's-Hertogenbosch /-toʊx-/ /-tɑx-/ /-tɑɡ-/ /-tɒx-/ /-tɒɡ-/ /-təʊx-/ /-əˈ-/ /ˌsɛə-/ /ˌsɛəɹ-/ /ˌsɜɹtoʊɡənˈbɔs/ /ˌsɜːtəʊɡənˈbɒs/ pn
's-Hertogenbosch
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

able /ə.bl̩/ suffix
alny elny
Able to be done; fit to be done.

aemia suffix
emia
(British spelling, medicine) Blood; presence in blood (of a substance denoted by an affixed combining form); state or condition of the blood.

archy suffix
archia
form of government or rule

arium -aria -ariums suffix
arium
A place associated with a specified thing.

ase suffix
aza
Used to form the names of enzymes.

ate /eɪt/ /ət/ suffix
an
(chemistry, in nouns) a derivative of a specified element or compound; especially a salt or ester of an acid whose name ends in -ic
ować
(in verbs) to act in the specified manner

ation /ˈeɪʃn̩/ suffix
acja
An action or process
The result of an action or process

biont /ˈbaɪ.ɑnt/ /ˈbaɪ.ɒnt/ suffix
biont
(biology) a discrete living organism that has a specified mode of living

biosis suffix
bioza

blast suffix
blast
an immature cell or tissue

cene suffix
cen
(geology) Related to the geologic era called the Cenozoic, the current one.

centric suffix
centryczny
Having a specified object at the centre, or as the focus of attention.

centrism suffix
centryzm

cephaly suffix
cefalia
(medicine, pathology) head

chrome suffix
chromia

cide /-saɪd/ suffix
cyd
killing
killer

cracy /-kɹəsi/ suffix
kracja
rule (in the sense of governing).

cyte /-saɪt/ suffix
cyt
Used to form cell names and classifications for mature cells.

drome suffix
drom
(literary) Forms placenames related to racetracks (now especially large covered racetracks) or similar structures.

ed /d/ /dəd/ /t/ /əd/ /ɪd/ suffix
ł
Used to form past tenses of (regular) verbs. In linguistics, it is used for the base form of any past form. See -t for a variant.
ny y
Used to form possessional adjectives from nouns, in the sense of having the object represented by the noun.

ence suffix
encja
(chiefly, non-productive) Same as -ance; having the state or condition of.

ene /-iːn/ suffix
en
A polymer derived from an alkene.

er /ə/ /ɚ/ suffix
ardziej
(added to certain adjectives and adverbs, now especially short ones) More; used to form the comparative.
(added to certain adverbs) More; used to form the comparative.
acz aczka arka arz ca ciel
(added to nouns, chiefly denoting occupations) A person whose occupation is the root noun; (more broadly, occasionally with adjectives) a person characterized by the root.
ak
(added to numbers, measurements or nouns denoting quantified sets) A person or thing to which a certain number or measurement applies.

ery /əɹi/ suffix
eria nia
Added to verbs to form nouns meaning "place of" (an art, craft, or practice).
eria
Added to nouns to form other nouns meaning "a class, group, or collection of."

ess /əs/ /ɛs/ /ɪs/ -esses suffix
ka
Used to form female equivalents.

est /əst/ /ɪst/ suffix
aj- ajbardziej
Used to form the superlative of adjectives and adverbs.
asz esz isz ysz
(archaic, dialectal) Used to form the second-person singular present tense and past tense of verbs. (if thou is the subject; not used with you)

ferous suffix
dajny nośny
Used to form adjectives from nouns, producing the specified material

fold suffix
krotny
Used to make adjectives meaning times.
krotnie kroć
Used to make adverbs meaning times.

gamy /-ɡəmi/ suffix
gamia
Used to form nouns describing forms of marriage.

gen suffix
gen
A producer of something, or an agent in the production of something.

genic suffix
genny rodny twórczy
produced or generated by something

geny suffix
genia

gony suffix
gonia

gram suffix
gram
Something written, drawn or otherwise recorded.

graph suffix
graf
that writes
(metonymic) that is written

grapher suffix
graf
someone who writes about a specified subject, or in a specified manner

graphy /-ɡɹəfi/ suffix
grafia
Something written or otherwise represented in the specified manner, or about a specified subject.

hood /hʊd/ suffix
ość ctwo stwo
A substantive suffix denoting a condition or state of being.
stwo
A substantive suffix denoting a group sharing a specified condition or state.

hour-old suffix
godzinny
Suffix used to indicate the age of something or someone, in terms of hours.

ian /iːən/ suffix
ski
(as a noun) One from, belonging to, relating to, or like.

iatry suffix
iatria
Forms names of specialized fields of medical practice.

ics suffix
ika yka
Forms nouns referring to fields of knowledge or practice.

ide suffix
ek id ida yd
Any of a group of related compounds - azide, polysaccharide, glycoside.

ification /ɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ suffix
fikacja yfikacja

ify /ɪfaɪ/ suffix
fikować
To produce verbs meaning to make.

ing /in/ /iŋ/ /ən/ /ɪn/ /ɪŋ/ /ɪŋk/ /ɪŋɡ/ suffix
cie nie
Used to form nouns or noun-like words (or elements of noun phrases) from verbs, denoting the act of doing something, an action, or the embodiment of an action.
Used to form nouns denoting materials or systems of objects which are used or employed in an action, or considered collectively.
ący
Used to form present participles of verbs.

ish /ɪʃ/ suffix
iczny yczny
(of adjectives from common nouns) Typical of, similar to, being like.
awy
(of adjectives from adjectives, with a diminutive force) Somewhat, rather.
oło koło
(of adjectives from numbers, especially of times and ages) About, approximately.
ski
(of adjectives from roots of proper nouns denoting names of nations or regions) Of, belonging, or relating to (a nationality, place, language or similar association with something).

ism /ɪ.zəm/ [ɪ.zm̩] suffix
izm yzm
Used to form names of a tendency of behaviour, action, state, condition or opinion belonging to a class or group of persons, or the result of a doctrine, ideology or principle or lack thereof.

ist /-əst/ /-ɪst/ suffix
ista istka ysta ystka
a person who holds bigoted, partial views.
a person who uses a device of some kind;
ista ysta istka ystka
one who subscribes to a particular theological doctrine or religious denomination;

ite /-aɪt/ suffix
anin ita
Used to form nouns denoting descendants of a specified historical person, especially a biblical figure.
in it yn yt
(chemistry) Used to form names of certain chemical compounds, especially salts or esters of acids whose name ends in -ous.

itude suffix
ituda ość stwo
state of

ity /əti/ [əɾi] [ɪti] [ɾi] suffix
ość
Used to form an uncountable noun from an adjective; especially, to form the noun referring to the state, property, or quality of conforming to the adjective's description.

ive /ɪv/ suffix
czy ny
An adjective suffix signifying relating or belonging to, of the nature of, tending to, or serving to; as: affirmative, active, conclusive, corrective, diminutive.

ization /-əˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ /-əˈzeɪʃn̩/ /-ˌaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ /-ˌaɪˈzeɪʃn̩/ suffix
izacja yzacja
A suffix forming nouns denoting the act, process, or result of doing something, or of making something.

ize /-aɪz/ suffix
izować yzować
Used to form verbs from nouns or adjectives, especially similative verbs

lalia suffix
lalia

less /ləs/ /lɪs/ suffix
ez-
Lacking (something); without (something). Added usually to a noun to form an adjective signifying a lack of that noun.

like suffix
podobny
Resembling, having some of the characteristics of (used to form adjectives from nouns).

ling suffix
ę
small, immature, miniature

lite /-ˌlaɪt/ suffix
lit
used to form names of rocks and minerals

lith suffix
lit

logist suffix
log
A person who studies or is an expert in the related -logy.

logy /ləd͡ʒi/ suffix
logia
A branch of learning; a study of a particular subject.

ly /li/ [li] [liː] [lɪ] [ɫiː] suffix
o
Used to form adverbs from adjectives and nouns.

lysis suffix
liza
decomposition or breakdown
dissolving
ilza
disintegration

mancy suffix
mancja
(fantasy) Variety of magic, especially that controlling or related to a specific element, substance, or theme.

mania suffix
mania
compulsion or obsession.

mer suffix
mer

mere suffix
mer

meter suffix
metr mierz
Used to form the names of measuring devices.

mycin /ˈmaɪ.sɪn/ suffix
mycyna

nd suffix
gi
Marks ordinals written in digits when the final term of the spelled number is "second"

ness /nəs/ /nɛs/ /nɪs/ [nɘs] suffix
ość stwo
Appended to adjectives to form nouns meaning "the state of being (the adjective)", "the quality of being (the adjective)", or "the measure of being (the adjective)".

nomy suffix
nomia
a system of rules, laws, or knowledge about a body of a particular field; distribution, arrangement, management

oid /-oɪd/ /-ɔɪd/ suffix
oid
Resembling; having the likeness of (usually including the concept of not being the same despite the likeness, but counterexamples exist).

ology /ˈɑləd͡ʒi/ /ˈɒləd͡ʒi/ suffix
logia
(often, humorous) added to an ordinary English word to create a name for a (possibly non-existent) field of study.

one suffix
on
a ketone

onym suffix
onim
name

opia suffix
opia

opsia /ˈɒpsɪə/ suffix
opsja

ose /-oʊs/ /-əʊs/ suffix
oza
(chemistry) Used to form the names of sugars.

osis /-oʊ.sɪs/ /-əʉ.sɪs/ /-əʊ.sɪs/ suffix
oza
(pathology) functional disease or condition such as hepatosis

ous /-əs/ suffix
awy ny y
Used to form adjectives from nouns, to denote:

path suffix
pata
Used to form nouns indicating someone with a particular disorder
Used to form nouns indicating someone with a particular capability, as a type of remedial treatment

pathy /-pəθi/ suffix
patia
suffering, feeling, emotion
damage to, disease of, disorder of, or abnormality
therapy, treatment, method, cure, curative treatment

pedia suffix
pedia

phage /feɪd͡ʒ/ suffix
fag
Something that eats, or consumes.

phagy suffix
fagia
(forming nouns) feeding on; consumption of.

phasia suffix
fazja

phile /faɪ̯l/ suffix
fil
Forming nouns and adjectives meaning "loving", "friendly", or "friend".

philia /-ˈfɪliə, -ˈfiːliə/ suffix
filia
(pathology) Used to form nouns meaning abnormal liking or tendency (for something), e.g. paraphilia.

phobe /-foʊb/ suffix
fob
Used to form nouns denoting a person having a fear of a specific thing.

phobia /-ˈfoʊ.bi.ə/ /-ˈfəʊ.bi.ə/ suffix
fobia
Used to form nouns meaning fear of a specific thing.
Used to form nouns meaning hate, dislike, or repression of a specific thing.

phone suffix
fon
A type of sound.
A device that makes a sound.

phony /-fəni/ suffix
fonia

phore suffix
for
Bearer, carrier or conveyor.

phoresis /fəˈɹiː.sɪs/ suffix
foreza

phrenia suffix
frenia

phyte /faɪt/ /fʌɪt/ -phytes suffix
fit
A member of a taxonomic group of plants or algae, chiefly one whose taxonomic name ends (or ended) in -phyta.
A plant that grows in a specified habitat.
A plant that grows in a specified form or habit.

plast /plæst/ suffix
plast

plasty /-ˈplæsti/ suffix
plastyka

ploid suffix
ploid

proof suffix
odporny
Suffix added to a noun to form an adjective denoting imperviousness to that noun.

rd suffix
ci
Marks ordinals written in digits when the final term of the spelled number is "third"

saur suffix
zaur

scope suffix
skop
Used to make terms denoting an instrument used for viewing or examination.

scopy /-skəpi/ suffix
skopia
observation, viewing

ship suffix
stwo
Appended to a noun to form a new noun denoting a property or state of being, time spent in a role, or a specialised union. In particular, the way a set of social duties associated with a particular role shapes or develop's one's character.

sophy suffix
zofia

st suffix
szy
Marks ordinals written in digits when the final term of the spelled number is "first"

stat /stat/ /stæt/ suffix
stat

sterone /stə.ɹəʊn/ /stəˌɹoʊn/ suffix
steron
(steroid hormone) Steroid hormone.

teen suffix
naście
Used to form cardinal numbers from thirteen to nineteen.

th /-θ/ suffix
ty y
(mathematics) Used to form a term denoting the ordinal numeral corresponding to the value, being a natural number, of a mathematical expression.

therm suffix
terma

thermy suffix
termia

time suffix
krotny
Suffix used to indicate how many times something has occurred.

tion /-tʃən/ /-ʃən/ suffix
cja
(non-productive) Used to form nouns meaning "the action of (a verb)" or "the result of (a verb)". Words ending in this suffix are almost always derived from a similar Latin word; a few (e.g. gumption) are not derived from Latin and are unrelated to any verb. More often, -ation is used.

tomy /-təmi/ suffix
tomia
Cutting, incision, section

troph suffix
trof

trophy /tɹə.fi/ suffix
trofia

tropin /ˈtɹoʊ.pɪn/ /ˈtɹəʊ.pɪn/ suffix
tropina

tropy suffix
tropia

type suffix
typia

ure suffix
ura

uria /-ˈjʊəɹɪə/ suffix
uria
(pathology) urine; urination; presence in urine (of a substance denoted by a prefixed combining form); state or condition of the urine.

y suffix
ny owy
Added to nouns and adjectives to form adjectives meaning “having the quality of”, either “involving the referent” or “analogous to it”.
ek ka ko
Forming diminutive nouns.
ość stwo
Forming abstract nouns denoting a condition, quality, or state.
liwy
Added to verbs to form adjectives meaning "inclined to".
ś
Forming familiar names, pet names, nicknames and terms of endearment.

zoic suffix
zoik

1 Chronicles pn
Pierwsza Księga Kronik
(biblical) The first of the two Books of Chronicles and the thirteenth book of the Old Testament of the Bible.

1 Kings pn
Pierwsza Księga Królewska
(biblical) The eleventh book of the Old Testament of Bible, and of the Tanakh.

1 Maccabees pn
Pierwsza Księga Machabejska
A book of the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox canon of the Old Testament, considered apocryphal by Protestants.

1 Peter pn
1 P Pierwszy List Piotra Pierwszy List [[św.]] Piotra Pierwszy List świętego Piotra Apostoła
(biblical) The first epistle of Peter, the twenty-first book of the New Testament of the Bible.

1 Samuel pn
Pierwsza Księga Samuela
(biblical) The ninth book of the Old Testament of the Bible, and of the Tanakh.

100th adj
100.
abbreviation of hundredth

101 /ˈwʌnˌoʊ̯ˈwʌn/ adj
abc od początku początkujący podstawy
(chiefly, US, often, postpositive) Basic, beginner, starting from scratch.

10th adj
10.
Alternative form of 10th

11th adj
11.
Alternative form of 11th

12th adj
12.
Alternative form of 12th

13th adj
13.
Alternative form of 13th

14th adj
14.
Alternative form of 14th

15 minutes of fame n
piętnaście minut sławy swoje pięć minut
(idiomatic) A very short time in the spotlight or brief flurry with fame, after which the person or subject involved is quickly forgotten.

15th adj
15.
Alternative form of 15th

16th /ˌsɪksˈtiːnθ/ /ˌsɪksˈtiːnθ/ adj
16.
Alternative form of 16th

17th adj
17.
Alternative form of 17th

18th adj
18.
Alternative form of 18th

19th adj
19.
Alternative form of 19th

1st /fɜːst/ /fɝst/ /fɜːst/ /fɝst/ adj
1.
Alternative form of 1st

2 Chronicles pn
Druga Księga Kronik
(biblical) The second of the two Books of Chronicles and the fourteenth book of the Old Testament of the Bible.

2 Kings pn
Druga Księga Królewska
(biblical) The twelfth book of the Old Testament of Bible, and of the Tanakh.

2 Maccabees pn
Druga Księga Machabejska
A book of the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox canon of the Old Testament, considered apocryphal by Protestants.

2 Peter pn
2 P Drugi List Piotra Drugi List [[św.]] Piotra Drugi List świętego Piotra Apostoła
(biblical) The second epistle of Peter, the twenty-second book of the New Testament of the Bible.

2 Samuel pn
Druga Księga Samuela
(biblical) The tenth book of the Old Testament of Bible, and of the Tanakh.

20th /ˈtwɛn.ti.əθ/ /ˈtwɛn.ti.əθ/ adj
20.
Alternative form of 20th

2nd /ˈsɛkənd/ /ˈsɛkənd/ adj
2.
Alternative form of 2nd

30th /ˈθɜː.ti.əθ/ /ˈθɝ.ɾi.əθ/ adj
30.
abbreviation of thirtieth

3D adj
3D
abbreviation

3rd adj
3.
Alternative form of 3rd

40th adj
40.
abbreviation of fortieth

4th adj
4.
Alternative form of 4th

5th adj
5.
Alternative form of 5th

610 Office pn
biuro 610
(informal) The Public Security Anti-Xie-Jiao Organization (公安部反邪教组, gong'anbu fanxiejiao zu) in the People's Republic of China

6th adj
6.
Alternative form of 6th

7th adj
7.
Alternative form of 7th

8-bit /ˌeɪtˈbɪt/ adj
bitowy ośmiobitowy
(computing, of a word size, or an integer) Represented using units of 8 bits (1 byte)

8th adj
8.
Alternative form of 8th

9th adj
9.
Alternative form of 9th

A /eɪ̯/ /æɪ/ n
A
Ace. (including in card games)

A-bomb A-bombs n
bomba atomowa
(slang) An atomic bomb; a weapon that derives its energy from nuclear reactions and has enormous destructive power.

A-flat A-flats n
as
(music) A tone one semitone below A, between G and A, denoted A♭.

A-sharp A-sharps n
ais
(music) A tone one semitone higher than A, denoted A♯.

A-sharp major n
Ais-dur

AA pn
AA
Initialism of Alcoholics Anonymous: a self-supporting organization of alcoholic people.

ABC /eɪ biː siː/ ABC's ABCs n
abecadło
(obsolete) A primer for teaching the Latin alphabet and first elements of reading. [Attested from around (1350 to 1470) until the mid-17th century.]
The fundamentals of any subject. [First attested in the mid-16th century.]

AC ACs n
prąd przemienny prąd zmienny
(electricity) Initialism of alternating current (often used to indicate an alternating potential rather than a current).

ACAB phraseologicalUnit
CHWDP HWDP
(derogatory) Initialism of all cops are bastards: an anti-police slogan protesting against police behaviour, often used in graffiti, tattoos, and other imagery.

AD /ˌeɪˈdi/ adv
p.n.Chr. po Chr.
(often, punctuated) Initialism of anno Domini (borrowed from Latin); in the year of our Lord.

ADHD /ˌeɪ diː ˌeɪtʃ ˈdiː/ n
ADHD
Initialism of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

AIDS /eɪdz/ n
AIDS
(disease, acronym) Acquired immune deficiency syndrome. [from 1982]

AKA preposition
aka alias
Initialism of also known as.

ASAP /ˈeɪ.sæp/ /ˌeɪ.ɛs.eɪˈpiː/ adv
ASAP asap jak najszybciej
Initialism of as soon as possible.

ATM ATMs n
bankomat
(banking) Initialism of automated teller machine or initialism of automatic teller machine.
ATM
(telecommunications, electronics) Initialism of asynchronous transfer mode.

AWOL /ˈeɪ̯.wɑl/ /ˈeɪ̯.wɔl/ /ˈʔɐ.wɔl/ adj
nieobecny bez zezwolenia
(originally, _, military) Absent without official leave (permission).

Aachen /ˈɑkən/ /ˈɑxən/ /ˈɑːkən/ pn
Akwizgran
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Aalborg /ˈɑlˌbɔɹɡ/ /ˈɑːlbɔːɡ/ /ˈɔlˌbɔɹɡ/ pn
Aalborg
TemplateParserError:LuaError; the fourth-largest city in Denmark.

Aalenian pn
aalen
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Middle Jurassic epoch or series.

Aargau /ˈɑrˌɡaʊ/ /ˈɑːɡaʊ/ pn
Argowia
TemplateParserError:LuaError (the German name)

Aarhus /ˈɑrˌ(h)us/ /ˈɑːhuːs/ /ˈɔrˌ(h)us/ pn
Aarhus
TemplateParserError:LuaError, in East Jutland; the second-largest city in Denmark.

Aaron /aaron/ /ahăron/ /ærən/ /ɛəɹən/ /ˈæɹ.ən/ /ˈæɹən/ /ˈɛə.ɹən/ /ˈɛəɹən/ /ˈɛɹ.ən/ /ˈɛɹən/ Aarons pn
Aaron
The elder brother of Moses in the Book of the Exodus, and in the Quran.
A surname transferred from the given name.

Aaron's beard /ˈæɹ.ənz bɪəd/ /ˈæɹ.ənz bɪɹd/ /ˈɛəɹ.ənz bɪəd/ /ˈɛɹ.ənz bɪɹd/ Aaron's beards n
Aronowa broda
A common name for several plants that have tufts of stamens. [First attested in the late 19th century.]

Abadan /ˌæ.bəˈdæn/ /ˌɑ.bɑˈdɑn/ /ˌɑ.bəˈdɑn/ pn
Abadan
A port city in Khuzestan, southwestern Iran.

Abakan /ˌɑ.bəˈkɑn/ pn
Abakan
The capital city of Khakassia, Russia.
A river in Khakassia, Russia.

Abaza /əˈbɑ.zə/ /əˈbɑː.zə/ adj
abazyński
Of or relating to the Abaza people or their language. [Mid 19th century.]

Abaza /əˈbɑ.zə/ /əˈbɑː.zə/ n
Abazyjczyk Abazyn Abazyńczyk
A member of an ethnic group living in the northwest Caucasus. [Early 19th century.]

Abaza /əˈbɑ.zə/ /əˈbɑː.zə/ pn
abaza abazyjski abazyński
A Northwest Caucasian language spoken in the Russian autonomous republic of Karachay-Cherkessia, in the Caucasus Mountains, as well as in Turkey. [Mid 19th century.]

Abdera pn
Abdera
TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Abderian /æbˈdɛɹ.i.ən/ /æbˈdɪɹ.i.ən/ more Abderian most Abderian adj
abderycki
Of or belonging to Abdera or its people.

Abderite /ˈæb.dəˌɹaɪt/ Abderites n
abderyta abderytka
An inhabitant or native of Abdera, in Thrace.

Abdon Abdons pn
Abdon
The tenth judge of Israel. (biblical character)

Abdul /ɑbˈdʊl/ pn
Abdul
A en given name used by Muslims.

Abdullah /æbˈdʌlə/ /ˌɑb.dʊlˈɑ/ pn
Abdullah
A en given name.

Abel /ˈeɪ.bl̩/ pn
Abel
(biblical character) The son of Adam and Eve who was killed by his brother Cain.
A en given name.

Abidjan /ˈæb.əˌd͡ʒɑn/ /ˌæb.əˈd͡ʒɑn/ /ˌæb.ɪˈd͡ʒɑn/ pn
Abidżan
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Abidjanian adj
abidżański
Of or pertaining to Abidjan, the largest city of Côte d'Ivoire.

Abigail /ˈæb.ə.ɡeɪl/ Abigails pn
Abigail
The wife of Nabal and later of David in the Old Testament.
A en given name, used since the 16th century, and currently quite popular.

Abkhaz /æbˈkæz/ /æbˈkɑz/ /ɑbˈkɑz/ adj
abchaski
Abkhazian: of or pertaining to Abkhazia, the Abkhazian people, or their language.

Abkhaz /æbˈkæz/ /æbˈkɑz/ /ɑbˈkɑz/ Abkhaz n
Abchaz Abchazka
An Abkhazian; a native or inhabitant of Abkhazia, a region just east of the Black Sea. [Mid 19th century.]

Abkhaz /æbˈkæz/ /æbˈkɑz/ /ɑbˈkɑz/ pn
abchaski
A Northwest Caucasian language spoken in Abkhazia. [Mid 19th century.]

Abkhazia /æbˈkeɪ.zi.ə/ /æbˈkeɪ.ʒi.ə/ /æbˈkeɪ.ʒə/ /æbˈkɑ.zi.ə/ /æbˈkɑ.ʒi.ə/ pn
Abchazja
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Aboriginal /ˌæb.əˈɹɪd͡ʒ.n̩.l̩/ /ˌæb.əˈɹɪd͡ʒ.ɪ.nəl/ /ˌæb.əˈɹɪd͡ʒ.ɪn.l̩/ more Aboriginal most Aboriginal adj
aborygeński
Of or pertaining to Australian Aboriginal peoples, Aborigines, or their language. [First attested in the 19th century.]

Aboriginal /ˌæb.əˈɹɪd͡ʒ.n̩.l̩/ /ˌæb.əˈɹɪd͡ʒ.ɪ.nəl/ /ˌæb.əˈɹɪd͡ʒ.ɪn.l̩/ Aboriginals n
Aborygen Aborygenka
An Aboriginal inhabitant of Australia. [First attested in the 19th century.]

Abraham /ˈeɪ.bɹæm/ /ˈeɪ.bɹə.hæm/ /ˈeɪ.bɹə.həm/ /ˈeɪ.bɹəˌhæm/ Abrahams pn
Abraham
(Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Baha'i) A prophet in the Old Testament, Qur'an and Aqdas; a Semitic patriarch son of Terah who practiced monotheism, father of the Jewish patriarch Isaac by Sarah and the Arab patriarch Ishmael by Hagar. [First attested prior to 1150.]
A en given name. [First attested prior to 1150.]
A surname originating as a patronymic. [First attested prior to 1150.]

Abraham's bosom pn
łono Abrahama
(Christianity) The waiting place for the faithful dead between the crucifixion and the resurrection of Christ; paradise. [First attested prior to 1150.]

Abrahamic /eɪ.bɹəˈhæm.ɪk/ more Abrahamic most Abrahamic adj
abrahamowy Abrahamowy abrahamiczny
Pertaining to Abraham, the patriarch. [First attested in the early 19th century.]
abrahamiczny abrahamowy
(of a, _, religion) Descended from the religious tradition of Abraham.

Abrahamism Abrahamisms n
abrahamizm
Abrahamic henotheism: the Abrahamic religions, sects, or denominations, considered collectively.

Abrahamite Abrahamites n
Abrahamita
(historical) A member of a sect of deists in Bohemia in the 18th century, professing to be followers of the pre-circumcised Abraham.

Abram /ˈeɪ.bɹəm/ Abrams pn
Abram
Abraham (prophet in the Old Testament). [First attested prior to 1150.]

Abruka pn
Abruka
An Estonian island located in the Gulf of Riga, off the coast of Saaremaa.

Abruzzian more Abruzzian most Abruzzian adj
abruzyjski
Of or relating to Abruzzo in Italy.

Abruzzian Abruzzians n
Abruzyjczyk
A native or inhabitant of Abruzzo in Italy.

Abruzzo pn
Abruzja
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Absalom /ˈæb.sə.ləm/ pn
Absalom
(biblical character) The third son of David, king of Israel.

Absolute /ˈæb.səˌlut/ /ˈæb.səˌluːt/ Absolutes n
absolut

Abu Dhabi /ˈɑ.bu ˈdæ.bi/ /ˈɑ.bu ˈdɑ.bi/ /ˈɑ.bu ˈðɑ.bi/ pn
Abu Zabi
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Abuja /əˈbuːd͡ʒə/ pn
Abudża
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Abundius pn
Abundiusz
A male given name of historical usage

Abyssinia /ˌæb.əˈsɪn.i.ə/ /ˌæb.əˈsɪn.jə/ /ˌæb.ɪˈsɪn.i.ə/ pn
Abisynia
(historical) The Ethiopian Empire, TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Abyssinian /ˌæb.əˈsɪn.i.ən/ /ˌæb.əˈsɪn.jən/ /ˌæb.ɪˈsɪn.i.ən/ /ˌæb.ɪˈsɪn.ɪ.ən/ adj
abisyński
(dated, usually, _, capitalized) Of or pertaining to Ethiopia or its inhabitants; Ethiopian. [First attested in the late 18th century.]

Abyssinian /ˌæb.əˈsɪn.i.ən/ /ˌæb.əˈsɪn.jən/ /ˌæb.ɪˈsɪn.i.ən/ /ˌæb.ɪˈsɪn.ɪ.ən/ Abyssinians n
abisynka abisyńczyk kot abisyński
A short-haired domestic cat descended from cats of ancient Egypt making it one of the oldest breeds in the world; Abyssinian cat. [First attested in the late 19th century.]
Abisyńczyk Abisynka
A member of the Abyssinian Church.

Abyssinian well Abyssinian wells n
studnia abisyńska

Acarnania pn
Akarnania
TemplateParserError:LuaError that lies along the Ionian Sea, west of Aetolia.

Accra /ə.ˈkɹɑ/ /ˈæk.ɹə/ pn
Akra
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Achaea pn
Achaja
TemplateParserError:LuaError, in the northern head of the Peloponnese peninsula that contains mostly mountains.

Achaemenid /əˈkiːmənɪd/ /əˈkɛmənɪd/ adj
achemenidzki
Relating to the dynasty which ruled the Persian empire c. 550–330 BCE (the Achaemenid Empire), founded by Achaemenes.

Achilles /əˈkɪliːz/ pn
Achilles
(Greek mythology) A mythical semidivine hero, the son of Peleus by the nereid Thetis, and prince of the Myrmidons, who features in the Iliad as a central character and the foremost warrior of the Achaean (Greek) camp.

Achilles heel /əˌkɪl.iːz ˈhiːl/ Achilles heels n
pięta Achillesa pięta achillesowa
A vulnerability in an otherwise strong situation.

Achilles tendon Achilles tendons n
ścięgno Achillesa
(anatomy) The strong tendon formed of the united tendons of the large muscles in the calf of the leg, and inserted into the bone of the heel.

Acmeism /ˈæk.miː.ɪz.əm/ n
akmeizm
A literary movement in early twentieth-century Russia, reacting against symbolism and concerned with greater immediacy in poetic language.

Acmeist /ˈæk.mi.ɪst/ more Acmeist most Acmeist adj
akmeistyczny
Of or pertaining to Acmeism, a transient poetic school in Russia in the early 1900s.

Acmeist /ˈæk.mi.ɪst/ Acmeists n
akmeista akmeistka
An Acmeist poet, a member of the Acmeist school.

Acre /ˈeɪ.kɚ/ /ˈɑː.kɚ/ pn
Akka
TemplateParserError:LuaError, holiest city in the Baháʼí Faith.

Acropolis /əˈkɹɒpəlɪs/ pn
Akropol
The Athenian Acropolis. (Compare acropolis.)

Acts of the Apostles pn
Dzieje Apostolskie
(biblical) The fifth book in the New Testament of the Bible.

Adam /ˈæ.dəm/ [ˈæɾm̩] [ˈæɾəm] Adams pn
Adam
(Abrahamic religions) The first man and the progenitor of the human race.
A en given name.

Adam and Eve pn
Adam i Ewa
The first man and woman, respectively, according to the Book of Genesis.

Adam's apple Adam's apples n
jabłko Adama grdyka
(anatomy) The lump in the throat, usually more noticeable in men than in women; the laryngeal prominence.

Adam's needle Adam's needles n
Adamowa szpilka

Adana pn
Adana
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Addis Ababa /ˌædɪs ˈæbəbə/ pn
Addis Abeba
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Adela /ə.ˈdɛ.lə/ /ˈæ.də.lə/ pn
Adela
A en given name.

Adelaide /ˈæ.də.leɪd/ /ˈæ.dɜ.læɪ̯d/ pn
Adelajda
A en given name
TemplateParserError:LuaError, known for its large population of saltwater crocodiles.

Aden pn
Aden
Seaport and largest city of Yemen, which was the capital of the former South Yemen.

Adenese more Adenese most Adenese adj
adeński

Adige /ˈadɪdʒeɪ/ pn
Adyga
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Adjara /əˈd͡ʒɑːɹə/ pn
Adżaria
TemplateParserError:LuaError located in its southwestern corner, bordered by Turkey to the south and by the Black Sea to the west. Predominantly populated by Muslim Georgians. Capital: Batumi.

Adjaran adj
adżarski
Of, from, or pertaining to Adjara or its people.

Adjaran Adjarans n
Adżar Adżarka
A person from Adjara.

Adonis /əˈdoʊ.nɪs/ /əˈdɑn.ɪs/ /əˈdɒn.ɪs/ Adonides Adonises n
adonis
A beautiful man.

Adonis /əˈdoʊ.nɪs/ /əˈdɑn.ɪs/ /əˈdɒn.ɪs/ pn
Adonis
(Greek mythology) A beautiful young man loved by Aphrodite.
(rare) A en given name

Adrian /ˈeɪ.dɹiː.ən/ pn
Adrian
A en given name.
(rare) A en given name (compare Adriana, Adrianna, Adrienne).

Adriatic /ˌeɪ.dɹiˈæt.ɪk/ adj
adriatycki
Of or pertaining to the Adriatic Sea

Adriatic Sea /eɪ.dɹiˈæt.ɪk/ pn
Morze Adriatyckie
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Advaita /əd.ˈvaɪ.tə/ pn
adwaita adwajta
(Hinduism) A Sanskrit philosophical term that may be literally rendered in English as nonduality: denoting that though differences and variegation appear in the human condition they are unreal or illusory and are not ultimately true.

Advent pn
adwent
(Christianity) The period or season of the Christian church year between Advent Sunday and Christmas.

Advent calendar Advent calendars n
kalendarz adwentowy
A calendar used to count down the days of Advent, having windows revealing a hidden picture or gift on each day.

Advent wreath Advent wreaths n
wieniec adwentowy
(Christianity) A usually evergreen wreath adorned with four (or sometimes five) candles, the first of which is lit on Advent Sunday, followed by the lighting of an additional candle on each subsequent Sunday.

Adventism n
adwentyzm
The Adventist Christian movement founded by William Miller in 19th-century United States.

Adventist more Adventist most Adventist adj
adwentystyczny
Relating to believers in the Second Advent of Jesus; relating to Adventism.
(short form) Relating to Seventh-day Adventism / the Seventh-day Adventist Church.

Adventist Adventists n
adwentysta adwentystka
One who believes in the Second Advent (usually known as the Second Coming) of Jesus; an advocate of Adventism.
(short form) A member of the Seventh-day Adventist Church.

Adygea /ɑːdɪˈɡeɪ.ə/ pn
Adygeja
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Adyghe /ɑːdɪˈɡeɪ/ /ˈɑː.dɪ.ɡeɪ/ pn
adygejski
A Northwest Caucasian language spoken in the Republic of Adygea, in the Russian Federation.

Aeaea /iːˈ(j)iː.ə/ pn
Ajaja
(Greek mythology) The mythical island said to be the home of Circe.

Aegean /iˈd͡ʒi.ən/ adj
egejski
Of or relating to the Aegean Sea or the regions bordering it.

Aegean Sea /əˈdʒi.ən ˈsi/ pn
Morze Egejskie
A sea in the northeastern part of the Mediterranean.

Aegidius pn
Egidiusz Idzi
A en given name.

Aegina /iˈd͡ʒaɪnə/ pn
Egina
(Greek god) A nymph of the island that bears her name.

Aeneas /ɪˈniː.əs/ pn
Eneasz
(Greek mythology) A Trojan hero and the legendary ancestor of Romans.

Aeneid /əˈniː.ɪd/ /ˈiː.ni.ɪd/ Aeneids pn
Eneida
A classic epic poem, written in Latin by Virgil in the 1st century BCE (between 29 and 19 BCE), that tells the legendary story of Aeneas fleeing Troy and settling in Italy as ancestor of the Romans.

Aeolus /iˈoʊləs/ pn
Eol
(Greek god) The name of a number of characters in Greek mythology, including the founder of the Aeolian race, and a god with power over wind.

Aeroflot pn
Aerofłot
The largest airline in Russia.

Aeronian pn
aeron
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Silurian period.

Aeschylus /ˈɛ.skə.ləs/ /ˈɛs.kə.ləs/ pn
Ajschylos
A Greek dramatic poet (525 BCE—456 BCE); Aeschylus was the earliest of the three greatest Greek tragedians.

Aesculapian snake Aesculapian snakes n
wąż Eskulapa
A European species of nonvenomous snake, Zamenis longissimus, syn. Coluber longissimus, associated with Aesculapius in Ancient Greek mythology.

Aesculapius /ˌiːskjʊˈleɪpɪəs/ pn
Eskulap
(Roman god) The god of medicine and healing. Greek counterpart: Asclepius.

Aesop /ˈiːsɒp/ pn
Ezop
An ancient Greek author, famous for the fables ascribed to him.

Aesopian /iːˈsoʊpi.ən/ /iːˈsəʊpɪən/ more Aesopian most Aesopian adj
ezopowy
(not comparable) Related to or concerning the Greek fabulist Aesop.

Aether pn
Ajter Eter
(Greek god) One of the Greek primordial deities who was the personification of light, brother-husband of Hemera and grandson of Chaos.

Aetna /ˈɛtnə/ pn
Ajtne
(Greek mythology, and, Roman mythology) A nymph in Sicily who, according to legend, gave her name to the volcanic Mount Etna.

Aetolia /iːˈtəʊ.liː.ə/ pn
Etolia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Aetolian more Aetolian most Aetolian adj
etolski
Of or relating to Aetolia.

Aetolian Aetolians n
Etol Etolczyk Etolka
A native or inhabitant of Aetolia.

Afar /ˈɑːfɑː(ɹ)/ Afar Afars n
Afar
A member of the people who speak this language and reside in these regions.

Afar /ˈɑːfɑː(ɹ)/ pn
Afar afarski
A Cushitic language spoken in Ethiopia, Eritrea and Djibouti.
Afar
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Affenpinscher Affenpinschers n
pinczer małpi
A breed of toy dog bred in Western Europe.

Afghan /ˈæf(ˌ)ɡɑːn/ /ˈæfɡən/ /ˈæfˌɡæn/ adj
afgański
Of, from, or pertaining to Afghanistan.
pasztuński
Of, from, or pertaining to the Pashtun ethnic community.

Afghan /ˈæf(ˌ)ɡɑːn/ /ˈæfɡən/ /ˈæfˌɡæn/ Afghans n
Afgańczyk Afganka
A person from Afghanistan.
Afgan Afganka Pasztun Pasztunka
(historical) A person of Pashtun ethnicity.
afgan chart afgański
Synonym of Afghan Hound.

Afghan /ˈæf(ˌ)ɡɑːn/ /ˈæfɡən/ /ˈæfˌɡæn/ pn
afgański paszto pasztuński
Pashto, a language primarily spoken by Pashtun people in Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan.

Afghan Hound /ˌæfɡæn ˈhau̯nd/ Afghan Hounds n
chart afgański
A sighthound bred in Afghanistan to hunt hare and gazelle.

Afghanistan /æfˈɡæn.ɪˌstæn/ /æfˈɡæn.ɪˌstɑːn/ /æfˈɡɑːn.ɪˌstɑːn/ pn
Afganistan
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Africa /ɛfrɨkə/ /ˈæf.ɹɪ.kə/ Africas pn
Afryka
The continent that is south of Europe, east of the Atlantic Ocean, west of the Indian Ocean and north of Antarctica.
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError containing what is now modern Tunisia and portions of Libya.

African /ˈæf.ɹɪ.kən/ more African most African adj
afrykański Afrykanin
Of or pertaining to Africa.

African /ˈæf.ɹɪ.kən/ Africans n
Afrykanin Afrykanka
A native of Africa; also one ethnologically belonging to an African race.

African blue tit African blue tits n
modraszka kanaryjska
Cyanistes teneriffae, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

African buffalo African buffalos n
bawół afrykański
A large African bovid, Syncerus caffer.

African hunting dog African hunting dogs n
likaon likaon pstry
A wild canid, Lycaon pictus, typically black, white and tan, found in Tanzania, Kenya, Zimbabwe, Botswana and South Africa.

African jacana African jacanas n
długoszpon afrykański
Actophilornis africanus, a wader in the family Jacanidae.

African violet African violets n
sępolia
Any perennial plant of section Streptocarpus sect. Saintpaulia (formerly genus Saintpaulia), especially Streptocarpus ionantha, with fine haired round leaves and velvety petals.

African-American [ˈæfɹʷɪkən əˈmɛɹʷɪkən] more African-American most African-American adj
afroamerykański
(US, broadly, proscribed, sometimes, offensive, of a person) Any American of black African descent.

African-American [ˈæfɹʷɪkən əˈmɛɹʷɪkən] African-Americans n
Afroamerykanin Afroamerykanka
A member of an ethnic group consisting of Americans of black African descent.

Africanism Africanisms n
afrykanizm
Eurocentric representation of Africans or people of African ancestry.

Africanization Africanizations n
afrykanizacja
The act or process of Africanizing.

Africanize v
afrykanizować
(transitive, American spelling) To make African.

Africanness Africannesses n
afrykańskość
The state or quality of being African.

Afrikaans /ˌɑːfɹɪˈkɑːnz/ adj
afrykanerski
Of or pertaining to the Afrikaans language.

Afrikaans /ˌɑːfɹɪˈkɑːnz/ pn
afrikaans afrykanerski
A Germanic language descending from Dutch; the primary language of the descendants of Dutch and other European settlers, as well as many mixed-race (e.g. Rehoboth Basters) living in South Africa and in Namibia. Also, one of the eleven official languages of South Africa and until 1990 one of three official languages of Namibia.

Afrikaner /ˌæfɹɪˈkɑːnɚ/ Afrikaners n
Afrykaner Afrykanerka
A member of an ethnic group of northwestern European ancestry and associated with southern Africa and the Afrikaans language.

Afro- /ˈæfɹoʊ-/ prefix
afro-
African

Agadir /ɑːɡəˈdɪə(ɹ)/ pn
Agadir
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Agamemnon /ˌæɡəˈmɛmnɒn/ /ˌæɡəˈmɛmnən/ pn
Agamemnon
(Greek mythology) One of the most distinguished heroes of Greek mythology. He is the son of King Atreus of Mycenae and Queen Aerope and the brother of Menelaus. He is famous for rallying the Greeks in the Trojan War, yet infamous for the sacrifice of his daughter Iphigenia at the commencement of the war.

Agatha /ˈæɡəθə/ pn
Agata
A en given name.

Age of Enlightenment pn
Oświecenie oświecenie
(historical period) A period of time ranging from part of the 17th century through much of the 18th century, characterized particularly by the importance of logic and reason.

Aghori n
aghori
A tribe of Hindu ascetics who are or were thought to eat the flesh of corpses.

Aglaia pn
Aglaja
A en given name, of mostly historical usage.

Agnes /ˈæɡ.nɪs/ pn
Agnieszka Jagna
A en given name.

Agra pn
Agra
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Ahriman pn
Aryman
The hypostasis of chaos, destruction, evil in Zoroastrianism.

Ainu /ˈaɪnuː/ Ainu n
Ajnos Ajnoska
A member of an ethnic group on the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido.

Ainu /ˈaɪnuː/ pn
ajnuski
The endangered language spoken by the Ainu ethnic group, generally considered a language isolate with no known relation to other languages.

Aion pn
Aion
A Hellenistic deity associated with time, the orb or circle encompassing the universe, and the zodiac.

Aisha /aɪˈiːʃə/ pn
Aisza
A en given name, most famously borne by Muhammad's third wife. Daughter of first caliph Abu Bakr.

Ajax /ˈeɪ.d͡ʒæks/ Ajaxes pn
Ajas
(Greek mythology) Either of two heroes of the Trojan War.

Ajman pn
Adżman
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Akan pn
akan
The Niger-Congo language spoken by these people.
A group of languages spoken in Ghana.

Akkadian /əˈkeɪ.di.ən/ /əˈkɑ.di.ən/ adj
akadyjski
Of or pertaining to the Akkadian language of ancient Mesopotamia.

Akkadian /əˈkeɪ.di.ən/ /əˈkɑ.di.ən/ pn
akadyjski
The now extinct Semitic language of ancient Mesopotamia, formerly used as an international language of diplomacy.

Al Jazeera /æl dʒəˈziːɹə/ pn
Al-Dżazira
A group of satellite television channels from Qatar. Two channels broadcast news in English and in Arabic, with other children’s and sport channels in Arabic.

Alabama /ˌæ.lə.ˈbæ.mə/ pn
Alabama
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
The University of Alabama.

Aladdin /əˈlædɪn/ pn
Aladyn
The young man who is the protagonist and title character of the story

Alanic /əˈleɪnɪk/ /əˈlɑnɪk/ /əˈlɑːnɪk/ more Alanic most Alanic adj
alański
of or pertaining to Alans—an Iranian nomadic pastoral people of antiquity and middle ages—or their language

Alaska /əˈlæs.kə/ pn
Alaska
TemplateParserError:LuaError, named for the state or territory.

Alaska pollock Alaska pollock Alaska pollocks n
mintaj
A semipelagic schooling fish, Gadus chalcogrammus (syn. Theragra chalcogramma), widely distributed in the North Pacific with largest concentrations found in the eastern Bering Sea.

Alaskan /əˈlæskən/ more Alaskan most Alaskan adj
alaskański alaski alaskijski
Of or pertaining to Alaska, its people, or their culture.

Alaskan /əˈlæskən/ Alaskans n
Alaskanin Alaskanka Alaskijczyk Alaskijka
A native or resident of the state of Alaska in the United States of America.

Alba /ˈælbə/ /ˈɑlbə/ pn
Alba
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Albania /ælˈbeɪ.ni.ə/ /ɔːlˈbeɪ.ni.ə/ pn
Albania
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Albanian /ælˈbeɪ.ni.ən/ adj
albański
Of, from, or pertaining to Albania, the Albanian people or the Albanian language.

Albanian /ælˈbeɪ.ni.ən/ Albanians n
Albańczyk Albanka albański
(countable) A person from Albania or of Albanian descent.

Albanian /ælˈbeɪ.ni.ən/ pn
albański
The languages spoken by the Albanian people, primarily spoken in Albania and Kosovo. (ISO 639 language codes: sq/sqi/alb (Albanian), als (Tosk), aln (Gheg), aat (Arvanitika), aae (Arbëresh).)

Alberta /ˌælˈbɜː(ɹ).tə/ pn
Alberta
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
California.
A en given name, a feminine form of Albert.

Alcaic /ælˈkeɪ.ɪk/ more Alcaic most Alcaic adj
alcejski
Pertaining to Alcaeus, a Greek lyric poet of around 600 BC; especially, of a verse meter in a four-line stanza which he supposedly invented.

Alchevsk pn
Ałczewsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Alcibiades /ˌælsəˈbaɪədiz/ pn
Alkibiades Alcybiades
A Greek en given name, notably borne by Alcibiades (450–404 B.C.), a prominent Athenian statesman, orator, and general.

Alcmene /ælkˈmiːni/ pn
Alkmena
(Greek mythology) Descendant of Perseus and Andromeda, the wife of Amphitryon, and mother, by Zeus, of Heracles/Hercules.

Alcoholics Anonymous pn
Anonimowi Alkoholicy
A self-supporting organization of alcoholic people, which proves mutual support to obtain and maintain sobriety.

Aldebaran /alˈdɛbəɹən/ pn
Aldebaran
(star) One of the brightest stars in the sky, now recognised to be a binary star in the constellation Taurus (alpha (α) Tauri); an orange giant, 68 light years from Earth. [from 14th c.]

Alecto pn
Alekto
(Greek god, Roman god) One of the Furies.

Alectryon pn
Alektryon
(Greek mythology) A youth charged by Ares to stand guard outside his door while the god indulged in illicit love with Aphrodite. He fell asleep and was transformed into a rooster as punishment.

Aleppo /əˈlɛpoʊ/ /əˈlɛpəʊ/ pn
Aleppo
TemplateParserError:LuaError, capital of the Aleppo Governorate.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Aleut /əˈluːt/ /ˈæ.liːˌuːt/ /ˌæ.liːˈuːt/ adj
aleucki
Of the Aleutian Islands, their inhabitants or their language.

Aleut /əˈluːt/ /ˈæ.liːˌuːt/ /ˌæ.liːˈuːt/ Aleuts n
Aleuta Aleutka
A member of the indigenous people of the Aleutian Islands of Alaska in the United States and of Kamchatka Krai in the Russia.

Aleut /əˈluːt/ /ˈæ.liːˌuːt/ /ˌæ.liːˈuːt/ pn
aleucki
The language of the Aleutian Islands, related to Eskimo (Inupiaq and Yupik).

Aleutian Islands /ˌæliːˈuːʃən ˈɑɪlændz/ pn
Aleuty
An archipelago of more than 300 small volcanic islands forming an island arc in the Northern Pacific Ocean, between Alaska and the Kamchatka Peninsula of Asia; part of the United States.

Alexander /ˌa.lɪɡˈzɑːn.də/ /ˌæ.lɪɡˈzæn.dɚ/ [ˌæ.lɪɡˈzeən.də] [ˌæ.lɪɡˈzeən.dɚ] Alexanders pn
Aleksander Aleksy
A en given name, most famously held by Alexander the Great.

Alexander the Great pn
Aleksander Wielki Aleksander Macedoński
(356–323 BCE) A king (basileus) of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and conqueror of much of Asia.

Alexandra /ˌæ.lɪɡˈzæn.dɹə/ /ˌæ.lɪɡˈzɑn.dɹə/ /ˌæ.lɪɡˈzɑːn.dɹə/ [ˌæ.lɪɡˈzeən.dɹə] Alexandras pn
Aleksandra
A en given name.

Alexandria /æləkˈzændɹi.ə/ /æləɡˈzændɹi.ə/ pn
Aleksandria
TemplateParserError:LuaError around the city.

Alexandroupoli pn
Aleksandropolis
TemplateParserError:LuaError and the capital of the Evros Prefecture in Thrace.

Alexia pn
Aleksja
A en given name.

Alexius pn
Aleksy
A en given name.

Alfonso /ælˈfɑnzoʊ/ pn
Alfons
A en given name.

Algeria /ælˈdʒɪəɹi.ə/ /ælˈdʒɪɹi.ə/ pn
Algieria
(historical) French or Colonial Algeria, from 1830 to 1962
(historical) Ottoman Algeria, also the regency of Algiers or al-Jazā’ir in Arabic, from 1515 to 1830
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
The People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria, since 1962

Algerian /ælˈd͡ʒɪɹi.ən/ more Algerian most Algerian adj
algierski
Of, from, or pertaining to Algeria or the Algerian people.

Algerian /ælˈd͡ʒɪɹi.ən/ Algerians n
Algierczyk Algierka
A person from Algeria or of Algerian descent.

Alghero /alˈɡɛəɹəʊ/ /ɑlˈɡɛɹoʊ/ pn
Alghero
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Algic pn
algijski
An indigenous language family of North America, comprising Wiyot, Yurok, and many Algonquian languages.

Algiers /ælˈdʒɪə(ɹ)z/ /ælˈd͡ʒiɹz/ pn
Algier
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Ali Baba Ali Babas n
Ali Baba
(mostly, attributive) A large container, such as a jar or a basket, with a flat base and usually a rounded body that tapers to a narrower neck.

Alice /ˈæl.ɪs/ pn
Alicja
A en given name popular in England since the Middle Ages.

All Saints' Day pn
Wszystkich Świętych
(Christianity) In Christian tradition, the annual feast day celebrating the life of all saints, taking place on the first day of November, or (in the Greek church) on the first Sunday after Pentecost.

All Souls' Day pn
Dzień Zaduszny Zaduszki
(Christianity) An annual feast day celebrating the faithful departed on the second day of November, immediately following All Saints' Day.

Allah /əˈlɑː/ /ˈæ.lə/ /ˈɑːlɑː/ /ˈɑːlə/ /ˌɑːˈlɑː/ Allahs pn
Allah Allach Ałłach
God, in Islamic or Arabic contexts

Allahu akbar /əˌlɑːhuː ˈakbɑː/ /ˌaləhuː ˈakbɑː/ interjection
Allach akbar Allachu akbar
(Islam) "God is most great"; the Muslim takbir, or liturgical proclamation, used to accept sovereignty of God and as a common form of thanksgiving. [from 17th c.]

Allasch n
alasz

Almaty pn
Ałmaty Ałma Ata
The largest city in and former (until 1998) capital of Kazakhstan, formerly known as Alma-Ata.

Almazna pn
Ałmazna
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Almería /ˌælməˈɹi.ə/ /ˌɑːlməˈɹi.ə/ pn
Almeria Almería
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError, the capital of this province.

Almighty /ɔːlˈmaɪti/ pn
Wszechmogący
God, the supreme being.

Aloysius /æl.əʊˈɪs.ɪəs/ /æl.əʊˈɪʃ.əs/ pn
Alojzy
A en given name, notably of a 16th-century Italian saint.

Alpha Centauri pn
Alfa Centauri
(star) The brightest star in the southern constellation of Centaurus. It is actually a binary star with Proxima Centauri as a third component.

Alpheus /ælˈfiːəs/ pn
Alfeusz
A en given name, of mostly historical usage.

Alpine /ˈæl.paɪn/ /ˈæl.pɪn/ more Alpine most Alpine adj
alpejski
Relating to the Alps, a mountain range in Western and Central Europe.

Alps /ælps/ pn
Alpy
(usually, with "the") TemplateParserError:LuaError, running from France to Slovenia, the highest peak of which is Mont Blanc, at 4808 metres.

Alsace /ælˈseɪs/ /ælˈsæs/ /ˈæl.seɪs/ /ˈæl.sæs/ pn
Alzacja
TemplateParserError:LuaError. It has changed hands between France and Germany several times throughout history.

Alsace-Lorraine pn
Alzacja-Lotaryngia
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Alsatian /ælˈseɪʃən/ adj
alzacki
Of or relating to Alsace.

Alsatian /ælˈseɪʃən/ Alsatians n
Alzatczyk Alzatka
A native or inhabitant of Alsace.

Alsatian /ælˈseɪʃən/ pn
alzacki
The Germanic lect (language or dialect) spoken in Alsace.

Altai pn
Ałtaj
(with the) TemplateParserError:LuaError, where Russia, China, Mongolia and Kazakhstan converge.
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Altai Republic pn
Republika Ałtaju
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Altaic /ælˈteɪ.ɪk/ adj
ałtajski
Of or pertaining to a grouping of languages (formerly proposed to be a language family, now generally considered a sprachbund by linguists) that includes the Turkic languages (e.g. Turkish), the Mongolic (e.g. Mongolian) and Tungusic (e.g. Xibe) languages, and less often the Japonic and Koreanic languages.

Altair /ˈæltaɪə(ɹ)/ /ˈɔːltaɪə(ɹ)/ /ˈɔːltɛə(ɹ)/ /ˌɑltaɪˈɪə(ɹ)/ pn
Altair
(star) The brightest star in the constellation Aquila; Alpha (α) Aquilae. It is the twelfth brightest star in the sky, and forms one corner of the Summer Triangle.

Alumel n
alumel

Alupka pn
Ałupka
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Alushta pn
Ałuszta
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Alvin /ˈælvɪn/ pn
Alvin
A en given name.

Alytus /ə.liːˈtʊs/ /əˈliːtəs/ pn
Olita
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Alzheimer's disease /ˈæl(t)shaɪmə(ɹ)z/ /ˈɑːl(t)shaɪmə(ɹ)z/ /ˈɔːl(t)shaɪmə(ɹ)z/ /ˈɔːlzhaɪmə(ɹ)z/ n
alzheimer choroba Alzheimera
(neurology, disease) A disorder involving loss of mental functions resulting from brain tissue changes; senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type.

Amadeus /ˌæməˈdeɪəs/ pn
Amadeusz
A en given name.

Amalia /əˈmɑli.ə/ pn
Amalia
A en given name.

Amalthea pn
Amalteja
(Greek mythology) The most frequently mentioned foster mother of Zeus, sometimes represented as the goat who suckled the infant-god in a mountain cave, sometimes as a goat-tending nymph.
Amaltea
(astronomy) The third most distant moon of Jupiter.

Amanda /əˈmændə/ [əˈmɛəndə] pn
Amanda
A en given name.

Amaterasu /ɑːmətɛɹˈɑːsuː/ pn
Amaterasu
(Japanese god, Shinto) The Japanese sun goddess, and most important Shinto deity; she is the daughter of Izanagi and Izanami and the sister of Susanoo, Tsukuyomi, Ōyamatsumi, and Kagutsuchi.

Amazon /-ɒn/ /ˈæm.ə.zɔn/ /ˈæm.ə.zən/ /ˈæm.əˌzɑn/ /ˈɛm.ə.zɔn/ Amazons n
Amazonka
(Greek mythology) A member of a mythical race of female warriors inhabiting the Black Sea area.

Amazon /-ɒn/ /ˈæm.ə.zɔn/ /ˈæm.ə.zən/ /ˈæm.əˌzɑn/ /ˈɛm.ə.zɔn/ pn
Amazonka
(sometimes, attributive) A region including much of this river; specifically, the region of the Amazon Rainforest, or of the Amazon River Basin.

Amazonas pn
Amazonas
TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Amazonia /ˌæm.əˈzəʊ.ni.ə/ pn
Amazonia
The region of the Amazon rainforest.

Amazonian antshrike Amazonian antshrikes n
chronka amazońska
A passerine bird of the antbird family, Thamnophilus amazonicus.

Ambrose /ˈæmbɹoʊz/ /ˈæmbɹəʊz/ pn
Ambroży
A en given name.

Amelia /əˈmiːli.ə/ /əˈmiːljə/ pn
Amelia
A en given name

American /əˈmɛɹ.ɪ.kən/ /əˈmɝ.ə.kən/ more American most American adj
amerykański
Of, from, or pertaining to the United States of America, its people, or its culture.
(archaic) Synonym of American Indian and Native American, of, from, or pertaining to the indigenous inhabitants of the Americas.

American /əˈmɛɹ.ɪ.kən/ /əˈmɝ.ə.kən/ Americans n
Amerykanin Amerykanka
(archaic) Synonym of American Indian or Native American, an indigenous inhabitant of the Americas. [from 16th c.]
A citizen or inhabitant of the United States of America.

American Bulldog American Bulldogs n
buldog amerykański
A medium-sized breed of domestic dog.

American Civil War pn
wojna secesyjna
A war fought in the United States between 1861 and 1865, between the Northern states (Union) and Southern states (Confederacy).

American Dream n
amerykański sen
(idiomatic) A philosophy that with perseverance, courage and determination, anyone can prosper and achieve success.

American English pn
amerykański amerykański angielski amerykańszczyzna
The form of the English language that is chiefly used in the United States, contrasted with British English or Canadian English and that of other places.

American Samoa /əˈmɛɹ.ɪ.kən səˈmoʊ.ə/ /əˈmɛɹ.ɪ.kən səˈməʊ.ə/ pn
Samoa Amerykańskie
TemplateParserError:LuaError. It is distinct from Samoa (formerly: Western Samoa).

American alligator American alligators n
aligator amerykański
An alligator of a species native to the southeastern United States, Alligator mississippiensis.

American bison /əˈmɛɹɪkən ˈbaɪ̯sən/ American bison American bisons n
bizon
A bovine mammal, a species of bison, Bison bison.

American bittern American bitterns n
bąk amerykański
A medium-sized bittern most commonly found in North America, Botaurus lentiginosus, known for its resounding calls.

American black bear American black bears n
baribal niedźwiedź czarny
A bear of the species Ursus americanus, native to cooler climates in North America.

American black duck American black ducks n
Brązówka
Anas rubripes, a large dabbling duck in the family Anatidae.

American cliff swallow American cliff swallows n
jaskółka rdzawoszyja
Petrochelidon pyrrhonota, a member of the passerine bird family Hirundinidae.

American football n
futbol amerykański futbol
A game similar to rugby football played on a field of 100 yards long and 53 1/3 yards wide (with two 10 yard-long endzones) in which two teams of 11 players attempt to get an ovoid ball into each other's territory.

American foulbrood n
zgnilec amerykański
A highly contagious and destructive disease of bees caused by the spore-forming bacterium Paenibacillus larvae.

American mink American mink American minks n
norka amerykańska wizon wizon amerykański
(uncountable) A species of small mustelid, Mustela vison, that lives near water.

American robin American robins n
drozd wędrowny
A New World passerine bird; Turdus migratorius.

American studies n
amerykanistyka
(humanities) an interdisciplinary field dealing with the study of the Americas, with a historical emphasis upon the United States, It traditionally incorporating the study of history, literature, and critical theory, but also includes fields as diverse as law, art, the media, film, religious studies, urban studies, women's studies, gender studies, anthropology, sociology, foreign policy and culture of the United States, among others

American sweetgum American sweetgums n
ambrowiec amerykański
A deciduous tree native to warm temperate areas of eastern North America, Liquidambar styraciflua.

American tree sparrow American tree sparrows n
spizela drzewna
Spizelloides arborea, a passerine bird in the passerine family Passerellidae.

American wigeon American wigeons n
świstun amerykański
A species of duck, Anas americana.

Americana /əˌmɛɹɪˈkeɪnə/ /əˌmɛɹɪˈkænə/ /əˌmɛɹɪˈkɑːnə/ n
amerykańszczyzna
All things peculiar to the United States' culture and people, anything that is a symbol of American life.

Americanisation Americanisations n
amerykanizacja
(British spelling) The process of Americanising.

Americanism Americanisms n
amerykanizm
A custom peculiar to the United States or the Americans.
A word, phrase or linguistic feature originating from or specific to American English usage.

Americanist Americanists n
amerykanista amerykanistka
An expert in the study of America.

Americanistic adj
amerykanistyczny
Relating to the academic discipline of American studies

Americanize v
amerykanizować zamerykanizować
(US, Canada) To render American; to adapt to the custom, culture, or style of the United States of America.

Americanness /əˈmɛɹəkənəs/ /əˈmɛɹɪkənəs/ Americannesses n
amerykańskość
The quality or characteristic of being American.

Americas /əˈmɛɹəkəz/ pn
Ameryka
North America and South America taken together; that is, North America, Central America, and South America taken together.

Americophilic more Americophilic most Americophilic adj
proamerykański

Amharic /æmˈhæɹɪk/ pn
amharski język amharski
A Semitic language spoken in Ethiopia.

Amman /ɑːˈmɑːn/ /əˈmɑːn/ pn
Amman
TemplateParserError:LuaError around the capital.

Amorgos pn
Amorgos
A town, the capital of the island of that name.

Amorite /ˈæ.məˌɹaɪt/ /ˈæ.mɚˌaɪt/ [ˈɛə̯mɚ.ʌɪ̯t̚] Amorites n
Amoryta Amorytka
A member of an ancient Semitic people who lived to the west of the Euphrates.

Amos /ˈeɪ.məs/ pn
Księga Amosa Amos
A book of the Old Testament and the Hebrew Tanakh.

Amphitrite /ˌæm.fɪˈtɹaɪ.ti/ pn
Amfitryta
(Greek god) A nymph, the wife of Poseidon.

Amphitryon Amphitryons n
amfitrion

Amsterdam /ˈæmstəɹˌdæm/ /ˌæmstəˈdæm/ pn
Amsterdam
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Amu Darya /ˌɑːmuːˈdɑːɹɪə/ pn
Amu-daria
A major river in Central Asia flowing across the border of Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan parallel to Syr Darya and into the Aral Sea. Known in classical times as Oxus.

Amur pn
Amur
TemplateParserError:LuaError, emptying into the Pacific Ocean through the Strait of Tartary, where the mouth of the river faces the northern end of the island of Sakhalin.

Amur falcon Amur falcons n
kobczyk amurski
Falco amurensis, a small raptor of the falcon family.

Amvrosiivka pn
Amwrosijiwka
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Anabaptism /ænəˈbæptɪzm/ Anabaptisms n
anabaptyzm
The doctrine espoused by Anabaptists.

Anabaptist more Anabaptist most Anabaptist adj
anabaptystyczny
Relating to Anabaptism or the Anabaptists during the Protestant Reformation.

Anabaptist Anabaptists n
anabaptysta anabaptystka
A member of a radical wing of Christians during the Protestant Reformation, with a tenet of adult baptism.

Anafi pn
Anafi
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Anah pn
Ana

Ananiv pn
Ananiów Anańjiw
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Anansi pn
Anansi
A trickster spider (though sometimes taking human form), one of the primary characters in West African and Caribbean folklore.

Anastasia /æn.ə.ˈsteɪ.ʃi.ə/ /æn.ə.ˈsteɪ.ʃə/ /æn.ə.ˈsteɪ.ʒə/ /æn.ə.ˈstɑ.si.ə/ /æn.əˈsteɪ.ʒi.ə/ /ɑ.nə.ˈstɑ.si.ə/ /ɑ.nə.ˈstɑ.ʃə/ pn
Anastazja
A en given name.

Anastasius pn
Anastazy Anastazjusz
A en given name of mostly historical use.

Anatoli /æ.nə.ˈtoʊ.li/ /æ.nə.ˈtɑ.li/ /ˌæ.nə.ˈtɒ.li/ /ˌæ.nə.ˈtəʊ.li/ pn
Anatol
A transliteration of the Russian male given name Анато́лий (Anatólij).

Anatolia /ˌænəˈtəʊli.ə/ Anatolias pn
Anatolia
TemplateParserError:LuaError, comprising most of the modern Republic of Turkey. Bounded by the Black Sea to the north, the Armenian Highland to the east, the Mediterranean Sea to the south and the Aegean Sea to the west.

Anatolian /anəˈtəʊlɪən/ /ænəˈtoʊliən/ adj
anatolijski
Of or pertaining to Anatolia or its people, culture, etc.

Anatolian /anəˈtəʊlɪən/ /ænəˈtoʊliən/ Anatolians n
Anatolijka Anatolijczyk
A native or inhabitant of Anatolia.

Anatolius pn
Anatol
A en given name (though its cognates are common given names in Eastern Europe).

Ancien Régime pn
Ancien Régime
(historical) The aristocratic social and political system established in France under the Valois and Bourbon dynasties, overthrown by the French Revolution of 1789.

Ancient Greece pn
Starożytna Grecja
The civilization that flourished around the Mediterranean Sea from the 3rd millennium to the 1st century BCE (including the first two European civilizations, Minoan and Mycenaean), known as the cradle of Western civilization.

Ancient Greek pn
starożytna greka starogrecki
Any of the various forms of the Greek language of classical antiquity, particularly the classical Attic dialect used in Athenian literature.

Ancient Rome pn
Starożytny Rzym
The civilization associated with Rome from the 9th century BCE to the 5th century C.E. and the Roman Empire centered on it.

Andalusia /ˌændəluːˈsiːə/ /ˌændəˈluːsi.ə/ /ˌændəˈluːzi.ə/ /ˌændəˈluːʃə/ /ˌændəˈluːʒə/ pn
Andaluzja
The most populated and second largest of the seventeen autonomous communities that constitute Spain, whose capital is Seville.

Andaman Sea pn
Morze Andamańskie
Part of the Indian Ocean, to the southeast of the Bay of Bengal, south of Burma (Myanmar), west of Thailand, north-west of the Malay Peninsula, north of Sumatra, and east of the Andaman Islands.

Andean /ænˈdiː.ən/ /ˈæn.di.ən/ adj
andyjski
Of or pertaining to the Andes mountains in South America.

Anderson /ˈæn.dɚ.sən/ Andersons pn
Andrzejewicz
(countable) A Scottish surname originating as a patronymic.

Andes /ˈæn.diːz/ pn
Andy
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Andijan pn
Andiżan

Andorra /ænˈdoɹ.ə/ /ænˈdɔː.ɹə/ [ænˈdo̞ɹ.ə] pn
Andora
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Andorra la Vella /ænˈdɔː.ɹə lə ˈveɪl.jə/ /ˈveɪ.ə/ /ˈvɛl.jə/ pn
Andorra Andora
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Andorran /ænˈdɔːɹən/ adj
andorski
Of, from, or pertaining to Andorra, the Andorran people.

Andorran /ænˈdɔːɹən/ Andorrans n
Andorczyk Andorka
A person from Andorra or of Andorran descent.

Andrew /ˈæn.dɹuː/ [ˈeᵊnˌd̠ɹ̠˔ʷʊ̈u] [ˈænˌd̠ɹ̠ʷ˔ʊ̈u] Andrews pn
Andrzej Jędrzej
(countable) A en given name.
Andrzej
The first Apostle in the New Testament.

Andromache /ænˈdɹɒməki/ pn
Andromacha
(Greek mythology) the wife of Hector

Andromeda /ænˈdɹɑmɪdə/ /ænˈdɹɒmɪdə/ pn
Andromeda
(Greek mythology) The daughter of Cepheus and Cassiopeia, king and queen of Eritrea, rescued from her sacrifice to the sea monster Cetus by Perseus, who married her; mother of Perses, ancient king of Persia.
(constellation) A constellation of the northern sky representing the "chained woman" Andromeda in Greek mythology, which is surrounded by the constellations of Cassiopeia, Perseus, and Pegasus, among others.
(galaxy) The nearest spiral galaxy to the Milky Way, located within the Andromeda constellation (see Andromeda Galaxy); M31.

Andromeda Galaxy pn
Galaktyka Andromedy

Andrushivka pn
Andruszówka
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Andøya pn
Andøya
TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Angara pn
Angara
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Angelus Angeluses n
Anioł Pański
A Christian devotion in memory of the Incarnation.

Angevin more Angevin most Angevin adj
andegaweński
Of or pertaining to Anjou (province and House)

Angevin Angevins n
Andegawenka Andegaweńczyk
A native or resident of Anjou

Angkor Wat /ˈɑŋ.kɔɹ ˈwɑt/ pn
Angkor Wat
A complex of temples in Cambodia.

Angle /ˈæŋ.ɡəl/ Angles n
Angl
(historical) A member of a Germanic tribe first mentioned by Tacitus, one of several which invaded Britain and merged to become the Anglo-Saxons; an Anglian.

Anglia pn
Anglia
TemplateParserError:LuaError, more properly called East Anglia.

Anglican /ˈæŋ.ɡlɪ.kən/ more Anglican most Anglican adj
anglikański
Relating to the Church of England, or one of several related churches, such as those in the Anglican Communion.

Anglican /ˈæŋ.ɡlɪ.kən/ Anglicans n
anglikanin anglikanka
a member of an Anglican church

Anglican Communion pn
Wspólnota Anglikańska
A worldwide network of Churches that are are in communion with the Church of England as represented by the Archbishop of Canterbury

Anglicanism Anglicanisms n
anglikanizm
The beliefs and practices of the Anglican Church.

Anglicist Anglicists n
anglista anglistka
Expert on English studies.

Anglo- /ˈæŋ.ɡləʊ/ prefix
anglo-
A combining form relating to the English or British people, culture, or livestock.

Anglo-Egyptian Sudan /ˌæŋɡləʊ ɪˌdʒɪpʃən suːˈdɑːn/ pn
Sudan Anglo-Egipski
Sudan, during the time when it was ruled jointly by Egypt and the United Kingdom, from 1899 until Sudan became independent in 1956.

Anglo-Saxon /ˌæŋ.ɡloʊˈsæk.sən/ /ˌæŋ.ɡləʊˈsæk.sən/ more Anglo-Saxon most Anglo-Saxon adj
anglosaski
Related to the Anglo-Saxon peoples or language.

Anglo-Saxon /ˌæŋ.ɡloʊˈsæk.sən/ /ˌæŋ.ɡləʊˈsæk.sən/ Anglo-Saxons n
Anglosas
A member of the Germanic peoples who settled in England during the early fifth century.

Anglomania Anglomanias n
anglomania
Exaggerated enthusiasm for anything English.

Anglomaniac Anglomaniacs n
angloman
One affected with Anglomania; one who loves England or English people or things.

Anglophile Anglophiles n
anglofil angloman
A person who loves or admires the country, culture or people of England. [from the 19th c.]

Anglophilia /ˌæŋ.ɡləʊˈfɪ.li.ə/ n
anglofilia anglofilizm anglofilstwo
The love of the country, culture or people of England.

Anglophilic /ˌæŋ.ɡlə.ˈfɪ.lɪk/ adj
anglofilski
Exhibiting Anglophilia; fond of what is English.

Anglophobe /ˈaŋ.ɡlə(ʊ).fəʊb/ Anglophobes n
anglofob
A person who dislikes or fears England, its people or anything English.

Anglophobia n
anglofobia
The hatred or fear of England and anything English (or British).

Anglophone /ˈæŋɡləˌfəʊn/ adj
angielskojęzyczny anglojęzyczny
English-speaking

Anglophone /ˈæŋɡləˌfəʊn/ Anglophones n
anglofon
One who speaks English.

Angola /æŋˈɡoʊlə/ /æŋˈɡəʊlə/ Angolas n
Angola
Synonym of angora (cat).

Angolan /æŋˈɡoʊlən/ adj
angolski
Of, from, or pertaining to Angola or the Angolan people.

Angolan /æŋˈɡoʊlən/ Angolans n
Angolczyk Angolka
A person from Angola or of Angolan descent.

Angrapa pn
Węgorapa
A river in Poland and Russia.

Anguilla /æŋˈɡwɪ.lə/ pn
Anguilla
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Ani pn
Ani
a ruined medieval Armenian city-site in the Turkish province of Kars near the border with Armenia.

Anita /əˈniːtə/ pn
Anita
A en given name.

Anjou /ˈɒnʒuː/ pn
Andegawenia
(historical) A former county, duchy and province in the northwest of modern-day France.

Ankara /ˈæŋ.kə.ɹə/ pn
Ankara
TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Ann /eən/ /æn/ pn
Anna
A en given name.

Anna's hummingbird Anna's hummingbirds n
koliberek żarogłowy

Annas pn
Annasz
(biblical) A Jewish high priest known for having four sons and a son-in-law (Caiaphas) succeed him in his lifetime; and for cooperating with Caiaphas to have Jesus Christ crucified.

Annette /əˈnɛt/ Annettes pn
Aneta
A en given name.

Anno Domini adv
Anno Domini
In the year of our Lord (often abbreviated A.D. or AD).

Anointing of the Sick pn
namaszczenie chorych ostatnie namaszczenie
A Catholic sacrament in which a priest anoints a sick or dying person with oil and prays for his salvation.

Anschluss /ˈan.ʃlʊs/ n
Anschluss anszlus
(historical) Political annexation, specifically that of Austria into Nazi Germany in 1938. [from 1920s]

Anselm /ˈanˌsɛlm/ /ˈænˌsɛlm/ [ˈænˌsɛlm] pn
Anzelm
A en given name; quite rare in English.

Antabuse Antabuses n
antabus
Disulfiram, prescribed to recovering alcoholics.

Antaeus pn
Antajos Anteusz
(Greek mythology) The son of Poseidon and Gaea.

Antananarivo pn
Antananarywa
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Antarctic /ænˈtɑɹ(k)tɪk/ /ænˈtɑː(k)tɪk/ more Antarctic most Antarctic adj
antarktyczny antarktydzki
Of, from, or pertaining to Antarctica and the south polar regions.

Antarctic /ænˈtɑɹ(k)tɪk/ /ænˈtɑː(k)tɪk/ pn
Antarktyka
One of the major ecozones of the world, covering the south polar regions.

Antarctic Circle pn
koło podbiegunowe południowe
(geography) The line which marks approximately the northernmost place in the Southern Hemisphere where the sun does not set on the summer solstice and does not rise on the winter solstice.

Antarctic Peninsula pn
Półwysep Antarktyczny
The northernmost part of the mainland of Antarctica.

Antarctica /enˈtɐːktɪkə/ /ænˈtɑɹ(k)tɪkə/ /ˌænˈtɑː(k)tɪkə/ /ˌænˈɑːtɪkə/ [æˈɾ̃ɑɹɾɪkə] pn
Antarktyda
The southernmost continent, south of the Southern Ocean, containing the South Pole.

Antares pn
Antares
(star) Alpha Scorpii (α Sco), the brightest star in the constellation Scorpius. It is a M type red giant, and is a binary with a B type companion visible in greenish.

Anthony /ˈæn.tə.ni/ /ˈæn.θə.ni/ pn
Antoni Antek
A en given name, in regular use since the Middle Ages.

Anthropocene /ænˈθɹɑp.əˌsin/ /ˈæn.θɹə.pəˌsin/ /ˈæn.θɹə.pəˌsiːn/ pn
antropocen
(geology) The proposed current geological epoch, in which the effect of human activities on the global environment have disrupted the natural variability of the Holocene. [from 1960s]

Anthropozoic adj
antropozoiczny

Antichrist pn
Antychryst
(Christianity, Islam) The false messiah who, under direct control of the Devil, will lead the abomination in the end times.

Antifa /ænˈtiːfə/ /ˈæntifɑː/ pn
Antifa
(politics) A decentralized, radical political movement that opposes fascism.

Antigua and Barbuda /ænˌti.ɡ(w)ə ənd bɑɹˈbju.də/ /ænˌtiː.ɡə ən(d) bɑːˈbjuː.də/ pn
Antigua i Barbuda
TemplateParserError:LuaError, consisting of the islands of Antigua and Barbuda.

Antiguan /ænˈtiːɡən/ more Antiguan most Antiguan adj
antiguański
Of, from, or pertaining to Antigua, or the Antiguan people.

Antiochian /ˌæntiˈoʊkiən/ /ˌæntiˈɑkiən/ /ˌæntiˈɒkiən/ more Antiochian most Antiochian adj
antiocheński
Of or pertaining to ancient Antioch.

Antipater pn
Antypater
(historical) A Macedonian general in the time of Alexander the Great.

Antiqua Antiquas n
antykwa

Antiquity pn
starożytność
The period of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome.

Antlia pn
Pompa
(constellation) A faint winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a pump. The common English name is "Air pump".

Antonia /ænˈtəʊni.ə/ /ænˈtəʊnjə/ pn
Antonia
A en given name.

Antonina pn
Antonina
A en given name of mainly historical use English.

Antonovka Antonovkas n
Antonówka antonówka
An apple cultivar, noted for a strong acidic flavour and ability to sustain harsh winters.

Antratsyt pn
Antracyt
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Antwerp /ˈæn.twɝp/ pn
Antwerpia
TemplateParserError:LuaError, the most populous.
TemplateParserError:LuaError, and the capital of its province.

Anubis pn
Anubis
(Egyptian mythology) In the mythology of ancient Egypt, the god of the dead and tombs, commonly depicted with the head of a jackal.

Aosta /ɑːˈɒstə/ pn
Aosta
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Apache /ə.ˈpæ.t͡ʃi/ Apaches n
Apacze
Any of several Athabascan-speaking peoples of the American southwest excluding Navajo, i.e., Chiricahua, Jicarilla, Lipan, Mescalero, Plains Apache, or Western Apache.
Apacz Apacze Apaczka
A person belonging to an Apache people.

Apennine /ˈæpənaɪn/ adj
apeniński
Of or pertaining to the Apennines

Aphrodite /æfɹoʊˈdaɪti/ /æfɹəˈdaɪti/ pn
Afrodyta
(Greek god) The goddess of beauty and love, born when Cronus castrated his father, Uranus, and threw his genitalia into the sea. Her Roman counterpart is Venus.

Apia pn
Apia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Apocalypse /əˈpɑkəlɪps/ /əˈpɒkəlɪps/ Apocalypses pn
apokalipsa Apokalipsa Świętego Jana
(countable, biblical) The written account of a revelation of hidden things given by God to a chosen prophet.
Apokalipsa Apokalipsa Świętego Jana
(Christianity) Revelation (last book of the Bible, composed of twenty-two chapters, which narrates the end of times)

Apocrypha pn
apokryf
That group of works which formed part of the Septuagint, but not of the Hebrew canon recognized by the Jews, and which is considered by some Christians to form an authentic part of Scripture, but which is rejected by others (namely by Protestants).

Apollo /əˈpɑloʊ/ /əˈpɒləʊ/ pn
Apollo
(Greek god, Roman god) The son of Zeus and Leto (or Jupiter and Latona), and the twin brother of Artemis (or Diana). He was the god of light, music, medicine, and poetry; and prophecy, dance, manly beauty, and more.
apollo
A very handsome young man.

Apollonia pn
Apolonia
A en given name.

Apostle Apostles n
apostoł
(Christianity) Any of the group of twelve disciples chosen by Jesus to preach and spread the Gospel.

Apostles' Creed pn
Skład Apostolski Symbol Apostolski
(Christianity) A statement of Christian belief, traditionally ascribed to the twelve Apostles of Jesus.

Apostolove pn
Apostołowo
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

April /ˈeɪ.pɹaɪl/ /ˈeɪ.pɹəl/ /ˈeɪ.pɹɪl/ Aprils pn
kwiecień
The fourth month of the Gregorian calendar, following March and preceding May. Abbreviation: Apr or Apr.

April Fools' Day April Fools' Days n
prima aprilis
The first day in April, when tricks and practical jokes are traditionally played

April fool April fools n
prank primaaprilisowy
A practical joke played on April Fools' Day.

Aptian pn
apt
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Early (Lower) Cretaceous epoch.

Apuleius /ˌæpjuˈli.əs/ pn
Apulejusz
An author in the Roman Empire, Lucius Apuleius Madaurensis.

Apulia pn
Apulia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Apulian /əˈpuːliːən/ adj
apulijski
Of or pertaining to Apulia.

Apulian /əˈpuːliːən/ Apulians n
Apulijczyk Apulijka
An inhabitant or a resident of Apulia.

Apus /ˈeɪpəs/ pn
Ptak Rajski
(constellation) A constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a bird of paradise.

Aquarius /əˈkwɛə.ɹɪ.əs/ /əˈkwɛɚ.i.əs/ pn
Wodnik
(zodiac constellations) A constellation of the zodiac, supposedly shaped like a water carrier.
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the water carrier, ruled by Uranus covering January 20 – February 18 (tropical astrology) or February 15 – March 14 (sidereal astrology).

Aquila /ˈækwələ/ /ˈækwɪlə/ /ˈɑːkwələ/ pn
Orzeł
(constellation) A summer constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble an eagle. It includes the star Altair.

Aquitaine /ˈækwɪteɪn/ /ˌækwɪˈteɪn/ pn
Akwitania
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Aquitanian more Aquitanian most Aquitanian adj
akwitański
Of or pertaining to Aquitania or Aquitaine
(geology) of or pertaining to the Aquitanian Age, in the Miocene epoch.

Ara /ˈeɪ.ɹə/ /ˈɛɹ.ə/ pn
Ołtarz
(constellation) A constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble an altar.

Arab /ˈeɪ.ɹæb/ /ˈæɹ.əb/ /ˈɛɹ.əb/ adj
arabski
Of or pertaining to Arabs and their nations.

Arab /ˈeɪ.ɹæb/ /ˈæɹ.əb/ /ˈɛɹ.əb/ Arabs n
Arab Arabka Arabus
A Semitic person, whose forebears were from the Arabian Peninsula
arab Arab
An Arabian horse.

Arab Republic of Egypt pn
Arabska Republika Egiptu
The official name of the country of Egypt.

Arab Spring pn
Arabska wiosna
The pro-democracy movement spreading across North Africa and the Middle East from 2010 to 2012.

Arab World pn
świat arabski
(as a minimum) Those Arabic-speaking independent states where Arabic is the main official and spoken language.

Arabia /əˈɹeɪbiə/ pn
Arabia Półwysep Arabski
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
(broader sense) TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Arabian /əˈɹeɪ.bi.ən/ more Arabian most Arabian adj
arabski
Related to Arabia.

Arabian /əˈɹeɪ.bi.ən/ Arabians n
Arab arabus
A native of Arabia.
Arab arab arabus
An Arabian horse.

Arabian Peninsula pn
Półwysep Arabski
TemplateParserError:LuaError, bordered by Jordan, the Syrian desert and Iraq to the north, the Persian Gulf to the northeast, the Gulf of Oman to the east, the Arabian Sea (part of the Indian Ocean) to the south (southeast), the Gulf of Aden to the south, the Red Sea to the west (southwest) extending north into the Gulf of Aqaba, and north along the Red Sea Rift to the Mediterranean Sea on the west (northwest). It consists mainly of Saudi Arabia, and may be geologically defined as the Arabian plate, also as the Arabian subcontinent.

Arabian Sea pn
Morze Arabskie
TemplateParserError:LuaError located between India, the Arabian Peninsula, and the Socotra Passage.

Arabian jasmine Arabian jasmines n
dzielżamin wielkolistny jaśmin sambac jaśmin sambak jaśmin wielkolistny
A shrubby vine with flowers whose fragrance is used for perfume and flavoring (Jasminum sambac), the jasmine used to make jasmine tea.

Arabian oryx Arabian oryx Arabian oryxes n
oryks arabski
An oryx of species Oryx leucoryx.

Arabic /ˈæ.ɹə.bɪk/ /ˈæɹ.ə.bɪk/ /ˈɛɹ.ə.bɪk/ adj
arabski
Of, from, or pertaining to Arab countries or cultural behaviour (see also Arab as an adjective).

Arabic /ˈæ.ɹə.bɪk/ /ˈæɹ.ə.bɪk/ /ˈɛɹ.ə.bɪk/ pn
arabski arabszczyzna
The Aramaic-derived alphabet used to write the Arabic, Persian, Pashto, Urdu, and Uyghur languages, among others.

Arabic numeral Arabic numerals n
cyfra arabska
(arithmetic) Any of the ten symbols 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 used to represent numbers.

Arabically more Arabically most Arabically adv
arabsko
In an Arabic fashion.

Arabism Arabisms n
arabizm
An idiom characteristic of the Arabic language.

Arabist /ˈaɹəbɪst/ Arabists n
arabista arabistka
(anthropology, linguistics) A scholar who studies Arab or Arabic culture, politics, or language. [from 17th c.]

Arabophone adj
arabskojęzyczny

Arad pn
Arad
TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Arafura Sea pn
Morze Arafura
A sea lying directly north of Arnhem Land and south of West Papua.

Aragon /ˈæɹəɡən/ /ˈɛɹəɡɑn/ pn
Aragonia
A river in this part of Spain.

Aragonese /ˌærəɡɒˈniːz/ adj
aragoński
Of, from, or pertaining to Aragon, the Aragonese people or the Aragonese language.

Aral Sea /ˈɑːɹəl siː/ pn
Jezioro Aralskie
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Aramaean /æ.ɹəˈmiː.ən/ /æɹ.əˈmiː.ən/ /ɛɹ.əˈmiː.ən/ Aramaeans n
Aramejczyk
Any member of a West Semitic semi-nomadic and pastoralist people who lived in the Levant and later also in upper Mesopotamia (Biblical Aram) during the Late Bronze Age and the Iron Age. They spoke Aramaic.

Aramaic /ˌæ.ɹə.ˈmeɪ.ɪk/ /ˌæɹ.ə.ˈmeɪ.ɪk/ /ˌɛɹ.ə.ˈmeɪ.ɪk/ adj
aramejski
Referring to the Aramaic language, alphabet, culture or poetry.

Aramaic /ˌæ.ɹə.ˈmeɪ.ɪk/ /ˌæɹ.ə.ˈmeɪ.ɪk/ /ˌɛɹ.ə.ˈmeɪ.ɪk/ pn
aramejski
The language of the Aramaeans from the tenth century BC: often called Old Aramaic.

Ararat /ˈæɹəˌɹæt/ pn
Ararat
TemplateParserError:LuaError, named after a local Mount Ararat.

Arbil pn
Irbil
TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Arbëresh /ˌɑːbəˈɹɛʃ/ pn
arbaryjski
The form of the Albanian language spoken by the Arbëreshë people in southern Italy.

Arc de Triomphe pn
Łuk Triumfalny
A war monument in Paris, France, designed by Jean Chalgrin in 1806, started in 1808 and inaugurated in 1836.

Arcadia /ɑɹˈkeɪ.di.ə/ /ɑːˈkeɪ.dɪ.ə/ Arcadias n
Arkadia
(figurative) An ideal region of rural and idyllic contentment; a pastoral utopia.

Arcadius pn
Arkadiusz
A en given name, of mostly historical use. Seen slightly more commonly as Arcade, from French.

Archaean /ɑɹˈkiːən/ /ɑːˈkiːən/ pn
archaik
(geology) The eon from 2,500 Ma to 4,000 Ma.

Archaeozoic adj
archeozoiczny
(geology) Of or pertaining to the Archaeozoic.

Archaeozoic pn
archeozoik
(geology) Period of time determined to exist prior to 2.5 thousand million years ago.

Archilochus pn
Archiloch
An Ancient Greek name, particularly borne by a 7th century Archaic or a Classical Greek poet.

Archimedes /ɐ.ˈkɪ.mi.diːz/ /ˌɑɹ.kəˈmiː.diːz/ /ˌɑːkɪˈmiːdiːz/ /ˌɑːɹkɪˈmiːdiːz/ pn
Archimedes
An Ancient Greek mathematician, physicist and engineer (c. 287–212 BCE).

Archimedes' screw Archimedes' screws n
śruba Archimedesa
(engineering) A screwlike device invented by Greek mathematician Archimedes, ca. 200 B.C.E., which when twisted inside a cylinder, raises water from a lower level to a higher level, allowing irrigation of fields.

Arctic /ˈɑɹ(k)tɪk/ /ˈɑː(k)tɪk/ adj
arktyczny
(geography) Pertaining to the northern polar region of the planet, characterised by extreme cold and an icy landscape. [from 16th c.]
Extremely cold, snowy, or having other properties of extreme winter associated with the Arctic. [from 16th c.]

Arctic /ˈɑɹ(k)tɪk/ /ˈɑː(k)tɪk/ pn
Arktyka
(geography) The region of the Earth above the Arctic Circle, containing the North Pole. [from 17th c.]

Arctic Ocean pn
Ocean Arktyczny
The smallest of the five oceans of the Earth, on and around the North Pole, bordered by the three continents of Asia, Europe and North America.

Arctic cod Arctic cod Arctic cods n
dorsz arktyczny dorszyk polarny
A gadiform fish of northeast Atlantic (Arctogadus glacialis).

Arctic warbler Arctic warblers n
świstunka północna
Phylloscopus borealis, a widespread leaf warbler in birch or mixed birch forest near water throughout its breeding range in Fennoscandia and northern Asia

Arcturus /ɑɹkˈtjʊəɹəs/ pn
Arktur
(star) A bright yellow-orange star in the constellation Boötes; Alpha (α) Boötis. It is the fourth-brightest star in the night sky.

Area 51 pn
Strefa 51
(informal, US, military, aviation, research, espionage, ufology) TemplateParserError:LuaError. It is the subject of conspiracy theories claiming it is where the US government hides extra-planetary alien visitors.

Areopagite /æɹiːˈɒpəɡaɪt/ Areopagites n
areopagita
(Ancient Greek, _, history) A member of the ancient-Athenian conciliary court of the Areopagus.

Areopagus /æriˈɒpəɡəs/ pn
areopag
(Ancient Greece) The supreme judicial and legislative council of ancient Athens.

Ares /ˈeəɹiːz/ pn
Ares
(Greek god) The Greek god of war, considered equivalent to the Roman Mars and usually described as a son of Zeus and Hera, companion of Eris and Enyo, and by Aphrodite father of Deimos and Phobos.

Argand lamp Argand lamps n
kinkiet
(now, historical) A type of oil lamp with a circular hollow wick and glass chimney which allow a current of air both inside and outside of the flame.

Argentina /ˌɑɹ.d͡ʒən.ˈti.nə/ /ˌɑː.d͡ʒən.ˈtiː.nə/ pn
Argentyna
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Argentine /ˈɑː.dʒən.taɪn/ /ˈɑː.dʒən.tiːn/ adj
argentyński
Of, from, or pertaining to Argentina or its people.

Argentine /ˈɑː.dʒən.taɪn/ /ˈɑː.dʒən.tiːn/ Argentines n
Argentyńczyk Argentynka
A citizen or descendant abroad of Argentina.
(dance) Short for Argentine tango.

Argentine Republic pn
Republika Argentyńska
The official name of Argentina.

Argeș pn
Ardżesz

Argo pn
Argo
(Greek mythology) The ship in which Jason and the Argonauts sailed on their quest for the Golden Fleece.

Argo Navis pn
Okręt Argo
(constellation) : A former constellation of the southern sky, said to represent the mythical ship Argo. In 1763, it was divided into the three new constellations: Carina (keel), Puppis (stern), and Vela (sail).

Argonaut /ˈɑːrɡənɔːt/ pn
Argonauta
(Greek mythology) One of the members of the Argo who sailed with Jason in search of the Golden Fleece.

Argos Argoses pn
Argos
(Greek mythology) The dog of Odysseus in Homer's Odyssey.

Argus /ˈɑːɡəs/ pn
Argus
(Greek mythology) A mythical being, also called Argos or Argus Panoptes, with many eyes, a watchman who served Hera; his eyes were later transplanted to the peacock's tail.

Argus-eyed adj
argusowe oko
ever vigilant

Ariadne /ˈæ.ɹiˌæd.ni/ /ˌæ.ɹiˈæd.ni/ Ariadnes pn
Ariadna
(Greek mythology) The daughter of King Minos of Crete and his queen, Pasiphae.

Arian /ˈɛəɹi.ən/ adj
ariański
(Christianity) Of or pertaining to Arius or Arianism.

Arian /ˈɛəɹi.ən/ Arians n
arianin arianka
(Christianity) A believer of Arianism, particularly (historical) the official Arian churches lasting to the 7th century.

Arianism /ˈɛəɹɪənɪzəm/ n
arianizm antytrynitaryzm ariaństwo
(Christianity) A Christological doctrine, condemned as heretical by the Council of Nicaea, which holds that Jesus was created by God, rather than being God himself.

Aries /ˈɛə.ɹiːz/ /ˈɛɚ.iz/ Aries n
Baran
Someone with an Aries star sign.

Aries /ˈɛə.ɹiːz/ /ˈɛɚ.iz/ pn
Baran
(zodiac constellations) A constellation of the zodiac supposedly shaped like a ram.
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the ram, ruled by Mars and covering March 20 – April 20 (tropical astrology) or April 15 – May 15 (sidereal astrology).

Aristotelian /ˌæɹɪstəˈtiːliən/ adj
arystotelesowy arystotelesowski arystoteliczny
Of or pertaining to Aristotle, or his philosophy, logic, or followers.

Aristotelian /ˌæɹɪstəˈtiːliən/ Aristotelians n
arystotelik
A disciple of Aristotle (for ancient Greek disciples, see peripatetic; for medieval Christian ones, see scholastic)

Aristotelianism pn
arystotelizm
(philosophy) The philosophical system of Aristotle (384 BCE – 322 BCE) and his followers.

Aristotle /ˈæɹɪˌstɑtəl/ /ˈæɹɪˌstɒtəl/ /ˈɛɹɪˌstɑtəl/ [ˈæɹɪˌstɑɾɫ̩] [ˈæɹɪˌstɒtᵊɫ̩] [ˈɛɹɪˌstɑɾɫ̩] pn
Arystoteles
An ancient Greek philosopher, logician, and scientist (382–322 BCE), student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great.

Arizona /ˌæɹɪˈzoʊnə/ /ˌæɹɪˈzəʊnə/ /ˌɛɹɪˈzoʊnə/ pn
Arizona
(historical) A territory of the southwest Confederate (1862–1865) and United States of America (1863–1912), with its capitals at Tucson, Prescott, and Phoenix.

Arizonan adj
arizoński
Of or pertaining to Arizona or its culture.

Ark of the Covenant pn
Arka Przymierza
(Judaism, Christianity, Islam) The sacred container, a gold-plated wooden chest, of the two tablets of law (the Ten Commandments) given to Moses by the Hebrew God.

Arkansas /-ɑ/ /ɑɹˈkæn.zəs/ /ˈɑɹ.kənˌsɔ/ pn
Arkansas
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Arkhangelsk pn
Archangielsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError, on the White Sea.

Armageddon /-ˈɡɛ.dən/ /ˌɑɹ.məˈɡɛ.dn̩/ /ˌɑː(ɹ).məˈɡɛ.dn̩/ pn
Armagedon
(Christianity, Islam) Mount Megiddo, the site of a prophesied final battle between the forces of good and evil.

Armagnac Armagnacs n
armaniak
A brandy made in the region of Armagnac.

Armenia /ɑɹˈmi.ni.ə/ /ɑːˈmiː.ni.ə/ pn
Armenia
(historical) Ancient kingdom in the Armenian Highland southeast of Black Sea and southwest of Caspian Sea; area now divided between Turkey, Republic of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and Iran.

Armenian /ɑɹˈmini.ən/ /ɑːˈmiːni.ən/ adj
ormiański armeński
Of, from, or pertaining to Armenia, the Armenian people, the Armenian language, or the Armenian alphabet.

Armenian /ɑɹˈmini.ən/ /ɑːˈmiːni.ən/ Armenians n
Armeńczyk Armenka Ormianin Ormianka
(countable) A person from Armenia or of Armenian descent.

Armenian /ɑɹˈmini.ən/ /ɑːˈmiːni.ən/ pn
ormiański armeński
(uncountable) A branch of Indo-European languages, which includes the various stages of the Armenian language.

Armenian Highland pn
Wyżyna Armeńska
A plateau in the north of Western Asia, connecting the Lesser Caucasus with the Taurus Mountains. Total area: about 400,000 km². Average elevation: 1500 to 2000 metres, highest point: Mount Ararat. The area lies mostly in eastern Turkey; also includes the whole of modern Armenia, southern Georgia, western Azerbaijan, northwestern Iran, Nakhichevan and Nagorno-Karabakh.

Armenian SSR pn
Armeńska SSR
One of the 15 Soviet Socialist Republics that made up the former Soviet Union (1920-1991, name changed in 1990). Became independent as the Republic of Armenia in 1991, after the collapse of the USSR.

Armiansk pn
Armiańsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Arminian Arminians n
arminianin
(Protestantism) A person who follows the soteriological doctrine of the Dutch theologian Jacobus Arminius that people are able to choose to resist or accept divine grace and therefore faith and salvation through free will.

Arminianism n
arminianizm
(Christianity) A school of thought within Protestantism based on the theological ideas of Jacobus Arminius.

Armorica /ɑːˈmɒɹɪkə/ pn
Armoryka
(historical) The north-western part of ancient Gaul, corresponding to modern Brittany.

Aromanian /æɹoʊˈmeɪniən/ /æɹəʊˈmeɪnɪən/ Aromanians n
Arumun Arumunka
A member of the people living throughout the southern Balkans, especially in northern Greece, southern and central Albania, parts of North Macedonia, southwestern Bulgaria and Serbia; they are a subgroup of Vlachs.

Art Deco /ɑːɹ(t) ˈdɛkəʊ/ pn
art déco
A style of decorative art and architecture originating in the 1920s and 1930s, characterized by bold geometric forms and simple composition.

Art Nouveau pn
secesja
A decorative style of art and architecture that especially used the sinuous and flowing lines of plants.

Artaxerxes /ˌɑːtə(ɡ)ˈzɜːksiːz/ Artaxerxeses pn
Artakserkses
(historical) The name of several Achaemenid kings of Persia.

Artemis /ˈɑɹtəmɪs/ pn
Artemida
(Greek god) The Greek goddess of the hunt, wild animals, and wilderness; the daughter of Leto and Zeus; the sister of Apollo. (Compare Diana.)

Arthur /ˈɑɹθɚ/ /ˈɑːɹtəɹ/ /ˈɑːθə(ɹ)/ pn
Artur
A en given name.

Arthurian more Arthurian most Arthurian adj
arturiański
Of or pertaining to the legend of Arthur, king of the Britons, and his court at Camelot.

Artinskian pn
artinsk

Artsyz pn
Arcyz
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Aruba /əˈɹuː.bə/ pn
Aruba
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
a Meitei surname from Manipuri

Aruküla pn
Aruküla
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Aryan /ˈɑɹi.ən/ /ˈɑɹjən/ /ˈɑːjən/ /ˈɑːɹi.ən/ /ˈɛəjən/ /ˈɛəɹi.ən/ /ˈɛɹi.ən/ /ˈɛɹjən/ more Aryan most Aryan adj
aryjski
Pertaining, in racial theories, to the (alleged) Aryan master race.

Aryan /ˈɑɹi.ən/ /ˈɑɹjən/ /ˈɑːjən/ /ˈɑːɹi.ən/ /ˈɛəjən/ /ˈɛəɹi.ən/ /ˈɛɹi.ən/ /ˈɛɹjən/ Aryans n
Aryjczyk Aryjka
(theosophy, Germanic, _, mysticism, Nazism) A member of an alleged master race with no fixed definition, comprising people of Germanic descent (in the narrowest sense), or all non-Jewish Caucasians (in the broadest sense)

Arzamas pn
Arzamas
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Asa /ˈeɪ.sə/ Asas pn
Asa Aza
(Biblical) Asa of Judah, the third king of Judah mentioned in the Books of Kings who succeeded his father Abijah; the father of King Jehoshaphat. (Matthew calls him "Asaph" in Matthew 1:7.)

Ascension pn
Wniebowstąpienie
(Christianity, specifically) The believed entry of Jesus Christ into heaven after his resurrection.

Ascension Day pn
Wniebowstąpienie Pańskie Wniebowstąpienie
The fortieth day of Easter, that is the Thursday 39 days after Easter.

Asclepius /æsˈkliːpi.əs/ /əˈskliːpi.əs/ pn
Asklepios Eskulap
(Greek god) A Greek mythological deity, the god of doctors, medicine and healing; a son of Apollo and the Thessalian princess Coronis, husband to the goddess Epione and father of the Asclepiades; identified with the Roman god Aesculapius.

Ash Wednesday Ash Wednesdays n
Popielec Środa Popielcowa
(Christianity) The Wednesday 46 days before Easter in a given year, (Catholicism) traditionally observed as the beginning of Lent and a day of strict abstention from certain foods and pleasures.

Ashgabat pn
Aszchabad
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Ashkelon /ˈæʃkəlɒn/ pn
Aszkelon
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Ashkenazi /ˌæʃkɪnəˈziː/ /ˌæʃkɪˈnɑːzi/ /ˌɑːʃkɪnəˈziː/ /ˌɑːʃkɪˈnɑːzi/ more Ashkenazi most Ashkenazi adj
aszkenazyjski askenazyjski
Of or relating to Jews of Central European, particularly of German and Polish origin, and their traditions, customs, and rituals.

Ashkenazi /ˌæʃkɪnəˈziː/ /ˌæʃkɪˈnɑːzi/ /ˌɑːʃkɪnəˈziː/ /ˌɑːʃkɪˈnɑːzi/ Ashkenazim Ashkenazis n
aszkenazyjczyk askenazyjczyk askenazyjka aszkenazyjka
An Ashkenazi Jew.

Ashmiany pn
Oszmiana
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Ashoka /əˈʃoʊkə/ /əˈʃəʊkə/ pn
Aśoka
(historical) An ancient Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty who ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent from c. 268 to 232 BCE.

Ashura pn
Aszura
(Islam) A holy day falling on the 10th day of Muharram, commemorating the martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali in 680 AD.

Asia /ˈeɪ.ʃja/ /ˈeɪ.ʃə/ /ˈeɪ.ʒə/ /ˈeː.ʃja/ Asias pn
Azja
A continent located east of Europe (typically delimited by the Urals), west of the Pacific Ocean, north of Oceania and south of the Arctic Ocean.

Asia Minor pn
Azja Mniejsza
A large peninsula, mostly coterminous with Anatolia, between the Mediterranean Sea, the Aegean Sea and the Black Sea; it makes up the Asian part of Turkey.

Asia-Pacific pn
Azja-Pacyfik
(business) The part of the world in or near the western Pacific Ocean, typically including much of East Asia, Southeast Asia, and Oceania.

Asian /ˈeɪʃən/ /ˈeɪʒən/ adj
azjatycki
Of, relating to or from Asia.

Asian /ˈeɪʃən/ /ˈeɪʒən/ Asians n
Azjata Azjatka
(UK, Ireland, South Africa) A person from or with ancestry in South Asia.
(US, Canada, Australia, NZ, also International English on the Internet) A person from or with ancestry in East or Southeast Asia, occasionally South Asia.
A person from the continent of Asia, or a descendant thereof - especially:

Asian black bear Asian black bears n
niedźwiedź himalajski niedźwiedź księżycowy niedźwiedź obrożny
A bear of the species Ursus thibetanus (previously known as Selenarctos thibetanus).

Asian brown flycatcher Asian brown flycatchers n
muchołówka brunatna
Muscicapa dauurica, an Asian flycatcher.

Asian desert warbler Asian desert warblers n
pokrzewka pustynna
Sylvia nana, an Old World warbler.

Asian lion /ˈeɪʒən ˈlaɪən/ Asian lions n
lew azjatycki lew indyjski lew perski
Panthera leo persica, a subspecies of lion that inhabited Asia.

Asianness n
azjatyckość
The quality or characteristic of being Asian.

Asipovichy pn
Osipowicze

Asmodean more Asmodean most Asmodean adj
dotyczący Asmodeusza

Asparukh pn
Asparuch
the name of а ruler of Bulgars in the second half of the 7th century AD

Asperger's syndrome /ˈæspɜːdʒəz ˈsɪndɹəʊm/ /ˈæspɜːɡəz ˈsɪndɹəʊm/ /ˈæspɝɡɚz ˈsɪndɹoʊm/ n
zespół Aspergera
(dated, uncountable, neurology) An autism-related developmental disorder characterised by sustained impairment in social interaction and nonverbal communication and by repetitive behaviour as well as restricted interests and routines.

Asselian pn
assel

Assisi pn
Asyż
A city in the province Perugia in the Central-Italian region Umbria

Assumption pn
Wniebowzięcie
The Assumption of Mary, the mother of Jesus, into heaven, a Catholic dogma.
A Christian holy day of obligation (August 15) celebrating the Assumption of Mary.

Assyria /əˈsɪɹi.ə/ pn
Asyria
A Semitic Akkadian kingdom, extant from the mid-23rd century BC to 608 BC and centred on the Upper Tigris river in northern Mesopotamia (present day northern Iraq), which came to rule regional empires a number of times through history.

Assyrian /əˈsiɹi.ɪn/ adj
asyryjski
(historical) Of or pertaining to the ancient region on the Upper Tigris river, with capital city of Assur.
(historical) Of, or characteristic of, or pertaining to the ancient nation and empire, including the northern half of Mesopotamia, with capital city of Nineveh.

Assyrian /əˈsiɹi.ɪn/ Assyrians n
Asyryjczyk Asyryjka
(historical) A person who resided in the ancient region on the Upper Tigris river, with capital city of Assur.
Asyryjka Asyryjczyk
(historical) A citizen of an ancient nation and empire, including the northern half of Mesopotamia, with capital city of Nineveh.

Astana /æsˈtɑːnə/ /əsˈtɑːnə/ pn
Astana
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Asterix pn
Asteriks
A series of French comic books written by René Goscinny and illustrated by Albert Uderzo about an Ancient Gaul named Asterix.

Astrakhan /æstɹəˈkæn/ pn
Astrachań
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError, located on the Volga River.

Astravyets pn
Ostrowiec
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Asturia pn
Asturia
(history) TemplateParserError:LuaError
(archaic) Asturias

Asturian /æsˈtʊə.ɹi.ən/ /æsˈtʊɹ.i.ən/ /əˈstjʊə.ɹi.ən/ /əˈstʊɹ.i.ən/ more Asturian most Asturian adj
asturyjski
Of or pertaining to the region of Asturias in Spain.
Of or pertaining to the Asturian language.

Asturias /æsˈtʊə.ɹi.əs/ /æsˈtʊɹ.i.əs/ /əˈstjʊə.ɹi.əs/ /əˈstʊɹ.i.əs/ pn
Asturia
TemplateParserError:LuaError, on the Spanish north coast facing the Cantabrian Sea. The capital city is Oviedo.

Asura Asuras n
asura
(Hinduism) Power-seeking deities involved in constant conflict with the more benevolent Devas.

Atacama pn
Atakama
The Atacama Desert, a long desert in Chile, and the driest desert on Earth according to various sources.

Atari Ataris n
atari
(video games) An Atari video game system or computer, such as the Atari 2600 or Atari ST.

Athanasius /ˌæθəˈneɪzi.əs/ /ˌæθəˈneɪʃəs/ pn
Atanazy
An Ancient Greek en given name

Athena /əˈθiːnə/ pn
Atena
(Greek god) The goddess of wisdom, especially strategic warfare, the arts, and especially crafts, in particular, weaving; daughter of Zeus and Metis. Her Roman counterpart is Minerva.

Athenaeum /aθɪˈniːəm/ Athenaea Athenaeums n
Ateneum
(Ancient Greece) A temple primarily dedicated to Athena or her Roman equivalent Minerva, especially that of Athens.

Athenian /əˈθiː.ni.ən/ adj
ateński
Of or pertaining to Athens, Greece.
Of or pertaining to the Greek goddess Athena.

Athenian /əˈθiː.ni.ən/ Athenians n
ateńczyk atenka
An inhabitant, resident, or citizen of Athens, Greece.

Athens /ˈeɪθənz/ /ˈæθənz/ pn
Ateny
(metonym) The Greek government.

Atlanta /ætˈlæntə/ [ætˈlænə] [ætˈlæɾ̃ə] pn
Atlanta
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Atlantic /ætˈlæn.tɪk/ /ətˈlæn.tɪk/ adj
atlantycki
Pertaining to locations adjacent to or in the vicinity of the Atlantic Ocean, such as the British Isles in Northwestern Europe, or the eastern seaboard of the USA.

Atlantic Ocean /ətˈlæntɪk ˈəʊʃən/ pn
Ocean Atlantycki Atlantyk
The ocean lying between the Americas to the west and Europe and Africa to the east.

Atlantic cod Atlantic cod Atlantic cods n
dorsz dorsz atlantycki pomuchla wątłusz
A sea fish, the Gadus morhua.

Atlantic herring Atlantic herring Atlantic herrings n
śledź pospolity
Clupea harengus, an abundant species of herring and an important food fish living in the North Atlantic.

Atlantic horse mackerel Atlantic horse mackerels n
ostrobok europejski ostrobok pospolity
A jack mackerel (Trachurus trachurus), of the family Carangidae.

Atlantic puffin Atlantic puffins n
maskonur
A species of puffin (Fratercula arctica).

Atlantic salmon Atlantic salmon Atlantic salmons n
łosoś atlantycki łosoś europejski łosoś pospolity łosoś szlachetny
A species of fish of the Salmonidae family, Salmo salar.

Atlantic tomcod Atlantic tomcods n
tomkod atlantycki
A gadiform fish of the northwest Atlantic, Microgadus tomcod.

Atlantis /ətˈlæntəs/ pn
Atlantyda
A mythical country said to have sunk into the Atlantic Ocean.

Atlas /ˈætləs/ Atlases pn
Atlas
(Greek god) The son of Iapetus and Clymene, war leader of the Titans ordered by the god Zeus to support the sky on his shoulders; father to the Hesperides, the Hyades, and the Pleiades; king of the legendary Atlantis.
(astronomy) A moon of Saturn.

Atomic Age /əˈtɑːmɪk ˌeɪd͡ʒ/ /əˈtɒmɪk ˌeɪd͡ʒ/ pn
era atomu
The era, starting in the mid-1940s, during which nuclear energy was developed, and in which it was thought that all energy would be provided by such sources.

Attica pn
Attyka
TemplateParserError:LuaError, is located.
A peninsula southeast of Athens, Greece.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError:
The Attica Correctional Facility, scene of the Attica Prison riots

Atticism /ˈatɪsɪzm/ Atticisms n
attycyzm
(countable, by extension) A refined felicity or well-turned phrase, especially one deemed ungrammatical. (In Newcome, aposiopesis, dislocation, and inverse attraction, respectively.)

Atwood machine Atwood machines n
spadkownica

Auckland /ˈɑːklənd/ /ˈɔːklənd/ pn
Auckland
TemplateParserError:LuaError which includes the city, situated between the Northland region to the north and the Waikato region to the south.

Audouin's gull Audouin's gulls n
mewa sródziemnomorska
Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus, a large gull restricted to the Mediterranean and the western coast of Saharan Africa and the Iberian Peninsula.

Augean stables /ɑˌd͡ʒiən-/ /ɔˌd͡ʒiən ˈsteɪb(ə)lz/ /ɔːˌd͡ʒiːən ˈsteɪbl̩z/ /ˈɑˌɡiən-/ /ˈɔˌɡiən-/ n
stajnia Augiasza
(figuratively) A place or situation characterized by corruption or moral decay.

Augeas /ɔːˈd͡ʒiːəs/ pn
Augiasz
(Greek mythology) a king of Elis, best known for his stables, the Augean stables

Augsburg pn
Augsburg augsburski
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

August /ˈɑ.ɡəst/ /ˈɔ.ɡəst/ /ˈɔː.ɡəst/ Augusts pn
sierpień
The eighth month of the Roman, Julian, and Gregorian calendars, following July and preceding September.

Augusta /əɡʌstə/ pn
Augusta
A en given name.
(rare) A en given name.

Augustine /ɔːˈɡʌstɪn/ /əˈɡʌstɪn/ /ˈɑɡəˌstin/ /ˈɔɡəˌstin/ /ˈɔːɡəˌstiːn/ pn
Augustyn
A en given name, notably borne by Saint Augustine of Hippo (354-430), a church father and a writer.

Augustinism pn
augustianizm augustynizm
The religious philosophy of Augustine of Hippo.

Augustus /ɔːˈɡʌstəs/ pn
August
A en given name, risen in popularity since the 18th century.

Augustów pn
Augustów
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Aukštaitija pn
Auksztota
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Aurelia pn
Aurelia
A en given name

Aurelius pn
Aureli Aureliusz
A en given name; of mostly historical use in the Anglo-Saxon world.

Auriga /ɔːˈɹaɪɡə/ pn
Woźnica
(constellation) A winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a charioteer. It includes the star Capella.

Aurora pn
Aurora
(Roman god) Roman goddess of the dawn; equivalent of the Greek Eos. Sister of Luna and Sol.
A en given name, in regular use since the 19th century.

Auschwitz /ˈaʊʃ.vɪts/ /ˈaʊʃ.wɪts/ pn
Auschwitz Oświęcim Auschwitz-Birkenau
A former concentration camp in what is now Poland; used metonymically for Nazi evil, the Holocaust.

Austerlitz /ˈaʊstəlɪts/ /ˈaʊstɚlɪts/ /ˈɔstɚlɪts/ /ˈɔːstəlɪts/ pn
Austerlitz
, Czech Republic. The site of Napoleon's victory over the combined Russian and Austrian armies in 1805.

Australasia /ˌɒstɹ(ə)lˈeɪʒə/ /ˌɔstɹl̩ˈæɪʒɐ/ pn
Australazja
Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea and neighbouring islands.

Australia /-ɹe.jə/ /-ɹeɪl-/ /-ɹɛl-/ /ɑˈstɹɛ.li.ə/ /ɑˈstɹɛl.jə/ /ɒˈstɹeɪ.li.jə/ /ɒˈstɹeɪ.liː.ə/ /ɒˈstɹeɪl.jə/ /ɔˈstɹɛ.li.ə/ /ɔˈstɹɛl.jə/ /ɔːˈstɹeɪ.lɪ.jə/ /ɔːˈstɹeɪ.lɪ.ə/ /əˈstɹeɪl.jə/ /əˈstɹæɪ.jə/ /əˈstɹæɪ.liː.ə/ /əˈstɹæɪl.jə/ /əˈstɹɛ.liː.ə/ pn
Australia
(geology) TemplateParserError:LuaError. New Guinea and the intervening islands are also on the Australian tectonic plate and are thus geologically considered part of the continent.

Australian /-ɹejə/ /-ɹeɪ(l)-/ /-ɹɛl-/ /ɑˈstɹɛ.li.ən/ /ɑˈstɹɛl.jən/ /ɒˈstɹeɪ.li.jən/ /ɒˈstɹeɪ.liː.ən/ /ɒˈstɹeɪljən/ /ɔˈstɹɛ.li.ən/ /ɔˈstɹɛl.jən/ /ɔːˈstɹeɪlɪjən/ /ɔːˈstɹeɪlɪən/ /əˈstɹeɪljən/ /əˈstɹæɪ.liː.ən/ /əˈstɹæɪ.ljən/ /əˈstɹæɪl.jən/ /əˈstɹɛliːən/ adj
australijski
Of, from, or pertaining to Australia, the Australian people or Australian languages.

Australian /-ɹejə/ /-ɹeɪ(l)-/ /-ɹɛl-/ /ɑˈstɹɛ.li.ən/ /ɑˈstɹɛl.jən/ /ɒˈstɹeɪ.li.jən/ /ɒˈstɹeɪ.liː.ən/ /ɒˈstɹeɪljən/ /ɔˈstɹɛ.li.ən/ /ɔˈstɹɛl.jən/ /ɔːˈstɹeɪlɪjən/ /ɔːˈstɹeɪlɪən/ /əˈstɹeɪljən/ /əˈstɹæɪ.liː.ən/ /əˈstɹæɪ.ljən/ /əˈstɹæɪl.jən/ /əˈstɹɛliːən/ Australians n
Australijczyk Australijka
A person from the country of Australia or of Australian descent.

Australian Shepherd Australian Shepherds n
owczarek australijski
A type of herding dog originating in areas around and in California.

Australian magpie Australian magpies n
dzierzbowron
A species of magpie-like black-and-white passerine bird native to Australia and southern New Guinea, Gymnorhina tibicen, and introduced to New Zealand, Fiji, and the Solomon Islands.

Australian white ibis Australian white ibis Australian white ibises n
ibis czarnopióry
Threskiornis molucca, a species of wading bird of the ibis family, Threskiornithidae, which is widespread across much of Australia and has a predominantly white plumage with a bare, black head, long downcurved bill and black legs.

Austria /ˈɑs.tɹi.ə/ /ˈɒs.tɹɪə/ /ˈɔs.tɹi.ə/ /ˈɔːs.tɹɪə/ pn
Austria Rakusy
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Austria-Hungary pn
Austro-Węgry
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError

Austrian /ˈɑ.stɹi.ən/ /ˈɒs.tɹi.ən/ /ˈɔs.tɹi.ən/ more Austrian most Austrian adj
austriacki
Of, from, or pertaining to Austria or its people.

Austrian /ˈɑ.stɹi.ən/ /ˈɒs.tɹi.ən/ /ˈɔs.tɹi.ən/ Austrians n
Austriak Austriaczka
A person from Austria or of Austrian descent.

Austro-Hungarian adj
austro-węgierski austrowęgierski
(historical) Of, from or pertaining to Austria-Hungary.

Avar /ˈævɑɹ/ adj
awarski
Of or pertaining to the Avar language or people.

Avar /ˈævɑɹ/ Avars n
Awar Awarka
A person belonging to this people of Caucasus, mainly of Daghestan, in which they are the predominant group.

Avar /ˈævɑɹ/ pn
awarski
A North Caucasian language spoken mainly in Avaria (Republic of Daghestan) as its official language, and in parts of Azerbaijan.

Avdiivka /ɑːvˈdiːɪvkə/ /əvˈdiːɪvkə/ pn
Awdijiwka
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Averroes /əˈvɛɹəʊiːz/ pn
Awerroes
An Andalusian polymath (1126–1198).

Avestan /əˈvɛst(ə)n/ adj
awestyjski
Of or pertaining to Avesta or Avestan.

Avestan /əˈvɛst(ə)n/ pn
awestyjski
An ancient Eastern Old Iranian language that was used to compose the sacred hymns and canon of the Zoroastrian Avesta.

Avicenna /ˌævɪˈsɛnə/ pn
Awicenna
Persian polymath (c. 980–1037).

Avignon /ˈævɪnjɒn/ pn
Awinion
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Avogadro's number pn
stała Avogadra
(chemistry, physics) The number of atoms present in 12 grams of isotopically pure carbon-12, being 6.02214076 × 1023. By definition, the number of elementary entities (atoms or molecules) comprising one mole of a given substance.

Axis power Axis powers n
Oś
(chiefly, in the plural) A country in the alliance (in effect before and during World War II) of Nazi Germany, fascist Italy, imperial Japan, and a few other countries, which opposed the Allies.

Aydarken pn
Ajdarken

Ayurveda /aɪ.ɚˈveɪ.də/ /aɪ.ʊəˈveɪ.də/ n
ajurweda
Traditional Hindu alternative medicine, involving balancing three bodily humours of wind, bile, and phlegm.

Azerbaijan /ə.ˈzɛː(ɹ).baɪˌdʒɑːn/ /ə.ˈzɛː(ɹ).baɪˌʒɑːn/ /ˌæz.ə(ɹ).baɪˈdʒɑːn/ /ˌæz.ə(ɹ).baɪˈʒɑːn/ pn
Azerbejdżan
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Azerbaijan SSR pn
Azerbejdżańska SRR
Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic, the name for Azerbaijan while under the rule of the Soviet Union (1936–1991, name changed in 1990).

Azerbaijani /ˌæzəbaɪˈdʒɑːni/ /ˌæzəɹbaɪˈd͡ʒɑːni/ adj
azerbejdżański azerski
Of, from, or pertaining to Azerbaijan, the Azerbaijani people or the Azerbaijani language.

Azerbaijani /ˌæzəbaɪˈdʒɑːni/ /ˌæzəɹbaɪˈd͡ʒɑːni/ Azerbaijanis n
Azerbejdżanin Azerbejdżanka
A person from Azerbaijan or of Azerbaijani descent.

Azerbaijani /ˌæzəbaɪˈdʒɑːni/ /ˌæzəɹbaɪˈd͡ʒɑːni/ pn
azerski
The language of Azerbaijan.

Azores /əˈzɔːz/ /ˈeɪzɔːɹz/ pn
Azory
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Azrael /ˈæzɹeɪ.əl/ /ˈæzɹi.əl/ /ˈʌzɹɑːˌɛl/ pn
Azrael
The angel of death in Catholic and Orthodox Christianity, and in Islam.

Aztec /ˈæz.tɛk/ more Aztec most Aztec adj
aztecki
Of or pertaining to the Mexica people.

Aztec /ˈæz.tɛk/ Aztec Aztecs n
Aztek Azteczka
A Mexica.

B major n
H-dur
(music) The major key with B as its tonic, with the notes B, C♯, D♯, E, F♯, G♯, and A♯, the key signature of which has five sharps:
(music) The major chord with a root of B.

B-flat n
b
(music) The note one semitone below B, notated B♭.

BBC /biː biː siː/ pn
BBC
(preceded by “the”) Initialism of British Broadcasting Corporation.

BBS BBSes n
BBS
(telecommunications, Internet) Initialism of bulletin board system or bulletin board service.

BC adv
p.n.Chr. przed Chr.
Initialism of Before Christ.

BCE adv
p.Chr. p.n.e.
(chronology) Initialism of Before Common Era (Before the Common Era, before Common Era, before the Common Era), Before Current Era (Before the Current Era, before current era, before the current era), or before Christian Era.

BDSM n
BDSM
Sexual or non-sexual practices or activities involving bondage, discipline, sadism, masochism, or acts of domination and submission.

BRIC pn
BRIC
(politics, economics) Initialism of Brazil, Russia, India and China: a group of countries with similarly fast-growing economies.

BRICS pn
BRICS
(geopolitics, economics) Acronym of Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa: an international economic organization comprising these fast-growing economies.

Baal /bɑːˈɑːl/ /ˈbeɪl/ /ˈbeɪəl/ /ˈbɑːl/ Baalim Baals pn
Baal
(mythology, biblical) A storm and fertility god of the Phoenician and Canaanite pantheons, reckoned as chief of the gods by the 1st millennium BC.
(Christianity) One of the demons or fallen angels of Satan.

Baalism pn
baalizm
A pagan religion centred on the worship of Baal.

Baathism /bəˈʔɑːθɪzəm/ /ˈbɑːθɪzəm/ n
baasizm
(politics) An Arab nationalist ideology that promotes the development and creation of a unified Arab state through the leadership of a vanguard party over a progressive revolutionary government.

Baathist /ˈbɑːθɪst/ more Baathist most Baathist adj
baasistowski

Bab el Mandeb /ˈbɑːb ɛl ˈmændɛb/ /ˈbɑːb ɛl ˈmɑndɛb/ pn
Bab al-Mandab
a strait connecting the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden

Baba Yaga /ˌbɑːbə ˈjɑːɡə/ pn
Baba Jaga Baba Jędza Baba Rogu
(Slavic mythology) In Russian, Finno-Ugric, Polish and Bulgarian tales, a hag who lives in a hut standing on chicken legs and who flies through the air in a mortar, using the pestle as a rudder. She behaves ambivalently and may be either amiable or hostile.

Babbitt /ˈbæbət/ /ˈbæbɪt/ Babbitts n
drobnomieszczanin drobnomieszczanka filister
(US, dated) A person who subscribes complacently to materialistic middle-class ideals.

Babel /ˈbeɪ.bl̩/ /ˈbæb.l̩/ pn
Babel
(biblical) The city and tower in the land of Shinar where the confusion of languages took place, according to the Bible.

Babism n
babizm
The doctrine of a pantheistical religious sect, founded in Persia in 1844 by Mirza Ali Mohammed ibn Rabhik (1820-1850), who assumed the title of Bab-ed-Din ("Gate of the Faith"). It combines Muslim, Christian, Jewish, and Parsi elements, and forbids concubinage, polygamy, mendicancy, slave-dealing, and the use of intoxicating liquors and drugs. Precursor to the Baháʼí Faith.

Babouvism n
babuwizm

Babouvist /bəˈbuːvɪst/ Babouvists n
babuwista

Babouvistic adj
babuwistyczny
(politics) Of or pertaining to Babouvism.

Babruysk pn
Bobrujsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Babylon /ˈbæb.ɪ.lɑn/ /ˈbæb.ɪ.lɒn/ pn
Babilon
Any city of great wealth, luxury and vice.

Babylonia /ˌbæbɪˈloʊni.ə/ /ˌbæbɪˈləʊnɪə/ pn
Babilonia
(historical) The realm of Babylon in ancient Mesopotamia (modern Iraq), the Babylonian Empire.

Babylonian adj
babiloński
(historical) Pertaining to the city of Babylon, or the Babylonian Empire. [from 16th c.]

Babylonian Babylonians n
babilończyk babilonka
An inhabitant of the city of Babylon.

Bacchanalia /ˌbækəˈneɪli.ə/ n
bachanalia
(Greek mythology) A feast or an orgy in honor of Bacchus.

Bacchanalian Bacchanalians n
bachant bachantka
A bacchanal; a drunken reveler.

Bacchus /ˈbækəs/ pn
Bachus
(Roman god) Dionysus, the Greek god of wine and vivid social gatherings.

Baconian /bəˈkəʊn.ɪən/ Baconians n
bakonista
One who adheres to the philosophy of Francis Bacon.

Baconianism n
bakonizm
The theory that Francis Bacon was the real author of the works of William Shakespeare.

Bactria /ˈbæktɹɪə/ pn
Baktria
The ancient Greek name of the country between the range of the Hindu Kush and the Amu Darya in the Middle East, encompassing parts of northern Afghanistan, eastern Turkmenistan, southern Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and northern Pakistan.

Bactrian camel /ˈbæktɹɪən ˈkæməl/ Bactrian camels n
baktrian wielbłąd dwugarbny
The camel with two humps, Camelus bactrianus, native to the steppes of Asia.

Badakhshan pn
Badachszan
TemplateParserError:LuaError, named after the historical region.

Baden /ˈbɑːdən/ pn
Badenia
(historical) Its former county and canton.

Baden-Württemberg /ˌbɑːdən ˈvɜː(ɹ)təmbɜː(ɹ)ɡ/ pn
Badenia-Wirtembergia
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Baffin Bay pn
Morze Baffina
A sea between Greenland and Nunavut.

Baghdad /bæɡˈdæd/ /ˈbæɡdæd/ pn
Bagdad
TemplateParserError:LuaError, situated in the center of the country on the Tigris river; a historical center of the Muslim world.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Baghlan pn
Baghlan
TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bagram pn
Bagram
TemplateParserError:LuaError, TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError around the city.

Bahamas /bəˈhɑː.məz/ pn
Bahamy
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bahamian /bəˈheɪm.ɪən/ more Bahamian most Bahamian adj
bahamski
Of, from, or pertaining to the Bahamas, or the Bahamian people.

Bahamian /bəˈheɪm.ɪən/ Bahamians n
Bahamczyk Bahamka
A person from the Bahamas or of Bahamian descent.

Bahrain /bɑː(h)ˈɹeɪn/ pn
Bahrajn
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bahraini adj
bahrański bahrajński
Of, from, or pertaining to Bahrain or the Bahraini people.

Bahraini Bahrainis n
Bahrajńczyk Bahrajnka Bahrańczyk Bahranka
A person from Bahrain or of Bahraini descent.

Baháʼí /bəˈhɑː.i/ adj
bahajski
pertaining to Baháʼís or beliefs held in the Baháʼí Faith

Baháʼí /bəˈhɑː.i/ Baháʼís n
bahaj
a follower of the Baháʼí Faith.

Baikal /baɪ.ˈkæl/ /ˌbaɪ.ˈkɑːl/ pn
Bajkał
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Baikonur /ˌbaɪ.kəˈnɪɚ/ pn
Bajkonur
TemplateParserError:LuaError, rented and administered by Russia, constructed to service Baikonur Cosmodrome, since 1995 also called Baikonur.

Baird's sandpiper Baird's sandpipers n
biegus długoskrzydły
A type of sandpiper, Calidris bairdii.

Bajocian pn
bajos

Bakelite /ˈbeɪk.ə.laɪt/ n
bakelit
A heat-resisting chemically inert phenol formaldehyde resin (an early thermosetting plastic).

Baker pn
Piekarz
An English surname originating as an occupation for a baker, or owner of a communal oven

Bakhchisaray pn
Bakczysaraj
TemplateParserError:LuaError; the former capital of the Crimean Khanate.

Bakhmach pn
Bachmacz
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bakhmut /bɑkˈmut/ /bɑxˈmut/ pn
Bachmut
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Baku /bɑːˈkuː/ /ˈbækuː/ pn
Baku
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bakuninism n
bakuninizm bakunizm
Support for Mikhail Bakunin respectively his propositions.

Bakuninist more Bakuninist most Bakuninist adj
bakuninistyczny bakunistyczny
Relating to, or supporting the revolutionary anarchism of Mikhail Bakunin

Bakuninist Bakuninists n
bakuninist bakunist
A supporter of Mikhail Bakunin respectively his propositions.

Bakuvian more Bakuvian most Bakuvian adj
bakijski
Of or relating to Baku.

Bakuvian Bakuvians n
bakijczyk bakijka
An inhabitant or native of Baku.

Balakliya pn
Bałaklija
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Balearic /bæliˈæɹɪk/ adj
balearski
From, or pertaining to, the Balearic Islands.

Balearic Islands pn
Baleary
A group of Mediterranean islands of the east coast of Spain, formed by Majorca, Minorca, Ibiza, and Formentera.

Balearic Sea pn
Morze Balearskie
Part of the Mediterranean Sea, between the Balearic Islands and Levante.

Bali /ˈbɑːli/ pn
Bali
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Balkan /ˈbɑlkən/ /ˈbɒlkən/ /ˈbɔlkən/ /ˈbɔːlkən/ adj
bałkański
Of or relating to the Balkan Peninsula

Balkan Peninsula pn
Półwysep Bałkański
A large peninsula in southeastern Europe surrounded by water on three sides: the Adriatic Sea to the west, the Mediterranean Sea (including the Ionian and Aegean Seas) to the south and the Black Sea to the east. Its northern boundary is often given as the Danube, Sava and Kupa rivers.

Balkanization /ˌbɑl.kən.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌbɔːl.kən.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ Balkanizations n
bałkanizacja
(historical, chiefly, political science) The fragmentation of a geopolitical region into several small states that are often hostile or non-cooperative with each other.

Balkans /ˈbɑl.kənz/ /ˈbɒl.kənz/ /ˈbɔl.kənz/ /ˈbɔːl.kənz/ pn
Bałkany
TemplateParserError:LuaError, roughly equivalent to the area covered by Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, sometimes including Romania, Slovenia, and European Turkey. [19th c.]

Baloch Baloch Baloches Balochs n
Beludża Beludżyjka

Balochistan pn
Beludżystan
A region on the Iranian plateau in south-western Asia, northwest of the Arabian Sea, dominated by desert and mountains, composed of southwestern Pakistan, southeastern Iran and a very small section of southwestern Afghanistan; inhabited by the Baloch people.

Balt [bɑlt] [bɔːlt] Balts n
Bałt Bałtyjka
(rare) An inhabitant of one of the modern Baltic states: Lithuania, Latvia or Estonia.

Balta pn
Bałta
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Balthazar /bælˈθeɪzə/ /bælˈθeɪzɚ/ /ˈbælθəˌzɔɹ/ pn
Baltazar
A name ascribed to one of the Magi.
(biblical, historical) a Babylonian king mentioned in the Book of Daniel.
A en given name.

Baltic /ˈbɑl.tɪk/ /ˈbɔl.tɪk/ /ˈbɔːl.tɪk/ more Baltic most Baltic adj
bałtycki
Of or pertaining to the Baltic region or the Baltic Sea.
Of or pertaining to the Balts (the Baltic peoples).

Baltic Sea pn
Morze Bałtyckie Bałtyk
TemplateParserError:LuaError, connected to the Atlantic.

Baltic herring Baltic herrings n
sałaka
A subspecies of Atlantic herring, (Clupea harengus membras), living in the Baltic Sea, smaller than Atlantic herring, with leaner flesh.

Baltiysk pn
Piława

Balto-Slavic adj
bałtosłowiański
Of or pertaining to the Balto-Slavic language, the people who spoke it or their culture.

Balykchy pn
Bałykczy

Balzac pn
Balzac Balzak
A surname from French.

Balzacian /balˈzakɪ.ən/ /bælˈzæki.ən/ /bɔlˈzæki.ən/ more Balzacian most Balzacian adj
balzakowski
Of or pertaining to the French novelist Honoré de Balzac (1799–1850) or his writings.

Balzacian /balˈzakɪ.ən/ /bælˈzæki.ən/ /bɔlˈzæki.ən/ Balzacians n
balzakista
A follower of Balzac, or an author who writes in his style.

Bambara /-ɑ/ /bɑmˈbɑɹ.ə/ pn
bamana bambara
A West Sudanic language spoken mainly in Mali by as many as six million people, and by smaller numbers of people in Senegal Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, and Gambia.

Bamboo Curtain pn
Bambusowa kurtyna
(historical) The political and ideological barrier between the communist and capitalist states of Asia during the Cold War.

Bamyan pn
Bamian
TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Banach space Banach spaces n
przestrzeń Banacha
(functional analysis) A normed vector space which is complete with respect to the norm, meaning that Cauchy sequences have well-defined limits that are points in the space.

Bandar Seri Begawan /ˌbɑːndəɹ sɪˌɹiː bɪˈɡaʊ.ən/ pn
Bandar Seri Begawan
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Banderite [ˈbændəɹaɪ̯t] more Banderite most Banderite adj
banderowski
Of or related to Stepan Bandera or his political movement.

Banderite [ˈbændəɹaɪ̯t] Banderites n
banderowiec banderówka
A member of, or one who subscribes to the ideas of, the political movement of Stepan Bandera.

Bangalore /ˈbæŋ.ɡə.loɹ/ /ˌbæŋ.ɡəˈloɹ/ /ˌbæŋ.ɡəˈlɔː/ pn
Bangalur
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bangka Belitung Islands pn
Bangka i Belitung
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Bangkok /bæŋˈkɒk/ pn
Bangkok
(metonymy) The government of Thailand.

Bangladesh /ˌbæŋ.ɡlə.ˈdɛʃ/ /ˌbɑːŋ.ɡlə.ˈdɛʃ/ pn
Bangladesz
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bangladeshi adj
bangladeski banglijski
Of, from, or pertaining to Bangladesh.

Bangladeshi Bangladeshis n
Banglijczyk Banglijka
A native or inhabitant of Bangladesh or person of Bangladeshi descent.

Banglaphone adj
banglajęzyczny bengalskojęzyczny
Bengali-speaking.

Banglaphone Banglaphones n
banglafon
One who speaks Bengali.

Banská Bystrica pn
Bańska Bystrzyca
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Bantu /ˈbæntu/ Bantu Bantus n
Bantu
(countable) A member of any of the African ethnic groups that speak a Bantu language.
bantu
(uncountable) The largest African language family of the Niger-Congo group, spoken in much of Sub-Saharan Africa.

Bantu knot Bantu knots n
węzeł Bantu

Bantuize v
czynić bantuskim

Baptist /ˈbæbdəs/ /ˈbæbdɪs(t)/ /ˈbæbtɪst/ /ˈbæptɪst/ more Baptist most Baptist adj
baptystyczny
Of, relating to, or adhering to the Baptist religious denomination.

Baptist /ˈbæbdəs/ /ˈbæbdɪs(t)/ /ˈbæbtɪst/ /ˈbæptɪst/ Baptists n
baptysta baptystka
An adherent of a Protestant denomination (or various subdenominations) of Christianity, which believes in the baptism of believers (sometimes only adults), as opposed to the baptism of infants.

Bar pn
Bar
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Barabbas /bəˈɹæbəs/ pn
Barabasz
(Christianity) In the accounts of the Passion of Christ, an insurrectionary whom Pontius Pilate freed at the Passover feast in Jerusalem, instead of Jesus.

Baran pn
Barań
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Baranavichy pn
Baranowicze
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Baranivka pn
Baranówka
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Barbadian /bɑɹˈbeɪdi.ən/ /bɑːˈbeɪdi.ən/ adj
barbadoski
Of, from, or relating to Barbados or the people of Barbados.

Barbados /bɑɹˈbeɪ.doʊs/ /bɑɹˈbeɪ.doʊz/ /bɑɹˈbeɪ.dəs/ /bɑː(ɹ)ˈbeɪ.dɒs/ pn
Barbados
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Barbara /ˈbɑɹb(ə)ɹə/ /ˈbɑːb(ə)ɹə/ Barbaras pn
Barbara
A en given name.

Barbary /ˈbɑː(ɹ)bəɹi/ pn
Berberia
(historical) The Mediterranean coastal areas of North Africa that were used as a base by pirates in the 16th to 19th centuries.

Barbary macaque Barbary macaques n
magot makak berberyjski makak magot
Macaca sylvanus, an Old World monkey found in Gibraltar and the Atlas Mountains in Algeria and Morocco.

Barbie /ˈbɑɹbi/ /ˈbɑːbi/ Barbies n
Barbie
A tall, slender female fashion doll.
lala lalka lalunia
(by extension, informal, derogatory) A beautiful but stupid or shallow young woman.

Barbie /ˈbɑɹbi/ /ˈbɑːbi/ Barbies pn
Basia
A diminutive of the en given name Barbara.

Barcelona /ˌbɑɹsəˈloʊnə/ /ˌbɑɹsɪˈloʊnə/ /ˌbɑːsəˈləʊnə/ pn
Barcelona
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Barcelonian adj
barceloński
From Barcelona or otherwise related to the city of Barcelona.

Barcelonian Barcelonians n
barcelonka barcelończyk
Someone from Barcelona

Barents Sea /ˈbæɹənts ˈsi/ /ˈbɛəɹənts ˈsi/ pn
Morze Barentsa
A part of the Arctic Ocean located north of Norway and northwestern Russia.

Barnabas /ˈbɑɹnəbəs/ pn
Barnaba
(biblical character) An early Christian, one of the earliest Christian disciples in Jerusalem
A en given name of biblical origin.

Barnabite Barnabites n
barnabita

Barnaul pn
Barnauł
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Baroque /bəˈɹoʊk/ /bəˈɹɒk/ /bəˈɹəʊk/ more Baroque most Baroque adj
barokowy
(arts, music) From or characteristic of the Baroque period.

Baroque /bəˈɹoʊk/ /bəˈɹɒk/ /bəˈɹəʊk/ pn
barok
(arts, music) A period in western architecture, art and music from ca. 1600 to ca. 1760 CE, known for its abundance of drama, rich color, and extensive ornamentation.

Baroque guitar Baroque guitars n
gitara barokowa
An archaic form of guitar with five strings, originating in the Baroque era, played by either strumming or plucking, and characterized by the use of reentrant tuning.

Barrow's goldeneye Barrow's goldeneyes n
sierpiec
A duck in the goldeneye genus, Bucephala islandica

Bartholomew /bɑɹˈtɑləmi/ /bɑɹˈθɑləmju/ /bɑːˈθɒləmjuː/ Bartholomews pn
Bartłomiej
An Apostle, identified with Nathanael. (biblical character)
Bartłomiej Bartosz
A en given name of biblical origin.

Bartonian pn
barton

Baruch /bəˈrux/ /ˈbä rəx/ /ˈbɑr.ux/ /ˈbɛ rəx/ pn
Baruch
(biblical character) Any of a number of Old Testament men, including the scribe and companion of Jeremiah.
A en given name.
Księga Barucha
A book of the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox canon of the Old Testament, considered apocryphal by Protestants.

Barvinkove pn
Barwinkowe
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Barysaw pn
Borysów
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Basel /ˈbɑːzəl/ pn
Bazylea
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Basel-Landschaft /ˈbɑːzəɫ ˈlændʃæft/ pn
Bazylea-Okręg
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Basel-Stadt pn
Bazylea-Miasto
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bashkir /bæʃˈkɪə/ /bɑːʃˈkɪɚ/ adj
baszkirski
Of or pertaining to a certain Turkic ethnic group that lives mostly in the Russian republic of Bashkortostan.

Bashkir /bæʃˈkɪə/ /bɑːʃˈkɪɚ/ Bashkirs n
Baszkir Baszkirka
A Bashkir person; a member of the Bashkir ethnic group.

Bashkir /bæʃˈkɪə/ /bɑːʃˈkɪɚ/ pn
baszkirski
A Turkic language with many dialects, spoken in parts of Russia, Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan.

Bashkirian more Bashkirian most Bashkirian adj
baszkirski
Of or relating to Bashkiria.

Bashkirian Bashkirians n
Baszkir Baszkirka
A native or inhabitant of Bashkiria.

Bashkirian pn
baszkir
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Carboniferous period.

Bashkortostan [baʃˈko̞ː(ɹ)təʉ̯stæn] [bɑʃˈkɔɹtoə̯stɛən] pn
Baszkortostan Baszkiria
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bashtanka pn
Basztanka
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Basil /ˈbæz.əl/ pn
Bazyli
A en given name, in quiet but steady use in the UK.

Basque /bæsk/ /bɑːsk/ adj
baskijski
Relating to the Basque people or their language.

Basque /bæsk/ /bɑːsk/ Basques n
Bask Baskijka
A member of a cultural and ethnic people living in the western Pyrenees and the Bay of Biscay between France and Spain.

Basque /bæsk/ /bɑːsk/ pn
baskijski język baskijski
The language of the Basque people.

Basque Country pn
Kraj Basków Baskonia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
Baskonia Kraj Basków
The region where the Basque language is spoken.

Basse-Terre /bæsˈtɛə(ɹ)/ pn
Basse-Terre
TemplateParserError:LuaError, located in the Lesser Antilles.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Basseterre /bæsˈtɛə(ɹ)/ pn
Basseterre
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bathonian pn
baton

Bathsheba /bæθˈʃiːbə/ pn
Batszeba
In the Old Testament, the wife of Uriah and later of David. (biblical character)
(uncommon) A en given name of biblical origin.

Batken /bætˈkɛn/ pn
Batken
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Batman /bætˈmɑːn/ pn
Batman
The capital city of Batman Province, Turkey.

Batman /ˈbæt.mæn/ Batmans Batmen pn
Batman
A fictional hero and the main protagonist of DC Comics, noted for his intellect and stealth, who uses a bat-themed costume and equipment (including a belt with an array of utilities) and is assisted by his sidekick Robin.

Bats pn
bacbijski
A Northeast Caucasian language of the Nakh family, spoken in Georgia.

Battambang pn
Bătdâmbâng
TemplateParserError:LuaError, where the city of the same name is located in.

Battle of Britain pn
bitwa o Anglię
(historical) A series of air engagements between the British Royal Air Force (RAF) and the German Luftwaffe during World War II for air superiority over southern England and the English Channel prior to any German invasion of the British Isles.

Batumi pn
Batumi
A seaside city on the Black Sea coast and capital of Adjara, an autonomous republic in southwest Georgia.

Baturyn pn
Baturyn
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Baudelairean /ˌboʊdəˈlɛɹi.ən/ /ˌbəʊd(ə)ˈlɛəɹɪ.ən/ more Baudelairean most Baudelairean adj
baudelairowski
Of or pertaining to Charles Pierre Baudelaire (1821–1867), French poet, critic, and translator, or to his works.

Bautzen /ˈbaʊtsən/ pn
Budziszyn
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bavaria /bəˈveəɹɪə/ pn
Bawaria
The kingdom of Bavaria.
One of the component states of Germany according to the current administrative division of the nation, which includes the historical Bavaria and parts of Swabia and Franconia.

Bavarian /bəˈvɛəɹɪən/ more Bavarian most Bavarian adj
bawarski
Of or pertaining to Bavaria

Bavarian /bəˈvɛəɹɪən/ Bavarians n
Bawar Bawarczyk Bawarka
A person from Bavaria or of Bavarian descent.

Bay of Bengal pn
Zatoka Bengalska
A sea that forms the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean.

Bay of Biscay pn
Zatoka Biskajska
a gulf of the North Atlantic Ocean along the western coast of France from Brest south to the Spanish border, and the northern coast of Spain, named for the Spanish province of Biscay

Bayesian /ˈbeɪziən/ /ˈbeɪʒən/ more Bayesian most Bayesian adj
bayesowski
Of or pertaining to Thomas Bayes, English mathematician.

Bayonne pn
Bajonna
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Bačka /ˈbɑːt͡ʃ.kə/ pn
Baczka
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bear Island pn
Wyspa Niedźwiedzia
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Beatrice /beəˈtɹɪs/ /biˈætrɪs/ /ˈbiː(ə)tɹɪs/ pn
Beata
A en given name.

Beaufort scale pn
skala Beauforta
(nautical) An empirical measure for the intensity of the wind based mainly on the state of the sea or wave conditions.

Bechuanaland /ˌbɛt͡ʃuˈɑːnəlænd/ pn
Beczuana
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Beethoven /ˈbeɪtˌhəʊvən/ /ˈbeɪˌtoʊvən/ /ˈbeɪˌtəʊvən/ pn
Beethoven
A surname from German, usually applying to Ludwig van Beethoven.

Beethovenian /ˌbeɪt(h)əʊˈviːnɪən/ /ˌbeɪtoʊˈvini.ən/ more Beethovenian most Beethovenian adj
beethovenowski
Of or pertaining to Ludwig van Beethoven, in particular his style of music.

Beetle Beetles n
garbus
(UK, Australia, NZ) A small car, the Volkswagen Beetle (original version made 1938–2003, similar models made 1997–2010 and since 2011).

Beghard /bəˈɡɑːɹd/ Beghards n
begard
(historical) One of an association of religious laymen living in semimonastic communities in imitation of the Beguines, and influenced by Albigensian teachings and by the Brethren of the Free Spirit.

Beguine /beɪˈɡiːn/ Beguines n
beginka

Beijing /beɪˈd͡ʒɪŋ/ /beɪˈʒɪŋ/ /ˌbeɪˈd͡ʒɪŋ/ /ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋ/ pn
Pekin
(metonymy) The government of the People's Republic of China. [from late 20th c.]

Beirut /beɪˈɹuːt/ pn
Bejrut
The drinking game of beer pong.

Belainsky pn
Belansky
A surname from French.; Synonym of Belansky

Belansky pn
Belansky

Belarus /ˈbɛ.lɑ.ɹus/ /ˈbɛləɹuːs/ /ˌbɛ.ləˈɹus/ /ˌbɛ.ləˈɹuːs/ pn
Białoruś
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Belarusian /ˌbɛləˈɹuːsi.ən/ /ˌbɛləˈɹuːʃən/ /ˌbɛləˈɹuːʒən/ /ˌbɛləˈɹʌʃən/ adj
białoruski
Of, from, or pertaining to Belarus, the Belarusian people.

Belarusian /ˌbɛləˈɹuːsi.ən/ /ˌbɛləˈɹuːʃən/ /ˌbɛləˈɹuːʒən/ /ˌbɛləˈɹʌʃən/ Belarusians n
Białorusin białoruski Białorusinka
(uncountable) The Slavic language spoken in Belarus (formerly called White Ruthenia or White Russia).
Białorusin Białorusinka
(countable) A citizen of Belarus.

Belarusian People's Republic pn
Białoruska Republika Ludowa
The first state of Belarus (1918–19). Government in exile (1919 - current)

Belarusianness n
białoruszczyzna
The quality of being Belarusian.

Belarusophone adj
białoruskojęzyczny
Speaking Belarusian.

Belfast /ˈbɛl.fæst/ /ˈbɛl.fɑːst/ pn
Belfast
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Belgian /ˈbɛl.d͡ʒən/ [ˈbɛl.ɡi.ən] more Belgian most Belgian adj
belgijski
Of, from, or pertaining to Belgium or the Belgian people.

Belgian /ˈbɛl.d͡ʒən/ [ˈbɛl.ɡi.ən] Belgians n
Belg Belgijka
A person from Belgium or of Belgian descent.

Belgian Sheepdog Belgian Sheepdogs n
owczarek belgijski
One of four variants of sheep herding dog bred in Belgium.

Belgian franc Belgian francs n
frank belgijski

Belgium /ˈbɛld͡ʒəm/ Belgiums pn
Belgia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Belgorod /ˈbɛl.ɡəˌɹɑd/ /ˈbɛl.ɡəˌɹɒd/ pn
Biełgorod Białygród
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Belgrade /ˈbɛlɡɹeɪd/ pn
Belgrad Białygród
(metonym) The Serbian or Yugoslav government.

Belgradian adj
belgradzki
of, from or pertaining to Belgrade

Belgradian Belgradians n
belgradka belgradczyk
Someone from Belgrade.

Belial /bəˈlaɪ.əl/ /ˈbiːl.jəl/ /ˈbiːli.əl/ pn
Belial
(mythological creatures) A wicked demon in Christian and Jewish apocrypha.

Belize /beɪlˈiːz/ /bəˈliːz/ /bɛlˈiːz/ pn
Belize
TemplateParserError:LuaError, formerly called British Honduras.

Belizean adj
belizeński
Of, from, or pertaining to Belize, or the Belizean people.

Belizean Belizeans n
Belizenka Belizeńczyk
A person from Belize or of Belizean descent.

Belmopan pn
Belmopan
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Belz pn
Bełz
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bender pn
Bendery
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Benedict /ˈbɛnədɪkt/ Benedicts pn
Benedykt
(countable) A en given name, particularly of the sixth-century founder of the Benedictine order, and of several popes.

Benedict's reagent pn
odczynnik Benedicta

Benedicta pn
Benedykta
A en given name, a rare feminine form of Benedict.

Benedictine adj
benedyktyński
Of or pertaining to St. Benedict of Nursia.
Of or pertaining to the Benedictine Order.

Benedictine Benedictines n
benedyktyn benedyktynka
A monk or nun belonging to the order founded by Saint Benedict of Nursia.
A type of liqueur originating from the Benedictine cloister of Fécamp in France, made from cognac together with herb and spice extracts.

Benelux pn
Beneluks Benelux
An economic and customs union made up of Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg.

Benevento pn
Benewent
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bengal /bɛŋ.ˈɡɔːl/ /bɛŋˈɡɑl/ /bɛŋˈɡɑːl/ /bɛŋˈɡɔːl/ /ˈbɛŋˌɡəl/ pn
Bengal
A region in the Indian subcontinent which is today divided between Bangladesh and India (particularly the state of West Bengal).

Bengal fox Bengal foxes n
lis bengalski
Vulpes bengalensis, a fox endemic to the Indian subcontinent.

Bengal tiger Bengal tigers n
tygrys bengalski
Any tiger of a specific, fragmented population of the subspecies Panthera tigris tigris in the Indian subcontinent.

Bengali /bɛŋˈɡɑli/ /bɛŋˈɡɔːli/ Bengalis n
Bengalczyk Bengalka
(countable) A person from Bengal or of Bengali descent.
bengali język bengalski
(uncountable) A language spoken in Bangladesh and the states of Assam, Tripura and West Bengal, India.

Bengalism /bɛŋˈɡɔːlɪzəm/ Bengalisms n
bengalyzm
A word or idiom of the Bengali language used in another language, especially for literary effect.

Benghazi /bɛnˈɡɑ.zi/ pn
Bengazi
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Benin /bəˈnin/ /bəˈnɪn/ /bɛˈniːn/ /bɛˈnɪn/ pn
Benin
People's Republic of Benin, from 1975 to 1990
Republic of Benin, since 1990
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
A historical kingdom in West Africa, in present-day Nigeria.

Beninese /bɛnɪˈniːz/ more Beninese most Beninese adj
beniński
Of, from, or pertaining to Benin, the Beninese people.

Beninese /bɛnɪˈniːz/ Beninese n
Beninka Benińczyk
A person from Benin or of Beninese descent.

Benjamin /ˈbɛnd͡ʒəmɪn/ /ˈbɛnd͡ʒɚmɪn/ /ˈbɪnd͡ʒəmɪn/ /ˈbɪnd͡ʒɚmɪn/ Benjamins pn
Beniamin
The youngest of the sons of Jacob and Rachel in the Bible.
A surname transferred from the given name.

Benzion pn
Bencijjon Bencijon Bencjon
A en given name, literally meaning ‘son of Zion’.

Berber /ˈbɜːbə/ /ˈbɝ.bɚ/ adj
berberyjski
Of the Berber people, their culture, or their language.

Berber /ˈbɜːbə/ /ˈbɝ.bɚ/ Berbers n
Berber Berberyjka
A member of a particular ethnic group indigenous to northwest Africa.

Berdiansk pn
Berdiańsk
Ellipsis of Berdiansk Municipality.: TemplateParserError:LuaError

Berdichev pn
Berdyczów
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Berehove pn
Berehowo
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Berestechko pn
Beresteczko
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Berezan pn
Berezań
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Berezhany pn
Brzeżany
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Berezivka pn
Berezówka
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Berezne pn
Bereźne
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bergamo /ˈbɜːɡəˌməʊ/ /ˈbɝɡəˌmoʊ/ Bergamos pn
Bergamo
(countable) A habitational surname from Italian.

Berger Picard /bɛəˌʒeɪ pɪˈkɑː/ /bɛɹˌʒeɪ pɪˈkɑɹ/ Berger Picards n
owczarek pikardyjski
A French breed of medium-sized sheepdog.

Bergsonism n
bergsonizm

Bergsonist Bergsonists n
bergsonista

Bering Sea /ˈbɛɹɪŋ ˈsiː/ pn
Morze Beringa
The sea between Siberia and Alaska, north of the Pacific Ocean, that is connected to the Arctic Ocean by the Bering Strait.

Bering Strait pn
Cieśnina Beringa
A strait between Chukotka, Russia and Alaska, USA, linking the Arctic Ocean to the Bering Sea.

Beringia /bəˈrɪnd͡ʒiə/ pn
Beringia

Berkeleianism n
berkeleizm

Berkshire /bɚkʃɚ/ /ˈbɑːkʃə/ Berkshires n
berkszyr
A breed of pig from Berkshire county.

Berkshire /bɚkʃɚ/ /ˈbɑːkʃə/ pn
Berkshire
TemplateParserError:LuaError, bounded by Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Hampshire, Surrey, Greater London and Wiltshire.

Berlin /bəˈlɪn/ /bɛə̯ˈlɪn/ /bɜːˈlɪn/ /ˈbɜː.lɪn/ /ˈbɝ.lɪn/ [bɚˈlɪn] Berlins pn
Berlin
TemplateParserError:LuaError containing the capital city.
TemplateParserError:LuaError, mostly surrounding the city of the same name.
berliński
Ellipsis of Berlin Township.

Berlin Wall /bɜːˈlɪn wɔːl/ /bɝˈlɪn wɔl/ /ˈbɜː-/ /ˈbɝ-/ pn
Mur Berliński mur berliński
(history) A wall that parted the city of Berlin until 1989, constructed by the German Democratic Republic to keep East Germans from escaping to West Berlin.

Bermuda /bəˈmjuːdə/ /bɚˈmjuːdə/ pn
Bermudy
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bermuda Triangle Bermuda Triangles n
trójkąt bermudzki
(by extension) Any place where objects mysteriously disappear.

Bermuda Triangle pn
Trójkąt Bermudzki
TemplateParserError:LuaError where many ships and planes have disappeared under allegedly mysterious circumstances.

Bermuda shorts n
bermudy
A type of knee-high shorts reminiscent of cut formal trousers.

Bermudian /bə(ɹ)ˈmjuːdiən/ adj
bermudzki
Of, from, or pertaining to Bermuda, or the Bermudian people.

Bermudian /bə(ɹ)ˈmjuːdiən/ Bermudians n
Bermudczyk Bermudka
A person from Bermuda or of Bermudian descent

Bern /bɛ(ɹ)n/ /bɜː(ɹ)n/ Berns pn
Berno
A placename
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
A surname

Bernadette /ˌbɝ.nəˈdɛt/ pn
Bernadeta
A en given name.

Bernard /bəɹˈnɑɹd/ /ˈbɜːnəd/ pn
Bernard
A en given name.

Bernardine more Bernardine most Bernardine adj
bernardyński
Of or pertaining to Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, or to the Cistercian monks.

Bernardine Bernardines n
bernardyn bernardynka
A Cistercian monk.

Bernese /ˌbɜːˈniːz/ adj
berneński
Of, from, or pertaining to Bern.

Bershad pn
Berszad
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Beryslav pn
Berysław
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Berytian /bəˈɹɪʃən/ adj
beryteński
(historical) Of or pertaining to Berytus.

Beskids /ˈbɛskɪdz/ pn
Beskidy
TemplateParserError:LuaError, running from Czech Republic to Ukraine along the Polish-Slovakia border, with its highest peak Hoverla at 2061 meters.

Bessarabia pn
Besarabia
(historical) A geographic region in Eastern Europe bounded by the Dniester River on the east and the Prut River on the west. Now divided between Moldova and Ukraine.

Bessel function Bessel functions n
funkcja Bessela

Betelgeuse /ˈbidlˌdʒus/ /ˈbidlˌdʒuz/ /ˈbiːtldʒuːs/ /ˈbiːtldʒuːz/ /ˈbɛdlˌdʒus/ /ˈbɛdlˌdʒuz/ pn
Betelgeza
(star) A bright-red supergiant intrinsic variable star, the second brightest star in the constellation Orion; Alpha (α) Orionis. It is the tenth brightest star in the nighttime, and one of the largest stars known.

Bethesda /bəˈθɛz.də/ pn
Betesda
(biblical) A pool in Jerusalem mentioned in the New Testament.

Bethlehem /ˈbɛθlihɛm/ /ˈbɛθləhɛm/ pn
Betlejem
TemplateParserError:LuaError, believed to be the birthplace of Jesus.
A number of other places around the world:
TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError (OS grid ref SM9820).
TemplateParserError:LuaError (OS grid ref SN6825).
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError:

Bełchatów pn
Bełchatów
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bhubaneswar pn
Bhubaneśwar Bhubaneswar
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bhutan /buːˈtæn/ /buːˈtɑːn/ pn
Bhutan
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bhutanese /bu.təˈniːz/ more Bhutanese most Bhutanese adj
bhutański
Of, from, or pertaining to Bhutan, the Bhutanese people.

Bhutanese /bu.təˈniːz/ Bhutanese n
Bhutańczyk Bhutanka
A person from Bhutan or of Bhutanese descent.

Bianca /biˈæŋkə/ /biˈɑŋkə/ Biancas pn
Bianka
A en given name
(astronomy) A moon of Uranus.

Biaroza pn
Bereza Bereza Kartuska
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bias pn
Bias
(historical) One of the Seven Sages of Greece from Priene, living in the 6th century BC.

Biała pn
Biała

Białystok pn
Białystok
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bible /ˈbaɪbəl/ Bibles pn
Biblia Pismo Święte
The Jewish holy book that was largely incorporated into the Christian Bible.

Bibrka pn
Bóbrka
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bicol /ˈbikol/ /ˈbikɔl/ /ˈbiːkɔːl/ pn
Język bikolski
The language of the native inhabitants of the region, Bicolano.

Biden /ˈbaɪdən/ Bidens pn
Biden
A surname.

Biedermeier pn
biedermeier

Bielsko-Biała pn
Bielsko-Biała
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bierwurst n
bierwurst kiełbasa piwna
beerwurst; a smoked, seasoned Brühwurst sausage originally from Bavaria in Germany, with a garlicky flavor and dark red color.

Big Apple pn
Wielkie Jabłko
A nickname for New York City.

Big Bad Wolf /bɪɡ bæd ˈwʊlf/ Big Bad Wolves n
wilk
An evil fictional wolf that appears in fairy tales or fables.

Big Bang pn
Wielki Wybuch
(cosmology) The cosmic event that marks the beginning of time and the rapid expansion of space for the visible universe. The evolution of the universe since that beginning point is described by the Big Bang Theory.

Big Brother pn
Wielki Brat
Unwarranted, invasive, and discreet surveillance, especially of a people by its government
Any omnipresent figurehead representing oppressive control

Big Dipper pn
Wielki Wóz
(constellation, especially, US) A bright circumpolar asterism of the northern sky, said to resemble a ladle or cart. It is part of the constellation Ursa Major and includes the stars Mizar, Dubhe, and Alkaid. [from 1845] The other stars in it are Alioth, Megrez, Merak, and Phecda.

Big Mac /bɪɡ mæk/ Big Macs n
Big Mac
A hamburger from the fast food company McDonald's, served on a three-part bun with various condiments.

Big Rip pn
Wielkie Rozdarcie
(cosmology) A hypothetical end of the universe in which its rate of expansion becomes infinite in finite time, resulting in all matter being torn apart.

Bigfoot /ˈbɪɡˌfʊt/ pn
Wielka Stopa
(US, Canada, cryptozoology, folklore) A very large, hairy, humanoid creature, similar to the yeti, said to live in the wilderness areas of the United States and Canada, especially the Pacific Northwest.

Bihar /bɪˈhɑɹ/ /bɪˈhɑː/ /bɪˈɦɑːɾ/ pn
Bihar
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bila Tserkva pn
Biała Cerkiew
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi pn
Białogród nad Dniestrem
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Biliaivka pn
Bielajewka
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bilohirsk pn
Biłohirsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bilopillia pn
Białopole
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bilozerske pn
Biłozerśke
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bilytske pn
Biłyćke
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Birobidzhan pn
Birobidżan
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bishkek /bɪʃˈkɛk/ pn
Biszkek
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bishkeker Bishkekers n
biszkekańczyk biszkekanka
A native or inhabitant of Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.

Bithynia /bɪˈθɪni.ə/ pn
Bitynia
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError.
A taxonomic genus within the family Bithyniidae – certain freshwater snails.

Bitola pn
Bitola
TemplateParserError:LuaError (after Skopje); formerly named Monastir.

Black Death pn
czarna śmierć
(disease, historical) A pandemic outbreak of bubonic plague throughout Europe and most of Asia in the 14th century that killed nearly half the population of Europe and Asia.

Black Forest pn
Czarny Las Schwarzwald
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Black Forest gâteau Black Forest gâteaus Black Forest gâteaux n
tort szwarcwaldzki
A type of gâteau consisting of a rich chocolate sponge cake topped with cream and cherries.

Black Friday Black Fridays pn
czarny piątek
(US, Canada, UK, business, retailing) The day after US Thanksgiving Day, generally regarded as the first day of the Christmas season, and the busiest shopping day of the year. Observed in the US, Canada, and more recently to an extent, the UK.
(by extension) The sales period involving heavy price reductions immediately following US Thanksgiving Day, from Friday (the original Black Friday) through Monday (Cyber Monday).

Black Legend pn
Czarna Legenda hiszpanii
The depiction of Spain and Spaniards (or, by extension, all Hispanics and their countries of origin) as bloodthirsty and cruel, greedy and fanatical.

Black Panthers pn
Czarne Pantery
(US politics) A Black Power political party in the United States from the 1960s to the 1980s.

Black Sea pn
Morze Czarne
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Blackbeard pn
Czarnobrody
The archetypal pirate, who lived in the 17th and 18th centuries.

Blagoevgrad pn
Błagojewgrad
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Blagoveshchensk /ˌblɑɡəˈvɛʃt͡ʃɛnsk/ pn
Błagowieszczeńsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError, on the border with China.

Blahovishchenske pn
Błahowiszczenśke
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Blaise pn
Błażej
A en given name.

Blanche pn
Blanka
A en given name.

Blanford's fox Blanford's foxes n
lis afgański
A small fox (Vulpes cana) native to the Middle East and Central Asia.

Blanquism n
blankizm

Blanquist adj
blankistowski

Blanquist Blanquists n
blankista

Blasius pn
Błażej
A en given name.

Blitzen pn
Błyskawiczny
The eighth and last reindeer of Santa Claus.

Bloemfontein /ˈbluːmfɒnˌteɪn/ pn
Bloemfontein
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bluebeard pn
Sinobrody
A famous fairy tale written by Charles Perrault in 1697 about a violent nobleman who has the habit of murdering his wives and the attempts of his current wife to avoid the same fate.
The nobleman who is the title character of the story.

Bluetooth /ˈblutuθ/ /ˈbluːtuːθ/ pn
Sinozęby
The nickname of Harald Gormsson, a king of Denmark and Norway.
Bluetooth
(networking, trademark) An industrial specification for wireless personal area networks.

Bluey pn
marchewka rudzielec wiewiórka
(Australia, slang) A nickname commonly given to a red-headed person.

Blyth's pipit Blyth's pipits n
świergotek stepowy
Anthus godlewskii, medium-sized passerine bird which breeds in Mongolia and neighbouring areas of China, Tibet and India.

Blyth's reed warbler Blyth's reed warblers n
zaroślówka
Acrocephalus dumetorum, an Old World warbler.

Bobrovytsia pn
Bobrowica
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bobrynets pn
Bobryniec
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Boeotia /biːˈəʊʃə/ pn
Beocja
A district of Ancient Greece, formerly renowned for the French proverbially equating the residents with philistinism; now, a district in east Central Greece, situated on the peninsula, west of Euboea, north of Attica and Megaris, and east of Phocis. The present-day capital of the prefecture is Livadeia.

Boeotian /biːˈəʊʃən/ more Boeotian most Boeotian adj
beocki
(historical) Pertaining to Boeotia.

Boer /bo(ɹ)/ /bɔː(ɹ)/ /ˈbɔɚ/ /ˈbʊɚ/ Boers n
Bur
(historical) A Dutch colonist in South Africa during the colonial era, especially a farmer.

Bogdan pn
Bogdan
A en given name.

Bogo-Indian Defence n
Obrona Bogolubowa

Bogomil /ˈbɒɡəmɪl/ Bogomils n
bogomił
(Christianity, historical) A member of a dualist Christian sect which flourished in the Balkans during the 10th to 15th centuries and was characterized by resistance to the state and church authorities.

Bogotá /ˌboʊɡəˈtɑː/ /ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː/ pn
Bogota
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bohemia /boʊˈhimiə/ Bohemias n
bohema

Bohemia /boʊˈhimiə/ pn
Czechy Bohemia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
A place name elsewhere:
TemplateParserError:LuaError (OS grid ref SU2019).
TemplateParserError:LuaError (OS grid ref TQ8010).
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError:

Bohemian /boʊˈhimi.ən/ adj
czeski
Of, or relating to Bohemia or its language. [from 16th c.]

Bohemian waxwing Bohemian waxwings n
jemiołuszka jemiołucha jemiołuszka zwyczajna
Any of species Bombycilla garrulus, a waxwing of northern latitudes.

Bohemism Bohemisms n
bohemizm czechizm
(countable) A word or idiom of the Czech language (that has been borrowed by another language).

Bohodukhiv pn
Bogoduchów
TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Bohuslav pn
Bohusław
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bokmål pn
bokmål
One of the two major written standards of Norwegian, literally meaning “book language”.

Bokovo-Khrustalne pn
Bokowo-Chrustalne
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bolekhiv pn
Bolechów
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Bolhrad pn
Bołgrad
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bolivia /boʊ.ˈlɪv.i.ə/ /bə.ˈlɪv.i.ə/ pn
Boliwia
(historical) , TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bolivian /bəˈlɪv.i.ən/ adj
boliwijski
Of, from, or pertaining to Bolivia, or the Bolivian people.

Bolivian /bəˈlɪv.i.ən/ Bolivians n
Boliwijczyk Boliwijka
A person from Bolivia or of Bolivian descent.

Bologna /bəˈloʊnjə/ /bəˈlɒnjə/ /bəˈləʊnjə/ Bolognas pn
Bolonia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError, the capital of Bologna and also of Emilia-Romagna.
A habitational surname from Italian.

Bolognese /ˌbɒləˈneɪz/ /ˌbɒləˈniːz/ /ˌbɒləˈnjeɪz/ adj
boloński
Of or relating to the city of Bologna or its inhabitants.

Bolshevik /ˈbol-/ /ˈboʊ̯lʃəvɪk/ /ˈbɑl-/ /ˈbɒlʃəvɪk/ /ˈbɔl-/ Bolsheviki Bolsheviks n
bolszewik bolszewiczka
(historical) A Russian communist revolutionary, member of the Bolshevik Party in the 1917 Communist Revolution of Russia.
(historical) A member of the Communist Party that ruled the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

Bolshevism /ˈbol-/ /ˈboʊl-/ /ˈbɑlʃəˌvɪzəm/ /ˈbɒlʃəˌvɪz(ə)m/ Bolshevisms n
bolszewizm
The Communist political ideology adopted by the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; Marxism-Leninism.

Bolshevization Bolshevizations n
bolszewizacja
The action or effect of bolshevizing something; making something Bolshevist.

Bolzano pn
Bolzano
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bombay duck Bombay ducks n
bombajka harpadon bombil
An edible lizardfish, Harpadon nehereus, found in the waters around Mumbai

Bonaparte's gull Bonaparte's gulls n
mewa kanadyjska
Chroicocephalus philadelphia, a member of the gull family Laridae found mainly in northern North America.

Bonapartism /ˈbəʊnəpɑːtɪzəm/ /ˌboʊnəˈpɑɹ(ˌ)tɪzəm/ n
bonapartyzm
The practices and ideology of Napoleon Bonaparte

Bonapartist more Bonapartist most Bonapartist adj
bonapartystyczny
(historical) Of, pertaining to, or supporting, Bonapartism.

Bonapartist Bonapartists n
bonapartysta bonapartystka
(historical) A supporter or kin of Napoleon Bonaparte.

Bonaventure Bonaventures pn
Bonawentura
A surname transferred from the given name.

Bond girl Bond girls n
dziewczyna Bonda
One of the beautiful, seductive young women who appear in James Bond movies.

Bonifatius pn
Bonifacy
A en given name of mainly historical use in English.

Boolean /buːˈli.ən/ /ˈbuli.ən/ /ˈbuːl.i.ən/ adj
boolowski
(logic, computing) Pertaining to data items that can have “true” and “false” (or, equivalently, 1 and 0 respectively) as their only possible values and to operations on such values.

Bordeaux /bɔɹˈdoʊ/ /bɔːˈdəʊ/ pn
Bordeaux
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Boreas /ˈbɔɹɪəs/ /ˈbɔːɹɪəs/ pn
Boreasz
(Greek god) The god of the North Wind, Storms, Winter, Ice and Snow .

Borel measure Borel measures n
miara borelowska

Borel set Borel sets n
zbiór borelowski

Borel summation Borel summations n
suma borelowska

Borel transform Borel transforms n
transformacja borelowska
(math) A transform used in Borel summation.

Borel σ-algebra Borel σ-algebras n
σ-algebra borelowska

Boris /ˈbɔɹɪs/ Borises pn
Borys
A en given name.

Borjomi pn
Bordżomi
A resort town in south-central Georgia famous for its mineral water industry.

Bornean adj
borneański
From, or pertaining to, Borneo.

Bornean Borneans n
Borneańczyk
Someone from Borneo.

Borneo /ˈbo(ː)ɹnioʊ/ /ˈboənioʊ/ /ˈbɔɹnioʊ/ /ˈbɔːni.əʊ/ pn
Borneo
A Pacific island shared by Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia; the world’s third largest island.

Bornholm /ˈbɔɹn.həʊm/ pn
Bornholm
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Borshchiv pn
Borszczów
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Boryslav pn
Borysław
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Boryspil pn
Boryspol
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Borzna pn
Borzna
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Bose-Einstein condensate Bose-Einstein condensates n
kondensat Bosego-Einsteina
(physics) A gaseous superfluid phase of matter in which all the particles have the same quantum state.

Bosnia /ˈbɑz.ni.ə/ /ˈbɒz.ni.ə/ pn
Bośnia
The northern three-fourths of the country of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as a geographic and historical entity, not an administrative unit.

Bosnia and Herzegovina /ˈbɒz.ni.ə ænd hɜɹ.t͡sɨˈɡoʊ.vɨn.ə/ /ˈbɒz.ni.ə ænd ˌhɜɹ.t͡sɨ.ɡoʊˈviː.nə/ /ˈbɒz.ni.ə ənd hɜɹ.t͡sɨˈɡoʊ.vɨn.ə/ /ˈbɒz.ni.ə ənd ˌhɜɹ.t͡sɨ.ɡoʊˈviː.nə/ pn
Bośnia i Hercegowina
TemplateParserError:LuaError. Part of Yugoslavia until 1992.

Bosniak Bosniaks n
Boszniaczka Boszniak
A person belonging to an autochthonous South Slavic people living mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Sandžak region of Serbia and Montenegro.
A person typically characterized by their ties to the Bosnian historical region, traditional adherence to Islam, and common culture and language.

Bosnian /ˈbɑːzni.ən/ /ˈbɒzni.ən/ /ˈbɔːzni.ən/ more Bosnian most Bosnian adj
bośniacki
Of or pertaining to Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Bosnian people or their culture and language.

Bosnian /ˈbɑːzni.ən/ /ˈbɒzni.ən/ /ˈbɔːzni.ən/ Bosnians n
Bośniak bośniacki Bośniaczka
(uncountable) The standardized variety of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken primarily by Bosniaks in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Bosphorus /ˈbɑs.fɚ.əs/ /ˈbɑs.pɚ.əs/ /ˈbɒs.fəɹ.əs/ /ˈbɒs.pəɹ.əs/ pn
Bosfor
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Boston butt Boston butts n
karczek karkówka

Boston ivy Boston ivies n
winobluszcz trójklapowy
A perennial vine related to the grapevine, Parthenocissus tricuspidata, which, like true ivy (Hedera helix), is planted next to masonry buildings to grow on the walls. In spite of the name, Boston ivy is native to Japan, Korea and China.

Boston terrier Boston terriers n
terier bostoński
A medium-sized black and white dog.

Bostonian /bɒsˈtəʊniən/ adj
bostoński

Bostonian /bɒsˈtəʊniən/ Bostonians n
bostonka bostończyk
A person who was born in or who lives in Boston, Massachusetts.

Botox /ˈboʊtɑks/ /ˈbəʊtɒks/ pn
botoks
A toxic compound (generic name botulinum toxin type A) produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, that causes the paralysis of muscles, used in cosmetic surgery to conceal wrinkles and for muscle spasm relief and headache prevention.

Botoșani pn
Botoszany
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Botswana /bɑːtˈswɑːnə/ /bɒtˈswɑːnə/ pn
Botswana
The Republic of Botswana, since 1966

Botswanan more Botswanan most Botswanan adj
botswański
Of, from, or pertaining to Botswana, the Botswanan people or the Botswanan language.

Botswanan Botswanans n
Botswańczyk Botswanka
A person from Botswana or of Botswanan descent.

Boudica /bəʊˈdɪkə/ /ˈbuːdɪkə/ pn
Boudika Budyka
A queen of the British Iceni tribe that led an uprising against the occupying forces of the Roman Empire, died c. 61 CE

Bouvet Island pn
Wyspa Bouveta
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bowen /ˈboʊ.ən/ /ˈbəʊ.ən/ pn
Bowen
A surname from Welsh [in turn originating as a patronymic].
A en given name.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError:

Boxing Day /ˈbɑːksɪŋ deɪ/ /ˈbɒksɪŋ deɪ/ Boxing Days n
drugi dzień świąt
The day after Christmas; the 26th of December.

Boyarka pn
Bojarka
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Boötes /boʊˈoʊtiːz/ pn
Wolarz
(constellation) A circumpolar constellation of the northern sky, called the “bear-guard” or the “herdsman”. It includes the fourth-brightest star in the night sky, Arcturus.

Brabant /bɹəˈbænt/ /ˈbɹæbənt/ /ˈbɹɑːbənt/ pn
Brabancja
(historical) Until 1995, a province of central Belgium; since divided into Flemish Brabant, Brussels-Capital Region and Walloon Brabant.
Duchy of Brabant; a historical region, roughly comprising the area of modern Flemish and Walloon Brabant, Brussels, the Belgian province of Antwerp, and the Dutch province of North Brabant.

Brabantian adj
brabancki
Of or pertaining to Brabant or its people.
Of or pertaining to the Brabantian language.

Brahma /ˈbɹɑmə/ pn
Brahma
(Hinduism, Hindu god) Hindu god (deva) of creation and one of the Trimurti, the others being Vishnu and Shiva.

Brandenburg pn
Brandenburgia
Brandenburg an der Havel, a German town.
(historical) The lands of Brandenburg (Mark Brandenburg, Provinz Brandenburg), provinces of Prussia from 1815 to 1946.

Braslaw pn
Brasław

Brasília /bɹəˈziːli.ə/ pn
Brasília
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bratislava /ˌbɹætɨˈslɑːvə/ /ˌbɹɑːtɨˈslɑːvə/ pn
Bratysława
The region of Slovakia that includes the city of Bratislava.

Bratislavan more Bratislavan most Bratislavan adj
bratysławski
From or relating to Bratislava.

Bratislavan Bratislavans n
bratysławianin bratysławianka
Someone from Bratislava.

Bratslav pn
Bracław
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Brazil /bɹə.ˈzɪl/ [-ˈzɪɫ] pn
Brazylia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Brazilian /bɹə.ˈzɪ.lɪ.ən/ /bɹə.ˈzɪl.jən/ adj
brazylijski
Of, from, or pertaining to Brazil, or the Brazilian people.

Brazilian /bɹə.ˈzɪ.lɪ.ən/ /bɹə.ˈzɪl.jən/ Brazilians n
Brazylijczyk Brazylijka
A person from Brazil or of Brazilian descent.

Brazilian wandering spider Brazilian wandering spiders n
Ptasznik brazylijski Wałęsak brazylijski
A South American spider of the genus Phoneutria with a medically significant bite.

Brașov pn
Braszów
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Breda /bɹeɪˈdɑ/ /bɹeɪˈdɑː/ /ˈbɹeɪdɑ/ /ˈbɹeɪdɑː/ /ˈbɹeɪdə/ /ˈbɹidə/ /ˈbɹiːdə/ pn
Breda
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bregenz /ˈbɹeɪɡənt͡s/ pn
Bregencja
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bremen /ˈbɹeɪmən/ /ˈbɹɛmən/ pn
Brema
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError:

Brescia /ˈbɹɛʃə/ Brescias pn
Brescia
A habitational surname from Italian.

Brest /bɹɛst/ pn
Brest
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
Brześć
TemplateParserError:LuaError, on the border with Poland.

Breton /ˈbɹɛtən/ adj
bretoński
Of or pertaining to Brittany.

Breton /ˈbɹɛtən/ Bretons n
Bretonka Bretończyk
(countable) A person from Brittany.
(język) bretoński bretoński
(uncountable) The Celtic language of Brittany.

Brezhnev /ˈbɹɛʒnəv/ /ˈbɹɛʒnɛv/ pn
Breżniew
A transliteration of the Russian surname Бре́жнев (Bréžnev); usually refers to the Russian revolutionary and Soviet Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU(b) Leonid Brezhnev.

Brezhnevian more Brezhnevian most Brezhnevian adj
breżniewowski
Of or pertaining to Leonid Brezhnev (1906-1982), General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1964.

Brianka pn
Brianka
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Briceni pn
Bryczany

Bridget /ˈbɹɪd͡ʒɪt/ pn
Brygida
A en given name.

Bridgetown /ˈbɹɪd͡ʒˌtaʊn/ pn
Bridgetown
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError (OS grid ref SS9233).
TemplateParserError:LuaError (OS grid ref SX3489).
TemplateParserError:LuaError (OS grid ref SX8160).
TemplateParserError:LuaError:
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Briseis /bɹaɪˈsiːɪs/ pn
Bryzejda
(Greek mythology) A legendary figure who features in the Iliad; a princess granted as concubine to Achilles after the sacking of her city, Lyrnessus, before the beginning of the story.

Bristol /ˈbɹɪstəl/ pn
Bristol
Several places in Canada:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, merged into the town of Florenceville-Bristol in 2008.
Several places in the United States:

Britain /ˈbɹɪt.ən/ [ˈbɹɪt.n̩] [ˈbɹɪɾ.ᵊn̩] [ˈbɹɪʔ.ᵊn̩] Britains pn
Brytania
England, Scotland and Wales in combination.

British /ˈbɹɪtɪʃ/ [ˈbɹɪɾɪʃ] [ˈbɹɪʔɪʃ] more British most British adj
brytyjski
(historical) Of the ancient inhabitants of the southern part of Britain; Brythonic.

British /ˈbɹɪtɪʃ/ [ˈbɹɪɾɪʃ] [ˈbɹɪʔɪʃ] n
Brytyjczycy
The residents or inhabitants of Great Britain.
(history) The ancient inhabitants of the southern part of Britain before the Anglo-Saxon invasion.

British Columbia /ˈbɹɪt.ɪʃ kə.ˈlʌm.bi.ə/ pn
Kolumbia Brytyjska
Province in western Canada which has Victoria as its capital.

British Empire pn
Imperium Brytyjskie
(chiefly, _, historical) The United Kingdom and its overseas dependencies and colonies.

British English n
brytyjski angielski
The English language as written and spoken in the United Kingdom (in contrast with other places, particularly other countries where English is predominant or at least an important language)

British Guiana pn
Gujana Brytyjska
(historical) Guyana, when it was a British colony.

British Isles /ˌbɹɪ.tɪʃ ˈaɪlz/ pn
Wyspy Brytyjskie
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

British Virgin Islands pn
Brytyjskie Wyspy Dziewicze
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Briton /ˈbɹɪt.ən/ Britons n
Brytyjczyk Brytyjka
An inhabitant of Great Britain, particularly (historical) a Celt from the area of Roman Britain or (obsolete) a Welshman.

Brittany /ˈbɹɪtəni/ pn
Bretania
TemplateParserError:LuaError. [from 15th c.]
(obsolete, chiefly, poetic) The British Isles. [15th–19th c.]
A en given name.

Brno /ˈbɜːnəʊ/ /ˈbɝnoʊ/ /ˈbɹənəʊ/ pn
Brno
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Brody /bɹoʊdi/ pn
Brody
A surname from Scottish Gaelic, a variant of Brodie.
A en given name.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bronx /bɹɑŋks/ /bɹɒŋks/ pn
Bronx
Ellipsis of The Bronx: TemplateParserError:LuaError.
Ellipsis of The Bronx River: TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bronze Age pn
epoka brązu
(archaeology) A period in a civilization's development when the most advanced metalworking has developed the techniques of smelting copper from natural outcroppings and alloys it to cast bronze.
(mythology) One of the Classical Ages of Man, associated with warfare.

Brovary pn
Browary
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Brown Browns pn
Brązowski
(countable) A surname.
An Irish surname of Anglo-Norman origin, a translation of de Brún.

Brownie /ˈbɹaʊni/ Brownies n
zuchenka zuchna
(Britain, Canada, Australia) A junior Girl Guide.

Brownshirt Brownshirts n
brunatna koszula
(historical) A uniformed member of the German Nazi Party (NSDAP), especially a storm trooper of the Sturmabteilung.

Bruges /bɹuːʒ/ pn
Brugia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Brumaire /bɹuːˈmɛː/ /bɹʊˈmɛəɹ/ Brumaires pn
brumaire
(historical) The second month of the French Republican Calendar, from October 22, 23 or 24 to November 20, 21 or 22.

Brunei /bɹuːˈnaɪ/ pn
Brunei
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bruneian adj
brunejski
Of, from, or pertaining to Brunei, the Bruneian people.

Bruneian Bruneians n
Brunejczyk Brunejka
A person from Brunei or of Bruneian descent.

Brunswick pn
Brunszwik
TemplateParserError:LuaError; Braunschweig.

Brusselian adj
brukselski
Of, from, or pertaining to, Brussels.

Brusselian Brusselians n
brukselczyk brukselka
Someone from Brussels.

Brussels /ˈbɹʌsəlz/ pn
Bruksela
(metonym) The administrative apparatus of the European Union.

Brussels sprout Brussels sprouts n
brukselka kapusta brukselska
(chiefly, in the plural) The green vegetable Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera, a cabbage variety native to Belgium.

Brutalism n
brutalizm
(architecture) A style of modernist architecture characterized by angular geometry and overt signs of the construction process.

Brutus /ˈbɹutəs/ pn
Brutus
a Roman cognomen.

Bryansk pn
Briańsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Brythonic /bɹɪˈθɒnɪk/ more Brythonic most Brythonic adj
brytański
Of or relating to the Brythonic language subgroup, a set of Celtic languages.

Brăila /brəˈiːlə/ pn
Braiła

Bucephalus pn
Bucefał
(historical) The warhorse of Alexander the Great.

Bucha /ˈbuːt͡ʃə/ pn
Bucza
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Buchach pn
Buczacz
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Bucharest /ˌb(j)uːkəˈɹɛst/ pn
Bukareszt
(metonym) The Romanian government.

Bucharestian adj
bukareszteński
of, from or pertaining to Bucharest

Bucharestian Bucharestians n
bukaresztenka bukareszteńczyk
Someone from Bucharest.

Buckingham Palace pn
pałac Buckingham
The official London residence of the British monarch.

Buda-Kashalyova pn
Buda Koszelewska
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Budapest /ˈbjuːdəpɛst/ /ˈbuːdəpɛst/ /ˈbʊdəpɛst/ /ˌbjuːdəˈpɛst/ /ˌbuːdəˈpɛst/ pn
Budapeszt
(metonym) The Hungarian government.

Budapestian adj
budapeszteński
Of, from or pertaining to Budapest, Hungary.

Budapestian Budapestians n
budapesztenka budapeszteńczyk
A native or inhabitant of Budapest, Hungary.

Buddha /ˈbudə/ /ˈbʊdə/ /ˈbʊdːʰə/ pn
Budda
Siddhartha Gautama, the Nepali prince and Indian philosopher and teacher who founded Buddhism.

Buddhahood n
oświecenie stan buddy
(Buddhism) The state of being a buddha, or being spiritually enlightened by Buddhist or other teachings.

Buddhism /ˈbu.dɪ.zəm/ /ˈbʊ.dɪ.zəm/ Buddhisms n
buddyzm
The religion or philosophy derived from the teachings of Gautama Buddha.

Buddhist /ˈbudɪst/ /ˈbʊdɪst/ more Buddhist most Buddhist adj
buddyjski
Of, relating to, or practicing Buddhism.

Buddhist /ˈbudɪst/ /ˈbʊdɪst/ Buddhists n
buddysta buddystka buddyjka
A practitioner of the religion and philosophy of Buddhism.

Buenos Aires /-nɒs/ /-ɹiːz/ /-ɹɪz/ /ˈɛ(ə)ɹ-/ /ˈɛ(ə)ɹɪs/ /ˌbweɪnoʊs ˈaɪɹɪs/ /ˌbweɪnəs ˈaɪɹɪs/ /ˌbwɛn-/ pn
Buenos Aires
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bug pn
Bug
A river flowing northwest 450 miles between Belarus and Poland.

Buginese pn
bugijski
A Malayo-Polynesian language spoken in parts of Sulawesi, Indonesia

Bujumbura /ˌbuːdʒəmˈbʊəɹə/ /ˌbuːd͡ʒəmˈbʊɹə/ pn
Bużumbura
The largest city, and former capital, of Burundi.

Bukhara /buˈkɑːɹə/ pn
Buchara
TemplateParserError:LuaError, founded in the 6th century BCE.

Bukharan adj
bucharski
Of or related to Bukhara, Uzbekistan.

Bukovina pn
Bukowina
A historical region on the northern slopes of the northeastern Carpathian Mountains and adjoining plains, currently split between Romania and Ukraine.

Bulgaria /bʊlˈɡɛɹ.i.ə/ /bʌlˈɡɛə.ɹi.ə/ /bʌlˈɡɛɹ.i.ə/ pn
Bułgaria
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bulgarian /bʊlˈɡɑɹi.ən/ /bʊlˈɡɛɹi.ən/ /bʌlˈɡɛə.ɹi.ən/ /bʌlˈɡɛɹi.ən/ more Bulgarian most Bulgarian adj
bułgarski
Relating to Bulgaria, its people, or the Bulgarian language.

Bulgarian /bʊlˈɡɑɹi.ən/ /bʊlˈɡɛɹi.ən/ /bʌlˈɡɛə.ɹi.ən/ /bʌlˈɡɛɹi.ən/ Bulgarians n
Bułgar Bułgarka Bułgarzyn
(countable) A native of Bulgaria.
bułgarski
(uncountable) The official language of Bulgaria.

Bunhe pn
Bunhe
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Bunsen burner Bunsen burners n
palnik Bunsena
(science) A small laboratory gas burner whose air supply may be controlled with an adjustable hole.

Burdigalian pn
burdygał

Burgas pn
Burgas
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Burgenland /ˈbɜː(ɹ)ɡənlænd/ pn
Burgenland
The easternmost and least populous federal state of Austria.

Burgundy /ˈbɜːɡəndi/ /ˈbɝːɡəndi/ Burgundies n
burgund
A variety of red wine from this region.

Burgundy /ˈbɜːɡəndi/ /ˈbɝːɡəndi/ pn
Burgundia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Burkina Faso /bəɹˈkiːnə ˈfɑsoʊ/ pn
Burkina Faso
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Burkinabe /bɜɹˌkinəˈbeɪ/ /bɜː(ɹ)ˌkiːnəˈbeɪ/ /ˌbɜɹkinəˈbeɪ/ /ˌbɜː(ɹ)kiːnəˈbeɪ/ adj
burkiński
Of, from, or pertaining to Burkina Faso, the Burkinabe people or the Burkinabe language.

Burkinabe /bɜɹˌkinəˈbeɪ/ /bɜː(ɹ)ˌkiːnəˈbeɪ/ /ˌbɜɹkinəˈbeɪ/ /ˌbɜː(ɹ)kiːnəˈbeɪ/ Burkinabes n
Burkinka Burkińczyk
A person from Burkina Faso or of Burkinabe descent.

Burma /ˈbɜːmə/ /ˈbɝmə/ pn
Birma
TemplateParserError:LuaError. Officially known as Myanmar.

Burmese /bɜːˈmiːz/ /bɝˈmiz/ adj
birmański mjanmański
Of or relating to Burma (Myanmar) or its people or language.

Burmese /bɜːˈmiːz/ /bɝˈmiz/ Burmese n
Birmanka Birmańczyk Mjanmanka Mjanmańczyk
A person from Myanmar or of Burmese descent.
kot burmański kot burmski
(zoology) A medium-sized, short-haired domestic cat breed, originating in Thailand.

Burmese /bɜːˈmiːz/ /bɝˈmiz/ pn
birmański
The script in which the Burmese language is written.

Burshtyn pn
Bursztyn
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Burundi /bʊˈɹʊndi/ pn
Burundi
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Burundian more Burundian most Burundian adj
burundyjski
Of, from, or pertaining to Burundi, the Burundian people.

Burundian Burundians n
Burundyjczyk Burundyjka
A person from Burundi or of Burundian descent.

Burusho pn
Burusz

Buryat adj
buriacki
From, of, or pertaining to, Buryatia

Buryat Buryats n
Buriat Buriatka
Someone from Buryatia.

Buryatia pn
Buriacja
A republic of Russia to the south-east of the country, with capital Ulan-Ude.

Buryn pn
Buryń
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Busan pn
Pusan
TemplateParserError:LuaError. It is the second largest city and the largest port city in Korea. It is also well known for its beaches and port.

Bushism pn
buszyzm
The political philosophy associated with former US president George W. Bush or his father, former US president George H. W. Bush.

Busk pn
Busk
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Byalynichy pn
Białynicze
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Byarozawka pn
Brzozówka

Byblos pn
Byblos
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Bydgoszcz pn
Bydgoszcz
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Byelaazyorsk pn
Białooziersk
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Byelorussian SSR /ˌbjɛləˈrʌʃən/ pn
Białoruska SRR
Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, the name for Bolshevik Belarus which became a constituent republic of the Soviet Union (1919–1991).

Byerazino pn
Berezyna
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Bykhaw pn
Bychów
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Byron /ˈbaɪɹən/ pn
Bajron Byron
Lord Byron, George Gordon (Noel) Byron, 6th Baron Byron (January 22, 1788–April 19, 1824), a famous English poet and leading figure in romanticism.

Byronic /baɪˈɹɒn.ɪk/ more Byronic most Byronic adj
bajroniczny bajronowski bajroński

Byronically more Byronically most Byronically adv
bajronicznie

Byronism /ˈbaɪ.ɹən.ɪzm̩/ Byronisms n
bajronizm
Admiration or emulation of the poet Lord Byron.

Byronist Byronists n
bajronista bajronistka

Byronize v
bajronizować
To look at the world as if one were a Byronic character

Byzantine /baɪˈzæntaɪn/ /bɪˈzæntaɪn/ /ˈbɪzəntaɪn/ /ˈbɪzəntiːn/ more Byzantine most Byzantine adj
bizantyjski bizantyński
Of or pertaining to Byzantium.
(figurative) Overly complex or intricate, especially of bureaucracy.

Byzantine /baɪˈzæntaɪn/ /bɪˈzæntaɪn/ /ˈbɪzəntaɪn/ /ˈbɪzəntiːn/ Byzantines n
Bizantyjczyk Bizantyńczyk Bizantyjka
(historical) A native of Byzantium (modern-day Istanbul) or of the Byzantine empire

Byzantine Empire /ˈbɪzəntiːn ˈɛmpaɪə(ɹ)/ pn
Bizancjum cesarstwo bizantyjskie
(historical) The predominantly Greek-speaking continuation of the Roman Empire during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages with its capital city being Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul), originally known as Byzantium, which fell in 1453.

Byzantium /bɪˈzænti.əm/ pn
Bizancjum
(historical, by extension) The Byzantine Empire.

Bălți pn
Bielce
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Będzin /ˈbɛnd͡ʒiːn/ /ˈbɛnd͡ʒɪn/ pn
Będzin
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

C clef C clefs n
k klucz C
(music) A clef indicating the position of one-lined C on a staff.

C minor n
c-moll
(music) a minor key with the notes C, D, E♭, F, G, A♭, B♭/B
(music) the minor chord with a root of C

C++ pn
C++
(computer language) A multi-paradigm high-level compiled programming language, that is a more advanced form of C.

CCP pn
KPCh
Initialism of Chinese Communist Party. (Communist Party of China)

CCTV CCTVs n
telewizja przemysłowa telewizja obserwacyjna
Initialism of closed-circuit television; video surveillance.

CD /ˌsiːˈdiː/ CDs n
CD
Initialism of compact disc; a disc once commonly used to store data, and especially for the distribution of music and software.

CD burner CD burners n
nagrywarka CD
A device for recording audio, or saving data, onto a compact disc.

CD-ROM /siː.diːˈɹɒm/ CD-ROMs n
CD-ROM
compact disk - read only memory: an optical disc containing data that can be read (but not changed) by a computer

CE pn
n.e.
Initialism of Common Era, Current Era or Christian Era. Equivalent of AD. Like other era initialisms, often written in small caps.

CIS pn
WNP
Initialism of Commonwealth of Independent States.

CJK pn
CJK
Initialism of Chinese, Japanese, Korean (languages typically grouped because they all use writing systems derived from Chinese characters)

COPD COPDs n
POChP
(medicine) Initialism of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

COVID-19 /ˈkoʊ.vɪd naɪnˈtin/ /ˈkɒ.vɪd naɪnˈtiːn/ /ˈkəʊ.vɪd naɪnˈtiːn/ /ˈkʌ.vɪd naɪnˈtin/ pn
COVID-19
(disease) COVID-19 (disease)

CPR CPRs n
RKO
Initialism of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

CPU /(ˌ)siː(ˌ)piːˈjuː/ /ˌsi(ˌ)piˈju/ CPUs n
procesor
(computer hardware) Initialism of central processing unit.

CSTO pn
OUBZ
Initialism of Collective Security Treaty Organisation.

CV CVs n
CV cefałka curriculum vitae życiorys
Initialism of curriculum vitae.

Cadiz /kəˈdɪz/ /ˈkeɪ.diːz/ /ˈkɑːdɪz/ pn
Kadyks
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Caelum /ˈsiːləm/ pn
Rylec
(constellation) A summer constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a chisel.

Caesar /ˈkaɪzɑɹ/ /ˈkaɪzɑː/ /ˈkaɪzə/ /ˈkaɪzəɹ/ /ˈsizəɹ/ /ˈsiːzə/ Caesares Caesars n
cezar
A title of Roman emperors.

Caesar /ˈkaɪzɑɹ/ /ˈkaɪzɑː/ /ˈkaɪzə/ /ˈkaɪzəɹ/ /ˈsizəɹ/ /ˈsiːzə/ Caesares Caesars pn
Cezar
An ancient Roman family name, notably that of Julius Caesar.

Caesar salad Caesar salads n
Cezar sałatka Cezar
(gastronomy, countable, and, uncountable) A type of salad, generally made from romaine lettuce, croutons, parmesan cheese, coddled or hard-boiled eggs, fresh-ground black pepper and Worcestershire sauce.
A serving of such salad.

Caesarea /ˌsiːzəˈɹiːə/ pn
Cezarea
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError, including
, TemplateParserError:LuaError and TemplateParserError:LuaError.
, TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Caesarean section Caesarean sections n
cesarskie cięcie
Delivery of a baby through an incision in the womb.

Cagliari /ˈkæljəɹi/ /ˈkɑːljəɹi/ /ˌkæliˈɑːɹi/ pn
Cagliari
Province of Sardinia, Italy.
Capital and port of Cagliari and also the capital of Sardinia.

Cahul pn
Kaguł

Caiaphas /ˈkaɪ.ə.fəs/ pn
Kajfasz
A Jewish high priest in the first century CE who is said to have organized the plot to kill Jesus.

Cain /keɪn/ [kʰeɪn] pn
Kain
(biblical character) The son of Adam and Eve who killed his brother Abel.

Cairene adj
kairski
Of or pertaining to Cairo, the capital of Egypt.

Cairene Cairenes n
kairczyk kairka
A native or inhabitant of Cairo.

Cairo /keɪɹoʊ/ /kɛɹoʊ/ /ˈkaɪɹoʊ/ pn
Kair
TemplateParserError:LuaError, containing the capital city.

Cajetan /ˈkæd͡ʒətən/ pn
Kajetan
A en given name, of historical use.

Calabria /kəˈleɪbɹiːə/ /kəˈlæbɹiːə/ pn
Kalabria
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Calabrian /kəˈleɪbɹiːən/ /kəˈlæbɹiːən/ pn
kalabr
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Pleistocene epoch.

Calais /kæˈleɪ/ /ˈkæleɪ/ /ˈkælɪs/ pn
Calais
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Calapan /ˈkɑlɑpæn/ pn
Calapan
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Caleb /ˈkeɪ.ləb/ Calebs pn
Kaleb
(Biblical) Caleb the son of Jephunneh, an Israelite who entered Canaan with Joshua.

Caledonia /kælɪˈdəʊnɪə/ pn
Kaledonia
(archaic, poetic) Scotland, the northern part of the island of Great Britain.

Caledonian /ˌkæləˈdoʊni.ən/ /ˌkæləˈdəʊni.ən/ more Caledonian most Caledonian adj
kaledoński
In or from Caledonia; (jocularly) Scottish.
In or from New Caledonia.

California /-njə/ /ˌkæl.ɪˈfoɹ.ni.ə/ /ˌkæl.ɪˈfoɹ.njə/ /ˌkæl.ɪˈfɔɹ.njə/ /ˌkæl.ɪˈfɔː.ni.ə/ /ˌkæl.ɪˈfɔː.njə/ /ˌkæl.ɪˈfɔː.nɪ.ə/ [ˌkʰæl.ɪˈfo̞ɹ.njə] Californias pn
Kalifornia
Several places in the United States.

Californian more Californian most Californian adj
kalifornijski
Of or relating to California.

Californian Californians n
Kalifornijczyk Kalifornijka
A native or resident of the state of California in the United States of America.

Calliope /kə.ˈlaɪ.ə.pi/ /kə.ˈliː.ə.pi/ pn
Kaliopa
(Greek god) The Muse of eloquence and epic or heroic poetry; the mother of Orpheus with Apollo.

Callisto /kəˈlɪs.toʊ̯/ pn
Kallisto
(Greek mythology) A nymph of Artemis.
(astronomy) A moon of Jupiter.

Callovian pn
kelowej

Calvary /ˈkælvəɹi/ pn
Golgota Kalwaria
The hill outside Jerusalem which is traditionally held to be the location of the crucifixion of Jesus.

Calvin /ˈkælvɪn/ pn
Kalwin
A surname from French or Spanish, notably borne by John Calvin, French Protestant theologian.

Calvinism Calvinisms n
kalwinizm
The Christian religious tradition based upon the doctrines and forms of Christian practice of several Protestant reformers, especially John Calvin, in contrast to Catholicism, Lutheranism, Anabaptism, and Arminianism. One distinctive trait of the system is its Augustinian doctrine of predestination, which teaches that God has elected some for salvation, apart from anything they do or believe.

Calvinist /ˈkælvənɪst/ /ˈkælvɪnɪst/ more Calvinist most Calvinist adj
kalwiński kalwinistyczny
Of or pertaining to Calvinism or the Calvinists.

Calvinist /ˈkælvənɪst/ /ˈkælvɪnɪst/ Calvinists n
kalwinista kalwinistka
(religion) A follower of Calvinism.

Cambodia [kæmˈboʊdi.ə] pn
Kambodża
TemplateParserError:LuaError. Former name: Kampuchea.

Cambodian adj
kambodżański
of, from, or pertaining to Cambodia, the Cambodian people, or the Khmer language

Cambodian Cambodians n
Kambodżanin Kambodżanka
(countable) a person from Cambodia or of Cambodian descent

Cambrian /ˈkam.bɹɪ.ən/ /ˈkeɪm.bɹi.ən/ /ˈkæm.bɹi.ən/ pn
kambr
(geology) The Cambrian period.

Cambrian explosion /ˈkam.bɹɪ.ən ɪkˈspləʊ.ʒən/ /ˈkæm.bɹi.ən ɛkˈsploʊ.ʒən/ Cambrian explosions pn
eksplozja kambryjska
(evolutionary, _, biology) The relatively rapid appearance, during the Cambrian Period around 541 million years ago, of most major animal phyla, as demonstrated in the fossil record.

Camelopardalis pn
Żyrafa
(constellation) A faint circumpolar constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a giraffe.

Cameroon /kæməˈɹuːn/ pn
Kamerun
TemplateParserError:LuaError. It also claims Ambazonia.

Cameroonian adj
kameruński
Of, from, or pertaining to Cameroon, the Cameroonian people or the Cameroonian language.

Cameroonian Cameroonians n
Kameruńczyk Kamerunka
A person from Cameroon or of Cameroonian descent.

Camilla /kəˈmɪlə/ Camillas pn
Kamila
A en given name.

Camorra /kəˈmɒɹə/ /kəˈmɔɹə/ pn
kamora camorra kamorra
A secret crime organization from Naples, Italy, equivalent to the Mafia of Sicily.

Camorrista /ˌkaməˈɹɪstə/ /ˌkɑməˈɹistə/ Camorristas Camorristi n
kamorysta kamorystka
A member of the Camorra criminal organization.

Canaan /ˈkeɪneɪən/ /ˈkeɪniən/ /ˈkeɪnən/ pn
Kanaan
The name of multiple places in North America named after the historic region, including:

Canaan Dog Canaan Dogs n
pies kananejski
A herding dog native to Israel.

Canada /ˈkænədə/ [kʰeənədə] [kʰɛəɾ̃əɾə] Canadas pn
Kanada
(historical) Lower Canada 1791–1840 (also Canada East 1840–1867, now province of Quebec) or respectively Upper Canada (Canada West, now province of Ontario), often “the Canadas” (or politically, “United Canada” 1840–1867).
(historical) (1608–1763) The most active province of New France. Nowadays corresponds to the territory of much of Quebec, Ontario, and several US states (aligning with the Saint Lawrence River and Ottawa River plains and Great Lakes plains, and Laurentian Mountains)

Canadian /kə.ˈneɪ.di.ən/ [kʰə.ˈneɪ.ɾi.ən] more Canadian most Canadian adj
kanadyjski
Of, belonging to, or relating to Canada, its people or culture.
(informal) Of, belonging to, or relating to Canadian English.

Canadian /kə.ˈneɪ.di.ən/ [kʰə.ˈneɪ.ɾi.ən] Canadians n
Kanadyjczyk Kanadyjka
A native or inhabitant of Canada.
(sports, informal) Canadian national championship.
(sports) canoe (short for Canadian canoe, as opposed to kayak)

Canadian football n
futbol kanadyjski
A game similar to American football played on a field of 110 yards long and 65 yards wide (with two 20 yard-long endzones) in which two teams of 12 players attempt to get an ovoid ball to the end of each other's territory.

Canary Islands /kəˈnɛəɹi ˌaɪləndz/ pn
Wyspy Kanaryjskie
TemplateParserError:LuaError, near Morocco and belonging to Spain.

Canberra /ˈkæmbɹə/ /ˈkænbəɹə/ /ˈkænbɹə/ /ˈkænˌbɛɹə/ pn
Canberra
TemplateParserError:LuaError, located in the Australian Capital Territory.

Cancer /ˈkænsə/ /ˈkænsɚ/ pn
Rak
(zodiac constellations) A constellation of the zodiac supposedly shaped like a crab.
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the crab, ruled by the Moon and covering June 22 - July 22 (tropical astrology) or July 16 - August 15 (sidereal astrology).

Candace /ˈkæn.dɪs/ Candaces n
Kandake
(a Nubian queen).

Canes Venatici pn
Psy Gończe
(constellation) A dim spring constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a pair of hunting dogs (Chara and Asterion) held on a leash by Boötes and following the bear Ursa Major.

Canis Major pn
Wielki Pies
(constellation) A winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a dog following the hunter Orion. It includes the brightest star in the night sky, Sirius (sometimes called the Dog Star).

Canis Minor pn
Mały Pies
(constellation) A small winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a dog following the hunter Orion. It is most notable for including the eighth brightest star in the night sky, Procyon.

Cannes /ˈkæn/ pn
Cannes
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Cannizzaro reaction Cannizzaro reactions n
reakcja Cannizzaro
(organic chemistry) The disproportionation of an aldehyde into an alcohol and a carboxylic acid.

Cantabria /kænˈtæbɹiə/ pn
Kantabria
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Cantabrian more Cantabrian most Cantabrian adj
kantabryjski
From, or pertaining to, Cantabria

Cantabrian Cantabrians n
Kantabryjczyk
Someone from Cantabria.

Cantabrian pn
kantabryjski
A Romance language spoken in Cantabria.

Cantabrian Mountains pn
Góry Kantabryjskie
TemplateParserError:LuaError, stretching from the Pyrenees to the Galician Massif

Canterbury /ˈkæntəbəɹi/ /ˈkæntəbəɹɪ/ /ˈkæntəbɹɪ/ /ˈkɛntɘbɘɹi/ /ˈkɛntɘbɹi/ pn
Canterbury
TemplateParserError:LuaError, the City of Canterbury, formed in 1974, with its headquarters in the city itself.

Cantonese /kæn.təˈniz/ /kæn.təˈniːz/ adj
kantoński
Relating to the city of Guangzhou (Canton) or the province of Guangdong.
Relating to Cantonese people.
Relating to Cantonese language.
Relating to Cantonese food/cuisine.

Cantonese /kæn.təˈniz/ /kæn.təˈniːz/ Cantonese n
kantonka kantończyk
(countable) An inhabitant of Canton; a person of Canton descent.
kantoński
(uncountable) A dialect of the Cantonese language, spoken in Guangzhou (Canton), Hong Kong, Macau, and treated as the standard dialect of the Cantonese language.

Canute /kəˈn(j)uːt/ pn
Kanut
(historical) A en given name used in England from the eleventh to the thirteenth century.

Cape Town /ˈkeɪp ˌtaʊn/ pn
Kapsztad
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Cape Verde /keɪp ˈvɝd/ /keɪp ˈvɝdi/ pn
Republika Zielonego Przylądka Zielony Przylądek
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Cape Verdean Cape Verdeans n
Kabowerdyjczyk Kabowerdyjka
A person from Cape Verde or of Cape Verdean descent.

Cape fox Cape foxes n
lis przylądkowy
A fox (Vulpes chama) native to the Cape of south Africa.

Cape gooseberry Cape gooseberries n
miechunka peruwiańska
The fruit of this plant.

Cape of Good Hope pn
Przylądek Dobrej Nadziei
TemplateParserError:LuaError, near Cape Town.

Cape wagtail Cape wagtails n
pliszka obrożna
A wagtail of species Motacilla capensis, of the family Motacillidae, widespread in southern Africa

Capernaum pn
Kafarnaum
A biblical town in Galilee, archaeological site.

Capitanian pn
kapitan
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Permian period.

Capitol pn
Kapitol Stanów Zjednoczonych
The building in Washington, D.C., in which both houses of the Congress of the United States meet.

Capitoline Hill pn
Kapitol
The highest of the seven hills of Rome.

Cappadocia /-ˈdoʊkiə/ /kæpəˈdoʊʃə/ pn
Kapadocja
TemplateParserError:LuaError, in present-day Turkey.

Cappadocian /kæpəˈdəʊʃi.ən/ /kæpəˈdəʊʃən/ more Cappadocian most Cappadocian adj
kapadocki
Of or pertaining to Cappadocia.

Capricorn /ˈkæp.ɹɪˌkɔɹn/ /ˈkæp.ɹɪˌkɔːn/ pn
Koziorożec
(astrology) : The zodiac sign for the goat, ruled by Saturn and covering December 22 – January 20 (tropical astrology) or January 15 – February 14 (sidereal astrology).

Capricornus /ˌkæpɹɪˈkɔːnəs/ /ˌkæpɹɪˈkɔːɹnəs/ pn
Koziorożec
(constellation) a constellation of the zodiac supposedly shaped like a goat

Captain Obvious /-ən -/ /ˌkæptən ˈɑbviəs/ /ˌkæptɪn ˈɒbviəs/ Captains Obvious n
Kapitan Oczywisty
(humorous, usually, pejorative, sarcastic, very often preceded with thank you) Someone who makes superfluous or obvious statements.

Capuchin Capuchins n
kapucyn
A member of an order of Roman Catholic friars.

Caracalla /ˌkærəˈkælə/ pn
Karakalla
A Roman emperor who ruled from 211 to 217 C.E..

Caracas /kəˈɹækəs/ pn
Caracas
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Carboniferous adj
karboński
(geology) Of a geologic period within the Paleozoic era; comprises the lower, middle and upper Mississippian and lower, middle and upper Pennsylvanian epochs from about 345 to 280 million years ago, when coal was laid down.

Carboniferous pn
karbon
(geology) the Carboniferous period

Care Bears pn
Troskliwe Misie
A fictional group of multi-colored bear characters, originally painted in 1981 by artist Elena Kucharik to be used on greeting cards from American Greetings but in 1983, the characters were turned into plush teddy bears.

Caria pn
Karia
A historical region in the southwest corner of Asia Minor.

Carian /ˈkɛə.ɹɪ.ən/ /ˈkɛɚ.i.ən/ /ˈkɛɹ.i.ən/ /ˈkɛː.ɹɪ.ən/ adj
karyjski
Of, or relating to Caria, or its people, language or culture.

Carian /ˈkɛə.ɹɪ.ən/ /ˈkɛɚ.i.ən/ /ˈkɛɹ.i.ən/ /ˈkɛː.ɹɪ.ən/ pn
karyjski
An extinct Indo-European language in the Anatolian subgroup.

Caribbean /kəˈɹɪbiən/ /ˌkæɹɪˈbiːən/ adj
karaibski
Pertaining to the sea and region of the western Atlantic bounded by South America, Central America, and the islands of the West Indies (such as Cuba and Hispaniola).

Caribbean /kəˈɹɪbiən/ /ˌkæɹɪˈbiːən/ Caribbeans n
Karaib Karaibka
(countable) A member of the Amerindian tribes that inhabited the Caribbean region before the arrival of the Europeans

Caribbean /kəˈɹɪbiən/ /ˌkæɹɪˈbiːən/ pn
Morze Karaibskie
Karaiby
The countries that occupy the region of the western Atlantic bounded by South America, Central America, and the islands of the West Indies (such as Cuba and Hispaniola)

Caribbean Sea pn
Morze Karaibskie
A tropical sea in the Western Hemisphere, part of the Atlantic Ocean, southeast of the Gulf of Mexico.

Carina pn
Kil
(constellation) A summer constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble the keel of a ship. It contains the star Canopus, the second brightest star in the night sky. Until 1763, it was part of a larger constellation, Argo Navis.

Carinthia /kəˈrɪnθiə/ pn
Karyntia
A federal state of modern Austria, with its capital in Klagenfurt.

Carmelite Carmelites n
karmelita karmelitanka
A member of the Order of the Brothers of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, a Catholic religious order focusing on contemplative prayer and the Virgin Mary.

Carniola /kɑɹniˈoʊlə/ pn
Kraina
(historical) A historical region of the Holy Roman and Austrian empires that comprised parts of what is now Slovenia.

Carniolan honeybee Carniolan honeybees n
krainka pszczoła kraińska pszczoła krajeńska
Apis mellifera carnica, a subspecies of the western honeybee

Caro-Kann Defence n
obrona Caro-Kann
(chess) A chess opening characterized by the moves 1.e4 c6, in which the white king's pawn advances two squares and the black king's bishop's pawn advances one square.

Carolina chickadee Carolina chickadees n
sikora karolińska
Poecile carolinensis, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

Caroline /ˈkæ.ɹəˌlaɪn/ /ˈkæ.ɹəˌlɪn/ /ˈkɛɹ.əˌlaɪn/ Carolines pn
Karolina
A en given name.

Carpathian more Carpathian most Carpathian adj
karpacki
Of or relating to the Carpathians.

Carpathians /kɑː(ɹ)ˈpeɪ.θi.ənz/ pn
Karpaty
A large mountainous system in Central Europe, mainly in Transylvania (Romania) and the Polish (Silesian)-Slovak border region.

Cartesian /kɑɹˈti.ʒən/ /kɑːɹ ˈtiːziən/ adj
kartezjański
Of, or pertaining to, Descartes, his mathematical methods, or his philosophy, especially with regard to its emphasis on logical analysis and its mechanistic interpretation of physical nature.
(mathematics, cartography) Of, or pertaining to, co-ordinates based on mutually orthogonal axes.

Cartesian /kɑɹˈti.ʒən/ /kɑːɹ ˈtiːziən/ Cartesians n
kartezjanin
One who follows the philosophy of Cartesianism.

Cartesian coordinates n
współrzędne kartezjańskie
(algebraic geometry) The coordinates of a point measured as its perpendicular distance to the right of a vertical axis (the y-axis) and its perpendicular distance above a horizontal axis (the x-axis).

Cartesian plane n
płaszczyzna kartezjańska
(geometry) A coordinate plane, with an applied Cartesian coordinate system.

Cartesian product Cartesian products n
iloczyn kartezjański produkt kartezjański
(set theory) The set of all possible pairs of elements whose components are members of two sets. Notation: X \times Y = \{(x,y)\|x\in X \land y\in Y\}.

Cartesianism n
kartezjanizm
The philosophical doctrines of René Descartes.

Carthage /ˈkɑɹθɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈkɑːθɪdʒ/ pn
Kartagina
Several places in the United States:

Carthaginian /ˌkɑɹθəˈd͡ʒɪniən/ /ˌkɑːθəˈd͡ʒɪniən/ adj
kartagiński
Of or pertaining to Carthage.

Carthaginian peace Carthaginian peaces n
nierówny pokój

Casablanca /kæsəˈblæŋkə/ pn
Casablanca Casablanka
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Casanova /ˌkæsəˈnoʊvə/ /ˌkæsəˈnəʊvə/ /ˌkæzəˈnoʊvə/ /ˌkæzəˈnəʊvə/ Casanovas n
casanova Don Juan donżuan
A man considered romantic and gallant, especially one who gives amorous attentions to women.
Don Juan casanova donżuan
A promiscuous, philandering man.

Casimir /ˈkæzɪmɪɚ/ pn
Kazimierz
A en given name.

Caspar pn
Kacper
(Biblical character) one of the Magi.
A en given name, more popular in the form Jasper.

Caspian /ˈkæspi.ən/ adj
kaspijski
Of or pertaining to Caspian Sea or the region around it.

Caspian Sea /ˈkæspi.ən ˈsiː/ pn
Morze Kaspijskie
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Caspian gull Caspian gulls n
mewa białogłowa
Larus cachinnans, a large gull.

Cassandra /kəˈsæn.dɹə/ /kəˈsɑːn.dɹə/ Cassandras n
kasandra
A person who makes dire predictions, especially those which are not believed but which turn out to be true.

Cassandra /kəˈsæn.dɹə/ /kəˈsɑːn.dɹə/ pn
Kasandra
(Greek mythology) A prophetess who was daughter of King Priam of Troy and his queen Hecuba. She captured the eye of Apollo and was granted the ability to see the future; however, she was destined never to be believed.

Cassia crossbill Cassia crossbills n
krzyżodziób wyżynny
Loxia sinesciuris, a passerine bird in the family Fringillidae, endemic to the South Hills and Albion Mountains in southern Idaho.

Cassiopeia /ˌkæs.i.əˈpiː.ə/ pn
Kasjopeja
(Greek mythology) Proud wife of Cepheus and mother of Andromeda, queen of Ethiopia. When she boasted that her beauty was equal to that of the Nereids, she was punished by Poseidon.
(constellation) A circumpolar constellation of the northern sky representing Queen Cassiopeia from Greek myth. The constellation lies between Cepheus and Perseus and contains the stars Schedar and Caph.

Castelnau's antshrike Castelnau's antshrikes n
chronka smolista
A passerine bird of the antbird family, Thamnophilus cryptoleucus.

Castile /kasˈtiːɫ/ /kəsˈtiːl/ pn
Kastylia
A medieval kingdom (and previously a county) in the Iberian Peninsula.

Castile and León pn
Kastylia i León
The largest of the autonomous communities of Spain, in the central north of the country.

Castile soap Castile soaps n
mydło kastylijskie
A kind of fine, hard, white or mottled soap, originally made with olive oil.

Castilian /kəˈstɪljən/ pn
kastylijski
(inexact, sometimes, _, offensive) Synonym of Spanish, the language of Spain and its former colonies.

Castries /ˈkæstɹiːz/ pn
Castries
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Catalan /ˈkæ.tə.lən/ /ˈkæ.tə.ˌlæn/ adj
kataloński
Of or pertaining to Catalonia.

Catalan /ˈkæ.tə.lən/ /ˈkæ.tə.ˌlæn/ Catalans n
Katalończyk Katalonka
A native or inhabitant of Catalonia.

Catalan /ˈkæ.tə.lən/ /ˈkæ.tə.ˌlæn/ pn
kataloński
The Romance language of Catalonia, an autonomous region in the northeast of Spain, also spoken in the Valencian autonomous region (where the language is officially named valencià), the Balearic Islands, Andorra, Roussillon in France, and the Sardinian city of Alghero.

Catalanness n
katalońskość
Identification or conformity with Catalan values and customs.

Catalonia /ˌkæt.əˈləʊn.i.ə/ pn
Katalonia
(historical) A traditional region and former principality, including the autonomous community of Catalonia, the Aragon Strip and the region of Northern Catalonia (France).

Catania Catanias pn
Katania
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
A habitational surname from Italian.

Catch-22 Catch-22s n
Paragraf 22 błędne koło paradoks literacki
(idiomatic) A difficult situation from which there is no escape because it involves mutually conflicting or dependent conditions.

Cathar /ˈkæθɑɹ/ Cathari Cathars n
katar
A member of certain so self-styled Novatian and other medieval Christian sects embracing a form of dualism and extraordinary practices purportedly adhering to Mary Magdalene's teachings, persecuted by Roman Catholics as heretics.

Cathay /kæˈθeɪ/ pn
Kataj
(archaic) TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Catherine /ˈkæθ(ə)ɹɪn/ pn
Katarzyna
A en given name.

Catholic /ˈkæθ(ə)lɪk/ more Catholic most Catholic adj
katolicki
Of the Western Christian church, as differentiated from e.g. the Orthodox church.
rzymskokatolicki katolicki
Of the Roman Catholic church in particular.

Catholic /ˈkæθ(ə)lɪk/ Catholics n
katolik katoliczka
A member of a Catholic church.

Catholic Church Catholic Churches n
Kościół katolicki
The Catholic Church, which consists of 24 particular churches in full communion with the Pope as the Bishop of Rome.

Catholicism /kəˈθɒlɪsɪzm/ Catholicisms n
katolicyzm
The faiths, practices and doctrines of the Catholic Church, usually the Roman Catholic Church.

Caucasian /-ʃən/ /kɑˈkeɪ.ʒən/ /kɔˈkeɪ.ʒən/ /kɔːˈkeɪ.zɪ.ən/ /kɔːˈkeɪ.ʒən/ more Caucasian most Caucasian adj
kaukaski
Of or relating to the Caucasus region or its culture, languages, and people.
(anthropology, dated) Of a racial classification pertaining to people having certain phenotypical features such as straight, curly, or wavy hair and very light to brown pigmented skin, and originating from Europe, parts of Northern Africa and Central, South, and Western Asia.

Caucasology n
Kaukazologia
The historical, linguistic or geopolitical studies of the Caucasus.

Caucasus /ˈkɔːkəsəs/ pn
Kaukaz
(geopolitical) A geopolitical region in Eastern Europe, deriving its name from the aforementioned mountains.

Cayenne /kaɪˈɛn/ /keɪˈɛn/ pn
Kajenna
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Cayman Islands pn
Kajmany
(metonym) offshore bank accounts based in the Cayman Islands.

Ceará /seɪ.əˈɹɑː/ pn
Ceará
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Cebes pn
Kebes
An ancient Greek philosopher from Thebes.

Cecil /ˈsiːsəl/ /ˈsɛsəl/ pn
Cecyliusz
A en given name.

Cecilia /sɪˈsiːli.ə/ /sɪˈsɪli.ə/ pn
Cecylia
A en given name.

Celia pn
Celia Celina
A en given name.

Celine pn
Celina
A en given name.

Celt /kɛlt/ /sɛlt/ Celts n
Celt
(historical) A member of one of the ancient peoples of Western Europe called Celtae by the Romans.

Celtiberian /ˌkɛlt.aɪˈbɪ(ə)r.i.ən/ /ˌkɛlt.ɪˈbɪ(ə)r.i.ən/ /ˌsɛlt.aɪˈbɪ(ə)r.i.ən/ /ˌsɛlt.ɪˈbɪ(ə)r.i.ən/ pn
celtyberyjski
An extinct Indo-European language of the Celtic branch spoken by these people in an area of the Iberian Peninsula lying between the headwaters of the Duero, Tajo, Júcar and Turia rivers and the Ebro river.

Celtic /ˈkɛltɪk/ /ˈsɛltɪk/ more Celtic most Celtic adj
celtycki
Of or relating to the Celts.

Celtic /ˈkɛltɪk/ /ˈsɛltɪk/ Celtics pn
celtycki
A branch of the Indo-European languages that was spread widely over Western and Central Europe in the pre-Christian era.

Celtic Sea pn
Morze Celtyckie
TemplateParserError:LuaError The area of the Atlantic Ocean off the south coast of Ireland bounded by Saint George's Channel, the Bristol Channel, the English Channel, and the Bay of Biscay.

Celtic cross Celtic crosses n
krzyż celtycki

Celtic studies n
celtologia
(humanities) the academic discipline occupied with the study of any sort of cultural output relating to a Celtic people

Cenomanian pn
cenoman

Cenozoic /k/ /s/ /ˌkeɪnəʊˈzəʊɪk/ /ˌkɛnɵˈzoʊɪk/ /ˌsinɵˈzoʊɪk/ /ˌsiːnɵˈzəʊɪk/ /ˌsɛnɵˈzoʊɪk/ /ˌsɛnɵˈzəʊɪk/ adj
kenozoiczny
(geology) Of or pertaining to the Cenozoic era.

Cenozoic /k/ /s/ /ˌkeɪnəʊˈzəʊɪk/ /ˌkɛnɵˈzoʊɪk/ /ˌsinɵˈzoʊɪk/ /ˌsiːnɵˈzəʊɪk/ /ˌsɛnɵˈzoʊɪk/ /ˌsɛnɵˈzəʊɪk/ pn
era kenozoiczna kenozoik
(geology) A geologic era within the Phanerozoic eon comprising the Paleogene, Neogene and Quaternary periods from about 65 million years ago to the present, when the continents moved to their current position and modern plants and animals evolved.

Centaurus /sɛnˈtɒrəs/ /sɛnˈtɔːrəs/ pn
Centaur
(constellation) A spring constellation of the northern sky (and autumn of the southern sky) with the outline of a centaur. It includes the stars Alpha Centauri (Rigil Kentaurus and Toliman), Proxima Centauri, and Hadar.

Central African Republic /ˈsɛntɹəl ˈæfɹɪkən ɹɪˈpʌblɪk/ pn
Republika Środkowoafrykańska
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Central America /ˌsɛntɹəl əˈmɛɹɪkə/ pn
Ameryka Centralna Ameryka Środkowa
The part of continental North America which lies between Mexico and South America.

Central American adj
środkowoamerykański
Of or pertaining to Central America

Central Asia pn
Azja Środkowa
A landlocked area of continental Asia comprising Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. In the USSR and the modern Russia, the area is called Middle Asia (Средняя Азия).

Central Asian more Central Asian most Central Asian adj
środkowoazjatycki
Of, from or pertaining to Central Asia.

Central Europe /ˈsɛntɹəl ˈjʊəɹəp/ /ˈsɛntɹəl ˈjʊɹəp/ pn
Europa Środkowa
A geographic region in the center of Europe, usually including Austria, Switzerland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Croatia and Germany.

Central European adj
środkowoeuropejski centralnoeuropejski
Of, from, or pertaining to Central Europe, its people, or its culture.

Central European Central Europeans n
Centralna Europejka centralny Europejczyk Środkowa Europejka Środkowoeuropejczyk Środkowoeuropejka Środkowy Europejczyk
A Central European person; one who comes from or lives in Central Europe.

Central Luzon pn
Centralny Luzon
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Cephalonia /ˌkɛfəˈləʊniə/ /ˌsɛfəˈləʊniə/ pn
Kefalinia
TemplateParserError:LuaError in the eastern Ionian Sea, the largest of the Ionian Islands.

Cephas /ˈsi.fəs/ pn
Kefas
The apostle Peter, using the name given to him by Jesus.
A en given name of biblical origin.

Cepheus /ˈsiːfi.əs/ /ˈsiːfjuːs/ pn
Cefeusz
(Greek mythology) Husband of Cassiopeia, king of Eritrea, father of Andromeda. There may be two mythical kings by this name.
(constellation) A circumpolar constellation of the northern sky, located between Draco and Cassiopeia and representing the king Cepheus from Greek myth. It contains the star Alderamin.

Cerberus /ˈsɝbəɹəs/ pn
Cerber
(Greek mythology) The giant three-headed dog who guards the entrance to Hades; and one of the many offspring of Echidna and Typhon.

Ceres /ˈsɪəɹiːz/ pn
Ceres
(Roman god) The Roman goddess of agriculture; equivalent to the Greek goddess Demeter.
(astronomy) A celestial body orbiting between Mars and Jupiter, the innermost dwarf planet; officially called (1) Ceres. (see usage notes)

Cetinje pn
Cetynia
TemplateParserError:LuaError, the historical capital of Montenegro (1878-1918).

Cetti's warbler /ˈtʃɛtiz/ Cetti's warblers n
wierzbówka zwyczajna
A small, Old World passerine bird, Cettia cetti, of the warbler family (Sylviidae).

Cetus pn
Wieloryb
(constellation) A winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a whale. It includes the star Mira.

Ceylon /seɪˈlɑn/ /siˈlɑn/ /sɪˈlɒn/ pn
Cejlon

Chad /t͡ʃæd/ pn
Czad
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Chadian adj
czadyjski
Of, from, or pertaining to Chad, a country in Africa.

Chadian Chadians n
Czadyjczyk Czadyjka
A person from Chad or of Chadian descent.

Chadic more Chadic most Chadic adj
czadyjski
(linguistics) Belonging or relating to the Chadic language family.

Chakavian pn
czakawski

Chaldea /kælˈdi.ə/ pn
Chaldeja
A region in the southern portion of Babylonia, Lower Mesopotamia, lying chiefly on the right bank of the Euphrates, but commonly used to refer to the whole of the Mesopotamian plain.

Chaldean /kælˈdi.ən/ adj
chaldejski
Of or pertaining to Chaldea specifically, or ancient Babylonia in general.

Chaldean /kælˈdi.ən/ Chaldeans n
Chaldejczyk Chaldejka
A native of Chaldea; a Chaldee.

Chamaeleon pn
Kameleon
(constellation) A small circumpolar constellation of the southern sky, imagined to resemble a chameleon, which lies south of the constellations Carina and Musca.

Champa /ˈtʃæm.pə/ pn
Czampa
(historical) A collection of Cham polities in what is now Vietnam from the 2nd century through 1832.

Champagne Champagnes n
Szampania
region of France

Changhsingian pn
czangsing

Channel Islands /ˈtʃænəl ˌaɪləndz/ pn
Wyspy Normandzkie
TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError: San Miguel, Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz, Anacapa, San Nicolas, Santa Barbara, Santa Catalina, San Clemente.

Chapman's antshrike Chapman's antshrikes n
chronka jasnobrzucha
A passerine bird of the antbird family (Thamnophilus zarumae).

Charlemagne /ˈʃɑɹləˌmeɪn/ /ˈʃɑːləˌmeɪn/ /ˈʃɑːrləmeɪn/ /ˌʃɑːrləˈmeɪn/ pn
Karol Wielki
One of the kings of the Franks from 768 to 814, crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 800 until his death in 814.

Charles /t͡ʃɑɹlz/ /t͡ʃɑːlz/ /t͡ʃɑ˞lz/ Charleses pn
Karol
A en given name.

Charles's law /ˌtʃɑːlz ˈlɔː/ pn
prawo Charles'a
(physics) The law stating that the density of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to its temperature at constant pressure.

Charlotte /ˈʃaɹlət/ /ˈʃaːlət/ /ˈʃɑɹlət/ /ˈʃɑːlət/ pn
Szarlota
A en given name.

Charon /-ɹən/ /ˈkɛəɹɑn/ /ˈkɛəɹɒn/ /ˈkɛəɹən/ /ˈkɛːrən/ /ˈʃɛəɹɑn/ pn
Charon
(Greek mythology) The ferryman of Hades, who rowed the shades of the dead across the river Styx.
(astronomy) The largest of the five moons of Pluto.

Chartism Chartisms pn
czartyzm
(historical) A working-class movement for political and social reform in the United Kingdom during the mid-19th century.

Chartist adj
czartystowski
(historical) Relating to Chartism.

Chartist Chartists n
czartysta
(historical) A supporter of the Chartism reform movement in the United Kingdom.

Charybdis /kəˈɹɪbdɪs/ pn
Charybda
(Greek mythology) A personification of the above whirlpool as a female monster.

Chasiv Yar pn
Czasiw Jar Czasów Jar

Chattian pn
szat
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Oligocene epoch.

Cheboksary /ˌt͡ʃɛbɒkˈsæɹiː/ pn
Czeboksary
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Chechen /ˈtʃɛ.tʃən/ /ˈtʃɛ.tʃɛn/ adj
czeczeński
Of or relating to the Chechen people.

Chechen /ˈtʃɛ.tʃən/ /ˈtʃɛ.tʃɛn/ Chechens n
Czeczen Czeczenka
A member of a Nakh people of the northern Caucasus and resident in the Russian republic of Chechnya.

Chechen /ˈtʃɛ.tʃən/ /ˈtʃɛ.tʃɛn/ pn
czeczeński
The language of the Chechens, a member of the Nakh family.

Chechenization n
czeczenizacja
The process of Chechenizing, that is assimilating into Chechen language or culture.

Chechenize v
czeczenizować
(transitive) To render Chechen, to assimilate into Chechen language or culture.

Chechnya /ˈt͡ʃɛtʃ.ni.ə/ [ˈt͡ʃɛtʃ.ɲi.ə] pn
Czeczenia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Cheka /ˈtʃɛkə/ pn
Czeka
(historical) The first of a succession of Soviet state security organizations, created in 1917.

Chekist Chekists n
czekista czekistka
(historical) An agent of the Cheka, the Soviet Russian secret police from 1917 to 1922, replacing the Okhrana secret police of Tsarist Russia; succeeded by the OGPU and NKVD.

Chelm [χɛlm] pn
Chełm
TemplateParserError:LuaError, known for the Jewish stories about its (mythical) stupid residents.

Chelyabinsk /tʃɛlˈjæbɪnsk/ pn
Czelabińsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Chemnitz /ˈkɛmnɪts/ pn
Kamienica Saska
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Chennai /ˈt͡ʃɛnaɪ/ pn
Chennai
TemplateParserError:LuaError, formerly known as Madras.
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Cherkasy pn
Czerkasy Obwód czerkaski
TemplateParserError:LuaError, on the Dnieper.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Cherkessk pn
Czerkiesk
The capital city of Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia.

Chernihiv /-ˈnihɪv/ /t͡ʃəɹˈnihiv/ /t͡ʃəˈniːhiːv/ /t͡ʃɛɹ-/ /ˈt͡ʃəɹnəˌhiv/ pn
Czernihów Obwód czernihowski
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Chernivtsi /t͡ʃəniːvˈtsiː/ /t͡ʃəɹnivˈtsi/ /t͡ʃəɹˈnivtsi/ /t͡ʃəˈniːvtsi/ pn
Czerniowce Obwód czerniowiecki
TemplateParserError:LuaError, on the Prut river.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Chernobyl /tʃɜːˈnɒbəl/ /tʃɜːˈnəʊbəl/ /t͡ʃɚˈnoʊbəl/ pn
Czarnobyl
(by extension) The 1986 nuclear accident which resulted in the abandonment of the aforementioned city.

Chernyakhovsk pn
Czerniachowsk Wystruć

Cherokee /ˈt͡ʃɛ.ɹə.ˌkiː/ pn
Czirokezi
An indigenous North American people.
czirokeski
Their Iroquoian language, spoken in Oklahoma and North Carolina.
A syllabary for the Cherokee language invented by Sequoyah.

Chervonohrad pn
Czerwonogród
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Cheshire cat /ˌtʃɛʃə ˈkat/ /ˌtʃɛʃɚ ˈkæt/ Cheshire cats pn
Kot z Cheshire Kot-Dziwak z Cheshire
A fictional cat with a broad fixed grin, made popular by Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865).

Cheshire cheese Cheshire cheeses n
cheshire chester
A dense and crumbly cheese produced in the English county of Cheshire.

Cheyenne /ʃaɪˈɛn/ Cheyenne Cheyennes n
Czejen Czejenka
A member of an indigenous people of the Great Plains in North America.

Chiang Mai /t͡ʃi.ɑːŋ ˈmaɪ/ pn
Chiang Mai
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
(historical) Synonym of Lanna, a former kingdom.
(historical) Synonym of Rattanatingsa, a former kingdom.
(geography, historical) Synonym of Chimay, an imaginary lake or marsh long thought to exist near Chiang Mai.

Chicago /ʃəˈkɑː.ɡo/ /ʃəˈkɔː.ɡo/ /ʃɪˈkɑ.ɡoʊ/ /ʃɪˈkɑː.ɡəʊ/ /ʃɪˈkɔ.ɡoʊ/ [ʃɪˈkä(ː).ɡo] pn
Chicago
TemplateParserError:LuaError, located on Lake Michigan.

Chieti pn
Chieti
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Chihuahua /t͡ʃɪˈwaʊ(w).ə/ /t͡ʃɪˈwɑːwɑː/ Chihuahuas n
chihuahua
The smallest breed of dog in the world, originating in Mexico and having large erect ears.

Chile /ˈt͡ʃileɪ/ /ˈt͡ʃilɛ/ /ˈt͡ʃiː.leɪ/ /ˈt͡ʃɪl.e/ /ˈt͡ʃɪli/ pn
Chile
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Chilean /t͡ʃɪˈleɪən/ /t͡ʃɪˈliːən/ /ˈt͡ʃɪli.ən/ adj
chilijski
Of, from, or pertaining to the nation or culture of Chile or its people.

Chilean /t͡ʃɪˈleɪən/ /t͡ʃɪˈliːən/ /ˈt͡ʃɪli.ən/ Chileans n
Chilijka Chilijczyk
A person from Chile or of Chilean descent.

Chimera /kaɪˈmɪɹə/ /kəˈmɪɹə/ /kɪˈmɪəɹə/ /kʌɪˈmɪəɹə/ pn
Chimera
(Greek mythology) A supposed fire-breathing monster in Lycia with the head of a lion, body of a goat, and tail of a dragon or snake, killed by the hero Bellerophon.

China /ˈt͡ʃaɪnə/ [ˈt͡ʃ(ʰ)aɪ̯nə] Chinas pn
Chiny Chińska Republika Ludowa
A nation or civilization occupying the country around the Yellow, Yangtze, and Pearl Rivers in East Asia, taken as a whole under its various dynasties.
Chiny
The principal state in this country, including (historical) an empire under various dynasties and (since 1949) the People's Republic of China.

China syndrome China syndromes n
chiński syndrom
(idiomatic, nuclear physics, uncountable) A hypothetical kind of catastrophic failure in which a nuclear reactor melts through the floor of its containment system and penetrates the Earth's surface, continuing downward as if (from a Western Hemispheric point of view) traveling through the planet toward China.

Chinaman /ˈt͡ʃaɪnəmən/ /ˈt͡ʃaɪnəmɪn/ Chinamen n
chinol
(dated, now, offensive) A Chinese person, or person of Chinese descent.

Chinatown /ˈtʃaɪnətaʊn/ /ˈt͡ʃaɪnəˌtaʊn/ Chinatowns n
chińska dzielnica
A district of a city or town (in a country other than China) in which there is a large concentration of Chinese residents and businesses.

Chinese /t͡ʃaɪˈniːz/ /ˈt͡ʃaɪniːz/ /ˈt͡ʃaɪˌniz/ /ˈt͡ʃʌɪˌniz/ /ˌt͡ʃaɪˈniz/ /ˌt͡ʃʌɪˈniz/ [ˈt͡ʃəɪˌniˑz] [ˌt͡ʃəɪˈniːz] more Chinese most Chinese adj
chiński
Of, from, or related to a language native to Han Chinese persons, often used generally of Chinese characters or particularly to refer to Standard Mandarin.

Chinese /t͡ʃaɪˈniːz/ /ˈt͡ʃaɪniːz/ /ˈt͡ʃaɪˌniz/ /ˈt͡ʃʌɪˌniz/ /ˌt͡ʃaɪˈniz/ /ˌt͡ʃʌɪˈniz/ [ˈt͡ʃəɪˌniˑz] [ˌt͡ʃəɪˈniːz] Chinese Chineses n
Chińczyk Chinka
(countable, chiefly, in the plural) A person/people from China or of Chinese descent.
chińszczyzna
(uncountable) Chinese cuisine.

Chinese /t͡ʃaɪˈniːz/ /ˈt͡ʃaɪniːz/ /ˈt͡ʃaɪˌniz/ /ˈt͡ʃʌɪˌniz/ /ˌt͡ʃaɪˈniz/ /ˌt͡ʃʌɪˈniz/ [ˈt͡ʃəɪˌniˑz] [ˌt͡ʃəɪˈniːz] pn
Chińczycy pismo chińskie
(uncountable, collective) The citizens of China, particularly citizens of the People's Republic of China.
chiński mandaryński
(uncountable) The branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family including Mandarin, Cantonese, Shanghainese, Minnan, and other closely related language varieties and dialects.

Chinese Crested Dog Chinese Crested Dogs n
grzywacz chiński
A toy dog that resembles a long-snouted Chihuahua with tufts of hair about the head and ears, tail and feet.

Chinese Taipei pn
Chińskie Tajpej
A name under which the Republic of China (Taiwan) participates in international organisations.

Chinese alligator Chinese alligators n
aligator chiński

Chinese water torture n
chińska tortura wodna
A form of torture in which water is repetitively dripped onto the forehead of a victim who is restrained.

Chinese whispers n
głuchy telefon
(games, mostly, UK) A game for several players in which a phrase, whispered by each person in turn to their neighbour, is often unwittingly misunderstood as it is transferred, to humorous effect by the time it reaches the last person and is compared with the original phrase.

Chink /t͡ʃɪŋk/ Chinks n
kitajec Żółtek
(slang, offensive, ethnic slur) A person of perceived Chinese ethnicity.

Chios /ˈki.ɑs/ /ˈkiː.ɒs/ pn
Chios
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Chita /t͡ʃɪˈtɑː/ /t͡ʃɪˈtə/ pn
Czyta
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Chitral pn
Czitral
The capital of the Chitral District, situated on the western bank of the Chitral River, in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It also served as the capital of the princely state of Chitral until 1969.

Chișinău /ˌkɪʃɪˈnaʊ/ pn
Kiszyniów
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Chloe /ˈkloʊ.i/ pn
Chloe
A en given name

Chloris pn
Chloris
(Greek god) A nymph and the goddess of flowers and spring. She is a daughter of Oceanus and Tethys, the wife of Zephyrus, and mother of Karpos. Her Roman counterpart is Flora.

Chop pn
Czop

Chopin Chopins pn
Chopin Szopen
A surname from French.

Chornobaivka pn
Czornobajiwka

Chornomorsk pn
Czarnomorsk

Chortkiv pn
Czortków
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Chorzów pn
Chorzów
A southern Polish city near Katowice in Silesia on the River Rawa.

Chosen People n
naród wybrany

Chow Chow Chow Chows n
chow-chow czau-czau
A chow, a Chinese breed of dog.

Christ /kɹaɪst/ Christs n
Chrystus
(arts) A figure or other artistic depiction of Jesus Christ.

Christ /kɹaɪst/ pn
Chrystus
(Christianity) The anointed one, the Messiah predicted by the Old Testament.
(Christianity) A title given to Jesus of Nazareth, seen as the fulfiller of the messianic prophecy.

Christ child pn
Boże Dziecię Dzieciąteczko Dzieciątko Dzieciątko Jezus Jezusek
(Christianity) the child Jesus

Christ the Redeemer pn
Chrystus Zbawiciel Statua Chrystusa Zbawiciela
A statue of Jesus Christ in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Christadelphian Christadelphians n
chrystadelfianin
A member of a particular nontrinitarian Christian denomination founded in the mid-19th century.

Christian /ˈkɹɪstjən/ /ˈkɹɪst͡ʃən/ /ˈkɹɪʃt͡ʃən/ more Christian most Christian adj
chrześcijański chrześcijanin
(not comparable) Of, like or relating to Christianity or Christians.

Christian /ˈkɹɪstjən/ /ˈkɹɪst͡ʃən/ /ˈkɹɪʃt͡ʃən/ Christians n
chrześcijanin chrześcijanka
(obsolete, England) A European, especially though not necessarily of the Christian religion.

Christian /ˈkɹɪstjən/ /ˈkɹɪst͡ʃən/ /ˈkɹɪʃt͡ʃən/ Christians pn
Krystian Krystiana
A en given name found in England since the twelfth century.
A en given name of medieval usage, rare today.

Christian Democracy n
chadecja chrześcijańska demokracja
A political ideology incorporating traditional family and church values alongside progressive values, such as welfare. It is closely linked with Roman Catholicism and its philosophy of economic and social justice.

Christian Democrat Christian Democrats n
chadek
(politics) A supporter of Christian Democracy.

Christian Democratic more Christian Democratic most Christian Democratic adj
chadecki
Of or pertaining to Christian Democracy or Christian Democrats.

Christian name Christian names n
imię chrzcielne
(Christianity) A first name formally given to a child at a Christian baptism.

Christiana Christianas pn
Krystiana
A en given name.
A surname originating as a matronymic.

Christianity /ˌkɹɪstiˈænɪti/ /ˌkɹɪst͡ʃiˈænɪti/ Christianities pn
chrześcijaństwo
An Abrahamic religion originating from the community of the followers of Jesus Christ.

Christianization Christianizations n
chrystianizacja
The act or process of converting or being converted to Christianity.

Christianize v
chrystianizować schrystianizować
(transitive) To cause to convert to Christianity.

Christianophobia n
chrystianofobia

Christina /kɹɪsˈtiːnə/ pn
Krystyna
A en given name.

Christmas /ˈkɹɪsməs/ Christmases Christmasses pn
Boże Narodzenie
(originally, Christianity) A festival or holiday commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ and incorporating various Christian, pre-Christian, pagan, and secular customs, which in Western Christianity is celebrated on December 25 (Christmas Day) in most places.

Christmas Day Christmas Days n
Boże Narodzenie pierwszy dzień świąt
The day on which Christmas is celebrated. It is December 25 in the West, and January 7 in some Eastern Orthodox churches.

Christmas Eve Christmas Eves pn
Wigilia
The evening before Christmas Day.
The day before Christmas Day.

Christmas Island pn
Wyspa Bożego Narodzenia
A non-self-governing territory of Australia, located in the Indian Ocean.

Christmas carol Christmas carols n
kolęda
(music genre) A carol (song or hymn) whose lyrics are on the theme of Christmas.

Christmas season Christmas seasons n
okres bożonarodzeniowy okres świąteczny
Christmastide, Yuletide; the Twelve Days of Christmas, starting on Christmas Day and ending on Epiphany, January 6.

Christmas tree /ˈkɹɪsməs tɹiː/ Christmas trees n
choinka
A conifer used during the Christmas holiday season, typically decorated with lights and ornaments and often a star or angel at its tip.

Christo- prefix
chrysto-

Christological more Christological most Christological adj
chrystologiczny
(theology) Of or pertaining to Christology

Christology /kɹɪˈstɒləd͡ʒi/ Christologies n
chrystologia
(uncountable) A field of study within Christian theology which is concerned with the nature of Jesus Christ, particularly with how the divine and human are related in his person.
(countable) A particular theory or viewpoint within the field of Christology, e.g. Chalcedonian Christology, Arian Christology, etc.

Christopher /ˈkɹɪs.tə.fɚ/ pn
Krzysztof
A en given name.
A surname originating as a patronymic.

Chromel n
chromel

Chronicles pn
Księga Kronik
(biblical) A book of the Jewish Tanakh, divided into two Books of Chronicles in the Christian Bible.

Chrysanthemum Throne pn
Chryzantemowy tron
(metonymically) The Japanese monarchy.

Chrysostom /ˈkɹɪsəstəm/ pn
Chryzostom
The epithet of John Chrysostom, Dio Chrysostom and several other people, given to them for their eloquence.

Chudniv pn
Cudnów
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Chudskoye pn
Jezioro Czudzkie Pejpus
A large freshwater lake on the border between Russia and Estonia, part of the larger Pskovsko-Chudskoye (Russian)/Peipus (Estonian) lake system.

Chuhuiv pn
Czuhujew
TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Chukchi /ˈt͡ʃukt͡ʃiː/ adj
czukocki
Relating to or coming from Chukotka.

Chukchi /ˈt͡ʃukt͡ʃiː/ Chukchi Chukchis n
Czukcza
(countable) A person belonging to the Chukchi nation native to the Chukotka peninsula

Chukchi /ˈt͡ʃukt͡ʃiː/ pn
czukocki
(uncountable) A Paleosiberian language spoken by Chukchi people in the easternmost extremity of Siberia, mainly in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug.

Chukchi Sea pn
Morze Czukockie
TemplateParserError:LuaError, between Chukotka and Alaska.

Chukotka pn
Czukotka
A peninsula in the northeastern extremity of Asia; Chukchi Peninsula
(astronomy) 2509 Chukotka, an asteroid.

Church Father /ˈt͡ʃɜːt͡ʃ fɑːðə(ɹ)/ /ˈt͡ʃɝt͡ʃ fɑ.ðɚ/ Church Fathers n
Ojciec Kościoła
(Christianity) One of a number of male Christian writers from Antiquity whose doctrinal work is considered authoritative by the later church.

Church Slavonic pn
cerkiewno-słowiański
A liturgical language of various Slavic church traditions, with dialectal basis of Old Church Slavonic mixed with vernacular lexical and phonological developments.

Church of England pn
Kościół Anglii
The English branch of the Christian Church; (since the 16th century) specifically the established Protestant church in England which is the mother church of the Anglican Communion.

Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints pn
Kościół Jezusa Chrystusa Świętych w Dniach Ostatnich
The major denomination of the Latter Day Saint movement, founded in the United States by Joseph Smith; the Mormon Church.

Church of Scotland pn
Kościół Szkocji
The national Presbyterian church of Scotland.

Chuukese Chuukese n
język chuuk
A member of an ethnic group in Oceania who speak the Chuukese language and constitute 48% of the population of the Federated States of Micronesia.

Chuvash /t͡ʃʊˈvɑːʃ/ adj
czuwaski
From, or pertaining to, Chuvashia

Chuvash /t͡ʃʊˈvɑːʃ/ Chuvashes n
Czuwasz Czuwaszka
Someone from, or pertaining to Chuvashia

Chuvashia /t͡ʃuːˈvɑːʃɪə/ pn
Czuwaszja
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Chyhyryn pn
Czehryń

Chystiakove pn
Czystiakowe
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Chöd pn
czod
A spiritual practice primarily found in Tibetan Buddhism.

Cicero /ˈkɪkɛɹoʊ/ /ˈkɪkɛɹəʊ/ /ˈsɪsəɹoʊ/ /ˈsɪsəɹəʊ/ Ciceros pn
Cyceron
The Roman statesman and orator Mārcus Tullius Cicerō (106–43 BC).

Cieszyn pn
Cieszyn
A city in southern Poland on Olza River, near the Czech border.

Cilicia /sɪˈlɪsɪə/ /sɪˈlɪʃə/ pn
Cylicja
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError, famed for cilice — haircloth made from the hair of Cilician goats

Cimmerian /sɪˈmɪəɹ.ɪ.ən/ /sɪˈmɪɹ.i.ən/ Cimmerians n
Kimmeryjczyk Kimmeryjka
(Greek mythology) Any of the mythical people supposed to inhabit a land of perpetual darkness.

Cinderella /ˌsɪndəˈɹɛlə/ Cinderellas pn
Kopciuszek
A popular fairy tale embodying a classic folk tale myth-element of unjust oppression and triumphant reward.
The main character in this story, a mistreated and impoverished girl. At a royal ball she meets a handsome prince who later identifies her by means of a dropped article, most commonly a slipper, and removes her from her poverty.

Cipriano Ciprianos pn
Cyprian
A surname.

Circassia pn
Czerkiesja

Circinus pn
Cyrkiel
(constellation) A small constellation of the southern winter sky, said to resemble a compass. It lies between the constellations of Centaurus and Triangulum Australe.

Cistercian Cistercians n
cysters
A member of a monastic order which follows the Benedictine rule and emphasizes silent contemplative prayer.

Cisuralian pn
cisural
(geology) the Cisuralian epoch

Citroën /ˈsɪtɹoʊn/ /ˈsɪtɹən/ /ˈsɪtɹəʊn/ Citroëns pn
Citroën
A car of the Citroën brand.

City of Angels pn
Miasto Aniołów

Clara /ˈklæɹə/ /ˈklɑːɹə/ /ˈklɛəɹə/ pn
Klara
TemplateParserError:LuaError; named Clara-Villerach since 2017.

Clarissa /kləˈɹɪsə/ Clarissas n
Klarysa
(Catholicism) Synonym of Poor Clare: a nun of the Order of Saint Clare.

Classical Arabic pn
klasyczny język arabski
The form of the Arabic language used in literary texts around the 8th to 10th centuries, standardized from ancient dialects of Arab tribes and the Qur'an.

Claude /klɔːd/ Claudes pn
Klaudiusz
(countable) A en given name.

Claudia /ˈklaʊ.di.ə/ /ˈklɔː.di.ə/ pn
Klaudia
A en given name, feminine form of Claudius.

Clement /ˈklɛmənt/ Clements pn
Klemens
A en given name, borne by an early pope and by several saints.

Cleopatra /kliːoʊˈpætɹə/ Cleopatras pn
Kleopatra
A given name of women in the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt; notably Queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt (69–30 BCE); last of the Ptolemy line.

Cleveland /ˈkliːv.lənd/ Clevelands pn
Cleveland
A former county in northeast England bordering North Yorkshire and County Durham, created in 1974 from parts of those two counties (mainly the County Borough of Teesside) and abolished in 1996.

Clio /ˈklaɪ.oʊ/ /ˈkliːoʊ/ pn
Klio
(Greek god) The goddess of history and heroic poetry, and one of the Muses; the daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne.

Cloelia pn
Klelia
(Roman mythology) A woman who saved Roman hostages from the Clusian camp.

Cluj-Napoca pn
Kluż-Napoka
(formal) TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Clytemnestra /ˌklaɪtəmˈnɛstɹə/ /ˌklaɪtɪmˈnɛstɹə/ pn
Klitajmestra
(Greek mythology) wife of Agamemnon, whom she killed after the Trojan War, whereupon was killed herself by their son Orestes

Coca-Cola pn
coca-cola cola kola
A particular cola soft drink (type of carbonated drink), produced by the Coca-Cola Company.

Cocha antshrike Cocha antshrikes n
chronka ekwadorska
A passerine bird of the antbird family, Thamnophilus praecox.

Cockaigne /kɒˈkeɪn/ /kəˈkeɪn/ pn
Kraj Kròla Goždzika Kukania
(medieval folklore) A land of plenty, luxury and idleness.

Cocytus pn
Kocyt Kokytos
A river of the underworld in Greek mythology.

Coele-Syria /ˌsiːliˈsɪɹi.ə/ pn
Celesyria
A Hellenistic region and imperial Roman province of Syria.

Coimbra /kuːˈĩbɹə/ /kəʊˈĩbɹə/ /ˈkwĩbɹə/ pn
Coimbra
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Cold War /ˌkoʊld ˈwɔɹ/ /ˌkəʊld ˈwɔː/ pn
zimna wojna
(historical) The period of hostility short of open war between the Soviet Bloc and the Western powers, especially the United States, between 1945 and 1991.

Collective Security Treaty Organisation pn
OUBZ Organizacja Układu o Bezpieczeństwie Zbiorowym
An intergovernmental military alliance of several post-Soviet countries.

Cologne /kəˈloʊn/ pn
Kolonia
TemplateParserError:LuaError, on the Rhine River.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Colombia /kəˈlʌm.bi.ə/ pn
Kolumbia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Colombian adj
kolumbijski
Of, from or relating to Colombia.

Colombian Colombians n
Kolumbijczyk Kolumbijka
A native or inhabitant of Colombia.
A native or inhabitant of Colombo, Sri Lanka.

Colombo /kəˈlɒm.bəʊ/ /kəˈlʌm.bəʊ/ /ˈkɒl.əm.bəʊ/ pn
Kolombo
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Colophon pn
Kolofon
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Colorado /kɑləˈɹædoʊ/ /kɑləˈɹɑdoʊ/ /kɒləˈɹeɪdoʊ/ /kɒləˈɹɑːdəʊ/ pn
Kolorado
Several settlements in the Americas.
(historical) The Territory of Colorado, a former territory of the United States.

Colorado beetle Colorado beetles n
stonka ziemniaczana
A beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, formerly Doryphora decemlineata, with black and yellow stripes, that is a serious pest of potatoes.

Colosseum pn
Koloseum
The largest stadium in the Roman empire, located near the center of Rome.

Colossians pn
List do Kolosan
(biblical) The twelfth book of the New Testament of the Bible, an epistle to the people of Colossae which is attributed to Paul the Apostle.

Columba /kəˈlʌm.bə/ /ˈkɑ.ləm.bə/ /ˈkɒ.ləm.bə/ pn
Gołąb
(constellation) A small winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a dove.

Columbus /kəˈlʌmbəs/ Columbuses n
Kolumb
A person who makes a great discovery.

Com. Coms. n
tow.
(as a title)

Coma Berenices pn
Warkocz Bereniki
(constellation) A small dim summer constellation of the northern sky, said to represent an offering of hair from Queen Berenice II of Egypt. Originally considered to represent the tuft of hair on the end of Leo's tail.

Comecon pn
RWPG
(historical) , a multinational economic organization that existed in the Eastern Bloc from 1949 to 1991.

Comet pn
Kometek
The fifth reindeer of Santa Claus.

Comintern /ˈkɒmɪntəːn/ pn
Komintern
(historical) An international association of Communist parties, established in 1919 by Vladimir Lenin and dissolved in 1943.

Common Era pn
naszej ery
(chronology) The secular equivalent of anno Domini and the Christian Era, the internationally recognized method of numbering years on the Gregorian calendar.

Commonwealth of Australia /ˈkɒmənˌwelθ əv ɒˈstreɪljə/ pn
Związek Australijski
The formal and full name of the country Australia.

Commonwealth of Independent States pn
Wspólnota Niepodległych Państw WNP
An alliance and confederation of nine former Soviet republics: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan formed as a successor to the Soviet Union.

Comorian /ˈkɒm.ə.ɹiən/ adj
komoryjski
Of, from, or pertaining to the Comoros, the Comorian people or the Comorian language.

Comorian /ˈkɒm.ə.ɹiən/ Comorians n
Komoryjczyk
A person from Comoros or of Comorian descent.

Comoros /ˈkɒm.ə.ɹoʊz/ pn
Komory
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Conakry /ˈkɑːnəkɹiː/ /ˌkɒnəˈkɹiː/ pn
Konakry
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Confucian more Confucian most Confucian adj
konfucjański
Of, pertaining to, or conforming to the teachings of Confucius.

Confucianism Confucianisms n
konfucjanizm
The philosophy and teaching of Confucius, which emphasizes self-cultivation, collective harmony, righteousness and the family structure.

Confucius /kənˈfju.ʃəs/ pn
Konfucjusz
An influential Chinese philosopher who lived 551 B.C.E. – 479 B.C.E.; personal name Kong Qiu (孔丘).

Congo /ˈkɑŋɡoʊ/ /ˈkɒŋɡəʊ/ /ˈkɔŋɡoʊ/ pn
Kongo Demokratyczna Republika Konga Kongo (Brazzaville)
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError which flows for about 4,380 km (2,720 miles) to the Atlantic Ocean in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Congolese /ˌkɒŋ.ɡəˈliːz/ adj
kongijski
Of, from, or pertaining to the Democratic Republic of Congo or its people.
Of, from, or pertaining to the Republic of Congo or its people.

Congolese /ˌkɒŋ.ɡəˈliːz/ Congolese n
Kongijczyk Kongijka
A person from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire).
A person from the Republic of the Congo.

Congress pn
Kongres
The two legislative bodies of the United States: the House of Representatives and the Senate.

Congress Poland pn
Królestwo Kongresowe Kongresówka Królestwo Polskie
(historical) The Kingdom of Poland created in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna as a sovereign state of the Russian part of Poland connected by personal union with the Russian Empire under the Constitution of the Kingdom of Poland until 1832.

Coniacian pn
koniak
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Late (Upper) Cretaceous epoch.

Connecticut /kə.ˈnɛ.tɪ.kət/ pn
Connecticut
TemplateParserError:LuaError that flows from northern New Hampshire into Long Island Sound.

Constantine /ˈkɑns.tənˌtiːn/ /ˈkɒns.tənˌtaɪn/ pn
Konstantyn Konstanty
A en given name.

Constantinople /ˌkɑn.stæn.tɪˈnoʊ.pəl/ /ˌkɒn.stæn.tɪˈnəʊ.pəl/ pn
Konstantynopol
Name of present-day Istanbul from 330–1930 C.E.. Previously known as Byzantium.

Constantinopolitan /ˌkɑnˌstæn.tɪ.noʊˈpɑ.lɪ.tən/ /ˌkɑnˌstæn.tɪ.nəˈpɑ.lɪ.tən/ /ˌkɒnˌstæn.tɪ.nəʊˈpɒ.lɪ.tən/ /ˌkɒnˌstæn.tɪ.nəˈpɒ.lɪ.tən/ adj
konstantynopolitański
Relating to Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul).

Constantinopolitan /ˌkɑnˌstæn.tɪ.noʊˈpɑ.lɪ.tən/ /ˌkɑnˌstæn.tɪ.nəˈpɑ.lɪ.tən/ /ˌkɒnˌstæn.tɪ.nəʊˈpɒ.lɪ.tən/ /ˌkɒnˌstæn.tɪ.nəˈpɒ.lɪ.tən/ Constantinopolitans n
konstantynopolitanka konstantynopolitańczyk
(historical) A native or inhabitant of Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul).

Constanța /kɒnˈstæntsə/ /kənˈstɑːn(t)sə/ pn
Konstanca
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Conté /ˈkɑnteɪ/ /ˈkɒnteɪ/ Contés n
Conté
(art) A drawing medium, usually square in cross-section, composed of compressed powdered charcoal or graphite mixed with a clay or wax base. [from mid 19th c.]

Cook Islands /ˈkʊk ˈaɪ̯.ləndz/ pn
Wyspy Cooka
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Copenhagen /ˈkoʊpənˌheɪɡən/ /ˈkoʊpənˌhɑɡən/ /ˌkəʊpənˈheɪɡən/ /ˌkəʊpənˈhɑːɡən/ pn
Kopenhaga
One of the former counties of Denmark.

Copenhagener Copenhageners n
kopenhażanin kopenhażanka
Someone from Copenhagen.

Copernican more Copernican most Copernican adj
Kopernikowy
Of or pertaining to Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543), the influential astronomer.
kopernikański kopernikowski
Of or pertaining to one or more of his theories.

Copernicus pn
Kopernik
Nicolaus Copernicus, a mathematician and astronomer who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the universe.

Copt /kɑpt/ /kɒpt/ Copts n
Kopt
A member of the Coptic Church.

Coptic /ˈkɑp.tɪk/ /ˈkɒp.tɪk/ adj
koptyjski
Of or pertaining to the Copts, the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria or to the Coptic language.

Coptic /ˈkɑp.tɪk/ /ˈkɒp.tɪk/ n
język koptyjski
The Afroasiatic language traditionally spoken by the Copts in Egypt, now extinct and used only as a liturgical language.

Coral Sea /ˈkɒɹəl ˈsiː/ pn
Morze Koralowe
A marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean off the north-east coast of Australia.

Corfu /ˈkɔɹ.fju/ pn
Korfu
TemplateParserError:LuaError, one of the Ionian Islands. The ancient name is Corcyra (Κόρκυρα), in Modern Greek Kérkira (Κέρκυρα).
The capital of Corfu.

Corinth /ˈkɒɹ.ɪnθ/ /ˈkɔɹ.ɪnθ/ pn
Korynt
TemplateParserError:LuaError near the city, connecting the Peloponnese to Europe.

Corinthia pn
Koryntia
A region or a prefecture in the northeast Peloponnese, with a population of over 200,000.

Corinthian /kəˈɹɪnθiən/ more Corinthian most Corinthian adj
koryncki koryntyjski
Of or relating to Corinth.
(architecture) Of the Corinthian Greek order.

Corinthian /kəˈɹɪnθiən/ Corinthians n
koryntczyk koryntianin koryntianka koryntyjczyk
An inhabitant or a resident of Corinth, and its suburbs.
An inhabitant, a resident of; a thing that originates from Corinthia

Corinthians pn
List do Koryntian
(biblical) Either of the two books in the New Testament of the Bible that are written as epistles to the people of Corinth and which are attributed to Paul the Apostle, Sosthenes and Timothy.

Cornelia /kɔɹˈniliə/ /kɔːˈniːlɪə/ pn
Kornelia
A en given name in quiet use since the 18th century.

Cornelius /kɔɹˈniliəs/ /kɔːˈniːlɪəs/ pn
Korneliusz Kornel
A en given name.

Cornish /ˈkɔːnɪʃ/ /ˈkɔːɹnɪʃ/ adj
kornwalijski
Of or pertaining to Cornwall, a county of southwest England.

Cornish /ˈkɔːnɪʃ/ /ˈkɔːɹnɪʃ/ pn
kornijski
The Celtic language of Cornwall, related to Welsh and Breton.

Cornishman Cornishmen n
Kornwalijczyk
A man from Cornwall.

Cornishwoman Cornishwomen n
Kornwalijka
A woman from Cornwall.

Cornwall /ˈkɔrn.wɑl/ /ˈkɔɹn.wɔl/ /ˈkɔː(ɹ)n.wəl/ pn
Kornwalia
The country of the Cornish, currently having the status of a royal duchy in England belonging to the male heir apparent to the reigning monarch, and consisting at least of the Cornwall County and the Isles of Scilly.

Corona Australis pn
Korona Południowa
(constellation) A small summer constellation of the northern sky said to resemble a crown.

Corona Borealis pn
Korona Północna
(constellation) A small constellation said to resemble a crown.

Coronis pn
Koronis
(Greek mythology) Any of several figures from Greek mythology

Corpus Christi pn
Boże Ciało
(Christianity) A feast day in honor of the Eucharist, observed by Roman Catholics and high-church Anglicans on the Thursday after Trinity Sunday.

Corse-du-Sud pn
Korsyka Południowa
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Corsica /ˈkɔɹsɪkə/ /ˈkɔːsɪkə/ pn
Korsyka
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Corsican /ˈkɔɹsəkən/ /ˈkɔː(ɹ)sɪkən/ more Corsican most Corsican adj
korsykański
of, from, or pertaining to Corsica, the Corsican people or the Corsican language

Corsican /ˈkɔɹsəkən/ /ˈkɔː(ɹ)sɪkən/ Corsicans n
Korsykanin Korsykanka
a person from Corsica or of Corsican descent

Corsican /ˈkɔɹsəkən/ /ˈkɔː(ɹ)sɪkən/ pn
korsykański język korsykański
the language of the Corsican people

Corvus pn
Kruk
(constellation) A constellation of the southern sky south of the constellation Virgo, said to resemble a crow.

Cosmas /ˈkɔzmæs/ /ˈkɔzmɑːs/ pn
Kosma
A en given name of mostly historical use.

Cossack /ˈkɑsˌæk/ /ˈkɒsˌæk/ /ˈkɔsˌæk/ Cossacks n
Kozak kozak Kozaczka
A member or descendant of an originally (semi-)nomadic population of Eastern Europe and the adjacent parts of Asia, formed in part of runaways from neighbouring countries, that eventually settled in parts of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Russian tsarist Empire and constituted a military caste, particularly in areas now comprising southern Russia and Ukraine.
kozak
A member of a military unit (typically cavalry, originally recruited exclusively from the above).

Costa Rica /ˌkoʊ.stə ˈɹi.kə/ /ˌkɑ.stə ˈɹi.kə/ /ˌkɒs.tə ˈɹiː.kə/ pn
Kostaryka
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Costa Rican adj
kostarykański
Of, from, or pertaining to Costa Rica.

Costa Rican Costa Ricans n
Kostarykanin Kostarykanka
A person from Costa Rica or of Costa Rican descent.

Cottbus /ˈkɑtbʌs/ /ˈkɒtbʌs/ pn
Chociebuż
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Coulomb gauge Coulomb gauges n
Coulomba prawo

Count Dracula pn
Hrabia Drakula
The fictional vampire in the novel Dracula by Bram Stoker.

Counter-Reformation pn
kontrreformacja
(historical) A period of Roman Catholic revival that aimed to combat the Reformation.

Courland /ˈkʊə(ɹ)lənd/ pn
Kurlandia
(historical) A duchy in that region.

Courlander Courlanders n
Kurlandczyk Kurlandka
Someone from Courland

Coventry /ˈkɑvəntɹi/ /ˈkɒvəntɹi/ /ˈkʌvəntɹi/ [ˈkʰɑvəntʃɹi] [ˈkʰɒvəntʃɹi] pn
Coventry
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Cracovian /kɹəˈkəʊvɪən/ adj
krakowski
of or from Krakow, Cracow

Cracovian /kɹəˈkəʊvɪən/ Cracovians n
krakowianin krakowianka
a person from Krakow, Cracow

Cracow /ˈkɹækaʊ/ /ˈkɹækoʊ/ /ˈkɹɑkaʊ/ /ˈkɹɑkoʊ/ pn
Kraków
TemplateParserError:LuaError, situated on the Vistula river, and the country's former capital.

Craiova /kraɪˈoʊvə/, /krɑːˈjɔːvɑː/, /krɑːˈjoʊvɑː/ /krəˈjoʊvə/ pn
Krajowa
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Crater pn
Puchar
(constellation) A dim spring constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a cup. It lies between the constellations Virgo and Hydra.

Creator pn
Stwórca
(religion) A god who created the Universe; God.

Cree /kɹiː/ pn
Kri
An aboriginal nation of North America.

Creole /ˈkɹeɪəʊl/ /ˈkɹeɪˌoʊl/ /ˈkɹiˌoʊl/ /ˈkɹiːəʊl/ Creoles n
Kreol Kreolka
A descendant of European settlers who is born in a colonized country. [from 17th c.]

Cretaceous /kɹəˈteɪ.ʃəs/ pn
kreda
(geology) The geologic period within the Mesozoic era that comprises lower and upper epochs from about 146 to 66 million years ago.

Cretan /ˈkɹiːtən/ adj
kreteński
Of or relating to Crete or its inhabitants.

Cretan /ˈkɹiːtən/ Cretans n
Kreteńczyk
An inhabitant or a resident of Crete.

Crete /ˈkɹiːt/ pn
Kreta
TemplateParserError:LuaError; it contains Chania, Iraklion, Lasithi and Rethimni.

Cretzschmar's bunting Cretzschmar's buntings n
trznadel modrogłowy
Emberiza caesia, a passerine bird in the bunting family Emberizidae.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease n
choroba Creutzfeldta-Jakoba
(disease, neurology) A rare, progressive, fatal disease of the nervous system, characterized by dementia and loss of muscle control. It is a prion disease, apparently transmissible from animals to humans by eating infected tissue, as well as from tissue interchanges among humans (e.g. corneal transplants, blood transfusions).

Crimea /kɹaɪˈmiːə/ /kɹaɪˈmɪə/ pn
Krym
Synonym of Crimean Peninsula: TemplateParserError:LuaError. A peninsula which juts southwards out of the Ukrainian mainland (to which it is connected by the Isthmus of Perekop) into the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, separating the Sea of Azov from the Black Sea.

Crimean /kɹaɪˈmi.ən/ adj
krymski
Denoting, of, or related to Crimea, a peninsula on the north of the Black Sea, separating it from the Sea of Azov.

Crimean /kɹaɪˈmi.ən/ Crimeans n
Krymianin Krymianka
Native or inhabitant of the Crimea.

Crimean Tatar n
krymskotatarski
A Turkic language of Crimea (Ukraine), Turkey, Romania, Russia, Bulgaria and Uzbekistan.

Crimean War pn
wojna krymska
(historical) A conflict held mostly in the Crimean Peninsula between October 1853 and February 1856, in which Russian troops were defeated to an alliance of France, the United Kingdom, the Ottoman Empire, and Sardinia.

Crimean peninsula pn
Półwysep Krymski
Crimea, a peninsula of southern Ukraine between the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov.

Crimplene n
bistor kremplina

Crispin /ˈkɹɪspɪn/ pn
Kryspin
A en given name.

Crișana pn
Kriszana

Croatia /-ʃi.ə/ /ˌkɹoʊˈeɪ.ʃə/ /ˌkɹəʊˈeɪ.ʃə/ pn
Chorwacja
TemplateParserError:LuaError. Part of Yugoslavia until 1991.

Croatian /ˌkɹoʊˈeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkɹəʊˈeɪ.ʃən/ more Croatian most Croatian adj
chorwacki
of or pertaining to Croatia, the Croatian people or their language

Croatian /ˌkɹoʊˈeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkɹəʊˈeɪ.ʃən/ Croatians n
Chorwat Chorwatka
An inhabitant of Croatia, or a person of Croatian descent.

Croatian /ˌkɹoʊˈeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkɹəʊˈeɪ.ʃən/ pn
chorwacki
A standardized variety of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken by Croats.

Croatian Sheepdog Croatian Sheepdogs n
owczarek chorwacki
A herding dog bred in Croatia.

Croatian studies n
kroatystyka
(humanities) An academic discipline that includes the study of literatures written in the Croatian language, Croatian linguistics, and Croatian sociolinguistics.

Croesus /ˈkɹiːsəs/ Croesi Croesuses n
krezus
(figuratively) A rich person.

Cronus pn
Kronos
(Greek mythology) The youngest of the twelve Titans, son of Uranus and Gaia; father to the first generation of Olympian gods and goddesses.

Crusade Crusades n
krucjata
Any of a series of religious campaigns by Christian forces from the 11th to the 13th century, mostly to capture the Holy Land from the Muslims who occupied it.

Crux /kɹʌks/ pn
Krzyż Południa
(constellation) A distinctive winter constellation of the southern sky, shaped like a cross. It appears in the flags of several countries in Oceania.

Ctesiphon /ˈstɛsɪfɒn/ /ˈtɛsɪfɒn/ pn
Ktezyfon
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError, abandoned in the 7th and 8th centuries.

Cthulhu /kəˈtuːluː/ /kəˈθuːluː/ pn
Cthulhu
A gigantic fictional humanoid alien god being described with a head resembling an octopus and dragon wings and claws, around whom an insane cult developed.

Cuba /ˈkjuːbə/ [ˈkjuː.bə] [ˈkjʉː.bə] pn
Kuba
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
A surname.

Cuban /ˈkjuːbən/ [ˈkju.bən] [ˈkjuː.bən] [ˈkjʉː.bən] adj
kubański
Of, from, or pertaining to Cuba, the Cuban people or the Cuban dialect.

Cuban /ˈkjuːbən/ [ˈkju.bən] [ˈkjuː.bən] [ˈkjʉː.bən] Cubans n
Kubanka Kubańczyk
A person from Cuba or of Cuban descent.

Cuman /ˈk(j)uːmən/ Cumans n
Połowiec
(historical) A member of a nomadic Turkic people of central Asia who ruled parts of Eurasia and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages.

Cupid /ˈkjuːpɪd/ pn
Amor Kupidyn Kupido
(Roman god) The god of love, son of Venus; sometimes depicted as a cherub (a naked, winged boy with bow and arrow). The Roman counterpart of Eros.
Kupid
(astronomy) A moon of Uranus.
Amorek
The sixth reindeer of Santa Claus.

Curaçao /ˈkjuːɹəsaʊ/ /ˌkuːɹəˈsaʊ/ pn
Curaçao
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Curia pn
kuria
The central administration of the Roman Catholic Church.

Curitiba pn
Kurytyba
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Curonian adj
kuroński
Of, from, or pertaining to Courland

Cyclades /saɪkleɪdz/ /ˈsɪklədiːz/ pn
Cyklady
An Aegean island chain in southeast-central Greece, surrounding the main island Delos, further including the islands of Andros, Naxos, Paros, Santorini, Syra, Tinos and Zea.

Cygnus pn
Łabędź
(constellation) A summer constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a swan. It includes the triple star system HD 188753 and the stars Deneb and Albireo.

Cynthia /ˈsɪnθiə/ Cynthias pn
Cyntia
A en given name.

Cypriot /ˈsɪp.ɹi.ət/ adj
cypryjski
Of, from, or relating to Cyprus.

Cypriot /ˈsɪp.ɹi.ət/ Cypriots n
Cypryjczyk Cypryjka
A person from Cyprus.

Cyprus /ˈsaɪ.pɹəs/ pn
Cypr
TemplateParserError:LuaError, named after the Mediterranean island (OS grid ref TQ4380).

Cyrenaica /saɪɹəˈneɪ.ɪkə/ pn
Cyrenajka
A Roman province on the North African coast, now part of Libya,

Cyrene /saɪˈɹiːni/ pn
Cyrena
(historical) an Ancient Greek colony in North Africa near the coast of Mediterranean Sea in the Cyrenaica region of present-day Libya.

Cyril /ˈsaɪɹəl/ /ˈsɪɹəl/ pn
Cyryl
A en given name; best known for a ninth century missionary to the Slavs.

Cyrillic /sɪˈɹɪl.ɪk/ adj
cyrylicki
Denoting an alphabet devised for writing the Old Church Slavonic liturgical language, and its adaptations used for several languages of Eastern Europe and Asia; of or relating to this writing system.

Cyrillic /sɪˈɹɪl.ɪk/ pn
cyrylica
The Cyrillic alphabet or writing system.

Cyrillization /ˌsɪrɪlɪˈzeɪʃən/ Cyrillizations n
cyrylizacja
The transliteration of text into the Cyrillic alphabet.

Cyrillize /ˈsɪɹəɫ.aɪz/ v
cyrylizować
(transitive) To transliterate something into the characters of the Cyrillic script.

Czech /t͡ʃɛk/ adj
czeski
Of, from, or pertaining to the Czech Republic (Czechia), the Czech people, culture, or language.

Czech /t͡ʃɛk/ Czechs n
Czech Czeszka
(countable) A person from the Czech Republic (Czechia) or of Czech descent.

Czech /t͡ʃɛk/ pn
czeski
(uncountable) A Slavic language primarily spoken in the Czech Republic.

Czech Republic /ˈtʃɛk ɹɪˈpʌblɪk/ pn
Republika Czeska Czechy
TemplateParserError:LuaError. Until 1993, part of Czechoslovakia.

Czech hedgehog Czech hedgehogs n
jeż
(military) A static antitank and anti-landing craft obstacle, widely used during World War II, constructed from three mutually-perpendicular steel rails connected in the form of a tripod.

Czech studies n
bohemistyka
An academic study of the Czech language, literature or culture. (This entry is a translation hub.)

Czechia /ˈt͡ʃɛkiə/ pn
Czechy
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Czechism Czechisms n
bohemizm czechizm
(countable) A word or idiom of the Czech language (that has been borrowed by another language).

Czechize v
bohemizować czechizować
(transitive) To render Czech, to assimilate into Czech language or culture.

Czechness n
czeszczyzna
The quality or characteristic of being Czech.

Czecho-Slovakia pn
Czecho-Słowacja
dated form of Czechoslovakia

Czechophone adj
czeskojęzyczny
Czech-speaking.

Czechoslovak more Czechoslovak most Czechoslovak adj
czechosłowacki
Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of Czechoslovakia or its people.

Czechoslovak Czechoslovaks n
Czechosłowak Czechosłowaczka
A native or inhabitant of Czechoslovakia

Czechoslovak Socialist Republic pn
Czechosłowacka Republika Socjalistyczna
(history) An anticapitalist country that existed from 1948 until 1990.

Czechoslovakia /ˌtʃɛk.əʊ.sləʊ.ˈvæk.ɪ.ə/ /ˌt͡ʃɛk.oʊ.sloʊ.ˈvɑk.i.ə/ /ˌt͡ʃɛk.ə.sloʊ.ˈvæk.i.ə/ /ˌt͡ʃɛk.ə.sloʊ.ˈvɑk.i.ə/ /ˌt͡ʃɛk.ə.sləˈvæk.i.ə/ /ˌt͡ʃɛk.ə.sləˈvɑ.ki.ə/ pn
Czechosłowacja
TemplateParserError:LuaError; now the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

Czechoslovakian /ˈtʃɛk.əz.lə.væk.i.ən/ /ˌt͡ʃɛk.ə.sloʊ.ˈvɑk.i.ən/ adj
czechosłowacki
Of or pertaining to the former nation of Czechoslovakia.

Częstochowa /ˌt͡ʃɛnstəˈkəʊvə/ pn
Częstochowa
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Côte d'Ivoire /ˌkoʊt diˈvwɑɹ/ /ˌkəʊt diːˈvwɑː/ pn
Wybrzeże Kości Słoniowej
The Ivory Coast, TemplateParserError:LuaError.

D-flat D-flats n
des
(music) A tone one semitone lower than a D, denoted D♭.

D-sharp D-sharps n
dis
(music) A tone one semitone higher than a D, denoted D♯.

DBMS DBMSes DBMSs n
SZBD
(databases, software) Initialism of database management system.

DE DEs n
równanie różniczkowe
Initialism of differential equation.

DIY /ˌdi.aɪˈwaɪ/ v
majsterkować pomajsterkować

DNA /ˌdiˌɛnˈeɪ/ /ˌdiːɛnˈeɪ/ DNAs n
DNA
(biochemistry, genetics) Initialism of deoxyribonucleic acid (“a nucleic acid found in all living things (and some non-living things such as certain viruses) which consists of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix; encoded in its structure are genetic instructions for development, functioning, growth, and reproduction”).

DPR pn
DRL
Initialism of Donetsk People's Republic.

DPRK pn
KRLD
Initialism of Democratic People's Republic of Korea.

DVD /ˌdi vi ˈdi/ /ˌdiː viː ˈdiː/ DVDs n
DVD
(initialism) digital video disc or digital versatile disc; an optical disc on which video is recorded in digital format, such as commercially-released movies and other video media.

DVD player DVD players n
DVD
An electronic device for playing DVDs.

Dacia /ˈdeɪsɪə/ /ˈdeɪʃə/ pn
Dacja
TemplateParserError:LuaError. The Dacian kingdom was conquered by the Romans and later named Romania after them.

Daco-Romanian n
dakorumuński
The standard Romanian language, distinguished from the Aromanian (Macedo-Romanian), Megleno-Romanian and Istro-Romanian languages.

Dada /ˈdɑːdɑː/ n
dadaizm
A cultural movement that began in Zürich, Switzerland during and as a reaction to World War I and peaked from 1916 to 1920, which primarily involved visual arts, literature (mainly poetry), theatre, and graphic design, and was characterized by deliberate irrationality, disillusionment, cynicism, nihilism, randomness, and rejection of the prevailing standards in art.

Daedalus /ˈdeɪdələs/ /ˈdiːdələs/ /ˈdɛdələs/ pn
Dedal
(Greek mythology) Greek mythological figure who crafted the waxen wings of Icarus.

Daffy Duck pn
Kaczor Daffy
A fictional anthropomorphic black duck in the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of animated cartoons by Warner Bros.

Dagestan /ˌdæɡɪˈstæn/ /ˌdæɡɪˈstɑːn/ pn
Dagestan
A Russian republic in the Caucasus region.

Dagestani /ˌdæɡɪˈstæni/ /ˌdæɡɪˈstɑːni/ Dagestanis n
Dagestanka Dagestańczyk
Someone from Dagestan

Dagmar /ˈdæɡmɑː(ɹ)/ pn
Dagmara
A en given name of Danish origin, in occasional use since the end of the 19th century.

Dakota /dəˈkəʊtə/ Dakotas n
Dakotyjczyk Dakotyjka
A member of the Dakota people

Dakota /dəˈkəʊtə/ Dakotas pn
Dakota
The Santee branch of the Sioux people.
The language of these people.

Dalai Lama /ˈdælaɪ ˈlɑːmə/ /ˈdɑːlaɪ ˈlɑːmə/ Dalai Lamas n
dalajlama
(Tibetan Buddhism) The supreme head of Tibetan Buddhism, believed to be an incarnation of Avalokitesvara, and considered the spiritual leader of the Tibetan people.

Dall sheep Dall sheep n
owca śnieżna
A species of wild sheep native to northwestern North America, Ovis dalli.

Dalmatia /dælˈmeɪʃə/ pn
Dalmacja
TemplateParserError:LuaError, on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea.
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Dalmatian /dælˈmeɪ.ʃən/ more Dalmatian most Dalmatian adj
dalmacki dalmatyński
Relating to Dalmatia or its people.

Dalmatian /dælˈmeɪ.ʃən/ Dalmatians n
dalmatyńczyk
One of a breed of dog with a short, white coat with dark spots.
Dalmata Dalmatyńczyk Dalmatka Dalmatynka
(demonym) A native or inhabitant of Dalmatia.

Damascene /ˈdæməˌsiːn/ more Damascene most Damascene adj
damasceński
Of or relating to Damascus.

Damascus /dəˈmæskəs/ /dəˈmɑːskəs/ pn
Damaszek
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Damascus steel Damascus steels n
stal damasceńska
A kind of steel used in swordmaking from about 300 BC to 1700 AD, characterized by distinctive patterns of banding and mottling reminiscent of flowing water.

Damian /ˈdeɪmɪən/ pn
Damian
A en given name.

Danbo /ˈdænbəʊ/ n
Danbo
A semi-soft, aged cow's milk cheese originating in Denmark, where it is a common household cheese.

Dancer pn
Tancerz
The second reindeer of Santa Claus.

Dane /deɪn/ Danes n
Duńczyk Dunka
A person of Danish descent.

Danian pn
dan
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Paleocene epoch.

Daniel /ˈdænjəl/ /ˈdænəl/ [ˈdanjəl] pn
Księga Daniela Daniel
A book in the Old Testament of the Bible.
Daniel Księga Daniela
(biblical character) The prophet whose story is told in the Book of Daniel.
A en given name in regular use since the Middle Ages.

Danish /ˈdeɪ.nɪʃ/ adj
duński
Of or pertaining to Denmark.

Danish /ˈdeɪ.nɪʃ/ pn
duński Duński
The language of Danes and Denmark.

Dante /ˈdænteɪ/ /ˈdænti/ /ˈdɑnteɪ/ pn
Dante
A en given name, presumably in honor of the poet Dante Alighieri.

Dantesque /ˌdæntɪˈɛsk/ more Dantesque most Dantesque adj
dantejski
Of, pertaining to, or in the style of Dante; characterized by a formal, elevated tone and somber focus.

Danube /ˈdænjuːb/ pn
Dunaj
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Daphne /ˈdæfni/ pn
Dafne
(Greek god) A dryad pursued by Apollo, who was turned into a laurel tree by the river god Peneus.

Dar es Salaam /ˌdɑɹ.ɛs.səˈlɑm/ /ˌdɑːɹ.ɛs.səˈlɑːm/ pn
Dar es Salaam
TemplateParserError:LuaError, and former capital (till 1974).

Dard /dɑɹd/ /dɑːd/ Dards n
Dakotyjka Darda
A member of an ethnic group mainly from northern Pakistan, Kashmir, and parts of Afghanistan.

Dardanelles /ˌdɑɹ.dənˈɛlz/ /ˌdɑː.dənˈɛlz/ [ˌdɑɹ.dənˈɛɫz] [ˌdɑː.dənˈɛɫz] pn
Dardanele
The strait connecting the Sea of Marmara with the Aegean Sea to the west.

Dari /ˈdɑːɹi/ pn
dari
The dialect of the Persian language as spoken natively by approximately one-half of the population in Afghanistan and which serves as the interethnic lingua franca for the vast majority of the population; also referred to as Eastern Persian, Afghan Persian, or simply Persian.
(historical) A variety of Middle Persian, the court language of the late Sassanid period and of classical Persian poetry.

Daria /ˈdæɹɪə/ /ˈdɑːɹɪə/ pn
Daria
A en given name

Darius /ˈdæɹi.əs/ /ˈdɑɹi.əs/ pn
Dariusz
Any of several kings in Achaemenid dynasty of Persia, 6th to 4th century BCE.

Dark Ages pn
wieki ciemne
(see usage notes) The period of European history encompassing (roughly) 476–1000 CE.

Darriwilian pn
darriwil

Dartford warbler Dartford warblers n
pokrzewka kasztanowata
A small warbler, Sylvia undata, native to western Europe and northern Africa.

Darwin /ˈdɑɹwɪn/ /ˈdɑːwɪn/ pn
Darwin
A surname, especially referring to Charles Darwin (1809–1882), British naturalist and founder of the theory of evolution by natural selection.
A en given name, deriving from the Old English name Dēorwine and revived through the surname.

Darwinian /dɑɹˈwɪ.ni.ən/ /dɑːˈwɪ.ni.ən/ more Darwinian most Darwinian adj
darwinistyczny darwinowski
Of or pertaining to the scientific views advanced by the English biologist, geologist, and naturalist Charles Darwin, especially his theory that living organisms evolve through the natural selection of inherited variations that increase organisms' ability to compete, survive, and reproduce.

Darwinian /dɑɹˈwɪ.ni.ən/ /dɑːˈwɪ.ni.ən/ Darwinians n
darwinista darwinistka
An adherent of Charles Darwin's theory of the origin of species, or of Darwinism.

Darwinism /ˈdɑːwɪnɪzəm/ Darwinisms n
darwinizm
The principles of natural selection set out in Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species (1859), more strictly defined by August Weismann and developed by other authors into a central part of the modern evolutionary synthesis.

Dasher pn
Fircyk
The first reindeer of Santa Claus.

Daugava pn
Dźwina
TemplateParserError:LuaError, flowing through Russia, Belarus and Latvia to the Gulf of Riga.

Daugavpils pn
Dyneburg Dźwinów Dźwińsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Daurian jackdaw Daurian jackdaws n
kawka srokata
An Asian bird of the crow family (Coloeus dauuricus) closely related to the western jackdaw (Coloeus monedula).

David /ˈdeɪvɪd/ Davids pn
Dawid
(biblical character) The second king of Judah and Israel, the successor of King Saul in the Old Testament; the son of Jesse and the father of Nathan and King Solomon.
(rare) A en given name, often combined with a feminine middle name (e.g. David Ann).

Davidson /ˈdeɪvɪdsən/ pn
Dawidowicz
An English and Scottish surname originating as a patronymic.

Dažbog pn
Dadźbog
(Slavic god) One of the major gods of Slavic mythology, most likely a solar deity and possibly a cultural hero.

Dead Sea pn
Morze Martwe
TemplateParserError:LuaError, noted for high salinity and for its banks being the lowest land-based elevation on Earth.

Debaltseve pn
Debalcewo
TemplateParserError:LuaError, in Donetsk oblast.

Debar pn
Debar
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Debrecen pn
Debreczyn
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Decalogue /ˈdɛkəlɒɡ/ Decalogues n
dekalog
Any set of rules that have the weight of authority

Decameron /dɪˈkaməɹən/ /dɪˈkæməɹɑn/ /dɪˈkæməɹən/ pn
Dekameron
A collection of 100 short stories by Italian author Giovanni Boccaccio, probably begun in 1350 and finished in 1353.

Decapolis pn
Dekapol
A group of ten cities on the eastern frontier of the Roman Empire in Jordan, Syria, and Palestine.

December /dɪˈsɛm.bəɹ/ /dɪˈsɛmbə/ Decembers pn
grudzień
The twelfth and last month of the Gregorian calendar, following November and preceding the January of the following year, containing the southern solstice.

Decembrist adj
dekabrystowski
According to or derived from the politics or philosophy of the Decembrists.

Decembrist Decembrists n
dekabrysta dekabrystka
(historical) A participant in, or sympathizer with, the Decembrist revolt.

Dedekind cut Dedekind cuts n
przekrój Dedekinda
(mathematics) Any partition of the set of rational numbers into non-empty sets A and B such that all elements of A are less than all elements of B and A contains no greatest element; intended as a construction of a real number.

Deimos /ˈdaɪməs/ pn
Dejmos
(Greek mythology) A son of Ares (Latin: Mars), god of terror.
Deimos Dejmos
(astronomy) The outermost natural satellite of Mars.

Delaware /ˈdɛləweə(ɹ)/ /ˈdɛləwɛɹ/ pn
Delaware
Several places in the United States, named for the people or the state.

Delhi /ˈdɛl.i/ pn
Delhi
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Delphi /ˈdɛlfi/ [ˈdɛɫfi] pn
Delfy
A city of ancient Greece, the site of the Delphic oracle

Delphic /ˈdɛlfɪk/ more Delphic most Delphic adj
delficki
Of or relating to Delphi or its oracles.

Delphinus pn
Delfin
(constellation) A small summer constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a dolphin. It lies between the constellations Cygnus and Aquila.

Deluge pn
Potop
(Bible) The Biblical flood taking place in the story of Noah in Genesis.

Demeter /dəˈmiːtəɹ/ /dɪˈmiːtə/ /ˈdɛmɪtəɹ/ pn
Demeter
(Greek god) The goddess of the fertility of the Earth and harvests, protector of marriage and social order; daughter of Cronos and Rhea, mother to Persephone.

Demetrius /dɪˈmiːtɹɪəs/ pn
Demetriusz Dymitr
A en given name, of mostly historical use in English.

Democratic People's Republic of Korea /ˌdɛməˈkɹætɪk ˈpiːpəlz ɹɪˈpʌblɪk əv kəˈɹiːə/ pn
Koreańska Republika Ludowo-Demokratyczna KRLD
Official name of North Korea.

Democratic Republic of the Congo /ˌdɛməˈkɹætɪk ɹɪˈpʌblɪk əv ðə ˈkɒŋɡəʊ/ pn
Demokratyczna Republika Konga
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka pn
Demokratyczno-Socjalistyczna Republika Sri Lanki
Official name of Sri Lanka.

Democritus /dɪˈmɒkɹɪtəs/ pn
Demokryt
A Greek philosopher (c.460-c.370 BC). The originator of the atomic theory together with his teacher Leucippus.

Denmark /ˈdɛn.mɑɹk/ /ˈdɛn.mɑːk/ pn
Dania
The main part of the Kingdom of Denmark, excluding the Faroe Islands and Greenland; the metropole of the Kingdom of Denmark.
A number of places in other countries:

Denmark-Norway pn
Królestwo Danii i Norwegii
(historical) A former political entity consisting of the united kingdoms of Denmark and Norway, including overseas Norwegian dependencies of Iceland, Greenland, and the Faroe Islands.

Dennis /ˈdɛnɪs/ pn
Dionizy
A en given name.

Deposition pn
zdjęcie z krzyża
(Christianity) The removal of Jesus from the cross.

Derazhnia pn
Derażnia Dzierażnia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Derby /ˈdɑːbi/ Derbys n
Derby
A type of cheese made in Derby, England.

Derek /ˈdɛɹɪk/ pn
Teodoryk
A en given name.

Derhachi pn
Dergacze
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Dervish /ˈdɜː(ɹ)vɪʃ/ Dervishes n
derwisz
A member of a Sufi Muslim ascetic fraternity of mendicant friars.

Desdemona /ˌdɛzdəˈmoʊnə/ pn
Desdemona
Othello's wife in Shakespeare's play The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice, noted for being a victim of jealousy.
(astronomy) An inner moon of the planet Uranus.
(astronomy) 666 Desdemona, a main-belt asteroid discovered in 1908.

Desiderius /ˌdɛzɪˈdɪəɹɪəs/ pn
Dezyder Dezyderiusz Dezydery
A Latin en given name

Detroit /dɪˈtɹɔɪt/ /dɪˈt͡ʃɹɔɪt/ /ˈdiːtɹɔɪt/ pn
Detroit
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
(metonymy) The United States' automotive industry.

Deuteronomy /djuːtəˈɹɒnəmi/ /dutəˈɹɑnəmi/ /dʊˈtrɔnɔmi/ /dʒuːtəˈɹɒnəmi/ pn
Księga Powtórzonego Prawa Deuteronomium
The fifth of the Books of Moses in the Old Testament of the Bible, the fifth book in the Torah.

Deutsche Mark Deutsche Mark Deutsche Marks n
marka
(historical, numismatics) The former currency unit of Germany (now replaced by the euro), abbreviated as DM or DEM.

Devanagari /ˌdeɪvəˈnɑɡəɹi/ /ˌdeɪvəˈnɑːɡ(ə)ɹɪ/ /ˌdɛvəˈnɑːɡ(ə)ɹɪ/ pn
dewanagari
An abugida script used to write many languages originating in India and Nepal, including Sanskrit, Hindi, Marathi, Kashmiri, Sindhi, Maithili, Bhili, Konkani, Bhojpuri, and Nepali.

Dhaka /ˈdækə/ pn
Dhaka
TemplateParserError:LuaError, where the capital is located in.
TemplateParserError:LuaError, where the district and the capital are located in.

Dhivehi n
malediwski
An Indo-Aryan language, the official language of the Republic of Maldives.

Diana /daɪˈænə/ pn
Diana
(Roman god) The daughter of Latona and Jupiter, and twin sister of Apollo; the goddess of the hunt, associated wild animals and the forest or wilderness, and an emblem of chastity; the Roman counterpart of Artemis.
A en given name.

Dickens /ˈdɪkɪnz/ pn
Dickens
A surname originating as a patronymic, notably borne by Charles Dickens, English novelist.

Diego /diˈeɪ.ɡoʊ/ Diegos pn
Diego
A en given name.

Dijon mustard Dijon mustards n
Musztarda Dijon
A kind of mustard made with verjuice (or, more recently, white wine) instead of vinegar.

Diogenes /daɪˈɒdʒəniːz/ pn
Diogenes
An Ancient Greek en given name

Diogenes syndrome n
zespół Diogenesa

Dionysius /daɪəˈnɪsɪəs/ /daɪəˈnɪzɪəs/ pn
Dionizy
An Ancient Greek en given name

Dionysus /daɪəˈnaɪsəs/ /daɪəˈnaɪsɪs/ pn
Dionizos
(Greek god) The god of wine, ivy and grapes, specifically its intoxication and social influence, but also the patron of agriculture and the theater. Also related to the mystery of religion, as in "spiritual intoxication".

Discordianism /dɪsˈkɔɹdi.ənɪzəm/ /dɪsˈkɔː.di.ən.ɪzm̩/ pn
dyskordianizm
A minor modern religion with absurdist elements, often seen as a parody, based on the worship of Eris, the Greek goddess of discord and confusion.

Disney /ˈdɪzni/ pn
Disney
A surname from Old French.

Disneyan more Disneyan most Disneyan adj
disnejowski disneyowski
Of or relating to the American animator Walt Disney or his Walt Disney Company.

Disneyland /ˈdɪzniːˌlænd/ pn
Disneyland
The archetypical theme park, located in Anaheim, California. Other Disneyland theme parks exist in other cities such as Chessy (Seine-et-Marne, France), Tokyo, Shanghai, and Hong Kong.

District of Columbia pn
Dystrykt Kolumbii
The federal capital region of the United States of America. The City of Washington used to be a municipality within the District of Columbia until 1871, when two entities were merged. For this reason, the district is also generally known as Washington, D.C.

Djerba pn
Dżerba

Djibouti /d͡ʒɪˈbuːtiː/ pn
Dżibuti
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Dmitry pn
Demetriusz Dymitr
A transliteration of the Russian male given name Дми́трий (Dmítrij).

Dniester /ˈniːstər/ pn
Dniestr
TemplateParserError:LuaError, flowing through Ukraine and Moldova to the Black Sea.

Dnipro /dniːˈprəʊ/ /niˈproʊ/ /nɪˈproʊ/ /ˈdnɪ.prə/ /ˈni.proʊ/ /ˈnɪ.proʊ/ pn
Dniepr Dniepropetrowsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError, on the river.
, an oblast of Ukraine.

Dniprodzerzhynsk pn
Dnieprodzierżyńsk
(historical)

Dnipropetrovsk pn
Dniepropetrowsk Obwód dniepropetrowski
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
(historical)

Dniprorudne pn
Dniprorudne
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Dobermann Dobermanns n
doberman
A large breed of guard dog bred in Germany.

Dobromyl pn
Dobromil
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Dobropillia pn
Dobropole
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Dodecanese /ˌdəʊdɛkəˈniːz/ pn
Dodekanez
An island chain consisting of twelve main islands including Rhodes, its capital.

Doha /ˈdoʊ.hɑː/ /ˈdəʊ.hɑː/ pn
Ad-Dauha Doha Dauha
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Dokuchaievsk pn
Dokuczajewsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Dolomites /ˈdoʊl.əˌmaɪts/ /ˈdɒl.əˌmaɪts/ pn
Dolomity
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Dolyna pn
Dolina
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Dolynska pn
Dołynśka
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Dome of the Rock pn
Kopuła na Skale
A shrine, located on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem, which contains the Foundation Stone.

Dominic /ˈdɒ.məˌnɪk/ pn
Dominik
A en given name, best known for the Spanish saint who founded the Dominican order.

Dominica /də.ˈmɪ.nɪ.kə/ /ˌdɑ.mɪ.ˈniː.kə/ /ˌdɒ.mɪ.ˈniː.kə/ pn
Dominika
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Dominican /də.ˈmɪn.ɪ.kən/ /ˌdɑ.mɪ.ˈni.kən/ /ˌdɒ.mɪ.ˈniː.kən/ more Dominican most Dominican adj
dominikański
Of or belonging to the Dominican religious order.

Dominican /də.ˈmɪn.ɪ.kən/ /ˌdɑ.mɪ.ˈni.kən/ /ˌdɒ.mɪ.ˈniː.kən/ Dominicans n
Dominikanin
A person from the Dominican Republic or of its descent.
A person from the Commonwealth of Dominica or of its descent.
dominikanin
A member of the religious order founded by St. Dominic.

Dominican Republic /doʊˌmɪn.ɪ.kən ɹəˈpʌb.lɪk/ /dɒmˌɪn.ɪ.kən ɹɪˈpʌb.lɪk/ pn
Dominikana Republika Dominikańska
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Domodedovo pn
Domodiedowo
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Don /dɑn/ /dɒn/ pn
Don
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Don Juan Don Juans n
donżuan Romeo bałamut casanova kobieciarz lowelas
A man who obsessively seduces women.

Don Quixote /dɒn ˈkwɪksəʊt/ /ˌdɑn kiˈhoʊteɪ/ /ˌdɑn kiˈhoʊti/ /ˌdɒn kiːˈhəʊtɪ/ pn
Don Kichot Donkiszot
A famous 1605–1615 Spanish novel by Miguel de Cervantes (1547–1616), whose full title is El ingenioso hidalgo don Quijote de la Mancha (The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha).

Donald /ˈdɑn.əld/ /ˈdɒn.əld/ Donalds pn
Donald
A en given name.

Donald Duck pn
Kaczor Donald
One of the Disney cartoon characters, an anthropomorphic white-feathered duck who usually wears a sailor suit and is known for his voice especially in tantrums.
The asteroid 12410.

Donatism n
donatyzm
(Christianity) An early Christian belief which maintained that apostate priests were incapable of administering the sacraments, as opposed to the orthodox view that any sacrament administered by a properly ordained priest or bishop is valid, regardless of how sinful he is or if he has converted to another religion.

Donbas /-bæs/ /-ˈbɑːs/ /dɒnˈbɑːs/ /dʌnˈbæs/ /ˈdɑːnbɑːs/ /ˈdɒnbæs/ /ˈdɒnbɑːs/ pn
Donbas
(usually with definite article) An industrial region in eastern Ukraine.

Donets pn
Doniec
One of several rivers in Eastern Europe, including but not limited to:

Donetsk /dəˈnɛtsk/ pn
Donieck Obwód doniecki
(city and raion) TemplateParserError:LuaError, on the Kalmius river.
Obwód doniecki
(province) TemplateParserError:LuaError; former seat: Donetsk (prior to the Donbas War, where Russia occupied and set up puppet countries)
(country) TemplateParserError:LuaError; occupying 1/3 of the province, but claiming all the province, before the Russian invasion of all of Ukraine in 2022.
TemplateParserError:LuaError, on the Donets river.

Donetsk People's Republic pn
Doniecka Republika Ludowa
A partially-recognized secessionist state proclaimed in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine, on the 7th of April, 2014; it claims to be the successor state of the 1918 Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic and is one of two members of the Confederation of Novorossiya.

Donna /ˈdänːə/ /ˈdɑnə/ /ˈdɒnə/ pn
Donna
A en given name.

Donner pn
Profesorek
The seventh reindeer of Santa Claus.

Donohue syndrome n
krasnoludkowatość leprechaunizm zespół Donohue
(genetic disorder) A rare, severe genetic disorder resulting in elfin facial features and an impaired insulin receptor.

Doppler effect Doppler effects n
efekt Dopplera
The apparent change in frequency or wavelength of a wave that is perceived by an observer moving relative to the source of the waves.

Dorado pn
Złota Ryba
(constellation) A small constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a goldfish or swordfish. It lies between the constellations Pictor and Reticulum, and is notable for containing most of the Large Magellanic Cloud.

Dorian /ˈdɔːɹiən/ Dorians n
Dor
A member of the Dorians.

Doric pn
dorycki
The Ancient Greek dialect group once spoken in northwestern Greece, southern Italy, and Sicily.

Dorothy /ˈdɑɹ.ə.θi/ /ˈdɒɹ.ə.θi/ /ˈdɔɹ.ə.θi/ /ˈdɔɹ.θi/ pn
Dorota
A en given name.

Dorset /ˈdɔː(ɹ).sɪt/ pn
Dorset
TemplateParserError:LuaError which includes all of the traditional county except Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole, a separate unitary authority.

Dortmund pn
Dortmund
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Dot pn
Dosia
A diminutive of the en given name Dorothy

Douro pn
Douro Duero
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Dovhe pn
Dowhe
Ukrainian name of the village of Długie in southeastern Poland

Dovzhansk pn
Dołżańsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Down syndrome /-dɹəm/ /daʊn ˈsɪndɹoʊm/ /daʊn ˈsɪndɹəʊm/ pn
zespół Downa
(neurology, chiefly, US, Australia, New Zealand) A genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21 (a chromosomal excess), whereby the patients typically have a delay in cognitive ability and physical growth, as well as a small head and tilted eyelids. [from 1961.]

Dr Drs n
dr
Doctor, a title used before a doctor's name or surname (Dr Jane Doe, Dr Doe)

Draco /ˈdɹeɪkoʊ/ /ˈdɹeɪkəʊ/ pn
Smok
(constellation) A circumpolar constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a dragon. It features a line of stars (including Thuban) that winds between Ursa Major and Ursa Minor.
Drakon
The name of an Athenian lawgiver, known for the severity of his laws.

Dracula /ˈdɹækjələ/ /ˈdɹækjʊlə/ pn
Drakula
(fiction) The fictional vampire in the novel of the same name by Bram Stoker.
Wład Palownik
A former prince of Wallachia.

Drahichyn pn
Drohiczyn
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Drava /ˈdɹɑːvə/ pn
Drawa
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Dravet syndrome n
zespół Dravet

Dravidian /dɹəˈvɪdɪən/ Dravidians n
Drawida Drawidyjka
A member of any of several aboriginal peoples of India and Sri Lanka thought to have spread in India before Aryan migration.

Dravidian /dɹəˈvɪdɪən/ pn
drawidyjski
A family of related ethnicities and languages primarily in Southern India, Northeast Sri Lanka, and parts of Pakistan and Bangladesh.

Drenthe /ˈdɹɛntə/ pn
Drenthe
TemplateParserError:LuaError with Assen as capital and Emmen as largest city.

Dresden /ˈdɹɛzdən/ pn
Drezno drezdeński
(history, metonymically) The Bombing of Dresden.

Drin pn
Drin
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Drina pn
Drina
A river that flows northward 160 miles along the border of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia to empty into the Sava River.

Drohobych adj
drohobycki
Of, from, or pertaining to Drohobych, a city in Ukraine.

Drohobych pn
Drohobycz
TemplateParserError:LuaError, administrative centre of Drohobych Raion.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Drumian pn
drum

Drummond light Drummond lights n
światło Drummonda

Druskininkai pn
Druskieniki
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Druzhba pn
Drużba
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Druzhkivka pn
Drużkiwka
TemplateParserError:LuaError, in Donetsk oblast.

Dubai /duːˈbaɪ/ /dʊˈbaɪ/ pn
Dubaj
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Dubliany pn
Dublany
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Dublin /ˈdʊbᵊlən/ /ˈdʌblən/ /ˈdʌblɪn/ pn
Dublin
(metonym) The government of the Republic of Ireland.

Dubliner Dubliners n
dublinianka dublińczyk
Someone from Dublin, Ireland

Dubna pn
Dubna
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Dubno pn
Dubno
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Dubrovnik pn
Dubrownik
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Dubrovytsia pn
Dąbrowica
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Duckburg /ˈdʌkbɝɡ/ pn
Kaczogród
A fictional city, located in the fictional US state of Calisota, that serves as the home of Donald Duck, his surrounding cast, and several other anthropomorphic animals.

Dunaivtsi pn
Dunajowce
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Dunajec pn
Dunajec
A river in Poland and Slovakia.

Dunkirk /ˈdʌŋkɜː(ɹ)k/ pn
Dunkierka
Dunkerque, TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError (OS grid ref ST7886).
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Dushanbe pn
Duszanbe
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Dutch /dʌt͡ʃ/ adj
holenderski niderlandzki
Of or pertaining to the Netherlands, the Dutch people or the Dutch language.

Dutch /dʌt͡ʃ/ n
Holendrzy Niderlandczycy
(collective) The people of the Netherlands, or one of certain ethnic groups descending from the people of the Netherlands.

Dutch /dʌt͡ʃ/ pn
holenderski niderlandzki
The main language of the Netherlands, Flanders (i.e., the northern half of Belgium) and Suriname; Netherlandic.

Dutch auction /ˌdʌtʃ ˈɔːk.ʃən/ Dutch auctions n
aukcja holenderska
A reverse auction that starts at a high price that is gradually reduced by the auctioneer until someone is willing to buy.

Dutch elm disease n
holenderska choroba wiązu
(plant disease) A disease of elm trees caused by ascomycete fungi in the genus Ophiostoma and spread by bark beetles.

Dutchman /ˈdʌt͡ʃmən/ Dutchmen n
Holender Niderlandczyk
A Dutch man; a man from the Netherlands.

Dutchwoman /dʌt͡ʃˌwʊmən/ Dutchwomen n
Holenderka Niderlandka
A Dutch woman; a woman from the Netherlands.

Dzhankoi pn
Dżankoj
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Dzyarzhynsk pn
Dzierżyńsk

Dönmeh n
Donmeh Dönme
(historical) A group of crypto-Jews in the Ottoman Empire who, to avoid imprisonment after declaring arrival of the doomsday messiah, converted publicly to Islam, but retained their Jewish beliefs in secret.

Düsseldorf /ˈduːsəldɔɹf/ /ˈdʊsəldɔɹf/ /ˈdʊsəldɔːf/ pn
Düsseldorf rejencja Düsseldorf
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

EBRD pn
EBOR EBOiR
(finance) Initialism of European Bank for Reconstruction and Development.

ECB pn
EBC
Initialism of European Central Bank.

ED EDs n
SOR
Initialism of emergency department.

EEA pn
EOG
Initialism of European Economic Area (the area consisting of the European Union plus Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein).

EEC pn
EWG
(historical) Initialism of European Economic Community, forerunner of the European Community (EC) and the European Union (EU).

EFTA /ɛf.tɑː/ pn
EFTA
Initialism of European Free Trade Association.

Earth /ɜːθ/ /ɝθ/ Earths pn
Ziemia
The third planet of the Solar System; the world upon which humans live.

Earthling /ˈɜːθlɪŋ/ /ˈɝθlɪŋ/ Earthlings n
Ziemianin Ziemianka
(chiefly, science fiction) An inhabitant of Earth, as opposed to one of another planet; specifically, a sentient member of any species native to Earth. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

East /iːst/ Easts pn
Orient Wschód
The Eastern world; the regions, primarily situated in the Eastern Hemisphere, whose culture is derived from Arabia, India, Persia or China.
The Eastern Bloc; the eastern countries of Europe.

East African adj
wschodnioafrykański
Of, from, or pertaining to East Africa, its people, or its culture.

East Anglia pn
Anglia Wschodnia
TemplateParserError:LuaError occupied by Norfolk, Suffolk and parts of Cambridgeshire.

East Asia pn
Azja Wschodnia
The eastern part of Asia inclusive of China proper, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan and sometimes inclusive of Mongolia and Tibet and some or all of Southeast Asia and the Philippines.

East Asian adj
wschodnioazjatycki
Of, from, or pertaining to East Asia.

East Asian East Asians n
Wschodni Azjata Wschodni Azjatka
A person from East Asia.

East Berlin pn
Berlin Wschodni
(historical, 1949–1990) The Soviet sector of Berlin between 1949 and 1990.

East China Sea pn
Morze Wschodniochińskie
A marginal sea east of China, south of the Korean Peninsula, west of the Ryukyu Islands, and north of Taiwan.

East Coast pn
Wschodnie Wybrzeże
The eastern seaboard of the United States.

East Flanders pn
Flandria Wschodnia
One of the ten provinces of Belgium, with capital Ghent.

East German adj
wschodnioniemiecki
Of, from, or pertaining to East Germany, its people, or its culture.

East Germany pn
Niemcy Wschodnie
(historical, 1949–1990) A former Communist country of Central Europe between 1949 and 1990, officially called the German Democratic Republic (GDR), capital East Berlin.

East Malaysia pn
Malezja Wschodnia
The eastern half of the country of Malaysia on the island of Borneo, consisting of Sarawak, Sabah and Labuan.

East Siberian Sea pn
Morze Wschodniosyberyjskie
TemplateParserError:LuaError. This sea is bordering on the Laptev Sea in the West and the Chukchi Sea in the East.

East Slavic adj
wschodniosłowiański
Of or relating to the East Slavs, their culture or language(s).

East Timor pn
Timor Wschodni
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

East Timorese /ˈiːst tɪ.məɹ.iːz/ adj
wschodniotimorski
Of, from, or pertaining to East Timor or the East Timorese people.

East Turkestan /isːt ˈtɜɹkɪˌstæn/ /isːt ˌtɜɹkɪˈstæn/ /isːt ˌtɜː(ɹ)kɪˈstɑːn/ pn
Turkiestan Wschodni
.

Easter /ˈistɚ/ /ˈiːstə/ Easters n
Wielkanoc Pascha
A Christian feast commemorating the resurrection of Jesus Christ, celebrated on the first Sunday (and Monday) following the full moon that occurs on or next after the vernal equinox, ranging in most of Western Christianity (such as Protestantism and Roman Catholicism) from March 22 to April 25, and in Eastern Christianity (such as the Coptic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church) from April 4 to May 8.

Easter Bunny /ˈiːs.tə ˈbʌ.ni/ /ˈiːs.tɚ ˈbʌ.ni/ Easter Bunnies pn
zając wielkanocny
A symbolic rabbit sometimes depicted delivering Easter eggs to children.

Easter Island pn
Wyspa Wielkanocna
An island in the South Pacific, belonging to Chile and famous for its moai monuments.

Easter Sunday pn
Niedziela Wielkanocna
(Christianity) Easter Day, a Christian religious moveable holiday commemorating the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead.

Easter egg /ˈiː.stəɹ ˌɛɡ/ Easter eggs n
pisanka kraszanka jajko wielkanocne
A dyed or decorated egg, traditionally associated with Easter and, in the Western European tradition, sometimes hidden for children to find.
easter egg
(computing, video games) An undocumented function hidden in a program or video game, typically triggered by a particular input sequence or combination of keystrokes. [from 1980s]
(by extension) Any image, feature, or other content that is hidden on a video disc or in a movie, trailer, or poster.

Eastern Bloc pn
blok wschodni
(historical) The largely Communist countries of the eastern world, usually Eastern Europe and especially in the Cold War era.

Eastern Bonelli's warbler Eastern Bonelli's warblers n
świstunka złotorzytna
Phylloscopus orientalis, a species in the Phylloscopus genus of warblers.

Eastern Europe pn
Europa Wschodnia
A socio-politic geographical area of eastern Europe usually including the European countries to the east of Germany, Austria and Italy, and to the west of the Urals. However, a less common definition of the region excludes the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, the Baltic states and some parts of the Balkans - placing them in Central Europe instead.

Eastern European adj
wschodnioeuropejski
Of, from, or pertaining to Eastern Europe, its people, or its culture.

Eastern Herzegovinian pn
wschodniohercegowiński
A Shtokavian subdialect that is the basis for all modern literary Serbo-Croatian standards: Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, and Montenegrin.

Eastern Orthodox adj
prawosławny
Pertaining to the faith, practices, etc. of the Eastern Orthodox Church.

Eastern Orthodox Church Eastern Orthodox Churches pn
Kościół ortodoksyjny Kościół prawosławny
One of the major branches of Christianity; it comprises the Greek Orthodox Church, the Russian Orthodox Church and other patriarchates.

Eastern Roman Empire /ˈistɚn ˈɹoʊmən ˈɛmpaɪɚ/ /ˈiːstən ˈɹəʊmən ˈɛmpaɪə/ pn
Cesarstwo wschodniorzymskie

Ebenezer /ɛbəˈnizɚ/ /ɛbəˈniːzə/ pn
Ebenezer
A en given name taken up by Puritans in the 17th century.

Ebisu n
Ebisu
Synonym of Emishi (“ancient ethnic group of Japan”)

Ebola /iˈboʊlə/ /ɪˈboʊlə/ /ɪˈbəʊlə/ n
ebola
The Ebola virus.
Ebola fever.

Ebro /ˈeɪbɹəʊ/ /ˈɛbɹəʊ/ pn
Ebro
TemplateParserError:LuaError that flows into the Mediterranean.

Ecclesiastes pn
Księga Koheleta Księga Eklezjastesa
(biblical) A book in the Old Testament of the Bible.

Ecclesiastical Latin pn
łacina kościelna
The Latin language as spoken, written, and used in the Christian church and in church services.

Ecclesiasticus pn
Mądrość Syracha
A book of the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox canon of the Old Testament, considered apocryphal by Protestants.

Ecuador /ˈɛk.wə.dɔɹ/ /ˈɛk.wə.dɔː/ pn
Ekwador
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Ecuadorian adj
ekwadorski
Of, from, or pertaining to Ecuador or the Ecuadorian people.

Ecuadorian Ecuadorians n
Ekwadorczyk Ekwadorka
A person from Ecuador or of Ecuadorian descent.

Edam cheese Edam cheeses n
ser edamski
A Dutch cheese with a red coating.

Eden /ˈiːdən/ Edens n
eden
(by extension, countable) A paradise on Earth.

Eden /ˈiːdən/ pn
Eden
(biblical) A garden built by God as the home for Adam and Eve; sometimes identified as part of Mesopotamia.

Edenic /iːˈdɛnɪk/ /ɪˈdɛnɪk/ Edenics n
edeński
One who promotes an Edenic ideal.

Edgar /ˈɛdɡɚ/ pn
Edgar
A en given name.

Edinburgh /ˈɛd.ən.bʌɹ.ə/ /ˈɛd.ənˌbɝ.ə/ /ˈɛd.ɪn.bə.ɹə/ /ˈɛd.ɪn.bɹə/ /ˈɛd.ɪn.bʌɹ.ə/ [ˈɛd.n̩.bə.ɹə] pn
Edynburg
TemplateParserError:LuaError including the city, one of 32 created in 1996.

Edirne /ɛˈdiɹnɛ/ pn
Edirne
TemplateParserError:LuaError, close to the borders with Greece and Bulgaria.
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Edith /ˈidɪθ/ pn
Edyta
A en given name.

Edmonton /ˈɛdməntən/ pn
Edmonton
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Edmund /ˈɛdmənd/ Edmunds pn
Edmund
A en given name, borne by early English kings and saints.

Edom /ˈi.dəm/ pn
Edom
(biblical) The name given to Esau in the Hebrew Bible.
(historical) A region whose inhabitants, the Edomites, traditionally traced their ancestry to Esau.

Edward /ˈɛdwəd/ /ˈɛdwɚd/ pn
Edward
A en given name.

Edwin /ˈɛdwɪn/ pn
Edwin
A en given name.

Eeyore /ˈiː.jɔː(ɹ)/ Eeyores n
Kłapouchy
(figuratively) An excessively negative or pessimistic person.

Egypt /ˈiː.d͡ʒɪpt/ pn
Egipt
(historical) A civilization based around the river Nile, on its lower reaches nearer the Mediterranean.

Egyptian /ɪˈd͡ʒɪp.ʃən/ adj
egipski
Of, from, or pertaining to Egypt, the Egyptian people or the Egyptian language.

Egyptian /ɪˈd͡ʒɪp.ʃən/ Egyptians n
Egipcjanin Egipcjanka
A person from Egypt or of Egyptian descent.

Egyptian /ɪˈd͡ʒɪp.ʃən/ pn
egipski
The Afroasiatic language spoken (and written) in ancient Egypt

Egyptian Arabic pn
egipski arabski
The dialect of Modern Arabic spoken in Egypt. Egyptian Arabic is a dialect continuum.

Egyptian cobra Egyptian cobras n
kobra egipska wąż Kleopatry
A species of cobra found in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula (Naja haje) often referred to as an asp.

Egyptian goose Egyptian geese n
gęsiówka egipska gęś egipska kazarka egipska
A goose of the species Alopochen aegyptiaca.

Egyptian plover Egyptian plovers n
pijawnik
A wading bird of the species Pluvianus aegyptius.

Egyptian vulture Egyptian vultures n
białosęp ścierwnik
Neophron percnopterus

Egyptological more Egyptological most Egyptological adj
egiptologiczny

Egyptologist /ˌid͡ʒɪpˈtɑləd͡ʒɪst/ Egyptologists n
egiptolog
A person; one who is skilled in or professes or practices Egyptology.

Egyptology /ˌid͡ʒɪpˈtɑləd͡ʒi/ /ˌiːd͡ʒɪpˈtɒləd͡ʒi/ Egyptologies n
egiptologia
(uncountable) The study of ancient Egypt.

Eid al-Fitr /ˌiːd æl ˈfiːtəɹ/ pn
Id al-Fitr
(Islam) The religious celebration at the end of Ramadan, on the first day of the tenth month of the Muslim lunar calendar.

Eifelian pn
Eifel

Eiffel Tower pn
wieża Eiffla
An iron tower built in 1889 on the Champ de Mars beside the Seine River in Paris; a global icon of France and one of the most recognizable structures in the world.

Einstein /ˈaɪnstaɪn/ /ˈaɪnʃtaɪn/ Einsteins pn
Einstein
Albert Einstein, the world-famous 20th-century theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity.

Ekavian pn
ekawski
A dialect or group of dialects of Serbo-Croatian spoken primarily in Serbia and distinguished by reflecting the Common Slavic jat (Old Cyrillic: ѣ, Glagolitic: ⱑ, Latin transcription /ě/) sound as /e/.

El Dorado pn
Eldorado
A legendary lost city of gold.
eldorado
(by extension) Any place of fabulous wealth.

El Salvador /ɛl ˈsæl.və.dɔɹ/ /ɛl ˈsæl.və.dɔː/ pn
Salwador
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Elamite adj
elamicki
Of, from, or pertaining to, Elam.

Elamite Elamites n
Elamita Elamitka
An inhabitant of ancient Elam.

Elamite pn
elamicki
The language of ancient Elam.

Elbe /ɛlb/ /ˈɛlbə/ pn
Łaba
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Elbląg /ˈɛlblɔŋk/ pn
Elbląg
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Eleanor /ˈɛlənɚ/ pn
Eleonora
A en given name.

Elector Electors n
elektor
(historical) A German prince entitled to elect the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire; a prince-elector.

Electra complex Electra complexes n
kompleks Elektry
(psychoanalysis) The theory that a female's psychological development involves a sexual attachment to the father and jealousy of the mother.

Elektrėnai pn
Elektreny

Eleonora's falcon Eleonora's falcons n
sokół skalny
Falco eleonorae, a medium-sized raptor of the falcon family.

Elephant pn
Słoń
The 105th sura (chapter) of the Quran.

Elisabeth /əˈlɪzəbəθ/ pn
Elżbieta
The mother of John the Baptist according to the Christian and Islamic scriptures

Elizabeth /ɪˈlɪzəbəθ/ Elizabeths pn
Elżbieta
A en given name, popular since the 16th century.

Elizabethan /əˌlɪzəˈbiθ(ə)n/ /ɪˌlɪzəˈbiːθ(ə)n/ more Elizabethan most Elizabethan adj
elżbietański
Pertaining to the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, monarch of England and Ireland, from 1558 to 1603.

Elizabethan /əˌlɪzəˈbiθ(ə)n/ /ɪˌlɪzəˈbiːθ(ə)n/ Elizabethans n
elżbietanka elżbietańczyk
A person (especially a writer) who lived during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, monarch of England and Ireland, from 1558 to 1603.

Elliott wave Elliott waves n
fala Elliotta
(finance) A wave pattern used in some forms of technical analysis of securities prices.

Elohim /ɛˈloʊˌhim/ /ɛˈloʊˌhɪm/ /ˌɛ.loʊˈhim/ /ˌɛ.loʊˈhɪm/ pn
Elohim
God; the name used for God in Hebrew scriptures, and used for the Father by Latter-day Saints.

Elsinore /ˈɛlsəˌnɔɹ/ /ˈɛlsɪnɔː/ /ˌɛlsɪˈnɔː/ pn
Elsynor Helsingør
TemplateParserError:LuaError. Its Kronborg Castle served as the setting for William Shakespeare's play Hamlet.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
California (the settlement was renamed in 1972).
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Elvira Elviras pn
Elwira
A en given name, in quiet use since the 19th century.

Ember day /ˈɛmbə ˌdeɪ/ /ˈɛmbɚ ˌdeɪ/ Ember days n
suche dni
(Christianity) Any of the three days within the same week, four separate sets of which occur roughly equidistant in the circuit of the year, that are set aside for fasting and prayer. In Western Christianity they are usually the Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday following the first Sunday in Lent, Whitsunday, Holy Cross Day (14 September), and Saint Lucy's Day (13 December).

Emesa /ˈɛməsə/ /ˈɛmɛsə/ pn
Emesa
(historical) , TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Emesene /ˈɛməˌsiːn/ /ˌɛməˈsiːn/ adj
emeseński
Of or pertaining to Emesa or its region.

Emil pn
Emil
A en given name.

Emily pn
Emilia
A en given name.

Emmentaler /ˈɛmənˌtɑlɚ/ /ˈɛmənˌtɑːlə/ pn
ementaler
A Swiss cheese with many holes.

Empedocles /ɛmˈpɛdəˌkliːz/ pn
Empedokles
A Greek philosopher who held that all matter was composed of earth, air, fire and water.

Emsian pn
Ems

Enceladus /ɛnˈsɛlədəs/ pn
Enceladus
(astronomy) A moon of Saturn.

Enerhodar pn
Enerhodar
TemplateParserError:LuaError; a suburb of Zaporizhia.
TemplateParserError:LuaError

England /ˈɪŋlənd/ /ˈɪŋɡlənd/ /ˈɪŋɡələnd/ Englands pn
Anglia
The kingdom established in southeast Britain by Aethelstan of Wessex in 927 and its various successor states, now the largest and most populous of the constituent countries of the United Kingdom; (by extension, sometimes, proscribed) the area of this kingdom generally, south of Scotland and east of Wales, including (historical) this area of Celtic and Roman Britain or the post-Roman kingdoms of the Angles and other Germans taken collectively.

English /ˈɪŋlɪʃ/ /ˈɪŋɡləʃ/ /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/ /ˈɪŋɡəlɪʃ/ more English most English adj
angielski język angielski
Of or pertaining to the people of England (to Englishmen and Englishwomen).

English /ˈɪŋlɪʃ/ /ˈɪŋɡləʃ/ /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/ /ˈɪŋɡəlɪʃ/ English Englishes n
Anglik Angielka
(in the plural) The people of England, Englishmen and Englishwomen.

English /ˈɪŋlɪʃ/ /ˈɪŋɡləʃ/ /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/ /ˈɪŋɡəlɪʃ/ Englishes pn
angielski język angielski
The language originating in England but now spoken in all parts of the British Isles, the Commonwealth of Nations, North America, and other parts of the world.

English Channel pn
La Manche Kanał La Manche
The arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates the British Isles from northern France, and joins the North Sea to the Atlantic Ocean.

English muffin English muffins n
proziak
(North America) A flat, round, yeast-leavened form of bread.

English studies n
anglistyka filologia angielska
(humanities) An academic discipline that includes the study of literatures written in the English language, English linguistics, and English sociolinguistics.

English-speaking adj
angielskojęzyczny anglojęzyczny

Englishman /ˈɪŋ.lɪʃ.mən/ /ˈɪŋ.ɡlɪʃ.mən/ Englishmen n
Anglik
A native or inhabitant of England; a man who is English by ancestry, birth, descent, or naturalisation. [from 7th c.]

Englishness /ˈɪŋ(ɡ)lɪʃnəs/ Englishnesses n
angielszczyzna
The quality, state or characteristic of being English.

Englishwoman Englishwomen n
Angielka
A female native or inhabitant of England; a woman who is English by birth, descent or naturalisation.

Enlightenment pn
Oświecenie
A 17th- and 18th-century philosophical movement in European history; the Age of Enlightenment or Age of Reason emphasizing rationalism.

Eocene /ˈiːəsiːn/ more Eocene most Eocene adj
eoceński
(geology) of a geologic epoch within the Paleogene period from about 56 to 34 million years ago.

Eocene /ˈiːəsiːn/ pn
eocen
(geology) the Eocene epoch

Eos /ˈiɑs/ /ˈiːɒs/ pn
Eos
(Greek god) The Greek goddess of the dawn; daughter of Hyperion and Theia, sister of Helios and Selene, wife of Astraeus (god of the dusk), and mother of the four Anemoi ("Winds"), and the five Astra Planeta ("Wandering Stars/Planets"). Her Roman counterpart is Aurora.

Ephesian /ɪˈfiːʒən/ adj
efeski
Of, from, or pertaining to, Ephesus.

Ephesians pn
List do Efezjan
(biblical) The tenth book of the New Testament of the Bible, an epistle to the people of Ephesus which is attributed to Paul the Apostle.

Ephesus /ˈɛfɪsəs/ pn
Efez
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Ephraim /ˈifɹi.əm/ /ˈifɹəm/ /ˈɛf.ɹəm/ pn
Efraim
The younger son of Joseph in the Bible, eponymous ancestor of one of the twelve tribes of Israel.
A en given name.

Epicureanism Epicureanisms n
epikureizm
A system of philosophy, chiefly ethics, based upon the teachings of Epicurus (c. 340–c. 270 BC), that advocated retreat from public life to preserve one's long-term happiness and ataraxia.

Epimetheus pn
Epimeteusz
(Greek mythology) Son of Iapetus and Clymene, brother to Atlas, Menoetius and Prometheus, of whom he ignored warnings to beware of any gifts from Zeus. He accepted Pandora as his wife, thereby bringing sorrow to the world; father to Pyrrha.

Epiphany /ɛˈpɪfəni/ /ɪˈpɪfni/ /ɪˈpɪfəni/ pn
Epifania Objawienie Pańskie Trzech Króli
A en given name.

Epirus /ɪˈpaɪəɹəs/ pn
Epir
(historical) A larger historical kingdom in roughly the same region, widely extended by the Greek general and king Pyrrhus during the early Hellenistic period.
TemplateParserError:LuaError; one of the thirteen peripheries (administrative regions) of modern Greece.

Equatorial Guinea /ˌɛkwəˈtɔːɹiəl ˈɡɪni/ pn
Gwinea Równikowa
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Equuleus pn
Źrebię
(constellation) The second smallest constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a little horse. It lies west of the constellation Aquarius.

Erasmus /ɪˈɹæzməs/ pn
Erazm
Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus (known as Erasmus or Erasmus of Rotterdam), a Dutch humanist and theologian.

Eric /ˈɛɹɪk/ pn
Eryk
A en given name.

Eridanus pn
Erydan
(constellation) A large winter constellation of the northern sky. It lies near Orion and Cetus.

Erinyes /ɪˈɹɪniˌiːz/ Erinys pn
Erynie
(Greek god) The Furies; the goddesses of vengeance against serious moral offence (such as oath-breaking), latterly known as protectors of Athens, of pre-Olympian origin and variously described as having sprung from the spilled blood of Uranus or as daughters of Nyx; identified with the Roman Dirae.

Eris /ˈɛɹɪs/ /ˈɪəɹɪs/ pn
Eris Eryda
(Greek god) The goddess of discord and strife, whose apple of discord sparked events that eventually led to the Trojan War; equated by Homer with Enyo (goddess of violent war) and identified with the Roman goddess Discordia;(religion, Discordianism) the same figure as principal deity of Discordianism, regarded as the goddess of disorder.
Eris
(astronomy) The celestial body 136199 Eris, the most-massive known dwarf planet in the Solar System and the largest known object in the scattered disk; formerly nicknamed Xena.

Eritrea /ˌɛɹɪˈtɹ(e)ɪə/ /ˌɛɹɪˈtɹeɪə/ /ˌɛɹɪˈtɹi.ə/ /ˌɪɹɪˈtɹ(e)ɪə/ /ˌɪɹɪˈtɹeɪə/ pn
Erytrea
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError.
(historical, from 1890) TemplateParserError:LuaError.
The modern State of Eritrea (since the 1990s).

Eritrean more Eritrean most Eritrean adj
erytrejski
Of, belonging to, or relating to Eritrea or its people.

Eritrean Eritreans n
Erytrejczyk Erytrejka
A native or inhabitant of Eritrea, or a descendant of such person.

Erlenmeyer flask Erlenmeyer flasks n
erlenmajerka
(chemistry) A glass laboratory flask of a conical profile with a narrow tubular neck and a flat bottom, used to manipulate solutions or carry out titrations.

Ernest /ˈɜː(ɹ)nɪst/ pn
Ernest
A en given name; popular in the 19th century.

Ernestine pn
Ernestyna
A en given name, feminine form of Ernest borrowed from French.

Eros /ˈɛɹɒs/ pn
Eros
(Greek god) The god of love and sexual desire; son of either Erebus and Nyx or Aphrodite and Ares. His Roman counterpart is Cupid.
433 Eros, an asteroid

Esau /ˈisɑ/ /ˈiːsɔː/ pn
Ezaw
The son of Isaac and Rebekah and the older twin brother of Jacob.

Esbjerg /ˈɛsbjɜː(ɹ)/ /ˈɛsbjɜːɡ/ /ˈɛsbjɝ/ /ˈɛsbjɝɡ/ pn
Esbjerg
TemplateParserError:LuaError, on the North Sea. The second-largest city in its region and the fifth-largest city in Denmark.

Esdras pn
Księga Ezdrasza
(biblical) any of four books of the Old Testament and Apocrypha of the Bible.

Eskimo /ˈɛs.kɪ.moʊ/ /ˈɛs.kɪ.məʊ/ more Eskimo most Eskimo adj
eskimoski
In, of, or relating to the Eskimo languages.

Eskimo /ˈɛs.kɪ.moʊ/ /ˈɛs.kɪ.məʊ/ Eskimo Eskimoes Eskimos n
Eskimos Eskimoska
(sometimes, offensive) A member of any of the Eskimo peoples.

Eskimo /ˈɛs.kɪ.moʊ/ /ˈɛs.kɪ.məʊ/ pn
Eskimosi
(sometimes, offensive) A group of indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic, from Siberia, through Alaska and Northern Canada, to Greenland, including the Inuit and Yupik.
eskimoski
Any of the languages of the Eskimo.

Esperantist Esperantists n
esperantysta esperantystka
A specialist or speaker of Esperanto, the international auxiliary language designed by L. L. Zamenhof.

Esperanto /ˌɛspəˈɹæntoʊ/ /ˌɛspəˈɹæntəʊ/ /ˌɛspəˈɹɑntoʊ/ /ˌɛspəˈɹɑːntəʊ/ pn
esperanto
An international auxiliary language designed by L. L. Zamenhof with a base vocabulary inspired by Indo-European languages such as English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, and Russian, and having a streamlined grammar with completely regular conjugations, declensions, and inflections.

Esperantology n
esperantologia
The academic study of Esperanto.

Espoo pn
Espoo
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Esther /ˈɛstə/ /ˈɛstɚ/ pn
Estera Księga Estery
A en given name.
Księga Estery Estera
The heroine of the Book of Esther.

Estonia /ɛsˈtoʊ.ni.ə/ /ɛsˈtoʊn.jə/ /ɛsˈtəʊ.nɪ.ə/ Estonias pn
Estonia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Estonian adj
estoński
Of, from, or pertaining to the country of Estonia, its people or their language.

Estonian Estonians n
Estończyk Estonka
(countable, rare) Any person from Estonia or someone descended from such people.
estoński
(uncountable) The Uralic language that is the official language of Estonia.

Estonian SSR pn
Estońska SRR
Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, the name for the Republic of Estonia while under the rule of the Soviet Union (1940–1991, name changed in 1990).

Estonianization n
estonizacja

Estuary English pn
Estuary English
(British) A variety of English accent, spreading out from London into the area of the Thames estuary, containing features of received pronunciation, Cockney and other regional accents.

Esztergom /ˈɛstɛɹɡom/ pn
Ostrzyhom
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Eternal City pn
Wieczne Miasto
A nickname for the city of Rome.

Ethiopia /iθiˈoʊpi.ə/ pn
Etiopia
(historical) Sub-Saharan Africa, especially the parts south of Egypt and along and east of the Nile.

Ethiopian /ˌiːθiˈəʊpi.ən/ more Ethiopian most Ethiopian adj
etiopski
Of, from, or pertaining to Ethiopia, the Ethiopian people or the Ethiopian culture.

Ethiopian /ˌiːθiˈəʊpi.ən/ Ethiopians n
Etiopczyk Etiopka
A person from Ethiopia or of Ethiopian descent.
(dated) A black-skinned person, especially one from Africa.

Ethiopist Ethiopists n
etiopista
A person; one who is skilled in or professes or practices Ethiopian studies.

Etna /ˈɛtnə/ pn
Etna
An active stratovolcano on the east coast of Sicily, Italy, between Messina and Catania.

Etruria /ɪˈtɹʊə.ɹɪ.ə/ pn
Etruria
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError, located between the Arno and Tiber rivers, corresponding to modern day Tuscany in Western Italy; the home of Etruscans.
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError, lasted between 1801 and 1807.
TemplateParserError:LuaError (OS grid ref SJ8646).

Etruscan /ɪˈtɹʌskən/ more Etruscan most Etruscan adj
etruski
Of or pertaining to the region and culture of Etruria, a pre-Roman civilization in Italy.

Etruscan /ɪˈtɹʌskən/ Etruscans n
Etrusk Etruska
An inhabitant of ancient Etruria.

Etruscan /ɪˈtɹʌskən/ pn
język etruski
The extinct language of Etruria, which has no known relation to any other language.

Euboea /juːˈbiːə/ pn
Eubea Eubeja
TemplateParserError:LuaError, the second-largest, just off the eastern coast of Boeotia, in the Aegean Sea.

Eucharist /ˈjuːkəɹɪst/ /ˈjuːkɹɪst/ Eucharists n
eucharystia
(Christianity) The Christian sacrament of Holy Communion.
(by extension) A Christian religious service in which this sacrament is enacted.
The substances received during this sacrament, namely the bread and wine, seen as Christ’s body and blood.

Euclidean geometry n
geometria euklidesowa
(geometry) The familiar geometry of the real world, based on the postulate that through any two points there is exactly one straight line.

Euclidean space Euclidean spaces n
przestrzeń euklidesowa
Ordinary n-dimensional space, characterized by an infinite extent along each dimension and a constant distance between any pair of parallel lines.

Eugene /juˈd͡ʒin/ /ˈjuː.d͡ʒin/ pn
Eugeniusz
A en given name

Eugenia /juːˈd͡ʒiːniə/ /juːˈd͡ʒɛniə/ pn
Eugenia
A en given name. Variant: Eugenie.

Eulalie pn
Eulalia
A en given name.

Euler's formula pn
wzór Eulera
(complex analysis) Formula which links complex exponentiation with trigonometric functions:
(differential geometry) Formula which calculates the normal curvature of an arbitrary direction in the tangent plane in terms of the principal curvatures \kappa_1 and \kappa_2 and the angle \theta which that direction makes with the first principal direction:

Euphemia /juˈfimi.ə/ /juːˈfiːmɪ.ə/ pn
Eufemia
A en given name.

Euphrates /juːˈfɹeɪtiːz/ pn
Eufrat
The river in the Middle East, 2780 kilometers in length, flowing southwest from Turkey, then southeast, and uniting with the Tigris before entering the Persian Gulf. It forms the Western edge of classical Mesopotamia.

Eurasia /jəˈɹeɪ.ʒə/ /jʊˈɹeɪ.ʒə/ pn
Eurazja
The largest and most populous landmass on Earth, consisting of Europe and Asia; sometimes also including neighbouring islands. [1881]
A region comprising parts of Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia; the countries of the former Soviet Union and the sphere of influence of Russia.

Eurasian more Eurasian most Eurasian adj
eurazjatycki
Of or pertaining to the continent of Eurasia, or to both Europe and Asia.

Eurasian Economic Union pn
Unia Euroazjatycka
an economic union between the Russian Federation, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Armenia and Kyrgyzstan

Eurasian black vulture Eurasian black vultures n
sęp kasztanowaty
Aegypius monachus, a species of large vulture living in Europe and Asia.

Eurasian blackbird Eurasian blackbirds n
kos zwyczajny
A bird of the species Turdus merula

Eurasian blackcap Eurasian blackcaps n
kapturka
Sylvia atricapilla, an Old World warbler.

Eurasian bullfinch Eurasian bullfinches n
gil zwyczajny
A small passerine bird, Pyrrhula pyrrhula, in the finch genus.

Eurasian crag martin Eurasian crag martins n
jaskółka skalna
Ptyonoprogne rupestris, a small passerine bird in the swallow family.

Eurasian eagle owl Eurasian eagle owls n
puchacz puchacz zwyczajny
Bubo bubo, the largest owl, native to almost all of temperate Eurasia.

Eurasian hobby Eurasian hobbies n
kobuz
Falco subbuteo, a small raptor of the falcon family.

Eurasian lynx Eurasian lynxes n
ryś ryś euroazjatycki
Lynx lynx, one of the species of lynx.

Eurasian magpie Eurasian magpies n
sroka zwyczajna sroka
A well-known black-and-white corvid species, Pica pica, of Eurasian distribution.

Eurasian nuthatch Eurasian nuthatches n
bargiel kowalik zwyczajny
A nuthatch of the species Sitta europaea.

Eurasian pygmy owl Eurasian pygmy owls n
sóweczka sóweczka zwyczajna
Glaucidium passerinum, the smallest Eurasian owl.

Eurasian scops owl Eurasian scops owls n
syczek syczek zwyczajny
Otus scops, a small owl.

Eurasian siskin Eurasian siskins n
czyżyk czyż
A bird of the species Spinus spinus, common throughout Eurasia.

Eurasian sparrowhawk Eurasian sparrowhawks n
krogulec
A bird of the species Accipiter nisus

Eurasian spoonbill Eurasian spoonbills n
warzęcha
Platalea leucorodia, a wading bird of the ibis and spoonbill family Threskiornithidae.

Eurasian teal Eurasian teals n
cyraneczka cyraneczka zwyczajna
Anas crecca, a common and widespread duck which breeds in temperate Palearctic and migrates south in winter.

Eurasian three-toed woodpecker Eurasian three-toed woodpeckers n
dzięcioł trójpalczasty
Picoides tridactylus, a medium-sized woodpecker.

Eurasian treecreeper Eurasian treecreepers n
pełzacz leśny
Certhia familiaris, a species of bird in the family Certhiidae.

Eurasian wigeon /jəˌɹeɪʒənˈwɪd͡ʒən/ Eurasian wigeons n
świstun
Mareca penelope, a species of dabbling duck.

Eurasian woodcock Eurasian woodcocks n
słonka
A medium-small wading bird, (Scolopax rusticola)

Eurasian wren Eurasian wrens n
strzyzyk zwyczajny
Troglodytes troglodytes

Euripides /jəˈɹɪp.ɪˌdiz/ /jʊˈɹɪp.ɪˌdiz/ pn
Eurypides
A Greek tragedian (c. 480–406 B.C.E.); Euripides was the last of the three great tragedians of classical Athens.

Euro- prefix
euro-
Pertaining to Europe, especially as a political entity.
Pertaining to the European Union.

Euro-American /ˈjɝ.oʊ.əˈmɛɹ.ɪ.kən/ /ˈjʊɹ.oʊ.əˈmɛɹ.ɪ.kən/ adj
euroamerykański
Of that group of Americans (natives or inhabitants of America) who are descended from European settlers, or of their culture, etc (contrasted with e.g. Native American/Amerindian)

Euro-American /ˈjɝ.oʊ.əˈmɛɹ.ɪ.kən/ /ˈjʊɹ.oʊ.əˈmɛɹ.ɪ.kən/ Euro-Americans n
Euroamerykanin Euroamerykanka
A person of Euro-American ancestry

Eurocentrism n
eurocentryzm europocentryzm
The practice of viewing the world from a European perspective, with an implied belief, either consciously or subconsciously, in the preeminence of European culture.

Eurocrat Eurocrats n
eurokrata
(slang, derogatory) An employee or minister of the European Union, typically working in Brussels or Strasbourg.

Eurocurrency Eurocurrencies n
eurowaluta
(finance) Deposits denominated in a currency other than the currency of the depositee.

Eurodance n
eurodance
A type of European synthesizer-driven dance music which became popular worldwide in the early- to mid-1990s and continuing up until today.

Eurodeterrent /ˌjʊəɹəʊdɪˈtɛɹənt/ /ˌjʊɹoʊdiˈtɛɹənt/ pn
Eurodeterrent
The proposed unified nuclear deterrent of the European Community (before November 1993) and the European Union (after November 1993).

Eurodollar Eurodollars n
eurodolar
(economics) A deposit, in US dollars, held in a bank outside of the United States (no longer necessarily in Europe)

Europa /jʊˈɹoʊpə/ pn
Europa
(Greek mythology) Several characters, most notably a Phoenician princess abducted to Crete by Zeus.
(astronomy) A moon of Jupiter.

Europe /ˈjoː.ɹəp/ /ˈjɔː.ɹəp/ /ˈjɝ.əp/ /ˈjʉə.ɹəp/ /ˈjʊə.ɹəp/ /ˈjʊɚ.əp/ pn
Europa
The portion of Eurasia west of the Urals, traditionally considered a continent in its own right, located north of Africa, west of Asia and east of the Atlantic Ocean.
A political entity; the European Union.

European /(ˌ)jʊə.ɹəˈpiː.ən/ /(ˌ)jʊə.ɹəˈpɪ.ən/ /ˌjɝ.əˈpi.ən/ /ˌjʊɚ.əˈpi.ən/ more European most European adj
europejski unijny
Related to Europe or the European Union.

European /(ˌ)jʊə.ɹəˈpiː.ən/ /(ˌ)jʊə.ɹəˈpɪ.ən/ /ˌjɝ.əˈpi.ən/ /ˌjʊɚ.əˈpi.ən/ Europeans n
Europejczyk Europejka
Person living or originating from Europe.
Person who resides within the European Union.

European Central Bank pn
Europejski Bank Centralny
The Central bank for the European Union, administering the monetary policy of the 17 EU Eurozone member states.

European Commission pn
Komisja Europejska
The executive branch of the European Union.

European Economic Area pn
Europejski Obszar Gospodarczy

European Parliament /jʊˈroʊpiən ˈpɑrləmənt/ /jʊˈrəʊpiən ˈpɑːrləmənt/ pn
Parlament Europejski
(politics) A legislative chamber of the European Union.

European Union /ˌjɔːɹəˈpiːən ˈjuːnjən/ /ˌjɝɹəˈpi.ən ˈjunjən/ /ˌjʊəɹəˈpiːən ˈjuːnjən/ /ˌjʊɹəˈpiən ˈjunjən/ pn
Unia Europejska
A supranational organisation, consisting of 27 member states, created in the 1950s to bring the nations of Europe into closer economic and political connection.

European beaver European beavers n
bóbr europejski bóbr zwyczajny
A species of beaver, Castor fiber, native to Eurasia.

European bison /jʊɹəˌpiːən ˈbaɪsn̩/ European bison European bisons n
żubr
The wisent, species Bison bonasus, Europe's heaviest land animal.

European bullhead European bullheads n
głowacz białopłetwy głowacz pospolity
A European species in the Cottidae family, Cottus gobio.

European goldfinch European goldfinches n
szczygieł
A bird of the species Carduelis carduelis, native to Europe, North Africa and western Asia.

European greenfinch European greenfinches n
dzwoniec dzwoniec zwyczajny
Chloris chloris, a small passerine bird in the finch family Fringillidae.

European hare European hares n
szarak zając szarak
A Eurasian hare species (Lepus europaeus or Lepus capensis).

European hedgehog European hedgehogs n
jeż europejski jeż zachodni
Erinaceus europaeus, the hedgehog that inhabits much of Western and Central Europe.

European herring gull European herring gulls n
mewa srebrzysta
A common, large seagull, Larus argentatus, having a white and gray body and a yellow bill with a red spot and found in the coastal areas of Europe.

European honey buzzard European honey buzzards n
trzmielojad pszczołojad trzmielojad zwyczajny
Pernis apivorus, is a bird of prey in the family Accipitridae.

European hophornbeam European hophornbeams n
chmielograb europejski
Ostrya carpinifolia, found from Italy to coastal Turkey and east of the Black Sea.

European larch European larches n
modrzew europejski
A deciduous conifer native to central Europe but also cultivated in England and elsewhere, Larix decidua.

European mink European minks n
norka europejska
a species of mink, Mustela lutreola, found mostly in Europe, similar in appearance to the American mink.

European mole cricket European mole crickets n
podjadek turkuć turkuć podjadek turkuć pospolity
Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa

European penduline tit European penduline tits n
remiz remiz zwyczajny
Remiz pendulinus, a passerine bird of the genus Remiz.

European perch European perch European perches n
okoń okoń pospolity
A freshwater fish of species Perca fluviatilis in the family Percidae, native to northern Eurasia.

European pied flycatcher European pied flycatchers n
muchołówka żałobna
Ficedula hypoleuca, an Old World flycatcher breeding in Europe and overwintering in Africa

European polecat European polecats n
tchórz
Mustela putorius, related to mink and weasels, native to Europe and parts of Asia, and from which certain of the animals called ferrets have been domesticated.

European robin European robins n
rudzik
A small passerine Old World bird; Erithacus rubecula.

European roller European rollers n
kraska
Coracias garrulus, a European species of roller.

European serin European serins n
kulczyk kulczyk zwyczajny
Serinus serinus, a small passerine bird in the finch family Fringillidae.

European shag European shags n
kormoran czubaty
Gulosus aristotelis (syn. Phalacrocorax aristotelis), a member of the Phalacrocoracidae (cormorant) family of seabirds.

European smelt European smelts n
stynka
Any smelt of species Osmerus eperlanus, common in fresh waters of northern Europe.

European stonechat European stonechats n
kląskawka kląskawka zwyczajna
Saxicola rubicola, an Old World flycatcher

European studies n
europeistyka
(humanities) an academic field of study offered by many colleges and universities that focuses on current developments in European integration

European toad European toads n
ropucha szara
The common European toad, of the species Bufo bufo.

European turtle dove European turtle doves n
turkawka
A bird of the species Streptopelia turtur.

European white elm European white elm European white elms n
wiąz szypułkowy
Ulmus laevis, a deciduous tree native to parts of Europe and north-western Asia.

European windstorm European windstorms n
orkan

Europeanisation Europeanisations n
europeizacja
The process whereby the people and institutions of the countries of the European Union become more European and less national.

Europeanity n
europejskość
The quality or characteristic of being European.

Europeanize v
europeizować
To make something, or someone, more European.

Europeanly more Europeanly most Europeanly adv
europejsko
In a manner which is European or in a way that is characteristic of the Europeans.

Europeanness n
europejskość
The quality or characteristic of being European.

Euroscepticism n
eurosceptycyzm
Opposition to or scepticism of increasing European integration, such as the EEC, the EC, the EP, the EU, the Euro.
Opposition to or scepticism of the increasing powers of the European Union.

Eurovision /ˈjɝ.əˌvɪ.ʒ(ə)n/ /ˈjʊə.ɹə(ˌ)vɪ.ʒ(ə)n/ pn
Eurowizja
A European broadcasting system, created by the European Broadcasting Union, that produces the Eurovision Song Contest and related programmes.
The Eurovision Song Contest.

Euroyen Euroyen n
eurojen

Eurozone pn
strefa euro obszar euro
Collectively, the European Union member states whose official currency is the euro.

Eurydice /jʊˈɹɪdɪsi/ pn
Eurydyka
(Greek mythology) The name of various figures in Greek mythology.

Eustachian tube /ju.ˈsteɪʃən ˈtjuːb/ /ju.ˈsteɪʃən ˈtuːb/ Eustachian tubes n
trąbka Eustachiusza
(anatomy) In humans and other land vertebrates, a tube that links the nasopharynx to the cavity of the middle ear to allow the equalization of the pressure on both sides of the eardrum.

Euterpe /juˈtɝpi/ /juːˈtɜːpi/ pn
Euterpe
(Greek god) The Muse of music and lyric poetry.

Eve /iːv/ pn
Ewa
(Abrahamic religions) The first woman and mother of the human race; Adam's wife.
A en given name.

Evelyn /ˈiːvlɪn/ /ˈɛvəlɪn/ pn
Ewelina
A en given name.
A en given name.

Evertonian Evertonians n
Evertonka Evertończyk

Excellency Excellencies n
ekscelencja
(used with His, Her or Your) A form of address for certain high officials or dignitaries.

Exodus /ˈɛksədəs/ pn
Exodus Księga Wyjścia
The departure of the Hebrew slaves from Egypt under the leadership of Moses.
Księga Wyjścia Exodus
The second of the Books of Moses in the Old Testament of the Bible, the second book in the Torah describing the Exodus.

Extremadura /ˌɛkstɹəməˈdʊəɹə/ pn
Estremadura
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Ezekiel /ɪˈziːkiəl/ pn
Księga Ezechiela Ezechiel
A book of the Old Testament of the Bible.
Ezechiel Księga Ezechiela
A prophet mentioned in the Bible and in the Quran.
A en given name of biblical origin. First used by 17th century Puritans; rare today.

Ezra /ˈɛzɹə/ Ezras pn
Księga Ezdrasza
(biblical) The fifteenth book of the Old Testament and a book of the Hebrew Tanakh.
Ezdrasz
A Jewish high priest from the fifth century BC.
A en given name of biblical origin.

F clef F clefs n
klucz basowy
(music) a clef which indicates the position of F below middle C in a given staff

F-sharp F-sharps n
fis
(music) A tone one semitone higher than an F, denoted F♯.

FRG pn
RFN
Initialism of Federal Republic of Germany.

FSB pn
FSB
(initialism, Russia, politics, espionage, law enforcement) The Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation.

FUBAR /ˈfuːbɑːɹ/ adj
POPOLUPO
(slang) Fucked up (or, bowdlerized, fouled up) beyond all recognition (or beyond all repair, or beyond all reason, or beyond any recovery).

Fabian /ˈfeɪbi.ən/ pn
Fabian
(rare) A en given name.

Fabianist Fabianists n
fabianin
A supporter of Fabianism.

Facebook /ˈfeɪs.bʊk/ pn
Facebook
(trademark) A social-networking website where users can find acquaintances or "friends", exchange messages, and post updates.

Falernian more Falernian most Falernian adj
falerneński
Of, produced in, or pertaining to Mount Falernus, in Italy.

Falernian n
falerno
A wine produced from Aglianico grapes on the slopes of Mount Falernus, much esteemed in Ancient Rome.

Falkland Islands /ˈfɒlklənd ˌaɪləndz/ /ˈfɔːklənd ˌaɪləndz/ /ˈfɔːlklənd ˌaɪləndz/ pn
Falklandy Malwiny
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Falkland Islands wolf Falkland Islands wolves n
wilczak falklandzki wilk falklandzki
A warrah, an extinct canid of species †Dusicyon australis.

Fallopian tube Fallopian tubes n
jajowód
(anatomy) Either of the two ducts in female mammals through which ova pass from the ovaries to the uterus.

Famennian pn
Famen

Far East pn
Daleki Wschód
(dated) East Asia (Korea, Japan, China, the Russian Far East, etc.), and Southeast Asia, taken as a whole.

Far Eastern adj
dalekowschodni
of or pertaining to the Far East

Farmer Farmers pn
Rolnik
(NATO code name) the Soviet MiG 19 aircraft.

Faroe Islands /ˈfɛəɹəʊ ˌaɪləndz/ pn
Wyspy Owcze
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Faroese /fæɹoʊˈiz/ /ˌfɛ(ə)ɹoʊˈiz/ /ˌfɛəɹəʊˈiːz/ pn
farerski
(uncountable) The language of the Faroe Islands, closely related to Icelandic, and more distantly to Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish

Fastiv pn
Fastów
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Fat Thursday Fat Thursdays n
tłusty czwartek

Fata Morgana /ˌfɑtə mɔɹˈɡɑnə/ /ˌfɑːtə mɔːˈɡɑːnə/ Fata Morganas n
fatamorgana
A form of mirage caused by a temperature inversion in the atmosphere, especially one seen in the Strait of Messina.

Father Fathers n
ojciec
(Christianity) One of the chief ecclesiastical authorities of the first centuries after Christ.

Father Frost pn
Dziadek Mróz
In Slavic culture, a traditional Yuletide gift-bearing character.

Father Time pn
Ojciec Czas
A personification of time as an old man, usually carrying an hourglass.

Father's Day Father's Days n
Dzień Ojca
A holiday in celebration of fatherhood, or to honor fathers, celebrated on the third Sunday of June in most of the world's countries. See Wikipedia:Father's Day:Dates.

Faunus pn
Faun
(Roman god) Horned god of the forest, plains and fields; Greek counterpart: Pan.

Faustian /ˈfaʊstiən/ /ˈfaʊstɪən/ more Faustian most Faustian adj
faustowski faustyczny
Of or pertaining to Faust, especially in the sense of being willing to abandon one's principles or values in order to pursue knowledge, wealth or other benefits.

Faustian bargain /-ɡɪn/ /ˈfaʊstiən ˈbɑːɹɡən/ /ˈfaʊstɪən ˈbɑːɡən/ Faustian bargains n
pakt z diabłem
(idiomatic) An agreement in which a person abandons his or her spiritual values or moral principles in order to obtain knowledge, wealth or other benefits.

February /j/ /ɹi/ /ɹə.ɹi/ /ˈfɛb.j(ʊ.)ə.ɹi/ /ˈfɛb.juˌɛ(ə)ɹi/ /ˈfɛb.ɹi/ /ˈfɛb.ɹuˌɛɹi/ /ˈfɛb.ɹə.ɹi/ /ˈfɛb.ɹʊ.ə.ɹi/ Februaries Februarys pn
luty
The short month following January and preceding March in the Roman, Julian, and Gregorian calendars, used in all three calendars for intercalation or addition of leap days.

Federal Republic of Germany pn
Republika Federalna Niemiec
(1949–1990) The official name of West Germany.
(1990–today) The official name of reunified Germany.

Federative Republic of Brazil pn
Federacyjna Republika Brazylii
The official name of Brazil.

Felicia /fəˈliʃə/ pn
Felicja
A en given name, feminine form of Felix.

Felix /ˈfiːlɪks/ pn
Feliks Szczęsny
A en given name.
A generic name given to a cat.

Feodosia pn
Teodozja
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Ferdinand /ˈfɜːdɪnænd/ /ˈfɝdn̩.ænd/ /ˈfɝdən-/ pn
Ferdynand
A en given name, best known for a 13th century king of Spain, but seldom popular in English.

Ferghana pn
Fergana fergański
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Ferris wheel /ˈfɛɹɪs wil/ /ˈfɛɹɪs wiːl/ /ˈfɛɹɪs ʍil/ /ˈfɛɹɪs ʍiːl/ Ferris wheels n
diabelski młyn
An amusement ride, consisting of an upright rotating wheel having seats that remain in a horizontal position as the wheel revolves.

Fertile Crescent /ˈfɜːtaɪl ˈkɹɛsənt/ /ˈfɝːtəl ˈkɹɛsənt/ pn
Żyzny Półksiężyc
(historical) A crescent-shaped strip of fertile land stretching from present-day Iraq through eastern Turkey and down the Syrian and Israeli coasts.

Feynman diagram /ˈfaɪnmən ˈdaɪəɡɹæm/ Feynman diagrams n
diagram Feynmana
(physics) A pictorial representation of the interactions of subatomic particles, showing their paths in space and time as lines, and their interactions as points where lines meet.

Fez /fɛz/ pn
Fez Fes
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Fiji /fiːˈdʒiː/ /ˈfi.d͡ʒi/ /ˈfiː.dʒiː/ pn
Fidżi
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Fijian /fiːˈd͡ʒiːən/ /fɪˈd͡ʒiːən/ adj
fidżyjski
Pertaining to Fiji, or its language or people.

Fijian /fiːˈd͡ʒiːən/ /fɪˈd͡ʒiːən/ Fijians n
Fidżyjczyk
A person from Fiji or of Fijian descent.

Fijian /fiːˈd͡ʒiːən/ /fɪˈd͡ʒiːən/ pn
fidżyjski
an Austronesian language of the Malayo-Polynesian family spoken on Fiji. It has 650,000 speakers, including second language users.

Filipino /fɪlɪˈpinoʊ/ /piliˈpino/ adj
Filipiński
Of or pertaining to the Philippines or its people, language, and culture.
Of or pertaining to Tagalog, the basis of the national language of the Philippines.

Filipino /fɪlɪˈpinoʊ/ /piliˈpino/ Filipinos n
Filipińczyk Filipinka
A citizen or local inhabitant of the Philippines and those descending from such, especially a male.

Finland /ˈfɪn.lənd/ Finlands pn
Finlandia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Finlandization n
finlandyzacja
(politics) The process by which a smaller or less powerful sovereign state comes to abide by a more powerful neighbor's foreign policy rules, while retaining its independence.

Finn /ˈfɪn/ Finns n
Fin Finka
A member of another Finnic nationality, such as (more narrowly) a Baltic Finn such as a Karelian or Estonian, or (more broadly) a Volga Finn or Perm Finn.

Finnish /ˈfɪnɪʃ/ adj
fiński finlandzki
Of or pertaining to Finland; Finlandic, Finlandish.
fiński
Of or pertaining to the Finnish language.

Finnish /ˈfɪnɪʃ/ n
język fiński fiński
The Finno-Ugric language spoken by the majority of the people living in Finland, one of the two official languages of the country (the other is Swedish).

Fiona /fiˈoʊnə/ /fiːˈəʊnə/ pn
Fiona
A en given name, in regular use since the 20th century, first in Scotland, then in England.

First Communion First Communions n
komunia pierwsza komunia
(Roman Catholicism) The first time that a person, usually a child, receives the sacrament of Communion.
(Roman Catholicism) The celebration of the former, consisting of a solemn mass and generally a following private party.

First Lady First Ladies n
pierwsza dama
The wife of the chief executive of a nation; especially the wife of the President of a country; or a woman (e.g. a relative) who takes on similar public duties, as when the chief executive is unmarried.

First World pn
Pierwszy Świat
(historical, politics) Those countries aligned with the West during the Cold War, particularly in contrast to those aligned with the East (Second World).

Fisher /ˈfɪʃɚ/ Fishers pn
Rybak
(countable) An English surname originating as an occupation for a fisherman.

Flanders /ˈflæn.dɚz/ /ˈflɑːn.dəz/ Flanderses pn
Flandria
The County of Flanders, TemplateParserError:LuaError.
The principal railway station in Lille, capital of the above.

Flaubertian /floʊˈbɝti.ən/ /fləʊˈbɜːtɪən/ more Flaubertian most Flaubertian adj
flaubertowski
Of or relating to Gustave Flaubert (1821–1880), influential French novelist in the style of literary realism.

Flemish /ˈflɛmɪʃ/ more Flemish most Flemish adj
flamandzki
Of or relating to Flanders, either as the historical county of Flanders (the current provinces of West Flanders and East Flanders in Belgium, Zeelandic Flanders in the Netherlands and French Flanders); or as the Dutch-speaking region of Belgium.

Flemish /ˈflɛmɪʃ/ pn
flamandzki
Standard Dutch as it is spoken in Flanders.

Flemish Brabant pn
Brabancja Flamandzka
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Flevoland pn
Flevoland
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Floian pn
Floj

Flood pn
Potop
(biblical) The flood referred to in the Book of Genesis in the Hebrew Bible.

Flora /ˈflɔːɹə/ pn
Flora
(Roman god) the goddess of flowers, nature and spring; she is also the wife of Favonius and the mother of Karpos. She is the Roman counterpart of Chloris.
A en given name.

Florence /ˈflɑɹɪns/ /ˈflɒɹəns/ /ˈflɔɹəns/ pn
Florencja
A en given name.
(obsolete) A en given name
(historical) a medieval and early modern republic centered on the city of Florence in Italy that existed from 1115 to 1185 and from 1197 to 1569 when the Grand Duchy of Tuscany was formed.

Florentine /ˈflɒɹəntaɪn/ /ˈflɔɹəntin/ more Florentine most Florentine adj
florencki
Of or relating to the Italian city of Florence.

Florentine /ˈflɒɹəntaɪn/ /ˈflɔɹəntin/ Florentines n
florentczyk florentka florentynka florentyńczyk
A native or resident of the Italian city of Florence.
florentynka
(culinary) Alternative form of florentine (“biscuit”)

Florida /ˈfloɹ.də/ /ˈfloɹ.ə.də/ /ˈfloɹ.ɪ.də/ /ˈflɑɹ.ɪ.də/ /ˈflɒɹ.ə.də/ /ˈflɒɹ.ɪ.də/ /ˈflɔ.ɹə.də/ /ˈflɔ.ɹɪ.də/ pn
Floryda
Several places in South and Central America:

Floréal /ˈflɔːɹɪ.əl/ /ˌflɔɹeɪˈɑl/ Floréals pn
floréal
(historical) The eighth month of the French Republican Calendar, from April 20 or 21 to May 19 or 20.

Flying Dutchman /ˌflaɪ.ɪŋ ˈdʌtʃ.mən/ pn
Latający Holender
(nautical, _, folklore) A mythical Dutch-flagged ghost clipper that is very fast sailing, and never makes it to port, seen on the high seas, where upon being hailed, occupants request information on persons long dead, or leave messages for said people. In European naval folklore, it was considered to portend bad luck.

Flying Fortress pn
Latająca Forteca
(informal) The Boeing B-17, a United States WWII heavy bomber, based upon a reputation for toughness and reliability, as well as its relatively heavy defensive armament at the expense of bombload.

Flying Spaghetti Monster pn
Latający Potwór Spaghetti
(humorous) A deity consisting of spaghetti and meatballs, the creator of the universe according to the religion of Pastafarianism.

Focșani pn
Fokszany

Fomalhaut pn
Fomalhaut
(star) The brightest star in the constellation Piscis Austrinus and one of the brightest stars in the night sky; Alpha (α) Piscis Austrini.

Fordism n
fordyzm
An economic and social system based on industrial mass production, where the worker is paid relatively high wages in order to buy in large quantity the products turned out in mass production.

Formosa /fɔɹˈmoʊ.sə/ /fɔɹˈmoʊ.zə/ /fɔːˈməʊ.sə/ pn
Formoza
The island of Taiwan.

Formula One pn
Formuła 1 Formuła Jeden
The highest class of motor racing sanctioned by the FIA.

Fornax pn
Piec
(constellation) A winter constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a furnace. It lies near the constellation Eridanus.

Forster's tern Forster's terns n
rybitwa czarnoucha
Sterna forsteri, is a seabird of the family Laridae.

Fort-de-France /ˌfɔː də ˈfɹɑːns/ /ˌfɔː də ˈfɹɒ̃s/ /ˌfɔː(ɹ)t də ˈfɹæns/ pn
Fort-de-France
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Fortran /ˈfɔːrtræn/ /ˈfɔːˌtran/ pn
Fortran
(computer language) A high-level programming language first developed in the 1950s for scientific, engineering, and numerical computation.

Foucault's pendulum Foucault's pendulums n
Wahadło Foucaulta
A pendulum on a long wire, free to move in any direction; the plane of its motion appears to turn (clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere) as the world turns beneath it.

Fountain of Youth pn
fontanna młodości
(mythology) A legendary spring of water with the magical property of restoring youth and health to those who bathe or drink from it.

Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse pn
czterej jeźdźcy Apokalipsy
(biblical) Four beings in Revelation 6:1–8 that bring about the Apocalypse, each embodied as a horseman riding a different-colored horse that represents a different aspect of the Apocalypse.

Fourier transform Fourier transforms n
transformacja Fouriera
(analysis, harmonic analysis, physics, electrical engineering) A particular integral transform that when applied to a function of time (such as a signal), converts the function to one that plots the original function's frequency composition; the resultant function of such a conversion.

Fourth Reich pn
Czwarta Rzesza IV Rzesza
Hypothetical resurrection of Nazi Germany (Third Reich).

Fourth World pn
Czwarty Świat
(Hopi religion) Synonym of Túwaquachi

France /fɹæns/ /fɹɑːns/ Frances pn
Francja
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
A surname from French, famously held by—
Anatole France, a French poet, journalist, and novelist.
A en given name; .

Frances /ˈfɹænsɪz/ /ˈfɹɑːnsɪz/ pn
Franciszka
A en given name, feminine form of Francis.

Francis /ˈfɹænsɪs/ /ˈfɹɑːnsɪs/ pn
Franciszek
A en given name
(rare) A en given name, .

Franciscan /fɹænˈsɪskən/ adj
franciszkański
Of or related to St Francis of Assisi.
(Catholicism) Of or related to the Franciscans.

Franciscan /fɹænˈsɪskən/ Franciscans n
franciszkanin
(Catholicism) A member of the Order of the Friars Minor.

Franco- /ˈ fɹeɪ̯ŋ.koʊ̯/ prefix
franko-
Relating to France or the French people, language, or culture.

Francoism pn
frankizm
(historical) The period of history in Spain under the dictatorship of Francisco Franco, from 1936/1939 to 1975.

Francoist adj
frankistowski

Francoist Francoists n
frankista frankistka

Franconia /fɹæŋˈkoʊ.ni.ə/ /fɹæŋˈkoʊ.njə/ /fɹæŋˈkəʊ.ni.ə/ /fɹæŋˈkəʊ.njə/ pn
Frankonia
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Franconian /fɹæŋˈkoʊ.ni.ən/ /fɹæŋˈkəʊ.ni.ən/ adj
frankoński
Of or relating to Franconia or its inhabitants.

Francophile /ˈ fɹeɪ̯ŋ.koʊ̯ˌfaɪ̯l/ /ˈ fɹeɪ̯ŋ.kəˌfaɪ̯l/ more Francophile most Francophile adj
francofiel
Loving France, the French people, or French culture.

Francophile /ˈ fɹeɪ̯ŋ.koʊ̯ˌfaɪ̯l/ /ˈ fɹeɪ̯ŋ.kəˌfaɪ̯l/ Francophiles n
francofiel
One who loves France, the French people, or French culture.

Francophobia /ˈfɹæŋ.kəˈfoʊ.bi.ə/ n
frankofobia
The hatred or fear of the presence of the French language and its native speakers.

Francophone /ˈfɹæŋkɒfəʊn/ adj
francuskojęzyczny
French-speaking.

Frankfurt /ˈfɹæŋkfə(ɹ)t/ pn
Frankfurt Frankfurt nad Menem
Frankfurt am Main, TemplateParserError:LuaError.
Frankfurt Frankfurt nad Odrą
Frankfurt an der Oder, TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Frankfurt am Main /ˈfɹæŋkfɜː(ɹ)t æm ˈmaɪn/ pn
Frankfurt nad Menem
TemplateParserError:LuaError, situated on the Main River.

Frankfurt an der Oder pn
Frankfurt nad Odrą
TemplateParserError:LuaError, on the Oder River.

Frankish /ˈfɹæŋkɪʃ/ more Frankish most Frankish adj
frankijski
of or pertaining to the Franks
in or of the language of the Franks

Frankism n
frankizm
(religion) An offshoot of Judaism started by the Polish Jewish religious leader Jacob Frank.

Franklin's gull Franklin's gulls n
mewa preriowa
A migratory gull that breeds in the Northern Hemisphere and winters in the Southern Hemisphere; Leucophaeus pipixcan.

Frasch process pn
metoda Frascha

Frasnian pn
Fran

Frederick /ˈfɹɛd(ə)ɹɪk/ pn
Fryderyk
A en given name.

Free City of Danzig pn
Wolne Miasto Gdańsk
(historical) A sovereign state at the Baltic Sea between the World Wars I and II, encompassing the city of Danzig

FreeCell pn
FreeCell
A solitaire card game, similar to Klondike but with the addition of cells where one card can be placed at a time.

Freemason Freemasons n
mason wolnomularz
A member of the Free and Accepted Masons (sometimes entitled Ancient Free and Accepted Masons), an international fraternal and charitable organization.

Freemasonry pn
masoneria wolnomularstwo
The institutions, precepts, and rites of the Freemasons.

Freiburg /fɹaɪ.bɜː(ɹ)ɡ/ pn
Fryburg Bryzgowijski
TemplateParserError:LuaError. (the German name)
TemplateParserError:LuaError. (the German name)

French /fɹɛnt͡ʃ/ /fɹɛnʃ/ more French most French adj
francuski język francuski
Of or relating to the people or culture of France.
Of or relating to the French language.

French /fɹɛnt͡ʃ/ /fɹɛnʃ/ French Frenches n
Francuzi francuski
(chiefly, _, collective, and, in the plural) The people of France; groups of French people.

French /fɹɛnt͡ʃ/ /fɹɛnʃ/ Frenches pn
francuski francuszczyzna
(chiefly, _, uncountable) The language of France, shared by the neighboring countries Belgium, Monaco, and Switzerland and by former French colonies around the world.

French Guiana pn
Gujana Francuska
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

French Polynesia /ˈfɹɛntʃ pɑ.ləˈni.ʒə/ /ˈfɹɛntʃ pɑ.lɪˈni.ʒə/ /ˈfɹɛntʃ pɒl.ɪˈniː.zi.ə/ /ˈfɹɛntʃ pɒl.ɪˈniː.ʃə/ /ˈfɹɛntʃ pɒl.ɪˈniː.ʒə/ pn
Polinezja Francuska
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

French Republic pn
Republika Francuska
(a country).

French Republican Calendar pn
francuski kalendarz republikański francuski kalendarz rewolucyjny
The republican calendar used for twelve years in revolutionary France (from late 1793 to 1805).

French Revolution pn
rewolucja francuska Wielka Rewolucja Francuska
A period in France of radical social and political upheaval which saw the country change from a monarchy to a republic (1789–1799).

French Riviera pn
Lazurowe Wybrzeże
TemplateParserError:LuaError, popular with holiday-makers.

French bean French beans n
fasola szparagowa fasolka szparagowa
haricot bean, kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris).

French curve French curves n
krzywik
A drafting template having edges of various curvatures, used for drawing smoothly-curved lines.

French franc French francs n
frank francuski

French horn French horns n
waltornia
A coiled brass musical instrument, derived from the French hunting horn, which has rotary valves.

French kiss /frɛntʃˈkɪs/ /frɛnʃˈkɪs/ French kisses n
francuski pocałunek pocałunek z języczkiem
The act or an instance of kissing that involves the use of one's tongue.

French kiss /frɛntʃˈkɪs/ /frɛnʃˈkɪs/ v
całować
(ambitransitive) To give a French kiss, in its various senses.

French leave n
wyjście po angielsku
A departure taken suddenly, without announcement, and/or without permission. [from 1770s]

French onion soup French onion soups n
cebulowa
(culinary) A soup made with onions and beef broth or beef stock, traditionally served with croutons and cheese as toppings.

French window French windows n
okno francuskie portfenetr
(architecture) An outside door with glass panes, serving as a window and a door

Frenchified /ˈfɹɛnt͡ʃɪˌfaɪd/ more Frenchified most Frenchified adj
sfrancuziały
Made French or more French-like.

Frenchman Frenchmen n
Francuz
A man of French birth or nationality.

Frenchness /ˈfɹɛnt͡ʃnəs/ n
francuszczyzna
The quality or characteristic of being French.

Frenchwoman Frenchwomen n
Francuzka
A French woman; a woman of French ancestry, descent or citizenship.

Freudian /ˈfɹɔɪ.di.ən/ more Freudian most Freudian adj
freudowski
Relating to or influenced by the Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud (1856-1939).

Freudian /ˈfɹɔɪ.di.ən/ Freudians n
freudysta freudystka
A follower of Freud or his methods.

Freudian slip /ˌfɹɔɪdi.ən ˈslɪp/ /ˌfɹɔɪdɪ.ən ˈslɪp/ Freudian slips n
freudowska pomyłka
(psychology) A mistake in speech or action in which a person supposedly shows their true subconscious desires.

Freudianism Freudianisms n
freudyzm
(psychology, psychoanalysis) Freudian beliefs and practices, particularly the mechanism of psychological repression, the centrality of sexual desire to the development of the persona, and the efficacy of the "talking cure" or psychoanalytic technique.

Freya /ˈfɹeɪə/ pn
Freja
A en given name of mostly British usage.

Fribourg pn
Fryburg
TemplateParserError:LuaError. (the French name)
TemplateParserError:LuaError. (the French name)

Friday /-di/ /-ˌdi/ /ˈfɹaɪdeɪ/ /ˈfɹaɪˌdeɪ/ Fridays n
piątek
The sixth day of the week in many religious traditions, and the fifth day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 norm; the Muslim Sabbath; it follows Thursday and precedes Saturday.

Friesland /fɹiːzlænd/ /ˈfɹiːzlənd/ pn
Fryzja
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Frimaire /fɹiˈmɛəɹ/ /fɹɪˈmɛː/ Frimaires pn
frimaire
(historical) The third month of the French Republican Calendar, from November 21, 22 or 23 to December 20, 21 or 22.

Frisbee /ˈfɹɪzbi/ Frisbees n
frisbee
A disk-shaped gliding toy, sold under the brand name Frisbee.
(sports, uncountable) frisbee: the sport involving Frisbees.

Frisian /ˈfɹiː.ʒən/ /ˈfɹɪz.i.ən/ /ˈfɹɪʒ.ən/ more Frisian most Frisian adj
fryzyjski
Of, in or relating to the Frisian language or a Frisian language.
Of or relating to the natives or inhabitants of Frisia; to people of Frisian descent.
Of or relating to the natives or inhabitants of the Dutch province of Friesland.

Frisian /ˈfɹiː.ʒən/ /ˈfɹɪz.i.ən/ /ˈfɹɪʒ.ən/ Frisians n
Fryzyjka Fryz
A member of the Germanic ethnic group which is native to the region of Frisia (which is in the Netherlands, northern Germany, and southern Denmark).

Frisian /ˈfɹiː.ʒən/ /ˈfɹɪz.i.ən/ /ˈfɹɪʒ.ən/ pn
fryzyjski
(specifically) The West Frisian (or Western Frisian) lect, spoken in the northern Netherlands.
A Germanic language group or language (see Usage notes), or a lect thereof, which descended from Old Frisian, with speakers in the Netherlands, Germany and Denmark.

Fritz /fɹɪts/ Fritzes n
fryc helmut szkop szwab
(UK, offensive, ethnic slur) A German person, usually male.

Friuli-Venezia Giulia pn
Friuli-Wenecja Julijska
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Friulian /fɹiːuːli(ː)ən/ more Friulian most Friulian adj
friulski
Of or relating to Friuli.

Friulian /fɹiːuːli(ː)ən/ pn
friulski
A language spoken in Friuli.

Frodo pn
Frodo
A Latin form of Fróði, the name of a number of Danish kings.

Froude number Froude numbers n
liczba Froude'a

Fructidor /ˈfɹʊktɪdɔː/ /ˌfɹʊktəˈdɔɹ/ /ˌfɹʏktəˈdɔɹ/ Fructidors pn
fructidor
(historical) The twelfth and final month of the French Republican Calendar, from August 18 or 19 to September 16 or 17.

Fulk Fulks pn
Fulcjusz
A male given name of historical usage

Furies pn
Furie
(Greek god) Synonym of Erinyes; the goddesses of vengeance.

Fury Furies pn
Furia
(Greek mythology) A female personification of vengeance.

Fusha /ˈfʊshə/ pn
fusha standardowy język arabski
Modern Standard Arabic and Classical Arabic, taken together: "standard" Arabic, used in religious texts, in writing, and in formal speech, as opposed to the regional "dialects" used for most daily communication.

G clef G clefs n
klucz wiolinowy
(music) A clef indicating the position of one-lined G (g′ or G4) on a staff.

G-d pn
B-g
(dated, Christianity) in contexts perceived as blasphemous.

G-sharp G-sharps n
gis
(music) A tone one semitone higher than a G, denoted G♯.

G-spot /ˈdʒiː.spɒt/ G-spots n
punkt G
A proposed sensitive, erogenous zone on the anterior wall of the vagina.

G-string n
stringi
A scanty covering for the genitalia, with a thin strip of fabric that passes between the buttocks.

G8 pn
G8
The former annual meeting of their leaders (prior to Russia's 2014 expulsion from the group).

GDP /ˌd͡ʒiːdiːˈpiː/ GDPs n
PKB
(economics) Initialism of gross domestic product.

GDPR pn
RODO
(European Union, _, law) Initialism of General Data Protection Regulation: a regulation in EU law on data protection and privacy in the European Union (EU) and the European Economic Area (EEA).

GDR pn
NRD
(history) Initialism of German Democratic Republic (“East Germany”).

GFY phraseologicalUnit
idź się jebać pierdol się
(Internet slang) Initialism of go fuck yourself.

GMO GMO GMOs n
GMO
Initialism of genetically modified organism.

GPS GPSes n
GPS
(cartography) Initialism of global positioning system (“satellite navigation system”).

GPS receiver GPS receivers n
nawigacja
An audiovisual device, fitted to a civilian road vehicle, that uses the military Global Positioning System (U.S. Navstar system) as an aid to navigation.
(by extension) A device that uses any global positioning system satellite network.

GRU pn
GRU
The Main Intelligence Directorate — the Soviet and then the Russian military intelligence agency.

Gabon /ɡəˈbɒn/ pn
Gabon
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Gabonese /ɡæ.bəˈniːz/ adj
gaboński
Of, from, or pertaining to Gabon or the Gabonese people

Gabonese /ɡæ.bəˈniːz/ Gabonese n
Gabonka Gabończyk
A person from Gabon or of Gabonese descent.

Gabriel /ˈɡeɪbɹi.əl/ pn
Gabriel
A en given name.
An archangel associated in Judaism, Christianity and Islam, with carrying messages from God.

Gabriela pn
Gabriela
A en given name, a latinate feminine form of Gabriel.

Gaea /d͡ʒiːə/ /ˈɡaɪə/ pn
Gaja
.

Gaelic /ˈɡalɪk/ /ˈɡeɪlɪk/ /ˈɡælɪk/ adj
gaelicki
Of or relating to the Gaels, the Goidel peoples of Scotland, Ireland, and the Manx, or their languages.

Gaelic football /ˌɡeɪlɪk ˈfʊtbɔl/ /ˌɡeɪlɪk ˈfʊtbɔːl/ /ˌɡæ-/ [-ˈfʊʔ-] n
futbol gaelicki
An Irish form of football played by two teams of 15 players each, who score by kicking or punching a ball into the opposing team's goal or over a crossbar and between two upright posts above the goal.

Gagauz /ˌɡæɡɑːˈuːz/ adj
gagauski
Of, from, or pertaining to Gagauzia, the Gagauz people, or the Gagauz language.

Gagauz /ˌɡæɡɑːˈuːz/ Gagauzes n
Gagauz Gagauzka
A person from Gagauzia or of Gagauz descent.

Gagauz /ˌɡæɡɑːˈuːz/ pn
gagauski
The language of Gagauzia and the Gagauz people.

Gagauzia pn
Gagauzja
TemplateParserError:LuaError, formally known as the Autonomous Territorial Unit of Găgăuzia.

Gaia /ˈɡaɪə/ /ˈɡeɪə/ pn
Gaja
(ecology) The ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating superorganism. [from 20th c.]
(Greek mythology) A Greek goddess, the personification of the earth, and one of the primordial deities from whom all the others descend.

Galapagos Islands pn
Galapagos
TemplateParserError:LuaError, famed for their influence on Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection.

Galatia pn
Galacja
A region of ancient Asia Minor, in what is now central Turkey; a province of ancient Rome.

Galatian /ɡəˈleɪ.ʃən/ more Galatian most Galatian adj
galacki
Of or pertaining to Galatia.

Galatian /ɡəˈleɪ.ʃən/ Galatians n
Galacjanin Galacjanka Galata Galatka
A person from Galatia.

Galatians /ɡəˈleɪʃənz/ pn
List do Galatów
(biblical) The ninth book of the New Testament of the Bible, the epistle of Saint Paul to the Galatians.

Galați pn
Gałacz

Galicia /ɡəˈlɪ.si.ə/ /ɡəˈlɪ.ʃə/ pn
Galicia Galicja
A former Iberian kingdom, now an autonomous region of Spain.
Galicja
TemplateParserError:LuaError, now divided between Poland and Ukraine.

Galician /ɡəˈlɪs.i.ən/ /ɡəˈlɪʃ.ən/ more Galician most Galician adj
galicyjski galisyjski
Of or pertaining to the region of Galicia in Iberia.
Of or pertaining to the people of Galicia (in Iberia) or their culture.
galicyjski
Of or pertaining to the historical region of Galicia in Central Europe.

Galician /ɡəˈlɪs.i.ən/ /ɡəˈlɪʃ.ən/ Galicians n
Galicjanin Galicjanka
(countable) A native or inhabitant of Galicia, a region of the northwestern Iberian peninsula.
An inhabitant of Galicia, a region in Poland and Ukraine.
Galicjanin galicyjski Galicjanka
(uncountable) The language of Galicia; a Romance language spoken in the northwestern corner of the Iberian peninsula.

Galilean Galileans n
Galilejczyk Galilejka
A native or resident of Galilee.

Galilee pn
Galilea
A mountainous geographic region in northern Israel.

Galileo /ˌɡæl.ɪˈleɪ.oʊ/ /ˌɡæl.ɪˈleɪ.əʊ/ /ˌɡæl.ɪˈliː.oʊ/ /ˌɡæl.ɪˈlæɪ.əʉ/ pn
Galileusz
Galileo Galilei (1564–1642), an Italian thinker and key figure in the scientific revolution who improved the telescope, made astronomical observations, and put forward the basic principle of relativity in physics.

Gallic /ˈɡælɪk/ more Gallic most Gallic adj
galijski
(historical) Of or related to Gaul or the Gauls.

Gallo- prefix
gallo-

Gallurese adj
gallurski galluryjski
Of or pertaining to Gallura, Sardinia.

Gallurese Gallurese n
Gallur Galluryjka
A native or inhabitant of Gallura, Sardinia.

Gallurese pn
gallurski
A Romance language or dialect, transitional between Corsican and Sardinian, spoken in the historical region of Gallura, northeastern Sardinia.

Galway /ˈɡɔlweɪ/ /ˈɡɔːlweɪ/ pn
Galway
A county in the West of the Republic of Ireland.

Galway Bay pn
Zatoka Galway
TemplateParserError:LuaError, between the counties of Galway and Connacht.

Gambia /ˈɡæm.bi.ə/ pn
Gambia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Gambian adj
gambijski
Of, from, or pertaining to Gambia or the Gambian people.

Gambian Gambians n
Gambijczyk Gambijka
A person from Gambia or of Gambian descent.

Ganesha /ɡəˈne(ɪ)ʃ(ə)/ /ɡəˈneɪʃə/ pn
Ganeśa
(Hinduism) A Hindu god of intellect, wisdom, gates, and beginnings, son of Parvati and Shiva.

Gang of Four pn
banda czworga
(China, historical, politics) A leftist political faction composed of four Chinese Communist Party officials that came to prominence during the Chinese Cultural Revolution.

Ganges /ˈɡændʒiːz/ /ˈɡænd͡ʒiz/ pn
Ganges
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Gansu pn
Gansu
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Ganymede /ˈɡænɪmiːd/ pn
Ganimedes
(Greek god) A Trojan boy who was abducted (either by Zeus or Eos), and ultimately became immortal in order to be Zeus' cupbearer.
(astronomy) A moon of Jupiter.

Gascon /ˈɡæskən/ Gascons n
Gaskon Gaskonka Gaskończyk
A native or inhabitant of Gascony, a region of southwest France. [from 14th c.]

Gascony pn
Gaskonia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Gatling gun /ˈɡætlɪŋ ˌɡʌn/ Gatling guns n
kartaczownica Gatlinga
A type of gun, similar to a modern machine gun, with several barrels on a rotating frame.

Gaul /ɡɑl/ /ɡɔːl/ Gauls n
Gal Galijka
A person from Gaul.

Gaul /ɡɑl/ /ɡɔːl/ pn
Galia
(chiefly, historic) TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Gaulish /ɡɑlɪʃ/ /ɡɔːlɪʃ/ adj
galijski
Of or pertaining to Gaul.
Of or pertaining to the Celtic tribes speaking Gaulish languages.

Gaulish /ɡɑlɪʃ/ /ɡɔːlɪʃ/ pn
galijski
The Celtic language that was spoken in Gaul, long extinct.

Gaza /ˈɡɑːzə/ pn
Gaza
TemplateParserError:LuaError, around the city.

Gaza Strip /ˌɡɑːzə ˈstɹɪp/ pn
Strefa Gazy Gaza
TemplateParserError:LuaError: A small area of land on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea, a Palestinian territory bordered by Egypt and Israel.

Gazan /ˈɡɑːzən/ adj
gazański
Of or from Gaza.

Gazan /ˈɡɑːzən/ Gazans n
Gazanka Gazańczyk Gazejczyk Gazejka
A native or inhabitant of Gaza (Gaza City or the Gaza Strip in general).

Gdańsk /ɡəˈdænsk/ /ɡəˈdɑːnsk/ pn
Gdańsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Gdynia /ɡəˈdɪniə/ pn
Gdynia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Gdynian more Gdynian most Gdynian adj
gdyński
From Gdynia.

Gehenna /ɡəˈhɛ.nə/ pn
gehenna
In rabbinical literature and Christian and Islamic scripture, the place where the souls of the wicked go after death, where they suffer eternal damnation or annihilation.

Gelasian pn
gelas
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Pleistocene epoch.

Gelderland pn
Geldria
A province of The Netherlands with Arnhem as capital.

Gelendzhik pn
Gelendżyk
TemplateParserError:LuaError, on the Black Sea, in Krasnodar Krai, famous for its resorts.

Gemini /ˈd͡ʒɛmɪnaɪ/ /ˈd͡ʒɛmɪniː/ pn
Bliźnięta
(zodiac constellations) A constellation of the zodiac traditionally taken to represent the pair of twins Castor and Pollux in Greek mythology. It contains the stars Castor, Pollux, and Alhena.
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the twins, ruled by Mercury and covering May 22 – June 21 (tropical astrology) or June 16 – July 15 (sidereal astrology).

Gemma /ˈd͡ʒɛmə/ Gemmas pn
Gemma
A en given name.
(star) A bright binary star in the constellation Corona Borealis; Alpha (α) Coronae Borealis.

General Government pn
Generalne Gubernatorstwo
(historical) an occupation zone established by Nazi Germany consisting of parts of modern day Poland, Slovakia and Ukraine

General Secretary /ˈd͡ʒɛnəɹəl ˈsɛk.ɹəˌtə.ɹi/ General Secretaries n
sekretarz generalny
Chief officer or leader of a political party or organization, especially in Communist contexts.

Generation X /ˌdʒɛnəɹeɪʃn̩ ˈɛks/ /ˌdʒɛnəˌɹeɪʃən ˈɛks/ pn
Pokolenie X
(specifically) The generation of people born after the baby boom that followed World War II, especially those born from the mid 1960s to early 1980s, sometimes characterized as cynical, disaffected, lacking direction in life, and unwilling to take part fully in society.

Genesis /ˈd͡ʒɛ.nə.səs/ pn
Księga Rodzaju Genesis
(religion) The first book in the Hebrew Bible.

Geneva /d͡ʒəˈniːvə/ pn
Genewa
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
The largest lake in Switzerland: see Lake Geneva.
TemplateParserError:LuaError; see also Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, a city nearby.
TemplateParserError:LuaError, including:
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
A en given name or confused with Genevieve or Ginevra.
(by ellipsis) The Geneva Convention.

Geneva Convention pn
konwencja genewska
(international law) An international treaty which defines the required treatment for prisoners of war by their captors.

Genevan adj
genewski
From, or pertaining to, Geneva.

Genevieve /ˈdʒɛn.ɪˌviːv/ pn
Genowefa
A en given name.

Genghis Khan /ˈdʒɛŋɡɪs ˈkɑːn/ /ˈɡɛŋɡɪs ˈkɑːn/ pn
Czyngis-chan Dżyngis-chan
The founder and first ruler (khan) of the Mongol Empire.

Genoa /dʒɛnˈəʊ.ə/ /d͡ʒɛnˈoʊ.ə/ /ˈdʒɛn.əʊ.ə/ /ˈd͡ʒɛn.oʊ.ə/ pn
Genua
TemplateParserError:LuaError, and also of the province of Genoa.
(historical) a maritime republic in northwestern Italy that existed from the 11th century until its disestablishment in 1797 when Napoleon formed the Ligurian Republic, a client state; Genoa briefly regained independence in 1814 before becoming quickly annexed by the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1815.

Genoese /ˌd͡ʒɛnəʊˈiːz/ adj
genueński
Of, from or relating to Genoa.

Genseric m pn
Genzeryk
(rare) A en given name of mainly historical use, borne by a king of the Vandals.

George /dʒɔː(ɹ)dʒ/ Georges pn
Jerzy
A diminutive of the en given names Georgina or Georgia; also used in the conjoined name George Ann(e).

Georgeson /ˈdʒɔː(ɹ)dʒsən/ pn
Jerzewicz
An English and Scottish surname originating as a patronymic.

Georgia /ˈd͡ʒɔɹ.d͡ʒə/ /ˈd͡ʒɔʊ.d͡ʒə/ /ˈd͡ʒɔː.d͡ʒə/ pn
Gruzja
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
Georgia Gruzja
A transitional serif typeface named after the state, designed by Matthew Carter in 1993.

Georgian /ˈd͡ʒoːd͡ʒən/ /ˈd͡ʒɔɹd͡ʒən/ /ˈd͡ʒɔʊ.d͡ʒən/ /ˈd͡ʒɔːd͡ʒən/ adj
gruziński
Of, from, or pertaining to the Eastern European country of Georgia, the Georgian people or the Georgian language.

Georgian /ˈd͡ʒoːd͡ʒən/ /ˈd͡ʒɔɹd͡ʒən/ /ˈd͡ʒɔʊ.d͡ʒən/ /ˈd͡ʒɔːd͡ʒən/ Georgians n
Gruzin Gruzinka gruziński
(countable) A person or a descendant of a person from Georgia, a country in Eastern Europe and Western Asia.
gruziński Gruzin Gruzinka
(countable) A native or resident of the state of Georgia in the United States of America.

Geraldine pn
Geraldyna
A en given name.

German /ˈd͡ʒɜː.mən/ /ˈd͡ʒɝ.mən/ Germanest more German most German adj
niemiecki Niemiec
Of or relating to the natives or inhabitants of Germany; to people of German descent.

German /ˈd͡ʒɜː.mən/ /ˈd͡ʒɝ.mən/ Germans n
Niemiec Niemka niemiecki
(countable) A native or inhabitant of Germany; a person of German citizenship or nationality.
Niemiec Niemka Germanin Germanka
A member of the Germanic ethnic group which is the most populous ethnic group in Germany; a person of German descent.

German /ˈd͡ʒɜː.mən/ /ˈd͡ʒɝ.mən/ pn
niemiecki niemczyzna
(uncountable) An Indo-European (Indo-Germanic) language, primarily spoken in Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, South Tyrol, Switzerland, Luxembourg, and a small part of Belgium.

German Democratic Republic pn
Niemiecka Republika Demokratyczna
The official name of East Germany from 1949 until reunification in 1990.

German Empire pn
Cesarstwo Niemieckie
(historical) The German state which existed, with Berlin as its capital, between 1871 and 1918.

German shepherd German shepherds n
owczarek niemiecki
A large-sized breed of dog often used as a guard dog or police dog.

German studies n
filologia germańska germanistyka filologia niemiecka
(humanities) A field that researches, documents, and disseminates German language and literature in both its historic and present forms.

Germania pn
Germania
(historical) Any of several geographical regions of different historical periods that were mainly inhabited by Germanic peoples.

Germanic /d͡ʒɜːˈmæn.ɪk/ /d͡ʒɝˈmæn.ɪk/ more Germanic most Germanic adj
germański
Relating to the Germanic peoples (such as Germans, Scandinavians or Anglo-Saxons).
(linguistics) Relating to the language or group of languages known as Germanic.
Having German characteristics.

Germanic /d͡ʒɜːˈmæn.ɪk/ /d͡ʒɝˈmæn.ɪk/ pn
germański
(linguistics) The early, undocumented ancestral language from which other Germanic languages developed, such as Afrikaans, Danish, Dutch, Frisian, English, German, Faroese, Icelandic, Yiddish, Norwegian and Swedish.
germańskie germański
(linguistics) The group of Indo-European languages that developed from (Ur-)Germanic.

Germanism Germanisms n
germanizm
(countable) A word or idiom of the German language (that has been borrowed by another language).

Germanization Germanizations n
germanizacja
The act of making something have more German characteristics.

Germanize /ˈdʒɜːmənaɪz/ /ˈd͡ʒɝmənaɪz/ v
germanizować niemczyć zniemczać
(transitive) To give a German character to (something).
(intransitive) To adopt German customs or culture.

Germanness n
niemczyzna niemiecczyzna
The quality or characteristic of being German.

Germano- prefix
germano-
Relating to Germany and German culture.

Germanophone more Germanophone most Germanophone adj
niemieckojęzyczny
German-speaking.

Germany /ˈd͡ʒɜː.mə.ni/ /ˈd͡ʒɝ.mə.ni/ Germanies Germanys pn
Niemcy
A nation or civilization occupying the country around the Rhine, Elbe, and upper Danube Rivers in Central Europe, taken as a whole under its various governments.

Germinal /ˈdʒɜːmɪnəl/ /ˈd͡ʒɝmənəl/ Germinals pn
germinal
(historical) The seventh month of the French Republican Calendar, starting on the date of the vernal equinox (March 21 or 22) and ending on April 19 or 20.

Gertrude /ˈɡɝtɹud/ pn
Gertruda
A en given name.

Gervase pn
Gerwazy
A en given name, common in the Middle Ages but rare today.

Gesamtkunstwerk Gesamtkunstwerks n
synteza sztuki
Total artwork; an artistic creation such as an operatic performance that encompasses music, theatre and the visual arts.

Gestapo /ɡəˈʃtɑpoʊ/ /ɡɛˈstɑpoʊ/ pn
Gestapo gestapo
(historical, Nazism) The secret police of Nazi Germany.

Gethsemane /ɡɛθˈsɛməni/ pn
Getsemani Ogród Oliwny Ogrójec
A biblical location in ancient Jerusalem, a garden at the foot of the Mount of Olives where, according to the four Gospels of the New Testament, Jesus underwent the agony in the garden and was arrested the night before his crucifixion.

Gettier problem Gettier problems n
problem Gettiera

Ghana /ˈɡænə/ /ˈɡɑnə/ /ˈɡɑːnə/ pn
Ghana
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Ghanaian /ɡɑː.ˈneɪ.ən/ /ˈɡɑ.ni.ən/ adj
ghański
Of, from, or pertaining to Ghana or the Ghanaian people.

Ghanaian /ɡɑː.ˈneɪ.ən/ /ˈɡɑ.ni.ən/ Ghanaians n
Ghanka Ghańczyk
A person from Ghana or of Ghanaian descent.

Ghazni pn
Ghazni
TemplateParserError:LuaError, TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError around the city.

Ghent /ˈɡɛnt/ pn
Gandawa
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Ghibelline /ˈɡɪbəlaɪn/ /ˈɡɪbəlin/ /ˈɡɪbələn/ /ˈɡɪbɪlaɪn/ Ghibellines n
gibelin
(historical, politics) In the politics of medieval Italian city states, any member of a faction that supported the Holy Roman Emperor in a long struggle against the Guelphs and the Pope.

Ghost of Christmas Past pn
Duch minionych świąt Bożego Narodzenia
A fictional ghost in A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens, who visits Ebenezer Scrooge in order to show him his past, especially certain events of past Christmases that contributed to his later distaste for Christmas.

Ghost of Christmas Present pn
duch teraźniejszych świąt Bożego Narodzenia
A fictional ghost in A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens, who visits Ebenezer Scrooge accompanied by a great feast in order to show him events of the current Christmas.

Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come pn
duch przyszłych świąt Bożego Narodzenia
A fictional ghost in A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens; it visits Ebenezer Scrooge in order to show his impending fate of death and loneliness in a future Christmas that is ultimately avoided.

Giant Mountains pn
Karkonosze
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Gibraltar /d͡ʒɪˈbɹɒltə(ɹ)/ /d͡ʒɪˈbɹɔːltə(ɹ)/ pn
Gibraltar
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Gibson's paradox pn
paradoks Giffena

Gilead /ˈɡɪliæd/ /ˈɡɪliəd/ pn
Gilead
(biblical) A region east of the Jordan river.

Giles /d͡ʒaɪlz/ pn
Idzi
A en given name.

Gilgamesh /ˈɡɪl.ɡə.mɛʃ/ pn
Gilgamesz
A semi-legendary king of Uruk, who is the hero of the Babylonian poem Epic of Gilgamesh.

Girl Scout Girl Scouts n
skautka
(US) A member of the Girl Scouts, a worldwide youth organisation for girls, known as Girl Guides in Commonwealth countries.

Gironde /dʒɪˈɹɒnd/ /d͡ʒɪˈɹɑnd/ /ʒɪˈɹɒnd/ pn
Żyronda
An estuary formed by the French rivers Garonne and Dordogne; Official name: Gironde estuary

Girondist Girondists n
żyrondysta
(historical) A member of a moderate political faction in France during the French Revolution.

Glagolitic /ˌɡlæɡəʊˈlɪtɪk/ /ˌɡlæɡəˈlɪtɪk/ adj
głagolicki głagoliczny
Of or written with the Glagolitic alphabet.

Glagolitic /ˌɡlæɡəʊˈlɪtɪk/ /ˌɡlæɡəˈlɪtɪk/ n
głagolica
(linguistics) The oldest known Slavonic alphabet, designed around 862–863 by Saint Cyril in order to translate the Bible and other texts into Old Church Slavonic. Mostly replaced by Cyrillic alphabet in Orthodox Christian Slavic countries, but still in use in the Croatian Church along the Dalmatian coast, in Czech and Croatian recensions of Church Slavic.

Glarus pn
Glarus
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Glasgow /ˈɡlaz.ɡo/ /ˈɡles.kə/ /ˈɡlez.ɡə/ /ˈɡlæs-/ /ˈɡlæz-/ /ˈɡlæz.ɡoʊ/ /ˈɡlæz.ɡəʉ/ /ˈɡlɐːz.ɡɐʉ/ /ˈɡlɐːz.ɡəʉ/ /ˈɡlɑːs-/ /ˈɡlɑːz.ɡəʊ/ /ˈɡlɛz.ɡɐʉ/ pn
Glasgow
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError:

Glaswegian /ɡlaz.ˈwiːdʒən/ more Glaswegian most Glaswegian adj
glasgowski

Glauber's salt Glauber's salts n
siarczan sodu

Gliwice pn
Gliwice
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Gnostic /ˈnɑstɪk/ /ˈnɒstɪk/ adj
gnostycki gnostyczny
Of, or relating to Gnosticism

Gnostic /ˈnɑstɪk/ /ˈnɒstɪk/ Gnostics n
gnostyczka gnostyk
A believer in Gnosticism

Gnosticism /ˈnɑstəsɪzəm/ /ˈnɒstɪsɪzəm/ Gnosticisms n
gnostycyzm
A wide variety of Jewish and early Christian sects having an interest in gnosis, or divine knowledge, and generally holding the belief that there is a god greater than the Demiurge, or the creator of the world.

Goa pn
Goa
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Gobelin Gobelins n
arras gobelin tapiseria
A mainly French and Flemish type of tapestry having richly coloured pictorial designs.

God /ɡɑ(d)/ /ɡɑd/ /ɡɒd/ /ɡɔːd/ Gods n
Bóg
A being such as a monotheistic God: a single divine creator and ruler of the universe.

God /ɡɑ(d)/ /ɡɑd/ /ɡɒd/ /ɡɔːd/ Gods pn
Bóg
The single deity of various monotheistic religions, especially the deity of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

God bless you interjection
niech cię Bóg błogosławi szczęść Boże
Short for May God bless you; said as a short prayer, benediction, or valediction for the recipient.
na zdrowie
Said to somebody who has sneezed, as a rhetorical response;

God complex God complexes n
Kompleks Boga
An unshakable belief characterized by consistently inflated feelings of personal ability, privilege, or infallibility.

God forbid interjection
broń Boże nie daj Bóg niech Pan Bóg broni
(idiomatic, subjunctive) indicating that the eventuality is both unlikely and undesirable

God knows phraseologicalUnit
Bóg jeden wie Bóg jedyny wie Bóg raczy wiedzieć Bóg wie
It is only known to God; it is unknown to people.

God the Father pn
Bóg Ojciec Pan Bóg
(Christian, _, theology) The person (hypostasis) of the Trinity or Godhead corresponding to the God of Abraham and the Jewish scriptures and considered the creator of mankind and Father of Jesus Christ

God the Holy Ghost pn
Bóg Duch Święty
(Christian, _, theology) The person (hypostasis) of the Trinity or Godhead corresponding to divine essence present in the faithful (particularly, inspired prophets) and considered to proceed either (Eastern Orthodoxy) from God the Father alone or (Roman Catholicism) from Him together with God the Son.

God the Son pn
Syn Boży Syn Człowieczy
(Christian, _, theology) The person (hypostasis) of the Trinity or Godhead corresponding to the Word of God, which became flesh—incarnated—in Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son of God the Father.

God willing interjection
daj Boże jak Bóg da
Used to indicate acceptance of God's will when expressing an intention or hope.

God works in mysterious ways proverb
niezbadane są wyroki Boskie
Commenting that a seemingly unfortunate or unfavourable situation or change may be beneficial later or in the long run.

God-fearing more God-fearing most God-fearing adj
bogobojny pobożny
(religion) Following the precepts of a religious practice; respecting and revering God and his authority.

Godfrey /ˈɡɑdfɹi/ /ˈɡɒdfɹi/ Godfreys pn
Godfryd
A en given name.

Godspeed /ˌɡɑdˈspid/ /ˌɡɒdˈspiːd/ interjection
powodzenia szczęść Boże z Bogiem
(literary) Used, especially at a parting, to express the wish that the outcome of the actions of a person (typically someone about to start a journey or a daring endeavour) is positive for them.

Godzilla /ɡɑdˈzɪlə/ /ɡɒdˈzɪlə/ pn
Godzilla
A fictional Japanese monster (kaiju) from a series of science-fiction films.

Goethean adj
goethowski
Of or relating to Johann Wolfgang Goethe, a German writer and thinker.

Gogol pn
Gogol
A Russian and Ukrainian surname.

Goidelic /ɡɔɪˈdɛlɪk/ n
gaelicki goidelski
Division of the Gaelic languages including Irish Gaelic, Manx Gaelic and Scottish Gaelic.

Golan Heights pn
Wzgórza Golan
A plateau straddling the border between Syria and Israel.

Golden Fleece /ˈɡoʊl.dən fliːs/ /ˈɡəʊl.dən fliːs/ [ˈɡɒʊ̯ɫ.dn̩ ˈfliːs] [ˈɡəɫ.dn̩ ˈfliːs] pn
złote runo
(Greek mythology) A magical fleece from a winged ram guarded by the hydra in the tale of Jason and the Argonauts.
A chivalric order founded in 1430 by Duke Philip III of Burgundy. Later awarded in Spain and Habsburg Austria.

Golden Gate Bridge pn
Golden Gate Bridge most Golden Gate
A 1.7-mile-long suspension bridge linking Marin County, California, to San Francisco, California.

Golden Horde pn
Złota Orda
(historical) A Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century and originating as the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire.

Golden Horn pn
Złoty Róg
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Golden Retriever Golden Retrievers n
golden retriever
A breed of dog, originating in Britain.

Goldilocks /ˈɡəʊldilɒks/ pn
Złotowłosa
The protagonist of a traditional fairy tale. She is a golden-haired young girl who inquisitively enters the house of three bears and tries their three bowls of porridge, three chairs, and three beds, in each case finding only one that suits her.

Golgotha /ɡɒlˈɡɒθə/ /ˈɡɒlɡəθə/ pn
Golgota
(biblical) The hill outside Jerusalem where Jesus was crucified.
(Oxbridge slang, obsolete) The rooms of the heads of the colleges. [18th–19th c.]

Goliard Goliards n
goliard wagant
(historical) A wandering student of the 12th or 13th century, whose convivial lifestyle included minstrelsy and a typical satyric Latin poetry.

Goliath /ɡəˈlaɪəθ/ pn
Goliat
A giant who, according to the Bible, was vanquished in battle with King David.

Gomel pn
Gomel Homel
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Gomorrah /ɡəˈmɔɹ.ə/ /ɡəˈmɔː.ɹə/ pn
Gomora
(Biblical, Quranic) TemplateParserError:LuaError which, according to the Hebrew Bible and to Islamic tradition, was destroyed by God (along with Sodom) for the sins of its inhabitants.

Gondwana /ɡɑndˈwɑnə/ /ɡɒndˈwɑːnə/ pn
Gondwana
(geology) A southern supercontinent, formed before Pangaea between 600 and 530 million years ago, that included most of the landmasses which make up today's continents of the Southern Hemisphere.

Good Book pn
Pismo Święte
The (Christian) Bible.

Good Friday Good Fridays pn
Wielki Piątek
(Christianity) The Friday before Easter Sunday, the commemoration of the day on which Christ was crucified.

Good Samaritan Good Samaritans n
Dobry Samarytanin
(figurative, idiomatic) A person who helps someone in distress out of their own good nature.

Good Samaritan law Good Samaritan laws n
prawo dobrego Samarytanina
(legal) A law that exempts from legal liability a person who attempts to give reasonable aid to another person who is injured, ill, or otherwise imperiled.

Good Shepherd pn
Dobry Pasterz
(Christianity) Jesus Christ

Goofy pn
Goofy
A Disney character: a slow-witted anthropomorphic dog with a goofy laugh.

Google /ˈɡuːɡəl/ pn
Google
(trademark) A particular Internet company.
(computing, trademark) A search engine that popularized the company of the same name.

Gorbachev pn
Gorbaczow
A transliteration of the Russian surname Горбачёв (Gorbačóv).

Gorbachevian more Gorbachevian most Gorbachevian adj
gorbaczowowski

Gordian knot /ˈɡoʊɹdɪən ˈnɑt/ /ˈɡɔːdɪən ˈnɒt/ Gordian knots n
węzeł gordyjski
(Greek mythology) The legendary knot tied to a pole near the temple of Zeus in Gordium.
(by extension) Any intricate and complex problem having a simple solution.

Gorizia pn
Gorycja
TemplateParserError:LuaError
A statistical region of Slovenia

Gorno-Altaysk pn
Gornoałtajsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Gorstian pn
Gorst

Gorzuchów /ɡɔːˈʒuːxuːf/ pn
Gorzuchów
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Gorzów pn
Gorzów
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Gorzów Wielkopolski pn
Gorzów Wielkopolski
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Gorzów Śląski pn
Gorzów Śląski
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Gosplan /ˈɡɒsplæn/ pn
Gosplan

Goth /ɡɑθ/ /ɡɒθ/ Goths n
Got Gotka
A member of the East Germanic people known for their invasion of the western Roman Empire and subsequent founding of successor states in Italy and Spain during Late Antiquity.

Gothenburg /ˈɡɑθn̩bɝɡ/ /ˈɡɒθn̩bɜːɡ/ pn
Göteborg
TemplateParserError:LuaError. It is the second-largest city in Sweden.

Gothenburger Gothenburgers n
göteborczyk göteborka
A person from, or an inhabitant of, the Swedish city of Gothenburg.

Gothic /ˈɡɑ.θɪk/ /ˈɡɒθ.ɪk/ more Gothic most Gothic adj
gocki
Of or relating to the Goths or their language. [from 1611]
gotycki
(architecture) Of or relating to the architectural style favored in Western Europe in the 12th to 16th centuries, with high-pointed arches, clustered columns, etc. [from 1640s]
(literature) Of or relating to the style of fictional writing associated with Gothic fiction, emphasizing violent or macabre events in a mysterious, desolate setting. [from early 19th c.]
(typography, USA) Of a sans serif typeface using straight, even-width lines, also known as grotesque.
Of or relating to the goth subculture, music or lifestyle. [from 1980s]

Gothic /ˈɡɑ.θɪk/ /ˈɡɒθ.ɪk/ pn
gocki
An extinct Germanic language, once spoken by the Goths.

Gotland pn
Gotlandia
TemplateParserError:LuaError; the only municipality there, so it, the county and island all have the same area.

Gozo /ˈɡoʊzoʊ/ /ˈɡəʊzəʊ/ pn
Gozo
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Graham bread Graham breads n
graham
Bread baked from graham flour, a type of unsifted wheat flour.

Granada /ɡɹəˈnɑː.də/ pn
Granada
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError:

Grand Duchy of Lithuania pn
Wielkie Księstwo Litewskie
(historical) A former European state from the 13th century until 1795, encompassing the territory of modern-day Lithuania and Belarus, a large part of Ukraine, and small parts of Russia and Poland

Grand Duchy of Luxembourg pn
Wielkie Księstwo Luksemburga
The official name of the independent country of Luxembourg.

Grand Prix /ɡɹæn(d) ˈpɹiː/ /ɡɹɑn ˈpɹiː/ /ɡɹɑ̃ ˈpɹiː/ /ɡɹɒn ˈpɹiː/ /ɡɹɒ̃ ˈpɹiː/ Grands Prix n
grand prix
any of several international races, especially one of a series for Formula One racing cars

Grand Slam pn
Wielki Szlem
(tennis) The four biggest competitions of the year: Wimbledon, the French Open, Australian Open and the US Open

Grandmaster Grandmasters n
arcymistrz arcymistrzyni
(chess) A player of the highest rank, as determined by FIDE, with an Elo rating of at least 2500. [From 1950.]

Great Barrier Reef pn
Wielka Rafa Koralowa
A massive system of coral reefs, found in the Coral Sea off the coast of Australia.

Great Bear pn
Wielka Niedźwiedzica
(constellation) A bright circumpolar asterism of the northern sky, said to resemble a large bear. It is part of the constellation Ursa Major and includes the stars Mizar, Dubhe, and Alkaid.

Great Britain pn
Wielka Brytania
The island (and sometimes including some of the surrounding smaller islands) off the north-west coast of Europe made up of England, Scotland, and Wales.
(historical, or, loosely) The United Kingdom, or its predecessor the Kingdom of Great Britain (1707–1801).

Great Dane Great Danes n
dog niemiecki
A mastiff known for its great size, bred in Germany to hunt boar and large game.

Great Depression pn
Wielki kryzys
(economics, business, finance, historical) A major economic collapse characterized by mass unemployment and limited business activity that lasted from 1929 to 1940 in the US and a similar period in many other countries.

Great Game pn
wielka gra
(historical) The strategic rivalry and conflict between the British Empire and the Russian Empire for supremacy in Central Asia, mainly during the 19th century.

Great Hours n
Wielkie Godziny
A particularly solemn celebration in the Eastern Orthodox Church, occurring thrice a year: on the Eve of the Nativity, the Eve of Theophany, and Great Friday.

Great Lakes pn
Wielkie Jeziora Północnoamerykańskie
A group of five lakes on the United States–Canada border, consisting of Lake Superior, Lake Michigan and Lake Huron (Lake Michigan–Huron), Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.

Great Leap Forward pn
Wielki skok naprzód
(historical) A vast economic and social plan lasting from 1958 to 1961 which aimed to use the Chinese population to rapidly transform the Communist China from a primarily agrarian economy by peasant farmers into a modern communist society through agriculturalization and industrialization, but failed disastrously (resulting in massive famine and the deaths of many millions of people).

Great Patriotic War pn
wielka wojna ojczyźniana
(historical, in Soviet or Russian contexts) the German-Soviet war (a portion of World War II fought between the USSR and Nazi Germany between 1941 and 1945)

Great Purge pn
Wielki terror
(Soviet Union, historical) A campaign of extensive political purge and repression from 1936 to 1938, led by Joseph Stalin and executed by the NKVD to purge his political opponents.

Great Pyramid of Giza pn
Piramida Cheopsa
The largest and most famous of the Egyptian pyramids, and the only remaining member of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

Great Replacement pn
Wielka Wymiana

Great Salt Lake pn
Wielkie Jezioro Słone
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Great Satan pn
Wielki Szatan
(pejorative, mostly used by Muslims, especially in Iran) The United States of America, particularly with regard to its perceived imperialist foreign policy.

Great Schism pn
Wielka schizma wschodnia
(Christianity, historical) The split between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church in 1054.
Wielka schizma zachodnia
(Christianity, historical) A split within the Roman Catholic Church that lasted from 1378 to 1417.

Great Vowel Shift pn
wielka przesuwka samogłoskowa
(phonology) A major change in the pronunciation of the English language, affecting the sounds of long vowels, that took place in England between 1350 and 1700.

Great Wall of China pn
Wielki Mur Chiński
An ancient Chinese fortification, almost 4,000 miles long, originally designed to protect China from the Mongols.

Great War pn
Wielka Wojna
Epithet for World War I.

Greater Armenia pn
Armenia Większa
(historical) Ancient Armenian kingdom in the Armenian Highlands, stretching from Euphrates to Kura river, Caspian Sea and lake Urmia, and existing from 190 B.C.E. to 428 C.E.. Traditionally divided into 15 provinces: Aghdznik, Artsakh, Ayrarat, Corduene, Gugark, Moxoene, Parskahayk, Paytakaran, Sophene, Syunik, Tayk, Turuberan, Upper Armenia, Utik, Vaspurakan.

Greater London pn
Wielki Londyn
TemplateParserError:LuaError combining the City of London, the City of Westminster and 31 other London boroughs. Greater London borders (anticlockwise) Essex, Hertfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Berkshire, Surrey and Kent.

Greater Poland pn
Wielkopolska
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError

Greater Poland Voivodeship pn
województwo wielkopolskie
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Grecism /ˈɡɹiːsɪzəm/ Grecisms n
grecyzm
A word or idiom of the Greek language used in another language, especially for literary effect.

Greece /ɡɹiːs/ pn
Grecja
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Greek /ɡɹiːk/ Greeker Greekest adj
grecki Grek
Of or relating to Greece, its people, its language, or its culture

Greek /ɡɹiːk/ Greeks n
Grek Greczynka
(countable) A person from Greece or of Greek descent.

Greek /ɡɹiːk/ Greeks pn
grecki greka
The language spoken by people of Greece, particularly (depending on context) Ancient Greek or Modern Greek.

Greek Orthodox Church pn
Grecki Kościół Prawosławny
A group of Eastern Orthodox churches comprising the churches of Constantinople, Alexandria, Jerusalem, Cyprus and Greece.

Greek fire n
ogień grecki
(historical) A highly flammable substance of unknown composition first used by the Greeks of Constantinople in the 7th century C.E. to set fire to enemy ships, buildings etc.

Greek salad Greek salads n
sałatka grecka
A salad, popular in Greece, normally consisting of tomatoes, olives and feta cheese among other ingredients.

Greenland /ˈɡɹiːn.lænd/ /ˈɡɹiːn.lənd/ pn
Grenlandia
(obsolete) Spitzbergen, another island in Europe formerly thought to have been part of Greenland.

Greenlander Greenlanders n
Grenlandczyk Grenlandka
A person from Greenland or of Greenlandic descent.

Greenlandic adj
grenlandzki
Of, from, or pertaining to Greenland, the Greenlandic people or the Greenlandic language.

Greenlandic pn
grenlandzki
The official language of Greenland, an Eskimo-Aleut language written with the Latin alphabet.

Gregorian /ɡɹɪɡɔːɹi.ən/ adj
gregoriański
Of or relating to a person named Gregory, especially any of the popes of that name.

Gregorian calendar pn
kalendarz gregoriański
The calendar currently used in the western world. It replaced the Julian calendar and was devised to halt the slow drift of the vernal equinox towards earlier in the year.

Gregorian chant Gregorian chants n
chorał gregoriański śpiew gregoriański
(music) A style of unaccompanied monophonic singing in the Catholic Church.

Gregory /ˈɡɹɛɡəɹi/ Gregorys pn
Grzegorz
A en given name.

Grenada /ɡɹəˈneɪdə/ pn
Grenada
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Gretel pn
Gosia Małgosia
A en given name, diminutive of Margarete.
Małgosia
A fictional character in the German fairy tale Hansel and Gretel.

Gretzky Gretzkies Gretzkys pn
Grecki
A surname from Belarusian.

Grigory pn
Grzegorz
A Russian en given name

Grim Reaper /ˈɡɹɪm ˈɹi.pɚ/ /ˈɡɹɪm ˈɹiː.pə/ Grim Reapers pn
Ponury Żniwiarz kostucha śmiertka
A personification of Death as an old man, or a skeleton, carrying a scythe, taking souls to the afterlife.

Grisons pn
Gryzonia
TemplateParserError:LuaError (the French name)

Grodno pn
Grodno
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Groningen pn
Groningen
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Gronkow pn
Gronków

Groundhog Day pn
Dzień Świstaka
An annual festival held in Canada and the USA on February 2 in which the arrival time of the spring season is predicted by whether or not a certain groundhog can see its shadow.

Grozny pn
Grozny
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Grudziądz pn
Grudziądz
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Grus pn
Żuraw
(constellation) A spring constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a crane. It contains the star Alnair and lies south of the constellation Piscis Austrinus.

Gryffindor Gryffindors n
Gryffindor Gryfon
(sometimes used attributively) A person having traits associated with Gryffindor house from the Harry Potter series, including bravery, boldness, or an affinity for lions or the colours red and gold.

Guadalcanal /ˌɡwɑː.dəl.kəˈnɑːl/ pn
Guadalcanal
A volcanic island in the Pacific, part of the Solomon Islands.

Guadalquivir /ˌɡwɑdəlkiˈvɪɹ/ /ˌɡwɑdəlˈkwɪvɚ/ /ˌɡwɑːdəlkɪˈvɪə/ pn
Gwadalkiwir
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Guadalupian pn
gwadalup
(geology) The Guadalupian epoch.

Guadeloupe /ɡwɑdə.ˈlʊp/ /ɡwɑːdə.ˈluːp/ /ˌɡwɑːdə.ˈluːp/ pn
Gwadelupa
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Guadiana /ɡwɑdˈjɑnə/ /ˌɡwɑdiˈɑnə/ /ˌɡwɑːdɪˈɑːnə/ Guadianas pn
Gwadiana
A surname from Spanish.

Guam /ɡwæm/ /ɡwɑm/ /ɡwɑːm/ /ɡwɒm/ pn
Guam
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Guangzhou /ɡwæŋˈdʒəʊ/ /ˈɡwɑŋˈd͡ʒoʊ/ pn
Kanton
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Guatemala /ˌɡwɑː.təˈmɑː.lə/ pn
Gwatemala
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Guatemala City pn
Gwatemala
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Guatemalan adj
gwatemalski
Of, from, or pertaining to Guatemala or the Guatemalan people.

Guelph /ɡwɛlf/ Guelphs n
gwelf
(historical, politics) In the politics of medieval Italian city states, any member of a faction that supported the Pope in a long struggle against the Ghibellines and the Holy Roman Emperor.

Guernsey /ˈɡɜːnzi/ /ˈɡɝnzi/ pn
Guernsey
TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Guianan slaty antshrike Guianan slaty antshrikes n
chronka plamista
A passerine bird of the antbird family, Thamnophilus punctatus, (syn. Lanius punctatus).

Guidonian adj
gwidoński
Of or relating to Guido of Arezzo (c. 991 – after 1033), Italian music theorist and pedagogue of the medieval era, regarded as the inventor of modern musical staff notation.

Guillain-Barré syndrome /-bɑɹˈeɪ-/ /ɡiːˈæn bəˈɹeɪ ˈsɪndɹoʊm/ /ɡiːˈɑːn-/ /ˈɡiːlæn ˈbɑɹeɪ ˈsɪndɹəʊm/ n
zespół Guillaina-Barrégo
(neurology, disease) Rapid-onset muscle weakness, often severe and sometimes fatal, resulting from impaired peripheral nervous system function, associated with various viral and other infections.

Guinea /ˈɡɪniː/ pn
Gwinea
(derogatory, _, US, _, slang, ethnic slur) Someone of Italian descent in the United States.

Guinea-Bissau pn
Gwinea Bissau
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Guinean adj
gwinejski
From Guinea.

Guinevere /ˈɡwɪ.nə.vɪə/ /ˈɡwɪ.nə.vɪɹ/ pn
Ginewra
A en given name.
(Arthurian mythology) In Arthurian legend, the wife of King Arthur.

Guizhou /(ˈ)ɡweɪˈd͡ʒoʊ/ pn
Kuejczou
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Gujarat /ɡʊ.dʒə.ˈɾaːt̪/ /ˌɡʊd͡ʒəˈɹɑːt/ pn
Gudźarat Gudżarat
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Gujarati /ˌɡuːd͡ʒəˈrɑːti/ /ˌɡʊd͡ʒəˈrɑːti/ adj
gudźaracki gudżaracki
Of, from, or pertaining to Gujarat, or the Gujarati people.

Gujarati /ˌɡuːd͡ʒəˈrɑːti/ /ˌɡʊd͡ʒəˈrɑːti/ Gujaratis n
Gudźar Gudźarka Gudżar Gudżarka
A person from Gujarat.

Gujarati /ˌɡuːd͡ʒəˈrɑːti/ /ˌɡʊd͡ʒəˈrɑːti/ pn
gudżarati gudźarati
The Indic language spoken in the state of Gujarat, India

Gulf Stream pn
Golfsztrom Prąd Zatokowy Golfstrom
The warm ocean current issuing from the Gulf of Mexico, flowing northeastwards along the coast of North America to the Grand Banks where it breaks eastwards across the Atlantic Ocean and helps to maintain warm temperatures along the western coasts of the British Isles.

Gulf of Aden pn
Zatoka Adeńska
A gulf between Yemen and Somalia, connected to the Somali Sea through the Guardafui Channel.

Gulf of Alaska pn
Zatoka Alaska
An arm of the Pacific Ocean defined by the curve of the southern coast of Alaska, stretching from the Alaska Peninsula and Kodiak Island in the west to the Alexander Archipelago in the east

Gulf of Bothnia /ˌɡʌlf əv ˈbɒθniə/ pn
Zatoka Botnicka
The northernmost arm of the Baltic Sea, separating the countries of Sweden and Finland.

Gulf of California pn
Zatoka Kalifornijska
a body of water that separates the Baja California Peninsula from the Mexican mainland

Gulf of Finland pn
Zatoka Fińska
An arm of the Baltic Sea that separates the European countries of Estonia and Finland. On its eastern end, the Neva at the Russian city of St. Petersburg empties into it.

Gulf of Guinea pn
Zatoka Gwinejska
Part of the Atlantic Ocean southwest of Africa.

Gulf of Mexico pn
Zatoka Meksykańska
A gulf to the south of the USA and to the east and north of Mexico.

Gulf of Naples pn
Zatoka Neapolitańska
TemplateParserError:LuaError, located along the coast of Campania in Italy.

Gulf of Riga pn
Zatoka Ryska
The inland body of water that is part of the Baltic Sea in eastern Europe and is near Latvia and Estonia.

Gulf of Thailand pn
Zatoka Tajlandzka
An inland body of water in the Pacific Ocean that is southeast of Southeast Asia below the countries of Myanmar, Thailand, and Cambodia, and is close to the Malay Peninsula of Malaysia.

Gummy Bears pn
gumiś
A kind of gummy candy, a type of confectionery made from gelatine, in the miniature form of a toy bear.

Gunpowder Plot pn
spisek prochowy
(British) A failed plot, in November 1605, to kill the Protestant king James I of England and VI of Scotland, and to blow up the House of Lords using gunpowder, annually commemorated on Guy Fawkes Day.

Gustav Gustavs pn
Gustaw
A en given name.

Gustavian more Gustavian most Gustavian adj
gustawiański

Guy /ɡaɪ/ Guys pn
Gwido Wit
A en given name.

Guy Fawkes Day pn
Noc Guya Fawkesa
(UK) November 5, a holiday in England since the 17th century commemorating the failure of the 1605 Gunpowder Plot.

Guy Fawkes Night pn
Noc Guya Fawkesa
(British) The revelry on Guy Fawkes Day (the 5th of November) in commemoration of the failure of the Gunpowder Plot of 1605, traditionally including the burning of effigies of the pope, Guy Fawkes, and/or the Devil.

Guyana /ɡaɪˈæn.ə/ /ɡaɪˈɑː.nə/ pn
Gujana
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Guyanese /ˌɡaɪəˈniːz/ adj
gujański
Of, from, or pertaining to Guyana, the Guyanese people or the Guyanese language.

Guyanese /ˌɡaɪəˈniːz/ Guyanese n
Gujanka Gujańczyk
A person from Guyana or of Guyanese descent.

Guzhangian pn
Paib

Gypsy /ˈd͡ʒɪp.si/ Gypsies n
Cygan Cyganka
(sometimes, offensive) A member of the Romani people, or one of the sub-groups (Roma, Sinti, Romanichal, etc).
A member of other nomadic peoples, not only of the Romani people; a traveller.

Gzhelian /ˈʒɛli.ən/ pn
gżel

Görlitz pn
Zgorzelec Görlitz
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Göttingen pn
Getynga

Gülenist /ˈɡjulənɪst/ Gülenists n
gulenista
(Turkey, politics) A supporter of the social movement led by Turkish Islamic scholar and preacher Fethullah Gülen.

HIV /ˌeɪt͡ʃ.aɪˈviː/ n
HIV
(virology) Initialism of human immunodeficiency virus. [from 1986]

HIV negative adj
chory na HIV
Not infected by HIV.

HIV positive adj
nie chory na HIV
Infected by HIV.

HTML pn
HTML
Initialism of Hypertext Markup Language.

HTTP cookie HTTP cookies n
ciasteczko cookie
(Internet) A packet of information sent by a server to a World Wide Web browser and then returned by the browser each time it accesses that server, used to maintain state between otherwise stateless HTTP transactions, for example, to identify the user.

Haapsalu pn
Haapsalu
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Habakkuk /həˈbæk.ək/ /ˈhæb.ə.kək/ pn
Księga Habakuka Habakuk
A prophetic book in the Old Testament of the Bible, one of the minor prophets; or the eighth part of the Tere Asar in the Jewish Tanakh.
Habakuk Księga Habakuka
(rare) A en given name of biblical origin.

Hades /ˈhadiːz/ /ˈheɪdiːz/ pn
Hades
(Greek god) The god of the underworld and ruler of the dead, son of Cronus and Rhea, brother of Zeus and Poseidon.
(Greek mythology) The underworld, the domain of Hades, by transference from its god.

Hadiach pn
Hadziacz
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Hadrian /ˈheɪ.dɹiː.(j)ən/ pn
Hadrian
(historical) The Roman emperor Publius Aelius Traianus Hadrianus.

Hagar /ˈheɪɡɑː/ /ˈheɪɡɑːɹ/ Hagars pn
Hagar
The Egyptian concubine of Abraham, mother of Ishmael. (biblical character)

Haggai /ˈhæɡaɪ/ pn
Księga Aggeusza
A book of the Old Testament of the Bible and the Tanakh.

Hagia Sophia /ˈhɑːɡiə soʊˈfiə/ pn
Hagia Sofia
a former patriarchal basilica of Byzantium, now a mosque and museum in Istanbul, Turkey.

Haifa pn
Hajfa
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Hail Mary Hail Maries Hail Marys n
zdrowaśka Zdrowaś Mario
(Christianity) A prayer calling for the intercession of the Virgin Mary.

Hail Mary pass Hail Mary passes n
stawiać wszystko na jedną kartę
(by extension) An act done in desperation, with only a very small chance of success.

Hainaut pn
Hainaut
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Haisyn pn
Hajsyn
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Haiti /ˈheɪ.ti/ pn
Haiti
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
(obsolete) .

Haitian /ˈheɪ.ʃən/ adj
haitański
Of, from, or pertaining to Haiti, its inhabitants, or their language.

Haitian /ˈheɪ.ʃən/ Haitians n
Haitanka Haitańczyk
A person from Haiti or of Haitian descent.

Haivoron pn
Hajworon
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Halloween /ˌha.ləʊˈiːn/ /ˌha.ləˈwiːn/ /ˌhæ.loʊˈiːn/ /ˌhæ.ləˈwiːn/ /ˌhɑ.ləˈwiːn/ Halloweens pn
Halloween
The eve of All Hallows' Day; October 31st; celebrated (mostly in English-speaking countries) by children going door-to-door in costume and soliciting candy with menaces.

Halych pn
Halicz
A historic city on the Dniester river in western Ukraine.

Ham /hæm/ pn
Cham
(biblical) A son of Noah and the brother of Japheth and Shem.

Hamas /həˈmæs/ /həˈmɑs/ pn
Hamas
A militant Palestinianist and Sunni Muslim movement that presses for an independent, Palestinian Islamic state and the Palestinian right of return.

Hamburg /ˈhæmbɜːɡ/ /ˈhæmbɝɡ/ pn
Hamburg hamburski
Hamburger SV, a German football club.

Hamburger /ˈhæmbɜːɡə/ /ˈhæmbɝɡɚ/ Hamburgers n
hamburczyk
A person from Hamburg.

Hamiltonian cycle Hamiltonian cycles n
Hamiltonian
(graph theory) A Hamiltonian path with an additional connection between the first and last vertices visited, forming a cycle.

Hamiltonian graph n
graf hamiltonowski
(graph theory) A graph for which there is a Hamiltonian cycle.

Hamiltonian path Hamiltonian paths n
ścieżka hamiltonowska
(graph theory) A path through a graph which visits each vertex exactly once.

Hamlet /ˈhæm.lət/ /ˈhæm.lɪt/ pn
Hamlet
The eponymous main character of William Shakespeare's play, whose father's ghost, murdered by Hamlet's uncle, exhorts him to seek revenge.

Hampshire /ˈhæmpʃə(ɹ)/ /ˈhæmpʃɪə(ɹ)/ Hampshires pn
Hampshire
TemplateParserError:LuaError bordered by Berkshire, Surrey, West Sussex, Dorset, Wiltshire, the English Channel and the Solent separating it from the Isle of Wight; the county town is Winchester.

Han /hæn/ /hɑn/ pn
Han dynastia Han
An imperial Chinese dynasty, ruling (with interruptions) from 206 BC to AD 220, marked by the expansion of the Yellow River's Huaxia culture to the recent conquests of the Qin and a flowering of economic, literary, and scientific development
Chińczycy Han Han Hanowie
The Chinese ethnicity, when distinguished from other peoples of the Chinese state

Hanakian adj
hanacki
Of, or pertaining to, Haná or its people or culture.

Hanakian Hanakians n
Hanaczka Hanak
A person from Haná.

Hand of Fatima n
ręka Fatimy
An apotropaic symbol, in both Jewish and Islamic cultures, serving as a talisman against the "evil eye".

Hangeul /ˈhɑnˌɡul/ n
hangyl hangul hangeul
The phonetic alphabet used to write the Korean language.

Hannah /ˈhænə/ Hannahs pn
Hanna
TemplateParserError:LuaError, which could be from the given name or surname:

Hanoi /hæˈnɔɪ/ /hɑːˈnɔɪ/ pn
Hanoi
(metonym) the Vietnamese government.

Hanover /ˈhænəvə/ /ˈhænˌoʊvɚ/ pn
Hanower
(historical) The former Kingdom of Hanover, now part of Lower Saxony, Germany.

Hansard /ˈhænsɑːd/ /ˈhænsəd/ /ˈhænsɚd/ Hansards n
Hansard
(chiefly, Britain, Commonwealth) The official report of debates and other proceedings in the British and some Commonwealth parliaments.

Hanse /hæns/ /hænzə/ Hanses n
hanza
(historical) A merchant guild, particularly the Fellowship of London Merchants (the "Old Hanse") given a monopoly on London's foreign trade by the Normans or its successor, the Company of Merchant Adventurers (the "New Hanse"), incorporated in 1497 and chartered under Henry VII and Elizabeth I.

Hanseatic adj
hanzeatycki
Of or pertaining to the German Hanse.

Hanseatic League pn
Hanza Liga Hanzeatycka
(historical) The commercial and military alliance of Low German merchant guilds and privileged market towns which dominated trade along the coasts of northern Europe from the mid-12th to mid-17th centuries.

Hansel pn
Jaś
A fictional character in the German fairy tale Hansel and Gretel.

Hansel and Gretel pn
Jaś i Małgosia
A German fairy tale, recorded by the Brothers Grimm and published in 1812, about the siblings named Hansel and Gretel who are threatened by a cannibalistic witch who lives in a house made of cake and bread.

Hantsavichy pn
Hancewicze

Hanukkah /ˈhæn.ə.kə/ /ˈhɑː.nə.kə/ /ˈhʌ.nʊ.kə/ /ˈxɑː.nə.kə/ Hanukkahs pn
Chanuka Święto Świateł Święto Świec
(Judaism) An eight-day Jewish festival, starting on the 25th day of Kislev, which commemorates the rededication of the temple in Jerusalem after the victory of the Maccabees over the Greek Syrians.

Happy Ramadan phraseologicalUnit
szczęśliwego Ramadnu
An expression used during Ramadan to wish someone a happy time.

Harare pn
Harare
TemplateParserError:LuaError, previously named Salisbury.

Haratin Haratin Haratins n
Haratyni
A member of a group of dark-skinned African people in Maghreb and Western part of Sahara (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya), who often form a distinct social class.

Hari pn
Hari
(Hinduism) A name given commonly to Vishnu, but also to Indra and Yama.

Hartley County pn
Hrabstwo Hartley
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Hartley oscillator Hartley oscillators n
Generator Hartleya

Harvey process pn
proces Harveya

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan pn
Jordańskie Królestwo Haszymidzkie
The official name of Jordan.

Hasid Hasidim Hasids n
chasyd
A follower of Hasidism.

Hasidic adj
chasydzki
Of or pertaining to Hassidic Judaism.

Hasidism pn
chasydyzm
(Judaism) a Jewish movement founded in Poland in the 18th century by Baal-Shem-Tov

Haskell /ˈhæskəl/ pn
Haskell
(programming language) A general-purpose purely functional programming language with support for recursive functions and pattern matching.

Hasmonean /hæzməˈniːən/ /æzməˈniːən/ adj
hasmonejski
(historical) Of or relating to the patriotic Jewish family to which the Maccabees belonged; Maccabean.

Hasmonean /hæzməˈniːən/ /æzməˈniːən/ Hasmoneans n
Hasmoneusz
(historical) A member of the patriotic Jewish family to which the Maccabees belonged.

Hausa /ˈhaʊsə/ n
Hausa
A people living in Nigeria and part of Niger.

Hausa /ˈhaʊsə/ pn
hausa Hausa
The Chadic language spoken by these people.

Hausdorff space Hausdorff spaces n
przestrzeń Hausdorffa

Havana /həˈvænə/ pn
Hawana
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Havanan more Havanan most Havanan adj
hawański
Of or relating to Havana in Cuba.

Havel pn
Hawela
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Havířov pn
Hawierzów
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Hawaii /həˈvaɪʔi/ /həˈvɑːʔi/ /həˈwaɪ(j)i/ /həˈwaɪ.i/ /həˈwɑ(j)i/ /həˈwɔ(j)i/ [hʊ̈ˈwaɪ̯(j)i] [hʊ̈ˈwɑ(j)i] [hʊ̈ˈwɔ(j)i] pn
Hawaje
(specifically) TemplateParserError:LuaError. The largest of the Hawaiian Islands.

Hawaiian /hə.ˈwaɪ.jən/ /hə.ˈwaɪ.ən/ more Hawaiian most Hawaiian adj
hawajski
(of a person) Descended from the peoples inhabiting the Hawaiian Islands prior to European contact.
Of or having to do with the Hawaiian race, culture, or language.
Of or having to do with the culture of the US state of Hawaii.
Of or having to do with a resident of the US state of Hawaii.

Hawaiian /hə.ˈwaɪ.jən/ /hə.ˈwaɪ.ən/ Hawaiians n
Hawajczyk Hawajka
(countable) A descendant of the peoples inhabiting the Hawaiian Islands prior to European contact.
(countable) A native or resident of the state of Hawaii in the United States of America.

Hawaiian /hə.ˈwaɪ.jən/ /hə.ˈwaɪ.ən/ pn
hawajski język hawajski
The Hawaiian language.

Hazara more Hazara most Hazara adj
Hazar Hazarka
Of or relating to the Hazaras, an ethnic group from central Afghanistan.

Headless Horseman pn
Jeździec bez głowy
A mythical figure who has appeared in folklore around the world since the Middle Ages, who is traditionally depicted as a man upon horseback who is missing his head.

Hebe /ˈhiːbi/ pn
Hebe
(Greek god) The goddess of youth, and a daughter of Zeus and Hera. Her Roman counterpart is Juventas.

Hebraist Hebraists n
hebraista hebraistka
A scholar who specializes in the study of the Hebrew language.

Hebraization Hebraizations n
hebraizacja

Hebrew /ˈhiːbɹuː/ adj
hebrajski
Of or pertaining to the Hebrew people or language.

Hebrew /ˈhiːbɹuː/ Hebrews n
Hebrajczyk Hebrajka
(countable) A member or descendant of a Semitic people claiming descent from Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.
(countable) A descendant of the biblical Patriarch Eber.
(uncountable, colloquial) Unintelligible speech or writing.
hebrajski Hebrajczyk Hebrajka
(uncountable) The Semitic language spoken by the Hebrew people.
(uncountable) The writing system used in Hebrew language.

Hebrews pn
List do Hebrajczyków
(biblical) The nineteenth book of the New Testament of the Bible, the epistle to the Hebrews.

Hecate /ˈhɛkəti/ /ˈhɛkɪt/ pn
Hekate Hekata
The powerful goddess, in Greek mythology, of magic, crossroads, fire, light, the moon, and the underworld. Her Roman counterpart is Trivia.

Hector /ˈhɛktə/ /ˈhɛktɚ/ pn
Hektor
(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) A Trojan hero in Homer's Iliad.
A en given name

Hedwig pn
Jadwiga
A en given name

Hegel /ˈheɪɡəl/ pn
Hegel
A surname from German, notably borne by the German philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel.

Hegelian /heɪˈɡeɪlɪən/ /heɪˈɡiːlɪən/ /həˈɡeɪli.ən/ /hɪˈɡiːlɪən/ more Hegelian most Hegelian adj
heglistowski heglowski
(philosophy) Of or pertaining to the philosophical system of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831).

Hegelian /heɪˈɡeɪlɪən/ /heɪˈɡiːlɪən/ /həˈɡeɪli.ən/ /hɪˈɡiːlɪən/ Hegelians n
heglista heglistka
A follower of Hegel's philosophy.

Hegelianism Hegelianisms n
heglizm
The system of logic and philosophy set forth by G. W. F. Hegel, which can be summed up by the dictum that "the rational alone is real", i.e. all reality is capable of being expressed in rational categories.

Heidelberg /ˈhaɪdəlbɜːɡ/ pn
Heidelberg
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Hejaz /hɪˈdʒɑːz/ pn
Hidżaz
The mountainous area of northwest Saudi Arabia which gave rise to early Islam and which contains the sites of many holy places.
An independent kingdom in the area between 1924 and 1932, when it merged with Najd to form the present Saudi Arabia.

Helen /ˈhɛlən/ Helens pn
Helena
(Greek mythology) the daughter of Zeus and Leda, considered to be the most beautiful woman in the world; her abduction by Paris brought about the Trojan War.
A en given name.

Helenus pn
Helenos
(Greek mythology) the son of King Priam and Queen Hecuba of Troy, the twin brother of the prophetess Cassandra.

Helios /ˈhiːliɒs/ pn
Helios
(Greek god) The god of the Sun; son of Hyperion and Theia, brother of Selene and Eos, father of Phaeton amongst others. His Roman counterpart is Sol.

Hellene Hellenes n
Hellen
A Greek, especially an Ancient Greek.

Hellenic /həˈlɛnɪk/ more Hellenic most Hellenic adj
helleński
Of or relating to the ancient Greek culture and civilization before the Hellenistic period.

Hellenic Republic pn
Republika Grecka
The official English name of Greece.

Hellenist /ˈhɛl.ə.nɪst/ /ˈhɛl.ɪ.nɪst/ Hellenists n
hellenista hellenistka
A specialist in the study of Greek language, literature, culture, or history, or an admirer of the Greek culture and civilization.

Helsinki /hɛlˈsɪŋ.ki/ pn
Helsinki
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Helsinkian adj
helsiński
Of, from, or pertaining to Helsinki

Helsinkian Helsinkians n
helsinka helsińczyk
Someone from Helsinki.

Helvetia /hɛlˈviːʃi.ə/ /hɛlˈviːʃə/ pn
Helwecja
A region inhabited by the Helvetii in central Europe
(poetic) Switzerland; the national personification of Switzerland

Helvetian adj
helwecki
From the ancient country of Helvetia

Helvetian Helvetians n
Helweta Helwetka
Someone from the ancient country of Helvetia

Hemera /ˈhɛməɹə/ pn
Hemera
(Greek god) The personification and elemental goddess of the day. Her husband is Aether.

Henichesk pn
Geniczesk
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Henrietta /hɛnˈɹiː.ɛt.ə/ Henriettas pn
Henryka
A en given name.
TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError:
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Henry /ˈhɛn.ɹi/ pn
Henryk
A en given name, popular in England since Middle Ages; the name of eight kings.

Hephaestus /hɪˈfiːstəs/ /hɪˈfɛstəs, -eɪstəs/ pn
Hefajstos
(Greek god) The god of fire, smithwork, metallurgy, volcanoes, and artisans, who served as blacksmith of the gods. His Roman counterpart is Vulcan.

Her Majesty pronoun
Jej Królewska Mość
(formal) A title of respect used when referring to a queen.

Hera /ˈhɪəɹə/ /ˈhɪɹə/ /ˈhɪːɹə/ pn
Hera
(Greek god) The queen of the gods, and goddess of marriage and birth; daughter of Cronus and Rhea, sister and wife of Zeus, mother of Hephaestus, Ares, Hebe, and Enyo.

Heracles /ˈhɛɹəkliːz/ pn
Herakles
(Greek mythology) : Son of Zeus and Alcmene, a celebrated hero who possessed exceptional strength. Most famous for his 12 labours performed to redeem himself after killing his family.

Heraclitus /he(ɪ).ɹɑ(ː)ˈkli(ː).tus/ /hɛɹ.əˈkli(ː).təs/ /ˌhɛɹ.əˈklaɪ.təs/ pn
Heraklit
An Ancient Greek en given name, notably borne by Heraclitus of Ephesus, a pre-Socratic Ionian philosopher

Herat pn
Herat
TemplateParserError:LuaError, dating back to Avestan times.

Herbert /ˈhɜːbət/ /ˈhɝbɚt/ pn
Herbert
A en given name. In modern use partly transferred back from the surname.

Herculean /hɜːɹˈkjuːliən/ /ˌhɜːɹkjəˈliːən/ more Herculean most Herculean adj
benedyktyński
Requiring a huge amount of work; of extraordinary difficulty.

Hercules /ˈhɜːkjəliːz/ /ˈhɜːkjʊliːz/ /ˈhɝːkjəliːz/ /ˈhɝːkjʊliːz/ Hercules Hercules's Herculeses Herculesses pn
Herkules
(Roman mythology) The Roman name for the Greek divine hero Heracles, who was the son of Jupiter and Alcmene, a celebrated hero who possessed exceptional strength. Most famous for his 12 labours performed to redeem himself after killing his family.
(constellation) A summer constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble the mythical hero. It lies between the constellations Lyra and Corona Borealis.

Hermaphroditus /hɚˌmæf.ɹəˈdaɪ.təs/ pn
Hermafrodyta
(Greek god) The son of Hermes and Aphrodite who merged bodies with a naiad.

Hermes /ˈhɝmiːz/ pn
Hermes
(Greek god) The herald and messenger of the gods, and the god of roads, commerce, invention, cunning, and theft.

Hermitian /hɜː(ɹ)ˈmɪʃən/ adj
hermitowski
(mathematics, of an operator) Equal to its own transpose conjugate.

Hermitian matrix /hɝ.ˈmɪ.ʃən ˈmeɪ.tɹɪks/ Hermitian matrices Hermitian matrixes n
macierz hermitowska
(linear algebra) A square matrix A with complex entries that is equal to its own conjugate transpose, i.e., such that A = A^\dagger.

Herod /ˈhɛɹəd/ pn
Herod
The name of any of a number of members of the Herodian dynasty who ruled in the Roman province of Judea, most notably Herod the Great, who ordered the Massacre of the Innocents, or Herod Antipas, his son, who met Jesus during his Passion.

Herodotus /həˈɹɑːdətəs/ /həˈɹɒdətəs/ pn
Herodot
An ancient historian who lived from 484 to 425 BC.

Herostratus pn
Herostrates
an Ancient Greek arsonist who destroyed the Temple of Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, in order to become famous

Hertsa pn
Herca
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Hertzsprung-Russell diagram Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams n
diagram Hertzsprunga-Russella
(astronomy) A graphic representation of the absolute magnitude of stars against their color (or surface temperature), which shows the main sequence of stars plus the white dwarfs and red giants.

Herzeg-Bosnia pn
Herceg-Bośnia
A short-lived, unrecognised political entity that existed during the Bosnian war, consisting of the Croat communities of Bosnia.

Herzeg-Bosnian more Herzeg-Bosnian most Herzeg-Bosnian adj
hercegbośniacki
Of or pertaining to Herzeg-Bosnia, the Herzeg-Bosnian people or their culture.

Herzegovina /ˌhɜɹtsəɡoʊˈviːnə/ /ˌhɜːtsəˈɡɒvɪnə/ pn
Hercegowina
Southern wedge of the country of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Represents a geographic and historic entity, not an administrative unit.

Herzegovinian adj
hercegowiński
Of, from, or pertaining to Herzegovina and its inhabitants

Herzegovinian Herzegovinians n
Hercegowinka Hercegowińczyk
A person from Herzegovina (southern region of Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Hesiod /ˈhiː.si.əd/ /ˈhɛs.i.əd/ pn
Hezjod
Ancient Greek poet and rhapsodist of the 8th century BCE, known as the first author of didactic verse

Hesse Hesses pn
Hesja
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Hessian /ˈhɛsɪən/ /ˈhɛsɪɛn/ /ˈhɛʃən/ more Hessian most Hessian adj
heski
Of, from or relating to Hesse in Germany.
Of or relating to the German mathematician Otto Hesse (1811–1874).

Hestia /ˈhɛsti.ə/ pn
Hestia
(Greek god) The virgin goddess of the hearth, and the household, and therefore of domestic life.

Hettangian pn
hettang
The corresponding lowest stage of the Jurassic system, marked by the lowest strata in which the neoammonite genus Psiloceras appears.

Hezbollah /-bɒ-/ /ˈhɛz.bə.lə/ /ˌhɛz.bəˈlɑ/ /ˌhɛzˈboʊ.lɑ/ pn
Hezbollah
A political and military Shi'a Islamic organization that arose after the 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon.

Hierocles /ˈhaɪəɹəkliːz/ pn
Hierokles
A en given name

Hieronymus Hieronymuses pn
Hieronim
A surname transferred from the given name.

Higgs boson Higgs bosons n
bozon Higgs'a
(particle) An elementary particle in the Standard Model, namely a boson with zero spin, that gives mass to other particles.

Highness Highnesses n
wysokość
The style of a prince, princess or someone of equivalent rank.

Highway Code pn
kodeks drogowy
The official road safety manual for the United Kingdom, covering pedestrians, animals, cyclists, motorcyclists and drivers.

Hiiumaa pn
Hiuma
The second-largest island of Estonia.

Hijra /ˈhɪd͡ʒɹə/ n
hidżra hedżra
The flight of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Yathrib (later Medina) in 622 ce, which forms the first year of the Islamic era (ah 1).

Hilary /ˈhɪləɹi/ pn
Hilaria Hilary
A en given name.
A en given name.

Hilbert cube Hilbert cubes n
kostka Hilberta
(topology) A metrizable topological space which is the product of a countably infinite number of closed intervals.

Hilda /ˈhɪldə/ pn
Hilda
A en given name used since Middle Ages.

Hillary /ˈhɪ.lə.ɹi/ Hillarys pn
Hilaria
A en given name
A en given name.

Himalayan adj
himalajski
Of or relating to the Himalayas.

Himalayan black-lored tit Himalayan black-lored tits n
sýkora chocholatá
Machlolophus xanthogenys, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

Himalayas /hɪˈmɑl.ə.jəz/ /ɦɪ.ˈmaː.lə.jəz/ /ˌhɪm.əˈleɪ.əz/ pn
Himalaje
The mountain range in south-central Asia which extends about 2,414 km (1,500 mi) through Kashmir, northern India, southern Tibet, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan and Assam; it contains nine of the world’s ten highest peaks, including Mount Everest/Qomolongma.

Hindi /ˈhɪndi/ pn
hindi Hindi
The Central Zone of Indo-Aryan languages. These are also spoken in Fiji, Guyana and as a second language by Indians in many other countries.

Hindu /ˈhɪnduː/ adj
hinduistyczny hinduski
Of, or relating to Hinduism, or to Hindus and their culture.

Hindu /ˈhɪnduː/ Hindus n
hinduista hinduistka hindus hinduska
A person adhering to the Hindu religion (Hinduism).

Hindu Kush pn
Hindukusz
A mountain range in Afghanistan and Pakistan.

Hinduism /ˈhɪnduɪzəm/ Hinduisms pn
hinduizm
A religion, philosophy and culture native to India, characterized by the belief in reincarnation and a supreme oneness personified in many forms and natures.

Hindustan pn
Hindustan
(colloquial) The entire country of India.
(dated) The entire region of the Indian subcontinent.
(obsolete) The northern (properly north central) region of India.

Hindustani pn
hindustani
The Delhi dialect of that language.

Hippocrates /hɪˈpɒkɹəˌtiːz/ pn
Hipokrates
An Ancient Greek en given name, notably borne by Hippocrates of Cos, an Ancient Greek physician, circa 5th century BC, sometimes called the "father of medicine."

Hippocratic oath Hippocratic oaths n
przysięga Hipokratesa
(medicine) An oath sworn by newly-qualified physicians that they will observe the medical ethics that derived from Hippocrates.

Hirnantian pn
Hirnant

Hirnyk pn
Hirnyk
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Hiroshima /hɪ(ə)ɹəˈʃiːmə/ /hɪ(ə)ˈɹɒʃɪmə/ /hɪɹoʊˈʃiːmə/ /hɪˈɹoʊʃɪmə/ pn
Hiroshima Hirosima Hiroszima
TemplateParserError:LuaError. It was the target of the first atomic bomb dropped in warfare on August 6, 1945.
The 1945 atomic bombing of the city.

Hirske pn
Hirśke
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

His Eminence n
eminencja
(Roman Catholicism) An honorific style for a cardinal
(Eastern Orthodoxy) An honorific style for an archbishop

His Holiness Their Holinesses n
jego świątobliwość
An honorific or title used to refer to a high-ranking religious leader.

His Majesty pronoun
Jego Królewska Mość
(formal) A title of respect used when referring to a king.

Hispanic America pn
Hispanoameryka
The region comprising the countries in the Americas inhabited by Spanish-speaking people

Hispaniolan crossbill Hispaniolan crossbills n
krzyżodziób karaibski
Loxia megaplaga, a crossbill that is endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti and Dominican Republic), and the only one of its genus in the Caribbean.

Hispanophone adj
hiszpańskojęzyczny
Spanish-speaking

Hitler /ˈhɪtlɚ/ pn
Hitler
Ellipsis of w:Adolf Hitler; Führer of the Nazi Party and chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945; particularly as the embodiment of Nazism.

Hitler's buzzsaw Hitler's buzzsaws n
karabin maszynowy MG 42
(military, World War II, slang) The MG 42 machine gun.

Hitlerian more Hitlerian most Hitlerian adj
hitlerowski
Of, relating to, or resembling Hitler (the German chancellor) or his actions.

Hitlerism n
hitleryzm
The political philosophy and practices of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party.

Hitlerite Hitlerites n
hitlerowiec hitlerówka
A supporter of Adolf Hitler's regime.

Hittite /ˈhɪ.taɪt/ adj
hetycki
Of or relating to the Hittite people.
Of or relating to the Hittite language.
Of or relating to the Hittite Kingdom, located in central Anatolia (modern Turkey), that flourished from about 1800 to 1400 B.C.E..

Hittite /ˈhɪ.taɪt/ Hittites n
Chetyta Chittyta Hetyta
A person of the Hittite Kingdom, a Bronze Age kingdom of Anatolia.

Hittite /ˈhɪ.taɪt/ pn
hetycki
An ancient Indo-European language of the Anatolian branch, attested from the 16th century BC until the 13th century BC.

Hittitologist Hittitologists n
hetytolog
(anthropology, linguistics) an archaeologist, historian, linguist, or art historian who specializes in the study of the Ancient Hittites and their Near Eastern Empire which was based in Hattusa in modern day Anatolia.

Hittitology n
hetytologia
The study of Hittites and their language and culture.

Hlobyne pn
Hłobyne
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Hlukhiv pn
Głuchów
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Hlyniany pn
Gliniany
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Hmong /h(ə)ˈmɑŋ/ /h(ə)ˈmɒŋ/ /h(ə)ˈmɔŋ/ /ˈmɑŋ/ /ˈmɒŋ/ /ˈmɔŋ/ /ˈmʌŋ/ n
Hmong Miao
A people who live predominantly in the mountainous regions of China, Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand, and (in diaspora) around the world.

Hnivan pn
Gniewań Hniewań Hniwań
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Ho Chi Minh City /ˌhəʊ tʃiː ˌmɪn ˈsɪti/ pn
Ho Chi Minh Sajgon
The largest city of Vietnam, formerly known as Saigon.

Hogwarts /ˈhɒɡ.wɔːts/ /ˈhɒɡ.wəts/ /ˈhɔɡ.wɔɹts/ /ˈhɔɡ.wɚts/ pn
Hogwart
Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, a school for learning magic in J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter series.

Hokkaido /hɒˈkaɪdəʊ/ /həˈkaɪdəʊ/ pn
Hokkaido
The second largest island of Japan, capital Sapporo.

Hola Prystan pn
Hoła Prystań
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Holland /ˈhɑlənd/ /ˈhɒlənd/ pn
Holandia
An English habitational surname from Middle English for someone from the Netherlands.

Hollywood /ˈhɒl.i.wʊd/ [ˈhɑɫ.i.wʊd] [ˈhɒɫ.i.wʊd] Hollywoods pn
Hollywood
TemplateParserError:LuaError, known as the center of the American motion picture industry.
(metonym) The American motion picture industry, regardless of location.

Holocaust /ˈhɑləkɑst/ /ˈhɑləkɔst/ /ˈhɒləkɔːst/ Holocausts pn
Holocaust Holokaust
(historical, narrowly) The systematic mass murder (genocide) of six million Jews perpetrated by Nazi Germany shortly before and during World War II.
(historical, broadly) The systematic mass murder (democide) of somewhere between eleven and fourteen million people, namely six million Jews and from five to eight million others (including Romanis, Slavs, homosexuals, and people with physical and mental disabilities), perpetrated by Nazi Germany shortly before and during World War II.

Holocene /ˈhɒl.əˌsiːn/ adj
aluwialny holoceński
(geology) Of a geologic epoch within the Quaternary period from about the year 10 000 BC to the present; the age of man.

Holocene /ˈhɒl.əˌsiːn/ pn
holocen aluwium
(geology) The Holocene epoch.

Holodomor /ˌhɒlədəˈmɔː(ɹ)/ Holodomors pn
Wielki Głód Hołodomor
(historical, rare) А famine with mass deaths, especially one of the Soviet famines in 1921–22, 1932–33, or 1946–47.

Holofernes /hɑːləˈfɝːniːz/ /hɒləˈfɜːniːz/ pn
Holofernes
a character in the deuterocanonical Book of Judith, an invading general of Nebuchadnezzar, beheaded by Judith.

Holovanivsk pn
Hołowaniwsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Holstein pn
Holsztyn
The region between the rivers Elbe and Eider, to the south of Schleswig, part of the German state of Schleswig-Holstein.

Holubivka pn
Hołubiwka
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Holy Communion pn
eucharystia komunia
A Christian sacrament commemorating the Last Supper of Christ, with the physical forms of bread and usually wine which are believed by certain denominations to become Christ himself or to host his spiritual presence.

Holy Family pn
Święta Rodzina
(Christianity) Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary, and Joseph.

Holy Grail Holy Grails pn
Graal Święty Graal
(Arthurian mythology) An artifact in Arthurian mythology, being the cup used by Christ at the Last Supper and in which some of his blood was caught during the crucifixion.

Holy Land pn
Ziemia Święta
(Judaism, Christianity, Islam) That part of the Middle East, consisting mostly of Israel and Palestine, in which most Biblical events are set.

Holy Roman Empire pn
Święte Cesarstwo Rzymskie Narodu Niemieckiego
(history) A political conglomeration of lands in Central Europe from at least 962 C.E. until 1806. [from 17th c.]

Holy Saturday Holy Saturdays n
Wielka Sobota
The Saturday immediately after Good Friday and before Easter.

Holy See /ˌhəʊli ˈsiː/ pn
Stolica Apostolska Stolica Święta
The episcopal jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome, commonly known as the Pope. It is the preeminent see of the Catholic Church. It is also the sovereign entity headed by the Pope which governs the Vatican and represents the Catholic Church in temporal affairs.

Holy Sepulchre pn
Boży Grób

Holy Spirit pn
Duch Święty Duch Boży
(Christianity) The person (hypostasis) of the Trinity or Godhead corresponding to divine essence present in the faithful (particularly inspired prophets) and considered to proceed either from (Eastern Orthodoxy) God the Father alone or (Roman Catholicism) from Him together with God the Son.

Holy Trinity pn
Trójca Święta
(Christianity) The three persons of the Godhead: the Father, Son and Holy Spirit.

Holy Wednesday Holy Wednesdays n
Wielka Środa
The Wednesday of Holy Week; the day before Maundy Thursday.

Holy Week pn
Wielki Tydzień
The week preceding Easter containing Palm Sunday, Holy Monday, Holy Tuesday, Holy Wednesday (Spy Wednesday), Holy Thursday (Maundy Thursday), Holy Friday (Good Friday), and Holy Saturday.

Homburg hat Homburg hats n
homburg
A stiff felt hat similar to a fedora.

Home Army pn
Armia Krajowa
(history) the dominant Polish resistance movement in Poland, occupied by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, during World War II.

Honda Hondas pn
Honda
A Japanese automotive and motorcycle manufacturer, named after its founder, Soichiro Honda.

Honduran more Honduran most Honduran adj
honduraski
Of, from, or pertaining to Honduras or the Honduran people.

Honduran Hondurans n
Honduranin Honduranka
A person from Honduras or of Honduran descent.

Honduras /hɑnˈdjʊɹ.əs/ /hɑnˈdʊɹ.əs/ /hɒnˈdjʊə.ɹəs/ pn
Honduras
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Hong Kong /ˌhɑŋˈkɑŋ/ /ˌhɒŋˈkɒŋ/ /ˌhɔŋˈkɔŋ/ [hɔŋ˥ kʰɔŋ˥] pn
Hongkong
TemplateParserError:LuaError, located on an island east of the Pearl River delta in the South China Sea; formerly owned by the United Kingdom.

Hongkongese more Hongkongese most Hongkongese adj
hongkoński
Of or relating to Hong Kong, the Hong Kong people, or their language.

Hongkongese Hongkongese n
Hongkonka Hongkończyk
A native of Hong Kong.

Honiara /ˌhəʊnɪˈɑːɹə/ pn
Honiara
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Honolulu /ˌhoʊ.nəˈluː.luː/ /ˌhɒn.əˈluː.luː/ pn
Honolulu
A port on Oahu Island, the capital city of the state of Hawaii in the United States of America.

Honorius pn
Honoriusz
A Latin en given name, notably borne by a Roman emperor and several popes.

Hope /ˈhoʊp/ /ˈhəʊp/ Hopes pn
Nadzieja Nadia
(rare) A en given name.

Hopi /ˈhoʊ.pi/ /ˈhəʊ.pi/ Hopi Hopis n
Hopi
A member of a particular tribe of North American natives.

Hopi /ˈhoʊ.pi/ /ˈhəʊ.pi/ pn
hopi
The Uto-Aztecan language spoken by this North American tribe.

Horace /ˈhɒrɪs/ /ˈhɒɹəs/ /ˈhɔɹəs/ Horaces pn
Horacy
Quintus Horatius Flaccus, a poet and philosopher of the Roman Augustan Age (65–8 BCE).
A en given name

Horishni Plavni pn
Horiszni Pławni
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Horki pn
Horki
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Horlivka pn
Gorłówka
TemplateParserError:LuaError, in Donetsk oblast.

Horn of Africa pn
Półwysep Somalijski Róg Afryki
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Horodenka pn
Horodence Horodenka
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Horodnia pn
Horodnia
A city in Chernihiv Oblast of Ukraine.

Horodok pn
Gródek
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Horodyshche pn
Horodyszcze
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Horokhiv pn
Horochów
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Horologium pn
Zegar
(astronomy) A constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a pendulum clock. It lies between the constellations Fornax and Dorado.

Hortense pn
Hortensja
A en given name.

Horus [hɔːɹəs] pn
Horus
(Egyptian god) The ancient Egyptian falcon-headed god of the sun, sky, war, and kingship.

Hosea /hoʊˈzeɪə/ /ˌhoʊˈziːə/ pn
Księga Ozeasza Ozeasz
A book of the Old Testament of the Bible.
Ozeasz
A Biblical prophet.

Hostomel pn
Hostomel
TemplateParserError:LuaError; a suburb of Kyiv.

House of Commons pn
Izba Gmin
(Canada, politics) The lower house of the Canadian Parliament.

House of Lords pn
Izba Lordów
The upper chamber of the UK's Houses of Parliament.

House of Representatives pn
izba reprezentantów
The lower house in the bicameral legislatures of several countries; also some singular legislative bodies in unicameral systems.

Hradec Králové pn
Hradec Králové
TemplateParserError:LuaError, located at the west Bohemia at the confluence of the Elbe and the Orlice river.

Hrebinka pn
Hrebinka
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Hubble constant pn
prawo Hubble'a
(astronomy) A number that expresses the rate of expansion of the universe; the velocity at which a distant object is receding from the Earth divided by its distance; its reciprocal determines the age of the universe.

Hubert /ˈhjubɚt/ Huberts pn
Hubert
A en given name, borne by an 8th-century bishop of Liège, patron saint of hunters.

Hudson Bay pn
Zatoka Hudsona
TemplateParserError:LuaError. A large arctic sea, surrounded on three sides, by Quebec on the east, Nunavut to the west, Manitoba to the southwest, Ontario on the south, and extending southeast becoming James Bay. To the north lies the Canadian Arctic Archipelago in the Arctic Ocean.

Hudsonian godwit Hudsonian godwits n
szlamnik amerykanski
An American wader, Limosa haemastica, gathering on the shores of Hudson Bay to migrate to South America each autumn.

Hugh /hjuː/ pn
Hugo Hugon
(rare, _, compared to given name) A surname originating as a patronymic.

Huguenot /ˈhju.ɡə.nɒt/ /ˈhjuː.ɡə.nəʊ/ [ˈɕu.ɡə.nɒt] more Huguenot most Huguenot adj
hugenocki hugonocki
Of, like or relating to Huguenotism or Huguenots.

Huguenot /ˈhju.ɡə.nɒt/ /ˈhjuː.ɡə.nəʊ/ [ˈɕu.ɡə.nɒt] Huguenots n
hugenot hugenotka hugonot hugonotka
(historical) A member of the Protestant Reformed Church of France during the 16th and 17th century.

Huliaipole pn
Hulajpołe
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Humboldt penguin Humboldt penguins n
pingwin peruwiański
Spheniscus humboldti, a species of penguin which live in coastal Peru and Chile.

Humboldt squid n
kałamarnica Humboldta
Dosidicus gigas, a large squid living in the waters of the Humboldt Current in the eastern Pacific Ocean.

Hume's leaf warbler Hume's leaf warblers n
świstunka ałtajska
Phylloscopus humei, a small leaf warbler which breeds in the mountains of inner Asia.

Hun /hʌn/ Huns n
Hun Hunka
A member of a nomadic tribe (the Huns) who invaded Europe in the fourth century from Central Asia.

Hungarian /hʌŋˈɡɛə.ɹi.ən/ adj
węgierski
Of, from, or pertaining to the Kingdom of Hungary, during the days of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, regardless of ethnicity.

Hungarian /hʌŋˈɡɛə.ɹi.ən/ Hungarians n
Węgier Węgierka
A person from the former Kingdom of Hungary, during the Austro-Hungarian Empire, regardless of that person's ethnicity.
węgierski
(uncountable) The main language of Hungary.

Hungarian People's Republic pn
Węgierska Republika Ludowa
(history) An anticapitalist country that existed from 1949 until 1989.

Hungarian hound Hungarian hounds n
gończy węgierski
A breed of hunting dog originating in Hungary.

Hungarian notation /hʌŋˈɡɛɹi.ən noʊˈteɪʃən/ n
notacja węgierska
(computing, programming) A naming convention in which the name of a variable indicates its data type and intended use by including abbreviations as prefixes.

Hungarian studies n
filologia węgierska hungarystyka
(humanities) A field of study concerned with Hungarian language, literature, ethnology, culture, history or society.

Hungarianism Hungarianisms n
hungaryzm
(countable) A word or idiom of the Hungarian language (that has been borrowed by another language).

Hungarianness n
węgierszczyzna
The quality or state of being Hungarian.

Hungary /ˈhʌŋ.ɡəɹ.i/ pn
Węgry
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Hunnic /ˈhʌnɪk/ more Hunnic most Hunnic adj
huński
Relating to the Huns.

Husayn pn
Husajn
(Islam) A son of Ali and brother of Hassan; a martyr, and Shi'a Imam.
A en given name used by Muslims, diminutive of meaning good or handsome.
A Muslim surname from Arabic derived from the Arabic given name.

Hussite Hussites n
husyta husytka
A follower of the teachings of the Christian reformer Jan Hus.

Hussitism pn
husytyzm
(Christianity, historical) A religious reform and nationalistic movement of the Bohemian Reformation, based on the teachings of Jan Hus.

Hutsul Hutsuls n
Hucuł Hucułka
A member of an East Slavic ethnic group spanning parts of western Ukraine and Romania.

Hyacinth pn
Hiacynt Jacek Hiacynta Jacenty
A en given name. One of the less common flower names used since the 19th century.

Hyades /ˈhaɪ.ədiːz/ pn
Hiady
(astronomy) An open cluster of stars in the constellation Taurus, and the nearest visible such cluster to Earth.

Hyde Park pn
Hyde Park
The name of various parks, neighborhoods, and municipalities.

Hydra /ˈhaɪ̯dɹə/ [ˈhaɪ̯dɹə] [ˈhaɪ̯d͡ʒɹə] pn
Hydra
(Greek mythology) A mythological serpent with many heads, slain by Hercules as one of his twelve labours.
(constellation) A spring constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a serpent. It lies just south of the zodiac and contains the star Alphard.
(astronomy) One of Pluto's moons.

Hydrus pn
Wąż Wodny Wąż Morski Wąż Wodny Mały
(constellation) A winter constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a small serpent. It lies between the constellations Mensa and Tucana. It is not to be confused with the constellation Hydra.

Hygieia pn
Higieja
(Greek deities) The goddess and personification of health and healthiness, a daughter of Asclepius and Epione.

Hymen pn
Hymen
(Greek god) The god of marriage and marriage ceremonies.

Hyperborea pn
Hyperborea
(Greek mythology) the land of sunshine and plenty, beyond the northern wind, home to the hyperboreans, a race of giants

Hypnos /ˈhɪpnoʊs/ /ˈhɪpnɒs/ pn
Hypnos
(Greek god) The god and personification of sleep. The son of Nyx and Erebus, twin brother of Thanatos, husband of Pasithea, and the father of the Oneiroi. His Roman counterpart is Somnus.

I /aɪ/ [aɪ̯] [aː] [ɑe̯] pronoun
ja
The speaker or writer, referred to as the grammatical subject, of a sentence.
(nonstandard) The speaker or writer, referred to as the grammatical object, of a sentence.

I am English phraseologicalUnit
jestem Angielką jestem Anglikiem
Indicates that the speaker is from England.

I am HIV positive phraseologicalUnit
jestem nosicielem wirusa HIV
Indicates that the speaker is a carrier of the human immunodeficiency virus.

I am a doctor phraseologicalUnit
jestem lekarką jestem lekarzem
I am a doctor (a physician, a member of the medical profession)

I beg your pardon phraseologicalUnit
przepraszam pardon wypraszam sobie

I came, I saw, I conquered phraseologicalUnit
przyszedłem, zobaczyłem, zwyciężyłem przyszłam, zobaczyłam, zwyciężyłam
I have gained a total and swift victory.

I can't find my ... phraseologicalUnit
nie mogę znaleźć moich ... nie mogę znaleźć mojego ... nie mogę znaleźć mojej ...
Said after losing something.

I can't swim phraseologicalUnit
nie umiem pływać
Indicates the speaker does not know how to swim.

I could eat a horse phraseologicalUnit
jestem głodny jak wilk zjadłbym konia z kopytami
(idiomatic, hyperbole) I am very hungry; short form of "I'm so hungry, I could eat a horse."

I don't care phraseologicalUnit
to mnie nie obchodzi
Indicates that the speaker has no interest or emotional investment in the topic at hand.

I don't drive phraseologicalUnit
nie kieruję nie prowadzę
I don't drive (a car, a vehicle)

I don't eat beef phraseologicalUnit
nie jem wołowiny
Indicates that the speaker does not eat beef.

I don't eat fish phraseologicalUnit
nie jem ryb
Indicates that the speaker does not eat fish.

I don't eat meat phraseologicalUnit
nie jadam mięsa nie jem mięsa
Indicates that the speaker does not eat meat.

I don't eat pork phraseologicalUnit
nie jem wieprzowiny
Indicates that the speaker does not eat pork.

I don't have all day phraseologicalUnit
nie mam całego dnia
Used to say that you want someone to do something faster because you do not have enough time to wait for them to finish

I don't know [-˩˥˨] [mː-] [ɑ̈ɪ̯ ɾoʊ̯(ʔ)(t̚) noʊ̯] [ə̃ː˦˩˦] phraseologicalUnit
nie wiem nie znam
A phrase used in response to a question or command in which the target person does not know the answer to or how to respond.

I don't speak English phraseologicalUnit
nie mówię po angielsku nie mówię po polsku
Indicates that the speaker is unable to speak the English language.

I don't think so /aɪ dəʊnt θɪŋk səʊ/ /aː doʊnt θɪŋk soʊ/ phraseologicalUnit
myślę, że nie
I think what has been said is untrue.
no chyba nie
(sarcastic) No, absolutely not (used to refuse or decline something proposed).

I don't understand phraseologicalUnit
nie rozumiem
Indicates that the speaker is not understanding the current subject or situation.

I don't want it phraseologicalUnit
nie chcę tego
Indicates that the speaker does not want to take something that is being offered.

I don't want to buy anything phraseologicalUnit
nie chcę kupić nic
I don't want to buy anything

I don't want to talk about it phraseologicalUnit
nie chcę o tym rozmawiać
Indicates that the speaker does not want to discuss a particular topic.

I hate you phraseologicalUnit
nienawidzę ciebie nienawidzę cię
Expression of hatred, or intense disdain or dislike directed at someone. Some might invoke this phrase without literal implication, such as unselectively and uncontrolledly directing the phrase to innocent surrounding people as a result of difficult life circumstances, or jokingly in reponse to being pranked. Such uses should be avoided, however.

I have a cold /aɪ hæv ə koʊld/ phraseologicalUnit
jestem przeziębiona jestem przeziębiony
I am suffering from a cold.

I have a fever phraseologicalUnit
mam gorączkę
Indicates that the speaker has an abnormally high body temperature, which is usually a symptom of a disease.

I have a headache phraseologicalUnit
boli mnie głowa
Indicates that the speaker's head hurts.

I have a question phraseologicalUnit
mam pytanie
Indicates that the speaker wants to ask a question.

I have asthma phraseologicalUnit
mam astmę
Indicates that the speaker is afflicted with asthma

I have cancer phraseologicalUnit
mam raka
Indicates that the speaker is afflicted with some form of cancer.

I have diabetes phraseologicalUnit
mam cukrzycę
Indicates that the speaker has diabetes.

I have high blood pressure phraseologicalUnit
mam nadciśnienie mam wysokie ciśnienie
Indicates that the speaker has hypertension (high blood pressure).

I have low blood pressure phraseologicalUnit
mam niskie ciśnienie
Indicates that the speaker has hypotension (low blood pressure).

I have no money phraseologicalUnit
nie mam pieniędzy
Indicates that the speaker has no money.

I hear you say phraseologicalUnit
rozumiem cię tak

I kid you not phraseologicalUnit
nie żartuję

I know phraseologicalUnit
wiem znam
A response used to indicate that speaker was in agreement with the preceding statement before it was made.

I know you are but what am I phraseologicalUnit
chyba ty
(rhetorical question, colloquial, childish) Assertion that an insult made by the party to whom the phrase is directed is actually true of that party, and not of the person using the phrase. Usually considered to be a playground taunt.

I like you phraseologicalUnit
lubię cię podobasz mi się
Indicates that the speaker likes the interlocutor.

I live in Melbourne phraseologicalUnit
mieszkam w Melbourne
Explains that the person lives in Melbourne (example city).

I lost my backpack phraseologicalUnit
zgubiłam plecak zgubiłem plecak
Indicates that the speaker has lost his or her backpack.

I lost my glasses phraseologicalUnit
zgubiłam okulary zgubiłem okulary
Indicates that the speaker has lost his or her glasses.

I lost my handbag phraseologicalUnit
zgubiłam torebkę
Indicates that the speaker has lost his or her handbag.

I lost my keys phraseologicalUnit
zgubiłam klucze zgubiłem klucze
(US) Indicates that the speaker has lost his or her keys.

I lost my wallet phraseologicalUnit
zgubiłam portfel zgubiłem portfel
Indicates that the speaker has lost his or her wallet.

I love you /aɪ ˈlʌv juː/ phraseologicalUnit
kocham cię
An affirmation of affection or deep caring, especially to a family member.
An affirmation of romantic feeling to a lover or spouse.
A platonic expression of strong inclination or liking to a friend.

I mean particle
cóż no wiesz to znaczy
(colloquial) A delaying filler.
no wiesz
(colloquial) A mild intensifier.
to znaczy w sumie znaczy się
(colloquial) An indication of approximation or uncertainty.

I miss you phraseologicalUnit
brakuje mi ciebie tęsknię za tobą
An expression of sorrow or sadness about the absence of a family member, close friend, lover or spouse.

I must go phraseologicalUnit
muszę iść
I must leave

I need ... phraseologicalUnit
potrzebuję
(This entry is a translation hub.)

I need a guide phraseologicalUnit
potrzebuję przewodnika
Indicates that the speaker needs a person to guide him or her.

I need to vomit /aɪ nid tu ˈvɑmit/ phraseologicalUnit
muszę wymiotować
(This entry is a translation hub.)

I rest my case phraseologicalUnit
to koniec sprawy
(legal) My argument is proven; I conclude my statement.
to by było na tyle
(idiomatic) The previous encapsulates my view.

I see phraseologicalUnit
rozumiem

I tell a lie phraseologicalUnit
pomyliłem się
(chiefly, British, idiomatic) I am mistaken; I thought that what I said (or wrote) was true, but I have just realised that it is not.

I think so phraseologicalUnit
myślę że tak
I believe that is the case, but am not certain.

I think therefore I am phraseologicalUnit
myślę, więc jestem
(philosophy) I am able to think, therefore I exist. A philosophical proof of existence based on the fact that someone capable of any form of thought necessarily exists.

I told you phraseologicalUnit
mówiłem ci
Used to tell the listener that what was said before was true, despite the listener's doubts.

I told you so phraseologicalUnit
a nie mówiłem
Used to remind someone that they were already warned by the speaker/writer that a certain event would happen.

I want my money back phraseologicalUnit
chcę zwrot pieniędzy
Said to demand a refund for a product or service.

I want to go to the toilet phraseologicalUnit
muszę korzystać z łazienki
Indicates that the speaker feels the urge to go the toilet.

I want to know phraseologicalUnit
chcę wiedzieć chcę znać
A request for information.

I was born in ... phraseologicalUnit
urodziłam się w ... roku urodziłem się w ... roku
I was born in ... (year).
urodziłam się w ... urodziłem się w ...
I was born in ... (place name).

I wish phraseologicalUnit
gdyby tylko jeśli by jeśliby o ile
(idiomatic, colloquial) Used to express the speaker's wish that the preceding statement were true

I'd like to kiss you phraseologicalUnit
chciałbym ciebie pocałować
Used to ask to kiss a person.

I'd like to know phraseologicalUnit
chciałabym wiedzieć chciałabym znać chciałbym wiedzieć chciałbym znać
Polite request for information

I'll be damned interjection
masz babo placek
(idiom) An expression of surprise.
niech mnie diabli
(idiom) A vehement asseveration that one will not permit some specified thing to happen.

I'll call the police phraseologicalUnit
zadzwonię na policję zadzwonię po policję
Indicates that the speaker is going to call the police, presumably to counter actions from the interlocutor.

I'll have you know phraseologicalUnit
żeby nie było

I'll say phraseologicalUnit
mało powiedziane nie powiem
(idiomatic, colloquial) Used to indicate emphatic agreement

I'm ... year(s) old phraseologicalUnit
mam ... lat mam ... lata mam 1 rok
I was born ... year(s) ago.

I'm American phraseologicalUnit
Jestem Amerykaninem Jestem Amerykanka
Indicates that the speaker is American.

I'm British phraseologicalUnit
Jestem jestem Brytyjczyka jestem Brytyjczykiem
Indicates that the speaker is British.

I'm Canadian phraseologicalUnit
Jestem Kanadyjczykiem Jestem Kanadyjką
Indicates that the speaker is Canadian.

I'm Hindu phraseologicalUnit
jestem Hindusem jestem Hinduską
Indicates that the speaker is a follower of Hinduism.

I'm Jewish phraseologicalUnit
jestem Żydem jestem Żydówką
Indicates that the speaker is of Jewish ethnic descent.

I'm a Buddhist phraseologicalUnit
jestem buddystką jestem buddystą
Indicates that the speaker is a Buddhist.

I'm a Catholic phraseologicalUnit
jestem katoliczką jestem katolikiem
Indicates that the speaker is a Catholic.

I'm a Christian phraseologicalUnit
jestem chrześcijaninem jestem chrześcijanką
Indicates that the speaker is a Christian.

I'm a Muslim phraseologicalUnit
jestem muzułmaninem jestem muzułmanką
Indicates that the speaker is a Muslim.

I'm a Protestant phraseologicalUnit
jestem protestantem jestem protestantką
Indicates that the speaker is a Protestant.

I'm a girl phraseologicalUnit
jestem dziewczyną jestem kobietą
Indicates that the speaker is female.

I'm a guy phraseologicalUnit
jestem chłopakiem
(informal) Indicates that the speaker is male.

I'm a vegan phraseologicalUnit
jestem weganinem jestem weganką
Indicates that the speaker is a vegan.

I'm a vegetarian phraseologicalUnit
jestem wegetarianinem jestem wegetarianką
Indicates that the speaker is a vegetarian.

I'm afraid not phraseologicalUnit
niestety, nie obawiam się, że nie
Unfortunately, no; I regret that that is not so.

I'm afraid so phraseologicalUnit
niestety, tak obawiam się, że tak
Unfortunately, yes; I regret that that is so.

I'm allergic to aspirin phraseologicalUnit
mam alergię na aspirynę
Indicates that the speaker has an allergy to aspirin.

I'm allergic to nuts phraseologicalUnit
mam uczulenie na orzechy
Indicates that the speaker has an allergy to nuts.

I'm allergic to penicillin phraseologicalUnit
mam alergię na penicylinę
Indicates that the speaker has an allergy to penicillin.

I'm an atheist phraseologicalUnit
jestem ateistką jestem ateistą
Indicates that the speaker is an atheist.

I'm ashamed phraseologicalUnit
wstydzę się
Indicates that the speaker is ashamed.

I'm bleeding phraseologicalUnit
krwawię
Indicates that the speaker is bleeding.

I'm blind /aɪm ˈblaɪnd/ phraseologicalUnit
jestem ślepa jestem ślepy
Indicates that the speaker is blind.

I'm busy phraseologicalUnit
jestem zajęta jestem zajęty
I'm busy.

I'm cold phraseologicalUnit
jest mi zimno mnie jest zimno
Indicates that the speaker feels cold.

I'm confused phraseologicalUnit
jestem zagubiona jestem zagubiony jestem zdezorientowana jestem zdezorientowany jestem zmieszana jestem zmieszany
Indicates that the speaker is confounded by something.

I'm deaf /aɪm ˈdɛf/ phraseologicalUnit
jestem głucha jestem głuchy
Indicates that one is deaf.

I'm dying phraseologicalUnit
umieram
Indicates that the speaker believes that he or she is dying.

I'm embarrassed phraseologicalUnit
jestem zażenowana jestem zażenowany wstyd mi
Indicates that the speaker is embarrassed.

I'm fine phraseologicalUnit
mam się dobrze
Conventional response to "how are you?", indicating that one is well.

I'm fine, thank you phraseologicalUnit
dziękuję, dobrze
The expected, polite response to how are you?

I'm full phraseologicalUnit
najadłam się najadłem się
Indicates that the speaker does not wish to continue eating.

I'm gay phraseologicalUnit
jestem gejem jestem homoseksualistką jestem homoseksualistą jestem lesbijką
Indicates that the speaker is homosexual.

I'm good phraseologicalUnit
nie, dziękuję
(chiefly, US, informal) No, thank you: used when asked whether one wants or needs something, etc.

I'm hot phraseologicalUnit
gorąco mi
Indicates that the speaker is hot (i.e. feeling the sensation of heat, especially to the point of discomfort)

I'm hungry phraseologicalUnit
chce mi się jeść jestem głodna jestem głodny
I have a strong appetite to eat.

I'm in love with you phraseologicalUnit
jestem w tobie zakochana jestem w tobie zakochany
A declaration of passion or romantic feeling.

I'm looking for a grocery store phraseologicalUnit
szukam sklepu spożywczego
Indicates that the speaker is looking for a grocery store.

I'm looking for a job phraseologicalUnit
szukam pracy
Indicates that the speaker is looking for a job.

I'm lost phraseologicalUnit
zabłądziłem zgubiłam się zgubiłem się
Indicates that the speaker is unable to find his or her way.

I'm married phraseologicalUnit
jestem mężatką jestem żonaty
Indicates that the speaker has a spouse.

I'm mute /aɪm ˈmjuːt/ phraseologicalUnit
jestem niema jestem niemy
I'm mute

I'm not interested phraseologicalUnit
nie jestem zainteresowana nie jestem zainteresowany
(This entry is a translation hub.)

I'm not religious phraseologicalUnit
nie jestem religijna nie jestem religijny nie jestem wierząca nie jestem wierzący
Indicates that the speaker is a not a follower of any religious doctrines.

I'm pregnant phraseologicalUnit
jestem ciężarna jestem w ciąży
Indicates that the speaker is pregnant.

I'm scared phraseologicalUnit
boję się jestem przestraszona jestem przestraszony
Indicates that the speaker is scared.

I'm sick phraseologicalUnit
choruję jestem chora jestem chory
Indicates that the speaker has an illness.

I'm single phraseologicalUnit
jestem niezamężna jestem nieżonaty jestem singielką jestem singlem
Indicates that the speaker does not have a spouse or romantic partner.

I'm sorry phraseologicalUnit
przepraszam
Indicates the speaker's apology.
przepraszam przykro mi żałuję
(with an upward inflection) Indicates that the speaker is confused or requests information to be repeated; come again?, say again?, I beg your pardon?; see also Thesaurus:say again

I'm straight phraseologicalUnit
jestem heteroseksualna jestem heteroseksualny
Indicates that the speaker is a heterosexual.

I'm thirsty phraseologicalUnit
jestem spragniona jestem spragniony pić mi się chce
(usually) I need something to drink (e.g., water).
(more generally) I need something, or want something a lot.

I'm tired phraseologicalUnit
jestem zmęczona jestem zmęczony
Indicates that the speaker is in need of rest or sleep.

I'm twenty years old phraseologicalUnit
mam dwadzieścia lat
Indicates that the speaker is aged twenty.

I'm worried phraseologicalUnit
martwię się
Indicates that the speaker is worried.

I've been raped phraseologicalUnit
zostałam zgwałcona zostałem zgwałcony
Indicates that the speaker has been raped.

I've been robbed phraseologicalUnit
obrabowano mnie zostałam obrabowana zostałem obrabowany
Indicates that the speaker has been robbed.

I've been shot phraseologicalUnit
zostałam postrzelona zostałem postrzelony
Indicates one has been shot and may require medical attention.

I've burned myself phraseologicalUnit
poparzyłam się poparzyłem się
Indicates that the speaker is physically hurt due to contact with fire or heat.

I-beam I-beams n
dwuteownik
(engineering) A beam with cross-section shaped like a capital letter I (with serifs top and bottom), used in construction.

I/O I/Os n
I/O
(computing, electrical engineering)

IBM /ˈˌʌɪbiːˈɛm/ pn
IBM
Initialism of International Business Machines.

ICCL phraseologicalUnit
mam gdzieś
Initialism of I couldn't care less.

ICU ICUs n
OIT OITM
(medical) Initialism of intensive care unit.

IDK phraseologicalUnit
nwm

IE pn
ie.
(linguistics, anthropology, etc.) Initialism of Indo-European.

IKEA /aɪˈkiːə/ /i-/ /ɪˈkeɪ.ə/ /ɪˈki.a/ /ˈaɪˌki.ə/ pn
IKEA
An international, originally Swedish home products retailer that sells modern, utilitarian design furniture, much of which is assembled by the consumer.

IMF pn
MFW
(UN) Initialism of International Monetary Fund.

IMO pn
Międzynarodowa Organizacja Morska
(UN, nautical) Initialism of International Maritime Organization.

IOC pn
MKOl
(ornithology) Initialism of International Ornithological Committee. (now known as International Ornithologists' Union)

IOU IOUs n
kwit dłużny skrypt dłużny
An informal promissory note that is not a negotiable instrument.

IPA /ˌaɪ.piːˈeɪ/ [ˌaɪ.pʰiːˈeɪ] pn
IPA MAF
Initialism of International Phonetic Alphabet.

IQ /ˌaɪ ˈkjuː/ IQs n
IQ
Initialism of intelligence quotient.

ISS pn
MSK
(space) Initialism of International Space Station.

Ialomița pn
Jałomica

Iași pn
Jassy
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Iberian more Iberian most Iberian adj
iberyjski
Native to Iberia.

Iberian Peninsula pn
Półwysep Iberyjski Półwysep Pirenejski
A peninsula located in the extreme southwest of Europe which includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra and Gibraltar, bordered on the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea, and on the north and west by the Atlantic Ocean, with the Pyrenees forming the northeast edge of the peninsula, connecting it to the rest of Europe.

Iberian chiffchaff Iberian chiffchaffs n
świstunka iberyjska
Phylloscopus ibericus, a species of leaf warbler endemic to Portugal, Spain and North Africa, west of a line stretching roughly from the western Pyrenees via the mountains of central Spain to the Atlantic.

Ibiza /aɪˈbiːθə/ /iˈbiːsə/ /ɪˈbiːsə/ /ɪˈbiːzə/ /ɪˈbiːθə/ pn
Ibiza
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Icarus /ˈɪkəɹəs/ pn
Ikar

Iceland /ˈaɪs.lənd/ pn
Islandia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Iceland gull Iceland gulls n
mewa polarna
Larus glaucoides, a medium size gull which breeds in the Arctic regions of Canada and Greenland.

Icelandic /aɪsˈlændɪk/ more Icelandic most Icelandic adj
islandzki
Of or relating to the natives or inhabitants of Iceland.

Icelandic /aɪsˈlændɪk/ pn
islandzki
A North Germanic language, the national tongue of Iceland.

Icelandic Sheepdog Icelandic Sheepdogs n
pasterski islandzki
A spitz herding dog bred in Iceland.

Ichkeria pn
Iczkeria

Ichnia pn
Icznia

Ida /ˈaɪdə/ pn
Ida
A en given name.

Idaho /ˈaɪdəhəʊ/ /ˈaɪdəˌhoʊ/ pn
Idaho
University of Idaho

Ido /ˈidoʊ/ pn
ido
A constructed language; a reform of Esperanto and Idiom Neutral

Idumaea pn
Idumea
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Ignatius /ɪɡˈneɪʃəs/ pn
Ignacy
A en given name; of mostly Roman Catholic or Eastern Orthodox usage in English.

Igor /ˈaɪɡɔːɹ/ /ˈiːɡɔːɹ/ Igors pn
Igor
A en given name.

Ijekavian pn
ijekawski jekawski
A dialect, group of dialects or dialect continuum of Serbo-Croatian spoken through most of Croatia, Bosnia and Montenegro and parts of Serbia and distinguished by reflecting the Common Slavic jat (Old Cyrillic: ѣ, Glagolitic: ⱑ, Latin transcription /ě/) sound as disyllabic (triphonemic) /ije/ or diphthongal /je/ sequence.

Ikavian pn
ikawski
A dialect or group of dialects of Serbo-Croatian spoken primarily in coastal Croatia distinguished by reflecting the Common Slavic jat (Old Cyrillic: ѣ, Glagolitic: ⱑ, Latin transcription /ě/) sound as /i/.

Il Duce /il ˈdutʃeɪ/ /iːl ˈduːtʃeɪ/ pn
duce
(historical) The title which Italian dictator Benito Mussolini assumed during his rule (1922—1945).

Illinois /ˌɪləˈnɔɪ/ /ˌɪləˈnɔɪz/ pn
Illinois
A confederation of Algonquian tribes who lived in the Mississippi River Valley.

Illintsi pn
Ilińce Lińce
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Illyria pn
Iliria
A region in Southeast Europe, the western part of what is now the Balkan Peninsula that was inhabited by the Illyrians, ancient Indo-European people.

Ilovaisk pn
Iłowajśk
TemplateParserError:LuaError, in Donetsk oblast.

Immaculate Conception pn
Niepokalane Poczęcie
The doctrine, in the Roman Catholic Church, that the Virgin Mary was conceived biologically but free from original sin.
December 8th (The Feast of the Immaculate Conception of Mary).

Inca /ˈɪŋkə/ Inca Incas n
Inka
A member of the group of Quechuan peoples of highland Peru who established an empire from northern Ecuador to central Chile before the Spanish conquest.

Incarnation pn
Wcielenie
(Christianity) The doctrine that the second person of the Trinity assumed human form in the person of Jesus Christ and is fully divine and fully human.

India /ˈɪn.di.ə/ /ˈɪn.dɪə/ /ˈɪn.dɪə̯/ /ˈɪɳ.ɖɪ.jaː/ Indias pn
Indie
(historical, often "British India") A territory of the British Empire, chiefly comprising the modern day countries of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal and Burma.

Indian /ˈɪn.di.ən/ /ˈɪn.dɪ.ən/ /ˈɪɳ.ɖɪə̯n/ more Indian most Indian adj
indyjski hinduski
Of or relating to India or its people; or (formerly) of the East Indies. [from 14th c.]
indiański
Of or relating to the indigenous peoples of the Americas. [from 16th c.]

Indian /ˈɪn.di.ən/ /ˈɪn.dɪ.ən/ /ˈɪɳ.ɖɪə̯n/ Indians n
Hindus Hinduska
A person from India. [from 13th c.]
Indianin Indianka
An American Indian, a member of one of the indigenous peoples of the Americas (generally excluding the Aleut, Inuit, Metis, or Yupik). [from 16th c.]

Indian English Indian Englishes n
indyjska odmiana języka angielskiego
A major dialect of the English language, spoken in many varieties in India and by people from India.

Indian Ocean pn
Ocean Indyjski
The ocean separating Africa, southern Asia, Australia and Antarctica.

Indian black-lored tit Indian black-lored tits n
sikora indyjska
Machlolophus aplonotus, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

Indian myna Indian mynas n
majna brunatna

Indian style adv
po turecku
(of sitting) Cross-legged.

Indian summer /ˈɪn.di.ən ˈsʌ.mɚ/ /ˈɪn.dɪ.ən ˈsʌ.mə(ɹ)/ Indian summers n
babie lato złota jesień
A stretch of sunny and warm, often hazy, days during late autumn. [from late 18th c., popularized in the early 19th c.]
pogodna jesień życia
(figuratively) The late autumn of life; a late flowering of activity before old age. [from early 19th c.]

Indian sunburn Indian sunburns n
pokrzywka
(slang) The prank of grabbing a victim's forearm in both hands and twisting the skin in opposite directions.

Indiana /ˌɪndiˈænə/ Indianas pn
Indiana
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Indianapolis /ɪndiəˈnæpəlɪs/ pn
Indianapolis
IMS; Ellipsis of Indianapolis Motor Speedway (“The Brickyard”).

Indo-European /ˌɪndəʊˌjʊəɹəˈpiːən/ more Indo-European most Indo-European adj
indoeuropejski
Of or relating to the languages originally spoken in Europe and Western Asia.

Indo-European /ˌɪndəʊˌjʊəɹəˈpiːən/ Indo-Europeans n
Indoeuropejczyk
A member of the original ethnolinguistic group hypothesized to have spoken Proto-Indo-European and thus to have been the ancestor for most of India and Western Eurasia.

Indo-European studies n
indoeuropeistyka
The academic study of the Indo-European languages in relation to Proto-Indo-European, and sometimes of related humanities. (This entry is a translation hub.)

Indo-Europeanist Indo-Europeanists n
indoeuropeista indoeuropeistka
(indo-european studies) A scientist (usually a linguist or anthropologist) engaged in Indo-European studies.

Indochina /ˈɪndoʊ̯ˌt͡ʃaɪ̯nə/ /ˌɪndoʊ̯ˈt͡ʃaɪ̯nə/ pn
Indochiny
The former French colonial part of Southeast Asia comprising the peninsula containing Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos, and more broadly, Myanmar and Thailand.

Indochinese adj
indochiński
Of, or pertaining to Indochina or its culture or people.

Indonesia /-doʊ-/ /-zi.ə/ /ˌɪndə(ʊ)ˈniːʒə/ /ˌɪndəˈniʒə/ pn
Indonezja
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Indonesian /ˌɪndəˈniːʒən/ more Indonesian most Indonesian adj
indonezyjski
Of or relating to Indonesia or its people or language.

Indonesian /ˌɪndəˈniːʒən/ Indonesians n
Indonezyjczyk Indonezyjka
(countable) A person living in or coming from Indonesia.
indonezyjski
(uncountable) The common language spoken in Indonesia.

Induan pn
ind

Indus /ˈɪndəs/ pn
Indus
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
Indianin
(constellation) A constellation of the southern sky between Grus and Pavo.

Industrial Revolution pn
rewolucja przemysłowa
(historical) The major technological, socioeconomic and cultural change in the late 18th and early 19th century resulting from the replacement of an economy based on manual labour to one dominated by industry and machine manufacture.

Ingushetia /ɪŋɡʊˈʃɛtiə/ pn
Inguszetia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Inkerman pn
Inkerman
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Inner Mongolia pn
Mongolia Wewnętrzna
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Inquisition pn
inkwizycja
(historical) A tribunal of the Roman Catholic Church set up to investigate and suppress heresy.
(by extension) A harsh or rigorous interrogation that violates the rights of an individual.

Instagram /ˈɪnstəɡɹæm/ pn
Instagram
(Internet) An online photo- and video-sharing social networking service, originally designed to mimic old-fashioned instant cameras.

Interlaken pn
Interlaken
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Interlingua /ˈɪntə(ɹ)ˌlɪŋɡwə/ pn
interlingua
A constructed interlanguage based on Romance languages, English, German, Russian and Latin, developed by the International Auxiliary Language Association, and first published in 1951.

International Court of Justice pn
Międzynarodowy Trybunał Sprawiedliwości
(UN) A judicial body of the United Nations, established in 1945 to decide disputes brought by nations.

International Phonetic Alphabet /ˌɪntəˈnæʃ(ə)nəl fəˈnɛtɪk ˈælfəˌbɛt/ /ˌɪntɚˈnæʃ(ə)n(ə)l fəˈnɛɾɪk ˈælfəˌbɛt/ [ˌɪntəˈnæʃ(ə)nəɫ fəˈnɛtɪk ˈæɫfəˌbɛt] [ˌɪntɚˈnæʃ(ə)n(ə)ɫ fəˈnɛɾɪk ˈæɫfəˌbɛt] [ˌɪɾ̃ɚ-] pn
międzynarodowy alfabet fonetyczny
A standardized set of symbols for representing the sounds of human speech.

Internationale /ˌɪn.tɚˈnæˌʃən.əl/ /ˌɪn.tɚˌnæ.ʃənˈæl/ /ˌɪn.tɚˌnæ.ʃənˈɑl.eɪ/ pn
Międzynarodówka
A general left-wing anthem for solidarity and emancipation of the working class, dating back to the 19th century.

Internet /ˈɪntəˌnɛt/ /ˈɪntɚˌnɛt/ [ˈɪɾ̃ɚˌnɛt] pn
Internet Sieć międzysieć
The specific internet consisting of a global network of computers that communicate using Internet Protocol (IP) and that use Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) to identify the best paths to route those communications.

Internet address Internet addresses n
adres internetowy
(computing, Internet) Any address used to identify a place or resource on the Internet, such as a URL, an IP address, or a domain name.

Internet cafe Internet cafes n
kawiarenka (internetowa)
A place where one can use a computer with Internet access for a fee.

Internet forum Internet fora Internet forums n
forum internetowe
(computing) A system in which users may send, read and reply to messages on a particular subject.

Interslavic /ˌɪntɚˈslɑːvɪk/ adj
międzysłowiański
Between Slavs or Slavic nations.

Interslavic /ˌɪntɚˈslɑːvɪk/ pn
międzysłowiański
An international auxiliary language based on Slavic languages.

Inuit /ˈɪnjuːɪt/ /ˈɪnuːɪt/ /ˈɪnʊɪt/ more Inuit most Inuit adj
inuicki
Of or pertaining to Inuit people, language, or culture.

Inuit /ˈɪnjuːɪt/ /ˈɪnuːɪt/ /ˈɪnʊɪt/ n
Inuita Inuitka
the people

Inuit /ˈɪnjuːɪt/ /ˈɪnuːɪt/ /ˈɪnʊɪt/ pn
inuicki
Inuktitut, the Inuit language.

Inuktitut /ɪˈnʊktɪtʊt/ pn
inuktitut eskimoski
The language of the Inuit people.

Ioannina /jɔˈɑninɑ/ pn
Janina
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Ionian /aɪˈəʊniən/ more Ionian most Ionian adj
joński
Synonym of Ionic

Ionian Sea /aɪˈəʊ.ni.ən ˈsiː/ pn
Morze Jońskie
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Iowa /ˈaɪəweɪ/ /ˈaɪəwə/ pn
Iowa
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
University of Iowa.

Iphigenia /ˌɪfɪd͡ʒɪˈnaɪə/ /ˌɪfɪˈd͡ʒiːnɪə/ pn
Ifigenia
(Greek mythology) The daughter of Agamemnon and Clytaemnestra, who is sacrificed by her father to ensure the safe journey of the Greeks to Troy.

Iraklion pn
Heraklion Iraklion
The capital city of Crete, Greece.

Iran /aɪˈɹæn/ /ɪˈɹæn/ /ɪˈɹɑːn/ pn
Iran
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
(literary, technical) regions inhabited by the Iranian peoples.

Iranian /aɪˈɹeɪni.ən/ /iˈɹɑːni.ən/ /ɪˈɹeɪni.ən/ /ɪˈɹɑːni.ən/ adj
irański
(linguistics) Pertaining to the Iranian languages or their speakers.

Iranian /aɪˈɹeɪni.ən/ /iˈɹɑːni.ən/ /ɪˈɹeɪni.ən/ /ɪˈɹɑːni.ən/ Iranians n
Irańczyk Iranka
A person from Iran or of Iranian descent.

Iranian Plateau pn
Wyżyna Irańska
A plateau in Western Asia and Central Asia.

Iraq /aɪˈɹæk/ /ɪˈɹak/ /ɪˈɹæk/ /ɪˈɹɑk/ /ɪˈɹɑːk/ Iraqs pn
Irak
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Iraqi /ɪˈɹæki/ /ɪˈɹɑːki/ adj
iracki
Of, from, or pertaining to Iraq, or the Iraqi people.

Iraqi /ɪˈɹæki/ /ɪˈɹɑːki/ Iraqis n
Irakijczyk Irakijka
A person from Iraq or of Iraqi descent.

Ireland /ˈaɪə(ɹ)lənd/ [ˈaɪɚlənd] [ˈäɪɚɫɪ̈nd] [ˈɑɚlənd] [ˈɑɪələnd] [ˈɑɪɚlənd] [ˈəɪɚlənd] [ˈʌɪɚlənd] Irelands pn
Irlandia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
A republic occupying the majority-area of the island of Ireland, with Northern Ireland occupying the rest of the island. Also known as the Republic of Ireland since 1949.
A surname.
Other places named Ireland:
TemplateParserError:LuaError (OS grid ref TL1341).
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Irenaeus pn
Ireneusz
A en given name.

Irene /aɪˈɹiːn/ pn
Irena
A en given name, in regular use since the 19th century.

Iriomote tit Iriomote tits n
sikora oliwkowogrzbieta
Sittiparus olivaceus, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

Irish /ˈaɪəɹɪʃ/ /ˈaɪɹəʃ/ /ˈaɪɹɪʃ/ more Irish most Irish adj
irlandzki
Pertaining to or originating from Ireland or the Irish people.
Pertaining to the Irish language.

Irish /ˈaɪəɹɪʃ/ /ˈaɪɹəʃ/ /ˈaɪɹɪʃ/ Irish Irishes n
tryktrak irlandzki
(uncountable, obsolete) A board game of the tables family.

Irish /ˈaɪəɹɪʃ/ /ˈaɪɹəʃ/ /ˈaɪɹɪʃ/ pn
irlandzki iryjski
(uncountable) The Gaelic language indigenous to Ireland, also known as Irish Gaelic.
Irlandczyk Irlandka
(as plural) The Irish people.

Irish Sea pn
Morze Irlandzkie
TemplateParserError:LuaError. A sea between the islands of Great Britain and Ireland; bordered to the north by the North Channel and to the south by St George's Channel and the Celtic Sea.

Irish goodbye Irish goodbyes n
wyjść po angielsku
A hasty exit made without saying farewells to anybody.

Irish setter /ˈaɪɹɪʃ ˈsɛt.ə/ Irish setters n
seter irlandzki
A breed of gun dog with a moderately long coat of a red or chestnut color.

Irishman /ˈaɪɹɪʃmən/ Irishmen n
Irlandczyk
A man from Ireland.

Irishwoman Irishwomen n
Irlandka
A woman from Ireland

Irkutsk /iɹˈkʊtsk/ pn
Irkuck
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Irmino pn
Irmino
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Iron Age /ˈʌɪən eɪdʒ/ pn
epoka żelaza
(mythology) The most recent and debased of the four or five classical Ages of Man; hence, any period characterized by wicked behavior. [from 16th c.]
(archaeology) A level of culture in which humans used iron and the technology of ironworking. (Estimated to have begun in Europe about 1100BC) [from 19th c.]

Iron Curtain pn
żelazna kurtyna
(historical) The dividing line between Western Europe and the Soviet controlled regions, especially during the Cold War.

Iroquoian more Iroquoian most Iroquoian adj
irokeski
Of or pertaining to a Native American language family including the Iroquois and Cherokee.

Iroquoian Iroquoians n
Irokez Irokezka
A member of the Iroquois people.

Iroquois /ˈɪɹ.ə.kwɑː/ /ˈɪɹ.ə.kwɔɪ/ /ˈɪɹ.ə.kɔɪ/ Iroquois n
Irokezi
Irokez Irokezka
A member of a confederacy of (originally) five Native American (Indian) tribes: the Mohawks, the Oneidas, the Onondagas, the Cayugas, and the Senecas. Also known as the Iroquois League.

Iroquois /ˈɪɹ.ə.kwɑː/ /ˈɪɹ.ə.kwɔɪ/ /ˈɪɹ.ə.kɔɪ/ pn
irokeski
Any of the languages of the Iroquois, belonging to the Iroquoian family of languages.

Irpin pn
Irpień
TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Irrawaddy /ˈɪɹəˌwɑdi/ pn
Irawadi
TemplateParserError:LuaError (Myanmar).

Irshava pn
Irszawa
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Irtysh /ˈɪə(ɹ)tɪʃ/ pn
Irtysz
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Isaac /ˈaɪzæk/ /ˈaɪzək/ Isaacs pn
Izaak
(biblical character) The son of Abraham and Sarah, father of Esau and Jacob, from whom the Hebrew people trace their descent.
A en given name.

Isabel /ˈɪzəbɛl/ pn
Izabela Izabella
A en given name.

Isaiah /aɪˈzaɪ.ə/ /aɪˈzeɪ.ə/ pn
Księga Izajasza Izajasz
A book of the Old Testament of the Bible, and of the Tanakh.
Izajasz Księga Izajasza
(Abrahamic religions) A prophet, the author of the Book of Isaiah.
A en given name.

Isar pn
Izara
TemplateParserError:LuaError, a tributary of the Danube.

Isauria /aɪˈsɔːɹi.ə/ pn
Izauria
(historical) a rugged isolated district in the interior of South Asia Minor; famous for its bandits

Iseult /ɪˈsuːlt/ /ɪˈzuːlt/ pn
Izolda
A en given name.

Isidora pn
Izydora
A en given name; rare in the Anglo-Saxon world.

Isidore Isidores pn
Izydor
A en given name

Isis /ˈaɪsɪs/ /ˈiaɪsəs/ pn
Izyda Izis
(Egyptian mythology) An ancient Egyptian goddess, the wife of Osiris and mother of Horus, worshiped as the ideal mother and wife and as the matron of nature and magic.

Islam /-læm/ /ɪsˈlɑːm/ /ɪzˈlɑːm/ /ˈɪs.lɑːm/ /ˈɪz.lɑːm/ Islams pn
islam
A monotheistic Abrahamic religion followed by Muslims that is based on the teachings of Muhammad and the Qur'an.

Islamabad /ɪsˈlɑːməˌbɑːd/ /ɪzˈlæməˌbæd/ /ɪzˈlɑːməˌbɑːd/ pn
Islamabad
TemplateParserError:LuaError, located within the Islamabad Capital Territory.

Islamic /ɪsˈlɑːmɪk/ /ɪzˈlæmɪk/ /ɪzˈlɑːmɪk/ more Islamic most Islamic adj
islamski
Of, pertaining to, originating in, characteristic of, or deriving from Muslims or Islam.

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan pn
Islamski Emirat Afganistanu
The official name of Afghanistan under Taliban rule in 1996–2001 and since 2021.

Islamic Republic of Afghanistan pn
Islamska Republika Afganistanu
The former official name of Afghanistan, from 2001 through 2021.

Islamic Republic of Iran pn
Islamska Republika Iranu
[1979]

Islamic Republic of Pakistan pn
Islamska Republika Pakistanu
The official name of Pakistan.

Islamic State pn
Państwo Islamskie
A Salafist group active in Libya, Nigeria, Iraq and Syria, where it has proclaimed an (unrecognized) state.

Islamism /ɪzˈlæmɪz(ə)m/ /ɪzˈlɑːmɪz(ə)m/ /ˈɪzləmɪz(ə)m/ Islamisms n
islamizm
(by extension) Islamic fundamentalism, especially the forms that promote violence, hostility, and persecution of non-believers. [from 20th c.]

Islamist /-ˈlæmɪst/ /-ˈlɑːmɪst/ /ˈɪsləmɪst/ /ˈɪzləmɪst/ Islamists n
islamista islamistka islamoznawca islamoznawczyni
A scholastic Muslim who specializes in Muslim academics. [from 1910s]
islamista islamistka
A Muslim who espouses Islamic fundamentalist beliefs. [from 1980s]

Islamization Islamizations n
islamizacja
Conversion to Islam.

Islamologist Islamologists n
islamista

Islamophobia Islamophobias n
islamofobia
Fear or hatred of Islam or Muslims.

Isle of Man /ˌaɪl ə(v) ˈmæn/ pn
Wyspa Man
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError (OS grid ref NY0075).

Isle of Wight /ˌaɪl ə(v) ˈwaɪt/ pn
Wyspa Wight
An island, county and unitary authority off the south coast of England in the English Channel opposite Southampton.

Israel /ˈɪz.ɹaɪ.ɛl/ /ˈɪz.ɹeɪ.əl/ /ˈɪz.ɹeɪ.ɛl/ /ˈɪz.ɹi.əl/ /ˈɪz.ɹɛəl/ Israels pn
Izrael
The Jews, taken collectively.
A en given name,
Another name for Jacob, notably after Genesis 32:28 and in later references.

Israeli /ɪzˈɹeɪli/ adj
izraelski
Of, from, or pertaining to Israel, the Israeli people.

Israeli /ɪzˈɹeɪli/ Israelis n
Izraelczyk Izraelka
A person from Israel or of Israeli descent.

Istanbul /ɪstænˈbʊl/ pn
Stambuł Istambuł
A Turkish city, and the largest European city by population, which was the last capital of the Ottoman Empire and the Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire).

Istanbulite Istanbulites n
stambulczyk stambułka
(demonym) a person from or living in Istanbul

Istro-Romanian pn
istrorumuński
An endangered Eastern Romance language spoken in the Istrian region of Croatia, and related to Romanian, Aromanian and Megleno-Romanian.

Italian /ɪˈtæljən/ /ˌaɪˈtæljən/ more Italian most Italian adj
włoski włoskojęzyczny
Pertaining to Italy, its people or its language.

Italian /ɪˈtæljən/ /ˌaɪˈtæljən/ Italians n
Włoch Włoszka
(countable) An inhabitant of Italy, or a person of Italian descent.
włoski język włoski
(uncountable) The official language of Italy, also spoken in San Marino, the Vatican, and parts of Argentina, Slovenia and Switzerland.

Italian Peninsula pn
Półwysep Apeniński
A large peninsula in Southern Europe protruding into the Mediterranean Sea and shaped like a boot. The mountain range of Apennines runs across it from north to south. Occupied almost entirely by Italy.

Italian Republic pn
Republika Włoska
The official name of Italy.

Italian honeysuckle Italian honeysuckles n
kapryfolium wiciokrzew przewiercień
Italian woodbine (Lonicera caprifolium).

Italian oak Italian oaks n
dąb węgierski
Quercus frainetto, a species of oak native to southeastern Europe (parts of Italy, the Balkans, parts of Hungary, Romania) and Turkey.

Italianism Italianisms n
italianizm

Italianization /ɪˌtæljənaɪˈzeɪʃən/ /ɪˌtæljənəˈzeɪʃən/ pn
italianizacja
(historical) The forced cultural and ethnic assimilation of minorities in the Kingdom of Italy, with particular reference to the Fascist government (1922–1943).

Italianize /ɪˈtæljəˌnaɪz/ v
italizować
(transitive) To give something Italian characteristics

Italianness n
włoskość włoszczyzna
The quality or characteristic of being Italian.

Italophile Italophiles n
italofil

Italophone adj
włoskojęzyczny
Italian-speaking

Italy /ˈɪtəli/ [ˈi.tɐ.li] [ˈɪ.tə.li] [ˈɪ.ɾə.li] pn
Włochy Italia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
Synonym of Apennine Peninsula

Ithaca /ˈɪθəkə/ pn
Itaka
TemplateParserError:LuaError; according to the legend Odysseus was its king.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError, surrounding the city of the same name.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Ivalo pn
Ivalo
village in Inari Municipality, located in Finland's Lapland province.

Ivan /ɪˈvɑːn/ /ˈaɪ.vən/ /ˈivɑːn/ pn
Iwan
A transliteration of the Russian male given name Ива́н (Iván).
A transliteration of the Macedonian male given name Иван (Ivan).

Ivan the Terrible pn
Iwan Groźny

Ivano-Frankivsk pn
Iwano-Frankiwsk Iwano-Frankowsk Obwód iwanofrankiwski Stanisławów
TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Ivanovich /ɪˈvænəvɪt͡ʃ/ /ɪˈvɑːnəvɪt͡ʃ/ Ivanoviches Ivanovichs pn
Iwanowicz
A transliteration of the Russian patronymic Ива́нович (Ivánovič, “son of Ivan”).

Ivanovo pn
Iwanowo
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Ivorian /aɪˈvɔːɹiən/ adj
iworyjski
Of, from, or pertaining to Côte d'Ivoire or the Ivorian people.

Ivorian /aɪˈvɔːɹiən/ Ivorians n
Iworyjczyk Iworyjka
A person from Côte d'Ivoire or of Ivorian descent.

Iwo Jima pn
Iwo Jima
TemplateParserError:LuaError, now administered as part of Tokyo's Ogasawara Subprefecture and most famous for a major battle in World War II.

Ixion /ɪkˈsaɪ.ən/ pn
Ixion
(Greek mythology) King of Lapiths, who was punished by Zeus for trying to seduce Hera by being bound to a winged fiery wheel that was always spinning.
(astronomy) A Kuiper belt object (KBO), 28978 Ixion (provisional designation 2001 KX76), once thought to be a possible dwarf planet.

Izhevsk pn
Iżewsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Iziaslav pn
Zasław
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Izium /ɪˈzjuːm/ pn
Izium
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Izmail pn
Izmaił
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Izmir /ˈɪzmɪə/ pn
Izmir
A major Turkish port city situated midway along the western Anatolian seaboard, geographically continuous with the ancient city of Smyrna.

Iłża pn
Iłża
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

J /d͡ʒeɪ/ J's JJ Js n
W
(card games)

Jabalpur pn
Dżabalpur Jabalpur
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Jabberwock pn
Dziaberlak Dziaberliada Dziwolęki Dżabbersmok Dżabrokłap Żabrołak
A fantastical dreaded monster with flaming eyes.

Jablonec nad Nisou pn
Jablonec nad Nysą
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Jablunkov pn
Jabłonków
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Jack /d͡ʒæk/ Jacks pn
Jakub Jasiek Jaś
A en given name, also used as a pet form of John or more rarely, Jacob.

Jack the Ripper pn
Kuba Rozpruwacz
A supposed individual who was an unidentified 19th century serial killer in England, who has become part of folklore.

Jacob /ˈd͡ʒeɪkəb/ pn
Jakub
(biblical character) One of the sons of Isaac and Rebecca, and twin brother of Esau; father of the Israelites (Jews and Samaritans) by 12 sons by 4 consorts, most famously Judah and Joseph who fathered Manasseh; was renamed to Israel.

Jacob's ladder Jacob's ladders n
wielosił
A flowering plant of the genus Polemonium.
drabina Jakuba
A high-voltage electrical device, often used as a visual effect in old movies, which has a pair of vertical electrodes that form an arc between them starting at the bottom, rising to the top, then repeating.

Jacqueline /ˈdʒækəlɪn/ pn
Jakubina
A en given name.

Jaffa /ˈd͡ʒæfə/ /ˈd͡ʒɑfə/ pn
Jafa
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Jaffa cake Jaffa cakes n
delicja
(chiefly, British) A small, biscuit-like cake with a base of firm sponge, a layer of orange jelly, and a chocolate covering.

Jaffna pn
Dżafna
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Jain /d͡ʒaɪn/ /d͡ʒeɪn/ adj
dżinijski
Of or pertaining to Jainism.

Jain /d͡ʒaɪn/ /d͡ʒeɪn/ Jains n
dżinista dżinistka
An adherent or follower of Jainism.

Jainism /ˈd͡ʒeɪnɪzm̩/ pn
dżinizm
(philosophy) A nontheistic heterodox Indian philosophy

Jair /dʒəˈiɹ/ pn
Jair
A en given name of biblical origin.

Jakarta /d͡ʒəˈkɑː(ɹ)tə/ pn
Dżakarta
(metonym) The Indonesian government.

Jakartan adj
dżakarcki
Of, from, or pertaining to, Jakarta

Jalal-Abad pn
Dżalalabad
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Jalalabad pn
Dżalalabad
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Jalandhar pn
Dźalandhar
The district in the state of Punjab in northern India which contains this city.

Jamahiriya n
dżamahirijja
(historical) State of the masses; people's republic; the form of the Libyan state ruled by Muammar Gaddafi from 1977-2011, during which time it was known first as the Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya then as the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya.

Jamaica /d͡ʒəˈmeɪ.kə/ pn
Jamajka
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Jamaican /d͡ʒəˈmeɪkən/ adj
jamajski
Of, from, or pertaining to Jamaica, the Jamaican people or the Jamaican language.

Jamaican /d͡ʒəˈmeɪkən/ Jamaicans n
Jamajczyk Jamajka
A person from Jamaica or of Jamaican descent.

James /d͡ʒeɪmz/ Jameses pn
Jakub List Jakuba
(biblical) The twentieth book of the New Testament of the Bible, the general epistle of James.
Jakub
One of two Apostles, James the Greater and James the Less, often identified with James, brother of Jesus.

Jamila pn
Dżamila
A en given name

Jammu and Kashmir pn
Dżammu i Kaszmir
(now, historical) A princely state which governed the region of Kashmir, the territory of which is now de facto divided between China, India, and Pakistan.

Jan Mayen /jɑn ˈmaɪən/ pn
Jan Mayen
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Jane /d͡ʒeɪn/ Janes pn
Janina Joanna
A en given name, the standard feminine form of John since the 17th century.

January /ˈd͡ʒæn.j(ʊ.)ə.ɹi/ /ˈd͡ʒænjuˌæɹi/ /ˈd͡ʒænjuˌɛɹi/ /ˈd͡ʒænjəɹi/ /ˈd͡ʒænjʉˌeːɹi/ /ˈd͡ʒænɹi/ /ˈd͡ʒɪnəˌweɪɹi/ /ˈd͡ʒɪnəˌwɛəɹi/ Januaries Januarys pn
styczeń
The first month of the Gregorian calendar, following the December of the previous year and preceding February. Abbreviation: Jan or Jan.

Janus /ˈdʒæɪ̯nəs/ /ˈd͡ʒeɪnəs/ pn
Janus
(Roman god) The god of doorways, gates and transitions, and of beginnings and endings, having two faces looking in opposite directions.
A moon of Saturn.

Japan /d͡ʒəˈpæn/ pn
Japonia
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Japanese /ˌd͡ʒæpəˈniːz/ adj
japoński Japończyk
Of, relating to, or derived from Japan, its people, language, or culture.

Japanese /ˌd͡ʒæpəˈniːz/ Japanese Japaneses n
Japończyk Japonka
(countable, chiefly, in the plural) A person/people living in or coming from Japan, or of Japanese ancestry.

Japanese /ˌd͡ʒæpəˈniːz/ pn
japoński japońszczyzna
A language that is primarily spoken in East Asia and is the official language of Japan.

Japanese flying squid Japanese flying squids n
strzalik japoński
A species of squid, Todarodes pacificus, endemic to the north Pacific Ocean.

Japanese jack mackerel Japanese jack mackerels n
ostrobok japoński
Trachurus japonicus, of the fish family Carangidae,

Japanese knotweed n
rdestowiec ostrokończysty
A large, herbaceous perennial plant, Fallopia japonica, native to Asia; it is a highly invasive colonizer outside of its native territory.

Japanese macaque Japanese macaques n
makak japoński
A species of macaque, Macaca fuscata, native to Japan. [from 19th c.]

Japanese studies n
japonistyka
(humanities) An academic discipline that includes the study of literatures written in the Japanese language, Japanese linguistics, and Japanese sociolinguistics.

Japanese wagtail Japanese wagtails n
pliszka duza
A wagtail of species Motacilla grandis, family Motacillidae, native to Japan and Korea.

Japaneseness n
japońszczyzna
The quality of being Japanese.

Japanologist Japanologists n
japonista japonistka
One who studies Japanology.

Japheth /(d)ʒeɪ̯ˈfɛt/ /ˈdʒɛ̯ɪfɪf/ /ˈd͡ʒeɪfɛð/ /ˈd͡ʒeɪfɛθ/ /ˈd͡ʒeɪfɪθ/ pn
Jafet
(biblical character) The third son of Noah, brother to Shem and Ham, who received a blessing from God with Shem, considered to be the ancestor of the Japhetic people(s) (associated approx. with Indo-Europeans).

Jason /ˈdʒeɪsən/ Jasons pn
Jazon
(Greek mythology) The leader of the Argonauts, who retrieved the Golden Fleece from king Aeetes of Colchis, for his uncle Pelias.

Jassy pn
Jassy
(historical, or, archaic) TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Java /ˈd͡ʒɑːvə/ pn
Java
(computer language) An object-oriented, garbage-collected computer programming language.
Jawa
(computer language, proscribed) JavaScript, when no distinction is made between it and Java.

Java Sea pn
Morze Jawajskie
A sea north of the island of Java in Indonesia and south of Borneo.

Java sparrow Java sparrows n
ryżowiec siwy
A species of finch Padda oryzivora, native of Java, but very commonly kept as a cage bird.

JavaScript /ˈdʒɑː.və.skɹɪpt/ pn
JawaSkrypt
(computer language) A scripting programming language most commonly used to add interactive features to webpages.

Javan rhinoceros Javan rhinoceros Javan rhinoceroses n
nosorożec jawajski
A rhinoceros of species Rhinoceros sondaicus, in the family Rhinocerotidae.

Javanese /dʒɑː.vəˈniːz/ Javanese n
Jawajczyk Jawajka
A person belonging to the Javanese people (one of the indigenous groups native to Java island).

Javanese /dʒɑː.vəˈniːz/ pn
jawajski
An indigenous language spoken by Javanese people.

Jeannette /d͡ʒəˈnɛt/ pn
Żaneta
A en given name.

Jeddah pn
Dżudda
TemplateParserError:LuaError near Mecca.

Jedi /ˈd͡ʒɛd.aɪ/ Jedi n
Jedi
(scifi) One of a fictional order of beings from the Star Wars universe who are gifted with heightened awareness of the Force.

Jehoshaphat /d͡ʒəˈhoʊ.ʃəˌfæt/ /d͡ʒəˈhɒʃ.ə.fæt/ /d͡ʒɪˈhɒʃ.ə.fæt/ pn
Jozafat
(biblical character) A en given name

Jehovah /d͡ʒəˈhoʊvə/ pn
Jehowa
(religion) The personal name of God in the Hebrew Scriptures; in Hebrew, יהוה

Jehovah's Witness Jehovah's Witnesses n
świadek Jehowy jehowy
A member of a monotheistic and nontrinitarian Restoration Christian denomination founded by Charles Taze Russell in 1879 as a small Bible study group. Originally known as International Bible Students or Bible Students.

Jehovah's Witnesses pn
Świadkowie Jehowy
A monotheistic and nontrinitarian Restoration Christian denomination founded by Charles Taze Russell in 1879 as a small Bible study group. Originally known as International Bible Students or Bible Students.

Jelenia Góra pn
Jelenia Góra
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Jelgava pn
Jełgawa
TemplateParserError:LuaError, the largest town in Semigallia.

Jena /ˈd͡ʒiːnə/ /ˈjeɪnə/ pn
Jena
TemplateParserError:LuaError, which was named after the German city.

Jephthah pn
Jefte
A judge described in the Book of Judges of the Old Testament and the Hebrew Tanakh.

Jeremiah /ˌd͡ʒɛɹəˈmaɪə/ pn
Jeremiasz Księga Jeremiasza
(biblical) A book of the Old Testament of Bible, and of the Tanakh.
Jeremiasz
A en given name of biblical origin.

Jericho /ˈd͡ʒɛɹɪkəʊ/ /ˈd͡ʒɛɹɪˌkoʊ/ pn
Jerycho
A historic suburb of the English city of Oxford.

Jerome /d͡ʒəˈɹəʊm/ pn
Hieronim
A en given name.

Jerusalem /d͡ʒəˈɹuːsələm/ /d͡ʒəˈɹuːzələm/ Jerusalems pn
Jerozolima Jeruzalem
A number of places elsewhere, usually named after the city in the Holy Land:

Jerusalem artichoke Jerusalem artichokes n
topinambur
A variety of sunflower, Helianthus tuberosus, native to North America, having yellow flower heads and edible tubers.

Jerusalem cross Jerusalem crosses n
krzyż jerozolimski
(heraldry) a cross variant consisting of a large cross potent surrounded by four smaller Greek crosses, one in each quadrant.

Jesse /ˈd͡ʒɛs.i/ Jesses pn
Jesse
(biblical character) The son of Obed and the father of king David.
A en given name of biblical origin.
A en given name.

Jessica /ˈd͡ʒɛsɪkə/ Jessicas pn
Dżesika Jessica
A en given name.

Jesuit /ˈd͡ʒɛz(j)uɪt/ /ˈd͡ʒɛzuɪt/ /ˈd͡ʒɛʒuɪt/ Jesuits n
jezuita jezuitka
(Catholicism) a member of the Society of Jesus

Jesuitic /ˌd͡ʒɛzjuˈɪtɪk/ more Jesuitic most Jesuitic adj
jezuicki

Jesus /heɪˈsuːs/ /hɛˈsuːs/ /ˈd͡ʒizəs/ /ˈd͡ʒiːzəs/ /ˈd͡ʒiːˌzʌs/ /ˈheɪsuːs/ /ˈhɛsuːs/ interjection
Jezus, Maria! o, Jezu!
(possibly, _, offensive) An exclamation, particularly used to express excitement or exasperation.

Jesus /heɪˈsuːs/ /hɛˈsuːs/ /ˈd͡ʒizəs/ /ˈd͡ʒiːzəs/ /ˈd͡ʒiːˌzʌs/ /ˈheɪsuːs/ /ˈhɛsuːs/ pn
Jezus
Jesus of Nazareth, a first-century Jewish religious preacher and craftsman (commonly understood to have been a carpenter, see Ancient Greek τέκτων (téktōn, “builder”)) from Galilee held to be a prophet, teacher, the son of God, and the Messiah, or Christ, in Christianity; also called "Jesus Christ" by Christians. Held to be a prophet by Muslims and Baháʼís.

Jesus Christ /ˌd͡ʒiːzəs ˈkɹaɪst/ pn
Jezus Chrystus
Jesus of Nazareth, a first-century Jewish religious preacher and craftsman (commonly understood to have been a carpenter, see Ancient Greek τέκτων (téktōn, “builder”)) from Galilee, held to be a prophet, teacher and the Messiah, or Christ, in Christianity. Held to be a prophet in Islam and the Baháʼí Faith.

Jethro /ˈd͡ʒɛθɹoʊ/ pn
Jetro
(biblical character) The father-in-law of Moses.

Jew /d͡ʒuʊ̯/ /d͡ʒuː/ Jewes Jews n
żyd Żyd Żydówka żydówka
A member or descendant of the Jewish people.

Jew's harp Jew's harps n
drumla
A musical instrument consisting of a flexible metal or bamboo “tongue” attached to a frame. This tongue is placed in the performer's mouth and plucked with the finger to produce a note of constant pitch. Melodies can be created by changing the shape of the mouth and causing different overtones.

Jew's-ear Jew's-ears n
uszak bzowy
A kind of edible fungus, Auricularia auricula-judae, growing on tree-trunks, formerly used for medicinal purposes.

Jewess Jewesses n
Żydówka żydówka
(dated, or, humorous) A female Jew.

Jewish /ˈd͡ʒuː.ɪʃ/ more Jewish most Jewish adj
żydowski
Being a Jew, or relating to Jews, their ethnicity, religion or culture.

Jewish Autonomous Oblast pn
Żydowski Obwód Autonomiczny
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Jewish Bolshevism n
żydokomuna
(derogatory) Soviet Communism (Marxism-Leninism) when viewed, usually by people on the right wing, as a Jewish political ideology; Judeo-Bolshevism.

Jewry /ˈd͡ʒuːɹi/ Jewries n
żydostwo
(historical) The quarter of a town or city inhabited either partially or exclusively by Jews; historically, its main buildings were the synagogue, the ritual bath or mikve, the kosher-oriented butchery and bakery, etc. [from 17th c.]

Jezebel /ˈd͡ʒɛzəˌbɛl/ pn
Izebel
(biblical character) The Phoenician princess and Queen of Ancient Israel who appears in the Old Testament (1 Kings & 2 Kings). She incited heresy and lured the Jews away from their God and back to idols.

Jiangshanian n
Tremadok

Jicarilla pn
jicarilla
An Athabascan language spoken by the Jicarilla people.

Joachim /joʊ.əˈkiːm/ /ˈd͡ʒoʊ.ə.kɪm/ /ˈd͡ʒəʊ.ə.kɪm/ /ˈjoʊ.kɪm/ pn
Joachim
A en given name, always rare in English.

Joanna /ˌd͡ʒoʊˈænə/ pn
Joanna
(biblical character) One of the women following Jesus.

Job /d͡ʒɒb/ /d͡ʒɔb/ /d͡ʒəʊb/ pn
Księga Hioba Hiob Job
(biblical) A book of the Old Testament and the Hebrew Tanakh.
Hiob Job
(biblical character) A character in the Old Testament and the Qur'an, renowned for his patience.

Job's comforter Job's comforters n
pocieszyciel Hioba
A person who, in trying to offer help or advice, says something that simply adds to the distress.

Job's news n
hiobowa wieść
Very bad news.

Joe /d͡ʒoʊ/ /d͡ʒəʊ/ pn
Józio
A diminutive of the en given names Joseph, Josiah, Joel or Josias.

Joe Average Joe Averages n
Jan Kowalski
(idiomatic) A hypothetical average or generic individual; the common man (or person, by extension).

Joel /d͡ʒoʊˈɛl/ /d͡ʒəʊˈɛl/ /ˈd͡ʒoʊ(ə)l/ /ˈd͡ʒəʊ(ə)l/ pn
Joel Księga Joela
A en given name.
Księga Joela
(biblical) A book of the Old Testament and the Hebrew Tanakh.

Johannesburg /d͡ʒoʊˈhænɪsbɜːrɡ/ /d͡ʒoʊˈhɑːnɪsbɜːrɡ/ /d͡ʒœʊ̯ˈhɛnɨsbøːɡ/ pn
Johannesburg
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

John /d͡ʒɑn/ /d͡ʒɒn/ Johns pn
Jan Iwan
A en given name; very popular since the Middle Ages.
(biblical) Persons of the Christian Bible: John the Baptist; and names possibly referring to one, two or three persons, frequently called "Saint": John the Apostle, John the Evangelist and John of Patmos (also called John the Divine or John the Theologian).
Ewangelia (wg św.) Jana
(biblical) The Gospel of St. John, a book of the New Testament of the Bible. Traditionally the fourth of the four gospels.
List (św.) Jana Jan
(biblical) One of the books in the New Testament of the Bible, the epistles of John (1 John, 2 John and 3 John).

John Doe John Does n
Jan Kowalski Kowalski
Any unknown or anonymous male person.

John Doe pn
NN
A fictitious name used in legal documents for an unknown or anonymous male person.

John Dory John Dories n
paszczak piotrosz
An edible marine fish (Zeus faber or Zeus ocellata), having long dorsal spines.

John the Baptist pn
Jan Chrzciciel Jan Baptysta
A New Testament prophet who baptized Jesus and was subsequently executed by Herod Antipas.

Johnny /ˈd͡ʒɑni/ /ˈd͡ʒɒni/ pn
Jaś
A diminutive of the en given name John.

Johnny-come-lately /ˌdʒɑːni.kʌmˈleɪtli/ /ˌdʒɒni.kʌmˈleɪtli/ Johnnies-come-lately Johnny-come-latelies n
nowicjusz nowicjuszka żółtodziób
(idiomatic, also, attributive) A newcomer; a novice; an upstart.

Johnson /ˈd͡ʒɑnsən/ /ˈd͡ʒɒnsən/ Johnsons pn
Janowicz
A common surname transferred from the given name. The second most common surname in the United States.

Jolly Roger /ˌdʒɑli ˈɹɑdʒɚ/ /ˌdʒɒli ˈɹɒdʒə/ Jolly Rogers n
bandera piratów
The traditional flag used on European and American pirate ships, and, more recently, by submarine crews, often pictured as a white skull and crossbones on a black field; the blackjack. [from early 18th c.]

Jonah /ˈd͡ʒoʊnə/ /ˈd͡ʒəʊnə/ pn
Jonasz Księga Jonasza
A en given name.
(biblical) A minor prophet who was cast into the sea and swallowed by a great fish.
Księga Jonasza Jonasz
A book of the Old Testament and the Hebrew Tanakh.
The 10th sura (chapter) of the Qur'an.

Jonathan /ˈd͡ʒɑnəθən/ /ˈd͡ʒɒnəθən/ Jonathans pn
Jonatan
A en given name of biblical origin.

Jonava pn
Janów

Jordan /ˈd͡ʒɔɹdən/ /ˈd͡ʒɔːdən/ /ˈd͡ʒɝdn̩/ /ˈd͡ʒɝdən/ Jordans pn
Jordania Jordan
The name of other rivers around the world, listed under Jordan River (disambiguation).
Jordan
A surname transferred from the given name derived from the male given name.

Jordanian /d͡ʒɔɹˈdeɪniən/ /d͡ʒɔːˈdeɪnɪən/ adj
jordański
Of, from, or pertaining to Jordan or the Jordanian people.

Jordanian /d͡ʒɔɹˈdeɪniən/ /d͡ʒɔːˈdeɪnɪən/ Jordanians n
Jordańczyk Jordanka
A person from Jordan or of Jordanian descent.

Joseph /ˈd͡ʒoʊsəf/ /ˈd͡ʒoʊzəf/ /ˈd͡ʒəʊzəf/ Josephs pn
Józef
(biblical) Eleventh and favorite son of Jacob, by his wife Rachel.
The husband of Virgin Mary.
A en given name
Józef z Arymatei
(Christianity) Joseph of Arimathea; man who donated his own prepared tomb for the burial of Jesus.

Josephine /ˈd͡ʒoʊ.sə.fiːn/ /ˈd͡ʒoʊ.zə.fiːn/ /ˈd͡ʒəʊ.sə.fiːn/ /ˈd͡ʒəʊ.zə.fiːn/ pn
Józefina
A en given name

Joshua /ˈd͡ʒɒʃ(j)uːə/ pn
Księga Jozuego Jozue
The sixth book of the Old Testament of Bible, and a book of the Tanakh.
Jozue Księga Jozuego
A en given name.

Joshua tree Joshua trees n
drzewo Jozuego
A tree-like yucca, Yucca brevifolia, of the southwestern United States, with spiky leaves.

Josiah /d͡ʒoʊˈzaɪə/ pn
Jozjasz
(biblical character) A king of Judah.

Joule heating n
prawo Joula

Jovian /ˈd͡ʒoʊ.vi.ən/ /ˈd͡ʒəʊ.vi.ən/ more Jovian most Jovian adj
jowiszowy
(Roman mythology) Pertaining to the Roman god Jove or Jupiter (the counterpart of the Greek god Zeus); Jove-like; befitting Jupiter.

Jovian /ˈd͡ʒoʊ.vi.ən/ /ˈd͡ʒəʊ.vi.ən/ Jovians n
Jowiszanin Jowiszanka
(chiefly, science fiction) An imaginary inhabitant of the planet Jupiter.

Joycean /ˈd͡ʒɔɪsi.ən/ /ˈd͡ʒɔɪsɪ.ən/ more Joycean most Joycean adj
joyce'owski
Of or pertaining to James Joyce (1882–1941) or his writings.

Jr. adj
junior
A title used after a son's name when his father has the same name.

Juba pn
Dżuba
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Juche /ˈd͡ʒuːt͡ʃeɪ/ n
dżucze
The state ideology of North Korea.

Judah /ˈd͡ʒuː.də/ pn
Juda
(biblical character) The fourth son of Jacob, by his wife Leah; the father of Perez.
(biblical) The southern Israelite kingdom which continued to be ruled by the Davidic dynasty after Solomon's death and the breakup of the united monarchy, with the northern portion keeping the name Israel.
A en given name.

Judaism /d͡ʒuˈdeɪˌɪz.əm/ /ˈd͡ʒuː.deɪˌɪz.əm/ /ˈd͡ʒuː.diˌɪz.əm/ /ˈd͡ʒuː.dəˌɪz.əm/ /ˈd͡ʒuːˌdeɪ.ɪz.əm/ Judaisms pn
judaizm
An Abrahamic religion tracing its origin to the Hebrew people of the ancient Middle East, as documented in their religious writings, the Tanakh.

Judaization Judaizations n
judaizacja
The act of Judaizing; a conforming to the Jewish religion or culture.

Judas /ˈd͡ʒuːdəs/ Judases n
judasz
A traitor; a person not to be trusted.

Judas /ˈd͡ʒuːdəs/ pn
Judasz List Judy
(biblical character) One of the twelve original Apostles of Jesus, known for his role in Jesus' betrayal into the hands of Roman authorities.
List Judy Judasz
(biblical, archaic) Alternative form of Jude, the penultimate book of the Bible and its ascribed author, Jude the Apostle.

Judas kiss Judas kisses n
judaszowy pocałunek pocałunek Judasza
Any act of treachery under the guise of kindness.

Judas tree Judas trees n
judaszowiec południowy judaszowiec wschodni
A small deciduous tree, Cercis siliquastrum, noted for its prolific display of deep-pink flowers in spring.

Judea /d͡ʒuˈdeɪ.ə/ /d͡ʒuˈdiːə/ pn
Judea Juda
Roman rendition of Judah. Used after the fall of the Davidic dynasty and through the period as part of the Roman Empire.

Judean /d͡ʒuˈdiː.ən/ more Judean most Judean adj
judzki
Pertaining to Judea.

Judean /d͡ʒuˈdiː.ən/ Judeans n
Judejczyk Judejka
A native or inhabitant of Judea.

Judges pn
Księga Sędziów
(biblical) The seventh book of the Old Testament, and a book of the Hebrew Tanakh.

Judith /ˈd͡ʒuːdɪθ/ pn
Judyta
A en given name
Księga Judyty
The protagonist of the Biblical book of Judith.

Julia /ˈd͡ʒuːli.ə/ Julias pn
Julia
A en given name.

Julian /d͡ʒuː.liˈæn/ /ˈd͡ʒuː.li.ən/ adj
juliański
Of or relating to Julius Caesar.

Juliet /ˈd͡ʒuliət/ /ˈd͡ʒuːlɪɛt/ /ˌd͡ʒuliˈɛt/ pn
Julita
A en given name.
Julia
One of the main characters of William Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet.
(astronomy) The sixth moon of the planet Uranus.

Julius /ˈd͡ʒuːliəs/ /ˈd͡ʒuːljəs/ /ˈd͡ʒuːləs/ pn
Juliusz Julek
A en given name.

July /d͡ʒuˈlaɪ/ /d͡ʒəˈlaɪ/ /d͡ʒʊˈlaɪ/ Julies Julys pn
lipiec
The seventh month of the Gregorian calendar, following June and preceding August. Abbreviation: Jul or Jul.

June /d͡ʒjuːn/ /d͡ʒuːn/ Junes pn
czerwiec
The sixth month of the Gregorian calendar, following May and preceding July. Abbreviation: Jun or Jun.

Juno /ˈd͡ʒunoʊ/ pn
Junona
(Roman god) The queen of the gods, equivalent of the Greek Hera.

Jupiter /ˈd͡ʒupɪtɚ/ [ˈd͡ʒupɪɾɚ] pn
Jowisz Jupiter
(Roman god) The King of the Gods, also called Jove. Equivalent to the Greek Zeus, Jupiter was one of the children of Saturn. As supreme god of the Roman pantheon, Jupiter was the god of thunder, lightning, and storms, and appropriately called the god of light and sky.
TemplateParserError:LuaError, named after the planet.

Jura /ˈd͡ʒʊəɹə/ /ˈd͡ʒʊɹə/ pn
Jura
The Jura Mountains, TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError. [Created 1790.]
TemplateParserError:LuaError. [Created 1979.]

Jurassic /d͡ʒʊˈɹæs.ɪk/ adj
jurajski
(geology) Of or pertaining to the second period of the Mesozoic era, a time still dominated by dinosaurs.
Of or pertaining to the people or region near the Jura Mountain Range of Europe.

Jurassic /d͡ʒʊˈɹæs.ɪk/ pn
jura
(geology, paleontology) The period from 201.3±0.2 to 145 million years ago, after the Triassic and before the Cretaceous; the geologic systems of this period.

Jurchen Jurchen Jurchens n
dżurdżen dżurdżenka
A member of a medieval and early modern Tungusic people, progenitors of the Manchus.

Justice of the Peace Justices of the Peace n
sędzia pokoju sędzina pokoju
A judicial officer with varying responsibilities depending on the jurisdiction.

Justin /ˈd͡ʒʌs.tɪn/ pn
Justyn
A en given name. Popular in the English-speaking world since the 1970s.

Justine pn
Justyna
A en given name.
A en given name.

Jute /d͡ʒuːt/ /juːt/ Jutes n
Jut
A member of the Germanic tribe that existed in modern-day Denmark that invaded England about the same time as the Angles and the Saxons in the beginning of the Middle Ages, but were eventually integrated by the time of the Norman Conquest.

Jutland /ˈd͡ʒʌt.lənd/ pn
Jutlandia Półwysep Jutlandzki
TemplateParserError:LuaError (depending on the definition of the southern boundary also Germany).

Jörmungandr /-mʊn-/ /-ˌɡænd-/ /ˈjɔɹmunˌɡɑndɹ̩/ pn
Jormungand
(Norse mythology) The World Serpent or Midgard Serpent, an offspring of Loki, which is thrown into the ocean by Odin but grows to encircle the world, and is finally slain during Ragnarok by Thor, who then succumbs to its poisonous breath.

Jūrmala pn
Jurmała
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

K /keɪ/ [kʰeɪ] Ks n
K
(baseball) On a baseball scorecard, a frontwards K signifies striking out while swinging the bat, while a backwards K signifies striking out while looking.

K-pop n
K-pop
(music genre) South Korean pop music influenced by Western styles.

K2 /keɪˈtuː/ pn
Czogori K2
TemplateParserError:LuaError

KGB pn
KGB
(historical) The Committee for State Security of the Soviet Union (the Soviet security service).
The security service of Belarus.

Kaaba /ˈkɑːbə/ pn
Kaaba
The nearly cubical stone temple in Mecca, the holiest place in Islam and site of the great hajj assembly

Kabardian /kəˈbɑː(ɹ)diən/ pn
kabardyjski
A North Caucasian language spoken in Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia, also known as East Circassian.

Kabardino-Balkariya pn
Kabardo-Bałkaria
TemplateParserError:LuaError located in the Northern Caucasus mountains.

Kabballah pn
kabała
(Judaism) A body of mystical Jewish teachings based on an esoteric reading of the Hebrew scriptures.

Kabul /ˈkɑːbəl/ pn
Kabul
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kabyle /kəˈbaɪl/ Kabyles n
Kabyl Kabylka
A member of a Berber ethnic group inhabiting Algeria and Tunisia, speaking the Kabyle language.

Kabyle /kəˈbaɪl/ pn
kabylski
A Northern Berber language of the Berber branch of the Afroasiatic language family, spoken by over 3,000,000 people in Algeria; native name Taqbaylit.

Kachin pn
Kaczin
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kadiivka pn
Kadyjewka
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kadzidło pn
Kadzidło
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kafkaesque /ˌkæfkəˈɛsk/ /ˌkæfkəˈɹɛsk/ /ˌkɑfkəˈɛsk/ more Kafkaesque most Kafkaesque adj
kafkowski
Marked by a senseless, disorienting, often menacing complexity.

Kaharlyk pn
Kaharłyk
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kaiser /ˈkaɪzə(ɹ)/ /ˈkaɪzɚ/ Kaisers n
kajzer
An emperor of a German-speaking country, particularly the Holy Roman Empire (962–1806), the Austrian Empire/Austria-Hungary (1806–1918), or the German Empire (1871–1918) — often specifically Wilhelm II.

Kaiser roll Kaiser rolls n
kajzerka
A typically crusty round bread roll supposedly invented in Vienna, made from flour, barm, malt, water, and salt, and whose characteristic feature is a five-spoked propeller- or pinwheel-like star on its obverse.

Kakhovka pn
Kachowka
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Kalash n
Kalasze
A Dardic indigenous group residing in the Chitral District of the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. They speak the Kalasha language.

Kalashnikov /kəˈlæʃ.nɪˌkɒf/ /kəˈlæʃnəˌkɑf/ pn
kałasznikow kałach kałasz
A particular model of Russian assault rifle.

Kali /ˈkæli/ /ˈkɑːli/ pn
Kali
(Hinduism) A goddess in Hinduism, one of the most significant figures within that religion, who destroys evil forces and bestows liberation.

Kaliningrad /kəˈlinɪnɡræd/ /kəˈliːnɪnɡrad/ pn
Kaliningrad Królewiec
TemplateParserError:LuaError; an exclave on the Baltic Sea, between Poland and Lithuania.
TemplateParserError:LuaError, formerly called Königsberg.

Kalmiuske pn
Kalmiuskie
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kalmyk adj
kałmucki
Of, or pertaining to, Kalmykia

Kalmyk Kalmyks n
Kałmuczka Kałmuk
Someone from Kalmykia.

Kalmyk pn
(język) kałmucki
A Mongolic language, spoken in and around Kalmykia in Russia.

Kalmykia pn
Kałmucja
A republic of Russia in the south-west of the country, with capital Elista.

Kalush pn
Kałusz
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kalynivka pn
Kalinówka
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Kamchadal Kamchadals n
Kamczadał
A member of the ethnic group who are the original inhabitants of the Kamchatka peninsula in Russia.

Kamchatka pn
Kraj Kamczacki
TemplateParserError:LuaError, lying between the Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Okhotsk.
Kamczatka Kraj Kamczacki
TemplateParserError:LuaError, in the Russian Far East.

Kamchatkan more Kamchatkan most Kamchatkan adj
kamczacki

Kamianets-Podilskyi pn
Kamieniec Podolski
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kamianka pn
Kamionka Kamjanka
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kamianka-Buzka pn
Kamionka Bużańska
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kamianka-Dniprovska pn
Kamionka Dnieprzańska
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kamianske pn
Kamieńskie
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kamin-Kashyrskyi pn
Kamień Koszyrski
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kampuchea /kæmpəˈt͡ʃiːə/ pn
Kampucza
, used from 1975 to 1989.

Kandahar pn
Kandahar
TemplateParserError:LuaError around the city.

Kangchenjunga /-ˈd͡ʒʊŋ-/ /ˌkʌn-/ /ˌkʌŋt͡ʃənˈd͡ʒʌŋɡə/ pn
Kanczendzonga
A Himalayan mountain between Nepal and India, the third highest in the world.

Kaniv pn
Kaniów
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Kannada /ˈkænədə/ /ˈkɑːnədə/ n
kannada
The Dravidian language that is the official language of the state of Karnataka, India.

Kansas /ˈkæn.zəs/ Kansases pn
Kansas
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kansas City /ˌkænzəˈsɪti/ [kæ̃ˈsɪɾi] pn
Kansas City
A large metropolitan area straddling the border between Kansas and Missouri, USA. Kansas City is split into two separate cities:

Kantian more Kantian most Kantian adj
kantowski
(philosophy) Of, pertaining to, or resembling the philosophical views of Immanuel Kant (1724-1804).

Kantian Kantians n
kantysta kantystka
(philosophy) A person who subscribes to philosophical views associated with Immanuel Kant.

Kantianism /ˈkæntɪənɪzəm/ pn
kantyzm
(philosophy) The philosophical system of Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) and his followers; also called transcendental idealism.

Kaohsiung /ˈkaʊ ˈʃjʊŋ/ /ˈɡaʊ ˈʃjʊŋ/ pn
Kaohsiung
TemplateParserError:LuaError, and the third largest city in Taiwan.

Karachay-Cherkessia pn
Karaczajo-Czerkiesja
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Karachi /kəˈrɑːt͡ʃi/ pn
Karaczi
TemplateParserError:LuaError, situated along the Arabian Sea. It is the largest city in Pakistan.

Karaganda /kæɹəˈɡændə/ /kɑɹəˈɡɑndə/ pn
Karaganda
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Karelia /kəˈɹeɪlɪə/ /kəˈɹiːlɪə/ /kəˈɹɛlɪə/ pn
Karelia Republika Karelii
A region to the north of Saint Petersburg in Russia and Finland.

Karelian adj
karelski
Of, or pertaining to, Karelia or its people, culture or language.

Karelian Karelians n
Karel Karelka
Someone from Karelia.

Karelian pn
karelski
A language closely related to Finnish, spoken in Karelia, Russia and Finland.

Karen /ˈkæɹən/ /ˈkɛɹən/ Karens n
Karyna
(slang, originally, AAVE, derogatory) A middle-aged white woman exhibiting a sense of entitlement or white privilege.

Karlivka pn
Karliwka Karlówka
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Karlovac pn
Karlovac
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Karnataka /kɑːɹˈnɑːtəkə/ /kəɹˈnɑːtəkə/ pn
Karnataka
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kartvelian studies n
Kartwelistyka kartwelologia
(humanities) a field of humanities covering Kartvelian history, languages, religion and/or culture

Karu pn
język baniwa
An Arawakan language spoken in South America.

Kashan /kɑːʃɑːn/ pn
Kaszan
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kashgar pn
Kaszgar
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kashmir /kæʃ.ˈmiɹ/ /kæʒ.ˈmiɹ/ /ˈkæʃ.miɹ/ /ˈkæʒ.miɹ/ pn
Kaszmir
A region of the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, located between (and de facto divided between) China, India, and Pakistan.

Kashmiri /kæʃˈmiɹi/ adj
kaszmirski
Of or pertaining to the people or region of Kashmir or the Kashmiri language.

Kashmiri /kæʃˈmiɹi/ Kashmiris n
Kaszmirczyk Kaszmirka
A native or resident of Kashmir, or a descendant of such a person.

Kashmiri /kæʃˈmiɹi/ pn
kaszmirski
The Dardic Indo-Aryan language spoken in Kashmir.

Kashub Kashubs n
Kaszub Kaszuba Kaszubka
A member of a West Slavic ethnic group of north-central Poland.

Kashubia pn
Kaszuby

Kashubian /kəˈʃuːbɪən/ adj
kaszubski
Of or relating to the Kashubian people and their language.

Kashubian /kəˈʃuːbɪən/ Kashubians n
Kaszub Kaszuba Kaszubka
A member of the Kashubian people; a person from Kashubia.

Kashubian /kəˈʃuːbɪən/ pn
kaszubski
A Slavic language spoken in the Pomeranian region of Poland.

Kasimovian pn
kasimow
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Carboniferous period.

Katharevousa /ˌkaθəˈɹɛvuːsə/ /ˌkɑθəˈɹɛvusɑ/ /ˌkɑθəˈɹɛvəsɑ/ pn
katharewusa
A learned, archaising form of Modern Greek, based on Classical Greek and used for formal and official purposes; it was legally displaced as the official language of Greece in 1976 by Demotic Greek.

Kathmandu /ˌkætmænˈduː/ pn
Katmandu
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Katian pn
Kat
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Ordovician period.

Katikkiro Katikkiros n
Katikkiro

Katowice /ˌkatəˈviːtsə/ /ˌkɑtəˈvitsə/ pn
Katowice
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Katyusha Katyushas n
katiusza
A type of artillery rocket launcher consisting of an array of rockets mounted on a truck, originated in the Soviet Union.

Kaunas pn
Kowno
The second largest city of Lithuania.

Kavala pn
Kawala
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kazakh /kəˈzak/ /kəˈzɑk/ /kəˈzɑːk/ /ˈkazak/ adj
kazachski
Of, from, or pertaining to Kazakhstan, the Kazakh people or the Kazakh language.

Kazakh /kəˈzak/ /kəˈzɑk/ /kəˈzɑːk/ /ˈkazak/ Kazakhs n
Kazach Kazaszka
(countable) A person from Kazakhstan or of that descent.
kazachski
(uncountable) The national language of Kazakhstan.

Kazakhstan /ˈkæzəkstæn/ /ˈkæzəkˌstæn/ /ˈkɑzəkˌstæn/ /ˈkɑzəkˌstɑn/ /ˈkɑːzəkstɑːn/ pn
Kazachstan
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kazakhstani more Kazakhstani most Kazakhstani adj
kazachstański
Of or pertaining to Kazakhstan, its people and culture

Kazakhstani Kazakhstanis n
Kazachstanka Kazachstańczyk
A native or inhabitant of Kazakhstan

Kazan pn
Kazań
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
(historical) the Khanate of Kazan, a Tatar Turkic state that occupied the territory of former Volga Bulgaria between 1438 and 1552.

Kelmentsi pn
Kelmieńce

Kemerovo pn
Kemerowo
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kent /kɛnt/ pn
Kent
TemplateParserError:LuaError bordered by East Sussex, Surrey, Greater London, the North Sea and the English Channel.

Kentish plover Kentish plovers n
sieweczka morska
Charadrius alexandrinus, a small wader that breeds in a wide range, from southern Europe to Japan and in Ecuador, Peru, Chile, the southern United States and the Caribbean, but not including Kent.

Kentucky /kənˈtʌki/ /kɛnˈtʌki/ pn
Kentucky
TemplateParserError:LuaError; largest city: Louisville. Formally known as the Commonwealth of Kentucky, one of four such states known as Commonwealths.

Kenya /ˈkiːn.jə/ /ˈkɛn.jə/ [ˈkɛ.ɲa] pn
Kenia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kenyan adj
kenijski
Of, from, or pertaining to Kenya or the Kenyan people.

Kerch pn
Kercz
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Ket pn
ketyjski
The Yeniseian language of these people.

Khabarovsk /ˈkɑbəɹɑfsk/ /ˈkɑːbəɹɒfsk/ pn
Chabarowsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError, in the Russian Far East.

Khabarovsk Krai pn
Kraj Chabarowski
TemplateParserError:LuaError, in the Russian Far East.

Khakas n
Chakas Chakaska
A Yenisei Turkic language spoken by the Khakas people.

Khakassia pn
Chakasja
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Khan Tengri pn
Chan Tengri
A mountain of the Tian Shan mountain range in Inner and Central Asia.

Khanty Khanty n
Chanci Chanta Chantyjka
A member of an indigenous ethnic group living in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia.

Khanty pn
chantyjski
The Ob-Ugric language spoken by these people, now more often considered a group of closely related languages.

Khanty-Mansiysk pn
Chanty-Mansyjsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Kharkiv /hɑɹˈkiv/ /hɑːˈkiːv/ /kɑɹˈkiv/ /kɑːˈkiːv/ /ˈhɑɹkiv/ /ˈhɑɹkɪv/ /ˈhɑːkiːv/ /ˈhɑːkɪv/ /ˈkɑɹkiv/ /ˈkɑɹkɪv/ /ˈkɑːkiːv/ /ˈkɑːkɪv/ /ˈxɑɹkiv/ /ˈxɑːkiːv/ pn
Charków Obwód charkowski
(city) TemplateParserError:LuaError.
Obwód charkowski
(district) TemplateParserError:LuaError.
(province) TemplateParserError:LuaError.
(river) TemplateParserError:LuaError.
(asteroid) Kharkiv: Ellipsis of Asteroid Kharkiv.; TemplateParserError:LuaError; the 9167th asteroid registered

Kharkivian more Kharkivian most Kharkivian adj
charkowski
Of or associated with the city of TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Khartoum /kɑː(ɹ)ˈtuːm/ pn
Chartum
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Khartsyzk pn
Charcysk

Khashoggi Khashoggis pn
Chaszukdżi
A surname.

Khazar /kəˈzɑː/ /kəˈzɑːɹ/ Khazar Khazars n
Chazar Chazarka
A member of a semi-nomadic Turkic tribe that occupied a large part of southwestern Russia and Ukraine (Khazaria).

Kherson /hɜː(ɹ)ˈsɔːn/ /kɜː(ɹ)ˈsɔːn/ /xɜː(ɹ)ˈsɔːn/ pn
Chersoń Obwód chersoński
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError. It is also claimed by Russia.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Khersonite adj
chersoński
Of or relating to the city of Kherson, Ukraine.

Khinalug pn
chinalugijski
A Northeast Caucasian language spoken mainly in the villages of Khinalug and Qalayxudat just north of Quba (Quba Rayon, Azerbaijan).

Khmelnytskyi /k(ə)mɛlˈnɪtski/ /x(ə)mɛlˈnɪtski/ pn
Chmielnicki
TemplateParserError:LuaError
Bohdan Khmelnytsky (c. 1595–1657), a Ukrainian Cossack hetman who led an uprising against the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and signed the Treaty of Pereyaslav with Czar Alexis I of Russia.
Chmielnicki Obwód chmielnicki
Khmelnytskyi province (oblast), in south-eastern Ukraine.

Khmer /kəˈmɛə(ɹ)/ /ˈkmɛə(ɹ)/ [kʰəˈmɛɹ] more Khmer most Khmer adj
khmerski
Of or pertaining to the Khmer people or their language.

Khmer /kəˈmɛə(ɹ)/ /ˈkmɛə(ɹ)/ [kʰəˈmɛɹ] Khmer Khmers n
Khmer khmerski Khmerka
A member of an ethnolinguistic group that constitutes most of the population of Cambodia.

Khmer Rouge /kəˈmɛəɹ ˈɹuːʒ/ /ˈkmɛəɹ ˈɹuːʒ/ pn
Czerwoni Khmerzy
(historical) A Cambodian communist guerrilla force active from the 1970s to the 1990s under the leadership of Pol Pot.

Khmilnyk pn
Chmielnik
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Khodoriv pn
Chodorów
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Khodorkovsky pn
Chodorkowska Chodorkowski
A transliteration of the Russian surname Ходорко́вский (Xodorkóvskij).

Khorasan pn
Chorasan
(historical) The Sassanian and post-Islamic Persian name for the region of Parthia located in north east of Persia (Iran), sometimes covering also parts of Central Asia and Afghanistan; the Greater Khorasan.

Khorol pn
Chorol

Khorostkiv pn
Chorostków
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Khotyn pn
Chocim Chotyn

Khrestivka pn
Chrestiwka

Khrushchev /-t͡ʃɒv/ /-t͡ʃɛv/ /ˈkruːʃ-/ /ˈkrʊʃ.t͡ʃɒf/ pn
Chruszczow
English transliteration of the Russian surname Хрущёв; usually refers to the Russian revolutionary and Soviet Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU(b) Nikita Khrushchev.

Khrushchevian more Khrushchevian most Khrushchevian adj
chruszczowowski

Khrustalnyi pn
Chrustalnyj
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Khrystynivka pn
Chrystyniwka Chrystynówka

Khujand pn
Chodżent
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Khust pn
Chust
TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Khyriv pn
Chyrów
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Kiel pn
Kilonia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kielce pn
Kielce
TemplateParserError:LuaError, the capital of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship.

Kierkegaardian /ˌkɪəkəˈɡɑːdɪ.ən/ /ˌkɪɹkəˈɡɑɹdi.ən/ more Kierkegaardian most Kierkegaardian adj
kierkegaardowski
(philosophy) Of or pertaining to the Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855) or his existentialist philosophy.

Kierz pn
Kierz
TemplateParserError:LuaError
Various villages in Poland:

Kievan Rus pn
Ruś Kijowska
(historical) A medieval principality in Eastern Europe centred around Kiev; considered an early predecessor of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus.

Kihnu pn
Kihnu
An island in the Gulf of Riga, the seventh largest island of Estonia.

Kikuyu Kikuyu Kikuyus n
Kikuju
A member of a Bantu people of Kenya.

Kikuyu pn
kikuju
The language of this people.

Kiliia pn
Kilia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kilimanjaro /ˌkɪləmənˈd͡ʒɑɹoʊ/ /ˌkɪlɪmənˈd͡ʒɑːɹəʊ/ pn
Kilimandżaro
A volcano in Tanzania, the highest peak in Africa at 5,895 meters (19,321 feet).

Killing Fields pn
pola śmierci
A number of sites in Cambodia where mass slaughter of some 2,000,000 people was carried out by the Khmer Rouge in the late 1970s.

Kimmeridgian pn
kimeryd
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Jurassic period.

King Arthur pn
Król Artur
A legendary king of Britain, said to have led the defence of Britain against Saxon invaders in the early 6th century.

King Kong pn
King Kong
A fictional giant ape, the eponymous star of several movies.

Kingdom Hall Kingdom Halls n
sala królestwa
A place where Jehovah's Witnesses meet for fellowship and worship.

Kingdom of Bahrain pn
Królestwo Bahrajnu
The official name of Bahrain.

Kingdom of Belgium pn
Królestwo Belgii
The official name of Belgium.

Kingdom of Bhutan pn
Królestwo Bhutanu
The official name of Bhutan.

Kingdom of Cambodia pn
Królestwo Kambodży
The official name of Cambodia.

Kingdom of Denmark pn
Królestwo Danii
The official name of Denmark, including Greenland and the Faroe Islands.

Kingdom of England pn
Królestwo Anglii
TemplateParserError:LuaError, until the foundation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain on 1 May 1707.

Kingdom of Great Britain pn
Królestwo Wielkiej Brytanii

Kingdom of Italy pn
Królestwo Włoch Królestwo Włoskie

Kingdom of Morocco pn
Królestwo Marokańskie
The official name of Morocco.

Kingdom of Norway pn
Królestwo Norwegii
The official name of Norway.

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia pn
Królestwo Arabii Saudyjskiej
The official name of Saudi Arabia.

Kingdom of Scotland pn
Królestwo Szkocji
TemplateParserError:LuaError, until the foundation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain on the First of May 1707.

Kingdom of Spain pn
Królestwo Hiszpanii
The official name of Spain.

Kingdom of Sweden pn
Królestwo Szwecji
The official name of Sweden.

Kingdom of Thailand pn
Królestwo Tajlandii
The official name of Thailand.

Kingdom of the Netherlands pn
Królestwo Niderlandów
A monarchy consisting of the Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten.

Kings pn
Księga Królewska Księga Królów
(biblical) One of the various books called Kings in the Old Testament of Bible, and of the Tanakh.

Kingston /ˈkɪŋ.stən/ pn
Kingston
The City of Kingston, TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError, north of the city.

Kingstown pn
Kingstown
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kinshasa /kɪnˈʃɑːsə/ pn
Kinszasa
TemplateParserError:LuaError (formerly Zaire), in the western part of the country on the Congo River.

Kiribati /kiː.ɹɪˈbæs/ /ˈkiː.ɹɪ.bæs/ /ˈkɪrəbæs/ /ˈkɪrəbɑːti/ /ˌkiː.ɹɪˈbɑ.ti/ /ˌkiː.ɹɪˈbɑs/ pn
Kiribati
The Micronesian language spoken in Kiribati.

Kirill pn
Cyryl
A transliteration of the Russian male given name Кири́лл (Kiríll).

Kirov pn
Kirow
A transliteration of the Russian surname Киров (Kirov).
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kirovohrad pn
Kirowograd Kirowogród Kirowohrad Obwód kirowohradzki
Kirovohrad province (oblast), in central Ukraine.

Kirundi /kɪˈruːndi/ /kɪˈrʊndi/ pn
kirundi rundi urundi
The standardized dialect of the Bantu language Rwanda-Rundi which is spoken in Burundi.

Kitsman pn
Kicmań Kocmań
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kivertsi pn
Kiwerce
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Klaipėda pn
Kłajpeda
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Klaukkala pn
Klaukkala
village in Nurmijärvi Municipality, located in Finland's Uusimaa province.

Kletsk pn
Kleck
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Klinefelter syndrome n
zespół Klinefeltera
A genetic condition in which a person is born with two X chromosomes and one Y chromosome.

Klingon /ˈkliŋɑn/ /ˈklɪŋɑn/ /ˈklɪŋɒn/ Klingons n
Klingon Klingonka
(countable) Member of an alien warrior race in the Star Trek universe with distinctive forehead ridges and a culture based on strict observance of honour, loyalty, and combat.

Klingon /ˈkliŋɑn/ /ˈklɪŋɑn/ /ˈklɪŋɒn/ pn
klingoński
An artificial language created by Marc Okrand for the film Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan.

Klyuchevskaya Sopka pn
Kluczewska Sopka
TemplateParserError:LuaError and the highest point on the Kamchatka Peninsula.

Knesset /kəˈnɛsət/ /kəˈnɛsɛt/ /ˈknɛsɛt/ /ˈnɛsət/ /ˈnɛsɛt/ pn
Kneset
The Israeli parliament, located in Jerusalem.

Knossos pn
Knossos
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kobeliaky pn
Kobelaky
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Kobryn pn
Kobryń
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kodiak bear /ˈkoʊdiˌæk/ Kodiak bears n
niedźwiedź kodiacki
The largest brown bear, Ursus arctos middendorffi, found on Kodiak Island off the south coast of Alaska, United States.

Kodyma pn
Kodyma
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kokand pn
Kokand

Kolomyia pn
Kołomyja

Kolovrat Kolovrats pn
Kolowrat

Kolyma /kəlɪˈma/ pn
Kołyma
A river in the far north-eastern area of Russia.

Komarno pn
Komarno
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Komi /ˈkoʊmi/ Komi Komis n
Komi
A member of an ethnic group chiefly consisting of Komi speakers and descendants of Komi speakers who don't speak the language.

Komi /ˈkoʊmi/ pn
Komi język komi komi
A Finno-Ugric language currently spoken by 200,000 to 400,000 people, depending on source and definition of "speaker", in northeastern European part of Russia.
Komi
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Komodo dragon /kəˈmoʊdoʊ ˈdɹæɡən/ Komodo dragons n
waran z Komodo
Varanus komodoensis, an endangered species of monitor lizard native to certain Indonesian islands east of Java, the world's largest lizard, growing to 10 feet or 3 meters, known for its ability to kill prey with its septic saliva.

Komondor Komondorok Komondors n
komondor
A large Hungarian breed of livestock guard dog with a long, corded coat.

Komotini pn
Komotini
A city in Thrace, northeastern Greece.

Komsomol pn
Komsomoł
(historical) Young Communist League, the former youth wing of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

Komsomolsk pn
Komsomolsk Komsomolsk nad Amurem
TemplateParserError:LuaError, on the Amur river; in full, Komsomolsk-na-Amure or Komsomolsk-on-Amur.

Kongo pn
kikongo
A Bantu language (or family of languages) of Central Africa.

Konibodom n
Konibodom

Konotop pn
Konotop
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Konstanz pn
Konstancja
A city in south Germany on Lake Constance, on Swiss border.

Konya /ˈkoʊnjə/ /ˈkɒnjə/ pn
Ikonium Konya
TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Kopychyntsi pn
Kopyczyńce
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Korea /kəˈɹi.ə/ /kəˈɹiːə/ [kʰɵˈɹi.ə] [kʰɵˈɹiːə] Koreas pn
Korea
TemplateParserError:LuaError. Since World War II, Korea has been divided into two sovereign states, commonly called South Korea and North Korea.

Korea Strait pn
Cieśnina Koreańska
A strait between Korea and Japan, connecting the East China Sea with the Sea of Japan.

Korean /kəˈɹɪən/ adj
koreański
Of or relating to the Asian Peninsula comprising North Korea and South Korea.

Korean /kəˈɹɪən/ Koreans n
Koreanka Koreańczyk koreański
(countable) A native or resident in North Korea or South Korea, or a person of Korean descent.

Korean /kəˈɹɪən/ pn
koreański
(uncountable) Official language of the people residing on the Korean Peninsula, and language of approximately 60 million people, in Asia, North America, and elsewhere.

Korean Peninsula pn
Półwysep Koreański
A peninsula in eastern Asia containing North Korea and South Korea.

Korean Wave /kəˈɹɪən ˈweɪv/ pn
koreańska fala
The rise in popularity of South Korean popular culture in other countries since the 1990s.

Korets pn
Korzec
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Koriukivka pn
Koriukówka
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Korosten pn
Korosteń
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Korostyshiv pn
Korosteszów
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi pn
Korsuń Szewczenkowski
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Koryak Koryak Koryaks n
Koriaczka Koriak
A member of an indigenous people in Kamchatka Krai, Russia.

Koryak pn
koriacki
The language spoken by this people.

Kos pn
Kos
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Koschei pn
Kościej Kościej Nieśmiertelny
(Slavic mythology) An archetypal male antagonist, described mainly as abducting the hero's wife, and sometimes represented as a skeleton.

Kosiv pn
Kosów
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Kosovan more Kosovan most Kosovan adj
kosowski
From, of, or pertaining to Kosovo or its people, culture or language.

Kosovan Kosovans n
Kosowianin Kosowianka
A person from, or with ties to, Kosovo.

Kosovo /ˈkɒsəvə/ /ˈkɒsəvəʊ/ /ˈkɔsəˌvoʊ/ pn
Kosowo
One of five administrative districts of the above region as viewed by the Serbian government.

Kostanay /kɒstəˈnaɪ/ pn
Kostanaj
A city on the Tobol River in northern Kazakhstan, with a population of 220,000.

Kostiantynivka pn
Konstantynówka
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kostopil pn
Kostopol
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kotek Koteks pn
Kotek

Kotor pn
Kotor
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kovac's reagent n
odczynnik Kovacsa

Kovel pn
Kowel
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Koziatyn pn
Koziatyn
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Kozlowski Kozlowskis pn
Kozłowski

Košice pn
Koszyce
The second largest city of Slovakia.

Kraken /-kɪn/ /ˈkɹeɪ.kən/ /ˈkɹæ.kən/ /ˈkɹɑː.kən/ pn
kraken
(Norse mythology) A colossal sea monster that attacks ships and sailors, often portrayed as a giant octopus or squid.

Kramatorsk /kɹæməˈtɔɹsk/ /kɹæməˈtɔːsk/ pn
Kramatorsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError; seat of the Donetsk province.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Krasnodar pn
Krasnodar
TemplateParserError:LuaError, unofficially called Kuban.
TemplateParserError:LuaError, called Yekaterinodar before December 1920.

Krasnohorivka pn
Krasnohoriwka
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Krasnohrad pn
Krasnohrad
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Krasnoperekopsk pn
Krasnoperekopsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Krasnoyarsk pn
Krasnojarsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError, Krasnoyarsk Krai.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Krasyliv pn
Krasiłów
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Kraut /kɹaʊt/ /kɹʌʊt/ Krauts n
szkop szwab szwabka
(ethnic slur, offensive, derogatory, slang) A German. [from 1841]

Kremenchuk pn
Krzemieńczuk
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kremenets pn
Krzemieniec
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kreminna /kreɪmiˈnɑ/ /krɛmɪˈnɑ/ /krɛˈminə/ /krɛˈmɪnə/ /ˈkrɛmɪnə/ pn
Kreminna
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kremlin /ˈkɹɛmlɪn/ pn
Kreml
The Moscow Kremlin; a fortified complex in Moscow, Russia that serves as the official residence of the President of the Russian Federation.
(metonym) The Russian or Soviet government.

Kremlinology n
sowietologia
(politics) The study of the internal politics of the high members of the government of the USSR.

Kretinga pn
Kretynga

Krishna /ˈkɹɪʃnə/ Krishnas pn
Kryszna
(Hinduism) A deity worshiped across many traditions of Hinduism. Krishna is often depicted as a young cowherd boy with a dark or blue complexion playing a flute (as in the Bhagavata Purana) or a youthful prince giving philosophical direction and guidance (as in the Bhagavad Gita). He is the divine speaker of the Bhagavad Gita and the eighth avatar of Vishnu.
A en given name.

Kristallnacht n
noc kryształowa

Kriva Palanka pn
Kriwa Pałanka
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Krnov pn
Krnów
An Upper Silesian town on the River Opava in the northeastern Czech Republic, near the Polish border.

Krolevets pn
Królewiec
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kropyvnytskyi pn
Kropywnycki
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Kryvyi Rih /kɹɪˌvi ˈri/ pn
Krzywy Róg
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Ku Klux Klan /ˌkuː klʌks ˈklæn/ pn
Ku Klux Klan
An American white supremacist secret society and terrorist organization.

Kuala Lumpur /kuˈɑːlə ˈlʊmpə(ɹ)/ /kuˈɑːlə ˈlʊmpʊə/ /ˈkuala ˈlumpʊr/ /ˈkuala ˈlumpʊə/ pn
Kuala Lumpur
TemplateParserError:LuaError, in which the country’s current capital of the same name is located.

Kuban /kuːˈbɑːn/ pn
Kubań
(by extension) a geographic region of Southern Russia surrounding the Kuban River, on the Black Sea between the Don Steppe, Volga delta and the Caucasus.

Kufic adj
kufickie
Original form of Arabic script.

Kufic pn
kufickie
Original form of Arabic script, consisting of a modified form of Old South Arabian and old Nabataean scripts.

Kuiper belt /ˈkaɪ.pə(ɹ).bɛlt/ /ˈkaɪ.pɚ.bɛlt/ /ˈkʌɪpə bɛlt/ pn
Pas Kuipera
(astronomy) A region of space between 30 and 50 astronomical units from the Sun, roughly confined within a thick band around the ecliptic of the Solar System. This area is populated by many thousands of trans-Neptunian objects.

Kumiko pn
Kumiko
A en given name.

Kumyk Kumyks n
Kumyczka Kumyk
A member of a Turkic-speaking ethnic group living predominantly in Dagestan.

Kumyk pn
kumycki
a Turkic language spoken by the Kumyks in the Dagestan region of the Russian Federation.

Kunduz pn
Kunduz
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kungurian pn
kungur
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Permian period.

Kuopio pn
Kuopio
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kupiansk pn
Kupiańsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Kurakhove pn
Kurachowe
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kurbyko pn
Kurbyko
A transliteration of the Ukrainian surname Курбико (Kurbyko).

Kurdish /ˈkɜː(ɹ)dɪʃ/ adj
kurdyjski
Of, from, or pertaining to Kurdistan, the Kurdish people or the Kurdish language family.

Kurdish /ˈkɜː(ɹ)dɪʃ/ n
kurdyjski
Family of Indo-Iranian languages of Kurdistan (in the Mesopotamia region, from the Zagros of mid-western Iran to the eastern extension of the chain of the Taurus Mountains).

Kurdistan pn
Kurdystan
An autonomous region of northern and northeastern Iraq lying within the aforementioned Kurdish-majority region.

Kuril Islands pn
Kuryle Wyspy Kurylskie
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Kursk pn
Kursk
TemplateParserError:LuaError; scene of a major World War II battle between Soviet and German forces in 1943.

Kuršėnai pn
Kurszany

Kutenai /ˈkuːtəneɪ/ n
kutenajowie
An indigenous people of North America.

Kuwait /kjuːˈweɪt/ /kuːˈweɪt/ /kʊˈweɪt/ pn
Kuwejt
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
place TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kuwaiti adj
kuwejcki
Of, from, or pertaining to Kuwait or the Kuwaiti people.

Kuwaiti Kuwaitis n
Kuwejtczyk Kuwejtka
A person from Kuwait or of Kuwaiti descent.

Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship pn
województwo kujawsko-pomorskie
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kyakhta pn
Kiachta
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kyiv /kiːˈɪv/ /ˈkiːv/ /ˈkiːɪv/ /ˈkjɪv/ pn
Kijów
Ellipsis of Kyiv District; Synonym of Kyivskyi District; TemplateParserError:LuaError

Kyivan /kiːˈɪvən/ /ˈkiːɪvən/ more Kyivan most Kyivan adj
kijowski
Of or associated with the city of TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kyivan /kiːˈɪvən/ /ˈkiːɪvən/ Kyivans n
kijowianin kijowianka
A resident of Kyiv.

Kyoto /kiˈjoʊtoʊ/ /ˈkjoʊtoʊ/ pn
Kioto
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
(international law) The Kyoto Protocol.

Kypuche pn
Kypucze
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kyrgyz /ˈkɜː(ɹ)ɡɪz/ /ˈkɪə(ɹ)ɡɪz/ /ˈkɪɹɡɪz/ adj
kirgiski
Of, from, or pertaining to Kyrgyzstan, the Kyrgyz people or the Kyrgyz language.

Kyrgyz /ˈkɜː(ɹ)ɡɪz/ /ˈkɪə(ɹ)ɡɪz/ /ˈkɪɹɡɪz/ Kyrgyz n
Kirgiz Kirgizka
member of a Turkic people living primarily in Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyz /ˈkɜː(ɹ)ɡɪz/ /ˈkɪə(ɹ)ɡɪz/ /ˈkɪɹɡɪz/ pn
kirgiski
The Western Turkic language of Kyrgyz people.

Kyrgyz Republic pn
Republika Kirgiska
The official name of Kyrgyzstan.

Kyrgyz SSR /ˈkɜː(ɹ)ɡɪz ˌɛsɛsˈɑ(ɹ)/ /ˈkɪə(ɹ)ɡɪz ˌɛsɛsˈɑ(ɹ)/ pn
Kirgiska SRR
Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic

Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic pn
Kirgiska Socjalistyczna Republika Radziecka

Kyrgyzization Kyrgyzizations n
kirgizizacja
The process or result of Kyrgyzizing.

Kyrgyzophone adj
kirgiskojęzyczny
Speaking Kyrgyz.

Kyrgyzstan /-stæn/ /ˈkɛːɹ.ɡɪˌstɑːn/ /ˈkɪəɹ.ɡɪˌstɑːn/ /ˌkɛːɹ.ɡɪˈstɑːn/ /ˌkɪəɹ.ɡɪˈstɑːn/ pn
Kirgistan
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kyrgyzstani Kyrgyzstanis n
Kirgistanka Kirgistańczyk Kirgiz Kirgizka
A native or inhabitant of Kyrgyzstan.

Kythira pn
Cytera Kithira Kytera
TemplateParserError:LuaError in the south-east Ionian Sea at the opening to the Aegean Sea.

Kyusakamoto pn
Kyusakamoto
(astronomy) An asteroid discovered in 1993 by Japanese astronomers Kin Endate and Kazuro Watanabe.

Kyzyl pn
Kyzył
The capital city of Tuva, Russia

Königsberg /ˈkeɪ.nɪɡzˌbɝɡ/ /ˈkøːnɪçsˌbɛɹk/ /ˈkøːnɪçsˌbɜːk/ /ˈkɜ.nɪɡzˌbɝɡ/ /ˈkɜː.nɪɡzˌbɜːɡ/ pn
Królewiec
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kėdainiai pn
Kiejdany
TemplateParserError:LuaError

L'Aquila pn
L'Aquila
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

L'Hôpital's rule /ˌloʊpiːˈtɑːlz ˈɹuːl/ pn
reguła de l'Hospitala
(mathematics) The rule that the limit of the ratio of two functions equals the limit of the ratio of their derivatives, usable when the former limit is indeterminate and the latter limit exists.

LED /lɛd/ /ɛl.iː.ˈdiː/ LEDs n
LED
Initialism of light-emitting diode.

LGBT /ɛl d͡ʒiː biː tiː/ adj
LGBT lesbijki, geje, osoby biseksualne i transgenderyczne
Being lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender, or relating to these groups as a collective.

LHC pn
Wielki Zderzacz Hadronów

LLC LLCs n
sp. z o.o.
(business, legal, US) Initialism of Limited Liability Company.

LOL /loʊl/ /lɑl/ /lɒl/ /lɔl/ /lɔːl/ /ɛl.oʊˈɛl/ /ɛl.əʊˈɛl/ interjection
lol
(Internet slang, text messaging) Lots of laughs. (occasionally used)

LSD n
LSD
Initialism of lysergic acid diethylamide.

La Paz /lə ˈpæz/ pn
La Paz
The capital of the Mexican state of Baja California Sur.

La Pérouse Strait pn
Cieśnina La Pérouse'a
A strait dividing the Russian island of Sakhalin in the north from the Japanese island of Hokkaido, and connecting the Sea of Japan on the west with the Sea of Okhotsk on the east.

La Rioja pn
La Rioja
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

LaVeyan Satanism pn
satanizm laveyański
The atheistic religion of the Church of Satan, which is characterized by materialism and rejects all things supernatural, such as body and soul dualism and the concept of life after death.

Labourite /ˈleɪbəˌɹaɪt/ Labourites n
laburzysta
(UK politics) a member or supporter of the British Labour Party, the left wing party of Great Britain

Labrador /ˈlæb.ɹəˌdɔɹ/ /ˈlæb.ɹəˌdɔː(ɹ)/ pn
Labrador
The mainland portion of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, in Eastern Canada.

Labrador retriever Labrador retrievers n
labrador
A dog of a medium to large breed, popular as guide dogs and in other service.

Labrador tea /ˈlæb.ɹə.dɔː(ɹ) ti/ Labrador teas n
bagno
Any of three Rhododendron species (R. tomentosum, R. groenlandicum, or R. neoglandulosum).

Lacedaemonian Lacedaemonians n
Lacedemonka Lacedemończyk
An inhabitant of Lacedaemonia (Laconia) in Greece.

Lacerta pn
Jaszczurka
(constellation) An inconspicuous autumn constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a lizard. It lies between the constellations of Cygnus and Andromeda.

Lada Ladas pn
Łada
A make of car, produced by the Soviet/Russian automotive manufacturer AvtoVAZ; the car's name for the internal Soviet/Russian market is Zhiguli (Жигули́).

Ladin /ləˈdiːn/ pn
ladyński
A Rhaeto-Romance language (or dialect continuum), spoken primarily in the Italian portion of Tyrol and the Dolomite Mountains in Northern Italy.

Ladinian pn
ladyn
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Triassic period.

Ladislaus pn
Władysław Włodzisław
A en given name.

Ladoga pn
Ładoga
A freshwater lake located in the Republic of Karelia and Leningrad Oblast in northwestern Russia, not far from Saint Petersburg. It is the largest lake in Europe.

Lady Ladies n
Pani
An aristocratic title for a woman; the wife of a lord and/or a woman who holds the position in her own right; a title for a peeress, the wife of a peer or knight, and the daughters and daughters-in-law of certain peers.

Ladyzhyn pn
Ładyżyn
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Laestrygonian /lɛstɹɪ.ˈɡoʊni.ən/ Laestrygonians n
Lajstrygon
(Greek mythology) A member of a mythical Greek tribe of man-eating giants.

Lagrangian function Lagrangian functions n
lagranżjan
(mathematics) A function of the generalized coordinates and velocities of a dynamic system from which Lagrange's equations may be derived.

Lagus pn
Lagos
A male given name of historical usage

Lahore /ləˈhɔːr/ pn
Lahaur
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Laius /ˈlaɪ.əs/ pn
Lajos
(Greek mythology) The father of Oedipus and husband of Jocasta

Lake Constance pn
Jezioro Bodeńskie
TemplateParserError:LuaError. It consists of two parts, the Obersee in the east and northwest (Überlinger See) and the much smaller Untersee in the west.

Lake Erie pn
Erie
One of the five Great Lakes of North America.

Lake Geneva pn
Jezioro Genewskie
TemplateParserError:LuaError, situated on Geneva Lake and previously named Geneva; see also Geneva, Wisconsin, a town nearby.

Lake Huron pn
Huron
One of the Great Lakes of North America. Hydrologically, a bay of Lake Michigan–Huron.

Lake Michigan pn
Michigan
One of the Great Lakes of North America, and the only one located entirely within the United States. Hydrologically, a bay of Lake Michigan–Huron.

Lake Ontario pn
Jezioro Ontario Ontario
One of the five Great Lakes of North America.

Lake Superior pn
Jezioro Górne
TemplateParserError:LuaError; the largest of the Great Lakes and second largest lake in the world by area. It is located higher than Lake Huron, hence the name.

Lake Victoria pn
Jezioro Wiktorii
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Lalibela pn
Lalibela
TemplateParserError:LuaError, in the North Wollo Zone of the Amhara Region.

Lamb of God pn
Baranek Boży
Jesus, symbolized as a sacrifice.

Lamentations pn
Lamentacje Jeremiasza
(biblical) a book of the Old Testament of Bible, and of the Tanakh

Land of the Rising Sun pn
Kraj Wschodzącego Słońca
(periphrasis) TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Langhian pn
lang
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Miocene epoch.

Languedoc pn
Langwedocja
TemplateParserError:LuaError, in the south of the country; since 2016, part of the region of Occitanie.

Lanivtsi pn
Łanowce
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Lantern Festival /ˌlæn(t)ɚn ˈfɛstəv(ə)l/ /ˌlæntən ˈfɛstɪvl̩/ Lantern Festivals n
Święto Latarni
A festival marking the end of the Chinese New Year period, celebrated on the fifteenth day of the first month in the Chinese calendar when the first full moon of the year is seen (in February or early March).

Lao /laʊ/ /ˈlɑːoʊ/ adj
laotański
Of, from, or pertaining to Laos, the Lao people or their Kra-Dai Lao language.

Lao /laʊ/ /ˈlɑːoʊ/ Lao Laos n
Laotanka Laotańczyk
(countable) A Tai ethnic group native to Southeast Asia.
laotański Laotanka Laotańczyk
(uncountable) The official language of Laos that is closely related to Thai.

Laocoön /leɪˈɒkoʊˌɒn/ /leɪˈɒkəˌwɒn/ /leɪˈɒkɵ.ɒn/ pn
Laokoon
(Greek mythology) A Trojan priest of Poseidon (or Apollo, depending on the author), whose rules he had defied (or whom he had otherwise offended), who tried to warn his fellow citizens against the Trojan horse. He was killed for this, along with his two sons, by giant snakes sent by Minerva (or Poseidon, or Apollo).

Laos /ˈlaʊ(s)/ /ˈlɑːoʊ(s)/ pn
Laos
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Laotian /leɪˈoʊʃən/ /ˈlaʊʃən/ adj
laotański
Of, from, or pertaining to the Lao People's Democratic Republic, the Laotian people or the Laotian language.

Laotian /leɪˈoʊʃən/ /ˈlaʊʃən/ pn
laotański
Synonym of Lao (“the official language of Laos”)

Laplace operator Laplace operators n
laplasjan
(mathematics, physics) A differential operator,denoted ∆ and defined on \mathbb{R}^n as \Delta = \sum_{i=1}^n \frac{\partial^2}{\partial x_i^2}, used in the modeling of wave propagation, heat flow and many other applications.

Lapland pn
Laponia
The northern parts of Scandinavia and Finland with the Kola Peninsula in Russia, traditionally inhabited by the Sami people.

Lapland longspur Lapland longspurs n
poświerka zwyczajna
Calcarius lapponicus, a passerine bird in the longspur family Calcariidae.

Lapp adj
lapoński
From Lapland or of the Lapp peoples

Lapp Lapp Lapps n
Lapończyk Laponka
An indigenous person from Lapland. One of the Sami people.

Lapp pn
lapoński
The language of the Lapp peoples.

Laptev Sea pn
Morze Łaptiewów
TemplateParserError:LuaError, located between the eastern coast of Siberia, the Taimyr Peninsula, the Severnaya Zemlya and the New Siberian Islands. The Kara Sea lies to the west, the East Siberian Sea to the east.

Laputa /ləˈpjuːtə/ pn
Laputa
A fictional flying island in Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels (1726).

Large Magellanic Cloud pn
Wielki Obłok Magellana
(galaxy) A particular dwarf irregular galaxy, the largest satellite of Milky Way.

Larkinism n
filozofia Larkina

Larnaca /ˈlɑːnəkə/ /ˈlɑːɹnəkə/ pn
Larnaka
TemplateParserError:LuaError, capital of the district of the same name
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Las Vegas /lɑs ˈveɪɡəs/ /lɒs ˈveɪɡəs/ pn
Las Vegas
TemplateParserError:LuaError, known for its large hotels, extravagant entertainment and dining, and gambling.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Last Judgment pn
Sąd Ostateczny Dzień Sądu Sądny Dzień
The judgement day.

Last Supper pn
Ostatnia Wieczerza
(Christianity) The Passover meal that Jesus ate with his disciples on the night before his death.

Lateran pn
Lateran
A church and palace in Rome; used attributively to describe several councils and treaties

Latgale pn
Łatgalia
TemplateParserError:LuaError, in the eastern part of the country.

Latin /ˈlæt.ɪn/ [ˈlæt.n̩] [ˈlæʔ.n̩] adj
łaciński język łaciński rzymski
Of or relating to the script of the language spoken in ancient Rome and many modern alphabets.
latynoski
Of or from Latin America or of Latin American culture.

Latin /ˈlæt.ɪn/ [ˈlæt.n̩] [ˈlæʔ.n̩] Latins pn
łacina język łaciński łaciński
(uncountable) The language of the ancient Romans, other Latins and of the Roman Catholic church, especially Classical Latin.

Latin America pn
Ameryka Łacińska
Those parts of the Americas which speak Spanish, Portuguese, French or Creoles based on them, which are Latin-derived languages: South America, Central America, Mexico, and most islands of the Caribbean.

Latin American adj
latynoamerykański
Of or relating to Latin America, its people, or its culture.

Latin American Latin Americans n
latynoamerykanin latynoamerykanka
A native or inhabitant of Latin America, or of such descent.

Latin Church pn
Kościół łaciński
(Catholicism) One of the 24 particular churches (sui juris) in full communion with the Holy See and the rest of the Catholic Church which uses the Latin liturgical rites.

Latin alphabet Latin alphabets n
alfabet łaciński łacinka
The 26-letter alphabet consisting of the following letters (presented in majuscule and minuscule pairs):

Latin square Latin squares n
kwadrat łaciński
(mathematics) An n-by-n arrangement of n different integers such that each row, each column and each of the two diagonals contains each of the integers once and once only.

Latinism Latinisms n
latynizm
Any word or phrase borrowed from Latin, or suggestive of Latin.

Latinist Latinists n
latynista łacinnik
A scholar who studies the Latin language.

Latinity Latinities n
łacińskość
(uncountable, countable) The quality of a particular person's Latin speech or writing; the Latin language, as an area of study or interest.

Latinization /ˌlæt.ɪ.naɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ Latinizations n
latynizacja
The act or process of Latinizing, of making Latin.

Latinize /ˈlæt.ə.naɪz/ /ˈlæt.ən.aɪz/ /ˈlæt.ɪ.naɪz/ /ˈlæt.ɪn.aɪz/ v
latynizować
(transitive) To translate something into the Latin language; or make a word similar in appearance or form to a Latin word.

Latino /læˈtinoʊ/ /ləˈtinoʊ/ Latinos n
Latynos Latynoska
(chiefly, _, US) A person, especially and usually (interpreted as) a male, from Latin America, a Hispanic person. (Compare Latina.)

Latvia /ˈlæt.vi.ə/ /ˈlɑːt.vi.ə/ pn
Łotwa
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Latvian /ˈlætvi.ən/ /ˈlɑːtvi.ən/ adj
łotewski
Of, from, or pertaining to Latvia, the Latvian people or the Latvian language.

Latvian /ˈlætvi.ən/ /ˈlɑːtvi.ən/ Latvians n
łotewski
(uncountable) The official language of Latvia; Lettish.
łotewski Łotysz Łotyszka
(countable) A person from Latvia or of Latvian descent.

Latvian SSR pn
Łotewska SRR
Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic, the name of Latvia while it was a member republic of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1940–1941 and 1944–1991).

Lauenburg pn
Lębork
A city in Pomerania:

Laura /ˈlɔɹə/ /ˈlɔːɹə/ pn
Laura
A en given name.

Laurence /ˈlɑɹəns/ /ˈlɒ.ɹəns/ /ˈlɔɹəns/ Laurences pn
Wawrzyniec Laurencjusz Laurenty
A en given name

Lazarus /ˈlæzəɹəs/ pn
Łazarz
(biblical) Lazarus of Bethany, a man supposedly raised from the dead by Jesus Christ and later (Christianity) revered as a saint.
(biblical) A beggar in a parable by Jesus Christ, traditionally (Christianity) believed to have been a leper and often conflated with Lazarus of Bethany.
(rare) A en given name.

Lazio pn
Lacjum
TemplateParserError:LuaError. It corresponds to ancient Latium.

Le Chatelier's principle pn
reguła przekory
(chemistry) A principle stating that, if a chemical system at equilibrium experiences a change in concentration, temperature, or total pressure, the equilibrium will shift in order to minimize that change.

Le Havre /lə ˈhɑː(ɹ)v/ /lə ˈhɑːvɹə/ pn
Hawr
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

LePenism n
lepenizm
The support or ideals of Jean-Marie Le Pen (French politician and leader of the National Front from 1972 to 2011) and/or Marine Le Pen (his daughter, also a French politician and leader of the National Front since 2011).

League of Nations pn
Liga Narodów
An international organization founded as a result of the Treaty of Versailles, which ended the First World War. Its goals included disarmament, preventing war through collective security, settling disputes between countries through negotiation, diplomacy and improving global quality of life. The predecessor of the United Nations.

Leaning Tower of Pisa pn
Krzywa Wieża w Pizie
A famous bell tower in the Italian town of Pisa, known for its irregular lean.

Lebanese /lɛ.bəˈniːz/ adj
libański
Of, from, or pertaining to Lebanon or the Lebanese people.

Lebanese /lɛ.bəˈniːz/ Lebanese n
Libańczyk Libanka
A person from Lebanon or of Lebanese descent.

Lebanese Republic pn
Republika Libańska
Official name of Lebanon.

Lebanon /-ɒn/ /ˈlɛbənɑn/ /ˈlɛbənɔn/ /ˈlɛbənən/ Lebanons pn
Liban
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError. Also (especially formerly) known as "the Lebanon".
TemplateParserError:LuaError, in full Rising Sun-Lebanon.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
Various places in the United States of America:

Lebedyn pn
Łebedyn
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Lecce /ˈlɛtʃeɪ/ pn
Lecce
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Lecco pn
Lecco
Province of Lombardy, Italy.
Town and capital of Lecco.

Lechitic adj
lechicki
Of or pertaining to the language group including Polish, Kashubian and Polabian.

Legnica pn
Legnica
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Leiden /ˈlaɪdən/ /ˈleɪdən/ pn
Lejda
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Leipzig /ˈlaɪp.sɪk/ /ˈlaɪp.sɪɡ/ /ˈlaɪp.tsɪk/ /ˈlaɪp.zɪɡ/ pn
Lipsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError
The Leipzig Glossing Rules or glossing style, a style of glossing used by linguists.

Leitha pn
Litawa
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Lena pn
Lena
A en given name.

Lenin pn
Lenin
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, a Russian revolutionary and politician.

Leningrad /ˈlɛn.ənˌɡræd/ /ˈlɛn.ənˌɡrɑd/ /ˈlɛn.ɪnˌɡræd/ /ˈlɛn.ɪnˌɡrɑd/ pn
Leningrad Obwód leningradzki
(historical) Saint Petersburg, TemplateParserError:LuaError, from the time of Lenin's death in 1924 until 1991.

Leninism /lɛnɪnɪzm̩/ Leninisms n
leninizm
A political ideology developed by Vladimir Lenin that proposes the establishment of the dictatorship of the proletariat led by a revolutionary vanguard party, as the political prelude to the establishment of communism.

Leninist /ˈlɛnənɪst/ /ˈlɛnɪnɪst/ more Leninist most Leninist adj
leninowski
Of or relating to Leninism.

Leninist /ˈlɛnənɪst/ /ˈlɛnɪnɪst/ Leninists n
leninista leninowiec
A person who follows or supports Lenin or the philosophy of Leninism.

Lent /lɛnt/ Lents n
Wielki Post
(Christianity) A period of the ecclesiastical year preceding Easter, traditionally involving temporary abstention from certain foods and pleasures.

Lenten /ˈlɛntən/ more Lenten most Lenten adj
wielkopostny
Pertaining to Lent; taking place during Lent.

Lentvaris pn
Landwarów

Leo /ˈliːoʊ/ /ˈliːəʊ/ pn
Lew Leon
A en given name, borne by numerous saints and 13 popes.
Lew
(zodiac constellations) A constellation of the zodiac, shaped approximately like a lion and containing the stars Regulus and Denebola.
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the Lion, ruled by the Sun and covering July 23 - August 22 (tropical astrology) or August 16 - September 15 (sidereal astrology).

Leo Minor pn
Mały Lew
(constellation) A spring constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a small lion. It lies north of the constellation Leo and south of Ursa Major.

Leona pn
Leonia
A en given name, a feminine form of Leo through Leon.

Leonard /ˈlɛnɚd/ pn
Leonard
A surname transferred from the given name.

Leonardeschi /lənɑɹˈdɛʃi/ /ˌli.ənɑɹˈdɛski/ /ˌli.ənɑɹˈdɛʃi/ /ˌlɪ.ənɑːˈdɛskɪ/ /ˌlɪ.ənɑːˈdɛʃɪ/ n
leonardianie
A group of artists who worked in the studio of, or under the influence of, Leonardo da Vinci.

Leopold /ˈliːəpoʊld/ /ˈliːəpəʊld/ /ˈlɛpəld/ pn
Leopold
A en given name. Used in the 19th century but rare today.

Lepus pn
Zając
(constellation) A winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a rabbit. It lies south of the constellation Orion.

Lesbos /ˈlɛz.bɒs/ pn
Lesbos
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Lesothan more Lesothan most Lesothan adj
lesotyjski sotyjski
Of or relating to Lesotho.

Lesothan Lesothans n
Lesotyjczyk Lesotyjka Sotyjczyk Sotyjka
A native or inhabitant of Lesotho.

Lesotho /ləˈsuːtuː/ pn
Lesotho Lesoto
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Lesser Poland pn
Małopolska
Ellipsis of Lesser Poland Voivodeship or Lesser Poland Province. TemplateParserError:LuaError

Lesser Poland Voivodeship pn
województwo małopolskie
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Let's Player Let's Players n
zagrajmer zagrajmerka
One who makes Let’s Plays.

Leto Letos pn
Leto
(uncountable, Greek mythology) Leto, in Greek mythology, the mother of Apollo and Artemis.

Levant /ləˈvænt/ /ləˈvɑnt/ /lɛvɑnt/ /ˈlɛv.ənt/ pn
Lewant
The countries bordering the eastern Mediterranean Sea, namely Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, Jordan and Cyprus (and sometimes, especially in a historical context, also including Turkey and Egypt, then part of the Ottoman Empire).

Levi /ˈliː.vaɪ/ pn
Lewi
The third son of Jacob, by his wife Leah.
One of the Biblical tribes of Israelites, descended from Levi; the tribe from which priests were selected.
A en given name.

Levite /ˈliː.vaɪt/ Levites n
Aaronita lewita
A member of the Hebrew tribe of Levi, particularly in its role as a priestly caste.

Leviticus /ləˈvɪtɪkəs/ pn
Księga Kapłańska
The third of the Books of Moses in the Old Testament of the Bible; the third book in the Torah.

Leyden jar /ˈlaɪdən ˌdʒɑɹ/ Leyden jars n
butelka lejdejska
(electrical engineering, historical) A glass jar or bottle used to accumulate static electricity between two electrodes.

Lezgi Lezgi Lezgis n
Lezgin Lezginka
A member of an ethnic group living predominantly in southern Dagestan and northeastern Azerbaijan.

Lhasa /ˈlɑːsə/ pn
Lhasa
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Lhotecký Šefel pn
Machowski Szczyt
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Liberec pn
Liberec
TemplateParserError:LuaError, capital of the Liberec Region

Liberia /laɪˈbɪəɹ.i.ə/ /laɪˈbɪɹ.i.ə/ pn
Liberia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Liberian adj
liberyjski
Of, from, or pertaining to Liberia or the Liberian people.

Liberian Liberians n
Liberyjczyk Liberyjka
A person from Liberia or of Liberian descent.

Libra /ˈliːbɹə/ pn
Waga
(zodiac constellations) A constellation of the zodiac, supposedly shaped like a set of scales.
(astrology) The astrological sign for the scales, ruled by Venus and covering September 24 - October 23 (tropical astrology) or October 16 - November 16 (sidereal astrology).

Libya /ˈlɪbi.ə/ pn
Libia
(historical) Africa; that is, the part of North Africa known in classical antiquity.

Libyan /ˈlɪbi.ən/ adj
libijski
Of, from, or pertaining to Libya.

Libyan /ˈlɪbi.ən/ Libyans n
Libijczyk Libijka
A person from Libya or of Libyan descent.

Liechtenstein /ˈlɪk.tən.staɪn/ pn
Liechtenstein
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Liechtensteiner Liechtensteiners n
Liechtensteińczyk
A person from Liechtenstein or of Liechtenstein descent.

Liepāja pn
Lipawa
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Liguria /lɪˈɡjʊəɹiə/ /lɪˈɡjʊɹiə/ pn
Liguria
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Lilith pn
Lilit Lilith
(mythology) A Mesopotamian storm demon, a bearer of disease and death.

Lille /lil/ /liːl/ pn
Lille
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Lilongwe /ləˈlɑŋwi/ /lɪˈlɒŋw(e)ɪ/ /lɪˈlɔŋweɪ/ pn
Lilongwe
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Lima /ˈlaɪmə/ /ˈliːmə/ pn
Lima
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError in 1996.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError:

Limassol pn
Limassol
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Limburg /lɪmbɜːrɡ/ /lɪmbɜːɡ/ /lɪmbɝːɡ/ Limburgs pn
Limburgia
(historical) The historic duchy (which the name of the province(s) was meant to preserve).

Limburgish pn
limburski
A Germanic language or dialect continuum spoken near the common border between the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany.

Limerick /ˈlɪm(ə)ɹɪk/ Limericks pn
Limerick
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
A habitational surname from Irish.

Linear B pn
linearne B
(archaeology, linguistics) A syllabary used to write Mycenaean Greek in the second millennium BC, before the invention of the Greek alphabet.

Lingala /lɪŋˈɡɑːlə/ pn
lingala
A Bantu language spoken throughout the northwestern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Congo-Kinshasa) and a large part of the Republic of the Congo (Congo-Brazzaville), as well as to some degree in Angola and the Central African Republic.

Linus /ˈlaɪnəs/ pn
Linus
A en given name.

Linux /ˈlɪnəks/ /ˈlɪnʊks/ Linuxen Linuxes pn
Linux
An open-source computer operating system kernel.

Linuxer Linuxers n
linuksiarz linuksowiec

Lion of Judah pn
Lew Judy
(Judaism) a Jewish national and cultural symbol, traditionally regarded as a symbol of the tribe of Judah

Lionheart pn
Lwie Serce
The nickname of Richard I of England.

Lipetsk pn
Lipieck
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Lisbon /ˈlɪzbən/ pn
Lizbona
TemplateParserError:LuaError around the capital.
(metonym) The Portuguese government.

Lisboner adj
lizboński
Of, from, or pertaining to, Lisbon.

Lisboner Lisboners n
lizbonka lizbończyk
Someone from Lisbon.

Lithuania /ˌlɪð.juˈeɪ.ni.ə/ /ˌlɪθ.juˈeɪ.ni.ə/ /ˌlɪθ.uˈeɪ.ni.ə/ /ˌlɪθˈweɪ.ni.ə/ pn
Litwa
TemplateParserError:LuaError (Lietuvos Respublika).

Lithuania Minor pn
Litwa Mniejsza Litwa Pruska
An ethnographic region of Lithuania, located in the west of the country, south-west of Samogitia.

Lithuanian /ˌlɪð.juˈeɪ.ni.ən/ /ˌlɪθ.juˈeɪ.ni.ən/ /ˌlɪθ.uˈeɪ.ni.ən/ /ˌlɪθˈweɪ.ni.ən/ more Lithuanian most Lithuanian adj
litewski
Of or relating to Lithuania.

Lithuanian /ˌlɪð.juˈeɪ.ni.ən/ /ˌlɪθ.juˈeɪ.ni.ən/ /ˌlɪθ.uˈeɪ.ni.ən/ /ˌlɪθˈweɪ.ni.ən/ Lithuanians n
litewski
(uncountable) The main language of Lithuania.
Litwin Litwinka
(countable) A person living in or coming from Lithuania.

Lithuanianness n
litewszczyzna
The quality of being Lithuanian.

Lithuanization n
lituanizacja
The act of assimilating a non-Lithuanian culture into a Lithuanian one; the process of making something Lithuanian.

Little Dipper pn
Mały Wóz
(constellation) A bright circumpolar asterism of the northern sky, said to resemble a ladle or cart. It is part of the constellation Ursa Minor and includes the northern pole star Polaris.

Little Red Riding Hood /ˈlɪtl̩ ɹɛd ɹaɪ.dɪŋ hʊd/ pn
Czerwony Kapturek
A fairy tale about a young girl who walks through the forest to visit her grandmother and encounters the Big Bad Wolf (or another vicious wolf, or werewolf in archaic versions).
The girl who is the protagonist and title character in this story.

Little Russia pn
Małorosja Małoruś
(historical) The former Imperial Russian administrative subdivisions in north central Ukraine.

Liturgy of the Hours n
liturgia godzin
(Catholicism) A liturgy for daily use at each of the canonical hours obligatory to all Catholic bishops, priests, and transitional deacons and composed of psalms, hymns, and readings but lacking the eucharist.

Liuboml pn
Luboml
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Liubotyn pn
Lubotyn
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Liverpool /ˈlɪvə(ɹ)ˌpuːl/ pn
Liverpool
TemplateParserError:LuaError; an important seaport in the United Kingdom, and once one of the biggest in the world.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
The City of Liverpool, TemplateParserError:LuaError which includes the suburb.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Liverpudlian more Liverpudlian most Liverpudlian adj
liverpoolski
Of or relating to Liverpool in England.

Liverpudlian Liverpudlians n
liverpoolczyk liverpoolka
A native or resident of Liverpool in England.
(soccer) someone connected with Liverpool Football Club, as a fan, player, coach etc.

Livonia /lɪˈvoʊniə/ pn
Inflanty Liwonia
(historic) A historical region in the Baltic, south of the Gulf of Finland, now divided and constituting southern Estonia and northern Latvia.

Livonian adj
liwski liwijski
Pertaining to Livonia or Livonians.

Livonian Livonians n
Liw Liwijka
A person from Livonia.

Livonian pn
liwski liwijski
An extinct Finno-Ugric language spoken in Latvia.

Liège pn
Liège
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Ljubljana /ˌl(j)ʊbliˈɑːnə/ pn
Lublana
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Ljubljanan adj
lublański
of, from or pertaining to Ljubljana

Ljubljanan Ljubljanans n
lublanka lublańczyk
Someone from Ljubljana.

Local Supercluster /ˌloʊkl̩ ˈsupɚˌklʌstɚ/ pn
Supergromada Lokalna
(astronomy) The supercluster that includes the Milky Way galaxy.

Lochkovian pn
Lochkow

Lodz /lɒdz/ /wuːt͡ʃ/ pn
Łódź
TemplateParserError:LuaError, Łódź Voivodeship.
TemplateParserError:LuaError, also spelled Łódź.

Lodz Voivodeship pn
województwo łódzkie
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Loire /ləˈwɑː(ɹ)/ /ˈlwɑː(ɹ)/ pn
Loara
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Lojban /ˈloʊʒbæn/ /ˈloʊʒbɑːn/ /ˈlɒʒbæn/ pn
lojban Lożban
An artificial language created by Logical Language Group designed to be logical, based on the earlier Loglan.

Lokhvytsia pn
Łochwica
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Lom n
Lomowie
A nomadic people related to the Rom and Dom, with origins in India, who reside in Transcaucasia; Caucasian Gypsies.

Lombardic /lɒmˈbɑː(ɹ)dɪk/ adj
longobardzki
Of the Lombards, a Germanic people who settled in Italy in the sixth century C.E., or of their language or culture.

Lombardic /lɒmˈbɑː(ɹ)dɪk/ pn
longobardzki
The language of the Lombards, an extinct Germanic language known from fragmentary evidence.

Lombardy /ˈlɑmbəɹdi/ /ˈlɒmbədi/ pn
Lombardia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

London /ˈlʌ.nən/ /ˈlʌn.dən/ Londons pn
londyński London
TemplateParserError:LuaError, created in 1889 from parts of Kent, Middlesex and Surrey, and merged into Greater London in 1965.
Londyn
(figuratively) The government of the United Kingdom.

London Underground pn
metro w Londynie
The London underground railway system.

Londoner /ˈlʌn.dən.ə(ɹ)/ Londoners n
londyńczyk londynka
A person from, or an inhabitant of, London.

Londonish adj
londyński
Having to do with, like, or of London, a city in England.

Longyearbyen pn
Longyearbyen
The largest settlement in Svalbard.

Lopingian pn
loping
(geology) The Lopingian epoch.

Lord /lɔɹd/ /lɔːd/ Lords pn
Pan
(Christianity) God the Father; the Godhead.
(Christianity) Jesus Christ, God the Son.

Lord willing and the creek don't rise phraseologicalUnit
jak Bóg pozwoli
(idiomatic, US, informal) Barring unforeseen circumstances.

Lord's Day Lord's Days n
Dzień Pański
Sunday, the first day of the week, particularly as the Christian Sabbath.

Lord's Prayer pn
Ojcze nasz Modlitwa Pańska
The prayer which, according to the New Testament of the Bible, Jesus Christ taught his disciples in the Sermon on the Mount.

Lorraine /lɔˈɹeɪn/ /ləˈɹeɪn/ pn
Lotaryngia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
A en given name, associated with Laura by folk etymology.
A surname.

Lothario /loʊˈθɛəɹioʊ/ Lotharios n
casanova uwodziciel
A man whose chief interest is seducing, usually women.

Louis /ˈlu.əs/ /ˈlu.ɪs/ /ˈluː.i/ /ˈlʉ.əs/ /ˈlʉː.i/ Louises pn
Ludwik
A en given name.
(uncommon) A en given name

Louise /luːˈiːz/ /ləˈwiːz/ pn
Luiza
A en given name.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Louisiana /luːˌiːziˈænə/ /ləˌwiːziˈænə/ /ˌluːziˈænə/ pn
Luizjana
(historical) A vast territory in central North America:

Lourdes /lʊəd(z)/ /lʊɹd(z)/ pn
Lourdes
TemplateParserError:LuaError in the French Pyrenees, and site of a large Catholic pilgrimage.

Louvain pn
Lowanium
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Louvre /ˈluːv(ɹə)/ /ˈluːvə(ɹ)/ pn
Luwr
A famous art museum and former royal palace in Paris, France.

Lovecraftian /lʌvˈkɹæfti.ən/ more Lovecraftian most Lovecraftian adj
lovecraftowski
Of, pertaining to, or emulating the style or works of author H. P. Lovecraft (1890–1937).

Low Countries pn
Niderlandy
The countries on low-lying land around the delta of the Rhine, Scheldt, and Meuse (Maas) rivers.

Low German n
dolnoniemiecki
(linguistics) Any of a number of West Germanic languages, primarily spoken in northern Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium, that did not undergo the High German consonant shift; the group thereof.

Low Saxon pn
dolnosaksoński
A group of related dialects of Low German, spoken in northern Germany and parts of the Netherlands, formerly also in Denmark.

Lower Austria pn
Dolna Austria
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Lower Canada /ˈloʊɚ ˈkænədə/ pn
Dolna Kanada
(historical) A former British colony located in what is now Labrador and southern Québec.

Lower Saxony pn
Dolna Saksonia
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Lower Silesian n
dolnośląski
A West Germanic language spoken in Poland, as well as in northeastern Czechia and in eastern Germany. This language (or group of dialects) is nearly extinct.

Lower Silesian Voivodeship pn
województwo dolnośląskie
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Lower Sorbian pn
dolnołużycki
a highly endangered West Slavic language spoken in parts of southern Brandenburg

Lozova pn
Łozowa
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Ltd. n
sp. z o.o.

Lublin pn
Lublin
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Lublin Voivodeship pn
województwo lubelskie
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Lubny pn
Łubnie
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Lubusz Voivodeship pn
województwo lubuskie
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Lucca pn
Lukka
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Lucerne pn
Lucerna
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Lucian /ˈljuː-/ /ˈluː.sɪən/ /ˈluː.ʃən/ pn
Lukian Lukianusz
A sophist who was of Syrian origin.
Lucjan
A en given name, rare in the English-speaking world.

Lucifer /ˈluːsɪfə/ pn
Lucyfer
(biblical) The King of Babylon who was compared to the planet Venus in first the Wycliffe version then the King James Version of Isaiah 14:12; it is unclear whether this verse refers to a specific king or to a representation of the entire line of kings of Babylon.

Lucius /ˈluːsɪəs/ /ˈluːʃəs/ pn
Lucjusz Łucjusz
(rare) A en given name

Lucretius pn
Lukrecjusz
A en given name of mostly historical use in English.
Titus Lucretius Carus, a Roman poet and philosopher.

Lucy /ˈluːsi/ pn
Łucja
A surname from Old French derived from place names in Normandy based on a male personal name, from Latin Lucius.

Ludfordian pn
Ludford

Ludo n
chińczyk
A children's board game in which tokens are moved around a board.

Luhansk /luːˈhænsk/ /luːˈhɑːnsk/ pn
Ługańsk Obwód ługański
(city) TemplateParserError:LuaError, former administrative capital of the eponymous provonce.
Obwód ługański
(district) TemplateParserError:LuaError. The district is not recognized in Luhansk by the separatist government, as it was imposed from Kiev, which was not in control of the region at the time of its formation.
(province) TemplateParserError:LuaError; former seat: Luhansk (prior to the Donbas War, where Russia occupied and set up puppet countries)
(country) TemplateParserError:LuaError; occupying 1/3 of the province, but claiming all the province, before the Russian invasion of all of Ukraine in 2022.

Luhansk People's Republic pn
Ługańska Republika Ludowa
A partially-recognized secessionist state proclaimed in Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine on the 27th of April, 2014; one of two members of the Confederation of Novorossiya.

Lukashenko pn
Łukaszenka Łukaszenko
A transliteration of the Ukrainian surname Лукаше́нко (Lukašénko).

Luke /luːk/ /lɪu̯k/ pn
Łukasz Łuke
A en given name
Luke the Evangelist, an early Christian credited with the authorship of the Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles.
An English surname originating as a patronymic, a variant of Luck.
Ewangelia Łukasza Łuke
(biblical) The Gospel of St. Luke, a book of the New Testament of the Bible. Traditionally the third of the four gospels.
Łuke
An Irish surname originating as a patronymic, a later anglicization of Lúcás (Lucas).
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Lunarian Lunarians n
Selenita Selenitka
(science fiction) An inhabitant of Luna (the Moon).

Lupus /ˈluːpəs/ pn
Wilk
(constellation) A summer constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a wolf. It lies south of the constellation Libra.

Lusail pn
Lusajl
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Lusatia /luˈseɪʃə/ pn
Łużyce
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Lusatian /luːˈseɪʃən/ adj
łużycki
Of or pertaining to Lusatia or its people.

Lusatian Neisse pn
Nysa Łużycka
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Lusitania /lu.sɪˈteɪ.ni.ə/ /luː.sɪˈteɪ.nɪə/ pn
Luzytania
An ancient Roman province, roughly corresponding to modern Portugal.

Lusitanian more Lusitanian most Lusitanian adj
luzytański
Of or pertaining to ancient Roman province of Lusitania, its people or culture.

Lusophone /ˈlusəˌfoʊn/ /ˈluːsəˌfəʊn/ adj
portugalskojęzyczny
(of a person) Portuguese-speaking.

Lutetian /luːˈtiːʃən/ pn
Lutet

Luther /ˈluːθə/ /ˈluθɚ/ pn
Luter
Martin Luther, German monk and theologian whose teaching inspired the Reformation

Lutheran /ˈluːθəɹ(ə)n/ /ˈluːθɹ(ə)n/ /ˈluθəɹən/ /ˈluθɹən/ more Lutheran most Lutheran adj
luterański
(Christianity) Of or pertaining to the theology of Martin Luther (1483–1546) or his followers, or the Lutheran church.

Lutheran /ˈluːθəɹ(ə)n/ /ˈluːθɹ(ə)n/ /ˈluθəɹən/ /ˈluθɹən/ Lutherans n
luteranin luteranka
(Christianity) A member of any of the Christian churches which identify with the theology of Martin Luther.

Lutheranism n
luteranizm
The Christian denomination based on the beliefs and doctrines developed by Martin Luther and his immediate followers.

Lutsk pn
Łuck
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Lutuhyne pn
Łutuhyne
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Luwian /ˈluːi.ən/ /ˈluːwi.ən/ pn
luwijski
an extinct language of the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family, spoken in the 2nd millennium BC and recorded in both hieroglyphic and cuneiform scripts.

Luxembourg /ˈlʌk.səm.bɜːɡ/ /ˈlʌk.səm.bɝɡ/ pn
Luksemburg Luksemburgia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Luxembourger Luxembourgers n
Luksemburczyk Luksemburka
A person from the independent grand duchy of Luxembourg or of Luxembourgish descent.

Luxembourgish /ˈlʌksəmˌbɜːɡɪʃ/ /ˈlʌksəmˌbɝɡɪʃ/ adj
luksemburski
Of, from, or pertaining to Luxembourg or its people.

Luzon /ˈluˌzɔn/ pn
Luzon
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Lviv /ləˈviːv/ pn
Lwów Obwód lwowski
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Lyakhavichy pn
Lachowicze
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Lycia /ˈlɪsi.ə/ /ˈlɪʃi.ə/ /ˈlɪʃə/ pn
Licja
(historical) An ancient region and Roman province in the southwest of Asia Minor, between Caria and Pamphylia.

Lycian /ˈlɪ.si.ən/ /ˈlɪ.sɪ.ən/ /ˈlɪ.ʃi.ən/ /ˈlɪ.ʃən/ /ˈlɪ.ʃɪ.ən/ adj
licyjski
Of, or relating to Lycia, or its people, language or culture.

Lycian /ˈlɪ.si.ən/ /ˈlɪ.sɪ.ən/ /ˈlɪ.ʃi.ən/ /ˈlɪ.ʃən/ /ˈlɪ.ʃɪ.ən/ Lycians n
Licyjczyk Licyjka
A native or inhabitant of ancient Lycia.

Lycian /ˈlɪ.si.ən/ /ˈlɪ.sɪ.ən/ /ˈlɪ.ʃi.ən/ /ˈlɪ.ʃən/ /ˈlɪ.ʃɪ.ən/ pn
licyjski
An extinct Indo-European language in the Anatolian group.

Lydia /ˈlɪ.di.ə/ pn
Lidia
(historical) A region of southwest Asia Minor or Persia.
(Biblical) A woman converted by St. Paul; presumably named for ancestry or residence in Lydia.
Lidia Lidka
A en given name.

Lydian /ˈlɪ.di.ən/ /ˈlɪ.dɪ.ən/ adj
lidyjski
Pertaining to Lydia, or its people, language or culture.

Lydian /ˈlɪ.di.ən/ /ˈlɪ.dɪ.ən/ Lydians n
Lidyjczyk Lidyjka
A native or inhabitant of ancient Lydia.

Lydian /ˈlɪ.di.ən/ /ˈlɪ.dɪ.ən/ pn
lidyjski
An extinct Indo-European language in the Anatolian subgroup.

Lyman /liˈmɑn/ /lɪˈmɑn/ /ˈlaɪ.mən/ pn
Łyman
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Lyme disease n
borelioza choroba z Lyme
(disease) Infection by one of three or more subspecies of the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted by four species of tick in genus Ixodes. Symptoms include a rash followed by fever, joint pain, and headaches.

Lynchian more Lynchian most Lynchian adj
Lynczowski
Of or pertaining to David Keith Lynch (born 1946), American filmmaker and director whose surrealist films are characterized by dream imagery and meticulous sound design.

Lynx /lɪŋks/ pn
Ryś
(constellation) A faint spring constellation of the northern sky. It lies north of the constellation Cancer.

Lyon pn
Lyon
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Lypovets pn
Lipowiec
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Lyra /ˈlaɪ.ɹə/ /ˈlɪ(ə)ɹ.ə/ pn
Lutnia
(constellation) A summer constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a lyre. It includes the bright star Vega and the Ring Nebula.

Lysychansk pn
Lisiczańsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Lyubavichi pn
Lubawicze
a village in the Rudnyansky District of the Smolensk Oblast of Russia

Löwchen Löwchen Löwchens n
lwi piesek
An uncommon bichon bred in North-Western Europe.

Lübeck pn
Lubeka
TemplateParserError:LuaError, northeast of Hamburg; a major Baltic port and industrial center, the present city dates from 1143 and was the leading town of the Hanseatic League after its designation as a free city in 1226; it retained that status until 1937.

M. /ɛm/ n
wz.
abbreviation of model

MANPADS n
ppzr

MEP MEPs n
eurodeputowana eurodeputowany europarlamentarzysta europarlamentarzystka europoseł europosłanka
(EU politics) Initialism of Member of the European Parliament.

MFA MFAs n
magister sztuk pięknych
Initialism of Master of Fine Arts.

MILF /mɪlf/ MILFs n
MILF
(vulgar, slang, acronym) A (putative) mother found sexually attractive

MP3 pn
MP3
(audio, _, file format) MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3, an audio data compression format.

MP3 player MP3 players n
empetrójka odtwarzacz MP3
An electronic device for playing digital audio files in the MP3 format (and, in many cases, also files in some other formats and/or including a radio function).

MP4 MP4s n
MP4
(file format) Short for MPEG-4 Part 14; A file format for playing music and videos.

MRSA /ˈmɝsə/ /ˈɛm.ɑɹ.ɛs.eɪ/ /ˈɛm.ɑːɹ.ɛs.eɪ/ MRSAs n
MRSA
(microbiology, medicine) Initialism of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; a bacterium responsible for serious infections.

Maastricht /ˈmɑːstrɪkt/ pn
Maastricht
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

MacBook MacBooks n
MacBook
A MacBook-brand notebook computer, manufactured by Apple Computer.

Macarius pn
Makary

Macaronesia /ˌmakəɹəˈniːʒə/ pn
Makaronezja
A group of islands in the North Atlantic: the Azores, the Canary Islands, Cape Verde, Madeira and the Savage Islands.

Macau /məˈkaʊ/ pn
Makau Macao
A Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China just west of Hong Kong, previously under Portuguese control.

Macbeth /məkˈbɛθ/ pn
Makbet
A William Shakespeare play, about the Scottish royal family.
The eponymous main character of William Shakespeare's play.
An 11th-century king of Scotland.

Maccabee /ˈmæ.kəˌbi/ Maccabees n
Machabeusz
(biblical) A member of the Maccabees (a liberation movement in Israel who established Jewish independence in the Land of Israel in the second and first centuries BC).

Macedonia /ˌmæs.əˈdoʊ.ni.ə/ /ˌmæs.əˈdoʊn.jə/ /ˌmæs.əˈdəʊ.nɪ.ə/ pn
Macedonia
An ancient Greek kingdom, located to the north of Thessaly, comprising the Greek city of Thessaloniki and its surroundings.
A geographical region which includes the Republic of North Macedonia, the Greek region of Macedonia, the Pirin region of Bulgaria, and small parts of Albania and Serbia.

Macedonian /mæsəˈdəʊnɪən/ adj
macedoński
Of or pertaining to Macedonia or its people or language.

Macedonian /mæsəˈdəʊnɪən/ Macedonians n
Macedończyk Macedonka
(countable) A person from Macedonia (in any sense).
macedoński
(uncountable) A South Slavic language, the standard language of the Republic of North Macedonia.

Macerata pn
Macerata
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
A town, the capital of Macerata.

Machiavellianism Machiavellianisms n
makiawelizm
(philosophy, politics) A political philosophy, based on the writings of Machiavelli, especially The Prince, that advocates the use of ruthlessness and duplicity in political dealings.
(countable) A political maneuver that exemplifies the philosophy.
(by extension) Any ruthless, duplicitous behavior.

Machmeter Machmeters n
machometr
(aviation) An instrument that measures the speed of an aircraft relative to that of sound and displays it in Mach numbers.

Machovská Lhota pn
Machovská Lhota
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Machów /ˈmaxuːf/ pn
Machów
TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Macintosh Macintoshes n
Macintosh
(computing) A brand of personal computer manufactured by Apple Inc.

Madagascar /-ɑː/ /madəˈɡaskə/ /mædəˈɡæskɑɹ/ pn
Madagaskar
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Madagascar jacana Madagascar jacanas n
długoszpon madagaskarski
Actophilornis albinucha, a wader in the family Jacanidae.

Madeira /məˈdɪəɹ.ə/ pn
Madera
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Madonna /məˈdɒnə/ Madonnas pn
Madonna
(Christianity, sometimes with definite article) Synonym of Mary, mother of Jesus, especially in Catholic contexts.

Madras /məˈdɹæs/ /məˈdɹɑːs/ pn
Madras
, TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Madrid /məˈdɹɪd/ /ˈmædrɪd/ /ˈmædɹɪd/ pn
Madryt
TemplateParserError:LuaError, the Community of Madrid.

Madrilenian adj
madrycki
Of or pertaining to Madrid, Spain, or to its inhabitants.

Madurese pn
madurski
An Austronesian language spoken predominantly on the island of Madura.

Mafioso Mafiosi Mafiosos n
mafioso mafios mafioz mafiozo
An (especially male) member of the Mafia.

Magdalene /ˈmæɡdəlin/ /ˈmɔːdlɪn/ pn
Magdalena
A en given name

Magdeburg /ˈmaɡdəbɜːɡ/ /ˈmæɡdəbɝɡ/ pn
Magdeburg
TemplateParserError:LuaError, on the River Elbe.
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError

Magellan /məˈd͡ʒɛlən/ /məˈɡɛlən/ Magellans pn
Magellan
A surname.

Magellanic Cloud Magellanic Clouds n
Obłok Magellana
(galaxy) Either of two irregular galaxies that are close companions of our Milky Way galaxy.

Maggie /ˈmæɡi/ pn
Gosia Marzena Małgosia
A diminutive of the en given name Margaret.

Maghrebi more Maghrebi most Maghrebi adj
maghrebski
Of or relating to the Maghreb or its people.

Magna Carta /ˌmæɡnə ˈkɑːtə/ /ˌmæɡnə ˈkɑːɹtə/ [-ɾə] Magna Cartas Magnae Cartae Magnæ Cartæ pn
Magna Charta Libertatum
(historical) A charter granted by King John to the barons at Runnymede in 1215, which is one of the bases of English constitutional tradition; a physical copy of this charter, or a later version.

Magna Graecia pn
Wielka Grecja
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Maiden's Tower pn
Wieża Leandra Wieża Panny
A tower that sits on a small islet located in the Bosphorus in Istanbul, Turkey.

Main pn
Men
TemplateParserError:LuaError, flowing from Bavaria to the Rhine.

Maine /meɪn/ /mɛn/ pn
Maine
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
University of Maine.

Mainz /maɪn(t)s/ /maɪnts/ pn
Moguncja
TemplateParserError:LuaError, on the River Rhine.

Majesty /ˈmæd͡ʒ.ə.sti/ /ˈmæd͡ʒ.ɪ.sti/ pronoun
wysokość
a term of address for royalty and imperiality

Majorca /məˈd͡ʒɔɹ.kə/ /məˈd͡ʒɔː.kə/ /məˈjɔɹ.kə/ /məˈjɔː.kə/ pn
Majorka
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Makassar pn
Makasar
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Makhachkala pn
Machaczkała
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Makiyivka /mɑːˈkiːɪvkə/ pn
Makiejewka
TemplateParserError:LuaError, in Donetsk oblast.

Mala Vyska pn
Mała Wyska
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Malachi /ˈmæləkaɪ/ pn
Księga Malachiasza Malachiasz
(biblical) A book of the Old Testament of Bible, and of the Tanakh.
Malachiasz Księga Malachiasza
(biblical) A minor prophet.
Malachiasz
A en given name mostly used in Ireland as an anglicization of two Gaelic names.

Malawi /mɑːˈlɑːwi/ /məˈlɑːwi/ pn
Malawi
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Malawian adj
malawijski
Of, from, or pertaining to Malawi or the Malawian people.

Malawian Malawians n
Malawijczyk Malawijka
A person from Malawi or of Malawian descent.

Malay /meɪˈleɪ/ /məˈleɪ/ /ˈmeɪleɪ/ adj
malajski
Of or relating to the Malays, a people living in Brunei, on the eastern coast of Sumatra, the islands of Bangka and Belitung, the Riau archipelago and the coastal areas of Kalimantan in Indonesia, in most of Malaysia (states where they are politically dominant), in Singapore and in the southernmost provinces of Thailand.

Malay /meɪˈleɪ/ /məˈleɪ/ /ˈmeɪleɪ/ Malays n
Malaj Malajka
(countable) A person of Malay ancestry, referring to a diverse group of Austronesian peoples inhabiting the Malay archipelago and Malay peninsula in Southeast Asia.

Malay /meɪˈleɪ/ /məˈleɪ/ /ˈmeɪleɪ/ pn
malajski
(broad sense) The Malay language, an Austronesian language spoken by most Malay people and by others where it is an official language, including under the name Indonesian.

Malay Archipelago pn
Archipelag Malajski
the archipelago between mainland Southeastern Asia and Australia, that includes Indonesia, the Philippines, Brunei, East Malaysia and East Timor

Malay Peninsula pn
Półwysep Malajski
A peninsula in Southeast Asia containing the southernmost tip of Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia and Southern Thailand.

Malayalam /mæləˈjɑːləm/ /ˌmɑː.ləˈjɑː.ləm/ pn
malajalam
A Dravidian language spoken in the states of Kerala and Lakshadweep, India.

Malaysia /məlejsiə/ /məlejʃə/ /məˈleɪziə/ /məˈleɪʒə/ pn
Malezja
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Malaysian /məˈleɪ.zi.ən/ /məˈleɪ.ʒən/ adj
malezyjski
Pertaining to the country of Malaysia.
Pertaining to the Malay language.

Malaysian /məˈleɪ.zi.ən/ /məˈleɪ.ʒən/ Malaysians n
Malezyjczyk Malezyjka
A native of Malaysia.

Maldives /-divz/ /ˈmæl.daɪvz/ /ˈmɑl.daɪvz/ /ˈmɒl.diːvz/ /ˈmɔl.daɪvz/ /ˈmɔːl.daɪvz/ /ˈmɔːl.diːvz/ pn
Malediwy
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Mali /ˈmɑːli/ pn
Mali
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Malian adj
malijski
Of, from, or pertaining to Mali or the Malian people.

Malian Malians n
Malijczyk Malijka
A person from Mali or of Malian descent.

Malmö /ˈmalməʊ/ /ˈmɑlmoʊ/ /ˈmɑlmʊ/ /ˈmɑːlməʊ/ /ˈmɑːlmɜː/ pn
Malmö
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Malta /ˈmɑl.tə/ /ˈmɔl.tə/ /ˈmɔːl.tə/ pn
Malta
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Maltese /mɑlˈtiz/ /mɒlˈtiːz/ /mɔːlˈtiːz/ adj
maltański
Of or pertaining to Malta or its language.

Maltese /mɑlˈtiz/ /mɒlˈtiːz/ /mɔːlˈtiːz/ Maltese Malteses n
Maltańczyk Maltanka
(mostly, in the plural, plural "Maltese") An inhabitant or a resident of Malta.
maltańczyk
(plural "Malteses") A small breed of dog with a long silky coat.
(język) maltański maltański
(uncountable) The Semitic language of Malta.

Malthusian more Malthusian most Malthusian adj
maltuzjański
Of, or relating to Thomas Malthus (1766–1834) or his views on human population and world resources.

Malyn pn
Malin
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Malé /ˈmɑːleɪ/ /ˈmɑːlɛ/ pn
Male
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Mamoudzou pn
Mamoudzou
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Man pn
człowiek
The genus Homo.

Manama /məˈnɑːmə/ pn
Manama
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Manasseh /məˈnæ.sə/ pn
Manasses
The elder son of Joseph in the Bible, eponymous ancestor of one of the twelve tribes of Israel.

Manchester /mæn.ˈt͡ʃɛs.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈman.t͡ʃɪs.tə/ /ˈmæn.t͡ʃɛs.tɚ/ /ˈmæn.t͡ʃɪs.tə(ɹ)/ pn
Manchester
Any of several towns and cities in the United States of America:

Manchu /ˌmænˈt͡ʃuː/ adj
mandżurski
Manchurian, referring to the Manchu(rian) people.
Manchurian, referring to the Manchu language.

Manchu /ˌmænˈt͡ʃuː/ Manchus n
Mandżur Mandżurka
A person belonging to or descended from the indigenous people of Manchuria.

Manchu /ˌmænˈt͡ʃuː/ pn
mandżurski
The indigenous language of the Manchu people, spoken in Manchuria.

Manchuria /mænˈt͡ʃʊəɹiə/ pn
Mandżuria
(historical) The area traditionally inhabited by the Manchu people and their Jurchen predecessors, in modern China and Russia.

Manchurian /mænˈt͡ʃʊəɹiən/ Manchurians n
mandżurski
An inhabitant of Manchuria, especially one who is not of Han Chinese origin.

Mandaean /mænˈdiː.ən/ Mandaeans n
mandaita
(religion) A believer in, or follower of, Mandaeism

Mandaeism /ˈmæn.deɪ.ɪ.zəm/ pn
mandaizm mandeizm
A monotheistic religion of the Iraq region with a strongly dualistic and gnostic worldview, whose adherents (the Mandaeans) revere Adam and other Biblical figures, especially John the Baptist.

Mandalay /ˌmæn.dəˈleɪ/ pn
Mandalaj
TemplateParserError:LuaError (Myanmar)

Mandarin /mæn.də.ˈɹɪn/ /ˈmæn.də.ɹɪn/ n
mandaryński
Standard Mandarin, an official language of China and Taiwan, and one of four official languages in Singapore; Putonghua, Guoyu or Huayu.

Mangalica /mɑŋɡəˈliːtsə/ Mangalicas n
mangalica
A domestic pig of a Hungarian breed developed in the mid-19th century, which grows a thick, curly coat of hair.

Mangalore pn
Mangalore
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Manila /məˈnɪl.ə/ pn
Manila
(figuratively) The national government or administrative authority of the Philippines.

Manila hemp n
abaka manila
The fibre of the abaca.

Manitoba /ˌmæn.ɪˈtəʊ.bə/ /ˌmænɪˈtoʊbə/ pn
Manitoba
A province in Western Canada.

Manjuristics /ˌmæn.d͡ʒə.ˈɹɪs.tɪks/ n
mandżurystyka
The study of the Manchu language.

Mansi /ˈmænsi/ /ˈmɑːnsi/ Mansi Mansis n
Mans Mansyjka
A member of an ethnic group of people who live in Khantia-Mansia.

Mansi /ˈmænsi/ /ˈmɑːnsi/ pn
mansyjski
The Finno-Ugric language spoken by these people, now more often considered a group of closely related languages.

Mantua /ˈmæn.t(j)u.ə/ /ˈmæn.ə.weɪ/ pn
Mantua
Province of Lombardy, Italy.
City and capital of Mantua.

Manx /mæŋks/ Manx Manxes n
manx
A member or descendant of the Celto-Germanic people of the Isle of Man; a Manxman or Manxwoman.
A breed of domestic cat native to the Isle of Man, principally characterized by suppression of the tail, and with a short-haired coat and rounded, cobby body.

Manx /mæŋks/ pn
manx
(uncountable) A Goidelic language spoken on the Isle of Man.

Manx cat /mæŋks kæt/ Manx cats n
manx
A domestic cat of a breed that is native to the Isle of Man, principally characterized by suppression of the tail, and with a short-haired coat and a medium-sized, rounded, cobby body.

Maoism /ˈmaʊɪzəm/ Maoisms n
maoizm
The philosophy espoused by Chinese leader Mao Zedong, a form of Marxism-Leninism that focuses on the peasantry as the revolutionary vanguard.

Maoist more Maoist most Maoist adj
maoistowski
of, related to, or advocating Maoism

Maoist Maoists n
maoista maoistka
one who advocates Maoism

Maori /ˈmaʊɹi/ /ˈmæʊɹiː/ /ˈmɐʉɹiː/ [ˈmɑːɔɾi] adj
maoryski
Of, from, or pertaining to the Maori.

Maori /ˈmaʊɹi/ /ˈmæʊɹiː/ /ˈmɐʉɹiː/ [ˈmɑːɔɾi] Maori Maories Maoris n
maoryski Maorys Maorysi Maoryska
A member of the indigenous people of New Zealand.

Maramureș pn
Marmarosz
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Marathi /məˈɹɑːti/ Marathi n
marathi
(uncountable) A language spoken in the state of Maharashtra, India.

Marcel /mɑɹˈsɛl/ /mɑːˈsɛl/ pn
Marcel Marceli
A en given name

Marcellus pn
Marcel
A en given name.

March /mɑɹt͡ʃ/ /mɑːt͡ʃ/ Marches pn
marzec
The third month of the Gregorian calendar, following February and preceding April. Abbreviation: Mar or Mar.

March fly March flies n
leniowaty
Any of the family Bibionidae of dark hairy flies. [from 19th c.]

Marche pn
Marchia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Marcionism /ˈmɑːsɪənɪz(ə)m/ /ˈmɑːʃənɪz(ə)m/ n
marcjonizm
(Christianity) An early Christian following akin to but distinct from gnosticism which rejected the validity of the Old Testament and essentially denied the Trinity, regarding God the Father as an inferior demiurge, and that Jesus had nothing to do with the First Person of the Trinity.

Marfan syndrome Marfan syndromes n
zespół Marfana
A genetic disorder of the connective tissue that causes defects in the heart valves and aorta.

Margaret /-ət/ /ˈmɑɹɡəɹɪt/ /ˈmɑɹɡɹɪt/ /ˈmɑːɡəɹɪt/ /ˈmɑːɡɹɪt/ Margarets pn
Małgorzata
A en given name.

Marhanets pn
Marganiec
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Mari El pn
Mari Eł
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Marian /ˈme(ə)ɹiən/ /ˈmɛəɹiən/ /ˈmɛɹiən/ more Marian most Marian adj
maryjny
(Christianity) Of or relating to the Virgin Mary.

Mariana Trench pn
Rów Mariański
(oceanography) A submarine trench in the North Pacific Ocean, noted for having the deepest known point on Earth.

Marianas pn
Mariany
TemplateParserError:LuaError, a part of the geographical Micronesia.

Mariehamn pn
Maarianhamina Mariehamn
The capital of Åland, an autonomous province of Finland.

Marijampolė pn
Mariampol

Marina /məˈɹiːnə/ pn
Maryna
A transliteration of the Russian female given name Марина (Marina).

Mario /ˈmaɹiəʊ/ /ˈmæɹioʊ/ /ˈmæɹiəʉ/ /ˈmɐːɹiəʉ/ /ˈmɑɹioʊ/ /ˈmɑːɹiəʊ/ /ˈmɛɹioʊ/ Marios pn
Mariusz
A en given name.

Mariological more Mariological most Mariological adj
mariologiczny
Of or pertaining to Mariology.

Mariology Mariologies n
mariologia
The theological study of the Virgin Mary.

Mariupol /-pɑl/ /-pəl/ /meɹ.iˈuː.poʊl/ /mæɹ.iˈuː.poʊl/ /mæɹ.iˈuː.pɒl/ /mɑː.ɹiˈuː.poʊl/ /mɛɹ.iˈuː.poʊl/ /ˈmeɹ.iu-/ /ˈmæɹ.iu-/ /ˈmɛɹ.iu-/ pn
Mariupol
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Mariupolitan more Mariupolitan most Mariupolitan adj
mariupolski

Mariupolitan Mariupolitans n
mariupolanin mariupolanka

Marius pn
Mariusz
A en given name.

Mark /maːk/ /mɑɹk/ /mɑː(ɹ)k/ Marks pn
Marek
A en given name.
Marek Margusz Markusz Merkusz
Mark the Evangelist, also called John Mark, the first patriarch of Alexandria, credited with the authorship of the Gospel of Mark.
Marek Margusz Markusz Merkusz Ewangelia Marka
(biblical) The Gospel of St. Mark, a book of the New Testament of the Bible. Traditionally the second of the four gospels.

Markov chain Markov chains n
łańcuch Markowa
(probability theory) A discrete-time stochastic process with the Markov property.

Maronite /ˈmærəˌnaɪt/ adj
maronicki
Of or pertaining to Saint Maron or the Maronite Church.

Maronite /ˈmærəˌnaɪt/ Maronites n
maronita maronitka
A member of the Maronite Church.

Marrakech /məˈɹæ.kɛʃ/ /məˈɹɑ.kɛʃ/ /ˌmæɹ.əˈkɛʃ/ pn
Marrakesz
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Mars /ˈmɑɹz/ /ˈmɑːz/ pn
Mars
(astronomy) The fourth planet in the solar system. Symbol: ♂
(Roman god) The Roman god of war.
The Mars Bar, a brand of chocolate bar with caramel and nougat filling.

Marseillais Marseillais n
marsylczyk marsylianin
A native or inhabitant of Marseille in France.

Marseillaise /mɑː.seɪˈjɛz/ /mɑːɹseɪˈjɛz/ pn
Marsylianka
The French national anthem, La Marseillaise, with at least seven verses plus the chorus.

Marseille /mɑː(ɹ)ˈseɪ/ pn
Marsylia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Marseille soap Marseille soaps n
mydło marsylskie
A kind of hard soap, made from vegetable oils.

Marshall Islands /ˈmaːʃəl ˈaɪləndz/ /ˈmɑɹ.ʃəl ˈaɪ.ləndz/ /ˈmɑː.ʃəl ˈaɪ.ləndz/ pn
Wyspy Marshalla
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Martha /ˈmɑɹθə/ /ˈmɑːθə/ pn
Marta
A en given name of biblical origin.

Martian /ˈmɑɹʃən/ /ˈmɑːʃən/ adj
marsjański
Of or relating to the planet Mars, or (science fiction) its imagined inhabitants. [from 19th c.]

Martian /ˈmɑɹʃən/ /ˈmɑːʃən/ Martians n
Marsjanin Marsjanka
(astrology) A person under the astrological influence of the planet Mars.
(chiefly, science fiction) An inhabitant of the planet Mars.

Martian /ˈmɑɹʃən/ /ˈmɑːʃən/ pn
marsjański
(science fiction) A hypothetical language spoken on Mars.

Martin /ˈmɑɹ.tn̩/ /ˈmɑː.tɪn/ Martins pn
Marcin
A en given name originally given in honor of a fourth century soldier-saint.

Martina /mɑɹˈtinə/ pn
Martyna
A en given name.

Martinique /ˌmɑː(ɹ)tɪˈniːk/ pn
Martynika
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Martinmas Martinmases n
Dzień Świętego Marcina
St Martin's Day, 11th November. A Scottish quarter day.

Marxism Marxisms n
marksizm
The socialist and communist philosophy and political program founded by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.
The socialist and communist theory of the followers of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels; a radical, revolutionary political philosophy that aims to capture state power, introduce a dictatorship of the proletariat, and then progress to communism.

Marxist /ˈmɑːksɪst/ /ˈmɑːɹksɪst/ adj
marksistowski
Following the ideals of Marxism.

Mary /ˈmeː.ɹi/ /ˈmɛə.ɹi/ /ˈmɛɚ.i/ /ˈmɛɹ.i/ Maries Marys pn
Maryja Maria
Mary of Bethany, the sister of Lazarus and Martha.
(Islam) The 19th sura (chapter) of the Qur'an, recounting the events leading up to the birth of Jesus.
Maria Maryja
(Ireland, dated) A male middle name, given in honour of the Virgin Mary.

Mary Magdalene pn
Maria Magdalena
(biblical character) A female disciple of Jesus.

Maryinka pn
Marjinka
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Maryland /ˈmæɹɪlənd/ /ˈmɛəɹɪlənd/ /ˈmɛɹələn/ /ˈmɛɹɪlənd/ pn
Maryland
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError, roughly matching the present state.

Mascarene Islands pn
Maskareny
TemplateParserError:LuaError, consisting of Mauritius, Réunion, Rodrigues and the Cargados Carajos.

Masoretic /mæsəˈɹɛtɪk/ adj
masorecki
Of or relating to the Masorah, or to its authors.

Masovia /məˈzoʊ.vi.ə/ pn
Mazowsze
(historical) A historic and geographical region of Poland, situated in the east of the country.

Masovian adj
mazowiecki
of, or pertaining to, Masovia

Masovian Masovians n
Mazowszanin Mazowszanka
Someone from Masovia

Masovian Voivodeship pn
województwo mazowieckie
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Mass /ˈmæs/ Masses n
msza
(Roman Catholic Church) The principal liturgical service of the Church, encompassing both a scripture service (Liturgy of the Word) and a eucharistic service (Liturgy of the Eucharist), which includes the consecration and oblation (offering) of the host and wine.

Massachusetts /ˌmæsəˈtʃuːzɪts/ /ˌmæsəˈt͡ʃuːsɪts/ pn
Massachusetts
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Master of Arts Masters of Arts n
magister
A postgraduate degree usually in a non-science subject.
A person holding such a degree.

Master of Science Masters of Science n
magister
A degree that usually requires 2-3 years beyond a Bachelor of Science and emphasizes science and scientific applications. The degree is less advanced than a Doctorate degree.

Masuria pn
Mazury
TemplateParserError:LuaError, historically part of East Prussia.

Masurian adj
mazurski
Of, from, or pertaining to Masuria or its culture or people

Masurian Masurians n
Mazur Mazurka
Someone from Masuria.

Mathewson Mathewsons pn
Matejewicz
A surname originating as a patronymic.

Matilda /məˈtɪldə/ pn
Matylda
A en given name.

Matsuyama pn
Matsuyama
A surname from Japanese.

Mattathias /ˌmætəˈθaɪ.əs/ pn
Matatiasz
(Christianity, in Luke’s genealogy of Christ) The son of Amos and father of Joseph, six-times-great–grandfather of Jesus.
(Christianity, in Luke’s genealogy of Christ) The son of Semei and father of Mahath, twelve-times-great–grandfather of Jesus.

Matthew /-(j)ɪu̯/ /ˈmæθjuː/ Matthews pn
Mateusz Maciej
A en given name of biblical origin.
Mateusz Ewangelia Mateusza Ewangelia według świętego Mateusza
(biblical) The Gospel of St. Matthew, the first book of the New Testament of the Bible. Traditionally the first of the four gospels, a book attributed to Matthew the Evangelist.

Matthias /məˈθaɪəs/ pn
Maciej
The Apostle chosen to replace Judas Iscariot. (biblical character)
A en given name, derived from the same source as Matthew.

Mau Mau pn
makao
(game) A popular card game for two or more players, similar to crazy eights.

Maundy Thursday pn
Wielki Czwartek
The Thursday before Easter, which commemorates the Last Supper.

Maurice /mɔˈɹis/ /məˈɹis/ /məˈɹiːs/ /ˈmɒɹɪs/ pn
Maurycy
A en given name, equivalent to English Morris.

Mauritania /ˌmɒɹɪˈteɪni.ə/ /ˌmɔːɹɪˈteɪni.ə/ pn
Mauretania
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Mauritanian more Mauritanian most Mauritanian adj
mauretański
Of, from, or pertaining to Mauritania, the Mauritanian people or the Mauritanian language.

Mauritanian Mauritanians n
Mauretanka Mauretańczyk
A person from Mauritania or of Mauritanian descent.

Mauritian adj
maurytyjski
Of, from, or pertaining to Mauritius, its people, or their language or culture.

Mauritian Mauritians n
Maurytyjczyk Maurytyjka
A person from Mauritius or of Mauritian descent.

Mauritius /mɔːˈɹɪʃəs/ /məˈɹɪʃiəs/ /məˈɹɪʃəs/ pn
Mauritius
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
A en given name, found e.g. in St. Mauritius.

Mauser Mausers n
mauzer
Any of the firearms made or designed by the German company Mauser, notably automatic pistols and bolt action rifles.

Maximilian pn
Maksymilian
A en given name, rare in English.

May /meɪ/ Mays pn
maj
The fifth month of the Gregorian calendar, following April and preceding June.

May Day May Days n
Święto Pracy
Labour Day, the first day of May, a worldwide workers' holiday.

Maya /ˈmaɪə/ pn
Maja
A en given name of modern usage.

Maykop /maɪˈkɒp/ pn
Majkop
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Mayotte /maɪˈɒt/ pn
Majotta
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Mazar-i-Sharif pn
Mazar-i Szarif
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Mažeikiai pn
Możejki
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

McCarthyism pn
maccartyzm makkartyzm
The intense opposition to, and fear and suspicion of, Communism, particularly in the United States during the 1950s.

McDonald's McDonald's McDonald'ses pn
McDonald's
A widespread chain of fast food restaurants.

McDonaldization n
makdonaldyzacja
The process by which institutions in society become standardized and focused on efficiency and predictability.

Mecca /ˈmɛkə/ Meccas n
mekka
(figuratively, sometimes, _, offensive) Any place considered to be a very important place to visit by people with a particular interest.

Mecca /ˈmɛkə/ pn
Mekka
(sometimes, _, proscribed) TemplateParserError:LuaError, the holiest place in Islam, location of the sacred Ka'ba, and to which Muslims are required to make a hajj at least once in their lifetime, if possible.

Mecklenburg Mecklenburgs pn
Meklemburgia
(uncountable) An area in Baltic northern Germany.
(countable) A surname from German.

Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania pn
Meklemburgia-Pomorze Przednie
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Mede Medes n
Med Medyjczyk Medyjka
Any of a Western Iranian people who inhabited the ancient region of Media.

Medea /məˈdiːə/ /mɪˈdiːə/ pn
Medea
(Greek mythology) An enchantress who helped Jason obtain the Golden Fleece.

Media /ˈmiːdɪə/ pn
Media
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError, originally inhabited by the Medes
(historical) The territories corresponding to the empire ruled by dynasts from Media.

MediaWiki /ˈmiːdi.əˌwɪki/ pn
MediaWiki

Medina /məˈdinə/ pn
Medyna
TemplateParserError:LuaError; a city, holy to Islam, 200 miles north of Mecca along the Hejaz, from which the Hejira was launched; contains Muhammad's tomb.

Mediterranean /ˌmɛdɪtəˈɹeɪnɪən/ [mɛdɪtəˈɹeɪnjən] [mɛɾəɾəˈɹeɪnɪən] more Mediterranean most Mediterranean adj
śródziemnomorski
Of or pertaining to the Mediterranean Sea and the region around it.

Mediterranean Sea /ˌmɛ.də.təˈɹeɪ.ni.ən ˈsi/ /ˌmɛ.də.təˈɹeɪ.njən ˈsi/ /ˌmɛ.dɪ.təˈɹeɪ.nɪ.ən ˈsiː/ pn
Morze Śródziemne
The sea between Europe and Africa.

Mediterranean gull Mediterranean gulls n
mewa czarnogłowa
Ichthyaetus melanocephalus, a small gull of the Western Palearctic.

Medusa /məˈduːsə/ /mɪˈdjuːsə/ /mɪˈdjuːzə/ pn
Meduza
(Greek mythology) The youngest and only mortal of the three gorgon sisters, killed by Perseus.

Medvedev Medvedevs pn
Miedwiediew
A transliteration of the Russian surname Медве́дев (Medvédev).

Medyka pn
Medyka
Ellipsis of Gmina Medyka.: TemplateParserError:LuaError

Megaera pn
Megajra Megiera
(Greek god) One of the Furies, Erinyes in Greek mythology, the cause of jealousy and envy, who punishes people who commit crimes, especially marital infidelity.

Meissen pn
Miśnia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Mekong /mɛˈkɔːŋ/ /ˈmikɔŋ/ pn
Mekong
TemplateParserError:LuaError that flows about 4,183 km (2,600 miles) from Tibet to the South China Sea in Vietnam.

Melanesia /ˌmɛl.əˈni.ʒə/ /ˌmɛl.əˈniː.zi.ə/ pn
Melanezja
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Melanesian adj
melanezyjski
Of or relating to Melanesia.

Melanesian Melanesians n
Melanezyjczyk Melanezyjka
A Melanesian person.

Melania pn
Melania
A en given name

Melanie pn
Melania
A en given name.

Melbourne /ˈmelbn̩/ /ˈmælbn̩/ /ˈmɛl.bɔːn/ /ˈmɛl.bən/ /ˈmɛl.bɚn/ pn
Melbourne
TemplateParserError:LuaError, located in the East Midlands.

Melchior /ˈmɛl.ki.ɔː(ɹ)/ pn
Melchior
One of the Magi according to medieval Christian legend.
(rather rare) A en given name.

Melchizedek /mɛlˈkɪzədɛk/ pn
Melchizedek
A king and priest mentioned in the book of Genesis; contemporary of Abraham.

Melitopol pn
Melitopol
TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Melkite /ˈmɛlkaɪt/ /ˈmɛlkʌɪt/ Melkites n
melchita melkita
(historical) In 5th-century Syria and Egypt, a sobriquet applied to Chalcedonians by their opponents, denoting the Chalcedonians' fidelity to the Byzantine emperor.
(since the Great Schism) A member of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria, the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch or the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem; ellipsis of Orthodox Melkite.
(since 1724) A member of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church; ellipsis of Catholic Melkite.

Member of Parliament Members of Parliament n
deputowany poseł deputowana parlamentarzysta parlamentarzystka posłanka
(UK, Canada, Australia, NZ) A representative elected by the voters of an electoral district to a house of a parliament.

Memnon pn
Memnon
(Greek mythology) An Ethiopian king and son of Tithonus and Eos. Considered a great warrior, he fought on the side of Troy and was killed by Achilles.

Menelaus /ˌmɛn.ɪˈleɪ.əs/ pn
Menelaos
(Greek mythology) the king of Mycenaean Sparta, the husband of Helen of Troy, the brother of Agamemnon, the leader of the Spartan contingent of the Greek army during the Trojan War

Mensa /ˈmɛnsə/ pn
Stół
(constellation) A summer constellation of the southern sky, originally named after Table Mountain in South Africa. It lies between the constellations of Hydrus and Volans.

Menshevik /ˈmɛnʃəvɪk/ Mensheviki Mensheviks n
mienszewik
(now, chiefly, historical) A member of the gradualist or moderate wing of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party during the years preceding the Russian Revolution, when they split with the Bolsheviks; or a member of a later independent moderate-Marxist party formed in 1917. [from 20th c.]

Mephistophelean more Mephistophelean most Mephistophelean adj
mefistofeliczny
Showing the cunning or ingenuity or wickedness typical of a devil.

Mephistopheles /ˌmɛ.fɪˈstɒ.fɪ.liːz/ pn
Mefistofeles
The Devil to whom Faust sold his soul in the legend.

Mercedes /məˈseɪdiz/ /mɚˈseɪdiz/ Mercedes n
Mercedes
, a car manufactured by Mercedes-Benz.

Mercurian Mercurians n
Merkurianin Merkurianka
(science fiction) An inhabitant of the planet Mercury.

Mercury /ˈmɜː(ɹ)kjʊɹi/ /ˈmɝk(ə)ɹi/ /ˈmɝkjəɹi/ pn
Merkury
(astronomy) The planet in the solar system with the closest orbit to the Sun, named after the god; represented by ☿.
(Roman god) The Roman god associated with speed, sometimes used as a messenger, wearing winged sandals; the Roman counterpart of the Greek god Hermes.

Merefa pn
Merefa
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Merlin /ˈmɜːlɪn/ /ˈmɝlɪn/ Merlins pn
Merlin
A wizard in the Arthurian legend.

Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year phraseologicalUnit
wesołych Świąt i szczęśliwego Nowego Roku!
A traditional greeting for Christmas and the new year.

Meryl pn
Maryla
A en given name.

Mesolithic n
mezolit
Short for the Mesolithic period.

Mesopotamia /mɛsəpəˈteɪmɪə/ pn
Mezopotamia
A region in Southwest Asia spanning from the rivers Euphrates and Tigris that is the site of one of the most ancient civilizations in the history of man.

Mesopotamian /mɛsəpəˈteɪmɪən/ adj
mezopotamski
Of or pertaining to Mesopotamia.

Mesozoic more Mesozoic most Mesozoic adj
mezozoiczny
(geology) Of a geologic era within the Phanerozoic eon that comprises the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous periods from about 230 to 65 million years ago, when life on earth was dominated by reptiles.

Mesozoic pn
era mezozoiczna mezozoik
(geology) The Mesozoic era.

Messiah pn
Mesjasz
(Christianity) Jesus.

Messidor /ˈmɛsɪdɔː/ /ˌmɛsɪˈdɔɹ/ Messidors pn
messidor
(historical) The tenth month of the French Republican Calendar, from June 19 or 20 to July 18 or 19.

Messina /mɛˈsiːnə/ Messinas pn
Mesyna Messyna
A surname from Italian.

Messinian pn
messyn

Methodism Methodisms n
metodyzm
The Methodist Christian movement founded by John Wesley in 18th-century England.

Methodist /ˈmɛθədɪst/ more Methodist most Methodist adj
metodystyczny
Of or pertaining to the branch of Christianity that descends from the religious societies overseen by John Wesley (1703–1791) among others.

Methodist /ˈmɛθədɪst/ Methodists n
metodysta metodystka
A member of the Methodist Church; a Wesleyan.

Methodius pn
Metody
A en given name, notably of the Byzantine Christian theologian and missionary.

Methuselah pn
Matuzalem Metuszelach
The oldest person whose age is recorded in the Hebrew Bible, having reportedly lived 969 years.

Meuse /mjuːz/ pn
Moza
TemplateParserError:LuaError that flows about 901 km (560 mi) from France through Belgium (Wallonia region) to the North Sea at the Netherlands.
TemplateParserError:LuaError (INSEE code 55).

Mexican /ˈmɛksək(ə)n/ /ˈmɛksɪk(ə)n/ more Mexican most Mexican adj
meksykański
Of, from, or pertaining to the country of Mexico.

Mexican /ˈmɛksək(ə)n/ /ˈmɛksɪk(ə)n/ Mexicans n
Meksykanin Meksykanka
An individual from the country of Mexico or of Mexican descent.

Mexican chickadee Mexican chickadees n
sikora meksykańska
Poecile sclateri, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

Mexican wave Mexican waves n
meksykańska fala
(UK, Ireland, Australia, NZ) A phenomenon that primarily occurs at sports events, where the members of the crowd stand up and/or raise their hands in turn, creating the illusion of a wave passing through the crowd.

Mexican wolf Mexican wolves n
wilk meksykański
A rare subspecies of grey wolf, Canis lupus baileyi

Mexicanness n
meksykańskość
The quality or characteristic of being Mexican.

Mexico /ˈmɛ.hi.koʊ/ /ˈmɛ.hi.kəʊ/ /ˈmɛk.sɪ.koʊ/ /ˈmɛk.sɪ.kəʊ/ pn
Meksyk
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
(rare) Short for Mexico City, TemplateParserError:LuaError.
Short for Mexico State, TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError, now submerged under Lake Tawakoni.

Mexico City /ˈmɛk.sɪ.koʊ sɪɾi/ /ˈmɛk.sɪ.kəʊ sɪti/ pn
Meksyk
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

MiG MiGs n
mig
Any of a series of Soviet and Russian fighter aircraft.

Miami /maɪˈæmi/ /maɪˈæmə/ pn
Miami
an extinct indigenous people of Florida.
Ellipsis of Miami River.; TemplateParserError:LuaError, a river flowing past the city of Miami, Dade.

Micah /ˈmaɪkə/ Micahs pn
Księga Micheasza Micheasz
A book of the Old Testament of Bible, and of the Tanakh.
Micheasz Księga Micheasza
(especially) The minor prophet and author of the Book of Micah.
An Ephraimite featured in Judges 17–18 and protagonist of the Micah’s idol narrative. Also called Michas.
A en given name
A en given name.

Michael /ˈmaɪkəl/ [ˈmɐɪ.kɫ̩] Michaels pn
Michał Święty Michał Archanioł
(Judaism, Christianity, Islam) An archangel associated with defending the faithful in the tribulation.
Michał
A surname transferred from the given name.

Michaela /mɪˈkeɪ.lə/ pn
Michalina
A en given name.

Michelangelo /ˌmaɪkəlˈænd͡ʒəloʊ/ /ˌmaɪkəlˈænd͡ʒɪloʊ/ pn
Michał Anioł
A 15th- and 16th-century Italian artist, full name Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475–1564).

Michigan /ˈmɪʃəɡɪn/ /ˈmɪʃɪɡən/ pn
Michigan
University of Michigan.

Mickey D's pn
Mak

Mickey Mouse pn
Myszka Miki
The most famous Disney cartoon character, an anthropomorphic mouse with a falsetto voice and a cheerful disposition.

Micronesia /ˌmaɪ.kɹoʊˈniː.zi.ə/ /ˌmaɪ.kɹoʊˈniː.ʒə/ /ˌmaɪ.kɹəʊˈniː.zi.ə/ /ˌmaɪ.kɹəʊˈniː.ʃə/ /ˌmaɪ.kɹəʊˈniː.ʒə/ /ˌmaɪkroʊˈniːʒə/ pn
Mikronezja
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Microscopium pn
Mikroskop
(constellation) A faint constellation of the southern spring sky, said to resemble a microscope. It lies south of the constellation of Capricornus.

Microsoft /ˈmaɪkɹoʊˌsɑft/ /ˈmaɪkɹoʊˌsɔft/ /ˈmaɪkɹəˌsɑft/ /ˈmaɪkɹəˌsɒft/ /ˈmaɪkɹəˌsɔft/ pn
Microsoft
(trademark) Microsoft Corporation.

Midas /ˈmaɪ.dəs/ pn
Midas
(Greek mythology) A king who sought and was for a while granted the cherished but subtly dangerous magical power to turn anything he touched into gold.

Middle Ages /ˌmɪdl̩ ˈeɪdʒɪz/ pn
średniowiecze
(history) The period of primarily European history between the decline of the Western Roman Empire (antiquity) and the early modern period or the Renaissance; the time between c. 500 and 1500.

Middle America pn
Ameryka Środkowa
A geographical region comprising Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean

Middle East pn
Bliski Wschód Środkowy Wschód
(geopolitics) The region comprising West Asia without the South Caucasus and additionally including all of Egypt (not just the Sinai) and all of Turkey (not just Asian Turkey).

Middle Eastern more Middle Eastern most Middle Eastern adj
bliskowschodni
Of or relating to the Middle East.

Middle English pn
średnioangielski
The ancient or older language of Modern English, spoken in England and parts of Scotland (where it became Lowland Scots) from about 1100 AD to 1500 AD. It developed from Anglo-Saxon, also called Old English, with heavy influence from French and Latin after the Norman invasion.

Middle High German adj
średnio-wysoko-niemiecki
Concerning the Middle High German language.

Middle Kingdom pn
Państwo Środka
(literary) China.
Średnie Państwo
(historical) Egypt from the time of its reunification under Mentuhotep II in the 11th Dynasty (ending the First Intermediate Period) to its disintegration during the 13th Dynasty and the beginning of the Second Intermediate Period.

Middle Persian pn
pahlawi średnioperski
The ancestor of New Persian spoken from around 300 BC till about 800 AD, evolving from Old Persian.

Middle Polish pn
średniopolski
A historical form of the Polish language, spoken between the 16th and 18th centuries.

Middle-earth pn
Śródziemie
(fiction) The main setting of J. R. R. Tolkien's Lord of the Rings and other works.

Midrash /ˈmɪdrɑːʃ/ Midrashim Midrashot Midrashoth n
midrasz
A Rabbinic commentary on a text from the Hebrew Scripture.
The Rabbinic technique or tradition of such exegesis.

Milan /məˈlæn/ /məˈlɑn/ /mɪˈlæn/ /mɪˈlɑːn/ /mᵻˈlan/ /ˈmaɪlən/ /ˈmaɪlɪn/ pn
Milan
A en given name.
Mediolan
TemplateParserError:LuaError, the province surrounding the city.
Ellipsis of AC Milan, the Italian city's football club/soccer team.

Milanese adj
mediolański
From, or pertaining to, Milan.

Milanese Milanese Milaneses n
mediolańczyk mediolanka
A native or inhabitant of Milan.

Mileikowsky pn
Milejkowski
A transliteration of the Russian surname Миле́йковский (Miléjkovskij).

Miletus /maɪˈliːtəs/ pn
Milet
ancient Greek city on the west coast of Caria, Anatolia

Milky Way pn
Droga Mleczna
(galaxy) The Milky Way Galaxy, the galaxy in which Earth is located; extension of the night sky phenomenon.
(astronomy) A broad band of diffuse white light, visible in the night sky; our view of the dense portions of the Milky Way Galaxy from inside the galaxy. [from late 14th c.]

Miller /ˈmɪlɚ/ Millers pn
Młynarska Młynarski
(countable) An English and Scottish surname originating as an occupation for a miller.

Miltiades pn
Milcjades
A en given name

Minecraft /maɪn.kɹæft/ /maɪn.kɹɐːft/ /maɪn.kɹɑːft/ [ˈmaɪ̯ŋ.kɹæft] pn
Minecraft
(video games) A sandbox video game (released 2011) in which players explore a three-dimensional world made of blocks and can craft items and build structures.

Minecrafter /ˈmaɪnkɹɑːftə/ /ˈmaɪnˌkɹæftɚ/ Minecrafters n
gracz Minecrafta
(video games) A person who plays the game Minecraft.

Minecrafty Minecraftier Minecraftiest more Minecrafty most Minecrafty adj
minecraftowy
(video games, informal) Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of Minecraft.

Minerva /mɪˈnɜː.və/ /mɪˈnɝ.və/ Minervas pn
Minerwa
(Roman god) The goddess of wisdom, especially strategic warfare, and the arts, especially crafts and in particular weaving. She is the Roman counterpart of Athena.

Miniature Pinscher Miniature Pinschers n
ratler
A small breed of pinscher bred in Germany to hunt small vermin, especially rats.

Minnesota /ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə/ [ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊɾə] pn
Minnesota
University of Minnesota, Twin Cities.

Minorca /mɪˈnɔː(ɹ)kə/ pn
Minorka
A breed of poultry.

Minsk /mɪnsk/ pn
Mińsk Mieńsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Minsker Minskers n
mińszczanin mińszczanka
A resident of Minsk.

Miocene /ˈmaɪəsiːn/ more Miocene most Miocene adj
mioceński
(geology) Of a geologic epoch within the Neogene period from about 23 to 5.3 million years ago; marked by the drift of continents to their present position.

Miocene /ˈmaɪəsiːn/ pn
miocen
(geology) The Miocene epoch.

Miranda warning Miranda warnings n
ostrzeżenie Mirandy

Miskolc pn
Miszkolc
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Miss /mɪs/ /ˈmɪz/ Misses Mlles n
panna
Form of address, now used chiefly for an unmarried woman; used chiefly of girls before the mid-1700s, and thereafter used also of adult women without regard to marital status.
Form of address for a teacher or a waitress.

Mississippi /ˌmɪ.sɪˈsɪ.pi/ pn
Missisipi
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError that flows from north-central Minnesota into the Gulf of Mexico.

Mississippian /ˌmɪ.sɪˈsɪ.pi.ən/ adj
missisipijski
Of, or pertaining to, Mississippi or its culture.

Mississippian /ˌmɪ.sɪˈsɪ.pi.ən/ pn
missisip mississip mississipp
(geology) The Mississippian epoch.

Missouri /mə-/ /mɪˈzɔːɹi/ /mɪˈzɝ.i/ /mɪˈzɝ.ə/ /mɪˈzʊəɹi/ /mɪˈzʊɹ.i/ pn
Missouri
An indigenous Siouan tribe that originally lived in the Great Lakes region of United States.

Mithraic adj
mitraistyczny
Of or relating to Mithraism.

Mithraism pn
mitraizm
An astrology-based, middle-platonic mystery religion of the 1st-4th century Roman Empire that claimed to have been founded by Zoroaster, admitted only men, and was especially popular among the Roman military.

Mithraist Mithraists n
mitraita
A follower of Mithraism.

Miusynsk pn
Miusynśk
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Mladá Boleslav pn
Mladá Boleslav
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Mnemosyne /nɪˈmɒ.sɪ.ni/ /nɪˈmɒ.zɪ.ni/ pn
Mnemosyne
(Greek god) A Titaness and the personification of thought, intellect and memory. She is the daughter of Gaia and Uranus, and the mother of the Muses by Zeus.

Moab /ˈmoʊ.æb/ /ˈməʊ.æb/ pn
Moab

Moabite /ˈmoʊ.əˌbaɪt/ /ˈməʊ.əˌbaɪt/ Moabites n
Moabita Moabitka
A native or inhabitant of Moab.

Moabite /ˈmoʊ.əˌbaɪt/ /ˈməʊ.əˌbaɪt/ pn
moabicki
An extinct Canaanite Semitic language, spoken in Moab (modern-day northwestern Jordan). Extinct since 5th century BCE.

Mocha pn
Mokka
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
A en given name.
A surname.

Modena /ˈmoʊdɪnə/ /ˈmɒdɪnə/ pn
Modena
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Modern Greek pn
nowogrecki
The Greek language as spoken by the Greek people since the fall of Constantinople in 1453. It was written using polytonic script until 1982, when this was officially dropped in favour of monotonic.

Modern Monetary Theory pn
Nowoczesna teoria monetarna
A heterodox economic school of thought that posits that fiscal policy, set to constrain inflation and enable full employment, should be the primary economic stabiliser and prioritises reflection on the nature of money from a chartalist perspective.

Modern Standard Arabic pn
fusha współczesny standardowy język arabski
The standard and literary variety of Arabic used in writing and in formal speech in the Arab world since c. the 19th century.

Moebius syndrome n
zespół Möbiusa
(neurology) A rare congenital disorder characterized by facial paralysis and an inability to move one's eyes from side to side.

Mogadishu /-ˈdɪʃ-/ /ˌmoʊ.ɡəˈdi.ʃu/ /ˌmɒɡəˈdiːʃuː/ pn
Mogadiszu
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Mogilev pn
Mohylew Mogilew
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Mohammedan /-n̩/ /moʊˈhæm.ə.dən/ /məˈhæm.ɪ.dən/ adj
mahometański
(now, largely, _, obsolete, and, offensive) Muslim, Islamic.

Mohammedan /-n̩/ /moʊˈhæm.ə.dən/ /məˈhæm.ɪ.dən/ Mohammedans n
mahometanin mahometanka
(now, largely, _, obsolete, and, offensive) Muslim.

Mohawk /ˈmoʊhɔːk/ Mohawk Mohawks n
irokez
A hairstyle where both sides are shaved, with the hair along the crest of the head kept long, and usually styled so as to stand straight up.

Mohyliv-Podilskyi pn
Mohylów Podolski
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Moldova /mɑlˈdoʊ.və/ /mɒlˈdəʊ.və/ /mɔlˈdoʊ.və/ /ˈmɒl.də.və/ pn
Mołdawia Mołdowa
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Moldovan adj
mołdawski
Relating to the country of Moldova.
Relating to the Moldovan language.

Moldovan Moldovans n
Mołdawianin Mołdawianka
An inhabitant of the Republic of Moldova.

Molochansk pn
Mołoczanśk
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Molodohvardiisk pn
Mołodohwardijśk
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Molotov cocktail /ˈmɒ.ləˌtɒf ˈkɒk.teɪl/ /ˈmɔ.ləˌtɔv ˈkɔk.teɪl/ Molotov cocktails n
koktajl Mołotowa
A crude incendiary bomb made from a glass bottle, either filled with a flammable liquid such as petroleum and supplied with a rag for a fuse that is lit just before being hurled, or filled with such a mix of flammable liquids that it ignites itself when it is smashed and its contents are exposed to air.

Moltoni's warbler Moltoni's warblers n
pokrzewka wąsata
Sylvia subalpina, an Old World warbler.

Momus pn
Momos
(Greek mythology) The personification of satire and mockery.

Mon Mon Mons n
pn. pon.
Monday
Mon Monijka
A member of a people living primarily in the Mon State of Myanmar (also known as Burma), and in Thailand.

Mon pn
moński
The language of this people, in the Austroasiatic language family.

Mona Lisa /ˌmoʊnə ˈlisə/ /ˌməʊnə ˈliːzə/ Mona Lisas pn
Gioconda Mona Lisa
A painting by Leonardo da Vinci, widely considered as the most famous painting in history.

Monaco /mɒˈnɑː.kəʊ/ /ˈmɑ.nə.koʊ/ /ˈmɒ.nə.kəʊ/ pn
Monako
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Monastir pn
Bitola
(historical) Bitola in North Macedonia.

Monastyryshche pn
Monasterzyska Monastyryszcze
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Monastyryska pn
Monasterzyska
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Monday /ˈmʌn.deɪ/ /ˈmʌn.di/ adv
w poniedziałek poniedziałek
(US, Canada) on Monday

Monday /ˈmʌn.deɪ/ /ˈmʌn.di/ Mondays n
poniedziałek
The second day of the week in many religious traditions, and the first day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 norm. It follows Sunday and precedes Tuesday.

Mongolia /mɑːŋˈɡoʊli.ə/ /mɒŋˈɡəʊli.ə/ pn
Mongolia
Region in East Asia, including Inner Mongolia and Outer Mongolia, sometimes also including Buryatia, Tuva, Altay.

Mongolian /mɒŋˈɡoʊliən/ more Mongolian most Mongolian adj
mongolski
Of or relating to Mongolia or its peoples, languages, or cultures.

Mongolian /mɒŋˈɡoʊliən/ Mongolians n
Mongołka Mongoł
(countable) A native or inhabitant of Mongolia.
mongolski
(uncountable) A group of languages from Mongolia, specifically Khalkha, the official language of Mongolia.
A person of the mongoloid physical type.

Mongolic adj
mongolski
Of or relating to the Mongolic language family.

Mongolistics /ˌmɒŋ.ɡə.ˈlɪs.tɪks/ n
mongolistyka
The study of the Mongolic languages.

Monica /ˈmɑ.nɪ.kə/ /ˈmɒn.ɪ.kə/ pn
Monika
A en given name.

Monoceros pn
Jednorożec
(constellation) A winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a unicorn. It lies amid the Milky Way, just east of the constellation Orion.

Monopoly pn
Monopoly
(games, board games) A board game in which players use play money to buy and trade properties, with the objective of forcing opponents into bankruptcy.

Monsignor /mɑnˈsiː.njɚ/ /mɒn.siːˈnjɔː/ /mɒnˈsiː.njə/ Monsignori Monsignors n
prałat
(Roman Catholic) An ecclesiastic title bestowed on some Roman Catholic clerics by the Pope

Mont Blanc /-ˈblɑŋk/ /ˌmɑn-/ /ˌmɒ̃ ˈblɒ̃(k)/ /ˌmɔn ˈblɑnk/ pn
Mont Blanc
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Montana /mɒnˈtænə/ Montanas pn
Montana
A en given name, specifically from the name of the U.S. state.

Montenegrin /-ˈneɪɡɹɪn/ /ˌmɒntɪˈniːɡɹɪn/ more Montenegrin most Montenegrin adj
czarnogórski
relating to Montenegro (country)
relating to Montenegrins (ethnic group)

Montenegrin /-ˈneɪɡɹɪn/ /ˌmɒntɪˈniːɡɹɪn/ Montenegrins n
Czarnogórzanin Czarnogórzanka Czarnogórka Czarnogórzec
(countable) a person from Montenegro (country)
czarnogórski
(uncountable) The standardized variety of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken in Montenegro.

Montenegro /mɒn.tɪˈneɪ.ɡɹəʊ/ /mɒn.tɪˈnɛɡ.ɹəʊ/ /ˌmɑn.təˈneɪ.ɡɹoʊ/ /ˌmɑn.tɪˈni.ɡɹoʊ/ Montenegroes pn
Czarnogóra
TemplateParserError:LuaError. Part of Yugoslavia until 1992, then part of Serbia and Montenegro until 2006.

Montezuma's revenge /- ɹiˈvɛndʒ/ /- ɹɪˈvɛndʒ/ /ˌmɒn.təˈzuː.məz ɹɪˈvɛndʒ/ /ˌmɔ.ɾ̃əˈzu.məz ɹəˈvɛndʒ/ [ˌmɔ.nəˈzu.məz -] n
zemsta Montezumy
(humorous, euphemistic) Diarrhea experienced by tourists after drinking water or eating food in Mexico as a result of a microorganism to which native Mexicans are immune. [1962]

Montpellier maple Montpellier maples n
klon francuski
A low tree or shrub (Acer monspessulanum) native to France, Spain, and Italy

Montreal /ˌmɑntɹiˈɔl/ /ˌmɒntɹiˈɔːl/ /ˌmɔ̃ɹeɪˈæl/ /ˌmʌntɹiːˈɒl/ pn
Montreal
TemplateParserError:LuaError, on which the city is situated.

Montrealer Montrealers n
montrealczyk montrealka
A native or inhabitant of the city of Montreal.

Montserrat /mɒn(t)səˈɹæt/ /mɒn(t)səˈɹɒt/ pn
Montserrat
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Monégasque /ˈmɒ.nə.ɡask/ /ˌmɒ.nɪˈɡask/ adj
monakijski
Of or relating to Monaco or its inhabitants.

Monégasque /ˈmɒ.nə.ɡask/ /ˌmɒ.nɪˈɡask/ Monégasques n
Monakijczyk Monakijka
A native or inhabitant of Monaco.

Moon pn
Księżyc
The Earth's moon; the sole natural satellite of the Earth, represented in astronomy and astrology by ☾.

Moor /mɔɹ/ /mɔː/ /mʊə/ /mʊɹ/ Moors n
Maur
(historical) A member of an Islamic people of Arab or Berber origin ruling Spain and parts of North Africa from the 8th to the 15th centuries.

Moore's law pn
Prawo Moore’a
(computing) An empirical observation that the density of transistors on a chip doubles every two years.

Moorish /ˈmɔɹ.ɪʃ/ /ˈmɔː.ɹɪʃ/ /ˈmʊə.ɹɪʃ/ /ˈmʊɹ.ɪʃ/ more Moorish most Moorish adj
mauryjski mauretański
Of or pertaining to the Moors or their culture.

Morava pn
Morawa
A river in Southeastern Europe, through Serbia, a tributary of the Danube.

Moravia /mɔˈɹeɪvi.ə/ /məˈɹeɪvi.ə/ pn
Morawy
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Moravian Moravians n
Morawianin Morawianka
(historical) A person from Moravia.

Mordecai /ˈmɔː(ɹ)dəkaɪ̯/ pn
Mardocheusz
(Biblical character) One of the main personalities in the Book of Esther. He adopted and raised his cousin Esther and foiled a plot to assassinate the king.
Mordechaj
A en given name

Mordovia pn
Mordwa Mordowia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Mordovian adj
mordwiński
From, of, or pertaining to, Mordovia

Mordovian Mordovians n
Mordwin Mordwinka
Someone from Mordovia.

Morgan le Fay /ˌmɔːɡən lə ˈfeɪ/ pn
Morgana Le Fay
(Arthurian legend) The half sister of King Arthur, known for being a powerful enchantress.

Moroccan adj
marokański
Of, from, or pertaining to Morocco or the Moroccan people.

Moroccan Moroccans n
Marokańczyk Marokanka
A person from Morocco or of Moroccan descent.

Morocco /mɔɹˈɑkoʊ/ /məˈɹɑkoʊ/ /məˈɹɒkəʊ/ pn
Maroko
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Moroni /məˈɹɑni/ /məˈɹəʊni/ pn
Moroni
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Morpheus /ˈmɔɹ.fɪ.əs/ /ˈmɔɹˌfjus/ /ˈmɔː.fjuːs/ /ˈmɔː.fɪ.əs/ pn
Morfeusz
(Greek mythology) The god and personification of dreams; according to the Roman poet Ovid, one of the sons of Somnus, the god of sleep.

Morris column Morris columns n
słup ogłoszeniowy
A cylindrical outdoor sidewalk structure (like a column) used for advertising; an advertising column

Morse code Morse codes n
alfabet Morse’a kod Morse’a
(telecommunications) A character code represented by dots and dashes (or short and long pulses), originally used to send messages by telegraph, later by flashes of light or by radio.

Morshyn pn
Morszyn Morszyn-Zdrój
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Mosaic adj
Mojżeszowy
Pertaining to Moses, or the writings and traditions attributed to him. [from 17th c.]

Moscovian Moscovians n
moskow
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Carboniferous period.

Moscow /ˈmɑskaʊ/ /ˈmɑskoʊ/ /ˈmɒskəʊ/ /ˈmɔskɐʉ/ pn
Moskwa
(metonymy, politics) The government of Russia or the Soviet Union.

Moses /ˈmoʊzəs/ /ˈmoʊzəz/ /ˈməʊzɪs/ /ˈməʊzɪz/ pn
Mojżesz
The pharaonic patriarch who led the enslaved Hebrews out of Egypt, the brother of Aaron and Miriam described in the Book of Exodus and the Quran.

Moshchun pn
Moszczun

Mospyne pn
Mospyne
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Mossad pn
Mosad
The national intelligence agency of Israel.

Mostyska pn
Mościska
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Mother Earth pn
Matka Ziemia
The personification of the Earth, (chiefly) conceived as a fertile, nurturing, and loving mother.

Mother Russia pn
Matka Rosja
A national personification of Russia as a woman, appearing in patriotic posters, statues, etc.

Mother of God pn
Bogarodzica Bogarodzicielka Bogurodzica Boża Rodzicielka Matka Boska Matka Boża
(Christianity) A dogmatic title of Mary, mother of Jesus, in particular reference to her role as mother of God.

Mother's Day Mother's Days n
Dzień Matki
(US, Canada) A day in honor of one's mother on the second Sunday in May in the United States and Canada.

Mount Athos pn
Athos Góra Athos
TemplateParserError:LuaError which is an important centre of Greek Orthodox monasticism.

Mount Everest Mount Everests pn
Czomolungma Mount Everest Sagarmatha Qomolangma Szczyt XV
(uncountable) TemplateParserError:LuaError; the world’s highest mountain.

Mount Fuji pn
Fudżi
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Mount of Olives pn
Góra Oliwna
A mountain ridge east of and adjacent to the Old City of Jerusalem, a holy place for both Judaism and Christianity.

Mozambican Mozambicans n
Mozambijczyk Mozambijka
A native or inhabitant of Mozambique, or a descendant of such person.

Mozambique /ˌmoʊ.zæmˈbiːk/ pn
Mozambik
(historical, from the 16th century) TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Mozartian more Mozartian most Mozartian adj
mozartowski
Of or pertaining to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791), prolific and influential composer of classical music.

Mr. /ˈmɪstəɹ/ [ˈmɪstə(ɹ)] [ˈmɪstɚ] Messrs. n
pan p.
(US, Canada) A title used before the surname in theory, though not generally in practice, above some undefined social level, too old to be addressed as “Master”, not a knight or of some higher rank, and, in Britain though not in the United States, not entitled to be addressed as “Dr.”.

Mr. and Mrs. Messrs. and Mmes. n
państwo
a title used for a married couple before the surname or before the name of the husband.

Mrs /ˈmɪs/ /ˈmɪsəz/ /ˈmɪsɪz/ /ˈmɪz/ Mmes Mrses n
p. pani
(used before an adult woman's name or surname, used for any high-status woman without regard to marital status until the 1800s, after which it began to be reserved for married, divorced and widowed women and used with their married surnames)

Ms /məz/ /ˈmɪs/ /ˈmɪz/ Mses Mss n
panienka panna
Title used before an adult woman's name or surname, especially when it is not desired or possible to indicate her marital status with Miss or Mrs.

Mstsislaw pn
Mścisław
a town in the Mahiloŭ Province of Belarus

Muay Thai /muːeɪ ˈtaɪ/ /mweɪ ˈtaɪ/ n
boks tajski
(martial arts) A sport practiced in Thailand which is similar to boxing but also allows strikes with the shins, feet, elbows, and knees.

Muggle /ˈmʌɡ(ə)l/ /ˈmʌɡl̩/ Muggles n
mugol
A person who has no magical abilities.

Muhammad /mʊˈhæməd/ /mʊˈhɑməd/ Muhammads pn
Mahomet
(uncountable) The figure who introduced Islam, the man to whom the Qur'an was revealed; considered a prophet by Muslims and Baháʼís.

Muhu pn
Muhu
Third largest island in Estonia, located between Saaremaa and the continent.

Mukachevo pn
Mukaczewo
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Mulhouse /məˈluːz/ pn
Miluza
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Mumbai /mʊm.ˈbaɪ/ pn
Bombaj
TemplateParserError:LuaError, also known as Bombay.

Munich /ˈmjuːnɪk/ pn
Monachium monachijski
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Muntenia /mʊnˈtɛni.ə/ pn
Muntenia
TemplateParserError:LuaError which makes up the eastern part of Wallachia.

Murcia pn
Murcja
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Mureș pn
Marusza
TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Murmansk pn
Murmańsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError, on the Arctic Ocean.

Murphy bed Murphy beds n
składane łóżko
(North America) A light type of bed designed to be folded up or swung into a wall or closet for storage when not in use. [from 20th c.]

Musca pn
Mucha
(constellation) An autumn constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a fly, between the constellations of Carina and Apus.

Muscat /ˈmʌskæt/ pn
Maskat
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Muscovite /ˈmʌs.kəˌvaɪt/ adj
moskiewski
Of or relating to Muscovy or Moscow, or the people of these places.

Muscovite /ˈmʌs.kəˌvaɪt/ Muscovites n
moskwianin Moskwicin moskwianka
An inhabitant or native of Muscovy or Moscow.

Muscovy duck Muscovy ducks n
kaczka piżmowa piżmówka amerykańska
A large duck (Cairina moschata) which is native to Mexico, Central and South America.

Muse /mjuːz/ Muses n
muza
One of the nine Ancient Greek deities of the arts.

Muslim /ˈmʊs.ləm/ /ˈmʊs.lɪm/ /ˈmʊz.ləm/ /ˈmʊz.lɪm/ /ˈmʌz.ləm/ more Muslim most Muslim adj
muzułmański
Being or relating to a believer of Islam.

Muslim /ˈmʊs.ləm/ /ˈmʊs.lɪm/ /ˈmʊz.ləm/ /ˈmʊz.lɪm/ /ˈmʌz.ləm/ Muslima Muslimah Muslims n
muzułmanin muzułmanka
A person who is a follower and believer of Islam.

Myanmar /mjænˈmɑː/ /ˈmaɪ̯ænˌmɑː/ /ˈmjæn.mɑː/ /ˈmjænˌmɑɹ/ /ˈmjɑnˌmɑɹ/ /ˌmjɑnˈmɑɹ/ pn
Birma Myanmar Mjanma
The Sino-Tibetan official language of the country of Myanmar.

Mycenae pn
Mykeny
An ancient Greek city in the NE Peloponnesus on the plain of Argos, inhabited since about 4000 B.C.E.

Mycenaean /ˌmaɪ.sɪˈniːən/ adj
miceński mykeński
Of or relating to ancient Mycenae or its inhabitants.

Mycenaean /ˌmaɪ.sɪˈniːən/ Mycenaeans n
Mykeńczyk
A native or inhabitant of Mycenae.

Mycenaean Greek n
mykeński
The most ancient attested form of the Greek language, spoken on the Greek mainland and on Crete in the 16th to 11th centuries BC, written in Linear B script.

Mykolaiv /mɪkəˈlɑ(j)ɪv/ /mɪkəˈlɑː(j)ɪv/ pn
Mikołajów Obwód mikołajowski
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Mykolaivka pn
Mykołajiwka
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Myrhorod pn
Mirhorod
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Myrnohrad pn
Myrnohrad
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Myronivka pn
Mironówka
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Mysłowice pn
Mysłowice
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Málaga /ˈmæləɡə/ pn
Malaga Málaga
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Möbius strip /ˈmoʊ.bi.əs stɹɪp/ /ˈməʊ.bi.əs stɹɪp/ /ˈmɜː.bi.əs stɹɪp/ Möbius strips n
wstęga Möbiusa
(topology) A one-sided surface formed by identifying two opposite edges of a square in opposite senses;a narrow strip given a half twist and joined at the ends, forming a three-dimensional embedding of said surface.

N'Djamena /ənd͡ʒɑːˈmeɪnɑː/ pn
Ndżamena
TemplateParserError:LuaError, located at the Chari river opposite Kousséri, Cameroon.

NAFLD n
niealkoholowa stłuszczeniowa choroba wątroby
(disease) Initialism of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a spectrum of disorders characterized by predominantly macrovesicular hepatic steatosis occurring in individuals in the absence of significant alcohol consumption.

NAM pn
Ruch Państw Niezaangażowanych
Initialism of w:Non-Aligned Movement.

NASA /ˈnæsə/ pn
NASA
(NASA, space agency) Acronym of National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

NATO /ˈneɪ.toʊ/ /ˈneɪ.təʊ/ pn
NATO
Acronym of North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

Nablus pn
Nablus
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Nadia /ˈnɑ.di.ə/ pn
Nadia
A en given name used since the twentieth century.

Nadvirna pn
Nadwórna
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Nagarjuna pn
Nagardżuna
A en given name
(Buddhism) Second century philosopher credited with founding a school of Buddhism.

Nagorno-Karabakh /nəˌɡɔːnəʊ kɑːɹəˈbɑːk/ pn
Górski Karabach
A landlocked region in South Caucasus.

Nagoya pn
Nagoja
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Nagy /ˈnæɡi/ pn
Nagy

Nahuatl /nɑːˈwɑːt(ə)l/ /nəˈwɑːt(ə)l/ /ˈnɑːwɑːt(ə)l/ pn
nahuatl aztecki meksykański
The polysynthetic Aztecan language spoken by an indigenous people of Mexico.

Nahum pn
Księga Nahuma
A book of the Tanakh / the Old Testament of the Bible.

Naissaar pn
Naissaar
Island near Tallinn in northern Estonia, on the southern coast of Gulf of Finland.

Nakhodka pn
Nachodka
A port city in Primorsky Krai, Russia.

Nalchik pn
Nalczyk
The capital of Kabardino-Balkariya, Russia.

Namibia /nəˈmɪbi.ə/ pn
Namibia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Namibian more Namibian most Namibian adj
namibijski
Of, from, or pertaining to Namibia, the Namibian people or the Namibian language.

Namibian Namibians n
Namibijczyk Namibijka
A person from Namibia or of Namibian descent.

Namur pn
Namur
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Nanjingese adj
związany z Nanjing
Of or related to Nanjing, China.

Nantucket red Nantucket reds n
łososiowy

Naomi /naɪˈəʊmi/ /neɪˈoʊmi/ /ˈneɪəmi/ pn
Noemi
(biblical) The mother-in-law of the Biblical figure Ruth.

Naphtali /ˈnæf.təˌlaɪ/ pn
Neftali
(biblical) One of the Israelite tribes, descended from Naphtali.
A en given name

Naples /ˈneɪ.pəlz/ pn
Neapol
(historical) Synonym of Kingdom of Naples, a former kingdom that controlled southern Italy in the early modern period
(historical) Synonym of Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, a former kingdom that controlled southern Italy and Sicily in the 19th century

Napoleon /nəˈpəʊ.li.ən/ pn
Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte (1769–1821), a French military commander and political leader.
A en given name sometimes given in honor of the French emperor.

Narcissus pn
Narcyz
(Greek mythology) A youth who spurned the love of Echo and fell in love with his own reflection in a pool: in some versions of the myth, he drowned trying to reach it, while in others he sat fixated until a god took pity and transformed him into a flower.

Narew /ˈnɑːɹɛf/ pn
Narew
A river in Poland and Belarus.

Narnia /ˈnɑː(ɹ).ni.ə/ pn
Narnia
(fantasy) A land in which a series of seven children's books, The Chronicles of Narnia by C. S. Lewis are set.

Narva pn
Narwa
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Naryan-Mar pn
Narjan-Mar
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Naryn /nɚˈrɪn/ pn
Naryn
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Nashville /ˈnæʃˌvɪl/ Nashvilles n
Nashville
The Nashville warbler, Leiothlypis ruficapilla.

Nassau /ˈnæsɔː/ pn
Nassau
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Natalie pn
Natalia
A en given name.

Nataraja pn
Nataradźa
(Hinduism) The dancing posture of the Hindu god Shiva, who performs his divine dance as a part of his activities of creation and destruction.

Natasha /nəˈtɑʃə/ /ˈnətæʃə/ pn
Natasza
A en given name borrowed from Russian in the twentieth century.

Nathan /ˈneɪθən/ Nathans pn
Natan
An Old Testament prophet who advised King David.
A en given name, of Biblical origin.

National Assembly National Assemblies pn
zgromadzenie narodowe
(politics, government) National legislature.

National Socialism n
narodowy socjalizm
The ideology of the NSDAP (National Socialist German Workers' Party) in Germany, including an authoritarian government, ethnic nationalism (including but not limited to Pan-Germanism) and adequate territory (Lebensraum), and economic cooperation between the state and capital.
The ideology of any other (neo-)Nazi party; Nazism.

National Socialist more National Socialist most National Socialist adj
narodowosocjalistyczny

National Socialist National Socialists n
narodowy socjalista
An adherent of National Socialism; a Nazi.

Nativity pn
narodzenie
(Christianity) The birth of Jesus as described in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke.

Naumann's thrush Naumann's thrushes n
drozd rdzawy
Turdus naumanni, a Eurasian thrush.

Nauru /naʊˈru/ /nɑːˈuː.ɹuː/ /nəˈru/ /ˈnaʊ.ɹu/ /ˈn̪ʌ̯u.ru/ pn
Nauru
Nauruan, the language of Nauru.

Nauruan [nɑːˈuː.ɹuːn̩] pn
nauruański
the language of Nauru

Navajo /ˈnæ.voʊ/ /ˈnæ.və.hoʊ/ /ˈnæ.və.həʊ/ /ˈnɑ.və.hoʊ/ Navajo Navajoes Navajos n
Nawaho
A member of the Navajo people, currently the largest Native American tribe in North America.

Navajo /ˈnæ.voʊ/ /ˈnæ.və.hoʊ/ /ˈnæ.və.həʊ/ /ˈnɑ.və.hoʊ/ pn
Nawaho
An Apachean (Southern Athabaskan) language of the Athabascan language family belonging to the Na-Dené phylum. It is spoken by 149,000 people in the American Southwest (Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, and Colorado).
An Amerindian people who traditionally speak the Navajo language

Navalny Navalnies Navalnys pn
Nawalna Nawalny
A surname from Russian.

Navarre /nəˈvɑɹ/ /nəˈvɑː(ɹ)/ pn
Nawarra
A region in southern France and northern Spain roughly comprising said kingdom
A part of the Northern Basque Country (France), often referred to as Basse Navarre (Lower Navarre) in French, to distinguish it from the Navarre belonging to Spain.

Navoiy pn
Nawoi

Naypyidaw /ˈneɪpjɪˌdɔː/ pn
Naypyidaw
TemplateParserError:LuaError, located in Pyinmana Township, Mandalay Division (approximately 320 kilometres north of Yangon).

Nazarene adj
nazaretański
Of or pertaining to Nazareth or its people.

Nazarene Nazarenes n
nazarejczyk nazaretanka nazaretańczyk
A person from Nazareth.

Nazarene pn
Nazarejczyk
(usually as “the Nazarene”) an epithet of Jesus Christ

Nazareth /ˈnæzəɹəθ/ pn
Nazaret
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Nazi /ˈnætsi/ /ˈnæzi/ /ˈnɑːtsi/ more Nazi most Nazi adj
nazistowski
(historical) Of or pertaining to the Nazi Party specifically, or to Nazism, neo-Nazism, or neo-Nazis more generally.

Nazi /ˈnætsi/ /ˈnæzi/ /ˈnɑːtsi/ Nazis n
nazista nazistka
(historical) A member of the Nazi Party (the National Socialist German Workers' Party or NSDAP). [1930]

Nazi salute Nazi salutes n
salut rzymski
A greeting used in Nazi Germany, performed by extending the right arm straight into the air.

Nazianzus /ˌnæzɪˈænzəs/ pn
Nazjanz
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Nazification Nazifications n
nazyfikacja
The act or process of Nazifying.

Nazism /ˈnɑːts(i.)ɪzəm/ n
nazizm
The ideology of the Nazi Party (the National Socialist German Workers' Party or NSDAP), being a form of fascism characterised by Adolf Hitler's cult of personality, hate propaganda, white supremacy, extreme bigotry (especially antisemitism and racism), eugenics, mass violence, genocide, ethnonationalist territorial expansion (Lebensraum) and state capitalism.

Naʼvi Na'vi n
naʼvi
A member of a fictional alien race in the 2009 film Avatar, depicted as tall blue humanoids.

Naʼvi pn
na’vi
A constructed language designed by Paul Frommer to be spoken by fictional extraterrestrials in the 2009 film Avatar.

Neanderthal /niˈæn.dɚ.θəl/ /niˈæn.dɚˌtɑl/ /niˈæn.dɚˌθɑl/ /niːˈæn.dəˌtɑːl/ adj
neandertalski
Of or pertaining to Homo neanderthalensis.

Neanderthal /niˈæn.dɚ.θəl/ /niˈæn.dɚˌtɑl/ /niˈæn.dɚˌθɑl/ /niːˈæn.dəˌtɑːl/ Neanderthals n
neandertalczyk
A specimen of the now extinct species Homo neanderthalensis.
(pejorative) A primitive, savage or uncivilized person.

Neapolitan /ˌniːəˈpɑlətən/ /ˌniːəˈpɑlɪtən/ /ˌniːəˈpɒlɪtən/ adj
neapolitański
Pertaining to Naples, a city in southern Italy.

Neapolitan /ˌniːəˈpɑlətən/ /ˌniːəˈpɑlɪtən/ /ˌniːəˈpɒlɪtən/ Neapolitans n
neapolitanka neapolitańczyk
An inhabitant or resident of Naples.

Neapolitan /ˌniːəˈpɑlətən/ /ˌniːəˈpɑlɪtən/ /ˌniːəˈpɒlɪtən/ pn
neapolitański
A language spoken in South Italy, approximately in the area of the former Kingdom of Naples.

Neapolitan chord Neapolitan chords n
akord neapolitański

Neapolitan wafer Neapolitan wafers n
wafle przekładane
A layered wafer biscuit usually filled with chocolate cream.

Near East pn
Bliski Wschód
The region located south of Eastern Europe, comprising Anatolia, Transcaucasia, the Levant, and Mesopotamia.

Nearctic adj
nearktyczny
(zoology) Relating to the Nearctic ecozone.

Nearctic pn
Nearktyka
(zoology) One of the major ecozones of the world, covering most of the North American continent.

Nebraska /nəˈbɹæskə/ pn
Nebraska
Several other places in the United States, named for the state or territory:

Nefertiti pn
Neferetiti Nefertiti Nefretete
A queen of Ancient Egypt, the chief consort of the pharaoh Akhenaten.

Negev /ˈnɛɡɛv/ pn
Negew
A desert region in southern Israel

Nehemiah /ˌniː(h)əˈmaɪə/ pn
Księga Nehemiasza
The sixteenth book of the Old Testament of the Bible, and a book of the Tanakh.
Nehemiasz Księga Nehemiasza
A en given name of biblical origin.

Neman /ˈneɪmən/ pn
Niemen
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Nemean Lion /ˌnimi.ən ˈlai.ən/ pn
Lew Nemejski
(Greek mythology) A mythical lion of ancient Nemea that was invulnerable to attack by weapons and was slain by Hercules as one of his labours.

Nemesis /ˈnɛməsɪs/ pn
Nemezis
(Greek god) The goddess of divine retribution.

Nemyriv pn
Niemirów
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Nenets Nenets n
nieniec
A member of a people who live in the extreme northwest of Russia; a Samoyed.

Neo-Renaissance pn
neorenesans

Neogene adj
neogeniczny neogeński
(geology) Of a geologic period within the Cenozoic era; comprises the Miocene, Pliocene, Pleistocene and Holocene epochs from about 26 million years ago to the present.

Neogene pn
neogen
(geology) The Neogene period.

Neogrammarian Neogrammarians n
młodogramatyk
(linguistics, historical) A member or follower of a 19th-century school of German linguists who first advanced the theory of regular sound change.

Neolithic /ˌni.oʊˈlɪθ.ɪk/ /ˌni.əʊˈlɪθ.ɪk/ /ˌni.əˈlɪθ.ɪk/ adj
neolityczny
Of or relating to the New Stone Age.

Neolithic /ˌni.oʊˈlɪθ.ɪk/ /ˌni.əʊˈlɪθ.ɪk/ /ˌni.əˈlɪθ.ɪk/ pn
neolit
The New Stone Age, from circa 8500 to 4500 BCE.

Neoplatonic more Neoplatonic most Neoplatonic adj
neoplatoński
Of or pertaining to Neoplatonism.

Neoplatonist /niːə(ʊ)ˈpleɪtənɪst/ Neoplatonists n
neoplatonista
(philosophy) A member of the philosophical school of Neoplatonism. [from 19th c.]

Nepal /nəˈpɑl/ /nəˈpɔːl/ /nɪˈpɔːl/ pn
Nepal
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Nepali /nəˈpɑːli/ /nəˈpɔːli/ adj
nepalski
of, from, or pertaining to Nepal, the Nepali people or the Nepali language

Nepali /nəˈpɑːli/ /nəˈpɔːli/ Nepalis n
Nepalczyk Nepalka
a person from Nepal or of Nepali descent

Nepali /nəˈpɑːli/ /nəˈpɔːli/ pn
nepalski
an Indo-Aryan language used primarily by the people of Nepal

Nephilim Nephilim Nephilims n
Nefilim
(nonstandard) .

Neptune /ˈneptʃʉːn/ /ˈnɛptjuːn/ /ˈnɛptuːn/ /ˈnɛptʃuːn/ pn
Neptun
(astronomy) The eighth planet in our solar system, represented in astronomy and astrology by ♆.
(Roman mythology) The god of the ocean and of earthquakes, equivalent to Poseidon in Greek mythology.

Nero /ˈniːroʊ/ pn
Neron
Roman Emperor from 54 to 68, and the last Emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty.

Nessie /ˈnɛsi/ Nessies pn
Aga
A diminutive of the en given name Agnes.

Nestorian more Nestorian most Nestorian adj
nestoriański
(sometimes, pejorative) Relating to teachings or to the followers of Nestorius.

Nestorian Nestorians n
nestorianin nestorianka
(sometimes, pejorative) A perceived follower of Nestorius in the fourth and fifth centuries. A member of a Nestorian church.

Netherlander /ˈnɛðɚˌlændɚ/ Netherlanders n
Niderlandczyk Niderlandka
Someone from the Netherlands

Netherlands /ˈnɛðələndz/ /ˈnɛðɚləndz/ adj
holenderski niderlandzki
Of, from or relating to the Netherlands.

Netherlands /ˈnɛðələndz/ /ˈnɛðɚləndz/ the Netherlands pn
Holandia Niderlandy Królestwo Niderlandów
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Netherlands Antilles pn
Antyle Holenderskie
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError, within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, composed of the islands of Aruba, Curaçao, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, Saba and Sint Maarten, dissolved in 2010.

Netishyn pn
Niecieszyn
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Neva pn
Newa
TemplateParserError:LuaError, on which the Saint Petersburg city is placed.

Nevada /nəˈveɪdə/ /nəˈvædə/ /nəˈvɑdə/ /nəˈvɑːdə/ /nɪˈvædə/ /nɪˈvɑdə/ /nɪˈvɑːdə/ [nəˈvæɾə] [nəˈvɑɾə] pn
Nevada
Several other locations in the United States:

New Brunswick /nju ˈbɹʌnz.wɪk/ /njuː ˈbɹʌnz.wɪk/ pn
Nowy Brunszwik
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

New Caledonia /ˈnjuː ˌkæl.əˈdəʊ.ni.ə/ /ˈnjuː ˌkæl.ɪˈdəʊ.ni.ə/ /ˈnu ˌkæl.əˈdoʊ.ni.ə/ /ˈnu ˌkæl.ɪˈdoʊ.ni.ə/ pn
Nowa Kaledonia
(historical) A district of the west coast of British North America traded by the Hudson's Bay Company. It became the colony of British Columbia in 1858.

New Caledonian adj
nowokaledoński
of, from, or pertaining to New Caledonia (either sense), its people or language.

New Deal pn
Nowy Ład
A series of domestic programs enacted in the United States between 1933 and 1938 in response to the Great Depression, focusing on relief, recovery, and reform.

New Delhi /n(j)uː ˈdɛli/ pn
Nowe Delhi
TemplateParserError:LuaError, located in the national capital territory of Delhi.
(figurative, metonym) The government of India.

New England pn
Nowa Anglia
TemplateParserError:LuaError, namely Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError (OS grid ref TF1801).

New France pn
Nowa Francja
(historical) France's former possessions and colonies in North America, including Canada (now Quebec and Ontario and Ohio plains), Acadia (now New Brunswick and Nova Scotia), and Louisiana (now the Mississippi plains), before 1763.

New Guinea /n(j)uː ˈɡɪn.i/ /ˌnjuː ˈɡɪ.ni/ [njuː ˈɡɪn.i] [nu ˈɡɪn.i] pn
Nowa Gwinea
A large Oceanian island in the Pacific Ocean, north of Australia, whose territory is divided between Indonesia in the west and Papua New Guinea in the east.

New Hampshire /nuːˈhæmpʃɚ/ pn
New Hampshire
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

New Jersey /njuː ˈdʒɜːzi/ /nuːˈdʒɝzi/ pn
New Jersey
A northeast state of the United States of America. Capital: Trenton.

New Mexico /nju ˈmɛk.sɪ.koʊ/ /njuː mɛk.sɪ.kəʊ/ /nu ˈmɛk.sɪ.koʊ/ pn
Nowy Meksyk
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

New Netherland pn
Nowa Belgia Nowa Holandia Nowe Niderlandy
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError: A Dutch colonial province along the east coast of North America, capital New Amsterdam

New Norwegian pn
nynorsk
Nynorsk; Norwegian as spoken after 1500, and the written language that is based on this

New Objectivity pn
Nowa Rzeczowość
An anti-expressionist artistic movement of the first half of the twentieth century that espoused direct, unadorned, matter-of-fact aesthetics.

New Orleanian adj
nowoorleański
Of, or relating to New Orleans, Louisiana.

New Orleans /n(j)uː ˈɔɹliːnz/ /nuː ˈɔɹlənz/ /ˈn(j)uː ɔɹˈliːnz/ /ˈnɔɹlənz/ /ˈnɔːlənz/ /ˌnuː ˈɔɹ.li.ənz/ /ˌnuː ˈɔɹ.lɛ.ənz/ pn
Nowy Orlean
TemplateParserError:LuaError, which is coterminous with the city. It is an industrial and distribution center and major seaport located along the Mississippi near the Gulf of Mexico, known for its rich cultural heritage, especially its music and cuisine.

New South Wales pn
Nowa Południowa Walia
TemplateParserError:LuaError. Situated in the south-eastern part of the continent.

New Spain pn
Nowa Hiszpania
(historical) The colony comprising Spain's territorial possessions in the New World north of the Isthmus of Panama, established following the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire in 1521.

New Testament pn
Nowy Testament
The second half of the Christian Bible, which includes the four Gospels, the Book of Acts, the Epistles, and the Book of Revelation.

New World /n(j)u wɝld/ /njuː wɜːld/ pn
Nowy Świat
The Americas and Oceania.

New World Order pn
nowy porządek świata
According to conspiracy theories, the planned rule of the world by a secret global elite.

New Year New Years n
Nowy Rok
A period covering the first few days of a calendar year.
Nowy Rok Nowy rok
In particular, January 1 in the Julian and Gregorian calendar (New Year’s Day) and the days following.

New Year's Day New Year's Days n
Nowy Rok
A holiday celebrating the first day of the New Year, celebrated on January 1 in cultures following the Gregorian calendar.

New Year's Eve New Year's Eves pn
sylwester
The holiday occurring on the last day of the year, celebrated on December 31st in cultures following the Gregorian calendar

New Year's resolution /ˈn(j)u jɪɹz ˌɹɛzəˈl(j)uʃ(ə)n/ /ˈnjuː jɪəz ˌɹɛzəˈluːʃ(ə)n/ New Year's resolutions n
postanowienie postanowienie noworoczne
A vow that one makes on New Year's Eve or New Year's Day for the coming year.

New York /njuː ˈjɔːk/ /nu ˈjɔək/ /nu ˈjɔɹk/ [nɪ ˈjɔək] [ɲɔək] pn
Nowy Jork
TemplateParserError:LuaError and the largest city in the United States, a metropolis extending into neighboring New Jersey.
New York County, a county of New York, coterminous with the Borough of Manhattan.

New York City pn
Nowy Jork
TemplateParserError:LuaError

New Yorker New Yorkers n
Nowojorczanka Nowojorczyk nowojorczanka nowojorczyk
A native or resident of the state of New York in the United States of America.
nowojorczanka nowojorczyk
A native or resident of New York City.

New Yorkian more New Yorkian most New Yorkian adj
nowojorski
Of, relating to, or characteristic of, New York.

New Zealand /- ˈziː-/ /nju ˈziː.lənd/ /njʉː ˈzɪələnd/ /nu ˈzi.lənd/ /ˌnjuː -/ /ˌnu -/ [-ˈzeə-] [njʉ ˈzɪəɫənd] pn
Nowa Zelandia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError (OS grid ref SK3336).
TemplateParserError:LuaError (OS grid ref SU0177).
Nowa Zelandia nowozelandzki
The Realm of New Zealand, including the Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau and the Ross Dependency.

New Zealand scaup New Zealand scaups n
ogorzałka nowozelandzka
A duck of the Anatinae subfamily endemic to New Zealand; Aythya novaeseelandiae.

New Zealander /ˌnjuː ˈziːləndə(ɹ)/ New Zealanders n
Nowozelandczyk Nowozelandka
A person from New Zealand or of New Zealand descent.

New Zealandic adj
nowozelandzki
(rare, nonstandard) Of, from, or pertaining to New Zealand

New Zealandress New Zealandresses n
Nowozelandka
(rare, mostly, obsolete) A female New Zealander.

Newcastle /ˈn(j)uˌkæsl̩/ /ˈnjuːˌkɑːsl̩/ [ˈn(j)uˌkʰæsɫ̩] [ˈnjʉˌkʰɑːsɫ̩] [ˌnjʉˈkʰasɫ̩] pn
Newcastle
One of several large cities:

Newfoundland /ˈn(j)u.fəndlənd/ /ˈn(j)u.fəndˌlænd/ /ˈnjuː.fənd.lænd/ /ˈnjuː.fənd.lənd/ /ˈnjuːˌfaʊnd.lənd/ /ˈnu.fənd.lənd/ /ˈnu.fəndˌlænd/ /ˈnuˌfaʊnd.lænd/ /ˈnuˌfaʊnd.lənd/ /ˌn(j)u.fəndˈlænd/ /ˌnjuːˈfaʊnd.lænd/ Newfoundlands n
nowofundland nowofundlandczyk wodołaz
A very large breed of working dog from Newfoundland, with a shaggy, usually black coat, known for its water rescue ability, strength, and gentle disposition.

Newfoundland /ˈn(j)u.fəndlənd/ /ˈn(j)u.fəndˌlænd/ /ˈnjuː.fənd.lænd/ /ˈnjuː.fənd.lənd/ /ˈnjuːˌfaʊnd.lənd/ /ˈnu.fənd.lənd/ /ˈnu.fəndˌlænd/ /ˈnuˌfaʊnd.lænd/ /ˈnuˌfaʊnd.lənd/ /ˌn(j)u.fəndˈlænd/ /ˌnjuːˈfaʊnd.lænd/ pn
Nowa Fundlandia
TemplateParserError:LuaError, which, along with Labrador, has composed the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador since 1949, and the Dominion of Newfoundland, before it.

Newman /ˈnjuːmən/ /ˈnumən/ pn
Nowak
A surname transferred from the nickname.
TemplateParserError:LuaError, named after Newman Creek.
TemplateParserError:LuaError, originally named Mount Newman after a local mountain.

Newspeak pn
nowomowa
(computer languages) A highly dynamic and reflective programming language descended from Smalltalk, supporting both object-oriented and functional programming.

Niagara Falls pn
Niagara Niagara Falls
TemplateParserError:LuaError; Massive waterfalls located on the Niagara River.
Niagara Falls
TemplateParserError:LuaError; near the Falls.
TemplateParserError:LuaError; near the Falls.

Niagara River pn
Niagara
A river in North America flowing to the north from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario and including the Niagara Falls.

Niamey /njɑːˈmeɪ/ pn
Niamej Niamey
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Nicaragua /ˌnɪk.əɹˈæɡ.ju.ə/ /ˌnɪk.əˈɹɑ.ɡwə/ pn
Nikaragua
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Nicaraguan adj
nikaraguański
Of, from, or pertaining to Nicaragua or the people of Nicaragua.

Nice /niːs/ pn
Nicea
A surname. (pronounced /ni:s/ or /naɪs/)

Nicene Creed pn
Nicejskie wyznanie wiary
The first official creed of the early Christian church, stating the basic tenets of the Christian faith, including the nature of the Holy Trinity.

Nicholas /ˈnɪk.ləs/ /ˈnɪk.ə.ləs/ Nicholases pn
Mikołaj
A en given name. Best known for St. Nicholas of Myre, on whom Father Christmas is based.

Nicholson pn
Mikołajewicz
A surname transferred from the given name.
TemplateParserError:LuaError which flows into the Gulf of Carpentaria.

Nicodemus pn
Nikodem
(rare) A en given name.

Nicole /nɪˈkoʊl/ /nɪˈkəʊl/ pn
Nikola
A en given name.

Nicomedia pn
Nikomedia
(historical) , TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Nicosia /ˌnɪkoʊˈsiə/ /ˌnɪkəˈsiːə/ pn
Nikozja
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError around the city.

Nicosian adj
nikozyjski
Of, from, or pertaining to Nicosia, the capital of Cyprus and Northern Cyprus.

Nicosian Nicosians n
nikozyjczyk nikozyjka
A person from Nicosia.

Nidwalden pn
Nidwalden
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Nietzschean /ˈni.t͡ʃi.ən/ /ˈniː.t͡ʃɪ.ən/ more Nietzschean most Nietzschean adj
nietzscheański
Of, pertaining to or characteristic of Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900), German philosopher, or his writings.

Nietzschean /ˈni.t͡ʃi.ən/ /ˈniː.t͡ʃɪ.ən/ Nietzscheans n
nietzscheanista
A supporter of the ideas of Friedrich Nietzsche.

Nietzscheanism /ˈni.t͡ʃi.ənɪzəm/ /ˈniː.t͡ʃɪ.ənɪzəm/ n
nietzscheanizm
(philosophy) The philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900), or support for its views.

Niger /niːˈʒɛə(ɹ)/ /niːˈʒɛɚ/ /ˈnaɪ.d͡ʒə(ɹ)/ /ˈnaɪ.d͡ʒɚ/ pn
Niger
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError that flows into the Gulf of Guinea in Nigeria.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Nigeria /naɪˈd͡ʒiː.ɹi.ə/ /naɪˈd͡ʒɪə.ɹɪə/ /naɪˈd͡ʒɪɹ.i.ə/ pn
Nigeria
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Nigerian /naɪˈd͡ʒɪəɹɪən/ /naɪˈd͡ʒɪɹiən/ adj
nigeryjski
Of, from, or pertaining to Nigeria, the Nigerian people or culture.

Nigerian /naɪˈd͡ʒɪəɹɪən/ /naɪˈd͡ʒɪɹiən/ Nigerians n
Nigeryjka Nigeryjczyk
A person from Nigeria or of Nigerian descent.

Nigerian scam Nigerian scams n
nigeryjski przekręt nigeryjski szwindel
(Internet) An attempt to defraud by sending out large numbers of emails, each stating that the recipient is entitled to receive a large amount of money, but will need to supply banking account details, or to send payment for fees, before the payment can be passed on.

Nihilism /ˈnaɪ.(h)ɪ.lɪ.z(ə)m/ /ˈnaɪ.əˌlɪ.z(ə)m/ /ˈni.ə-/ /ˈniː-/ /ˈnɪ-/ [-(h)ɨ̞-] pn
nihilizm
(Russia, politics, historical) A movement of the 1860s that rejected all authority and promoted the use of violence for political change.

Nijmegen pn
Nijmegen
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Nike /ˈnaɪki(ː)/ pn
Nike
(Greek god) The goddess of victory and triumph; Athena's companion.

Nikolayevsk pn
Nikołajewsk
City names in Russia and Kazakhstan.

Nikolayevsk-on-Amur pn
Nikołajewsk nad Amurem
a city in Primorsky Krai, Russia

Nikopol pn
Nikopol
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Nile /naɪl/ pn
Nil
A large river in Africa flowing through Khartoum and Cairo into the Mediterranean Sea, usually considered to be the longest river in the world.

Nimzo-Indian Defence pn
Obrona Nimzowitscha

Nina /ˈniːnə/ pn
Nina
A en given name in continuous use since the 19th century.

Nineveh /ˈnɪnəvə/ /ˈnɪnɪvə/ pn
Niniwa

Nintendo /nɪnˈtɛndoʊ/ /nɪnˈtɛndəʊ/ Nintendos n
Nintendo
(video games) A Nintendo Entertainment System, or other video game system made by Nintendo.

Niue /ˈnjuːeɪ/ pn
Niue
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Nivkh /ni(ː)fk/ /nɪvk/ /nɪvx/ pn
niwchijski
The language isolate spoken by the Nivkh.

Nivôse /niˈvoʊz/ /nɪˈvəʊz/ Nivôses pn
nivôse
(historical) The fourth month of the French Republican Calendar, from December 21, 22 or 23 to January 19, 20 or 21.

Nizhny Novgorod /ˌnɪʒ.ni ˈnɑv.ɡə.ɹɑd/ /ˌnɪʒ.ni ˈnɒv.ɡə.ɹɒd/ /ˌnɪʒ.ni ˈnɔːv.ɡə.ɹət/ pn
Niżny Nowogród
TemplateParserError:LuaError, the fourth-largest in the country by population.

Nizhyn pn
Niżyn
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Niçois /niːswɑː/ more Niçois most Niçois adj
nicejski
Relating to the French city of Nice.

Niçoise salad Niçoise salads n
sałatka nicejska
A salad, originating from the French town of Nice, with various ingredients including tuna, anchovies, hard-boiled eggs, tomatoes, black olives, and lettuce.

Noah /ˈnoʊə/ /ˈnəʊə/ Noahs pn
Noe
A en given name.
The 71st sura (chapter) of the Qur'an.

Noah's ark pn
arka Noego
The vessel built by Noah under God's instructions, as described in Genesis and the Quran.

Noahide /ˈnoʊəˌhaɪd/ /ˈnəʊəˌhaɪd/ Noahides n
potomek Noaha
A descendant of Noah.
noachid
A subscriber to Noahidism.

Nobel laureate Nobel laureates n
noblista noblistka
A person who has been awarded a Nobel Prize.

Nogai /noʊˈɡaɪ/ adj
nogajski
Of or pertaining to the Nogai language or people.

Nogai /noʊˈɡaɪ/ Nogai Nogais n
Nogaj Nogajka
A member of the Turkic people who speak this language.

Nogai /noʊˈɡaɪ/ pn
nogajski
A Turkic language spoken in the northern Caucasus region of southwestern Russia and in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.

Nordic combined n
kombinacja norweska
(skiing) An event in which individual skiers take part in runs on a cross-country skiing course and a ski jumping hill.

Nordic countries n
kraje nordyckie
the Nordic countries collectively

Nordic walking n
chodzenie z kijkami
The sport of walking assisted with poles that resemble ski poles.

Norfolk Island /ˈnɔɹ.fɔk ˈaɪ.lənd/ /ˈnɔː.fək ˈaɪ.lənd/ pn
Norfolk
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError, surrounding the island.
(historical) , TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Norma pn
Węgielnica
(constellation) An inconspicuous constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a carpenter's square. It lies south of the constellations Scorpius and Centaurus.

Normandy /ˈnɔː(ɹ)məndi/ pn
Normandia
Ellipsis of Duchy of Normandy.

North Africa pn
Północna Afryka
The northern part of the continent of Africa, usually referring to specifically the regions north of the Sahara Desert where Arabic is widely spoken as a mother tongue.

North African adj
północnoafrykański
Of or pertaining to North Africa

North America /ˌnɔː(ɹ)θ əˈmɛɹɪkə/ pn
Ameryka Północna
The continent that is the northern part of the Americas; that part east of the Pacific Ocean, west of the Atlantic Ocean, north of South America and south of the Arctic Ocean.

North American adj
północnoamerykański
Of, or relating to North America.

North Atlantic adj
północnoatlantycki
Pertaining to the North Atlantic Ocean or locations adjacent to it.

North Brabant pn
Brabancja Północna
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

North Carolina /ˌnɔɹθ kæɹəˈlaːnə/ /ˌnɔɹθ kɛɹəˈlaɪnə/ /ˌnɔːθ kæəˈlaːnə/ /ˌnɔːθ kæɹ.əˈlaɪn.ə/ /ˌnɔːθ kæɹəˈlaːnə/ pn
Karolina Północna
TemplateParserError:LuaError situated on the east coast of the North American mainland north of South Carolina and south of Virginia. Capital: Raleigh.

North Dakota /ˈnɔɹθ dəˈkoʊ.tə/ pn
Dakota Północna
University of North Dakota.

North Frisian pn
północnofryzyjski
A Frisian language, or group of languages, spoken in coastal Germany and some parts of Denmark.

North Holland pn
Holandia Północna
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

North Island pn
Wyspa Północna
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

North Karelia pn
Karelia Północna
TemplateParserError:LuaError. (Since 2022, the English term officially prescribed as the name for the Finnish administrative unit long known as a “region” was changed to be called a “county”, although reference to counties as regions is still common. See Counties of Finland.)

North Korea /noɹθ ˌkəˈɹi.ə/ /nɔːθ ˌkəˈɹiː.ə/ pn
Korea Północna
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

North Korean adj
północnokoreański
Of, from, or pertaining to North Korea, the North Korean people or the North Korean language.

North Korean North Koreans n
Koreanka Koreańczyk
A citizen or resident of North Korea.

North Macedonia /noɹθ ˌmæs.əˈdoʊ.ni.ə/ /noɹθ ˌmæs.əˈdoʊn.jə/ /nɔːθ ˌmæs.əˈdəʊ.nɪ.ə/ pn
Macedonia Północna
TemplateParserError:LuaError. Part of Yugoslavia until 1992. The current name was adopted in 2019 to resolve a naming dispute with Greece.

North Macedonian adj
północnomacedoński
of, or relating to North Macedonia

North Macedonian North Macedonians n
Macedonka Macedończyk
A native or inhabitant of North Macedonia.

North Ossetia-Alania pn
Osetia Północna
Formal name of North Ossetia, a federal subject of Russia.

North Ostrobothnia pn
Ostrobotnia Północna

North Rhine-Westphalia pn
Nadrenia Północna-Westfalia
The most populous of the 16 component states of Germany, located in the west of the country.

North Sea pn
Morze Północne
A marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean between Britain (in the west), Scandinavia (in the east) and Germany, Netherlands, Belgium and France (in the south).

North Star pn
Gwiazda Biegunowa Gwiazda Polarna
(astronomy) The current northern pole star, the star nearest the northern celestial pole, which has been Polaris for the last 1500 years.

Northern Cyprus pn
Cypr Północny
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Northern Europe pn
Europa Północna
A sociopolitical region of Europe including such countries as Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.

Northern European adj
północnoeuropejski
Of, from, or pertaining to Northern Europe, its people, or its culture.

Northern Ireland /ˈnɔː(ɹ)ðə(ɹ)n ˈaiə(ɹ)lənd/ pn
Irlandia Północna
TemplateParserError:LuaError, situated in the northeastern part of the island of Ireland.

Northern Mariana Islands /ˈnɔɹ.ðɚn ˌmɛɹ.iˈæn.ə ˈaɪ.ləndz/ /ˈnɔː.ðən ˌmæɹ.iˈæn.ə ˈaɪ.ləndz/ pn
Mariany Północne
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Northern Marianas pn
Mariany Północne
The Northern Mariana Islands, TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Northern Territory /ˈnɔːðən ˈtɛɹɪt(ə)ɹi/ pn
Terytorium Północne
TemplateParserError:LuaError. Its capital is Darwin.

Northumbria /nɔɹˈθʌm.bɹi.ə/ /nɔːˈθʌm.bɹɪ.ə/ pn
Nortumbria
(historical) An Anglo-Saxon kingdom in the Northeast of England.

Northumbrian more Northumbrian most Northumbrian adj
nortumbryjski
Of, from, or relating to Northumbria or its inhabitants.
Of, from, or relating to Northumberland or its inhabitants.

Northwest Territories pn
Terytoria Północno-Zachodnie
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Norway /ˈnɔɹ.weɪ/ /ˈnɔː.weɪ/ pn
Norwegia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError, now Upper Beaches.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Norway lemming Norway lemmings n
leming norweski leming właściwy
A lemming of species Lemmus lemmus, endemic of northern Scandinavia and northern Russia.

Norway maple Norway maples n
klon zwyczajny
Acer platanoides, a species of maple native to most of Europe, the Caucasus and northern Turkey.

Norwegian /nɔɹ.ˈwi.d͡ʒən/ /nɔː.ˈwiː.d͡ʒən/ more Norwegian most Norwegian adj
norweski
Of or pertaining to Norway (the country)
Of or pertaining to the Norwegian people
Of or pertaining to the Norwegian language

Norwegian /nɔɹ.ˈwi.d͡ʒən/ /nɔː.ˈwiː.d͡ʒən/ Norwegians n
Norweg Norweżka
A native of Norway.
język norweski norweski
(uncountable) The language of Norway, which has two official forms (written standards): Bokmål and Nynorsk.

Norwegian Sea pn
Morze Norweskie
The northernmost part of the Atlantic Ocean, located northwest of Norway.

Nosivka pn
Nosówka
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Noteć pn
Noteć
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Nouakchott /nuːɑːkˈʃɒt/ /nwɑːkˈʃɒt/ pn
Nawakszut
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Nova Kakhovka pn
Nowa Kachowka
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Nova Odesa pn
Nowa Odessa
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Nova Scotia /ˌnoʊ.və ˈskoʊ.ʃə/ /ˌnəʊ.və ˈskəʊ.ʃə/ pn
Nowa Szkocja
TemplateParserError:LuaError, comprising most of the province of Nova Scotia; Nova Scotia peninsula.

Novaya Zemlya pn
Nowa Ziemia
An archipelago in the Arctic Ocean in the north of Russia, administered by Arkhangelsk oblast.

November /noʊˈvɛmbɚ/ /nəʊˈvɛmbə/ /nəˈvɛmbə/ Novembers pn
listopad
The eleventh month of the Gregorian calendar, following October and preceding December. Abbreviation: Nov or Nov.

Novgorod /ˈnɑv.ɡə.ɹɑd/ /ˈnɒv.ɡə.ɹɒd/ /ˈnɔːv.ɡə.ɹət/ pn
Nowgorod
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Novhorod-Siverskyi pn
Nowogród Siewierski
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Novi Sad pn
Nowy Sad
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Novoazovsk pn
Nowoazowsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError, in Donetsk oblast.

Novodnistrovsk pn
Nowodniestrowsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Novodruzhesk pn
Nowodrużeśk
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Novohrad-Volynskyi pn
Nowogród Wołyński
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Novohrodivka pn
Nowohrodiwka
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Novokuznetsk pn
Nowokuźnieck
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Novomoskovsk pn
Nowomoskowsk

Novomyrhorod pn
Nowomyrhorod
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Novorossiya pn
Noworosja
(historical) An area north of the Black Sea which was conquered by the Russian Empire at the end of the 18th century, located in present-day Ukraine.

Novorossiysk pn
Noworosyjsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError, the main Russian port on the Black Sea, in Krasnodar Krai.

Novoselytsia pn
Nowosielica
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Novosibirsk pn
Nowosybirsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Novoukrainka pn
Nowoukrainka
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Novovolynsk pn
Nowowołyńsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Novoyavorivsk pn
Nowojaworowsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Novyi Buh pn
Nowy Boh
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Novyi Kalyniv pn
Kalinów Nowy
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Novyi Rozdil pn
Nowy Rozdół
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Nowotarski adj
nowotarski
Pertaining to Nowy Targ

Nowotarski Nowotarskis pn
Powiat Nowotarski
(uncouintable) Ellipsis of Nowotarski County.; TemplateParserError:LuaError

Nowy Targ pn
Nowy Targ
TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError
Gminy Nowy Targ Nowy Targ Powiat Nowotarski
TemplateParserError:LuaError, seat of the commune and the county.

Nubia pn
Nubia
The region of the valley of the upper Nile, now part of Sudan (Upper Nubia) and far-southern Egypt (Lower Nubia);(by extension, historical) the polity ruling said region.

Numbers pn
Księga Liczb
The Book of Numbers, the fourth of the Books of Moses in the Old Testament of the Bible, the fourth book in the Torah.

Numidia /n(j)uˈmɪdiə/ pn
Numidia
An ancient Berber kingdom located in northern Africa.

Numidian /n(j)uˈmɪdiən/ more Numidian most Numidian adj
numidyjski
Of or pertaining to Numidia or its inhabitants.

Numpad n
klawiatura numeryczna
(computing)

Nur-Sultan /ˈnʊəsəltɑːn/ /ˈnʊɹsəlˌtɑːn/ /ˌnʊəsəlˈtɑːn/ pn
Nur-Sułtan
used from 2019 to 2022.

Nuremberg /ˈn(j)ʊɹəmbɚɡ/ /ˈnjʊəɹəmbəɡ/ pn
Norymberga
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
The trial of Nazi criminals that took place there, after World War II.

Nuuk pn
Nuuk
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Nynorsk /ˈninɔɹsk/ /ˈniːnɔːsk/ /ˈnjuːnɔːsk/ /ˈnunɔɹsk/ pn
nynorsk
One of the two major written standards (language variants) of Norwegian.

Nyx pn
Nyks
(Greek mythology) The primordial goddess of night.

Nyíregyháza pn
Nyíregyháza
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

O /oʊ/ /əʊ/ particle
o
The vocative particle, used for direct address.

O-ring O-rings n
O-ring
A circular gasket, usually made of rubber.

OCR OCRs n
OCR
(computing, uncountable) Initialism of optical character recognition (the technology or principle).

ODE ODEs n
równanie różniczkowe zwyczajne
(analysis) Initialism of ordinary differential equation.

OK /əˈkeɪ/ /ˌoʊˈkeɪ/ /ˌəʊˈkeɪ/ interjection
dobrze w porządku zgoda
Used to indicate acknowledgement or acceptance.

OK /əˈkeɪ/ /ˌoʊˈkeɪ/ /ˌəʊˈkeɪ/ OK's OKs n
okej zgoda dobra dobrze pasi pasuje
Endorsement; approval; acceptance; acquiescence.

OK /əˈkeɪ/ /ˌoʊˈkeɪ/ /ˌəʊˈkeɪ/ v
OK
(transitive, computing) To confirm by activating a button marked OK.

OS /ˌoʊ ˈɛs/ OSes OSs n
system operacyjny
(software) Initialism of operating system.

OSCE pn
OBWE
(politics) Initialism of Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.

Ob /ɑb/ /ɒb/ pn
Ob
TemplateParserError:LuaError; the westernmost of the three great Siberian rivers.

Obadiah /ˌoʊbəˈdaɪə/ pn
Księga Abdiasza
A book of the Old Testament of the Bible, and of the Tanakh.

Oberon /ˈoʊbərɒn/ pn
Oberon
(astronomy, moons) The outermost major moon of Uranus.

Obukhiv pn
Obuchów
TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Occam's razor pn
brzytwa Ockhama
(epistemology) The principle of preferring the simplest of competing theories.

Occidental Mindoro pn
Occidental Mindoro
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Occitan /ˈɑksəˌtæn/ /ˈɑksɪˌtæn/ /ˈɒksəˌtæn/ /ˈɒksɪˌtæn/ pn
okcytański prowansalski
A Romance language spoken in Occitania, a region of Europe that includes Southern France, Auvergne, Limousin, and some parts of Catalonia and Italy.

Occitania pn
Oksytania
A region of Europe corresponding to Southern France, Auvergne, Limousin, and some parts of Catalonia and Italy, where the Occitan language was widely spoken and is still spoken.

Oceania /-njə/ /ˌoʊ.ʃiˈæn.i.ə/ /ˌɐʉ.ʃiːˈaː.ni.ə/ /ˌəʉ.ʃiˈaː.ni.ə/ /ˌəʊ.ʃiˈɑː.nɪə/ pn
Oceania
A geographical region or continent composed of many islands (Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia) plus Australasia. It is located between Asia, Antarctica and the Americas.

Oceanid Oceanides Oceanids n
oceanida okeanida
(Greek god) Any of the sea nymphs, daughters of Oceanus and Tethys

Oceanus /oʊˈsiːənəs/ pn
Okeanos
(Greek god) Personification of vast waters or the world ocean. He was the first-born of the Titans, son of Uranus and Gaia, the god that encircled the earth. With his sister-wife, Tethys, he fathered all rivers and the Oceanids.

Ochakiv pn
Oczaków
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Octans pn
Oktant
(constellation) A small circumpolar constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble an octant. It lies closest to the southern celestial pole of any constellation.

October /ɑkˈtoʊbəɹ/ /ɒkˈtəʊbə/ [ɑkˈtʰoʊbɚ] Octobers pn
październik
The tenth month of the Gregorian calendar, following September and preceding November. Abbreviation: Oct.

Odense pn
Odense
Odense, the largest city in Region of Southern Denmark (Region Syddanmark) and third-largest city in Denmark.

Oder pn
Odra
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Odessa /əʊˈdɛsə/ pn
Obwód odeski
The Odessa Oblast; TemplateParserError:LuaError
Odessa Obwód odeski
The city of Odessa; TemplateParserError:LuaError

Odessite adj
odeski odesski

Odin /oʊdɪn/ /əʊdɪn/ pn
Odyn
(Norse mythology, and, paganism) A major Germanic god, often described as chief of the pantheon, in his Norse form a member of the Æsir, married to Frigg and associated with knowledge, poetry and war. Wednesday refers to him by way of interpretatio germanica.

Odisha /oː.ɖɪ.ˈʃaː/ pn
Orisa
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Odysseus /oʊˈdɪsi.əs/ /oʊˈdɪsjuːs/ /əˈdɪsjuːs/ pn
Odyseusz Ulisses Odys
(Greek mythology) The son of Laertes and Anticlea and father of Telemachus. A Greek leader during the Trojan War, he was responsible for the Trojan horse. He was also king of Ithaca, hero of the Iliad and protagonist of the Odyssey.

Odyssey /ˈɑ.də.si/ /ˈɑ.dɪ.si/ /ˈɒ.də.si/ pn
Odyseja
An epic poem, ascribed to Homer, that describes the journey of Odysseus after the fall of Troy.

Oedipus /ˈiːdɪpəs/ /ˈɛdɪpəs/ pn
Edyp
(Greek mythology) A son of Laius and Jocasta, who unwittingly killed his father and married his mother.

Oedipus complex /ˈidəpəs ˈkɒmplɛks/ /ˈɛdəpəs ˈkɒmplɛks/ Oedipus complexes n
kompleks Edypa
(psychoanalysis) In Freudian theory, the complex of emotions aroused in a child by an unconscious sexual desire for the parent of the opposite sex.

Ogaden pn
Ogaden
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Oghuz /oʊˈɡuːz/ n
oguzowie
A group of south-western Turkic people, including the Turks and Turkmens

Ohio /oʊˈhaɪoʊ/ /əʊˈhʌɪəʊ/ /əˈhaɪoʊ/ /əˈhaɪəʊ/ pn
Ohio
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError:

Ohrid /ˈɒx.ɹɪd/ /ˈəʊx.ɹɪd/ pn
Ochryda
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Ojibwe /əˈdʒɪbweɪ/ pn
odżibwe
The language spoken by the native Algonquin people of central Canada, one of a closely related group of languages and dialects of the Algonquian branch of the Algic language family.

Okazaki fragment Okazaki fragments n
fragment Okazaki odcinek Okazaki
(genetics, often, _, in the plural) One of many short, newly synthesized DNA fragments formed on the lagging template strand (i.e. lagging strand) during DNA replication.

Okhtyrka pn
Ochtyrka
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Okinawa [oʊkəˈnɑːwə] pn
Okinawa
The southern-most prefecture of Japan.

Okinawan pn
język okinawski
A Ryukyuan language of Okinawa.

Oklahoma /ˌoʊk.ləˈhoʊ.mə/ pn
Oklahoma
Two communities in the United States, named for the state or territory:

Oklahoman more Oklahoman most Oklahoman adj
oklahomski
Of or relating to Oklahoma.

Oklahoman Oklahomans n
Oklahomczyk Oklahomka
A native or resident of the state of Oklahoma in the United States of America.

Olaf /ˈoʊl.æf/ /ˈoʊl.ɑːf/ /ˈoʊl.əf/ /ˈəʊl.æf/ /ˈəʊl.ɑːf/ /ˈəʊl.əf/ pn
Olaf
A en given name.

Old Armenian pn
staroormiański
The oldest attested form of the Armenian language, first written down at the beginning of the 5th century AD and spoken until 12th century; then replaced by Middle Armenian. Served as a literary language until the 18-19th centuries. Partly intelligible to speakers of modern Armenian.

Old Believer Old Believers n
staroobrzędowiec staroobrzędówka starowier starowierca
(religion) Any of those who separated from the official Russian Orthodox Church after 1666 as a protest against the church reforms introduced by Patriarch Nikon between 1652 and 1666. They continue liturgical and ritual practices which predate the reforms.

Old Catholic adj
starokatolicki
Pertaining to a group of churches that split from the Roman Catholic Church over the dogma of papal infallibility, which they did not agree with.

Old Church Slavonic pn
(język) [[staro-cerkiewno-słowiański]]
The first literary and liturgical Slavic language.

Old East Slavic pn
język staroruski staroruski
(historical) A Slavic language used from the 10th to the 14th centuries by East Slavs in the state of Kievan Rus and its successors. The ancestor of Belarusian, Russian, Rusyn and Ukrainian.

Old English pn
staroangielski
(linguistics, history) The ancestor language of Modern English, also called Anglo-Saxon, spoken in most of Britain from about 400 to 1100.

Old English Sheepdog Old English Sheepdogs n
owczarek staroangielski
A herding dog of a particular breed (also used as a pet), with shaggy grey and white fur also covering its face, and a docked tail.

Old French pn
starofrancuski
The French language as spoken or written from the 9th to the early 14th century.

Old High German adj
staro-wysoko-niemiecki
Concerning the Old High German language.

Old High German pn
język [[staro-wysoko-niemiecki]]
The early recorded form of the High German language, spoken from the 8th century to the 12th century.

Old Irish pn
staroirlandzki
The Irish language as attested from the sixth to the tenth centuries C.E., the oldest form of the Goidelic languages for which extensive texts (written in the Latin alphabet) are extant.

Old Japanese pn
starojapoński
the oldest stage of the Japanese language; spoken through the 8th century and followed by Late Old Japanese

Old Norse pn
staronordyjski
The language of Scandinavia until the 14th century, the common ancestor of modern Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, Faroese, and Icelandic.

Old Novgorodian pn
staronowogrodzki
A dialect used in Old East Slavic birch-bark writings found around Novgorod, having some archaic features that were lost in other Slavic dialects.

Old Persian pn
staroperski
The ancestor language of Middle Persian, and via it of New Persian language. Attested in Old Persian cuneiform, in the period 525 B.C.E. - 300 B.C.E..

Old Polish pn
język staropolski staropolszczyzna
A historical form of the Polish language, spoken between the 9th and 16th centuries.

Old Prussian adj
staropruski
Of or pertaining to the Old Prussian language or people.

Old Saxon n
starosaksoński
A west Germanic language historically tied to Anglo-Saxon and Old Low Franconian.

Old Slavonic pn
staro-cerkiewno-słowiański
Old Church Slavonic language
prasłowiański
Proto-Slavic language

Old Testament pn
Stary Testament
(religion, chiefly, Christianity) The first major part of the Christian Bible, covering events before the coming of Christ, corresponding roughly to the Jewish Tanakh. Usually subdivided into the categories of law, history, poetry (or wisdom books), and prophecy.

Old Ukrainian pn
staroukraiński
The Old East Slavic language.

Old World pn
Stary Świat
The Eastern Hemisphere, especially Europe, Africa and Asia.

Old World monkey Old World monkeys n
makakowate małpa ogoniasta
A member of a group of primates, falling in the superfamily Cercopithecoidea in the clade Catarrhini.

Oleg Olegs pn
Oleg
A en given name.

Oleksandriia pn
Aleksandria
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Oleksandrivsk pn
Aleksandrowsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Oleksiak Oleksiaks pn
Oleksiak

Olenekian pn
olenek
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Triassic period.

Oleshky pn
Oleszki
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Olevsk pn
Olewsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Olga /ˈoʊlɡə/ /ˈɒlɡə/ pn
Olga
A transliteration of the Russian female given name О́льга (Ólʹga).

Oligocene adj
oligoceński
(geology) Of a geologic epoch within the Paleogene period from about 34 to 23 million years ago; marked by the rapid evolution in a warm climate.

Oligocene pn
oligocen
(geology) The Oligocene epoch.

Oliver /ˈɑlɪvɚ/ /ˈɒlɪvə/ Olivers pn
Oliwer Oliwier
A en given name.

Olivia /oʊˈlɪvi.ə/ /əʊˈlɪvi.ə/ /əˈlɪ.vi.ə/ pn
Oliwia
A en given name.

Olomouc /ˈɒləmaʊts/ pn
Ołomuniec ołomuniecki
TemplateParserError:LuaError, with the city of Olomouc as its capital.

Olomouc Region pn
kraj ołomuniecki
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Olomouc cheese n
serki ołomunieckie twarożki ołomunieckie
a kind of ripened soft cheese, characteristic with its strong scent, distinctive pungent taste and yellowish colour, traditionally made in central Moravia, the Czech Republic

Olsztyn /ˈɒlʃtɪn/ pn
Olsztyn
TemplateParserError:LuaError, the capital city of the Warmian-Masurian voivodeship.

Olympia /əˈlɪmpi.ə/ pn
Olimpia
A en given name; quite rare in English.

Olympiad /-əd/ /oʊˈlɪmpiˌæd/ /əˈlɪmpiæd/ Olympiads n
olimpiada
(by, _, extension, usually, _, preceded, _) A competition aspiring to the importance of the Olympic Games or considered similar to them, especially one occurring at 4-year intervals, representing a national or international range of amateur student rather than professional adult competition, and/or requiring the highest level of ability in the field for success.

Olympic /oʊˈlɪm.pɪk/ /əˈlɪm.pɪk/ adj
olimpijski
(rare) Of or pertaining to Olympus, a mountain of Thessaly, fabled as the seat of the gods.

Olympic Games pn
Igrzyska olimpijskie Olimpiada
(historical, Ancient Greece) A sporting festival held every four or five years on the Plain of Olympia in southern Greece, in honour of Zeus. [from 16th c.]
Igrzyska olimpijskie
An international multi-sport event (inspired by the ancient festival) taking place every fourth year. [from 19th c.]

Olympic Rings n
Koła Olimpijskie
A symbol consisting of five interlocking colored rings, each one representing a continent that competes in the Olympic Games.

Olympic Winter Games pn
Zimowe igrzyska olimpijskie
The winter counterpart to the summer Olympic Games, featuring winter sports.

Olympic flame Olympic flames n
ogień olimpijski
A flame which is the symbol of the Olympic and Paralympic Games.

Olympics pn
olimpiada
The Olympic Games.

Olympus /əˈlɪmpəs/ pn
Olimp
TemplateParserError:LuaError; in Ancient Greek mythology the home of the gods.

Olza pn
Olza
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Oman /oʊˈmæn/ /oʊˈmɑn/ /əʊˈmɑːn/ /əˈmɑːn/ pn
Oman
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Omani adj
omański
Of, from, or pertaining to Oman or the Omani people.

Omsk pn
Omsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError, the seventh-largest in the country by population.

Ondine's curse pn
klątwa Ondyny
(disease) A medical condition marked by malfunction of the nerves that control involuntary body functions, causing breathing to require conscious effort and therefore meaning patients will die if they fall asleep.

Onega pn
Onega
a freshwater lake in the north-west European part of Russia, located on the territory of Republic of Karelia, Leningrad Oblast and Vologda Oblast

Ontario /ɑnˈtɛəɹ.i.oʊ/ /ɒnˈtæɹ.i.o/ /ɒnˈtɛə.ɹi.o/ /ɒnˈtɛə.ɹi.əʊ/ pn
Ontario
A lake, Lake Ontario, between Ontario province and New York State.

Oort Cloud /ˈɔːrt klaʊd/ pn
Obłok Oorta
(astronomy) The Solar System's Oort cloud, extending from 50,000 to 100,000 astronomical units (approximately 1 light year) from the sun; supposedly the source of most comets around the Solar System.

Ophiuchus /ˌoʊ.fiˈjuː.kəs/ /ˌɑf.iˈjuː.kəs/ pn
Wężownik
(zodiac constellations) A zodiacal constellation of the northern summer said to depict a man (Asclepius) holding a serpent; the serpent is the constellation Serpens.

Opole pn
Opole
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Opole Voivodeship pn
województwo opolskie
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Oppenheimer /ˈɒpənˌhaɪmər/ Oppenheimers pn
Oppenheimer
A surname from German.

Ops pn
Ops Ops Consivia
(Roman god) The goddess of earth and fertility. Equivalent to the Greek Rhea, Ops was the sister-wife of Saturn and mother of Jupiter. After Saturn learned of a prophecy that his children by Ops would overthrow him, he ate each of them just after they were born; however, Ops saved Jupiter by feeding Saturn a stone instead.

Oral pn
Uralsk

Oran pn
Oran
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Orange Free State pn
Orania
(historical) A former province of South Africa (1910–1994), now the province of Free State.
(historical) A former independent Boer republic in southern Africa (1854–1902).

Orcus /ˈɔːrkəs/ pn
Orkus
(Roman god) The Etruscan and Roman god of the underworld.
(astronomy) A large planetoid (possibly a dwarf planet) and plutino, sometimes referred to as the “anti-Pluto”. Its moon is Vanth.

Ordzhonikidze pn
Ordżonikidze
(historical)
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError

Ore Mountains pn
Rudawy
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Oregon /ˈɑɹɪɡən/ /ˈɒɹɪɡən/ /ˈɔɹəɡɪn/ /ˈɔɹɡən/ /ˈɔɹɪɡɑn/ /ˈɔɹɪɡən/ pn
Oregon
Several other locations in the United States:

Oregon grape n
mahonia
An evergreen shrub (Berberis aquifolium, syn. Mahonia aquifolium) native to the northwestern United States and southwestern Canada, having broadly serrated, glossy leaves and clusters of yellow flowers that develop into dark bluish-purple fruits.

Orenburg pn
Orenburg
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Oresund /ˈɜːsʊnd/ /ˈɝsʊnd/ pn
Sund
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Oresund Bridge /ˌɜːsʊnd ˈbɹɪdʒ/ /ˌɜ˞sʊnd ˈbɹɪdʒ/ pn
most Kopenhaga – Malmö most nad Sundem
A road–rail bridge across Oresund between Sweden and Denmark.

Orhei pn
Orgiejów

Oriental /ɒɹiˈɛntəl/ /ɔːɹiˈɛntəl/ more Oriental most Oriental adj
orientalny
Pertaining to the regions east of the Mediterranean, beyond the Roman Empire or the early Christian world; of the Near East, the Middle East or the Far East, now especially relating to East Asia. [from 15th c.]

Oriental Mindoro pn
Oriental Mindoro
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Oriental Republic of Uruguay pn
Orientalna Republika Urugwaju
The official name of Uruguay.

Oriental studies n
orientalistyka
(humanities) an academic field of study that embraces Near Eastern and Far Eastern societies and cultures, languages, peoples, history and archaeology

Orikhiv pn
Orichiw Orzechów
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Orinoco /ˌoɹ.ɪˈnoʊ.koʊ/ /ˌoʊ.ɹɪˈnoʊ.koʊ/ /ˌɒɹɪˈnəʊkəʊ/ pn
Orinoko
The Orinoco river basin of Venezuela.

Orion /oʊˈɹaɪ.ən/ /ɒˈɹaɪ.ən/ /əʊˈɹaɪ.ən/ /əˈɹaɪ.ən/ Orions pn
Orion
(Greek mythology) A giant-hunter, pursuer of the Pleiades and lover of Eos, and killed by Artemis.
(constellation) A constellation on the celestial equator close to Gemini and Taurus, containing the stars Betelgeuse and Rigel.

Orion's Belt pn
Pas Oriona
(constellation) A bright asterism located near the celestial equator; it consists of three bright stars lined up and visibly close together. It is part of the constellation Orion and includes the stars Alnitak (ζ Ori), Alnilam (ε Ori), and Mintaka (δ Ori).

Oriya pn
orija
Odia, the language spoken in the state of Odisha, India.

Orleans /ˈɔɹ.li.ənz/ /ˈɔɹ.liːnz/ /ˈɔː.li.ənz/ pn
Orlean
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Oroch /ɔːɹɔt͡ʃ/ pn
oroczański oroczyński
The moribund Tungusic language spoken by the Oroch.

Orontes /ɔːˈɹɒntiːz/ pn
Orontes
TemplateParserError:LuaError, about 400 km (250 mi) long, flowing from Lebanon through Syria before entering the Mediterranean Sea near Samandağ in Turkey.

Orpheus /ˈɔɹfi.əs/ /ˈɔɹfjuːs/ pn
Orfeusz
(Greek mythology) A Thracian musician and poet, who failed to retrieve his wife Eurydice from Hades.

Orphic more Orphic most Orphic adj
dotyczący Orfeusza
(Greek mythology) Of or pertaining to Orphism and its doctrines and rituals.

Orphism pn
orfizm
(religion, Ancient Greece) A religious movement in antiquity, supposed to have been founded by Orpheus.

Orthodox more Orthodox most Orthodox adj
prawosławny prawowierny
(Christianity, loosely) Of or pertaining to a particular Orthodox Church, usually the Eastern Orthodox Church, sometimes the Oriental Orthodox Church or the Church of the East.
ortodoksyjny (Judaizm)
(Judaism) Of or pertaining to Orthodox Judaism.

Orthodox Church Orthodox Churches n
cerkiew prawosławna
The Eastern body of Christendom

Orthodoxy /ˈɔːɹθədɑːksi/ /ˈɔːθədɒksi/ pn
prawosławie
The aggregate of the definitive elements of the Eastern Orthodox Church, such as its faith, worship, theology, and traditions.

Orwellian /ɔɹˈwɛli.ən/ /ɔːˈwɛli.ən/ more Orwellian most Orwellian adj
orwellowski
Resembling the totalitarian political methods decried in the works of writer George Orwell, particularly in the dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four; characterized by use of misleading terminology, propaganda, censorship, surveillance and repression. [1950]

Orwellianism Orwellianisms n
orwellizm
Orwellian systems or methods generally; totalitarian propaganda, surveillance, repression, etc.

Oryol pn
Orzeł
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Orșova pn
Orszawa

Osaka /oʊˈsɑ.kə/ /əʊˈsæ.kə/ /əʊˈsɑːkə/ pn
Osaka
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Osh pn
Osz
The second-largest city in Kyrgyzstan.

Oshnavieh pn
Osznawije
A small town in West Azerbaijan Province of Iran.

Osiris /oʊˈsaɪɹɪs/ pn
Ozyrys
The Egyptian god of the dead and of the underworld.

Oskil pn
Oskoł
TemplateParserError:LuaError which arises roughly between Kursk and Voronezh and flows south to join the Seversky Donets.

Oslo /ˈɑsloʊ/ /ˈɑzloʊ/ /ˈɒzləʊ/ pn
Oslo
TemplateParserError:LuaError. Formerly called Christiania and Kristiania.

Osmussaar pn
Osmussaar
Island in northwest Estonia, on the southern coast of Gulf of Finland.

Osroene pn
Osroene
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Osroenian more Osroenian most Osroenian adj
osroeński

Osroenian Osroenians n
Osroenka Osroeńczyk

Ossetia /ɑˈsi.ʃə/ /ɑˈsɛt.i.ə/ /ɒˈsi(ː)ʃə/ /ɒˈsɛtɪə/ /əˈsɛt.i.ə/ /əˈsɛtɪə/ pn
Osetia
TemplateParserError:LuaError. The northern part of the region forms North Ossetia-Alania federal subject of Russia. The southern part is South Ossetia.

Ossetian /ɑˈsi.ʃən/ /ɑˈsɛt.i.ən/ /ɑˈsɛt.jən/ /ɒˈsi(ː).ʃən/ /ɒˈsɛt.i.ən/ /ɒˈsɛt.jən/ adj
osetyjski
Of, or pertaining to Ossetia or Ossetians.

Ossetian /ɑˈsi.ʃən/ /ɑˈsɛt.i.ən/ /ɑˈsɛt.jən/ /ɒˈsi(ː).ʃən/ /ɒˈsɛt.i.ən/ /ɒˈsɛt.jən/ Ossetians n
Osetyjczyk Osetyjka
A member of the Iranian people inhabiting Ossetia.

Ossetian /ɑˈsi.ʃən/ /ɑˈsɛt.i.ən/ /ɑˈsɛt.jən/ /ɒˈsi(ː).ʃən/ /ɒˈsɛt.i.ən/ /ɒˈsɛt.jən/ pn
osetyjski
The Eastern Iranian language spoken by these people.

Oster pn
Oster
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Ostrava pn
Ostrawa
A city in the far east of the Czech Republic.

Ostrogoth /ˈɒstrəɡɒθ/ Ostrogoths n
Ostrogot Ostrogotka
Any member of an ancient East Germanic tribe, one branch of the Goths (the Visigoths being the other), which invaded Italy in the sixth century

Ostrogothic adj
ostrogocki
of or pertaining to the Ostrogoths

Ostroh pn
Ostróg
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski /ɒsˈtɹəʊ.vi.ɛts ʃviˌɛn.təʊkˈʃɪs.ki/ pn
Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Ostyak Ostyaks n
Ostiak

Oswald pn
Oswald
A en given name.

Ottawa /ˈɑtəwə/ /ˈɑtəˌwɑ/ /ˈɒtəwɒ/ /ˈɒtəwə/ [ˈɑɾəwə] pn
Ottawa
(by synecdoche, metonymy) The federal government of Canada.

Otto /ˈɑtoʊ/ /ˈɒtəʊ/ Ottoes Ottos pn
Odo Odon Otto Otton
A en given name.

Ottoman /ˈɑtəmən/ /ˈɒtəmən/ adj
osmański otomański
Of the Ottoman Empire.

Ottoman Empire /ˈɑtəmən ˈɛmpaɪɹ/ /ˈɒtəmən ˈɛmpaɪə/ pn
Imperium Osmańskie
(historical) A large Turkish empire which began as a Turkish sultanate centered in modern Turkey; founded in the late 13th century, it lasted until the end of World War I.

Ouagadougou /ˈwɑːɡəˈduːɡuː/ pn
Wagadugu
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Ouija /ˈwiːd͡ʒi/ /ˈwiːd͡ʒə/ Ouijas n
ouija
(countable) A board, having letters of the alphabet and the words yes and no; used with a planchette during a seance to "communicate" with spirits.

Oulu pn
Oulu
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Our Lady pn
Nasza Pani
(Christianity) Synonym of Mary, mother of Jesus, particularly in Catholic contexts.

Our Lady of Sorrows pn
Matka Boska Bolesna Matka Boża Siedmiobolesna
(Christianity, chiefly, _, Catholicism) Synonym of Mary, mother of Jesus, in particular reference to her grief at the Crucifixion.

Overijssel pn
Overijssel
TemplateParserError:LuaError, with Zwolle as capital city and Enschede the largest city.

Ovid /ˈɑvɪd/ /ˈɒvɪd/ pn
Owidiusz
A 1st century BC Roman poet.

Ovruch pn
Owrucz
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Owston's tit Owston's tits n
sikora rdzawolica
Sittiparus owstoni, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

Oxford /ˈɑksfɚd/ /ˈɒksfəd/ /ˈɔːksfəd/ pn
Oksford Oxford
An English habitational surname derived from the city in England.

Oxfordian more Oxfordian most Oxfordian adj
oksfordzki
Of or pertaining to Oxford or its residents.

Oxfordian Oxfordians n
oksfordczyk oksfordka
A native or resident of Oxford.

Oxfordian pn
oksford
(geology) The age from 163.5±1.0 Ma to 157.3±1.0 Ma or the stage of rocks (chiefly coral-derived limestones) deposited during it.

Oxyrhynchus pn
Oksyrynchos
A city in Egypt.

P U interjection
fe fu fuj
(euphemistic) An interjection in response to smelling an unpleasant scent; an exaggerated pronunciation of pew.

PDE PDEs n
równanie różniczkowe cząstkowe
(analysis) Initialism of partial differential equation.

PIE /piː.aɪ.iː/ adj
pie.
(linguistics, anthropology, etc.) Initialism of Proto-Indo-European.

PIN PINs n
PIN
Acronym of personal identification number.

PPR pn
PRL
Initialism of Polish People's Republic.

PRC pn
ChRL
(politics) Initialism of People's Republic of China.

PS PSes PSs n
PS
Initialism of post scriptum, postscriptum, postscript. (initialism written at the end of a text as a footnote)

PVC PVCs n
wenflon
(medicine) Initialism of peripheral venous catheter.

Pachamama pn
Pachamama
Pachamama

Pacific adj
pacyficzny
Related to the Pacific Ocean.

Pacific Northwest pn
Wybrzeże Północno-Zachodnie
The region of North America along the Pacific coast, typically defined as the states of Washington and Oregon and the southern part of the province of British Columbia, but variously including northern California, Idaho, all of British Columbia, the Yukon territory, and the panhandle of or all of Alaska.

Pacific Ocean pn
Ocean Spokojny Pacyfik Ocean Wielki
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Pacific saury Pacific sauries Pacific saury n
sajra
A species of the saury family native to north Pacific Ocean from Yellow Sea to Gulf of Alaska; Cololabis saira.

Padang pn
Padang

Padishah /ˈpɑːdɪʃɑː/ Padishahs n
padyszach
(history) A ruler of a Muslim country or state.

Padua pn
Padwa
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Paeonia pn
Paeonia
The land of the Paeonians, a people inhabiting between the lands of Macedonians, Thracians, and Illyrians.

Paibian pn
Paib
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Cambrian period.

Pakistan /ˈpækəˌstaːn/ /ˈpækəˌstæn/ /ˈpækɪˌstæn/ /ˌpækɪˈstæn/ /ˌpækɪˈstɑːn/ /ˌpɑːkɪˈstɑːn/ pn
Pakistan
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Pakistani more Pakistani most Pakistani adj
pakistański
Of, from, or pertaining to Pakistan, or its people.

Pakistani Pakistanis n
Pakistańczyk Pakistanka
A person from Pakistan or of Pakistani descent.

Palace of Westminster pn
pałac Westminsterski
An extensive building on the north bank of the River Thames in London, housing the House of Commons and the House of Lords.

Palaic /pəˈleɪ.ɪk/ adj
palajski
Of or pertaining to Palaic language or its speakers.

Palaic /pəˈleɪ.ɪk/ pn
język palajski
An extinct Indo-European language belonging to Anatolian branch, attested in cuneiform tablets in Bronze Age Hattusa.

Palanga pn
Połąga

Palatine Hill pn
Palatyn
One of the seven hills on which ancient Rome was built.

Palau /pəˈlaʊ/ pn
Palau Belau
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Palearctic pn
Palearktyka
(geography, biogeography) One of the major ecozones of the world, covering Europe, the old USSR territories, part of North Africa, and North Asia including the Himalaya foothills.

Paleo diet Paleo diets n
dieta paleo
A nutritional plan based on the presumed ancient diet of wild plants and animals that various hominid species habitually consumed during the Paleolithic.

Paleocene /ˌpeɪ.liː.əʊˈsiːn/ adj
paleoceński
(geology) Of or pertaining to the Paleocene epoch.

Paleocene /ˌpeɪ.liː.əʊˈsiːn/ pn
paleocen
(geology) A geologic epoch within the Paleogene period from about 65 to 56 million years ago; marked by the rise of the first large mammals in a tropical climate.

Paleogene adj
paleogeński
(geology) Of a geologic period within the Cenozoic era; comprises the Paleocene, Eocene and Oligocene epochs from about 65 to 23 million years ago.

Paleogene pn
paleogen
(geology) The Paleogene period.

Paleolithic /ˈpeɪl.ɪi.əʊˌlɪθ.ɪk/ /ˈpæl.ɪi.oʊˌlɪθ.ɪk/ pn
paleolit
A period that lasted from two and a half million years ago to 10,000 BC; the Old Stone Age.

Paleoproterozoic pn
paleoproterozoik
(geology) The era from 2,500 Ma to 1,600 Ma, marked by a dramatic increase in atmospheric oxygen.

Paleozoic more Paleozoic most Paleozoic adj
paleozoiczny

Paleozoic pn
era paleozoiczna paleozoik
(geology) The Paleozoic era.

Palermo /pəˈlɛə(ɹ)məʊ/ /pəˈlɜː(ɹ)məʊ/ pn
Palermo
TemplateParserError:LuaError, TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError established in 2015.
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
A habitational surname

Palestine /ˈpæləˌstaɪn/ /ˈpæləˌstiːn/ pn
Palestyna
The territory of the current State of Israel, West Bank and Gaza Strip combined, the homeland of the Palestinian people.
(historical, technical) A British colonial entity administering approximately the lands mentioned in definition 3.
(historical, technical, rare) The British League of Nations Mandate for Palestine, of which this region was a part (the remainder being Transjordan, which covered approximately the lands of the modern Kingdom (originally Emirate) of Jordan).

Palestine sunbird Palestine sunbirds n
nektarnik palestyński
A bird which is found in the Middle East and Africa, Cinnyris osea.

Palestinian /pæl.əˈstɪn.i.ən/ more Palestinian most Palestinian adj
palestyński
Of, from, or pertaining to Palestine or the Palestinian people.

Palestinian /pæl.əˈstɪn.i.ən/ Palestinians n
Palestynka Palestyńczyk
An inhabitant of Palestine or an Arab descending from that area.

Palestinian Authority pn
Autonomia Palestyńska

Pali /ˈpɑːli/ pn
pali
A Middle Indo-Aryan language of north India, closely related to Sanskrit; the sacred language of the Buddhist scriptures. [from 1690s]

Pallas's bunting Pallas's buntings n
trznadel polarny
Emberiza pallasi, a passerine bird in the bunting family Emberizidae.

Pallas's grasshopper warbler Pallas's grasshopper warblers n
świerszczak melodyjny
Locustella certhiola, an Old World warbler.

Pallas's gull Pallas's gulls n
mewa orlica orlica
Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus, a large gull.

Pallas's leaf warbler Pallas's leaf warblers n
świstunka złotawa
Phylloscopus proregulus, a leaf warbler that breeds in mountain forests from southern Siberia east to northern Mongolia and northeast China.

Palm Sunday Palm Sundays n
Niedziela Palmowa
The sixth Sunday in Lent, the Sunday before Easter.

Palma pn
Palma Palma de Mallorca
TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Palmyra /pælˈmaɪ.ɹə/ pn
Palmyra
TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Palmyrene /pælˈmaɪ.ɹiːn/ /ˈpæl.mɪˌɹiːn/ /ˌpæl.maɪˈɹiːn/ /ˌpæl.mɚˈiːn/ adj
palmyreński
Of, from or relating to ancient Palmyra or Palmyrena.

Pamir Pamirs n
Pamirczyk Pamirka
A native or inhabitant of this region.

Pamir pn
Pamir Pamiry
A group of languages spoken in the Pamir mountains.

Pamplona /pæmˈploʊnə/ pn
Pamplona
A city in Navarre of northern Spain famous for the running of the bulls.

Pan pn
Pan
(Greek god) Greek god of nature, often visualized as half goat and half man playing pipes. His Roman counterpart is Faunus.

Pan-Slavism n
panslawizm
A movement aimed at uniting all the Slavic peoples.

Panama /ˈpæn.ə.mɑː/ pn
Panama
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Panama Canal pn
Kanał Panamski
A major man-made canal in Panama that connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

Panama hat Panama hats n
panama
A type of brimmed hat braided in Peru and Ecuador with the leaves of Carludovica palmata.

Panamanian /pænəˈmeɪni.ən/ adj
panamski
Of, from, or pertaining to Panama or Panamanian people.

Panamanian /pænəˈmeɪni.ən/ Panamanians n
Panamczyk Panamka
A person from Panama or of Panamanian descent.
panamczyk panamka
A person from Panama City.

Panchatantra pn
Pańćatantra
A canonical collection of Sanskrit as well as Pali (Buddhist) animal fables in verse and prose.

Panchen Lama Panchen Lamas n
panczenlama
(Tibetan Buddhism) The second-highest-ranking lama of the Gelug sect of Tibetan Buddhism, after the Dalai Lama.

Pancras /ˈpæŋkɹəs/ pn
Pankracy
One of two Christian saints, Pancras of Taormina and Pancras of Rome

Pandora /ˌpænˈdɔɹə/ pn
Pandora
(Greek mythology) The first woman on earth, who had been given a box by the gods and instructed not to open it, but who disobeyed the instructions out of curiosity, releasing all manner of evils into the world.
(astronomy) 55 Pandora, a main belt asteroid.

Pandora's box Pandora's boxes n
puszka Pandory
(idiomatic) A source of unforeseen trouble.

Panevėžys pn
Poniewież
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Pangaea /pænˈd͡ʒiː.ə/ pn
Pangea
(geology) A supercontinent that included all the landmasses of the earth before the Triassic period and that broke up into Laurasia and Gondwana.

Pangkal Pinang pn
Pangkal Pinang
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Panhellenic more Panhellenic most Panhellenic adj
panhelleński

Pannonia pn
Panonia
A province of the Roman Empire in the western part of modern Hungary and adjacent regions.

Pantheon pn
Panteon

Panzerfaust Panzerfausts n
pancerfaust panzerfaust
A light, single-shot anti-tank grenade launcher developed in Germany in the latter stages of the Second World War.

Papal States pn
Państwo Kościelne
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError that existed until 1870, comprising the territories of Italy over which the pope was the ruler in a civil as well as a spiritual sense.

Paphos pn
Pafos
TemplateParserError:LuaError, known in antiquity as the birthplace of Aphrodite.

Papua New Guinea /ˈpaːpwə ˌnjuː ˈɡɪ.ni/ /ˈpæ.pjuː.ə ˌnjuː ˈɡɪ.ni/ /ˈpæp.u.ə ˌnu ˈɡɪn.i/ /ˈpæp.uː.ə ˌnjuː ˈɡɪn.i/ pn
Papua-Nowa Gwinea
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Papuan more Papuan most Papuan adj
papuaski papuański
From, or pertaining to Papua or Papua New Guinea

Paraclete /ˈpæɹəkliːt/ pn
Paraklet
(Christianity) The Holy Spirit, the Holy Ghost, especially in its role as comforter of the faithful.

Paraguay /ˈpæɹ.ə.ɡwaɪ/ /ˈpæɹ.ə.ɡweɪ/ /ˈpɛɹ.ə.ɡwaɪ/ /ˈpɛɹ.ə.ɡweɪ/ pn
Paragwaj
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
The Paraguay River, TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Paraguayan adj
paragwajski
Of, from, or pertaining to Paraguay.
Of or pertaining to the people, language, or culture of Paraguay.

Paraguayan Paraguayans n
Paragwajczyk Paragwajka
A person from Paraguay or of Paraguayan descent.

Paralympian /ˌpæ.ɹəˈlɪm.pi.ən/ /ˌpæ.ɹəˈlɪm.pɪ.ən/ /ˌpɛ-/ Paralympians n
paraolimpijczyk paraolimpijka
(sports) One who competes in the Paralympic Games. [from mid 20th c.]

Paramaribo /pɑɹəˈmɑːɹɪbəʊ/ /ˌpɑɹəˈmɑɹəˌboʊ/ pn
Paramaribo
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Paraná /pə.ˈɹɑː.nə/ /ˌpæ.ɹəˈnɑ/ /ˌpæ.ɹəˈnɑː/ pn
Paraná
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Paris /ˈpæɹ.ɪs/ /ˈpɛɹ.ɪs/ pn
Parys Paryż
(Greek mythology) A Trojan prince who eloped with Helen.
Paryż
(metonym) The government of France.
A en given name, usually from the French city.

Paris syndrome n
syndrom paryski
An alleged transient psychological disorder encountered by some people visiting or vacationing in Paris, France, resulting from shock at their discovery that Paris is not what they had expected it to be.

Parisian /pəˈɹiʒən/ /pəˈɹɪzɪ.ən/ more Parisian most Parisian adj
paryski
Of, relating, or pertaining to Paris, France

Parisian /pəˈɹiʒən/ /pəˈɹɪzɪ.ən/ Parisians n
paryżanin paryżanka
A person who was born in, or is a citizen or inhabitant of, Paris, France

Parkinson's disease n
choroba Parkinsona
(neurology, disease) A chronic neurological disorder affecting movement, characterized by tremor, slowness of movement (bradykinesia), cogwheel or lead-pipe rigidity, and postural instability.

Parthia /ˈpɑɹθi.ə/ /ˈpɑːθi.ə/ pn
Partia
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Parthian /ˈpɑɹθiən/ /ˈpɑːθɪən/ adj
partyjski
Relating to Parthia or Parthians.

Parthian /ˈpɑɹθiən/ /ˈpɑːθɪən/ Parthians n
Part
A native or inhabitant of Parthia.
An extinct Western Iranian language that was spoken in Parthia.

Parthian Empire pn
Królestwo Pártow
(historical) An ancient empire of Western Asia founded as a kingdom by Arsaces I with his 3rd-century-BCE conquest of Parthia (only recently a satrapy of the Seleucid Empire) and subsequently greatly expanded by Mithridates I.

Pasargadae pn
Pasargady
An ancient city of Persia, a capital of the Achaemenid Empire.

Paschal Lamb /ˈpæs.kəl ˈlæm/ /ˈpɑːs.kəl ˈlæm/ Paschal Lambs n
Baranek Boży
(historical) The lamb eaten at Passover.
(figuratively) Jesus Christ symbolized as a sacrifice.
(heraldiccharge) A lamb depicted with nimbus and bearing a flag (usually St. George's cross: argent a cross gules).

Paschal Triduum /ˈpaskəl ˈtraɪ.dju.əm/ /ˈpaskəl ˈtɹɪ.dju.əm/ pn
Triduum Paschalne
(Roman Catholicism) A period of three days that begins with the liturgy on the evening of Maundy Thursday

Pashto /ˈpæʃtəʊ/ /ˈpʌʃtəʊ/ n
paszto
The native Indo-Iranian language of the Pashtun people; an official language of Afghanistan.

Pashtun more Pashtun most Pashtun adj
pasztuński
Of or relating to the Pashtuns (a segmentary-lineage ethnic group currently numbering some 50 million people, which is the largest ethnic group in Afghanistan and the second largest in Pakistan), or to their culture.

Pashtun Pashtuns n
Pasztun Pasztunka
A member of the Pashtun ethnic group, or of a Pashtun tribe.
A Pashto-speaking person.

Pashtunistan pn
Pasztunistan
The geographic region historically inhabited by the indigenous Pashtun people of modern-day Afghanistan and Pakistan.

Pashtunwali pn
pasztunwali
The tribal code of conduct followed by the Pashtun people.

Passarge pn
Pasłęka
TemplateParserError:LuaError which flows into the Vistula Lagoon.

Passionist Passionists n
pasjonista pasjonistka
A member of a Roman Catholic religious institute with a special emphasis on the Passion of Jesus Christ.

Passover Passovers pn
Pascha
The one-day Biblical feast or festival (not a holy day) that begins at twilight on the fourteenth day of the first month (Nisan 14), which is then immediately followed by the seven-day Feast of Unleavened Bread (Nisan 15 to 21; the first and seventh days are holy days or annual Sabbaths).

Pasterka /pasˈtɛɹkə/ pn
Pasterka
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Pasterska Góra /pasˈtɛɹskə ˈɡuːɹə/ pn
Pasterska Góra
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Patagonia /ˌpæ.təˈɡoʊ.ni.ə/ /ˌpæ.təˈɡoʊn.jə/ /ˌpæ.təˈɡəʊ.nɪ.ə/ pn
Patagonia
TemplateParserError:LuaError, including the southern parts of Chile and Argentina
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Patricia /pəˈtɹɪʃə/ pn
Patrycja
A en given name.

Patrick /ˈpætɹɪk/ [ˈpʰæ.t̠ɹ̠̊˔ʷɪk̚] Patricks pn
Patryk
(countable) A en given name

Patroclus pn
Patroklos
(Greek mythology) A character in the Iliad, known for his close relationship to Achilles.

Paul /pɑl/ /pɔl/ /pɔːl/ pn
Paweł
In the New Testament, Saul, Apostle to the Gentiles and author of fourteen epistles.
A en given name of biblical origin.

Paula /ˈpɑlə/ /ˈpɔːlə/ pn
Paulina
A en given name.

Pauline /ˈpɔːˌliːn/ pn
Paulina
A en given name.

Paulist Paulists n
paulin
A member of various religious orders associated with either of the saints Paul of Thebes and Paul of Tarsus.

Paulson pn
Pawelowicz
A surname originating as a patronymic.

Pavia /pəˈvi.ə/ pn
Pawia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Pavlohrad pn
Pawłogród Pawłohrad
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Pavo pn
Paw
(constellation) A constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a peacock. It lies between the constellations Telescopium and Octans.

Pax Romana pn
pokój rzymski

Peace Corps pn
Korpus Pokoju
An independent United States federal agency for volunteers to help in developing countries where aid is needed.

Peano arithmetic Peano arithmetics n
arytmetyka Peana

Pearl Harbor /ˌpɜːl ˈhɑːbə/ /ˌpɝ˞l ˈhɑɹbɚ/ pn
Pearl Harbor
(historical) The attack on Pearl Harbor.

Pecheneg /ˈpɛt͡ʃənɛɡ/ Pechenegs n
Pieczynieg
(historical) A member of a specific semi-nomadic Turkic people from central Asia, some of whom migrated into eastern Europe.

Pechora pipit Pechora pipits n
świergotek tundrowy
Anthus gustavi, a passerine bird which breeds in the East Palearctic tundra

Pegasus /ˈpɛɡ.ə.səs/ pn
Pegaz
(Greek mythology) A winged horse fabled to have sprung from the blood of Medusa when she was slain. He is noted for causing, with a blow of his hoof, Hippocrene, the inspiring fountain of the Muses, to spring from Mount Helicon. Bellerophon tamed and rode upon Pegasus when he defeated the Chimaera.
(constellation) A constellation of the northern sky, near the vernal equinoctial point, representing the winged horse. Its three brightest stars, with the brightest star of Andromeda, form the asterism of the Great Square of Pegasus.

Peking Man pn
człowiek pekiński
A long-extinct hominid who lived in prehistoric China.

Peking duck n
kaczka po pekińsku
A Chinese dish consisting of roasted duck skin, small pancakes, hoisin sauce and other ingredients.

Pekingese Pekingese Pekingeses n
pekińczyk
A small toy dog from China.

Pelagius /pɪˈleɪd͡ʒiəs/ pn
Pelagiusz
A given name of historical usage

Peloponnese /pɛləpəˈniːs/ pn
Peloponez
TemplateParserError:LuaError, separated from mainland Europe by the Gulf of Corinth and connected to it by the Isthmus of Corinth.

Penelope /pɪˈnɛləpi/ pn
Penelopa
(Greek mythology) The faithful wife of Odysseus.

Pennsylvania /ˌpɛnsɪlˈveɪni.ə/ /ˌpɛnsɪlˈveɪnjə/ pn
Pensylwania
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError, which grew progressively larger before becoming the present state.

Pennsylvanian /pɛnsʊlˈveɪ̯njɪn/ adj
pensylwański
Of, or pertaining to the state of Pennsylvania.
(geology) Of any of the three geologic epochs (lower, middle and upper) within the Carboniferous period from 318 to 299 million years ago; marked by a high oxygen atmosphere and the rise of reptiles and winged insects.

Pennsylvanian /pɛnsʊlˈveɪ̯njɪn/ Pennsylvanians n
Pensylwanka Pensylwańczyk
A native or resident of the state of Pennsylvania in the United States of America.
pensylwan
(geology) Any of the three Pennsylvanian epochs.

Pentagon /ˈpɛntəɡɑn/ /ˈpɛntəɡən/ pn
Pentagon
The headquarters of the United States Department of Defense.

Pentateuch /ˈpɛn.təˌtjuːk/ /ˈpɛn.təˌtuːk/ /ˈpɛn.təˌtʊk/ /ˈpɪn.təˌtuːk/ pn
Pięcioksiąg Pentateuch
The Torah: the first five books of the Bible: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy.

Pentecostal Pentecostals n
zielonoświątkowiec
A member of a Pentecostal church.

Pentecostalism Pentecostalisms n
pentekostalizm
Christian religious movement that emphasizes the Holy Spirit and is known for speaking in tongues.

Pentecostalist more Pentecostalist most Pentecostalist adj
pentekostalny
of or pertaining to Pentecostalism

Pentecostalist Pentecostalists n
zielonoświątkowiec
A member of the Pentecostalism movement.

People of the Book n
Lud Księgi
(Islam) Non-Muslims who adhere to an Abrahamic religion.

People's Democratic Republic of Algeria pn
Algierska Republika Ludowo-Demokratyczna
The official name of Algeria.

People's Democratic Republic of Yemen pn
Ludowo-Demokratyczna Republika Jemenu
The official name of South Yemen.

People's Republic of Bangladesh pn
Ludowa Republika Bangladeszu
The official name of Bangladesh.

People's Republic of China /ˈpiːpəlz ɹɪˈpʌblɪk əv ˈt͡ʃaɪnə/ pn
Chińska Republika Ludowa
The official name of China, sometimes contrasted to the Republic of China (Taiwan).

Pepsi /ˈpɛpsi/ Pepsis n
pepsi
A serving of Pepsi.

Perechyn pn
Pereczyn

Pereiaslav pn
Perejasław

Peremyshliany pn
Przemyślany
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Pereschepyne pn
Pereszczepyne
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Perevalsk pn
Perewalśk

Pericles /ˈpɛɹɪkliːz/ pn
Perykles
(historical) An Ancient Greek politician.

Perioikoi /ˌpɛɹiˈɔɪkɔɪ/ n
periojkowie
The ancient inhabitants of Laconia who were free residents of the mountains and the beaches of Laconia.

Perky effect Perky effects n
efekt Perky

Perm pn
Perm
TemplateParserError:LuaError, corresponding to the Kama basin, a left tributary of the Volga.
TemplateParserError:LuaError, near the Ural Mountains.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Permian /ˈpəːmɪən/ more Permian most Permian adj
permski
Pertaining to the Perm region of Russia, or its inhabitants. [from 18th c.]
Pertaining to their language; Permic. [from 18th c.]
(geology) Pertaining to the last geologic period of the Paleozoic era; comprising the Cisuralian, Guadalupian and Lopingian epochs from about 280 to 248 million years ago. [from 19th c.]

Permian /ˈpəːmɪən/ pn
perm
(geology) The Permian period. [from 19th c.]

Permic pn
języki permskie
A group of Finno-Ugric languages spoken in the northwest Urals, including Komi and Udmurt.

Persephone /pəˈsɛfəni/ /pɚˈsɛfəniː/ pn
Persefona
(Greek god) A minor deity, the queen of the Underworld/Hades, and goddess of the seasons and vegetation. Originally named Kore/Core, she is the daughter of Zeus and Demeter; and the wife of Hades. Her Roman counterpart is Proserpina.

Perseus /ˈpɜː.si.əs/ /ˈpɜː.sjuːs/ /ˈpɜː.ʃəs/ /ˈpɝ.si.əs/ pn
Perseusz
(Greek mythology) The mythological Greek warrior who slew the Gorgon Medusa by decapitating her. He married Andromeda after rescuing her from Ceto and founded Mycenae. He was the son of Zeus and Danae.
(constellation) An autumn constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble the mythical hero. It includes the stars Algenib, Algol, and Mirfak.

Pershotravensk pn
Perszotrawenśk

Persia /ˈpɜː(ɹ).ʒə/ /ˈpɜː(ɹ)ʃə/ /ˈpɝʒə/ pn
Persja
Persia proper (Persis), the land of the ancient Persians, corresponding to modern-day Fars province in southwestern Iran.

Persian /ˈpɜː(ɹ)ʃən/ /ˈpɜː.ʒən/ /ˈpɝʒən/ more Persian most Persian adj
perski
Of, from, or pertaining to Persia.
Of or pertaining to the Persian people.
Of or pertaining to the Persian language.

Persian /ˈpɜː(ɹ)ʃən/ /ˈpɜː.ʒən/ /ˈpɝʒən/ Persians n
perski
(uncountable) The Persian language, or a family of languages spoken primarily in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan.
Pers Persjanka Persyjka
(countable) A person from Persia.
pers
A Persian cat.

Persian Gulf /ˌpɜːʒən ˈɡʌlf/ /ˌpɝʒən ˈɡʌlf/ pn
Zatoka Perska
The Persian Gulf, a gulf between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula.

Persianization n
czynienie perskim
The assimilation of Persian (Iranian) cultural values

Persianize v
czynić perskim uczynić perskim
(transitive) To make Persian.

Perth /pɜːθ/ /pɝθ/ pn
Perth
The City of Perth, TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Peru /pəˈɹuː/ /ˈpɪəɹuː/ pn
Peru
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Perun pn
Perun Piorun
The highest god in the pantheon of Slavic mythology, the god of thunder and lightning.

Peruvian /pə.ˈɹuː.vi.ən/ adj
peruwiański
Of, from, or pertaining to Peru or the Peruvian people.

Peruvian /pə.ˈɹuː.vi.ən/ Peruvians n
Peruwianka Peruwiańczyk
A person from Peru or of Peruvian descent.

Peruvian slaty antshrike Peruvian slaty antshrikes n
chronka zmienna
A passerine bird of the antbird family, Thamnophilus caerulescens.

Pervomaisk pn
Perwomajsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Pervomaiskyi pn
Perwomajski
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Peshawar /pɛˈʃəˌwɑːr/ pn
Peszawar
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Peter /ˈpitɚ/ /ˈpiːtə/ [ˈpʰitɚ] [ˈpʰiɾɚ] Peters pn
Piotr
A en given name.
The leading Apostle in the New Testament.
List Piotra List [[św.]] Piotra List świętego Piotra Apostoła P
(biblical) The epistles of Peter in the New Testament of the Bible, 1 Peter and 2 Peter attributed to St. Peter.

Peter Pan syndrome /piːtə pan ˈsɪndɹəʊm/ pn
syndrom Piotrusia Pana kompleks Piotrusia Pana
(idiomatic) The supposed psychological phenomenon of immaturity among some men, who, like the fictional character, remain childish and fail to assume appropriate adult social roles and responsibilities.

Peter the Great pn
Piotr Wielki

Peters's elephantnose fish Peters's elephantnose fishes n
mruk Petersa
Gnathonemus petersii, an African freshwater elephantfish in the genus Gnathonemus.

Peterson /ˈpitɚsən/ Petersons pn
Pietrowicz
A surname transferred from the given name.

Petey pn
Piotrek Piotruś
A diminutive of the en given name Peter.

Petrarchan sonnet Petrarchan sonnets n
sonet Petrarki sonet włoski
(poetry) A sonnet comprising an octet and a closing sestet, following the rhyme scheme of either abba abba cde cde or abba abba cd cd cd or abba abba cce dde or abba abba cdd cee.

Petrarchism /piˈtɹɑɹkɪzəm/ /pɛˈtɹɑɹkɪzəm/ /pɪˈtɹɑːkɪzəm/ Petrarchisms n
petrarkizm
(uncountable) The literary style of Petrarch.

Petrine /ˈpiˌtɹaɪn/ /ˈpiːtɹaɪn/ more Petrine most Petrine adj
Piotrowy
Of or pertaining to people named Peter, particularly Saint Peter or Peter the Great.

Petrograd pn
Piotrogród
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Petropavl /ˈpɛtɹəˌpɑːvəl/ pn
Pietropawłowsk
A city (population 200,000) on the Ishim River in northern Kazakhstan.

Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky pn
Pietropawłowsk Pietropawłowsk Kamczacki
A city in the far East of Russia, administrative centre of Kamchatka kray, also called Petropavlovsk

Petrovich pn
Pietrowicz
.

Petrovo-Krasnosillia pn
Petrowo-Krasnosilla

Petrozavodsk pn
Pietrozawodsk
The capital of the Republic of Karelia, Russia.

Phaistos /ˈfɛstɒs/ pn
Fajstos
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Phanariote Phanariotes n
fanariota
(now, historical) An inhabitant of Phanar, the historically Greek district of Constantinople; hence, a member of the Greek official class in the Ottoman Empire. [from 19th c.]

Phanerozoic adj
fanerozoiczny
(geology) Of or relating to the Phanerozoic eon

Phanerozoic pn
fanerozoik
(geology) A geologic eon from about 570 million years ago to the present

Pharsalia /ˌfɑːˈseɪli.ə/ pn
Farsalia
An epic poem by the Roman poet Lucan describing Caesar's Civil War.

Phaëthon /ˈfeɪətən/ /ˈfeɪəθən/ pn
Faeton
(Greek mythology) the son of the sun god Helios who was killed by Zeus while trying to drive his father's chariot across the sky

Philadelphia /fɪləˈdɛlfi.ə/ [fɪɫəˈdɜɫfi.ə] pn
Filadelfia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
(historical) , TemplateParserError:LuaError.
(historical) , TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError (OS grid ref NZ3352).
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Philemon /fɪˈliːmɒn/ /fɪˈliːmən/ /ˈfɪləmən/ /ˌfaɪˈliːmɒn/ /ˌfaɪˈliːmən/ Philemons pn
List do Filemona
The eighteenth book of the New Testament of the Bible, the epistle of Saint Paul to a fellow Christian called Philemon.
Filemon List do Filemona
A surname transferred from the given name.

Philip /ˈfɪləp/ /ˈfɪlɪp/ Philips pn
Filip
(uncountable) One of the twelve disciples of Jesus in the Bible; one of the seven deacons.
(countable, rare, _, compared to given name) A surname originating as a patronymic.

Philippians pn
List do Filipian
(biblical) The eleventh book of the New Testament of the Bible, the epistle of St Paul to the Philippians.

Philippine Sea pn
Morze Filipińskie
A marginal sea in the Pacific Ocean to the north and east of the Philippines.

Philippine eagle Philippine eagles n
małpożer
Pithecophaga jefferyi, a species of eagle endemic to forests in the Philippines that has brown and white-coloured plumage, and a shaggy crest.

Philippines /ˈfɪl.ə.pinz/ /ˈfɪl.ɪ.pinz/ pn
Filipiny
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Philistine /-lə-/ /-stin/ /fɪˈlɪstin/ /ˈfɪlɪstaɪn/ /ˈfɪlɪˌstaɪn/ more Philistine most Philistine adj
filistyński
(historical) Originating from ancient Philistia; of or pertaining to the ancient Philistines.

Philistine /-lə-/ /-stin/ /fɪˈlɪstin/ /ˈfɪlɪstaɪn/ /ˈfɪlɪˌstaɪn/ Philistim Philistines n
Filistyn Filistynka
(historical) A non-Semitic person from ancient Philistia, a region in the southwest Levant in the Middle East.

Philomena /ˌfɪləˈmiːnə/ pn
Filomena
A en given name.

Phlegethon /ˈflɛd͡ʒɪθɑn/ /ˈflɛd͡ʒɪθɒn/ /ˈflɛɡɪθɑn/ /ˈflɛɡɪθɒn/ pn
Flegeton
(Greek mythology) A river of fire in Hades.

Phobos /ˈfoʊbəs/ pn
Fobos
(Greek god) A son of Ares (Mars). Also the Greek god of fear.
(astronomy) The innermost natural satellite of Mars.

Phoebus /ˈfiː.bəs/ pn
Febus
(Greek god) An epithet and synonym for Helios; Phoebus Helios, after his maternal aunt, Phoebe.
(Greek god, Roman god) An epithet and synonym for Apollo; Phoebus Apollo.

Phoenicia /fəˈniːʃɪə/ /fəˈnɪʃə/ /fəˈnɪʃɪə/ pn
Fenicja
The land of city states of the Phoenicians which around 1000 BC was situated on the coast of present day Syria and Lebanon, and included the cities of Tyre and Sidon.

Phoenician /fəˈniːʃ(ə)n/ /fəˈniːʃən/ /fəˈnɪʃ(ə)n/ adj
fenicki
Of, from, or related to the country or civilisation of Phoenicia.

Phoenician /fəˈniːʃ(ə)n/ /fəˈniːʃən/ /fəˈnɪʃ(ə)n/ Phoenicians n
Fenicjanin Fenicjanka
An inhabitant of Phoenix, Arizona.

Phoenician /fəˈniːʃ(ə)n/ /fəˈniːʃən/ /fəˈnɪʃ(ə)n/ pn
fenicki
The Semitic language spoken by the inhabitants of Phoenicia.

Phoenix /ˈfiːnɪks/ pn
Feniks
(mythology) A mythical firebird; especially the sacred one from ancient Egyptian mythology.
Feniks Phoenix
(constellation) A spring constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble the mythical bird. It lies north of Tucana.
Phoenix
(Greek mythology) A character in the Iliad and father of Adonis in Greek mythology or a different character in Greek mythology, brother of Europa and Cadmus.

Phoney War pn
dziwna wojna
(historical) During World War Two, the period of limited military activity from the outbreak of hostilities on September 3rd, 1939 until Germany's attack on the Low Countries on May 10th, 1940.

Phrixus /ˈfrɪksəs/ pn
Friksos Fryksos
(Greek mythology) Son of Athamas and brother of Helle, with whom he fled to Colchis on a golden winged ram.

Phrygia /ˈfɹɪd͡ʒ.i.ə/ pn
Frygia
(historical) Ancient kingdom in the west central part of Anatolia, in what is now modern-day Turkey.

Phrygian /ˈfɹɪd͡ʒɪən/ adj
frygijski
Of or relating to Phrygia, its people, or their culture.

Phrygian /ˈfɹɪd͡ʒɪən/ Phrygians n
Frygijczyk Frygijka
A native or inhabitant of Phrygia.

Phrygian cap Phrygian caps n
czapka frygijska czapka wolności
(Ancient Rome, Ancient Greece) A soft, close-fitting cap represented in Greek and Roman art as worn by Orientals, assumed to have been conical in shape, with the top bent forward.

Pi Day /ˈpaɪ deɪ/ pn
Dzień Liczby Pi
March 14th, an annual celebration of the mathematical constant π (pi).

Piacenzian pn
piacent
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Pliocene epoch.

Piarist Piarists n
pijar
A member of the Order of Poor Clerics Regular of the Mother of God of the Pious Schools, a Catholic educational order founded in the sixteenth century.

Piatykhatky pn
Pjatychatky
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Picardy pn
Pikardia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Picardy third Picardy thirds n
tercja pikardyjska
(music) A major third in the final tonic chord of a minor-key passage.

Pict /pɪkt/ Picts n
Pikt
A member of an ancient people of northern and central Scotland.

Pictish /ˈpɪk.tɪʃ/ more Pictish most Pictish adj
piktyjski
Of or pertaining to the Picts.

Pictor pn
Malarz
(constellation) A summer constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble an easel. It lies between the constellations Carina and Dorado.

Pidhaitsi pn
Podhajce
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Pidhorodne pn
Pidhorodne
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Pied Piper /paɪd ˈpaɪ.pə/ pn
Flecista z Hameln Szczurołap z Hameln
A folk tale or legend, dating back to the Middle Ages, about a rat-catcher in variegated attire, hired by the German town of Hamelin, who is not paid for his services and retaliates by luring away the local children by playing a flute.
The flute-playing rat-catcher who is the protagonist and title character of this story.

Piedmont /ˈpiːdmɒnt/ pn
Piemont
The region of the eastern US between the Appalachian mountains and the coastal plain, extending from eastern Alabama to northern New Jersey.

Piedmontese /ˌpiːdmɒnˈtiːz/ adj
piemoncki
Of, from, or relating to Piedmont, a region in the northwest of Italy.

Piedmontese /ˌpiːdmɒnˈtiːz/ Piedmontese Piedmonteses n
Piemontczyk Piemontka
An inhabitant or a resident of Piedmont.

Piedmontese /ˌpiːdmɒnˈtiːz/ pn
język piemoncki piemoncki
A Gallo-Italic language spoken in Piedmont.

Piekary pn
Piekary
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError

Pijin /ˈpɪd͡ʒ(ɪ)n/ pn
neosalomoński
In full Solomon Islands Pijin, Solomon Pijin, or Solomons Pijin: a language spoken on the Solomon Islands, which is a form of Melanesian Pidgin.

Pilate /ˈpaɪlət/ pn
Piłat Poncjusz Piłat
(biblical character) Pontius Pilate, the man who, according to the Bible, ordered the crucifixion of Jesus.

Pilates /pɪˈlɑːtiːz/ n
pilates
A physical fitness system developed in the early 20th century by Joseph Pilates.

Pilsen pn
Pilzno
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Pinocchian more Pinocchian most Pinocchian adj
pinokiowski
Of or relating to Pinocchio.

Pinocchio /pɪˈnoʊ.ki.oʊ/ /pɪˈnəʊ.kjəʊ/ /pɪˈnəʊ.kɪ.əʊ/ pn
Pinokio
The fictional boy made from wood whose nose gets longer with each lie he tells, protagonist of the story The Adventures of Pinocchio (1881–1883) by Carlo Collodi.
The popular fairy tale about Pinocchio.

Pinsk pn
Pińsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Piraeus pn
Pireus
TemplateParserError:LuaError, part of Athens agglomeration, the chief port of Athens, located on the Saronic Gulf.
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Pirandellian /ˌpɪɹənˈdɛlɪ.ən/ more Pirandellian most Pirandellian adj
pirandellowski
Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of the works of Luigi Pirandello (1867–1936), Italian dramatist and poet; especially describing drama in which actors become inseparable and indistinct from the characters that they play.

Pisa pn
Piza
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Pisces /ˈpaɪsiːz/ /ˈpɪsiːz/ pn
Ryby
(zodiac constellations, astrology) The Fish, a Greco-Roman constellation of the zodiac named for its presumed resemblance to a pair of fish and supposed to be ruled by Neptune and to influence events occurring between February 20 and March 20 (tropical) or, less often, between March 15 and April 14 (sidereal).

Piscis Austrinus pn
Południowa Ryba Ryba Południowa
(constellation) An autumn constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a fish. It contains the star Fomalhaut.

Pittacus pn
Pittakos
One of the Seven Sages of Greece, living c. 640-568 BC. He was a native of Mytilene.

Pivdenne pn
Piwdenne
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Planck's constant n
stała Plancka
(quantum mechanics) the constant of proportionality (symbol ℎ), relating the energy and frequency of a photon (6.626×10−34 joule-second); also related to the indeterminacy limit in the Heisenberg uncertainty principle; the quantum of action

Plato /ˈpleɪ.toʊ/ /ˈpleɪ.təʊ/ pn
Platon
The Greek philosopher, 427–347 BC, follower of Socrates.

Platonic /pləˈtɒnɪk/ more Platonic most Platonic adj
platoński
Of or relating to the ancient Greek philosopher Plato or his philosophies.

Platonic solid Platonic solids n
bryła platońska
(geometry) Any of five convex polyhedra with congruent regular polygonal faces, which have a high degree of symmetry and have been studied since antiquity.

Platonism pn
platonizm
The philosophy of Plato.

Platonist Platonists n
platonik platończyk
A member of the philosophical school of thought established by Plato; a believer in Platonism.

PlayStation PlayStations n
PlayStation
(video games, trademark) A video game console of the "PlayStation" brand.

Pleiades /ˈplaɪ.əˌdiz/ /ˈplaɪ.əˌdiːz/ /ˈpleɪ.əˌdiz/ /ˈpliː.əˌdiz/ pn
Plejady
(Greek god) The "seven sisters", companions of Artemis and daughters of the Titan Atlas and the sea-nymph Pleione.
(astronomy) An open cluster of hot blue stars in the constellation Taurus, and the most easily visible such cluster from Earth.

Pleistocene /-toʊ-/ /ˈplaɪstəˌsiːn/ adj
plejstoceński
(geology) Of a geologic epoch within the Quaternary period from about 2,588,000 to 11,700 years ago (earlier definition 1.7 million to 11,000 years ago); marked by the evolution of man, and the extinction of the large mammals.

Pleistocene /-toʊ-/ /ˈplaɪstəˌsiːn/ pn
plejstocen
(geology) The Pleistocene epoch.

Plethon /ˈpliːθɒn/ /ˈpliːθən/ pn
Pleton
Georgios Gemistos Plethon (c. 1355–1453), a Byzantine Greek philosopher.

Pliensbachian pn
pliensbach
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Jurassic period.

Pliny /ˈplɪni/ Plinies Plinys pn
Pliniusz
An ancient Roman praenomen.

Pliocene /ˈplaɪəsiːn/ adj
plioceński
(geology) Of a geologic epoch within the Neogene period from about 5.3 to 1.7 million years ago; marked by the appearance of humanity's first ancestors.

Pliocene /ˈplaɪəsiːn/ pn
pliocen
(geology) The Pliocene epoch.

Ploiești pn
Ploeszti
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Plotinian more Plotinian most Plotinian adj
plotynistyczny

Plotinus /pləʊˈtaɪnəs/ pn
Plotyn
Roman philosopher 205–270; father of Neoplatonism

Plovdiv pn
Płowdiw
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Plungė pn
Płungiany
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Plurinational State of Bolivia pn
Wielonarodowe Państwo Boliwia
Official name of Bolivia.

Plutarch /ˈplu.tɑɹk/ /ˈpluː.tɑːk/ pn
Plutarch
The classical historian and essayist Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus (46-120 C.E.). Often used as a byword for a biographer, to suggest that the writer is especially skilled or has other attributes associated with Plutarch.

Pluto /ˈplutoʊ/ /ˈpluːtəʊ/ [ˈpluɾoʊ] pn
Pluton
(Greek god, Roman god) Greco-Roman god of the underworld.
(astronomy) The largest dwarf planet and formerly the ninth planet, represented by the symbol ♇ or ⯓, both now used mostly in astrology. [from 1930]

Pluviôse /ˈpluvioʊs/ /ˈpluːvɪəʊs/ Pluviôses pn
pluviôse
(historical) The fifth month of the French Republican Calendar, from January 20, 21 or 22 to February 18, 19 or 20.

Pnyx /ˈnɪks/ /ˈpnɪks/ pn
Pnyks
(Ancient Greece, historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError west of the Acropolis with a stone platform and steps set into its side, which was used as the meeting place of the democratic assembly in Ancient Greece.

Po pn
Pad
TemplateParserError:LuaError, which flows 652 kilometers eastward to the Adriatic Sea near Venice.

Po valley pn
Nizina Padańska
A large plain that occupies most of northern Italy south of the Alps, surrounding the river Po.

Pochaiv pn
Poczajów
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Podgorica /ˈpɒdɡəɹɪtsa/ pn
Podgorica
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Podhale pn
Podhale
Poland's southernmost region, sometimes referred to as the "Polish highlands".

Podilsk pn
Podolsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Podlaskie Voivodeship pn
województwo podlaskie
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Podolia pn
Podole

Podolsk pn
Podolsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Podunk /ˈpoʊdʌŋk/ pn
Pcim Dolny Pipidówka
(US) Mythical small town of no importance. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

Pohrebyshche pn
Pehrebyszcze Pohrebyszcze

Poitou /pwɑˈtu/ /ˈpwɑːtuː/ /ˈpwʌtuː/ pn
Poitou Piktawia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Pokrov pn
Pokrow
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Pokrovsk pn
Pokrowsk

Polabian pn
język połabski
A West Slavic language, extinct in the 18th century.

Polack /ˈpoʊlɑk/ /ˈpəʊlæk/ Polacks n
polaczek
(now, _, North America, _, offensive, _, slang) A Pole, or person of Polish descent.

Poland /ˈpoʊ.lənd/ /ˈpəʊ.lənd/ pn
Polska
TemplateParserError:LuaError, named after the home country of a plantation manager.

Poland Is Not Yet Lost pn
Mazurek Dąbrowskiego

Polaris /pɔʊˈlɑɹɪs/ pn
Gwiazda Polarna Polaris
(star) α Ursae Minoris, a trinary star in the constellation Ursa Minor located near the north celestial pole for the last 1500 years.

Pole /poʊl/ /pɔʊl/ /pəʊl/ Poles n
Polak Polka
A person from Poland or of Polish descent.

Poleshuk Poleshuki Poleshuks n
Poleszuczka Poleszuk
A member of an ethnic group descended from the people of Polesia.

Polesia pn
Polesie
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Polish /ˈpoʊlɪʃ/ /ˈpəʊlɪʃ/ adj
polski
Of, from or native to Poland, or relating to the Polish language.

Polish /ˈpoʊlɪʃ/ /ˈpəʊlɪʃ/ n
język polski polszczyzna polski
The language spoken in Poland.

Polish People's Republic pn
Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa
(historical) A Marxist-Leninist country in Central Europe that existed from 1947 to 1989, the predecessor of the current Republic of Poland.

Polish notation n
Notacja polska
(arithmetic, logic) A notation for arithmetic (and logical) formulae in which operations (respectively, quantifiers and operands) are written immediately before their operands, used to avoid the need for parentheses; for example, 3 * (4 + 7) is written as * 3 + 4 7 and A AND B is written as AND A B.

Polish parliament Polish parliaments n
chwiejny parlament
(idiomatic) A deliberative but indecisive institution.

Polish plait Polish plaits n
kołtun
(now, possibly, offensive) A medical condition resulting from deficient hair care in which the uncombed hair becomes irreversibly entangled, forming a matted mass, which can become malodorous and encrusted or sticky.

Polish studies n
polonistyka filologia polska
(humanities) An academic discipline that includes the study of literatures written in the Polish language, Polish linguistics, and Polish sociolinguistics.

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth pn
Rzeczpospolita Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów
A confederation of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, 1569–1795.

Polishness n
polskość polszczyzna
The quality or state of being Polish.

Polohy pn
Połohy
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Polonism Polonisms n
polonizm
A word or phrase characteristic of the Polish language.

Polonization Polonizations n
polonizacja spolszczenie
The process of Polonizing.

Polonize v
polonizować polszczyć spolonizować spolszczać spolszczyć
(transitive) To make Polish as to custom, culture, language, or style; to adapt to the norms of the Republic of Poland.

Polonne pn
Połonne
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Polonophone adj
polskojęzyczny
Polish-speaking.

Polotsk /ˈpɒlətsk/ pn
Połock
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Poltava pn
Połtawa Obwód połtawski
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Polyclitus /ˌpɑ.lɪˈkli(ː).təs/ /ˌpɑl.ɪˈklaɪ.təs/ pn
Poliklet
A en given name

Polynesia /pɒləˈniːzi.ə/ /ˌpɑːləˈniːʒə/ pn
Polinezja
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Polynesian more Polynesian most Polynesian adj
polinezyjski
Of, from, or pertaining to Polynesia.

Polynesian Polynesians n
Polinezyjczyk Polinezyjka
A person from Polynesia.

Pomerania /ˌpɒməˈɹeɪniə/ pn
Pomorze
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Pomeranian /ˌpɒməˈɹeɪniən/ /ˌpɒməˈɹeɪnjən/ more Pomeranian most Pomeranian adj
pomorski
Of or relating to Pomerania.

Pomeranian /ˌpɒməˈɹeɪniən/ /ˌpɒməˈɹeɪnjən/ Pomeranians n
Pomorzanin Pomorzanka
A native or inhabitant of Pomerania.
Szpic miniaturowy
A breed of small, fluffy, energetic toy dogs in the canine family of spitzes.

Pomeranian Voivodeship pn
województwo pomorskie
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Pomichna pn
Pomiczna
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Pompeii /pɑːmˈpeɪ(i)/ /pɒmˈpeɪ(i)/ pn
Pompeje
A city and commune in the Metropolitan City of Naples, Campania, Italy.

Pontic /ˈpɒntɪk/ adj
pontyjski

Pontus /ˈpɑːntəs/ /ˈpɒntəs/ pn
Pont
the present-day region covering the eastern half of the southern coast of the Black Sea.

Pooh /puː/ pn
Puchatek
Short for Winnie the Pooh.

Poohsticks /ˈpuːstɪks/ pn
misie-patysie
(games) A game where each player throws a stick on the upstream side of a bridge crossing a river, and see whose comes out first on the other side.

Popasna pn
Popasna
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Popemobile Popemobiles n
papamobile
(informal) Any of various vehicles with bulletproof glass sides used to transport the Pope through crowds safely while allowing an open view.

Poroshenko pn
Poroszenko
A transliteration of the Ukrainian surname Порошенко (Porošenko).

Porphyry pn
Porfiriusz
A Tyrian Neoplatonic philosopher.

Porsche /ˈpoɹ-/ /ˈpɔɹ.ʃi/ /ˈpɔɹ.ʃə/ /ˈpɔɹʃ/ /ˈpɔː.ʃi/ /ˈpɔː.ʃə/ /ˈpɔːʃ/ Porsches n
porsche
(automotive) A car of this brand, reputably high-performance and expensive.

Port Louis pn
Port Louis
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Port of Spain /ˈpɔːt əv ˈspeɪn/ pn
Port-of-Spain
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Port-au-Prince /ˌpɔɹtoʊˈpɹæ̃s/ /ˌpɔɹtoʊˈpɹɪns/ /ˌpɔːtəʊˈpɹæ̃s/ /ˌpɔːtəʊˈpɹɪns/ pn
Port-au-Prince
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Portugal /ˈpɔɹtuɡɑːl/ /ˈpɔɹt͡ʃəɡəl/ /ˈpɔːtjəɡəl/ /ˈpɔːt͡ʃəɡəl/ pn
Portugalia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Portuguese /ˈpɔɹ.t͡ʃə.ɡiz/ /ˌpɔː.t͡ʃəˈɡiːz/ more Portuguese most Portuguese adj
portugalski Portugalczyk
Of or pertaining to the people of Portugal or their culture.

Portuguese /ˈpɔɹ.t͡ʃə.ɡiz/ /ˌpɔː.t͡ʃəˈɡiːz/ Portuguese Portugueses n
Portugalczyk Portugalka portugalski
(chiefly, in the plural) A person native to, or living in, Portugal.

Portuguese /ˈpɔɹ.t͡ʃə.ɡiz/ /ˌpɔː.t͡ʃəˈɡiːz/ pn
portugalski Portugalczyk
A Romance language originating in Portugal, and now the official language of Portugal, Angola, Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe, Guiné Bissau (Guinea-Bissau), Cape Verde, East Timor, and Brazil.

Portuguese Republic pn
Republika Portugalska
The official name of Portugal.

Portuguese Water Dog /ˌpɔɹtʃəɡiːz ˈwɔtɚ dɔɡ/ /ˌpɔːtʃəɡiːz ˈwɔːtə dɒɡ/ Portuguese Water Dogs n
portugalski pies dowodny portugalski pies wodny
A water spaniel breed of gun dog originating in Portugal.

Portuguese man-of-war /ˈmæn-/ /ˈpoɹ-/ /ˈpoɹ.tʃəˌɡiz ˌmæn.ə(v)ˈwoɹ/ /ˈpɔː.tʃʊˌɡiːz ˌmæn.ə(v)ˈwɔː/ Portuguese men-of-war n
żeglarz portugalski aretuza bąbelnica bąbelcowa
Physalia physalis, a marine cnidarian consisting of a floating colony of hydrozoans attached to a float, superficially resembling a jellyfish.

Portugueseness n
portugalskość
The quality, state or character of being Portuguese.

Poseidon /pəˈsaɪdn̩/ pn
Posejdon
(Greek god) The god of the sea and other waters, earthquakes and horses; corresponds to the Roman god Neptune.

Potawatomi Potawatomi Potawatomis n
Potawatomi
A member of a Native American people of the upper Mississippi River region.

Potsdam /ˈpɑtsdæm/ /ˈpɒtsdæm/ pn
Poczdam
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Poznan /ˈpɒznæn/ pn
Poznań
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Praetorian Praetorians n
pretorianin
(historical, Ancient Rome) A member of a special bodyguard force used by Roman emperors, their symbol being the scorpion.

Pragian pn
Prag
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Devonian period.

Prague /pɹeɪ̯ɡ/ /pɹɑːɡ/ pn
praski
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
Praga praski
(metonym) The Czech government.

Praguer Praguers n
prażanin prażanka
a native or resident of Prague, Czechia

Praia /ˈpɹaɪə/ pn
Praia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Prairial /pɹɛɹˈjɑl/ /ˈpɹɛːɹɪ.əl/ Prairials pn
prairial
(historical) The ninth month of the French Republican Calendar, from May 20 or 21 to June 18 or 19.

Prancer pn
Pyszałek
The third reindeer of Santa Claus.

Prangli pn
Prangli
An island on the southern coast of Gulf of Finland, belonging to Estonia.

Presbyterian /ˌpɹɛz.bɪˈtɪəɹ.ɪ.ən/ /ˌpɹɛz.bɪˈtɪɹ.i.ən/ adj
prezbiteriański
Relating to Presbyterianism.

Presbyterian /ˌpɹɛz.bɪˈtɪəɹ.ɪ.ən/ /ˌpɹɛz.bɪˈtɪɹ.i.ən/ Presbyterians n
prezbiterianin prezbiterianka
A person belonging to a church in the tradition of Presbyterianism.

Presbyterianism n
prezbiterianizm
A form of Protestant Christianity based on Calvinism.

Pretoria /pɹəˈtɔːɹi.ə/ pn
Pretoria
(metonym) the South African government

Prevost's squirrel Prevost's squirrels n
wiewiórczak trójbarwny
Callosciurus prevostii, a colourful Asian squirrel.

Prešov pn
Preszów
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Priabonian pn
Priabon
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Eocene epoch.

Pride /pɹaɪd/ Prides pn
Pride
A festival primarily for LGBT people, usually organized annually within a city.

Primorsky Krai pn
Kraj Nadmorski
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Primus stove Primus stoves n
prymus
A type of portable stove that uses pressurized kerosene as fuel, used by campers and the like.

Prince Charming Prince Charmings Princes Charming n
książę z bajki
(by extension) A heterosexual woman's prototypical ideal romantic partner, especially but not necessarily if he embodies common characteristics of the fictional princes, such as being courageous or chivalrous.

Prince Edward Island pn
Wyspa Księcia Edwarda
an island in the subantarctic Indian Ocean, part of the Prince Edward Islands, under the care and protection of South African Environmental Management

Prince of Wales pn
książę Walii
A royal title given to the male heir apparent to the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom.

Pripyat pn
Prypeć
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError, near the border with Belarus.

Priscilla /pɹɪˈsɪlə/ pn
Pryscylla
A en given name of biblical origin.

Pristina pn
Prisztina
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Proclus /ˈpɹɒkləs/ pn
Proklos
A en given name

Procopius /pɹəˈkoʊ.pi.əs/ /pɹəˈkəʊ.piː.əs/ pn
Prokop Prokopiusz
A en given name.
A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Saint Procopius, an early Christian martyr of the 3rd century C.E.
A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Procopius, a Roman imperial usurper of the 4th century C.E.
A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Procopius of Caesarea, a Byzantine Greek historian of the 6th century C.E.

Procrustes pn
Prokrust
(Greek mythology) A celebrated legendary highwayman of Attica, who tied his victims upon an iron bed, and, as the case required, either stretched or cut off their legs to adapt them to its length.

Prohibition pn
prohibicja
(history) Any of several periods during which the manufacture, transportation, import, export, and sale of alcoholic beverages were restricted or illegal.

Prometheus /pɹoʊˈmiθi.əs/ /pɹəˈmiːθi.əs/ pn
Prometeusz
(Greek god) The Titan chiefly honored for stealing fire from Zeus in the stalk of a fennel plant and giving it to mortals for their use. The god of fire and craft.

Promised Land Promised Lands n
ziemia obiecana
(idiomatic, sometimes, lower case) Any place to which one eagerly seeks to go and which one expects to greatly improve one's situation.

Promised Land pn
Ziemia Obiecana
(Judaism, Christianity) The area historically known as Judea, which was promised to the Israelites by God according to oral tradition recorded in the Book of Genesis.

Proterozoic /ˌpɹoʊt(ə)ɹoʊˈzoʊɪk/ /ˌpɹoʊt(ə)ɹrəˈzoʊɪk/ /ˌpɹɒt(ə)ɹəʊˈzəʊɪk/ /ˌpɹɒt(ə)ɹəˈzəʊɪk/ pn
proterozoik
(geology) The eon from 2,500 Ma to 541.0±1.0 Ma, the beginning of the Phanerozoic, marked by the build up of oxygen in the atmosphere and the emergence of primitive multicellular life.

Protestant /ˈpɹɑtɪstənt/ /ˈpɹɒtɪstənt/ more Protestant most Protestant adj
protestancki
(Christianity) Of or pertaining to several denominations of Christianity that separated from the Roman Catholic Church based on theological or political differences during the Reformation.

Protestant /ˈpɹɑtɪstənt/ /ˈpɹɒtɪstənt/ Protestants n
protestant protestantka
(Christianity) A member of any of several Christian denominations which separated from the Roman Catholic Church based on theological or political differences during the Reformation (or in some cases later).

Protestantism /ˈpɹɑ.tɪs.tən.tɪ.zəm/ /ˈpɹɑ.ɾɪs.tən.tɪ.zm̩/ /ˈpɹɒt.ɪs.tən.tɪ.zəm/ Protestantisms n
protestantyzm
The Protestant (rather than the Roman Catholic or Orthodox) Christian faith.

Proto-Germanic pn
pragermański
Hypothetical prehistoric ancestor language of all Germanic languages, including English.

Proto-Indo-European /-ˌjɔːɹəˈ-/ /ˌpɹoʊ̯toʊ̯ˌɪndoʊ̯ˌjʊɹəˈpi.ən/ /ˌpɹəʊ̯təʊ̯ˌɪndə(ʊ̯)ˌjʊə̯ɹəˈpiːən/ adj
praindoeuropejski
(linguistics, anthropology) Of or pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it.

Proto-Indo-European /-ˌjɔːɹəˈ-/ /ˌpɹoʊ̯toʊ̯ˌɪndoʊ̯ˌjʊɹəˈpi.ən/ /ˌpɹəʊ̯təʊ̯ˌɪndə(ʊ̯)ˌjʊə̯ɹəˈpiːən/ Proto-Indo-Europeans n
Praindoeuropejczyk
(anthropology, countable) A person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language.

Proto-Indo-European /-ˌjɔːɹəˈ-/ /ˌpɹoʊ̯toʊ̯ˌɪndoʊ̯ˌjʊɹəˈpi.ən/ /ˌpɹəʊ̯təʊ̯ˌɪndə(ʊ̯)ˌjʊə̯ɹəˈpiːən/ pn
praindoeuropejski
(linguistics, uncountable) The reconstructed ancestor language or protolanguage of the Indo-European family of languages, which includes most European, Iranian, and Indian languages.

Proto-Kartvelian pn
język prakartwelski
The reconstructed ancestor of the Kartvelian languages.

Proto-Slavic adj
prasłowiański
Of or pertaining to the people or nation that spoke Proto-Slavic.

Proto-Slavic pn
język prasłowiański prasłowiańszczyzna
(linguistics) A hypothetical, reconstructed language whence all the Slavic languages later descended.

Proustian /ˈpɹusti.ən/ /ˈpɹuːstɪ.ən/ more Proustian most Proustian adj
proustowski
Of, pertaining to, or reminiscent of Marcel Proust (1871–1922), French novelist, or his works.

Provence /pɹəˈvɒns/ /pɹəˈvɒ̃s/ pn
Prowansja
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur pn
Prowansja-Alpy-Lazurowe Wybrzeże
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Provençal /ˌpɹɒvɑːnˈsɑːl/ /ˌpɹɒvɒnˈsɑːl/ /ˌpɹɒvənˈsɑːl/ pn
prowansalski
(strictly) The Romance Occitan dialect of Provence.

Proverbs Proverb pn
Księga Przysłów
A book of the Old Testament of Bible, and of the Tanakh, being a collection of moral maxims.

Provo /ˈpɹoʊ.voʊ/ /ˈpɹəʊ.vəʊ/ pn
Provo
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Prozac pn
prozak
A trade name for the drug fluoxetine.

Prudence pn
Prudencja
A en given name, one of the Puritan virtue names.

Prudnik pn
Prudnik
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Prussia /ˈpɹʌʃə/ pn
Prusy
(chiefly, historical) A geographical area on the Baltic coast of northeastern Europe.
(historical) A German province which was originally located in this area but later greatly expanded, and which was the predecessor to and a member of the German Empire; abolished as an administrative unit at the end of the Second World War.
(countable) A country known for exceptional military professionalism in her region. Historically used for Bulgaria as the "Prussia of the Balkans".

Prussian /ˈpɹʌ.ʃən/ adj
pruski
Of, from, or pertaining to Prussia.

Prussian /ˈpɹʌ.ʃən/ pn
pruski
The Prussian language; see Old Prussian and New Prussian.

Prussian blue Prussian blues n
błękit pruski
(inorganic compound) An insoluble dark, bright blue pigment, ferric ferrocyanide (equivalent to ferrous ferricyanide), used in painting and dyeing, and as an antidote for certain kinds of heavy metal poisoning.

Prussian red Prussian reds n
pruska czerwień
The colour of this compound: a hue of semi-dark brownish red

Pruzhany pn
Prużana
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Pryluky pn
Pryłuki Przyłuki
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Prymorsk pn
Prymorśk

Pryvillia pn
Prywilla

Przemyśl /pəˈʃɛmɪʃəl/ pn
Przemyśl
TemplateParserError:LuaError
Ellipsis of Przemyśl County.; TemplateParserError:LuaError

Przewalski's horse /pʒɛˈvɑːlskiz ˈhɔː(ɹ)s/ Przewalski's horses n
koń Przewalskiego
A rare, endangered horse, Equus ferus przewalskii, native to the steppes of Central Asia.

Psalms /sæmz/ /sɑlmz/ /sɑmz/ /sɑːmz/ /sɔlmz/ /sɔmz/ pn
Księga Psalmów

Pskov pn
Psków
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Pskovian more Pskovian most Pskovian adj
pskowski
Of, pertaining to or characteristic of Pskov, its people, culture or language.

Psyche /ˈsaɪ.ki/ pn
Psyche
(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) The personification of the soul. Originally a mortal princess who later married Eros/Cupid, (the god of love), was deified, and bore him a daughter, Hedone/Voluptas.

Ptolemaic /ˌtɑl.əˈmeɪ.ɪk/ /ˌtɒl.əˈmeɪ.ɪk/ adj
ptolemejski Ptolemejski Ptolemeuszowski Ptolemeuszowy ptolemeuszowski
(historical) Of or pertaining to the Ptolemy dynasty of pharaohs, the Ptolemies, rulers of Hellenistic Egypt.

Ptolemy /ˈtɑləmi/ /ˈtɒləmi/ pn
Ptolemeusz
A en given name of Greek origin, borne by historical persons in ancient Egypt.

Puebla pn
Puebla
TemplateParserError:LuaError, whose municipal seat is the city of the same name.
TemplateParserError:LuaError, whose capital is the city of the same name.

Puerto Galera /ˌpwɛɹtoʊ ɡɑ ˈleɪɹə/ pn
Puerto Galera
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Puerto Rico /ˌpwɛə(ɹ)təˈɹiːkəʊ/ /ˌpwɛɹtoʊˈɹikoʊ/ /ˌpwɜː(ɹ)təˈɹiːkəʊ/ /ˌpɔɹtəˈɹikoʊ/ [ˌpɔɚɾəˈɹikoʊ] pn
Portoryko Puerto Rico
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Punjab /pan.ˈdʒaːb/ /pə̃.ˈdʒaːb/ /pʊn.ˈdʒɑːb/ /pʌnˈdʒɑːb/ /ˈpuːn.dʒɑːb/ pn
Pendżab
TemplateParserError:LuaError which has union territory Chandigarh as its capital; its biggest city is Ludhiana.

Punjabi /puːn.ˈdʒɑːbi/ /pʊnˈd͡ʒɑːbi/ /pʌnˈd͡ʒɑːbi/ adj
pendżabski
Of, pertaining to, descended from the people or culture of the Punjab, or written in the Punjabi language.

Punjabi /puːn.ˈdʒɑːbi/ /pʊnˈd͡ʒɑːbi/ /pʌnˈd͡ʒɑːbi/ Punjabis n
pendżabski pańdżabi
(uncountable) The main language spoken in the Punjab region, in eastern Pakistan and Northern India.
Pendżabczyk Pendżabka
(countable) Resident or descendant of or immigrant from the Punjab.

Puppis pn
Rufa
(constellation) A winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble the stern of a ship. Until 1763, it was part of a larger constellation, Argo Navis.

Purgatory pn
czyściec
(Christianity) An intermediate state after death in which some of those ultimately destined for Heaven must first undergo purification prior to entering Heaven.

Purim /-im/ /puˈɹɪm/ /ˈpjʊəɹ-/ /ˈpʊəɹɪm/ pn
Purim Święto Losów
(Judaism) A Jewish festival, celebrated on the 14th day of Adar, commemorating the deliverance of the Persian Jews from a complete massacre at the hand of Haman the Amalekite.

Puritanism n
purytanizm
The beliefs and practices of the Puritans.

Purkinje cell Purkinje cells n
komórka Purkinjego

Pushilin pn
Puszylin
A transliteration of a Russian surname.

Pushkin pn
Puszkin
A transliteration of the Russian surname Пу́шкин (Púškin).

Pushkinian more Pushkinian most Pushkinian adj
puszkinowski
Of or relating to Alexander Pushkin (Russian: Алекса́ндр Пу́шкин, 1799–1837), Russian author of the Romantic era.

Puss in Boots pn
Kot w butach
A 17th-century French literary fairy tale about a cat who uses trickery and deceit to gain power, wealth, and the hand of a princess in marriage for his penniless and low-born master.

Pustomyty pn
Pustomyty
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Putin /ˈpuː.tɪn/ Putins pn
Putin
A surname from Russian.

Putinesque more Putinesque most Putinesque adj
putinowski
Reminiscent of the beliefs or policies of Vladimir Putin (born 1952), President of Russia since 2012.

Putinism pn
putinizm
(politics) The political policies of Vladimir Putin; the Russian political system during Putin’s tenure in power.

Putinist Putinists n
putinista putinistka putinowiec putinówka
(politics) A supporter of Putinism.

Putler [ˈput.lɚ] [ˈpuːt.lə] pn
Putler
(derogatory) Vladimir Putin (president of Russia)

Putyvl pn
Putywl

Pyongyang /ˌpjɑŋˈjæŋ/ /ˌpjɒŋˈjæŋ/ /ˌpjɔŋˈjæŋ/ /ˌpjʌŋˈjɑŋ/ /ˌpjʌŋˈjɑːŋ/ pn
Pjongjang Phenian
(metonym) The North Korean government.

Pyrenean /ˌpɪɹəˈniːən/ adj
pirenejski
Of or pertaining to the Pyrenees, a range of mountains separating France and Spain

Pyrenees pn
Pireneje
The mountain range separating Spain from France, inhabited by Basques in the west, Occitans in the centre-north, Aragonese in the centre-south, and Catalans in the east.

Pyriatyn pn
Pyriatyn

Pyrrhic victory /ˌpɪɹ.ɪk ˈvɪk.t(ə)ɹ.i/ Pyrrhic victories n
pyrrusowe zwycięstwo
A very costly victory, wherein the considerable losses outweigh the gain, so as to render the struggle not worth the cost.

Pyrrhus /ˈpaɪɹəs/ /ˈpɪɹəs/ pn
Pyrrus
Ancient Greek given name, particularly worn by the king of Epirus (319-272 BC) who defeated Romans in several battles, but sustained heavy losses, from which the term Pyrrhic victory was coined.

Pythagoras /paɪˈθæɡ.əɹ.əs/ /pɪˈθæɡ.əɹ.əs/ pn
Pitagoras
Pythagoras (c. 570 – c. 495 BC), an Ancient Greek mathematician and philosopher.

Pythagorean /pɪˌθaɡəˈɹiːən/ more Pythagorean most Pythagorean adj
pitagorejski
Pertaining to Pythagoras or his philosophy. [from 16th c.]

Pythagorean theorem pn
twierdzenie Pitagorasa
(geometry) A mathematical theorem which states that the square of the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle is equal to the sum of the squares of those of the two other sides.

Pythagorean trigonometric identity Pythagorean trigonometric identities n
jedynka trygonometryczna
(trigonometry) The equality \sin(x)^2 + \cos(x)^2 = 1, holding for all real and complex x, equivalent to the application of the Pythagorean theorem to the unit circle.

Pythagorean triple Pythagorean triples n
trójka pitagorejska
(mathematics) A set of three positive integers a, b and c, for which a^2 + b^2 = c^2.

Pythagoreanism n
pitagoreizm
(philosophy) The esoteric and metaphysical beliefs held by Pythagoras and his followers.

Python /ˈpaɪθɑn/ /ˈpaɪθɔn/ /ˈpaɪθən/ pn
Pyton
(Greek mythology) The earth-dragon of Delphi, represented as a serpent, killed by Apollo.
Python
(computing) An interpreted, high-level, general-purpose programming language invented by Guido van Rossum.

Pyxis pn
Kompas
(constellation) A spring constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble the compass of a ship. It is associated with the larger Argo Navis, although it was never officially part of that constellation.

Pärnu pn
Parnawa
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Père David's tit Père David's tits n
sikora cynamonowa
Poecile davidi, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

Płock County pn
powiat płocki

Q /kju/ /kjuː/ /kjʉː/ n
D
(card games, chess)

Q and A Q and As Qs and As n
QnA

Q.E.D. /ˌkjuˌiˈdi/ /ˌkjuːiːˈdiː/ phraseologicalUnit
c.b.d.o. c.b.d.u.

Qatar /kəˈtɑɹ/ /ˈkæˌtɑɹ/ /ˈkɑtɑɹ/ /ˈkɑtɚ/ /ˈkʌtəɹ/ /ˈɡɑtəɹ/ /ˈɡʌtəɹ/ pn
Katar
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Qatari /kəˈtɑːɹ.i/ adj
katarski
Of, from, or pertaining to Qatar or the Qatari people.

Qatari /kəˈtɑːɹ.i/ Qataris n
Katarczyk Katarka
A person from Qatar or of Qatari descent.

Quaker /ˈkweɪkɚ/ Quakers n
kwakier
A believer of the Quaker faith and a member of the Society of Friends, known for their pacifist views.

Quaternary pn
czwartorzęd
(geology) The geological period of the Cenozoic Era immediately following the Tertiary. It is subdivided into the Pleistocene and the Holocene Epochs.

Quebec /keɪˈbɛk/ /kwəˈbɛk/ /kwɪˈbɛk/ /kəˈbɛk/ /kɛˈbɛk/ Quebecs pn
Quebec
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Quechua /ˈkɛt͡ʃwə/ /ˈkɛt͡ʃəwə/ pn
keczua kiczua
The language spoken by these people.

Quechuan /ˈkɛt͡ʃwən/ /ˈkɛt͡ʃəwən/ adj
keczuański kiczuański
Of or pertaining to the Quechua people or language.

Quentin /ˈkwɛntɪn/ pn
Kwintyn
A en given name.
A en given name occasionally used.

Quenya /ˈkwɛnjə/ [ˈkʷwɛɲja] pn
quenya
A constructed language created by J. R. R. Tolkien modelled on Greek, Latin and Finnish.

Quezon City /kɛˈzɒn ˈsɪ.ti/ pn
Quezon City
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Quidditch /ˈkwɪdɪt͡ʃ/ n
quidditch
A fictional ball game played between two teams of seven players riding flying broomsticks, using four balls and six elevated ring-shaped goals.

Quinquagesima n
pięćdziesiątnica
(Christianity) A moveable feast in the Christian calendar on the Sunday 49 days before Easter Sunday (50 days counting inclusively).

Quito /ˈkitoʊ/ /ˈkiːtəʊ/ pn
Quito
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Qur'an /koʊˈɹæn/ /kɔˈɹɑn/ /kəˈɹæn/ /kəˈɹɑn/ /kəˈɹɑːn/ Qur'ans pn
Koran
The Islamic holy book, considered by Muslims to be the word of God as revealed to Muhammad.

Qur'anic more Qur'anic most Qur'anic adj
koraniczny
Of or relating to the Qur'an.

RAM /ɹæm/ RAMs n
RAM
(electronics, computing) Acronym of random-access memory.

REM sleep REM sleeps n
faza REM
The stage of sleep during which most brain activity and dreams occur, characterised by rapid eye movement (REM).

RFID n
RFID
(electronics) Initialism of radio-frequency identification.

RIP /ɑː(ɹ) aɪ ˈpiː/ /ɹɪp/ interjection
śp.
Initialism of requiescat in pace, requiescant in pace, and rest in peace.

RNA RNAs n
RNA
(biochemistry) Initialism of ribonucleic acid.

ROT13 n
ROT13

RPG RPGs n
RPG erpeg gra fabularna gra wyobraźni rolplej
(games) A roleplaying game.
RPG granatnik przeciwpancerny
(weapons) A rocket-propelled grenade.
zbiórki na mecz
(basketball) Rebounds per game.

RPN n
ONP
(computing) Initialism of reverse Polish notation.

RSFSR /ɑɹ.ɛs.ɛf.ɛs.ˈɑɹ/ /ɑː.ɛs.ɛf.ɛs.ˈɑː/ pn
RFSRR
Initialism of Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.

RSS feed RSS feeds n
kanał RSS

Rabat /ɹɑːˈbæt/ /ɹɑːˈbɑːt/ /ɹəˈbæt/ /ɹəˈbɑːt/ pn
Rabat
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Rabbinic Judaism n
judaizm rabiniczny
The mainstream form of Judaism since the 6th century CE, after the codification of the Babylonian Talmud, having its roots in Pharisaic Judaism and based on the belief that Moses at Mount Sinai received two items from God: the written Torah and the oral Torah.

Rabinowitz pn
Rabinowicz
An Ashkenazic surname from German, Germanized variant of Rabinovich.

Rachel /ˈɹeɪt͡ʃəl/ pn
Rachela
Younger daughter of Laban, sister to Leah, and second wife of Jacob.

Racibórz pn
Racibórz
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Radde's warbler Radde's warblers n
świstunka grubodzioba
Phylloscopus schwarzi, a leaf warbler which breeds in Siberia.

Radekhiv pn
Radziechów
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Radomyshl pn
Radomyśl

Radviliškis pn
Radziwiliszki
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Radyvyliv pn
Radziwiłłów
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Rajasthani pn
radżastański
The Indo-Aryan language spoken primarily in Rajasthan and Pakistan.

Rakhiv pn
Rachów
TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Raków /ˈɹækuːf/ pn
Raków
A settlement founded in the Sandomierz Voivodeship of Lesser Poland in 1569 as the centre of the Polish Brethren, the site of the Racovian Academy 1602–1638 and of the publication of the Racovian Catechism in 1605; formerly a town until 1869, it is now a village of the Republic of Poland and the seat of the gmina wiejska (rural commune) of the same name.
(fully “Gmina Raków”) A gmina wiejska (rural commune) in Kielce County in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship of the Republic of Poland, with its seat in the village of the same name.

Ralph /ɹeɪf/ /ɹælf/ pn
Ralf
A en given name.

Rama Ramas pn
Rama
(Hinduism) A name of the goddess Lakshmi (Devanagari: रमा).
A river in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and a major tributary of the Neretva.

Ramadan /ɹæməˈdɑːn/ /ɹɑːməˈdɑːn/ /ˈɹæmədæn/ /ˈɹɑːmədɑːn/ Ramadans pn
ramadan ramazan
(Islam) The holy ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar, during which Muslims fast between the break of dawn until sunset; they also refrain from drinking liquids, smoking and having sexual relations.

Ramallah pn
Ramallah
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Ramesses pn
Ramzes
Name of several pharaohs of 19th and 20th dynasty of Ancient Egypt, 13th to 10th century BC.

Ranchi pn
Ranchi
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Randstad pn
Randstad
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Raphael /ˈɹæf.eɪ.əl/ /ˈɹæf.eɪˌɛl/ /ˈɹæf.i.əl/ /ˈɹæf.ɛəl/ /ˈɹæf.ɪ.əl/ /ˌɹæf.aɪˈɛl/ /ˌɹɑː.faɪˈɛl/ Raphaels pn
Rafał
An archangel in Christianity, Judaism, and Islam.
(countable) A en given name.

Rapunzel /ɹəˈpʌnzəl/ Rapunzels pn
Roszpunka
A German fairy tale about a girl imprisoned in a tower who lets down her long hair for a rescuer to climb.
The fictional girl who is the protagonist and title character of the fairy tale.

Rastafarian Rastafarians n
rastafarianin rastafarianka rastaman rastamanka
An adherent of Rastafarianism.

Rava-Ruska pn
Rawa Ruska
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Ravenna pn
Rawenna
A province in the region of Emilia-Romagna, in northern Italy.
A coastal city, the present-day capital of the province of Ravenna.
TemplateParserError:LuaError, named after the Italian city.

Raymond /ˈɹeɪmənd/ Raymonds pn
Rajmund
A en given name.

Reaganomics /ˌreɪɡəˈnɑmɪks/ /ˌreɪɡəˈnɒmɪks/ n
reaganomika
The neoliberal, free market economic ideas and policies of the American president Ronald Reagan (1911–2004) and his two administrations (1981–1989), with a focus on reduced government spending, taxation, and regulations (supply-side economics) and granting potential benefits and encouragement to wealthy people and businesses in particular to drive the rest of the economy (trickle-down hypothesis).

Rebecca /ɹɪˈbɛkə/ Rebeccas pn
Rebeka
A en given name, in regular use since the Reformation.

Rebekah pn
Rebeka
(Biblical) The sister of Laban; Isaac's wife; the mother of Jacob and Esau.

Red Army pn
Armia Czerwona
(historical, military) Name of the Soviet army in the period 1918–1946.

Red Army man Red Army men n
czerwonoarmista czerwonoarmistka
(historical) The lowest military rank of the Red Army.

Red Crescent pn
Czerwony Półksiężyc
A branch of the Red Cross that operates in Muslim countries.

Red Cross pn
Czerwony Krzyż
An international humanitarian organization that cares for the wounded, sick, and homeless.
The symbol of this organization.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Red Sea pn
Morze Czerwone
(US politics) The states of the western and southern United States which consistently vote Republican in presidential elections.

Red Square pn
Plac Czerwony
A large historical square in central Moscow.

Redeemer pn
Odkupiciel Zbawiciel
honorific title for Jesus Christ

Reformation pn
reformacja
(historical) The religious movement initiated in the 16th century against the Roman Catholic Church.

Rega pn
Rega
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Regensburg pn
Ratyzbona
TemplateParserError:LuaError; also called Ratisbon

Rehoboam pn
Roboam
King of Israel after Solomon, whose folly split the kingdom in two; the father of Abijah (biblical character)

Reich /ɹaɪk/ /ɹaɪx/ n
rzesza imperium
A German empire, kingdom or nation; its territory or government.

Renaissance /ɹɘˈnæɪsɒns/ /ɹɘˈnæɪsɘns/ /ɹəˈneɪs(ə)ns/ /ɹəˈneɪsɑːns/ /ɹəˈneɪsɒ̃(n)s/ /ɹəˈnæɪsɔns/ /ɹəˈnæɪsəns/ /ˈɹenɘˌsɒns/ /ˈɹenəˌsɔns/ /ˈɹɛnəˌsɑns/ /ˌɹɛnəˈsɑns/ /ˌɹɛnəˈsɒ̃(n)s/ adj
renesansowy
Of, or relating to the style of art or architecture of the Renaissance.

Renaissance /ɹɘˈnæɪsɒns/ /ɹɘˈnæɪsɘns/ /ɹəˈneɪs(ə)ns/ /ɹəˈneɪsɑːns/ /ɹəˈneɪsɒ̃(n)s/ /ɹəˈnæɪsɔns/ /ɹəˈnæɪsəns/ /ˈɹenɘˌsɒns/ /ˈɹenəˌsɔns/ /ˈɹɛnəˌsɑns/ /ˌɹɛnəˈsɑns/ /ˌɹɛnəˈsɒ̃(n)s/ pn
Odrodzenie Renesans odrodzenie renesans
(historical) The 14th-century revival of classical art, architecture, literature and learning that originated in Italy and spread throughout Europe over the following two centuries.
The period of this revival, typically lasting from the late 14th to the late 16th centuries; the transition from medieval to modern times.
odrodzenie renesans
(by extension) Any similar artistic or intellectual revival.

Renata /ɹəˈnɐːtɐ/ /ɹəˈnɑːtʌ/ pn
Renata
A en given name.

Reni pn
Reni

Republic of Albania pn
Republika Albanii
The official name of Albania.

Republic of Armenia pn
Republika Armenii
The official name of Armenia.

Republic of Austria pn
Republika Austrii
The official name of Austria.

Republic of Azerbaijan pn
Republika Azerbejdżanu
The official name of Azerbaijan (country in the Caucasus).

Republic of Belarus pn
Republika Białorusi
The official name of Belarus.

Republic of Bulgaria pn
Republika Bułgarii
The official name of Bulgaria.

Republic of China /ɹɪˈpʌblɪk əv ˈt͡ʃaɪnə/ pn
Republika Chińska Tajwan
TemplateParserError:LuaError; modern-day Taiwan (began in the early 20th century in mainland China).

Republic of Croatia pn
Republika Chorwacji
The official name of Croatia.

Republic of Cyprus pn
Republika Cypryjska
The official name of Cyprus.

Republic of Estonia pn
Republika Estońska
The official name of Estonia.

Republic of Finland pn
Republika Finlandii
The long form of Finland.

Republic of Ghana pn
Republika Ghany
Official name of Ghana.

Republic of Guinea-Bissau pn
Republika Gwinei Bissau
Official name of Guinea-Bissau

Republic of Hungary pn
Republika Węgierska
Former official name of Hungary.

Republic of Iceland pn
Republika Islandii
The conventional descriptive name of Iceland.

Republic of India pn
Republika Indii
The official name of India.

Republic of Indonesia pn
Republika Indonezji
Official name for Indonesia.

Republic of Iraq pn
Republika Iraku
(a country).

Republic of Ireland /ɹɪˈpʌblɪk əv ˈaɪə(ɹ)lənd/ pn
Republika Irlandii
TemplateParserError:LuaError, covering most of the island of Ireland, with Dublin as its capital.

Republic of Kazakhstan pn
Republika Kazachstanu
A sovereign state with its territory located in Eurasia.

Republic of Korea pn
Republika Korei
Official name of South Korea.

Republic of Latvia pn
Republika Łotewska
The official name of Latvia.

Republic of Letters pn
Republika listów Rzeczpospolita uczonych
(historical) The intellectual community in the late 17th and 18th centuries in Europe and the Americas, exchanging ideas by circulating handwritten letters.

Republic of Liberia pn
Republika Liberii

Republic of Lithuania pn
Republika Litewska
The official name of Lithuania.

Republic of Macedonia pn
Republika Macedonii
The former constitutional name of the Republic of North Macedonia

Republic of Malta pn
Republika Malty
The official name of Malta.

Republic of Moldova pn
Republika Mołdawii
The official name of Moldova.

Republic of Mozambique pn
Republika Mozambiku
(a country).

Republic of Namibia pn
Republika Namibii
Official name of Namibia.

Republic of North Macedonia pn
Republika Macedonii Północnej
Country situated north of Greece and west of Bulgaria on the Balkan Peninsula, formerly partially recognised as the Republic of Macedonia.

Republic of Poland pn
Rzeczpospolita Polska
The official name of Poland.

Republic of Serbia pn
Republika Serbii
The official name of Serbia.

Republic of Singapore pn
Republika Singapuru
Official name of Singapore.

Republic of Slovenia pn
Republika Słowenii
The official name of Slovenia.

Republic of South Africa pn
RPA Republika Południowej Afryki
(proscribed) The Transvaal statelet from 1852 to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland's annexation of it in 1902.

Republic of South Sudan pn
Republika Sudanu Południowego
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Republic of Tajikistan pn
Republika Tadżykistanu
The official name of Tajikistan.

Republic of Turkey pn
Republika Turcji
Former official name of the country of Turkey (now Republic of Türkiye).

Republic of Uzbekistan pn
Republika Uzbekistanu
The official name of Uzbekistan.

Republic of the Congo pn
Republika Konga
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Republic of the Philippines pn
Republika Filipin
Official name for Philippines.

Republican Republicans n
republikanin
(US politics) A member or supporter of the Republican Party, the more right-wing of the two main political parties in the United States.

Reshetylivka pn
Reszetyliwka

Resurrection pn
rezurekcja zmartwychwstanie
(Christianity) The resurrection of Jesus Christ.

Reticulum pn
Sieć
(constellation) A small constellation of the southern summer sky, said to resemble a reticle. It lies between the constellations of Horologium and Dorado.

Revelation pn
Apokalipsa
(biblical) The final book of the New Testament of the Bible.

Reverend /ˈɹɛvəɹənd/ /ˈɹɛvɹənd/ Reverends n
wielebny
A title indicating respect, prefixed to the names of Christian clergy.

Reykjavík /ˈɹeɪk.jə.vɪk/ /ˈɹɛk.jə.vɪk/ pn
Reykjavík
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Rhaeto-Romance /ˌɹiːtəʊɹə(ʊ)ˈmans/ pn
retoromański retycki
(linguistics) A group of related Romance languages spoken in north and north-eastern Italy and southeastern Switzerland, or any of these languages individually. [from 19th c.]

Rhea /ˈɹiː.ə/ pn
Rea Reja
(Greek god) A Titan, the daughter of Uranus and Gaia, the mother of Demeter, Hades, Hera, Hestia, Poseidon, and Zeus.
(astronomy) Saturn V, one of the moons of Saturn.

Rhesus factor Rhesus factors n
czynnik Rh
An antigen of the Rhesus system; understood unless otherwise specified to refer to Rhesus factor D (RhD), which appears on the surface of the red blood cells of most (85%) humans. An incompatibility between the Rh-blood types of a mother and her baby may cause serious disease for the baby.

Rhine /ɹaɪn/ pn
Ren
A river in western Europe, that flows through Switzerland, Austria, Liechtenstein, Germany, France and the Netherlands, before emptying into the North Sea.

Rhineland /ˈɹaɪnlænd/ pn
Nadrenia
(usually, with the definite article) TemplateParserError:LuaError. Roughly equivalent to the former Prussian Rhine Province, now the greater part of Rhineland-Palatinate plus the south-western half of North Rhine-Westphalia.

Rhineland-Palatinate pn
Nadrenia-Palatynat
One of the component states of Germany according to the current administrative division of the nation.

Rhode Island /ˌɹoʊd ˈaɪ.lənd/ /ˌɹəʊd ˈaɪ.lənd/ pn
Rhode Island
TemplateParserError:LuaError, formerly officially State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.

Rhodes /ɹoʊdz/ /ɹəʊdz/ Rhodeses pn
Rodos
A surname.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError (OS grid ref SD8505).
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError:
An electric piano which produces soft, harmonic-like sounds; a Rhodes piano.

Rhodopes pn
Rodopy
A mountain range in Southeastern Europe, with over 83% of its area in southern Bulgaria and the remainder in Greece.

Rhone pn
Rodan
A river in Switzerland and France that flows from the Alps to the Mediterranean Sea.

Rhuddanian pn
Rhuddan
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Silurian period.

Richard /ˈɹɪt͡ʃ.əd/ /ˈɹɪt͡ʃ.ɚd/ Richards pn
Ryszard
(rare, _, compared to given name) A surname originating as a patronymic.

Richard's pipit Richard's pipits n
świergotek szponiasty
Anthus richardi, a medium-sized passerine bird which breeds in open grasslands in the East Palearctic.

Richter scale pn
skala Richtera
(seismology) a logarithmic scale used to express the energy released by an earthquake, each increase of 1 representing a 32-fold increase in energy.

Riga /ˈɹiːɡə/ pn
Ryga
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Rigan adj
ryski
Of, from, or pertaining to, Riga

Rigan Rigans n
ryżanin ryżanka
Someone from Riga.

Rigel /ˈɹaɪd͡ʒəl/ pn
Rigel
(star) A blue supergiant star in the constellation Orion; Beta (β) Orionis. The seventh brightest star in the night sky.

Rijeka /ɹiˈjɛkə/ /ɹiːˈɛkə/ /ɹɪˈjɛkə/ pn
Rijeka
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Riksmål pn
riksmål
A conservative and unofficial variety of Bokmål that resists the attempted merger with Nynorsk, and is closer to Danish.

Rimini pn
Rimini
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Rio Grande /ˌɹaɪ.oʊ ˈɡɹænd/ /ˌɹiːoʊˈɡɹænd/ /ˌɹiːoʊˈɡɹændeɪ/ /ˌɹiːoʊˈɡɹɑːndeɪ/ pn
Rio Grande
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Rio de Janeiro /ˈɹiːəʊ de ʒəˈneəɹəʊ/ /ˈɹiːəʊ dɪ ʒəˈnɪəɹəʊ/ pn
Rio de Janeiro
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Rivne pn
Równe
TemplateParserError:LuaError, administrative centre of Rivne province.
Równe Obwód rówieński
Rivne province (oblast), in north-western Ukraine.

Riyadh /ɹiˈjɑːd/ pn
Rijad
(metonym) the government of Saudi Arabia

Roadian pn
road
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Permian period.

Robert /ˈɹɑb.ɚt/ /ˈɹɒb.ət/ pn
Robert
(rare, _, compared to given name) A French surname originating as a patronymic.

Roberta pn
Roberta
A en given name, feminine form of Robert.

Robin Hood /ˈɹɑbɪn hʊd/ /ˌɹɒbɪn ˈhʊd/ pn
Robin Hood
A legendary English outlaw famous for his skill in archery and his vow to defend the poor and the oppressed against established authority.

Roblox pn
Roblox
A massively multiplayer online game and creation system platform (introduced in 2004) in which users design and play video games.

Rocco pn
Roch
A en given name, of mostly American usage.

Rocky Mountains pn
Góry Skaliste
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Rodnovery pn
rodzimowierstwo rodzimowierstwo słowiańskie słowianowierstwo
Slavic neopaganism.

Rodynske pn
Rodynśke
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Roger /ˈɹɑ.d͡ʒɚ/ /ˈɹɒd͡ʒ.ə/ [ˈroː.dʒɐ] Rogers pn
Roger
(rare, _, compared to given name) A surname originating as a patronymic.

Rohatyn pn
Rohatyn

Rohingya /ɹoʊˈhɪn.d͡ʒə/ /ɹoʊˈhɪŋ.d͡ʒə/ /ɹoʊˈhɪŋ.jə/ /ɹoʊˈhɪŋ.ɡə/ /ɹəʊˈhɪn.d͡ʒə/ /ɹəʊˈhɪŋ.d͡ʒə/ /ɹəʊˈhɪŋ.jə/ /ɹəʊˈhɪŋ.ɡə/ /ˈɹəʊhɪŋ.d͡ʒə/ /ˈɹəʊhɪŋ.jə/ n
Rohingja
The people of Arakan, Myanmar, who speak this language.

Rohingya /ɹoʊˈhɪn.d͡ʒə/ /ɹoʊˈhɪŋ.d͡ʒə/ /ɹoʊˈhɪŋ.jə/ /ɹoʊˈhɪŋ.ɡə/ /ɹəʊˈhɪn.d͡ʒə/ /ɹəʊˈhɪŋ.d͡ʒə/ /ɹəʊˈhɪŋ.jə/ /ɹəʊˈhɪŋ.ɡə/ /ˈɹəʊhɪŋ.d͡ʒə/ /ˈɹəʊhɪŋ.jə/ pn
język rohingya
The Indo-European language spoken in Arakan, Myanmar, closely related to Chittagonian.

Rojava /roʒəˈvɑ/ /roʒˈɑvə/ /roˌʒɑˈvɑ/ pn
Rożawa
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Rokiškis pn
Rakiszki
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Roland pn
Roland
A en given name.

Rom /ɹoʊm/ /ɹəʊm/ Roma Roms n
Cygan Cyganka Rom Romka
A member of the Romani people.
(in particular) A male member of the Romani people who is married and considered respectable amongst the family.

Roma pn
Romowie
A variety of the Romani language (or occasionally) the Romani macrolanguage.

Romaine lettuce Romaine lettuces n
sałata rzymska
A long-leaved variety of lettuce, Lactuca sativa var. longifolia.

Roman /ˈɹoʊ.mən/ /ˈɹəʊ.mən/ more Roman most Roman adj
rzymski
Of or from Rome.
(historical) Of or from the Roman Empire.

Roman /ˈɹoʊ.mən/ /ˈɹəʊ.mən/ Romans n
rzymianin rzymianka
A native or resident of Rome.
Rzymianin Rzymianka
(historical) A native or resident of the Roman Empire.
łacinka
(uncountable) The Roman script.

Roman /ˈɹoʊ.mən/ /ˈɹəʊ.mən/ Romans pn
Roman
A en given name recently borrowed from continental Europe.

Roman Catholic adj
rzymskokatolicki
Of or pertaining to the Latin rite, Latin Church, or Roman Rite of the Catholic Church.

Roman Catholic Roman Catholics n
katoliczka katolik
A person who belongs to the (Roman) Catholic Church.

Roman Catholicism pn
katolicyzm zachodni rzymski katolicyzm
The beliefs or religion of the Roman Catholic Church.

Roman Empire /ˈɹoʊmən ˈɛmpaɪɚ/ /ˈɹəʊmən ˈɛmpaɪə/ pn
Cesarstwo Rzymskie Imperium Rzymskie
(historical) The empire which succeeded the Roman Republic and existed between 27 B.C.E. and 476 C.E. in the west (and until 1453 C.E. in the east; see Byzantine Empire), encompassing territories stretching from Britain and Germany to Spain, North Africa and the Persian Gulf. [from 15th c.]

Roman law n
rzymskie prawo
The legal system of Ancient Rome.

Roman numeral Roman numerals n
cyfra rzymska
A numeral represented using a Roman system involving the letters I, V, X, L, C, D, and M.

Roman road Roman roads n
droga rzymska
(historical) Any of many roads built in Europe, including Britain, by the Ancient Romans, many of which survive in various forms.

Romance adj
romański
Of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin: French, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Galician, Romanian, Catalan, Occitan, etc.

Romanesque /ˌɹoʊməˈnɛsk/ /ˌɹəʊməˈnɛsk/ more Romanesque most Romanesque adj
romański
Somewhat resembling the Roman; applied sometimes to the debased style of the later Roman Empire, but especially to the more developed art and architecture prevailing from the 8th century to the 12th.

Romani /ɹəˈmɑː.ni/ /ˈɹoʊ.mə.ni/ /ˈɹɑ.mə.ni/ /ˈɹɒ.mə.ni/ /ˈɹɒm.ni/ /ˈɹəʊ.mə.ni/ pn
język cygański język romski romani
The Indo-Aryan lect of the Roma people, or one of its sublects (such as Roma, Sinti, Romanichal, etc), closely related to Hindi and Rajasthani.

Romani studies n
romologia
(humanities) A field of study concerned with the culture, history and language of the Romani people.

Romania /ɹoʊˈmeɪ.ni.ə/ /ɹəʊˈmeɪ.ni.ə/ pn
Rumunia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Romanian /ɹoʊˈmeɪ.ni.ən/ /ɹoˈmɪ.ni.ən/ /ɹəʊˈmeɪ.ni.ən/ /ɹəˈmeɪ.ni.ən/ adj
rumuński
Of or relating to Romania, the Romanian people, or the Romanian language.

Romanian /ɹoʊˈmeɪ.ni.ən/ /ɹoˈmɪ.ni.ən/ /ɹəʊˈmeɪ.ni.ən/ /ɹəˈmeɪ.ni.ən/ Romanians n
Rumun Rumunka
(countable) A native of Romania.
rumuński
(uncountable) The official language of Romania and Moldova.

Romanianization n
rumunizacja

Romanization /ˌɹəʊmənaɪˈzeɪʃən/ Romanizations n
romanizacja latynizacja
(usually, uncountable) The act or process of putting text into the Latin (Roman) alphabet, by means such as transliteration and transcription.

Romanoff Romanoffs pn
Romanow
A dynasty that ruled the Russian Empire
An aristocratic house that formed a ruling dynasty of Russia

Romans /ˈɹoʊmənz/ /ˈɹəʊmənz/ pn
List do Rzymian
(biblical) The sixth book of the New Testament of the Bible, the epistle of St Paul to the Christians in Rome.
The 30th sura (chapter) of the Qur'an.

Romansch /ɹoʊˈmænʃ/ /ɹoʊˈmɑnʃ/ /ɹə(ʊ)ˈmanʃ/ pn
romansz
A Rhaeto-Romance language (or dialect continuum) spoken in the Graubünden/Grisons canton of Switzerland; it is one of the four official languages of Switzerland. [from 17th c.]

Romantic more Romantic most Romantic adj
romański
Of or pertaining to Romance.
romantyczny
Of or pertaining to Romanticism.

Romanticism pn
romantyzm
(arts, music) An artistic, literary, musical, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century, peaking from 1800 to 1850, characterized by its emphasis on emotion and individualism as well as glorification of all the past and nature, preferring the medieval rather than the classical.

Rome /ɹoʊm/ /ɹum/ /ɹəʊm/ pn
Rzym
The Holy See, the leadership of the Roman Catholic Church, particularly prior to the establishment of the Vatican City in the 19th century.

Rome wasn't built in a day proverb
nie od razu Kraków zbudowano nie od razu Rzym zbudowano
(idiomatic) It takes a long time to create something complicated or impressive.

Romeo /ˈɹoʊmioʊ/ Romeos n
casanova donżuan romeo żigolak
A man who has a reputation for being a great lover or very romantic.

Romeo /ˈɹoʊmioʊ/ pn
Romeo
(fiction) One of the main characters of Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare: the ardent lover of Juliet.

Romny pn
Romny
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Roquefort Roqueforts n
rokfor roquefort
A blue cheese made from sheep unpasteurized milk, produced in the south of France.

Rorschach test /ˈɹɔɹʃək tɛst/ /ˈɹɔɹˌʃæk tɛst/ /ˈɹɔːʃæk tɛst/ /ˈɹɔːʃɑːk tɛst/ Rorschach tests n
test Rorschacha test plam atramentowych
(psychology) A method of psychological evaluation that uses a person's interpretations of inkblots or similar images to discover information concerning his or her personality, emotional functioning, or unconscious mind.

Rosalie pn
Rozalia
A en given name.

Rosamund /ˈroʊzəmənd/ /ˈrɒzəmənd/ pn
Rozamunda
A en given name.

Rose pn
Róża
A en given name.

Roseau /ɹəʊˈzəʊ/ pn
Roseau
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Rosetta Stone pn
Kamień z Rosetty
A large inscribed stone found near Rosetta, Egypt, in 1799, later used as a basis for understanding many previously undecipherable examples of hieroglyphic writing.

Rosh Hashanah /ˌɹɑʃ (h)əˈʃɑnə/ /ˌɹɒʃ həˈʃɑːnə/ pn
Rosz ha-Szana Święto Trąbek
The Jewish holiday marking the start of the liturgical year, taking place on the first two days of Tishrei, 163 days after the first day of Passover.

Ross's gull Ross's gulls n
mewa różowa
Rhodostethia rosea, a small gull breeding in the high Arctic of northernmost North America, and northeast Siberia.

Rostov pn
Rostów
A surname from Russian.

Rostov-on-Don pn
Rostów nad Donem
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Rotterdammer Rotterdammers n
rotterdamczyk rotterdamka
A native or inhabitant of Rotterdam.

Rottweiler /ˈɹɒtvaɪlə(ɹ)/ /ˈɹɒtwaɪlə(ɹ)/ Rottweilers n
rottweiler
A very large muscular breed of dog of German origin with black fur and tanned markings.

Round Table pn
Okrągły Stół
(Arthurian legend) King Arthur's table in the Arthurian legend, around which he and his knights congregate, all having equal status since the table has no head.

Rovaniemi /ˈɹəʊvənɪəmɪ/ pn
Rovaniemi
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Rovenky pn
Roweńki
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Roxana pn
Roksana
A en given name.

Rozdilna pn
Rozdzielna
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Rozhyshche pn
Rożyszcze
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Rubicon /-k(ə)n/ /ˈɹubəˌkɑn/ /ˈɹuːbɪkɒn/ pn
Rubikon
The same river in the present day, identified with a river previously named Fiumicino.

Rubik's cube Rubik's cubes n
kostka Rubika
A mechanical puzzle in the shape of a cube, all sides able to be rotated, each side divided into 9 squares, the moving pieces allowing the cube to be rearranged. The goal is to get the colored squares aligned so that each side of the cube is the same color.

Rubizhne pn
Rubiżne
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Rudky pn
Rudki
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Rudolph /ˈɹuːdɒ(l)f/ pn
Rudolf
A en given name.

Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeers pn
Rudolf Czerwononosy
A legendary reindeer with a nose that glows red, the subject of a comic Christmas song; often added among Santa Claus's reindeer as the leading one.

Ruhr Area pn
Zagłębie Ruhry
TemplateParserError:LuaError; the largest urban agglomeration in Germany.

Rumpelstiltskin pn
Hałasik
A fairy tale about a dwarf who saves the miller’s daughter by spinning straw into gold in exchange for her first-born child, but is foiled when she guesses his name.
Titelitury Hałasik Rumpelsztyk Rupiec-Kopeć
The fictional dwarf who is the title character of that story.

Rupelian pn
Rupel
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Oligocene epoch.

Rus /ɹuːs/ /ɹʌs/ Rus pn
Ruś
A people made up of Scandinavian warrior merchants who travelled Eastern European river-roads from the eighth century, and whose settlements around Novgorod, Kiev and the Volga and Dnieper gave rise to the Rus' principalities. [from 19th c.]
Kievan Rus', the medieval East Slavic state established by these same warrior merchants in the 9th century, whose capital was in Kiev.
Any of the medieval East Slavic principalities ruled by this class, especially Kievan Rus.

Ruscism /ˈɹʌʃɪzm/ pn
raszyzm
(politics, neologism, slang, derogatory) Russian fascism, Russianism, Great Russian chauvinism; the ideology of Russia, seen as fascism or as fascist.

Rusian adj
ruski staroruski
related to the Rus (people)
ruski
from or related to the medieval state of Kievan Rus

Ruslana pn
Rusłana
A en given name

Russia /ˈɹʌʃə/ Russias pn
Rosja Moskwa
(dated, countable) Any of several East Slavic states descended from Kievan Rus, typically including Russia (Great Russia), Belarus (White Russia) and Ukraine (Little Russia).

Russia leather Russia leathers n
jucht
A form of bark-tanned cow leather, made hard-wearing, flexible, and waterproof with the use of birch oil.

Russian /ˈɹʌʃ(ə)n/ adj
rosyjski ruski staroruski
Of or pertaining to Russia.
Of or pertaining to the Russian language.
ruski staroruski
(dated) Of or pertaining to Rus.

Russian /ˈɹʌʃ(ə)n/ Russians n
Rosjanin Rosjanka
(countable) An ethnic Russian: a member of the East Slavic ethnic group which is native to, and constitutes the majority of the population of, Russia.
Rosjanin Rosjanka Moskal Moskwicin Rusek Ruski
(countable, obsolete) A person from the Soviet Union
język rosyjski ruski rosyjski ruszczyzna
(uncountable) The Russian language.

Russian Blue Russian Blues n
kot rosyjski niebieski
(zoology) A domestic cat of a breed with dense silver to grey fur.

Russian Empire pn
Cesarstwo Rosyjskie Imperium Rosyjskie
(historical) The Russian state from 1721 to 1917.

Russian Federation pn
Federacja Rosyjska
Alternative formal name of Russia.

Russian Orthodox Church pn
Rosyjski Kościół Prawosławny
One of the autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Christian churches.

Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic /ˈɹɐʃən ˈsɐʉviːət fedəɹətɪv ˈsɐʉʃəɫɪst ɹəˈpɐbɫɪk/ /ˈɹʌʃən ˈsoʊvjət ˈfɛdɚˌɹeɪtɪv ˈsəʊʃəlɪst ɹəˈpʌblɪk/ /ˈɹʌʃən ˈsɒvi.ət ˈfɛd(ə)ɹətɪv ˈsəʊʃəlɪst ɹɪˈpʌblɪk/ pn
Rosyjska Federacyjna Socjalistyczna Republika Radziecka
The official name for modern-day Russia under the Communist Party from 1936 to 1991 (from 1918 to 1937, according to the Constitution of the RSFSR, called the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic). Part of the USSR from 1922 to 1991.

Russian doll Russian dolls n
matrioszka
One of a set of hollow nesting dolls, usually wooden and decorated.

Russian roulette pn
rosyjska ruletka
(idiomatic, games) A deadly game in which a person loads a single bullet in the cylinder of a revolver, spins the cylinder so that the bullet's location is unknown, points the muzzle at his/her head, and pulls the trigger. In its most lethal form, played by multiple participants each of whom takes a turn until the weapon discharges.

Russian studies n
rusycystyka
(humanities) An academic discipline that includes the study of literatures written in the Russian language, Russian linguistics, and Russian sociolinguistics.

Russian world pn
russkij mir świat rosyjski
(politics) The Russian neo-imperial geopolitical and ideological doctrine of the era of Putinism

Russianism Russianisms n
rusycyzm
(countable) A word or other feature originating in the Russian language that has been borrowed by another language.

Russianness n
rosyjskość ruszczyzna
The quality or characteristic of being Russian.

Russification n
rusyfikacja
The process of making anything Russian.

Russify /ˈɹuːsɪˌfaɪ̯/ /ˈɹʌsɪˌfaɪ̯/ v
rusyfikować zrusyfikować
(ambitransitive) To render or become more Russian.

Russki /ˈɹus.ki/ /ˈɹʌs.ki/ Russkies Russkis n
kacap Moskal Rusek Ruski Ruska kacapka
(usually, derogatory, colloquial, ethnic slur) Russian.

Russo- /ˈɹuːsoʊ/ /ˈɹʌsoʊ/ prefix
rosyjsko-
relating to Russia or Russian

Russophobe /ˈɹuːsəfoʊ̯b/ /ˈɹʌsə(ʊ̯)fəʊ̯b/ /ˈɹʌsəfoʊ̯b/ Russophobes n
rusofob
Someone who despises Russians, the country of Russia, or Russian influence.

Russophobia n
rusofobia
The contempt or disgust towards Russians or Russia, especially the political system, or the customs of the former Soviet Union.

Russophone more Russophone most Russophone adj
rosyjskojęzyczny
Russian-speaking.

Rusyn /ˈruːsɪn/ more Rusyn most Rusyn adj
rusiński
Of or pertaining to the Rusyn people, culture, or language.

Rusyn /ˈruːsɪn/ Rusyns n
Rusin Rusnak Ruśniak
A member of a people living in the eastern Carpathian Mountains, in part of western Ukraine, south-eastern Poland and north-eastern Slovakia.

Ruth /ɹuːθ/ pn
Księga Rut Rut
A book of the Old Testament and the Hebrew Tanakh.
Rut Księga Rut
A en given name.

Ruthenia /ɹuːˈθiː.ni.ə/ pn
Ruś
The territory between Central and Eastern Europe inhabited by Rusyns, on the slopes of the Carpathian Mountains in parts of Ukraine, Poland and Slovakia.
(historical) Lands inhabited by Ukrainians (Ruthenians) of the former Austrian Empire kingdom of Galicia (1772–1918), corresponding to parts of Western Ukraine.

Ruthenian Ruthenians n
Rusak Rusin Rusnak Ruśniak
A native or inhabitant of Ruthenia; a Ukrainian, a Belarusian, usually in a historical context.

Ruy Lopez pn
partia hiszpańska
(chess) A common chess opening, an Open Game characterized by the moves 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5, in which White moves king's bishop to the fifth rank.

Rwanda /ɹuˈændə/ /ɹuˈɑndə/ /ɹəˈwændə/ /ɹəˈwɑndə/ /ɹəˈwɒndə/ pn
Rwanda Ruanda
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
The standardized dialect of the Bantu language Rwanda-Rundi spoken in Rwanda.
The genocide that occurred in Rwanda in 1994.

Ryazan pn
Riazań
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError, 196 kilometres south of Moscow.

Rzeczpospolita /ʒɛt͡ʃˌpɒspəˈlaɪtə/ /ʒɛt͡ʃˌpɒsˈpɒlɪtə/ pn
Rzeczpospolita
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795)

Rzeszów /ˈʒɛʃuːf/ pn
Rzeszów
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Rzhev Meat Grinder pn
bitwy rżewskie
(historical, World War II, slang) The Battles of Rzhev.

Rzhyshchiv pn
Rzyszczów
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Râmnicu Sărat pn
Rymnik

Réunion /ɹeɪ.uːniˈɒn/ /ɹiːˈjuːnjən/ pn
Reunion
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Rügen pn
Rugia
Germany's largest island, located in the Baltic Sea off the coast of extreme western Pomerania.

Rüppell's fox n
lis piaskowy
A fox species (Vulpes rueppellii) living in desert and semi-desert regions of North Africa, the Middle East, and southwestern Asia.

Rüppell's warbler Rüppell's warblers n
pokrzewka czarnogardła
Sylvia ruppeli, an Old World warbler.

Rădăuți pn
Radowce

Rēzekne pn
Rzeżyca
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

S-train S-trains n
szybka kolej miejska
(chiefly in German-speaking countries and Copenhagen, Denmark) A commuter rail/metro system (generally overground) serving a metropolitan area; a train in such a system.

SIM card SIM cards n
karta SIM
A small, removable card smaller than a credit card which stores mobile phone data such as contact names and numbers, SMSs and security information.

SKU /skjuː/ /skuː/ /ˌɛsˌkeɪˈjuː/ SKUs n
SKU jednostka magazynowa
(business) Initialism of stock-keeping unit.

SME SMEs n
MŚP
(business) Initialism of small and medium-sized enterprise or small- to medium-sized enterprise.

SMS /ˌɛs ɛm ˈɛs/ SMSes n
SMS esemes
(telecommunications) Initialism of Short Message Service. A service to send text messages on a cell phone.

SMS /ˌɛs ɛm ˈɛs/ v
esemesować
To send a message on a cell phone.

SNAFU /snæfˈuː/ /ˈsnɑːfuː/ SNAFUs n
bajer bałagan burdel rozpierducha sajgon
A ridiculously chaotic situation.
obsuwa potknięcie wpadka
A major glitch or breakdown.

SSR SSRs n
SRR
(historical) Initialism of Soviet Socialist Republic.

SW SWs n
PZ
Initialism of southwest.
Initialism of search warrant.
Initialism of sex work.
Initialism of social work.
(electronics) Initialism of short wave.
Initialism of street workout.

SWIFT /swɪft/ pn
SWIFT
(banking) Acronym of Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication.

Saar /sɑː/ /zɑː/ pn
Saara
Saarland, a state of Germany.

Saarland pn
Saara
One of the component states of Germany according to the current administrative division of the nation.

Sabbath /ˈsæbəθ/ Sabbaths n
szabat szabas
Friday-Saturday, observed in Judaism and some Christian denominations as a day of rest and worship.
niedziela
Sunday, observed in most of Christianity as a day of rest and worship.
sabat
A meeting of witches. (Also called a witches' Sabbath, Shabbat, sabbat, or black Sabbath.)

Sabina pn
Sabina
A en given name.

Sabra pn
sabra
A en given name

Sachertorte / ˈzɑkɚˌtɔɹt/ /ˈsɑkɚˌtɔɹt/ /ˈzaxəˌtɔːtə/ Sachertorten Sachertortes n
tort Sachera
A torte made of butter, eggs, confectioner's sugar, toasted breadcrumbs, spices, and chocolate, which is baked in layers, put together with apricot jam and finally frosted with chocolate.

Sadie Hawkins dance Sadie Hawkins dances n
białe tango

Safi pn
Safi
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Sagitta /səˈd͡ʒɪt.ə/ /səˈɡɪt.ə/ pn
Strzała
(constellation) A small autumn constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble an arrow. It lies between the constellations of Vulpecula and Aquila.

Sagittarius /ˌsadʒɪˈtɛːrɪəs/ /ˌsædʒəˈtɛriəs/ pn
Strzelec
(zodiac constellations) A constellation of the zodiac supposedly shaped like a centaur who is an archer. It contains the stars Kaus Australis and Nunki.
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the archer, ruled by Jupiter and covering November 23 - December 21 (tropical astrology) or December 16 - January 14 (sidereal astrology).

Sahara /səˈhɑɹə/ /səˈhɑːɹə/ /səˈhɛɹə/ pn
Sahara
TemplateParserError:LuaError, the largest hot desert in the world.

Saharan more Saharan most Saharan adj
saharyjski
of or pertaining to the Sahara desert

Sahelian more Sahelian most Sahelian adj
sahelski
Of or pertaining to the Sahel.

Sahelian Sahelians n
mieszkaniec Sahelu mieszkanka Sahelu
A native or inhabitant of the Sahel.

Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic pn
Saharyjska Arabska Republika Demokratyczna
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Saigon /ˈsaɪɡɒn/ pn
Sajgon
(historical) Ho Chi Minh City, the biggest city in Vietnam, which was the capital of the former South Vietnam.

Saigonese adj
sajgoński
(history) Related to Saigon

Saigonese Saigonese n
sajgonka sajgończyk
(history) A person from Saigon

Saint /seɪnt/ /sənt/ Saints n
Święta Święty
A title given to a saint, often prefixed to the person's name.

Saint Andrew's Day pn
Andrzejki

Saint Andrew's cross Saint Andrew's crosses n
krzyż świętego Andrzeja
A diagonal cross, the figure of a cross that has a form of two intersecting oblique bars.

Saint Barbara pn
Święta Barbara
The patron of armourers, military engineers, gunsmiths, miners and anyone else who worked with cannon and explosives.

Saint Bernard /ˈseɪnt bəɹˈnɑɹd/ /ˈsənt ˈbəɹnəd/ Saint Bernards n
bernardyn
One of a breed of large dog, famous for rescuing people on mountains.

Saint George /ˈseɪnt ˈdʒɔː(ɹ)dʒ/ pn
Święty Jerzy
(Christianity) Patron saint of England and several other places; legendary killer of a dragon.

Saint Helena /seɪnt həˈliːnə/ pn
Święta Helena
TemplateParserError:LuaError. Formerly named Saint Helena and Dependencies.

Saint Kitts and Nevis /seɪnt ˌkɪts ən ˈniː.vɪs/ pn
Saint Kitts i Nevis Saint Christopher i Nevis
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Saint Lawrence River pn
Rzeka Świętego Wawrzyńca
TemplateParserError:LuaError, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean

Saint Lucia /seɪnt ˈluː.ʃə/ pn
Saint Lucia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Saint Martin /ˌseɪnt ˈmɑɹ.tən/ /ˌseɪnt ˈmɑɹ.tɪn/ /ˌseɪnt ˈmɑː.tɪn/ pn
Saint-Martin
An island in the northeast of the Caribbean Sea, whose northern portion is part of France and whose southern portion is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

Saint Mary /ˈseɪnt ˈmɛə.ɹi/ pn
Święta Maria
(Christianity) Synonym of Mary, mother of Jesus.

Saint Michael pn
Święty Michał
Ellipsis of Town of Saint Michael.; TemplateParserError LuaError

Saint Nicholas pn
Święty Mikołaj
(Christianity) A 4th-century Greek bishop from Myra, Anatolia, patron saint of children, mariners and the unwed among others, functioning in multiple countries as a gift-giving figure around his feast day of December 6.

Saint Petersburg /sənt ˈpiːtə(r)zˌbɜː(r)ɡ/ pn
Petersburg Sankt Petersburg
TemplateParserError:LuaError, known between 1914 and 1924 as Petrograd and between 1924 and 1991 as Leningrad, and former capital of Russia (1713–1728, 1732–1918).

Saint Pierre and Miquelon pn
Saint-Pierre i Miquelon
An overseas territory of France off the eastern coast of Canada.

Saint Valentine's Day /ˌseɪntˈvælənˌtaɪnzˌdeɪ/ /ˌsəntˈvælənˌtaɪnzˌdeɪ/ pn
walentynki
A holiday in remembrance of Saint Valentine, February 14th, celebrated by sending cards or similar tokens of love.

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines /seɪnt ˈvɪnt.sənt ən ðə ˈɡɹɛn.əˌdiːnz/ pn
Saint Vincent i Grenadyny
TemplateParserError:LuaError, comprising the islands of Saint Vincent and the island chain of the Grenadines.

Saint-Denis pn
Saint-Denis
The administrative capital of Réunion, the overseas territory of France.

Saiph pn
Saif
(star) A blue star in the constellation Orion; Kappa (κ) Orionis.

Sakar pn
Sakar
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Sakhalin /ˌsækəˈliːn/ /ˌsæx-/ pn
Sachalin
TemplateParserError:LuaError, located on the island.

Sakmarian pn
sakmar
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Permian period.

Saky pn
Saki

Saladin /ˈsælədɪn/ pn
Saladyn
(history) First sultan of Egypt and Syria and the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty, who led the Muslim opposition to the European Crusaders in the Levant.

Salafism n
salafizm
(Islam) A movement comparing itself to Sunni Islam, claiming to taking the pious ancestors, the salaf of the patristic period of early Islam, as exemplary models.

Salekhard pn
Salechard
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Salihorsk pn
Soligorsk

Salvadoran adj
salwadorski
Of, from, or pertaining to El Salvador or the Salvadorian people.

Salvation Army pn
Armia Zbawienia
A Protestant Christian church and an international charitable organisation structured in a quasi-military fashion, originally founded to help the poor of London.

Salé pn
Sala
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Samantha /səˈmænθə/ [səˈmɛənθə] pn
Samanta
A en given name.

Samara pn
Samara
TemplateParserError:LuaError, the sixth-largest in the country by population.
TemplateParserError:LuaError, which meets the Volga at the city of the same name.

Samaria /səˈmæː.ɹɪ.ə/ /səˈmɛə.ɹɪ.ə/ /səˈmɛɚ.i.ə/ pn
Samaria
(historical) , TemplateParserError:LuaError, TemplateParserError:LuaError.
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Samaritan /səˈmæɹɪtən/ /səˈmɛɹɪtən/ adj
samarytański
Of, or relating to Samaria or Samaritans.

Samaritan /səˈmæɹɪtən/ /səˈmɛɹɪtən/ Samaritans n
Samarytanin Samarytanka
A native, or inhabitant of Samaria; especially one practising certain ethnoreligious traditions indigenous to that region.

Samarkand /ˈsæmə(ɹ)kænd/ pn
Samarkanda
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Sambir pn
Sambor
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Sami /ˈsæmi/ /ˈsɑːmi/ Sami Samis n
Laponka Lapończyk
A member of an indigenous Finno-Ugric people of Lapland.

Sami /ˈsæmi/ /ˈsɑːmi/ Samis pn
język lapoński
(countable) Any of the languages of the Sami people.

Samland pn
Sambia
A peninsula, situated in what was historically East Prussia and is now the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia, which juts out into the Baltic, and from which the Vistula Spit (enclosing the Vistula Lagoon) and Curonian Spit (enclosing the Curonian Lagoon) extend.

Sammarinese adj
sanmaryński
Of, or pertaining to, San Marino or its culture or people

Sammarinese Sammarinese n
Sanmarynka Sanmaryńczyk sanmarynka sanmaryńczyk
Someone from San Marino or of Sammarinese descent

Samoa /saː.mo.a/ /səˈmoʊ.ə/ /səˈmoʊə/ /səˈməʊ.ə/ /ˈsaːˌmaʉ̯.ə/ pn
Samoa
TemplateParserError:LuaError. Formerly Western Samoa, and, before that, German Samoa. It is distinct from American Samoa.

Samogitia /ˌsa.mə(ʊ)ˈɡiː.ʃə/ /ˌsæ.moʊˈɡi.ʃə/ /ˌsæ.məˈɡi.ʃə/ pn
Żmudź
An ethnographic region of Lithuania, located in the north-west of the country.

Samogitian /ˌsa.mə(ʊ)ˈɡiː.ʃən/ /ˌsæ.moʊˈɡi.ʃən/ /ˌsæ.məˈɡi.ʃən/ adj
żmudzki
Of, from, or pertaining to the region of Samogitia, or its people.

Samogitian /ˌsa.mə(ʊ)ˈɡiː.ʃən/ /ˌsæ.moʊˈɡi.ʃən/ /ˌsæ.məˈɡi.ʃən/ Samogitians n
Żmudzin Żmudzinka
A person from Samogitia or someone descended from such people.

Samogitian /ˌsa.mə(ʊ)ˈɡiː.ʃən/ /ˌsæ.moʊˈɡi.ʃən/ /ˌsæ.məˈɡi.ʃən/ pn
żmudzki
A Baltic language spoken in Samogitia.

Samos /ˈseɪ.mɒs/ pn
Samos
An island belonging to the Sporades and a city on it, in the Aegean.
A modern Greek prefecture in the eastern part of the Aegean that includes the island along with the islands of Icaria and Fourni.

Samosata /səˈmɒsətə/ pn
Samosata
(historical) , TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Samothrace pn
Samotraka
TemplateParserError:LuaError, in the Aegean Sea.

Samoyedic /ˈsamɔɪ̯ˌ(j)ɛdɪk/ /ˈsamə(ʊ)ˌjɛdɪk/ /ˈsæmoʊˌjɛdɪk/ /ˈsæmɔɪ̯ˌ(j)ɛdɪk/ /ˈsæməˌjɛdɪk/ adj
samodyjski samojedzki
Of or pertaining to these languages.

Samsung /ˈsæm.sʊŋ/ /ˈsæm.sʌŋ/ Samsungs pn
Samsung
A South Korean conglomerate company which makes electronics and ships.

Samuel /ˈsæmjuəl/ pn
Samuel Księga Samuela
A en given name.
One of two books of the Old Testament and the Hebrew Tanakh.
The primary author and central character of the first book of Samuel.
A surname.

San pn
San
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

San Francisco /ˌsæn fɹænˈsɪskoʊ/ /ˌsæn fɹənˈsɪskoʊ/ pn
San Francisco
A major coastal city in California of over 800,000 widely known for its unique culture, architecture, and LGBT population; formerly Yerba Buena (pre-1847).

San Marino /ˌsæn məˈɹi.noʊ/ /ˌsæn məˈɹiː.nəʊ/ pn
San Marino
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

San Salvador /sæn ˈsælvədɔɹ/ pn
San Salvador
(historical) Short for San Salvador Island, TemplateParserError:LuaError discovered on Christopher Columbus's first voyage.
Short for San Salvador Island, TemplateParserError:LuaError.
(historical) Short for San Salvador Island, TemplateParserError:LuaError.

San Sebastián /ˌsæn ˌsɛbəsˈtjɑːn/ pn
San Sebastian San Sebastián
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Sanaa /sɑˈnɑː/ /səˈnɑː/ pn
Sana
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Sandbian pn
Sandb
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Ordovician period.

Sango pn
sango
The primary language spoken in the Central African Republic: it has 5 million second-language speakers, but only 400,000 native speakers, mainly in the towns.

Sanhedrin /sænhid͡ʒɹɪn/ Sanhedrins n
Sanhedryn
(historical) The assembly of seventy-one judges sitting in Jerusalem.

Sanskrit /ˈsænskɹɪt/ n
sanskryt Sanskryt
A classical Indo-European language of South Asia, which is the liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism. [from 1610s]

Sanssouci pn
Sanssouci

Santa Claus /ˈsæn.təˌklɑz/ /ˈsæn.təˌklɔz/ /ˈsæn.təˌklɔːz/ /ˈsæːn.təˌkloːz/ Santa Clauses pn
Święty Mikołaj
(folklore) A figure said to bring presents to people (especially children) at Christmas time.

Santo Domingo pn
Santo Domingo
(historical) The Spanish-colonized portion of the island of Hispaniola, which later became the Dominican Republic, especially as contrasted with Saint-Domingue, the French-controlled portion.

Santonian pn
Santon
(geology, paleontology) A stage or age, a subdivision of the Late (Upper) Cretaceous epoch.

Santorini /ˌsantɒˈɹiːnɪ/ /ˌsantəˈɹiːnɪ/ /ˌsæntəˈɹini/ pn
Santoryn
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Sappho /ˈsæfoʊ/ /ˈsæfəʊ/ pn
Safona
An Ancient Greek female name, particularly borne by a poetess from Lesbos who lived between 630 and 570 BC (exact dates unknown).

Saracen /ˈsæɹəˌsən/ Saracens n
Saracen
A member of a nomadic people from the Sinai near the Roman province of Arabia in the early centuries CE, who were specifically distinct from Arabs.
(dated) A Muslim, especially one involved in the Crusades.

Sarah /ˈse(ɪ).ɹə/ /ˈsæ.ɹə/ /ˈsɑɹ.ə/ /ˈsɛə.ɹə/ /ˈsɛɚ.ə/ /ˈsɛɹ.ə/ /ˈsɛː.ɹə/ Sarahs pn
Sara Saraj
The wife of Abraham and mother of Isaac in the Bible.
Sara
A en given name.

Sarai pn
Saraj
A en given name, most famously borne by Sarah, the wife of Abram and mother of Isaac in the Bible, prior to her name change.

Sarajevan adj
sarajewski
Of, from, or pertaining to, Sarajevo

Sarajevan Sarajevans n
sarajewianin sarajewianka
Someone from Sarajevo.

Sarajevo /ˌsɑɹəˈjeɪvəʊ/ pn
Sarajewo
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Saransk pn
Sarańsk
The capital city of Mordovia, Russia

Saratov pn
Saratów
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Sardinia /sɑɹˈdɪniə/ /sɑːˈdɪnɪə/ pn
Sardynia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Sardinian adj
sardyński
Of or relating to Sardinia or its people or culture.

Sardinian Sardinians n
Sardynka Sardyńczyk
A person from Sardinia.

Sardinian pn
język sardyński sardyński
A Romance language spoken in the Italian region of Sardinia.

Sardinian warbler Sardinian warblers n
pokrzewka aksamitna
Sylvia melanocephala, an Old World warbler.

Sarmatian /sɑː(ɹ)ˈmeɪʃi.ə/ /sɑː(ɹ)ˈmeɪʃə/ more Sarmatian most Sarmatian adj
sarmacki
Of or relating to Sarmatia.

Sarmatism /ˈsɑɹmətɪzəm/ /ˈsɑːmətɪzəm/ n
sarmatyzm
(historical) The belief that the people of the Polish Commonwealth descended from the ancient Sarmatians, the legendary invaders of Slavic lands in antiquity.

Sarny pn
Sarny
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Satan /ˈseɪ.tn̩/ /ˈseɪ.tən/ [ˈseɪ.ʔn̩] pn
Szatan
(religion) The supreme evil spirit in the Abrahamic religions, who tempts humanity and rules Hell; the Devil; (in, _, Theistic Satanism) the same figure, regarded as a deity to be revered and worshipped.

Satanism /ˈseɪtənɪzm/ Satanisms n
satanizm
Worship or reverence to Satan (usually synonymous with "the Devil").
A profession, philosophy, or ideological construct featuring a positive, admirable, or useful association to the figure, character or entity known as 'Satan'; or, featuring opposition to all morality and the procurement of what is wanted regardless of the consequences concerning others.

Satanist Satanists n
satanista satanistka
One who identifies with Anton Szandor LaVey's philosophical teachings and the religion, Satanism, founded upon it.
One who worships Satan.

Saturday /ˈsætədeɪ/ /ˈsætədi/ /ˈsætədæɪ/ /ˈsætəɹdeɪ/ /ˈsætəɹdi/ [ˈsæɾɚdeɪ̯] [ˈsæɾɚdi] adv
sobota
(US, Canada) On Saturday.

Saturday /ˈsætədeɪ/ /ˈsætədi/ /ˈsætədæɪ/ /ˈsætəɹdeɪ/ /ˈsætəɹdi/ [ˈsæɾɚdeɪ̯] [ˈsæɾɚdi] Saturdays n
sobota
The seventh day of the week in many religious traditions, and the sixth day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 norm; observed as the Sabbath/Shabbat in Judaism (Friday sunset to Saturday sunset); it follows Friday and precedes Sunday.

Saturn /ˈsæt.ən/ /ˈsæt.ɚn/ pn
Saturn
(astronomy) The sixth planet of the solar system, known for its large rings, and until recent times the furthest known; represented in astronomy and astrology by ♄.
(Roman god) The god of fertility and agriculture, equivalent to the Greek Kronos.

Saturnian /sæ.tɜː(ɹ)n.jən/ Saturnians n
Saturnianin Saturnianka
(science fiction) An inhabitant of the planet Saturn.

Saudi /ˈsaʊdi/ /ˈsɔːdi/ more Saudi most Saudi adj
saudyjski
From, or pertaining to Saudi Arabia, the Saudi Arabian people or language.

Saudi /ˈsaʊdi/ /ˈsɔːdi/ Saudis n
Saudyjczyk Saudyjka
A person from Saudi Arabia or of Saudi Arabian descent.

Saudi Arabia /ˌsaʊ.di əˈɹeɪ.bi.ə/ /ˌsɔː.di əˈɹeɪ.bi.ə/ pn
Arabia Saudyjska
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Saul /sɑl/ /sɔːl/ pn
Saul
(Christianity, Judaism) The first king of Israel in the Old Testament.
A en given name.
Szaweł
(Christianity) The Hebrew name of Apostle Paul in the New Testament.

Sava pn
Sawa
TemplateParserError:LuaError, a right side tributary of the Danube at Belgrade.

Save pn
Sabi
TemplateParserError:LuaError that flows about 400 km (250 mi) from south of Harare in Zimbabwe, through Mozambique, to the Indian Ocean.

Savi's warbler Savi's warblers n
brzęczka
Locustella luscinioides, an Old World warbler, found in parts of Europe, Western Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa.

Savior pn
Odkupiciel Zbawiciel
(Christianity) Jesus Christ

Savoy cabbage Savoy cabbages n
kapusta warzywna włoska kapusta włoska
Brassica oleracea var. sabauda, a hardy cabbage with dense, crinkled leaves

Saxon /ˈsæksən/ more Saxon most Saxon adj
saksoński saski
Of, relating to, or characteristic of the Saxon language.

Saxon /ˈsæksən/ Saxons n
Sas
A member of an ancient West Germanic tribe that lived at the eastern North Sea coast and south of it.
Saksonka Saksończyk Sas
A native or inhabitant of Saxony.

Saxony /ˈsæksəni/ pn
Saksonia
A historic realm and modern state of Germany.

Saxony-Anhalt pn
Saksonia-Anhalt
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Scandinavia /skændɪˈneɪvi.ə/ pn
Skandynawia
Denmark, Norway, and Sweden collectively and sometimes Finland, Iceland, and the Faroe Islands.

Scandinavian /ˌskændɪˈneɪvi.ən/ more Scandinavian most Scandinavian adj
skandynawski
(Of a language) Of or relating to the North Germanic family of languages to which Swedish, Norwegian (Bokmål, Nynorsk), Danish, Icelandic, and Faeroese belong.

Scandinavian Peninsula pn
Skandynawia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Scania /ˈskæni.ə/ pn
Skania
A historical region, currently part of Sweden, occupying the southernmost tip of the Scandinavian Peninsula.

Schaffhausen pn
Szafuza
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Scheherazade /ʃəˈhɛɹəzɑd/ /ʃəˌhɛɹəˈzɑːd(ə)/ pn
Szeherezada
A en given name.
A fictional character, the wife and storyteller of the king Shahryar in One Thousand and One Nights.

Scheldt /skɛlt/ /ʃɛlt/ pn
Skalda
A river flowing through France, Belgium and the Netherlands.

Schlemm's canal Schlemm's canals n
kanał Schlemma
(anatomy) a circular channel in the eye that collects aqueous humour from the anterior chamber and delivers it into the bloodstream; if it is blocked, a glaucoma results

Schleswig-Holstein pn
Szlezwik-Holsztyn
TemplateParserError:LuaError according to the current administrative division of the nation.

Schnoodle /ˈʃnuːdl̩/ Schnoodles n
pudlosznaucer sznauceropudel
A dog that is a hybrid between a poodle and a schnauzer.

Schopenhauerian /ˌʃoʊpənhaʊˈɪɹi.ən/ /ˌʃəʊpənhaʊˈɪəɹɪən/ more Schopenhauerian most Schopenhauerian adj
schopenhauerowski
Of or relating to Arthur Schopenhauer (1788–1860), German philosopher known for his pessimism and clarity.

Schrödinger's cat pn
kot Schrödingera
The thought experiment which was devised by Erwin Schrödinger, is usually considered a paradox, involves a Schrödinger's cat and is typically supposed to be analysed from the point of view of quantum mechanics.

Schwartz pn
Swartz Szwarc
A surname from German.

Scientology pn
scjentologia
A belief system with certain religious aspects, developed in 1952, focused on the teachings of L. Ron Hubbard.

Scooby snack /ˈskuːbi ˌsnak/ Scooby snacks n
Scooby Chrupki
(slang) A treat, usually a snack, especially if given as a reward.

Scooby-Doo Scooby-Doos pn
Scooby Doo
The cartoon dog from that cartoon, noted for his trouble-causing lack of sense and almost understandable vocalization.

Scorpio /ˈskɔːpɪəʊ/ /ˈskɔːɹpɪoʊ/ pn
Skorpion
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the scorpion, ruled by Mars and covering October 23 - November 22 (tropical astrology) or November 16 - December 15 (sidereal astrology).

Scorpius /ˈskɔːpɪəs/ /ˈskɔːɹpɪəs/ pn
Skorpion
(constellation) A constellation of the zodiac, roughly shaped like a scorpion. Its brightest star is the red giant Antares.

Scot /ˈskɑt/ /ˈskɒt/ /ˈskɔʔ/ Scots n
Szkot Szkotka
A person born in or native to Scotland.

Scotch /skɑt͡ʃ/ /skɒt͡ʃ/ Scotches n
szkocka
(uncountable) Whisky distilled in Scotland, especially from malted barley.

Scotch /skɑt͡ʃ/ /skɒt͡ʃ/ pn
Szkoci
(dated) The people of Scotland.

Scotch mist Scotch mists n
przytulia leśna
The perennial flowering plant Galium sylvaticum.

Scotland /ˈskɑt.lənd/ /ˈskɒt.lənd/ /ˈskɔʔ.lənd/ pn
Szkocja
A habitational surname referring to someone from Scotland.

Scotsman /ˈskɑts.mən/ Scotsmen n
Szkot
A man from Scotland; a Scot.

Scotswoman Scotswomen n
Szkotka
A woman from Scotland.

Scottish /ˈskɑ.ɾɪʃ/ /ˈskɒt.ɪʃ/ /ˈskɔt.ɪʃ/ [ˈskɔɾ.ɪʃ] more Scottish most Scottish adj
szkocki
Of a thing or concept, of or pertaining to Scotland.

Scottish /ˈskɑ.ɾɪʃ/ /ˈskɒt.ɪʃ/ /ˈskɔt.ɪʃ/ [ˈskɔɾ.ɪʃ] n
Szkoci
(collective, in the plural, with definite article, i. e. the Scottish) the people of Scotland.

Scottish Gaelic pn
język szkocki gaelicki
The Gaelic language of Scotland, spoken primarily in the northern and western parts of the country, with important communities in Glasgow and Edinburgh. Scottish Gaelic had its widest influence between 800 and 1200 C.E., as place names throughout Scotland attest.

Scottish crossbill Scottish crossbills n
krzyżodziób szkocki
Loxia scotica, a small passerine bird in the finch family Fringillidae. It is endemic to the Caledonian Forests of Scotland

Scout's honor interjection
słowo harcerza
(figuratively) Any promise or oath.

Scrabble /ˈskɹæ.bəl/ pn
Scrabble
A board game in which players draw letter tiles and take turns to make interlocking words like a crossword, scoring points according to the letters played and their positions on the board.

Sculptor pn
Rzeźbiarz
(constellation) A dim spring constellation of the southern sky. It lies between Aquarius and Phoenix and lies in the direction of the southern pole of the Milky Way.

Scutum pn
Tarcza
(constellation) A small autumn constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a shield. It lies between the constellations of Aquila, Sagittarius, and the tail of Serpens.

Scylla /ˈsɪlə/ pn
Scylla Skylla
A dangerous rock on the Italian coast opposite the whirlpool Charybdis on the coast of Sicily. The passage between Scylla and Charybdis was formerly considered perilous; hence, the saying between Scylla and Charybdis signifies a great peril on either hand.

Scythia /ˈsɪði.ə/ /ˈsɪθi.ə/ pn
Scytia
(historical) A region of Central Eurasia in the classical era, encompassing parts of the Pontic steppe, Central Asia, Eastern Europe, inhabited by nomadic Scythians from at least the 11th century BCE to the 2nd century CE.

Scythian /ˈsɪði.ən/ /ˈsɪθi.ən/ more Scythian most Scythian adj
scytyjski
Relating to Scythia or Scythians.

Scythian /ˈsɪði.ən/ /ˈsɪθi.ən/ Scythians n
Scyta Scytyjka
An inhabitant of Scythia, an ill-defined region centered in southern Russia.

Scythian /ˈsɪði.ən/ /ˈsɪθi.ən/ pn
scytyjski
The Eastern Iranian language of Scythians.

Sea of Azov /ˈsiː əv ˈɑːzɒv/ pn
Morze Azowskie
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Sea of Cortez pn
Morze Cortéza
Synonym of Gulf of California

Sea of Japan pn
Morze Japońskie
The body of water between Japan, Sakhalin, the Asian continent, and Jeju Island.

Sea of Marmara pn
Morze Marmara
A deep inland sea in north-western Turkey connecting the Black Sea to the Aegean Sea via the straits of Bosphorus and Dardanelles.

Sea of Okhotsk /ˌsiː əv əˈxɒtsk/ pn
morze Ochockie
A sea between the Kamchatka Peninsula on the east, the Kuril Islands on the southeast, the island of Hokkaidō to the far south, the island of Sakhalin along the west, and a long stretch of eastern Siberian coast along the west and north.

Sebastian /səˈbæst͡ʃən/ /sɪˈbæs.tʃən/ /sɪˈbæsti.ən/ pn
Sebastian
A en given name.

Second Reich pn
Druga Rzesza
The German Empire from its consolidation in 1871 until the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1918.

Second World pn
Drugi Świat
Those countries aligned with the East during the Cold War, particularly in contrast to those aligned with the West (First World).

Secretary General Secretaries General n
sekretarz generalny
The chief administrator of an international body such as NATO or the United Nations.

Securitate /sɪkjʊəɹɪˈtɑːteɪ/ /sɪkjʊɹɪˈtɑteɪ/ pn
Securitate

Segorbe /sɛˈɡɔːbeɪ/ pn
Segorbe
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Segovia /sɪˈɡəʊviə/ pn
Segowia
The letter S in the Spanish spelling alphabet

Seine /seɪn/ /sɛn/ pn
Sekwana
TemplateParserError:LuaError, the capital city of which was Paris.

Seine-Saint-Denis pn
Sekwana-Saint-Denis
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Sejm /seɪm/ pn
Sejm
The lower house of the Polish parliament.

Selandian pn
Seland
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Paleocene epoch.

Selena /səˈlinə/ /sɪˈliːnə/ pn
Celina Selena
A en given name.

Seleucia /səˈlu.ʃi.ə/ /səˈlu.ʃə/ /sɪˈlu.ʃi.ə/ /sɪˈlu.ʃə/ /sɪˈluː.ʃə/ /sɪˈluː.ʃɪ.ə/ Seleucias pn
Seleucja
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError, TemplateParserError:LuaError.
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError founded by the Seleucids, including:
, TemplateParserError:LuaError.
Synonym of Gadara, TemplateParserError:LuaError near present-day Umm Qais.
TemplateParserError:LuaError near Seleucia-on-Tigris.
TemplateParserError:LuaError, the Mediterranean seaport of ancient Antioch on the Orontes.

Selonia pn
Selonia
A cultural region in southern Latvia encompassing the eastern part of Semigallia.

Selydove pn
Sełydowe
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Semenivka pn
Semeniwka

Semigallia pn
Semigalia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Semite /ˈsiː.maɪt/ /ˈsɛ.maɪt/ /ˈsɪ.maɪt/ Semites n
Semita Semitka
A member of any of a number of peoples of ancient southwestern Asia and East Africa such as the Akkadians, Assyrians, Arameans, Phoenicians, Canaanites, Hebrews, Arabs, Aksumites, and Ethiopians.
A descendant of any of these peoples.

Semitic /səˈmɪt.ɪk/ [səˈmɪɾ.ɪk] adj
semicki
Of or pertaining to the Semites; of or pertaining to one or more Semitic peoples.

Semitic /səˈmɪt.ɪk/ [səˈmɪɾ.ɪk] pn
semicki
The Semitic languages in general.

Semiticness n
semickość
(rare) The quality or state of being Semitic.

Senate Senates pn
Senat
(Canada) The Senate of Canada; the upper house of the Canadian parliament; "the Senate".
(US) The United States Senate.

Seneca /ˈsɛnɪkə/ Seneca Senecas n
senekowie
A member of a tribe of Native Americans in western New York state.

Seneca /ˈsɛnɪkə/ pn
Seneka
A Roman cognomen, notably borne by Lucius Annaeus Seneca, a Roman stoic philosopher, dramatist, and statesman.

Senegal /ˌsɛn.ɪ.ˈɡɑːl/ /ˌsɛn.ɪ.ˈɡɔːl/ pn
Senegal
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Senegalese /ˌsɛ.nə.ɡəˈliːz/ more Senegalese most Senegalese adj
senegalski
Of, from, or pertaining to Senegal or the Senegalese people.

Senegalese /ˌsɛ.nə.ɡəˈliːz/ Senegalese n
Senegalczyk Senegalka
A person from Senegal or of Senegalese descent.

Seoul /soʊl/ /səʊl/ pn
Seul
TemplateParserError:LuaError, also the historical capital of Korea from 1394 until the country was divided in 1945.

Seoulite adj
seulski
Of or from Seoul.

Seoulite Seoulites n
seulczyk seulka
Someone from Seoul.

Sephardi Sephardim Sephardis n
sefardyjczyk sefardyjka
a Jew of Iberian ancestry, whose native language was Ladino

Sephardic adj
sefardyjski
Of or relating to the Sephardi Jews.

September /səpˈtɛmbə/ /səpˈtɛmbəɹ/ /sɛpˈtɛmbə/ /sɛpˈtɛmbəɹ/ Septembers pn
wrzesień
The ninth month of the Gregorian calendar, following August and preceding October. Abbreviations: Sep or Sep., Sept or Sept.

Septuagint /sɛpˈtju.ə.d͡ʒənt/ /sɛpˈtu.ə.d͡ʒənt/ /ˈsɛp.tjʊ.ə.d͡ʒɪnt/ /ˈsɛp.tə.wəˌd͡ʒɪnt/ /ˈsɛp.t͡ʃə.wəˌd͡ʒɪnt/ /ˈsɛp.t͡ʃʊ.ə.d͡ʒɪnt/ /ˈsɛp.ʃə.wəˌd͡ʒɪnt/ Septuagints pn
Septuaginta
An influential Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible produced in Alexandria in the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC.

Sequoyah /səˈkwɔɪə/ /səˈkɔɪə/ /sɪ-/ pn
Sekwoja
Inventor of the syllabary for writing the Cherokee language, also known as George Guess.

Serb /ˈsɜːb/ /ˈsɝb/ Serbs n
Serb Serbka
A person of Serb descent (not necessarily from Serbia). (Compare Serbian.)

Serbia /ˈsɜː.bi.ə/ /ˈsɝ.bi.ə/ pn
Serbia
TemplateParserError:LuaError. Part of Yugoslavia until 1992, then part of Serbia and Montenegro until 2006.

Serbia and Montenegro pn
Serbia i Czarnogóra
(historical) Former country on the Balkan Peninsula, formerly part of Yugoslavia. It disbanded in 2006.

Serbian /ˈsɜː(ɹ)biːən/ adj
serbski
Of, from, or pertaining to Serbia and Serbians.
Of or pertaining to Serbian language.

Serbian /ˈsɜː(ɹ)biːən/ Serbians n
serbski
(uncountable) The standardized variety of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken by Serbs.
Serb Serbka
(historical) Serbo-Croatian in general, as spoken in Serbia.

Serbianization n
serbizacja

Serbo-Croatian /ˌsɜː(ɹ)bəʊkɹəʊˈeɪʃən/ more Serbo-Croatian most Serbo-Croatian adj
serbsko-chorwacki serbochorwacki
In or pertaining to the Serbo-Croatian language.

Serbo-Croatian /ˌsɜː(ɹ)bəʊkɹəʊˈeɪʃən/ pn
serbsko-chorwacki
The South Slavic language of which Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin and Serbian are literary standards.

Seredyna-Buda pn
Seredyna-Buda

Sergius pn
Sergiusz
A en given name.

Sermon on the Mount pn
kazanie na górze
A well-known public discourse given by Jesus in the first year of his ministry, around 30 C.E..

Serpens /ˈsɚpənz/ pn
Wąż
(constellation) A large summer constellation of the northern sky said to resemble a snake. It is the only constellation consisting of two parts (Serpens Caput and Serpens Cauda) separated by the constellation Ophiuchus, representing the snake handler Asclepius.

Serpukhovian pn
serpuchow
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Carboniferous period.

Serravallian pn
serrawal
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Miocene epoch.

Sevastopol /səˈvæstəpoʊl/ /ˌsɛvəˈstoʊpəl/ pn
Sewastopol
TemplateParserError:LuaError. It is the base of the Black Sea Fleet.

Seven Sages pn
Siedmiu mędrców
(historical) Seven Ancient Greek men renowned for their wisdom: Thales, Solon, Periander, Cleobulus, Chilon, Bias, and Pittacus.

Seventh-day Adventist Seventh-day Adventists n
adwentysta dnia siódmego
(Christianity) A member of the Seventh-day Adventist Church.

Seventh-day Adventist Church pn
Adwentyści Dnia Siódmego Kościół Adwentystów Dnia Siódmego
A Protestant Christian denomination that observes Saturday as the Sabbath

Seville /səˈvɪl/ pn
Sewilla
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
A surname.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Sevillian adj
sewilski
Of or pertaining to Seville, city in Spain.

Sevillian Sevillians n
sewilczyk sewilka
Someone from Seville.

Sextans pn
Sekstant
(constellation) A dim spring constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a sextant. It lies south of the constellation of Leo.

Seychelles /seɪˈʃɛl/ /seɪˈʃɛlz/ /ˈseɪʃɛl/ /ˈseɪʃɛlz/ pn
Seszele
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Sfax pn
Safakis
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
Sfax Governorate, TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Shadow Cabinet Shadow Cabinets n
gabinet cieni
A senior group of opposition politicians who shadow the members of the government.

Shahryar pn
Szachrijar
Name of the fictional Persian Sassanid King of kings who is told stories by his wife, Scheherazade.

Shaivism pn
Śiwaizm
A sect comprising the worshippers of the god Shiva.

Shakespeare /ˈʃeɪkspɪə/ /ˈʃeɪkspɪɹ/ pn
Szekspir
William Shakespeare, an English playwright and poet of the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries

Shakespearean /ʃeɪkˈspɪəɹi.ən/ /ʃeɪkˈspɪɹi.ən/ more Shakespearean most Shakespearean adj
Szekspirowski szekspirowski
(literature) Of or pertaining to, characteristic of, associated with, or suggestive of William Shakespeare (an English playwright), his works, or his authorship, or the time in which he lived.

Shakespearean sonnet Shakespearean sonnets n
sonet szekspirowski
(poetry) A sonnet comprising three quatrains and a final couplet, in iambic pentameter with the rhyme scheme of abab cdcd efef gg.

Shakhtarsk pn
Szachtarsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Shan /ʃæn/ /ʃɑn/ pn
szański
The language of this people, of the Kra-Dai language family.

Shanghai /ʃæŋˈhaɪ/ /ʃɑŋˈhaɪ/ /ˈʃæŋ.haɪ/ pn
Szanghaj
A major international port including the eastern coast of Shanghai Municipality and the northeastern islands of Zhejiang Province.

Shaolin /ˈʃaʊlɪn/ pn
Shaolin Szaolin
A collection of Chinese martial arts that claim affiliation with the Shaolin Monastery.

Sharhorod pn
Szarogród

Sharon /ˈʃæɹən/ pn
Równina Szaron
A plain in Israel.

Shavuot /ʃævuˈɒt/ /ʃɑvuˈoʊt/ /ʃəˈvuːəs/ pn
Pięćdziesiątnica Szawuot Święto Tygodni Święto Zbiorów Święto Żniw
A Jewish holiday that occurs in the spring, a harvest festival, also commemorating the anniversary of the giving of the Ten Commandments to Moses and the Israelites at Mount Sinai.

Shchastia pn
Szczastia
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Shcholkine pn
Szczołkine
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Shebekino pn
Szebiekino
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Sheinwoodian pn
Sheinwood
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Silurian period.

Shem pn
Sem
(biblical character) The oldest son of Noah, brother to Ham and Japheth.

Shepetivka pn
Szepetówka
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Sheremetyevo pn
Szeremetjewo
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Sherlock Holmes /ˈʃɜɹ.lɒk ˈhoʊmz/ pn
Sherlock Holmes
The fictional detective who is the protagonist of the series.
Sherlock Sherlock Holmes
(figuratively, by extension) Any person who has or is considered to have great powers of observation and deduction.

Sherpa /ˈʃɝpə/ Sherpa Sherpas n
Szerpa Szerpijka
A member of a particular Himalayan ethnic group living in Nepal and Tibet, known especially as mountaineers.

Shetland pony Shetland ponies n
kuc szetlandzki
A small horse of a breed originally from the Shetland Islands

Shevchenko pn
Szewczenko
A surname from Ukrainian.

Shevchenkove pn
Szewczenkowe
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Shevchuk Shevchuks pn
Szewczuk
A transliteration of the Ukrainian surname Шевчу́к (Ševčúk).

Shi'a /ˈʃiːə/ pn
szyizm
(with article, collective) The followers of this branch of Islam; the Shiites.

Shi'ism /ˈʃiːɪz(ə)m/ n
szyizm
The religion of Shi'i Muslims.

Shih Tzu /ˈʃiːtsuː/ /ˈʃɪtzuː/ Shih Tzu Shih Tzus n
shih tzu
A small dog breed which originated in China; a dog of that breed.

Shiite /ˈʃiːaɪt/ Shiites n
szyita
A member of the Shi'a.

Shinto /ˈʃɪn.toʊ/ /ˈʃɪn.təʊ/ pn
shintoizm szinto szintoizm shinto sinto sintoizm
Formerly the state religion of Japan, a type of animism involving the worship of ancestors and nature spirits.

Shiraz /ʃɪˈɹɑːz/ pn
Sziraz
TemplateParserError:LuaError, near the remains of Persepolis.

Shiva /ˈʃiːvə/ /ˈʃɪvə/ pn
Śiwa
(Hinduism) The god of destruction and transformation, and together with Brahma and Vishnu, one of the principal deities in Hinduism. Within Shaivism he is viewed as the Supreme deity, whereas in other branches of Hinduism such as the Smarta tradition he is worshipped as one of the six manifestations of the Divine.

Shkodër pn
Szkodra
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Shoshone /ʃoʊˈʃoʊni/ Shoshones n
Szoszon Szoszonka
A member of this people.

Shoshone /ʃoʊˈʃoʊni/ pn
Szoszoni szoszon szoszoński
An Amerindian ethnic group of North America, especially of Wyoming and Idaho.

Shostka pn
Szostka

Shota pn
Szota
A male given name of Georgian origin.

Shpola pn
Szpoła

Shrove Tuesday Shrove Tuesdays n
tłusty czwartek
The day before the beginning of Lent on Ash Wednesday.

Shulgin /ˈʃʌlɡɪn/ Shulgins pn
Szulgin
A surname from Russian.

Shumsk pn
Szumsk

Sialkot pn
Sijalkot
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Siam /saɪˈæm/ pn
Syjam
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Siamese more Siamese most Siamese adj
syjamski
Of, or relating to Siam; Thai.

Siamese cat Siamese cats n
kot syjamski
A short-haired breed of domestic cat having blue eyes and pointed coat pattern, that is, a pale body and dark extremities.

Siamese fighting fish Siamese fighting fish Siamese fighting fishes n
bojownik syjamski bojownik wspaniały
A freshwater fish, Betta splendens.

Siamese twin Siamese twins n
bliźnię syjamskie
A conjoined twin; one of two people physically joined together.

Siberia [saɪˈbɪəɹɪə] [saɪˈbɪɹiə] pn
Syberia Sybir
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Siberian [saɪˈbɪəɹɪən] [saɪˈbɪɹiən] adj
syberyjski
Of or relating to Siberia.

Siberian Husky Siberian Huskies n
husky syberyjski
(zoology) A medium-sized spitz breed of dog originally used for herding reindeer and pulling sleighs.

Siberian accentor Siberian accentors n
płochacz syberyjski
Prunella montanella, a small passerine bird in the family Prunellidae.

Siberian grouse Siberian grouses n
borowiak syberyjski
A medium-sized grouse, Falcipennis falcipennis.

Siberian jay Siberian jays n
sójka syberyjska
A jay widespread in northern Eurasia, Perisoreus infaustus

Siberian rubythroat Siberian rubythroats n
słowiczek rubinowy
Calliope calliope, a flycatcher breeding in western Siberia and overwinters in South Asia.

Siberian stonechat Siberian stonechats n
kląskawka syberyjska
Saxicola maurus, an Old World flycatcher.

Siberian thrush Siberian thrushes n
drozd ciemny drozdaczek ciemny drozdoń ciemny
A species of solitary thrush native to Siberia, Geokichla sibirica.

Siberian tiger Siberian tigers n
tygrys syberyjski
A tiger of a specific Panthera tigris tigris population, now confined to Outer Manchuria in Russia.

Siberian weasel Siberian weasels n
łasica syberyjska
A rust-colored weasel, Mustela sibirica, used for its fur.

Sibiu pn
Sybin
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Sichuan /ˈsɛt͡ʃ.wɑn/ /ˈsɛʃ.wɑn/ /ˈsɪt͡ʃ.wɑn/ pn
Syczuan
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Sichuan tit Sichuan tits n
czarnoglówka brazowawa sikora syczuańska
Poecile weigoldicus, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

Sicilian adj
sycylijski
Of or relating to Sicily or its inhabitants.

Sicilian Sicilians n
Sycylijczyk Sycylijka
A native of Sicily.
Any chess opening that starts 1 e4 c5.

Sicilian pn
sycylijski język sycylijski
The language of Sicily.

Sicilian Defence pn
obrona sycylijska
A chess opening characterized by the moves 1.e4 c5, in which both the white king's pawn and the black king's bishop's pawn advance two squares as the first moves.

Sicily /ˈsɪsɪli/ Sicilies pn
Sycylia
(historical) Synonym of Kingdom of Sicily, a former kingdom controlling the island and some of southern Italy in the medieval and early modern period
(historical) Synonym of Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, a former kingdom controlling the island and most of southern Italy in the 19th century

Sidon pn
Sydon
(chiefly, historical) , TemplateParserError:LuaError, TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Siegfried /ˈsiːɡ.fɹiːd/ /ˈsɪɡ.fɹiːd/ pn
Zygfryd
(Germanic, _, mythology) Hero of the Nibelungenlied who defeated the Icelandic queen Brunhild.

Sierpinski triangle Sierpinski triangles n
trójkąt Sierpińskiego
A fractal consisting of three copies of itself, shrunk to half size, arranged in a triangular shape without rotating.

Sierra Leone /siˌɛɹə liˈoʊn/ pn
Sierra Leone
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Sievierodonetsk pn
Siewierodonieck
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Sighetu Marmației pn
Syhot Syhot Marmaroski

Sigurd pn
Sygurd
(Norse mythology) The principal hero of the Volsungasaga and of the Elder Edda's Niflung cycle, who slew a dragon.

Sikh /siːk/ /sɪk/ more Sikh most Sikh adj
sikhijski
of, or relating to the Sikhs or to Sikhism.

Sikh /siːk/ /sɪk/ Sikhs n
sikh sikhijka
An adherent of Sikhism.

Sikhism /ˈsiːkɪzm̩/ /ˈsɪk-/ pn
sikhizm
A revealed, monotheistic religion originating in northern India, in the 16th century, through Guru Nanak and his successors.

Silent Sam /ˌsaɪlənt ˈsæm/ Silent Sams n
milczek
(informal, sometimes used attributively) A person who seldom or never speaks; a taciturn or unresponsive individual.

Silesia /saɪˈliʒə/ /saɪˈliːziə/ /saɪˈliːʃə/ pn
Śląsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError, now chiefly in Poland, with small portions in the Czech Republic and Germany, from early modernity until 1945 predominantly German-speaking with Slavic-speaking minorities (and local majorities).

Silesian /saɪˈliːzi.ən/ adj
śląski
Of or pertaining to Silesia.

Silesian /saɪˈliːzi.ən/ Silesians n
Ślązak Ślązaczka
(countable) An inhabitant of Silesia.

Silesian /saɪˈliːzi.ən/ pn
gwara śląska śląszczyzna
(uncountable) Upper Silesian, a West Slavic language spoken in southwestern parts of Poland and the Czech Republic.

Silesian Voivodeship pn
województwo śląskie
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Siliana pn
Siljana
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Silicon Valley pn
Dolina Krzemowa
(informal) Originally, the region of the San Francisco Bay Area in which there are a high number of industries producing silicon chips; later extended to mean the entire concentration of high-tech businesses in this area.

Silk Road pn
jedwabny szlak Jedwabny Szlak
(historical) An extensive interconnected network of trade routes across Asia, North and Northeast Africa, and Europe, historically used by silk traders.

Silvia /ˈsɪlvi.ə/ pn
Sylwia
A en given name.

Silvius pn
Sylwiusz
A en given name, of mostly historical use in English.

Simferopol /sɪmfəˈɹɒ.pəl/ /ˌsɪmfəˈɹoʊpəl/ pn
Symferopol
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Simon /ˈsaɪmən/ Simons pn
Szymon
Name of any of a number of men in the New Testament, notably the original name of Apostle Peter.
A en given name.
A surname originating as a patronymic.

Simon says n
Szymon mówi
(games) A children's game where players must carry out only those commands that are preceded by the utterance "Simon says".

Simone /səˈməʊn/ pn
Ksymena Simona Szymona
A en given name.

Simonides /saɪˈmɑːnɪdiːz/ /saɪˈmɒnɪdiːz/ pn
Symonides
(c. 556 BCE – 468 BCE) Ancient Greek lyric poet from the island of Ceos.

Sinai /ˈsaɪˌnaɪ/ /ˈsiˌnaɪ/ pn
Synaj
TemplateParserError:LuaError, bordering Asia.
TemplateParserError:LuaError; the location where Moses is said to have received the Ten Commandments from God.

Sinaloa pn
Sinaloa
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Sinbad pn
Sindbad
(fiction) A fictional sailor, the hero of a story-cycle of Middle Eastern origin, who encountered monsters and magic while travelling the seas east of Africa and south of Asia.

Sinemurian n
synemur
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Jurassic period.

Singapore /sɪŋəˈpɔː/ /sɪŋɡəˈpɔː(ɹ)/ /ˈsɪŋə-/ /ˈsɪŋəpoɹ/ /ˈsɪŋəpɔː/ /ˈsɪŋɡəpɔː(ɹ)/ /ˈsɪŋʌpɔː/ [-ɔː˦˧] [ˈsɪŋ˧.a˧.pɔ˦] pn
Singapur
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Singaporean /ˌsɪŋ(ɡ)əˈpɔːɹi.ən/ adj
singapurski
Of, from, or pertaining to Singapore or its people or language.

Singaporean /ˌsɪŋ(ɡ)əˈpɔːɹi.ən/ Singaporeans n
Singapurczyk Singapurka
A person from Singapore or of Singaporean descent.

Singer pn
Zynger
A surname originating as an occupation.

Sinhalese /sɪnhəˈliːz/ /sɪnəˈliːz/ more Sinhalese most Sinhalese adj
syngaleski
Of or pertaining to the majority ethnic group of Sri Lanka, their Indo-Aryan language, or their culture.

Sinhalese /sɪnhəˈliːz/ /sɪnəˈliːz/ Sinhalese n
Syngalez Syngalezka
(countable) A Sinhalese person: a member of the majority ethnic group of Sri Lanka.
syngaleski
(uncountable) The Indo-Aryan language of the Sinhalese people.

Sino-Japanese adj
chińsko-japoński
Involving both China and Japan, for example the First Sino-Japanese War, or Sino-Japanese vocabulary

Sino-Japanese pn
sinojapoński
The Chinese-derived elements in the Japanese language.

Sinocentrism /ˌsaɪnoʊˈsɛntɹɪzəm/ /ˌsaɪnəʊˈsɛntɹɪzəm/ /ˌsɪ-/ n
sinocentryzm
(historical) The belief, held by the ancient Chinese, that China was literally the centre of the world.

Sinop pn
Synopa
TemplateParserError:LuaError, located at the northernmost point of the southern coast of the Black Sea.

Siret pn
Seret
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Sirius /ˈsɪɹi.əs/ pn
Syriusz

Sistine adj
sykstyński
Of or pertaining to Pope Sixtus.

Sisyphean /ˌsɪsəˈfiːən/ adj
syzyfowy
Incessant or incessantly recurring, but futile.
(Greek mythology) Relating to Sisyphus.

Sisyphus /ˈsɪsɪfəs/ pn
Syzyf
(Greek mythology) Son of Aeolus and Enarete, and king of Ephyra, as tragic figure doomed eternally to roll a boulder up a hill in Tartarus, a part of Hades.

Siversk pn
Siewiersk

Sjögren's syndrome n
zespół Sjögrena
An autoimmune disorder in which immune cells attack and destroy the exocrine glands that produce tears and saliva.

Skadovsk pn
Skadowsk

Skalat pn
Skałat

Skeffington's daughter Skeffington's daughters n
bocian

Skole pn
Skole

Skopjan adj
skopijski
Of, from, or pertaining to Skopje in North Macedonia.

Skopjan Skopjans n
skopijczyk skopijka
Someone from Skopje in North Macedonia.

Skopje /ˈskɔpjɛ/ pn
Skopje Skopie
(by extension) North Macedonia, especially in the Greek media.

Skvyra pn
Skwyra

Slav /slæv/ /slɑːv/ Slavi Slavs n
Słowianin Słowianka
A member of any of the peoples of Europe who speak the Slavic languages.

Slavdom n
Słowiańszczyzna
Slavic people collectively, Slavs as a body
the area inhabited by Slavs, or with Slavic influence

Slavia /ˈslɑːvi.ə/ pn
Słowiańszczyzna
Any area principally or historically inhabited by Slavs; the land of the Slavs.

Slavic /ˈslævɪk/ /ˈslɑːvɪk/ more Slavic most Slavic adj
słowiański
Of the Slavs, their culture or the branch of the Indo-European languages associated with them.

Slavic studies n
slawistyka słowianoznawstwo
(humanities, US) A field of academic study concerned with Slavic areas, Slavic languages, literature, history, and culture.

Slavicness n
słowiańszczyzna
The state or quality of being Slavic.

Slavism /ˈslɑːvɪzm/ Slavisms n
slawizm słowianizm
(countable) A linguistic feature of one or more Slavic languages, especially a Slavic idiom or phrasing that appears in a non-Slavic language.

Slavist Slavists n
slawista
A specialist in the Slavic languages, literature or culture.

Slavo- prefix
słowiano-
Slavic

Slavonia pn
Slawonia
In early modern times: Kingdom of Slavonia, covering north-eastern parts of modern Croatia and region of Syrmia in modern Serbia.

Slavonic /slə.ˈvɒ.nɪk/ adj
slawoński
Of, denoting, or relating to Slavonia and its inhabitants.

Slavophile Slavophiles n
słowianofil słowianofilka
A person who is interested in the development and prosperity of the Slavic race.

Slavophilia n
słowianofilstwo
Ideological commitment to maintaining traditional Slavic culture and values and resisting non-Slavic influences (as first formulated in 19th-century imperial Russia).

Slavuta pn
Sławuta
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Slavutych pn
Sławutycz
TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError
(historical) (Dnieper) (when referring to the early Rus era) TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Sleeping Beauty Sleeping Beauties pn
Śpiąca Królewna
A fairy tale originally titled La Belle au bois dormant by Charles Perrault.
Śpiąca Królewna Śpiąca królewna
The main character in this story, who is in unbroken slumber under a magical spell, awaiting the kiss of a prince.

Slovak /sləˈvæk/ /sləˈvɑːk/ /ˈsloʊvæk/ /ˈsloʊvɑːk/ [ˈslɑvək] adj
słowacki
Of, from, or pertaining to Slovakia, the Slovak people or the Slovak language.

Slovak /sləˈvæk/ /sləˈvɑːk/ /ˈsloʊvæk/ /ˈsloʊvɑːk/ [ˈslɑvək] Slovaks n
Słowak Słowaczka
(countable) A person from Slovakia or of Slovak descent.
słowacki język słowacki
(uncountable) The Slavic language of Slovakia.

Slovak Cuvac n
czuwacz słowacki
A livestock guardian dog bred in Slovakia.

Slovak Republic pn
Republika Słowacka
The official name of Slovakia.

Slovakia /sloʊˈvæ.ki.ə/ /sloʊˈvɑ.ki.ə/ /sləʊˈvæ.ki.ə/ /sləʊˈvɑː.ki.ə/ pn
Słowacja
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Slovakness n
słowacczyzna
Quality of being Slovak.

Slovakophone adj
słowackojęzyczny
Slovak-speaking.

Slovene /sləˈviːn/ /ˈsləʊviːn/ adj
słoweński
Of or pertaining to Slovenia, the Slovenes or the Slovene language.

Slovene /sləˈviːn/ /ˈsləʊviːn/ Slovenes n
Słoweniec Słowenka
A person from Slovenia.

Slovene /sləˈviːn/ /ˈsləʊviːn/ pn
słoweński
The official language of Slovenia.

Slovenia /sloʊˈvi.ni.ə/ /sloʊˈvin.jə/ /sləʊˈviː.ni.ə/ /sləʊˈviːn.jə/ pn
Słowenia
TemplateParserError:LuaError. Part of Yugoslavia until 1991.

Sloviansk pn
Słowiańsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Slovincian /slə(ʊ)ˈvɪnsɪ.ən/ /slə(ʊ)ˈvɪnʃən/ pn
język słowiński słowiński
The extinct language of the Slovincians.

Slytherin /ˈslɪðəɹɪn/ Slytherins n
Ślizgon
A person having traits associated with Slytherin house from the Harry Potter series, including ambition, cunning, or an affinity for snakes or the colours green and silver.

Small Magellanic Cloud pn
Mały Obłok Magellana
(galaxy) A particular dwarf irregular galaxy, a satellite of Milky Way.

Smila pn
Smiła

Smith /smɪθ/ Smiths pn
Kowalski Kowal Kowalczyk Kowalczuk
TemplateParserError:LuaError, flowing from the Klamath Mountains into the Pacific.

Smoke pn
Dym
The 44th sura (chapter) of the Qur'an.

Smolensk pn
Smoleńsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Snake Island pn
Wyspa Wężowa
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Snark pn
Żmirłacz
A ketch built by Jack London named after Lewis Carroll's poem The Hunting of the Snark

Snell's law /snɛlz lɔ/ n
prawo Snella prawo Snelliusa
(optics) the law that, for a ray incident on the interface of two media, the sine of the angle of incidence times the index of the refraction of the first medium is equal to the sine of the angle of refraction times the index of refraction of the second medium

Sniatyn pn
Śniatyn

Snihurivka pn
Snihuriwka

Snizhne pn
Śnieżne
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Snoopy pn
Snoopy
Charlie Brown's pet beagle in the comic strip Peanuts, by Charles M. Schulz; often representing doggish soulfulness.

Snovsk pn
Snowśk
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Snow Queen pn
Królowa Śniegu
A female fairy tale character with magical power over snow and ice.

Snow White /snoʊ (h)waɪt/ /snəʊ waɪt/ Snow Whites pn
Śnieżka Białośnieżka
A fictional character in the fairy tale Snow-White and Rose-Red, from Schneeweißchen und Rosenrot collected by the Brothers Grimm.

Sněžka pn
Śnieżka
The highest mountain in the Czech Republic.

Sobek pn
Sobek

Sochi /ˈsoʊt͡ʃi/ /ˈsɒt͡ʃi/ pn
Soczi
A city in the Krasnodar kray (krai) of Russia, host of the 2014 Winter Olympics.

Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia pn
Socjalistyczna Federacyjna Republika Jugosławii
The Yugoslav state that existed from 1943 until 1992 (abbreviation SFRY).

Socialist Republic of Vietnam pn
Socjalistyczna Republika Wietnamu
Official name of Vietnam.

Society of Jesus pn
Towarzystwo Jezusowe
An order of Roman Catholic clergy, the Jesuits, having a tradition of education, theological scholarship, and missionary work; formed during the 16th century.

Socinian /soʊˈsɪn.iː.ən/ adj
socyniański ariański
Pertaining to the Socinians.

Socinian /soʊˈsɪn.iː.ən/ Socinians n
socynianin arianin arianka
A member of a particular nontrinitarian Christian denomination founded in the late 16th century.

Socinianism pn
antytrynitaryzm arianizm ariaństwo

Socotra pn
Sokotra
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Socrates /ˈsɑkɹətiz/ /ˈsɒkɹətiːz/ pn
Sokrates
A en given name of mostly historical use, known after a Greek philosopher.

Socratic more Socratic most Socratic adj
sokratejski sokratyczny
Of or characteristic of the philosopher Socrates or his philosophical methods and/or views.

Socratic irony Socratic ironies n
ironia sokratejska
The practice or act of asking someone a question, as though ignorant of the answer, in order to show a flaw in their argument.

Socratic method pn
majeutyka metoda sokratyczna

Socratism pn
sokratyzm
The philosophy or method of Socrates.

Sodom /ˈsɑ.dəm/ /ˈsɒ.dəm/ pn
Sodoma
(biblical, Quranic) A city in the Middle East which, according to the Bible and Islamic tradition, but not specifically named in the Qur'an, was destroyed by God (along with Gomorrah) for the sins of its inhabitants.

Sofia /sɒˈfiːə/ /ˈsəʊfi.ə/ pn
Sofia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Sofian adj
sofijski
Of, from, or pertaining to, Sofia

Sofian Sofians n
sofijczyk sofijka
Someone from Sofia.

Sogdiana pn
Sogdiana
An ancient Iranian-speaking civilization of what is today eastern Uzbekistan and western Tajikistan.

Sokal pn
Sokal

Sokyriany pn
Sokiriany

Solar System /ˈsoʊ.lɚ ˌsɪs.təm/ /ˈsəʊl.ə ˌsɪs.təm/ pn
Układ Słoneczny System Słoneczny
(astronomy) The Sun and all the heavenly bodies that orbit around it, including the eight planets, their moons, the asteroids, and comets.

Soledar pn
Sołedar
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Solidarity pn
Solidarność
(historical) A political movement begun in the labor unions of Poland that contributed to the fall of Communism in that country.

Solomon /ˈsɑləmən/ /ˈsɒləmən/ Solomons pn
Salomon
(Biblical character) In the Old Testament and Qur'an, a king of Israel famous for his wisdom; father of King Rehoboam and the son of King David.
(countable) A en given name.

Solomon Islands /ˈsɑ.lə.mən ˈaɪ.ləndz/ /ˈsɒl.ə.mən ˈaɪ.ləndz/ /ˈsɒləmən ˈaɪləndz/ pn
Wyspy Salomona
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Solomon's seal Solomon's seals n
kokoryczka
Any flowering plant of the genus Polygonatum, especially Polygonatuym multiflorum.

Solon /ˈsoʊlɒn/ /ˈsoʊlən/ /ˈsəʊlən/ pn
Solon
An ancient Athenian statesman and lawgiver, one of the Seven Sages (c.630-c.560 BC).

Solothurn pn
Solura
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Solresol pn
Solresol
A minor constructed language whose phonemes are based upon the solfège.

Somali /soʊˈmɑːli/ /səˈmɑːli/ adj
somalijski
Of, from, or pertaining to Somalia, the Somali people or language.

Somali /soʊˈmɑːli/ /səˈmɑːli/ Somalis n
somalijski
(uncountable) A Cushitic language spoken mainly in Somalia and eastern Ethiopia.
Somalijczyk Somalijka
(countable) A person from Somalia or of Somali descent.

Somalia /səˈmɑːliə/ pn
Somalia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Son of God pn
Syn Boży Syn Człowieczy

Son of Heaven pn
bogdychan

Son of Man pn
Syn Człowieczy
(Christianity) A Christian title of Jesus Christ, referring to his status as a celestial being who presides as an eschatological judge.

Song of Songs pn
Pieśń nad Pieśniami
(biblical) The twenty-second book of the Christian Old Testament and the seventeenth book of the Hebrew Bible.

Sony /ˈsoʊni/ pn
Sony
(trademark) An international electronics and media company based in Tokyo, Japan.

Sophia /soʊˈfi.ə/ /səˈfaɪə/ /səˈfiːə/ /ˈsəʊfi.ə/ pn
Zofia
A en given name, borne by an early Christian saint, and by European royalty.

Sophocles /ˈsɑ.fɑ.kliːz/ /ˈsɒ.fək.kliːz/ pn
Sofokles
A Greek dramatic poet (ca. 497 BCE – 405 BCE); Sophocles was one of the three greatest Greek tragedians. In the Athenian dramatic competitions of the Festival of Dionysus, he won more first prizes (around 20) than any other playwright, and placed second in all others he participated in. He is best remembered for his Oedipus Cycle of plays.

Sorbian /ˈsɔːbi.ən/ /ˈsɔːɹbi.ən/ adj
łużycki
Of or pertaining to the Sorbs or to the Sorbian language.

Sorbian /ˈsɔːbi.ən/ /ˈsɔːɹbi.ən/ pn
łużycki
A group of Slavic languages spoken by a minority in eastern Germany.

Sorokyne pn
Sorokyne
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Sosnivka pn
Sosnówka

Sound pn
Sund
The strait that separates Zealand (an island of Denmark) from Scania (part of Sweden); also sometimes called by the Danish name, Øresund.

South Africa /ˌsaʊθ ˈæf.ɹɪ.kə/ [sɑɤ̯ˈθɛ̞frɘkə] pn
Afryka Południowa Republika Południowej Afryki
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
(now, nonstandard) TemplateParserError:LuaError.

South African /ˌsaʊθˈaf.ɹɪ.kən/ adj
południowoafrykański
Of, from, or pertaining to South Africa, or the South African people.

South African /ˌsaʊθˈaf.ɹɪ.kən/ South Africans n
Południowoafrykanka Południowoafrykańczyk
A person from South Africa or of South African descent.

South America /ˌsaʊθ əˈmɛɹɪkə/ pn
Ameryka Południowa
The continent that is the southern part of the Americas. It is east of the Pacific Ocean, west of the Atlantic Ocean, south of North America and north of Antarctica.

South American adj
południowoamerykański
Of, or relating to South America.

South Asia pn
Azja Południowa
All the countries of the Indian subcontinent (principally India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Bhutan) and the Indian Ocean (principally Sri Lanka, Maldives)

South Asian adj
południowoazjatycki
Of, or relating to South Asia.

South Australia pn
Australia Południowa
(historical) Until 1901, the British colony that is now the state of South Australia.

South Carolina /ˌsaʊθ kæɹəˈlaɪnə/ /ˌsaʊθ kɛɹəˈlaɪnə/ pn
Karolina Południowa
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

South China Sea pn
Morze Południowochińskie
The western arm of the Pacific Ocean, between the Asian mainland and Taiwan, Borneo and the Philippines.

South Dakota /ˈsaʊθ dəˈkoʊ.tə/ pn
Dakota Południowa
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

South Georgia pn
Georgia Południowa
Ellipsis of South Georgia Island.; TemplateParserError:LuaError
Ellipsis of South Georgia Islands.; TemplateParserError:LuaError

South Holland pn
Holandia Południowa
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

South Island pn
Wyspa Południowa
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

South Korea pn
Korea Południowa
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

South Korean adj
południowokoreański
Of, from, or pertaining to South Korea or the South Korean people.

South Korean South Koreans n
Koreanka Koreańczyk
A citizen or resident of South Korea.

South Ossetia pn
Osetia Południowa
A disputed region in the South Caucasus. Formally recognized as a part of Georgia by most countries, but de facto an independent country fully named Republic of South Ossetia, with capital city Tskhinvali.

South Pole /ˌsaʊθ ˈpoʊl/ /ˌsaʊθ ˈpəʊl/ pn
biegun południowy
(geography) The Geographic South Pole or Terrestrial South Pole; the point which south is oriented towards, and therefore the southernmost point on Earth (having a latitude of -90°).

South Slavic adj
południowosłowiański
of or relating to this language family or to the South Slavs.

South Sudan pn
Sudan Południowy
TemplateParserError:LuaError, formerly the southern part of Sudan.

South Yemen pn
Jemen Południowy
(historical) A former country in the Middle East from 1967 until 1990; full name People's Democratic Republic of Yemen.

Southeast Asia pn
Azja Południowo-Wschodnia
TemplateParserError:LuaError, comprising the territories of Brunei, Cambodia, East Timor, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar (Burma), the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

Southern Bug pn
Boh Południowy Bug

Southern Cross /ˌsʌðə(ɹ)n ˈkɹɒs/ pn
Krzyż Południa
(constellation) A distinctive winter constellation of the southern sky, shaped like a cross, which appears in the flags of several countries in Oceania.

Southern Europe pn
Europa Południowa
A sociopolitical region of Europe including such countries as Spain, Portugal, Italy, and Greece

Southern European adj
południowoeuropejski
Of, from, or pertaining to Southern Europe, its people, or its culture.

Southern Ocean pn
Ocean Południowy Ocean Antarktyczny
The portion of the World Ocean surrounding Antarctica, variously taken as the waters south of the Antarctic Circle, the waters south of 60° S, or the waters bounded by the Antarctic Convergence.

Southern Rhodesia pn
Rodezja Południowa
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError

Southerner /ˈsʌðɛnəɹ/ /ˈsʌðᵊnə/ /ˈsʌðᵊnəɹ/ Southerners n
południowiec
(US) A resident of the American South, often specifically a white resident of the American South.

Southwest Asia pn
Azja Południowo-Zachodnia

Sovetsk pn
Sowieck Tylża

Soviet more Soviet most Soviet adj
radziecki sowiecki
(history, not comparable) Pertaining to the Soviet Union or its constituent republics.
Supporting or representing the Soviet Union or Sovietism; Sovietist.

Soviet Soviets n
Sowiet Sowietka
A citizen of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

Soviet Russia pn
Rosja Radziecka
The unofficial term used for the former Russian Republic for a short period after its collapse - from 7 November 1917 (October Revolution) to 19 July 1918 (1st RSFSR Constitution) or to 30 December 1922 (Treaty on the Creation of the USSR). Also used to refer to the Soviet Union as a whole in the early stages.

Soviet Socialist Republic Soviet Socialist Republics pn
republika radziecka republika sowiecka socjalistyczna republika radziecka socjalistyczna republika sowiecka
(historical, political subdivision) Any of the republics belonging to the former Soviet Union.

Soviet Union /ˈsoʊviət ˈjuːnjən/ /ˈsɒviət ˈjuːniən/ /ˈsəʊvɪət ˈjuːniən/ pn
Związek Radziecki
Ellipsis of Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
(informal) The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.

Sovietization Sovietizations n
sowietyzacja
The act or process of Sovietizing.

Sovietize v
sowietyzować
(transitive) To adapt to the sociopolitical standards of the Soviet Union.

Sovietologist Sovietologists n
sowietolog
A person who engages in Sovietology.

Sovietology n
sowietologia
The field of study of the Soviet Union.

Sovietwave n
sovietwave

Soyuz /ˈsɔɪjuːz/ /ˈsɔːjuːz/ Soyuzes n
Sojuz
Any of a series of Soviet, later Russian spacecraft.

Space Shuttle Space Shuttles n
prom kosmiczny
A space transportation system developed by NASA consisting of a reusable winged orbiter, a set of recoverable booster rockets, and a fuel tank.

Spain /speɪn/ /spæɪn/ pn
Hiszpania
An English ethnic surname transferred from the nickname for someone with Spanish ancestry.

Spaniard /ˈspæn.jəd/ /ˈspæn.jɚd/ Spaniards n
Hiszpan Hiszpanka
A person from Spain or of Spanish descent.

Spanish /ˈspæn.ɪʃ/ adj
hiszpański
Of or pertaining to the people or culture of Spain.

Spanish /ˈspæn.ɪʃ/ Spanish Spanishes n
Hiszpan
(collective plural) People of Spain, collectively.

Spanish /ˈspæn.ɪʃ/ Spanishes pn
hiszpański hiszpańszczyzna
(uncountable) A Romance language primarily spoken in Spain and in the Americas.

Spanish omelette Spanish omelettes n
tortilla
A molded omelette made with the addition of fried potatoes and often onions.

Spanish sparrow Spanish sparrows n
wróbel śródziemnomorski
Passer hispaniolensis, a small passerine bird in the family Passeridae

Spanishness n
hiszpańskość
The quality or state of being Spanish.

Sparta /ˈspɑː(ɹ)tə/ pn
Sparta
An ancient city-state in southern Greece, noted for its strict military training.

Spartacus /ˈspɑːtəkəs/ /ˈspɑːɹtəkəs/ pn
Spartakus
A Thracian name, notably borne by a gladiator who was one of the slave leaders in a major slave uprising against the Roman Republic.

Spartan more Spartan most Spartan adj
spartański
Of or relating to Sparta or its citizens.

Special Region of Yogyakarta pn
okręg Yogyakarta
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Speyer Speyers pn
Spira
A habitational surname from German.

Sphinx /ˈsfɪŋks/ Sphinges pn
Sfinks
(usually, with "the") An ancient, large statue in Egypt, with the face of a man and the body of a lion, lying near the Great Pyramids.
(Greek mythology) One of the many offspring of Typhon and Echidna, a winged lion-like creature with a woman's face, who committed suicide out of frustration after Oedipus managed to solve her riddles.

Spiritism pn
spirytyzm
A philosophical doctrine, established in France in the mid nineteenth century, postulating that humans are essentially immortal spirits that temporarily inhabit physical bodies, and may have influence on the physical world.

Split /splɪt/ pn
Split
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Sprachgefühl n
intuicja językowa poczucie językowe wyczucie językowe
The instinctive or intuitive grasp of the natural idiom of a language. [from 20th c.]

Spree /spɹeɪ/ /ʃpɹeɪ/ pn
Sprewa
TemplateParserError:LuaError that flows through Lusatia and into Berlin, where it flows into the Havel.

Springfield pn
Springfield
The Rural Municipality of Springfield, TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Springtime of Nations pn
Wiosna Ludów
(history, European history) A period, sometimes confounded with the Age of Revolution in Europe and/or the pre-March era (Vormärz) specifically in Germany; variously beginning in 1789 (the French Revolution) or (in Germany) either in 1815 (German Confederation) or 1830 (French July Revolution) and leading up to to the Revolutions of 1848.

Sr. adj
senior
A title used after a father's name when his son is given the same name.

Srebrenica /-ˈnɪtsə/ /ˌsɹɛbɹəˈniːtsə/ /ˌʃɹɛbɹəˈniːtsə/ pn
Srebrenica
TemplateParserError:LuaError, which was the site of an ethnic cleansing massacre in July 1995.

Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte pn
Sri Dźajawardanapura Kotte
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Sri Lanka /sɹ/ /sɹiˈlæŋkə/ /sɹiˈlɑːŋkə/ /ʃɹ/ /ʃɹiˈlɑːŋkə/ pn
Sri Lanka
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Sri Lankan adj
lankijski
Of, from, or pertaining to Sri Lanka or to the Sri Lankan people

Sri Lankan Sri Lankans n
Lankijczyk Lankijka
A person from Sri Lanka or of Sri Lankan descent.

St SS Sts n
św.
abbreviation of Saint

St George's Channel pn
Kanał Świętego Jerzego
The channel connecting the Irish Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the southwest.

St John's wort /seɪnt ˈd͡ʒɑnz wɝt/ /sən(t) ˈd͡ʒɒnz wɜːt/ St John's worts n
dziurawiec
Any of several plants, of the genus Hypericum, especially Hypericum perforatum, that have yellow flowers and traditionally ward off evil.

St. Sts. n
ul.
(in names of specific streets, not as a common noun)

St. Elmo's fire St. Elmo's fires n
ognie świętego Elma
An electrical discharge, or corona, seen around pointed objects, caused by ionization of the atmosphere during storms.

St. George's /ˈseɪnt ˈdʒɔɹdʒɪz/ pn
Saint George's
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError. [From 1765]
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

St. George's Day pn
Dzień Świętego Jerzego
The saint's day of Saint George, the patron saint of England, celebrated on April 23rd.

St. John's /ˈseɪnt ˈd͡ʒɑnz/ pn
Saint John's
TemplateParserError:LuaError and forming part of the civil parish of Dinnington St. John's.

Stagirite /ˈstæd͡ʒɪɹʌɪt/ /ˈstæɡɪɹʌɪt/ Stagirites n
Stagiryta
Someone from Stagira.

Stagirite /ˈstæd͡ʒɪɹʌɪt/ /ˈstæɡɪɹʌɪt/ pn
Stagiryta
Aristotle.

Stalin /ˈstɑː.lɪn/ pn
Stalin
A surname from Russian; usually referring to the Russian [empire, republic] revolutionary and Soviet Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU(b) Joseph Stalin.

Stalinism Stalinisms n
stalinizm
The Communist philosophies espoused by Soviet leader Joseph Stalin.

Stalinist more Stalinist most Stalinist adj
stalinowski
Of, relating to, or resembling Joseph Stalin, a Bolshevik revolutionary.
Of or relating to Stalinism.

Stalinist Stalinists n
stalinista stalinistka stalinowiec
A person who accepts the philosophy of Stalinism.

Stanislaus /ˈstænɪslɔːs/ Stanislauses pn
Stanisław
A en given name.
A surname from the Slavic languages.

Star Wars [ˈstɑɹ ˈwɔɹz] [ˈstɑː(ɹ) ˈwɔː(ɹ)z] [ˈstɑ˞ ˈwɔɹz] pn
Gwiezdne wojny
An American epic space opera franchise centered on a film series created by George Lucas in a setting where futuristic technology co-exists with a semi-sentient form of magic/religion called the Force.
gwiezdne wojny wojny gwiezdne
(informal, military) The United States Strategic Defense Initiative.

Star of Bethlehem pn
Gwiazda Betlejemska
(Biblical) The bright star in the Gospel of Matthew that lead the "wise men from the East" to travel to Bethlehem.

Star of David Stars of David pn
gwiazda Dawida
A symbol of Jewish identity and Judaism, having the shape of a hexagram, the compound of two equilateral triangles.

Starobilsk pn
Starobielsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Starokostiantyniv pn
Konstantynów Starokonstantynów
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Staryi Krym pn
Stary Krym
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Staryi Sambir pn
Stary Sambor
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

State of Eritrea pn
Państwo Erytrea
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

State of Israel pn
Państwo Izrael
The official name of Israel.

State of Libya pn
Państwo Libia
The official name of Libya.

Statue of Liberty pn
Statua Wolności
A very large statue in New York harbor, representing the Roman goddess Libertas, and considered emblematic of the United States and its attractiveness to voluntary immigrants.

Stavropol pn
Stawropol
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Stebnyk pn
Stebnik
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Stella /ˈstɛlə/ pn
Stela Stella
A en given name.

Steller sea lion /ˈstɛlə siː ˈlaɪən/ Steller sea lions n
lew morski Stellera uchatek grzywiasty uchatka grzywiasta
A species of sea lion, Eumetopias jubatus, the largest of the eared seals.

Stendhalian /stɒ̃ˈdɑːlɪən/ /stɛnˈdɑli.ən/ /stɛ̃ˈdɑli.ən/ more Stendhalian most Stendhalian adj
stendhalowski
Of, pertaining to, or in the style of French novelist Marie-Henri Beyle (1783–1842), known as Stendhal.

Stepanakert pn
Stepanakert
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Stephanie /ˈstɛfəni/ pn
Stefania
A en given name.

Stephen /ˈstiːfən/ /ˈstiːvən/ /ˈstɛfən/ pn
Szczepan
The first Christian martyr.
Stefan Szczepan
A en given name.

Stigmata pn
stygmaty
(religion, Christianity) bodily marks or sores, corresponding in location to the crucifixion wounds of Christ; supposed to occur during states of religious ecstasy or hysteria, and sometimes reported to bleed periodically

Stilton /ˈstɪltən/ Stiltons n
stilton
A type of blue-veined cheese made in England.

Stirling number of the second kind Stirling numbers of the second kind n
liczba Stirlinga II rodzaju

Stockholm /ˈstɒkhoʊ(l)m/ /ˈstɒkhɒlm/ pn
Sztokholm
(metonym) The Swedish government.

Stockholm syndrome n
syndrom sztokholmski
A psychological condition in which a hostage emotionally bonds to his or her captor.

Stockholmer adj
sztokholmski
Of, from or pertaining to Stockholm.

Stockholmer Stockholmers n
sztokholmczyk sztokholmka
Someone from Stockholm in Sweden.

Stokavian adj
sztokawski
Of or pertaining to the Stokavian dialect.

Stokavian pn
sztokawski
The most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, which is used as the dialectal basis for standard Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, and Serbian. The word what is usually rendered as što, whence the name.

Stolin pn
Stolin

Stone Stones pn
Kamień
(countable) An English occupational and habitational surname from Old English, for someone who lived near a stone worked with stone, from Old English stan.

Stone Age /ˈstoʊn ˌeɪdʒ/ /ˈstəʊn ˌeɪdʒ/ pn
epoka kamienia
(archaeology, paleontology) A broad prehistoric period during which humans widely used stone for toolmaking.

Storozhynets pn
Storożyniec
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Strait of Dover pn
Cieśnina Kaletańska
A strait in the English Channel, connecting to the North Sea, between Dover (England) and Calais (France)

Strait of Gibraltar pn
Cieśnina Gibraltarska
A strait between Spain and Morocco, connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean.

Strait of Kerch pn
Cieśnina Kerczeńska
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Strait of Magellan pn
Cieśnina Magellana
A navigable sea route between the southern coast of Chile and the northern coast of Tierra del Fuego.

Strait of Malacca pn
Cieśnina Malakka
A strait between the Malay Peninsula and the Indonesian island of Sumatra.

Strait of Messina pn
Cieśnina Mesyńska Cieśnina Messyńska
The narrow section of water between the eastern tip of Sicily and the southern tip of mainland Italy.

Strait of Sicily pn
Cieśnina Sycylijska
A strait between Sicily and Tunisia, part of the Mediterranean Sea.

Strasbourg /ˈstɹæsbɜːɡ/ /ˈstɹæzbɜːɡ/ /ˈstɹɑːsbɝːɡ/ pn
Strasburg Sztrasburg
TemplateParserError:LuaError; located in the historic region of Alsace, near the border with Germany and at various historical points a part of Germany.

Stribog pn
Strzybóg
The god of the winds, air and sky in Slavic mythology.

Stryi pn
Stryj
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Stryjewka pn
Stryjówka

Sturm und Drang /ˈʃtəɹm ʊnt ˈdɹaŋ/ n
okres burzy i naporu
(figuratively) Turmoil; a period of emotional intensity and anxiety.

Stuttgart /ˈstʊtɡɑː(ɹ)t/ /ˈstʌtɡɑː(ɹ)t/ /ˈʃtʊtɡɑː(ɹ)t/ pn
Stuttgart
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError:

Stymphalian bird Stymphalian birds n
Ptaki stymfalijskie
(Greek mythology) A man-eating bird with a bronze beak and sharp metallic feathers it could launch at its victims, which infested Stymphalus. They were slain by Herakles as part of his sixth Labour, who took advantage of their sensitive sense of hearing.

Styria pn
Styria
(historical) The Duchy of Styria, a duchy within the Holy Roman Empire, located in modern-day southern Austria and northern Slovenia.

Styrian adj
styryjski
Of, from or relating to Styria.

Styrian Styrians n
Styryjczyk
Someone from Styria.

Styx /stɪks/ pn
Styks
(Greek mythology) The river, in Hades, over which the souls of the dead are ferried by Charon.

Subaru /ˈsuː.bə.ruː/ [ˈsu̟w.bə.ɹu̟w] [ˈsʉw.bə.ɹʉw] Subarus pn
Subaru
A Japanese automotive manufacturer.

Subcarpathian Voivodeship pn
województwo podkarpackie
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Subscriber Identity Module Subscriber Identity Modules n
karta SIM
A component on a SIM card that stores information to identify a mobile phone user.

Suceava pn
Suczawa
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Sudak pn
Sudak
TemplateParserError:LuaError. It is located on the Black Sea coast.

Sudan /suˈdæn/ /suˈdɑn/ /suːˈdɑːn/ /sʉːˈdæn/ /sʉːˈdɐːn/ Sudans pn
Sudan
Republic of the Sudan, since 1955

Sudeten adj
sudecki
Of or pertaining to Sudeten.

Sudeten pn
Sudety
A series of mountains in Central Europe (Czech Republic, Poland, Germany).

Sudetenland pn
Kraj Sudetów Kraj Sudecki
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Sudetic /suːˈdeɪtɪk/ /suːˈdiːtɪk/ adj
sudecki
Of, from, constituting, inhabiting, or pertaining to the Sudetes or the Sudetenland.

Sudova Vyshnia pn
Sądowa Wisznia

Suez Canal pn
Kanał Sueski
TemplateParserError:LuaError linking the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea.

Sugarloaf Mountain pn
Głowa Cukru
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Sukhodilsk pn
Suchodilśk

Sukhumi /suːˈkuːmi/ /suːˈxuːmi/ pn
Suchumi
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Sukkot pn
Sukkot Święto Szałasów Kuczki Święto Namiotów
(Judaism) An ancient biblical / Israelite / Jewish festival lasting seven days, celebrating the autumn harvest and commemorating the passage through the wilderness: observed from the 15th day to the 21 day of the month of Tishrei (Tishri).

Sulawesi pn
Celebes
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Suleimanic adj
sulejmański

Sumatra /suːˈmɑːtɹə/ pn
Sumatra
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Sumerian /suˈmɛɚ.i.ən/ /suˈmɪə.ɹɪ.ən/ /səˈmɛɚ.i.ən/ /səˈmɪə.ɹɪ.ən/ adj
sumerski sumeryjski
Of, from or pertaining to Sumer.

Sumerian /suˈmɛɚ.i.ən/ /suˈmɪə.ɹɪ.ən/ /səˈmɛɚ.i.ən/ /səˈmɪə.ɹɪ.ən/ Sumerians n
Sumer Sumeryjczyk Sumeryjka
A person of Sumer.

Sumerian /suˈmɛɚ.i.ən/ /suˈmɪə.ɹɪ.ən/ /səˈmɛɚ.i.ən/ /səˈmɪə.ɹɪ.ən/ pn
sumeryjski
(linguistics) The ancient language spoken in Sumer, a language isolate.

Sumy /ˈsumi/ /ˈsuːmɪ/ pn
Obwód sumski Sumy
TemplateParserError:LuaError, on the Psel river.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Sun /sʌn/ pn
słońce Słońce
The star at the center of the Solar System (our solar system), which shines in our sky, represented in astronomy and astrology by ☉.

Sundanese /sʌndəˈniːz/ adj
sundajski
Of or pertaining to the Sundanese people.

Sundanese /sʌndəˈniːz/ Sundanese n
Sundajczyk
A member of an ethnic group in the western part of the island of Java in Indonesia, numbering approximately 42 million.

Sundanese /sʌndəˈniːz/ pn
sundajski
The language of the Sundanese people.

Sunday /ˈsʌn.deɪ/ /ˈsʌn.di/ Sundays n
niedziela
The first day of the week in many religious traditions, and the seventh day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 standard; the Christian Sabbath; the Lord's Day; it follows Saturday and precedes Monday.

Sunday driver Sunday drivers n
niedzielny kierowca
(idiomatic) One who drives slowly or inexpertly, as for leisure or sightseeing.

Sunni /ˈsʊni/ Sunnis n
sunnita
A follower of Sunni Islam.

Sunni Islam pn
sunnizm
(Islam) The largest branch of Islam, followed by around 1.7 billion people, whose adherents believe that Muhammad died without appointing a successor, leading to the election of Abu Bakr as the legitimate leader of the Muslim community.

Supreme Leader Supreme Leaders n
Najwyższy Prawnik Muzułmański Najwyższy Przywódca
The head of state and commander-in-chief of the entire armed forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran, with the authority to dismiss the Iranian president. The Supreme Leader is also the highest-ranking spiritual leader in Iran.

Suriname /ˈsʊə.ɹɪ.næm/ /ˈsʊɹ.ɪ.næm/ /ˈsʊɹ.ɪ.nɑm/ /ˌsjʊə.ɹɪˈnæm/ /ˌsʊə.ɹɪˈnæm/ /ˌsʊɹ.ɪˈnɑm/ pn
Surinam
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Surinamese /ˌsʊəɹɪnəˈmiːz/ adj
surinamski
Of, from, or pertaining to Suriname, the Surinamese people or the Surinamese language.

Surinamese /ˌsʊəɹɪnəˈmiːz/ Surinamese n
Surinamczyk Surinamka
A person from Suriname or of Surinamese descent.

Surrey /ˈsʌɹi/ pn
Surrey
An inland county of South East England bordered by Greater London, Hampshire, Kent, West Sussex, East Sussex and Berkshire.

Surzhyk pn
surżyk
A pidgin language or interlanguage combining elements of Russian and Ukrainian, spoken mainly in Ukraine but also some neighbouring regions in Russia (Kursk, Voronezh and Belgorod) or Ukrainians living in Russia.

Susan /ˈsjuː-/ /ˈsuː.zən/ /ˈsuː.zɪn/ Susans pn
Zuzanna
A en given name.

Susanna pn
Zuzanna
(biblical character) A follower of Jesus (Luke 8:3)

Sussex /ˈsʌs.əks/ Sussexes pn
Sussex
(countable) A surname.

Suva /ˈsuːvə/ pn
Suva
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Suvalkija pn
Suwalszczyzna Jaćwież
An ethnographic region of Lithuania, located in the south-west of the country.

Suwalki gap pn
korytarz suwalski przesmyk suwalski
The strip of NATO-controlled territory along the Polish–Lithuanian border, separating Russia (Kaliningrad) from its ally Belarus.

Svalbard /ˈsvɑːlbɑː(ɹ)/ /ˈsvɑːlbɑː(ɹ)d/ pn
Svalbard
A group of islands northeast of Greenland; a territory of Norway.

Svaliava pn
Swalawa
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Svan pn
swański
A South Caucasian language of Caucasian Georgia, related to Georgian, Laz, and Mingrelian.

Svarog pn
Swaróg
(Slavic mythology) the god of fire, blacksmithing, and possibly sky.

Svatove pn
Swatowe
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Svatý Kopeček pn
Svatý Kopeček
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Sverdlovsk pn
Swierdłowsk
(historical) Yekaterinburg, TemplateParserError:LuaError (from 1921 to 1991).

Svetlana pn
Swietłana Świetlana
A en given name, common in Slavic nations in which Orthodox Christianity is established.

Svetovid pn
Świętowit
The chief god of the Slavic tribe of Rani and the Polabian Slavs, ruling over war, fertility, and prosperity.

Sviatohirsk pn
Świętogórsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Svitlodarsk pn
Switłodarśk

Svitlovodsk pn
Switłowodśk

Swabian /ˈsweɪbi.ən/ more Swabian most Swabian adj
szwabski
Of or related to Swabia, its people, or its dialect of the German language.

Swabian /ˈsweɪbi.ən/ Swabians n
Szwab Szwabka
A person from Swabia.

Swabian /ˈsweɪbi.ən/ pn
szwabski
An Upper German dialects of High German chiefly spoken in the region of Swabia.

Swadesh list Swadesh lists n
Lista Swadesha
(linguistics) One of the lists of vocabulary with universal test meanings/concepts developed by Morris Swadesh in the 1950-70s.

Swahili /swɑˈhili/ /swəˈhili/ /swəˈhiːli/ pn
suahili
An agglutinative language of the Bantu branch widely spoken in East Africa. Born in its modern form from the hybridization of the Arabic and Bantu cultures, it was the language of the traders in East Africa, and spread along the routes of trade.

Swainson's thrush Swainson's thrushes n
drozdek okularowy
Catharus ustulatus, a medium-sized thrush of North America.

Swansea /ˈswɒnzi/ pn
Swansea
Various other places in the United States, Canada and Australia:

Swazi pn
suazi
A Bantu language primarily spoken in Swaziland/Eswatini and the South African regions adjacent to it.

Swaziland /ˈswɑːziˌlænd/ pn
Suazi
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Swede /swiːd/ Swedes n
Szwed Szwedka
A person from Sweden or of Swedish descent.

Sweden /ˈswi.dən/ /ˈswiː.dən/ pn
Szwecja
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Swedish /ˈswiː.dɪʃ/ adj
szwedzki
Of or pertaining to Sweden.
Of or pertaining to the Swedish language.

Swedish /ˈswiː.dɪʃ/ Swedishes pn
szwedzki
The language of Sweden and Åland (an autonomous part of Finland). Swedish is also one of the two official languages of Finland, spoken by 6% of the citizens. A very small minority in Estonia has Swedish as their mother tongue.

Swedish massage Swedish massages n
masaż szwedzki
A popular style of massage involving effleurage, petrissage, tapotement, friction, and vibration/shaking as the basic strokes.

Swedophone adj
szwedzkojęzyczny
Swedish-speaking.

Swiss /swɪs/ more Swiss most Swiss adj
szwajcarski Szwajcar
Of, from, or pertaining to Switzerland or the Swiss people.

Swiss /swɪs/ Swiss Swisses n
Szwajcar Szwajcarka
(countable) A person from Switzerland or of Swiss descent.

Swiss Army knife Swiss Army knives n
szwajcarski nóż oficerski
Any of a class of multi-function pocket knives or multitools, having a blade and various tools, such as screwdrivers and can openers.

Swiss Confederation pn
Konfederacja Szwajcarska
The full official name of Switzerland.

Swiss franc Swiss francs n
frank szwajcarski
The currency of Switzerland, divided into 100 centimes, currency code CHF.

Swiss pine Swiss pines n
sosna limba
A pine tree of the species Pinus cembra, native to alpine Europe, North Africa, and western Asia.

Swiss roll Swiss rolls n
rolada
A type of sponge cake rolled up into a cylinder, typically but not exclusively with jam or chocolate filling.

Swissness n
szwajcarskość
The quality of being Swiss.

Switzerland /ˈswɪt.sə.lənd/ /ˈswɪt.sɚ.lənd/ pn
Szwajcaria
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Sydney /ˈsɪd.ni/ Sydneys pn
Sydney
(uncountable) TemplateParserError:LuaError, now part of the amalgamated Cape Breton Regional Municipality on Cape Breton Island.

Sydney funnel-web spider Sydney funnel-web spiders n
atraks
A venomous spider, Atrax robustus, native to the greater Sydney region of eastern Australia.

Sykes's warbler Sykes's warblers n
zaganiacz afgański
Iduna rama, an Old World warbler.

Syktyvkar pn
Syktywkar
The capital city of the Komi Republic, Russia.

Sylvester /sɪlˈvɛstɚ/ pn
Sylwester
A en given name used in English since the sixteenth century.

Synelnykove pn
Synelnykowe
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Syr Darya pn
Syr-daria
TemplateParserError:LuaError, running parallel to the Amu Darya. Known in classical times as Jaxartes.

Syracusan adj
syrakuzański
Of or belonging to Syracuse, a city in Sicily, Italy, or of the city of Syracuse in central New York State.

Syracuse /ˈsɛɹəkjus/ /ˈsɪɹəkjuːz/ Syracuses pn
Syrakuzy
Syracuse University (in New York)

Syria /ˈsɪɹi.ə/ pn
Syria
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError.
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Syriac /ˈsɪɹiˌæk/ Syriacs pn
syryjski
An Aramaic language, part of the Semitic language family, specifically:

Syrian /ˈsɪɹi.ən/ adj
syryjski
Of, from, or pertaining to Syria, the Syrian people or the Syrian language.

Syrian /ˈsɪɹi.ən/ Syrians n
Syryjczyk Syryjka
A person from Syria or of Syrian descent.

Syrian Arab Republic pn
Syryjska Republika Arabska
The official name of Syria.

Szczecin pn
Szczecin
TemplateParserError:LuaError; the capital of West Pomeranian Voivodeship; Stettin.

Szczedrzyk pn
Szczedrzyk
A village in what is now Poland, what was formerly Germany.

Szeged /ˈsɛɡɛd/ pn
Segedyn
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Szlachta /ˈʃlæxta/ pn
szlachta
Nobility of Poland, and Lithuania.

Székely /ˈseɪkeɪ/ adj
seklerski
Of or pertaining to the Székely people or their dialect.

Székely /ˈseɪkeɪ/ Székely Székelys n
Sekler Seklerka
A member of a subgroup of the Hungarian people living mostly in the Székely Land in present-day Romania.

Székesfehérvár pn
Białogród Królewski Białogród Stołeczny Székesfehérvár
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

São Paulo /ˌsaʊ ˈpaʊ.loʊ/ pn
São Paulo
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

São Tomé pn
São Tomé
(sometimes, _, proscribed) Short for São Tomé and Príncipe.

São Tomé and Príncipe /ˌsaʊ təˈmeɪ ən ˈpɹɪnsɪpeɪ/ pn
Wyspy Świętego Tomasza i Książęca
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

T-bar T-bars n
orczyk wyciąg orczykowy
(skiing) A type of ski lift where skiers/snowboarders are dragged up the ski run while they slide along on their skis/snowboards on the slope. They hang onto a T-shaped bar, a crossbar handle and a lead shaft linking to the drive cable.

T-beam T-beams n
teownik
(construction, mechanical engineering) A structural member with a cross section shaped like the letter T.

T-bone steak T-bone steaks n
stek na kości
A large beef steak, containing a T-shaped bone.

T-shirt /ˈtiːʃɚt/ /ˈtiːʃɜːt/ T-shirts n
koszulka T-shirt
A lightweight shirt without buttons, usually with short sleeves and no collar. Often made of cotton and frequently bears a picture or slogan.

T-square T-squares n
przykładnica
A rule with a short perpendicular crosspiece at one end, used by draughtsmen to draw parallel lines.

TTBOMK adv
o ile mi wiadomo
(Internet slang) Initialism of to the best of my knowledge, indicating uncertainty in spite of having some knowledge on the subject.

TV guide TV guides n
magazyn telewizyjny program telewizyjny
An interactive menu-based system displaying the television schedule on the television screen.

Tabasco /təˈbæskəʊ/ n
tabasco
A spicy pepper sauce made from tabasco pepper (a chili pepper) with the addition of vinegar and salt.

Table Mountains pn
Góry Stołowe
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Tabor pn
Tabor
TemplateParserError:LuaError, Mount Tabor

Tacitus /ˈtæsɪtʊs/ pn
Tacyt
A Roman cognomen, notably borne by Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (c.56–117), a historian of ancient Rome and Marcus Claudius Tacitus (c.200–275), a Roman emperor.

Taganrog /təɡɐnˈrok/ pn
Taganrog
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Tagus /ˈteɪ.ɡəs/ pn
Tag
TemplateParserError:LuaError, the longest in Iberia.

Tahitian adj
tahitański
Of or relating to Tahiti, or to its people or language.

Tahitian Tahitians n
Tahitanka Tahitańczyk
A native or inhabitant of Tahiti.

Tahitian pn
tahitański
The Polynesian language of Tahiti.

Taichung /-t͡ʃʌŋ/ /ˈtaɪˈd͡ʒʊŋ/ /ˌtaɪˈt͡ʃʊŋ/ pn
Taizhong
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Taimyr pn
Tajmyr
A large peninsula in the Russian North that forms the northernmost part of mainland Eurasia and Asia in Krasnoyarsk kray, Russia.

Tainan pn
Tainan
TemplateParserError:LuaError, dating to the 16th century
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError

Taipei /taɪˈpeɪ/ pn
Tajpej
(metonymy) The government of the Republic of China (Taiwan). [from 20th c.]

Taiwan /ˌtaɪˈwæn/ /ˌtaɪˈwɑn/ /ˌtaɪˈwɑːn/ /ˌtaɪˈwɒn/ pn
Tajwan
A large island between the Taiwan Strait and Philippine Sea, also known as Formosa.
An administrative division centered on the island of Taiwan including nearby islands.
(astronomy) 2169 Taiwan, a main belt asteroid. [from mid 20th c.]

Taiwan Strait pn
Cieśnina Tajwańska
The strait dividing mainland Asia (China) from Taiwan island and connecting the East and South China Seas.

Taiwan field mouse Taiwan field mice n
myszarka tajwańska

Taiwanese /taɪwəˈniːz/ /ˌtaɪwɑˈniːz/ more Taiwanese most Taiwanese adj
tajwański
Of or pertaining to Taiwan.

Taj Mahal /t̪ɑd͡ʒ mɛhɛl/ /t̪ɑd͡ʒ mɛhɛl̪/ /ˌtɑːdʒ məˈhɑːl/ /ˌtɑːʒ məˈhɑːl/ pn
Tadź Mahal Tadż Mahal
A monument located in Agra, India, constructed between 1631 and 1654, considered one of the finest examples of Mughal architecture in the world.

Tajik /tæˈd͡ʒiːk/ /ˈtɑːd͡ʒɪk/ adj
tadżycki
Of, from, or pertaining to Tajikistan, the Tajik people (living in Tajikistan and Afghanistan) or the Tajiki dialect of Persian.

Tajik /tæˈd͡ʒiːk/ /ˈtɑːd͡ʒɪk/ Tajiks n
Tadżyk Tadżyjka Tadżyczka
A person from Tajikistan or of Tajik descent.

Tajik /tæˈd͡ʒiːk/ /ˈtɑːd͡ʒɪk/ pn
tadżycki
The Persian dialect spoken in Tajikistan.

Tajikistan pn
Tadżykistan
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Taliban /ˈtælɪbæn/ /ˈtælɪbɑːn/ /ˈtɑːlɪbɑːn/ Taliban Talibans n
talibowie
A Taliban militia.
talib
A member of the Taliban movement or its militia; a Talib.

Taliban /ˈtælɪbæn/ /ˈtælɪbɑːn/ /ˈtɑːlɪbɑːn/ pn
Taliban Talibowie
A Deobandi Islamist and largely Pashtun religious political movement founded in Afghanistan in 1994 by mullah Mohammad Omar, which has governed the country from 1996 to 2001 and since 2021.

Tallinn /ˈtælɪn/ /ˈtɑːlɪn/ pn
Tallinn
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Tallinner adj
talliński
Of, from, or pertaining to, Tallinn

Tallinner Tallinners n
tallinka tallińczyk
Someone from Tallinn.

Talmud /ˈtælməd/ /ˈtælmʊd/ /ˈtɑlmʊd/ Talmuds pn
Talmud
A collection of Jewish writings related to the practical application of Judaic law and tradition (may refer to either the Babylonian Talmud or the shorter Jerusalem Talmud).

Talmudic /tælˈmʊdɪk/ /tɑl-/ adj
talmudyczny
Of, or relating to the Talmud.

Talne pn
Talne
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Talossan pn
talossański
A constructed language created in 1980 by R. Ben Madison for the micronation of Talossa; autonym: Talossan.

Tamara /tɑmɑɹə/ /təmæɹə/ /təmɛɹə/ pn
Tamara
A en given name, regularly used in English since the mid-twentieth century.

Tambov pn
Tambow
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Tamerlane /ˈtæməleɪn/ /ˈtæməɹleɪn/ pn
Tamerlan
a Turco-Mongol conqueror and the founder of the Timurid Empire in Persia and Central Asia

Tamil /ˈtæməl/ /ˈtæmɪl/ adj
tamilski
Of or pertaining to the Tamil people, culture, or language.

Tamil /ˈtæməl/ /ˈtæmɪl/ Tamils n
Tamil Tamilka
(countable) A person who originates from Tamil Nadu, India or Sri Lanka.
tamilski
(uncountable) A Dravidian language spoken in the state of Tamil Nadu, India and in Sri Lanka, Singapore, Malaysia.

Tamil Tigers pn
Tamilskie Tygrysy
A former guerrilla and conventional militant organization that sought the establishment of an independent homeland () in the northeast of Sri Lanka for the minority Tamil community.

Tanakh /tɑˈnɑk/ /tɑˈnɑx/ pn
Tanach
The body of Jewish scripture comprising the Torah, the Neviim (prophets) and the Ketuvim (writings), corresponding roughly to the Christian Old Testament.

Tanganyika /tæŋɡənˈjiːkə/ /tæŋɡəˈniːkə/ pn
Tanganika
Synonym of Lake Tanganyika, a lake in Africa.
A former British mandate and territory and, between 1961 and 1964, an independent country in East Africa.

Tangut /ˈtɑŋ.ɡʊt/ more Tangut most Tangut adj
tangucki
Of or pertaining to the Tangut people, language or script.

Tangut /ˈtɑŋ.ɡʊt/ n
Tangut
Tanguci
A Qiangic people of mediaeval northern China.

Tangutologist Tangutologists n
uczona z tanguckiego uczony z tanguckiego

Tangutology n
nauka o tanguckim

Tanintharyi pn
Tanintharyi
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Tantalus /ˈtæntələs/ pn
Tantal
(Greek mythology) A Phrygian king who was condemned to remain in Tartarus, chin-deep in water, with fruit-laden branches hanging above his head; whenever he tried to drink or eat, the water and fruit receded out of reach.

Tanzania /ˌtænzəˈniːə/ pn
Tanzania
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Tanzanian /ˌtænzəˈniən/ adj
tanzański
Of, from, or pertaining to Tanzania, the Tanzanian people or language.

Tanzanian /ˌtænzəˈniən/ Tanzanians n
Tanzańczyk Tanzanka
A person from Tanzania or of Tanzanian descent.

Tao /daʊ/ /taʊ/ pn
dao tao
(Chinese, _, philosophy) In Taoism, The Way, specifically the transcendental basis of nature and, and/or the ideal way to live one's life.

Taoism /daʊɪzm̩/ /taʊɪzm̩/ Taoisms n
taoizm daoizm
A Chinese mystical philosophy traditionally founded by Lao-tzu in the 6th century B.C.E. that teaches conformity to the tao by unassertive action and simplicity.
A religion developed from Taoist philosophy and folk and Buddhist religion and concerned with obtaining long life and good fortune often by magical means.

Taoist /daʊɪst/ /taʊɪst/ more Taoist most Taoist adj
daoistyczny taoistyczny
Relating to Taoism.

Taoist /daʊɪst/ /taʊɪst/ Taoists n
taoista taoistka
A follower of Taoism.

Tarantino Tarantinos n
tarencki
(uncountable) A dialect of Neapolitan spoken in and around Taranto in Apulia.
tarentczyk tarentka
(countable) A native or inhabitant of Taranto.

Taranto /təˈɹæn.toʊ/ /ˈtæ.ɹən.təʊ/ /ˈtɛɹ.ən.toʊ/ pn
Tarent
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Tarashcha pn
Taraszcza

Taraškievica pn
taraszkiewica
A classical Belarusian orthography, also a current alternative standard.

Tartarean /tɑɹˈtɑɹ.i.ən/ Tartareans n
mieszkaniec Tartaru
A native or inhabitant of Tartarus.
A native or inhabitant of Tartary.

Tartarus pn
Tartar
(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) A dark and gloomy part of the realm of Hades, reserved for the damned and the wicked, such as the Titans; an equivalent of hell in Greek and Roman mythology.

Tartu /ˈtɑɹtu/ pn
Tartu
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Tarzan /ˈtɑɹzæn/ pn
Tarzan
(fiction) A heroic fictional character, raised in the jungle by apes.

Tarzanian more Tarzanian most Tarzanian adj
dotyczący Tarzana

Tashkent /ˌtæʃˈkɛnt/ /ˌtɑːʃˈkɛnt/ pn
Taszkent
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Tasman Sea /ˈtæzmən ˈsiː/ pn
Morze Tasmana
TemplateParserError:LuaError. It is located between Australia and New Zealand.

Tasmania /tæzˈmeɪniə/ pn
Tasmania
TemplateParserError:LuaError, consisting of one large, eponymous and several much smaller islands, off the eastern part of Australia's south coast, having its capital at Hobart.
(historical) The colony that became the state of Tasmania at federation in 1901.
TemplateParserError:LuaError comprising the majority of the state of Tasmania's land area and on which most of its inhabitants live.

Tasmanian devil Tasmanian devils n
diabeł tasmański
A medium-sized carnivorous marsupial (Sarcophilus harrisii) found exclusively on the island of Tasmania.

Tatar /ˈtætɑː(ɹ)/ /ˈtɑtɚ/ more Tatar most Tatar adj
tatarski
Of or relating to the people or culture of Tatars.

Tatar /ˈtætɑː(ɹ)/ /ˈtɑtɚ/ Tatars n
Tatar Tatarka
A person belonging to one of several Turkic, Tatar-speaking ethnic groups in Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia.

Tatar /ˈtætɑː(ɹ)/ /ˈtɑtɚ/ pn
tatarski
An agglutinative language belonging to the Altai group of Turkic languages. It is an official language of Tatarstan. There are some eight million speakers spread across Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia.

Tatarbunary pn
Tatarbunary
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Tatarstan pn
Tatarstan
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Tatary pn
Tatary
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Tatiana pn
Tacjana Tatiana
A transliteration of the Russian female given name Татья́на (Tatʹjána).

Tatra pn
Tatry
A mountain range on the border of Poland and Slovakia.

Tauragė pn
Taurogi

Taurus /ˈtɑɹəs/ /ˈtɔːɹəs/ pn
Byk
(zodiac constellations) : A constellation of the zodiac supposedly shaped like a bull and containing the star Aldebaran.
(astrology) : The zodiac sign for the bull, ruled by Venus and covering April 21 - May 21 (tropical astrology) or May 16 - June 15 (sidereal astrology).

Tavriisk pn
Tawrijśk

Taylor /ˈteɪlɚ/ pn
Krawczyk Krawiec Sznajder
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError:

Tbilisi /tə.bɪˈliː.si/ /təˈbliː.si/ /təˈbɪ.lɪ.si/ pn
Tbilisi
(by extension) The government of Georgia.

Tchaikovsky /t͡ʃaɪˈkɑfski/ pn
Czajkowski
A transliteration of the Russian surname Чайко́вский (Čajkóvskij), usually applying to Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky.

Tegucigalpa /tɛˌɡuːsiˈɡælpə/ pn
Tegucigalpa
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Tehran /ˈteəɹ.ɑːn/ /ˈtɛ.ɹæn/ pn
Teheran
(metonym) the government of Iran

Tehrani adj
teherański
Of or relating to the city of Tehran.

Tehrani Tehranis n
teheranka teherańczyk
A native or resident of the city of Tehran.

Tel Aviv /ˌtɛl.əˈviːv/ /ˌtɛl.əˈvɪv/ pn
Tel Awiw
(informally, or, formerly) The municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo.

Tel Aviv-Yafo pn
Tel Awiw-Jafa
A municipality in Israel formed by the merger of Tel Aviv and Jaffa.

Telemachus /təˈlɛməkəs/ pn
Telemach
(Greek mythology) the son of Odysseus and Penelope

Telescopium pn
Luneta
(constellation) A small faint constellation of the southern winter sky, said to resemble a telescope. It lies south of the constellation of Corona Australis.

Telesphoros pn
Telesforos
(Greek god) A god/personification of recuperation from illness or injury. He is a healer and a son of Asclepius and Epione.

Teletubby Teletubbies n
teletubiś
Any of the four color-coded robotic tubby creatures in the BBC children's television series Teletubbies.

Telugu /ˈtɛ.lʊ.ɡuː/ pn
telugu
A Dravidian language of India.

Telychian pn
Telych

Telšiai pn
Telsze
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Temminck's stint Temminck's stints n
biegus mały
A type of sandpiper, (Calidris temminckii)

Templar Templars n
templariusz
A Knight Templar, one of the Knights Templar.

Temujin pn
Temudżyn
Given name of Genghis Khan.

Ten Commandments pn
dekalog dziesięcioro przykazań dziesięć przykazań
(religion) A particular list of religious and moral imperatives which, according to the Old Testament of the Bible or the Hebrew Bible, were twice given or dictated by God to Moses on Mount Sinai and inscribed on two stone tablets.

Tenerife /ˌtɛnəˈɹiːf/ pn
Teneryfa
TemplateParserError:LuaError, the largest of the islands, capital city Santa Cruz de Tenerife.

Tengmalm's owl Tengmalm's owls n
włochatka włochatka zwyczajna
A species of owl, Aegolius funereus or Nyctala tengmalmi

Tengwar /ˈtɛŋ.ɡwɑɹ/ /ˈtɛŋ.ɡwɑː/ pn
Tengwar

Tennessee /ˌtɛn.əˈsiː/ pn
Tennessee
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Teplodar pn
Tepłodar

Teramo pn
Teramo
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Terebovlia pn
Trembowla

Teresa /təˈɹiː.sə/ /təˈɹiː.zə/ pn
Teresa
A en given name, the Spanish and Italian form of Theresa.

Ternivka pn
Terniwka Ternówka

Ternopil pn
Obwód tarnopolski Tarnopol
TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Ternopilian more Ternopilian most Ternopilian adj
tarnopolski

Ternopilian Ternopilians n
tarnopolanin tarnopolanka

Terpsichore /təpˈsɪkəɹi/ /tɚpˈsɪkəɹi/ pn
Terpsychora
(Greek god) The goddess of dance and the dramatic chorus, and one of the Muses; the daughters of Zeus & Mnemosyne.

Terracotta Army pn
Terakotowa Armia
A collection of terracotta sculptures depicting the armies of Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China, located in Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China.

Tertiary pn
trzeciorzęd
(geology) The first part of the Cenozoic era when modern flora and mammals appeared.

Teruel Teruels pn
Teruel
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
A habitational surname from Spanish.

Tetiiv pn
Tetyjów
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Tetragrammaton Tetragrammata Tetragrammatons n
tetragram
The four Hebrew letters יהוה (in transliteration, YHWH or JHVH) used as the ineffable name of God in the Hebrew Bible, variously transliterated as Yahweh or Jehovah.

Tetris /ˈtɛtɹɪs/ pn
Tetris
A puzzle video game in which falling tetrominoes must be manipulated to form complete lines, which are then cleared from the grid.

Teuton /ˈt(j)u.tɑn/ /ˈt(j)u.tən/ /ˈt(j)uː.tɒn/ /ˈt(j)uː.tən/ Teutons n
Germanin Germanka Teuton
A member of any Germanic-language-speaking people, especially a German.

Teutonic /ˌtjuːˈtɒn.ɪk/ more Teutonic most Teutonic adj
teutoński germański
Relating to the ancient Germanic people, the Teutons.

Teutonic Knights pn
Zakon Krzyżacki
A German religious order founded in the late 12th century and known for conquering the Baltic Prussians and bringing Prussia under German control; the order exists today as a charitable organisation.

Texan /ˈtɛksən/ more Texan most Texan adj
teksaski teksański
Of or pertaining to the inhabitants of the U.S. state of Texas.

Texan /ˈtɛksən/ Texans n
Teksanka Teksańczyk
A native or resident of the state of Texas in the United States of America.

Texas /ˈtɛk.səs/ /ˈtɛk.sɪs/ /ˈtɛk.sɪz/ pn
Teksas
(historical) a sovereign state in North America that existed from March 2, 1836, to February 19, 1846

Thaddaeus Thaddaeuses pn
Tadeusz
An Apostle, identified with Jude.
(rare) A en given name; usually spelled Thaddeus.

Thai /taɪ/ more Thai most Thai adj
tajski tajlandzki
Of or pertaining to Thailand.

Thai /taɪ/ Thai Thais n
Taj Tajka
(countable) A person living in or coming from Thailand.
język tajski tajski
(uncountable) The main language spoken in Thailand (closely related to Lao).

Thailand /ˈtaɪlænd/ /ˈtaɪlənd/ pn
Tajlandia
TemplateParserError:LuaError. Former name: Siam.

Thais pn
Taida Tais Taisja Tesja
A en given name.

Thales /ˈθeɪliːz/ pn
Tales
A pre-Socratic Greek philosopher from Miletus in Asia Minor.

Thalia /ˈθɑːliə/ /θəˈlaɪ.ə/ pn
Talia
(Greek god) The Muse of comedy and idyllic poetry.
(Greek god) One of the three Graces/Charites.

Thames /tɛmz/ /θeɪmz/ pn
Tamiza
TemplateParserError:LuaError flowing 24 km (15 mi.) past New London to Long Island Sound.

Thanatos /ˈθænəˌtɒs/ n
Tanatos
(psychoanalysis) The death drive in Freudian psychoanalysis.

Thanetian pn
Tanet

Thanksgiving /ˈθæŋksɡɪvɪŋ/ /θæŋksˈɡɪvɪŋ/ Thanksgivings pn
Dzień Dziękczynienia Święto Dziękczynienia
(Canada, US) The long weekend which includes Thanksgiving Day; Thanksgiving weekend.

Tharau pn
Tarowo
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError

Thatcherism pn
taczeryzm thatcheryzm
(UK politics) The political ideology attributed to the governments of British prime minister Margaret Thatcher (1979–1990), characterised by, among other things, a free market economy, privatisation, low taxation, austerity and opposition to unionisation.

Thatcherite /ˈθæt͡ʃəɹaɪt/ Thatcherites n
taczerysta taczerystka thatcherysta thatcherystka
(UK politics) An advocate of Thatcherism.

The Hague /ðə ˈheɪɡ/ pn
Haga
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
(metonym) The International Criminal Court or International Court of Justice.
(figuratively, by extension, sometimes, _, hyperbolic) Punishment for a very destructive, harmful or immoral act.

Theban adj
tebański
of or pertaining to Thebes

Thebes /θiːbz/ pn
Teby
TemplateParserError:LuaError, the capital city of Boeotia and an important political centre in antiquity.
An ancient city and archaeological site in Upper Egypt, having functioned as capital city at times during the Middle Kingdom and New Kingdom.

Thecla /θiːklə/ /θɛklə/ pn
Tekla
A en given name.

Theoderic /θiˈɑd.əɹ.ɪk/ /θiːˈɒd.əɹ.ɪk/ pn
Teodoryk
A en given name, equivalent to English grc-koi:Θευδέριχος.

Theodora pn
Teodora
A en given name, most famously borne by two empresses of Byzantium.

Theodore pn
Teodor
A en given name; the name of a saint, pope, several emperors, etc.

Theodosia pn
Teodozja
A en given name.

Theodosian more Theodosian most Theodosian adj
teodozjański

Theodosius pn
Teodozjusz
A en given name.

Theophilus /θiːˈɒfɪləs/ pn
Teofil
(biblical character) The addressee of the Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles.
A en given name; rare in English.

Theotokos /ˌθeɪoʊˈtoʊkoʊs/ /θiːˈɒtəˌkɒs/ pn
Bogarodzica Bogurodzica
(Christianity, chiefly, _, Orthodoxy) Synonym of Mary, mother of Jesus, in particular reference to her role giving birth to God.

Thermidor /ˈθɜːmɪdɔː/ /ˈθɝmədɔɹ/ Thermidors pn
thermidor
(historical) The eleventh month of the French Republican Calendar, from July 19 or 20 to August 17 or 18.

Thermopylae /θəˈmɒpɪli/ /θɚˈmɑpɪli/ pn
Termopile
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Theron /ˈθɛəɹən/ /ˈθɛɹən/ pn
Teron
Theron of Akragas (died 473 BC), a tyrant of Akragas in Sicily.

Theseus /ˈθiːsiːəs/ pn
Tezeusz
A legendary Ancient Greek hero most famous for defeating the minotaur in the labyrinth of Crete.

Thessalonian Thessalonians n
Tesaloniczanin

Thessalonians /θɛsəˈloʊni.ənz/ pn
List do Tesaloniczan
(biblical) Books in the New Testament of the Bible (1 Thessalonians and 2 Thessalonians), epistles to the Christians in ancient Thessaloniki.

Thessaloniki /ˌθɛsələˈniːki/ pn
Saloniki
TemplateParserError:LuaError, TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Thessaly /ˈθɛsəli/ pn
Tesalia
TemplateParserError:LuaError; one of its 13 peripheries. It contains the prefectures of Karditsa, Larissa, Magnesia and Trikala.

Thetis /ˈθɛtɪs/ pn
Tetyda
(Greek god) One of the Nereids; the mother of Achilles

Thimphu /tɪmˈpuː/ pn
Thimphu
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Third Reich pn
III Rzesza Trzecia Rzesza
(historical) Synonym of Nazi Germany.

Third World pn
trzeci świat Trzeci Świat
(historical, politics) Those countries not aligned with the west or the east during the Cold War.
(attributive, pejorative, informal) Any developing country, or a country lacking the perceived rudiments of civilization.

Thomas /ˈtɑ.məs/ /ˈtɒ.məs/ Thomases pn
Tomasz
An Apostle, best remembered for doubting the resurrection of Jesus.
A en given name of biblical origin, popular since the 13th century.
A common surname originating as a patronymic.

Thomism n
tomizm
(philosophy, theology) The philosophy and theology of Thomas Aquinas.

Thomson's gazelle Thomson's gazelles n
gazela Thomsona gazelopka sawannowa
A gazelle of species Eudorcas thomsonii.

Thrace /θɹeɪs/ pn
Tracja
A historical and geographic area in southeast Europe, now divided between Greece, Bulgaria and Turkey.

Thracian /ˈθɹeɪʃi.ən/ /ˈθɹeɪʃən/ adj
tracki
of or pertaining to Thrace or the Thracians or the extinct Thracian language.

Thracian /ˈθɹeɪʃi.ən/ /ˈθɹeɪʃən/ Thracians n
Trak
(countable) An inhabitant of Thrace, regardless of ethnicity.

Three Emperors' Corner pn
Trójkąt Trzech Cesarzy

Thucydides /θjuːˈsɪdɪdiːz/ pn
Tukidydes
(c. 460 BCE – c. 395 BCE) A great ancient Greek historian and author of the History of the Peloponnesian War, which recounts the 5th century BCE war between Sparta and Athens to the year 411 BCE.

Thumbelina /ˌθʌmbəˈliːnə/ pn
Calineczka Calinka Calóweczka Dziecię elfów Odrobinka Paluszka
A fairy tale about a thumb-sized girl.

Thurgau pn
Turgowia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Thuringia /θəˈɹɪnd͡ʒiə/ pn
Turyngia
One of the component states of Germany according to the current administrative division of the nation.

Thuringian /θjʊˈɹɪn.d͡ʒi.ən/ /θəˈɹɪn.d͡ʒi.ən/ more Thuringian most Thuringian adj
turyngeński
Of or pertaining to Thuringia or its people

Thuringian /θjʊˈɹɪn.d͡ʒi.ən/ /θəˈɹɪn.d͡ʒi.ən/ Thuringians n
Turynka Turyńczyk
A native or inhabitant of Thuringia.

Thursday /ˈθɘːzdæɪ̯/ /ˈθɜːzdeɪ/ /ˈθɜːzdi/ /ˈθɝzdeɪ/ /ˈθɝzdi/ /ˈθɵːzdæe/ Thursdays n
czwartek
The fifth day of the week in many religious traditions, and the fourth day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 norm; it follows Wednesday and precedes Friday.

Tiachiv pn
Tiaczów
TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Tian Shan /ˌtjɛn ˈʃɑːn/ pn
Tien-szan Tienszan
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Tiananmen Square pn
Plac Niebiańskiego Spokoju Plac Tian'anmen
A protest event held in the square on June 4, 1989.

Tiber /ˈtaɪbə/ /ˈtaɪbəɹ/ pn
Tyber
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Tiberias /taɪˈbɪəɹi.æs/ pn
Tyberiada
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Tiberius /taɪˈbɪəɹ.i.əs/ /tɪˈbɛɹiʊs/ Tiberiuses pn
Tyberiusz
(historical) A en given name of mostly historical use, in particular, the praenomen of the second Roman emperor Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus, reigning 14-37 C.E..

Tibet /təˈbɛt/ /tɪˈbɛt/ pn
Tybet
The Tibetan Plateau, a plateau region in Central Asia, where the Tibetan people traditionally live, encompassing what is now Tibet Autonomous Region (also called Xizang), most of Qinghai, the western half of Sichuan, a small part of Yunnan and a small part of Gansu in the People's Republic of China, and also the country of Bhutan, and the Indian regions of Sikkim and Ladakh.

Tibetan /tɪˈbɛtn̩/ adj
tybetański
Pertaining to Tibet, the Tibetan people, culture, or language.

Tibetan /tɪˈbɛtn̩/ Tibetans n
Tybetańczyk
(countable) A native of Tibet
Tybetańczyk (język) tybetański tybetański
(uncountable) A language of Tibet

Tibetan Mastiff Tibetan Mastiffs n
mastyf tybetański
A large dog of a breed from Central Asia, having a medium to long double coat in a wide variety of colors, sometimes with white markings around neck, chest, and legs.

Tibetan fox Tibetan foxes n
lis tybetański
Vulpes ferrilata, a species of true fox endemic to the high Tibetan Plateau in Nepal, China, and India

Tierra del Fuego /tiˌɛɹə dɛl ˈfweɪɡoʊ/ /tɪˌɛːɹə dɛl ˈfweɪɡəʊ/ pn
Ziemia Ognista
An island at the southern tip of South America, divided between Chile and Argentina.

Tiflis pn
Tyflis
(obsolete) Tbilisi, TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Tigger /ˈtɪɡə/ /ˈtɪɡɚ/ Tiggers n
Tygrysek
An overly enthusiastic or energetic person, often characterized by bouncing.

Tigris /ˈtaɪɡɹɪs/ pn
Tygrys
A river in Southwest Asia flowing 1,150 miles east-southeast from the Armenian Highland in Turkey through Iraq. It forms the eastern edge of classical Mesopotamia. It unites with the Euphrates River to form the Shatt al-Arab before flowing into the Persian Gulf.

Tijuanan /tiˈhwɑnən/ /tɪˈ(h)wɑːnən/ adj
tijuański
Of, from, or pertaining to, Tijuana.

TikToker TikTokers n
tiktoker tiktokerka
(social media) A user of the video-sharing app TikTok, especially one who creates videos.

Tilsit n
Tylża ser tylżycki
A light-yellow semihard smear-ripened cheese of East Prussian origin.

Timișoara /ˌtimiˈʃwɑɹɑ/ pn
Temeszwar Timiszoara
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Timon /ˈtaɪmən/ pn
Tymon

Timor Sea pn
Morze Timor
A sea situated between the island of Timor and Australia.

Timothy /ˈtɪməθi/ pn
List do Tymoteusza Tymoteusz
Either of two books in the New Testament (1 Timothy and 2 Timothy) which are epistles to Timothy.
Tymoteusz List do Tymoteusza
A companion of Paul mentioned in the Bible.
Tymoteusz
A en given name of biblical origin, also borne by early Christian saints.

Tippex n
korektor
(British, South Africa) A particular brand of correction fluid, or correction fluid in general.

Tirana /tɪˈɹɑː.nə/ pn
Tirana
TemplateParserError:LuaError; it is the seat of its eponymous county and municipality.

Tiranan adj
tirański
Of, from, or pertaining to Tirana.

Tiranan Tiranans n
tiranka tirańczyk
Someone from Tirana.

Tiraspol pn
Tyraspol
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Tishrei pn
tiszri
(Judaism) The first month of the civil year and the seventh month of the ecclesiastical year in the Jewish calendar, after Elul and before Cheshvan.

Tisiphone pn
Tyzyfone
(Greek god, Roman god) One of the Erinyes/Dirae (Furies, the goddesses of vengeance), and a companion of Nemesis/Invidia.

Tisza pn
Cisa
TemplateParserError:LuaError, mainly flowing through Hungary and Serbia.

Tiszabecs pn
Tiszabecs

Titan /ˈtaɪtən/ Titans n
tytan
(mythology) Any of the race of giant gods in Greek mythology that preceded and was overthrown by the Olympian gods.

Titan /ˈtaɪtən/ pn
Tytan
(astronomy) TemplateParserError:LuaError. The largest moon of the planet Saturn.

Titanic /taɪˈtænɪk/ more Titanic most Titanic adj
tytaniczny
(comparable) Having great size, or great force, power, or strength.

Titanomachy /ˌtaɪtəˈnɒməki/ pn
tytanomachia
(Greek mythology) The mythological war between the Titans and the Olympian gods.

Tithonian pn
tyton
(geology, paleontology) A geological age or stage, from 152.1 ±0.9 to ~145.0 mya.

Titian /ˈtɪʃən/ pn
Tycjan
A sixteenth century Italian painter, Tiziano Vecellio.

Titianesque /tɪʃəˈnɛsk/ more Titianesque most Titianesque adj
tycjanowski
Suggesting the style of the painter Titian, with luminous colours and bold brushwork.

Titus /ˈtaɪtəs/ pn
List do Tytusa Tytus
The seventeenth book of the New Testament of the Bible, the epistle to Titus.
Tytus List do Tytusa
Titus Caesar Vespasianus, a Roman Emperor who succeeded Vespasian and preceded Domitian.
A en given name.

Tlemcen /ˈtlɛmsɛn/ pn
Tilimsan
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Tlumach pn
Tłumacz
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Toarcian pn
toark

Tobago /təˈbeɪ.ɡəʊ/ pn
Tobago
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Tobias /təˈbaɪəs/ pn
Tobiasz
The main character in the Book of Tobit, regarded as apocryphal by most Protestants (Biblical character).
A en given name.

Tobit pn
Księga Tobiasza Księga Tobita
(biblical character) A book of the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox canon of the Old Testament, considered apocryphal by Protestants.
Tobiasz
(rare) A en given name.

Tocharian /toʊˈkɑɹi.ən/ /toʊˈkɛɹi.ən/ /təuˈkɑːɹi.ən/ /təuˈkɛəɹi.ən/ adj
tocharski
Of or pertaining to Tocharian or the Tocharians.

Togo /ˈtoʊɡoʊ/ pn
Togo
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
A surname.

Togolese adj
togijski
Of, from, or pertaining to Togo or its people.

Togolese Togolese n
Togijczyk Togijka
A person from Togo or of Togolese descent.

Tokelau /ˈtoʊkəlaʊ/ pn
Tokelau
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Tokmak pn
Tokmak
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Tokmok pn
Tokmok
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Tokyo /ˈtoʊ.ki.oʊ/ /ˈtoʊ.kjoʊ/ /ˈtəʊ.ki.əʊ/ pn
Tokio
(metonym) The Japanese government.

Tokyoite more Tokyoite most Tokyoite adj
tokijski
Of or relating to Tokyo, the capital of Japan.

Tokyoite Tokyoites n
tokijczyk tokijka
An inhabitant or native of Tokyo.

Tolkien /ˈtɒlkiːn/ Tolkiens pn
Tolkien
(countable) A surname.

Tolyatti /toʊlˈjɑti/ /tɒˈljatɪ/ /tɔlˈjɑti/ /ˌtɒlɪˈatɪ/ pn
Togliatti
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Tom Thumb pn
Paluszek Tomcio Paluch
A fairy-tale character who is the size of a person's thumb; the protagonist and hero of the fairy tale The History of Tom Thumb.

Tomsk pn
Tomsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Tonga /ˈtoʊŋ.ə/ /ˈtɑŋ.ɡə/ /ˈtɒŋ.ə/ /ˈtɒŋ.ɡə/ /ˈtɔŋ.ɡə/ pn
Tonga
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Tongan /ˈtɒŋən/ /ˈtɒŋɡən/ adj
tongijski
Of, from, or pertaining to Tonga, the Tongan people or the Tongan language.

Tongan /ˈtɒŋən/ /ˈtɒŋɡən/ Tongans n
Tongijczyk Tongijka
(countable) A person from Tonga or of Tongan descent.

Tony /ˈtoʊni/ /ˈtəʊni/ pn
Antek
A en given name, a short form of Anthony/Antony
A en given name

Torah /ˈtɔːɹə/ pn
Tora
The first five books of the Hebrew Scriptures, attributed to Moses and therefore also known as the Five Books of Moses.

Toretsk pn
Torećk

Toronto /təˈɹɑn(t)oʊ/ /təˈɹɑnoʊ/ [tʰəˈɹɑntʰo(ʊ)] [tʰəˈɹɑɾ̃o(ʊ)] [tʰəˈɹɑɾ̃ə] [tʰɹɑɾ̃ə] [t͡ʃəˈɹɑno(ʊ)] [t͡ʃəˈɹɑnə] [t͡ʃɹɑno(ʊ)] [t͡ʃɹɑnə] pn
Toronto
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError, named after Toronto, Ontario.
TemplateParserError:LuaError, named after Toronto, Ontario.
TemplateParserError:LuaError, named after Toronto, Ontario.
TemplateParserError:LuaError, named after Toronto, Ontario.

Torres Strait /ˈtɒɹɪs ˈstɹeɪt/ pn
Cieśnina Torresa
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Tortonian pn
torton

Toruń /ˈtoʊruːn/ /ˈtɒrʊnjə/ /ˈtɔːruːn(jə)/ pn
Toruń
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Toulon /tuːˈlɒn/ pn
Tulon
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Tourette syndrome n
zespół Tourette'a
(neurology) a neurological disorder characterized by the presence of physical and vocal tics.

Tower of Babel pn
wieża Babel
(biblical) A tower erected at Babel by the descendants of Noah's son Ham to reach the sky, and whose completion God thwarted by making the workers speak different languages so that they were unable to understand one another.

Tower of London pn
Tower Tower of London
A riverside fortress in London, used as a palace, a prison and now a museum housing the Crown Jewels.

Toyota /taɪˈoʊtə/ /tɔɪˈoʊtə/ /tɔɪˈəʊtə/ [taɪ̯ˈoʊ̯ɾə] [tɔɪ̯ˈoʊ̯ɾə] Toyotas n
toyota
(automotive) A car of the brand Toyota

Toyota /taɪˈoʊtə/ /tɔɪˈoʊtə/ /tɔɪˈəʊtə/ [taɪ̯ˈoʊ̯ɾə] [tɔɪ̯ˈoʊ̯ɾə] Toyotas pn
Toyota
(automotive) The Toyota Motor Corporation, a Japanese manufacturer of cars.

Trajan /ˈtɹeɪ.d͡ʒən/ pn
Trajan
A Roman emperor who ruled from AD 98 to 117

Trans-Siberian adj
transsyberyjski
across Siberia, a vast region in the eastern Russia.

Transdanubia pn
Kraj Zadunajski
TemplateParserError:LuaError, bounded by the Danube river (north and east), the Drava and Mura rivers (south), and the foothills of the Alps roughly along the border between Hungary and Austria (west).

Transfiguration pn
Przemienienie Pańskie Transfiguracja
(Christianity) An annual feast day, observed on August 6th (Gregorian) or 19th (Julian), celebrating the miracle when the face of Jesus "shone like the sun" before the apostles.

Transnistria /tɹænzˈnɪsˌtɹi.ə/ pn
Naddniestrze
An autonomous territory within Moldova, not internationally recognized as a nation.

Transnistrian adj
naddniestrzański
From, or pertaining to, Transnistria or its people or culture.

Transylvania /tɹænsəlˈveɪni.ə/ pn
Siedmiogród Transylwania
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Trapani pn
Trapani
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Trasyanka pn
trasianka
A pidgin language or interlanguage combining elements of Russian and Belarusian, spoken in Belarus.

Tremadocian n
Tremadok

Trento /ˈtɹɛntoʊ/ pn
Trydent
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
(rare) TemplateParserError:LuaError

Triangulum pn
Trójkąt
(constellation) An autumn constellation of the northern sky whose brightest three stars form a small triangle. The constellation lies near Perseus, between Aries and Andromeda.

Triangulum Australe pn
Trójkąt Południowy
(constellation) A winter constellation of the southern sky, which has three bright stars that form a triangle. It lies north of the constellation Apus, between Ara and Circinus.

Triassic /tɹaɪˈæs.ɪk/ adj
triasowy
Of or from the geologic strata above the Permian and below the Jurassic; of or belonging to the period 250 to 200 million years ago when these strata were laid down.

Triassic /tɹaɪˈæs.ɪk/ pn
trias Trias
(geology) A geologic period within the Mesozoic era, comprising lower, middle and upper epochs from about 250 to 200 million years ago.

Tricity /ˌtɹaɪˈsɪti/ pn
Trójmiasto
A metropolitan area of Poland consisting of the three cities Gdańsk, Gdynia and Sopot

Tridentine /tɹaɪˈdɛntaɪn/ /tɹɪˈdɛntaɪn/ /ˈtɹɪdəntin/ more Tridentine most Tridentine adj
trydencki
(Catholicism) Pertaining to the form of Mass promulgated at the Council of Trent, often called the Tridentine Mass.

Trier Triers pn
Trewir
A habitational surname from German.

Trieste /tɹiːˈɛst/ /tɹɪˈɛst/ pn
Triest
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError, the capital of the province.

Trinidad and Tobago /ˌtɹɪn.ə.dæd ænd təˈbeɪ.ɡoʊ/ /ˌtɹɪn.ə.dæd ænd təˈbeɪ.ɡəʊ/ /ˌtɹɪn.ɪ.dæd ænd toʊˈbeɪ.ɡoʊ/ /ˌtɹɪn.ɪ.dæd ænd təʊˈbeɪ.ɡəʊ/ pn
Trynidad i Tobago
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Trinity /ˈtɹɪ.nɪ.ti/ pn
Trójca Święta trójca
(Christianity) In Christian belief, the three persons (personae) of the Godhead: Father, Son and Holy Spirit.

Trinity Sunday Trinity Sundays pn
Święto Trójcy Świętej
The Sunday after Whitsunday/Pentecost in the Western Christian tradition (or the Sunday of Pentecost in the Eastern Christian tradition), observed as a liturgical feast in honor of the Holy Trinity.

Tripoli /tɹɪˈpoʊlə/ /ˈtɹɪpəli/ pn
Trypolis
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError. Former name: Tripolis.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Triton /ˈtɹaɪtən/ pn
Tryton
(Greek god) A god of the sea, son of Poseidon.
(astronomy) The seventh moon of Neptune.

Trojan /ˈtɹoʊd͡ʒən/ /ˈtɹəʊd͡ʒən/ adj
trojański
Of, or relating to, the famed city of Troy or its inhabitants.

Trojan War pn
wojna trojańska
(Greek mythology) A mythological decade-long war and siege, ending in the destruction of Troy, which, as described in Homer's Iliad, was waged by a coalition of Achaeans (Greeks) led by King Agamemnon against the Trojans to avenge the abduction of Helen, wife of the Spartan King Menelaus, by Paris, son of the Trojan King Priam.

Trojan horse Trojan horses n
koń trojański
(by extension) A subversive person or device placed within the ranks of the enemy.
(computer security) A malicious program that is disguised as legitimate software.

Trojan horse pn
koń trojański
(Greek mythology) The hollow wooden horse by which the Greeks allegedly gained access to Ilium/Troy during the Trojan War.

Tromsø pn
Tromsø
TemplateParserError:LuaError. The eighth-largest city in Norway.

Tropic of Cancer pn
zwrotnik Raka
(geography) The parallel of latitude 23°30′north of the equator, marking the northern boundary of the tropics; the sun is directly overhead at the June solstice.

Tropic of Capricorn pn
zwrotnik Koziorożca
(geography) The parallel of latitude 23°30′south of the equator, marking the southern boundary of the tropics; the sun is directly overhead at the December solstice.

Trostianets pn
Trościaniec
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Trotsky pn
Trocki
A surname.

Trotskyism n
trockizm
The left-wing political philosophy named after and based on the ideas of Leon Trotsky that is characterized by international socialism, opposition to Stalinism, the theory of permanent revolution and the theory of the vanguard party.

Trotskyite Trotskyites n
trockista trockistka
(derogatory) An advocate of the communist doctrines of Leon Trotsky (born Lev Davidovich Bronstein).

Troy /tɹɔɪ/ pn
Troja
(historical) An ancient city in what is now northwestern Turkey.

Trump /tɹʌmp/ Trumps pn
Trump
A surname from German.

Trumpeldor pn
Trumpeldor
A surname.

Truskavets pn
Truskawiec
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Tskhinvali /ˈtskɪnvali/ pn
Cchinwali
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Tuareg /ˈtwɑɹ.ɛɡ/ /ˈtwɑː.ɹɛɡ/ Tuareg Tuaregs n
Tuareg
A member of a traditionally nomadic Berber people of the Sahara.

Tuareg /ˈtwɑɹ.ɛɡ/ /ˈtwɑː.ɹɛɡ/ pn
tuareski
Any of various Berber languages spoken by the Tuareg people.

Tube pn
londyńskie metro
(informal) The London Underground

Tucana pn
Tukan
(constellation) A spring constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a toucan. It lies south of the constellations Phoenix and Grus.

Tuesday /ˈt(j)uzdeɪ/ /ˈt(j)uzdi/ /ˈtjuːzd(e)ɪ/ /ˈt͡ʃuːzd(e)ɪ/ /ˈt͡ʃʉːzdæe/ Tuesdays n
wtorek
The third day of the week in many religious traditions, and the second day of the week in systems that use the ISO 8601 norm; it follows Monday and precedes Wednesday.

Tula pn
Tuła
TemplateParserError:LuaError, 165 km south of Moscow.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Tulchyn pn
Tulczyn
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Tungusic /tʊŋˈɡʊsɪk/ adj
tunguski
Of or pertaining to these languages or their speakers.

Tunis /ˈtjuːnɪs/ /ˈtuːnəs/ pn
Tunis
Tunis Governorate, TemplateParserError:LuaError, which includes the capital.
A city-state centered on the city of Tunis.

Tunisia /tjuːˈnɪzi.ə/ /tuˈniʒ.ə/ pn
Tunezja
The Republic of Tunisia, since 1956

Tunisian /tjuːˈnɪzi.ən/ /tuːˈnɪzi.ən/ /tuːˈnɪʒən/ adj
tunezyjski
Of, from, or pertaining to Tunisia, the Tunisian people or the Tunisian language.

Tunisian /tjuːˈnɪzi.ən/ /tuːˈnɪzi.ən/ /tuːˈnɪʒən/ Tunisians n
Tunezyjczyk Tunezyjka
A person from Tunisia or of Tunisian descent.

Turin /tjʊəˈɹɪn/ /təˈɹɪn/ Turins pn
Turyn
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
Other places:
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
(countable) A surname.

Turinese adj
turyński
of or relating to Turin in Italy

Turinese Turinese n
turynka turyńczyk
a person from Turin

Turk /tɜːk/ /tɝk/ Turks n
Turek Turczynka
A person from Turkey or of Turkish ethnic descent. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

Turka pn
Turka
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Turkestan /ˈtɜɹkɪˌstæn/ /ˌtɜɹkɪˈstæn/ /ˌtɜː(ɹ)kɪˈstɑːn/ pn
Turkiestan
(historical) The regions of Central Asia lying between Siberia to the north; Tibet (Xizang) and Xinjiang, China, modern-day Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Iran to the south; the Gobi Desert to the east; and the Caspian Sea to the west.

Turkey /ˈtɜː.ki/ /ˈtɝ.ki/ pn
Turcja
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Turkey oak Turkey oaks n
dąb burgundzki
Quercus cerris, native to Asia Minor and southeastern Europe.

Turkic adj
turkijski
Of or relating to this language group or the people who speak it.

Turkification n
turkizacja
Making something more Turkish; assimilation (of a place, people etc) into a Turkic states or culture; introduction of Turks to an institution etc.

Turkish /ˈtɜː.kɪʃ/ /ˈtɝ.kɪʃ/ [ˈtɐ˞.kɪʃ] [ˈtɚ.kɪʃ] adj
turecki
Of, from, or pertaining to Turkey, the Turkish people or the Turkish language.

Turkish /ˈtɜː.kɪʃ/ /ˈtɝ.kɪʃ/ [ˈtɐ˞.kɪʃ] [ˈtɚ.kɪʃ] pn
turecki
The official language of Turkey, Republic of Cyprus (alongside Greek) and Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.

Turkish coffee Turkish coffees n
kawa po turecku
Coffee prepared by boiling finely powdered roast coffee beans in a pot, possibly with sugar, and serving it into a cup, where the dregs settle.

Turkish delight Turkish delights n
rachatłukum
A soft, sticky confection made from starch and sugar with various flavourings.

Turkism Turkisms n
turcyzm
(linguistics) A Turkish word, or a Turkish-derived word, used in a language not related to Turkish.

Turkmen /ˈtɜːk.mən/ /ˈtɝk.mən/ adj
turkmeński
Of, from, or pertaining to Turkmenistan, the Turkmen people or the Turkmen language.

Turkmen /ˈtɜːk.mən/ /ˈtɝk.mən/ Turkmen Turkmens n
Turkmen Turkmenka
(countable) A person from Turkmenistan or of Turkmen descent.

Turkmenistan /tɚkˈmɛn.ɪ.stæn/ /ˌtɜːkmɛn.ɪˈstɑːn/ pn
Turkmenistan
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Turkological adj
turkologiczny
Of or relating to the study of Turkey or the Turkish language.

Turkologist Turkologists n
turkolog
A scholar specializing in the languages, history or cultures of Turkic peoples, including for example Turkish, Kazakh, Uzbek, Azerbaijani, Kyrgyz, Uyghur, Tuvan, Altai, Shor, and Karakalpak.

Turkology n
turkologia
The study of the languages, history or culture of Turkic peoples.

Turks and Caicos Islands /ˈtɜː(ɹ)ks ən ˈkeɪkəs ˌaɪləndz/ pn
Turks i Caicos
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Turner syndrome n
zespół Turnera
(medicine, medical genetics) A particular genetic condition, caused by partially or completely missing an X chromosome (monosomy), that leads to sterility and other issues.

Tuscany /ˈtʌskəni/ pn
Toskania
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Tutankhamun /ˌtu.tæŋˈkɑ.mən/ /ˌtu.tɑŋˈkɑ.mən/ /ˌtutn̩ˈkɑmən/ /ˌtuːtənˈkɑːmən/ pn
Tutanchamon
Ancient Egyptian pharaoh known for his young age and his tomb, which was preserved intact to the modern age.

Tuva /ˈtuːvə/ pn
Tuwa
A republic of the Russian Federation in southern Siberia.

Tuvalu /tuˈvɑ.lu/ /tʉːˈvɐːlʉː/ /ˈtu.və.lu/ /ˈtuː.və.luː/ pn
Tuvalu Tuwalu
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Tuvaluan /tuːˈvɑluːən/ adj
tuwalski
Of, from, or pertaining to Tuvalu, the Tuvaluan people or the Tuvaluan language.

Tuvan /ˈtuːvən/ more Tuvan most Tuvan adj
tuwański
Of, from, or pertaining to Tuva or its people or culture.

Tuvan /ˈtuːvən/ Tuvans n
Tuwanka Tuwańczyk
Someone from Tuva.

Tuvan /ˈtuːvən/ pn
tuwański
A Turkic language spoken around the area of Tuva.

Tuzla pn
Tuzla
TemplateParserError:LuaError, located in the northeastern part of the country.

Tver pn
Twer
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError, northwest of Moscow.

Tweedle-dee pn
Dyludyludi
A fictional little fat man who is the twin brother of Tweedle-dum and appears in multiple artistic works, including certain nursery rhymes and Lewis Carroll's Through the Looking-Glass.

Tweedle-dum pn
Dyludyludam
A fictional little fat man who is the twin brother of Tweedle-dee and appears in multiple artistic works, including certain nursery rhymes and Lewis Carroll's Through the Looking-Glass.

Twitter /ˈtwɪt.ə(ɹ)/ [ˈtʰw̥ɪɾɚ] pn
Twitter
(trademark) (since 2023), an online social networking service that enables users to send and read short messages (280 characters; originally 140).

Tychonoff cube Tychonoff cubes n
kostka Tichonowa
A topological space which is a product of infinitely many closed intervals.

Typhon /ˈtaɪfɒn/ /ˈtaɪfən/ pn
Tyfon
(Greek mythology) The most powerful and feared of all Greek monsters, having the head, arms, and torso of a man, and his bottom half consisting of countless dragons or serpents. Some stories also say that his hands ended in serpents and that he bears 100 heads. He is shrouded in giant wings, his eyes blaze a white fire, and his arms reach towards the stars.

Tyr pn
Tyr
(Norse mythology) The Norse god of war, identifiable with Tiu or Tiw.

Tyrannosaurus rex /taɪˌɹænəˈsɔːɹəs ˈɹɛks/ /təˌɹænəˈsɔːɹəs ˈɹɛks/ Tyrannosauri reges Tyrannosaurus rex Tyrannosaurus rexes n
tyranozaur
A giant carnivorous theropod dinosaur from the Cretaceous period.

Tyre /ˈtaɪə(ɹ)/ pn
Tyr
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError An ancient sea port and city state of Phoenicia, in present-day Lebanon.

Tyrian Tyrians n
Tyryjczyk Tyryjka
Person from Tyre.

Tyrol /taɪˈɹoʊl/ /tɪˈɹoʊl/ /ˈtaɪ.ɹoʊl/ /ˈtɪɹˌoʊl/ pn
Tyrol
TemplateParserError:LuaError that includes the Austrian state of the same name and the Italian regions of South Tyrol and Trentino.

Tyrrhenian Sea pn
Morze Tyrreńskie
A part of the Mediterranean Sea off the western coast of Italy, bounded by Corsica and Sardinia (west), Tuscany, Lazio, Campania, and Calabria (east), and Sicily (south).

Tyrtaeus pn
Tyrtajos Tyrteusz
An Ancient Greek name, particularly borne by a Greek elegiac poet who lived at Sparta about the middle of the 7th century BC.

Tysmenytsia pn
Tyśmienica
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Tyumen pn
Tiumeń
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Tétouan pn
Tetuan
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Tórshavn pn
Thorshavn
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Tübingen /ˈt(j)uːbɪŋən/ pn
Tybinga
TemplateParserError:LuaError, on the Neckar, with a famous university; once capital of Würtemberg-Hohenzollern

Třinec pn
Trzyniec
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

UAV UAVs n
bezpilotowiec bezzałogowiec bezzałogowy statek powietrzny dron
(aviation) Initialism of unmanned aerial vehicle; an unpiloted aircraft capable of controlled, sustained, level flight.

UEFA /juˈeɪfə/ pn
UEFA
Acronym of Union of European Football Associations.

UFO /ˈjufoʊ̯/ /ˈjuːfəʊ̯/ /ˈʌfoʊ̯/ /ˌjuˌɛfˈoʊ/ /ˌjuːɛfˈəʊ/ UFOs n
NOL UFO
Initialism of unidentified flying object; (loosely) an alien spacecraft. [from 20th c.]

UN pn
ONZ
Initialism of United Nations.

UN Security Council pn
Rada Bezpieczeństwa ONZ
The permanent international peacekeeping organ of the United Nations.

UNESCO /juːˈnɛskoʊ/ pn
UNESCO
Acronym of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

UPS UPSes n
UPS
(electronics) Initialism of uninterruptible power supply/source

US /juː.ɛs/ pn
St.Zj.
Initialism of United States.

US Virgin Islands pn
Wyspy Dziewicze Stanów Zjednoczonych
A group of islands in the Caribbean that is a territory of the United States. Official name: Virgin Islands of the United States.

USA /juː ɛs ˈeɪ/ /ˌju ˌɛs ˈeɪ/ pn
USA
(colloquial) Initialism of United States of America.

USSR /ˌju.ɛs.ɛsˈɑ(ɹ)/ pn
ZSRR
Initialism of Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
USRR
Initialism of Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.

UXO UXOs n
niewybuch

Udi pn
udyjski
A Lezgic language (Northeast Caucasian) spoken by the Udi people who live mostly in Azerbaijan and nearby regions. Probably descended from Caucasian Albanian.

Udine pn
Udine
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Udmurt adj
udmurcki
Of or pertaining to Udmurts, Udmurtia, or the Udmurt language.

Udmurt Udmurt Udmurts n
Udmurta Udmurtka Udmurtyjka
A member of the people inhabiting Udmurtia or speaking Udmurt.

Udmurt pn
udmurcki
A Finnic language spoken in Udmurtia, a republic of Russia.

Udmurtia pn
Udmurcja
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Ufa /ˈjuːfə, uːˈfɑː/ pn
Ufa
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Uganda /(j)uˈɡændə/ /(j)uˈɡɑːndə/ pn
Uganda
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Ugandan /juˈɡændən/ /juːˈɡændən/ /jʊ-/ adj
ugandyjski
Of, from, or pertaining to Uganda, the Ugandan people or the Ugandan language.

Ugandan /juˈɡændən/ /juːˈɡændən/ /jʊ-/ Ugandans n
Ugandyjczyk Ugandyjka
A person from Uganda or of Ugandan descent.

Ugaritic /ˌjuː.ɡəˈrɪ.tɪk/ /ˌuː.ɡəˈrɪ.tɪk/ adj
ugarycki
Of or pertaining to the ancient city or language of Ugarit.

Ugaritic /ˌjuː.ɡəˈrɪ.tɪk/ /ˌuː.ɡəˈrɪ.tɪk/ pn
ugarycki
The Northwest Semitic language of the ancient city of Ugarit in Syria. Extinct since 1100 B.C.E., it was written in cuneiform.

Ugric /ˈjuːɡrɪk/ /ˈuːɡrɪk/ adj
ugryjski
Of or pertaining to a group of languages that includes Hungarian, Khanty and Mansi.

Uhniv pn
Uhnów
TemplateParserError:LuaError

UkSSR pn
USRR
Initialism of Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.

Ukmergė pn
Wiłkomierz
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Ukraine /juˈkɹeɪn/ /juːˈkɹeɪn/ /ˈjuˌkɹeɪn/ /ˈjuːˌkɹeɪn/ [ju̟ˈkɹeɪ̯n] [ˈjuˌkɹeɪ̯n] pn
Ukraina
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Ukrainian /juˈkɹeɪ.ni.ən/ /juːˈkɹeɪ.nɪ.ən/ /jʊ-/ adj
ukraiński
Relating to Ukraine or its people.

Ukrainian /juˈkɹeɪ.ni.ən/ /juːˈkɹeɪ.nɪ.ən/ /jʊ-/ Ukrainians n
Ukrainiec Ukrainka ukraiński
A citizen of Ukraine or a person of Ukrainian ethnicity.

Ukrainian /juˈkɹeɪ.ni.ən/ /juːˈkɹeɪ.nɪ.ən/ /jʊ-/ pn
ukraiński język ukraiński
The East Slavic language of Ukrainians, and the official language of Ukraine.

Ukrainian People's Republic pn
Ukraińska Republika Ludowa
The first state of Ukraine (1917–20). Government in exile (1921 - 1991)

Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic pn
Ukraińska Socjalistyczna Republika Radziecka
(historical) The Bolshevik state of Ukraine (1919–91), a constituent republic of the Soviet Union (1922–91).

Ukrainianism Ukrainianisms n
ukrainizm
(linguistics) A word or phrase characteristic of Ukrainians.

Ukrainianness n
ukraińszczyzna
The quality of being Ukrainian.

Ukrainization Ukrainizations n
ukrainizacja
The process or result of Ukrainizing.

Ukrainka pn
Ukrajinka

Ukrainophobia n
ukrainofobia
The fear, hostility or prejudice towards Ukrainians or Ukraine.

Ukrainophone Ukrainophones n
ukraińskojęzyczny
One who speaks Ukrainian.

Ukrainsk pn
Ukraińsk Ukrajinśk
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Ulaanbaatar /ˌuːlɑːn ˈbɑːtə(ɹ)/ pn
Ułan Bator
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Ulan-Ude pn
Ułan Ude
The capital city of Buryatia, Russia.

Ulric /ʊl.ɹɪk/ pn
Ulryk
A en given name

Ulrica pn
Ulryka
A en given name, rare in English.

Uluru /uːluˈɹuː/ /ˈuːluɹuː/ pn
Uluru
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Ulyanovsk /ʊlˈjɑːnɒfsk/ pn
Uljanowsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError, on the Volga river. Birthplace of Vladimir Lenin (born Ulyanov).

Uman pn
Humań
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Umbri n
Umbri
(historical) An Italic tribe of ancient Italy.

Umbria /ˈʊmbɹiə/ /ˈʌmbɹiə/ pn
Umbria
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Umbrian /ˈʌmbɹi.ən/ adj
umbryjski
Relating to Umbria or to its inhabitants or extinct language.

Umbrian /ˈʌmbɹi.ən/ Umbrians n
Umbryjczyk Umbryjka
An inhabitant of Umbria.

Umbrian /ˈʌmbɹi.ən/ pn
umbryjski
An extinct Italic language formerly spoken by the Umbri in the ancient Italian region of Umbria.

Uncle Sam /ˌəŋ-/ /ˌʌŋkl̩ ˈsæm/ /ˌʌŋkəl ˈsæm/ pn
Wuj Sam
(colloquial, originally, US) A personification of the United States federal government or (rare) citizens. [from early 19th c.]

Unicode /ˈjunɪˌkoʊd/ /ˈjuːnɪˌkəʊd/ pn
Unicode
(international standards, computing) A series of character encoding standards intended to support the characters used by a large number of the world’s languages.

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics pn
Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Sowieckich
(historical) A nation in Eurasia that existed from December 30, 1922 to December 26, 1991.

Unitarian Unitarians n
unitarianin-uniwersalista
A follower of Unitarian Universalism or a similar non-credal religion that originated historically from Christian Unitarianism.
A member of a political movement advocating a unitary state rather than a federal one, especially the Unitarios of nineteenth century Argentina (known as the Unitarian Party in English).

Unitarianism n
unitarianizm
The religious belief that God is a single Person.

United Arab Emirates /juˌnaɪtɪd ˌæɹəb ˈɛmɪɹɪts/ pn
Zjednoczone Emiraty Arabskie
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

United Arab Republic pn
Zjednoczona Republika Arabska
Former (1958-61) country in the Middle East composed of the modern states of Egypt and Syria.

United Kingdom /juːˌnaɪ.tɪd ˈkɪŋ.dəm/ /jəˌnaɪ.tɪd ˈkɪŋ.dəm/ /jʊˌnaɪ.tɪd ˈkɪŋ.dəm/ pn
Zjednoczone Królestwo
A kingdom and sovereign state in Western Europe comprising the four countries of England, Scotland and Wales on the island of Great Britain, and Northern Ireland on the northeastern portion of the island of Ireland since 1922.

United Kingdom of Great Britain pn
Zjednoczone Królestwo Wielkiej Brytanii
the Kingdom of Great Britain

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland pn
Zjednoczone Królestwo Wielkiej Brytanii i Irlandii
The official name of the United Kingdom 1801-1927 (before being renamed by the Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927 following the creation of the Irish Free State in 1922).

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland /jʊˈnaɪtɪd ˈkɪŋdəm əv ˌɡɹeɪt ˈbɹɪtən ən ˌnɔː(ɹ)ðə(ɹ)n ˈaɪə(ɹ)lənd/ pn
Zjednoczone Królestwo Wielkiej Brytanii i Irlandii Północnej
The official name of the United Kingdom (since 1927).

United Mexican States /juˌnaɪtɪ̈d ˈmɛk.sɪ.kən ˈsteɪts/ /juːˌnaɪtɨd ˈmɛk.sɪ.kən ˈsteɪts/ pn
Meksykańskie Stany Zjednoczone
The official name of Mexico.

United Nations /juˌnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz/ /jʊ-/ pn
Organizacja Narodów Zjednoczonych
(singular) An international coalition, founded in 1945 and headquartered in New York City, that aims to promote global co-operation and maintain international order.

United Nations Economic and Social Council pn
Rada Gospodarcza i Społeczna ONZ
One of the six principal organs of the United Nations, dedicated to coordinate global economical and social affairs.

United Nations General Assembly pn
ZO ONZ Zgromadzenie Ogólne Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych
One of the six principal organs of the United Nations and the only one in which all member nations have equal representation.

United States /juˌnaɪtɪ̈d ˈsteɪts/ /juːˌnaɪtɨd ˈsteɪts/ /jʊˌnaɪtɨd ˈsteɪts/ [juˌnaɪ̯ɾɪ̈d ˈsteɪ̯ts] [jɪ̈-] pn
Stany Zjednoczone
(in the plural) The collection of individual states of the United States of America.

United States Virgin Islands pn
Wyspy Dziewicze Stanów Zjednoczonych
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

United States of America /juˌnaɪtəd ˌsteɪts əv əˈmɛɹəkə/ /juːˌnaɪtɨd ˌsteɪts əv əˈmɛɹɨkə/ pn
Stany Zjednoczone Ameryki Ameryka
TemplateParserError:LuaError, stretching from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, and including Alaska, Hawaii, and several territories.

Universiade Universiades n
uniwersjada
an international multi-sport event, organized for university athletes

Unix /ˈjuːnɪks/ Unices Unixen Unixes n
Unix
(computing, informal) Any of the above plus Unix-like operating systems similar to Unix but not qualifying for use of the UNIX trademark.

Upper Silesia pn
Górny Śląsk
The south-eastern part of Silesia, today mostly within Polish borders with a small strip located in the Czech Republic.

Upper Sorbian pn
górnołużycki
a Slavic language spoken in part of Saxony

Upper Volta pn
Górna Wolta
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Uppsala /ʊpˈsɑlə/ /ˈʊpsɑːlə/ pn
Uppsala
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Ural Mountains pn
Ural
a range of mountains in Russia that stretch from the Arctic to the Caspian Sea; traditionally, the border between Europe and Asia

Ural owl Ural owls n
puszczyk uralski sowa uralska
A Eurasian species of owl, Strix uralensis

Uralic /jʊəˈɹælɪk/ adj
uralski
Pertaining to the Finno-Ugric and Samoyedic peoples, whose urheimat was the Ural Mountains, or to their languages, which constitute a language family, the Uralic languages.

Urania /jʊˈɹeɪ.ni.ə/ pn
Urania
(Greek god) The Muse of astronomy.

Uranus /juˈɹeɪnəs/ /jʊˈɹeɪnəs/ /ˈjʊɹənəs/ pn
Uran Uranos
(astronomy) The seventh planet in our solar system, discovered in 1781 by William Herschel.
Uranos Uran
(Greek mythology) The Greek god who personified the sky and heavens and fathered the Titans. Roman counterpart: Caelus.

Urban Urbans pn
Urban
(uncommon) A en given name

Urdu /ˈɜːˌduː/ /ˈʊəɹduː/ /ˈʊəˌduː/ pn
urdu
Modern Standard Urdu, an Indo-Aryan language with native speakers mainly in Pakistan and North India. It is a standardized and Persianized version of Hindustani.

Uriah /jʊəˈɹaɪə/ pn
Uriasz
(rather rare) A en given name of Biblical origin.

Urim and Thummim n
Urim i Tumim
Certain sacred objects (whose precise form and nature is unknown) that were worn on the breastplate of the Jewish high priest, as described in the Bible, and used in divination or casting lots. [from 16th c.]

Ursa Major /ˌɝsə ˈmeɪdʒɚ/ pn
Wielka Niedźwiedzica
(constellation) A large circumpolar constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a bear. It includes the familiar asterism the Big Dipper and the stars Mizar, Dubhe, and Alkaid.

Ursa Minor /ˌɝsə ˈmaɪnɚ/ pn
Mała Niedźwiedzica
(constellation) A circumpolar constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a bear. It includes the familiar asterism of the Little Dipper and, as part of it, the northern pole star Polaris, as well as Kochab.

Ursula /ˈɜː(ɹ).sjʊ.lə/ /ˈɜː(ɹ).ʃʊ.lə/ /ˈɝ.sə.lə/ pn
Urszula
A en given name.

Uruguay /ˈjʊə.ɹə.ɡwaɪ/ /ˈjʊɹ.ə.ɡwaɪ/ /ˈʊɹ.ə.ɡweɪ/ pn
Urugwaj
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Uruguayan /uɹuˈɡwaɪən/ adj
urugwajski
Of, from, or pertaining to Uruguay, the Uruguayan people or the Uruguayan language.

Uruguayan /uɹuˈɡwaɪən/ Uruguayans n
Urugwajczyk Urugwajka
A person from Uruguay or of Uruguayan descent.

Usedom pn
Uznam
An island in the Baltic Sea on the border between Germany and Poland.

Usonian /juːˈsoʊni.ən/ adj
usański

Ussuriysk pn
Ussuryjsk
A city in Primorsky Krai, Russia.

Ust-Luga pn
Ust-Ługa
One of Russia's major ports, near Saint Petersburg.

Ustyluh pn
Uściług

Utah /ˈjuːˌtɑː/ /ˈjuːˌtɔː/ pn
Utah
University of Utah.

Utena pn
Uciana

Utrecht /juːˈtɹɛxt/ /ˈjuˌtɹɛkt/ /ˈjuˌtɹɛxt/ pn
Utrecht
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Utsunomiya pn
Utsunomiya
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Uyghur /ˈwiːɡ(ʊ)ə/ /ˈwiːɡɚ/ adj
ujgurski
Of, from, or pertaining to the Uyghur people or the Uyghur language.

Uyghur /ˈwiːɡ(ʊ)ə/ /ˈwiːɡɚ/ Uyghur Uyghurs n
Ujgur Ujgurka
A member of a Turkic ethnic group living in northwestern China and southeastern Kazakhstan.

Uyghur /ˈwiːɡ(ʊ)ə/ /ˈwiːɡɚ/ pn
język ujgurski ujgurski
The language of the Uyghur people.

Uzbek more Uzbek most Uzbek adj
uzbecki
Of, from, or pertaining to Uzbekistan, the Uzbek people or the Uzbek language.

Uzbek Uzbeks n
Uzbeczka Uzbek Uzbekistanka Uzbekistańczyk
A person from Uzbekistan or of Uzbek descent.

Uzbek pn
uzbecki
The language of Uzbekistan.

Uzbekistan /ʊzˌbɛkɪˈstɑːn/ pn
Uzbekistan
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Uzbekistani Uzbekistanis n
Uzbekistanka Uzbekistańczyk
A person from Uzbekistan or one of that ancestry.

Uzh pn
Uż
A 127 km (79 mi) long river in Ukraine and Slovakia, a tributary of the Laborets/Laborec river.

Uzhhorod pn
Użhorod Użgorod
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Uzyn pn
Uzyn

V-neck V-necks n
serek
A V-shaped neckline on a garment such as a pullover, usually at the front of the garment.

VAT /væt/ /ˌviːeɪˈtiː/ n
PTU VAT
(taxation) Initialism of value added tax.

VFD VFDs n
OSP
(US) Initialism of volunteer fire department.

VIP /vɪp/ VIPs n
VIP
Initialism of very important person.

Vaduz /vəˈduːts/ pn
Vaduz Waduz
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Vakhrusheve pn
Wachruszewo
city

Valencia /vəˈlɛnsi.ə/ pn
Walencja
TemplateParserError:LuaError, the Valencian Community.

Valentine /ˈvæləntaɪn/ Valentines n
Walenty
male given name

Valentinus pn
Walentyn
(historical) A gnostic theologian living in Egypt and Rome (c.100 - c.153).

Valerie pn
Waleria
A en given name

Valhalla /vælˈhælə/ /vɑlˈhɑlə/ pn
Walhalla
(Norse mythology) The home of half of all warriors who died gloriously in battle as well as many of the Æsir.

Valky pn
Wałky
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Valle d'Aosta /ˌvaleɪ dɑːˈɒstə/ pn
Dolina Aosty
place TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Valletta /vəˈlɛtə/ pn
Valletta
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Valley of the Kings pn
Dolina Królów
(Egyptology) TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Valozhyn pn
Wołożyn

Van Diemen's Land /væn ˈdiːmənz ˌlænd/ pn
Ziemia van Diemena
The former name (until 1856) of the then-British colony and current state of Australia now known as Tasmania.

Vancouver /vænˈkuː.vɚ/ /væŋˈkuː.vɚ/ Vancouvers pn
Vancouver
(attributive) The Vancouver system of reference citation.

Vandal Vandals n
Wandal
(historical) A member of an ancient east Germanic tribe famous for sacking Rome.

Vandalic /vænˈdæl.ɪk/ adj
wandalski
Of or pertaining to the Vandals (the Germanic tribe).

Vandalic /vænˈdæl.ɪk/ pn
wandalski
The extinct East Germanic language spoken by the Vandals, probably closely related to the Gothic language.

Vantaa pn
Vantaa
The fourth largest city in Finland just north of Helsinki, the capital.

Vanuatu /væn.uːˈɑː.tuː/ /vɑ.nuˈɑ.tu/ /ˌvænuːˈaːtuː/ pn
Vanuatu
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Varash pn
Warasz
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Varna pn
Warna
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Varsovian /vɑː(ɹ)ˈsəʊviən/ adj
warszawski
Of, from or pertaining to Warsaw.

Varsovian /vɑː(ɹ)ˈsəʊviən/ Varsovians n
warszawiak warszawianka warszawianin
Someone living in or originating from Warsaw.

Vashkivtsi pn
Waszkowce
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Vasilievichy pn
Wasilewicze

Vasylivka pn
Wasylówka
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Vasylkiv pn
Wasylków
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Vatican /ˈvæ.tɪ.kən/ adj
watykański
Relating to the Vatican City state.

Vatican /ˈvæ.tɪ.kən/ pn
Watykan
place TemplateParserError:LuaError.
The Vatican Hill in Rome, where the palace and Vatican City are located.

Vatican City /ˈvæ.tɪ.kən ˈsɪt.i/ pn
Watykan
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Vatican City State pn
Państwo Watykańskie
The official name of Vatican City.

Vaticanian Vaticanians n
Watykanka Watykańczyk
(uncommon, informal) A person from Vatican City.

Vaticanology n
watykanologia
the study of the politics, decisions and functioning of the Vatican

Vatutine pn
Watutine
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Vawkavysk pn
Wołkowysk
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Veda /ˈveɪdə/ Vedas pn
Weda
(Hinduism) Any of a large body of texts originating in Ancient India. They form the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest sacred texts of Hinduism.

Vela pn
Żagiel
(constellation) A spring constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble the sails of a ship. Until 1763, it was part of a larger constellation, Argo Navis.

Velcro /ˈvɛlkɹoʊ/ /ˈvɛlkɹəʊ/ pn
rzep
A fastener consisting of two strips of fabric, one covered with minute fiber hooks and the other with tiny fiber loops, which stick strongly together but can be pulled apart.

Veles pn
Weles Wołos
(Slavic god) The pagan Slavic god of the fertile earth, livestock, waters, and the underworld, often portrayed as a chimera.

Veliky Novgorod /vəˈliː.ki ˈnɑv.ɡə.ɹɑd/ /vəˈliː.ki ˈnɒv.ɡə.ɹɒd/ /vɪˈliː.ki ˈnɔːv.ɡə.ɹət/ pn
Nowogród Wielki
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Velyki Mosty pn
Mosty Wielkie
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Vendée /vɒ̃ˈdeɪ/ pn
Wandea
A river in the south-east of the département.

Vendémiaire /vɛnˌdɛmɪˈɛː/ /ˌvɑndəˈmjɛəɹ/ /ˌvɑ̃deɪˈmjɛəɹ/ Vendémiaires pn
vendémiaire
(historical) The first month of the French Republican Calendar, starting on the date of the autumnal equinox (September 22, 23 or 24) and ending on October 21, 22 or 23.

Venetian /vəˈniʃən/ /vɪˈniːʃən/ adj
wenecki
Of, from, or relating to Venice, Italian city.

Venetian /vəˈniʃən/ /vɪˈniːʃən/ Venetians n
wenecjanin wenecjanka
An inhabitant or a resident of Venice, the city.

Venetian /vəˈniʃən/ /vɪˈniːʃən/ pn
wenecki
The Romance language spoken mostly in the Veneto region of Italy.

Venetian blind Venetian blinds n
żaluzja
A blind consisting of overlapping horizontal, flat slats, usually made of metal, vinyl or wood, that can be tilted so as to let in more or less light.

Venezuela /ˌvɛn.əˈzweɪ.lə/ /ˌvɛn.ɛzˈweɪ.lə/ /ˌvɛn.ɪˈzweɪ.lə/ pn
Wenezuela
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Venezuelan adj
wenezuelski
Of, from, or pertaining to Venezuela or the Venezuelan people.

Venezuelan Venezuelans n
Wenezuelczyk Wenezuelka
A person from Venezuela or of Venezuelan descent.

Venice /ˈvɛnɪs/ Venices pn
Wenecja
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
Ellipsis of Venice Township.: TemplateParserError:LuaError

Ventspils pn
Windawa
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Ventôse /vɑnˈtoʊz/ /vɒ̃ˈtəʊz/ Ventôses pn
ventôse
(historical) The sixth month of the French Republican Calendar, from February 19, 20 or 21 to March 20 or 21.

Venus /ˈvinəs/ /ˈviːnəs/ [ˈvinɪ̈s] [ˈvɛ.nɐs] Venuses pn
Wenus
(astronomy) The second planet in the Solar system, named for the goddess; represented in astronomy and astrology by ♀.
(Roman god) The goddess of love, beauty, fertility, and sexuality; the Roman counterpart of Aphrodite.

Venusian /vəˈnjuː.si.ən/ /vəˈnjuː.sjən/ /vəˈnuʃən/ /vəˈnuʒən/ adj
wenusjański
Of or relating to inhabitants of Venus.

Venusian /vəˈnjuː.si.ən/ /vəˈnjuː.sjən/ /vəˈnuʃən/ /vəˈnuʒən/ Venusians n
Wenusjanin Wenusjanka
(science fiction) An inhabitant of the planet Venus.

Venusian /vəˈnjuː.si.ən/ /vəˈnjuː.sjən/ /vəˈnuʃən/ /vəˈnuʒən/ pn
wenusjański
(science fiction) A hypothetical language spoken on Venus.

Veracruz Veracruzes pn
Veracruz
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
A surname from Spanish.

Vercingetorix /vɜː(ɹ).sɪnˈd͡ʒɛ.tə.ɹɪks/ pn
Wercyngetoryks
72 BCE–46 BCE, the chieftain of the Arverni, leader of the great Gallic revolt against the Romans in 53–52 BCE.

Verkhivtseve pn
Werchiwcewe
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Verkhnodniprovsk pn
Wierchniednieprowsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Verkhovyna pn
Wierchowina
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Vermont /vəɹˈmaʊnt/ /vəˈmɒnt/ /vɚˈmɑnt/ /ˈvɜːmɒnt/ [vɚˈmɑn(ʔ)t̚] [vɚˈmɑ̃ʔ] pn
Vermont
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Verona /vɪˈɹəʊnə/ pn
Werona
A city straddling the river Adige in Veneto, northern Italy, and the capital city of the province of the same name.

Veronica /vəˈɹɒnɪkə/ pn
Weronika
A en given name.

Versailles /vɚˈsaɪ/ /vɚˈzaɪ/ /vɛəˈsaɪ/ pn
Wersal
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
(by ellipsis) The Palace of Versailles.
(by ellipsis, historical) The Treaty of Versailles (1919).

Vespers pn
nieszpory
(Christianity) A Christian service held in the late afternoon or early evening; evensong

Vesuvius /vəˈsu.vi.əs/ pn
Wezuwiusz
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Vetka pn
Wietka
TemplateParserError:LuaError near Gomel.

Vicenza pn
Vicenza
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Victor /ˈvɪk.tə(ɹ)/ pn
Wiktor
A en given name.

Victoria /vɪkˈtɔː.ɹi.ə/ Victoriae Victorias pn
Victoria
(Roman goddess) The Roman goddess of victory, the counterpart of the Greek goddess Nike.
Wiktoria
A en given name.

Victorian /vɪkˈtɔ.ɹi.ən/ /vɪkˈtɔː.ɹɪ.ən/ more Victorian most Victorian adj
wiktoriański
Of or relating to the reign of Queen Victoria from 1837 to 1901, or that period.
(architecture) Of the style of architecture or furnishings of that period.
(figuratively) Of or displaying the (supposed) ideals or standards of morality of that period; conservative; also, old-fashioned, out-of-date.

Victory Day Victory Days n
Dzień Zwycięstwa
Any of various public holidays in various countries to commemorate victories in important battles or wars in the countries' history.

Vidzeme pn
Liwonia
A historical region in northeastern Latvia including Riga

Vienna /vaɪˈi.nə/ /vaɪˈæ.nə/ /vaɪˈɛ.nə/ /viˈɛ.nə/ /ˈvaɪ.ə.nə/ pn
Wiedeń
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
A en given name.

Vienna sausage Vienna sausages n
frankfurterka parówka
A wiener (kind of smoked link sausage).

Viennese /ˌviː.əˈniːz/ more Viennese most Viennese adj
wiedeński
Of or relating to Vienna (the capital of Austria).

Viennese /ˌviː.əˈniːz/ Viennese n
wiedeńczyk wiedenka
An inhabitant or resident of Vienna.

Viennese waltz Viennese waltzes n
walc wiedeński
A ballroom dance based on the waltz where the couple is constantly performing turns and pirouettes.

Vientiane /viˌɛntiˈɑːn/ /ˌvjɛnˈtjɑːn/ pn
Wientian
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Vierchniadzvinsk pn
Wierchniedźwińsk

Vietnam /(ˈ)vitˈnæm/ /(ˈ)vitˈnɑm/ /(ˈ)viːətˈnæm/ /(ˈ)viːətˈnɑːm/ /(ˈ)vjɛtˈnæm/ /(ˈ)vjɛtˈnɑm/ /(ˈ)vjɛtˈnɑːm/ /ˌvi.ətˈnæm/ /ˌvi.ətˈnɑm/ /ˌvjɛʔˈnɑːm/ pn
Wietnam
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
(chiefly, US, colloquial) The Vietnam War.

Vietnamese /viˌɛt.nəˈmiːz/ /ˌviː.ət.nəˈmiːz/ adj
wietnamski
Of or pertaining to Vietnam.

Vietnamese /viˌɛt.nəˈmiːz/ /ˌviː.ət.nəˈmiːz/ Vietnamese n
Wietnamczyk Wietnamka wietnamski
(countable, chiefly, in the plural) A person/people from Vietnam or of Vietnamese descent.
(uncountable) Vietnamese cuisine; traditional Vietnamese food.

Vietnamese /viˌɛt.nəˈmiːz/ /ˌviː.ət.nəˈmiːz/ pn
wietnamski język wietnamski
The Austroasiatic language spoken predominantly in Vietnam.

Viking /ˈvaɪkɪŋ/ Vikings n
wiking
(historical) Scandinavian/Northern European seafarers, most familiarly raiders and pirates during the Viking age.

Vileyka pn
Wilejka

Vilnian adj
wileński
From Vilnius

Vilniansk pn
Wilnianśk
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Vilnius /ˈvɪlni.əs/ /ˈvɪlnjəs/ pn
Wilno
(metonymy) The Lithuanian government.

Vilnohirsk pn
Wilnohirśk
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Vincent /ˈvɪnsənt/ Vincents pn
Wincenty
(countable) A en given name.

Vinnytsia /ˈviːnɪts(j)ə/ /ˈvɪnɪts(j)ə/ pn
Obwód winnicki Winnica
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Violet pn
Wioleta Wioletta
A en given name.

Virgil /ˈvɜːdʒɪl/ /ˈvɝdʒɪl/ pn
Wergiliusz
Pūblius Vergilius Marō (70–19 BCE), Roman epic writer from the Augustan period, best known for writing the Aeneid.

Virgin pn
Panna
(Christianity) Synonym of Virgin Mary (“Mary, mother of Jesus”).
The constellation and star sign Virgo.

Virgin Mary Virgin Marys Virgins Mary pn
Najświętsza Maryja Panna Dziewica Maryja Maryja Panna
(Christianity) Synonym of Mary, mother of Jesus.

Virginia /vɚˈd͡ʒɪn.jə/ Virginias pn
Wirginia
A en given name.
Any of several places, in the United States and elsewhere:

Virgo /ˈvɜː.ɡəʊ/ /ˈvɝ.ɡoʊ/ pn
Panna
(zodiac constellations) : A constellation in the zodiac, imagined in the shape of a maiden, that contains the bright binary star Spica.
(astrology) : The zodiac sign for the virgin, ruled by Mercury, that covers August 23 – September 23 (tropical astrology) or September 16 – October 15 (sidereal astrology).

Visaginas pn
Wisaginia

Visean pn
wizen
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Carboniferous period.

Visegrád pn
Wyszehrad
a small castle town in Pest County, Hungary

Vishnu /ˈvɪʃnu/ pn
Wisznu
(Hinduism) One of the Trimurti (trinity) in Hindu mythology, and the most popularly venerated god in Hinduism. Vishnu is commonly depicted as being blue in colour and having four arms: with each hand holding either a lotus, a mace, a conch shell or chakram weapon. Vishnu is the Supreme being or Ultimate Reality for Vaishnavas and a manifestation of Brahman in the Advaita or Smarta traditions of Hinduism.

Visigoth /ˈvɪzɪɡɒθ/ Visigoths n
Wizygot Wizygotka
Any member of an ancient East Germanic tribe, one branch of the Goths (the Ostrogoths being the other), which participated in several wars with Rome and established a kingdom with Toulouse for its capital.

Visigothic adj
wizygocki
of or pertaining to the Visigoths

Vistula /ˈvɪst͡ʃʊlə/ pn
Wisła
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Vistulan adj
wiślański

Vistulan Vistulans n
wiślanin

Vitebsk pn
Witebsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Vixen pn
Złośnik
The fourth reindeer of Santa Claus.

Vladikavkaz pn
Władykaukaz
a city, capital city of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Russia.

Vladimir /ˈvlæ.dɪ.miə(ɹ)/ pn
Włodzimierz
A transliteration of the Russian male given name Влади́мир (Vladímir), popular throughout the history of Slavic countries and societies.
Włodzimierz Władimir
A en given name, but rare as a name of English-speaking persons.

Vladislav pn
Władysław Włodzisław
A transliteration of the Russian male given name Владисла́в (Vladisláv).

Vladivostok /ˌvlædɪˈvɑstɑk/ /ˌvlædɪˈvɒstɒk/ pn
Władywostok
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Vltava /vəlˈtɑːvə/ pn
Wełtawa
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Vojvodina /ˌvɔɪvəˈdiːnə/ pn
Wojwodina
A northern autonomous province of Serbia. Administrative and largest city: Novi Sad.

Volans pn
Ryba Latająca
(constellation) A small circumpolar constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a flying fish.

Volapük /volaˈpyk/ /ˈvɒləˌpʊk/ pn
wolapik volapük
An artificial language (constructed language) created in 1879 by Johann Martin Schleyer.

Volga /ˈvoʊlɡə/ /ˈvɑːlɡə/ /ˈvɒlɡə/ pn
Wołga
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Volgograd pn
Wołgograd
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Volhynia pn
Wołyń
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError, now divided between Poland, Ukraine, and Belarus.

Volnovakha pn
Rejon wołnowaski Wołnowacha
TemplateParserError:LuaError, seat of the eponymous municipality and district
Rejon wołnowaski
TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Volochysk pn
Wołoczyska
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Volodymyr /vələˈdiːmiə(ɹ)/ /vəˈlɒdɪmiə(ɹ)/ pn
Włodzimierz
A transliteration of the Ukrainian male given name Володи́мир (Volodýmyr), equivalent to Vladimir.

Vologda pn
Wołogda
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Voltaire /voʊlˈtɛɹ/ /vəʊlˈtɛə(ɹ)/ Voltaires pn
Wolter
A pen name of the French philosopher François-Marie Arouet.

Volyn pn
Wołyń obwód wołyński
Volyn province (oblast) in northwestern Ukraine.

Vorarlberg /ˈfɔːɹˌɑː(ɹ)lbɜː(ɹ)ɡ/ pn
Przedarulania Vorarlberg
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Vormsi pn
Vormsi
Fourth largest island in Estonia, located between Hiiumaa and the continent.

Voronezh /vəˈɹɒniʒ/ pn
Woroneż
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Vorozhba pn
Worożba
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Vosges /voʊʒ/ pn
Wogezy
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Vosnesensk pn
Wozniesieńsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Vovchansk pn
Wołczańsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError, in Kharkiv oblast.

Voznesenivka pn
Wozneseniwka
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Voznesensk pn
Wozniesieńsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Vuhledar pn
Wuhłedar
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Vuhlehirsk pn
Wuhłehirśk
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Vulcan /ˈvʌlkən/ pn
Wulkan
(Roman god) The god of volcanoes and fire, especially the forge, also the patron of all craftsmen, especially blacksmiths. The Roman counterpart of Hephaestus.
(astronomy, historical) A hypothetical planet proposed in the 19th century to exist in an orbit between Mercury and the Sun. Coined by Jacques Bobinet

Vulcan salute /ˌvʌlkən səˈl(j)uːt/ /ˌvʌlkən səˈlut/ Vulcan salutes n
salut wolkański
A gesture of greeting among Star Trek fans, consisting of a raised hand with the palm forward and the thumb extended, and the fingers parted between the middle finger and ring finger.

Vulgar Latin pn
łacina ludowa
(linguistics, historical) The Latin language as spoken by the Roman people, as opposed to Classical Latin as written in formal literature. Developed into Proto-Romance and descendant languages in the Early Middle Ages.

Vulgate /ˈvʌlɡeɪt/ /ˈvʌlɡɪt/ pn
Wulgata
The Latin translation of the Bible (from Hebrew and Greek) made by Saint Jerome.

Vulpecula /vʌlˈpɛkjələ/ pn
Lisek
(constellation) A faint autumn constellation in the northern sky.

Vyborg /ˈvi.bɚk/ /ˈviˌbɔɹɡ/ /ˈviː.bək/ /ˈviːˌbɔːɡ/ pn
Wyborg
TemplateParserError:LuaError. In earlier times was part of Finland and Sweden, pop. 79,224 (as of 2002).

Vyksa pn
Wyksa

Vylkove pn
Wilkowo
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Vynnyky pn
Winniki
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Vynohradiv pn
Sewlusz Winogradów Wynohradiw
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Vyshhorod pn
Wyszogród
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Vyshneve pn
Wysznewe
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Vyzhnytsia pn
Wyżnica
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Váh pn
Wag
Váh, a river in Slovakia

Vänern pn
Wener
Sweden's largest lake, located in southwestern Sweden

WC /ˌdʌbəlju ˈsiː/ WCs n
WC w.c.
(UK) Initialism of water closet: a lavatory; a toilet.

WWW /ˈdʌb ˈdʌb ˈdʌb/ /ˈdʌb.jə ˈdʌb.jə ˈdʌb.jə/ /ˈdʌb.əl.juː ˈdʌb.əl.juː ˈdʌb.əl.juː/ [dʌɥʊ̆dʌɥʊ̆dʌbˡju] pn
WWW
Initialism of World Wide Web.

Wadden Sea pn
Morze Wattowe
A shallow and narrow sea peripheral to the North Sea, situated between the Frisian Islands and the mainland coasts of Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands.

Wadowice pn
Wadowice
TemplateParserError:LuaError, in the eastern part of Silesian Foothills.

Wakhan Corridor pn
Korytarz Wachański Wachan
TemplateParserError:LuaError that forms a land link between Afghanistan and China.

Waldemar pn
Waldemar
(rare) A en given name.

Wales /weɪlz/ [weɪɫz] Waleses pn
Walia
One of the four constituent countries of the United Kingdom, formerly a principality

Wallachia /wɒlˈeɪ.kiː.ə/ pn
Wołoszczyzna
A former principality in Eastern Europe, now part of South Romania.

Wallachian /wɒlˈeɪ.kiː.ən/ Wallachians n
Wołoch
A person from Wallachia or of Wallachian descent.

Wallis and Futuna /ˈwɒlɪs ən(d) fuːˈtuːnə/ pn
Wallis i Futuna
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Wallonia /wəˈləʊnɪə/ pn
Walonia
Federal Region of southern Belgium where French and German are the official languages, and where Lorrain, Luxembourgish, Picard, Franconian and Walloon languages are also spoken.

Walloon /wəˈluːn/ adj
waloński
Referring to the French-speaking people of southern Belgium and parts of northern France.
Referring to the Romance language spoken by this people.

Walloon /wəˈluːn/ Walloons n
Walonka Walończyk
An inhabitant of Wallonia, of Belgian nationality, nowadays generally French-speaking, but also possibly German-speaking.
An inhabitant of the region of southern Belgium and northern France (around Givet), usually of Belgian nationality.

Walloon /wəˈluːn/ pn
waloński
The Romance language commonly spoken until the middle of the 20th century in parts of southern Belgium and northern France (around Givet).

Walloon Brabant pn
Brabancja Walońska
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Walpurgis night Walpurgis nights n
Noc Walpurgi
Walpurgisnacht ("Walpurga's night"), a feast of witchcraft in German folklore, observed on 30 April.

Walter /ˈwɑltɚ/ /ˈwɔltɚ/ /ˈwɔːltə/ pn
Walter
A en given name.

Wanda /ˈwɑndə/ /ˈwɒndə/ /ˈwɔndə/ pn
Wanda
A en given name.

Wandering Jew pn
Żyd Wieczny Tułacz
A Jewish shoemaker who, in Christian tradition, taunted Jesus Christ on the way to his (Jesus') crucifixion and for that was condemned to wander the Earth until Jesus' return (ie. the second coming).

Waray-Waray pn
warajski
(linguistics) A central Philippine Visayan language from the islands of Samar, Biliran, and northeast Leyte.

Warmian adj
warmiński
Of or from Warmia

Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship pn
województwo warmińsko-mazurskie
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Warsaw /ˈwɔɹsɔ/ /ˈwɔːsɔː/ Warsaws pn
Warszawa
(metonym) The Polish government.
A habitational surname.

Warsaw Pact pn
Układ Warszawski
(international law) A pact (long-term alliance treaty) signed on May 14, 1955 in Warsaw by the Soviet Union and its Communist military allies in Europe.

Warsaw Uprising pn
powstanie warszawskie
(historical) a major World War II operation, in the summer of 1944, by the Polish underground resistance, led by the Home Army, to liberate Warsaw from German occupation.

Warta /ˈvɑɹtə/ /ˈvɑːtə/ pn
Warta
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Warwick /ˈwɑɹɪk/ /ˈwɒɹɪk/ /ˈwɔɹɪk/ pn
Warwick
Any of various other towns and cities around the world taking their name from the English town or from someone with this surname.

Washington /wɔɹʃɪŋtən/ /ˈwɑʃɪŋtən/ /ˈwɒʃɪŋtən/ /ˈwɔʃɪŋtən/ Washingtons pn
Waszyngton
George Washington, the first president of the United States, and commanding general during its war of independence.
(figuratively, metonymy) The federal government or administrative authority of the United States. From the capital city of Washington, D.C.
A placename:
(US) A en given name, popular during the first century of American independence, given in honor of George Washington.

Washington, D.C. /ˈwɑʃɪŋtən ˈdiː ˌsiː/ pn
Waszyngton
TemplateParserError:LuaError, formally known as the District of Columbia. Abbreviated as D.C. or DC.

Way of the Cross n
droga krzyżowa
A series of pictures or statues depicting the Stations of the Cross, as laid out around a church, along a road etc.

Wałbrzych pn
Wałbrzych
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Wednesday /ˈwenzdæe/ /ˈwɛ(ʔə)nzde/ /ˈwɛdnz-/ /ˈwɛnzdeɪ/ /ˈwɛnzdi/ Wednesdays n
środa
The fourth day of the week in many religious traditions, and the third day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 norm; it follows Tuesday and precedes Thursday.

Weimar /ˈvaɪmɑɹ/ /ˈvaɪmɑː/ /ˈwaɪmɑɹ/ Weimars pn
Weimar
The period in German history from 1919 to 1933, when the nation was under a constitution drafted in the city of Weimar.

Weimar Republic /ˈvaɪmɑː(ɹ) ɹɪˈpʌblɪk/ pn
Republika Weimarska
(history) The democratic regime of Germany from 1919 to the assumption of power by Adolf Hitler in 1933.

Wellington /ˈwel.əŋ.tən/ /ˈwɛl.ɪŋ.tən/ [ˈwɛlɪŋtən] Wellingtons n
Wellington
(card games) In the game of nap, a bid that results in the bidder winning quadruple, or losing double, the amount staked.

Wellington boots n
gumiaki gumowce kalosze
(British) Waterproof rubber boots, intended to be worn in wet or muddy conditions. Short forms: wellies (singular welly or wellie)

Welsh /wɛlʃ/ adj
walijski
Of or pertaining to the Celtic language of Wales. [from 16thc.]

Welsh /wɛlʃ/ Welsh n
język walijski walijski
(uncountable) The Welsh language. [from 10th c.]
Walijczycy
(collectively, in the plural) The people of Wales. [from 11th c.]

Welshman /ˈwɛlʃmən/ Welshmen n
Walijczyk
A man who is a native or inhabitant of Wales.

Welshwoman Welshwomen n
Walijka
A woman who is a native or inhabitant of Wales.

Weltschmerz /-ˌʃmɜːts/ /ˈvɛltˌʃmɛːts/ /ˈvɛltˌʃmɝts/ n
Weltschmerz weltszmerc
An apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort with the human condition or state of the world; mal du siècle, world-weariness.

Wenceslaus pn
Wacław
A en given name.

Wend Wends n
Wend
A member of a Slavic people from the borders of Germany and Poland; a Sorb; a Kashub.

Weser pn
Wezera
TemplateParserError:LuaError, the longest entirely in the country, flowing north from south Lower Saxony into the North Sea.

Wessex /ˈwɛs.ɪks/ pn
Wessex
(historical) One of the seven major Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, existing between the 6th and 9th centuries, and comprising most of England south of the Thames.

West Wests pn
Dziki Zachód
(US) The Western United States (sometimes excluding the West Coast), particularly (historical) in reference to the 19th century Wild West.
Okcydent Zachód
The western world; i.e. Western Europe and the Americas.

West Asia pn
Azja Zachodnia
The westernmost region of Asia, which includes Anatolia, the Arabian Peninsula, Iran, the Levant, Mesopotamia, the Sinai Peninsula, and Transcaucasia.

West Asian adj
zachodnioazjatycki
Of, from, or pertaining to West Asia.

West Asian West Asians n
Zachodni Azjata Zachodni Azjatka
A person from West Asia.

West Bank pn
Zachodni Brzeg Zachodni Brzeg Jordanu Cisjordania
A Palestinian territory on the west bank of the Jordan river, claimed by both Israel and the State of Palestine.

West Berlin pn
Berlin Zachodni
(historical, 1949–1990) The American, British and French sectors of Berlin between 1949 and 1990.

West Coast pn
Zachodnie Wybrzeże
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
(New Zealand) TemplateParserError:LuaError.
(chiefly, _, Canada, uncommon) TemplateParserError:LuaError.

West Flanders pn
Flandria Zachodnia
The westernmost province of Belgium and Flanders, with capital Bruges.
The larger western part of the historic countship of Flanders, also comprising part of French Flanders (in northern France) and retaining a distinctive type of dialects

West Frisian pn
(język) zachodniofryzyjski zachodniofryzyjski
A language spoken mostly in the province of Friesland, in the north of the Netherlands; one of the Frisian languages (or language varieties).

West German adj
zachodnioniemiecki
Of, from, or pertaining to West Germany.

West Germany pn
Niemcy Zachodnie
(since 1990) The former areas of the Republic during that time, distinguished from the former East German areas.

West Papua pn
Papua Zachodnia
The western half of the island of New Guinea.

West Pomeranian Voivodeship pn
województwo zachodniopomorskie
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

West Slavic pn
zachodniosłowiański
A subgrouping of the Slavic language family spoken mainly in Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Lusatia (a small area in Germany).

West Virginia /ˈwɛst vɚˈdʒɪn.jə/ pn
Wirginia Zachodnia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Western Australia /ˈwɛstə(ɹ)n əˈstɹeɪljə/ pn
Australia Zachodnia
(historical, till 1901) The British colony that is now the state of Western Australia.

Western Bonelli's warbler Western Bonelli's warblers n
świstunka górska
Phylloscopus bonelli, a species in the Phylloscopus genus of warblers.

Western Europe pn
Europa Zachodnia
A sociopolitical region in the west of Europe.

Western European adj
zachodnioeuropejski
Of, from, or pertaining to Western Europe, its people, or its culture.

Western Roman Empire /ˈwɛstən ˈɹəʊmən ˈɛmpaɪə/ /ˈwɛstɚn ˈɹoʊmən ˈɛmpaɪɚ/ pn
Cesarstwo Zachodniorzymskie

Western Sahara pn
Sahara Zachodnia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Western Samoa /ˈwestən səˈmoʊə/ /ˈwɛstɚn səˈmoʊə/ pn
Samoa Zachodnie
(historical) The former name of Samoa, from 1914 to 1997.

Western Wall pn
Ściana Płaczu Mur Zachodni
(Judaism) An ancient wall on the western side of the Temple Mount in Jerusalem, remnant of the Jewish Second Temple. It is the holiest site in Judaism.

Western concert flute Western concert flutes n
flet poprzeczny
A transverse (side-blown) woodwind instrument made of metal or wood.

Westernism n
okcydentaliz zapadnictwo zapadniczestwo
(historical) An 19th-century intellectual ideology which saw Russia's development as dependent upon the adoption of Western European technology and liberal government.

Westminster Abbey pn
Opactwo Westminsterskie
A large Gothic church, on the scale of a cathedral, next to the Houses of Parliament in London; the traditional place of coronation and burial of English monarchs.

Westminster Cathedral pn
Katedra Westminsterska
the principal Roman Catholic church in England

Westphalian /wɛstˈfeɪljən/ adj
westfalski
Of or pertaining to the Westphalia region or its people and culture.

Wheel of Fortune pn
Koło Fortuny
A television game show where word puzzles are solved by filling in the missing letters.

Whirling Dervish Whirling Dervishes n
Wirujący Derwisze
A Sufi of an ascetic order, centered in Turkey but widespread internationally, whose ritual religious observances involve mystical poetry of Mevlana (Rumi), music, and a whirling dance.

White House pn
Biały Dom
(US) The official home and workplace of the President of the United States of America.
(US, metonym) The US presidency and its administration.

White Sea pn
Morze Białe
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

White's thrush White's thrushes n
drozdoń tajgowy
Zoothera aurea or Zoothera dauma aurea: a thrush found mainly in eastern Asia and Siberia and rare vagrant to western Europe.

Whitsunday /wɪtˈsʌndeɪ/ /wɪtˈsʌndi/ /ʍ-/ /ˈʍɪtsəndeɪ/ /ˈʍɪtsəndɪ/ Whitsundays n
Zesłanie Ducha Świętego Pięćdziesiątnica Zielone Świątki Zielone Święta
The Sunday of the feast of Pentecost, seven weeks after Easter

Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪ.faɪ/ Wi-Fis n
bezprzewodowe połączenie internetowe wi-fi
(networking, uncountable) Any of several standards for short-range wireless data transmission (IEEE 802.11).

Wiccan /ˈwɪkən/ adj
wikkański
Of or pertaining to the neo-pagan religion of Wicca.

WikiProject WikiProjects n
wikiprojekt
(WMF) A group of editors who work together on improving the coverage of a particular topic on Wikipedia.

Wikipedia /ˌwɪkiˈpiːdi.ə/ /ˌwɪkəˈpiːdi.ə/ /ˌwɪkɪˈpiːdɪə/ Wikipedias pn
Wikipedia
A free-content, multilingual, online encyclopedia and wiki run by the Wikimedia Foundation.

Wikipedian /wɪ.kɪˈpiː.dɪ.ən/ adj
wikipedystyczny
Of or relating to Wikipedia.

Wikipedian /wɪ.kɪˈpiː.dɪ.ən/ Wikipedians n
wikipedysta wikipedystka
(WMF) A person who contributes to Wikipedia, especially a regular contributor versed in the ways of the website.

Wiktionarian Wiktionarians n
wikisłownikarka wikisłownikarz
(Wikimedia jargon) A person who contributes to Wiktionary, especially a regular contributor versed in the ways of the site.

Wiktionary /ˈwɪkt͡ʃəˌnɛ(ə)ɹi/ /ˈwɪkʃən(ə)ɹi/ /ˈwɪkʃəˌnɛ(ə)ɹi/ /ˈwɪkʃəˌnɛɹi/ /ˈʋɪk.ʃə.nɛ.ri/ /ˈʋɪkʃ.nə.ri/ [ˈwikʃ.nə.ɾi] Wiktionaries pn
Wikisłownik
A particular version of this dictionary project, written in a certain language, such as the English-language Wiktionary (often known simply as the English Wiktionary).

Wilamowice pn
Wilamowice
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Wild Hunt Wild Hunts n
Dziki Łów
A ghostly hunt that rides across the sky, common to English, German and Scandinavian folklore.

Wild West pn
Dziki Zachód
(historical) The western United States during the 19th-century era of settlement, commonly believed to be lawless and unruly.

Wilhelmina /ˌwɪl.(h)ɛl.ˈmiːn.ə/ /ˌwɪl.ə.ˈmiːn.ə/ pn
Wilhelmina
A en given name.

William /ˈwɪl.i.əm/ /ˈwɪl.jəm/ Williams pn
Wilhelm
A en given name popular since the Norman Conquest.

Wiltshire /ˈwɪlt.ʃə(ɹ)/ pn
Wiltshire
TemplateParserError:LuaError bordered by Gloucestershire, Somerset, Dorset, Oxfordshire, Hampshire and Berkshire.

Windhoek /ˈvɪndhʊk/ /ˈwɪndhʊk/ pn
Windhuk
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Windows pn
Windows
(operating systems, trademark) Microsoft Windows, an operating system with a WIMP graphical user interface that dominates the personal computer market.

Winnie the Pooh Winnie the Poohs pn
Kubuś Puchatek
A talking bear from an English children's book series carrying the same name, noted for his sweet, simple nature, and his love of honey.

Wisconsin /wəsˈkɑnsən/ /wəˈskɑnsən/ /wɪnˈskɑnsən/ /wɪsˈkɑnsɪn/ [wəsˈkʰɑn.sn̩] [wəˈskɑn.sn̩] pn
Wisconsin
University of Wisconsin–Madison.

Wisdom of Solomon pn
Księga Mądrości
A book of the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox canon of the Old Testament, considered apocryphal by Protestants.

Wonder Woman /ˈwʌndə ˈwʊmən/ /ˈwʌndɚ ˈwʊmən/ pn
Wonder Woman
A DC Comics superheroine. [from 1941.]

Worcestershire sauce /ˈwɝʃtəʃɚ ˈsɑs/ /ˈwɝʃtəʃɚ ˈsɔs/ /ˈwɪs.tɚ.ʃaɪɚ ˈsɑs/ /ˈwɪs.tɚ.ʃaɪɚ ˈsɔs/ /ˈwɪs.tɚ.ʃɪɹ ˈsɑs/ /ˈwɪs.tɚ.ʃɪɹ ˈsɔs/ /ˈwʊs.tɚ.ʃaɪɚ ˈsɑs/ /ˈwʊs.tɚ.ʃaɪɚ ˈsɔs/ /ˈwʊs.tɚ.ʃɚ ˈsɑs/ /ˈwʊs.tɚ.ʃɚ ˈsɔs/ /ˈwʊs.tɚ.ʃɪɹ ˈsɑs/ /ˈwʊs.tɚ.ʃɪɹ ˈsɔs/ /ˈwʊstə(ɹ)ʃə(ɹ) ˈsɔːs/ Worcestershire sauces n
sos Worcestershire
An English condiment made with vinegar, onions, garlic, etc.; a thin piquant sauce used as a table sauce, to flavour casseroles etc. and as an ingredient in Bloody Marys.

Word of God pn
Słowo Boże
A sacred teaching, writing or book viewed as being the work of God.

Wordian pn
word
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Permian period.

World Exposition World Expositions n
wystawa światowa
Any of various large international expositions held since the mid 19th century, often called "Expo".

World Health Assembly pn
Światowe Zgromadzenie Zdrowia
the forum through which the World Health Organization (WHO) is governed by its member states

World Health Organization pn
Światowa Organizacja Zdrowia
An agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health

World Trade Organization pn
Światowa Organizacja Handlu
An international organization designed by its founders to supervise and liberalize international trade.

World War I pn
I wojna światowa pierwsza wojna światowa
(history) The war from 1914 to 1918 between the Entente Powers of the British Empire, Russian Empire, France, Italy, the United States and other allied nations, against the Central Powers represented by the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria.

World War II /wɜː(ɹ)ld wɔː(ɹ) tuː/ [wɜːɫd wɔː tuː] [wɝɫd wɔɚ̯ tu] pn
druga wojna światowa II wojna światowa
(history) The war from 1939 to 1945 of the Allied forces, including the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, the United States, France, and China, against the Axis Powers, including Germany, Italy, and Japan.

World Wide Web /ˈwɜːld ˌwaɪd ˈwɛb/ /ˈwɝld ˌwaɪd ˈwɛb/ pn
World Wide Web ogólnoświatowa sieć
(Internet) Usually preceded by the: collectively, all of the hypertext documents (web pages) on the Internet stored in different computers around the world that hyperlink to each other and to other kinds of media, and are typically retrieved by the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS).

Worms /vɔɹmz/ /vɔːmz/ pn
Wormacja
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Wrocław /ˈvɹɒtslɑːf/ /ˈvɹɒtslɑːv/ /ˈvɹɒtswɑːf/ /ˈvɹɔts.lɑf/ /ˈvɹɔts.lɑv/ /ˈvɹɔts.wɑf/ pn
Wrocław
A city, located in Silesia in what is now southwestern Poland. (At different points in history, the city has been part of Bohemia, Prussia, Germany, and Poland.)

Wuchiapingian pn
wucziaping
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Permian period.

Wuhan /-ˈhæn/ /uːˈhɑːn/ /ˈwuːˈhɑːn/ pn
Wuhan
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Wunderkammer /ˈvʊndəˌkamə/ /ˈvʊndɚˌkɑmɚ/ Wunderkammern Wunderkammers n
gabinet osobliwości kunstkamera
(historical) A cabinet of scientific curiosities, especially during the late Renaissance.

Wymysorys pn
wilamowski wilamowicki
A West Germanic language spoken in the Polish town of Wilamowice.

Wyoming /waɪˈoʊmɪŋ/ pn
Wyoming
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError:
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError, now part of the town of Plympton-Wyoming.

X-ray /ˈɛks ɹeɪ/ /ˈɛks ˌɹeɪ/ X-rays n
prześwietlenie
A radiograph: a photograph made with X-rays.

X-ray /ˈɛks ɹeɪ/ /ˈɛks ˌɹeɪ/ v
prześwietlać prześwietlić
(transitive, informal) To take a radiograph of; to obtain an image of using X-ray radiation, especially for the purpose of medical diagnostic evaluation.

XML pn
XML
(computer languages, file format) Initialism of Extensible Markup Language (a flexible text format for creating structured computer documents in machine-readable form.)

Xanthi pn
Ksanti
A city in Thrace, northeastern Greece.

Xanthippe /zænˈθɪpi/ Xanthippes n
ksantypa
(literary, derogatory, dated) An ill-tempered woman.

Xavier /hɑviˈɛɹ/ /ɪɡˈzeɪ.vi.ɚ/ /ɪɡˈzeɪ.vjɚ/ /ɪɡˈzeɪ.vɪə/ /ˈhɑvi.ɛɹ/ /ˈzeɪ.vi.ɚ/ /ˈzeɪ.vjɚ/ /ˈzeɪ.vɪə/ /ˈzæv.ɪə/ pn
Ksawery
Any of various notable people with this name as given name or surname, especially Saint Francis Xavier, a Spanish Catholic saint and missionary (1506–1552).

Xbox /ˈɛks bɒks/ Xboxes n
Xbox
(video games, trademark) Any of the home consoles in Microsoft's Xbox product line, especially the original Xbox.

Xenia /ˈziːniə/ pn
Ksenia
A en given name of mainly historical use in English.

Xenophanes /zɛˈnɒfəniːz/ pn
Ksenofanes
A Greek given name.

Xenophon pn
Ksenofont
Athenian historian and philosopher born 427 B.C.E. and author of the Anabasis and Memorabilia. He was a pupil of Socrates and became a general during the Persian wars.

Xerxes /ˈzɜːk.siːz/ /ˈzɝksiːz/ Xerxeses pn
Kserkses
(historical) Xerxes I, a Persian king of the Achaemenid dynasty who reigned 485-465 BC.
(historical) Xerxes II, a Persian king who ruled for 45 days in 424 BC before being assassinated.
A en given name mainly applied to historical and fictional characters.

Xhosa /ˈkoʊ.sə/ /ˈkɔ.sə/ /ˈkɔː.sə/ /ˈkəʊ.sə/ Xhosa Xhosas n
xhosa
(uncountable) The language of these people, a Bantu language related to Zulu.

Xi'an /ˈʃiˈæn/ /ˈʃiːˈɑːn/ pn
Xi'an
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Xinjiang /ˈʃin-/ /ˈʃɪnˈd͡ʒjɑŋ/ pn
Sinkiang
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

YHWH pn
Jahwe
Known as the "Tetragrammaton", the four Hebrew letters יהוה which are transliterated into the Latin alphabet as YHWH (or IHVH, JHVH, or YHVH). Usually vowels are added to produce the spelling Jehovah, Yehovah or Yahweh (Jahaveh, Jahve, Jahveh, Jahweh, Yahve, Yahveh, Yahwe).

YIVO pn
JIWO YIVO
Institute for Jewish Research

YOLO /ˈjoʊ.loʊ/ /ˈjəʊ.ləʊ/ phraseologicalUnit
Raz kozie śmierć! Raz się żyje!
(slang) Initialism of you only live once, i.e. expressing the view that one should make the most of the present moment.

Yagi-Uda antenna Yagi-Uda antennas n
antena Yagi antena Yagi-Uda
(radio) A type of directional antenna with one driven element and one or more parasitic elements; a directional radio or TV antenna consisting of two or more dipoles in the same plane with all dipoles parallel to each other.

Yahotyn pn
Jagodzin

Yahweh /ˈjɑː(h)weɪ/ pn
Jahwe
(history of religion) The name of the God of Israel worshipped by the Jahwist prophets in the kingdoms of Israel and Judah in antiquity.

Yakut /jəˈkuːt/ /jəˈkʊt/ pn
jakucki
The language of these people.

Yakutia /jəˈkuːtɪə/ /jəˈkuːʃ(i)ə/ pn
Jakucja
Synonym of Sakha

Yakutsk pn
Jakuck
The capital city of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russia

Yalda pn
Noc Yalda

Yalta /ˈjɑːl.tə/ pn
Jałta
TemplateParserError:LuaError
(by ellipsis) The Yalta Conference of 1945.

Yamal pn
Jamał
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Yamam pn
Jamam

Yampil pn
Jampol
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Yandex /ˈjæn.dɛks/ pn
Yandex
A Russian Internet company which operates the largest search engine in Russia.
(computing) A search engine that popularized the company of the same name.

Yangon /jæŋˈɡɒn/ /jæŋˈɡəʊn/ /jɑŋˈɡoʊn/ /jɑŋˈɡɑn/ pn
Rangun
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Yangtze /ˈjæŋtsi/ /ˈjæŋzi/ /ˈjɑŋtsə/ /ˈjɑŋzi/ pn
Jangcy
The chief river of central China and the third longest river in the world, flowing 6300 km from the Tanggula Mountains in Qinghai, passing Chongqing, Wuhan, and Nanjing, and emptying into the East China Sea beside Shanghai.

Yankee /ˈjæŋ.ki/ Yankees n
Jankes Jankeska jankes jankeska
(chiefly, Southern US) A native or inhabitant of the Northern United States.
(chiefly southern, _, Louisiana) An Anglo, as opposed to someone with French ancestry; a native or inhabitant of the rest of the United States.

Yanukovych pn
Janukowicz
A transliteration of the Ukrainian surname Януко́вич (Janukóvyč).

Yaoundé /jɑːˈuːndeɪ/ /jɑːˈʊndeɪ/ /ˌjɑːʊnˈdeɪ/ pn
Jaunde
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Yap pn
Yap
An island in the Caroline Islands of western Micronesia.

Yaremche pn
Jaremcza Jaremcze

Yarilo pn
Jaryło Jaruna Jaryła
The god of vegetation, fertility, and springtime in Slavic mythology.

Yarmouk pn
Jarmuk
TemplateParserError:LuaError, the largest tributary of the Jordan.

Yaroslav pn
Jarosław
A transliteration of the Russian male given name Яросла́в (Jarosláv).
A transliteration of the Ukrainian male given name Яросла́в (Jarosláv).

Yaroslavl pn
Jarosław
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Yarovit Yarovits pn
Jarowit
(Slavic god) Polabian god of war worshipped in Wolgast and Havelberg

Yasynuvata pn
Jasynuwata

Yavoriv pn
Jaworów
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Yazidi Yazidis n
jezyd Jezyd Jezydka jezydka
member of a Kurdish-speaking people of northern Iraq, Armenia and Caucasus, whose religion is Yazidism

Yazidism pn
jazydyzm jezydyzm
The religion of Yazidis, a highly syncretic complex of local beliefs and Islamic doctrine.

Yekaterinburg /jɛkətərɪnˈbɜːrɡ/ pn
Jekaterynburg
TemplateParserError:LuaError, the fifth-largest in the country by population.

Yellow River pn
Rzeka Żółta
The chief river of the North China Plain, currently flowing 5,463 km from the Bayan Har Mountains of Qinghai to the Bohai Sea but historically prone to massive floods which caused its course to vary widely over time.

Yellow Sea pn
Morze Żółte
An arm of the Pacific Ocean between mainland China and the Korean peninsula.

Yeltsin /ˈjɛltsɪn/ pn
Jelcyn
A transliteration of the Russian surname Е́льцин (Jélʹcin).

Yeltsinian more Yeltsinian most Yeltsinian adj
jelcynowski

Yemen /ˈjɛ.mən/ /ˈjɪ.mən/ pn
Jemen
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError; the Arabia Felix.

Yemeni adj
jemeński
of, from, or pertaining to Yemen, or the Yemeni people

Yemeni Yemenis n
Jemenka Jemeńczyk
a person from Yemen or of Yemeni descent

Yenakiyeve pn
Jenakijewe
TemplateParserError:LuaError, in Donetsk oblast.

Yenisei /ˌjɛnəˈseɪ/ pn
Jenisej
TemplateParserError:LuaError. The longest river of Siberia. It flows from south down to north into the Arctic Ocean, splitting Siberia in two parts: the Eastern Siberia and the Western Siberia.

Yerevan /jɛɾɛˈvɑn/ /ˌjeɹəˈvæːn/ /ˌjeɹəˈvɑːn/ pn
Erywań
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Yevpatoria pn
Eupatoria
TemplateParserError:LuaError. It is located on the Black Sea coast.

Yiddish /ˈjɪd.ɪʃ/ more Yiddish most Yiddish adj
jidysz
Of or pertaining to the Yiddish language.

Yiddish /ˈjɪd.ɪʃ/ pn
jidysz
A West Germanic, or more specifically High German, language that developed from Middle High German dialects, with an admixture of vocabulary from multiple source languages including Hebrew-Aramaic, Romance, Slavic, English, etc., and mostly written in Hebrew characters which is used mainly among Ashkenazic Jews from central and eastern Europe.

Yiddishist Yiddishists n
jidyszysta jidyszystka
A proponent of the Yiddish language and culture.

Yiddishland pn
Jidyszland
A region where Yiddish is spoken; the areas of Eastern Europe or the Jewish Autonomous Oblast that had significant numbers of Jewish inhabitants.

Yoda /ˈjəʊdə/ pn
Yoda
A wise old Jedi Master in the Star Wars films.

Yokohama pn
Jokohama
TemplateParserError:LuaError, near Tokyo.

Yolanda pn
Jolanta
A en given name.

Yom Kippur /ˌjoʊm kɪˈpʊɹ/ /ˌjoʊm ˈkɪpɚ/ /ˌjoʊm-/ /ˌjɑm kɪˈpʊɹ/ /ˌjɑm ˈkɪpɚ/ /ˌjɒm kɪˈpʊə/ /ˌjɒm ˈkɪpə/ /ˌjɔm kɪˈpʊɹ/ /ˌjɔm ˈkɪpɚ/ /ˌjəʊm kɪˈpʊə/ /ˌjəʊm ˈkɪpə/ pn
Dzień Pojednania Dzień Przebłagania Jom Kippur Sądny Dzień
(Judaism) A particular Jewish holiday, the day of atonement, falling on the tenth day of the Hebrew month of Tishrei.

Yorkshire pudding Yorkshire puddings n
Yorkshire pudding
A dish made from batter baked in fat, usually served as an accompaniment to roast beef but sometimes (in a larger form) served with other fillings or as a separate course.

Yoruba /ˈjɒɹʊbə/ /ˈjɔːɹəbə/ pn
joruba yoruba
A sub-Saharan language. It belongs to the Benue-Congo branch of the Niger-Congo language family, and has nearly 40 million speakers in Nigeria, Benin, Togo, and Sierra Leone, as well as communities in Brazil and Cuba.

Yoshkar-Ola /jɒʃˈkɑː(ɹ) oʊˈlɑː/ pn
Joszkar-Oła
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

YouTube /ˈjutub/ /ˈjuːtjuːb/ /ˈjuːtʃuːb/ /ˈjʉːtʃʉːb/ pn
YouTube
A video-sharing website.

YouTuber /ˈjuːˌtjuːbə(ɹ)/ /ˈjuːˌtuːbə(ɹ)/ YouTubers n
youtuber youtuberka
(internet) A video creator on YouTube.

YouTubular more YouTubular most YouTubular adj
youtubowy
(informal) Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of YouTube.

Young Poland pn
Młoda Polska
(historical) The modernist period in Polish visual arts, literature, and music which lasted from the end of the 19th century to 1918.

Young's modulus Young's moduli n
moduł Younga
(physics) The coefficient of elasticity of a solid; the rate of change of stress with strain.

Your Honour pronoun
Wysoki Sądzie
(Commonwealth) A title used to address a judge or magistrate.

Your Majesty Your Majesties pn
Wasza Wysokość
(formal) A term of address used in direct address to a monarch of higher rank than a prince, such as a king, queen, emperor, or empress.

Ypresian /iːˈpɹɛz.i.ən/ pn
Ipres
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Eocene epoch

Yucatán pn
Jukatan Półwysep Jukatan
A peninsula in North America incorporating the Mexican states of Yucatán, Campeche, and Quintana Roo as well as Belize and northeastern Guatemala.

Yugoslavia /juːɡəˈslɑːvi.ə/ pn
Jugosławia
(historical) A former country on the Balkan Peninsula, made up of the now-independent nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia; it disintegrated in the 1990s.

Yugoslavian adj
jugosłowiański
(historical) Of or relating to Yugoslavia.

Yugoslavian Yugoslavians n
Jugosłowianin Jugosłowianka
(historical) A native of Yugoslavia.

Yukon /ˈjuː.kɑn/ /ˈjuː.kɒn/ pn
Jukon
TemplateParserError:LuaError, the Yukon Territory and Alaska, which gives its name to the territory.

Yule /juːl/ Yules pn
Jul
Christmastide, the Christmas season, the Twelve Days of Christmas (between December 25th and January 5th).

Yup'ik /ˈjuːpɪk/ pn
język yupik środkowy
(linguistics) A subbranch of the Eskimo-Aleut family of languages. This is the only language family known to straddle both North America and Asia. It is centered squarely in Alaska and is thought to have migrated across to Siberia a few hundred years ago.

Yuri pn
Jurij
A transliteration of the Russian male given name Ю́рий (Júrij), equivalent to George.

Yuzhne pn
Jużne
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk pn
Jużnosachalińsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Yuzhnoukrainsk pn
Jużnoukrajinśk
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Yvonne /iːˈvɒn/ /ɪˈvɒn/ pn
Iwona
A en given name borrowed from France, in regular use since the twentieth century.

Zachary /ˈzækəɹi/ pn
Zachariasz
A en given name, English vernacular form of Zacharias, Zachariah and Zechariah.

Zagreb /ˈzɑːɡɹɛb/ pn
Zagrzeb
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Zagrebian /zɑˈɡɹɛbiən/ adj
zagrzebski

Zagrebian /zɑˈɡɹɛbiən/ Zagrebians n
zagrzebianin zagrzebianka

Zaire /zaɪˈɪə/ /zɑːˈɪəɹ/ /ˈzɑːɪɹ/ pn
Zair
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Zakarpattia pn
Zakarpacie
Zakarpattia province (oblast) in west of Ukraine.

Zakynthos /ˈzakɪnθɒs/ /ˈzɑkɪnθɔs/ pn
Zakintos
TemplateParserError:LuaError in the Ionian Sea, the third largest of the Ionian Islands.

Zalishchyky pn
Zaleszczyk Zaleszczyki
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Zalizne pn
Zalizne Żelazne
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Zambia /ˈzæmbiə/ pn
Zambia
TemplateParserError:LuaError. Formerly called Northern Rhodesia.

Zambian adj
zambijski
Of or pertaining to Zambia or its people or language.

Zambian Zambians n
Zambijczyk Zambijka
A person from Zambia or of Zambian descent.

Zanclean pn
zankl
(geology, paleontology) A geological subdivision, the earliest age of the Pliocene epoch.

Zanzibar /ˈzænzɪbɑː(ɹ)/ pn
Zanzibar
An island region of Tanzania in the Indian Ocean.

Zaporizhia /ˌzæpəˈɹiːʒə/ /ˌzɑːpəˈɹiːʒi.ə/ /ˌzɑːpəˈɹiːʒə/ pn
Obwód zaporoski Zaporoże
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError. It is also claimed by Russia.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError; The region “beyond the rapids” in the lower reach of the river Dnieper in Ukraine, base of the Zaporozhian Cossacks.

Zaporizhian more Zaporizhian most Zaporizhian adj
zaporoski

Zaporizhian Zaporizhians n
zaporożanin zaporożanka

Zapotec adj
zapotecki
Of or relating to the Zapotec people.
Of or relating to their language.

Zaragoza pn
Saragossa
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Zarasai pn
Jeziorosy

Zastavna pn
Zastawna
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Zavodske pn
Zawodskie Zawodśke
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Zbarazh pn
Zbaraż
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Zboriv pn
Zborów
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Zdolbuniv pn
Zdołbunów
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Zealand pn
Zelandia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Zebedee /ˈzɛbɪdiː/ pn
Zebedeusz
(rare) A en given name of biblical origin.

Zebulun /zəˈbju.lən/ /zəˈbjuː.lən/ /ˈzɛ.bjəˌlən/ /ˈzɛ.bjʊˌlən/ pn
Zabulon
(biblical) Tenth son of Jacob, by his wife Leah.
(biblical) One of the Israelite tribes, descended from Zebulun.
A en given name

Zechariah /ˌzɛkəˈɹaɪə/ pn
Zachariasz
(biblical character) A king of Israel mentioned in the second book of Kings.
Zachariasz Księga Zachariasza
(biblical character) A Hebrew prophet traditionally considered the author of the Book of Zechariah, the eleventh of the Twelve Minor Prophets.

Zeeland pn
Zelandia
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Zeelandic pn
dialekt zelandzki
A regional language similar to Dutch, spoken in the Dutch province of Zeeland and on the South Holland island of Goeree-Overflakkee.

Zelenodolsk pn
Zełenodolśk
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Zelenskyy /zɪˈlɛnski/ Zelenskyys pn
Zełenska Zełenski Zieleńska Zieleński Zielońska Zieloński
A surname from the Slavic languages.

Zemfira [zɛɱˈfiɹə] [zɪɱˈfiɹə] pn
Zemfira
A transliteration of the Russian female given name Земфи́ра (Zemfíra).

Zeno /ˈziːnoʊ/ pn
Zenon
A en given name.

Zephaniah /zɛfəˈnaɪə/ pn
Księga Sofoniasza
(biblical) A book of the Old Testament and the Hebrew Tanakh.

Zephyr pn
Zefir
(Greek god) The god of the West Wind.

Zephyrus /ˈzɛfɪɹəs/ pn
Zefir
(Greek god) The Ancient Greek god of the west wind, supposed to be the gentlest of the winds and the messenger of spring. His parents are Eos/Aurora and Astraeus, and his brothers are Boreas, Notus and Eurus, (the Anemoi), and the Astra Planeta. His wife is Chloris and their son is Karpos. His Roman counterpart is Favonius.

Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory n
teoria mnogości Zermelo-Fraenkel

Zermelo-Fraenkelian adj
dotyczący Zermelo-Fraenkelian

Zeus /z(j)u(ː)s/ /zus/ /zɪu̯s/ Zeuses pn
Zeus
(Greek god) Supreme ruler of all Greek gods, husband to Hera.

Zhabinka pn
Żabinka
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Zhashkiv pn
Żaszków
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Zhdanivka pn
Żdaniwka Żdanówka
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Zheleznogorsk pn
Żeleznogorsk
A closed town in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia

Zhmerynka pn
Żmerynka
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Zhovkva pn
Żółkiew
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Zhovti Vody pn
Żółte Wody
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Zhukov pn
Żukow
A transliteration of the Russian surname Жу́ков (Žúkov).

Zhydachiv pn
Żydaczów
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Zhytomyr /-ˈtoʊm-/ /ʒɪˈtɔmɪɹ/ pn
Żytomierz Obwód żytomierski
TemplateParserError:LuaError, administrative centre of Zhytomyr province.
(province) TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Zielona Góra pn
Zielona Góra
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Zimbabwe /zɪmˈbɑːbweɪ/ pn
Zimbabwe
TemplateParserError:LuaError. Formerly called Southern Rhodesia or Rhodesia.

Zimbabwean more Zimbabwean most Zimbabwean adj
zimbabwejski zimbabweński
Of, from, or pertaining to Zimbabwe or the Zimbabwean people.

Zinkiv pn
Zieńków Zinków
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Zion /ˈzaɪ.ən/ /ˈzaɪˌɒn/ pn
Syjon
A landmark hill (or "mount") on which ancient Jerusalem was partly built, a centerpiece to Biblical accounts of old days and future eschatological events.

Zionism Zionisms n
syjonizm
(politics) Jewish nationalism, the movement which supported first the re-establishment of a Jewish homeland and now supports the continuation of a Jewish state in Israel.

Zionist more Zionist most Zionist adj
syjonistyczny
Of or relating to a Zionist or Zionists.

Zittau pn
Żytawa
TemplateParserError:LuaError, close to Polish and Czech border.

Zmiiv pn
Zmijiw
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Znamianka pn
Znamjanka
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Zocchihedron n
kość z 100 ścianami

Zolochiv pn
Złoczów
TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Zolote pn
Złote
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Zolotonosha pn
Złotonosza
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Zoroaster /ˈzɒɹoʊˌæstəɹ/ /ˌzɒɹoʊˈæstəɹ/ pn
Zoroaster Zaratustra Zaratusztra
An ancient Iranian prophet after whom the indigenous Iranian ethnic religion, Zoroastrianism, is named, also venerated in Mithraism.

Zoroastrian /ˌzoʊɹ.oʊˈæs.tɹi.ən/ /ˌzɒɹəʊˈæstɹɪən/ /ˌzɔɹ.oʊˈæs.tɹi.ən/ adj
zoroastrycki zoroastryjski
relating to or characteristic of Zoroastrianism.

Zoroastrianism /ˌzoʊɹ.oʊˈæs.tɹi.əˌnɪz.əm/ /ˌzɒɹəʊˈæstɹɪəˌnɪzəm/ /ˌzɔɹ.oʊˈæs.tɹi.əˌnɪz.əm/ pn
zaratusztrianizm zaratustrianizm zaratustryzm zoroastrianizm zoroastryzm
(scholarly) The historical (pre-Islamic) indigenous beliefs and practices of the Iranian peoples.

Zorynsk pn
Zorynśk
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Zouave /zuˈɑv/ /zuːˈɑːv/ /zwɑv/ /zwɑːv/ Zouaves n
żuaw
(military, historical) One of a body of soldiers in the French service, originally Kabyle, but now composed of Frenchmen who wear the Kabyle dress.

Zoë /ˈzoʊ.i/ /ˈzəʊ.i/ pn
Zoja
A en given name.

Zucker Zuckers pn
Cukier

Zuckerman pn
Cukierman

Zuhres pn
Zuhres
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Zulu /ˈzuːluː/ adj
Zulus
Pertaining to the Zulu people, culture, or language.

Zulu /ˈzuːluː/ pn
zulu
The language of these people, a Bantu language; isiZulu.

Zurich /-ɪx/ /zʊɹ.ɪk/ /ˈzjʊə.ɹɪk/ /ˈzɜɹ.ɪk/ pn
Zurych
TemplateParserError:LuaError, on Lake Zurich.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Zvenyhorodka pn
Zwinogródka
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Zviahel pn
Zwiahel
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Zwickau /ˈtsvɪkaʊ/ pn
Ćwików
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Zymohiria pn
Zymohirja
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Zytkow Zytkows pn
Żytkow
A surname from Polish

a /eɪ/ /æ/ /ɑː/ /ˈeɪ/ /ˈæɪ/ aes n
a
The name of the Latin script letter A / a.

a /ɔ/ n
a
The name of the Cyrillic script letter А / а.

a bad penny always turns up proverb
diabeł nie śpi licho nie śpi złe nie śpi
A person or thing which is unpleasant, dishonorable, or unwanted tends to appear (or reappear), especially at inopportune times.

a bad workman always blames his tools proverb
złej baletnicy przeszkadza rąbek spódnicy
It is not the tools we use that make us good, but rather how we employ them.

a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush proverb
lepszy wróbel w garści niż gołąb na dachu lepszy wróbel w ręku niż cietrzew na sęku lepszy wróbel w ręku niż sokół na sęku
A sure thing is preferable to the mere chance at something more. [15th c.]

a blessing and a curse n
miecz obosieczny
Something that is both a benefit and a burden, or that may seem initially beneficial but also brings unforeseen negative consequences

a burnt child dreads the fire proverb
kto raz się sparzył, ten na zimne dmucha
(dated) A person harmed by something becomes more cautious about it.

a cappella /ˌæ.kæˈpɛl.ə/ /ˌæ.kəˈpɛl.ə/ /ˌɑ kəˈpɛl.ə/ adv
a cappella
(music) In a manner of a choir with no instrumental accompaniment; literally, "in the style of the (Sistine) Chapel (in Rome)", such as a musical Mass done a cappella. [from late 19th c.]

a closed mouth catches no flies proverb
mowa jest srebrem, a milczenie złotem
It's best not to talk too much.

a day after the fair /ə ˈdeɪ ˌæftɚ ðə ˈfɛɚ/ /ə ˈdeɪ ˌɑːftə ðə ˈfɛə/ adv
po herbacie po ptokach po zawodach

a day late and a dollar short adv
rychło w czas
(US, idiomatic) Adverbial use of the adjectival form.

a drowning man will clutch at a straw proverb
tonący brzytwy się chwyta

a few determiner
kilka kilku niewiele niewielu
A small number of; more than two.

a few pronoun
kilka
A small number of things.

a friend in need is a friend indeed /ə ˌfɹɛnd ən ˈnid ɪz ə ˌfɹɛnd ɪnˈdid/ /ə ˌfɹɛnd ɪn ˈniːd ɪz ə ˌfɹɛnd ɪnˈdiːd/ proverb
prawdziwych przyjaciół poznaje się w biedzie
If a friend helps you when you are in need, they are a true friend.

a healthy body is a healthy mind proverb
zdrowe ciało to zdrowy mózg

a hit dog will holler proverb
uderz w stół, a nożyce się odezwą

a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step proverb
podróż tysiąca mil zaczyna się od jednego kroku
Even the longest and most difficult ventures have a starting point.

a la /æ læ/ /ɑ lɑ/ preposition
a la à la
In the style or manner of.

a leopard cannot change its spots proverb
natura ciągnie wilka do lasu
One cannot change one's own nature.

a lie has no legs proverb
kłamstwo ma krótkie nogi
One cannot get away with a lie; the truth will always come out.

a little adv
trochę mało
To a small extent or degree.

a little bird told me /ə ˌlɪt(ə)l bɜɹd ˈtoʊld mi/ /ə ˌlɪtl̩ bɜːd ˈtəʊld miː/ [-ˌlɪɾ(ə)l-] phraseologicalUnit
ptaszki o tym ćwierkają
(idiomatic, chiefly, humorous) I received the information from a source which I am not prepared to disclose.

a lot /əˈ lɑt/ /əˈ lɒt/ adv
dużo wiele mnóstwo
(informal) Very much; a great deal; to a large extent.
często
(informal) Often; frequently.

a lot /əˈ lɑt/ /əˈ lɒt/ pronoun
dużo wiele
A large amount.

a man's home is his castle proverb
pan na zagrodzie równy wojewodzie
A proverbial expression of personal privacy and security.

a new broom sweeps clean proverb
nowy szef, nowe porządki
(metaphorical) New management will often make radical changes.

a picture is worth a thousand words proverb
jeden obraz jest wart więcej niż tysiąc słów
A visualisation is a better description than a verbal description.

a posteriori more a posteriori most a posteriori adj
a posteriori
(logic) Involving induction of theories from facts.

a posteriori more a posteriori most a posteriori adv
a posteriori
(logic) In a manner that deduces theories from facts.

a priori /ˌeɪ pɹaɪˈɔːɹaɪ/ /ˌeɪ pɹaɪˈɔːɹi/ /ˌɑː pɹiˈɔːɹi/ more a priori most a priori adj
a priori aprioryczny apriorystyczny
(logic) Based on hypothesis and theory rather than experiment or empirical evidence.

a priori /ˌeɪ pɹaɪˈɔːɹaɪ/ /ˌeɪ pɹaɪˈɔːɹi/ /ˌɑː pɹiˈɔːɹi/ more a priori most a priori adv
a priori apriorycznie
(logic) In a way based on theoretical deduction rather than empirical observation.

a rising tide lifts all boats proverb
przypływ podnosi wszystkie łodzie
A truly good outcome benefits all.

a sorrow shared is a sorrow halved proverb
łatwiej jest dzielić się żalem

a stitch in time saves nine proverb
lepiej zapobiegać niż leczyć
A little effort expended sooner to fix a small problem prevents it from becoming a larger problem requiring more effort to fix later.

a stopped clock is right twice a day proverb
trafiło się ślepej kurze ziarno
A normally unreliable person or instrument can occasionally provide correct information, even if only by accident.

a thing or two phraseologicalUnit
coś niecoś
A considerable amount; a lot.

a watched pot never boils proverb
czekającemu czas się dłuży
A process appears to go more slowly if one waits for it rather than engaging in other activities.

a woman without a man is like a fish without a bicycle /ə ˈwʊmən wɪðˌaʊt ə ˈmæn ɪz laɪk ə ˈfɪʃ wɪðˌaʊt ə ˈbaɪsɪkl̩/ /ə ˈwʊmən wɪðˌaʊt ə ˈmæn ɪz laɪk ə ˈfɪʃ wɪðˌaʊt ə ˈbaɪˌsɪkəl/ phraseologicalUnit
kobieta tak potrzebuje mężczyzny, jak ryba potrzebuje roweru
(figuratively, humorous, simile) A woman is capable of living a complete and independent life without a man. [from 1970]

a- /a/ /eɪ/ /ə/ prefix
a-
Not, without, opposite of.

a.m. adv
przed południem
(used after the hour) In the 12-hour period from midnight to noon (the first half of the day) when using the 12-hour clock.

aah interjection
ach
Indication of amazement or surprise or enthusiasm.

aah aahs n
ach
Expression of amazement, surprise, enthusiasm, or fear.

aardvark /ˈɑɹd.vɑɹk/ /ˈɑːd.vɑːk/ aardvarks n
mrównik prosię ziemne
The nocturnal, insectivorous, burrowing, mammal Orycteropus afer, of the order Tubulidentata, somewhat resembling a pig, common in some parts of sub-Saharan Africa. [from late 18th c.]

aardwolf /ˈɑɹd.ˌwʊlf/ /ˈɑːdˌwʊlf/ aardwolfs aardwolves n
protel
A nocturnal, insectivorous mammal, Proteles cristatus, of southern and eastern Africa, related to and resembling the hyena. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]

ab /æb/ abs n
mięsień prosty brzucha
(informal) abdominal muscle. [Mid 20th century.]

ab intra /ˌæb ˈɪn.tɹə/ adv
ab intra

ab wheel ab wheels n
kółko wałek
A piece of exercise equipment designed to be gripped in one or both hands and torqued in the course of sagittally abducting the pronated shoulders with the core resisting flexion and extension.

aba /əˈbɑ/ /əˈbɑː/ abas n
abaja
A loose-fitting sleeveless garment, made from aba or silk, worn by Arabs. [First attested in the early 19th century.]

abaca /ˈæb.əˌkɑ/ /ˈæb.əˌkɑː/ /ˈæb.əˌkə/ abacas n
banan manilski
(uncountable) The fiber of this plant, used in rope, fibers, and cloth. [First attested in the mid 18th century.]

abacavir /əˈbak.əˌvɪə/ /əˈbæk.əˌvɪɹ/ n
abakawir

abacist /ə.ˈbæ.kəst/ /əˈbɑ.kəst/ /ˈæb.ə.kəst/ /ˈæb.ə.səst/ /ˈæb.ə.sɪst/ abacists n
abacysta
One who uses an abacus in casting accounts; a calculator. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]

aback /əˈbæk/ adv
do tyłu wstecz
(archaic) Towards the back or rear; backwards. [First attested prior to 1150.]
bieg wsteczny z tyłu
(nautical) Backward against the mast; said of the sails when pressed by the wind from the "wrong" (forward) side, or of a ship when its sails are set that way. [First attested in the late 17th century.]

abactor /æˈbæk.tɚ/ /ˈæˌbæk.tɚ/ abactors n
złodziej bydła
(legal, archaic) One who steals and drives away cattle or beasts by herds or droves; a cattle rustler.

abacus /ˈæbə.kəs/ abaci abacuses n
liczydło abakus abak
(historical, obsolete) A table or tray scattered with sand which was used for calculating or drawing. [attested from c. 1387]
A device used for performing arithmetical calculations; (rare) a table on which loose counters are placed, or (more commonly) an instrument with beads sliding on rods, or counters in grooves, with one row of beads or counters representing units, the next tens, etc. [from late 17th c.]
abakus liczydło
(architecture) The uppermost portion of the capital of a column immediately under the architrave, in some cases a flat oblong or square slab, in others more decorated. [from mid 16th c.]

abalone /æb.əˈloʊ.ni/ /æb.əˈləʊ.ni/ /ˈæb.əˌloʊ.ni/ abalones n
słuchotka ucho morskie
(North America, Australia) An edible univalve mollusc of the genus Haliotis, having a shell lined with mother-of-pearl. [from mid-19th c.]

abamectin abamectins n
abamektyna
A widely-used insecticide, acaricide and anthelminthic.

abandon /əˈbæn.dən/ v
porzucić porzucać
(transitive) To give up or relinquish control of, to surrender or to give oneself over, or to yield to one's emotions. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)]
opuścić opuszczać wyrzec się wyrzekać się
(transitive) To desist in doing, practicing, following, holding, or adhering to; to turn away from; to permit to lapse; to renounce; to discontinue. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)]
wyrzec się wyrzekać się
(transitive) To leave behind; to desert, as in a ship, a position, or a person, typically in response to overwhelming odds or impending dangers; to forsake, in spite of a duty or responsibility. [First attested in the late 15th century.]
wyganiać wygonić
(transitive, obsolete) To cast out; to banish; to expel; to reject. [Attested from the mid 16th century until the mid 17th century.]

abandon hope all ye who enter here phraseologicalUnit
porzućcie wszelką nadzieję, wy, którzy wchodzicie
Supposed inscription at the gate of hell.

abandon ship v
dezertować
(by extension) To leave a person or organization when things become difficult.

abandoned /əˈbæn.dn̩d/ more abandoned most abandoned adj
opuszczony
No longer maintained by its former owners, residents, or caretakers; forsaken, deserted. [Late 15th century]

abandonment /əˈbæn.dn̩.mn̩t/ abandonments n
abandon
The act of abandoning, or the state of being abandoned; total desertion; relinquishment. [Late 16th century.]

abandonware abandonwares n
abandonware
(software, chiefly, _, video games) A software product that is no longer updated or maintained, or whose copyright is no longer defended or which is no longer marketed even by the company who made it.

abash /əˈbæʃ/ v
speszyć zawstydzać
(transitive) To make ashamed; to embarrass; to destroy the self-possession of, as by exciting suddenly a consciousness of guilt, mistake, or inferiority; to disconcert; to discomfit. [First attested from around (1150 to 1350).]

abashed /əˈbæʃt/ more abashed most abashed adj
speszony zawstydzony zmieszany
Embarrassed, disconcerted, or ashamed.

abashment /əˈbæʃ.mənt/ abashments n
zakłopotanie zmieszanie
The state of being abashed; embarrassment from shame. [First attested from 1350 to 1470.]

abasia /ə.ˈbeɪ.zi.ə/ /ə.ˈbeɪ.ʒi.ə/ /ə.ˈbeɪ.ʒə/ abasias n
abazja
(medical) An inability to walk due to a defect in muscular coordination.

abatacept n
abatacept
(pharmaceutical drug) A fusion protein composed of an immunoglobulin fused to the extracellular domain of CTLA-4, a molecule capable of binding B7, used to treat rheumatoid arthritis.

abatis /ˈæbətiː/ /ˈæbətiːz/ /ˈæbətəs/ abatis abatises n
zasiek
A means of defense formed by felled trees, or sometimes by bent trees, the ends of whose branches are sharpened and directed outwards, or against the enemy, and more recently fortified with barbed wire. [Mid 19th century.]

abaton abatons n
abaton
(historical) In Ancient Greece, an enclosure in the temple of Asclepios where patients slept.

abattoir /ˈæb.əˌtwɑ/ /ˈæb.əˌtwɑɹ/ /ˈæb.əˌtwɑː(ɹ)/ abattoirs n
rzeźnia ubojnia
A public slaughterhouse for cattle, sheep, etc. [Early 19th century.]
jatka rzeźnia
A place or event likened to a slaughterhouse, because of great carnage or bloodshed.

abaxial /æbˈæk.si.əl/ /ˌæˈbæk.si.əl/ adj
odosiowy
(botany, zoology) Of a side that is facing away from the axis or central line, such as the underside of a leaf; or the back of an animal. [Mid 19th century.]

abaxially adv
odosiowo
In an abaxial manner.

abaya /əˈbeɪ.jə/ abayas n
abaja
Synonym of aba

abbacy /ˈæb.ə.si/ abbacies n
opactwo
The dignity, estate, term, or jurisdiction of an abbot or abbess. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]

abbatial /əˈbeɪ.ʃl̩/ /ˈæˌbeɪ.ʃl̩/ more abbatial most abbatial adj
opacki
Belonging to, relating to, or pertaining to an abbey, abbot, or abbess. [Late 17th century.]

abbess /ˈæb.ɛs/ /ˈæb.ɪs/ abbesses n
opatka przeorysza ksieni
A female superior or governess of a nunnery, or convent of nuns, having the same authority over the nuns which the abbots have over the monks. [First attested around 1150 to 1350]

abbey /ˈæb.i/ abbeys n
opactwo
A monastery or society of people, secluded from the world and devoted to religion and celibacy, which is headed by an abbot or abbess; also, the monastic building or buildings. [First attested around 1150 to 1350.]
The church of a monastery. [First attested around 1150 to 1350.]

abbot /ˈæb.ət/ abbots n
opat
The superior or head of an abbey or monastery. [First attested around the early 12th century.]

abbreviate /ə.ˈbɹiː.vi.eɪt/ /əˈbɹi.vi.eɪt/ v
skracać skrócić
(transitive) To make shorter; to shorten (in time); to abridge; to shorten by ending sooner than planned. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]

abbreviated /əˈbɹi.viˌeɪ.tɪd/ /əˈbɹiːvieɪtɪd/ more abbreviated most abbreviated adj
skrócony
Shortened; made briefer.
Relatively short; shorter than normal, or compared to others.

abbreviation /əˌbɹi.viˈeɪ.ʃn̩/ /əˌbɹiː.viˈeɪ.ʃən/ abbreviations n
skrót skrócenie skrótowiec
(linguistics) A shortened or contracted form of a word or phrase, used to represent the whole, utilizing omission of letters, and sometimes substitution of letters, or duplication of initial letters to signify plurality, including signs such as +, =, @. [Late 16th century.]
abrewiatura
(music) One or more dashes through the stem of a note, dividing it respectively into quavers, semiquavers, demisemiquavers, or hemidemisemiquavers.
redukcja skracanie
(mathematics) Reduction to lower terms, as a fraction.

abbreviator /-ɛɪ.tɚ/ /əˈbɹi.viˌeɪ.tɚ/ /əˈbɹiː.viˌeɪ.tɚ/ abbreviators n
abrewiator
A person who abbreviates or shortens. [from early 16th c.]

abciximab /æbˈsɪk.sɪˌmæb/ n
abciksimab
(pharmaceutical drug) A powerful anticlotting drug (trademark ReoPro) that inhibits platelet aggregation by binding to a glycoprotein receptor on human platelets and that consists of the Fab fragment from a chimeric monoclonal antibody prepared from humans and mice.

abdicate /ˈæb.dɪˌkeɪt/ v
abdykować
(transitive) To surrender, renounce or relinquish, as sovereign power; to withdraw definitely from filling or exercising, as a high office, station, dignity; to fail to fulfill responsibility for. [from mid 17th c.]
(intransitive) To relinquish or renounce a throne, or other high office or dignity; to renounce sovereignty. [First attested in the early 18th c.]

abdication /ˌæb.dəˈkeɪ.ʃən/ abdications n
abdykacja
The act of abdicating; the renunciation of a high office, dignity, or trust, by its holder. [First attested in the early 17th century.]

abdicational adj
abdykacyjny

abdomen /æbˈdoʊ.mən/ /æbˈdəʊ.mən/ /ˈæb.də.mən/ abdomens abdomina n
brzuch abdomen
(obsolete) The fat surrounding the belly. [mid 16th c. – late 17th c.]
abdomen odwłok
(zoology, entomology) The posterior section of the body, behind the thorax, in insects, crustaceans, and other Arthropoda. [from late 18th c.]

abdominal /æbˈdɑm.ə.nl̩/ /æbˈdɒm.ə.nl̩/ /əbˈdɑm.ə.nl̩/ /əbˈdɒm.ə.nl̩/ more abdominal most abdominal adj
brzuszny abdominalny odwłokowy
Of or pertaining to the abdomen; ventral. [Mid 18th century.]

abdominal cavity abdominal cavities n
jama brzuszna
(anatomy) The hollow portion of the torso within the abdomen, containing the abdominal organs, in mammals below the diaphragm.

abdominally /æbˈdɑm.ɪ.nə.li/ adv
brzusznie
In the area of the abdomen. [Late 19th century.]

abdominoplasty /æbˈdɑm.ɪ.noʊˌplæs.ti/ abdominoplasties n
abdominoplastyka
(surgery, uncountable) The surgical removal of excess flesh from the abdomen, usually for cosmetic reasons.

abduct /æbˈdʌkt/ /əbˈdʌkt/ v
uprowadzać uprowadzić
(transitive) To take away by force; to carry away (a human being) wrongfully and usually with violence or deception; to kidnap. [Early 17th century.]

abduction /æbˈdək.ʃn̩/ /æbˈdʌk.ʃn̩/ /əbˈdək.ʃn̩/ /əbˈdʌk.ʃn̩/ /ˈeɪ.ˈbiː.dʌk.ʃn̩/ abductions n
porwanie uprowadzenie
Leading away; a carrying away. [Early 17th century.]
abdukcja
(anatomy) The act of abducing or abducting; a drawing apart; the movement which separates a limb or other part from the axis, or middle line, of the body. [Mid 17th century.]
(logic) A syllogism or form of argument in which the major premise is evident, but the minor is only probable. [Late 17th century.]

abductional adj
abdukcyjny

abductor /æbˈdʌk.tɚ/ abductores abductors n
porywacz porywaczka uprowadziciel uprowadzicielka
One who abducts; a kidnapper. [mid 19th century]
abduktor mięsień odwodziciel mięsień odwodzący odwodziciel
(anatomy) A muscle which serves to draw a part out, or from the median line of the body[early 17th century]

abelian /əˈbi.li.ən/ /əˈbil.jən/ /əˈbiːlɪən/ adj
abelowa przemienna
(mathematics) Of a binary function, commutative.

abelian group /əˈbi.li.ən ɡɹup/ /əˈbil.jən ɡɹup/ abelian groups n
grupa abelowa grupa przemienna
(algebra) A group in which the group operation is commutative.

abelisaur abelisaurs n
abelizaur

abend /əˈbɛnd/ /ˈæbɛnd/ abends n
przerwanie
(computing) The abnormal termination of a program.

aberrant /əˈbeɹ.ənt/ /əˈbɛɹ.ənt/ /ˈæb.ə.ɹənt/ more aberrant most aberrant adj
nienormalny
Differing from the norm. [First attested sometime between the mid 16th century and the early 17th century.]
(sometimes, figuratively) Straying from the right way; deviating from morality or truth. [First attested in the mid 18th century.]
dziwaczny
(botany, zoology) Deviating from the ordinary or natural type; exceptional; abnormal. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]

aberration /ˌæb.əˈɹeɪ.ʃn̩/ aberrations n
aberracja
(optics) The convergence to different foci, by a lens or mirror, of rays of light emanating from one and the same point, or the deviation of such rays from a single focus; a defect in a focusing mechanism that prevents the intended focal point. [Mid 18th century.]
(astronomy) A small periodical change of the apparent positions of the stars and other heavenly bodies, due to the combined effect of the motion of light and the motion of the observer. [Mid 18th century.]
A mental disorder, especially one of a minor or temporary character. [Early 19th century.]
(zoology, botany) Atypical development or structure; deviation from the normal type; an aberrant organ. [Mid 19th century.]

aberrational /ˌæb.əˈɹeɪ.ʃnl̩/ /ˌæb.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən.l̩/ more aberrational most aberrational adj
aberracyjny
Characterized by aberration. [Mid 19th century.]

aberrationality n
aberracyjność

aberrometer aberrometers n
aberrometr
A device that measures refractive aberrations of the eye

abetalipoproteinemia /eɪˌbeɪ.təˌlɪp.oʊˌpɹoʊ.tiˈni.mi.ə/ abetalipoproteinemias n
abetalipoproteinemia
(disease) A rare autosomal recessive disorder that interferes with the normal absorption of fat and fat-soluble vitamins from food.

abhor /æbˈhɔɹ/ /əbˈhɔɹ/ /əbˈhɔː(ɹ)/ v
czuć odrazę nie cierpieć
(transitive) To regard (someone or something) as horrifying or detestable; to feel great repugnance toward. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]

abide by v
stosować się
(transitive) To accept (a decision or law) and act in accordance with it; to conform to (a decision or law); to acquiesce to (a decision or law).

abietic acid /ˌæb.iˈɛd.ɪk ˈæ.sɪd/ n
kwas abietynowy
(organic compound) A yellowish resin acid isolated from rosin and used in varnishes and esters for plasticizers; C19H29COOH

abietin n
abietyna
(organic chemistry) A resin obtained from Strasburg turpentine or Canada balsam. It is without taste or smell, is insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol (especially at the boiling point), in strong acetic acid, and in ether.

abietinic adj
abietynowy

ability /əˈbɪl.ə.ti/ /əˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/ abilities n
zdolność
(uncountable) The quality or state of being able; capacity to do or of doing something; having the necessary power. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]

abiogenesis /-nɪ-/ /-ˌbaɪə-/ /-ˌbiːoʊ-/ /-ˌbiːə-/ /ˌeɪbaɪəʊˈdʒɛnəsɪs/ /ˌeɪˌbaioʊˈd͡ʒɛnəsɪs/ abiogeneses n
abiogeneza samorództwo archigonia
(evolutionary theory) The origination of living organisms from lifeless matter; such genesis as does not involve the action of living parents. [from 1870]

abiogenetic /ˌeɪ.bai.oʊ.d͡ʒəˈnɛt.ɪk/ adj
abiogenny
(biology) Of or pertaining to abiogenesis, originated by abiogenesis.

abiological /ˌeɪ.baɪ.əˈlɑd͡ʒ.ə.kl̩/ /ˌeɪ.baɪ.əˈlɑd͡ʒ.ɪ.kl̩/ adj
abiologiczny
(biology) Pertaining to inanimate things; not produced by organisms. [Mid 19th century.]

abiologically /ˌeɪ.baɪ.əˈlɑd͡ʒ.ə.kli/ /ˌeɪ.baɪ.əˈlɑd͡ʒ.ə.kə.li/ /ˌeɪ.baɪ.əˈlɑd͡ʒ.ɪ.kli/ /ˌeɪ.baɪ.əˈlɑd͡ʒ.ɪ.kə.li/ adv
abiologicznie

abiology n
abiologia
(science) The sciences, such as geology and astronomy, that collectively deal with inorganic or lifeless bodies.

abiotic /ˌeɪ.baɪˈɑt.ɪk/ adj
abiotyczny
Nonliving, inanimate, characterised by the absence of life; of inorganic matter. [Mid 20th century.]

abiotically /ˌeɪ.baɪˈɑt.ɪk.li/ adv
abiotycznie
In an abiotic manner; in the absence of life. [mid 20th century.]

abjad abjads n
abdżad
A writing system for Arabic, historically also employed as a numeral system, in which there is one glyph (symbol or letter) for each consonant but vowels are not specified.
(linguistics) Any writing system in which glyphs are used to represent consonants or consonantal phonemes, but not vowels.

abjudication /əbˌd͡ʒuː.dɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ abjudications n
abiudykacja

abjuration /ˌæb.d͡ʒəˈɹeɪ.ʃn̩/ /ˌæb.d͡ʒʊɹˈɹeɪ.ʃn̩/ /ˌæb.d͡ʒʊˈɹeɪ.ʃn̩/ abjurations n
abiuracja
A solemn recantation or renunciation on oath; as, an abjuration of heresy. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]

abjure /æbˈd͡ʒʊɹ/ v
wyrzec się wyrzekać się
(transitive) To reject with solemnity; to abandon forever; to repudiate; to disclaim. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]

ablactation /ˌæb.lækˈteɪ.ʃn̩/ ablactations n
ablaktacja
The weaning of a child from the breast, or of young animals from their dam. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]

ablation /æbˈleɪ.ʃn̩/ /əˈbleɪ.ʃn̩/ ablations n
ablacja
(surgery) The surgical removal of a body part, an organ, or especially a tumor; the removal of an organ function; amputation. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]
(sciences) The progressive removal of material by any of a variety of processes such as melting or vaporization under heat or chipping. [Mid 20th century.]

ablational adj
ablacyjny

ablationally adv
ablacyjnie

ablative /əˈbleɪ.tɪv/ /ˈæb.lə.tɪv/ adj
ablatywny
(grammar) Applied to one of the cases of the noun in some languages, the fundamental meaning of the case being removal, separation, or taking away, and to a lesser degree, instrument, place, accordance, specifications, price, or measurement. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]

ablative case ablative cases n
ablatyw pochodnik
(grammar) A noun case used in some languages to indicate movement away from something, removal, separation. In English grammar, it corresponds roughly to the use in English of prepositions "of", "from", "away from", and "concerning". In Latin grammar, the ablative case (cāsus ablātīvus) includes functions derived from the Indo-European ablative, instrumental, comitative, associative and locative cases; these cases express concepts similar to those of the English prepositions "of"/"from", "by", "with", "to"/"with", and "at"/"in", respectively. Here/hence/hither, there/thence/thither, and where/whence/whither are the only English words with separate forms for the ablative (motion away from) and lative (motion towards) cases.

ablatively /ˌæb.lə.ˈtaɪv.li/ more ablatively most ablatively adv
ablatywnie

ablativity /ˌabləˈtɪvɪti/ n
ablatywność
(grammar) The nature of the ablative case.

ablaut /ˈæbˌlaʊt/ /ˈɑbˌlaʊt/ /ˈɑpˌlaʊt/ ablauts n
przegłos alternacja apofonia
(phonology) The substitution of one root vowel for another, thus indicating a corresponding modification of use or meaning; vowel permutation, distinct from the phonetic influence of a succeeding vowel. [Mid 19th century.]

ablaze /əˈbleɪz/ more ablaze most ablaze adj
w ogniu
Burning fiercely; in a blaze; on fire. [18th century.]
rozjarzony
In a state of glowing excitement, ardent desire, or other strong emotion. [17th century.]

ablaze /əˈbleɪz/ more ablaze most ablaze adv
w ogniu
On fire; in a blaze. [Early 19th century.]

able /ˈeɪ.bəl/ [ˈeɪ̯.bɫ̩] abler ablest adj
mieć możliwość móc potrafić
Free from constraints preventing completion of task; permitted to; not prevented from. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]
zdolny umiejętny zręczny
Gifted with skill, intelligence, knowledge, or competence. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]

able-bodied seaman able-bodied seamen n
mat
A seaman, especially one in the merchant navy, who has been trained or certified in all routine duties; a member of the Royal Navy rated between ordinary seaman and leading seaman or boatswain's mate

ablegate /ˈæb.lə.ɡeɪt/ /ˈæb.lə.ɡət/ ablegates n
ablegat
(Roman Catholicism) A representative of the pope charged with important commissions in foreign countries, one of his duties being to bring to a newly named cardinal his insignia of office.

ableism /ˈeɪ.bəl.ɪz.m̩/ n
handicapizm ableizm
Discrimination against persons with disabilities or in favour of those without. [from late 20th c.]

abloom /əˈbluːm/ adv
w kwiatach
(postpositive) In or into bloom; in a blooming state; having flower blooms unfolding. [Mid 19th century.]

ablution /əˈblu.ʃn̩/ /əˈbluː.ʃn̩/ ablutions n
ablucja obmycie
The act of washing or cleansing the body, or some part of it, as a religious rite. [From mid 16th century.]

ablutive adj
ablucyjny

ably /ˈeɪ.bli/ /ˈeɪ.bə.li/ more ably most ably adv
umiejętnie zręcznie
In an able manner; with great ability. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]

abnormal /əbˈnɔɹ.ml̩/ /ˈæbˌnɔɹ.ml̩/ more abnormal most abnormal adj
nienormalny anormalny
Not conforming to rule or system; deviating from the usual or normal type. [First attested around the mid 19th century.]
Of or pertaining to that which is irregular, in particular, behaviour that deviates from norms of social propriety or accepted standards of mental health. [First attested around the early 20th century.]

abnormality /ˌæbˌnɔɹˈmæl.ət.i/ /ˌæbˌnɔɹˈmæl.ɪt.i/ /ˌæbˌnɚˈmæl.ət.i/ /ˌæbˌnɚˈmæl.ɪt.i/ abnormalities n
anormalność nienormalność
The state or quality of being abnormal; variation; irregularity. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]
Something abnormal; an aberration; an abnormal occurrence or feature. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]

abnormally /æbˈnɔɹ.mə.li/ more abnormally most abnormally adv
anormalnie nienormalnie
In an abnormal manner; in a way that deviates from a standard, norm, or average. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]

abode /əˈboʊd/ /əˈbəʊd/ [ʔəˈboʊːd̥̚] abodes n
miejsce zamieszkania sadyba siedziba
(dated, or, legal) Stay or continuance in a place; sojourn. [Attested from (1350 to 1470) to the mid 18th century.]
(formal) A residence, dwelling or habitation. [First attested from around 1350 to 1470.]

abolish /əˈbɑl.əʃ/ /əˈbɑl.ɪʃ/ /əˈbɒlɪʃ/ v
znosić obalać obalić znieść
To end a law, system, institution, custom or practice. [First attested from around 1350 to 1470.]

abolishment /əˈbɑl.ɪʃ.mənt/ abolishments n
zniesienie
The act of abolishing; abolition; destruction. [First attested from the mid 16th century.]

abolitional /ˌæbəˈlɪʃənəl/ adj
abolicyjny
Relating to abolition.

abolitionism /ˌæb.əˈlɪʃ.əˌnɪz.m̩/ abolitionisms n
abolicjonizm
Support for the abolition of something; the tenets of abolitionists. [First attested in the early 19th century.]

abolitionist /ˌæ.bə.ˈlɪʃ.n̩.əst/ /ˌæ.bə.ˈlɪʃ.n̩.ɪst/ more abolitionist most abolitionist adj
abolicjonistyczny
(historical) In favor of the abolition of slavery. [since the late 18th century]

abolitionist /ˌæ.bə.ˈlɪʃ.n̩.əst/ /ˌæ.bə.ˈlɪʃ.n̩.ɪst/ abolitionists n
abolicjonista abolicjonistka
A person who favors the abolition of any particular institution or practice. [since the late 18th century]

abomasum /ˌæb.oʊˈmeɪ.səm/ abomasa abomasums n
trawieniec
(biology, food) The fourth or digestive compartment of the stomach of a cow or other ruminant, after the omasum;the lining of said compartment, considered as a foodstuff.

abominable /ɘˈbɔm.ɘ.nɘ.bɯ/ /əˈbɑm.nə.bl̩/ /əˈbɑm.ə.nə.bl̩/ more abominable most abominable adj
ohydny niegodziwy odrażający plugawy
Worthy of, or causing, abhorrence, as a thing of evil omen; odious in the utmost degree; very hateful; detestable; loathsome; execrable. [first attested around 1150 to 1350]

abominable snowman /əˈbɑm.nə.bl̩ ˈsnoʊ.mæn/ /əˈbɑm.ə.nə.bl̩ ˈsnoʊ.mæn/ abominable snowmen n
człowiek śniegu
(cryptozoology, often, capitalized) A humanoid or apelike animal said to exist in the Himalayas.

abomination /əˌbɑ.məˈneɪ.ʃən/ /əˌbɑ.mɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ /əˌbɒ.mɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ abominations n
abominacja
(uncountable) The feeling of extreme disgust and hatred [from ca. 1350–1470]

aboral /æbˈɔɹ.l̩/ /æbˈɔːɹ.l̩/ more aboral most aboral adj
aboralny
(zoology) Situated opposite to, or away from, the mouth. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]

aborally /æbˈɔɹ.ə.li/ /æbˈɔːɹ.ə.li/ more aborally most aborally adv
aboralnie
In an aboral way; away from the mouth. [First attested in the late 19th century.]

aboriginal /ˌæb.əˈɹɪd͡ʒ.n̩.l̩/ /ˌæb.əˈɹɪd͡ʒ.ɪn.l̩/ more aboriginal most aboriginal adj
aborygeński
First according to historical or scientific records; original; indigenous; primitive. [First attested in the mid 17th century.]

aborigine /ˌæb.əˈɹɪd͡ʒ.ɪ.ni/ aborigines n
aborygen autochton krajowiec tubylec
A native inhabitant of a country; a member of the original people. [First attested in the early 19th century.]

aborning /əˈbɔɹ.nɪŋ/ adv
w powijakach
(chiefly, North America) That is in the process of being born; coming into existence; before coming to completion. [First attested in the mid 20th century.]

abort /əˈbɔɹt/ /əˈbɔːt/ v
przerwać
(transitive, computing) To terminate a process prior to completion.

aborter aborters n
aborcjonista aborcjonistka aborter
One who or that which aborts.

abortion /əˈbɔɹ.ʃn̩/ abortions n
aborcja abort
An induced abortion.
(medicine) The expulsion from the womb of a foetus or embryo before it is fully developed, with loss of the foetus.[from 16th c.]
(biology) Arrest of development of any organ, so that it remains an imperfect formation or is absorbed. [from 18th c.]
poronienie abort
A spontaneous abortion; a miscarriage.

abortional /əˈbɔɹ.ʃn̩.l̩/ more abortional most abortional adj
aborcyjny
(rare) Pertaining to abortion; miscarrying; abortive. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]

abortionism n
aborcjonizm
The advocacy or practice of abortion.

abortionist /əˈbɔɹ.ʃə.nɪst/ abortionists n
aborcjonista aborcjonistka aborter
(now, sometimes, offensive) A person who performs abortions, especially illegally or secretly. [from 1844]

abortive /əˈbɔɹ.tɪv/ /əˈbɔː.tɪv/ more abortive most abortive adj
aborcyjny
(obsolete) Produced by abortion; born prematurely and therefore unnatural. [c. 1400–mid 1700s]
(medicine, pharmaceutical effect, rare) Causing abortion; abortifacient.
nieudany
Coming to nothing; failing in its effect. [from late 1500s].

about /əˈbaʊt/ /əˈbɛʊt/ /əˈbʌʊt/ [əˈboʊt] [əˈbɐʊt] adv
dookoła wokoło wokół
On all sides; around. [from before 1150]
tu i tam tu i ówdzie wokoło wszędzie
Here and there; around; in one place and another; up and down. [from before 1150]
około niemal prawie
Nearly; approximately; with close correspondence in quality, manner, degree, quantity, or time; almost. [from before 1150]
wstecz
To a reversed order; half round; facing in the opposite direction; from a contrary point of view. [from ca. 1350–1470]
wkoło
(archaic) In circuit; circularly; by a circuitous way; around the outside; in circumference. [from ca. 1350–1470]

about /əˈbaʊt/ /əˈbɛʊt/ /əˈbʌʊt/ [əˈboʊt] [əˈbɐʊt] preposition
około
dookoła wokoło wokół
In a circle around; all round; on every side of; on the outside of. [from before 1150]
ponad
Over or upon different parts of; through or over in various directions; here and there in; to and fro in; throughout. [from ca. 1150–1350]
o
Concerning; with regard to; on account of; on the subject of; to affect. [from ca. 1150–1350]
Concerned with; engaged in; intent on. [from ca. 1150–1350]
przy
(figurative) In or near, as in mental faculties or (literally) in the possession of; under the control of; at one's command; in one's makeup. [from ca. 1350–1470]

about time adv
najwyższy czas o czasie
Close to the right time.
najwyższy czas
(idiomatic, often, sarcastic) Far past the desired time.

about to phraseologicalUnit
właśnie zaraz
(idiomatic, with infinitive verb) Indicates something that will happen very soon; indicates action that is imminent.

about-face /əˈbaʊtˌfeɪs/ about-faces n
o 180 stopni w tył zwrot
(military) An abrupt turn to face the opposite direction.

above /əˈbʌv/ adj
powyższy
(by ellipsis) Being located higher on the same page or on a preceding page. [first attested in the mid 18th century.]

above /əˈbʌv/ adv
powyżej
Higher in the same page; earlier in the order as far as writing products go. [first attested before 1150.]
powyżej na górze
In a higher place; upstairs; farther upstream. [first attested around 1150–1350]

above /əˈbʌv/ preposition
nad powyżej
In or to a higher place; higher than; on or over the upper surface. [first attested before 1150]
ponad
Surpassing in number or quantity; more than. [first attested around 1350–1470]
nad ponad powyżej
Too proud to stoop to; averse to; disinclined towards;

above all
przede wszystkim
Of prime importance; before anything else; especially.

above average
ponadprzeciętny
Better than average.

above board
jawnie otwarcie
(idiomatic) Openly, without deceit.
uczciwie
(idiomatic) Honestly, reputably.

above ground /əˈbʌvˌɡɹaʊnd/
nadziemny
On or above the surface of the ground.

above the law
ponad prawem
(idiomatic) Exempt from the laws that apply to everyone else.

above-mentioned /əˈbʌvˌmɛnʃn̩d/ adj
powyższy wyżej ukazany wyżej wymieniony
Mentioned or named before; aforesaid.

abracadabra /ˌab.ɹə.kəˈdab.ɹə/ /ˌæb.ɹə.kəˈdæb.ɹə/ interjection
abrakadabra
Used to indicate that a magic trick or other illusion has been performed. [from 19th c.]

abracadabra /ˌab.ɹə.kəˈdab.ɹə/ /ˌæb.ɹə.kəˈdæb.ɹə/ abracadabras n
abrakadabra
A use of the mystical term ‘abracadabra’, supposed to work as part of a healing charm or a magical spell; any spell or incantation making use of the word. [from 16th c.]
Mumbo jumbo; obscure language or technicalities; jargon. [from 19th c.]

abrade /əˈbɹeɪd/ v
abradować
(transitive) To rub or wear off; erode. [First attested in the late 17th century.]

abrasion /əˈbɹeɪ.ʒn̩/ abrasions n
abrazja
The act of abrading, wearing, or rubbing off; the wearing away by friction. [First attested in the mid 17th century.]
(geology) The effect of mechanical erosion of rock, especially a river bed, by rock fragments scratching and scraping it. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]
przetarcie abrazja
(medicine) A superficial wound caused by scraping; an area of skin where the cells on the surface have been scraped or worn away. [First attested in the mid 20th century.]

abrasional /əˈbɹeɪ.ʒn̩.l̩/ more abrasional most abrasional adj
abrazyjny

abrasionally adv
abrazyjnie

abrasive /əˈbɹeɪ.sɪv/ /əˈbɹeɪ.zɪv/ more abrasive most abrasive adj
ścierny
Producing abrasion; rough enough to wear away the outer surface. [First attested in 1805.]
szorstki
Being rough and coarse in manner or disposition; overly aggressive and causing irritation. [First attested in 1925.]

abreast /əˈbɹɛst/ adv
obok siebie
Side by side and facing forward. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470.)]
na bieżąco
Informed, well-informed, familiar, acquainted. [First attested in the mid 17th century.]

abrenunciation /ˌæb.ɹi.nʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃn̩/ abrenunciations n
abrenuncjacja
(archaic) Absolute renunciation; repudiation; retraction. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]

abrin /ˈeɪ.bɹən/ /ˈeɪ.bɹɪn/ /ˈæ.bɹən/ /ˈæ.bɹɪn/ abrins n
abryna

abroad /əˈbɹɑd/ /əˈbɹɔd/ /əˈbɹɔːd/ adv
granica
Beyond the bounds of a country; in foreign countries. [from 1350–1470]

abroad /əˈbɹɑd/ /əˈbɹɔd/ /əˈbɹɔːd/ n
zagranica
(rare, Scotland) Countries or lands abroad. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]

abrogate /ˈæ.bɹə.ɡeɪt/ /ˈæ.bɹə.ɡət/ /ˈæb.ɹoʊˌɡeɪt/ /ˈæb.ɹəʊ.ɡeɪt/ /ˈæb.ɹəˌɡeɪt/ /ˈæb.ɹəˌɡət/ v
abrogować
(transitive, law) To annul by an authoritative act; to abolish by the authority of the maker or her or his successor; to repeal; — applied to the repeal of laws, decrees, ordinances, the abolition of customs, etc. [First attested in the early 16th century.]

abrogation /ˌæb.ɹəˈɡeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌæb.ɹəˈɡæɪ.ʃən/ [ˌæb.ɹəˈɡeɪ.ʃn̩] [ˌæb.ɹəˈɡæɪ.ʃn̩] abrogations n
abrogacja
The act of abrogating; a repeal by authority; abolition. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]

abrotine /ˈæ.bɹəˌtin/ abrotines n
abrotyna

abrupt /æbˈɹʌpt/ /əˈbɹʌpt/ abrupter abruptest more abrupt most abrupt adj
nagłe nagły
Without notice to prepare the mind for the event; sudden; hasty; unceremonious. [First attested in the late 16th century.]

abruptly /ə.ˈbɹʌpt.li/ /əˈbɹʌp.li/ more abruptly most abruptly adv
nagle bezceremonialnie improwizując raptem
In an abrupt manner; without giving notice, or without the usual forms; suddenly; precipitously. [First attested in the late 16th century.]

abscess /ˈæbsɛs/ /ˈæbsɪs/ abscesses n
ropień absces
(pathology) A cavity caused by tissue destruction, usually because of infection, filled with pus and surrounded by inflamed tissue. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]

abscissa /æbˈsɪs.ə/ abscissae abscissas abscissæ n
odcięta abscysa
(geometry) The first of the two terms by which a point is referred to, in a system of fixed rectilinear coordinate (Cartesian coordinate) axes. [First attested in the late 17th century.]

abscond /əbˈskɑnd/ /əbˈskɒnd/ v
uciec uciec od ukryć się przed uniknąć zbiec
(intransitive) To flee, often secretly; to steal away. [From mid 16th century.]
uciec zbiec
(intransitive) To hide, to be in hiding or concealment.
uciec od ukryć się przed uniknąć
(transitive, uncommon) To evade, to hide or flee from.

abseiler /ˈæb.seɪ.lɚ/ /ˈɑbˌzaɪ.lɚ/ /ˈɑpˌzaɪ.lɚ/ /ˈɑpˌzaɪ.l̩.ɚ/ abseilers n
schodząca po linie schodzący po linie
Someone who abseils.

absence /æbˈsɒns/ /ˈæb.s(ə)n̩s/ /ˈæb.s(ə)n̩ts/ /ˈæb.sn̩ts/ /ˈæbsɒns/ absences n
nieobecność absencja
A state of being away or withdrawn from a place or from companionship
absencja nieobecność
Failure to be present where one is expected, wanted, or needed; nonattendance; deficiency. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]
nieobecność absencja brak
Lack; deficiency; nonexistence. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]

absence makes the heart grow fonder proverb
krótkie rozstania scalają związki
(idiom) When someone or something is far away, one realizes how much one loves or misses them or it.

absent /ˈæb.sn̩t/ absenter absentest adj
nieobecny
(not comparable) Being away from a place; withdrawn from a place; not present; missing. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]
(not comparable) Not existing; lacking. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]
(comparable) Inattentive to what is passing; absent-minded; preoccupied. [First attested in the early 18th century.]

absent-minded /ˌæb.sn̩tˈmaɪn.dɪd/ more absent-minded most absent-minded adj
roztargniony
Absent in mind; often preoccupied; forgetful or careless due to distraction; easily distracted. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]

absent-minded professor absent-minded professors n
roztargniony profesor
(by extension) A person who tends to be oblivious to reality.

absent-mindedness /ˌæb.sn̩tˈmaɪn.dɪd.nəs/ absent-mindednesses n
roztargnienie
The characteristic or state of being easily distracted or preoccupied. [First attested in the late 19th century.]

absenteeism /æb.sənˈtiːˌɪz.m̩/ /ˌæb.sənˈtiˌɪz.m̩/ absenteeisms n
absencja
The state of being absent, especially frequently or without good reason; the practice of an absentee. [First attested in the early 19th century.]

absential adj
absencyjny

absentiality n
absencyjność

absinthe /ˈæb.sænθ/ /ˈæb.sæ̃θ/ /ˈæb.sɪnθ/ absinthes n
piołun
The herb absinthium Artemisia absinthium (grande wormwood); essence of wormwood. [from 1350–1470]
absynt piołunówka zielona wróżka
A distilled, highly alcoholic, anise-flavored liquor originally made from grande wormwood, anise, and other herbs. [from mid 19th c.]

absinthial /æbˈsɪnθiəl/ adj
absyntowy

absinthian more absinthian most absinthian adj
absyntowy

absinthin /ˈæbˌsɪn.θɪn/ n
absyntyna
(organic compound) The principal compound found in wormwood (Artemisia absinthium), having a bitter taste: C15H20O4

absinthine /ˈæbˌsɪn.θaɪn/ /ˈæbˌsɪn.θən/ more absinthine most absinthine adj
absyntowy

absinthol /ˈæb.sənˌθoʊl/ /ˈæb.sənˌθɔl/ n
absyntol

absolute /ˈæb.səˌljuːt/ /ˈæb.səˌlut/ /ˈæb.səˌluːt/ /ˌæb.səˈlut/ absoluter absolutest more absolute most absolute adj
absolutny bezwarunkowy bezwzględny
Free of restrictions, limitations, qualifications or conditions; unconditional. [first attested in the late 1400s]
absolutny
Free from imperfection, perfect, complete; especially, perfectly embodying a quality in its essential characteristics or to its highest degree. [first attested around 1400]
(especially, philosophy) Fundamental, ultimate, intrinsic; not relative; independent of references or relations to other things or standards. [first attested in the late 1700s]
bezwzględny
(grammar) Not immediately dependent on the other parts of the sentence; not in a syntactical relation with other parts of a text, or qualifying the text as a whole rather than any single word in it, like "it being over" in "it being over, she left". [first attested around 1350 to 1470]

absolute /ˈæb.səˌljuːt/ /ˈæb.səˌlut/ /ˈæb.səˌluːt/ /ˌæb.səˈlut/ absolutes n
absolut
(philosophy, usually capitalized, usually preceded by "the") A realm which exists without reference to anything else; that which can be imagined purely by itself; absolute ego.
(chemistry) A concentrated natural flower oil, used for perfumes; an alcoholic extract of a concrete.

absolute majority /ˈæb.səˌlut məˈd͡ʒɑɹ.ɪ.ti/ /ˌæb.səˈljut məˈd͡ʒɑɹ.ɪ.ti/ absolute majorities n
większość bezwzględna
A true numerical majority, more than 50% of the items being counted.

absolute monarchy absolute monarchies n
monarchia absolutna
(uncountable) The rule of such a monarch, as a form of government.

absolute value /ˈæb.səˌlut ˈvæl.ju/ /ˌæb.səˈljut ˈvæl.ju/ absolute values n
wartość bezwzględna
(mathematics) For a complex number a+bi, the principal square root of the sum of the squares of its real and imaginary parts, \sqrt{a^2+b^2}. Denoted by
|.

absolute zero /ˈæb.səˌlut ˈzi.ɹoʊ/ /ˌæb.səˈljut ˈzi.ɹoʊ/ absolute zeros n
zero bezwzględne
(physics) The coldest possible temperature, zero on the Kelvin scale, or approximately −273.15 °C, −459.67 °F; total absence of heat; temperature at which motion of all molecules would cease. [First attested in the early 19th century.]

absolutely /ˈæb.səˌl(j)uːt.li/ /ˈæb.səˌlut.li/ /ˌæb.səˈl(j)uːt.li/ /ˌæb.səˈlut.li/ adv
absolutnie koniecznie
In an absolute or unconditional manner; utterly, positively, wholly.
absolutnie bezwarunkowo bezwzględnie
Independently; viewed without relation to other things or factors.

absolutely /ˈæb.səˌl(j)uːt.li/ /ˈæb.səˌlut.li/ /ˌæb.səˈl(j)uːt.li/ /ˌæb.səˈlut.li/ interjection
absolutnie
Yes, certainly; expression indicating strong agreement.

absoluteness /ab.səˈluːt.nəs/ /ˈab.sə.luːt.nəs/ /ˈæb.səˌlut.nəs/ absolutenesses n
absolutność
(obsolete) The fact of being finished or perfected; completeness. [Attested from the mid 16th century until the 17th century.]
The fact of being without qualifications or conditions; certainty, unconditionality. [First attested in the 17th century.]

absolution /æb.səˈljuː.ʃn̩/ /ˌæb.səˈl(j)u.ʃn̩/ absolutions n
absolucja rozgrzeszenie
(ecclesiastical) An absolving of sins from ecclesiastical penalties by an authority. [First attested around 1150 to 1350.]
The form of words by which a penitent is absolved. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]
An absolving, or setting free from guilt, sin, or penalty; forgiveness of an offense. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]
(civil, _, legal, obsolete) An acquittal, or sentence of a judge declaring an accused person innocent. [First attested in the early 17th century.]

absolutism /ˈæb.sə.ljuː.tɪz.m̩/ /ˈæb.sə.luː.tɪz.m̩/ /ˈæb.səˌljuˌtɪz.m̩/ /ˈæb.səˌluˌtɪz.m̩/ absolutisms n
absolutyzm
(political science, sociology) The principles or practice of absolute or arbitrary government; despotism. [First attested in the early 19th century.]
(philosophy) Belief in a metaphysical absolute; belief in Absolute. [First attested in the late 19th century.]

absolutist /ˈæb.səˌljuː.tɪst/ /ˈæb.səˌlu.tɪst/ /ˈæb.səˌluː.tɪst/ more absolutist most absolutist adj
absolutystyczny autokratyczny jedynowładczy
Of or pertaining to absolutism; arbitrary; despotic; uncompromising. [from mid 19th c.]

absolutist /ˈæb.səˌljuː.tɪst/ /ˈæb.səˌlu.tɪst/ /ˈæb.səˌluː.tɪst/ absolutists n
absolutysta absolutystka
One who is in favor of an absolute or autocratic government. [from mid 19th c.]
(metaphysics) One who believes that it is possible to realize a cognition or concept of the Absolute. [from mid 19th c.]

absolutistically /ˈæb.səˌluˌtɪs.tɪk.li/ /ˈæb.səˌluˌtɪs.tɪk.l̩i/ more absolutistically most absolutistically adv
absolutystycznie

absolutive /ˌæbsəˈluːtɪv/ adj
absolutywny
(grammar) Of or pertaining to the grammatical case used to indicate the patient or experiencer of a verb’s action.

absolutive case absolutive cases n
absolutyw
(grammatical case) case used to indicate the patient or experiencer of a verb’s action. The absolutive case is used to mark the subject of an intransitive verb, as well as the object of a transitive verb (inasmuch as they are codified in the English nominative-accusative system). Some languages that employ the absolutive case include Abkhaz, Basque, Chechen, Dyirbal, Hindi, Inuktitut, Hiligaynon, and Yup'ik.

absolutization /ˌæb.səˌljut.əˈzeɪ.ʃn̩/ /ˌæb.səˌlut.əˈzeɪ.ʃn̩/ absolutizations n
absolutyzacja
An act, process or result of absolutizing. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]

absolutize /ˈæb.sə.lju.taɪz/ /ˈæb.sə.ljuː.taɪz/ /ˈæb.səˌlu.taɪz/ /ˈæb.səˌluː.taɪz/ v
absolutyzować zabsolutyzować
(transitive) To make absolute. [First attested in the mid 20th century.]

absolve /æbˈsɑlv/ /æbˈzɑlv/ /əbˈsɑlv/ /əbˈzɑlv/ /əbˈzɒlv/ v
absolwować rozgrzeszać rozgrzeszyć
(transitive) To pronounce free from or give absolution for a penalty, blame, or guilt. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]

absorb /æbˈsɔɹb/ /æbˈzɔɹb/ /əbˈsɔɹb/ /əbˈsɔːb/ /əbˈzɔɹb/ /əbˈzɔːb/ v
absorbować wchłaniać zaabsorbować chłonąć pochłaniać pochłonąć
(transitive) To include so that it no longer has separate existence; to overwhelm; to cause to disappear as if by swallowing up; to incorporate; to assimilate; to take in and use up. [first attested c. 1350 to 1470.]

absorbate /æb.sɔɹ.beɪt/ /æb.sɔɹ.bət/ /æb.zɔɹ.beɪt/ /æb.zɔɹ.bət/ /əb.sɔɹ.beɪt/ /əb.sɔɹ.bət/ /əb.zɔɹ.beɪt/ /əb.zɔɹ.bət/ absorbates n
absorbat
Any substance that has been absorbed.

absorbency /æb.sɔɹ.bn̩.si/ /æb.zɔɹ.bn̩.si/ /əb.sɔɹ.bn̩.si/ /əb.zɔɹ.bn̩.si/ absorbencies n
absorbancja
The quality of being absorbent.
(physics) The ratio of the absorbance or optical density of a substance to that of a similar body of pure solvent.

absorbent /æbˈsɔɹ.bn̩t/ /æbˈzɔɹ.bn̩t/ /əbˈsɔɹ.bn̩t/ /əbˈsɔː.bn̩t/ /əbˈzɔɹ.bn̩t/ /əbˈzɔː.bn̩t/ more absorbent most absorbent adj
absorbujący absorpcyjny chłonny pochłanający wchłanający
Having the ability or tendency to absorb; able to soak up liquid easily; absorptive. [First attested in the early 18th century.]

absorbent /æbˈsɔɹ.bn̩t/ /æbˈzɔɹ.bn̩t/ /əbˈsɔɹ.bn̩t/ /əbˈsɔː.bn̩t/ /əbˈzɔɹ.bn̩t/ /əbˈzɔː.bn̩t/ absorbents n
absorbent pochłaniacz
Anything which absorbs. [First attested in the early 18th century.]

absorber /æbˈsɔɹ.bɚ/ /æbˈzɔɹ.bɚ/ /əbˈsɔɹ.bɚ/ /əbˈzɔɹ.bɚ/ absorbers n
absorbent absorber pochłaniacz
A device which causes gas or vapor to be absorbed by a liquid. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]

absorptiometer /æbˌsɔɹp.tiˈɑm.ə.dɚ/ /æbˌsɔɹp.ʃiˈɑm.ə.dɚ/ /æbˌzɔɹp.tiˈɑm.ə.dɚ/ /æbˌzɔɹp.ʃiˈɑm.ə.dɚ/ /əbˌsɔːp.ʃɪˈɒ.mɪ.ɚ/ /əbˌzɔɹp.tiˈɑm.ə.dɚ/ /əbˌzɔɹp.ʃiˈɑm.ə.dɚ/ /əbˌzɔːp.ʃɪˈɒ.mɪ.ɚ/ absorptiometers n
absorpcjometr
An instrument that computes the absorption rate by measuring the pressure of the gas; a colorimeter for liquids. [First attested in the late 19th century.]

absorptiometric /æbˌsɔɹp.ʃi.oʊˈmɛ.tɹɪk/ /æbˌzɔɹp.ʃi.oʊˈmɛ.tɹɪk/ /əbˌsɔɹp.ti.oʊˈmɛ.tɹɪk/ /əbˌsɔɹp.ʃi.oʊˈmɛ.tɹɪk/ /əbˌzɔɹp.ti.oʊˈmɛ.tɹɪk/ /əbˌzɔɹp.ʃi.oʊˈmɛ.tɹɪk/ more absorptiometric most absorptiometric adj
absorpcjometryczny
Of or pertaining to the measurement of absorption.

absorptiometrically adv
absorpcjometrycznie

absorptiometry n
absorpcjometria
(chemistry) Analysis using an absorptiometer.

absorption /æbˈsɔɹp.ʃn̩/ /æbˈzɔɹp.ʃn̩/ /əbˈsɔɹp.ʃn̩/ /əbˈsɔːp.ʃn̩/ /əbˈzɔɹp.ʃn̩/ /əbˈzɔːp.ʃn̩/ absorptions n
absorpcja
(chemistry, physics) the imbibing or reception by molecular or chemical action, of radiant energy; the process of being neutrons being absorbed by the nucleus; interception. [First attested in the mid 18th century.]
absorpcja absorbowanie pochłanianie
The act or process of absorbing or of being absorbed as,
przyswajanie absorpcja
(physiology) in living organisms, the process by which the materials of growth and nutrition are absorbed and conveyed to the tissues and organs; taking in by various means, such as by osmosis. [First attested in the mid 18th century.]
zaabsorbowanie
Entire engrossment or occupation of the mind. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]

absorptional adj
absorpcyjny

absorptive /æbˈsɔɹp.tɪv/ /æbˈzɔɹp.tɪv/ /əbˈsɔɹp.tɪv/ /əbˈzɔɹp.tɪv/ more absorptive most absorptive adj
absorbujący chłonny pochłanający wchłanający
Having power, capacity, or tendency to absorb or imbibe; absorbent. [First attested in the mid 17th century.]

absorptive /æbˈsɔɹp.tɪv/ /æbˈzɔɹp.tɪv/ /əbˈsɔɹp.tɪv/ /əbˈzɔɹp.tɪv/ absorptives n
absorbent pochłaniacz
Any substance that absorbs.

absquatulate /æb.ˈskwɑt͡ʃ.ʊ.leɪt/ /æbz.ˈkwɑt͡ʃ.ə.leɪt/ /æbz.ˈkwɑt͡ʃ.ʊ.leɪt/ v
zwiewać
(intransitive, slang) To leave quickly or in a hurry; to depart, flee. [from 19th c.]

abstain /æbˈsteɪn/ /əbˈsteɪn/ v
powstrzymać powstrzymywać wstrzymać wstrzymywać
(intransitive) Refrain from (something or doing something); keep from doing, especially an indulgence. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]

abstainer /æbˈsteɪ.nɚ/ abstainers n
abstynent abstynentka
Agent noun of abstain; one who abstains; especially, one who abstains from something, such as the use of alcohol or drugs, or one who abstains for religious reasons; one who practices self-denial. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]

abstention /æbˈstɛn.t͡ʃn̩/ /æbˈstɛn.ʃn̩/ /əbˈstɛn.t͡ʃn̩/ /əbˈstɛn.ʃn̩/ abstentions n
abstynencja
(obsolete) The act of restraining oneself. [Attested from the early 16th century until the med 17th century.]
The act of abstaining or refraining (from). [First attested in the early 17th century.]

abstersion /æbˈstɜː.ʒn̩/ /æbˈstɝ.ʃn̩/ /æbˈstɝ.ʒn̩/ /əbˈstɝ.ʃn̩/ /əbˈstɝ.ʒn̩/ abstersions n
czyszczenie
(archaic) Act of wiping clean; a cleansing; a purging. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]

abstinence /ˈæb.stɪ.nəns/ abstinences n
abstynencja
Specifically, the practice of abstaining from intoxicating/alcoholic beverages; total abstinence; teetotalism). [First attested around 1150 to 1350.]
(business) Delay of spending to accrue capital.
abstynencja wstrzemięźliwość
The act or practice of abstaining, refraining from indulging a desire or appetite. [First attested around 1150 to 1350.]
wstrzemięźliwość abstynencja
Specifically, the practice of abstaining from sexual intercourse, either permanently or until marriage. [First attested around 1150 to 1350.]

abstinence syndrome /ˈæb.stə.nn̩s ˈsɪn.dɹoʊm/ /ˈæb.stə.nn̩ts ˈsɪn.dɹoʊm/ abstinence syndromes n
zespół abstynencyjny
(medical) The physical symptoms of an addict who is withdrawing; withdrawal.

abstinent /ˈæb.stə.nn̩t/ /ˈæb.stɪ.nn̩t/ more abstinent most abstinent adj
wstrzemięźliwy
Refraining from indulgence, especially from the indulgence of appetite. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]

abstinent /ˈæb.stə.nn̩t/ /ˈæb.stɪ.nn̩t/ abstinents n
abstynent
One who abstains; a faster. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]

abstinential more abstinential most abstinential adj
abstynencyjny
of or pertaining to abstinence

abstract /əbˈstɹækt/ /ˈæbˌstɹækt/ /ˌæbˈstɹækt/ abstracter abstractest more abstract most abstract adj
abstrakcyjny
Apart from practice or reality; vague; theoretical; impersonal; not applied.
Difficult to understand; abstruse; hard to conceptualize. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]
(arts, often, capitalized) Free from representational qualities, in particular the non-representational styles of the 20th century. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]

abstract /əbˈstɹækt/ /ˈæbˌstɹækt/ /ˌæbˈstɹækt/ abstracts n
streszczenie abstrakt podsumowanie
An abridgement or summary of a longer publication. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]
abstrakcja abstrakt
An abstraction; an abstract term; that which is abstract. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]
abstrakcja
(arts) An abstract work of art. [First attested in the early 20th century.]

abstract /əbˈstɹækt/ /ˈæbˌstɹækt/ /ˌæbˈstɹækt/ v
abstrahować odciągać odciągnąć wyabstrahować
To conceptualize an ideal subgroup by means of the generalization of an attribute, as follows: by apprehending an attribute inherent to one individual, then separating that attribute and contemplating it by itself, then conceiving of that attribute as a general quality, then despecifying that conceived quality with respect to several or many individuals, and by then ideating a group composed of those individuals perceived to possess said quality.
odciągać odciągnąć
(transitive) To draw off (interest or attention).
(transitive) To separate; to disengage. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]
(transitive, euphemistic) To steal; to take away; to remove without permission. [First attested in the late 15th century.]

abstract algebra /ˈæbˌstɹækt ˈæl.d͡ʒə.bɹə/ /ˈæbˌstɹækt ˈæl.d͡ʒɪ.bɹə/ n
algebra abstrakcyjna
(mathematics) The branch of mathematics concerned with algebraic structures, such as groups, rings, and fields.

abstractification abstractifications n
abstraktyzacja

abstraction /æbˈstɹæk.ʃn̩/ /əbˈstɹæk.ʃn̩/ abstractions n
abstrakcja
The act of focusing on one characteristic of an object rather than the object as a whole group of characteristics; the act of separating said qualities from the object or ideas. [First attested in the late 16th century.]
The act of comparing commonality between distinct objects and organizing using those similarities; the act of generalizing characteristics; the product of said generalization. [First attested in the late 16th century.]

abstractionism /æbˈstɹæk.ʃn̩ˌɪz.m̩/ abstractionisms n
abstrakcjonizm
The creation, principles, or ideals of abstractions, in particular art. [First attested in the mid 20th century.]

abstractionist /æbˈstɹæk.ʃən.əst/ more abstractionist most abstractionist adj
abstrakcjonistyczny
Related or tending to abstractionism, particularly art.

abstractionist /æbˈstɹæk.ʃən.əst/ abstractionists n
abstrakcjonista abstrakcjonistka
An idealist. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]
(art) Someone who supports or creates abstract art.

abstractionistically adv
abstrakcjonistycznie

abstractive /æbˈstɹæk.tɪv/ /əbˈstɹæk.tɪv/ more abstractive most abstractive adj
abstrakcyjny
Having an abstracting nature or tendency; tending to separate; tending to be withdrawn. [First attested in the late 15th century.]
Derived by abstraction; belonging to abstraction. [First attested in the late 15th century.]

abstractiveness /æbˈstɹæk.tɪv.nəs/ /əbˈstɹæk.tɪv.nəs/ n
abstrakcyjność
The property of being abstractive.

abstractly /æbˈstɹækt.li/ more abstractly most abstractly adv
abstrakcyjnie
In an abstract way or manner

abstractness /æbˈstɹæk.nəs/ /æbˈstɹækt.nəs/ abstractnesses n
abstrakcyjność
The quality of being abstract. [First attested in the late 16th century.]

abstruse /æb-/ /əbˈstɹus/ /əbˈstɹuːs/ abstruser abstrusest more abstruse most abstruse adj
mętny
Difficult to comprehend or understand; obscure. [from mid 16th c.]

absurd /æbˈsɝd/ /æbˈzɝd/ /əbˈsɜːd/ /əbˈsɝd/ /əbˈzɜːd/ /əbˈzɝd/ absurder absurdest more absurd most absurd adj
absurdalny niedorzeczny bezsensowny
Contrary to reason or propriety; obviously and flatly opposed to manifest truth; inconsistent with the plain dictates of common sense; logically contradictory; nonsensical; ridiculous; silly. [from mid-16th c.]

absurd /æbˈsɝd/ /æbˈzɝd/ /əbˈsɜːd/ /əbˈsɝd/ /əbˈzɜːd/ /əbˈzɝd/ absurds n
absurd bzdura bajda bezsens brednia niedorzeczność
(obsolete) An absurdity. [early 17th–mid 17th c.]

absurdism /æbˈsɝdˌɪz.m̩/ /æbˈzɝdˌɪz.m̩/ /əbˈsɜːdˌɪz.m̩/ /əbˈsɝdˌɪz.m̩/ /əbˈzɝdˌɪz.m̩/ absurdisms n
absurdyzm
(uncountable, philosophy) A philosophy which holds that the universe is chaotic and irrational and that any attempt to impose order will ultimately fail. [First attested in the mid 20th century.]

absurdist /æbˈsɝd.əst/ /əbˈsɜːd.əst/ /əbˈsɝd.əst/ adj
absurdystyczny
Of, or relating to absurdism. [First attested in the mid 20th century.]

absurdist /æbˈsɝd.əst/ /əbˈsɜːd.əst/ /əbˈsɝd.əst/ absurdists n
absurdalista absurdysta
An advocate of absurdism, in particular a writer of absurd topics. [First attested in the mid 20th century.]

absurdity /æbˈsɝd.ɪ.ti/ /æbˈzɝd.ɪ.ti/ /əbˈsɜːd.ɪ.ti/ /əbˈsɝd.ɪ.ti/ /əbˈzɝd.ɪ.ti/ absurdities n
absurd bezsens
(countable) That which is absurd; an absurd action; a logical contradiction. [First attested in the late 15th century.]
absurdalność bezsensowność niedorzeczność
(uncountable) The quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment. [First attested in the early 16th century.]

absurdly /æbˈsɝd.li/ /æbˈzɝd.li/ /əbˈsɜːd.li/ /əbˈsɝd.li/ /əbˈzɝd.li/ more absurdly most absurdly adv
absurdalnie bezsensownie
In an absurd fashion. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]
absurdalnie
To an extreme degree. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]

abulia /əˈb(j)uː.lɪə/ /əˈbu.li.ə/ abulias n
abulia
(psychiatry) Absence of willpower or decisiveness, especially as a symptom of mental illness. [from 19th c.]

abulic /ˌeɪˈbju.lɪk/ /ˌeɪˈbu.lɪk/ more abulic most abulic adj
abuliczny
(psychiatry) Relating to, characterized by, or affected with abulia.

abulic /ˌeɪˈbju.lɪk/ /ˌeɪˈbu.lɪk/ abulics n
abulik

abuna /əˈbuːnə/ abunas n
abuna
(Christianity) The Patriarch, or head of the Abyssinian Church.

abundance /əˈbn̩.dn̩s/ /əˈbʌn.dn̩s/ /əˈbʌn.dn̩ts/ abundances n
obfitość
An overflowing fullness or ample sufficiency; profusion; copious supply; superfluity; plentifulness. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]

abundance of caution n
duża ostrożność
Caution used to justify preemptive measures that are likely not strictly necessary.

abundant /əˈbn̩.dn̩t/ /əˈbʌn.dn̩t/ more abundant most abundant adj
obfity
Fully sufficient; found in copious supply; in great quantity; overflowing. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]

abundantly /əˈbn̩.dn̩t.li/ /əˈbʌn.dn̩t.li/ more abundantly most abundantly adv
obficie
In an abundant manner; in a sufficient degree; in large measure. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]

abuse /əˈbjus/ /əˈbjuːs/ abuses n
nadużycie molestowanie
Improper treatment or usage; application to a wrong or bad purpose; an unjust, corrupt or wrongful practice or custom. [from around 1350 to 1470]
obraza zniewaga
Coarse, insulting speech; abusive language; language that unjustly or angrily vilifies. [from mid-16th c.]
znęcanie się
Physical maltreatment; injury; cruel treatment. [from late 16th c.]

abuse /əˈbjuz/ /əˈbjuːz/ v
gwałcić maltretować zgwałcić zmaltretować znęcać się
(transitive) To put to a wrong use; to misapply; to use improperly; to use for a wrong purpose or end; to pervert [from around 1350 to 1470.]
gwałcić zgwałcić
(transitive, archaic) To violate; defile; to rape; (reflexive) to masturbate. [from around 1350 to 1470]

abusively /əˈbju.sɪv.li/ /əˈbjuː.sɪv.li/ more abusively most abusively adv
abuzywnie
In an abusive manner; rudely; with abusive language. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]

abusiveness /əˈbju.sɪv.nəs/ /əˈbjuː.sɪv.nəs/ n
abuzywność
The quality of being abusive; rudeness of language, or violence to the person. [First attested in the mid 17th century.]

abutilon /əˈbjutˌl̩ɑn/ /əˈbjuː.tɪˌlɒn/ /ˌæb.jəˈti.lɑn/ abutilons n
abutilon klonik zaślaz
Any of the various tropical flowering plants of the genus Abutilon, such as the flowering maple, Indian mallow, or Chinese lantern. [First attested in the late 16th century.]

abutment /əˈbʌt.mn̩t/ abutments n
przyczółek
(engineering, architecture) The solid portion of a structure that supports the lateral pressure of an arch or vault. [First attested in the mid 18th century.]
(architecture) That element that shares a common boundary or surface with its neighbor.

abysmal /əˈbɪz.məl/ [əˈbɪz.ml̩] more abysmal most abysmal adj
beznadziejny
(figurative) extremely bad; terrible.

abyss /æˈbɪs/ /əˈbɪs/ abysses n
otchłań przepaść czeluść
Hell; the bottomless pit; primeval chaos; a confined subterranean ocean. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]
otchłań przepaść
(frequently, figurative) A bottomless or unfathomed depth, gulf, or chasm; hence, any deep, immeasurable; any void space. [First attested in the late 16th century.]
Moral depravity; vast intellectual or moral depth.

abyssal /əˈbɪs.l̩/ adj
abisalny abysalny głębokomorski głębokowodny
(geography) Of or belonging to the ocean depths, especially below 2000 metres (6500 ft): abyssal zone. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]

abyssal zone /əˈbɪs.l̩ zoʊn/ /əˈbɪs.l̩ zəʊn/ n
abisal abysal strefa abisalna strefa głębinowa strefa abysalna
(geography) The oceanic realm consisting of the deep ocean, typified by a dearth of plant life, and plentiful carnivorous animals that are able to withstand extreme pressure.

abzyme abzymes n
abzymy
An antibody with catalytic properties.

acacia /əˈkeɪ.sjə/ /əˈkeɪ.ʃə/ acaciae acacias n
akacja
(countable) A shrub or tree of the tribe Acacieae. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]

acacia tit acacia tits n
sikora sawannowa
Melaniparus thruppi, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

academia /ˌæ.kə.ˈdeɪ.mɪ.ə/ /ˌæ.kə.ˈdi.mi.ə/ /ˌæ.kə.ˈdi.mjə/ /ˌæ.kə.ˈdiː.mɪ.ə/ /ˌæ.kə.ˈdɛ.mjə/ n
akademia
(collective) The scientific and cultural community engaged in higher education and research, taken as a whole. [from 1956]
Continuous study at higher education institutions; scholarship.

academic /ˌækəˈdɛmɪk/ more academic most academic adj
akademicki
Belonging to an academy or other higher institution of learning, or a scholarly society or organization. [from late 16th century]
In particular: relating to literary, classical, or artistic studies like the humanities, rather than to technical or vocational studies like engineering or welding.
(art) Conforming to set rules and traditions; conventional; formalistic. [from late 19th century]

academic /ˌækəˈdɛmɪk/ academics n
akademik platonik platończyk
(usually, capitalized) A follower of Plato, a Platonist. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]
akademik akademiczka
A senior member of an academy, college, or university; a person who attends an academy; a person engaged in scholarly pursuits; one who is academic in practice. [First attested in the late 16th century.]

academic institution academic institutions n
szkoła wyższa
An educational institution, dedicated to higher education and research, that grants academic degrees.

academic quarter /ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ˈkwɔrtər/ /ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ˈkwɔːtə(r/ academic quarters n
kwadrans akademicki

academic year /ˌæk.əˈdɛm.ɪk jɪə/ /ˌæk.əˈdɛm.ɪk jɪɹ/ academic years n
rok akademicki
(education) The annual period during which a student attends school, college or university.

academical /ˌæk.əˈdɛm.ɪ.kl̩/ adj
akademicki
Pertaining to a university or other form of higher education. [First attested in the late 16th century.]

academically /ˌæk.əˈdɛm.ɪk.li/ /ˌæk.əˈdɛm.ɪk.ə.li/ more academically most academically adv
akademicko
In an academic style or way; from an academic perspective. [First attested in the late 16th century]

academician /əˌka.dəˈmɪʃ.n̩/ /əˌkæ.dəˈmɪʃ.n̩/ /ˌa.kə.dəˈmɪʃ.n̩/ /ˌæ.kə.dəˈmɪʃ.n̩/ academicians n
akademiczka akademik
A member or follower of an academy, or society for promoting science, art, or literature, such as the French Academy, or the Royal Academy of Arts. [from 17th c.]

academicism /ˌæk.əˈdɛm.əˌsɪz.m̩/ academicisms n
akademizm
(art, literature) Traditional or orthodox formalism; conventionalism.

academicness n
akademickość akademiczność

academization academizations n
akademizacja
Process or action of academizing.

academize v
akademizować zakademizować
(transitive) To make academic.

academy /əˈkad.ə.mɪ/ /əˈkæd.ə.mi/ academies n
akademia
An institution for the study of higher learning; a college or a university; typically a private school. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]
A school or place of training in which some special art is taught. [First attested in the late 16th century.]
A society of learned people united for the advancement of the arts and sciences, and literature, or some particular art or science. [First attested in the early 17th century.]
(obsolete) The knowledge disseminated in an Academy. [Attested from the early 17th century until the mid 18th century.]

acalculia /ˌeɪ.kælˈkjuː.li.ə/ /ˌeɪ.kælˈkjuː.lɪ.ə/ n
akalkulia
(pathology) The condition of lacking basic mathematical skills caused by a brain injury, or more specifically an injury to the parietal lobe. [First attested in the early 20th century.]

acanthine /əˈkæn.θɪn/ /əˈkænt.θɪn/ /əˈkænˌθaɪn/ more acanthine most acanthine adj
akantowy

acanthus /əˈkæn.θəs/ acanthi acanthuses n
akant
A member of the genus Acanthus of herbaceous prickly plants with toothed leaves, (family Acanthaceae, order Lamiales (formerly Scrophulariales)) found in the south of Europe, Asia Minor, and India. [from mid 16th century]
(architectural element) An ornament resembling the foliage or leaves of Acanthus spinosus, used in the capitals of the Corinthian and composite orders. [from mid 18th century]

acarology /æ.kəˈɹɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /æ.kəˈɹɒ.lə.d͡ʒi/ n
akarologia
(zoology) The study of ticks and mites.

acatalectic /ˌeɪ.ˌkæt.ə.ˈlɛk.tɪk/ adj
akatalektyczny

acatalectic /ˌeɪ.ˌkæt.ə.ˈlɛk.tɪk/ acatalectics n
akataleksa

acathistus n
akatyst
A Greek liturgical hymn in honour of Mary.

acatholic adj
akatolicki niekatolicki
not Catholic

acaulescent /ˌæk.ɔ.ˈlɛs.nt/ /ˌæk.ɔ.ˈlɛs.ənt/ adj
bezłodygowy
(botany) Having no stem or caulis, or only a very short one concealed in the ground.

acaustobiolith acaustobioliths n
akaustobiolit

accede /ækˈsiːd/ /əkˈsiːd/ v
przystępować
(archaic, intransitive) To approach; to arrive, to come forward. [15th–19th c.]
przystawać przystać przystąpić przyłączać się przyłączyć się wstąpić
(intransitive, now, _, rare) To give one's adhesion; to join up with (a group, etc.); to become part of. [from 15th c.]
zgodzić się
(intransitive) To agree or assent to a proposal or a view; to give way. [from 16th c.]
obejmować objąć
(intransitive) To come to an office, state or dignity; to attain, assume (a position). [from 18th c.]

accelerate /æk.ˈsɛl.ə.ˌɹeɪt/ /ək.ˈsɛl.ə.ˌɹeɪt/ /ɪk.ˈsɛl.ə.ˌɹeɪt/ v
przyśpieszać przyśpieszać się przyśpieszyć przyśpieszyć się
(transitive) To cause to move faster; to quicken the motion of; to add to the speed of.
przyśpieszać się przyśpieszyć się
(transitive) To quicken the natural or ordinary progression or process of.
(intransitive) To become faster; to begin to move more quickly.

acceleration /æk.ˌsɛl.ə.ˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ /ək.ˌsɛl.ə.ˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ /ɪk.ˌsɛl.ə.ˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ accelerations n
przyspieszenie akceleracja
(uncountable) The act of accelerating, or the state of being accelerated; increase of motion or action; as opposed to retardation or deceleration.
(physics) The change of velocity with respect to time (can include deceleration or changing direction).
przyspieszenie
(countable) The amount by which a speed or velocity increases (and so a scalar quantity or a vector quantity).

accelerational adj
akceleracyjny

accelerative /æk.ˈsɛl.ə.ˌɹeɪt.ɪv/ /ɪk.ˈsɛl.ə.ˌɹeɪt.ɪv/ more accelerative most accelerative adj
akceleracyjny

accelerator /æk.ˈsɛl.ə.ˌɹeɪ.tɚ/ /ək.ˈsɛl.ə.ˌɹeɪ.tɚ/ /ɪk.ˈsɛl.ə.ˌɹeɪ.tɚ/ accelerators n
akcelerator
A device for causing acceleration.
(vehicle) A pedal causing the vehicle to accelerate when it is pressed.
(physics) A device that accelerates charged subatomic particles; a particle accelerator.

accelerometer /æk.ˌsɛl.ə.ˈɹɑm.ə.tɚ/ /ɪk.ˌsɛl.ə.ˈɹɑm.ə.tɚ/ accelerometers n
akcelerometr przyspieszeniomierz przyśpieszeniomierz
An instrument for measuring acceleration.

accent /-sənt/ /-sɛnt/ /ˈak.sənt/ /ˈæk.sɛnt/ /ˈɛk.sent/ accents n
akcent nacisk
(linguistics) A higher-pitched or stronger (louder or longer) articulation of a particular syllable of a word or phrase in order to distinguish it from the others or to emphasize it.
(figuratively) Emphasis or importance in general.
akcent
(orthography) A mark or character used in writing, in order to indicate the place of the spoken accent, or to indicate the nature or quality of the vowel marked.
Modulation of the voice in speaking; the manner of speaking or pronouncing; a peculiar or characteristic modification of the voice, expressing emotion; tone.
(linguistics, sociolinguistics) The distinctive manner of pronouncing a language associated with a particular region, social group, etc., whether of a native speaker or a foreign speaker; the phonetic and phonological aspects of a dialect.
(sign languages) A distinctive manner of producing a sign language, such as someone who does not normally use a certain sign language might have when using it.
A word; a significant tone or sound.
(prosody, poetry) Stress laid on certain syllables of a verse.
(music) A regularly recurring stress upon the tone to mark the beginning, and, more feebly, the third part of the measure.
(music) A special emphasis of a tone, even in the weaker part of the measure.
(music) A mark used to represent this special emphasis.The third and fourth symbols are accents (marks used to represent special emphasis in music).
(music) The rhythmical accent, which marks phrases and sections of a period.

accent /ækˈsɛnt/ /ˈæk.sɛnt/ v
akcentować zaakcentować
(transitive) To mark emphatically; to emphasize; to accentuate; to make prominent.

accentologist accentologists n
akcentolog
One who studies accentology.

accentology n
akcentologia
(linguistics) The systematic analysis of word or phrase stress.

accentor /ək.ˈsɛn.tɚ/ /əkˈsɛntə/ accentors n
płochacz
Any bird of the Eurasian genus Prunella, such as the dunnock.

accentual /æk.ˈsɛn.t͡ʃu.əl/ /æk.ˈsɛnt͡ʃ.wəl/ /æk.ˈsɛnt͡ʃ.ə.wəl/ adj
akcentacyjny akcentowy akcentuacyjny
Of or pertaining to accent; characterized or formed by accent.

accentually /ˌæk.ˈsɛn.t͡ʃu.əl.i/ adv
akcentuacyjnie
In an accentual manner; in accordance with accent.

accentuate /ækˈsɛn.t͡ʃuˌeɪt/ /əkˈsɛn.t͡ʃu.eɪt/ v
akcentować
(transitive) To pronounce with an accent or vocal stress.
(transitive) To mark with a written accent.
akcentować podkreślać uwypuklać podkreślić uwydatniać uwydatnić
(transitive) To bring out distinctly; to make more noticeable or prominent; to emphasize.

accentuation /ˌæk.ˌsɛn.t͡ʃə.ˈweɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɪk.ˌsɛn.t͡ʃə.ˈweɪ.ʃən/ accentuations n
akcentuacja
Act of accentuating; applications of accent.

accept /ækˈsɛpt/ /əkˈsɛpt/ /ɪkˈsɛpt/ v
akceptować przyjąć przyjmować zaakceptować zgadzać się zgodzić się
(transitive) To receive or admit to; to agree to; to assent to; to submit to.

acceptability /ˌæk.ˌsɛp.tə.ˈbɪl.ət.i/ acceptabilities n
akceptowalność
The quality of being acceptable; acceptableness.

acceptable /æk.ˈsɛp.tə.bəl/ /ək.ˈsɛp.tə.bəl/ /ɪk.ˈsɛp.tə.bəl/ /ˈæksɛp.tə.bəl/ more acceptable most acceptable adj
dopuszczalny akceptowalny
worthy, decent, sure of being accepted or received with at least moderate pleasure

acceptably /æk.ˈsɛp.tə.bli/ more acceptably most acceptably adv
akceptowalnie
In an acceptable manner; in a manner to please or give satisfaction.

acceptance /ək.ˈsɛp.təns/ acceptances n
akceptacja przyjęcie
(uncountable) The act of accepting; the receiving of something offered, with acquiescence, approbation, or satisfaction; especially, favourable reception; approval.
akcept akceptacja
(business, finance) An assent and engagement by the person on whom a bill of exchange is drawn, to pay it when due according to the terms of the acceptance; the bill of exchange itself when accepted.

acceptor /æk.ˈsɛp.tɚ/ /ək.ˈsɛp.tɚ/ /əkˈsɛptə(ɹ)/ acceptors n
akceptant akceptor
(physics) A chemical acceptor atom forming a positive hole in a semiconductor

access /ˈæksɛs/ /ˈækˌsɛs/ accesses n
dostęp
(uncountable) A way or means of approaching or entering; an entrance; a passage.
(uncountable) The act of approaching or entering; an advance.
(countable, computing) The process of locating data in memory.
(uncountable, networking) Connection to or communication with a computer program or to the Internet.
dostęp akces akcesja
(uncountable) The right or ability of approaching or entering; admittance; admission; accessibility.

accessibility /əkˌsɛs.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/ /əkˌsɛs.əˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/ [əkˌsɛs.əˈbɪl.ə.ɾi] accessibilities n
dostępność
The quality of being accessible, or of admitting approach; receptiveness.

accessible /əkˈsɛs.ə.bəl/ more accessible most accessible adj
dostępny
Easy of access or approach. [from 1640s]

accessional /æk.ˈsɛʃ.nəl/ /æk.ˈsɛʃ.ən.l/ /æk.ˈsɛʃ.ən.əl/ adj
akcesyjny
(rare) Pertaining to accession; additional.

accessory /ækˈsɛs(ə)ɹi/ /ækˈsɛsəɹi/ /əkˈsɛs(ə)ɹi/ /əkˈsɛsəɹi/ more accessory most accessory adj
akcesoryczny akcesoryjny
Having a secondary, supplementary or subordinate function by accompanying as a subordinate; aiding in a secondary way; being additional; contributing or being contributory.
pomocnictwo
(legal) Assisting a crime without actually participating in committing the crime itself; being connected as an incident or subordinate to a principal.

accessory /ækˈsɛs(ə)ɹi/ /ækˈsɛsəɹi/ /əkˈsɛs(ə)ɹi/ /əkˈsɛsəɹi/ accessories n
akcesoria akcesorium dodatek dodatki
Something that belongs to part of another main thing; something additional and subordinate, an attachment.
współsprawca
(legal) A person who is not present at a crime, but contributes to it as an assistant or instigator.

accessory after the fact accessories after the fact n
popleczniczka poplecznik
(legal) a person who assists someone who has committed a crime so as to protect them from legal prosecution

accessory before the fact accessories before the fact n
współwinny
(legal) One who commands or counsels an actionable offense, not being present at its commission.

accessory fruit accessory fruits n
owoc pozorny
(botany) A fruit which includes tissue not derived from the ovary but from some adjacent tissue, as for instance, a strawberry.

accessory mineral accessory minerals n
minerał akcesoryczny
(mineral) any mineral that is present in small amounts in a rock, but is not considered to be characteristic of the rock

accident /ˈæk.sə.dənt/ /ˈæk.sə.dɛnt/ /ˈæk.sə.dɪnt/ /ˈæk.sɪ.dənt/ accidents n
wypadek
An unexpected event with negative consequences occurring without the intention of the one suffering the consequences, and (in the strict sense) not directly caused by humans.
(transportation) A collision or crash of a vehicle, aircraft, or other form of transportation that causes damage to the transportation involved; and sometimes injury or death to the transportation's occupants or bystanders in close proximity. (but see Usage notes)

accident-prone more accident-prone most accident-prone adj
podatny na wypadki

accidental /ˌæk.sɪ.ˈdɛn.tl̩/ more accidental most accidental adj
przypadkowy
Happening by chance, or unexpectedly; taking place not according to the usual course of things; by accident, unintentional. [from 16th c.]

accidentalism n
accidentalism
The belief that events happen by random chance, without cause or purpose.

accidentally /ˌæk.sɪˈdɛnt(ə)li/ more accidentally most accidentally adv
przypadkowo
In an accidental manner; by chance, unexpectedly.
Unintentionally.

acclaim /ə.ˈkleɪm/ v
aklamować
(archaic, transitive) To shout; to call out.
(transitive) To declare by acclamations.

acclamation /æk.lə.ˈmeɪ.ʃən/ acclamations n
aklamacja poklask
A shout of approbation, favor, or assent; eager expression of approval; loud applause.

acclimate /əˈklaɪ.mət/ /ˈæk.lɪ.meɪt/ v
aklimatyzować
(transitive, chiefly, US) To habituate to a climate not native; to acclimatize.

acclimatization /ə.ˌklaɪ.mə.tə.ˈzeɪ.ʃən/ acclimatizations n
aklimatyzacja
The act of acclimatizing; the process of inuring to a new climate, or the state of being so inured.
(biology) The climatic adaptation of an organism that has been moved to a new environment.

acclimatizational /əˌklaɪmətɪˈzeɪʃənəl/ more acclimatizational most acclimatizational adj
aklimatyzacyjny

acclimatize /əˈklaɪ.məˌtaɪz/ v
aklimatyzować aklimatyzować się zaaklimatyzować zaaklimatyzować się
(transitive) To make used to a new climate or one that is different from that which is natural; to inure or habituate to other circumstances; to adapt to the peculiarities of a foreign or strange climate.

accolade /ˈæk.ə.ˌleɪd/ /ˌæk.ə.ˈlɑd/ accolades n
akolada
(music) A brace used to join two or more staves.

accommodate /əˈkɑməˌdeɪt/ /əˈkɒməˌdeɪt/ [əˈkʰɑməˌdeɪt] [əˈkʰɒməˌdeɪt] v
nocować przenocować
(transitive) To cause to come to agreement; to bring about harmony; to reconcile.
akomodować
(transitive) To show the correspondence of; to apply or make suit by analogy; to adapt or fit, as teachings to accidental circumstances, statements to facts, etc.
akomodować się
(intransitive, rare) To adapt oneself; to be conformable or adapted; become adjusted.

accommodation /ə.ˌkɑm.ə.ˈdeɪ.ʃən/ /ə.ˌkɒm.ə.ˈdeɪ.ʃən/ accommodations n
zakwaterowanie
(chiefly, British, usually, a mass noun) Lodging in a dwelling or similar living quarters afforded to travellers in hotels or on cruise ships, or prisoners, etc.
(countable, uncountable) A convenience, a fitting, something satisfying a need.
akomodacja
(countable, medical) The adjustment of the eye to a change of the distance from an observed object.
(linguistics, sociolinguistics) Modification(s) to make one's way of communicating similar to others involved in a conversation or discourse.
akomodacja przystosowanie
(countable, uncountable, followed by to) The act of fitting or adapting, or the state of being fitted or adapted; adaptation; adjustment.

accommodational more accommodational most accommodational adj
akomodacyjny

accompaniment /ə.ˈkʌm.pə.ni.mənt/ /ə.ˈkʌmp.ni.mənt/ accompaniments n
akompaniament
(music) A part, usually performed by instruments, that gives support or adds to the background in music, or adds for ornamentation; also, the harmony of a figured bass.
That which accompanies; something that attends as a circumstance, or which is added to give greater completeness to the principal thing, or by way of ornament, or for the sake of symmetry.

accompanist /əˈkʌmp(ə)nɪst/ accompanists n
akompaniator akompaniatorka
(music) The performer in music who takes the accompanying part.

accompany /əˈkʌm.pə.ni/ /əˈkʌmp.ni/ v
towarzyszyć asystować
(transitive) To go with or attend as a companion or associate; to keep company with; to go along with.
akompaniować basować przygrywać wtórować zaakompaniować zawtórować
(transitive, music) To perform an accompanying part next to (another instrument or musician).
akompaniować zaakompaniować
(intransitive, obsolete) To associate in a company; to keep company.

accomplice /ə.ˈkɑm.pləs/ /ə.ˈkɑm.plɪs/ /ə.ˈkʌm.plɪs/ /əˈkɒm.plɪs/ accomplices n
współsprawca wspólnik wspólniczka współsprawczyni
(legal) An associate in the commission of a crime; a participator in an offense, whether a principal or an accessory.

accomplish /əˈkɐm.plɪʃ/ /əˈkɑm.plɪʃ/ /əˈkɒm.plɪʃ/ /əˈkʌm.plɪʃ/ v
dokonać dokonywać
(transitive) To execute fully; to fulfill; to complete successfully.

accomplished /ə.ˈkɑm.plɪʃt/ /ə.ˈkɒm.plɪʃt/ /ə.ˈkʌm.plɪʃt/ more accomplished most accomplished adj
dokonany
Completed; effected; established.
osiągnąwszy wiele
Having many accomplishments, often as a result of study or training.
utalentowany
Showing skill and artistry.

accomplishment /ə.ˈkɑm.plɪʃ.mənt/ /ə.ˈkɒm.plɪʃ.mənt/ /ə.ˈkʌm.plɪʃ.mənt/ accomplishments n
osiągnięcie
The act of accomplishing; completion; fulfilment.
Something accomplished; an achievement.

accord /əˈkɔɹd/ /əˈkɔːd/ accords n
porozumienie
Agreement or concurrence of opinion, will, or action.
akord
A harmony in sound, pitch and tone; concord.
Agreement or harmony of things in general.

accord /əˈkɔɹd/ /əˈkɔːd/ v
zgodzić się
(transitive) To make to agree or correspond; to suit one thing to another; to adjust.

according to preposition
według podług wedle
Based on what is said or stated by; on the authority of.
odpowiednio zgodnie z
In a manner conforming or corresponding to; in proportion to; in accordance with. [from 16th c.],

according to plan /əˈkɔɹdɪŋ tə ˈplæn/
zgodnie z planem
As intended, as planned, as expected; without the occurrence of any complications.

accordingly /ə.ˈkɔɹ.dɪŋ.li/ /əˈkɔː(ɹ).dɪŋ.li/ more accordingly most accordingly adv
odpowiednio stosownie
(manner) Agreeably; correspondingly; suitably
więc zatem
(conjunctive) In natural sequence; consequently; so.

accordion /ə.ˈkɔɹ.di.ən/ /əˈkɔ(ɹ).di.ˌən/ accordions n
akordeon harmonia ręczna
A box-shaped musical instrument with means of keys and buttons, whose tones are generated by play of the wind from a squeezed bellows upon free metallic reeds.

accordionist /ə.ˈkɔɹd.i.ə.nəst/ accordionists n
akordeonista akordeonistka
Someone who plays the accordion.

accost /ə.ˈkɑst/ /ə.ˈkɒst/ /ə.ˈkɔst/ v
zaczepiać
(transitive) To approach and speak to boldly or aggressively, as with a demand or request.

accoucheur /ˌæ.ku.ˈʃɜː/ /ˌæ.ku.ˈʃɝ/ accoucheurs n
akuszer akuszerka
(medicine) A person, especially a man, who delivers a baby (in childbirth).

accoucheuse accoucheuses n
akuszerka
(rare) A midwife.

account /ə.ˈkaʊnt/ accounts n
konto relacja
(accounting) A registry of pecuniary transactions; a written or printed statement of business dealings or debts and credits, and also of other things subjected to a reckoning or review. [from c. 1300]
konto rachunek
A statement in general of reasons, causes, grounds, etc., explanatory of some event; a reason of an action to be done.
Authorization as a specific registered user in accessing a system.

account book account books n
księga kontowa
(accounting) A book in which accounts are kept; ledger.

account manager account managers n
opiekun klienta
(business) A person who is in charge of sales to one or more named customers or to a specified segment of the market, especially in B2B marketing; supposedly refers to a somewhat more responsible job than the term salesman.

account to v
rozliczać się
(transitive) To answer to; to be responsible to.

accountability /ə.ˌkaʊn.tə.ˈbɪl.ət.i/ accountabilities n
odpowiedzialność rozliczalność
The state of being accountable; liability to be called on to render an account or give an explanation; liability to be held responsible or answerable for something.

accountable /əˈkaʊntəbl̩/ more accountable most accountable adj
odpowiedzialny
Obliged, when called upon, to answer (for one’s deeds); answerable.

accountancy /ə.ˈkaʊnt.ən.si/ accountancies n
rachunkowość
(uncountable, British, NZ, often, _, Philippines, accounting) The function of compiling and providing financial information primarily by reports referred to as financial statements, including bookkeeping, systems design, analysis and interpretation of accounting information.

accountant /ə.ˈkaʊn.tənt/ [ə.ˈkæʊn.ʔn̩ʔ] accountants n
księgowy księgowa buchalter
A reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s).
księgowy księgowa
(accounting) One whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another. The records are usually, but not always, financial records.

accounting /ə.ˈkaʊn.tɪŋ/ accountings n
rachunkowość księgowość
(business) The development and use of a system for recording and analyzing the financial transactions and financial status of an individual or a business.

accounts payable n
należności zobowiązania
The total amount of money that is owed by a customer to its suppliers of goods and services and is counted by the customer as a current unpaid debt.

accounts receivable n
należność
(accounting) The total monetary amount owed to a financial entity due to debts arising from sales on credit or on account.

accredit /ə.ˈkɹɛd.ɪt/ v
akredytować
(transitive) To put or bring into credit; to invest with credit or authority; to sanction.
(transitive) To send with letters credential, as an ambassador, envoy, or diplomatic agent; to authorize, as a messenger or delegate.

accreditation /əˌkɹɛd.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/ [əˌkɹɛd.ɨɾˈeɪ.ʃən] [əˌkɹɛd.ɨˈteɪ.ʃən] [əˌkɹɛd.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən] accreditations n
akredytacja
The giving of credentials.
(education) The granting of approval to an institution of higher learning by an official review board after the school has met certain requirements.

accreditational adj
akredytacyjny

accretion /ə.ˈkɹi.ʃən/ accretions n
akrecja
(legal) The adhering of property to something else, by which the owner of one thing becomes possessed of a right to another; generally, gain of land by the washing up of sand or soil from the sea or a river, or by a gradual recession of the water from the usual watermark.

accretion disk accretion disks n
dysk akrecyjny
(astrophysics) A structure formed by matter falling into a gravitational source such as a galaxy, black hole, or protostar.

accretional adj
akrecyjny

accrue /ə.ˈkɹu/ /əˈkɹuː/ v
gromadzić wzrastać wzrosnąć
(intransitive) To increase, to rise
gromadzić
(transitive) To accumulate.

acculturation /ə.ˌkʌl.t͡ʃə.ˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ acculturations n
akulturacja
A process by which the culture of an isolated society changes on contact with a different one.
A process by which a person acquires the culture of the society that they inhabit, starting at birth.

acculturational /ə.ˌkʌl.t͡ʃə.ˈɹeɪ.ʃnəl/ /ə.ˌkʌl.t͡ʃə.ˈɹeɪ.ʃən.əl/ more acculturational most acculturational adj
akulturacyjny
Of or pertaining to acculturation

accumulate /ə.ˈkjum.jə.ˌleɪt/ /əˈkjuːmjʊˌleɪt/ v
akumulować zakumulować
(transitive) To heap up in a mass; to pile up; to collect or bring together (either literally or figuratively)
akumulować się zakumulować się
(intransitive) To gradually grow or increase in quantity or number.

accumulation /ə.ˌkjuːm.jə.ˈleɪ.ʃən/ accumulations n
akumulacja
(accounting) The continuous growth of capital by retention of interest or savings.
(finance) The action of investors buying an asset from other investors when the price of the asset is low.

accumulation point accumulation points n
punkt skupienia
(topology, "of" a subset of a topological space) Given a subset S of a topological space X, a point x whose every neighborhood contains at least one point distinct from x that belongs to S.
(analysis, "of" a sequence) Given a sequence si, a point x whose every neighborhood contains at least one element of the sequence distinct from x.
(systems theory, dynamical systems, chaos theory) For certain maps, a point beyond which periodic orbits give way to chaotic ones.

accumulational adj
akumulacyjny

accumulative /ə.ˈkjum.jə.ˌleɪ.tɪv/ /ə.ˈkjum.jə.ˌlə.tɪv/ more accumulative most accumulative adj
akumulacyjny
Characterized by accumulation; serving to collect or amass

accumulator /ə.ˈkjum.jə.ˌleɪ.tɚ/ accumulators n
akumulator
(British) A wet-cell storage battery.
(programming) A register or variable used for holding the intermediate results of a computation or data transfer.

accuracy /ˈakjəɹəsi/ /ˈakjʊɹəsi/ /ˈæk.jɚ.ə.si/ accuracies n
dokładność akuratność
The state of being accurate; being free from error; exactness; correctness

accurate /ˈæk.jə.ɹɪt/ /ˈæk.jɚ.ət/ /ˈæk.jɚ.ɪt/ /ˈæk.jʊ.ɹət/ /ˈæk.ə.ɹət/ more accurate most accurate adj
dokładny akuratny
Telling the truth or giving a true result; exact; not defective or faulty

accurately /ˈæk.jə.ɹɪt.li/ /ˈæk.jɚ.ɪt.li/ [ˈæk.jə.ɹɪɾ.li] [ˈæk.jɚ.ɪɾ.li] more accurately most accurately adv
dokładnie akuratnie celnie trafnie
In an accurate manner; exactly; precisely; without error or defect.

accusation /ˌæk.ju.ˈzeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌæk.jə.ˈzeɪ.ʃən/ accusations n
oskarżenie
The act of accusing.
(legal) A formal charge brought against a person in a court of law.

accusatival /əˌkjuːzəˈtaɪvəl/ adj
biernikowy

accusative /əˈkjuzətɪv/ /əˈkjuːzətɪv/ more accusative most accusative adj
biernikowy biernik
(grammar) Applied to the case (as the fourth case of Latin, Lithuanian and Greek nouns) which expresses the immediate object on which the action or influence of a transitive verb has its limited influence. Other parts of speech, including secondary or predicate direct objects, will also influence a sentence’s construction. In German the case used for direct objects.

accusative /əˈkjuzətɪv/ /əˈkjuːzətɪv/ accusatives n
biernik accusativus akuzatiwus akuzatyw
(grammar) The accusative case.

accuse /əˈkjuz/ /əˈkjuːz/ v
oskarżać oskarżyć
(transitive) to find fault with, blame, censure
(intransitive) to make an accusation against someone

accused /ə.ˈkjuzd/ accused n
oskarżony oskarżona
(legal) The person charged with an offense; the defendant in a criminal case.

accuser /əˈkju.zɚ/ /əˈkjuː.zə/ accusers n
oskarżyciel oskarżycielka
One who accuses; one who brings a charge of crime or fault.

accustom /ə.ˈkʌs.təm/ v
przyzwyczaić przyzwyczajać
(transitive, often, passive, or, reflexive, with to) To make familiar by use; to cause to accept; to habituate, familiarize, or inure.

ace /eɪs/ aces n
as
(card games) A playing card showing a single pip, typically the highest or lowest ranking card in a game.
(tennis, volleyball) A serve won without the opponent hitting the ball.
(sometimes, _, attributive) An expert at something; a maverick, genius; a person of supreme talent.
A military aircraft pilot who is credited with shooting down many enemy aircraft, typically five or more.
es
(dice) A die face marked with a single dot, typically representing the number one.

ace up one's sleeve aces up one's sleeve n
as w rękawie
(idiom) A surprise advantage of which others are not aware.

acedia /əˈsiːdɪə/ n
acedia
Spiritual or mental sloth.

acenaphthene acenaphthenes n
acenaften
(organic compound) A hydrocarbon, found in coal tar, derived from naphthalene by the addition of a short aliphatic bridge.

acenocoumarol n
acenokumarol

acephalia n
acefalia
(medicine) A birth defect in which the head is absent

acephalous /əˈsɛfələs/ more acephalous most acephalous adj
akefaliczny
(prosody) Deficient in the beginning, as a line of poetry that is missing its expected opening syllable.

acerbic /əˈsɜ(ɹ)bɪk/ /əˈsɜː(ɹ)bɪk/ more acerbic most acerbic adj
cierpki
Tasting sour or bitter.
cierpki uszczypliwy
(figurative) Sharp, harsh, biting.

acerola /æ.səˈɹəʊ.lə/ acerolas n
acerola nadgwiazdka granatolistna wiśnia z Barbados
Fruit of this tree.

acetal /ˈæsɪˌtæl/ acetals n
acetal
(organic chemistry) Any diether of a geminal diol, R2C(OR')2 (where R' is not H).

acetaldehyde /ˌæs.ɪˈtæl.dəˌhaɪd/ acetaldehydes n
acetaldehyd aldehyd octowy
(organic compound) An organic compound, (CH3CHO). Sometimes called ethanal or acetic aldehyde. See aldehyde.

acetalic adj
acetalowy
(organic chemistry) Of or pertaining to an acetal.

acetamide acetamides n
acetamid etanoamid
(organic compound) The amide of acetic acid, CH3CONH2.

acetaminophen /əˌsitəˈmɪnəfən/ acetaminophens n
paracetamol acetaminofen apap tylenol
(North America) A white crystalline compound used in medicine as an anodyne to relieve pain and reduce fever.

acetanilide acetanilides n
acetanilid antyfebryna
(organic chemistry, pharmaceutical drug) the amide derived from acetic acid and aniline; once used medicinally as an analgesic and antipyretic

acetarsol n
acetarsol
(organic compound, medicine) The compound (3-acetamido-4-hydroxyphenyl)arsonic acid sometimes used as an antiinfective against the parasite protozoan Entamoeba histolytica

acetate /ˈæsɪteɪ̯t/ acetates n
octan acetat
(organic chemistry) Any ester or salt of acetic acid.

acetatic adj
acetatowy

acetator /ˈæsɪˌteɪtɚ/ acetators n
acetator

acetic acid n
kwas octowy
(fatty acid) A clear colourless organic acid, CH3COOH, formed by the bacterial oxidation of ethanol through acetic fermentation; it is used as a solvent and has very many industrial applications; it is the major acidic component of vinegar.

acetimeter acetimeters n
acetometr octomierz
An instrument for estimating the amount of acetic acid in vinegar

acetoacetic acid n
kwas acetylooctowy
(organic compound) The ketonic carboxylic acid CH3-CO-CH2-COOH, that is present in the urine of people suffering from starvation or some forms of diabetes.

acetoglyceride acetoglycerides n
acetogliceryd

acetoin acetoins n
acetoina acetylometylokarbinol
(organic compound) The compound 3-hydroxybutanone CH3-CO-CH(OH)-CH3 that is one of the constituents of the flavour of butter

acetone /ˈæ.sə.toʊn/ acetones n
aceton
(organic compound) A colourless, volatile, flammable liquid ketone, (CH3)2CO, used as a solvent.

acetonemia n
acetonemia
(veterinary medicine) Presence of excessive levels of acetone in blood, sometimes occurring in cows during the first weeks after giving birth to a calf.

acetonic /ˈæsɛˌtɒnɪk/ more acetonic most acetonic adj
acetonowy
(organic chemistry) Of, pertaining to, or producing acetone

acetonuria n
acetonuria
(pathology) A form of ketonuria characterized by the presence of acetone in the urine

acetophenone acetophenones n
acetofenon acetylobenzen fenylometyloketon metylofenyloketon
(organic compound) The aromatic ketone phenyl methyl ketone, used in the manufacture of very many organic compounds

acetyl /əˈsiːtaɪl/ /əˈsiːtɪl/ /ˈæsətɪl/ acetyls n
acetyl
(organic chemistry) The univalent radical CH3CO- derived from acetic acid.

acetylacetone n
acetyloaceton
(organic compound) The diketone CH3COCH2COCH3 used as a solvent and as a coordination ligand

acetylate v
acetylować

acetylation acetylations n
acetylowanie acetylacja
(organic chemistry) The reaction of a substance with acetic acid or one of its derivatives; the introduction of one or more acetyl groups into a substance.

acetylcholine /əˌsitəlˈkoʊlin/ acetylcholines n
acetylocholina
(neurotransmitter) A neurotransmitter in humans and other animals. It is an ester of acetic acid and choline with chemical formula CH3COOCH2CH2N+(CH3)3.

acetylcholinesterase acetylcholinesterases n
acetylocholinoesteraza
(enzyme) An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid.

acetylcholinic adj
acetylocholinowy

acetylcysteine /əˌsi.tl̩ˈsɪ.stəˌin/ /ˌas.ɪ.tɪlˈsɪ.stɪ.iːn/ /ˌas.ɪ.tʌɪlˈsɪ.steɪn/ /ˌas.ɪ.tʌɪlˈsɪ.stɪ.iːn/ /ˌæs.ət.l̩ˈsɪ.stəˌin/ /ˌæs.əˌtilˈsɪ.stəˌin/ n
acetylocysteina
(organic compound, pharmaceutical drug) An acetylated form of the amino acid cysteine (trademark Mucomyst), which is an antioxidant used as a mucolytic agent and in the treatment of paracetamol poisoning.

acetyldigitoxin acetyldigitoxins n
acetylodigitoksyna
(organic chemistry) A class of cardiac glycoside, an acetyl derivative of digitoxin.

acetylene /əˈsɛtəlˌin/ acetylenes n
acetylen
(organic compound, uncountable) Ethyne; the simplest alkyne, a hydrocarbon of formula HC≡CH. It is a colourless, odourless, extremely flammable, explosive gas, formerly used as an illuminating gas, but now used in welding and metallurgy.
acetylen karbidówka lampa acetylenowa lampa karbidowa
A lamp powered by acetylene, particularly a motor vehicle headlight.

acetylenic adj
acetylenowy
(organic chemistry) Of or pertaining to acetylene or its derivatives; having a carbon-to-carbon triple bond

acetylenically adv
acetylenowo
(organic chemistry) In an acetylenic manner.

acetylesterase acetylesterases n
acetyloesteraza
(enzyme) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of an acetate ester.

acetylgalactose acetylgalactoses n
acetylogalaktoza

acetylglucosamine acetylglucosamines n
acetyloglikozamina
(biochemistry) An amide derivative of glucose that forms part of the peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls

acetylhydrolase acetylhydrolases n
acetylohydrolaza

acetylic adj
acetylowy
(organic chemistry) Of or pertaining to acetyl.

acetylide acetylides n
acetylenek

acetylpyridine acetylpyridines n
acetylopirydyna

acetylsalicylic adj
acetylosalicylowy
(organic chemistry) Describing any derivative of salicylic acid in which the phenolic hydroxyl has been acetylated.

acetylsalicylic acid n
kwas acetylosalicylowy
(pharmaceutical drug) The acetate ester of salicylic acid (aspirin)

achalasia /eɪkəˈleɪzi.ə/ achalasias n
achalazja

ache /ˈeɪk/ aches n
tępy ból ból
Continued dull pain, as distinguished from sudden twinges, or spasmodic pain.

ache /ˈeɪk/ v
boleć
(intransitive, stative) To suffer pain; to be the source of, or be in, pain, especially continued dull pain; to be distressed.

ache for v
pożądać
To desire or want something, or someone, very much.

achene /əˈkiːn/ achenes n
niełupka
(botany) A small, dry, indehiscent fruit, containing a single seed, as in the buttercup.

achieve /əˈt͡ʃiːv/ v
osiągać osiągnąć zrealizować
(transitive) To carry out successfully; to accomplish. [from 14th c.]
osiągać osiągnąć
(transitive) To obtain, or gain (a desired result, objective etc.), as the result of exertion; to succeed in gaining; to win. [from 14th c.]

achievement /əˈt͡ʃiːv.mənt/ /əˈt͡ʃiːv.mɪnt/ achievements n
osiągnięcie dokonanie
The act of achieving or performing; a successful performance; accomplishment.
dokonanie osiągnięcie
A great or heroic deed or feat; something accomplished by valor or boldness.
osiągnięcie
(video games) An award for completing a particular task or meeting an objective in a video game.

achilleine n
achileina

achiral adj
[[a-]]chiralny

achirality n
[[a-]]chiralność

acholia n
acholia
(medicine, pathology) Deficiency or absence of bile.

achondrite achondrites n
achondryt
(astronomy, geology) Any stony meteorite that contains no chondrules

achondroplasia /-ʒ(i)ə/ /eɪˌkɒndɹə(ʊ)ˈpleɪziə/ /ə-/ achondroplasias n
achondroplazja chondrodysplazja chondrodystrofia
(teratology) A genetic disorder, the most common form of short limb dwarfism.

achondroplastic /eɪkɑndɹəˈplæstɪk/ adj
achondroplastyczny
(teratology) Of, related to, or suffering from achondroplasia.

achoo /ɑːˈt͡ʃuː/ /ɑːˈt͡ʃʰuː/ /əˈt͡ʃuː/ /əˈt͡ʃʰuː/ interjection
apsik a psik
(onomatopoeia) The sound of a sneeze.

achrodextrin n
achroodekstryna
(biochemistry, cytology) A form of dextrin that is not colourable by iodine

achroite achroites n
achroit

achromat /ˈæ.kɹəʊ.mæt/ achromats n
achromat

achromatic /ˌeɪ.kɹəˈmæt.ɪk/ /ˌæk.ɹəˈmæt.ɪk/ more achromatic most achromatic adj
achromatyczny
(optics) Free from color; transmitting light without color-related distortion.

achromatin achromatins n
achromatyna

achromatinic adj
achromatynowy

achromatism n
achromatyczność achromatyzm
(optics) The state or quality of being achromatic; achromaticity.
achromatopsja achromatyzm
Achromatopia.

achromatization achromatizations n
achromatyzacja

achromatope achromatopes n
achromatop

achromatopsia achromatopsias n
achromatopsja achromatyzm
Full or partial color blindness; the inability to distinguish colors due to the absence of cone cells in the eyes.

achronic /eɪˈkɹɒnɪk/ more achronic most achronic adj
achroniczny
(astronomy, not comparable) Happening at sunset (of the rise or fall of a star; opposed to cosmic).

achronicity achronicities n
achroniczność

achronological adj
achronologiczny
(chiefly, literature, film) Not chronological; proceeding through time in a nonlinear fashion

achronologically adv
achronologicznie
Without chronological order; in an achronological manner

achylia n
achylia bezsoczność
(pathology) The lack or reduced production of gastric juices in any part of the digestive tract.

aciclovir /eɪˈsaɪ.kloʊˌvɪɹ/ /eɪˈsʌɪ.klə(ʊ)ˌvɪə/ n
acyklowir

acid /ˈæsɪd/ acider acidest adj
kwaśny kwas
Sour, sharp, or biting to the taste; tart; having the taste of vinegar.
kwaśny
(figuratively) Sour-tempered.
Of or pertaining to an acid; acidic.

acid /ˈæsɪd/ acids n
kwas
A sour substance.
(chemistry)
(uncountable, slang) LSD, lysergic acid diethylamide.

acid rain acid rains n
kwaśny deszcz
Rain which is unusually acidic (pH of less than the natural range of 5 to 6); caused mainly by atmospheric pollution with sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen compounds.

acidaemia acidaemias n
acydemia acydoza kwasica
(medicine) a medical condition marked by an abnormally high concentration of hydrogen ions in a person's blood

acidic /əˈsɪdɪk/ more acidic most acidic adj
kwasowy
(chemistry) Having a pH less than 7, or being sour, or having the strength to neutralize alkalis, or turning a litmus paper red.

acidimeter /ˌæsəˈdɪmətə(ɹ)/ acidimeters n
acydymetr kwasomierz
(chemistry) An instrument for ascertaining the strength of acids.

acidimetric more acidimetric most acidimetric adj
acydymetryczny

acidimetrically adv
acydymetrycznie

acidimetry n
acydymetria
(chemistry) The measurement of the strength of acids, especially by a chemical process based on the law of chemical combinations, or the fact that, to produce a complete reaction, a certain definite weight of reagent is required.

acidity /əˈsɪdɪti/ acidities n
kwasowość
The quality or state of being acid.

acidless adj
bezkwaśny

acidolysis acidolyses n
acydoliza
(chemistry) Decomposition of a molecule under the influence of an acid.

acidophile acidophiles n
acydofil
An organism that lives and thrives under acidic conditions; a form of extremophile.

acidophilic /ˌæsɪdəʊˈfɪlɪk/ /ˌæsɪɾoʊˈfɪlɪk/ more acidophilic most acidophilic adj
acydofilny kwasolubny
Thriving under acidic conditions; relating to or being an acidophile.

acidophilicity n
acydofilność

acidophyte acidophytes n
acydofit

acidosis /ˌæs.ɪˈdoʊ.sɪs/ /ˌæs.ɪˈdəʉ.sɪs/ /ˌæs.ɪˈdəʊ.sɪs/ acidoses n
acydemia acydoza kwasica
(pathology) An abnormally increased acidity of the blood.

acknowledge /əkˈnɑl.ɪd͡ʒ/ /əkˈnɒl.ɪd͡ʒ/ [əkˈnɑːɫəd͡ʒ] [əkˈnɒlɨ̞d͡ʒ] [əɡˈnɑːɫəd͡ʒ] [əɡˈnɒlɨ̞d͡ʒ] [ɨkˈnɑːɫɨd͡ʒ] [ɨɡˈnɑːɫɨd͡ʒ] v
przyznawać przyznać
(transitive) To admit the knowledge of; to recognize as a fact or truth; to declare one's belief in
uznawać uznać
(transitive) To own or recognize in a particular quality, character or relationship; to admit the claims or authority of; to give recognition to.

acne /ˈæk.ni/ acnes n
trądzik wągry
A pattern of blemishes in an area of skin resulting from the skin condition.

acolyte /ˈæ.kə.laɪt/ acolytes n
akolita akolitka
(Christianity) One who has received the highest of the four minor orders in the Catholic Church, being ordained to carry the wine, water and lights at Mass.
An attendant, assistant or follower.

aconite /ˈæ.kə.naɪt/ aconites n
tojad akonit
The herb wolfsbane, or monkshood; any plant of the genus Aconitum, all the species of which are poisonous.

aconitine aconitines n
akonityna

acorn /ˈeɪ.kɔɹn/ /ˈeɪ.kɔːn/ /ˈeɪkɚn/ acorns n
żołądź
(nautical) A cone-shaped piece of wood on the point of the spindle above the vane, on the mast-head.

acorn-shell acorn-shells n
pąkla
One of the sessile cirripeds; a barnacle of the genus Balanus.

acosmism n
akosmizm
A denial of the existence of the universe as distinct from God.

acoustic /əˈkuː.stɪk/ adj
akustyczny
Pertaining to the sense of hearing, the organs of hearing, or the science of sounds.
(music, musical instrument) Naturally producing or produced by an instrument without electrical amplification or the need thereof.

acoustic /əˈkuː.stɪk/ acoustics n
akustyka
(usually, in the plural) The properties or qualities of a room or building that determine how sound is transmitted in it.

acoustic guitar acoustic guitars n
akustyk gitara akustyczna
A hollow-body guitar of the older variety, in contradistinction to an electric guitar.

acoustically adv
akustycznie
(manner) In an acoustic manner, or using an acoustic musical instrument.

acoustician acousticians n
akustyk
One versed in acoustics, especially a physicist who specializes in acoustics.

acousticness acousticnesses n
akustyczność

acoustics /əˈkuː.stɪks/ n
akustyka
(physics) The science of sounds, teaching their nature, phenomena and laws.

acoustoelectronic adj
akustoelektroniczny

acoustoelectronics n
akustoelektronika

acoustooptic adj
akustooptyczny

acoustooptics /əˌkuːstəʊˈɒptɪks/ n
akustooptyka
(physics) The science that studies the diffraction of light by ultrasonic sound.

acqua alta /ˌækwə ˈæltə/ n
acqua alta
A phenomenon that regularly occurs in the city of Venice, Italy, typically during high and spring tide, involving the flooding of the most low-lying areas of Venice.

acquaintance /əˈkweɪntəns/ /ʌˈkweɪn.təns/ acquaintances n
znajomość
(uncountable) A state of being acquainted with a person; originally indicating friendship, intimacy, but now suggesting a slight knowledge less deep than that of friendship; acquaintanceship. [from 12th c.]
znajomy znajoma
(countable) A person or persons with whom one is acquainted. [from 14th c.]

acquainted /əˈkweɪntɪd/ /əˈkwæɪntəd/ more acquainted most acquainted adj
zaznajomiony
Personally known; familiar.

acquiesce /ˌækwiˈɛs/ v
przyzwalać
(intransitive, with in (or sometimes with, to)) To rest satisfied, or apparently satisfied, or to rest without opposition and discontent (usually implying previous opposition or discontent); to accept or consent by silence or by omitting to object.
godzić się
(intransitive) To concur upon conviction; to assent to; usually, to concur, not heartily but so far as to forbear opposition.

acquiescence /ˌæk.wiːˈɛs.əns/ acquiescences n
potulność przyzwolenie
A silent or passive assent or submission, or a submission with apparent content, distinguished from avowed consent on the one hand, and on the other, from opposition or open discontent; quiet satisfaction.

acquiescent /æˈkwi.ɛsn̩t/ more acquiescent most acquiescent adj
spolegliwy
willing to acquiesce, accept or agree to something without objection, protest or resistance

acquire /əˈkwaɪə/ /əˈkwaɪɚ/ v
nabyć nabywać
(transitive) To gain, usually by one's own exertions; to get as one's own

acquired /əˈkwaɪəd/ /əˈkwaɪɹd/ adj
nabyty
(medicine) Developed after birth; not congenital.

acquired taste acquired tastes n
specyficzny
(idiomatic) Something that is appreciated only after having initially been regarded as unappealing or unpleasant; a person who is regarded as difficult or dislikable but of whom at least some have grown to approve.

acquis /aˈkiː/ /ɑˈki/ n
acquis
Short for acquis communautaire.

acquisition /ˌæk.wəˈzɪʃ.ən/ /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/ acquisitions n
nabycie akwizycja nabywanie
The act or process of acquiring.
nabytek
The thing acquired or gained; a gain.

acquisitional adj
akwizycyjny
Of or relating to acquisition.

acquit /əˈkwɪt/ v
uniewinnić
(transitive) To declare or find innocent or not guilty.
uniewinnić od zarzutu
(transitive) To discharge (for example, a claim or debt); to clear off, to pay off; to fulfil.

acquittal /əˈkwɪ.d(ə)l/ /əˈkwɪ.t(ə)l/ acquittals n
uniewinnianie
(legal) A legal decision that someone is not guilty with which they have been charged, or the formal dismissal of a charge by some other legal process. [from 15th c.]

acrasia /əˈkɹeɪziə/ n
akrasia
lack of self-control; excess; intemperance

acre /ˈeɪ.kə/ /ˈeɪ.kɚ/ acre acres n
akr
Any of various similar units of area in other systems.

acrichin n
akrychina

acrid /ˈæk.ɹɪd/ acrider acridest more acrid most acrid adj
ostry cierpki drażniący gryzący
Sharp and harsh, or bitter and not to the taste.
uszczypliwy
(figurative) Caustic; bitter; bitterly irritating.

acridine acridines n
akrydyna
(uncountable, organic compound) A tricyclic aromatic heterocycle, dibenzopyridine, obtained from coal tar; it is used in the manufacture of dyes and drugs

acrimonious /-ɹə-/ /ˌæk.ɹɪˈmoʊ.ni.əs/ /ˌæk.ɹɪˈməʊ.nɪ.əs/ more acrimonious most acrimonious adj
kłótliwy ostry
(figuratively) Angry, acid, and sharp in delivering argumentative replies: bitter, mean-spirited, sharp in language or tone. [from early 17th c.]

acroamatic more acroamatic most acroamatic adj
akroamatyczny
(education) Based on lectures or exposition by monologue.

acrobat /ˈæk.ɹə.bæt/ acrobats n
akrobata akrobatka
An athlete who performs acts requiring skill, agility and coordination, often as part of a circus performance.

acrobatic /ˌækɹəˈbætɪk/ more acrobatic most acrobatic adj
akrobatyczny
Of or pertaining to an acrobat.

acrobatically more acrobatically most acrobatically adv
akrobatycznie
In an acrobatic manner.

acrobatics n
akrobatyka
The art of performing acrobatic gymnastic feats.

acrocyanosis /ˌæ.kɹoʊ.ˌsaɪ.ə.ˈnoʊ.sɪs/ acrocyanoses n
akrocyjanoza
(pathology) A persistent blue or cyanotic discoloration of the digits, most commonly occurring in the hands although also occurring in the face and feet as well.

acrolein /əˈkɹoʊliɪn/ /əˈkɹəʊliɪn/ /ˈækɹəliːn/ /ˈækɹəˌlin/ acroleins n
akroleina
(organic compound) A pungent, acrid, poisonous liquid aldehyde, CH2=CH-CH=O, made by the destructive distillation of glycerol.

acrolith acroliths n
akrolit

acromegaly /ˌækroʊˈmɛɡəli/ acromegalies n
akromegalia
(disease) A chronic disease marked by enlargement of the bones of the extremities, face, and jaw that is caused by over-activity of the pituitary gland.

acromonogrammatic adj
akromonogramatyczny

acronym /ˈæk.ɹə.nɪm/ acronyms n
akronim skrótowiec skrót
(linguistics) An abbreviation formed by the initial letters of other words.

acronymic adj
akronimiczny

acronymization n
akronimizacja
The act, process, or result of turning a phrase into an acronym.

acronymous adj
akronimiczny

acrophobia acrophobias n
akrofobia
phobia or strong fear of being high above ground level

acropolis /əˈkɹɒpəlɪs/ acropoleis acropolises n
akropol
A promontory (usually fortified with a citadel) forming the hub of many Grecian cities, and around which many were built for defensive purposes before and during the classical period; compare Acropolis.

acrosome acrosomes n
akrosom
A structure forming the end of the head of a spermatozoon

across /əˈkɹɑs/ /əˈkɹɒs/ /əˈkɹɔs/ adv
po drugiej stronie
On the other side.
poziomo
(crosswords) Horizontally.

across /əˈkɹɑs/ /əˈkɹɒs/ /əˈkɹɔs/ preposition
naprzeciwko po drugiej stronie
On the opposite side of (something that lies between two points of interest).
naprzeciwko przez po drugiej stronie poprzez
(Southern US, AAVE) across from: on the opposite side, relative to something that lies between, from (a point of interest).
przez poprzez
From one side to the other within (a space being traversed).

across the board
bez wyjątku powszechny we wszystkich dziedzinach
(idiomatic) Pertaining to all categories or things.

acrostic /əˈkɹɑstɪk/ /əˈkɹɒstɪk/ /əˈkɹɔstɪk/ acrostics n
akrostych
A poem or other text in which certain letters, often the first in each line, spell out a name or message. [from 16th c.]

acroterium /ˌækɹəˈtɪəɹi.əm/ acroteria n
akroterion akroterium naszczytnik
(architecture) One of the small pedestals, for statues or other ornaments, placed on the apex and at the basal angles of a pediment, or upon the gables in Gothic architecture.

acrow prop acrow props n
stempel

acrylate /ˈækɹɪleɪt/ acrylates n
akrylan
(organic compound) Any salt or ester of acrylic acid.

acrylic /ə.ˈkɹɪl.ɪk/ adj
akrylowy
(organic chemistry) Derived from acrylic acid or acrylonitrile.
Containing an acrylic resin.

acrylic /ə.ˈkɹɪl.ɪk/ acrylics n
akryl farba akrylowa
(painting) A paint containing an acrylic resin.
akryl
A thick sheet of plastic.

acrylonitrile acrylonitriles n
akrylonitryl
(organic compound) A toxic colourless liquid organic compound, CH2=CH.CN, synthesized from propylene and ammonia; used as a monomer in the production of acrylic resins and synthetic rubber.

acrylonitrilic adj
akrylonitrylowy

act /æk/ /ækt/ acts n
czyn akt
(countable) Something done, a deed.
ustawa akt
(law, countable) A product of a legislative body, a statute.
działanie
The process of doing something.
akt
(countable) A formal or official record of something done.
(countable, drama) A division of a theatrical performance.

act /æk/ /ækt/ v
działać robić zdziałać zrobić
(obsolete, transitive) To do (something); to perform.
grać
(intransitive) To perform a theatrical role.
postąpić postępować zachować się zachowywać
(intransitive) To behave in a certain manner for an indefinite length of time.
(intransitive, law) To carry out work as a legal representative in relation to a particular legal matter.

act of God acts of God n
siła wyższa
(legal) An unforeseen occurrence beyond one's control, such as a natural disaster.

act of faith acts of faith n
akt wiary
(religion) An action that demonstrates one's religious faith.

act out /ˌækt ˈaʊ̯t/ v
odegrać odgrywać
(idiomatic) To perform a scene from a play, a charade or an exercise.

act the goat v
błaznować
To play around in a silly manner.

actin actins n
aktyna
(protein, uncountable) A globular structural protein that polymerizes in a helical fashion to form an actin filament (or microfilament).

acting /ˈæk.tɪŋ/ adj
p.o. pełniąca obowiązki pełniący obowiązki
Temporarily assuming the duties or authority of another person when they are unable to do their job.

acting /ˈæk.tɪŋ/ actings n
aktorstwo aktorszczyzna
(uncountable, drama) The occupation of an actor.

actinic /ækˈtɪn ɪk/ adj
aktyniczny
(chemistry, or, photography) Of or relating to actinism, the range of photochemical effects produced by exposure to EM radiation, particularly sunlight.

actinide /ˈæktɪnaɪd/ actinides n
aktynowiec
(chemistry) Any of the 15 radioactive elements of the periodic table from actinium to lawrencium that are positioned under the lanthanides, to which they have similar chemistry.

actinism actinisms n
aktyniczność
(chemistry, physics) That property of electromagnetic radiation that leads to the production of photochemical effects

actinium /ækˈtɪniəm/ actiniums n
aktyn
A radioactive, metallic chemical element (symbol: Ac) with an atomic number of 89; found in uranium ores.

actino- prefix
aktyno-
(biology) radial; ray

actinograph actinographs n
aktynograf
A recording actinometer.

actinolite actinolites n
aktynolit
(mineral) A mineral with monoclinic crystals of the chemical formula Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2, belonging to the amphibole group.

actinolitic more actinolitic most actinolitic adj
aktynolitowy
(mineralogy) Of the nature of, or containing, actinolite.

actinology /ˌæk.təˈnɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌæk.təˈnɒ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌæk.tɪˈnɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌæk.tɪˈnɒ.lə.d͡ʒi/ n
aktynologia
(science) The study of the effect of light on chemicals.

actinometer actinometers n
aktynometr
(physics) A device used to measure the heating power of electromagnetic radiation, especially that of solar radiation.

actinometric more actinometric most actinometric adj
aktynometryczny
Of or pertaining to actinometry

actinometry /ˌæktɪˈnɒmətɹi/ actinometries n
aktynometria
the measurement of the heating power of electromagnetic radiation, especially that of solar radiation

actinomycin actinomycins n
aktynomycyna
(protein, pharmaceutical drug) Any of a class of toxic polypeptide antibiotics found in soil bacteria of genus Streptomyces.

actinomycosis actinomycoses n
aktynomikoza promienica
(pathology) An infectious bacterial disease of cattle and swine, sometimes transmitted to man, characterized by the formation of painful abscesses in the mouth, lungs, or gastrointestinal tract, caused by Actinomyces israelii, Actinomyces gerencseriae, and Propionibacterium propionicum.

actinon actinons n
aktynon

action /ˈæk.ʃən/ interjection
akcja
Demanding or signifying the start of something, usually a performance.

action /ˈæk.ʃən/ actions n
akcja działanie czyn czynność
Something done, often so as to accomplish a purpose.
akcja
Fast-paced activity.
(military) Combat.

action movie action movies n
film akcji
A motion picture whose storyline involves fast-paced activity and conflict, usually including such elements as a heroic protagonist, violent fights, acrobatic stunts, chase scenes, and gunplay.

action plan action plans n
rozkład
A planned series of actions, tasks or steps designed to achieve an objective or goal.

action-packed more action-packed most action-packed adj
pełen akcji
Full of action; dramatic and exciting.

actionless more actionless most actionless adj
bezakcyjny

actions speak louder than words proverb
czyny mówią głośniej niż słowa
It is more effective to act directly than to speak of action.

activate /ˈæktɪˌveɪt/ v
aktywować uaktywniać uaktywnić
(transitive) To put a device, mechanism (alarm etc.) or system into action or motion; to trigger, to actuate, to set off, to enable.

activated carbon n
węgiel aktywowany
(chemistry) A very absorbent form of finely powdered carbon; used in purifying gases, and as an antidote for many poisons.

activation /ˌæktəˈveɪʃən/ /ˌæktɪˈveɪʃən/ activations n
aktywacja uaktywnianie
Making active and effective; bringing into a state of activity.

activational adj
aktywacyjny
Of or pertaining to activation

activator activators n
aktywizator
One who, or that which, activates.
aktywator
(chemistry) Something that activates a catalyst

active /ˈæk.tɪv/ more active most active adj
aktywny czynny
Having the power or quality of acting; causing change; communicating action or motion; acting;—opposed to passive, that receives.
In action; actually proceeding; working; in force
aktywny
Brisk; lively.

active duty n
służba czynna
(military) A state in which person in the military performs military duties on a full-time basis, as opposed to reserve, where one only occasionally performs military duties.

active participle active participles n
imiesłów czynny
(grammar) A participle indicating an ongoing or completed action or state in the active voice, where a noun modified by the participle is taken to represent the agent of the action denoted by the verb.

active vocabulary active vocabularies n
słownik czynny
The collection of words and phrases that someone commonly uses in speech and writing.

active voice active voices n
strona czynna
(grammar, uncountable) The form in which the subject of a verb carries out some action.

active volcano active volcanoes active volcanos n
wulkan czynny czynny wulkan
(vulcanology, geology) A volcano that has erupted in the last 10,000 years, although not necessarily venting lava or gases now.

actively /ˈæktɪvli/ more actively most actively adv
aktywnie
In an active manner.

activism /ˈæk.tɪ.vɪ.zəm̩/ /ˈæk.tɪ.vɪz.m̩/ activisms n
aktywizm
The practice of using action to achieve a result, such as political demonstration or a strike in support of or in opposition to an issue.

activist /ˈæk.tɪ.vɪst/ activists n
aktywista aktywistka działacz działaczka
One who is politically active in the role of a citizen; especially, one who campaigns for change.

activistic /æk.tɪˈvɪst.ɪk/ more activistic most activistic adj
aktywistyczny
Relating to the practice of activism or the behavior and beliefs of activists.

activity /ækˈtɪv.ə.ti/ /ækˈtɪv.ɪ.ti/ /ækˈtɪv.ɪ.tiː/ [ækˈtɪv.ə.ɾi] [ækˈtɪv.ɪ.ɾi] activities n
aktywność
(uncountable) The state or quality of being active; activeness.
(countable) Something done as an action or a movement.
The property of substances to react with other substances
aktywność działalność
(countable) Something done for pleasure or entertainment, especially one involving movement or an excursion.

actomyosin actomyosins n
aktomiozyna
(protein) A protein complex composed of actin and myosin, found in muscle fibres.

actor /ˈak.tə/ /ˈæk.tɚ/ actors actress n
aktor aktorka
A person who acts a part in a theatrical play or (later) in film or television; a dramatic performer. [from 16th c.]

actorly more actorly most actorly adj
aktorsko

actress /ˈæk.tɹɪs/ actor actresses n
aktorka
(now, _, rare) A female doer or "actor" (in a general sense). [from 16th c.]

actual /ˈæk(t)ʃ(u)əl/ /ˈæktj(ʊ)əl/ /ˈæt͡ʃəl/ adj
prawdziwy właściwy
Existing in reality, not just potentially; really acted or acting; occurring in fact. [from 14th c.]
aktualny
(now, rare) in action at the time being; now existing; current. [from 18th c.]

actualism actualisms n
aktualizm
(philosophy) The belief that actuality and existence are co‐extensive: i.e., that only actual things exist, and merely possible things do not.

actualist actualists n
aktualista
A proponent of actualism.

actually /ˈak.tjʊ.ə.lɪ/ /ˈak.t͡ʃ(ʊ.)(ə.)li/ /ˈak.t͡ʃʊ.ə.lɪ/ /ˈak.ʃ(ʊ.)(ə.)li/ /ˈat͡ʃ.li/ /ˈat͡ʃ.u.li/ /ˈat͡ʃ.ə.li/ /ˈæk.t͡ʃ(u.)(ə.)li/ /ˈæk.ʃ(u.)(ə.)li/ adv
faktycznie właściwie autentycznie naprawdę
(modal) In act or in fact; really; in truth; positively.

actuarial science n
wiedza aktuarialna
(applied mathematics, insurance, finance) The discipline within applied mathematics dealing with risk assessment and the modelling of uncertainty; the rigorous application of mathematical and statistical methods to assess risk, in industries including insurance and finance.

actuary /ˈæktjʊəɹi/ /ˈæktʃuˌɛɹi/ /ˈæktʃəɹi/ /ˈæktʃʊəɹi/ actuaries n
aktuariusz
A professional who calculates financial values associated with uncertain events subject to risk, such as insurance premiums or pension contributions.

actuate /ˈæktju.eɪt/ /ˈæktʃu.eɪt/ /ˈækt͡ʃu.eɪt/ v
uruchomić
(transitive) To activate, or to put into motion; to animate.
pobudzać
(transitive) To incite to action; to motivate.

acuity /əˈkjuːɪti/ acuities n
ostrość
Sharpness or acuteness, as of a needle, wit, etc.

acumen /æˈkjumən/ /əˈkjumən/ /əˈkjuːmən/ /ˈækjəmən/ /ˈækjəˌmɛn/ /ˈækjʊmən/ acumens acumina n
bystrość przenikliwość
Quickness of perception or discernment; penetration of mind; the faculty of nice discrimination.

acupoint acupoints n
akupunkt
(alternative medicine) A specific point on the body where acupuncture or acupressure is applied.

acupressure acupressures n
akupresura
(uncountable) An alternative medicine technique, derived from acupuncture, in which physical pressure is applied to acupoints.

acupunctural adj
akupunkturowy
Relating to acupuncture.

acupuncture /ˈæ.kju.ˌpʌŋk.t͡ʃɝ/ acupunctures n
akupunktura
The insertion of needles into the (living) tissue of the body affecting the Qi or energy along energetic pathways of the body called meridians. This modality is traditionally used as a form of internal medical treating all disease and illnesses, in Western countries it is widely used for the purposes of pain relief.

acupuncturist acupuncturists n
akupunkturzysta akupunkturzystka
A healthcare professional who is qualified or professionally engaged in the practice of acupuncture.

acute /əˈkjut/ /əˈkjuːt/ acuter acutest more acute most acute adj
ostry
Intense; sensitive; sharp.
(geometry, of an angle) Less than 90 degrees.
(geometry, of a triangle) Having all three interior angles measuring less than 90 degrees.
akutowy
(orthography) After a letter of the alphabet: having an acute accent.

acute /əˈkjut/ /əˈkjuːt/ acutes n
akcent ostry akut intonacja akutowa
(linguistics, chiefly, historical) An accent or tone higher than others.

acute accent acute accents n
akcent akutowy akcent ostry akut
(orthography) : A diacritical mark ( ´ ) that can be placed above a number of letters in many languages of the Latin, Greek and Cyrillic writing systems.

acute angle acute angles n
kąt ostry
(mathematics, geometry) An angle measuring less than ninety degrees.

acute triangle acute triangles n
trójkąt ostrokątny
(geometry) A triangle all of the angles of which are acute.

acute-angled adj
ostrokątny
(geometry) Of a triangle, having three acute angles.

acyclic /eɪˈsaɪklɪk/ /eɪˈsɪklɪk/ more acyclic most acyclic adj
acykliczny niecykliczny
(chemistry) Not cyclic; having an open chain structure.

acyclically adv
acyklicznie

acyclicity n
acykliczność
The property of being acyclic.

acyl /ˈeɪ.saɪl/ /ˈæ.sɪl/ acyls n
acyl
(organic chemistry) Any of class of organic radicals, RCO-, formed by the removal of a hydroxyl group from a carboxylic acid.

acylate v
acylować

acylation acylations n
acylowanie
(organic chemistry) The process of adding an acyl group to a compound.

acylhydrolase acylhydrolases n
acylohydrolaza

acyltransferase /ˌasɪlˈtɹansfəɹeɪz/ /ˌeɪsʌɪlˈtɹɑːnzfəɹeɪz/ acyltransferases n
acylotransferaza
(enzyme) Any of several transferase enzymes that catalyze the transfer of acyl groups between lipids.

ad hoc /ˌæd ˈhɑk/ /ˌæd ˈhɒk/ /ˌæd ˈhɔk/ more ad hoc most ad hoc adj
ad hoc dla tego doraźny
For a particular purpose.

ad hoc /ˌæd ˈhɑk/ /ˌæd ˈhɒk/ /ˌæd ˈhɔk/ more ad hoc most ad hoc adv
ad hoc
On the spur of the moment.

ad infinitum /ˌæd ɪnfɪˈnaɪtəm/ adv
do nieskończoności nieskończenie
Endlessly; for ever; neverendingly.

ad nauseam /ˌæd ˈnɑziəm/ /ˌæd ˈnɒziəm/ /ˌæd ˈnɔziəm/ /ˌæd ˈnɔːziəm/ adv
do znudzenia
To a nauseating or sickening degree.

ad-free adj
bez reklam

adage /ˈæ.dɪd͡ʒ/ adages n
przysłowie maksyma porzekadło
An old saying which has obtained credit by long use.

adagio /əˈdæd͡ʒiəʊ/ /əˈdɑːd͡ʒiəʊ/ adj
adagio

adagio /əˈdæd͡ʒiəʊ/ /əˈdɑːd͡ʒiəʊ/ adagios n
adagio
(music) A tempo mark directing that a passage is to be played rather slowly, leisurely and gracefully.

adamant /ˈæd.ə.mænt/ /ˈæd.ə.mənt/ more adamant most adamant adj
nieustępliwy zdecydowany
(said of people and their conviction) Firm; unshakeable; unyielding; determined.

adamant /ˈæd.ə.mænt/ /ˈæd.ə.mənt/ adamants n
adamant
An imaginary rock or mineral of impenetrable hardness; a name given to the diamond and other substances of extreme hardness.

adamantane adamantanes n
adamantan

adamantine /ˌæd.əˈmæn.taɪn/ /ˌæd.əˈmæn.tin/ /ˌæd.əˈmæn.tɪn/ more adamantine most adamantine adj
adamantowy
Made of adamant, or having the qualities of adamant; incapable of being broken, dissolved, or penetrated.

adamellite adamellites n
adamellit

adamsite n
adamsyt
An organic compound, diphenylaminechlorarsine, used as a riot-control agent.

adapt /əˈdæpt/ v
adaptować adaptować się zaadaptować zaadaptować się
(transitive) To make suitable; to make to correspond; to fit or suit
adaptować zaadaptować
(transitive) To fit by alteration; to modify or remodel for a different purpose; to adjust
adaptować się zaadaptować się
(intransitive) To make oneself comfortable to a new thing.

adaptability /ədæptəˈbɪlɪti/ adaptabilities n
adaptowalność
The quality of being adaptable; a quality that renders adaptable.
adaptabilność przystosowawczość
(biology) Variability in respect to, or under the influence of, external conditions; susceptibility of an organism to that variation whereby it becomes suited to or fitted for its conditions of environment; the capacity of an organism to be modified by circumstances.

adaptable /əˈdæptəbəl/ more adaptable most adaptable adj
giętki adaptowalny
Capable of adapting or of being adapted.

adaptation /ˌædæpˈteɪʃən/ adaptations n
adaptacja przystosowanie
(uncountable) The process of adapting something or becoming adapted to a situation; adjustment, modification.
adaptacja
(countable) A change that is made or undergone to suit a condition or environment.
(countable, evolutionary theory) An instance of an organism undergoing change, or the structure or behavior that is changed.
(uncountable) The process of adapting an artistic work from a different medium.
(countable, authorship) An artistic work that has been adapted from a different medium.

adaptationism n
adaptacjonizm
(evolutionary theory) The view that many traits of organisms are evolved adaptations.

adapter /əˈdæptə(ɹ)/ /əˈdæptəɹ/ adapters n
adaptator adaptatorka
One who adapts a thing, e.g. a play.
adapter przejściówka
Specifically, an AC adapter: a device that reduces voltage and converts AC to DC to allow a battery-powered device to use mains power.
Specifically, a device that allows one format of plug to be used with a different format of socket.
przedłużacz rozgałęźnik złodziejka
Specifically, a device that permits two or more plugs to be used at a single electrical power point.

adaptionally adv
adaptacyjnie

adaptive /əˈdæp.tɪv/ more adaptive most adaptive adj
adaptacyjny adaptatywny
Of, pertaining to, characterized by or showing adaptation; making or made fit or suitable.
Capable of being adapted or of adapting; susceptible of or undergoing accordant change.

adaptively more adaptively most adaptively adv
adaptatywnie
In an adaptive manner; with adaptation; in a fitting manner

adaptiveness adaptivenesses n
adaptacyjność adaptatywność przystosowalność przystosowawczość
The state or quality of being adaptive; capacity to adapt.

adaptivity adaptivities n
adaptacyjność przystosowalność przystosowawczość

adaptogen adaptogens n
adaptogen
(alternative medicine) Any natural herbal substance, such as ginseng, that is purported to assist the body to adapt to stress, and to exert a normalizing effect upon body functions.

adaptogenic more adaptogenic most adaptogenic adj
adaptogenny
Being or relating to an adaptogen.

adaptometer adaptometers n
adaptometr
An optometric instrument that measures the minimum threshold of brightness that can be detected or how well the human eye can adapt to a recently darkened environment.

adaxial adj
doosiowy
(botany) On the side that is towards the axis or central line, usually on the upper side.

adblocker adblockers n
program blokujący reklamy
(Internet) A piece of software that removes advertising elements from a web page.

add /æd/ v
dodać
(transitive) To append (e.g. a statement); to say further information; to add on.
dodawać dodać
(intransitive) To make an addition; to augment; to increase; to add on.
dodać dodawać
(intransitive, mathematics) To perform the arithmetical operation of addition.

add fuel to the fire v
dolać oliwy do ognia dolewać oliwy do ognia
(idiomatic) To worsen a conflict between people; to inflame an already tense situation.

add insult to injury v
na domiar złego
(idiomatic) To further a loss with mockery or indignity; to worsen an already unfavourable situation.

add up v
dodawać dodać
(transitive, of a numerical amount) To take the sum of; to total.
sumować się
(intransitive) To accumulate; to amount to.

add-on add-ons n
dodatek
(computer hardware, software) A software extension or hardware peripheral that provides additional functions or customization for a core application or system.

addend /ˈæd.ɛnd/ addends n
dodajnik składnik
(mathematics) Addendum, any one of two or more numbers or other terms that are to be added together.

addendum /əˈden.dəm/ /əˈdɛn.dəm/ addenda addendums n
addendum
Something to be added; especially text added as an appendix or supplement to a document.

adder /ˈædɚ/ adders n
żmija
Agkistrodon contortrix mokasen, the northern copperhead, a venomous viper found in the eastern United States
The common European adder (Vipera berus).

adder's tongue adder's tongues n
nasięźrzał
Any of several ferns in the genus Ophioglossum, whose spores are produced on a spike resembling a serpent's tongue.

addict /əˈdɪkt/ /ˈæd.ɪkt/ addicts n
nałogowiec uzależniony
A person who is addicted, especially to a harmful drug
entuzjasta fanatyk maniak
An adherent or fan (of something)

addiction /əˈdɪkʃən/ addictions n
uzależnienie
The state of being addicted; devotion; inclination.
nałóg uzależnienie
A habit or practice that damages, jeopardizes or shortens one's life but when ceased causes trauma.
współuzależnienie
A pathological relationship to mood altering experience that has life damaging consequences.

addictive /əˈdɪktɪv/ more addictive most addictive adj
uzależniający
Causing or tending to cause addiction; habit-forming.

addition /əˈdɪʃ.ən/ [əˈdɪʃ.n̩] additions n
dodawanie dodatek
(uncountable) The act of adding anything.
dodatek
Anything that is added.
dodawanie
(uncountable) The arithmetic operation of adding.

addition reaction addition reactions n
addycja
(chemistry) a reaction in which radicals are added to both sides of a double or triple bond

additional /əˈdɪʃənəl/ adj
dodatkowy
Supplemental or added to something.

additionally adv
ponadto
By way of addition; in addition to; also.

additive /ˈæ.də.tɪv/ /ˈæ.dɪ.tɪv/ [ˈæ.ɾə.tɪv] [ˈæ.ɾə.ɾɪv] more additive most additive adj
addytywny
(mathematics) Pertaining to addition; that can be, or has been, added.
(genetics) Of or pertaining to genes (or the interaction etc. of such genes) which govern the same trait and whose effects work together on the phenotype.

additive inverse /ˌæd.ə.t̬ɪv ˈɪn.vɝːs/ /ˌæd.ɪ.tɪv ˈɪn.vɜːs/ additive inverses n
liczba przeciwna
(mathematics) The inverse with respect to addition; the opposite.

additively more additively most additively adv
addycyjnie addytywnie
In an additive manner.

additivity additivities n
addycyjność addytywność
(uncountable) The property of being additive

address /əˈdɹɛs/ /ˈæd.ɹɛs/ addresses n
adres
A description of the location of a property, usually with at least a street name and number, name of a town, and now also a postal code; such a description as superscribed for direction on an envelope or letter. [from 17th c.]
(computing) A number identifying a specific storage location in computer memory; a string of characters identifying a location on the internet or other network; sometimes (specifically) an e-mail address. [from 20th c.]
(by extension) The property itself. [from 19th c.]
A formal approach to a sovereign, especially an official appeal or petition; later (specifically) a response given by each of the Houses of Parliament to the sovereign's speech at the opening of Parliament. [from 17th c.]
przemowa przemówienie
An act of addressing oneself to a person or group; a discourse or speech, or a record of this. [from 17th c.]

address /əˈdɹɛs/ /ˈæd.ɹɛs/ v
adresować zaadresować
(transitive) To direct speech to; to make a communication to, whether spoken or written; to apply to by words, as by a speech, petition, etc., to speak to.
(transitive) To direct in writing, as a letter; to superscribe, or to direct and transmit.
(transitive) To address oneself to; to prepare oneself for; to apply oneself to; to direct one's speech, discourse or efforts to.

address bar address bars n
pasek adresu
(computing, graphical user interface) A bar in a web browser that displays the address (uniform resource identifier) of the page or resource being displayed.

addressable more addressable most addressable adj
adresowalny

addressee addressees n
adresat odbiorca adresatka odbiorczyni
The person or organization to which something, such as a letter or message, is addressed or sent, for whom the item is intended.

addressing /əˈdɹɛsɪŋ/ addressings n
adresacja adresografia adresowanie
A process of putting a person's name and address on an item of mail
adresacja adresografia
(computing) Any of several methods of locating and accessing information within storage

addressive more addressive most addressive adj
adresatywny

addressless more addressless most addressless adj
bezadresowy

addressograph addressographs n
adresarka adresograf

adduct /əˈdʌkt/ /ˈæ.dʌkt/ adducts n
addukt
(chemistry) The product of an addition reaction.

adduction /əˈdʌk.ʃn̩/ /ˈeɪ.ˈdiː.dʌk.ʃn̩/ adductions n
addukcja
(anatomy) The action by which the parts of the body are drawn towards its axis; -- opposed to abduction.

adductor /əˈdʌktɚ/ adductores adductors n
adduktor przywodziciel
(anatomy) A muscle which draws a limb or part of the body toward the middle line of the body, or closes extended parts of the body; -- opposed to abductor

adelphophagy n
adelfofagia
The consumption of one embryo by another in utero, particularly among certain amphibians, sharks and fishes

adenine /ˈæ.dəˌniːn/ /ˈæ.dɪˌnɪn/ adenines n
adenina
(biochemistry, genetics) A base, C5H5N5, found in certain glands and tissues, which pairs with thymine in DNA and uracil in RNA.

adenocarcinoma adenocarcinomas adenocarcinomata n
gruczolakorak
(oncology) Any of several forms of carcinoma that originate in glandular tissue.

adenoid /ˈad.ɪn.ɔɪd/ /ˈæd.əˌnɔɪd/ /ˈædˌnɔɪd/ adenoids n
adenoid migdałek gardłowy
(symptom) an abnormally enlarged mass of lymphatic tissue at the back of the pharynx, often obstructing the nasal and ear passages and hindering speaking and breathing in young children.

adenoidal more adenoidal most adenoidal adj
adenoidalny
(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the adenoids.

adenoma /ædəˈnoʊmə/ adenomas adenomata n
gruczolak
(pathology) A benign tumour of the epithelium arising from or resembling a gland.

adenopathy /æ.dəˈnɑ.pə.θi/ adenopathies n
adenopatia
(pathology) Swelling or enlargement of the glands (especially the lymph nodes); any glandular disease.

adenosine /əˈdɛnə(ʊ)siːn/ /əˈdɛnəsən/ /əˈdɛnəˌsin/ adenosines n
adenozyna
(biochemistry, genetics, organic compound) A nucleoside derived from adenine and ribose, found in striated muscle tissue. [from 20th c.]

adenosine diphosphate n
adenozynodwufosforan

adenosine monophosphate adenosine monophosphates n
adenozynomonofosforan
(biochemistry) a nucleotide, found in all animal muscle cells, reversibly convertible to adenosine diphosphate and adenosine triphosphate

adenosine triphosphate n
adenozynotrójfosforan
(biochemistry, neurotransmitter) a nucleotide that is used as a source of energy in cellular reactions, in the synthesis of nucleic acids, and as a neurotransmitter recognised by purinergic receptors

adenosinic adj
adenozynowy

adenotomy adenotomies n
adenotomia

adenoviral more adenoviral most adenoviral adj
adenowirusowy

adenovirus /əˈdɛnəʊˌvaɪɹəs/ adenoviruses n
adenowirus
(medicine) Any virus of the family Adenoviridae, many of which are responsible for respiratory infections in humans

adept /ædˈɛpt/ /əˈdɛpt/ /ˈæd.ɛpt/ adepter adeptest more adept most adept adj
biegły
Well skilled; completely versed; thoroughly proficient

adept /ædˈɛpt/ /əˈdɛpt/ /ˈæd.ɛpt/ adepts n
ekspert ekspertka mistrz mistrzyni
One fully skilled or well versed in anything; a proficient

adequacy adequacies n
adekwatność odpowiedniość stosowność
The quality of being sufficient, adequate or able to meet the needs.

adequate /ˈæ.də.kɪt/ /ˈæd.ə.kwɪt/ /ˈæd.ɪ.kwət/ /ˈæd.ɪˌkweɪt/ more adequate most adequate adj
adekwatny odpowiedni
Equal to or fulfilling some requirement.

adequately more adequately most adequately adv
adekwatnie
In an adequate manner.

adequateness adequatenesses n
adekwatność właściwość
The quality of being adequate, of meeting needs or expectations.

adessive adj
adesywny

adhan /ɑːˈðɑːn/ /əˈðɑːn/ adhans n
adhan
(Islam) The call to prayer, which consisted originally of simply four takbirs followed by the statement (أَشْهَدُ أَنْ) لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا ٱلله.

adherence /ədˈhɪə.ɹəns/ /ədˈhɪɹ.əns/ adherences n
adherencja
Faithful support for some cause.

adherent /ædˈ(h)ɪə.ɹənt/ /ædˈ(h)ɪɹ.ənt/ /əd-/ adherents n
popleczniczka poplecznik stronniczka stronnik
A person who has membership in some group, association or religion.

adhesion /ˌædˈhiː.ʒən/ adhesions n
adhezja
The ability of a substance to stick to an unlike substance.
(biochemistry) The binding of a cell to a surface or substrate.

adhesional adj
adhezyjny

adhesionally adv
adhezyjnie

adhesionless more adhesionless most adhesionless adj
bez adhezji

adhesive tape adhesive tapes n
taśma taśma klejąca
(US, medical) Surgical tape, such tape made specifically for medical purposes.

adhesively more adhesively most adhesively adv
adhezyjnie
In an adhesive manner; by adhesion.

adhesiveness adhesivenesses n
adhezyjność
the quality of being, or the degree to which a thing is, adhesive

adhocracy /adˈhɒkɹəsi/ /ædˈhɑkɹəsi/ adhocracies n
adhokracja
(business, organizational theory) An organizational system designed to be flexible and responsive to the needs of the moment rather than excessively bureaucratic. [from 1964.]

adhocrat /adhəˈkɹat/ /ædhəˈkɹæt/ adhocrats n
adhokrata

adhocratic /adhəˈkɹatɪk/ /ædhəˈkɹædɪk/ more adhocratic most adhocratic adj
adhokratyczny

adhocratically /adhəˈkɹatɪk(ə)li/ /ædhəˈkɹædɪk(ə)li/ more adhocratically most adhocratically adv
adhokratycznie

adiabat adiabats n
adiabata
(physics) The curve on a graph of pressure and temperature which gives the adiabatic heating or cooling of a gas.

adiabatic /ˌeɪ.daɪ.əˈbæt.ɪk/ /ˌeɪ.dɪəˈbæt.ɪk/ /ˌæd.ɪəˈbæt.ɪk/ adj
adiabatyczny
(physics, thermodynamics, of a process) That occurs without gain or loss of heat (and thus with no change in entropy, in the quasistatic approximation).

adiabatically adv
adiabatycznie
(science) In an adiabatic way.

adiabaticity adiabaticities n
adiabatyczność

adiaphoral adj
adiaforalny adiaforyczny

adiaphorist adiaphorists n
adiaforysta

adiaphoristic more adiaphoristic most adiaphoristic adj
adiaforystyczny

adiaphorization n
adiaforyzacja

adiaphoron /ˌædiˈæfəɹən/ adiaphora n
adiafora

adiathermic adj
adiatermiczny

adimensional adj
bezwymiarowy
Without dimensions.

adipic adj
adypinowy
(organic chemistry) Pertaining to, or derived from, fatty or oily substances; applied to certain acids obtained from fats by the action of nitric acid.

adipic acid n
kwas adypinowy
(organic compound) A white crystalline dicarboxylic acid, C4H8(COOH)2; it has many industrial applications; when condensed with hexamethylene diamine it produces nylon.

adipocyte adipocytes n
adipocyt
(cytology) a type of cell, present in adipose tissue, where fat is stored as a source of energy

adipose tissue adipose tissues n
tkanka tłuszczowa
(anatomy) Connective tissue which stores fat, and which cushions and insulates the body.

adit /ˈæ.dɪt/ adits n
sztolnia
A horizontal or nearly horizontal passage from the surface into a mine, as contrasted with a shaft or vertical entry passage. An adit may be used for ventilation, haulage, drainage, or other purposes.

adjacent /əˈd͡ʒeɪ.sənt/ adj
przyległy przylegający
Lying next to, close, or contiguous; neighboring; bordering on.

adjectival /ˌædʒɛkˈtaɪ.vəl/ /ˌæd͡ʒəkˈtaɪ.vəl/ /ˌæd͡ʒəˈtaɪ.vəl/ more adjectival most adjectival adj
przymiotnikowy adiektywalny adiektywny
(grammar) Of or relating to or functioning as an adjective.

adjective /ˈæd͡ʒ.ə.tɪv/ /ˈæd͡ʒ.ək.tɪv/ /ˈæd͡ʒ.ɛk.tɪv/ /ˈæd͡ʒ.ɪk.tɪv/ adj
przymiotnikowy
(legal) Applying to methods of enforcement and rules of procedure.

adjective /ˈæd͡ʒ.ə.tɪv/ /ˈæd͡ʒ.ək.tɪv/ /ˈæd͡ʒ.ɛk.tɪv/ /ˈæd͡ʒ.ɪk.tɪv/ adjectives n
przymiotnik adiektyw
(grammar) A word that modifies a noun or noun phrase or describes a noun’s referent.

adjective /ˈæd͡ʒ.ə.tɪv/ /ˈæd͡ʒ.ək.tɪv/ /ˈæd͡ʒ.ɛk.tɪv/ /ˈæd͡ʒ.ɪk.tɪv/ v
adiektywizować zadiektywizować
(transitive) To make an adjective of; to form or convert into an adjective.

adjectiveless adj
bezprzymiotnikowy

adjectivity adjectivities n
adiektywność
The state or condition of being an adjective.

adjectivization adjectivizations n
adiektywizacja
(grammar) The process or result of adjectivizing; conversion into an adjective.

adjectivize v
adiektywizować zadiektywizować

adjika n
adżika adżyka
A hot, spicy but subtly flavoured paste often used to flavour food, mainly in the Caucasian regions of Abkhazia and Samegrelo.

adjunct professor adjunct professors n
adiunkt adiunktka
(US, education) A college professor who is employed part-time or for a limited time, is junior to a full professor, or is otherwise not eligible for tenure.

adjunction adjunctions n
adiunkcja
The act of joining; the thing joined or added.
(category theory) Given a pair of categories \mathcal{C} and \mathcal{D}: an anti-parallel pair of functors F:\mathcal{C}\rightarrow \mathcal{D} and G:\mathcal{D}\rightarrow \mathcal{C} and a natural transformation \eta:\mbox{id}_C \rightarrow GF called “unit” such that for any object A \in \mathcal{C}, for any object B \in \mathcal{D}, and for any morphism f:A\rightarrow GB, there is a unique morphism g:FA\rightarrow B such that Gg \circ \eta_A = f. (Note: there is another natural transformation called “counit” as well but its existence may be derived by theorem.) The pair of functors express a similarity between the pair of categories which is weaker than that of an equivalence of categories.

adjunctive adj
adiunktywny
Forming an adjunct.

adjust /əˈd͡ʒʌst/ v
dostosować dostosowywać
(transitive) To modify.
poprawić
(transitive) To improve or rectify.

adjustable spanner adjustable spanners n
klucz francuski klucz angielski klucz nastawny klucz szwedzki
(British) An adjustable hand tool for tightening and loosening nuts and bolts.

adjustment /əˈd͡ʒʌst.mənt/ adjustments n
regulacja ustawienie
The result of adjusting something; a small change; a minor correction; a modification or alteration

adjutant /ˈæ.d͡ʒə.tənt/ adjutants n
adiutant adiutantka
(military rank) A lower-ranking officer who assists a higher-ranking officer with administrative affairs.

adjutantship adjutantships n
adiutantostwo adiutantura

adjutor adjutors n
adiutor
An adjutant; a helper or assistant;

adjuvant /ˈæd͡ʒ.ə.vənt/ adjuvants n
adiuwant
(agriculture) An additive (often a separate product) that enhances the efficacy of pesticide products, but has little or no pesticidal activity itself. [from mid 20th c.]

admin /ədˈmɪn/ /ˈædˌmɪn/ admins n
admin
(countable, informal, computing) A systems administrator (one who maintains a computer system or network).

administer /ədˈmɪn.ɪ.stə/ /ədˈmɪn.ɪ.stɚ/ v
administrować zarządzać
(transitive) To manage or supervise the conduct, performance or execution of; to govern or regulate the parameters for the conduct, performance or execution of; to work in an administrative capacity.
aplikować podawać podać zaaplikować zadawać zadać
(transitive, medicine) To cause (a patient, human or animal) to ingest (a drug), either by openly offering or through deceit.

administration /ədˌmɪnəˈstɹeɪʃən/ administrations n
administracja
(uncountable) The act of administering; government of public affairs; the service rendered, or duties assumed, in conducting affairs; the conducting of any office or employment; direction.
(countable, government, politics) The executive part of government; the persons collectively who are entrusted with the execution of laws and the superintendence of public affairs; the chief magistrate and his cabinet or council; or the council, or ministry, alone, as in Great Britain.

administrative /ədˈmɪn.əˌstɹeɪ.tɪv/ /ədˈmɪn.ɪ.stɹə.tɪv/ [ədˈmɪn.əˌstɹeɪ.ɾɪv] [ədˈmɪn.ɪ.st̠ɹ̠̊˔ʷə.tʰɪv] more administrative most administrative adj
administracyjny
Of or relating to administering or administration.

administratively adv
administracyjnie
In an administrative manner, or for purposes of administration.

administrativeness n
administracyjność

administrator /ədˈmɪnɪstɹeɪtə/ /ədˈmɪnɪstɹeɪtɚ/ administrators n
administrator zarządca administratorka zarządczyni
One who administers affairs; one who directs, manages, executes, or dispenses, whether in civil, judicial, political, or ecclesiastical affairs; a manager
zarządca zarządczyni
(legal) A person who manages or settles the estate of an intestate, or of a testator when there is no competent executor; one to whom the right of administration has been committed by competent authority
administrator administratorka
(computing) One who is responsible for software installation, management, information and maintenance of a computer or network

administratorship /ædˈmɪnəstɹeɪtɚʃɪp/ administratorships n
administratorstwo

admirable /æd.ˈmaɪ.ɹə.bəl/ /ˈæd.məɹ.ə.bəl/ more admirable most admirable adj
godny podziwu
Deserving of the highest esteem or admiration.

admiral /ˈæd.mə.ɹəl/ /ˈæd.mɚ.əl/ admirals n
admirał
A naval officer of the highest rank; the commander of a country's naval forces.
A naval officer of high rank, immediately below Admiral of the Fleet; the commander of a fleet or squadron.
Any of various nymphalid butterflies of the genera Kaniska, Limenitis and Vanessa, especially a red admiral or white admiral.

admiral of the fleet admirals of the fleet n
admirał floty
(military, UK) the highest rank in the Royal Navy and other navies, NATO grade OF-10, usually reserved for wartime and ceremonial use.

admiralship admiralships n
admiralstwo
The state, property, or office of being an admiral.

admiralty /ˈæd.mɪ.ɹəl.ti/ admiralties n
admiralicja
(military) The office or jurisdiction of an admiral.
(military) The department or officers having authority over naval affairs generally.
(military) The building in which the lords of the admiralty, in England, transact business.

admiration /ˌæd.məˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ admirations n
podziw admiracja
A positive emotion including wonder and approbation; the regarding of another as being wonderful

admirational adj
admiracyjny

admire /ədˈmaɪə/ /ədˈmaɪɹ/ /ədˈmʌɪɹ/ v
podziwiać zachwycać się admirować
(transitive) To regard with wonder and delight.

admirer /ædˈmaɪɚ.ɹɚ/ /ədˈmaɪ.ɹə/ admirers n
wielbiciel admirator admiratorka wielbicielka
One who admires.

admissibility admissibilities n
dopuszczalność
The state or quality of being admissible or allowable.

admissible more admissible most admissible adj
dopuszczalny
Capable or deserving to be admitted, accepted or allowed; allowable, permissible, acceptable.

admission /ædˈmɪʃ.ən/ admissions n
admisja
The act or practice of admitting.

admit /ədˈmɪt/ v
dopuszczać dopuścić wpuszczać wpuścić
(transitive) To allow to enter; to grant entrance (to), whether into a place, into the mind, or into consideration
przyznawać przyznać
(transitive, or, intransitive) To concede as true; to acknowledge or assent to, as an allegation which it is impossible to deny (+ to).

admittance /ədˈmɪt.n̩s/ admittances n
admitancja
(physics) The reciprocal of impedance

admittedly more admittedly most admittedly adv
co prawda
As is acknowledged to be true; by general admission; confessedly.

admonition /ˌædməˈnɪʃən/ admonitions n
admonicja przestroga upomnienie
Gentle or friendly reproof; counseling against fault or oversight; warning.

admonitional more admonitional most admonitional adj
admonicyjny

admonitory /ædˈmɑnɪˌtɔɹi/ /ədˈmɑnɪˌtɔɹi/ /ədˈmɒnɪtəɹi/ /ədˈmɒnɪtɹi/ more admonitory most admonitory adj
admonicyjny
Of or pertaining to an admonition; serving to reprove, warn or advise.

adnominal adj
adnominalny
(grammar) Involving or relating to words that modify a noun.

adnominal case adnominal cases n
przypadek adnominalny

adnominality n
adnominalność

adnominally adv
adnominalnie

adnomination n
adnominacja

adobe /əˈdoʊ.bi/ /əˈdəʊ.bi/ /əˈdəʊb/ adobes n
glinobitka
An unburnt brick dried in the sun.

adolescence /ˌædəˈlɛsəns/ adolescences n
adolescencja młodość wiek dojrzewania
The transitional period of physical and psychological development between childhood and maturity.

adolescent /ˌædəˈlɛsənt/ more adolescent most adolescent adj
nastoletni adolescencyjny dojrzewający
Of, relating to, or at the age of adolescence; at the stage between being a child and an adult.

adolescent /ˌædəˈlɛsənt/ adolescents n
adolescent nastolatek nastolatka
A person who is in adolescence; someone who has reached puberty but is not yet an adult.

adopt /əˈdɑpt/ /əˈdɒpt/ v
adoptować przysposabiać przysposobić zaadoptować
To take (a child, heir, friend, citizen, etc.) by choice into a relationship.

adoption /əˈdɑp.ʃən/ /əˈdɒp.ʃən/ adoptions n
adopcja adoptacja przysposobienie usynowienie
The state of being adopted; the acceptance of a child of other parents as if he or she were one's own child.

adoptionism n
adopcjanizm
(Christianity) A form of Christianity which maintains that Jesus is divine only in the sense that God the Father adopted him, either at Jesus' birth, or at his death, as opposed to the orthodox understanding of the nature of the Trinity.

adoptive /əˈdɒptɪv/ adj
adopcyjny
Related through adoption.

adoptive father adoptive fathers n
ojciec adopcyjny
A man who has adopted a child, as opposed to a biological father.

adorably /əˈdɔɹəbli/ more adorably most adorably adv
uroczo
In an adorable manner.

adoration /ˌæ.dəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ adorations n
adoracja
(countable, religion) An act of religious worship.
(uncountable) Admiration or esteem.

adorational adj
adoracyjny

adorationally adv
adoracyjnie

adore /əˈdo(ː)ɹ/ /əˈdoə̯/ /əˈdɔɹ/ /əˈdɔː/ v
uwielbiać adorować wielbić
To worship.
uwielbiać adorować ubóstwiać
To love with one's entire heart and soul; regard with deep respect and affection.

adorer adorers n
adorator adoratorka
Someone who adores.

adorn /əˈdɔɹn/ /əˈdɔː(ɹ)n/ v
ozdabiać dekorować adornować
To make more beautiful and attractive; to decorate.

adornment adornments n
adornacja ozdoba
A decoration; that which adorns.

adposition /ˈæd.pəˌzɪ.ʃən/ adpositions n
przyimek
(grammar) An element that combines syntactically with a phrase and indicates how that phrase should be interpreted in the surrounding context; a preposition or postposition.

adrenal /æˈdɹiːnəl/ more adrenal most adrenal adj
nadnerczowy
Pertaining to the adrenal glands or their secretions.

adrenal gland adrenal glands n
nadnercze
(anatomy) In mammals, either of a pair of complex endocrine glands, situated above each kidney, secreting hormones which control the heart rate, blood pressure, and metabolism.

adrenaline /əˈdɹɛnəlɪn/ adrenalines n
adrenalina
(hormone) Epinephrine, the hormone and neurotransmitter.
Excitement; thrills.

adrenaline junkie adrenaline junkies n
adrenalinowiec
(colloquial) One who is seemingly addicted to the sensation of exhilaration associated with risky behaviors or exciting situations, and who actively seeks such opportunities.

adrenalinic adj
adrenalinowy

adrenalinogenic adj
adrenalinotwórczy

adrenergic more adrenergic most adrenergic adj
adrenergiczny
Containing or releasing adrenaline.

adrenergically adv
adrenergicznie

adrenocorticotrophin n
adrenokortykotropina

adrenocorticotropic more adrenocorticotropic most adrenocorticotropic adj
adrenokortykotropowy
That stimulates the adrenal cortex.

adrenocorticotropic hormone adrenocorticotropic hormones n
adrenokortykotropina

adsorb /ədˈsɔːb/ /ədˈzɔːb/ v
adsorbować zaadsorbować
(transitive, chemistry, physics) To accumulate on a surface, by adsorption

adsorbable more adsorbable most adsorbable adj
adsorbowalny
(chemistry) Able to be adsorbed

adsorbate /ədˈsɔːbeɪt/ adsorbates n
adsorbat
a substance that has been adsorbed

adsorbent adsorbents n
adsorbent
The solid or liquid in the process of adsorption on which the adsorbate accumulates.

adsorber adsorbers n
adsorber
Something which adsorbs, especially a solid material, such as activated carbon, that has a high surface area and is used to capture a gas or liquid

adsorption adsorptions n
adsorpcja
The adhesion of a liquid or gas on the surface of a solid material, forming a thin film on the surface.

adsorptional /ædˈzɔɹpʃənəl/ more adsorptional most adsorptional adj
adsorpcyjny

adsorptionally adv
adsorpcyjnie

adstratal adj
adstratowy

adstratum adstrata n
adstrat
(linguistics) Any language having elements that are responsible for change in neighbouring languages

adularia adularias n
adular
(mineral) A variety of orthoclase feldspar found as colorless to white prismatic crystals in cavities in metamorphic rocks. Some specimens reflect a bluish sheen along crystal faces. This phenomenon is called adularescence, and adularia with this property is called moonstone. (See sanidine).

adulatory /ˈædjʊlət(ə)ɹi/ /ˈædjʊləˌtɔɹi/ /ˌædjʊˈleɪtəɹi/ more adulatory most adulatory adj
pochlebczy
Exhibiting adulation; overly flattering.

adult /əˈdʌlt/ /ˈæd.əlt/ /ˈæd.ʌlt/ more adult most adult adj
dorosły dorosła
Fully grown.
dla dorosłych
(of a beverage) Containing alcohol, intended for consumption only by adults.
(of a cookie, gummy, etc.) Containing marijuana, intended for consumption only by adults.
Containing excessive vulgar or profane speech, text or images, intended only for adults.

adult /əˈdʌlt/ /ˈæd.əlt/ /ˈæd.ʌlt/ adults n
dorosły dorosła osoba dorosła
A fully grown human or animal.

adulterer /əˈdʌltəɹə/ /əˈdʌltəɹɚ/ adulterers adulteress n
cudzołożnik cudzołożnica
One who commits adultery: a spouse who has sex with a non-spouse

adulteress adulterer adulteresses n
cudzołożnica
A female adulterer, a married woman or wife who commits adultery.

adulterous /əˈdʌltəɹəs/ more adulterous most adulterous adj
cudzołożny pozamałżeński
Of, or characterized by adultery.

adultery /əˈdʌltəɹi/ adulteries n
cudzołóstwo zdrada małżeńska
(biblical, narrowly) Sexual intercourse by a married person with someone other than their spouse. See more synonyms at Thesaurus:cuckoldry

adulthood adulthoods n
dorosłość
The time period of a human being's majority; the time during which a human being has reached physical maturity, and ending with its death.

advance /ədˈvaːns/ /ədˈvæns/ /ədˈvɑːns/ advances n
awans zaliczka
An amount of money or credit, especially given as a loan, or paid before it is due; an advancement.
awanse
(often, in the plural) An opening approach or overture, now especially of an unwelcome or sexual nature.

advance /ədˈvaːns/ /ədˈvæns/ /ədˈvɑːns/ v
awansować zaawansować
To raise (someone) in rank or office; to prefer, to promote. [from 14th c.]
postąpić
To make (something) happen at an earlier time or date; to bring forward, to hasten. [form 15th c.]
zaawansować
To provide (money or other value) before it is due, or in expectation of some work; to lend. [from 16th c.]

advance payment advance payments n
akonto awans zadatek zaliczka
The part of a contractually due sum that is paid or received in advance for a good, service or social security payment.

advanced /ədˈvænst/ /ədˈvɑːnst/ further advanced furthest advanced more advanced most advanced adj
zaawansowany
At or close to the state of the art. (Can we add an example for this sense?)
In a late stage of development or education; having greatly progressed beyond an initial stage.

advantage /ədˈvæn.(t)ɪd͡ʒ/ /ədˈvɑːn.tɪd͡ʒ/ advantages n
zaleta korzyść
(countable) Any condition, circumstance, opportunity or means, particularly favorable or chance to success, or to any desired end.
awantaż przewaga
(obsolete) Superiority; mastery; — used with of to specify its nature or with over to specify the other party.
korzyść
(countable, uncountable) Superiority of state, or that which gives it; benefit; gain; profit
przewaga
(tennis) The score where one player wins a point after deuce but needs the next to carry the game.

advantageous /ˌædvənˈteɪd͡ʒəs/ more advantageous most advantageous adj
korzystny awantażowny
Being of advantage, beneficial.

advantageously more advantageously most advantageously adv
awantażownie korzystnie
In a manner which provides an advantage; in an advantageous manner.

advection /ædˈvɛkʃən/ advections n
adwekcja
(earth science, chemistry) The horizontal movement of a body of atmosphere (or other fluid) along with a concurrent transport of its temperature, humidity etc.
(physics) The transport of a scalar by bulk fluid motion.

advection fog advection fogs n
mgła adwekcyjna
(physics, meteorology) A type of fog caused by the passage of moist air horizontally over a relatively colder surface and the consequent cooling of that air to below its dew point.

advectional adj
adwekcyjny

advectively adv
adwekcyjnie

advent /ˈæd.vənt/ /ˈæd.vɛnt/ v
nadejście
To arrive or begin, especially at the first coming or appearance of something.

adventure /ædˈvɛnt͡ʃɚ/ /ədˈvɛnt͡ʃə/ /ədˈvɛnt͡ʃɚ/ adventures n
przygoda wydarzenie
A remarkable occurrence; a striking event.
przygoda awantura
A daring feat; a bold undertaking, in which dangers are likely to be encountered, and the issue is staked upon unforeseen events; the encountering of risks.
przypadek wypadek przygoda
(obsolete) That which happens by chance; hazard; hap.

adventure game adventure games n
gra przygodowa przygodówka
(video games) A computer or video game of the genre characterized by investigation, exploration, puzzle-solving, interaction with game characters, and a focus on narrative rather than reflex-based challenges.

adventureless more adventureless most adventureless adj
bez przygód

adventurer /ædˈvɛn.t͡ʃɚ.ɚ/ adventurers n
awanturnik awanturnica
One who enjoys adventures.

adventurous /ædˈvɛn.t͡ʃɚ.əs/ more adventurous most adventurous adj
żądny przygód awanturniczy zawadiacki śmiały
(of a, person) Inclined to adventure; willing to take risks; prone to embark on hazardous enterprises; daring.
ryzykowny
(of an, act or product) Full of risks; risky; liable to be in danger; requiring courage; rash.

adventurously more adventurously most adventurously adv
awanturniczo

adventurousness n
awanturnictwo awanturniczość
The quality of being adventurous.

adverb /ˈæd.vɜːb/ /ˈæd.vɝb/ adverbs n
przysłówek adverbium adwerbium
(grammar) A word that modifies a verb, adjective, other adverbs, or various other types of words, phrases, or clauses.
(programming) In the Raku programming language, a named parameter that modifies the behavior of a routine.

adverbial /ædˈvɝbi.əl/ /ədˈvɜːbi.əl/ more adverbial most adverbial adj
przysłówkowy adwerbialny
(grammar) Of or relating to an adverb.

adverbial /ædˈvɝbi.əl/ /ədˈvɜːbi.əl/ adverbials n
okolicznik
(grammar) An adverbial word or phrase.

adverbial clause adverbial clauses n
zdanie okolicznikowe
(grammar) A subordinate clause that functions as an adverb within a main clause.

adverbial participle adverbial participles n
imiesłów przysłówkowy
(grammar) A participle that modifies a verb in the same sentence and is equivalent to an adverbial clause in English. Adverbial participles may denote time, condition, cause, concession, manner, means, purpose, or attendant circumstance.

adverbiality n
adwerbalność adwerbialność przyczasownikowość przysłówkowość
The condition of having characteristics of an adverb.

adverbialization adverbializations n
adwerbializacja
A process of rendering adverbial, of adverbializing.

adverbially adv
adwerbalnie adwerbialnie przyczasownikowo przysłówkowo
As, or in the manner of, an adverb.

adverbless adj
bez przysłówków

adversary /ædˈvɜː.sə.ɹi/ /ədˈvɜː.sə.ɹi/ /ˈæd.və.s(ə)ɹi/ /ˈæd.və.sɛɹi/ /ˈæd.vəɹ.sɛɹi/ adversaries n
przeciwnik przeciwniczka adwersarz adwersarka oponent oponentka
An opponent or rival.

adversative adj
adwersatywny
(linguistics) Expressing opposition or difference.

adverse /ədˈvɜ(ɹ)s/ /ˈæd.və(ɹ)s/ adverser adversest more adverse most adverse adj
niekorzystny niepomyślny niesprzyjający
Unfavorable; antagonistic in purpose or effect; hostile; actively opposing one's interests or wishes; contrary to one's welfare; acting against; working in an opposing direction.
(not comparable) Opposite; confronting.

adverse effect adverse effects n
skutek uboczny
(sciences) A side-effect, especially a negative one in pharmacology.

adverse possession adverse possessions n
zasiedzenie
(legal) A means of acquiring title to another's real property without compensation by occupying the property in a manner that has under common law the requirements of being actual, open and notorious, exclusive, hostile, under cover of claim or right, and continuous for a certain number of years.

advertise /ˈadvə(ɹ)taɪz/ /ˈædvɚtaɪz/ v
ogłaszać ogłosić
(transitive) To give (especially public) notice of (something); to announce publicly. [from 15th c.]
ogłaszać
(intransitive) To provide information about a person or goods and services to influence others. [from 18th c.]
reklamować
(transitive) To provide public information about (a product, service etc.) in order to attract public awareness and increase sales. [from 19th c.]

advertisement /ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt/ /ədˈvɝtɪzmənt/ /ˈædvəˌtaɪzmənt/ /ˈædvəˌtɪzmənt/ /ˈædvɚˌtaɪzmənt/ /ˌædvəˈtʌɪzmənt/ advertisements n
reklama ogłoszenie anons inserat
(marketing) A commercial solicitation designed to sell some commodity, service or similar.
anons ogłoszenie
A public notice.

advertiser /ˈædvɚˌtaɪzɚ/ advertisers n
ogłoszeniodawca reklamodawca
One who advertises.

advertising /ˈædvəˌtaɪzɪŋ/ /ˈædvɚˌtaɪzɪŋ/ advertisings n
reklama
The industry or profession made up of such communications.

advertising agency advertising agencies n
agencja reklamowa
a business enterprise dedicated to creating, planning and handling advertising on behalf of its client companies.

advice /ædˈvaɪs/ /ədˈvaɪs/ advices n
rada porada wskazówka
(uncountable) An opinion offered to guide behavior in an effort to be helpful.

adviceless adj
bez rad

advise /ədˈvaɪz/ v
poradzić radzić
(transitive) To give advice to; to offer an opinion to, as worthy or expedient to be followed.

advisor /ædˈvaɪ.zə(ɹ)/ /ædˈvaɪ.zɚ/ advisors n
doradca doradczyni konsultant konsultantka

advisory /ədˈvaɪzəɹi/ more advisory most advisory adj
doradczy
Able to give advice.

advocaat /ˈadvəkɑː/ advocaats n
adwokat ajerkoniak jajecznik
A Dutch liqueur made of egg yolks, sugar and strong liquor, typically brandy.

advocacy /æd.ˈvoʊ.kə.si/ /ˈæd.və.kə.si/ advocacies n
adwokatura
The profession of an advocate.

advocate /ˈæd.və.keɪt/ /ˈæd.və.kət/ advocates n
adwokat adwokatka
Someone whose job is to speak for someone's case in a court of law; a counsel. [from 14th c.]
A person who speaks in support of something, or someone. [from 18th c.]
adwokat obrońca adwokatka
Anyone who argues the case of another; an intercessor. [from 14th c.]

advocate /ˈæd.və.keɪt/ /ˈæd.və.kət/ v
adwokatować
(transitive) To encourage support for something.
(Scots law, in higher courts) To call a case before itself for decision.

adware n
adware oprogramowanie reklamowe
(computing) A software application that includes advertisements, which are displayed while the software is running. Developers use adware as a source of income and to keep the costs of the software down (usually making it free). Some adware programs can include spyware.

adynamia adynamias n
adynamia
(pathology) Lack or loss of strength, usually due to a disease.

adynamic adj
adynamiczny
Not dynamic; without strength or vigor.

adytum /ˈadətəm/ /ˈadɪtəm/ [-ɾəm] adyta adytums n
adyton
(Ancient Greece, religion) The innermost sanctuary or shrine in a temple, from where oracles were given.

adze /ædz/ adzes n
ciesak ciosła cieślica cioska topór ciesielski
A cutting tool that has a curved blade set at a right angle to the handle and is used in shaping wood.

adzelike more adzelike most adzelike adj
podobny do ciosły

aedicula aediculae n
aedicula edykuł
(arts) A painted framed niche giving the appearance of depth.

aedile /ˈiːdaɪl/ aediles n
edyl
(historical, Ancient Rome) An elected official who was responsible for the maintenance of public buildings, regulation of festivals, supervision of markets and the supply of grain and water.

aegicrane aegicranes n
aegikranion

aegis /ˈiːd͡ʒɪs/ aegides aegises n
egida
(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) A mythological shield associated with the Greek deities Zeus and Athena (and their Roman counterparts Jupiter and Minerva) shown as a short cloak made of goatskin worn on the shoulders, more as an emblem of power and protection than a military shield. The aegis of Athena or Minerva is usually shown with a border of snakes and with the head of Medusa in the center. [from early 17th c.]
(figuratively) Usually as under the aegis: guidance, protection; endorsement, sponsorship.

aeolian /iˈoʊ.li.ən/ /iˈoʊl.jən/ more aeolian most aeolian adj
eoliczny
of, or relating to the wind.
(geology) carried, deposited or eroded by the wind.

aeolian harp aeolian harps n
harfa eolska
(musical instrument) An open box over which strings are stretched that sound when the wind passes over them

aequorin aequorins n
akworyna
(biochemistry) A photoprotein, isolated from luminescent jellyfish and other marine organisms, composed of two distinct units: the apoprotein apoaequorin and the prosthetic group coelenterazine.

aerate /ˈɛːreɪt/ v
napowietrzać napowietrzyć
(transitive) To supply with oxygen or air.

aeration /ɛːˈreɪʃ(ə)n/ aerations n
aeracja
By extension, a process in which other gases (such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen or argon) are circulated through or mixed with a substance (usually liquid), sometimes with the consequence of increasing the transfer of air into the same liquid at the surface due to the induced circulation.

aerational adj
aeracyjny

aerator aerators n
aerator
A device which mixes air with a substance, particularly soil or a liquid.

aerenchyma aerenchymae aerenchymas n
aerenchyma miękisz powietrzny tkanka powietrzna
(botany) A spongy, airy tissue found especially in the roots of aquatic plants

aerial /eɪˈɛəɹɪəl/ /eɪˈɪəɹɪəl/ /ˈɛəɹiəl/ /ˈɛəɹɪəl/ /ˈɛɹiəl/ more aerial most aerial adj
powietrzny
Living or taking place in the air. [from 16th c.]

aerial /eɪˈɛəɹɪəl/ /eɪˈɪəɹɪəl/ /ˈɛəɹiəl/ /ˈɛəɹɪəl/ /ˈɛɹiəl/ aerials n
antena
(chiefly, _, UK) A rod, wire, or other structure for receiving or transmitting radio, television signals etc.

aerial ladder aerial ladders n
autodrabina

aerial photography n
aerofotografia
The activity or technique of photographing the earth's surface from an aircraft, rocket, etc.
Photographs taken by this means, collectively.

aerial survey aerial surveys n
aerofoto aerofotogrametria

aerification aerifications n
aeracja

aero- prefix
aero-
air or aircraft

aeroacoustic adj
aeroakustyczny

aeroacoustics n
aeroakustyka

aerobe aerobes n
aerob aerobiont oksybiont tlenowiec
(biology) Any organism (but especially a bacterium) that can tolerate the presence of oxygen, or that needs oxygen to survive.

aerobic /ɛəˈɹoʊ.bɪk/ /ɛəˈɹəʊ.bɪk/ adj
aerobowy tlenowy
Living or occurring only in the presence of oxygen e.g. aerobic bacteria.
aerobikowy aerobowy
Of or relating to aerobics.

aerobically more aerobically most aerobically adv
aerobowo
In an aerobic manner.

aerobicity n
aerobowość

aerobics /əˈɹoʊbɪks/ n
aerobik
A form of exercise, designed to enhance one's cardiovascular fitness, normally performed to music. [1968]

aerobiologic more aerobiologic most aerobiologic adj
aerobiologiczny
Pertaining to, or characteristic of, aerobiology.

aerobiology n
aerobiologia
(biology) The study of the dispersion of airborne biological materials, as pollen, spores, microorganisms, or viruses.

aerobiontic adj
aerobiontyczny

aerobiosis aerobioses n
aerobioza
(biology) Any form of life that is sustained by the presence of air (or oxygen)

aerobiotic more aerobiotic most aerobiotic adj
aerobiotyczny

aerocartograph aerocartographs n
aerokartograf

aerocartographic adj
aerokartograficzny

aeroclub aeroclubs n
aeroklub
A flying club; an organization for aircraft pilots.

aerodrome aerodromes n
aerodrom lotnisko
An airfield:

aerodynamic more aerodynamic most aerodynamic adj
aerodynamiczny
of, or relating to the science of aerodynamics

aerodynamical more aerodynamical most aerodynamical adj
aerodynamiczny
Synonym of aerodynamic

aerodynamically more aerodynamically most aerodynamically adv
aerodynamicznie
In an aerodynamic manner, in a manner which reduces drag.

aerodynamicist aerodynamicists n
aerodynamik
A person who studies aerodynamics.

aerodynamicity n
aerodynamiczność

aerodynamics n
aerodynamika
The science of the dynamics of bodies moving relative to gases, especially the interaction of moving objects with the atmosphere

aerodyne aerodynes n
aerodyna
(aviation) A heavier-than-air aircraft, deriving its lift from motion.

aeroelastic more aeroelastic most aeroelastic adj
aeroelastyczny aerosprężysty
Of or pertaining to aeroelasticity

aeroelasticity aeroelasticities n
aeroelastyczność aerosprężystość
(physics, uncountable) The scientific study of the effect of aerodynamic loads on structures.

aerogel aerogels n
aerożel
A porous, ultralight solid-state substance, similar to gel, in which the liquid component is replaced with gas.

aerogram aerograms n
aerogram
A thin piece of foldable and gummed paper for writing a letter and serving as its own envelope for transit via airmail.

aerohydrodynamic adj
aerohydrodynamiczny

aerolite /ˈɛə.ɹə.laɪt/ aerolites n
aerolit
A meteorite consisting of silicate minerals.

aerological adj
aerologiczny

aerologist aerologists n
aerolog
One who studies, or is knowledgeable in, aerology.

aerology /ɛəˈɹɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ɛɚˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ aerologies n
aerologia
The branch of meteorology involving the observation of the atmosphere by means of balloons, kites, rockets, drones, airplanes, etc.

aeromagnetic adj
aeromagnetyczny
Of or pertaining to aeromagnetics

aeromancy /ˈeə.ɹə.mæn.si/ n
aeromancja
Divination by use of atmospheric conditions.

aeromechanical adj
aeromechaniczny

aeromechanics n
aeromechanika
(physics) The branch of mechanics that deals with the motion of gases; it comprises aerostatics and aerodynamics

aerometer aerometers n
aerometr
An instrument used to measure the mass and density of gases.

aerometric more aerometric most aerometric adj
aerometryczny
Describing any measurement of a physical property of air (or other gases), but especially of temperature, pressure and velocity.

aerometry n
aerometria
The science of measuring the air, including its pressure, density, quality, direction and condensation; pneumatics.

aeronaut /ˈɛəɹəˌnɔːt/ /ˈɛɹəˌnɑt/ /ˈɛɹəˌnɔt/ aeronauts n
aeronauta aeronautka
A person who travels through the air in an airship or balloon.

aeronautic /ˌɛəɹəˈnɔːtɪk/ more aeronautic most aeronautic adj
lotniczy aeronautyczny
Having to do with aerial navigation

aeronautical more aeronautical most aeronautical adj
aeronautyczny lotniczy
Of or pertaining to the scientific study of flight

aeronautics /ˌɛə.ɹəʊˈnɔː.tɪks/ /ˌɛɚ.oʊˈnɑ.tɪks/ /ˌɛɚ.oʊˈnɔ.tɪks/ [ˌɛɚ.oʊˈnɑ.ɾɪks] [ˌɛɚ.oʊˈnɔ.ɾɪks] n
aeronautyka lotnictwo
The design, construction, mathematics and mechanics of aircraft and other flying objects
The theory and practice of aircraft navigation

aeronavigation n
aeronawigacja
The navigation through air; aerial navigation.

aeronavigational adj
aeronawigacyjny

aeronomic adj
aeronomiczny

aeronomy n
aeronomia
A branch of science that deals with the upper atmosphere of the Earth and the other planets with reference to their chemical composition, physical properties, relative motion, and responses to radiation from space.

aerophagy n
aerofagia
(medicine) the swallowing of air, especially in hysteria.

aerophobia n
aerofobia
(medical) A pathological aversion or sensitivity to air or the movement of air, especially as a symptom of rabies.
An aversion to fresh air, drafts or breezes.

aerophone aerophones n
aerofon
Any musical instrument which produces sound primarily by causing a body of air to vibrate, without the use of strings or membranes, and without the vibration of the instrument itself adding considerably to the sound.

aerophonic adj
aerofoniczny

aerophore aerophores n
aerofor
(underwater diving, historical) A predecessor of the aqualung, invented by Benoit Rouquayrol and Auguste Denayrouze 1865

aerophotographic adj
aerofotograficzny

aeroplankton aeroplankton n
aeroplankton

aeroponic adj
aeroponiczny
Of, pertaining to, or grown using aeroponics

aeroponics n
aeroponika
The growing of plants without either soil or hydroponics but in a mist-laden atmosphere.

aerosanitary adj
aerosanitarny

aeroscope aeroscopes n
aeroskop
A device used to collect dust particles, spores etc from the air for subsequent analysis.
A type of compressed air camera for making films, constructed by Polish inventor Kazimierz Prószyński in 1909

aerosol /ˈɛə.ɹəˌsɒl/ /ˈɛɚ.əˌsɑl/ /ˈɛɚ.əˌsɔl/ aerosols n
aerozol aerosol
A mixture of fine solid particles or liquid droplets suspended in a gaseous medium.

aerosol /ˈɛə.ɹəˌsɒl/ /ˈɛɚ.əˌsɑl/ /ˈɛɚ.əˌsɔl/ v
aerosolować aerozolować

aerosol can aerosol cans n
aerosol aerozol
A canister whose pressurized contents may be released as an aerosol when a button is pressed.

aerosolic adj
aerozolowy

aerostat aerostats n
aerostat
An aircraft, such as a dirigible or balloon, that derives its lift from buoyancy rather than from wings or rotors.
A moored balloon flown in a semi-permanent manner, such as a border patrol monitoring balloon affixed at 18,000 feet (~6 km).

aerostatic /ˌeɪəɹə(ʊ)ˈstætɪk/ more aerostatic most aerostatic adj
aerostatyczny
Pertaining to aerial navigation or aeronautics.

aerostatics n
aerostatyka
(physics) the study of gases in equilibrium and of balloons or aircraft in varying atmospheric conditions

aerotherapeutic adj
aeroterapeutyczny

aerotherapy aerotherapies n
aeroterapia

aerothermal adj
aerotermiczny

aerothermodynamics n
aerotermodynamika gazodynamika
(physics) The scientific study of the thermodynamic properties of gases, especially when travelling at a high velocity.

aerotriangulation aerotriangulations n
aerotriangulacja

aerotropism n
aerotropizm
(biology) The growth of an organism either towards, or away from a region of higher oxygen content.

aesthete /ˈiːs.θiːt/ /ˈɛs.θiːt/ aesthetes n
esteta estetka
(often, derogatory) Someone who cultivates an unusually high sensitivity to beauty, as in art or nature, often in a manner perceived to prioritize beauty over other qualities such as virtue and utility.

aesthetic /esˈθet.ɪk/ /iːsˈθet.ɪk/ /iːsˈθɛt.ɪk/ /əsˈθɛt.ɪk/ /ɛsˈθɛt.ɪk/ /ɪsˈθɛt.ɪk/ /ɪsˈθɛtɪk/ more aesthetic most aesthetic adj
estetyczny
Concerned with beauty, artistic effect, or appearance.

aesthetic /esˈθet.ɪk/ /iːsˈθet.ɪk/ /iːsˈθɛt.ɪk/ /əsˈθɛt.ɪk/ /ɛsˈθɛt.ɪk/ /ɪsˈθɛt.ɪk/ /ɪsˈθɛtɪk/ aesthetics n
estetyka estetyzm
That which appeals to the senses.

aesthetically more aesthetically most aesthetically adv
estetycznie
In an aesthetic manner; with a pleasing sensory effect.

aestheticism aestheticisms n
estetyzm
A doctrine which holds aesthetics or beauty as the highest ideal or most basic standard.

aesthetics /ɛsˈtɛt.ɪks/ /ɛsˈθɛt.ɪks/ aesthetics n
estetyka
The study or philosophy of beauty.

aetiology /i.tiˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /iː.tɪˈɒ.lə.dʒi/ aetiologies n
etiologia
(medicine, uncountable) The study or investigation of the causes of disease; a scientific explanation for the origin of a disease.

afar /əˈfɑɹ/ /əˈfɑː/ adv
w oddali
At, to, or from a great distance; far away.

affable /ˈæf.ə.bəl/ more affable most affable adj
arcymiły sympatyczny
Receiving others kindly and conversing with them in a free and friendly manner; friendly, courteous, sociable.
życzliwy
Mild; benign.

affably /ˈæfəbli/ more affably most affably adv
arcymile arcymiło
in an affable manner

affair /əˈfɛə/ /əˈfɛɚ/ /əˈfɛɹ/ affairs n
sprawa
(often in the plural) Something which is done or is to be done; business of any kind, commercial, professional, or public.
romans
An adulterous relationship (from affaire de cœur, affair of the heart).
A person with whom someone has an adulterous relationship.

affairless adj
bez romansów

affect /ˈæ.fɛkt/ affects n
afekt
(psychology) A subjective feeling experienced in response to a thought or other stimulus; mood, emotion, especially as demonstrated in external physical signs. [from 19th c.]

affect /əˈfɛkt/ v
afektować
(transitive) To make a show of; to put on a pretense of; to feign; to assume. To make a false display of. [from 16th c.]
(transitive) To move to emotion.
zaafektować
(transitive, pathology) Of an illness or condition, to infect or harm (a part of the body).

affectation /ˌæf.ɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/ affectations n
afektacja
An attempt to assume or exhibit what is not natural or real; false display; artificial show.

affectational more affectational most affectational adj
afektacyjny

affectationally more affectationally most affectationally adv
afektacyjnie

affected /əˈfɛktɪd/ more affected most affected adj
dotknięty
Influenced or changed by something.
afektowany
Simulated in order to impress.
dotknięty poruszony
Emotionally moved; touched.
egzaltowany pretensjonalny
Behaving or speaking in an artificial or insincere manner, often to impress or appear sophisticated.

affectedly more affectedly most affectedly adv
afektowanie
In an affected manner; hypocritically; with more show than reality.

affecter affecters n
afektant
A person who affects to know something or to be something.

affection /əˈfɛk.t͡ʃən/ /əˈfɛk.ʃən/ affections n
afekt
The state of being affected, especially: a change in, or alteration of, the emotional state of a person or other animal, caused by a subjective affect (a subjective feeling or emotion), which arises in response to a stimulus which may result from either thought or perception.
A feeling of love or strong attachment.
afekcja
(medicine, archaic) A disease; a morbid symptom; a malady.

affectional more affectional most affectional adj
afektowny

affectionate /əˈfɛkʃənət/ more affectionate most affectionate adj
czuły kochający
(of a person) Having affection or warm regard; loving; fond.
(of an action, etc.) Characterised by or proceeding from affection; indicating love; tender.

affectionately /əˈfɛkʃənətli/ more affectionately most affectionately adv
czule
In an affectionate manner.

affective /əˈfɛktɪv/ more affective most affective adj
afektywny
Relating to, resulting from, or influenced by the emotions.
Emotional; emotionally charged; affecting.

affectively more affectively most affectively adv
afektywnie
In an affective way; emotionally.

affectiveness n
afektywność

affidavit /-ævɪt/ /ˌæfɪˈdeɪvɪt/ affidavits n
affidavit
(legal) A signed document wherein an affiant makes a sworn statement.

affiliate /əˈfɪl.i.eɪt/ /əˈfɪl.i.ət/ v
afiliować
(intransitive, followed by "to" or "with") To attach (to) or unite (with); to receive into a society as a member, and initiate into its mysteries, plans, etc.

affiliate marketing n
marketing afiliacyjny
A specialized form of marketing where an advertiser seeks to advertise or sell products or services through an affiliate network.

affiliation /əˌfɪliˈeɪʃən/ affiliations n
afiliacja powiązanie
The relationship resulting from affiliating one thing with another.
afiliacja związek
A club, society or umbrella organisation so formed, especially a trade union.

affination n
afinacja
Part of the traditional sugar refining process in which molasses is removed from sugar crystals by washing with a heavy syrup

affine /əˈfaɪn/ more affine most affine adj
afiniczny
(not comparable, geometry) Of or pertaining to a function expressible as f(\vec x)= A \vec x + \vec b (where A is a linear transformation and \vec b is a constant), which, regarded as a transformation, maps parallel lines to parallel lines and finite points to finite points.

affine group affine groups n
grupa afiniczna
(mathematics) The group of all affine transformations of a finite-dimensional vector space.

affinity /əˈfɪnɪti/ affinities n
bliskość
A natural attraction or feeling of kinship to a person or thing.
powinowactwo
A family relationship through marriage of a relative (e.g. sister-in-law), as opposed to consanguinity (e.g. sister).
A kinsman or kinswoman of a such relationship; one who is affinal.

affirm /əˈfɜːm/ /əˈfɝm/ v
afirmować potwierdzać potwierdzić
To agree, verify or concur; to answer positively.
To assert positively; to tell with confidence; to aver; to maintain as true.
To make firm; to confirm, or ratify; especially (legal) to assert or confirm, as a judgment, decree, or order, brought before an appellate court for review.

affirmation /æfɝˈmeɪʃn/ affirmations n
afirmacja
That which is affirmed; a declaration that something is true.
A form of self-forced meditation or repetition; autosuggestion.

affirmative /əˈfɜːmətɪv/ /əˈfɝmətɪv/ more affirmative most affirmative adj
afirmatywny afirmacyjny
(algebra) positive; not negative

affirmatively more affirmatively most affirmatively adv
afirmatywnie
In an affirming manner.

affirmer affirmers n
afirmatysta
One who affirms.

affix /əˈfɪks/ /ˈæf.ɪks/ affixes n
afiks zrostek formant
(linguistic morphology, broadly) A bound morpheme added to a word’s stem; a prefix, suffix, etc.

affixal adj
afiksalny
As or like an affix.

affixation affixations n
afiksacja
(linguistics) The adding of an affix to a word.

afflatus /-ɾəs/ /əˈfleɪtəs/ afflatuses n
inspiracja natchnienie wena
A sudden rush of creative impulse or inspiration, often attributed to divine influence.

affliction /əˈflɪkʃən/ afflictions n
afekcja cierpienie przypadłość
A state of pain, suffering, distress or agony.

affluence /ˈæf.lu.əns/ affluences n
bogactwo dostatek
An abundance of wealth.

affluent /æˈfluːənt/ /əˈfluːənt/ /ˈæf.lu.ənt/ /ˈæfluːənt/ more affluent most affluent adj
zamożny
(by extension) Abounding in goods or riches; having a moderate level of material wealth.

affluently more affluently most affluently adv
bogato
In an affluent manner.

afford /əˈfo(ː)ɹd/ /əˈfoəd/ /əˈfoɹd/ /əˈfɔːd/ [əˈfo̞ɹd] v
pozwalać pozwolić
To incur, stand, or bear without serious detriment, as an act which might under other circumstances be injurious; (usually, after an expression of ability, as could, able, difficult) to be able or rich enough.

affordability n
przystępność
The extent or degree to which something is affordable, as measured by its cost relative to the amount that the purchaser is able to pay.

affordable /əˈfɔɹ.də.bəl/ /əˈfɔː(ɹ).də.bəl/ more affordable most affordable adj
przystępny niedrogi
Able to be afforded; inexpensive or reasonably priced.

affordance affordances n
afordancja dostarczant
(human-machine interaction) A potential transaction or operation that is made possible by a given object or environment; especially, one that is made easily discoverable.

afforest /əˈfɒɹɪst/ /əˈfɔɹɪst/ v
zalesiać zalesić
(transitive) To make into forest

afforestation afforestations n
zalesianie zalesienie
The act or process of creating a new forest where none had existed before, or reforestation of areas long deforested.

affricate /ˈæf.ɹə.keɪt/ /ˈæf.ɹə.kət/ /ˈæf.ɹɪ.keɪt/ /ˈæf.ɹɪ.kət/ affricates n
afrykata spółgłoska zwarto-szczelinowa
(phonetics) A sound produced using a combination of a plosive and a fricative.

affront /əˈfɹʌnt/ affronts n
afront awania
An open or intentional offense, slight, or insult.

affront /əˈfɹʌnt/ v
afrontować
To insult intentionally, especially openly.

afghani /æfˈɡɑːni/ afghanis n
afgani
The monetary currency of Afghanistan, divided into 100 pul.

aflatoxin aflatoxins n
aflatoksyna
(poison) Any of a family of mycotoxins, produced by molds of the Aspergillus genus, that can be toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic or teratogenic; typically found as contaminants of animal food or peanuts.

aforementioned /əˈfɔɹˌmɛn.ʃənd/ /əˈfɔːˌmɛn.ʃənd/ /ˈæfɚˌmɛn.ʃənd/ adj
powyżej wspomniany wcześniej wspomniany wyżej wspomniany wyżej wymieniony
Previously mentioned.

aforesaid /əˈfɔɹsɛd/ adj
ww. wyżej wspomniany wyżej wymieniony
Previously stated; said or named before.

aforethought /əˈfɔɹ.θɑt/ /əˈfɔɹ.θɔt/ /əˈfɔː.θɔːt/ adj
rozmyślny z premedytacją
(postpositive) Premeditated; planned ahead of time.

afraid /əˈfɹeɪd/ more afraid most afraid adj
bać się obawiać się
Impressed with fear or apprehension; in fear.

afro /ˈæf.ɹoʊ/ afros n
afro
hairstyle characterized by tightly curled locks and a rounded shape.

aftcastle aftcastles n
kasztel
Raised part of the upper deck at the stern of a ship.

after /ˈaf.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈæ.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈæf.tɚ/ /ˈɑː.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈɑːf.tə(ɹ)/ adv
potem
Behind; later in time; following.

after /ˈaf.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈæ.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈæf.tɚ/ /ˈɑː.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈɑːf.tə(ɹ)/ preposition
po
Subsequently to; following in time; later than.
Next in importance or rank.
za
Behind.
In pursuit of, seeking.
(Irish, Newfoundland, usually, preceded by a form of be, followed by an -ing form of a verb) Used to indicate recent completion of an activity
po w stylu
In allusion to, in imitation of; following or referencing.

after all
w końcu przecież
(idiomatic) anyway, in any case; indicates a statement is true regardless of other considerations; used to reinforce or explain a point.
jednak
(idiomatic) in the end, however; used in referring to something that was believed to be the case, but is not; or to an outcome that is not what was expected or predicted.

after dark
po zmroku
After nightfall; at night.

after the fact /ˌæftɚ ðə ˈfækt/ /ˌɑːftə ðə ˈfækt/
po fakcie
Too late; after something is finished or final.

after us the deluge phraseologicalUnit
po nas choćby i potop po nas choćby potop
A nihilistic expression of indifference to whatever happens after one is gone.

after you phraseologicalUnit
proszę
A gesture, usually polite, urging another person to take a turn at something ahead of the speaker.

after-party /ˈæftɚˌpɑɹti/ /ˈɑːftəpɑːti/ after-parties n
after afterek afterka afterparty
A party that happens after an official, often public, party or event.

afterbrain afterbrains n
rdzeniomózgowie
(anatomy) A posterior subdivision of the hindbrain; the myelencephalon

aftereffect /ˈæftəɹ.əˌfɛkt/ /ˈɑːftəɹ.ɪˌfɛkt/ aftereffects n
efekt konsekwencja
Any delayed effect; an effect which is not immediately manifested.

afterfeather afterfeathers n
przypiórko
(ornithology) The downy lower barbs of a feather.

afterglow afterglows n
poświata zorza wieczorna
The glow seen in the sky after sunset.
poświata
The light emitted by a phosphor after excitation.

aftergrass aftergrasses n
otawa potraw
The grass that grows after the first crop has been mown.

afterlife /ˈæftɚˌlaɪf/ /ˈɑːftəˌlaɪf/ afterlifes afterlives n
życie pozagrobowe zaświaty
A conscious existence after death.

aftermath /ˈæf.tə.ˌmæθ/ /ˈæf.tɚ.ˌmæθ/ /ˈɑːf.tə.ˌmɑːθ/ aftermaths n
otawa potraw
(obsolete, agriculture) A second mowing; the grass which grows after the first crop of hay in the same season.
następstwo pokłosie
That which happens after, that which follows, usually of strongly negative connotation in most contexts, implying a preceding catastrophe.

afternoon /af.təɾˈnʉːn/ /ˌæf.tɚ.ˈnun/ /ˌɑːf.tə.ˈnuːn/ afternoons n
popołudnie
The part of the day from noon or lunchtime until sunset, evening, or suppertime or 6pm.

afternoon tea afternoon teas n
podwieczorek
(UK) A formal afternoon meal comprising light snacks, accompanied by tea.
(Australia, NZ, Hong Kong) A small meal or snack eaten between lunch and dinner (supper); a period of time set aside for this purpose, taken as a break from work or from a conference.

afterpeak afterpeaks n
achterpik afterpik skrajnik rufowy
(nautical) The compartment nearest the stern in the hold of a ship

aftersale adj
posprzedażny posprzedażowy

aftertaste aftertastes n
posmak
The persistence of the taste of something no longer present.

afterwards /ˈæf.tɚ.wɚdz/ /ˈɑːftə.wədz/ adv
potem później
(temporal location) At a later or succeeding time.

afterword afterwords n
posłowie
an epilogue.

afterworld afterworlds n
zaświaty
A supposed world that is entered after death; the realm of the afterlife.

again /əˈɡeɪn/ /əˈɡɛn/ [əˈɡɪn] adv
znowu znów ponownie od nowa apiać jeszcze raz
Used metalinguistically, with the repetition being in the discussion, or in the linguistic or pragmatic context of the discussion, rather than in the subject of discussion. [from 16thc.]

again and again adv
raz po raz wielokrotnie
Repeatedly.

against /əˈɡeɪnst/ /əˈɡɛnst/ [əˈɡeə̯nst] [əˈɡɛːnst] preposition
przeciw pod
In a contrary direction to.
(Hollywood) To be paid now in contrast to the following amount to be paid later under specified circumstances, usually that a movie is made or has started filming.
przeciw przeciwko o z
In physical opposition to; in collision with.

against all odds
na przekór wszystkiemu wbrew wszystkim przeciwnościom
(idiomatic) Despite seemingly insurmountable opposition or probability.

against someone's will adv
wbrew woli
Due to being forced rather than by choice.

against the clock
walczyć z czasem
(idiomatic) In a time-restricted manner, to meet a deadline, hurriedly, timed.

against the grain /əˈɡɛnst ðə ɡɹeɪn/
pod prąd pod wiatr pod włos
(idiomatic) Contrary to what is expected; especially, of behavior different from what society expects.

agalmatolite agalmatolites n
agalmatolit pagodyt
(mineral) A soft, compact stone, of a grayish, greenish, or yellowish color, carved into images by the Chinese, and hence called figure stone, and pagodite. It is probably a variety of pinite.

agamospermy n
agamospermia
(botany) The asexual production of embryos and seeds.

agamy agamies n
agamia
Absence or nonrecognition of marriage, or absence of a pair bond.
(biology) Asexual reproduction.

agape /əˈɡɑː.peɪ/ /ˈæɡ.ɑˌpeɪ/ /ˈæɡ.ə.pi/ /ˈæɡ.əˌpeɪ/ agapae agapai n
agapa agape
(uncountable, Christianity) The love of God for mankind, or the benevolent love of Christians for others.
(countable) A love feast, especially one held in the early Christian Church in connection with the Eucharist.
agape agapa
(uncountable) Spiritual, altruistic, beneficial love which wills good for others.

agar /ˈeɪ.ɡɑː/ /ˈeɪ.ɡə/ /ˈeɪˌɡɑɹ/ /ˈæ.ɡɚ/ /ˈɑˌ.ɡɑɹ/ agars n
agar-agar agar
A gelatinous material obtained from red algae, especially Gracilaria species, used as a bacterial culture medium, in electrophoresis and as a food additive.

agate /ˈæɡ.ət/ /ˈæɡ.ɪt/ agates n
agat
(countable, uncountable, mineral) A semitransparent, uncrystallized silicate mineral and semiprecious stone, presenting various tints in the same specimen, with colors delicately arranged and often curved in parallel alternating dark and light stripes or bands, or blended in clouds; various authorities call it a variety of chalcedony, a variety of quartz, or a combination of the two.
(slang, usually, in the plural) A testicle.

agathodaemon agathodaemons n
agatodajmon
A benevolent spirit, as opposed to a cacodemon (an evil daemon).

agathology n
dobrologia
The science or theory of the good.

agave /əˈɡeɪviː/ /əˈɡɑːveɪ/ agaves n
agawa
Any plant in the large, variable genus Agave: succulent plants, commonly armed with formidable prickles; they flower at maturity after several years, and generally die thereafter; large species, such as the maguey or century plant, (Agave americana), produce gigantic inflorescences. Several are of economic importance as sources of fibre such as sisal, and alcoholic beverages such as tequila.

age /eɪd͡ʒ/ ages n
epoka era wiek
(countable) A particular period of time in history, as distinguished from others.
pokolenie
(countable) A generation.
era wiek
(countable, poker) The right of the player to the left of the dealer to pass the first round in betting, and then to come in last or stay out; also, the player holding this position; the eldest hand.
wiek życie
(uncountable) That part of the duration of a being or a thing which is between its beginning and any given time; specifically the size of that part.
dorosłość pełnoletniość
(uncountable) Mature age; especially, the time of life at which one attains full personal rights and capacities.
wiek etap starość
(uncountable) An advanced period of life; the latter part of life; the state of being old, old age, senility; seniority.

age /eɪd͡ʒ/ v
starzeć się
(intransitive) To grow aged; to become old; to show marks of age.
postarzać
(transitive) To cause to grow old; to impart the characteristics of age to.

age before beauty phraseologicalUnit
starsi przodem
(idiomatic) A phrase said to allow older people to go before younger ones.

age like a fine wine v
starzeć się dobrze
(simile) Of a person, to age well; to look or become better as they become older.

age of consent ages of consent n
wiek przyzwolenia
(legal) The age at which a person is legally considered to be mature enough to engage willingly in sexual intercourse, so that it is not a crime for someone else to have sex with the person.

age of majority ages of majority n
pełnoletniość pełnoletność
(legal) The age at which the rights and privileges of an adult are legally granted or recognized; i.e.; the age where a person ceases to be a minor legally and becomes a legal adult.

age of reason ages of reason n
wiek rozumu
(Roman Catholicism) Seven years of age, at which age a person is morally liable for the sins that he or she commits.
(by extension) Age at which a person is able to distinguish right from wrong and make their own decisions.

age-mate age-mates n
jednolatek jednolatka rówieśnica rówieśniczka rówieśnik
One who is the same age as another.

aged /eɪdʒd/ /ˈeɪ.dʒɪd/ further aged furthest aged more aged most aged adj
sędziwy
Old.
(mostly, non-US) Having the age of.
Having undergone the improving effects of time; matured.

ageism /ˈeɪd͡ʒ.ɪz.əm̩/ /ˈeɪd͡ʒ.ɪzm̩/ ageisms n
ageizm
The treating of a person or people, especially youth or seniors, differently from others based on assumptions, prejudices or/and stereotypes relating to their age.

ageless more ageless most ageless adj
bezczasowy wiecznie młody
Always appearing youthful; never seeming to age.

agency /ˈeɪ.d͡ʒən.si/ agencies n
sprawczość
The capacity, condition, or state of acting or of exerting power.
agencja
The office or function of an agent; also, the relationship between a principal and that person's agent.
An establishment engaged in doing business for another; also, the place of business or the district of such an agency.
A department or other administrative unit of a government; also, the office or headquarters of, or the district administered by such unit of government.

agenda /əˈd͡ʒɛn.də/ agendae agendas n
agenda porządek dzienny
A temporally organized plan for matters to be attended to.
A list of matters to be taken up (as at a meeting).

agenesis /eɪˈd͡ʒɛnəsɪs/ ageneses n
agenezja
(pathology) Any imperfect development of the body, or any anomaly of organization

agent /ˈeɪ.d͡ʒənt/ /ˈeɪ.d͡ʒɛnt/ agents n
pełnomocnik plenipotent
One who acts for, or in the place of, another (the principal), by that person's authority; someone entrusted to do the business of another
agent agentka
Someone who works for an intelligence agency
czynnik środek
An active power or cause or substance; something (e.g. biological, chemical, thermal, etc.) that has the power to produce an effect
agent
(computing) In the client-server model, the part of the system that performs information preparation and exchange on behalf of a client or server. Especially in the phrase “intelligent agent” it implies some kind of autonomous process which can communicate with other agents to perform some collective task on behalf of one or more humans.
agens
(grammar) The participant of a situation that carries out the action in this situation, e.g. "the boy" in the sentences "The boy kicked the ball" and "The ball was kicked by the boy".

agent noun agent nouns n
wykonawca czasownika
(grammar) A noun that denotes an agent that performs the action denoted by the verb from which the noun is derived, such as "rider" derived from "to ride", or "cutter" derived from "to cut".

agent provocateur /ˈeɪ.dʒənt ˌpɹəʊ.vɒk.æ.tʊə(ɹ)/ agents provocateurs n
prowokator
A person who secretly disrupts a group's activities from within the group, particularly by encouraging or committing illegal acts to discredit the group or expose them to prosecution; an instigator, troublemaker.

agential more agential most agential adj
agencyjny
Of or pertaining to an agent or an agency.

agentially more agentially most agentially adv
agencyjnie

agglomerate /əˈɡlɑ.mɚˌeɪt/ /əˈɡlɑm(ə)ɹət/ /əˈɡlɒm(ə)ɹət/ /əˈɡlɒm(ə)ˌɹeɪt/ agglomerates n
aglomerat
A collection or mass.
(geology, vulcanology) A mass of angular volcanic fragments united by heat; distinguished from conglomerate.

agglomerate /əˈɡlɑ.mɚˌeɪt/ /əˈɡlɑm(ə)ɹət/ /əˈɡlɒm(ə)ɹət/ /əˈɡlɒm(ə)ˌɹeɪt/ v
aglomerować

agglomeration agglomerations n
aglomeracja
The act or process of collecting in a mass; a heaping together.
State of being collected in a mass; a mass; cluster.
(geography) An extended city area comprising the built-up area of a central city and any suburbs linked by continuous urban area.

agglomerational adj
aglomeracyjny

agglutinate /əˈɡluːtɪneɪt/ /əˈɡluːtɪnət/ v
aglutynować
(transitive) To unite, or cause to adhere, as with glue or other viscous substance; to unite by causing an adhesion of substances.
(linguistics) To form through agglutination.

agglutination agglutinations n
aglutynacja
(linguistics) Combination in which root words are united with little or no change of form or loss of meaning. See agglutinative.
The clumping together of red blood cells or bacteria, usually in response to a particular antibody.

agglutinative /əˈɡluːtɪnətɪv/ more agglutinative most agglutinative adj
aglutynacyjny
(grammar) Having words derived by combining parts, each with a separate meaning.

agglutinatively more agglutinatively most agglutinatively adv
aglutynacyjnie

agglutinativeness n
aglutynacyjność

agglutinin /əˈɡluːtɪnɪn/ [əˈɡluːʔn̩ɪn] agglutinins n
aglutynina
A substance that causes particles or cells to clump#Verb; it may be an antibody, a lectin, or otherwise.

agglutinogen agglutinogens n
aglutynogen
(biochemistry) Any antigen that stimulates the production of an agglutinin

aggradation aggradations n
agradacja akumulacja depozycja namywanie nanoszenie
(geology) Increase in land elevation due to the deposition of sediment.

aggradational adj
akumulacyjny
(geology) Pertaining to or formed by aggradation.

aggravating circumstance aggravating circumstances n
okoliczność obciążająca
(legal, or general usage, chiefly, in the plural) A factor that increases the culpability or deleterious consequences of a wrongful act.

aggregate /ˈæɡ.ɹɪ.ɡət/ /ˈæɡ.ɹɪˌɡeɪt/ more aggregate most aggregate adj
zbiorczy
Formed by a collection of particulars into a whole mass or sum; collective; combined; added up.

aggregate /ˈæɡ.ɹɪ.ɡət/ /ˈæɡ.ɹɪˌɡeɪt/ aggregates n
agregat
A mass, assemblage, or sum of particulars; something consisting of elements but considered as a whole.
A mass formed by the union of homogeneous particles; – in distinction from a compound, formed by the union of heterogeneous particles.
kruszywo
Solid particles of low aspect ratio added to a composite material, as distinguished from the matrix and any fibers or reinforcements; especially the gravel and sand added to concrete.

aggregate /ˈæɡ.ɹɪ.ɡət/ /ˈæɡ.ɹɪˌɡeɪt/ v
sumować zsumować zsumowywać
(transitive) To bring together; to collect into a mass or sum.

aggregation /æɡɹəˈɡeɪʃən/ aggregations n
agregacja
The act of collecting together, of aggregating.
agregat agregacja
The state of being collected into a mass, assemblage, or (aggregated) sum.
agregat
A collection of particulars; an aggregate.

aggregational more aggregational most aggregational adj
agregatowy

aggregative more aggregative most aggregative adj
agregatowy
By, toward, or of aggregation (the act of collecting or gathering together).

aggression /əˈɡɹɛʃən/ aggressions n
agresja
The act of initiating hostilities or invasion.
The practice or habit of launching attacks.

aggressive /əˈɡɹɛs.ɪv/ more aggressive most aggressive adj
agresywny napastliwy wojowniczy
Characterized by aggression; unjustly attacking; prone to behave in a way that involves attacking or arguing.

aggressively more aggressively most aggressively adv
agresywnie
In an aggressive manner.

aggressiveness aggressivenesses n
agresywność
(uncountable) The state or quality of being aggressive.

aggressor aggressors n
agresor agresorka
The person or country that first attacks or makes an aggression; that begins hostility or a quarrel; an assailant.

agile /ˈæd͡ʒ.aɪl/ /ˈæd͡ʒ.əl/ agiler agilest more agile most agile adj
zwinny zręczny
Having the faculty of quick motion in the limbs; apt or ready to move.

agilely /ˈæd͡ʒ.aɪl.li/ /ˈæd͡ʒ.ə.li/ /ˈæd͡ʒ.əl.li/ more agilely most agilely adv
zręcznie zwinnie
In an agile manner; with agility.

agility /əˈd͡ʒɪl.ə.ti/ /əˈd͡ʒɪl.ɪ.ti/ [əˈd͡ʒɪl.ə.ɾi] agilities n
zwinność zręczność
(uncountable) The quality of being agile; the power of moving the limbs quickly and easily; quickness of motion

aging /ˈeɪ.d͡ʒɪŋ/ agings n
starzenie
The process of becoming older or more mature.

agitate /ˈæ.d͡ʒɪ.teɪt/ v
agitować
(transitive) To cause to move with a violent, irregular action; to shake. [from 16th c.]
(transitive, now, rare) To mull over, or think deeply about; to consider, to devise. [from 17th c.]

agitation /ad͡ʒɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ /æ.d͡ʒɪˈteɪ.ʃən/ agitations n
agitacja
The act of agitating, or the state of being agitated; the state of being disrupted with violence, or with irregular action; commotion.
Excitement of public feeling by discussion, appeals, etc.

agitational more agitational most agitational adj
agitacyjny

agitationally more agitationally most agitationally adv
agitacyjnie

agitator agitators n
agitator agitatorka
One who agitates; one who stirs up or excites others, for example political reformers.
mieszadło
An implement for shaking or mixing.

agnate /ˈæɡneɪt/ more agnate most agnate adj
agnacki
Related to someone by male connections or on the paternal side of the family.

agnate /ˈæɡneɪt/ agnates n
agnat agnatka
A relative whose relation is traced only through male members of the family.

agnatic /æɡˈnætɪk/ more agnatic most agnatic adj
agnacyjny
of the male bloodline; patrilineal

agnation agnations n
agnacja agnatyzm
consanguinity by a line of males only, as distinguished from cognation

agnosia /æɡ.ˈnoʊ.ʒə/ agnosias n
agnozja
(neurology) The inability to recognize objects by use of the senses.

agnostic /aɡˈnɒstɪk/ /æɡˈnɑstɪk/ /æɡˈnɔstɪk/ more agnostic most agnostic adj
agnostyczny agnostycystyczny
Of or relating to agnosticism or its adherents.

agnostic /aɡˈnɒstɪk/ /æɡˈnɑstɪk/ /æɡˈnɔstɪk/ agnostics n
agnostyk agnostyczka
A person who holds to a form of agnosticism, especially uncertainty of the existence of a deity.

agnostically more agnostically most agnostically adv
agnostycznie
In an agnostic manner; not having or expressing a firm opinion on something.

agnosticism /æɡˈnɑstɪsɪzəm/ /æɡˈnɒstɪsɪzəm/ agnosticisms n
agnostycyzm
The view that the existence of God or of all deities is unknown, unknowable, unproven, or unprovable.

agnotology n
agnotologia
The study of culturally-induced ignorance or doubt, particularly the publication of inaccurate or misleading scientific data.

ago /əˈɡoʊ/ /əˈɡəʊ/ postposition
temu wcześniej
Before now.

agog /əˈɡɑɡ/ /əˈɡɒɡ/ more agog most agog adj
podniecony
In eager desire, eager, astir.

agogic agogics n
agogika

agon /ˈæ.ɡoʊn/ /ˈæ.ɡəʊn/ agones agons n
agon
(countable) A contest in ancient Greece, as in athletics or music, in which prizes were awarded.

agonadism n
agonadyzm

agonal more agonal most agonal adj
agonalny agoniczny
Of or pertaining to the pain of death.

agonic /əˈɡɑnik/ /əˈɡɒnɪk/ adj
agoniczny
(cartography, navigation) Having a magnetic deviation of zero.

agonic line agonic lines n
agona
(cartography, navigation) A line on a chart or map joining points of zero magnetic declination.

agonist agonists n
agonista
(biochemistry, pharmacology) A molecule that can combine with a receptor on a cell to produce a physiological reaction.

agonistic /aɡəˈnɪstɪk/ more agonistic most agonistic adj
agonistyczny
(pharmaceutical effect, biochemistry) Pertaining to an agonist.

agony /ˈæ.ɡə.niː/ agonies n
agonia
Extreme pain.
The last struggle of life; death struggle.

agora /ˈæ.ɡə.ɹə/ agorae agorai agoras n
agora
A place for gathering.
A marketplace, especially in Classical Greece.

agora /ˌæɡ.əˈɹɑː/ agorot agoroth n
agora

agoraphobe agoraphobes n
osoba z agorafobią
Someone who suffers from agoraphobia.

agoraphobia /əˌɡɔɹ.əˈfoʊ.bi.ə/ /əˌɡɔː.ɹəˈfəʊ.bi.ə/ /ˌæɡ.ə.ɹəˈfəʊ.bi.ə/ /ˌæɡ.ɚ.əˈfoʊ.bi.ə/ agoraphobias n
agorafobia
The fear of wide open spaces, crowds, or uncontrolled social conditions.

agorism /ˈæ.ɡəˌɹɪzm̩/ n
agoryzm
(politics, economics) A revolutionary political philosophy that advocates the creation of a voluntaryist society by means of counter-economics (i.e. black market).

agouti /əˈɡuːti/ agoutis n
aguti złocisty
A rodent similar in appearance to a guinea pig but having longer legs, of the genus Dasyprocta.

agraffe /əˈɡɹæf/ agraffes n
agrafa
A clasp consisting of a hook which fastens onto a ring.

agrammatism agrammatisms n
agramatyzm
The inability to form sentences by virtue of a brain disorder.

agranulocyte agranulocytes n
agranulocyt
(biochemistry) Any of several kinds of white blood cell characterised by the absence of granules in the cytoplasm.

agranulocytosis agranulocytoses n
agranulocytoza
(disease) An acute condition involving a severe and dangerous leukopenia, particularly of neutrophils, causing a neutropenia in the circulating blood.

agraphia agraphias n
agrafia dysgrafia
(pathology) A loss of the ability to write (usually resulting from a brain injury).

agraphon agrapha n
agrafa agrafon

agrarian /əˈɡɹɛ(ə)ɹi.ən/ more agrarian most agrarian adj
agrarny rolny rolniczy
Of, or relating to, the ownership, tenure and cultivation of land.

agrarian /əˈɡɹɛ(ə)ɹi.ən/ agrarians n
agrarysta

agrarianism agrarianisms n
agraryzm
A social and political philosophy that advocates an equitable distribution of land.

agree /əˈɡɹi/ /əˈɡɹiː/ v
zgadzać się zgodzić się uzgadniać uzgodnić
(intransitive) To be in harmony about an opinion, statement, or action; to have a consistent idea between two or more people.

agreeable /əˈɡɹiːəbl/ more agreeable most agreeable adj
przyjemny miły
Pleasant to the senses or the mind.
zgodny
(dated) Willing; ready to agree or consent.

agreed /əˈɡɹid/ /əˈɡɹiːd/ interjection
zgodny
Indicates agreement on the part of the speaker.

agreement /əˈɡɹiːmənt/ agreements n
umowa
(countable) An understanding between entities to follow a specific course of conduct.
zgoda porozumienie
(uncountable) A state whereby several parties share a view or opinion; the state of not contradicting one another.
umowa kontrakt
(uncountable, legal) A legally binding contract enforceable in a court of law.
kongruencja związek zgody
(uncountable, linguistics, grammar) Rules that exist in many languages that force some parts of a sentence to be used or inflected differently depending on certain attributes of other parts.
(obsolete, chiefly, _, in the plural) An agreeable quality.

agribusiness /-nɪs/ /ˈæɡɹɪˌbɪznəs/ agribusinesses n
agrobiznes
(uncountable) Business (especially big business) connected to agriculture, either owning or operating large-scale farms, or catering to those who do. [from 1950s]
(countable) A business or group of businesses engaged in agriculture, particularly if using modern farming techniques in the process.

agricultural /ˌæɡɹɪˈkʌltjʊəɹəl/ /ˌæɡɹɪˈkʌlt͡ʃəɹəl/ more agricultural most agricultural adj
rolniczy
Of or pertaining to agriculture

agriculturalism n
agraryzm
Any ideology that promotes agriculture.

agriculture /ˈeɪɡɹɪˌkʌlt͡ʃɚ/ /ˈæɡɹɪˌkʌltʃə/ /ˈæɡɹɪˌkʌlt͡ʃɚ/ agricultures n
rolnictwo
The art or science of cultivating the ground, including the harvesting of crops, and the rearing and management of livestock

agrimony /ˈæɡ.ɹɪ.mən.i/ /ˈæɡ.ɹɪˌmoʊ.ni/ agrimonies n
rzepik jabłecznik
Any of several perennial herbaceous plants, of the genus Agrimonia, that have spikes of yellow flowers.

agritourism n
agroturystyka
A form of tourism in which tourists stay in farms or agricultural villages, either to experience farm life, or as a base for exploring the countryside

agritouristic adj
agroturystyczny

agro- prefix
agro-
agriculture

agrobiological more agrobiological most agrobiological adj
agrobiologiczny

agrobiologist agrobiologists n
agrobiolog

agrobiology n
agrobiologia
The science of plant life and nutrition.

agrochemical adj
agrochemiczny
Relating to agrochemistry.

agrochemical agrochemicals n
agrochemikalia
(chemistry) A chemical compound, such as a hormone, fungicide, or insecticide, that improves the production of crops.

agrochemist agrochemists n
agrochemik
A chemist who works in the field of agrochemistry.

agrochemistry n
agrochemia
(chemistry) The branch of chemistry related to agriculture.

agroecological adj
agroekologiczny
Of or pertaining to agroecology.

agroecology agroecologies n
agroekologia
The agricultural ecology

agroecosystem agroecosystems n
agroekosystem
A conceptual model of an agricultural system (crop, farm or whole economy), relating its functions to its inputs and outputs.

agroforestry agroforestries n
agroleśnictwo
An agricultural approach of using the interactive benefits from combining trees and shrubs with crops and/or livestock.

agrogeological adj
agrogeologiczny

agrogeologist agrogeologists n
agrogeolog

agrogeology n
agrogeologia

agrometeorological adj
agrometeorologiczny
Relating to agrometeorology.

agrometeorologist agrometeorologists n
agrometeorolog

agrometeorology n
agrometeorologia
The branch of meteorology that studies the effect of weather and climate on agriculture

agronomic adj
agronomiczny
Of or pertaining to agronomy.

agronomist /əˈɡɹɑːnəmɪst/ /əˈɡɹɒnəmɪst/ agronomists n
agronom agronomka
A scientist whose speciality is agronomy.

agronomy /əˈɡɹɑːnəmi/ /əˈɡɹɒnəmi/ agronomies n
agronomia
The science of utilizing plants, animals and soils for food, fuel, feed, and fiber and more. To do this effectively and sustainably, agronomy encompasses work in the areas of plant genetics, plant physiology, meteorology, animal sciences and soil science.

agrophysics n
agrofizyka

agrotourist agrotourists n
agroturysta agroturystka

ague /ˈeɪ.ɡju/ agues n
febra
(pathology) An intermittent fever, attended by alternate cold and hot fits.

ah /ɑː/ interjection
a ach
An expression of relief, relaxation, comfort, confusion, understanding, wonder, awe, etc. according to uttered inflection.

aha /ɑːhɑː/ [ɑˈhɑ] [əˈhɑ] interjection
aha
An exclamation of understanding, realization, invention, or recognition.

ahead /əˈhɛd/ adv
z przodu
At or towards the front; in the direction one is facing or moving.

ahead of one's time
wyprzedzać swoje czasy
(idiomatic) In advance of concurrent commonly accepted ideas; showing characteristics of changes yet to be; present in one's work before later advances in the field.

ahead of time
z wyprzedzeniem zawczasu
prior to the expected time; early.

ahistorical /ˌeɪhɪˈstɔɹɪkəl/ more ahistorical most ahistorical adj
ahistoryczny
Lacking historical perspective or context.

ahistorically more ahistorically most ahistorically adv
ahistorycznie
In an ahistorical way.

ahistoricalness n
ahistoryczność

ahistoricism ahistoricisms n
ahistoryzm

ahoy /əˈhɔɪ/ interjection
ahoj
(nautical) Used to hail a ship, a boat or a person, or to attract attention.

aid /eɪd/ aids n
pomoc
(uncountable) Help; assistance; succor, relief.
pomocnik
(countable) Something which helps; a material source of help.

aid /eɪd/ v
pomagać
(transitive) To provide support to; to further the progress of; to help; to assist.

aide-de-camp /ˌeɪd dɪ ˈkæmp/ /ˌeɪd dɪ ˈkɒmp/ aides-de-camp n
adiutant adiutantka
A military officer who serves as an adjutant to a higher-ranking officer, prince or other high political dignitary.

aiglet /ˈeɪ.ɡlɛt/ aiglets n
aglet skuwka
A tip, originally of metal and often decorative, on a ribbon or cord that makes lacing two parts of a garment or garments together easier, as in corset lacings, "points" (lacing hose or trousers to jacket or doublet) or sleeves to a bodice.

aiguillette /ˌeɪɡwɪˈlɛt/ aiguillettes n
akselbant sznur galowy
An ornamental braided cord with decorative metal tips worn on uniforms.

aikido /aɪˈkiːdəʊ/ aikidos n
aikido
(uncountable) A Japanese martial art developed from jujitsu and making use of holds and throws.

aileron /ˈeɪlərɒn/ ailerons n
lotka
The hinged part on the trailing edge of an airplane wing, used to control longitudinal turns.

ailment /ˈeɪlmənt/ ailments n
dolegliwość
Something which ails one; a disease; sickness.

ailuro- /aɪˈljʊəɹə-/ /aɪˈlʊɹə-/ /eɪˈlʊɹə-/ /ˌaɪljʊəɹə-/ prefix
ailuro-
Cat.

ailurophile /aɪˈljʊəɹəˌfaɪl/ /aɪˈlʊɹəˌfaɪl/ /eɪˈlʊɹəˌfaɪl/ ailurophiles n
kociara kociarz
A person with ailurophilia; a cat-lover.

ailurophobia /aɪˌlʊɹəˈfoʊbi.ə/ /eɪˌlʊɹəˈfoʊbi.ə/ /ˌaɪljʊəɹəˈfəʊbɪ.ə/ ailurophobias n
ailurofobia felinofobia galeofobia gatofobia
An irrational fear or hatred of cats or other felines.

aim /eɪm/ aims n
cel tarcza
The point intended to be hit, or object intended to be attained or affected.
cel
Intention or goal

aim /eɪm/ v
celować mierzyć wycelować
(transitive) To direct or point (e.g. a weapon), at a particular object; to direct, as a missile, an act, or a proceeding, at, to, or against an object

aim high v
mierzyć wysoko
(figuratively) To set very ambitious goals for oneself.

aimbot aimbots n
aimbot

aimless /ˈeɪm.ləs/ more aimless most aimless adj
bezcelowy
Without aim, purpose, or direction.

aimlessly /ˈeɪmləsli/ more aimlessly most aimlessly adv
bezcelowo bezprzedmiotowo
Without an aim, purpose or direction; in an aimless manner.

aimlessness aimlessnesses n
bezcelowość bezprzedmiotowość
The state or quality of being aimless, or without purpose or direction.

air /eə̯/ /eː/ /ɛə̯/ /ɛɚ/ /ɛɹ/ /ɛː/ [ɪə̯~eə̯] airs n
powietrze
(historical, philosophy, alchemy) understood as one of the four elements of the ancient Greeks and Romans.
(usually, with the) The apparently open space above the ground which this substance fills, (historical) formerly thought to be limited by the firmament but (meteorology) now considered to be surrounded by the near vacuum of outer space.
aura otoczka posmak
A feeling or sense.
poza
(usually, in the plural) Pretension; snobbishness; pretence that one is better than others.
aria
(music) A song, especially a solo; an aria.
eter
A television or radio signal; (by extension) media broadcasts in general.

air /eə̯/ /eː/ /ɛə̯/ /ɛɚ/ /ɛɹ/ /ɛː/ [ɪə̯~eə̯] v
napowietrzać wietrzyć
(transitive) To bring (something) into contact with the air, so as to freshen or dry it.
emitować
(transitive) To give voice to, to make public (an opinion etc.).

air base air bases n
baza lotnicza
(military) A military airport, providing housing and support for aircraft and personnel.

air bed air beds n
materac nadmuchiwany
A bed that is inflated with air and used as a permanent or temporary bed. They are adjustable, and sometimes portable.

air conditioner air conditioners n
klimatyzator
A machine that is used to control temperature and humidity in an enclosed space.

air conditioning n
klimatyzacja
An air conditioner or system of air conditioners.

air embolism air embolisms n
aeroembolizm
(pathology) condition caused by bubbles of gas in a vascular system

air force /ˈɛə(ɹ) ˌfɔː(ɹ)s/ air forces n
siły powietrzne
A branch of the military mainly devoted to air warfare, as opposed to (land) army and (sea) navy.

air freshener air fresheners n
odświeżacz powietrza
Any of many forms of device containing substances that neutralize or mask unpleasant odours.

air guitar air guitars n
gitara powietrzna
An imaginary guitar that a listener to (usually rock) music pretends to play.

air gun /ˈeə(ɹ).ɡʌn/ /ˈɛɹ.ɡə/ air guns n
wiatrówka
A gun that propels a projectile by compressed air.

air hammer air hammers n
młot parowo-powietrzny młot pneumatyczny
(engineering, construction) a hammer powered by compressed air

air one's dirty laundry in public v
prać brudy ujawniać ujawnić

air out v
przewietrzać przewietrzyć
(idiomatic) To expose to air; to leave open or spread out, as to allow odor or moisture to dissipate.

air raid air raids n
atak powietrzny nalot
An attack on a surface target by aircraft.

air raid siren air raid sirens n
syrena przeciwlotnicza

air resistance air resistances n
opór powietrza
(physics) The action of friction that slows something moving through air; drag.

air show air shows n
air show
a public display of stunt flying, aerobatics, and historical aircraft.

air strike air strikes n
atak powietrzny
(military) An attack on a ground or naval target by one or more aircraft or missiles.

air supremacy n
przewaga w powietrzu
In a war, the most favorable state of control of the air: air superiority so complete that the opposing air force is incapable of effective interference.

air ticket air tickets n
bilet lotniczy
A document issued at time of payment for an airfare, entitling the holder to travel.

air traffic control n
kontrola ruchu lotniczego
A system designed to give assistance to aircraft, to prevent collisions and to manage aircraft flow.

air-raid shelter air-raid shelters n
schron przeciwlotniczy
A structure, often a reinforced underground shelter designed to give protection against air raids.

airan /ˈaɪ.ɹɑn/ n
ajran
A Turkish cold drink made from yoghurt and water with salt and sometimes herbs.

airbag airbags n
poduszka powietrzna
(automotive) A protective system in automobiles in which when a crash occurs, a bag containing nitrogen, formed by the explosive decomposition of sodium azide, quickly inflates in front of the driver or passenger, preventing injury to the head. Side air bags, including the back seat passengers, also prevent injury.

airborne adj
w trakcie lotu
In flight.

airbrush airbrushes n
aerograf
A miniature, handheld paint sprayer, powered by compressed air or other gas, used for delicate, artistic painting, or sometimes retouching of photographs.

airbus airbuses airbusses n
aerobus
A subsonic jet airliner, especially a wide-bodied one.

aircraft /ˈɛə.kɹɑːft/ /ˈɛəɹ.kɹæft/ /ˈɛː.kɹɑːft/ /ˈɛːɹ.kɹæft/ aircraft n
statek powietrzny aerodyna
A vehicle capable of atmospheric flight due to interaction with the air, such as buoyancy or lift

aircraft carrier aircraft carriers n
lotniskowiec awiomatka
A warship designed to carry aircraft, serving as a seagoing air base, with a deck on which aircraft can be launched and landed.

aircrew aircrews n
załoga samolotu
A group of two or more trained individuals, formed as a team that operates an aircraft.

airdrop airdrops n
zrzut
The act of delivering goods, equipment, or personnel by dropping them from an aircraft in flight.

airdrop v
dokonać zrzutu dokonywać zrzutu
To deliver goods, equipment, or personnel by dropping them from an aircraft in flight.

airfield airfields n
aerodrom lotnisko lądowisko
(aviation) An open field designated for the taking off and landing of aircraft, but which, unlike an airport, does not necessarily have terminals or paved runways.

airhead /ˈɛɹˌ(h)ɛd/ /ˈɛːhɛd/ airheads n
bezmózg kurzy móżdżek ptasi móżdżek
(originally, US, informal, derogatory) A foolish, silly, or unintelligent person.

airless /eə(ɹ).ləs/ more airless most airless adj
bezpowietrzny
Lacking or being without air.
Lacking air circulation.

airlift /ˈɛə.lɪft/ airlifts n
most powietrzny
The transportation of troops, civilians or supplies by air, especially in an emergency.

airline airlines n
linie lotnicze
A company that flies airplanes to transport people and goods.

airliner airliners n
samolot pasażerski
A passenger-carrying aircraft, especially one of a fleet operated by an airline.

airmail /ˈɛə.meɪl/ airmails n
poczta lotnicza
The system of conveying mail using aircraft.

airman /ˈɛə.mən/ /ˈɛɹ.mən/ airmen n
lotnik
A pilot of an aircraft.

airmanship n
umiejętności lotnicze
Skill in and knowledge of the work of navigating and operating an aircraft.

airplane /ˈeɹˌpleɪ̯n/ /ˈɛəˌpleɪ̯n/ /ˈɛɚˌpleɪ̯n/ /ˈɛːˌpleɪ̯n/ airplanes n
samolot aeroplan
(chiefly, US, Canada, Philippines) A powered heavier-than-air aircraft with fixed wings.

airplane mode airplane modes n
tryb samolotowy

airport /ˈɛə.pɔːt/ /ˈɛɹ.pɔɹt/ airports n
lotnisko port lotniczy aerodrom aeroport
An airfield (an area designated for the takeoff and landing of aircraft), including one or more runways and (for commercial airports) one or more passenger terminals.

airsickness airsicknesses n
choroba powietrzna
A feeling of nausea, dizziness etc. caused by the motion of an aircraft; a form of motion sickness.

airspace airspaces n
przestrzeń powietrzna
(politics, aviation) A specified portion of the atmosphere, especially that under the technical aviation control and/or jurisdiction of a particular state over which territory (and territorial waters) it lies.

airstrip /ˈɛə(ɹ)stɹɪp/ airstrips n
pas startowy
An aircraft landing field, usually with one runway and only basic facilities.

airtight more airtight most airtight adj
szczelny powietrznoszczelny
Impermeable to air or other gases.

airtime airtimes n
czas antenowy
The duration during which a radio or television program (or part of one) is transmitted.

airworthiness n
zdatność
The state of being airworthy.

aisle /aɪ̯l/ aisles n
nawa boczna
A wing of a building, notably in a church separated from the nave proper by piers.
przejście
A clear path through rows of seating.
Any path through an otherwise obstructed space.
alejka
A clear corridor in a supermarket with shelves on both sides containing goods for sale.

aisle seat aisle seats n
miejsce przy przejściu
A seat beside an aisle in a theater, auditorium, or stadium.

aitch /ˈeɪt͡ʃ/ aitches n
h samo h
The name of the Latin-script letter H.

ajar /əˈd͡ʒɑɹ/ /əˈd͡ʒɑː/ more ajar most ajar adj
niedomknięty uchylony
Slightly turned or opened.

ajvar /ˈaɪ.vɑɹ/ n
ajwar
relish made principally out of red bell peppers, sometimes with eggplant, garlic and chili pepper, predominantly popular in the Western Balkans

ajwain /ˈæd͡ʒwaɪn/ /ˈʌd͡ʒwaɪn/ ajwains n
ajowan chropawiec wonny
A plant in the family Apiaceae (Trachyspermum ammi), and its seed-like fruit, which is used (especially in South Asian cooking) for its thyme-like flavor.

akanye n
akanie
(phonology) A case of vowel reduction in Slavic languages; the merger of pretonic non-high vowel phonemes (/o/, /e/ and /a/).

akin /əˈkɪn/ /ʌˈkɪn/ more akin most akin adj
pokrewny spokrewniony zbliżony
(often, followed by to) Allied by nature; similar; partaking of the same properties; of the same kind.

akinesia akinesias n
akineza akinezja
(medicine) The loss of the ability to control motor muscles.

akinete akinetes n
akineta
(biology) A thick-walled, dormant cell found in cyanobacteria and green algae

akçe akçes n
akcze
A silver coin minted during the Ottoman Empire, valued at one-third of a para.

al dente /æl ˈdɛn.teɪ/ /æl ˈdɛn.ti/ more al dente most al dente adj
al dente
(of pasta, vegetables, rice, beans, etc.) Firm to the bite, cooked just right.

al-Andalus pn
Al-Andalus
(historical) Arabic Spain (from 711–1492 C.E.).

al-Qaeda /æl ˈkaɪdə/ /æl ˈkeɪdə/ /ɑl ˈkaɪdə/ /ˌæl kaɪˈiːdə/ /ˌæl kɑːˈiːdə/ pn
Al-Kaida
A worldwide network of militant Sunni Islamic organizations and individuals.

alabaster /ˈæl.əˌbæs.tə/ /ˈæl.əˌbæs.tɚ/ /ˈæl.əˌbɑːs.tə/ adj
alabastrowy
Made of alabaster.

alabaster /ˈæl.əˌbæs.tə/ /ˈæl.əˌbæs.tɚ/ /ˈæl.əˌbɑːs.tə/ alabasters n
alabaster
A fine-grained white or lightly-tinted variety of gypsum, used ornamentally.

alabastron alabastra alabastrons n
alabastron
A kind of ancient pottery vase used for holding oils, and originally made from alabaster.

alacrity [əˈlækɹɨti] alacrities n
skwapliwość
Eagerness; liveliness; enthusiasm.

alalia /eɪˈleɪliə/ /əˈleɪliə/ n
alalia
(medicine, obsolete) The loss of the ability to speak, especially due to paralysis of the vocal cords.
(medicine) Speech delay, a delay in the development or use of the mechanisms that produce speech.

alanine alanines n
alanina
(amino acid, uncountable) A nonessential amino acid 2-aminopropanoic acid found in most animal proteins

alar adj
pachowy
(anatomy) of or relating to the armpit; axillary.

alarm /əˈlɑɹm/ /əˈlɑːm/ alarms n
alarm
A summons to arms, as on the approach of an enemy.
Any sound or information intended to give notice of approaching danger; a warning sound to arouse attention; a warning of danger.
Sudden surprise with fear or terror excited by apprehension of danger; in the military use, commonly, sudden apprehension of being attacked by surprise.
An instance of an alarm ringing, beeping or clanging, to give a noise signal at a certain time.
budzik
A mechanical device for awaking people, or rousing their attention.

alarm /əˈlɑɹm/ /əˈlɑːm/ v
alarmować zaalarmować
(transitive) To give (someone) notice of approaching danger, or necessary action; to rouse to vigilance; to put on the alert.

alarm bell alarm bells n
dzwonek alarmowy sygnał alarmowy
(figuratively, usually, in plural) A sudden awareness of danger.

alarm clock alarm clocks n
budzik
A clock with an alarm that can be set to sound at a determined time.

alarm system alarm systems n
system alarmowy
A burglar alarm.

alarming /ə.ˈlɑɹm.ɪŋ/ /ə.ˈlɑːm.ɪŋ/ more alarming most alarming adj
alarmujący
Causing apprehension, fear or alarm; frightening.

alarmingly /ə.ˈlɑɹm.ɪŋ.li/ /ə.ˈlɑːm.ɪŋ.li/ more alarmingly most alarmingly adv
alarmująco
In an alarming way, frighteningly.

alarmist /əˈlɑɹmɪst/ adj
alarmistyczny
Of or relating to causing others to become alarmed without cause.

alarmist /əˈlɑɹmɪst/ alarmists n
alarmista panikarka panikarz
One who causes others to become alarmed without cause.

alarmistically adv
alarmistycznie

alas /ɘˈlɛs/ /əˈlæs/ /əˈlɑːs/ interjection
biada
Used to express sorrow, regret, compassion or grief.

alas /ɘˈlɛs/ /əˈlæs/ /əˈlɑːs/ alases alasses n
ałas
A type of depression which occurs in Yakutia, formed by the subsidence of permafrost.

alaskite alaskites n
alaskit

alb /alb/ /ælb/ albs n
alba
(Christianity, chiefly, _, Anglicanism, Roman Catholicism) A long, white robe worn by priests and other ministers, underneath most of the other vestments.

alba /ˈæl.bə/ albas n
alba

albatross /ˈæl.bəˌtɹɑs/ /ˈæl.bəˌtɹɒs/ /ˈæl.bəˌtɹɔs/ albatross albatrosses n
albatros
Any of various large seabirds of the family Diomedeidae ranging widely in the Southern Ocean and the North Pacific and having a hooked beak and long narrow wings.
(golf) A double eagle, or three under par on any one hole, except a par 3 hole.

albatross around one's neck n
kamień u szyi
(idiomatic, figurative) A characteristic, possession, associate, or previous deed that hinders one's ability to succeed.

albedo /ælˈbi.doʊ/ albedoes albedos n
albedo
(physics, meteorology, astronomy, optics) The fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body, commonly expressed as a percentage.
(botany) The whitish inner portion of the rind of citrus fruits that is a source of pectin, commonly referred to as the pith.

albedometer albedometers n
albedometr
An instrument used to measure the albedo of a surface

albeit /ɑlˈbi.ɪt/ /ɔlˈbi.ət/ /ɔːlˈbiː.ɪt/ conjunction
chociaż aczkolwiek acz
Although, despite (it) being.

albinism /ˈælbəˌnɪzəm/ albinisms n
albinizm bielactwo
Congenital lack of melanin pigmentation in the skin, eyes, and hair or feathers (or more rarely only in the eyes); the condition of being albino.

albino /alˈbiːnoː/ /ælˈbaɪnoʊ/ /ælˈbiːnəʊ/ adj
albinotyczny bielaczy
Congenitally lacking melanin pigmentation in the skin, eyes, and hair or feathers (or more rarely only in the eyes); born with albinism.

albino /alˈbiːnoː/ /ælˈbaɪnoʊ/ /ælˈbiːnəʊ/ albinoes albinos n
albinos albinoska
(countable) A person or animal congenitally lacking melanin pigmentation in the skin, eyes, and hair or feathers (or more rarely only in the eyes); one born with albinism.

albite albites n
albit
(mineral) A plagioclase feldspar, the first member of the Albite-Anorthite solid solution series.

albitization albitizations n
albityzacja
(mineralogy) conversion into albite

album /ˈælbəm/ [ˈaɫb̚m̩] alba albums n
album
A book specially designed to keep photographs, stamps, or autographs.
A phonograph record that is composed of several tracks
A jacket or cover for such a phonograph record.
A group of audio recordings, on any medium, intended for distribution as a group.

albumen /ælˈbjuːmən/ /ˈalbjʊmɪn/ /ˈælbjʊmən/ albumens albumina n
białko
The white part of an egg; being mostly the protein albumin and water.

albumin /æl.ˈbjuː.mən/ /ˈalbjʊmɪn/ albumins n
albumina
(protein) Any of a class of monomeric proteins that are soluble in water, and are coagulated by heat; they occur in egg white, milk etc; they function as carrier protein for steroids, fatty acids, and thyroid hormones and play a role in stabilizing extracellular fluid volume.

albuminimeter /ˌælbjʊmɪˈnɪmɪtɚ/ albuminimeters n
albuminometr

albuminoid albuminoids n
albuminoid
A simple protein of a subclass mainly derived from animal connective or supportive tissue

albuminous /ælˈbjuː.mɪn.əs/ adj
albuminowy
Relating to, containing, or having the properties of albumen or albumin.

albuminuria albuminurias n
albuminuria białkomocz
(pathology) The presence of albumin in the urine, often a symptom of renal disease

alcaide /ælˈkaɪdi/ alcaides n
alkad
(historical) The governor or commander of a Spanish or Portuguese fortress or prison.

alcazar /ælˈkɑzɚ/ /ˌalkəˈzɑː/ /ˌælkəˈzɑɹ/ alcazars n
alkazar
Any Moorish fortress in Spain.

alchemical adj
alchemiczny
(chemistry) Of or pertaining to the medieval chemical science and philosophy of alchemy.

alchemically adv
alchemicznie
By means of, or in terms of, alchemy.

alchemist /ˈæl.kə.mɪst/ alchemists n
alchemik alchemista alchimista alchymik
One who practices alchemy.

alchemistic /ˈæl.kə.mɪ.stək/ adj
alchemicki
Of or pertaining to alchemists.

alchemy /ˈælkəmi/ alchemies n
alchemia alchimia
(uncountable) The premodern and early modern study of physical changes, particularly in Europe, Arabia, and China; and chiefly in pursuit of an elixir of immortality, a universal panacea, and/or a philosopher's stone able to transmute base metals into gold, eventually developing into chemistry.
alchemia
(countable) The causing of any sort of mysterious sudden transmutation.

alcohol /ˈæl.kə.hɑl/ /ˈæl.kə.hɒl/ /ˈæl.kə.hɔl/ /ˈɑl.kə.hɑl/ /ˈɑl.kə.hɔl/ alcohols n
alkohol
(organic compound, countable) Any of a class of organic compounds (such as ethanol) containing a hydroxyl functional group (-OH).
alkohol gorzała
(uncountable) Beverages containing ethanol, collectively.

alcohol poisoning alcohol poisonings n
zatrucie alkoholem
A high blood level of alcohol, toxic enough to injure or kill a person.

alcohol-free adj
bezalkoholowy
Containing no alcohol.

alcoholate alcoholates n
alkoholan
(obsolete, chemistry) A crystalline salt containing alcohol in place of water of crystallization.
nalewka
An alcoholic extract of plant material; a tincture.

alcoholic /ˌæl.kəˈhɑ.lɪk/ /ˌæl.kəˈhɒl.ɪk/ /ˌæl.kəˈhɔ.lɪk/ more alcoholic most alcoholic adj
alkoholowy alkoholiczny
Of or pertaining to alcohol.
alkoholiczny
Of, pertaining to, or affected by alcoholism.

alcoholic /ˌæl.kəˈhɑ.lɪk/ /ˌæl.kəˈhɒl.ɪk/ /ˌæl.kəˈhɔ.lɪk/ alcoholics n
alkoholik alkoholiczka
A person addicted to alcohol.
One who abuses alcohol.

alcoholism /ˈælkə(ˌ)hɔˌlɪzəm/ /ˈælkəhɒˌlɪzəm/ alcoholisms n
alkoholizm pijaństwo
A chronic disease caused by compulsive and uncontrollable consumption of alcoholic beverages, leading to addiction and deterioration in health and social functioning.

alcoholist alcoholists n
alkoholik alkoholista

alcoholization alcoholizations n
alkoholizacja
Subjection to the influence of alcoholic spirits.

alcoholize v
alkoholizować
To convert into alcohol by fermentation, or to increase the concentration of alcohol by rectification
To infuse or saturate with an alcoholic spirit
To subject to the influence of alcohol

alcoholless adj
bezalkoholowy

alcohologist /ˌælkəˈhɒlədʒɪst/ alcohologists n
alkoholog
One who studies alcohology.

alcohology /ˌælkəˈhɒlədʒi/ n
alkohologia
(sociology) The study of the effects of alcohol; on living organisms, people or social environments.

alcoholometer alcoholometers n
alkoholometr alkoholomierz
A specialized form of hydrometer used to measure the amount of alcohol in a liquid (such as beer).

alcoholometry n
alkoholometria
The measurement of the concentration of alcohol in a liquid, especially in the blood

alcoholysis alcoholyses n
alkoholiza
(organic chemistry) Solvolysis using an alcohol.

alcove /ˈæl.kəʊv/ alcoves n
alkowa nisza wnęka
(architecture) A small recessed area set off from a larger room.

aldehyde /ˈæl.dɪ.haɪd/ aldehydes n
aldehyd
(organic compound) Any of a large class of reactive organic compounds (R·CHO) having a carbonyl functional group attached to one hydrocarbon radical and a hydrogen atom.

aldehydic more aldehydic most aldehydic adj
aldehydowy
(organic chemistry) Of, relating to, or being an aldehyde; having the character of an aldehyde.

alder /ˈɑldɚ/ /ˈɔldɚ/ /ˈɔːldə/ alders n
olcha olsza
Any of several trees or shrubs of the genus Alnus, belonging to the birch family.

alder buckthorn alder buckthorns n
kruszyna pospolita
A deciduous shrub, Frangula alnus, native to Europe and neighboring areas of Asia and Africa, bearing glossy leaves, flowers in sessile umbels, and inedible red berries that turn black when ripe, and historically used as a laxative and to produce dyes.

alderman aldermen n
radny ławnik
A member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town.

aldose aldoses n
aldoza
(organic chemistry, carbohydrate) Any of a class of monosaccharides having an aldehyde or hemiacetal functional group.

aldosterone /ælˈdɑstəˌɹoʊn/ /ælˈdɒstəɹəʊn/ aldosterones n
aldosteron
(steroid hormone) A mineralocorticoid hormone, secreted by the adrenal cortex, that regulates the balance of sodium and potassium in the body.

aldrin aldrins n
aldryna
An insecticide and persistent organic pollutant containing a naphthalene-derived compound.

ale /eɪl/ ales n
ale
A beer produced by so-called warm fermentation and not pressurized.

aleatoric /eɪliːəˈtɔəɹɪk/ more aleatoric most aleatoric adj
aleatoryczny

aleatorically more aleatorically most aleatorically adv
aleatorycznie

aleatoricism n
aleatoryzm

aleatoricist aleatoricists n
aleatorysta

alembic /əˈlɛm.bɪk/ alembics n
alembik
An early chemical apparatus, consisting of two retorts connected by a tube, used to purify substances by distillation.

aleph /ˈɑˌlɛf/ /ˈɑˌlɪf/ alephs n
alef
The first letter of the Proto-Canaanite alphabet, and its descendants in descended Semitic scripts, such as Phoenician ⁧[[Ф#Phoenician|Ф]⁩ (ʾ, ʾaleph), Aramaic ⁧[[С#Aramaic|С]⁩ (ʾ), Classical Syriac ⁧ܐ⁩ ('ālaph), Hebrew ⁧א⁩ (aleph) and Arabic ⁧ا⁩ (ʾalif).

aleph-null pn
alef zero
(set theory) The first of the transfinite cardinal numbers; corresponds to the number of natural numbers.

alert /əˈlɜːt/ /əˈlɝt/ more alert most alert adj
czujny uważny
Attentive; awake; on guard.

alert /əˈlɜːt/ /əˈlɝt/ alerts n
alarm alert
An alarm.
alert powiadomienie
A notification of higher importance than an advisory.

alertly more alertly most alertly adv
bacznie uważnie
In an alert manner; with alertness.

alertness /əˈlɝt.nəs/ alertnesses n
baczenie czujność uwaga
The quality of being alert or on the alert

alewife /ˈeɪlwʌɪf/ /ˈeɪlˌwaɪf/ alewives n
aloza tęczowa aloza wielkooka
A migrating North American fish, Alosa pseudoharengus.

alexandrine alexandrines n
aleksandryn
(poetry) A line of poetic meter having twelve syllables, usually divided into two or three equal parts.

alexandrite /ˌæl.ɪɡ.ˈzæn.dɹaɪt/ alexandrites n
aleksandryt
(mineral) A form of chrysoberyl that displays a colour change dependent upon the light source, along with strong pleochroism.

alexia /əˈlɛk.si.ə/ alexias n
aleksja
(psychiatry) Word blindness, the inability, due to a cerebral disorder, to comprehend or understand writing.

alexin alexins n
aleksyna dopełniacz
(biochemistry, dated) A protective substance that exists in the serum or other bodily fluid and is capable of killing microorganisms; complement.

alexithymia /ˌeɪ.lɛk.səˈθaɪ.mi.ə/ n
aleksytymia
A deficiency in understanding, processing, or describing emotions.

alfalfa /ælˈfælfə/ alfalfas n
lucerna
(uncountable) A plant, principally of Medicago sativa, grown as a pasture crop.

alga /ˈæl.ɡə/ algae n
alga glon
(biology) Any of many aquatic photosynthetic organisms, including the seaweeds, whose size ranges from a single cell to giant kelps and whose biochemistry and forms are very diverse, some being eukaryotic.

algal bloom algal blooms n
zakwit
A dense spread of algae on the surface of water.

algebra /ˈæl.dʒɪ.bɹə/ /ˈæl.d͡ʒə.bɹə/ /ˈæl.d͡ʒɪ.bɹə/ algebras n
algebra
(uncountable, mathematics) Elementary algebra: A system for representing and manipulating unknown quantities (variables) in equations.
(countable, mathematics, algebra) Any of several objects of study in Algebra
(uncountable, medicine, historical, rare) The surgical treatment of a dislocated or fractured bone. Also (countable) : a dislocation or fracture.

algebraic /ˌæl.d͡ʒɪˈbɹeɪ.ɪk/ /ˌæl.d͡ʒɪˈbɹæɪ.ɪk/ more algebraic most algebraic adj
algebraiczny
Of, or relating to, algebra.
(mathematics, of an expression, equation, or function) Containing only numbers, letters, and arithmetic operators.
(algebra, number theory, of a number) Which is a root of some polynomial whose coefficients are rational.
(chess, of notation) Describing squares by file (referred to in intrinsic order rather than by the piece starting on that file) and rank, both with reference to a fixed point rather than a player-dependent perspective.

algebraically more algebraically most algebraically adv
algebraicznie
Using algebra.

algebraist algebraists n
algebraik
(mathematics) A mathematician who specializes in algebra.

algin /ˈæl.dʒɪn/ algins n
algina
Any of various gelatinous gums, derivatives of alginic acid, derived from marine brown algae and used especially as emulsifiers or thickeners.

alginic /ælˈdʒɪn.ɪk/ adj
alginowy
(biochemistry) Relating to alginic acid or its derivatives.

alginic acid /ælˌdʒɪn.ɪk ˈæs.ɪd/ alginic acids n
kwas alginowy
(biochemistry) An insoluble colloidal acid (C6H8O6)n that in the form of its salts is a constituent of the cell walls of brown algae and is used as a food additive.

algological adj
algologiczny
(botany) Of or pertaining to algology (the study of algae).

algologist /ælˈɡɒlədʒɪst/ algologists n
algolog
One who studies algology.

algology n
algologia
The branch of botany dealing with algae.

algometer algometers n
algezymetr
An instrument for measuring pain-inducing stimuli, and the sensitivity to such stimuli.

algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðəm/ /ˈælɡəˌɹɪðəm/ [ˈæɫɡəɹɪðm̩] [ˈæɫɡəˌɹɪðm̩] algorithms n
algorytm
(countable) A collection of ordered steps that solve a mathematical problem. A precise step-by-step plan for a computational procedure that possibly begins with an input value and yields an output value in a finite number of steps.
(loosely) A flowchart illustrating a decision-making process for human users, especially health care professionals.

algorithmic /ˌælɡəˈɹɪðmɪk/ adj
algorytmiczny
(mathematics, computing) Of, relating to, or being an algorithm.

algorithmically adv
algorytmicznie
Using an algorithm.

algorithmization n
algorytmizacja
The process of algorithmizing.

algorithmize v
algorytmizować zalgorytmizować
To convert an informal description of a process or a procedure into an algorithm.

alias /ˈeɪ.li.əs/ adv
alias
Otherwise; at another time; in other circumstances; otherwise called.
(legal) Used to connect the different names of a person who has gone by two or more, and whose true name is for any cause doubtful

alias /ˈeɪ.li.əs/ aliases n
alias
Another name; an assumed name.

alibi /ˈæl.ə.baɪ/ alibis n
alibi
(legal) The plea or mode of defense under which a person on trial for a crime proves or attempts to prove being in another place when the alleged act was committed.
(sometimes, proscribed) An excuse, especially one used to avoid responsibility or blame.

alibiless adj
bez alibi

alicant alicants n
alikant
A kind of wine, formerly much esteemed, said to have been made near Alicante in Spain.

alicyclic adj
alicykliczny
(organic chemistry) Of a class of organic compounds having both aliphatic (chain) and cyclic (ring) structure

alidade /ˈæ.lɪ.deɪd/ alidades n
alidada
(cartography, astronomy, surveying) A sighting device used for measuring angles.

alien /ˈeɪ.li.ən/ more alien most alien adj
cudzoziemski
Not belonging to the same country, land, or government, or to the citizens or subjects thereof; foreign.

alien /ˈeɪ.li.ən/ aliens n
obcy
A person, animal, plant, or other thing which is from outside the family, group, organization, or territory under consideration.
cudzoziemiec kosmita obcokrajowiec istota pozaziemska obcy ufoludek
Any life form of extraterrestrial or extradimensional origin.

alienable /ˈeɪljənəbəl/ more alienable most alienable adj
zbywalny
Capable of being alienated, sold, or transferred to another

alienate /ˈeɪ.li.ə.neɪt/ v
alienować
To convey or transfer to another, as title, property, or right; to part voluntarily with ownership of.
alienować wyalienować zalienować
To cause one to feel unable to relate.

alienation [ˌeɪli.əˈneɪʃən] alienations n
alienacja
The act of alienating.
(property law) The transfer of property to another person.
alienacja wyobcowanie
The state of being alienated.

alight /əˈlaɪt/ adj
płonący
Burning, lit, on fire.
(figuratively) Aglow with activity or emotion.

alimonious more alimonious most alimonious adj
alimentacyjny

alimony /ˈæl.ə.moʊ.ni/ /ˈæl.ɪ.mə.ni/ alimonies n
alimenty
(legal, sometimes, pejorative) A court-mandated allowance made to a former spouse by a divorced or legally separated person.

aliphatic /ælɪˈfætɪk/ adj
alifatyczny
(organic chemistry) Of a class of organic compounds in which the carbon atoms are arranged in an open chain.

alive /əˈlaɪv/ more alive most alive adj
żywy żywcem
Having life; living; not dead.

alive and kicking adj
o dobrym zdrowiu
(idiomatic) Healthy; vital; in good health, particularly in opposition to unfavorable circumstances.

aliyah /əliːˈjɑː/ /əˈliːjə/ aliyahs aliyos aliyot aliyoth n
alija
(countable) One of the major waves of immigration of Jews to Israel.

alizaric adj
alizarynowy

alizarin /əˈlɪzəɹɪn/ alizarins n
alizaryna
(organic compound) A red substance, 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone, extracted from madder root and used as a dye.

alkali /ˈæl.kəˌlaɪ/ alkalies alkalis n
alkalia
(chemistry) One of a class of caustic bases, such as soda, soda ash, caustic soda, potash, ammonia, and lithia, whose distinguishing characteristics are dissolving in alcohol and water, uniting with oils and fats to form soap, neutralizing and forming salts with acids, turning to brown several vegetable yellows, and changing reddened litmus to blue.

alkali cellulose n
alkaliceluloza

alkali metal alkali metals n
litowiec
(inorganic chemistry) Any of the soft, light, reactive metals of Group 1 of the periodic table; lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium.

alkalimeter alkalimeters n
alkalimetr
A device used to measure alkalinity.

alkalimetry alkalimetries n
alkalimetria
The process of determining the strength of an alkali.

alkaline /ˈæl.kə.laɪn/ /ˈæl.kəl.aɪn/ more alkaline most alkaline adj
alkaliczny
Of, or relating to an alkali, one of a class of caustic bases.
alkaliczny zasadowy
(chemistry) Having a pH greater than 7.

alkaline earth metal alkaline earth metals n
berylowiec metal ziem alkalicznych wapniowiec
(inorganic chemistry) Any of the elements of group II of the periodic table; they are low-density metals that react readily with water to form strongly basic hydroxides, and with many acids to form salts.

alkalinely adv
alkalicznie

alkalinity alkalinities n
alkaliczność
(chemistry) The state of being, or the degree to which a thing is, alkaline.

alkalinization alkalinizations n
alkalizacja alkalizowanie
The process of becoming more alkaline.

alkaliphile alkaliphiles n
alkalifil
Any organism that lives and thrives in an alkaline environment, such as a soda lake; a form of extremophile.

alkaliphilic adj
alkalifilny
living and thriving in alkaline conditions

alkalize v
alkalizować zalkalizować
(transitive) To cause to become alkaline, more basic and less acidic.

alkaloid /ˈæl.kə.lɔɪd/ alkaloids n
alkaloid alkaloidy
(organic chemistry) Any of many organic (often heterocyclic) bases that occur in nature and often have medicinal properties.

alkaloidal adj
alkaloidowy
(organic chemistry) Of or pertaining to alkaloids.

alkalosis /æl.kəˈləʊ̯sɪs/ alkaloses n
alkaloza zasadowica
An abnormally increased alkalinity in the blood.

alkane /ˈæl.keɪn/ alkanes n
alkan
(organic compound) Any acyclic saturated hydrocarbon (methane, ethane, etc.).

alkanet alkanets n
alkanna barwierska
Alkanna tinctoria, a plant whose root is used as a red dye.

alkannin alkannins n
alkanina

alkene alkenes n
alken
(organic compound) An unsaturated, aliphatic hydrocarbon with one or more carbon–carbon double bonds.

alkermes /alˈkəːmɪz/ n
alkiermes
A red Italian alcoholic liqueur.

alkoxide alkoxides n
alkoholan
(organic chemistry) Any organic compound derived from an alcohol by replacement of a hydrogen atom with a metal or other cationic species

alkyl /ˈælkaɪl/ /ˈælkɪl/ alkyls n
alkil
(organic chemistry) Any of a series of univalent radicals of the general formula CnH2n+1 derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons.

alkylate v
alkilować
(organic chemistry) To add one or more alkyl groups to a compound, especially by reacting with an alkylating agent

alkylation alkylations n
alkilacja
(organic chemistry) Any reaction in which an alkyl group is added to a molecule; used in the production of high-octane petroleum fuels.

alkyne alkynes n
alkin
(organic compound) A hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon–carbon triple bond.

all /ɑl/ /ɔl/ /ɔːl/ [oːɫ] [ɔɫ] adv
całkowicie kompletnie zupełnie
Wholly; entirely; completely; totally.

all /ɑl/ /ɔl/ /ɔːl/ [oːɫ] [ɔɫ] determiner
wszystek wszystko
Every individual or anything of the given class, with no exceptions (the noun or noun phrase denoting the class must be plural or uncountable).
cały wszystko
Throughout the whole of (a stated period of time; generally used with units of a day or longer).

all /ɑl/ /ɔl/ /ɔːl/ [oːɫ] [ɔɫ] alls n
wszystko
(with a possessive pronoun) Everything that one is capable of.

all along adv
od samego początku przez cały czas
(duration, idiomatic) For the entire time; always.

all and sundry pronoun
(wszystkie) i bez wyjątku wszem wobec i każdemu z osobna
(collectively) All; everyone.
(wszystkie) i bez wyjątku
(separately) Each one.

all at once /ˌɑl ət ˈwʌn(t)s/ /ˌɔl ət ˈwʌn(t)s/ /ˌɔːl ət ˈwʌn(t)s/ adv
nagle ni stąd ni zowąd znienacka
(idiomatic) Unexpectedly; without warning; all of a sudden.
wszystko naraz
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see All at the same time; all together.

all bark and no bite adj
krowa, która dużo ryczy, mało mleka daje
(idiomatic) Full of big talk but lacking action, power, or substance; pretentious.

all but adv
prawie
Very nearly; everything short of. Most often precedes a verb or adjective.

all cats are grey in the dark proverb
w nocy wszystkie koty są czarne
(UK, sometimes, _, vulgar, _, &, _) Sex is enjoyable regardless of the physical attractiveness or social station of one's partner.
(uncommon) Under some circumstances, individual distinctions no longer matter.

all day adv
cały dzień
For the period of an entire day, or at least during all the daytime of a day.

all ears adj
zamieniać się w słuch zamienić się w słuch
(idiomatic) Listening intently; fully focused.

all hail interjection
niech żyje
a phrase of salutation, welcome, or acclamation.

all hands on deck interjection
wszystkie ręce na pokład
(nautical) An order, on board ship, for all seamen of all watches to muster on deck immediately; normally shortened to "All hands"

all hell breaks loose phraseologicalUnit
rozpętać piekło
(idiomatic) The situation becomes chaotic or characterized by conflict or rage.

all in a day's work phraseologicalUnit
dzień jak co dzień
A nonchalant dismissal of a significant accomplishment.

all kidding aside adv
bez jaj bez żartów żarty na bok żarty żartami
(speech act, idiomatic) Used to attempt to make a serious point in a jocular conversation.

all of a sudden /ˌɔl əv ə ˈsʌdən/ adv
nagle
(set phrase, colloquial) Suddenly, quickly, without warning.

all out more all out most all out adv
(dawać) z siebie wszystko (dać) z siebie wszystko
(idiomatic) With maximum effort.
iść na całość pójść na całość
(idiomatic) Without regard for risk.

all over adv
całkowicie
(idiomatic) Over an entire extent.
wszędzie
(idiomatic) Everywhere.
totalnie
(idiomatic) In every way; thoroughly.
skończony
nUsed other than figuratively or idiomatically: see all over.

all over the place
od Sasa do Lasa
(idiomatic) Inconsistent; lacking a clear pattern; with a large amount of variation.

all right /ˌɑlˈɹaɪt/ /ˌɔlˈɹaɪt/ /ˌɔːlˈɹaɪt/ adj
dobry w porządku zdrowy
In good health, unharmed.

all rights reserved phraseologicalUnit
wszelkie prawa zastrzeżone
(idiomatic, legal) The copyright holder of a creative work reserves all copyright-related rights, typically including the right to publish the work, to make derivative works of it, to distribute it, to make profit from it, to license a number of these rights to other people, and to forbid these uses by any unauthorized people, thus being entitled to take legal action against infringement.

all roads lead to Rome proverb
wszystkie drogi prowadzą do Rzymu
(idiomatic) Different paths can take one to the same goal.

all smiles adj
uśmiechnięty

all systems go phraseologicalUnit
wszystkie systemy sprawne
(informal) Everything is ready.

all talk and no action n
krowa, która dużo ryczy, mało mleka daje pozornie groźny
Speaking, promising, or boasting much, but doing little; overpromising, but underdelivering.

all that glitters is not gold proverb
nie wszystko złoto, co się świeci
Things that appear valuable or worthwhile might not actually be so; things that look nice might not be as good as they look.

all that jazz phraseologicalUnit
inne takie
(informal, idiom) Everything else related to something; other similar things.

all the best interjection
wszystkiego najlepszego

all the more adv
tym bardziej
Even more; notably, but even more notably due to additional information, either preceding or following the statement.

all the same adj
wszystko jedno

all the same adv
wszystko jedno
(idiom) Anyway; nevertheless; nonetheless.

all the tea in China n
za Chiny za Chiny ludowe za chińskiego boga za nic na świecie za skarby świata za żadne pieniądze
(idiomatic, hyperbole) Something very valuable or priceless.

all the time adv
bez przerwy cały czas ciągle
(set phrase, duration) Always; constantly; for the complete duration.
co chwila co chwilę co rusz
(set phrase, frequency) Very often; frequently.

all the way adv
aż aż do
Completely, as much as possible; in full; to the end or full extent.

all there adj
mieć wszystkich w domu
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see all,‎ there.

all things being equal adv
ceteris paribus
Without considering or being affected by external factors.

all things considered adv
biorąc wszystko pod uwagę ogólnie rzecz biorąc
Generally speaking; in terms of the big picture.

all thumbs adj
(mieć) dziurawe ręce
(idiom) Clumsy; awkward; not dextrous.

all told adv
sumując
(idiomatic) With everything included, counted, or summed; in total.

all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy proverb
nie samą pracą żyje człowiek
Too much hard work and not enough leisure time can be unhealthy.

all's fair in love and war proverb
w miłości i na wojnie wszystko jest dozwolone
Unpleasant behavior is acceptable during love and conflict.

all's well that ends well proverb
wszystko dobre, co się dobrze kończy
A happy ending makes up for everything that has gone before.

all- prefix
wszech-
Indicates complete power or authority in an area.

all-encompassing more all-encompassing most all-encompassing adj
wszechstronny
including everything; universal

all-expenses-paid adj
z wszystkim opłaconym

all-inclusive adj
all inclusive całkowity obejmujący wszystko
Providing all amenities, benefits or perquisites in a single package.

all-or-nothing adj
bezkompromisowy

all-points bulletin all-points bulletins n
list gończy
(law enforcement) A broadcast issued from one law enforcement agency to another, typically containing information about a wanted suspect or a person of interest.

all-you-can-eat adj
rodzaj bufetu
(literally) Offering unlimited food to a diner at a restaurant for a fixed price for as long as he or she continues to eat.

allantois allantoides allantoises n
omocznia
(anatomy) A sac, having a number of functions, that develops in the alimentary canal of the embryos of mammals, birds and reptiles.

allative /ˈælətɪv/ allatives n
allatyw
(grammar) The allative case, or a word in that case.

allative case allative cases n
allatyw
(grammatical case) A case used to indicate movement onto, or to the adjacency of something. In English, this is usually expressed by the prepositions to or onto, as in "to the house," "onto the house." Languages that use the allative case include Basque, Dyirbal, Estonian, Finnish, Hungarian, and Lithuanian.

allegation /ˌæl.əˈɡeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌæl.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/ allegations n
domniemanie zarzut
An assertion, especially an accusation, not necessarily based on facts.

alleged /əˈlɛdʒd/ /əˈlɛdʒɪd/ adj
domniemany
Asserted but not proved.
rzekomy
Supposed but doubtful.

allegedly adv
rzekomo podobno ponoć przypuszczalnie
According to someone's allegation.

allegiance /əˈliː.d͡ʒəns/ allegiances n
wierność lojalność posłuszeństwo
Loyalty to some cause, nation or ruler.

allegorical /ˌæl.ɪˈɡɔɹ.ɪ.kəl/ more allegorical most allegorical adj
alegoryczny
of, relating to, or containing allegory

allegorically /æl.əˈɡɒɹ.ɪk.(ə.)li/ more allegorically most allegorically adv
alegorycznie
In an allegorical manner.

allegoricalness n
alegoryczność

allegorics n
alegoryka

allegorise v
alegoryzować
(transitive, British spelling) To create an allegory from some event or situation.

allegorism allegorisms n
alegoryzm

allegorization allegorizations n
alegoryzacja
The act of turning into allegory, or of understanding in an allegorical sense.

allegory /ˈæl.əˌɡɔɹ.i/ /ˈæl.ɪˌɡɔː.ɹi/ allegories n
alegoria
A symbolic representation which can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, usually a moral or political one.
(mathematics, category theory) A category that retains some of the structure of the category of binary relations between sets, representing a high-level generalisation of that category.

allegretto adv
allegretto
(music) To be played rather fast and lively.

allegretto allegrettos n
allegretto
(music) A movement in this time.

allele /əˈ.liː.l/ /ˈæ.liː.l/ alleles n
allel allelomorf
(genetics) One of a number of alternative forms of the same gene occupying a given position, or locus, on a chromosome.

allelopathic adj
allelopatyczny
relating to an allelopathy

allelopathy n
allelopatia
The release by a plant of a toxin to suppress growth of nearby competing plants.

alleluia alleluias n
alleluja
A liturgical form of hallelujah.

allergen /ˈælə(ɹ)ˌd͡ʒɛn/ allergens n
alergen
(medicine) A substance which causes an allergic reaction.

allergenic adj
alergenny
Of or pertaining to an allergen.
Having the effect of an allergen.

allergic /əˈlɜː.dʒɪk/ /əˈlɝ.d͡ʒɪk/ more allergic most allergic adj
alergiczny uczuleniowy
Of or pertaining to allergy.
Having an allergy.
(figurative, humorous) Highly averse.

allergic /əˈlɜː.dʒɪk/ /əˈlɝ.d͡ʒɪk/ allergics n
alergiczka alergik uczuleniowiec

allergically more allergically most allergically adv
alergicznie
In an allergic manner; because of allergies.

allergist allergists n
alergolog alergolożka
A doctor who specializes in the treatment of allergies.

allergization allergizations n
alergizacja

allergize v
alergizować

allergological more allergological most allergological adj
alergologiczny
(medicine) Relating to the study and treatment of allergies.

allergology allergologies n
alergologia
(medicine) The study of the causes and treatment of allergies

allergy /ˈæl.əɹ.d͡ʒi/ [ˈæl.ə.dʒi] [ˈæl.ɚ.d͡ʒi] allergies n
alergia uczulenie
(pathology, immunology) A disorder of the immune system causing adverse reactions to substances (allergens) not harmful to most and marked by the body's production of histamines and associated with atopy, anaphylaxis, and asthma.
(pathology) Any condition of hypersensitivity to a substance.
alergia uczulenie awersja
(informal) An antipathy, as toward a person or activity.

alleviate /əˈli.vi.eɪt/ v
łagodzić
(transitive) To reduce or lessen the severity of a pain or difficulty.

alley /ˈæ.li/ alleys n
uliczka aleja alejka
A narrow street or passageway, especially one through the middle of a block giving access to the rear of lots of buildings.

alley cat alley cats n
dachowiec
An urban feral cat.

alliance /əˈlaɪ.əns/ alliances n
alians sojusz
(uncountable) The state of being allied.
(countable) Any union resembling that of families or states; union by relationship in qualities; affinity.
alians przymierze sojusz
(countable) A union or connection of interests between families, states, parties, etc., especially between families by marriage and states by compact, treaty, or league.
alians
(with the definite article) The persons or parties allied.

allicin /ˈælɪsən/ allicins n
allicyna
(organic compound) An organic compound, diallyl thiosulfinate, obtained from garlic, with a variety of medicinal and antibacterial properties.

alligator /ˈæl.ɪ.ɡeɪ.tə/ /ˈæl.ɪ.ɡeɪ.tɚ/ alligators n
aligator
Either of two species of large amphibious reptile, Alligator mississippiensis or Alligator sinensis, in the genus Alligator within order Crocodilia, which have sharp teeth and very strong jaws and are native to the Americas and China, respectively.

alligator clip alligator clips n
krokodylek
(electronics) A spring-loaded metal clip, usually attached to a wire and used to make temporary electrical connections.

alligator gar alligator gars n
niszczuka krokodyla
A species of gar native to the US, Atractosteus spatula, known for its extremely large size (in excess of 200 lbs).

allision /əˈlɪʒən/ allisions n
alizja
(nautical) The striking of a vessel against a fixed object; the act of alliding or an instance thereof.

allistic /æˈlɪstɪk/ /ɑˈlɪstɪk/ /əˈlɪstɪk/ adj
nieautystyczny
(neologism) Not autistic.

alliteration /əˌlɪtəˈɹeɪʃən/ [əˌlɪɾəˈɹeɪʃən] alliterations n
aliteracja
The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of two or more words immediately succeeding each other, or at short intervals.

alliterative more alliterative most alliterative adj
aliteracyjny
In the form or style of alliteration.

allo- prefix
allo- alo-
different; other.

allocate /ˈæl.ə.keɪt/ v
asygnować przydzielać przydzielić wyasygnować
To set aside for a purpose.
przydzielić
To distribute according to a plan, generally followed by the adposition to.
alokować
(computing) To reserve a portion of memory for use by a computer program.

allocation /ˌæl.əˈkeɪ.ʃən/ allocations n
alokacja dystrybucja
The process or procedure for allocating things, especially money or other resources.

allocational more allocational most allocational adj
alokacyjny

allochory n
allochoria obcosiewność

allocution /alə(ʊ)ˈkjuːʃən/ allocutions n
alokucja
A formal speech, especially one which is regarded as authoritative and forceful.

allodial /əˈləʊdiəl/ adj
alodialny
(usually, historical) Pertaining to land owned by someone absolutely, without any feudal obligations; held without acknowledgement of any superior; allodial title. [from 17th c.]

allodium allodia allodiums n
alodium
(dated, or, historical) Freehold land or property; land held in allodial tenure, or one's title to such land.

allodynia allodynias n
allodynia
Pain produced by innocuous stimulation of normal skin.

allogamic adj
alogamiczny obcopylny

allogamy n
alogamia obcopylność
(biology) The fertilization of an ovum from one individual with the spermatozoa of another; cross-fertilization

allograph /ˈæləɡɹæf/ /ˈæləɡɹɑːf/ allographs n
allograf alograf
A variant form of a letter (or other grapheme).

allographic adj
alograficzny
Relating to allographs or allography.

allometry /ˈæləˌmɛtɹɪ/ n
allometria alometria
(biology) Disproportionate growth of a part of a living organism in relation to the whole.

allomorph /ˈæl.oʊ.mɔɹf/ /ˈæl.ə.mɔɹf/ /ˈæl.ə.mɔːf/ allomorphs n
allomorf alomorf
(linguistics) Any of the different phonological representations of a morpheme.

allonge /əˈlɒnʒ/ allonges n
alonż przedłużek przedłużka
(legal, banking) A slip of paper attached to a negotiable instrument to hold endorsements should the document itself be unable to hold any more.

allonym allonyms n
allonim alonim
A pseudonym, (particularly) another person's name used as a pseudonym by the author of a work.

allopath allopaths n
alopata
A practitioner of allopathy

allopathic /ˌæl.oʊˈpæθ.ɪk/ more allopathic most allopathic adj
alopatyczny
Of or pertaining to allopathy.

allopathy allopathies n
alopatia
(countable) A conventional Western medical method or treatment.

allophane allophanes n
allofan alofan
(mineral) An amorphous hydrous aluminium silicate clay mineral

allophone /ˈaləˌfəʊn/ /ˈæləˌfoʊn/ /ˈæləˌfəʉn/ allophones n
allofon alofon
(phonology) Any of two or more alternative pronunciations for a phoneme.

alloplasty alloplasties n
alloplastyka aloplastyka

allosome allosomes n
allosom alosom
(genetics) A sex chromosome that differs from an ordinary autosome in form, size, or behaviour.

allosomic adj
allosomowy alosomowy

allosteric more allosteric most allosteric adj
allosteryczny
(biochemistry, of an enzyme) That binds a compound on an inactive site and thus changes macromolecular conformation or dynamics in order to become either active or inactive

allot /əˈlɑt/ /əˈlɒt/ v
asygnować przydzielać przydzielić wyasygnować
(transitive) To assign or designate as a task or for a purpose.

allotment /əˈlɔt.mɛnt/ allotments n
działka
(British) A plot of land rented from the council for growing fruit and vegetables.

allotrope /ˈæ.lə.tɹəʊp/ allotropes n
alotrop
(chemistry) Any form of an element that has a distinctly different molecular structure to another form of the same element, with different physical properties and often different chemical properties. [from 1847]

allotropic adj
alotropowy
(chemistry) Describing a form of an element that exhibits allotropy.

allotropy allotropies n
alotropia
(chemistry) A property, exhibited by some elements, of existing in multiple forms with different atomic structures.

allow /əˈlaʊ/ v
pozwalać pozwolić
(ditransitive) To grant, give, admit, accord, afford, or yield; to let one have.
pozwolić przyznać wziąć pod uwagę zezwolić
(transitive, catenative) To enable; to permit; to grant license to; to consent to.
przyznać wziąć pod uwagę
(transitive) To acknowledge; to accept as true; to concede; to accede to an opinion.
wziąć pod uwagę
(transitive) To grant (something) as a deduction or an addition; especially to abate or deduct.

allowed /əˈlaʊd/ more allowed most allowed adj
dozwolony
Permitted, authorized. [from 16th c.]

alloy /əˈlɔɪ/ /ˈæ.lɔɪ/ alloys n
stop aliaż
A metal that is a combination of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal, a base metal.

alloy /əˈlɔɪ/ /ˈæ.lɔɪ/ v
stapiać stopić
To mix or combine; often used of metals.

allspice allspices n
ziele angielskie
(uncountable) A spice; the dried and ground unripe fruit of Pimenta dioica, thought to combine the flavours of several spices, such as cinnamon, nutmeg and cloves.
korzennik lekarski
(countable) Pimenta dioica, an evergreen tree of tropical America with aromatic berries.

allude /əˈluːd/ v
pić przymawiać
(intransitive) to refer to something indirectly or by suggestion

allure /əˈl(j)(ʊ)ɚ/ allures n
czar powab
The power to attract, entice; the quality causing attraction.

allure /əˈl(j)(ʊ)ɚ/ v
nęcić przyciągać wabić
(transitive) To entice; to attract.

alluring /əˈlɔːɹɪŋ/ /əˈlɝɪŋ/ /əˈlʊəɹɪŋ/ /əˈlʊɹɪŋ/ more alluring most alluring adj
nęcący pociągający ponętny powabny przyciągający wabiący
Having the power to allure.

alluringly /əˈl(j)ʊɹɪŋ/ more alluringly most alluringly adv
ponętnie powabnie
In an alluring manner.

allusion /əˈlu.ʒən/ allusions n
aluzja
An indirect reference; a hint; a reference to something supposed to be known, but not explicitly mentioned.

allusive /əˈljuː.sɪv/ /əˈluː.sɪv/ more allusive most allusive adj
aluzyjny
that contains or makes use of allusions (indirect references or hints)

allusively more allusively most allusively adv
aluzyjnie
In an allusive manner; in a manner characterized by allusion.

allusiveness allusivenesses n
aluzyjność
The quality of being allusive.

alluvial /əˈluː.vi.əl/ adj
aluwialny
Pertaining to the soil deposited by a stream.

alluvium alluvia alluviums n
aluwium
soil, clay, silt or gravel deposited by flowing water, as it slows, in a river bed, delta, estuary or flood plain

ally /æˈlaɪ/ /əˈlaɪ/ /ˈælaɪ/ /ˈæˌlaɪ/ allies n
sojusznik aliant aliantka sojuszniczka
A person, group, state, etc., which is associated or united by treaty with another for a common (especially military or political) purpose; a confederate.

alma mater /ˌælmə ˈmeɪtə(ɹ)/ /ˌælmə ˈmɑːtə(ɹ)/ /ˌɑːlmə ˈmɑːtə(ɹ)/ alma maters almae matres n
Alma Mater
A school, college or university from which an individual has graduated or attended classes.

almah /ˈæl.mə/ almah almahs n
almeja
An Egyptian singer or dancing-girl used for entertainment; a dancing-girl, a prostitute. [from 18th c.]

almanac [ˈæl-] [ˈɑl.mə.næk] [ˈɒl-] [ˈɔl.mə.næk] [ˈɔːl.mə.næk] almanacs n
almanach
(astronomy, navigation) A book or table listing nautical, astronomical, astrological or other events for the year; sometimes, but not essentially, containing historical and statistical information.
A handbook, typically published annually, containing information on a particular subject.

almandine /ˈal.mən.dʌɪn/ almandines n
almandyn
(mineral) A type of garnet having a deep red color, inclining to purple, with the chemical formula Fe3Al2(SiO4)3.

almighty /ɔːlˈmaɪti/ more almighty most almighty adj
wszechmogący wszechmocny
(sometimes, _, postpositive) Unlimited in might; omnipotent; all-powerful

almond /ˈa(l).mn̩d/ /ˈæ(l).mənd/ /ˈɑ(l).mənd/ /ˈɑː.mənd/ /ˈɔl.mənd/ more almond most almond adj
migdałowy
Brownish, resembling the colour of an almond nut.

almond /ˈa(l).mn̩d/ /ˈæ(l).mənd/ /ˈɑ(l).mənd/ /ˈɑː.mənd/ /ˈɔl.mənd/ almonds n
migdałowiec
(countable) The tree that produces almonds.
migdał migdałowiec
Other plants that produce almond-like nuts:

almond milk almond milks n
mleko migdałowe
A milky liquid made from almonds and used as a milk substitute, cooking ingredient or beverage.

almond paste n
pasta migdałowa
A type of confection made from ground almonds and sugar in equal quantities, bound with some syrup or other similar substance in order to form a paste.

almondless adj
bez migdałów

almoner /ˈæl.mə.nɚ/ almoners n
jałmużnica jałmużnik
One who distributes alms, especially the doles and alms of religious houses, almshouses.
jałmużnik
One who dispenses alms on behalf of another person.

almost /ɔːɫ.ˈməʊst/ /ˈoʊ.moʊst/ /ˈɑl.moʊst/ /ˈɔl.moʊst/ /ˈɔː(l)məs/ /ˈɔːɫ.məʊst/ [ˈɒːɫmost] adv
prawie niemal bez mała blisko niemalże omal
Very close to, but not quite.
prawie niemal
(mathematics) Up to, except for a negligible set (where negligible is not universally but contextually defined).
(measure theory, probability theory) Up to a null set; except for a set of measure 0.

almost surely adv
prawie na pewno
(probability theory) With probability equal to one.

alms /æmz/ /ɑlmz/ /ɑmz/ /ɑːmz/ alms n
jałmużna
Something given to the poor as charity, such as money, clothing or food.

almsless more almsless most almsless adj
bez darów bez datków bez jałmużny

almucantar /ælməˈkæntə/ /ælməˈkæntɚ/ almucantars n
almukantar almukantarat
(astronomy, archaic, or, historical) A small circle on the celestial sphere, parallel to the horizon, that is used in astronomy and navigation to show altitude of a star or any other heavenly body.

almuce almuces n
almucja
A hood or cape.

alnico alnicos n
alniko
An alloy of aluminium, nickel and cobalt, sometimes alloyed with smaller amounts of iron, copper, titanium and used primarily in the manufacture of magnets.

alocasia alocasias n
alokazja zakleśń
Any of several tropical Asian plants, of the genus Alocasia, having heart- or arrowhead-shaped leaves.

aloe /əˈləʊ.i/ /ˈæ.loʊ/ /ˈæ.ləʊ/ aloes n
aloes
(in the plural) The resins of the tree Aquilaria malaccensis (syn. Aquilaria agallocha), known for their fragrant aroma, produced after infection by the fungus Phialophora parasitica.
Any plant of the large and variable genus Aloe.

aloelike more aloelike most aloelike adj
aloesowaty

alogical more alogical most alogical adj
alogiczny
Not based upon logic or reasoned argument.

alogically more alogically most alogically adv
alogicznie
In an alogical way; without logic.

alogicalness n
alogiczność

aloha shirt aloha shirts n
koszula hawajska
A collared shirt of a type originating in Hawaii, often brilliantly colored with floral or Polynesian patterns. [from 1930s]

alone /ɐˈluŋ/ /əˈloʊn/ /əˈləʊn/ more alone most alone adj
sam samotny
By oneself, solitary.

alone /ɐˈluŋ/ /əˈloʊn/ /əˈləʊn/ adv
samotnie sam
By oneself; apart from, or exclusive of, others; solo.
sam samodzielnie
Without outside help.

along /əˈlɑŋ/ /əˈlɒŋ/ /əˈlɔŋ/ adv
razem wraz
In company; together.

along /əˈlɑŋ/ /əˈlɒŋ/ /əˈlɔŋ/ preposition
wzdłuż po
By the length of; in a line with the length of; lengthwise next to.
In a line with, with a progressive motion on; onward on; forward on.

along the lines of preposition
w stylu
Similar to, but not exactly equal.

along with preposition
wraz z
In addition to.

aloof /əˈluːf/ more aloof most aloof adj
trzymający się z dala z dystansem z rezerwą
Reserved and remote; either physically or emotionally distant; standoffish.

alopecia /æloʊˈpiː.si.ə/ /æloʊˈpiː.ʃ(i)ə/ /ˌæl.əʊˈpiː.ʃə/ alopecias n
łysienie alopecja
(medicine) Loss of hair (especially on the head) or loss of wool or feathers, whether natural or caused by disease.

alpaca /ælˈpækə/ alpaca alpacas n
alpaka
A sheep-like domesticated animal of the Andes, Vicugna pacos, in the camel family, closely related to the llama, guanaco, and vicuña.
A garment made of such wool.

alpha /ˈælfə/ [ˈæɫ.fə] alphas n
alfa
The name of the first letter of the Greek alphabet (Α, α), followed by beta. In the Latin alphabet it is the predecessor to A.

alpha and omega alphas and omegas n
alfa i omega
The first and last; the beginning and end.

alpha female alpha females n
samica alfa
(zoology, ethology) The dominant female in a social or group hierarchy.
(by extension) A self-assured, independent, self-driven, influential, or strong woman; an alphette.

alpha fucks, beta bucks phraseologicalUnit
alfa szmaci, beta płaci
(vulgar, slang) Women prefer sex with alpha males but are willing to use beta males as a source of financial support.

alpha male alpha males n
samiec alfa
(zoology, ethology) The dominant male in a group of animals.
(by extension) A dominant, assertive, protective, oftentimes successful, leadership-type man or male. [from 1990s]

alpha particle alpha particles n
cząstka alfa
(physics) A doubly positively charged nucleus of a helium-4 atom (consisting of two protons and two neutrons), emitted as a consequence of radioactivity; α-particle

alpha radiation n
promieniowanie alfa
(physics) The radiation of alpha particles as a result of radioactive decay.

alpha version alpha versions n
wersja alfa
(computer, technology) An early version of a program or application, typically unstable, but useful to show what the product will do. Sometimes this stage is referred to as a preview version. Sometimes no more features are added after this release, but bug fixes continue. This release comes after a pre-alpha version and before a beta version. As opposed to a beta version an alpha version is usually not feature complete.

alphabet /ˈæl.fə.bɛt/ /ˈæl.fə.bɪt/ alphabets n
alfabet abecadło
The set of letters used when writing in a language.
A writing system in which letters represent phonemes. (Contrast e.g. logography, a writing system in which each character represents a word, and syllabary, in which each character represents a syllable.)

alphabetical /ˌæl.fəˈbɛt.ɪ.kəl/ /ˌælfəˈbɛtɪkəl/ adj
alfabetyczny abecadłowy alfabetowy
According to the sequence of the letters of the alphabet.

alphabetical order alphabetical orders n
porządek alfabetyczny
The sequence of a collection of items (such as words in a dictionary) arranged in order by position in the alphabet.

alphabetically more alphabetically most alphabetically adv
abecadłowo alfabetycznie
(manner) In an alphabetical manner.
(sequence) Arranged in the order of the alphabet.

alphabeticalness n
abecadłowość

alphabetisation alphabetisations n
alfabetyzacja
The act or process of arranging in alphabetical order.

alphanumeric /ˌæl.fə.n(j)uːˈmɛ.ɹɪk/ adj
alfanumeryczny
Consisting of, or limited to, letters and/or numbers, especially the characters A to Z (lowercase and uppercase) and 0 to 9.

alphasyllabary alphasyllabaries n
abugida
A segmental writing system in which consonant–vowel sequences are written as a unit: each unit is based on a consonant letter, and vowel notation is secondary; an abugida.

alphorn /ˈalp.hɔːn/ alphorns n
róg alpejski
(musical instruments) A long, curved, wooden horn used by mountain-dwelling herders in the Alps, originally to call cattle but now only as musical instrument in classical and folk tunes.

alpine accentor alpine accentors n
płochacz halny
Prunella collaris, a small passerine bird in the family Prunellidae

alpine chough /ˈalpaɪn ˈtʃʌf/ alpine choughs n
wieszczek
A species of bird in the crow family (Corvidae) (Pyrrhocorax graculus), that breeds locally in the highest mountains of southern Europe, the Alps, across central Asia and India.

alpine skiing n
narciarstwo alpejskie narciarstwo zjazdowe
(skiing) A sport involving skiing downhill.

already /ɑlˈɹɛdi/ /ɔlˈɹɛdi/ /ɔːlˈɹɛdi/ adv
już
Prior to some specified time, either past, present, or future; by this time; previously.
So soon.

also /ˈɑl.soʊ/ /ˈɔl.soʊ/ /ˈɔːl.səʊ/ adv
także też również
(conjunctive, focus) In addition; besides; as well; further; too. [from 14th c.]

also known as adv
także znany jako
Used to introduce an alternative name; alias.

alt key alt keys n
alt
(computing) A key on a personal computer or terminal keyboard used in combination to alter the function of other keys.

alt-girl alt-girls n
alternatywka

alt-right alt-rights n
alt-right neoreakcja
(countable, rare) A member of the alt-right; an alt-righter.

altar /ˈɑl.tɚ/ /ˈɒl.tə/ /ˈɔl.tɚ/ /ˈɔːl.tə/ altars n
ołtarz
A table or similar flat-topped structure used for religious rites.

altar boy altar boys n
ministrant
A boy serving as an acolyte in certain forms of Christianity.

altar girl altar girls n
ministrantka
(Christianity) A girl serving as an acolyte.

altazimuth altazimuths n
altazymut
A telescope or surveying instrument that has a mount permitting both horizontal and vertical rotation.

alter /ˈɑl.tɚ/ /ˈɒl.tə/ /ˈɔl.tɚ/ /ˈɔːl.tə/ v
zmieniać zmienić przerabiać przerobić
(transitive) To change the form or structure of.

alter ego /ˈɔl.tɚ iɡoʊ/ /ˈɔːl.təɹ iːɡəʊ/ alter egos n
alter ego drugie ja
(law) A corporation used by a person to conduct personal business in an attempt to shield himself or herself from personal liability, and which a court may penetrate by "piercing the corporate veil" to impose liability on the person when they commit fraud or injustice.

alter-globalist alter-globalists n
alterglobalista alterglobalistka

alter-globalization n
alterglobalizacja alterglobalizm

alteration /ɑl.tɚˈeɪ.ʃən/ /ɒl.tə(ɹ)ˈeɪ.ʃən/ /ɔl.tɚˈeɪ.ʃən/ alterations n
zmiana modyfikacja
The state of being altered; a change made in the form or nature of a thing; a changed condition.

altercation /ɑltəɹˈkeɪʃən/ /ˌɒl-/ /ˌɔltəɹˈkeɪʃən/ /ˌɔːltəˈkeɪʃn̩/ altercations n
alterkacja kłótnia sprzeczka spór zwada
(countable) An angry or heated dispute.
(uncountable) Angry or heated disputation.

alternariosis n
alternarioza

alternat n
alternat

alternate /ɒl.ˈtɜː(ɹ).nət/ /ˈɑl.tɚ.neɪt/ /ˈɑl.tɚ.nət/ /ˈɒl.tə(ɹ).ˌneɪt/ /ˈɔl.tɚ.neɪt/ /ˈɔl.tɚ.nət/ adj
alternować
Happening by turns; one following the other in succession of time or place; first one and then the other (repeatedly).

alternately /ɔlˈtə(ɹ)nətliː/ /ˈɔl.tɚ.nət.li/ [ɔːlˈtɜɹnətlɪ] adv
na zmianę naprzemiennie przemiennie
In reciprocal succession; succeeding by turns; in alternate order. Synonym: alternatingly

alternating current alternating currents n
prąd przemienny prąd zmienny
(physics) An electric current in which the direction of flow of the electrons reverses periodically.

alternation /ˈɑl.tɚ.ˌneɪ.ʃən/ /ˈɒl.tə(ɹ).ˌneɪ.ʃən/ /ˈɔl.tɚ.ˌneɪ.ʃən/ alternations n
alternacja
The reciprocal succession of (normally two) things in time or place; the act of following and being followed by turns; alternate succession, performance, or occurrence

alternational adj
alternacyjny

alternative /ɑl.ˈtɝ.nə.tɪv/ /ɒl.ˈtɜː(ɹ).nə.tɪv/ /ɔl.ˈtɝ.nə.tɪv/ adj
alternatywny
Relating to a choice between two or more possibilities.
Other; different from something else.
Not traditional, outside the mainstream, underground.

alternative /ɑl.ˈtɝ.nə.tɪv/ /ɒl.ˈtɜː(ɹ).nə.tɪv/ /ɔl.ˈtɝ.nə.tɪv/ alternatives n
alternatywa dysjunkcja
A situation which allows a mutually exclusive choice between two or more possibilities; a choice between two or more possibilities. [from 17th c.]
alternatywa alternatywny
One of several mutually exclusive things which can be chosen. [from 17th c.]

alternative medicine alternative medicines n
medycyna niekonwencjonalna
Any of various medical methods and practices used in place of, or as well as, conventional medicine.

alternatively /ɑl.ˈtɝ.nə.tɪv.li/ /ɒl.ˈtɜː(ɹ).nə.tɪv.li/ /ɔl.ˈtɝ.nə.tɪv.li/ adv
alternatywnie ewentualnie
in an alternative way

alternativeness n
alternatywność

alternativity n
alternatywność
A characteristic of something having alternative connotations, akin to the representation of choice between two or more possibilities.

alternator alternators n
alternator
(electrical engineering) An electric generator which produces alternating current through mechanical means.

although /ɑlˈðoʊ/ /ɔlˈðoʊ/ /ɔːlˈðəʊ/ conjunction
chociaż aczkolwiek choć acz lubo mimo że
Though, even though, in spite of or despite the fact that: introducing a clause that expresses a concession.
jednakże
But, except.

altitude /ˈælt.ɪˌtjuːd/ /ˈælt.ɪˌtuːd/ /ˈælt.ɪˌt͡ʃuːd/ altitudes n
wysokość bezwzględna
The absolute height of a location, usually measured from sea level.

altitude sickness n
choroba wysokościowa
(medicine) A pathological condition caused by oxygen deficiency at high altitudes; symptoms include shortness of breath, nausea, and nosebleed.

altitudinal adj
wysokościowy
Of or in relation to altitude

alto /ˈæl.toʊ/ /ˈæl.təʊ/ alti altos n
alt
A musical part or section higher than tenor and lower than soprano, formerly the part that performed a countermelody above the tenor or main melody.
alt alcista alcistka altysta altystka
A person or musical instrument that performs the alto part.

alto saxophonist alto saxophonists n
alcista alcistka altysta altystka

altocumulus altocumuli n
altocumulus
(physics, meteorology) A fleecy cloud formation consisting of large whitish or greyish globular cloudlets with shaded portions, often grouped in flocks or rows. (Abbreviated Ac.)

altogether /ɔl.tuˈɡɛð.ɚ/ /ɔː.tuːˈɡɛð.ə(ɹ)/ /ɔːl.təˈɡɛð.ə/ /ɔːl.tʊˈɡɛð.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈɑl.təˌɡɛð.ɚ/ /ˈɔl.təˌɡɛð.ɚ/ adv
zupełnie całkiem całkowicie
Completely, wholly, or without exception.
summa summarum
On the whole; with everything considered.

altostratus altostrati n
altostratus
(physics, meteorology) A principal medium-level cloud type in the form of a gray or bluish (never white) sheet or layer of striated, fibrous, or uniform appearance.

altruism /ˈæl.tɹu.ɪz.əm/ altruisms n
altruizm
Regard for others, both natural and moral without regard for oneself; devotion to the interests of others; brotherly kindness.
(biology, sociobiology) Action or behaviour that benefits another or others at some cost to the performer.

altruist /ˈæltɹu.ɪst/ /ˈɔːltɹu.ɪst/ altruists n
altruista altruistka
A person showing altruism.

altruistic /ˌæl.tɹuˈɪs.tɪk/ /ˌɑl.tɹuˈɪs.tɪk/ more altruistic most altruistic adj
altruistyczny bezinteresowny
Regardful of others; beneficent; unselfish

altruistically more altruistically most altruistically adv
altruistycznie
In an altruistic manner; in a manner having regard of others

aludel /ˈæl.jʊ.dɛl/ aludels n
aludel
A pear-shaped pot with an opening at each end, formerly used, especially by alchemists, for sublimation.

alum /ˈæl.əm/ alums n
ałun
(chemistry) Any similar double sulphate in which either or both of the potassium and aluminium is wholly or partly replaced by other univalent or tervalent cations. [from 17th c.]

aluminic adj
aluminiowy
(chemistry) Of, relating to or containing aluminium.

aluminise v
aluminiować
(transitive) To coat with a layer of aluminium.

aluminium /əˈluːmɪnəm/ /ˌæl.(j)uˈmɪn.i.əm/ /ˌæl.(j)uˈmɪn.jəm/ /ˌæl.(j)ʊˈmɪn.i.əm/ /ˌæl.(j)ʊˈmɪn.jəm/ /ˌɛl.(j)ɘˈmɘn.jɘm/ aluminiums n
glin aluminium
A light, silvery metal extracted from bauxite, and a chemical element (symbol Al) with an atomic number of 13.

aluminium foil aluminium foils n
folia aluminiowa
(Australia, Britain, New Zealand) A very thin, pliable, easily torn sheet of aluminium used for cooking, packaging, cosmetics, and insulation.

aluminium oxide n
tritlenek diglinu
(inorganic compound) The solid, Al2O3, commonly known as alumina; it occurs as bauxite, sapphire, ruby and other forms; it is used in the manufacture of ceramics

aluminography n
algrafia aluminografia

aluminothermy n
aluminotermia
(inorganic chemistry) the production of a metal from its oxide by heating it with aluminium

aluminous adj
ałunowy
(chemistry) of or pertaining to alumina or alum

alumnus /əˈlʌmnəs/ alumna alumni alumnuses n
alumn
A male graduate.

alunite alunites n
ałunit
(mineral) A gray whitish, water-soluble mineral, potassium aluminium sulphate; the natural source of alum, KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6.

alveolar /al.ˈviː.əl.ə/ /ælˈvi.lɚ/ /ælˈvi.əl.ɚ/ /ˌal.viˈəʊ.lə/ adj
dziąsłowy alweolarny
(phonetics) Formed with the tongue touching or approaching the inner ridge of the gums of the upper front teeth.

alveolar ridge alveolar ridges n
wał dziąsłowy
(anatomy) A ridge that forms the borders of the maxilla and the mandible and contains the alveoli of the teeth.

alveolus /alˈviː.əl.əs/ /ælˈvi.əl.əs/ /ˌal.viˈəʊ.ləs/ alveoli n
pęcherzyk płucny
(anatomy) Any of the many tiny air sacs in the lungs in which the bronchioles terminate and where oxygen and carbon dioxide are rapidly exchanged with the pulmonary capillaries.

alveopalatal adj
alweopalatalny dziąsłowo-podniebienny przedniopodniebienny
(phonetics) Of or relating to those consonants that are intermediate in articulation between the coronal and dorsal consonants.

alveopalatal alveopalatals n
spółgłoska [[dziąsłowo-podniebienny|dziąsłowo-podniebienna]] spółgłoska alweopalatalna spółgłoska przedniopodniebienna
(phonetics) Any consonant that is intermediate in articulation between the coronal and dorsal consonants.

always /ˈɑl.weɪz/ /ˈɔl.weɪz/ /ˈɔl.wiz/ /ˈɔl.wəz/ /ˈɔləs/ /ˈɔː(l).weɪz/ /ˈɔːl.wɪz/ [-wɪz] [ˈɑɫ.weɪz] [ˈɒː(ɫ)we(ɪ)z] [ˈɔ.wez] [ˈɔˑɪ̯z] adv
zawsze zawżdy
At all times; throughout all time; since the beginning.
zawsze ciągle stale
Constantly during a certain period, or regularly at stated intervals (opposed to sometimes or occasionally).

alyssum alyssums n
smagliczka
Any of several plants, of the genus Alyssum, mostly of Eurasian origin, that have racemes of white or yellow flowers.

am I under arrest phraseologicalUnit
czy jestem aresztowany?

amadou /ˈæ.mə.duː/ n
hubka
A spongy, flammable substance prepared from bracket fungi, formerly used as a styptic and as tinder.

amalaka amalakas n
amalaka

amalgam /əˈmæl.ɡəm/ amalgams n
amalgamat ortęć
(metallurgy) An alloy containing mercury.
amalgam amalgamat
A combination of different things.

amalgamate /əˈmælɡəˌmeɪt/ v
amalgamować
To make an alloy of a metal and mercury.

amalgamation /əˌmælɡəˈmeɪʃən/ amalgamations n
amalgamacja
The process of amalgamating; a mixture, merger or consolidation.
(specifically) The production of an alloy of mercury and another metal, especially used in antiquity to extract gold and silver from ores.

amanita /ˌæməˈnaɪtə/ amanitas n
muchomor
Any of very many agaric mushrooms, of the genus Amanita, most of which are very poisonous.

amanitin /æməˈnaɪtɪn/ amanitins n
amanityna
(protein) A deadly amatoxin found in Amanita phalloides (the death cap), the four destroying angels (Amanita bisporigera, Amanita ocreata, Amanita verna, and Amanita virosa), and some other amanitas.

amaranth /-ɹænt/ /ˈæməɹænθ/ /ˈæməˌɹænθ/ amaranths n
szarłat amarant
Any of various herbs of the genus Amaranthus.
amarant szarłat
The characteristic purplish-red colour of the flowers or leaves of these plants.

amaryllis /ˌæməˈɹɪlɪs/ amaryllises n
amarylis
The belladonna lily, Amaryllis belladonna, native to South Africa.

amass /əˈmæs/ v
gromadzić zgromadzić
(transitive) To collect into a mass or heap.

amastia n
amastia
The absence of breast tissue, nipple, and areola.

amateur /ˈæ.mə.tə/ /ˈæ.mə.tɚ/ /ˈæ.mə.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈæ.mə.t͡ʃʊɚ/ more amateur most amateur adj
amatorski
Created, done, or populated by amateurs or non-professionals.
Showing a lack of professionalism, experience or talent.

amateur /ˈæ.mə.tə/ /ˈæ.mə.tɚ/ /ˈæ.mə.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈæ.mə.t͡ʃʊɚ/ amateurs n
amator amatorka
A person attached to a particular pursuit, study, science, or art (such as music or painting), especially one who cultivates any study, interest, taste, or attachment without engaging in it professionally.
Someone who is unqualified or insufficiently skillful.

amateur radio n
krótkofalarstwo
The hobby or pastime of communicating by two-way radio, often striving for “DX” QSOs that are challenging because of distance.

amateurish /ˈæ.mə.tjʊɚ.ɪʃ/ /ˈæ.mə.t͡ʃʊɚ.ɪʃ/ more amateurish most amateurish adj
amatorski
(pejorative) Suggesting or reflecting the efforts of an amateur; not seeming professional or polished.

amateurishly more amateurishly most amateurishly adv
amatorsko
In an amateurish manner; without expertise or professionalism.

amateurishness n
amatorskość

amateurism amateurisms n
amatorstwo amatorszczyzna
Amateur beliefs and practices generally.
amatorstwo
The opinion or conviction that sports ought not to be played for money.

amateurly /æmət͡ʃɚli/ more amateurly most amateurly adv
amatorsko
In an amateur manner.

amatol n
amatol
A high explosive consisting of a mixture of ammonium nitrate and trinitrotoluene.

amaze /əˈmeɪz/ v
osłupić zadziwiać zadziwić zdumiewać zdumieć
To fill (someone) with surprise and wonder; to astonish, to astound, to surprise. [from 16th c.]

amazed /əˈmeɪzd/ more amazed most amazed adj
zdumiony
Astonished or confounded with fear, surprise, or wonder; greatly surprised (often with ensuing adpositions e.g. at, with, or by).

amazement /əˈmeɪz.mənt/ amazements n
zdumienie
(uncountable) The condition of being amazed; a state of overwhelming wonder, as from surprise or sudden fear, horror, or admiration; astonishment.

amazing /əˈmeɪzɪŋ/ [əˈmeɪ̯zɪŋ] more amazing most amazing adj
zdumiewający
Causing wonder and amazement; very surprising.

amazingly /əˈmeɪzɪŋli/ more amazingly most amazingly adv
zaskakująco zdumiewająco
In an amazing manner; in a way that causes amazement; wonderfully.
Difficult to believe; strange but true.

amazonite /ˈæm.ə.zəˌnaɪt/ amazonites n
amazonit
A gem variety of microcline feldspar, varying from bright verdigris green to a bluish green.

ambassador /æmˈbæs.ə.də(ɹ)/ /æmˈbæs.ə.dɚ/ /æmˈbæs.əˌdɔɹ/ ambassadors n
ambasador ambasadorka
A minister of the highest rank sent to a foreign court to represent there his sovereign or country. (Sometimes called ambassador-in-residence)
An official messenger and representative.

ambassadorial /æm.bæs.əˈdɔɹ.iəl/ more ambassadorial most ambassadorial adj
ambasadorski
Of or pertaining to an ambassador.

ambassadorless adj
bez ambasadorów

ambassadorship ambassadorships n
ambasadorostwo ambasadorstwo
The post or office of ambassador.

ambassadress ambassadresses n
ambasadorka ambasador
A female ambassador.
ambasadorowa
The wife of an ambassador.

amber /ˈam.bə/ /ˈæm.bɚ/ more amber most amber adj
bursztynowy
Of a brownish yellow colour, like that of most amber.

amber /ˈam.bə/ /ˈæm.bɚ/ ambers n
bursztyn jantar
A hard, generally yellow to brown translucent or transparent fossil resin from extinct coniferous trees of the pine genus, used for jewellery, decoration and later dissolved as a binder in varnishes. One variety, blue amber, appears blue rather than yellow under direct sunlight. [from 15th c.]
bursztyn
A yellow-orange colour.
żółte
(British) The intermediate light in a set of three traffic lights, which when illuminated indicates that drivers should stop short of the intersection when safe to do so. See also yellow light.

ambergris /ˈæm.bə.ɡɹɪs/ /ˈæm.bɚ.ɡɹis/ /ˈæm.bɚ.ɡɹɪs/ ambergrises n
ambra
A solid, waxy, flammable substance of a dull grey or blackish color, produced in the intestines of the sperm whale. It is used in perfumes.

ambi- prefix
ambi- obu-
Both; on both sides.

ambiance /ˈæm.bi.əns/ /ˈɑm.bi.ɑns/ /ˈɒm.bi.ɒns/ ambiances n
atmosfera
A particular mood or atmosphere of an environment or surrounding influence.

ambidextrous /ˌæm.biˈdɛk.stɹəs/ /ˌæm.bɪˈdɛk.stɹəs/ more ambidextrous most ambidextrous adj
oburęczny
Having equal ability in both hands; in particular, able to write equally well with both hands.

ambient /ˈæm.bi.ənt/ more ambient most ambient adj
otaczający
Encompassing on all sides; surrounding; encircling; enveloping.
atmosferyczny
(music) Evoking or creating an atmosphere: atmospheric.

ambient /ˈæm.bi.ənt/ ambients n
otoczenie
Something that surrounds; encompassing material, substance or shape.
ambient
(uncountable, music) A type of modern music that creates a relaxing and peaceful atmosphere.

ambigram ambigrams n
ambigram
A calligraphic design that may be read as the same word or phrase (or sometimes different words or phrases) when oriented in two different ways, usually when reflected along a vertical or horizontal axis or when rotated through 180 degrees.

ambiguity /æm.bɪˈɡjuː.ɪ.ti/ /ˌæm.bəˈɡjuː.ə.ti/ ambiguities n
wieloznaczność
(countable) words or statements that are open to more than one interpretation, explanation or meaning, especially if that meaning cannot be determined from its context.

ambiguous /æmˈbɪɡ.ju.əs/ /æmˈbɪɡ.jʉ.əs/ [ɛəmˈbɪɡ.ju.əs] more ambiguous most ambiguous adj
dwuznaczny wieloznaczny
Open to multiple interpretations.

ambiophonic adj
ambiofoniczny

ambiophonics n
ambiofonia
A technique using digital signal processing and two loudspeakers directly in front of the listener in order to improve reproduction of stereophonic and surround sound.

ambitendency ambitendencies n
ambitendencja

ambition /æmˈbɪʃ.ən/ ambitions n
ambicja
(uncountable, countable) Eager or inordinate desire for some object that confers distinction, as preferment, honor, superiority, political power, or fame; desire to distinguish one's self from other people.
(countable) An object of an ardent desire.
(uncountable) A personal quality similar to motivation, not necessarily tied to a single goal.

ambitionist ambitionists n
ambicjant ambicjoner ambicjusz ambitnik

ambitious /æmˈbɪʃ.əs/ ambitiouser ambitiousest more ambitious most ambitious adj
ambitny ambicjonalny
(of a person or their character) Having or showing ambition; wanting a lot of power, honor, respect, superiority, or other distinction.
ambitny
Hard to achieve.

ambitiously more ambitiously most ambitiously adv
ambicjonalnie ambitnie
In an ambitious manner.

ambitus /ˈæmbɪtəs/ ambiti ambituses n
ambitus
(music) the range of a melody, especially those of ecclesiastical chants

ambivalence /æmˈbɪvələns/ ambivalences n
ambiwalencja
The coexistence of opposing attitudes or feelings (such as love and hate) towards a person, object or idea.
niezdecydowanie
A state of uncertainty or indecisiveness.

ambivalent /æmˈbɪv.ə.lənt/ more ambivalent most ambivalent adj
ambiwalentny
Simultaneously experiencing or expressing opposing or contradictory feelings, beliefs, or motivations.

ambivalently more ambivalently most ambivalently adv
ambiwalentnie
In an ambivalent manner.

ambivert /-vəːt/ /ˈæmbəˌvɚt/ /ˈæmbɪvɜːt/ ambiverts n
ambiwertyk
(psychology) A person who is neither clearly extroverted nor introverted, but has characteristics of each.

amble /ˈæm.bəl/ v
spacerować
(intransitive) To stroll or walk slowly and leisurely.

amblygonite amblygonites n
ambligonit
(mineral) A mineral, a mixed fluoride and aluminophosphate of sodium and lithium that is an important ore of lithium.

amblyopia /æmblɪˈəʊpɪə/ amblyopias n
ambliopia niedowidzenie
Dimness or blurring of the eyesight due to a fault in transmission of signals to the brain from an otherwise healthy eye.

ambo /ˈæm.bəʊ/ ambones ambos n
ambona
(Roman Catholicism) A stationary podium used for readings and homilies.

ambrosia /æmˈbɹoʊʒə/ ambrosias n
ambrozja
Any fungus of a number of species that insects such as ambrosia beetles carry as symbionts, "farming" them on poor-quality food such as wood, where they grow, providing food for the insect.

ambrosial /amˈbɹəʊzɪəl/ /æmˈbɹoʊʒəl/ more ambrosial most ambrosial adj
ambrozyjski
Succulently sweet or fragrant; balmy, divine.

ambry /ˈæm.bɹi/ ambries n
almaria armaria
(now, _, historical, rare) A bookcase; a library or archive. [from 13thc.]

ambulacral adj
ambulakralny
Of or pertaining to an ambulacrum

ambulance /ˈæm.bjə.ləns/ /ˈæm.bjəˌlæns/ ambulances n
karetka ambulans
An emergency vehicle designed for transporting seriously ill or injured people to a hospital. [1854]

ambulatory /-bjʊ-/ /ˈam.bjə.ləˌtoɹ.i/ /ˌæm.bjəˈleɪ.tɹi/ more ambulatory most ambulatory adj
ambulatoryjny
(medicine) Performed on or involving an outpatient.

ambulatory /-bjʊ-/ /ˈam.bjə.ləˌtoɹ.i/ /ˌæm.bjəˈleɪ.tɹi/ ambulatories n
ambit
The round walkway encircling the altar in many cathedrals.

ambush /ˈæm.bʊʃ/ ambushes n
zasadzka
An attack launched from a concealed position.

ambush /ˈæm.bʊʃ/ v
zaczaić się zaczajać się
(transitive) To station in ambush with a view to surprise an enemy.
wciągać w zasadzkę wciągnąć w zasadzkę zaczaić się zaczajać się
(transitive) To attack by ambush; to waylay.

ambush marketing n
marketing pasożytniczy marketing podstępny
(business) A marketing strategy wherein advertisers associate themselves with, and therefore capitalize on, a particular event without paying any sponsorship fee.

amchur n
amchur

amelioration /əˌmiːliəˈɹeɪʃən/ ameliorations n
amelioracja ulepszenie
The act of making better.

ameliorative more ameliorative most ameliorative adj
amelioracyjny polepszający
Able to repair or ameliorate.
amelioracyjny
(philosophy) Of or relating to conceptual engineering, the normative study of which conceptual demarcation is most conducive to solve the problems the concept is a priori taken to solve.

ameloblast ameloblasts n
ameloblast
An epithelial cell that forms the enamel of the developing tooth

amen /eɪˈmɛn/ /ɑːˈmɛn/ /ˈeɪ.mɛn/ adv
amen
At the end of religious prayers: so be it.
In many Abrahamic religious texts and creeds: certainly, verily.

amen /eɪˈmɛn/ /ɑːˈmɛn/ /ˈeɪ.mɛn/ interjection
amen
An expression of strong agreement, often in the phrase "Amen to that!"

amenable /əˈmiːnəbəl/ /əˈmɛn.ə.bəl/ more amenable most amenable adj
uległy
Liable to be brought to account, to a charge or claim; responsible; accountable; answerable.

amend /əˈmɛnd/ v
poprawiać poprawić
(transitive) To make better; improve.
poprawiać się poprawić się
(intransitive) To become better.
(obsolete, intransitive) To be healed, to be cured, to recover (from an illness).

amendment /ʌˈmɛnd.mənt/ amendments n
nowela nowelizacja poprawka
In public bodies, any alteration made or proposed to be made in a bill or motion that adds, changes, substitutes, or omits.
dodatek
That which is added; that which is used to increase or supplement something.

amenorrhoea /əˌmɛnəˈɹiːə/ /ˌeɪmɛnəˈɹiːə/ amenorrhoeae amenorrhoeas n
brak miesiączki
(medicine) Absence of menstrual discharge.

amentia /eɪˈmɛnʃə/ /əˈmɛnʃə/ amentias n
amencja
Mental impairment; state of being mentally handicapped.

americano americanos n
americano
A drink made of espresso coffee diluted with hot water.

americium /ˌæməˈɹɪsiəm/ americiums n
ameryk
The chemical element (symbol Am) with an atomic number of 95.

ametabolic adj
ametaboliczny
(entomology) Not undergoing metamorphosis

ametabolism n
rozwój ametaboliczny

amethodical more amethodical most amethodical adj
ametodyczny

amethyst /ˈæm.ə.θɪst/ more amethyst most amethyst adj
ametystowy fioletowy
Having a colour similar to that of the gemstone

amethyst /ˈæm.ə.θɪst/ amethysts n
ametyst
A transparent purple to violet variety of quartz with traces of manganese, used as a gemstone.

ametropia ametropias n
ametropia
(medicine, ophthalmology) Any of several disorders of the eye (spherical or cylindrical) resulting from faulty refractive ability.

amiable /ˈeɪ.mi.ə.bəl/ /ˈæ.mi.ə.bəl/ more amiable most amiable adj
przyjacielski przyjazny życzliwy
Friendly; kind; sweet; gracious

amianthus amianthuses n
amiant
A type of asbestos with long, soft, thin fibers.

amic adj
aminowy
(chemistry) Of, relating to, or derived from an amine, amide or amic acid.

amicable /ˈæ.mɪ.kə.bəl/ more amicable most amicable adj
przyjazny
Showing friendliness or goodwill.

amicably more amicably most amicably adv
przyjaźnie
friendly; in an amicable manner.

amice amices n
humerał
A hood, or cape with a hood, made of or lined with grey fur, formerly worn by the clergy.

amid /əˈmɪd/ preposition
pośród wśród
In the middle of; in the center of; surrounded by.

amidase /ˈæmɪdeɪz/ amidases n
amidaza

amide /ˈeɪ.maɪd/ /ˈæ.maɪd/ /ˈæ.mɪd/ amides n
amid
(organic chemistry) Any derivative of an oxoacid in which the hydroxyl group has been replaced with an amino or substituted amino group; especially such derivatives of a carboxylic acid, the carboxamides or acid amides

amidol amidols n
amidol
The hydrochloride of the amino-phenol 2,4-diaminophenol, used as a photographic developer.

amidships /əˈmɪd.ʃɪps/ more amidships most amidships adv
na śródokręciu
(nautical) In the middle of a ship, either longitudinally or laterally.

amidst /aˈmɪdst/ /əˈmɪtst/ preposition
pośród
In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among.

amikacin /ˌæm.ɪˈkeɪ.sn̩/ amikacins n
amikacyna

amimia amimias n
amimia
(medicine) inability to express oneself using gestures

aminate v
aminować

amine /əˈmiːn/ /ˈeɪ.miːn/ /ˈæ.miːn/ /ˈæ.mɪn/ amines n
amina
(organic chemistry) Any organic compound containing an amine functional group.

amino acid amino acids n
aminokwas
(organic chemistry) Any organic compound containing both an amino and a carboxylic acid functional group.
(biochemistry) Any of the twenty naturally occurring α-amino acids (having the amino, and carboxylic acid groups on the same carbon atom), and a variety of side chains, that combine, via peptide bonds, to form proteins.

amino sugar amino sugars n
aminocukier aminosacharyd
(chemistry) any monosaccharide in which a single hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino group

aminoacylation aminoacylations n
aminoacylacja aminoacylowanie
(biochemistry) The addition of an aminoacyl group to a compound, especially as part of the process of synthesizing proteins via aminoacyl tRNA synthetase

aminopeptidase aminopeptidases n
aminopeptydaza
(enzyme) Any of several enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the peptide bond of the terminal amino acid at the amino end of a polypeptide or protein

aminophenazone aminophenazones n
aminofenazon
A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.

aminophenol aminophenols n
aminofenol

aminoplastic aminoplastics n
aminoplast
melamine/formaldehyde resin

amiss /əˈmɪs/ more amiss most amiss adj
na opak nie tak
(chiefly, predicative) Wrong; faulty; out of order; improper or otherwise incorrect.

amitosis amitoses n
amitoza

amitotic adj
amitotyczny
Of or pertaining to amitosis

amla amlas n
agrest indyjski amla liściokwiat garbnikowy
the bitter yellow-green fruit of this tree.

ammeter ammeters n
amperomierz amperometr
A device that measures the magnitude of an electric current, especially one calibrated in amperes.

ammocoete ammocoetes n
robaczyca węgornica ślepica
(zoology) A larva of a lamprey.

ammonal /ˈa.mə.nal/ ammonals n
amonal
An explosive made up of ammonium nitrate, trinitrotoluene, and aluminium powder.

ammonia /əˈmoʊn.jə/ ammonias n
amoniak
(inorganic compound) A gaseous compound of hydrogen and nitrogen, NH3, with a pungent smell and taste.

ammoniacal /aməˈnʌɪəkəl/ adj
amoniakalny amoniakowy
Pertaining to or containing ammonia.

ammoniate ammoniates n
amoniakat
(inorganic chemistry) Any compound containing ammonia bound as a ligand.

ammoniate v
amoniakować

ammonic adj
amoniakalny amoniakowy
(inorganic chemistry) Relating to ammonia.
(anatomy) Relating to the cornu ammonis.

ammonical more ammonical most ammonical adj
amoniakalny amoniakowy
(inorganic chemistry) Of or pertaining to ammonia.

ammonification ammonifications n
amonifikacja
(biochemistry) The formation of ammonia or its compounds from nitrogenous compounds, especially as a result of bacterial decomposition.

ammonify v
amoniakować

ammonite /ˈæ.məˌnaɪt/ n
amonit
(paleontology) Any of an extinct group of cephalopods of the subclass Ammonoidea; a fossil shell of such an animal.
An explosive prepared from a mixture of TNT and ammonium nitrate; a form of amatol, popular in Eastern Europe and China.

ammonitic adj
amonitowy
Relating to, or containing, ammonites

ammonium /əˈmoʊni.əm/ ammoniums n
amon
(inorganic chemistry) The univalent NH4+ cation, derived by the protonation of ammonia

ammonium nitrate n
azotan amonu
(inorganic compound) The ammonium salt of nitric acid, NH4NO3; it is used in fertilizers and explosives (notoriously in improvised explosive devices, though its main importance is as an explosive in its own right and in mixtures such as amatol and ANFO).

ammunition /ˌæmjuˈnɪʃən/ ammunitions n
amunicja strzeliwo
Articles used in charging firearms and ordnance of all kinds; as powder, balls, shot, shells, percussion caps, rockets, etc.

ammunitional adj
amunicyjny

ammunitionless adj
bez amunicji

amnesia /æmˈniːz.i.ə/ /æmˈniːʒə/ /ˌæmˈniʒə/ amnesias amnesiæ n
amnezja niepamięć
(pathology) Loss of memory; forgetfulness.

amnesiac amnesiacs n
amnezjak

amnesic /æmˈniːsɪk/ /æmˈniːʒɪk/ adj
amnestyczny amnezyjny
Of, pertaining to, affected by, or causing amnesia.

amnestied /ˈam.nəs.tiːd/ more amnestied most amnestied adj
amnestionowana amnestionowany

amnesty /ˈæm.nɪ.sti/ amnesties n
niepamięć
Forgetfulness; cessation of remembrance of wrong; oblivion.
amnestia
An act of the sovereign power granting oblivion, or a general pardon, for a past offense, as to subjects concerned in an insurrection.

amnesty /ˈæm.nɪ.sti/ v
amnestionować amnestiować
To grant a pardon (to a group)

amniocentesis /ˌamnɪə(ʊ)sɛnˈtiːsɪs/ amniocenteses n
amniocenteza amniopunkcja
(medicine) A procedure for obtaining amniotic fluid from a pregnant animal, by inserting a hollow needle through the abdominal wall and into the amniotic sac. Used in diagnosing possible genetic defects and/or obstetric complications.

amnion /ˈæm.ni.ɑːn/ /ˈæm.nɪ.ɒn/ amnia amnions n
amnion owodnia
(anatomy) The innermost membrane of the fetal membranes of reptiles, birds, and mammals; the sac in which the embryo is suspended.

amniote /ˈam.nɪ.əʊt/ amniotes n
owodniowiec
(biology) Any of the Amniota group of vertebrates having an amnion during the development of the embryo; mammals, birds and reptiles.

amniotic fluid amniotic fluids n
wody płodowe płyn owodniowy
(zoology) In placental mammals, a fluid contained within the amnion membrane that surrounds a developing embryo or fetus.

amniotic sac amniotic sacs n
błona płodowa
The sac in which the foetus develops in mammals, reptiles and birds.

amoeba /əˈmiːbə/ amoebae amoebas n
ameba pełzak
(biology) A member of the genus Amoeba of unicellular protozoa that moves by means of temporary projections called pseudopodia.

amoebal /əˈmiːbəl/ adj
amebowy pełzakowy

amoebalike more amoebalike most amoebalike adj
amebowaty

amoebiasis amoebiases n
amebiaza ameboza pełzakowica
(medicine) An infectious disease caused by the parasitic protozoan Entamoeba histolytica; amoebic dysentery.

amoebic /əˈmiːbɪk/ more amoebic most amoebic adj
amebowy pełzakowy
(biology, pathology) Relating to, or caused by an amoeba.

amoebocyte amoebocytes n
amebocyt
Any cell that has the form or motion of an amoeba.

amoeboid more amoeboid most amoeboid adj
ameboidalny pełzakowaty

amomum amomums n
amomek
Any of several spices of genus Amomum, family Zingiberaceae, including cardamom.

among /əˈmɒŋ/ /əˈmʌŋ/ preposition
pośród wśród między pomiędzy
Denotes a mingling or intermixing with distinct or separable objects. (See Usage Note at amidst.)

amoral /eɪˈmɑɹ.əl/ /eɪˈmɒɹ.əl/ /eɪˈmɔɹ.əl/ more amoral most amoral adj
immoralny
(of acts) Done without consideration for morality or immorality.
amoralny niemoralny
(of people) Not believing in or caring for morality and immorality.

amoralism amoralisms n
amoralizm
(philosophy) doctrine which advocates absence of, or indifference towards any morality.

amoralist amoralists n
amoralista amoralistka
One who practises or who advocates amoralism.

amorality amoralities n
amoralność niemoralność amoralizm
Lack or absence of morality.

amorally /eɪˈmɔɹəli/ /æˈmɔɹəli/ more amorally most amorally adv
amoralnie niemoralnie
In an amoral manner; without morals.

amoretto amoretti amorettos n
amorek putto
(in art) A cupid or putto (representation of a naked baby or small child, often with wings).

amorous /ˈæ.mə.ɹəs/ /ˈæ.mɹəs/ more amorous most amorous adj
kochliwy miłosny
Inclined or having a propensity to love, or to sexual enjoyment.
miłosny
Indicating love or sexual desire.
Of or relating to, or produced by, love.
zakochany
(dated) Affected with love; in love; enamored.

amorously /ˈæ.mə.ɹəs.li/ more amorously most amorously adv
miłośnie
In an amorous or loving manner.

amorousness amorousnesses n
zakochanie
The state or quality of being amorous.

amorpha amorphas n
amorfa

amorphism amorphisms n
amorfizm
An amorphous quality.

amorphous /eɪˈmɔ(ɹ)fəs/ /əˈmɔ(ɹ)fəs/ more amorphous most amorphous adj
amorficzny bezkształtny bezpostaciowy
Lacking a definite form or clear shape.
bezkształtny amorficzny
(by extension) Being without definite character or nature.

amorphously adv
bezkształtnie
In an amorphous manner.

amorphousness n
amorfia amorficzność bezkształt bezkształtność bezpostaciowość
The state or quality of being amorphous.

amortize /əˈmɔɹtaɪz/ /əˈmɔːtaɪz/ /ˈæmɚtaɪz/ v
amortyzować zamortyzować
(transitive) To wipe out (a debt, liability etc.) gradually or in installments.

amount /əˈmaʊnt/ amounts n
kwota ilość liczba suma
The total, aggregate or sum of material (not applicable to discrete numbers or units or items in standard English).
ilość kwota liczba
A quantity or volume.

amount /əˈmaʊnt/ v
dawać wynieść
(intransitive, followed by to) To total or evaluate.
być równoznacznym z wynieść
(intransitive, followed by to) To be the same as or equivalent to.

ampelography n
ampelografia
(botany, oenology) The discipline within botany concerned with the taxonomy of cultivars in the grapevine genus, Vitis.

ampere /ˈæmˌpɛər/ /ˈæmˌpɪər/ /ˌæmˈpɪər/ amperes n
amper
A unit of electrical current, the standard base unit in the International System of Units; colloquially amp. Abbreviation: amp, Symbol: A

ampere-hour ampere-hours n
amperogodzina
(physics) a unit of electric charge, equal to the charge transferred by a current of one ampere in one hour through a specified point in a circuit, equal to 3600 coulombs.

ampere-turn ampere-turns n
amperozwój
The unit of magnetomotive force.

amperometry n
amperometria
(chemistry) An analytical technique that involves the continuous measurement of electric current during a reaction or titration

ampersand /ˈæm.pə(ɹ).sænd/ /ˈæmp.ə(ɹ)ˌzænd/ ampersands n
ampersand
The symbol "&".

amphetamine /æmˈfɛt.ə.miːn/ /æmˈfɛt.əm.ɪn/ amphetamines n
amfetamina
(informal) Any mixture of the two amphetamine enantiomers, dextroamphetamine and levoamphetamine.

amphetaminic adj
amfetaminowy
Relating to, or containing an amphetamine

amphi- prefix
amfi-
both

amphibian /æmˈfɪbɪən/ more amphibian most amphibian adj
amfibijny płazi
Of or relating to the class Amphibia.

amphibian /æmˈfɪbɪən/ amphibians n
płaz amfibia
An animal of the Amphibia; any four-legged vertebrate that does not have amniotic eggs, living both on land and in water.
A vehicle which can operate on land and water. See Wikipedia article on "Amphibious aircraft"

amphibiotic adj
amfibiotyczny
Describing insects that initially live in water but live on land as adults

amphibious [æmˈfɪbi.əs] adj
amfibijny
Capable of functioning on land or in water.
Occurring on both land and water.

amphibole /ˈæm.fɪˌboʊl/ amphiboles n
amfibol
(mineral) Any of a large group of structurally similar hydrated double silicate minerals, containing various combinations of sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, and aluminium.

amphibolic more amphibolic most amphibolic adj
amfibolowy
(geology) Of, resembling or containing the mineral amphibole.

amphibolite /æmˈfɪb.əˌlaɪt/ amphibolites n
amfibolit
Any of a class of metamorphic rocks composed mainly of amphibole with some quartz etc.

amphibolitic more amphibolitic most amphibolitic adj
amfibolitowy
Of, pertaining to, or composed of an amphibolite.

amphibological more amphibological most amphibological adj
amfiboliczny
(linguistics) Grammatically ambiguous.

amphiboly /amˈfɪbəli/ amphibolies n
amfibolia amfibologia
(grammar) An ambiguous grammatical construction.

amphibrach /ˈam.fɪ.bɹak/ amphibrachs n
amfibrach
(prosody) A metrical foot in modern prosody, consisting of three syllables, the middle one of which is stressed (e.g. Jamaica).

amphibrachic adj
amfibrachiczny
Consisting of amphibrachs, metrical feet consisting of either a long syllable between two that are short, or an accented syllable between two that are not accented.

amphibrachically adv
amfibrachicznie

amphictyony amphictyonies n
amfiktionia
A religious foundation or co-operative shared between Greek city states during the classical period, typically to support the temple or cult of a deity shared by the city states. Also used academically to refer to similar arrangements in non-Greek cultures.

amphidiploid amphidiploids n
amfidiploid
(biology) Such an organism

amphigony n
amfigonia
(obsolete) sexual reproduction

amphimacer amphimacers n
amfimacer amfimakr

amphimixis amphimixes n
amfimiksja
(uncountable) sexual reproduction

amphiploid amphiploids n
amfiploid

amphipod /ˈam.fɪ.pɑd/ /ˈam.fɪ.pɒd/ amphipods n
obunóg
Any species of the taxonomic order Amphipoda of small, shrimp-like crustaceans.

amphiprostyle amphiprostyles n
amfiprostylos
(architecture, historical) An amphiprostyle temple or edifice.

amphiprotic more amphiprotic most amphiprotic adj
amfoteryczny
(chemistry) Able to both donate and accept a proton, and thus able to react both as an acid and a base; amphoteric.

amphiproticity n
amfoteryczność

amphitheatre /ˈæm.fəˌθi.(j)ə.tɚ/ /ˈæm.pəˌθi.(j)ə.tɚ/ /ˈæmfiˌθiːətə/ /ˈæmfɪˌθiːətə/ /ˈæmfɪˌθɪətə/ amphitheatres n
amfiteatr
An open, outdoor theatre (which may be a theatre in the round, or have a stage with seating on only one side), especially one from the classical period of ancient Greece or Rome, or a modern venue of similar design.

amphitheatrical more amphitheatrical most amphitheatrical adj
amfiteatralny
Having some of the characteristics of an amphitheatre.

amphitheatricality n
amfiteatralność

amphitheatrically more amphitheatrically most amphitheatrically adv
amfiteatralnie

ampholyte ampholytes n
amfolit
(chemistry) An amphoteric electrolyte

ampholytic more ampholytic most ampholytic adj
amfolityczny

amphora /æmˈfɔ(ː)ɹə/ /ˈæmfəɹə/ amphorae amphorai amphoras n
amfora
(chiefly, _, historical) A large vessel, especially a thin-necked clay vat used in ancient Greece and Rome for storing and transporting wine and oil.

amphoric adj
amforyczny
(medicine) Produced by or indicating a hollow cavity in the lungs, giving a sound like that produced by blowing into an empty decanter.

amphoteric more amphoteric most amphoteric adj
amfoteryczny
(chemistry) Having the characteristics of both an acid and a base, and capable of reacting as either; amphiprotic. [from 1832]

ampicillin /ˌæm.pɪˈsɪl.ɪn/ ampicillins n
ampicylina

ample /ˈæm.pəl/ ampler amplest adj
duży obszerny
Large; great in size, extent, capacity, or bulk; for example spacious, roomy or widely extended.

amplidyne amplidynes n
amplidyna

amplification /ˌæmplɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ amplifications n
amplifikacja nasilenie wzmocnienie
The act, or result of amplifying, enlarging, extending or adding.
amplifikacja
(organic chemistry) A procedure used in the nomenclature of complex organic compounds in which the superatoms of a basic structure (a phane) are replaced by cyclic structures (amplificants).
(translation studies) A translation technique that involves adding content that is not present in the source text to the target text, usually to improve the fluency of the translation.

amplifier /ˈæm.plə.faɪ.ə/ /ˈæm.plə.faɪ.ɚ/ /ˈæm.plə.faɪɹ/ amplifiers n
amplifikator wzmacniacz
Anything that amplifies, or makes something larger or more intense.
(electronics) An appliance or circuit that increases the strength of a weak electrical signal without changing the other characteristics of the signal.

amplify /ˈæmp.lɪ.faɪ/ v
amplifikować
(transitive) To render larger, more extended, or more intense.
(transitive, rhetorical) To enlarge by addition or commenting; to treat copiously by adding particulars, illustrations, etc.; to expand.
(transitive) To increase the amplitude of something, especially of an electric current.

amplitude /ˈæm.plɪ.tud/ amplitudes n
amplituda
The measure of something's size, especially in terms of width or breadth; largeness, magnitude.
(mathematics) The maximum absolute value of the vertical component of a curve or function, especially one that is periodic.
(physics) The maximum absolute value of some quantity that varies.

amplitude modulation amplitude modulations n
modulacja amplitudy modulacja amplitudowa
(radio) A method of sending information by modifying (modulating) the intensity (amplitude) of a carrier wave.

ampoule /ˈæm.pjuːl/ /ˈæm.puːl/ ampoules n
ampułka
A small hermetically sealed vial, often used to contain a sterile solution suitable for injection.

amputate /ˈæmpjʊteɪt/ v
amputować
To surgically remove a part of the body, especially a limb. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

amputation /ˌæmpjʊˈteɪʃən/ amputations n
amputacja
surgical removal of all or part of a limb, etc.

amputational adj
amputacyjny

amrita n
amrita amryta
(Hinduism) The water of life; the drink of the Hindu gods.

amulet /ˈæm.jə.lɪt/ amulets n
amulet
A kind of protective charm or ornament, often bearing magical symbols, worn for protection against ill will, negative influences, or evil spirits.

amuse /əˈmjuːz/ v
bawić zabawiać rozbawić rozerwać
(transitive) To entertain or occupy (someone or something) in a pleasant manner; to stir (an individual) with pleasing emotions.
bawić rozśmieszać rozśmieszyć śmieszyć
To cause laughter or amusement; to be funny.

amusement /əˈmjuzmənt/ amusements n
zabawa
(uncountable) Entertainment.

amusement park amusement parks n
lunapark wesołe miasteczko park rozrywki
A commercially-operated collection of rides, games and other entertainment attractions.

amuser amusers n
bawiciel zabawiacz
Someone who amuses.

amusia amusias n
amuzja
The inability to comprehend or respond to music.

amusing /əˈmjuːzɪŋ/ more amusing most amusing adj
zabawny śmieszny
Funny, hilarious.

amygdala /əˈmɪɡ.də.lə/ amygdalae amygdalas n
ciało migdałowate
(neuroanatomy) Each one of the two regions of the brain, located as a pair in the medial temporal lobe, believed to play a key role in processing emotions, such as fear and pleasure, in both animals and humans.

amygdalin n
amigdalina
(biochemistry) A glycoside of benzaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide found in bitter almonds, and in the kernels of some other fruit.

amylase /ˈæmɪleɪs/ amylases n
amylaza diastaza
(enzyme) Any of a class of digestive enzymes, present in saliva and also contributed to the gut by the exocrine pancreas, that break down complex carbohydrates such as starch into simpler sugars such as glucose.

amylograph amylographs n
amylograf

amyloid amyloids n
amyloid
A waxy compound of protein and polysaccharides that is found deposited in tissues in amyloidosis.

amyloidosis amyloidoses n
amyloidoza skrobiawica
(medicine) Any of a group of disorders in which the fibrous protein amyloid is deposited in an organ of the body.

amylopectin amylopectins n
amylopektyna
(carbohydrate) A highly branched, insoluble form of starch (the soluble form being amylose)

amyloplast amyloplasts n
amyloplast
(biology) A specialized leucoplast responsible for the storage of amylopectin through the polymerization of glucose.

amylose amyloses n
amyloza
(carbohydrate) The soluble form of starch (the insoluble form being amylopectin) that is a linear polymer of glucose.

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis n
stwardnienie zanikowe boczne
(neurology, pathology) A chronic, progressive disease characterized by degeneration of the central nervous system and the loss of voluntary muscle control.

amyotrophy amyotrophies n
amiotrofia
(pathology) atrophy of muscles

an apple a day keeps the doctor away /əˈn‿æpəl‿ə ˈdeɪ ˈkips ðə ˈdɑktɚ əˈweɪ/ /əˈn‿æpəl‿ə ˈdeɪ ˈkiːps ðə ˈdɒktəɹ‿əˈweɪ/ proverb
jabłko dziennie trzyma lekarza z dala
Apples are healthy and stave off illnesses.

an arm and a leg arms and legs n
kosztować majątek
(idiomatic, hyperbole) Usually used after the verb cost, but also often charge, pay, and spend: a very high price for an item or service; an exorbitant price

an army marches on its stomach proverb
armia maszeruje na brzuchu

an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth proverb
oko za oko, ząb za ząb
(idiomatic) compensation for injury caused by a person, in the form of inflicting of an identical injury on that person.

ana- prefix
ana-
up, above, upward

anabasine n
anabazyna
A pyridine alkaloid similar to nicotine, found in Nicotiana glauca (tree tobacco), a close relative of the common tobacco plant, formerly used as an insecticide.

anabatic more anabatic most anabatic adj
anabatyczny
(of a warm air current) rising (up a slope)

anabiosis anabioses n
anabioza
(biology) A state of suspended animation, especially during extreme drought; the act of recovering from this state.

anabiotic adj
anabiotyczny
Relating to, or recovering from, anabiosis.

anabolic /ˌænəˈbɑlɪk/ /ˌænəˈbɒlɪk/ adj
anaboliczny
Of or relating to anabolism.

anabolic /ˌænəˈbɑlɪk/ /ˌænəˈbɒlɪk/ anabolics n
anabolik
An anabolic steroid.

anabolic steroid anabolic steroids n
anabolik
(steroid hormone) A class of steroid hormones that promote growth of tissue.

anabolism /ə.ˈnæ.bə.ˌlɪ.zəm/ anabolisms n
anabolizm
The constructive metabolism of the body, as distinguished from catabolism.

anachronism /əˈnæ.kɹə.nɪ.z(ə)m/ anachronisms n
anachronizm anachroniczność
A chronological mistake; the erroneous dating of an event, circumstance, or object. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]
A person or thing which seems to belong to a different time or period of time. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

anachronistic /əˌnæk.ɹəˈnɪs.tɪk/ more anachronistic most anachronistic adj
anachroniczny
Erroneous in date; containing an anachronism; in a wrong time; not applicable to or not appropriate for the time.
(of a person) Having opinions from the past; preferring things or values of the past; behind the times; overly conservative.

anachronistically /əˌnækɹəˈnɪstɪkli/ more anachronistically most anachronistically adv
anachronicznie
In an anachronistic manner; in the manner of an anachronism.

anacoenosis n
apel do opinii przeciwnika

anacoluthic adj
anakolutyczny
Of, pertaining to, being, or resembling an anacoluthon.

anacoluthon /ænəkəˈluːθɒn/ anacolutha anacoluthons n
anakolut
(rhetoric) Intentional use of such a structure.

anaconda /ˌænəˈkɒndə/ anacondas n
anakonda
Any of various large nonvenomous snakes of the genus Eunectes, found mainly in northern South America. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

anacreontic /əˌnakɹɪˈɒntɪk/ /əˌnækɹiˈɑntɪk/ more anacreontic most anacreontic adj
anakreontyczny
(prosody) Pertaining to the style of the Greek poet Anacreon, who wrote of wine and love; (specifically) designating a metre based on an anaclastic ionic dimeter. [from 17th c.]

anacreontic /əˌnakɹɪˈɒntɪk/ /əˌnækɹiˈɑntɪk/ anacreontics n
anakreontyk

anacrusis /anəˈkɹuːsɪs/ anacruses n
przedtakt anakruza
(prosody) An unstressed syllable at the start of a verse.
(music) An unstressed note or notes before the first strong beat (or downbeat) of a phrase.

anadiplosis /ˌænədəˈploʊsɪs/ anadiploses n
anadiploza
(figure of speech) A figure of speech in which a word or phrase used at the end of a clause or expression is repeated near the beginning of the next clause or expression.

anadromous /əˈnad.ɹə.məs/ /əˈnæd.ɹə.məs/ adj
anadromiczny
(of a migratory fish) That lives in the sea and breeds in fresh water.

anaerobe /ˈænəˌɹoʊb/ anaerobes n
anaerob anaerobiont anoksybiont beztlenowiec
An anaerobic organism; one that does not require oxygen to sustain its metabolic processes.

anaerobic /ˌænəˈɹoʊbik/ adj
beztlenowy
Without oxygen; especially of an environment or organism.
anaerobowy
Of or relating to an anaerobe.

anaerobically more anaerobically most anaerobically adv
beztlenowo
In an anaerobic manner; in a way that does not require oxygen. Generally used of metabolic processes.

anaerobiosis anaerobioses n
anaerobioza anoksybioza
(biology) Any form of life that is sustained in the absence of air (or oxygen)

anaerobiotic more anaerobiotic most anaerobiotic adj
beztlenowy
(anatomy, archaic) anaerobic.

anaerobiotically adv
beztlenowo
In an anaerobiotic manner.

anagenesis anageneses n
anageneza
The evolution of a new species by the large scale change in gene frequency so that the new species replaces the old rather than branching to produce an additional species.

anaglyph anaglyphs n
anaglif
A decorative ornament worked in low relief or bas relief, such as a piece of cameo jewelry.
A matched pair of images designed to produce a three-dimensional effect when viewed using spectacles that have usually one red and one bluish-green lens, corresponding to the colors of the pairs of images.

anagnorisis anagnorises n
anagnoryzm
The moment in the plot of a drama in which the hero makes a discovery that explains previously unexplained events or situations; a denouement.

anagogic more anagogic most anagogic adj
anagogiczny
Of, pertaining to, or employing an anagoge

anagram /ˈæ.nə.ɡɹæm/ anagrams n
anagram
(of words) A word or phrase that is created by rearranging the letters of another word or phrase.

anagram /ˈæ.nə.ɡɹæm/ v
anagramować

anal /ˈeɪ.nəl/ more anal most anal adj
analny odbytowy odbytnicowy odbytniczy
(not comparable) Of, related to, intended for or involving the anus. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]
pedantyczny
(psychology) Of a person, compulsive and stubborn, obsessed with neatness and accuracy, supposedly from not having progressed beyond the anal stage. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

anal sex n
seks analny anal branie do dupy branie w dupę
A sexual activity involving stimulation of a sexual partner's anus or rectum, especially by penetration.

analcime /əˈnæl.saɪm/ /əˈnæl.siːm/ analcimes n
analcym
(mineral) A sodium aluminosilicate with a chemical formula NaAlSi2O6·H2O, having a zeolite structure, found in alkaline basalts.

analects [ˈæ.nəˌlɛk(t)s] n
analekta
A collection of excerpts or quotes.

analeptic /ˌænəˈlɛptɪk/ more analeptic most analeptic adj
analeptyczny
That restores or stimulates health.

analeptic /ˌænəˈlɛptɪk/ analeptics n
analeptyk
A restorative or stimulative medication, especially one used to overcome depression.

analgesia /ˌæn.əlˈd͡ʒiː.zi.ə/ /ˌæn.əlˈd͡ʒiː.ʒi.ə/ /ˌæn.əlˈd͡ʒiː.ʒə/ analgesias n
analgezja
(medicine) The inability to feel pain.

analgesic /ˌæn.l̩ˈd͡ʒiː.sɪk/ /ˌæn.l̩ˈd͡ʒiː.zɪk/ more analgesic most analgesic adj
analgetyczny przeciwbólowy
(pharmaceutical effect) Of or relating to analgesia; anodyne.

analgesic /ˌæn.l̩ˈd͡ʒiː.sɪk/ /ˌæn.l̩ˈd͡ʒiː.zɪk/ analgesics n
analgetyk lek przeciwbólowy
(pharmacology) Any medicine, such as aspirin, that reduces pain, especially without inducing a loss of other sensation. (Contrast anesthetic.)

analog /ˈæ.nə.lɑɡ/ /ˈæ.nə.lɒɡ/ /ˈæ.nə.lɔɡ/ adj
analogowy
(of a device or system) In which the value of a data item (such as time) is represented by a continuous(ly) variable physical quantity that can be measured (such as the shadow of a sundial).

analog /ˈæ.nə.lɑɡ/ /ˈæ.nə.lɒɡ/ /ˈæ.nə.lɔɡ/ analogs n
analog
(countable) Something that bears an analogy to something else.
(chemistry) A structural derivative of a parent compound that differs from it by only one or a few atoms or substituent groups; (usually, especially) such a molecule that retains most of the same chemical properties.

analogate analogates n
analogat

analogical adj
analogiczny
Of, pertaining to, based on, or composed of an analogy.

analogically adv
analogicznie
In an analogical manner; in the manner of an analogy.

analogicalness n
analogiczność
The state or quality of being analogical.

analogism analogisms n
analogizm
The investigation of things by the analogy they bear to each other.

analogize v
analogizować
To express as an analogy.

analogly more analogly most analogly adv
analogowo

analogon analoga analogons n
analogon

analogous /əˈnæl.ə.dʒəs/ /əˈnæl.ə.ɡəs/ more analogous most analogous adj
analogiczny
Having analogy, the status of an analogue; corresponding to something else; bearing some resemblance or similar proportion (often followed by "to".)

analogously /əˈnæl.ə.ɡəs.li/ more analogously most analogously adv
analogicznie
In an analogous manner; in a manner which evokes analogy.

analogy /əˈnæləd͡ʒi/ analogies n
analogia
A relationship of resemblance or equivalence between two situations, people, or objects, especially when used as a basis for explanation or extrapolation.

analphabet /ænˈælfəbɛt/ /ˌæˈnælfəbɛt/ analphabets n
analfabeta analfabetka
A person who does not know the letters of the alphabet; a partly or wholly illiterate person. [from mid 17th c.]

analysand analysands n
analizowany
A person who undergoes psychoanalysis; one who is analysed.

analysis /æˈnɑ.lə.sɪs/ /əˈnæləsɪs/ /əˈnælɪsɪs/ analyses n
analiza
(countable) Decomposition into components in order to study (a complex thing, concept, theory etc.).
(countable) The result of such a process.
(uncountable, mathematics) A broad field of study in modern mathematics (often mentioned alongside algebra) which developed out of the calculus, concerned with the behavior of functions, sequences, series, limits, metric spaces, measures and more.
(countable, logic) Proof by deduction from known truths.
(countable, chemistry) The process of breaking down a substance into its constituent parts, or the result of this process.

analyst /ˈænəlɪst/ analysts n
analityk analityczka
Someone who analyzes.
psychoanalityk
(psychiatry) A practitioner of psychoanalysis.

analytic /ˌænəˈlɪtɪk/ more analytic most analytic adj
analityczny
Of, or relating to any form of analysis, or to analytics.
Of, or relating to division into elements or principles.

analytic geometry n
geometria analityczna
(geometry) The subbranch of geometry that investigates geometrical figures via the mathematical properties of their representations in a coordinate system.

analyticality n
analityczność

analytically /æn.əˈlɪt.ɪk.əl.li/ more analytically most analytically adv
analitycznie
In an analytical manner.

analytics /ˌæn.əˈlɪt.ɪks/ n
analityka
Discovery, interpretation, and communication of meaningful patterns in data.

analyze /ˈæn.lɑɪz/ /ˈæn.ə.laɪz/ /ˈæn.ə.lɑɪz/ [ˈɛən.ə.laɪz] [ˈɛːn.ə.laɪz] v
analizować przeanalizować zanalizować
(transitive) To examine in such a manner as to ascertain the elements or nature of the thing examined; as, to analyze a fossil substance, to analyze a sentence or a word, or to analyze an action to ascertain its morality.

analyzer analyzers n
analizator
(US) an instrument for the analysis of something
(US) a person who analyzes
(optics) a type of polarizer

anamnesis /ˌænæmˈniːsɪs/ anamneses n
anamneza
(medicine) The medical history of a patient.

anamnestic more anamnestic most anamnestic adj
anamnestyczny
Of or pertaining to anamnesis

anamniote anamniotes n
bezowodniowiec
Any animal that is not an amniote

anamorphic /ˌænəˈmɔɹfɪk/ /ˌænəˈmɔːfɪk/ adj
anamorfotyczny
Producing various optically distorted images.

anamorphosis anamorphoses n
anamorfoza
A distorted image of an object that may be viewed correctly from a specific angle or with a specific mirror.

anantapodoton anantapodota n
anantapodoton

ananym ananyms n
ananim
A pseudonym derived by spelling one's name backwards.

anapest /ˈæ.nə.piːst/ /ˈæ.nə.pɛst/ anapests n
anapest antydaktyl
(prosody) In qualitative meter, a metrical foot consisting of three syllables, two unstressed and one stressed.
(prosody) In quantitative meter, a metrical foot consisting of three syllables, two short and one long.
anapest
(prosody) A fragment, phrase or line of poetry or verse using this meter.

anapestic /ˌæ.nə.ˈpiː.stɪk/ more anapestic most anapestic adj
anapestyczny
of, or relating to, or composed of an anapest.

anaphase /ˈænəˌfeɪz/ anaphases n
anafaza
(cytology) The stage of mitosis and meiosis during which the chromosomes separate; the chromatid moving to opposite poles of the cell.

anaphora /ænəˈfɔɹə/ /ənˈæfəɹə/ anaphora anaphoras anaphors n
anafora
(figure of speech) The repetition of a phrase at the beginning of phrases, sentences, or verses, used for emphasis.
(linguistics) An expression that refers to a preceding expression.
(Christianity) The most solemn part of the Divine Liturgy or the Mass during which the offerings of bread and wine are consecrated as body and blood of Christ.

anaphoresis n
anaforeza
(physics) The movement of electrically charged particles towards an anode.

anaphoric more anaphoric most anaphoric adj
anaforyczny
Of, or relating to, an anaphora.

anaphylactic adj
anafilaktyczny
Pertaining to anaphylaxis.

anaphylactic shock anaphylactic shocks n
wstrząs anafilaktyczny
A severe and rapid systemic allergic reaction to an allergen, constricting the trachea and causing generalized vasodilation.

anaphylaxis anaphylaxes n
anafilaksja
Extreme sensitivity to a substance such as a foreign protein or drug.

anaptyxis /ˌænəpˈtɪksɪs/ anaptyxes n
epenteza
(phonetics) The epenthesis (insertion) of a vowel.

anarchic /ænˈɑɹ.kɪk/ /ænˈɑː.kɪk/ /əˈnɑɹ.kɪk/ /əˈnɑː.kɪk/ more anarchic most anarchic adj
anarchiczny
Relating to, supporting, or likely to cause anarchy.
Chaotic, without law or order.

anarchically more anarchically most anarchically adv
anarchicznie
In an anarchic manner; in the manner of anarchy.

anarchism /ˈanəkɪz(ə)m/ /ˈænəɹˌkɪzəm/ /ˈæˌnɑɹˌkɪzəm/ anarchisms n
anarchizm
A political and philosophical belief that all forms of involuntary rule or government are undesirable, unnecessary, or unethical, and as such that society would function without a state.
A belief that proposes the abolition of hierarchy and authority in most forms.

anarchist /ˈæn.ɑɹ.kɪst/ /ˈæn.ə.kɪst/ anarchists n
anarchista anarchistka
One who believes in or advocates the absence of hierarchy and authority in most forms (compare anarchism), especially one who works toward the realization of such.

anarchistic /ˌanəˈkɪstɪk/ /ˌænəɹˈkɪstɪk/ more anarchistic most anarchistic adj
anarchistyczny
Of or relating to anarchism or anarchy.

anarchistically more anarchistically most anarchistically adv
anarchistycznie
In an anarchistic manner.

anarchization anarchizations n
anarchizacja

anarchize v
anarchizować zanarchizować
To convert to a state of anarchy.

anarcho- prefix
anarcho-
Anarchy; anarchism.

anarcho-capitalism n
anarchokapitalizm
(politics, economics) A political and economic philosophy that advocates the elimination of the state and other coercive institutions in favour of individual self-ownership and free market.

anarcho-collectivism n
anarchokolektywizm

anarcho-communism n
anarchokomunizm
(politics, economics) A form of anarchism advocating the abolition of the state and capitalism in favor of a horizontal network of voluntary associations through which people would satisfy their needs.

anarcho-communist adj
anarchokomunistyczny
(politics, economics) Of, supporting, relating to, or advocating anarcho-communism.

anarcho-syndicalism n
anarchosyndykalizm
A branch or field of anarchism that focuses on the abolition of capitalism through the organization of revolutionary worker syndicates.

anarcho-syndicalist adj
anarchosyndykalistyczny
Of, supporting, relating to, or advocating anarcho-syndicalism.

anarcho-syndicalist anarcho-syndicalists n
anarchosyndykalista
A person who advocates anarcho-syndicalism.

anarchy /ˈæn.ɑɹ.ki/ /ˈæn.ə.ki/ [ˈɛən.ɑɹ.ki] anarchies n
anarchia bezprawie bezrząd swawola
(countable) A chaotic and confusing absence of any form of political authority or government.

anarchy symbol anarchy symbols n
anarchia

anarthria n
anartria
(neurology, neuropsychology) A speech impairment in which the ability to articulate is lost completely.

anastasis anastases n
zmartwychwstanie
(Christianity) resurrection, especially the resurrection of Jesus Christ

anastatic more anastatic most anastatic adj
anastatyczny
(printing, historical) Of or relating to a printing process in which copies of drawings are printed from facsimiles produced in relief on zinc plates.

anastigmat anastigmats n
anastygmat

anastomosis /ənæstəˈməʊsɪs/ anastomoses n
anastomoza
An interconnection between any two channels, passages or vessels.
(surgery) The surgical creation of a connecting passage between blood vessels, bowels or other channels.

anastrophe anastrophes n
inwersja metateza przekładnia przestawnia szyk przestawny
(rhetoric) Unusual word order, often involving an inversion of the usual pattern of the sentence.

anastrophic more anastrophic most anastrophic adj
przekładniowy
(rhetoric) Of or relating to an anastrophe; having an unusual word order.

anastylosis n
anastyloza
(archaeology) The reassembly of ruined monuments or other artifacts from remaining fragments in an archeologically responsible way (with use of modern materials when needed).

anatase /ˈænəˌteɪs/ /ˈænəˌteɪz/ anatases n
anataz
(mineral) A blue or brown mineral, a form of titanium dioxide, used as a pigment. [from 1802]

anathema /əˈnæθəmə/ anathemas anathemata n
anatema
(ecclesiastical, historical) A ban or curse pronounced with religious solemnity by ecclesiastical authority, often accompanied by excommunication; something denounced as accursed. [from early 17th c.]
przekleństwo
(literary) An imprecation; a curse; a malediction.

anatomical /æn.ə.ˈtɒm.ɪ.kəl/ /æn.ə.ˈtɔm.ɪ.kəl/ /æn.əˈtɑ.mɪ.kəl/ adj
anatomiczny
Of or relating to anatomy or dissection.

anatomical snuffbox anatomical snuffboxes n
tabakierka anatomiczna
(anatomy) A triangular deepening on the radial, dorsal aspect of the hand, bounded by extensor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis.

anatomically adv
anatomicznie
Pertaining to the anatomy.

anatomist /əˈnæt.ə.mɪst/ anatomists n
anatom
One who studies, teaches, writes on, or does research on anatomy and anatomical structures.

anatomopathological adj
anatomopatologiczny

anatomopathologist anatomopathologists n
anatomopatolog

anatomopathology n
anatomia patologiczna

anatomy /əˈnæt.ə.mi/ anatomies n
anatomia
The art of studying the different parts of any organized body, to discover their situation, structure, and economy.

anatoxin anatoxins n
anatoksyna
A bacterial toxin (usually an exotoxin) whose toxicity has been weakened or suppressed

ancestor /ˈæn.sɛs.tə/ /ˈæn.sɛs.tɚ/ ancestors n
przodek antenat antenatka wstępny
One from whom a person is descended, whether on the father's or mother's side, at any distance of time; a progenitor; a forefather.

ancestral /ænˈsɛs.təɹ.əl/ /ænˈsɛs.tɹəl/ adj
ancestralny antenacki
Of, pertaining to, derived from, or possessed by, an ancestor or ancestors

ancestress /ˈæn.sɛs.tɹəs/ /ˈæn.sɛs.tɹɪs/ ancestresses n
antenatka przodkini
A female ancestor.

ancestry /ˈæn.sɛs.tɹi/ ancestries n
pochodzenie
birth to a noble or high-ranking family, or to someone of honorable descent.
przodkowie
A series of ancestors; the people from whom one is descended

anchor /ˈæŋ.kə/ /ˈæŋ.kɚ/ anchors n
kotwica
(nautical) A tool used to moor a vessel to the bottom of a sea or river to resist movement.
spiker spikerka
(television) An anchorman or anchorwoman.

anchor /ˈæŋ.kə/ /ˈæŋ.kɚ/ v
zakotwiczyć
To connect an object, especially a ship or a boat, to a fixed point.

anchorage /ˈæŋkəɹɪd͡ʒ/ anchorages n
kotwicowisko
(nautical) A fee charged for anchoring.
The act of anchoring, or the condition of lying at anchor.

anchoretically adv
pustelniczo samotniczo

anchoretism n
anachoretyzm

anchorite anchorites n
anachoreta
One who lives in isolation or seclusion, especially for religious reasons; hermit.

anchorless adj
bez kotwicy

anchorlessness n
cecha tego, co jest bez kotwicy

anchorman anchormen n
gospodarz prezenter prowadzący
(television, radio) The main host of a television or radio program, particularly one relating to the broadcast of news.
(athletics) The most reliable runner in a relay team, usually the one that runs last.
kotwicowy
(nautical) The person on a ship in charge of the anchor. [10th or 11th century]

anchorwoman anchorwomen n
prezenterka prowadząca
A female anchorperson.

anchovy /ænˈt͡ʃoʊ.vi/ /ænˈt͡ʃəʊ.vi/ /ˈæn.t͡ʃə.vi/ /ˈæn.t͡ʃəʊ.vi/ anchovies n
sardela anchois
Any small saltwater fish of the Engraulidae family, consisting of 160 species in 16 genera, of which the genus Engraulis is widely sold as food.

ancient /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/ ancienter ancientest more ancient most ancient adj
starożytny antyczny starodawny
Having lasted from a remote period; having been of long duration; of great age, very old.
pradawny
Existent or occurring in time long past, usually in remote ages; belonging to or associated with antiquity; old, as opposed to modern.

ancient history n
historia starożytna
A period of history generally seen as occurring before the Middle Ages, that is, before the fall of the Roman Empire. Includes Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome.
stara historia
(idiomatic) That which happened a long time ago and not worth discussing any more.

ancient monument ancient monuments n
zabytek
an old or ancient building or other structure, or a site of historical interest that is usually looked after by an official organization.

ancientness ancientnesses n
antyczność nienowoczesność przestarzałość staroświeckość starożytność
The state or quality of being ancient.

ancillary /ænˈsɪl.ə.ɹi/ /ˈæns.əˌlɛɹ.iː/ more ancillary most ancillary adj
akcesoryczny podporządkowany podrzędny pomocniczy
Subordinate; secondary; auxiliary.

ancillary /ænˈsɪl.ə.ɹi/ /ˈæns.əˌlɛɹ.iː/ ancillaries n
pomoce pomocnik środek
Something that serves an ancillary function, such as an easel for a painter.
pomocnik
(archaic) An auxiliary.

anconeus anconei n
mięsień łokciowy
(muscle) A muscle of the elbow and forearm.

ancylostoma ancylostomas n
tęgoryjec
Any hookworm of the genus Ancylostoma.

and /n̩/ /n̩d/ /æn/ /ænd/ /ən/ /ənd/ /ɛn/ /ɛnd/ conjunction
i a
(now, colloquial, or, literary) Used to connect more than two elements together in a chain, sometimes to stress the number of elements.
i oraz tudzież
Used to connect certain numbers: connecting units when they precede tens (not dated); connecting tens and units to hundreds, thousands etc. (now often omitted in US); to connect fractions to wholes. [from 10th c.]

and change phraseologicalUnit
pi razy drzwi z groszami z hakiem
(idiomatic) and some quantity, but less than the increment to the next round number.

and how /ˈænd ˈhaʊ/ phraseologicalUnit
i to bardzo i to jaki jeszcze jak
(idiomatic) Used to strongly confirm the preceding utterance.

and so forth phraseologicalUnit
i tak dalej itd. itp.
(idiomatic) Indicates that a list continues in a similar manner.

and that phraseologicalUnit
i tym podobne
(informal) And everything related to that; and so on; etc.

and the like phraseologicalUnit
i tym podobne
(idiomatic, informal) And other similar items; et cetera.

and then some phraseologicalUnit
a nawet więcej
(idiomatic, colloquial) Used to confirm preceding utterance, while implying that what was said or asked is an understatement

and/or /ˈændɔː(ɹ)/ conjunction
i/lub
Joins two alternatives to mean either or both; indicates that inclusive or is meant where or alone might be taken to mean exclusive or.

andalusite andalusites n
andaluzyt
(mineral) An aluminium nesosilicate mineral, Al2SiO5.

andesine andesines n
andezyn
(mineral) Sodium calcium aluminum silicate, (Na_xCa_xAlSi_3O_8), a plagioclase feldspar, the third member of the albite-anorthite solid solution series. Found in fine-grained andesite lavas; crystals are rarely seen.

andesite /ˈæn.dəˌsaɪt/ /ˈæn.dɪˌsaɪt/ andesites n
andezyt
(geology) Any of a class of fine-grained intermediate igneous rock, of volcanic origin, containing mostly plagioclase feldspar.

andesitic more andesitic most andesitic adj
andezytowy
(geology) Pertaining to, or composed of andesite

andiron /ˈændaɪə(ɹ)n/ andirons n
kozioł
(usually, in plural) A utensil for supporting wood when burning in a fireplace, one being placed on each side

andradite andradites n
andradyt
A nesosilicate mineral of the garnet group with chemical formula Ca3Fe2Si3O12.

andragogy /ˈan.dɹə.ɡɒ.dʒi/ /ˈan.dɹə.ɡɒ.ɡi/ n
andragogika
The methods or techniques used to teach adults; adult education. [from 20th c.]

andragologist andragologists n
andragog

andro- /ændɹoʊ-/ prefix
andro-
human
man, male

androcephalous adj
androkefaliczny
Having a human head (upon an animal's body), like the Egyptian sphinx.

androgen androgens n
androgen
(steroid hormone) Any natural or synthetic compound, usually a steroid hormone, that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates. A male sex hormone such as testosterone or anabolic steroids.

androgenic more androgenic most androgenic adj
androgeniczny androgenny
(steroid) Of, relating to, or being an androgen.

androgyne /ˈæn.dɹə.d͡ʒaɪn/ androgynes n
androgyne
A person who is androgynous. [from mid-16th c.]

androgynous /ænˈdɹɑd͡ʒ.ən.əs/ /ænˈdɹɒd͡ʒ.ɪn.əs/ more androgynous most androgynous adj
androginiczny androgyniczny
Possessing qualities of both sexes.

androgynousness n
androginiczność
The quality of being androgynous.

androgyny /ænˈdɹɑd͡ʒəni/ /ænˈdɹɒdʒəni/ androgynies n
androginia
Hermaphroditism.

android /ˈænˌdɹɔɪd/ androids n
android
A robot that is designed to look and act like a human being (not necessarily a male one).

andrological adj
andrologiczny
Relating to andrology.

andrologist andrologists n
androlog
(medicine) A person who studies andrology.

andrology n
andrologia
(medicine) The branch of medicine concerned with male diseases, especially those affecting the male reproductive system.

andropause n
andropauza męskie klimakterium
(medicine, endocrinology) The male equivalent of the menopause in women; characterized by a decline in libido and overall energy.

androphobia n
androfobia
Fear of or aversion to men or boys.

androsterone androsterones n
androsteron
(steroid hormone) An androgenic hormone, excreted in the urine, somewhat less active than testosterone.

anecdotal /ˌænɪkˈdoʊtl̩/ more anecdotal most anecdotal adj
anegdociarski anegdotyczny
Of the nature of or relating to an anecdote.

anecdotalism n
anegdociarstwo
A predisposition to relate anecdotes.

anecdotality n
anegdotyczność

anecdotally more anecdotally most anecdotally adv
anegdotycznie
In an anecdotal manner; by means of a recounted incident.

anecdote /ˈæ.nɪk.doʊt/ anecdotes n
anegdota
An account which supports an argument, but which is not supported by scientific or statistical analysis.
A previously untold secret account of an incident.

anecdotist anecdotists n
anegdociarz
One who relates anecdotes.

anechoic /æn.ɛ.ˈ koʊ.ɪk/ /æn.ɛ.ˈ kəʊ.ɪk/ more anechoic most anechoic adj
bezechowy bezodbiciowy
(acoustics) Lacking echoes; that absorbs sound.

anecumene n
anekumena
All the uninhabited parts of the world

anemia /əˈnimi.ə/ anemiae anemias anemiæ n
anemia niedokrwistość
(American spelling, uncountable, pathology) A medical condition in which the capacity of the blood to transport oxygen to the tissues is reduced, either because of too few red blood cells, or because of too little hemoglobin, resulting in pallor and fatigue.

anemic /ʌˈni.mɪk/ more anemic most anemic adj
anemiczny
Of, pertaining to, or suffering from anemia.
(by extension) Weak; listless; lacking power, vigor, vitality, or colorfulness.

anemic /ʌˈni.mɪk/ anemics n
anemiczka anemik

anemically more anemically most anemically adv
anemicznie
In an anemic manner.

anemization anemizations n
anemizacja

anemo- prefix
anemo-
wind

anemochore /əˈniːm.əʊˌkɔː/ /əˈnɛm.əˌkoɹ/ anemochores n
anemochor

anemochorous adj
anemochoryczny wiatrosiewny
(botany) Adapted for dispersal via wind.

anemochory n
anemochoria wiatrosiewność
(botany) The dispersal of seeds, spores, or fruit by wind.

anemograph anemographs n
anemograf
(obsolete, or, historical) An anemometer that makes a graphical recording.

anemometer /ænɪˈmɑmətɚ/ /ænɪˈmɒmətə/ /ænɪˈmɒmɪtə/ anemometers n
anemometr wiatromierz
(meteorology) An instrument for measuring and recording the speed of the wind, a windmeter.

anemometry anemometries n
anemometria
Measurement of the direction and velocity of the wind.

anemone /əˈnɛm.ə.ni/ /əˈnɛn.ə.mi/ anemones n
zawilec anemon
Any plant of the genus Anemone, of the Ranunculaceae (or buttercup) family, such as the windflower.

anemophilous adj
anemogamiczny wiatropylny
(botany) Pollinated by the wind.

anemophily n
anemogamia wiatropylność
(botany) A form of pollination whereby pollen is distributed by wind.

anemoscope anemoscopes n
anemoskop wiatrowskaz
An instrument that shows the direction of the wind; a wind vane; a weathercock; usually applied to a contrivance consisting of a vane above, connected in the building with a dial or index with pointers to show the changes of the wind.

anencephalic adj
anencefaliczny
Of, pertaining to, or exhibiting anencephaly.

anencephaly /ænɪnˈsɛfəlɪ/ anencephalies n
anencefalia bezmózgowie
A lethal birth defect in which most of the brain and parts of the skull are missing; absence of the encephalon.

anepigraph /anˈɛpɪɡɹaf/ /anˈɛpɪɡɹɑːf/ anepigraphs n
anepigraf
A work with no (known) title; an anepigraphous work.

anergy anergies n
anergia
(pathology) Deficiency of energy.
(immunology) Lack of immunity to an antigen.

aneroid barometer aneroid barometers n
aneroid
A barometer in which variations in pressure are measured using a partially evacuated capsule whose sides move in and out.

anesthesia /ˌæn.əsˈti.ʒə/ /ˌæn.əsˈθi.ʒə/ /ˌæn.əsˈθiːz.i.ə/ anesthesias n
znieczulenie anestezja
(medicine, American spelling, Canadian spelling) An artificial method of preventing sensation, used to eliminate pain without causing loss of vital functions, by the administration of one or more agents which block pain impulses before transmitted to the brain.

anesthesiological adj
anestezjologiczny
Of or relating to anesthesiology.

anesthesiologist anesthesiologists n
anestetysta anestezjolog
(American spelling, Canadian spelling) A physician who specializes in anesthesiology and administers anesthesia.

anesthesiology n
anestetyka anestezjologia
(American spelling, Canadian spelling) The science of administering anesthetics.

anesthetic /ˌænəsˈtɛtɪk/ /ˌænəsˈθɛtɪk/ more anesthetic most anesthetic adj
anestetyczny anestezyjny
Causing anesthesia; reducing pain sensitivity.

anesthetic /ˌænəsˈtɛtɪk/ /ˌænəsˈθɛtɪk/ anesthetics n
anestetyk narkoza znieczulenie
(American spelling, medicine) A substance administered to reduce the perception of pain or to induce numbness for surgery and may render the recipient unconscious.

anethical adj
aetyczny

aneuploid aneuploids n
aneuploid

aneuploidy aneuploidies n
aneuploidia
(genetics) The condition of being aneuploid; the state of possessing a chromosome number that is not an exact multiple of the haploid number of the organism in question.

aneurysm /ˈan.jʊɹ.ɪz.əm/ /ˈæn.jəɹ.ɪz.əm/ aneurysms n
tętniak aneuryzma anewryzm
(pathology) An abnormal blood-filled swelling of an artery or vein, resulting from a localized weakness in the wall of the vessel.

anew /əˈnjuː/ /əˈnu/ adv
ponownie na nowo znowu znów od nowa
(literary, poetic, _, or, _, formal) Again, once more; afresh, in a new way, newly.

angel /ˈeɪn.d͡ʒəl/ /ˈeɪn.d͡ʒɛl/ /ˈæn.d͡ʒəl/ angels n
anioł
An incorporeal and sometimes divine messenger from a deity, or other divine entity, often depicted in art as a youthful winged figure in flowing robes.
(Abrahamic tradition) One of the lowest order of such beings, below virtues.
A person having the qualities attributed to angels, such as purity or selflessness.

angel investor angel investors n
anioł biznesu
(business) An investor to a start-up, especially one who invests very early or during the company's initial forming.

angel shark angel sharks n
anioł morski raszpla
A member of the unusual genus Squatina of sharks with flattened bodies and broad pectoral fins resembling skates or rays. There are approximately 16 known species, which are the only members of their taxonomic genus, family and order. They occur worldwide in temperate and tropical seas.

angel wings n
chrust chruścik faworek
A sweet, crisp pastry in the form of twisted ribbons dusted with confectioner's sugar.

angelfish angelfish angelfishes n
skalar
A freshwater fish, tropical cichlids of the genus Pterophyllum.

angelhood angelhoods n
anielskość anielstwo

angelic /ænˈd͡ʒɛlɪk/ more angelic most angelic adj
anielski angeliczny
Belonging to, or proceeding from, angels; resembling, characteristic of, or partaking of the nature of, an angel.

angelica angelicas n
dzięgiel
A tall plant, with hollow stems, genus Angelica, especially garden angelica (Angelica archangelica).

angelically /ænˈd͡ʒɛlɪkli/ more angelically most angelically adv
anielsko
In an angelic manner.

angelicness n
anielskość anielstwo
The state or quality of being angelic

angelless adj
bez anioła

angellike more angellike most angellike adj
aniołkowaty

angelological adj
angelologiczny

angelology angelologies n
angelologia angeologia
The study of angels. Angels have been grouped into nine categories or “choirs,” from lowest to highest: angel, virtue, archangel, power, principality, dominion, throne, cherub, and seraph.

angelophany angelophanies n
angelofania
The appearance of an angel to a human being.

anger /ˈæŋɡə(ɹ)/ /ˈæŋɡɚ/ angers n
gniew złość wkurw
A strong feeling of displeasure, hostility, or antagonism towards someone or something, usually combined with an urge to harm, often stemming from perceived provocation, hurt, or threat.

anger /ˈæŋɡə(ɹ)/ /ˈæŋɡɚ/ v
złościć
(transitive) To cause such a feeling of antagonism in.
gniewać się złościć się
(intransitive) To become angry.

angerless adj
bezgniewny

angina pectoris /ænˈdʒaɪnə ˈpɛktəˌɹɪs/ /ˈændʒɪnə ˈpɛktəˌɹɪs/ n
dusznica bolesna dławica piersiowa
(cardiology, disease) Intermittent crushing chest pain caused by reversible myocardial ischemia.

angio- prefix
angio-
vessel#Noun; relating to blood vessels, lymph vessels, or both.

angiocardiography n
angiokardiografia
(medicine) A technique for radiographic examination of the heart chambers and thoracic vessels wherein a liquid radiocontrast agent is injected into the bloodstream, then the tissues are examined using X-rays.

angioedema /ˌænd͡ʒiəʊ.ɪˈdiːmə/ angioedemas n
obrzęk naczynioruchowy
(pathology) Swelling of the lower layers of the skin, often around the mouth, or of the mucosa or submucosa of the mouth or throat which can appear quickly in response to an allergen or due to other conditions

angiography angiographies n
angiografia arteriografia
(medicine) A medical imaging technique in which an X-ray image is taken to visualize the inside of blood vessels and organs of the body, with particular interest in the arteries, veins and the heart chambers.

angiology n
angiologia
The branch of anatomy dealing with blood vessels and lymphatics.

angioplasty /ˈæn.d͡ʒi.əʊ.plæs.ti/ angioplasties n
angioplastyka balonikowanie
(surgery) The mechanical widening of a narrowed or totally obstructed blood vessel generally caused by atheroma.

angiosperm /ˈæn.d͡ʒi.əˌspɝm/ angiosperms n
nagonasienny
(botany) Any plant of the clade Angiosperms, characterized by having ovules enclosed in an ovary; a flowering plant.

angiostenosis angiostenoses n
angiostenoza

angiotensin /ænd͡ʒɪəʊˈtɛnsɪn/ angiotensins n
angiotensyna
(hormone) Any of several polypeptides that narrow blood vessels and thus regulate arterial pressure.

angle /ˈæŋ.ɡəl/ angles n
kąt
(geometry) A figure formed by two rays which start from a common point (a plane angle) or by three planes that intersect (a solid angle).
kąt miara kąta
(geometry) The measure of such a figure. In the case of a plane angle, this is the ratio (or proportional to the ratio) of the arc length to the radius of a section of a circle cut by the two rays, centered at their common point. In the case of a solid angle, this is the ratio of the surface area to the square of the radius of the section of a sphere.
kąt róg węgieł winkiel
A corner where two walls intersect.
kąt punkt widzenia
A viewpoint; a way of looking at something.

angle iron angle irons n
winkiel
A length of iron or steel, having an L-shaped cross section, used as a structural support

angle of attack angles of attack n
kąt natarcia
(aeronautics) The angle between the chord line of an airfoil and the airflow over it; one of the determiners of the amount of lift produced by an airfoil.

angler /ˈæŋ.ɡlə(ɹ)/ /ˈæŋ.ɡlɚ/ anglers n
wędkarz
A person who fishes with a hook and line.

anglerfish /ˈæŋɡləˌfɪʃ/ /ˈæŋɡlɚˌfɪʃ/ anglerfish anglerfishes n
diabeł morski żabnica
Any fish of the bony fish order Lophiiformes, which have an outgrowth they wiggle to lure and catch their prey.

anglesite anglesites n
anglezyt
(mineral) A crystalline mineral form of lead sulfate, PbSO4, formed by the weathering of galena.

anglicise /ˈæŋɡlɪsaɪz/ v
angielszczyć anglizować zanglizować
(transitive) To make English, as to customs, culture, pronunciation, spelling, or style.
angielszczyć się anglizować się zanglizować się
(intransitive) To become English.

anglicism /ˈæŋɡləˌsɪzəm/ anglicisms n
anglicyzm
An Englishism: a word or other feature originating in the English language that has been borrowed by another language.

angling anglings n
wędkarstwo
A form of fishing, with a rod, line and angle (hook) for recreation or sport.

angora /æŋˈɡɔːɹə/ angoras n
królik angorski
A rabbit belonging to the Angora rabbit breed, one of the oldest domestic breeds of rabbits in the world, raised chiefly in Europe for its silky and long hair (a subspecies of the European rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus).

angostura angosturas n
angostura
A South American tree, with bark used in tradition medicine and as an ingredient in various bitters (but not Angostura bitters), Angostura trifoliata.

angry /ˈæŋ.ɡɹi/ angrier angriest more angry most angry adj
zły rozgniewany
Displaying or feeling anger.

angstrom /ˈæŋstɹəm/ /ˈæŋstɹʌm/ /ˈɔŋstɹəm/ angstroms n
angstrem
(physics) A unit of length equal to 10−10 meters (that is, one ten-billionth of a meter), approximately the size of an atom, and denoted by the symbol Å, used especially to measure the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation or distances between atoms.

anguish /ˈæŋ.ɡwɪʃ/ anguishes n
cierpienie
Extreme pain, either of body or mind; excruciating distress.

angular /-lɑɹ/ /ˈæŋ.ɡju.lɚ/ more angular most angular adj
kanciasty
Having an angle or angles; forming an angle or corner.

angular velocity angular velocities n
prędkość kątowa
(mathematics, physics) The angle turned, per unit time, by a body rotating about an axis; the rate of rotation through an angle.

anhedonia /ˌan.hɪˈdəʊ.nɪə/ /ˌæn.hiˈdoʊ.ni.ə/ anhedonias n
anhedonia
(symptom, psychiatry) The inability to feel pleasure from activities usually found enjoyable, such as exercise, hobbies, music, sexual activities or social interactions.

anhydride anhydrides n
bezwodnik
(chemistry) Any compound formally derived from another (or from others) by the loss of a water molecule, especially acid anhydrides.

anhydrous more anhydrous most anhydrous adj
bezwodny
Having little or no water.
(chemistry) Having no water of crystallization.

ani /ˈɑː.ni/ anis n
kleszczojad
Any bird of the genus Crotophaga in the cuckoo family.

aniline anilines n
anilina aminobenzen
(organic compound) The simplest aromatic amine, C6H5NH2, synthesized by the reduction of nitrobenzene; it is a colourless oily basic poisonous liquid used in the manufacture of dyes and pharmaceuticals.

anilinic adj
anilinowy

animal /ˈæn.ə.məl/ /ˈæn.ɪ.məl/ adj
zwierzęcy zwierzę
Of or relating to animals.

animal /ˈæn.ə.məl/ /ˈæn.ɪ.məl/ animals n
zwierzę
(science) Any eukaryote of the clade Animalia; a multicellular organism that is usually mobile, whose cells are not encased in a rigid cell wall (distinguishing it from plants and fungi) and which derives energy solely from the consumption of other organisms (distinguishing it from plants).
(loosely) Any member of the kingdom Animalia other than a human.
zwierzę bestia
(figuratively) A person who behaves wildly; a bestial, brutal, brutish, cruel, or inhuman person.

animal magnetism n
magnetyzm zwierzęcy
(mesmerism) A magnetic fluid or ethereal medium said to reside in the bodies of animate beings.

animal rights n
prawa zwierząt
Certain fundamental rights that animals are entitled to, such as the right to be spared undue suffering.

animal-like more animal-like most animal-like adj
animalny zwierzęcy
Resembling an animal.

animalist animalists n
animalista animalistka
(art) A painter or sculptor whose primary subject is animals.

animalistic more animalistic most animalistic adj
animalny zwierzęcy
In the manner of and/or resembling an animal; Synonym: animal-like
animalistyczny
Of or pertaining to animalism.

animalistically more animalistically most animalistically adv
animalnie zwierzęco

animality animalities n
zwierzęcość animalizm
Any characteristic of animality.

animalize v
animalizować
To represent in the form of an animal.

animate /ˈæn.ə.meɪt/ /ˈæn.ə.mət/ /ˈæn.ɪ.meɪt/ /ˈæn.ɪ.mət/ more animate most animate adj
żywy
That which lives.
żywotny
(grammar) Inflected to agree with an animate noun or pronoun.

animate /ˈæn.ə.meɪt/ /ˈæn.ə.mət/ /ˈæn.ɪ.meɪt/ /ˈæn.ɪ.mət/ v
animować
(transitive) To impart motion or the appearance of motion to.
(transitive) To give spirit or vigour to; to stimulate or enliven; to inspirit.

animated cartoon animated cartoons n
film rysunkowy animacja film animowany
Any of several types of film / movie, the frames of which are drawn by hand in order to give a sense of movement when projected in rapid sequence.

animation /æn.əˈmeɪ.ʃən/ animations n
animacja
(animation, in the sense of a cartoon) A sequence of still drawings or inanimate objects displayed in rapid succession to create the illusion of movement in motion pictures or computer graphics; the object (film, computer game, etc.) produced
(linguistics) conversion from the inanimate to animate grammatical category

animational adj
animacyjny

animator /ˈænɪˌmeɪtə(ɹ)/ animators n
animator animatorka
One who animates something; one who brings something to life or the appearance of life.
One who creates an animation or cartoon; a cartoonist.

anime /ˈæn.ɪ.meɪ/ /ˈæn.ɪ.mə/ anime animes n
anime
(uncountable) An artistic style originating in, and associated with, Japanese animation, and that has also been adopted by a comparatively low number of animated works from other countries.
(countable) An animated work that originated in Japan, regardless of the artistic style.

animism /ˈænɪmɪzəm/ animisms n
animizm
A belief that spirits inhabit some or all classes of natural objects or phenomena.

animist animists n
animista animistka
A believer in animism.

animistic more animistic most animistic adj
animistyczny
Of or pertaining to animism.

animistically more animistically most animistically adv
animistycznie
In an animist manner; in a manner that is of or pertaining to animism.

animosity /æn.əˈmɑs.ɪ.ti/ animosities n
animozja wrogość ansa
Violent hatred leading to active opposition; active enmity; energetic dislike.

anion /ˈænˌaɪ.ɑn/ /ˈænˌaɪ.ɒn/ /ˈænˌaɪ.ən/ anions n
anion
A negatively charged ion.

anionic more anionic most anionic adj
anionowy
(chemistry) Of or pertaining to an anion.

anionite anionites n
anionit

anise /æˈnis/ /əˈnis/ /əˈniːz/ /ˈæn.ɪs/ anises n
anyż anise
An umbelliferous plant (Pimpinella anisum) growing naturally in Egypt, and cultivated in Spain, Malta, etc., for its carminative and aromatic seeds, which are used as a spice. It has a licorice scent.

aniseed /ˈæ.nɪ.sid/ aniseeds n
anyż anyżek
(countable, and, uncountable) The seed-like fruit of the anise, used in baking and in the flavouring of liqueurs such as ouzo.

anisocoria /-ˈkoʊɹ-/ /ænˌaɪsəˈkɔɹ i ə/ /ˌænaɪ-/ n
anizokoria
(pathology) A condition characterized by unequal size of the pupils of the eye.

anisogamete anisogametes n
anizogameta heterogameta

anisogamy /ænaɪˈsɒɡəmi/ n
anizogamia heterogamia
(cytology) Sexual reproduction involving the union or fusion of two dissimilar gametes.

anisotropic more anisotropic most anisotropic adj
anizotropowy
(physics, mathematics) Having properties that differ according to the direction of measurement; exhibiting anisotropy.

anisotropy anisotropies n
anizotropia
The property of being directionally dependent.

ankerite /ˈɑŋkɚˌaɪt/ ankerites n
ankeryt
(mineral) Any of a group of mixed carbonate minerals, principally of calcium with iron, magnesium and manganese.

ankh /æŋk/ /ɑŋk/ /ɑːŋk/ ankhs n
anch ankh
A cross shaped like a T with a loop at the top, the Egyptian hieroglyph representing the Egyptian triliteral ꜥnḫ and often used as an amulet or charm for this concept.

ankle /ˈæŋ.kəl/ ankles n
kostka
The skeletal joint which connects the foot with the leg; the uppermost portion of the foot and lowermost portion of the leg, which contain this skeletal joint.

anklebone /ˈaŋk(ə)lbəʊn/ anklebones n
kość skokowa
The bone of the ankle, forming the lower part of the ankle joint and joining with the tibia and fibula.

ankylosaurus /ˌæŋkəloʊˈsɔːrəs/ ankylosauri ankylosauruses n
ankylozaur
A large herbivorous dinosaur, of genus Ankylosaurus, that lived in the Cretaceous period, noted for its heavy armor and club-like tail.

ankylosis ankyloses n
ankiloza
(medicine) The stiffening of a joint as the result of such abnormal fusion.

anlaut /ˈan.laʊt/ anlauts n
nagłos
(linguistics) The first sound of a word (word-initial position) or syllable (syllable-initial position).

annabergite n
annabergit

annalist /ˈænəlɪst/ annalists n
annalista
A writer of annals; a chronicler; a historian.

annalistic more annalistic most annalistic adj
annalistowski annalistyczny

annals /ˈæn.əlz/ n
annały
Historical records; chronicles; history.

annate annates n
annaty
The first year's profits of a Catholic benefice, as traditionally paid directly to the Pope.

annelid annelids n
pierścienica
Any of various wormlike animals, of the phylum Annelida, having a segmented body; they include the earthworm and the leech.

annex /əˈnɛks/ /ˈænɛks/ annexes n
aneks
An addition, an extension.
An appendix to a book or document.
An addition or extension to a building.

annex /əˈnɛks/ /ˈænɛks/ v
anektować zaanektować
To add something to another thing, especially territory; to incorporate.

annexation annexations n
aneksja zabór
Addition or incorporation of something, or territories that have been annexed.

annexational more annexational most annexational adj
aneksyjny

annexationism n
aneksjonizm
The tendency or policy of annexing (appropriating) additional territories.

annexationist annexationists n
aneksjonista
An advocate of annexation

annexationistic more annexationistic most annexationistic adj
aneksjonistyczny
Of, or pertaining to annexationism

annihilate /əˈnaɪə.leɪt/ v
unicestwić anihilować unicestwiać
To reduce to nothing, to destroy, to eradicate.

annihilation /əˌnaɪ.əˈleɪ.ʃən/ annihilations n
zniszczenie niszczenie
The act of destroying or otherwise turning into nothing, or nonexistence.
anihilacja
The state of being annihilated.
(physics) The process of a particle and its corresponding antiparticle combining to produce energy.

annihilative more annihilative most annihilative adj
anihilacyjny
Serving to annihilate; radically destructive.

anniversary /ˌænəˈvɝs(ə)ɹi/ /ˌænɪˈvɜːs(ə)ɹi/ /ˌænɪˈvɝs(ə)ɹi/ anniversaries n
gody rocznica ślubu
(especially) Such a day that commemorates a wedding.
rocznica aniwersarz
A day that is an exact number of years (to the day) since a given significant event occurred. Often preceded by an ordinal number indicating the number of years.

annona annonas n
flaszowiec
custard apple (tree of the genus Annona and its fruit)

annotate /ˈanəteɪt/ v
adnotować
(transitive) To add annotation to.

annotated more annotated most annotated adj
adnotowany
Contains or is accompanied by annotations or labelled notes.

annotated bibliography annotated bibliographies n
bibliografia adnotowana bibliografia rozumowana

annotation /ˈænəteɪʃən/ annotations n
adnotacja dopisek
A comment added to a text.
adnotacja
(computing) Metadata added to a document or program.

annotative adj
adnotacyjny

announce /əˈnaʊn(t)s/ /əˈnaʊns/ /ˈæ.naʊns/ v
ogłaszać ogłosić oznajmiać oznajmić
(transitive) To give public notice of, especially for the first time; to make known.

announcement /əˈnaʊns.mɛnt/ announcements n
anons ogłoszenie uniwersał
An act of announcing, or giving notice.
anons awizacja obwieszczenie ogłoszenie
That which conveys what is announced.
anons
The content which is announced.

announcer /əˈnaʊnsə/ /əˈnaʊnsɚ/ announcers n
konferansjer konferansjerka spiker spikerka
One who makes announcements.

annoy /əˈnɔɪ/ v
irytować
(transitive) To disturb or irritate, especially by continued or repeated acts; to bother with unpleasant deeds.

annoyance /əˈnɔɪəns/ annoyances n
denerwowanie wnerwianie
(countable) An act or instance of annoying.
zdenerwowanie wnerwienie
(uncountable) The psychological state of being annoyed or irritated.

annoyed /əˈnɔɪd/ more annoyed most annoyed adj
drażliwy zirytowany
Troubled, irritated by something unwanted or unliked (an annoyance); vexed.

annoying /əˈnɔɪ.ɪŋ/ more annoying most annoying adj
irytujący
Causing irritation or annoyance; troublesome; vexatious.

annoying /əˈnɔɪ.ɪŋ/ v
drażliwy irytujący upierdliwy
causing irritation or annoyance; troublesome; vexatious

annual /ˈæn(j)ɪu̯.əl/ /ˈæn.ju.əl/ /ˈæn.jəl/ adj
roczny coroczny doroczny jednoroczny
Of, for, or relating to a whole year, often as a recurring cycle; determined or reckoned by the year; accumulating in the course of a year; performed, executed, or completed over the course of a year. See also circannual.

annual /ˈæn(j)ɪu̯.əl/ /ˈæn.ju.əl/ /ˈæn.jəl/ annuals n
rocznik
An annual publication; a book, periodical, journal, report, comic book, yearbook, etc., which is published serially once a year, which may or may not be in addition to regular weekly or monthly publication.

annual accounts n
roczne sprawozdania finansowe
(accounting) The complete accounting record for a fiscal year.

annually /ˈæn.ju.ə.li/ /ˈæn.jʊə.li/ adv
corocznie rokrocznie
Once every year without fail, yearly

annul /əˈnʌl/ v
anulować
(transitive) To formally revoke the validity of.
(transitive) To dissolve (a marital union) on the grounds that it is not valid.

annulment /əˈnʌl.mənt/ annulments n
abolicja anulowanie unieważnienie
An act or instance of annulling.
(legal) An invalidation of something, especially a legal contract.
skasowanie
(archaic) Total destruction.

annulus /-li/ /ˈænjəlaɪ/ /ˈænjələs/ /ˈænjʊlaɪ/ /ˈænjʊləs/ annuli annuluses n
pierścień kołowy
(botany) A structure surrounding a sporangium (or part of it) which shrinks and causes it to rupture for spore dispersal; specifically, in a fern: a structure around about two-thirds of the sporangium consisting of differentially thick-walled cells which dry and distort the sporangium; and in a moss: a complete ring of cells around the tip of the sporangium which dissolves to cause the tip to detach.
(geometry) The region in a plane between two concentric circles of different radii.
(topology) Any topological space homeomorphic to the region in a plane between two concentric circles of different radii.

anode /ˈæn.oʊd/ /ˈæn.əʊd/ anodes n
anoda
(electricity) An electrode, of a cell or other electrically polarized device, through which a positive current of electricity flows inwards (and thus, electrons flow outwards). It can have either a positive or a negative voltage with respect to cathode of the same polarized device (depending on whether the device is a load or a source, respectively).

anodic adj
anodowy
Relating to an anode.

anodization anodizations n
anodyzacja
The process of anodizing.

anodize v
anodować anodyzować
to coat the surface of a metal electrolytically with an oxide, either as protection or decoration

anodontia /æn.ə(ʊ)ˈdɒn.tɪ.ə/ /ˌæn.əˈdɑn.ʃi.ə/ /ˌæn.əˈdɑn.ʃə/ anodontias n
anodoncja bezzębie bezzębność
(dentistry, teratology) The congenital absence of some or all primary or permanent teeth, caused by a rare genetic disorder.

anodyne /ˈæn.ə.daɪn/ anodynes n
anodyna
(pharmaceutical drug) Any medicine or other agent that relieves pain.

anointed /ə.ˈnɔɪn.tɪd/ anointeds n
pomazaniec namaszczony
A person who has been anointed, especially for religious reasons.

anomalous /əˈnɑmələs/ /əˈnɒmələs/ /əˈnɔmələs/ more anomalous most anomalous adj
anomalny
Deviating from the normal; marked by incongruity or contradiction; aberrant or abnormal.

anomaly /əˈnɑ.mə.li/ /əˈnɒm.ə.lɪ/ /əˈnɔm.ə.lɪ/ anomalies n
anomalia nieprawidłowość
A deviation from a rule or from what is regarded as normal; an outlier.
(science) Any event or measurement that is out of the ordinary regardless of whether it is exceptional or not.
(dated) An irregularity or disproportion.
anomalia
(astronomy) Any of various angular distances.

anomie /a.noʊ̯.ˈmi/ /ˈæn.ə.mi/ anomies n
anomia
Alienation or social instability caused by erosion of standards and values.

anonym anonyms n
anonim
An anonymous person.

anonymity /ænəˈnɪmɪti/ anonymities n
anonimowość bezimienność anonimat
(uncountable) The quality or state of being anonymous. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

anonymization anonymizations n
anonimizacja
The act or process of making anonymous, of hiding or disguising identity.

anonymous /əˈnɑ.nə.məs/ /əˈnɒn.ə.məs/ /əˈnɔn.ə.məs/ more anonymous most anonymous adj
anonimowy bezimienny
(not comparable) Lacking a name; not named, for example an animal not assigned to any species.
(not comparable) Without any name acknowledged of a person responsible
(not comparable) Of unknown name; whose name is withheld
(comparable, figurative) Lacking individuality.

anonymously /əˈnɒnəməsli/ adv
anonimowo bezimiennie
In an anonymous manner; without a name.
In an anonymous manner; without individuality.

anorak /ˈænəɹæk/ anoraks n
anorak
A heavy weatherproof jacket with an attached hood; a parka or windcheater.

anorectic /ænəˈɹɛktɪk/ more anorectic most anorectic adj
anorektyczny
Characterised by a lack of appetite, especially as suffering from anorexia nervosa; anorexic.

anorectic /ænəˈɹɛktɪk/ anorectics n
anorektyczka anorektyk
A person suffering from anorexia nervosa; an anorexic.

anorexia /ænəˈɹɛksi.ə/ anorexias n
anoreksja jadłowstręt
Loss of appetite, especially as a result of disease.

anorexia nervosa n
anoreksja jadłowstręt psychiczny
An eating disorder characterized by self-starvation due to an irrational fear of gaining weight.

anorexic /ænəˈɹɛksɪk/ more anorexic most anorexic adj
anorektyczny
Pertaining to, or suffering from, anorexia nervosa.
(by extension) Thin, skinny, insubstantial.

anorexic /ænəˈɹɛksɪk/ anorexics n
anorektyczka anorektyk
Somebody suffering from anorexia nervosa.

anorexically /anəˈɹɛksɪk(ə)li/ more anorexically most anorexically adv
anorektycznie
Pertaining to loss of appetite or anorexia.

anorgasmia n
anorgazmia
(medicine) Failure to achieve orgasm.

anorogenic adj
anorogeniczny

anorthite anorthites n
anortyt
(mineral) A variety of plagioclase feldspar, the calcium endmember of that series.

anorthitic more anorthitic most anorthitic adj
anortytowy

anorthosite anorthosites n
anortozyt
(rock) A phaneritic, intrusive igneous rock characterized by a predominance of plagioclase feldspar.

anoscopy anoscopies n
anoskopia
(medicine) An examination using a small, rigid, tubular instrument called an anoscope which is inserted into the anal canal

anosmia /æˈnɑːzmiːə/ /æˈnɒzmiə/ anosmias n
anosmia bezwęch
Inability to smell; the inability to perceive odors.

anosognosia anosognosias n
anosognozja
The inability of a person to recognize his or her own illness or handicap.

another /æˈnʌð.ə(ɹ)/ /æˈnʌð.ɚ/ /əˈnʌð.ə(ɹ)/ /əˈnʌð.ɚ/ determiner
kolejny następny
One more/further, in addition to a former number; a second or additional one, similar in likeness or in effect.
inny
Not the same; different.
nikt inny
Any or some; any different person, indefinitely; anyone else; someone else.

another nail in someone's coffin phraseologicalUnit
gwóźdź do trumny
(idiomatic) An event that increases the likelihood of or causes further failure.

another story n
inna bajka
A radically different interpretation of a situation.
A different situation entirely.

anoxaemia anoxaemias n
anoksemia
(medicine) Critical lack of oxygen in blood; severe hypoxaemia.

anoxia /ænˈɑk.si.ə/ /ænˈɒk.sɪ.ə/ /æˈnɑk-/ /æˈnɒk-/ anoxias n
anoksja
(ecology, pathology) A condition in which a body tissue or an environment is severely or totally deprived of oxygen; severe hypoxia.

answer /ˈan.sə/ /ˈæn.sə/ /ˈæn.sɚ/ /ˈɑːn.sə/ [ˈeən.sə] [ˈeən.sɚ] [ˈeːnsə ~ ˈɛːnsə] [ˈɐːnsə] answers n
odpowiedź
A response or reply; something said or done in reaction to a statement or question.
A solution to a problem.
(legal) A document filed in response to a complaint, responding to each point raised in the complaint and raising counterpoints.

answer /ˈan.sə/ /ˈæn.sə/ /ˈæn.sɚ/ /ˈɑːn.sə/ [ˈeən.sə] [ˈeən.sɚ] [ˈeːnsə ~ ˈɛːnsə] [ˈɐːnsə] v
odpowiadać
(ambitransitive) To suit a need or purpose satisfactorily.
(legal) To file a document in response to a complaint.
odpowiedzieć
To correspond to; to be in harmony with; to be in agreement with.
odpowiadać odpowiedzieć
To be or act in conformity, or by way of accommodation, correspondence, relation, or proportion; to conform; to correspond; to suit; usually with to.
(obsolete) To be or act as an equivalent to, or as adequate or sufficient for; to serve for; to repay.

answer for v
odpowiadać odpowiedzieć
(ambitransitive) To be held responsible for; to take the blame for something.

answer to v
odpowiadać
To be accountable or responsible to; to account to; to report to.

answering machine answering machines n
automatyczna sekretarka sekretarka
A device that automatically records voice mail from unanswered telephone calls.

ant /ænt/ /ɑːnt/ /ɛnt/ [eənt] [ɛənt] [ɛːnt] ants n
mrówka
Any of various insects in the family Formicidae in the order Hymenoptera, typically living in large colonies composed almost entirely of flightless females.

anta /ˈæn.tə/ antae antas n
anta

antagonism /ænˈtæɡənɪzəm/ antagonisms n
antagonizm
A strong natural dislike or hatred; antipathy.

antagonist /ænˈtæɡənɪst/ antagonists n
antagonista antagonistka
An opponent or enemy.
One who antagonizes or stirs.
(authorship) The main character or force opposing the protagonist in a literary work or drama.
antagonista
(biochemistry) A chemical that binds to a receptor but does not produce a physiological response, blocking the action of agonist chemicals.
(anatomy) A muscle that acts in opposition to another.

antagonistic /æn.tæɡ.əˈnɪs.tɪk/ more antagonistic most antagonistic adj
antagonistyczny
Contending or acting against.

antagonistically more antagonistically most antagonistically adv
antagonistycznie
In an antagonistic manner.

antagonize v
antagonizować zantagonizować
(transitive) To work against; to oppose (especially to incite reaction)

antapex antapices n
antyapeks

antasthmatic adj
przeciwastmatyczny
(pharmaceutical effect) Relieving the symptoms of asthma.

ante- /ˌæn.tə/ /ˌæn.tɪ/ prefix
ante- przed-
(non-productive) Prior to in time.

anteater /ˈæntˌitɚ/ /ˈæntˌiːtə/ anteaters n
mrówkojad
Any of several animals of South and Central America, in suborder Vermilingua, which are noted for eating ants and termites which they catch with their long sticky tongues.

antebellum /ˌæn.tiˈbɛl.əm/ adj
przedwojenny
Of the time period prior to a war.

antecedent /ˌæntɪˈsiːdənt/ adj
uprzedni antecedentny
Earlier, either in time or in order.

antecedent /ˌæntɪˈsiːdənt/ antecedents n
antecedens
(logic) The conditional part of a hypothetical proposition, i.e. p \rightarrow q, where p is the antecedent, and q is the consequent.
(math) The first term of a ratio, i.e. the term a in the ratio a:b, the other being the consequent.
antecedencje antecedens anteriora
(mostly, in the plural) Previous principles, conduct, history, etc.

antechamber /ˈæn.tiˌt͡ʃeɪm.bə/ /ˈæn.tiˌt͡ʃeɪm.bɚ/ /ˈæn.tɪˌt͡ʃeɪm.bə/ antechambers n
przedpokój
A small room used as an entryway or reception area to a larger room.

antechinus antechinuses n
chutliwiec
Any member of any on of the species of the genus Antechinus, small carnivorous marsupials that resemble shrews.

anteclise anteclises n
antekliza

antedate /ˈæntiˌdeɪt/ v
antydatować antedatować
To assign a date to a document or action earlier than the actual date.

antediluvian /-tə-/ /ˌæn.ti.dəˈlu.vi.ən/ /ˌæn.tə(ˌ)daɪˈlu.vi.ən/ /ˌæn.tɪ.dɪˈluː.vɪ.ən/ [-ɾi-] [-ɾə-] more antediluvian most antediluvian adj
przedpotopowy
(biblical) Belonging or pertaining to, or existing in, the time prior to the great flood described in Genesis, or (by extension) to a great or destructive flood or deluge described in other mythologies.
Of attitudes, ideas, etc.: extremely old-fashioned, especially to a laughable extent; antiquated.
przedpotopowy pradziejowy
(by extension) Of animals and plants: long extinct; prehistoric.

antefix antefixes n
antefiks
(architecture) The vertical blocks which terminate the covering tiles of the roof of a Roman, Etruscan, or Greek temple.

antelope /ˈæn.tə.loʊp/ /ˈæn.tɪ.loʊp/ /ˈæn.tɪ.ləʊp/ antelope antelopes n
antylopa
Any of several African mammals of the family Bovidae distinguished by hollow horns, which, unlike deer, they do not shed.

antenna /ænˈtɛn.ə/ antennae antennas n
antena czułek
An apparatus to receive or transmit electromagnetic waves and convert respectively to or from an electrical signal.

antennaless adj
bez anteny

antependium /ˌæntɪˈpɛndi.əm/ antependia antependiums n
antepedium antependium frontale
(ecclesiastical) The hangings or screen in front of the altar; an altar cloth; the frontal.

anterior chamber anterior chambers n
komora przednia gałki ocznej
(anatomy, ophthalmology) A space inside the eye between the cornea and the iris, filled with aqueous humour.

anthelmintic /ænθɛlˈmɪntɪk/ more anthelmintic most anthelmintic adj
przeciwrobaczy
(pharmaceutical effect) Destructive to parasitic worms.

anthem /ˈæn.təm/ /ˈæn.θəm/ anthems n
hymn
A choral or vocal composition, often with a religious or political lyric.
A hymn of praise or loyalty.

anthemion anthemia anthemions n
antemion anthemion
An ornamental design consisting of palmettes or lotus flowers.

anther /ˈæn.θə/ /ˈæn.θɚ/ anthers n
pylnik
(botany) The pollen-bearing part of the stamen of a flower.

antheridium antheridia n
plemnia
(botany, mycology) An organ producing male gametes called antherozoids, found in some algae, ferns, and bryophytes.

anthill /ˈænt.hɪl/ anthills n
mrowisko
A cone-shaped structure built from sediment and other available materials by ants or white ants (termites), and beneath which the colony nests.

anthocyanic adj
antocyjanowy

anthocyanin /ˌænθəˈsaɪənɪn/ anthocyanins n
antocyjan antocyjanina
(botany, organic chemistry) Any of many water-soluble red to violet plant pigments related to the flavonoids (more noticeable in autumn after the chlorophyll decomposes)

anthodium anthodia n
koszyczek
(botany) The inflorescence of a compound flower in which many florets are gathered into an involucrate head.

anthological more anthological most anthological adj
antologiczny antologijny
Of or pertaining to anthology; consisting of extracts from different authors.

anthologist /ænˈθɒl.ə.dʒɪst/ anthologists n
antologista
a person who anthologizes

anthology /ænˈθɑləd͡ʒi/ /ænˈθɒlədʒi/ anthologies n
antologia
A collection of literary works, such as poems or short stories, especially a collection from various authors.

anthophyllite anthophyllites n
antofyllit
(mineral) A dark brown amphibole mineral; a mixed silicate of iron and magnesium.

anthracene anthracenes n
antracen
(organic compound) A tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (an acene containing three fused rings) obtained from coal tar; used in the manufacture of wood preservatives, insecticides and the dye alizarin; it is isomeric with phenanthrene.

anthracite /ˈænθɹəˌsaɪt/ anthracites n
antracyt
A form of carbonized ancient plants; the hardest and cleanest-burning of all the coals.
antracyt antracytowy
A dark grey colour.

anthracnose anthracnoses n
antraknoza
(plant disease) Any of several fungal diseases that affect many plants and trees.

anthraquinone /-ˈkwaɪnoʊn/ /ˌænθrəkwɪˈnoʊn/ anthraquinones n
antrachinon
(organic compound) A tricyclic quinone, derived from anthracene.

anthraquinonic adj
antrachinonowy

anthrax /ˈæn.θɹæks/ anthraxes n
wąglik antraks
(pathology) An acute infectious disease of herbivores, especially sheep and cattle, caused by Bacillus anthracis.

anthropo- /ænˈθɹɒpə-/ /ˈænθɹəpə-/ /ˌænθɹoʊpə-/ /ˌænθɹəpoʊ-/ /ˌænθɹəpə-/ /ˌænθɹəˈpɒ-/ prefix
antropo-
Forming words related to men or people.

anthropocentric more anthropocentric most anthropocentric adj
antropocentryczny
Placing humans at the center of something, giving preference to humans above all other considerations.

anthropocentrically more anthropocentrically most anthropocentrically adv
antropocentrycznie

anthropocentrism /ˌæn.θɹə.poʊˈsɛn.tɹɪz.m/ anthropocentrisms n
antropocentryzm
A viewpoint or theory that places human beings at the center of everything, giving preference to human beings above all other considerations.

anthropogenesis n
antropogeneza antropogenia
The origin of man.

anthropogenic /ˌæn θrə pəˈdʒɛn ɪk/ adj
antropogeniczny
Pertaining to the origin of man, or anthropogeny.
Having its origin in the influence of human activity on nature.

anthropogeny anthropogenies n
antropogeneza antropogenia
The study of human origins, human generation, or the origin and development of man.

anthropogeographer anthropogeographers n
antropogeograf
One who studies anthropogeography.

anthropogeographical adj
antropogeograficzny
(anthropology) Of or relating to anthropogeography.

anthropogeography n
antropogeografia
(anthropology) The study of the geographical distribution of humankind and the relationship between human beings and their environment

anthropography n
antropografia
The branch of anthropology that deals with the geographical distribution of the human race in its different divisions, as distinguished by physical character, language, institutions, and customs, in contradistinction to ethnography, which deals historically with the origin and filiation of races and nations.

anthropoid /ˈænθɹəpɔɪd/ more anthropoid most anthropoid adj
człekokształtny antropoidalny
having characteristics of a human, usually in terms of shape or appearance

anthropoid /ˈænθɹəpɔɪd/ anthropoids n
antropoid małpa człekokształtna
An anthropoid animal.

anthropolatry n
antropolatria
The worship of a human or humans.

anthropological /æn.θɹə.pə.ˈlɑd͡ʒikəl/ more anthropological most anthropological adj
antropologiczny
Relating to anthropology.

anthropologically more anthropologically most anthropologically adv
antropologicznie
In a manner which pertains to anthropology.

anthropologist /ˌæn.θɹoʊˈpɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/ /ˌæn.θɹəˈpɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/ anthropologists n
antropolog antropolożka
An expert in anthropology.

anthropology /ˌænθɹəˈpɑləd͡ʒi/ /ˌænθɹəˈpɒləd͡ʒi/ n
antropologia
The scientific study of humans, systematically describing the ethnographic, linguistic, archaeological, and evolutionary dimensions of humanity using a holistic methodological framework.

anthropometer anthropometers n
antropometr
A device used in anthropometry to measure parts of the body.

anthropometric adj
antropometryczny
of, or relating to anthropometry

anthropometrical adj
antropometryczny

anthropometry /ænθɹəˈpɒmɪtɹɪ/ anthropometries n
antropometria
The science of measuring the human body to ascertain the ranges and averages of dimensions of the human form, for various purposes including physical anthropology, epidemiology, the ergonomics of industrial design, and so on.

anthropomorphic /ænθɹɒpəˈmɔɹfɪk/ [ˌæ̃n̪θɹ̠əpʰəˈmɔɹ̠fɪ̈k] adj
antropomorficzny
(of animals, inanimate objects, and non-human entities) Having attributes or characteristics of a human being.

anthropomorphism /ˌænθɹəpəˈmɔɹfɪzəm/ anthropomorphisms n
antropomorfizm antropomorfizacja
The attribution of human characteristics and behavior to something not human. [from mid-18th c.]

anthropomorphist anthropomorphists n
antropomorfista
One who anthropomorphizes.
(religion) Someone who attributes the human form to God.

anthropomorphization /-faɪˈzeɪʃən/ /ˌænθrɒpəˌmɔːɹfəˈzeɪʃən/ anthropomorphizations n
antropomorfizacja antropomorfizm
attributing human characteristics to something that is nonhuman.

anthropomorphize /ˌanθrəpəˈmɔːfʌɪz/ v
antropomorfizować
(transitive) To attribute human-like characteristics to (something that is non-human).

anthroponym anthroponyms n
antroponim
The name of a person, especially a surname.

anthroponymous adj
antroponimiczny

anthroponymy /ænθɹəʊˈpɒnɪmɪ/ n
antroponimia
The study of personal names.

anthropophagy /ˌæn.θɹə.ˈpɒ.fə.d͡ʒi/ anthropophagies n
antropofagia kanibalizm ludożerstwo
The eating of human flesh; cannibalism.

anthropophobia n
antropofobia
A profound fear of human beings, or of human society.

anthropopressure n
antropopresja

anthroposcopy n
antroposkopia
A form of anthropology based upon visual observation of the physical characteristics of the human body.

anthroposophic /ˌænθɹəpəˈsɑfɪk/ /ˌænθɹəpəˈsɒfɪk/ more anthroposophic most anthroposophic adj
antropozoficzny
Of, or pertaining to anthroposophy.

anthroposophy /ˌænθɹəˈpɑsəfi/ /ˌænθɹəˈpɒsəfi/ n
antropozofia
A philosophy founded in the early 20th century by the esotericist Rudolf Steiner (also capitalized as Anthroposophy), postulating the existence of an objective, intellectually comprehensible spiritual world accessible to direct experience through inner development.

anthropotechnics n
antropotechnika
The science and technology concerning the close interaction of man and machines

anthropozoonosis anthropozoonoses n
antropozoonoza
(pathology) Any pathogen that is transmitted from animals to humans. Specifically, it refers to infections that primarily affect animals but can be naturally transmitted to humans.

anthurium anthuria anthuriums n
anturium
Any of several tropical American evergreen plants, of the genus Anthurium, grown for their ornamental leaves and spathes.

anti /ˈæn.ti/ more anti most anti adj
anty
Opposed to something.

anti- /ˈæn.ti/ /ˈæn.tə/ /ˈæn.tɪ/ /ˈænˌtaɪ/ /ˈænˌti/ prefix
anty- przeciw-
Against, opposed to.

anti-American more anti-American most anti-American adj
antyamerykański
Opposing American values.

anti-Americanism n
antyamerykanizm
The fear or dislike of people, policies, culture or government of the United States.

anti-British adj
antybrytyjski
Against Brits or Great Britain.

anti-Catholicism n
antykatolicyzm

anti-Christian more anti-Christian most anti-Christian adj
antychrześcijański
Opposed to Christians or Christianity.

anti-European adj
antyeuropejski
Opposing European integration and the European Union.
Opposing or disliking Europe or Europeans.

anti-German adj
antyniemiecki
Against Germans or Germany.

anti-Jewish more anti-Jewish most anti-Jewish adj
antyżydowski
Opposed to Jews.

anti-Russian adj
antyrosyjski
Against or opposing Russians or Russia.

anti-Semite /ˌæntaɪ-/ /ˌæntiˈsiːmaɪt/ /ˌæntiˈsɛmaɪt/ anti-Semites n
antysemita antysemitka
Someone with anti-Semitic views.

anti-Semitic /ˌæntaɪ-/ /ˌæntiːsəˈmɛtɪk/ /ˌæntiːsəˈmɪtɪk/ more anti-Semitic most anti-Semitic adj
antysemicki
Relating to or exhibiting anti-Semitism.

anti-Semitism /ˌæntaɪˈsɛmɪˌtɪzəm/ /ˌæntiˈsɛmɪˌtɪzəm/ /ˌæntɪˈsɛmɪˌtɪzəm/ anti-Semitisms n
antysemityzm
(narrower sense) Prejudice, discrimination, hostility or political or religious opposition directed against ethnic or religious Jews or against Judaism; antijudaism; judeophobia.

anti-Slavism n
antyslawizm
Anti-Slavic sentiment, in general: negative attitude towards Slavic peoples.

anti-Zionism n
antysyjonizm
Opposition to Zionism; activism against Zionism.

anti-Zionist more anti-Zionist most anti-Zionist adj
antysyjonistyczny
Expressing or exhibiting anti-Zionism; opposed to Zionism.

anti-Zionistic more anti-Zionistic most anti-Zionistic adj
antysyjonistyczny

anti-aircraft adj
przeciwlotniczy
(military) Intended to attack aircraft.

anti-fascism anti-fascisms n
antyfaszyzm
The opposition to fascist ideologies, organizations, governments and people.

anti-globalism n
antyglobalizacja antyglobalizm

anti-imperialism anti-imperialisms n
antyimperializm
Any belief or practice which opposes imperialism.

anti-imperialist more anti-imperialist most anti-imperialist adj
antyimperialistyczny
Against imperialist ideals and practices.

anti-inflammatory more anti-inflammatory most anti-inflammatory adj
przeciwzapalny
(pharmaceutical effect) Preventing or counteracting inflammation.

anti-inflationary more anti-inflationary most anti-inflationary adj
antyinflacyjny
(economics) Intended to counteract or reverse inflation or its effects.

anti-intellectual more anti-intellectual most anti-intellectual adj
antyintelektualny
Indifferent or hostile to cultural or intellectual ideas.

anti-intellectual anti-intellectuals n
antyintelektualista

anti-militarism anti-militarisms n
antymilitaryzm
A doctrine that opposes war, relying heavily on a critical theory of nationalism and imperialism.

anti-natalism n
antynatalizm
opposition to the increase in human population

anti-story /ˈæn.ti.ˈstɔːɹi/ anti-stories n
antypowieść
(literature) A work of fiction in which the author breaks in some way the conventional rules of storytelling, usually with some feature (for example, a lack of plot or characters, unusual punctuation, odd subject or presentation, etc.) that strongly challenges the reader's expectations.

anti-utopia anti-utopias n
antyutopia
A world that is the opposite of a utopia, i.e. flawed and maximally unpleasant.

anti-vaxxer anti-vaxxers n
antyszczepionkowiec antyszczep proepidemik
(informal) A person who opposes vaccination, as for its purported dangerous effects. [from c. 2000]

anti-villain anti-villains n
antyzłoczyńca
(fiction) An antagonist who has or may have noble or honorable aims, but pursues them destructively.

anti-war more anti-war most anti-war adj
antywojenny
Opposed to war, or to a specific war.

antiabortion more antiabortion most antiabortion adj
antyaborcyjny
Opposed to the practice or legalization of abortion.

antiaesthetic more antiaesthetic most antiaesthetic adj
antyestetyczny
Opposing or rejecting what is aesthetic.

antialcoholic more antialcoholic most antialcoholic adj
antyalkoholowy

antialcoholic antialcoholics n
antyalkoholik

antiallergenic adj
antyalergiczny antyuczuleniowy przeciwalergiczny przeciwuczuleniowy
Countering allergic reactions.

antiarrhythmic adj
antyarytmiczny
(pharmaceutical effect) Used to treat or prevent (heart) arrhythmia (irregular beat).

antiartistic more antiartistic most antiartistic adj
antyartystyczny
Opposing art.

antiatherosclerotic more antiatherosclerotic most antiatherosclerotic adj
przeciwmiażdżycowy
(medicine) That counters the effects of atherosclerosis

antiatom antiatoms n
antyatom
(particle physics) An antiparticle composed of antiprotons, antineutrons, and positrons. An antimatter equivalent of the atom.

antiatomic adj
antyatomowy
(particle physics) Of or pertaining to antiatoms.
antyatomowy przeciwatomowy
(politics, military) Opposing or countering atomic weapons.

antiauthoritarian more antiauthoritarian most antiauthoritarian adj
antyautorytatywny
Opposed to authority

antibacterial adj
antybakteryjny przeciwbakteryjny antybakteriologiczny
(pharmaceutical effect) Killing or inhibiting bacteria.

antibacterially adv
antybakteryjnie przeciwbakteryjnie

antibiogram antibiograms n
antybiogram antybiotykogram
(medicine) A table reporting a bacterial isolate’s susceptibility to different antibiotics.

antibiosis antibioses n
antybioza
(ecology) An association between organisms that is detrimental (harmful) to one or more of them; especially that due to a metabolic substance produced by one of them.

antibiotic /ˌæn.taɪ.baɪˈɑ.tɪk/ /ˌæn.taɪ.baɪˈɒt.ɪk/ /ˌæn.ti.baɪˈɑ.tɪk/ /ˌæn.ti.baɪˈɒt.ɪk/ /ˌæn.tə.baɪˈɑ.tɪk/ more antibiotic most antibiotic adj
antybiotyczny antybiotykowy
(pharmaceutical effect) Of or relating to antibiotics.

antibiotic /ˌæn.taɪ.baɪˈɑ.tɪk/ /ˌæn.taɪ.baɪˈɒt.ɪk/ /ˌæn.ti.baɪˈɑ.tɪk/ /ˌæn.ti.baɪˈɒt.ɪk/ /ˌæn.tə.baɪˈɑ.tɪk/ antibiotics n
antybiotyk
(pharmaceutical drug) Any substance that can destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria and similar microorganisms, generally transported by the lymphatic system.

antibody antibodies n
przeciwciało antyciało immunoglobulina
(immunology) A protein produced by B-lymphocytes that binds to a specific antigen.

antibourgeois more antibourgeois most antibourgeois adj
antymieszczański
(sociology) Opposed to the bourgeoisie.

antibureaucratic more antibureaucratic most antibureaucratic adj
antybiurokratyczny
(politics) Opposed to bureaucracy

antiburglary adj
antywłamaniowy przeciwwłamaniowy
Opposing or countering burglary.

antic /ˈæn.tɪk/ antics n
błazenada błazeństwo
(often, in plural) A ludicrous gesture or act; ridiculous behaviour; caper.

anticapitalist more anticapitalist most anticapitalist adj
antykapitalistyczny
(politics) Against or opposed to capitalism.

anticathode anticathodes n
antykatoda
(electronics) The target at which electrons from the cathode in a CRT or x-ray tube are directed.

anticatholic more anticatholic most anticatholic adj
antykatolicki
Opposed to Catholicism.

anticatholic anticatholics n
antykatolik
A person opposed to Catholicism.

anticenter anticenters n
antycentrum
(astronomy) The point in the sky opposite to that of the centre of the galaxy (when viewed from Earth)
(geology) antiepicenter

antichlor antichlors n
antychlor
(chemistry) Any substance used to remove excess chlorine or hypochlorite from textiles etc after bleaching; typically sodium thiosulfate.

anticholesterol adj
antycholesterolowy

antichrist antichrists n
antychryst
One who works against the teachings of Christ.

antichurch more antichurch most antichurch adj
antykościelny
Opposed to the church; against the Christian institution.

anticipate /ænˈtɪs.ə.peɪt/ /ænˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/ /ænˈtɪs.ɪ.pæɪt/ [ɛənˈtɪs.ə.peɪt] v
antycypować przewidzieć
to know of (something) before it happens; to expect.

anticipation /ænˌtɪs.ə.pæɪ.ʃən/ /ænˌtɪs.əˈpeɪ.ʃən/ /ænˌtɪs.ɪˈpeɪ.ʃən/ [ɛənˌtɪs.əˈpeɪ.ʃən] anticipations n
oczekiwanie
The act of anticipating, taking up, placing, or considering something beforehand, or before the proper time in natural order.
antycypacja
(music) A non-harmonic tone that is lower or higher than a note in the previous chord and a unison to a note in the next chord.

anticipatory /ænˈtɪsɪpətərɪ/ adj
antycypacyjny
Characterized by anticipation.

anticlerical more anticlerical most anticlerical adj
antyklerykalny
Opposed to political influence of clerics.

anticlerical anticlericals n
antyklerykał
One who opposes the political influence of clerics.

anticlericalism n
antyklerykalizm
The opposition to political influence of clerics.

anticlimax /ˈan.tiˌklaɪ.mæks/ [ˈa.ɾ̃iˌklaɪ.mæks] anticlimaxes n
antygradacja antyklimaks
(narratology) An unsatisfying resolution to a narrative, usually owing to a deus ex machina or similarly trivial resolution of the main conflict.
(rhetoric) An abrupt descent (either deliberate or unintentional) from the dignity of the idea which the speaker or writer appeared to be aiming for.

anticlinal more anticlinal most anticlinal adj
antyklinalny
(geology) Consisting of, related to, or part of an anticline.

anticline /ˈæntiklaɪn/ anticlines n
antyklina siodło
(geology) A fold with strata sloping downwards on each side.

anticlinorium anticlinoria anticlinoriums n
antyklinorium
(geology) A series of parallel anticlinal folds on a regional-scale anticline.

anticlockwise /ˌæn.tiˈklɑkˌwaɪz/ /ˌæn.tiˈklɒk.waɪz/ /ˌæn.tiˈklɔk.wɑɪz/ /ˌæn.tɪˈklɑkˌwaɪz/ /ˌænˌtaɪˈklɑkˌwaɪz/ adj
lewoskrętny przeciwny do ruchu wskazówek zegara
(South Africa, Australia, NZ, British, Ireland, Hong Kong, Singapore) in a circular fashion so as to be moving to the left at the top of the circle and to the right at the bottom (when viewed from the front), in the opposite direction to the way the hands of an analogue clock move.

anticlockwise /ˌæn.tiˈklɑkˌwaɪz/ /ˌæn.tiˈklɒk.waɪz/ /ˌæn.tiˈklɔk.wɑɪz/ /ˌæn.tɪˈklɑkˌwaɪz/ /ˌænˌtaɪˈklɑkˌwaɪz/ adv
lewoskrętnie przeciwnie do ruchu wskazówek zegara
(AU, NZ, Britain, Ireland) In an anticlockwise fashion.

anticoagulant more anticoagulant most anticoagulant adj
przeciwzakrzepowy
That prevents coagulation, that stops blood from clotting.

anticollision adj
antykolizyjny bezkolizyjny
Acting to combat or prevent collisions

anticolonial /ˌænt.aɪ.kəˈloʊn.i.əl/ /ˌænt.i.kəˈloʊn.i.əl/ more anticolonial most anticolonial adj
antykolonialny
(politics) Opposing colonialism.

anticolonialism n
antykolonializm
(politics) The movement that opposes colonialism.

anticommunism /æntɪˈkɒmjʊnɪzəm/ anticommunisms n
antykomunizm
Opposition to communism.

anticommunist more anticommunist most anticommunist adj
antykomunistyczny
Opposed to the tenets of communism.

anticommunist anticommunists n
antykomunista antykomunistka
One who is opposed to the tenets of communism.

anticommutating adj
antykomutatywny

anticommutation anticommutations n
antykomutacja
(mathematics) The inverse of a commutation

anticommutator anticommutators n
antykomutator
(mathematics) A function of two elements A and B, defined as AB + BA.

anticompetitive more anticompetitive most anticompetitive adj
antykonkurencyjny
(economics, business) Acting to hinder or obstruct competition.

anticonstitutional more anticonstitutional most anticonstitutional adj
antykonstytucyjny niekonstytucyjny

anticorrosive more anticorrosive most anticorrosive adj
antykorozyjny
Preventing or counteracting corrosion.

anticorruption /ˌæntiːkəˈɹʌpʃən/ more anticorruption most anticorruption adj
antykorupcyjny
Opposed to or combating corruption

anticrisis adj
antykryzysowy
(politics) Intended to prevent or counter a crisis.

anticult more anticult most anticult adj
antykultowy
(religion) Opposed to cults.

anticyclone anticyclones n
antycyklon wyż
(meteorology) a system of winds that spiral out from a centre of high pressure

anticyclonic adj
antycyklonalny antycyklonowy
(meteorology) of, relating to, or consisting of an anticyclone

antidandruff adj
przeciwłupieżowy
Countering or preventing dandruff.

antidemocratic more antidemocratic most antidemocratic adj
antydemokratyczny
Opposed to the tenets of democracy.

antidepressant more antidepressant most antidepressant adj
antydepresyjny przeciwdepresyjny
(pharmaceutical effect) Preventing or counteracting depression.

antidepressant antidepressants n
antydepresant
(pharmaceutical drug) An agent that prevents or counteracts depression.

antiderivative antiderivatives n
funkcja pierwotna antypochodna całka nieoznaczona
(calculus) A function whose derivative is a given function; an indefinite integral

antideuteron antideuterons n
antydeuteron

antidisestablishmentarianism /ˌæn.taɪˌdɪs.ɛsˌtæb.lɪʃ.məntˈɛː.ɹi.ənˌɪ.zm̩/ /ˌæn.ti-/ /ˌæn.ti.dɪs.ɪsˌtæb.lɪʃ.mənˈtɛə.ɹi.ənˌɪ.z(ə)m/ antidisestablishmentarianisms n
antydisestablishmentaryzm
A political philosophy opposed to the separation of a religious group (church) and a government (state), especially the belief held by those in 19th-century England opposed to separating the Anglican church from the civil government or to refer to separation of church and state. [from 20th c.]

antidiuretic antidiuretics n
antydiuretyna
(physiology, medicine) an agent that prevents or counteracts diuresis

antidogmatic more antidogmatic most antidogmatic adj
antydogmatyczny
Opposed to dogma.

antidoping adj
antydopingowy
(sports) Proscribing or combating doping

antidote /ˈæn.tɪ.doʊt/ antidotes n
odtrutka antidotum antydot
A remedy to counteract the effects of poison.
antidotum odtrutka antydot lek lekarstwo
(figurative) Something that counteracts or prevents something harmful.

antidrama antidramas n
antydramat

antidynastic more antidynastic most antidynastic adj
antydynastyczny
(politics) Opposing a dynasty.

antielectron antielectrons n
antyelektron
(physics) Synonym of positron

antiemetic more antiemetic most antiemetic adj
przeciwwymiotny
That combats nausea and vomiting

antiemetic antiemetics n
lek przeciwwymiotny
(medicine) A drug that combats nausea and vomiting

antiempire more antiempire most antiempire adj
antyimperialny
(politics) Opposing an empire.

antiempiricism n
antyempiryzm
Opposition to empiricism.

antienzyme antienzymes n
antyenzym
Any substance, especially an antibody or another enzyme, that counteracts the effects of a specific enzyme

antiexport more antiexport most antiexport adj
antyeksportowy
(economy) Opposing exports.

antifarmer more antifarmer most antifarmer adj
antychłopski

antifascist more antifascist most antifascist adj
antyfaszystowski
Opposed to the tenets of fascism; antifa.

antifascist antifascists n
antyfaszysta antyfaszystka
A person opposed to the tenets of fascism.

antifeminism antifeminisms n
antyfeminizm
Opposition to feminism.

antifeminist more antifeminist most antifeminist adj
antyfeministyczny
antagonistic to feminism

antifeminist antifeminists n
antyfeminista antyfeministka
A person who is antagonistic to feminism.
An advocate of antifeminism.

antiferroelectric adj
antyferroelektryczny
(physics) Describing a state in which dipoles are arranged antiparallel to adjacent ones, resulting in a net zero polarization

antiferroelectricity n
antyferroelektryczność

antiferromagnetic adj
antyferromagnetyczny
(physics) Exhibiting antiferromagnetism.

antiferromagnetism n
antyferromagnetyzm
(physics) a phenomenon, similar to ferromagnetism, in which magnetic domains line up in a regular pattern, but with neighbouring electron spins pointing in opposite directions; materials showing this effect are either ferrimagnetic or diamagnetic, and become paramagnetic above the Neel temperature

antifertilizin n
antyfertylizyna

antifeudal more antifeudal most antifeudal adj
antyfeudalny
(politics) Opposing a feudal system.

antifilm antifilms n
antyfilm
(film) A film that deliberately avoids or subverts the usual characteristics of films.

antiflood adj
przeciwpowodziowy
Preventing or countering flooding.

antiflu adj
antygrypowy przeciwgrypowy
Acting against or serving to prevent flu.

antifragility n
antydelikatność
The ability of a system to benefit and grow from a certain class of random events, errors, and volatility.

antifreeze antifreezes n
odmrażacz płyn chłodniczy płyn przeciw zamarzaniu
A substance, such as glycol, used to lower the freezing point of water;

antifriction adj
antyfrykcyjny przeciwcierny
Reducing or intended to reduce friction.

antigas adj
przeciwgazowy
(military) Countering military gas attacks.

antigen antigens n
antygen
(immunology) A substance that induces an immune response, usually foreign.

antigene antigenes n
antygen

antigenic adj
antygenowy
(immunology) Of or relating to an antigen.

antigenically adv
antygenowo
(immunology) In the manner of an antigen

antiglobalist antiglobalists n
antyglobalista antyglobalistka
A proponent of antiglobalism.

antigorite antigorites n
antygoryt
(mineral) A brownish-green variety of serpentine.

antigovernment more antigovernment most antigovernment adj
antyrządowy
Opposed to a government currently in power.
Opposed to government in general.

antigypsyism n
antycyganizm
Hostility, prejudice or racism toward Romani people (Gypsies).

antihero /ˈæn.tiˌhiɹ.oʊ/ /ˈæn.tɪˌhɪə.ɹəʊ/ /ˈænˌtaɪ.hiɹ.oʊ/ antiheroes n
antybohater antybohaterka
(literature, RPG) A protagonist who proceeds in an unheroic manner, such as by criminal means, via cowardly actions, or for mercenary goals.

antiheroic more antiheroic most antiheroic adj
antybohaterski
(narratology) Of, pertaining to or typical of an antihero.

antihistaminic adj
antyhistaminowy przeciwhistaminowy
(pharmaceutical effect) Of or pertaining to antihistamines.

antihormonal adj
antyhormonalny
(medicine) That counteracts the effects of a particular hormone

antihormone antihormones n
antyhormon
(biochemistry) Any material that counteracts the effects of a hormone

antihumanism antihumanisms n
antyhumanizm
(philosophy, ethics) Opposition to humanism.

antihumanist adj
antyhumanistyczny
(ethics) Opposing humanism

antihumanitarian more antihumanitarian most antihumanitarian adj
antyhumanitarny
Opposing humanitarianism.

antihydrogen antihydrogens n
antywodór
(particle, uncountable) The antimatter equivalent of hydrogen, consisting of an antiproton and an positron (antielectron).

antiimport more antiimport most antiimport adj
antyimportowy

antiknock antiknocks n
antydetonator
Such a substance, usually tetraethyl lead (also MMT, MTBE and ethanol)

antiliberal more antiliberal most antiliberal adj
antyliberalny
(politics) Opposing liberalism.

antiliberalism antiliberalisms n
antyliberalizm
(politics) Antiliberal beliefs and practices.

antiliterature n
antyliteratura
(literature) Written works that deliberately avoid the typical conventions of literature, such as antinovels, antiplays and antipoems.

antilogarithm antilogarithms n
antylogarytm
(mathematics) The number of which a given number is the logarithm (to a given base).

antilogism antilogisms n
antylogizm
(logic) A false syllogism in which two premises contradict the third

antilogy /ænˈtɪləd͡ʒi/ antilogies n
antylogia oksymoron
(rhetoric) A contradiction in related terms or ideas. Usually an inconsistency in syllogisms, of a person or group supposedly of one set of ideals.

antimagnetic more antimagnetic most antimagnetic adj
antymagnetyczny
(physics) Unable to be magnetized; unaffected by a magnetic field.

antimatter /ˈæn.tiˌmæt.ɚ/ /ˈænˌtaɪˌmæt.ɚ/ [ˈæ.niˌmæ.ɾɚ] [ˈæ.ɾ̃iˌmæ.ɾɚ] [ˈæn.tiˌmæ.ɾɚ] antimatters n
antymateria
(physics) Matter that is composed of the antiparticles of those that constitute normal matter.

antimetabole /ˌæn.taɪ.məˈtæ.bə.li/ /ˌæn.ti.məˈtæ.bə.li/ /ˌæn.tə.məˈtæ.bə.li/ /ˌæn.tɪ.məˈtæ.bə.li/ /ˌæn.tɪ.mɛˈtæ.bə.li/ antimetaboles n
antymetabola antymetalepsja antymetateza
(rhetoric) The technique of repeating a phrase while reversing the order of certain elements or its grammatical structure, as a form of juxtaposition.

antimetabolite antimetabolites n
antymetabolit
(medicine) Any substance that competes with, or inhibits the normal metabolic process, often by acting as an analogue of an essential metabolite.

antimetathesis n
antymetabola antymetalepsja antymetateza
The inversion of the parts of an antithesis, as in "A poem is a speaking picture; a picture, a mute poem" (Crabbe).

antimicrobially adv
antybakteryjnie przeciwbakteryjnie

antimilitary more antimilitary most antimilitary adj
antymilitarystyczny
Opposed to the military or to military activities

antimissile adj
przeciwrakietowy
(military) Designed to intercept and destroy another missile in flight.

antimonarchic more antimonarchic most antimonarchic adj
antymonarchistyczny
(politics) Opposing monarchy.

antimonic adj
antymonowy
Of or containing antimony.

antimonide antimonides n
antymonek
(inorganic chemistry) Any compound of antimony with more electropositive elements.

antimonite antimonites n
antymonit
(mineral) A grey mineral, antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) that is the main source of antimony; stibnite

antimonopolistic more antimonopolistic most antimonopolistic adj
antymonopolistyczny antymonopolowy
(economics) Opposing monopolies.

antimony /ˈæn.tɪ.mə.niː/ /ˈæn.tɪˌmoʊ.ni/ antimonies n
antymon
A chemical element (symbol Sb, from Latin stibium) with an atomic number of 51: in its stable allotrope, a lustrous gray and very brittle metal.

antimotivational more antimotivational most antimotivational adj
antymotywacyjny

antinarcotic more antinarcotic most antinarcotic adj
antynarkotykowy
(law enforcement) Opposing or countering narcotics.

antinatalism n
antynatalizm
(philosophy) A family of philosophical views that are critical of reproduction — they consider coming into existence as bad or deem procreation as immoral.

antinational more antinational most antinational adj
antynarodowy
(politics) Opposed to one's own nation; unpatriotic.
(politics) Opposed to purely national concerns; not founded on the idea of the nation.

antinaturalism n
antynaturalizm
(sociology) The view that the natural world and the social world are different, related to antipositivism.

antinaturalist more antinaturalist most antinaturalist adj
antynaturalistyczny
(philosophy, sociology) Opposing or rejecting naturalism.

antineutrino antineutrinos n
antyneutrino
(particle) The antiparticle of the neutrino.

antineutron antineutrons n
antyneutron
(physics) The antiparticle corresponding to a neutron.

anting /ˈæntɪŋ/ n
mrówkowanie kąpiel mrówkowa
(ornithology) The practice of some birds of rubbing live ants or occasionally other items into the feathers, possibly as a means of controlling parasites.

antinicotine adj
antynikotynowy
Opposing or countering nicotine.

antinicotinic more antinicotinic most antinicotinic adj
antynikotynowy
(pharmaceutical effect) That inhibits the actions of nicotine and nicotine-like agents on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

antinoise adj
antyakustyczny antyhałasowy
Intended to reduce environmental noise.
antyakustyczny
Capable of neutralizing a noise.

antinomianism /æntiˈnoʊmi.ənɪzəm/ antinomianisms n
antynomizm
(Christianity) The belief or teaching that because only the spiritual "law of faith" (Romans 3:27) is essential for salvation, obedience to any practical or moral law has no role to play, even as a guide to conduct or as a test of the genuineness of faith.

antinomic more antinomic most antinomic adj
antynomiczny antynomijny
Exhibiting or pertaining to antinomy; contradictory.

antinomy /ænˈtɪn.ə.mi/ antinomies n
antynomia sprzeczność
(specifically, epistemology, logic) In the thought of the German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724–1804): an apparent contradiction between valid conclusions; a paradox.

antinuclear more antinuclear most antinuclear adj
antynuklearny
Opposed to the production or use of nuclear weapons, or opposed to the generation of electricity from nuclear power.

antinucleus antinuclei n
antyjądro
(particle physics) The nucleus of an antiatom

antioxidant /ˌæntiˈɒksɪdənt/ antioxidants n
przeciwutleniacz antyoksydant antyutleniacz
Any substance that acts to slow or prevent the oxidation of another chemical.

antipapal more antipapal most antipapal adj
antypapieski
(Roman Catholicism) characterized by opposition to the pope

antiparticle /ˈæntiˌpɑɹtɪkəl/ antiparticles n
antycząstka
(particle) A subatomic particle corresponding to another particle with the same mass, spin and mean lifetime but with charge, parity, strangeness and other quantum numbers flipped in sign; a particle that has a reversed world line to another.

antipasto antipasti antipastos n
antypast
An Italian starter for a meal; normally a cold assortment of salami, cheese, seafood and vegetables.

antipatheticalness n
antypatyczność

antipathic more antipathic most antipathic adj
antypatyczny
Characterized by antipathy.

antipathically more antipathically most antipathically adv
antypatycznie
In an antipathic manner; through an antipathical fashion.

antipathy /ænˈtɪpəθi/ antipathies n
antypatia
A feeling of dislike (normally towards someone, less often towards something); repugnance or distaste often without any conscious reasoning.

antipatriotic more antipatriotic most antipatriotic adj
antypatriotyczny niepatriotyczny
Opposing patriotism.

antipeace more antipeace most antipeace adj
antypokojowy
Opposed to peace; belligerent, warlike.

antipedagogy n
antypedagogika
Opposition to pedagogy.

antiperistalsis antiperistalses n
antyperystaltyka
(physiology) peristalsis occurring in the opposite direction of the way it typically occurs

antiperistasis antiperistases n
antyperystaza
(philosophy) The heightening of the force of an opposing process.

antipersonnel adj
przeciwpiechotny

antiperspirant antiperspirants n
antyperspirant
(countable, uncountable) A substance used to minimize sweating or perspiration, and usually applied to the underarm area.

antiphon /ˈæntɪfən/ /ˈæntɪˌfɑn/ antiphons n
antyfona
A devotional chant; a piece of music sung responsively.

antiphonal adj
antyfonalny
(music) Characterized by antiphones or antiphony; incorporating alternate, or responsive singing by a choir split into two parts.

antiphonal antiphonals n
antyfonarz
A book of antiphons or anthems sung or chanted at a liturgy; an antiphonary or antiphoner.

antiphrasis antiphrases n
antyfraza
(rhetoric) Use of a word or phrase in a sense not in accord with its literal meaning, especially for ironic or humorous effect

antipodally adv
antypodycznie
In an antipodal manner
With regard to antipodes

antipode /ˈæn.tɪ.poʊd/ antipodes n
antypody
Something directly opposite or diametrically opposed.

antipodean /æn.ˌtɪp.ə.ˈdi.ən/ adj
antypodyczny
diametrically opposed
relating to the antipodes, or situated at opposite sides of the Earth

antipodean /æn.ˌtɪp.ə.ˈdi.ən/ antipodeans n
antypoda
An inhabitant of the antipodes.

antipodes /ænˈtɪp.əˌdiz/ n
antypody
The place on the diametrically opposite side of the earth from a given point.
(UK, now, rare) Australia and New Zealand.
(figuratively, by extension) The opposite of something.

antipoetry n
antypoetyka
(poetry) A literary movement that attempts to break away from the normal conventions of poetry.

antipope /ˈantɪpəʊp/ /ˈæntiˌpoʊp/ /ˈænˌtaɪˌpoʊp/ antipopes n
antypapież
(Christianity) A person who claims or claimed to be the pope, usually as the result of a disputed election or deposition, but is not considered by the Roman Catholic Church to be the real pope.

antipopular more antipopular most antipopular adj
antyludowy
Opposing the people.

antipriestly more antipriestly most antipriestly adj
w niekapłański sposób

antiprism antiprisms n
antygraniastosłup
A polyhedron composed of two parallel copies of some particular polygon, connected by an alternating band of triangles.

antiproton antiprotons n
antyproton
(physics) The antiparticle of the proton, having a negative electric charge.

antipsychiatry n
antypsychiatria
A form of psychoanalysis based on existentialist and sociological concepts

antipsychological more antipsychological most antipsychological adj
antypsychologiczny
Opposed to psychological approaches

antipyretic /ˌæntɪpaɪˈɹɛtɪk/ adj
przeciwgorączkowy
(pharmaceutical effect) That reduces fever.

antiquarian /ˌæn.tɪˈkwɛɹ.i.ən/ antiquarians n
antykwariusz antykwarz
A collector or student of, or expert in, antiquities or antiques.

antiquarianism antiquarianisms n
antykwarstwo
Study or love of antiques.
Study or love of antiquity.

antiquark antiquarks n
antykwark
(particle) The antiparticle of a quark.

antiquary antiquaries n
antykwariusz antykwarz archaista
A person who is knowledgeable of, or who collects antiques (especially one holding an official position); an antiquarian.

antique /ænˈtiːk/ antiquer antiquest adj
antyczny
Having existed in ancient times, descended from antiquity; used especially in reference to Greece and Rome.
Belonging to former times, not modern, out of date, old-fashioned.

antique /ænˈtiːk/ antiques n
antyk
(figuratively, mildly, pejorative) An old person.
In general, anything very old; specifically:

antique shop antique shops n
antykwariat antykwarnia
(retail) A business dedicated to storing, selling, restoring, and trading in items from previous eras for their superficial and historical value, especially furniture and trinkets.

antiquify v
antykizować

antiquity /ænˈtɪk.wə.ti/ /ænˈtɪk.wɪ.ti/ antiquities n
starożytność antyk
Ancient times; faraway history; former ages
The people of ancient times.
(often, constructed as an uncountable plural) A relic or monument of ancient times, such as a coin, a statue, etc.; an ancient institution.
starożytność
(history) The historical period preceding the Middle Ages (c. 500-1500), primarily relating to European history.
antyczność starożytność
The state of being ancient or of ancient lineage.

antirealism antirealisms n
antyrealizm
(philosophy) Any position involving denial of the objective reality of certain entities, or denial that certain general statements are objectively either true or false.

antirealistic adj
antyrealistyczny
(philosophy) Opposed to realism

antirecession adj
antyrecesyjny
(economics) Serving to counter a financial recession.

antiregime more antiregime most antiregime adj
antyreżimowy antyreżymowy
(politics) Opposing a regime.

antireligious more antireligious most antireligious adj
antyreligijny
Opposed to religion.

antireligiousness n
antyreligijność
The state or condition of being antireligious.

antirepublican more antirepublican most antirepublican adj
antyrepublikański
(politics) Opposing the formation of a republic.

antirevolutionary more antirevolutionary most antirevolutionary adj
antyrewolucyjny
Opposing a sociopolitical revolution.

antirheumatic more antirheumatic most antirheumatic adj
antirheumatic przeciwreumatyczny
(pharmaceutical effect) Serving to prevent or counter rheumatism.

antirocket adj
antyrakietowy
(military) Designed to prevent, or counterattack against, rocket fire

antiroyal more antiroyal most antiroyal adj
antyrojalistyczny

antiroyalist antiroyalists n
antyrojalista
One who opposes royals or royalism.

antiscientific more antiscientific most antiscientific adj
antynaukowy
Contrary to the tenets of the scientific method

antisepsis antisepses n
antyseptyka
(hygiene) The science and practice of countering microbial infection, as with the use of antiseptics, and the use of aseptic technique.

antiseptic /ˌæntiˈsɛptɪk/ more antiseptic most antiseptic adj
antyseptyczny
(pharmaceutical effect) Capable of preventing microbial infection.

antiseptic /ˌæntiˈsɛptɪk/ antiseptics n
antyseptyk środek antyseptyczny
(pharmaceutical drug) Any substance that inhibits the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. Generally includes only those that are used on living objects (as opposed to disinfectants) and aren't transported by the lymphatic system to destroy bacteria in the body (as opposed to antibiotics).

antiseptically more antiseptically most antiseptically adv
antyseptycznie
In an antiseptic manner.

antiskid adj
antypoślizgowy
Designed to increase friction, and thereby reduce the possibility of skid. (of a surface)

antislavery more antislavery most antislavery adj
antyniewolniczy przeciwniewolniczy
(sociology) Opposed to the practice of slavery.

antislavism n
antyslawizm
Antislavic sentiment, in general: negative attitude towards Slavic peoples.

antisocial /ˌæntaɪˈsoʊʃəl/ /ˌæntiˈsoʊʃəl/ more antisocial most antisocial adj
aspołeczny asocjalny
Unwilling or unable to cooperate and associate normally with other people
antyspołeczny
Opposed to social order or the principles of society; hostile toward society

antisocial personality disorder antisocial personality disorders n
osobowość dyssocjalna
(psychology) A personality disorder marked by antisocial behavior, a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood.

antisocialistic more antisocialistic most antisocialistic adj
antysocjalistyczny
(politics) Opposing socialism.

antisocially /ˌæntaɪˈsoʊʃəli/ more antisocially most antisocially adv
asocjalnie aspołecznie
In an antisocial manner.

antisoviet more antisoviet most antisoviet adj
antysowiecki antyradziecki
(geopolitics) Opposing the Soviet Union.

antispam adj
antyspamowy
(Internet) Countering spam (unwanted electronic mail).

antispast antispasts n
antyspast
(prosody) A metrical foot composed of an iambus and a trochee

antistate adj
antypaństwowy
(politics) Opposed to or combating a particular state or government

antistatic adj
antyelektrostatyczny antystatyczny
Preventing the buildup of static electricity.

antistrophe antistrophes n
antystrofa
In Greek choruses and dances, the returning of the chorus, exactly answering to a previous strophe or movement from right to left.

antisymmetric adj
antysymetryczny
(set theory, order theory, of a binary relation R on a set S) Having the property that, for any two distinct elements of S, at least one is not related to the other via R; equivalently, having the property that, for any x, y ∈ S, if both xRy and yRx then x=y.
(linear algebra, of certain mathematical objects) Whose sign changes on the application of a matrix transpose or some generalisation thereof:

antisymmetry antisymmetries n
antysymetria asymetria
(mathematics) The condition of being antisymmetric.

antitank adj
przeciwczołgowy przeciwpancerny
(military) Of weapons or tactics, designed for attacking tanks or other armored vehicles.

antiterrorism n
antyterroryzm
(law enforcement, military, often, attributive) Activity aiming at opposing or preventing terrorism.

antitheater n
antyteatr
(dramaturgy) Works of theater that go against theatrical conventions

antitheft adj
antykradzieżowy przeciwkradzieżowy
Against or preventing from being stolen.

antitheism n
antyteizm
The categorical opposition to the belief in any and all deities.

antithesis /æn.ˈtɪ.θə.sɪs/ antitheses n
antyteza
A proposition that is the diametric opposite of some other proposition.

antithetical /ˌæntɪˈθɛtɪkəl/ more antithetical most antithetical adj
antytetyczny
Pertaining to antithesis, or opposition of words and sentiments; containing, or of the nature of, antithesis; contrasted.

antitheticality antitheticalities n
antytetyczność
The quality of being antithetical.

antitobacco adj
antytytoniowy
Opposed to tobacco, often specifically to either the tobacco industry or public smoking.

antitotalitarian adj
antytotalitarny
(politics) Opposed to or acting against totalitarianism or totalitarian behavior.

antitotalitarianism n
antytotalitaryzm
(politics) opposition to totalitarianism

antitoxic adj
antytoksyczny
(immunology) that counteracts a toxin or poison

antitoxin antitoxins n
antytoksyna
(medicine) A medicine able to neutralize a toxin.

antitrade antitrades n
antypasat
the wind that blows from west to east above the trade wind

antitraditional more antitraditional most antitraditional adj
antytradycjonalistyczny
(sociology) Opposed to what is traditional.

antitraditionalism n
antytradycjonalizm
(sociology) Opposition to traditionalism.

antitrinitarian more antitrinitarian most antitrinitarian adj
antytrynitarski
(theology) Rejecting the Trinitarian doctrine that God subsists as three distinct Persons in the single substance of the Holy Trinity.

antitrinitarian antitrinitarians n
antytrynitariusz antytrynitarz
(theology) One who rejects the doctrine (or dogma) of the Trinity, the Trinitarian doctrine.

antitrinitarianism n
antytrynitaryzm
(theology) Rejection of the Trinitarian doctrine that God subsists as three distinct persons in the single substance of the Holy Trinity; nontrinitarianism.

antitrust /ˌæntiˈtɹʌst/ adj
antymonopolowy
(legal) Opposed to or against the establishment or existence of trusts (monopolies), usually referring to legislation.

antitussive antitussives n
przeciwkaszlowy środek
(pharmaceutical drug) A cough suppressant or a drug that inhibits coughing.

antitype antitypes n
antytyp
Something that is symbolized or represented by a type, such as Christ by the Paschal Lamb; the fulfillment of a type.

antiunitary adj
[[anty-]]jednostkowy

antivenom antivenoms n
antytoksyna przeciwjad
(medicine) A medicine that counteracts venom, an antidote to biological poisons from venomous animals such as snakes and spiders.

antivenomous more antivenomous most antivenomous adj
antytoksyczny przeciwjadowy
(pharmaceutical effect, immunology) acting against venom

antivibration adj
antywibracyjny
Countering or preventing vibration.

antivibrational adj
antywibracyjny
Preventing vibration.

antivibratory more antivibratory most antivibratory adj
antywibracyjny
preventing or reducing vibrations

antiviral /æntiˈvaɪɹəl/ adj
antywirusowy
(computing) Eliminating or inhibiting the action of a computer virus.

antivirus antiviruses n
antywirus
(computing) A piece of software that is used to detect, delete and or neutralize computer-based viruses.

antivitamin antivitamins n
antywitamina
(biochemistry) Any compound that inhibits the metabolic action of a vitamin.

antiworker more antiworker most antiworker adj
antyrobotniczy
(politics) Opposing workers.

antler /ˈænt.lə/ /ˈænt.lɚ/ /ˈænʔ.lɚ/ /ˈænʔ.ɫɚ/ antlers n
poroże róg
A deciduous branching and bony structure on the head of deer, moose and elk, normally in pairs. They are grown and shed each year. (Compare with horn, which is generally not shed.)

antlerless adj
bezrożny

antling antlings n
mrówczę
A small, immature, or miniature ant.

antlion antlions n
mrówkolew
Any of various species of insects, many of them nocturnal, in the family Myrmeleontidae. The adults superficially resemble the unrelated damselflies. The larvae bury themselves in sand below a cone-shaped pit in which they trap insects such as ants.

antonomasia /ænˌtɒnəʊˈmeɪzɪə/ /ˌæntənəʊˈmeɪzɪə/ /ˌæntənəˈmeɪʒə/ antonomasias n
antonomazja
(rhetoric) The substitution of an epithet or title in place of a proper noun.

antonym /ˈæn.təˌnɪm/ antonyms n
antonim
(semantics) A word which has the opposite meaning of another word.

antonymic more antonymic most antonymic adj
antonimiczny
(semantics) Of or relating to an antonym or antonyms.

antonymous /ænt.əˈnɪm.ʌs/ /ænˈtɑnɪməs/ /ænˈtɒn.ɪ.məs/ more antonymous most antonymous adj
antonimiczny
Having an opposite or diametrically opposite meaning.
Of, or being an antonym; antonymic.

antonymy /ˈæntə.nɪm.i/ antonymies n
antonimia
(semantics) The semantic relation between antonyms; the quality of being antonymous.

ants in one's pants n
robaki w tyłku
(slang) The condition of being agitated and constantly fidgeting.

anuria anurias n
bezmocz anuria
(medicine) A condition in which the kidneys do not produce urine.

anus /ˈeɪ.nəs/ ani anuses n
odbyt
(anatomy) The lower orifice of the alimentary canal, through which feces and flatus are ejected.

anvil /ˈæn.vəl/ /ˈæn.vɪl/ anvils n
kowadło
A heavy iron block used in the blacksmithing trade as a surface upon which metal can be struck and shaped.
kowadełko kowadło
(skeleton) The incus bone in the middle ear.

anxiety /ˌæŋ(ɡ)ˈzaɪ.ə.ti/ anxieties n
niepokój trwoga
An unpleasant state of mental uneasiness, nervousness, apprehension and obsession or concern about some uncertain event.
lęk
(pathology) A state of restlessness and agitation, often accompanied by a distressing sense of oppression or tightness in the stomach.

anxiety disorder anxiety disorders n
zaburzenia lękowe
A disorder characterised by excessive anxiety.

any /ˈæni/ /ˈɛni/ /ˈɛnɪ/ /ˈɪni/ determiner
jakiś żaden
(negative polarity item) One at all; at least one; at least one kind of; some; a positive quantity of.
jakikolwiek każdy którykolwiek
No matter what kind.

any /ˈæni/ /ˈɛni/ /ˈɛnɪ/ /ˈɪni/ pronoun
ktokolwiek
Any thing(s) or person(s).

any day now phraseologicalUnit
na dniach

any minute now adv
lada chwila
Very soon.

any more /ˌæ.niˈmoːɹ/ /ˌæ.niˈmɔːɹ/ /ˌɛ.niˈmo(ː)ɹ/ /ˌɛ.niˈmoə/ /ˌɛ.niˈmɔɹ/ /ˌɛ.niˈmɔː/ adv
już (nie)
(in negative or interrogative constructions) From a given time onwards; longer, again.

any old determiner
-kolwiek byle bądź lada popadnie wszelki
(idiomatic, informal) Any, absolutely any, any typical, a run-of-the-mill.

any other business phraseologicalUnit
jakieś inne sprawy
The last item on the agenda for a meeting, when any matter not already dealt with may be raised. Abbreviations: a.o.b., AOB.

any way one slices it /ˌɛni‿weɪ wʌn ˈslaɪsəz‿ət/ /ˌɛni‿weɪ wʌn ˈslaɪsɪz‿ɪt/ phraseologicalUnit
pod każdym względem
(chiefly, US, informal) From any perspective; in every case.

anybody's /ˈɛnibədiz/ pronoun
czyjkolwiek czyjś kogokolwiek
(This entry is a translation hub.)

anyhow /ˈæn.i.haʊ/ /ˈɛn.i.haʊ/ adv
jakkolwiek w jakikolwiek sposób
(manner) In any way or manner whatever.

anyone /ˈæniˌwʌn/ /ˈɛniˌwʌn/ pronoun
ktokolwiek byle kto kto bądź
Any person; anybody.

anything /ˈæ.ni.θɪŋ/ /ˈɛ.ni.θɪŋ/ /ˈɛ.nə.θɪŋ/ /ˈɛ.nɪ.θɪŋ/ /ˈɛn.i.θɪŋ/ /ˈɛn.ɪ.θɪŋ/ pronoun
byle co cokolwiek coś nic wszystko
Any object, act, state, event, or fact whatever; a thing of any kind; something or other.

anything goes phraseologicalUnit
wszystko jest dozwolone
(idiomatic) There are no rules or restrictions.

anytime adv
byle kiedy kiedy bądź kiedykolwiek
At any time.

anyway /ˈɛniweɪ/ adv
i tak
(conjunctive) Regardless; anyhow. [from 19th c.]

anywhere /ˈɛn.i.(h)wɛɹ/ /ˈɛn.iː.(h)wɛə(ɹ)/ /ˈɛnɪwɛə/ adv
byle gdzie gdzie bądź gdziekolwiek
In or at any location.

aorist /ˈeɪ.ə.ɹɪst/ /ˈɛə.ɹɪst/ adj
aorystyczny
(grammar) Of or pertaining to a verb in the aorist aspect.

aorist /ˈeɪ.ə.ɹɪst/ /ˈɛə.ɹɪst/ aorists n
aoryst
(grammar) A verb paradigm found in certain languages, usually an unmarked form or one that expresses the perfective or aorist aspect.

aorta /eɪˈɔɹtə/ /eɪˈɔːtə/ aortae aortas n
aorta
(anatomy) The great artery which carries the blood from the heart to all parts of the body except the lungs; the main trunk of the arterial system.

aortic /eɪˈɔɹ.tɪk/ adj
aortalny aortowy
Of or pertaining to the aorta or the aortic valve.

aortic arch aortic arches n
łuk aorty
(anatomy) The curving portion of the aorta that bends between the ascending aorta and the descending aorta, from which the brachiocephalic artery, left carotid artery, and left subclavian artery arise.

aortography aortographies n
aortografia
(medicine) an arteriography of the aorta

apadana apadanas n
apadana
a large hypostyle hall in ancient Persian palaces

apagogic adj
apagogiczny
(rhetoric) Proving indirectly, by showing the impossibility or absurdity of the contrary.

apanage /ˈæpənɪd͡ʒ/ apanages n
apanaże
(historical) A grant (especially by a sovereign) of land (or other source of revenue) as a birthright.

apart /əˈpɑɹt/ /əˈpɑː(ɹ)t/ more apart most apart adv
osobno
Placed separately (in regard to space or time).

apart from preposition
oprócz poza
Except for; besides, apart (postposition).

apartheid /əˈpɑɹ.taɪd/ /əˈpɑɹthaɪt/ /əˈpɑɹtheɪt/ /əˈpɑːthaɪt/ /əˈpɑːtheɪt/ v
apartheid
To impose a policy of segregation of groups of people, especially one based on race.

apartment /əˈpɑɹt.mənt/ /əˈpɑːt.mənt/ apartments n
mieszkanie
(chiefly, North America, Australia, Philippines) A complete domicile occupying only part of a building, especially one for rent; a flat.

apartment building apartment buildings n
apartamentowiec blok
A residential building containing multiple apartments or flats.

apastron /æˈpæstɹ(ə)n/ /æˈpæstɹən/ [ə-] apastra apastrons n
apastron
(astronomy) The point of greatest separation between a celestial object and the star which it orbits.

apatheism /ˌæpəˈθi.ɪzəm/ n
apateizm
(religion) Apathy towards the existence of a god; belief that the question of the existence of a god is unimportant.

apathete /ˈæpəθiːt/ apathetes n
apatyk
An apathetic person; one given to apathy.

apathetic /æp.əˈθɛt.ɪk/ more apathetic most apathetic adj
apatyczny
Void of feeling; not susceptible of deep emotion.

apathetically more apathetically most apathetically adv
apatycznie
In an apathetic manner.

apathize v
apatycznieć
To become apathetic or insensible

apathy /ˈæ.pə.θi/ apathies n
apatia tępota
Lack of emotion or motivation; lack of interest or enthusiasm towards something; disinterest (in something).

apatite /ˈæpətaɪt/ /ˈæpəˌtaɪt/ apatites n
apatyt
(mineral) A calcium fluoride phosphate of variable composition, sometimes used in the manufacture of fertilizer, as a gemstone, and (in powdered form) as a pigment, and also produced biologically in bones and teeth.

apatitic adj
apatytowy
(geology) Relating to, containing, or having the structure of apatite

ape /eɪp/ apes n
małpa małpa człekokształtna
A primate of the clade Hominoidea, generally larger than monkeys and distinguished from them by having no tail.

ape /eɪp/ v
małpować imitować
(transitive) To imitate or mimic, particularly to imitate poorly.

apeirogon /əˈpeɪ̯ɹɵɡɑn/ /əˈpiːɹɵɡɑn/ apeirogons n
wielokąt z nieskończoną liczbą katów

apepsy n
apepsja
(medicine, archaic) defective digestion; indigestion

aperiodic more aperiodic most aperiodic adj
aperiodyczny nieokresowy nieperiodyczny
That does not recur periodically.

apertural adj
aperturowy
Relating to an aperture.

aperture /ˈap.ə.tjʊə/ /ˈap.ə.t͡ʃə/ /ˈæp.ɚ.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈæp.ɚˌtjʊɹ/ /ˈæp.ɚˌtʊɹ/ /ˈæp.ɚˌt͡ʃʊɹ/ apertures n
otwór szczelina szpara
A small or narrow opening, gap, slit, or hole.
apertura przesłona przysłona
(astronomy, photography) The diameter of such a hole which restricts the width of the lightpath through the whole system. For a telescope, this is the diameter of the objective lens.

apetalous adj
bezpłatkowy
(botany) Having no petals.

apex /ˈeɪ.pɛks/ apexes apices n
apeks
(astronomy) The point on the celestial sphere toward which the Sun appears to move relative to nearby stars.
szczyt
(botany) The end of a leaf, petal or similar organ opposed to the end where it is attached to its support.

apex predator apex predators n
drapieżnik alfa drapieżnik szczytowy
An animal atop the food chain, preying on another animals, and not itself preyed upon.

aphagia aphagias n
afagia zaburzenie połykania
(medicine) The condition of difficulty in swallowing.

aphagic adj
afagiczny

aphanite /ˈæf.əˌnaɪt/ aphanites n
afanit

aphanitic /ˌæf.əˈnɪt.ɪk/ more aphanitic most aphanitic adj
afanitowy
(geology, petrology) Pertaining to aphanites, igneous rocks composed of microscopic mineral crystals (fine grains too small to be visible to the naked eye.

aphasia /əˈfeɪzɪə/ /əˈfeɪʒə/ aphasias n
afazja
(pathology) A partial or total loss of language skills due to brain damage. Usually, damage to the left perisylvian region, including Broca's area and Wernicke's area, causes aphasia.

aphasic /əˈfeɪzək/ /əˈfeɪ̯zɪk/ more aphasic most aphasic adj
afatyczny afazyjny
(speech pathology) Affected by, or pertaining to, aphasia.

aphasic /əˈfeɪzək/ /əˈfeɪ̯zɪk/ aphasics n
afatyczka afatyk
(speech pathology) One who is afflicted by symptoms of aphasia.

aphasically more aphasically most aphasically adv
afatycznie
In an aphasic manner.

aphasiological adj
afazjologiczny
(speech therapy) Of or relating to aphasiology.

aphasiologist aphasiologists n
afazjolog
(speech therapy) One who studies or practices aphasiology.

aphasiology n
afazjologia
(speech therapy) The study of linguistic problems resulting from brain damage.

aphelian adj
apheliczny
(astronomy) Relating to aphelion

aphelion /æpˈhi.li.ə/ /æpˈhi.li.ən/ /æpˈhil.jə/ /æpˈhil.jən/ /æpˈhiː.lɪ.ə/ /æpˈhiː.lɪ.ən/ /əˈfi.li.ə/ /əˈfi.li.ən/ /əˈfil.jə/ /əˈfil.jən/ /əˈfiː.lɪ.ə/ /əˈfiː.lɪ.ən/ aphelia aphelions n
aphelium afelium
(astronomy, also, figuratively) The point in the elliptical orbit of a comet, planet, or other astronomical object, where it is farthest from the Sun.

aphemia aphemias n
afemia
A type of aphasia in which the ability to speak is lost or severely impaired.

apheresis /əˈfɛɹəsɪs/ /əˈfɪəɹɪsɪs/ /ˌæfəˈɹisɪs/ aphereses n
afereza
(phonetics, linguistics, prosody) Elision, suppression, or complete loss of a letter or sound (syllable) from the beginning of a word, such as the development of special from especial; procope.

aphid /ˈeɪ.fɪd/ aphids n
mszyca
A sap-sucking insect pest of the superfamily Aphidoidea; an aphidian.

aphonia aphonias n
afonia bezgłos
(medicine) Loss of voice; the inability to speak.

aphonic adj
afoniczny bezgłośny niemy
Of, relating to, or exhibiting aphonia; unable to speak.

aphorism /ˈæf.ə.ɹɪ.zəm/ [ˈæf.ə.ɹɪ.zm̩] aphorisms n
aforyzm maksyma sentencja
A concise, terse, laconic, or memorable expression of a general truth or principle.

aphorist aphorists n
aforysta aforystka
A person who creates or recites aphorisms.

aphoristic /æfəˈɹɪstɪk/ more aphoristic most aphoristic adj
aforystyczny aforyzmowy
Of, relating to, or containing aphorisms, epigrams, or maxims; gnomic.

aphoristically more aphoristically most aphoristically adv
aforystycznie
In an aphoristic manner.

aphoristicity n
aforystyczność

aphoristicness n
aforystyczność

aphotic /eɪˈfoʊtɪk/ /eɪˈfəʊtɪk/ more aphotic most aphotic adj
afotyczny
Having no light, especially no sunlight; specifically (biology, oceanography) describing that part of deep lakes and oceans where less than one per cent of sunlight penetrates and where photosynthesis is not possible.

aphotic zone aphotic zones n
strefa afotyczna
(oceanography) That part of the deep body of an ocean or lake that receives insufficient sunlight for photosynthesis to be possible.

aphrodisiac /æf.ɹoʊ.ˈdi.zi.æk/ /æf.ɹoʊ.ˈdɪ.zi.æk/ aphrodisiacs n
afrodyzjak
Something, generally a food or drug, having such an effect.

aphthous ulcer aphthous ulcers n
afta

aphysiological adj
afizjologiczny

apiarian /eɪpɪˈɛəɹɪən/ adj
pszczelarski
Pertaining to bees or beekeeping.

apiarian /eɪpɪˈɛəɹɪən/ apiarians n
pszczelarz
An apiarist; a beekeeper.

apiary /ˈeɪ.pi.ə.ɹi/ /ˈeɪ.pi.ɛɹ.i/ apiaries n
pasieka
A place where bees and their hives are kept.

apicoalveolar adj
apikalno-alweolarny apikalny dziąsłowy
(phonetics, of a sound) Articulated with the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge.

apiol apiols n
apiol
(organic chemistry) An oleoresin extracted from parsley

apiology n
apiologia
The scientific study of bees and honey-making.

apitherapy n
apioterapia apiterapia
The medical use of bee products such as honey, pollen, propolis, royal jelly, and bee venom.

aplanat aplanats n
aplanat
(optics) A lens that has been corrected for spherical aberration and coma in order to produce a rectilinear image.

aplanatic more aplanatic most aplanatic adj
aplanatyczny
(optics, of an optical system) Free from, or corrected for, spherical aberration and chromatic aberration

aplasia aplasias n
aplazja
(pathology) A condition marked by the incomplete development, or entire absence, of an organ or tissue.

aplastic anemia aplastic anemias n
anemia aplastyczna niedokrwistość aplastyczna
(disease, hematology) A rare disease in which the bone marrow and the hematopoietic stem cells that reside there are damaged, causing pancytopenia.

aplenty /əˈplɛnti/ adj
w bród
(postpositive) In a generous or overlarge quantity.

aplite aplites n
aplit
(geology) A fine-grained granitic rock composed mostly of quartz and feldspars.

apnea apneas n
bezdech
(pathology) The cessation of breathing, most often in reference to transient instances thereof during sleep.

apo- prefix
apo-
away from, or separate

apocalypse /əˈpɑkəlɪps/ /əˈpɒkəlɪps/ apocalypses n
apokalipsa objawienie
(Christianity) The unveiling of events prophesied in the Revelation; the second coming and the end of life on Earth; global destruction. [from 19th c.]
apokalipsa
A disaster; a cataclysmic event; destruction or ruin. [from 19th c.]

apocalyptic /əˈpɒ.kə.lɪp.tɪk/ adj
apokaliptyczny
Of or relating to an apocalypse (a revelation), revelatory; prophetic.
Of or relating to an apocalypse (a disaster).

apocalyptically /əˈpɒ.kə.lɪp.tɪkəli/ adv
apokaliptycznie
In an apocalyptic manner.

apocatastasis apocatastases n
apokatastaza
(especially, religion, rare) An apocalypse leading to the remaking of the world rather than a Final Judgment, (Christianity) an Origenist doctrine condemned by the 543 C.E. Synod of Constantinople.

apocope /əˈpɒ.kə.pi/ apocopes n
apokopa
(loosely) The loss or omission of a sound or syllable from the end of a word.

apocrypha /əˈpɒk.ɹə.fə/ apocrypha n
apokryf
Something, as a writing, that is of doubtful authorship or authority (formerly also used attributively).

apocryphal /əˈpɑːkɹəfəl/ /əˈpɑːkɹɪfəl/ /əˈpɒkɹəfəl/ /əˈpɒkɹɪfəl/ more apocryphal most apocryphal adj
apokryficzny apokryfowy
(Christianity) Of, or pertaining to, the Apocrypha.
(by extension) Of dubious veracity; of questionable accuracy or truthfulness; anecdotal or in the nature of an urban legend.

apocryphalness n
apokryficzność
The state or condition of being apocryphal.

apodictic /apoʊˈdɪktɪk/ /apəʊˈdaɪktɪk/ /apəʊˈdɪktɪk/ /æpəˈdɪktɪk/ more apodictic most apodictic adj
apodyktyczny
Incontrovertible; demonstrably true or certain.

apodictically more apodictically most apodictically adv
apodyktycznie
(logic) In an apodictical manner.

apodicticity n
apodyktyczność
(logic) The state of being apodictic

apodosis /əˈpɒdəsɪs/ apodoses n
następnik
(logic, grammar) The consequential clause in a conditional sentence.

apoenzyme apoenzymes n
apoenzym
(enzyme) An inactive haloenzyme lacking a cofactor.

apogamic adj
apogamiczny
(botany) Of or relating to apogamy.

apogamy /əˈpɒɡəmɪ/ n
apogamia
(botany) Asexual reproduction of a fully formed plant directly from a bud.

apogee /ˈæp.ə.d͡ʒi/ apogees n
apogeum
(astronomy) The point, in an orbit about the Earth, that is farthest from the Earth: the apoapsis of an Earth orbiter.

apolipoprotein apolipoproteins n
apolipoproteina
(protein) Any polypeptide or protein that can serve as an apoprotein by binding with a lipid to form a lipoprotein.

apolitical more apolitical most apolitical adj
apolityczny
Having no interest or involvement in politics; Disinterest in such matters.

apoliticality n
apolityczność

apologetic /əˌpɑləˈd͡ʒɛtɪk/ /əˌpɒləˈdʒɛtɪk/ more apologetic most apologetic adj
przepraszający skruszony
Having the character of apology; regretfully excusing.
apologetyczny
(dated) Defending by words or arguments; said or written in defense.

apologetically more apologetically most apologetically adv
przepraszająco
In an apologetic manner; by way of defense, apology or excuse.

apologetics n
apologetyka
The field of study concerned with the systematic defense of a position, or of religious or occult doctrines

apologist /əˈpɒl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/ apologists n
apologeta apologetyk apologetka
One who speaks or writes in defense of a faith, a cause, or an institution.

apologize /əˈpɑləd͡ʒaɪz/ /əˈpɒləd͡ʒaɪz/ v
przepraszać apologizować przeprosić
(intransitive, often followed by “for”) To make an apology or excuse; to acknowledge some fault or offense, with expression of regret for it, by way of amends
(intransitive, dated) To make an apologia or defense; to act as apologist.
przepraszać przeprosić
(intransitive) To express regret that a certain event has occurred.

apologue /ˈæpəlɒɡ/ apologues n
apolog
A short story with a moral, often involving talking animals or objects; a fable.

apology /əˈpɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /əˈpɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ apologies n
przeprosiny przeproszenie
An expression of remorse or regret for having said or done something that harmed another: an instance of apologizing (saying that one is sorry).
apologia apologetyka
A formal justification, defence.

apomixis apomixes n
apomiksja
(botany) Plant reproduction without fertilization, meiosis, or the production of gametes.
(zoology) Animal reproduction in which the egg cell does not undergo meiosis or fertilization.

aponeurosis /ˌap.ə.njʊˈɹəʊ.sɪs/ /ˌæp.ə.nʊˈɹoʊ.sɪs/ aponeuroses n
rozcięgno

apophenia /æpəˈfiːni.ə/ apophenias n
apofenia
(psychology) The perception of or belief in connectedness among unrelated phenomena.

apophonic more apophonic most apophonic adj
alternacyjny apofoniczny przegłosowy
Of, pertaining to or characterized by apophony.

apophysis /əˈpɑfɪsɪs/ /əˈpɒfɪsɪs/ apophyses n
apofiza
(anatomy) A natural outgrowth, swelling or enlargement, usually of an organism; a protuberance on a bone.
(botany) The external part of a cone scale.
(geology) A branch of a dike or vein.

apoplectic /ˌæp.əˈplɛk.tɪk/ more apoplectic most apoplectic adj
apoplektyczny
(medicine) Of or relating to apoplexy.

apoplectic /ˌæp.əˈplɛk.tɪk/ apoplectics n
apoplektyczka apoplektyk
A person suffering from apoplexy.

apoplectically more apoplectically most apoplectically adv
apoplektycznie
In an apoplectic manner.

apoplexy /ˈæp.ə.plɛk.si/ apoplexies n
apopleksja
(symptom) Gross hemorrhage into a cavity or into the substance of an organ.

apoptosis /ˌapɒpˈtəʊsɪs/ /ˌæ.pəˈtoʊ.sɪs/ /ˌæpəpˈtoʊsəs/ apoptoses n
apoptoza
(biology, cytology) A process of programmed cell death by which cells undergo an ordered sequence of events which leads to death of the cell, as occurs during growth and development of the organism, as a part of normal cell aging, or as a response to cellular injury. [from 20th c.]

aporia /əˈpɔɹiə/ /əˈpɔːɹɪə/ aporias n
aporia
(rhetoric) An expression of deliberation with oneself regarding uncertainty or doubt as to how to proceed.
(philosophy, post-structuralism) An insoluble contradiction, especially in a text's meaning; a logical impasse suggested by a text or speaker.

aporophobia n
strach przed biednymi
(rare) A strong antipathy, aversion or hatred toward poverty or poor people.

aposelene aposelenes n
aposelenium

aposematism /-pə-/ /ˌæpoʊsɪˈmætɪz(ə)m/ /ˌæpə(ʊ)sɪˈmætɪz(ə)m/ [-ɾɪ-] aposematisms n
aposematyczne ubarwienie ostrzegawcze
(biology, chiefly, zoology) An adaptation, especially a form of coloration, that warns off potential predators.

aposiopesis /ˌæpəsaɪəˈpiːsɪs/ aposiopeses n
aposjopeza apozjopeza
(rhetoric) An abrupt breaking-off in speech, often indicated in print using an ellipsis (…) or an em dash (—).

apostasy /əˈpɒ.stə.si/ /əˈpɔs.tə.si/ apostasies n
apostazja odstępstwo odszczepieństwo
The renunciation of a belief or set of beliefs.
apostazja
Specifically, the renunciation of one's religion or faith.

apostate /əˈpɒs.teɪt/ /əˈpɒs.tət/ /əˈpɔs.teɪt/ /əˈpɔs.tət/ /əˈpɔs.tɪt/ adj
apostatyczny
Guilty of apostasy.

apostate /əˈpɒs.teɪt/ /əˈpɒs.tət/ /əˈpɔs.teɪt/ /əˈpɔs.tət/ /əˈpɔs.tɪt/ apostates n
apostata apostatka odstępca odstępczyni
A person who has renounced a religion or faith.

apostille apostilles n
apostille
A special sign established in 1961 for certifying foreign documents.

apostle /əˈpɑsl̩/ /əˈpɒs(ə)l/ apostles n
apostoł apostołka
A missionary, or leader of a religious mission, especially one in the early Christian Church (but see Apostle).

apostleship apostleships n
apostolat
The position, post, or duty of being an apostle

apostolate apostolates n
apostolat
The office, or responsibilities of an apostle.
apostolat apostolstwo
A group of people that exists for the spreading of religious doctrine.

apostolic /ˌæpəˈstɑːlɪk/ /ˌæpəˈstɒlɪk/ adj
apostolski papieski
(Christianity) Pertaining to apostles or their practice of teaching; pertaining to the apostles (of early Christianity) or their teachings.
Of or pertaining to the pope or the papacy; papal.
apostolski
According to the doctrines of the apostles; delivered or taught by the apostles.

apostolic succession apostolic successions n
sukcesja apostolska
(Christianity) The unbroken chain of consecrations by laying on of hands from the Apostles of Jesus Christ to the bishops, and from to bishop to bishop through the ages.

apostrophe /əˈpɑs.tɹə.fi/ /əˈpɒs.tɹə.fi/ apostrophes n
apostrof apostrofa
(orthography) The text character ’, which serves as a punctuation mark in various languages and as a diacritical mark in certain rare contexts.
apostrofa
(rhetoric) A sudden exclamatory piece of dialogue addressed to someone or something, especially absent.

apostropheless adj
bez apostrofu bez apostrofy

apostrophic adj
apostroficzny
(rhetoric) Pertaining to the rhetoric use of, or using, apostrophe (sudden, exclamatory dialogue).

apostrophically adv
apostroficznie
(rhetoric) Using apostrophe; with sudden exclamatory dialogue.

apostrophize v
apostrofować
To add one or more apostrophe characters to text to indicate missing letters.

apothecium apothecia n
apotecjum miseczka
(lichenology & mycology) A type of fructification of some ascomycete fungi, forming cyst structures of various shapes. Often the fungal components of lichens have this sort of fertile structure.

apothegm /ˈæ.pə.θɛm/ apothegms n
apoftegmat
A short, witty, instructive saying; an aphorism or maxim. [from mid-16th c.]

apothem /ˈæp.ə.θɛm/ apothems n
apotema
(geometry) The perpendicular distance from the center of a circle to a chord of the same circle.
(geometry) The distance from the center of a regular polygon perpendicular to one of its sides (a special case of the above).

apotheosis /əˌpɑː.θiˈoʊ.sɪs/ /əˌpɒθ.iːˈəʊ.sɪs/ apotheoses n
apoteoza
Glorification, exaltation; crediting someone or something with extraordinary power or status.

apotheosize v
apoteozować
(transitive) To deify, to convert into a god.
(transitive) To exalt, glorify.

apotropaic /ˌæpətɹəˈpeɪ.ɪk/ more apotropaic most apotropaic adj
apotropaiczny apotropeiczny
(religion, mysticism) Intended to ward off evil. [from 1883]

apotropaism n
apotropaizm
(religion, mysticism) The use of ritual or other magical means (including charms and/or incantations) to avert evil or bad luck.

app /æp/ [ʔæʔp̚] apps n
apka aplikacja
(computing, mobile phones) An application (program), especially a small one designed for a mobile device.

appall /əˈpɔːl/ v
bulwersować zbulwersować
(intransitive, obsolete) To grow faint; to become weak; to become dismayed or discouraged.

appalling /əˈpɔːlɪŋ/ more appalling most appalling adj
przerażający zatrważający
Horrifying and astonishing.
Extremely bad; terrible

apparatchik /apəˈɹatʃɪk/ /æpəˈɹæt͡ʃɪk/ apparatchiki apparatchiks n
aparatczyk
(historical) A member of the Soviet apparat; a Communist bureaucrat or agent. [from 20th c.]
A blindly loyal bureaucrat. [from 20th c.]

apparatus /æp.əˈɹeɪ.təs/ /æp.əˈɹæt.əs/ /æp.əˈɹɑː.təs/ apparati apparatus apparatuses apparatusses apparatûs apparatūs n
aparat aparatura instrumentarium
The entirety of means whereby a specific production is made existent or task accomplished.
(collective) An assortment of tools and instruments.
aparat
A complex machine or instrument.
A bureaucratic organization, especially one influenced by political patronage.

apparent /əˈpæɹ.ənt/ /əˈpɛɚ.ənt/ more apparent most apparent adj
widoczny
Capable of being seen, or easily seen; open to view; visible to the eye, eyely; within sight or view.
oczywisty
Clear or manifest to the understanding; plain; evident; obvious; known; palpable; indubitable.
pozorny
Appearing to the eye or mind (distinguished from, but not necessarily opposed to, true or real); seeming.

apparently /əˈpæɹ.ənt.liː/ more apparently most apparently adv
najwyraźniej
(archaic) Plainly; clearly; manifestly; evidently.
widocznie pozornie pewnie widać zapewne
Seemingly; in appearance.
podobno ponoć rzekomo
According to what the speaker has read or heard.

apparition /ˌæp.əɹˈɪʃn̩/ /ˌæp.ɚˈɪ.ʃən/ /ˌæp.ɚˈɪʃ.n̩/ apparitions n
pojawienie
An act of becoming visible; appearance; visibility.
zjawisko
The thing appearing; a visible object; a form.
zjawa
An unexpected, wonderful, or preternatural appearance; especially something such as a ghost or phantom.

appaz /əˈpæz/ adv
podobno

appeal /əˈpil/ /əˈpiːl/ appeals n
apelacja rewizja
An application to a superior court or judge for a decision or order by an inferior court or judge to be reviewed and overturned.

appeal /əˈpil/ /əˈpiːl/ v
apelować odwołać się odwoływać się zaapelować
(intransitive) Often followed by against (the inferior court's decision) or to (the superior court): to apply to a superior court or judge for a decision or order by an inferior court or judge to be reviewed and overturned.
apelować podobać się spodobać się zaapelować
(intransitive) To call upon a person or an authority to corroborate a statement, to decide a controverted question, or to vindicate one's rights; to entreat, to invoke.
podobać się spodobać się
(intransitive, figuratively) To be attractive.

appear /əˈpiːɹ/ /əˈpɪə/ /əˈpɪɹ/ [əˈpʰɪɹ] v
pojawiać się pojawić się ukazać się ukazywać się zjawiać się zjawić się
(intransitive) To come or be in sight; to be in view; to become visible.
stanąć stawić się
(intransitive) To stand in presence of some authority, tribunal, or superior person, to answer a charge, plead a cause, etc.; to present oneself as a party or advocate before a court, or as a person to be tried.
zdawać się
(intransitive, copulative) To seem; to have a certain semblance; to look.

appearance /əˈpɪɹ.əns/ appearances n
stawiennictwo
The act of appearing or coming into sight; the act of becoming visible to the eye.
zjawisko
A thing seen; a phenomenon; an apparition.
wygląd aparycja powierzchowność
The way something looks; personal presence
(legal) An instance of someone coming into a court of law to be part of a trial, either in person or represented by an attorney or such like; a court appearance

appeasement /əˈpiːz.mənt/ appeasements n
appeasement
The state of being appeased; the policy of giving in to demands in order to preserve the peace.

appellant /əˈpɛln̩t/ adj
apelacyjny
(law) of or relating to appeals; appellate

appellant /əˈpɛln̩t/ appellants n
apelant
(law) a litigant or party that is making an appeal in court

appellate /əˈpɛlət/ adj
apelacyjny
That can be (legally) appealed to, especially of a court that hears appeals of decisions by a lower court.

appellate court appellate courts n
sąd apelacyjny
(legal) A court having jurisdiction to hear appeals and review a lower court's decisions.

appellation /ˌæpəˈleɪʃən/ appellations n
apelacja
A geographical indication for wine that describes its geographic origin.

appellativization appellativizations n
apelatywizacja
(linguistics) The process of a proper name becoming a common noun.

append /əˈpɛnd/ /ʌˈpɛnd/ v
doczepić dołączyć
(transitive) To hang or attach to, as by a string, so that the thing is suspended

appendageless adj
bez dodatku bez kończyn

appendectomy appendectomies n
wycięcie ślepej kiszki
(surgery) The surgical procedure for the removal of the vermiform appendix.

appendicitis /əˈpɛnd.ɪ.saɪt.əs/ appendicites appendicitides appendicitises n
zapalenie wyrostka zapalenie wyrostka robaczkowego
(pathology) inflammation of the vermiform appendix

appendix /əˈpɛn.dɪks/ /əˈpɪn.dɪks/ appendices appendixes n
aneks apendyks appendix dodatek uzupełnienie załącznik
A text added to the end of a book or an article, containing additional information.

appendixless adj
bez wyrostka robaczkowego

apperceive v
apercepcja
(psychology) To be aware of perceiving; to understand a perception by linking it mentally with a mass of existing ideas of the same object.

apperception /ˌæpəˈsɛpʃən/ /ˌæpɚˈsɛpʃən/ apperceptions n
apercepcja
(uncountable, psychology, and, philosophy, especially Kantianism) The mind's perception of itself as the subject or actor in its own states, unifying past and present experiences; self-consciousness, perception that reflects upon itself.
(uncountable) Psychological or mental perception; recognition.
apercepcja samoświadomość
(countable, psychology) The general process or a particular act of mental assimilation of new experience into the totality of one's past experience.

appertisation n
apertyzacja
preservation of food by canning (or a similar earlier method using glass bottles)

appetite /ˈæpəˌtaɪt/ /ˈæpɪtaɪt/ appetites n
apetyt
Any strong desire; an eagerness or longing.
apetyt żądza
The desire for some personal gratification, either of the body or of the mind.

appetite comes with eating phraseologicalUnit
apetyt rośnie w miarę jedzenia
(idiom) Starting an activity increases one's desire to continue it.

appetiteless adj
bez apetytu

appetitelessness n
brak apetytu

appetizer appetizers n
zakąska
A small, light, and usually savory first course in a meal

appetizing /ˈæp.ə.taɪz.ɪŋ/ more appetizing most appetizing adj
apetyczny
That appeals to, or stimulates the appetite.

appetizingly /ˈæpəˌtaɪzɪŋli/ more appetizingly most appetizingly adv
apetycznie
In an appetizing manner.

appetizingness n
apetyczność
The state of being appetizing

applaud /əˈplɑd/ /əˈplɔd/ /əˈplɔːd/ v
oklaskiwać klaskać bić brawo
(transitive, intransitive) To express approval (of something) by clapping the hands.

applause /əˈplɑz/ /əˈplɔz/ /əˈplɔːz/ applauses n
aplauz poklask oklaski brawa
The act of applauding; approbation and praise publicly expressed by the clapping of hands, stamping or tapping of the feet, acclamation, huzzas, or other means; marked commendation.

applauseless adj
bez aplauzu

apple /ˈæp.əl/ [ˈæp.ɫ̩] apples n
jabłko
(Christianity) The fruit of the tree of knowledge, eaten by Adam and Eve according to modern Christian tradition; the forbidden fruit. [from 11th c.]
jabłoń
The wood of the apple tree. [from 19th c.]

apple cider vinegar apple cider vinegars n
ocet jabłkowy
A vinegar, made from cider or apple must along with yeast and bacteria, that has been matured in wooden barrels.

apple core apple cores n
ogryzek
The central portion of an apple containing the seeds and where the stem attaches (and the opposed end). Particularly the portion that remains after the main part of the fruit has been eaten.

apple juice apple juices n
sok jabłkowy
The juice of apples, often used as a drink.

apple mint apple mints n
jabłkowa mięta mięta jabłkowa mięta wonna
Any herb with aroma or taste reminiscent of apple and mint, used for flavoring, herbal teas, and jellies.

apple of Sodom /ˈæp(ə)l əv ˈsɑdəm/ /ˈæp(ə)l əv ˈsɒdəm/ apples of Sodom n
mleczara wyniosła
The mudar (Calotropis procera), a flowering plant, found from northern Africa to southeast Asia, which bears poisonous fruit.

apple of discord /ˈæp(ə)l əv ˈdɪskɔɹd/ /ˈæp(ə)l əv ˈdɪskɔːd/ apples of discord n
kość niezgody jabłko niezgody
An object or topic which sows anger and dissension; something which causes argument, rivalry, or strife.

apple of someone's eye apples of someone's eye n
oczko w głowie
(idiomatic) A favourite, a particular preference, or a loved one; the object of somebody's affections.

apple pear apple pears n
grusza chińska
Pyrus pyrifolia, the tree that bears this fruit.

apple pie /ˌæp.əlˈpaɪ/ /ˌæp.əlˈpɑɪ/ [ˌæp.ɫ̩ˈpaɪ] [ˌæp.ɫ̩ˈpɑɪ] apple pies n
jabłecznik szarlotka
A pie or tart made with a filling of cooked apples.

apple rose apple roses n
róża jabłkowata
Rosa villosa

apple tree /ˈæpl̩ tɹi/ /ˈæpl̩ tɹiː/ apple trees n
jabłoń
(botany) Any tree that bears apples, principally Malus domestica but also certain wild species.

apple turnover apple turnovers n
jabłecznik
A pastry dessert filled with pieces of sweetened apples, with the pastry folded over to enclose the filling.

apple-cheeked more apple-cheeked most apple-cheeked adj
rumiany
Having round red cheeks.

apple-corer apple-corers n
drylownica do jabłek wydrążacz do jabłek
A tool used to remove the apple core from an apple for use in cooking; some forms of the tool segment the apple at the same time as removing its core.

appleless adj
bez jabłek

apples and oranges n
dwie różne rzeczy
(idiomatic) A comparison of items that, however categorically similar, is inapt; an incompatible equation, or the items thus compared.

applet applets n
aplet
(computing) A small program module that runs under the control of a larger application, typically a web browser.

appliance /əˈplaɪəns/ appliances n
urządzenie
A non-manual apparatus or device, powered electrically or by another small motor, used in homes to perform domestic functions (household appliance) and/or in offices.

applicable /əˈplɪkəbəl/ /ˈæplɪkəbəl/ more applicable most applicable adj
dotyczący odnoszący się odpowiedni
suitable for application, relevant

applicant /ˈæp.lə.kɪnt/ applicants n
kandydat kandydatka
One who applies for something; one who makes a request; a petitioner.

applicate applicates n
współrzędna Z
(mathematics) The z-coordinate (the last of the three terms by which a point is referred to, in a system of Cartesian coordinates for a three-dimensional space)

application /ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən/ /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃən/ applications n
aplikacja
The act of applying or laying on, in a literal sense
The act of directing or referring something to a particular case, to discover or illustrate agreement or disagreement, fitness, or correspondence.
(bureaucracy, legal) A petition, entreaty, or other request, with the adposition for denoting the subject matter.
aplikacja zastosowanie stosowanie
The act of applying as a means; the employment of means to accomplish an end; specific use.
aplikacja program komputerowy
(computing) A computer program or the set of software that the end user perceives as a single entity as a tool for a well-defined purpose. (Also called: application program; application software.)
aplikacja wniosek
A verbal or written request for assistance or employment or admission to a school, course or similar.

applicational more applicational most applicational adj
aplikacyjny
Of or pertaining to an application.

applicator applicators n
aplikator
A tool or device used to apply a fluid or semi-fluid substance to a surface.

applied /əˈplaɪd/ adj
stosowany
Put into practical use.

applied arts n
sztuka użytkowa
The art of using of design and decoration to make everyday usable items aesthetically pleasing.

applied linguistics n
lingwistyka stosowana
(linguistics) The interdisciplinary field of linguistics that identifies, investigates and offers solutions to language-related real-life problems.

applied mathematics n
matematyka stosowana
(mathematics) Mathematics used to solve problems in other sciences such as physics, engineering or electronics, as opposed to pure mathematics.

applique /əˈpliː.keɪ/ /ˈæ.plɪ.keɪ/ /ˌæ.plɪˈ.keɪ/ appliques n
aplika aplikacja
(arts) A decorative design made by cutting pieces of material and applying them to the surface of another for decoration.

apply /əˈplaɪ/ v
zastosować
(transitive) To put to use; to use or employ for a particular purpose, or in a particular case
aplikować
(intransitive) To submit oneself as a candidate (with the adposition "to" designating the recipient of the submission, and the adposition "for" designating the position).

appoint /əˈpɔɪnt/ v
umawiać umówić
(transitive, legal) To fix the disposition of (property) by designating someone to take use of (it).

appointment /əˈpɔɪnt.mɛnt/ /əˈpɔɪnt.mɪnt/ [əˈpʰɔɪ̯nʔmɪnʔ] [əˈpʰɔɪ̯̃ʔmɪnʔ] appointments n
przeznaczenie
The act of appointing a person to hold an office or to have a position of trust
przeznaczenie wizyta
(government) The assignment of a person by an official to perform a duty, such as a presidential appointment of a judge to a court.

apport /əˈpɔɹt/ /əˈpɔːt/ apports n
aport
(parapsychology) The supposed paranormal transference of an object from one place to another, or the appearance of an object from an unknown source, often associated with poltergeist activity and séances.
(parapsychology) An object that appears from an unknown source.

apport /əˈpɔɹt/ /əˈpɔːt/ v
aportować zaaportować

apportionment apportionments n
aport
(US) The distribution of members of the House of Representatives according to the population of the various states.

apposite /əˈpɑ.zɪt/ /əˈpɒz.ɪt/ /ˈæp.ə.zɪt/ more apposite most apposite adj
stosowny właściwy
Strikingly appropriate or relevant; well suited to the circumstance or in relation to something.

apposition /ˌæpəˈzɪʃn̩/ appositions n
apozycja
(grammar) A construction in which one noun or noun phrase is placed with another as an explanatory equivalent, both of them having the same syntactic function in the sentence.
(biology) The growth of successive layers of a cell wall.

appositional more appositional most appositional adj
apozycyjny
Relating to apposition.

appraisal /əˈpɹeɪzəl/ appraisals n
ocena wycena
A judgment or assessment of the value of something, especially a formal one.

appraise /əˈpɹeɪz/ v
wyceniać wycenić
(transitive) To determine the value or worth of (something), particularly as a person appointed for this purpose.

appraiser appraisers n
rzeczoznawca rzeczoznawczyni
One who performs appraisals.

appreciate /əˈpɹiː.si.eɪt/ /əˈpɹiː.ʃi.eɪt/ /əˈpɹɪʃ.i.eɪt/ v
doceniać docenić
(transitive) To be grateful or thankful for.
(transitive) To view as valuable.
rozumieć zdawać sobie sprawę zdać sobie sprawę zrozumieć
(transitive) To be fully conscious of; understand; be aware of; detect.
drożeć zdrożeć zyskać (na wartości) zyskiwać (na wartości)
(intransitive, transitive) To increase in value.

appreciation /əˌpɹiː.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən/ appreciations n
uznanie
A fair valuation or estimate of merit, worth, weight, etc.; recognition of excellence; gratitude and esteem.
aprecjacja
A rise in value.

appreciational adj
aprecjacyjny

apprehend /æpɹiˈhɛnd/ v
aresztować zatrzymać zatrzymywać
(law enforcement) To seize or take (a person) by legal process; to arrest.

apprehension /æp.ɹiˈhɛn.ʃən/ /æp.ɹɪˈhɛn.ʃən/ apprehensions n
zatrzymanie
(legal) The act of seizing or taking by legal process; arrest.

apprehensive /ˌæpɹɪˈhɛnsɪv/ more apprehensive most apprehensive adj
niespokojny strwożony zaniepokojony zatroskany
Anticipating something with anxiety, fear, or doubt; reluctant.
pojętny
(obsolete) Perceptive; quick to learn; capable of understanding using one's intellect.

apprentice /əˈpɹɛntɪs/ apprentices n
uczeń terminator adept adeptka uczennica
A trainee, especially in a skilled trade.

apprise /əˈpɹaɪz/ v
zawiadamiać zawiadomić
To make (someone or oneself) aware of some information; to inform, to notify.

approach /əˈpɹoʊt͡ʃ/ /əˈpɹəʊt͡ʃ/ approaches n
dostęp nadejście podejście zbliżenie
(also, figuratively) An act of drawing near in place or time; an advancing or coming near.
dojazd podjazd
(also, figuratively) An avenue, passage, or way by which a building or place can be approached; an access.
podejście
(figuratively) A manner of making (a policy) or solving (a problem, etc.).
dostęp
(archaic) An opportunity of drawing near; access.

approach /əˈpɹoʊt͡ʃ/ /əˈpɹəʊt͡ʃ/ v
podchodzić nadciągać nadciągnąć podejść zblizać się zblizyć się
(intransitive) To come or go near, in place or time; to move toward; to advance nearer; to draw nigh.
(ambitransitive, figuratively) Used intransitively, followed by to: to draw near (to someone or something); to make advances; to approximate or become almost equal.

approbative /əˈpɹoʊˈbeɪ.tɪv/ /əˈpɹəʊ.beɪ.tɪv/ /ˈæp.ɹəˌbeɪ.tɪv/ more approbative most approbative adj
aprobatywny aprobujący
Sanctioning officially, giving authorization or approval to something.

appropriate /əˈpɹoʊ.pɹi.eɪt/ /əˈpɹoʊ.pɹi.ət/ /əˈpɹoʊ.pɹi.ɪt/ /əˈpɹəʊ.pɹi.eɪt/ /əˈpɹəʊ.pɹi.ət/ /əˈpɹəʊ.pɹi.ɪt/ more appropriate most appropriate adj
należyty odpowiedni stosowny właściwy
Suitable or fit; proper.
stosowny
Suitable to the social situation or to social respect or social discreetness; socially correct; socially discreet; well-mannered; proper.

appropriate /əˈpɹoʊ.pɹi.eɪt/ /əˈpɹoʊ.pɹi.ət/ /əˈpɹoʊ.pɹi.ɪt/ /əˈpɹəʊ.pɹi.eɪt/ /əˈpɹəʊ.pɹi.ət/ /əˈpɹəʊ.pɹi.ɪt/ v
przywłaszczyć sobie
(transitive) To set apart for, or assign to, a particular person or use, especially in exclusion of all others; with to or for.

appropriately more appropriately most appropriately adv
odpowiednio
In an appropriate manner; properly; suitably.

approval /əˈpɹuvəl/ /əˈpɹuːvəl/ approvals n
zatwierdzenie zgoda
An expression granting permission; an indication of agreement with a proposal; an acknowledgement that a person, thing, or event meets requirements.
aprobata
An expression of favorable acceptance and encouragement; a compliment that also condones.

approve /əˈpɹuːv/ v
zatwierdzać zatwierdzić
(transitive) To officially sanction; to ratify; to confirm; to set as satisfactory.
aprobować pochwalać zaaprobować
(transitive) To regard as good; to commend; to be pleased with; to think well of.
aprobować zaaprobować
(transitive, archaic) To make proof of; to demonstrate; to prove or show practically.
(intransitive, followed by "of") To consider worthy (to); to be pleased (with); to accept.

approving /əˈpɹuː.vɪŋ/ more approving most approving adj
aprobujący
Expressing approbation; commending

approvingly more approvingly most approvingly adv
aprobatywnie aprobująco
in an approving manner

approximate /ə.ˈpɹɑk.sə.meɪt/ /ə.ˈpɹɑk.sə.mət/ /ə.ˈpɹɑk.sɪ.mət/ /ə.ˈpɹɒk.sɪ.meɪt/ /ə.ˈpɹɒk.sɪ.mət/ more approximate most approximate adj
przybliżony
Nearing correctness; nearly exact; not perfectly accurate.

approximate /ə.ˈpɹɑk.sə.meɪt/ /ə.ˈpɹɑk.sə.mət/ /ə.ˈpɹɑk.sɪ.mət/ /ə.ˈpɹɒk.sɪ.meɪt/ /ə.ˈpɹɒk.sɪ.mət/ v
aproksymować zaproksymować
(transitive) To come near to; to approach.

approximately /əˈpɹɑk.sɪ.mət.li/ /əˈpɹɒk.sɪ.mət.li/ adv
około jako tako mniej więcej z grubsza
Imprecise but close to in quantity or amount.

approximation /əˌpɹɑk.sɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/ /əˌpɹɒk.sɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/ /əˌpɹɔk.sɪˈmæɪ.ʃən/ [əˌpɹɑk.sɪˈmeɪ.ʃn̩] [əˌpɹɒk.sɪˈmeɪ.ʃn̩] [əˌpɹɔk.sɪˈmæɪ.ʃn̩] approximations n
aproksymacja
(linguistics) The act of producing a near-simulation of the pronunciation of a foreign language for a loanword therefrom, or any given pronunciation resulting from that act.
(mathematics) An imprecise solution or result that is adequate for a defined purpose.

approximative more approximative most approximative adj
aproksymacyjny aproksymatywny
Of, relating to, or being an estimate or approximation.

apraxia /əˈpɹæksɪə/ apraxias n
apraksja
(neurology) Total or partial loss of the ability to perform coordinated movements or manipulate objects in the absence of motor or sensory impairment; specifically, a disorder of motor planning.

apricot /æepɹɪˈkɒt/ /æepɹɪˈkɔt/ /ˈeɪ.pɹɪ.kɑt/ /ˈeɪ.pɹɪ.kɒt/ /ˈæp.ɹɪ.kɑt/ more apricot most apricot adj
morelowy
Of a pale yellowish-orange colour, like that of an apricot.

apricot /æepɹɪˈkɒt/ /æepɹɪˈkɔt/ /ˈeɪ.pɹɪ.kɑt/ /ˈeɪ.pɹɪ.kɒt/ /ˈæp.ɹɪ.kɑt/ apricots n
morela
The apricot tree, Prunus armeniaca
morela morelowy
(color) A pale yellow-orange colour, like that of an apricot fruit.

apriorism apriorisms n
aprioryzm
(philosophy) The idea that some knowledge of the physical world can be derived logically from general principles.

apriorist apriorists n
apriorysta

apriority apriorities n
aprioryczność
(philosophy) The quality or state of being known a priori

apron /ˈeɪ.pəɹn/ /ˈeɪ.pɹən/ aprons n
fartuch
The loading, parking or roadway area immediately beside a railway station

apronless adj
bez fartucha

apropos /ˌæp.ɹəˈpoʊ/ /ˌæp.ɹəˈpəʊ/ more apropos most apropos adj
à propos dorzeczny stosowny
Of an appropriate or pertinent nature.

apropos /ˌæp.ɹəˈpoʊ/ /ˌæp.ɹəˈpəʊ/ adv
à propos
By the way.
à propos odpowiednio stosownie
Timely; at a good time.

apropos /ˌæp.ɹəˈpoʊ/ /ˌæp.ɹəˈpəʊ/ preposition
à propos
Regarding or concerning.

apse /æps/ apses apsides n
apsyda absyda
(architecture) A semicircular projection from a building, especially the rounded east end of a church that contains the altar.

apse chapel apse chapels n
kaplica z apsydą

apsis /ˈæpsɪs/ apses apsides n
apsyda absyda
(architecture) A recess or projection, with a dome or vault, at the east end of a church; an apse.
(astronomy) Either of the points in the elliptical orbit of a planet, comet, or moon where it is closest or furthest from the body it orbits; examples are perihelion, aphelion, perigee, and apogee

aptly /ˈæp(t).li/ more aptly most aptly adv
odpowiednio trafnie
In an apt or suitable manner; fittingly; appropriately; suitably

apéritif /ɑːˌpɛɹɪˈtiːf/ /əˌpɛɹɪˈtiːf/ apéritifs n
aperitif
An alcoholic drink served before a meal as an appetiser.

aqua regia /ˈɑː.kwə ˈɹeɪ.ɡi.ə/ /ˌækwə ˈɹiː.ʒə/ n
woda królewska
(inorganic chemistry, archaic) A mixture of three parts concentrated hydrochloric acid to one part concentrated nitric acid, named for its ability to dissolve gold.

aqua vitae /ˌeɪkwə ˈvaɪti/ /ˌækwə ˈviːteɪ/ aquae vitae n
akwawita okowita
(alchemy) An aqueous solution of alcohol typically prepared by distilling wine.

aqua- prefix
akwa-
water

aquaculture aquacultures n
akwakultura
The cultivation of aquatic produce such as aquatic plants, fish, and other aquatic animals.

aquafaba /ˌækwəˈfɑːbə/ /ˌɑːkwəˈfɑːbə/ aquafabas n
akwafaba aquafaba
(cooking, neologism) The liquid left over from boiling chickpeas or similar beans, or from a can of chickpeas.

aquafortist aquafortists n
akwaforcista akwaforcistka

aqualung aqualungs n
akwalung
(underwater diving) A piece of equipment consisting of an oxygen tank and breathing apparatus used by divers to allow them to breathe underwater.

aquamanile aquamaniles aquamanilia n
akwamanila
(historical) A ewer or jug-like vessel, shaped like an animal or human figure, used for washing the hands.

aquamarine /ˌæk.wə.məˈɹiːn/ /ˌɑ.kwə.məˈɹiːn/ aquamarines n
akwamaryn akwamaryna
The bluish-green colour of the sea.
A transparent bluish-green, sometimes yellow-green, variety of beryl.

aquametrics n
akwametria
(chemistry) The analysis of trace amounts of water in a sample

aquanaut aquanauts n
akwanauta
An underwater explorer.

aquapark aquaparks n
akwapark aquapark
A water park.

aquaplane /ˈækwəpleɪn/ /ˈækwəˌpleɪn/ /ˌækwəˈpleɪn/ aquaplanes n
akwaplan
(originally, US, water sports) A board on which a person stands to ride for leisure which is pulled on a water surface by a motorboat.

aquaponics /(ˌ)ækwəˈpɒnɪks/ /ˌækwə-/ /ˌɑkwəˈpɑnɪks/ n
akwaponika
(agriculture) A sustainable food production system that combines traditional aquaculture with hydroponics, with effluent from the water in which fish are reared being used as nutrition for plants.

aquarelle aquarelles n
akwarela
A watercolour (painting)

aquarist aquarists n
akwariarz akwarysta akwarystka
A person who maintains an aquarium.

aquarium /-ɛɹiəm/ /əˈkwɛɹ.i.jəm/ aquaria aquariums n
akwarium
A tank, often made of glass, for keeping live fish or other aquatic animals.
A public place where live fish and other aquatic animals are exhibited.

aquatic /w/ /ɘ.ˈkwɔ.tɘk/ /ə.ˈkwæ.tɪk/ /ə.ˈkwɑ.tɪk/ /ə.ˈkwɒ.tɪk/ more aquatic most aquatic adj
wodny
Relating to water; living in or near water, taking place in water.

aquatic warbler aquatic warblers n
wodniczka
A small passerine bird, Acrocephalus paludicola, of the warbler family (Sylviidae)

aquatint /ˈækwətɪnt/ aquatints n
akwatinta akwatynta
A form of etching with acid on a plate partially covered with varnish that produces a print somewhat resembling a watercolour.
An etching or print made using this method.

aqueduct /ˈæk.wəˌdʌkt/ /ˈæk.wɪˌdʌkt/ /ˈɑk.wəˌdʌkt/ aqueducts n
akwedukt wodociąg
An artificial channel that is constructed to convey water from one location to another.
A structure carrying water over a river or depression, especially in regards to ancient aqueducts.

aqueous /ˈeɪ.kwi.əs/ /ˈæ.kwi.əs/ /ˈɑ.kwi.əs/ more aqueous most aqueous adj
wodnisty wodny
(chemistry) Consisting mostly of water.

aquifer /ˈækwɪfə/ /ˈækwɪfɝ/ /ˈɑkwɪfɝ/ aquifers n
warstwa wodonośna
An underground layer of water-bearing porous stone, earth, or gravel.

aquiline /ˈæk.wɪ.laɪn/ more aquiline most aquiline adj
orli
Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of eagles; resembling that of an eagle.

aquiline nose aquiline noses n
orli nos jastrzębi nos
A nose with a hooked, bent shape.

araba arabas n
arba
(historical) A horse-drawn carriage once used for transportation in pre-modern Turkey.

arabesque /ˌæɹ.əˈbɛsk/ arabesques n
arabeska
(art, architecture, also, attributively) An elaborate design of intertwined floral figures or complex geometrical patterns, mainly used in Islamic art and architecture.
(music) An ornate composition, especially for the piano.

arable /ˈæɹəbl̩/ more arable most arable adj
orny
(agriculture, of land) Able to be plowed or tilled, capable of growing crops (traditionally contrasted with pasturable lands such as heaths).
(agriculture, NGO, _, jargon, of land) Under cultivation (within any quinquennial period) for the production of crops sown and harvested within the same agricultural year (contrasted with permanently-cropped lands such as orchards).

arachnid /əˈɹæknɪd/ arachnids n
pajęczak
Any of the eight-legged creatures, including spiders, mites, and scorpions, of the class Arachnida.

arachno- prefix
arachno-

arachnoid mater arachnoid maters n
opona pajęcza
(anatomy) The middle layer of the meninges; a membrane that protects the brain and spinal cord below the dura mater and above the subarachnoid space and the pia mater.

arachnologic more arachnologic most arachnologic adj
arachnologiczny
(zoology) Of or relating to arachnology, the study of arachnids.

arachnologist arachnologists n
arachnolog

arachnology n
arachnologia
The study of the Arachnida.

arachnophobia /æˌɹæk.nəˈfəʊ.bɪ.ə/ arachnophobias n
arachnofobia
An abnormal or irrational fear of arachnids, especially spiders.

aragonite aragonites n
aragonit
(mineral) An evaporite consisting of anhydrous calcium carbonate with the chemical formula CaCO3 and occurring in pearls, shells and nacre; it is dimorphous with calcite.

aragonitic more aragonitic most aragonitic adj
aragonitowy
(geology) Of, pertaining to, or formed from aragonite

arak /əˈɹæk/ /ˈɛɹ.ɪk/ araks n
arak
A clear, unsweetened aniseed-flavoured alcoholic drink, produced and consumed primarily in the Levant.

arbalest arbalests n
arbalet
A crossbow.
A crossbowman.

arbiter /ˈɑːbɪtə(ɹ)/ arbiters n
arbiter
A person appointed, or chosen, by parties to determine a controversy between them; an arbitrator.

arbitrage /ˈɑɹ.bɪ.tɹɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈɑɹbɪˌtɹɑʒ/ arbitrages n
arbitraż rozjemstwo
(finance) A market activity in which a security, commodity, currency or other tradable item is bought in one market and sold simultaneously in another, in order to profit from price differences between the markets.

arbitrager arbitragers n
arbitrażysta
(finance) One who participates in arbitrage.

arbitral /ˈɑːbɪtɹəl/ more arbitral most arbitral adj
arbitrażowy
Relating to arbitration.

arbitrarily more arbitrarily most arbitrarily adv
arbitralnie
In an arbitrary manner.

arbitrariness arbitrarinesses n
arbitralność
The quality or state of being arbitrary; the extent to which something is arbitrary.

arbitrary /ˈɑɹ.bɪˌtɹɛ(ə).ɹi/ /ˈɑː.bɪ.tɹi/ /ˈɑː.bɪ.tɹə.ɹi/ more arbitrary most arbitrary adj
arbitralny dowolny umowny
(usually, of a decision) Based on individual discretion or judgment; not based on any objective distinction, perhaps even made at random.
arbitralny apodyktyczny samowolny
Determined by impulse rather than reason; heavy-handed.
dowolny
(mathematics) Any, out of all that are possible.
samowolny apodyktyczny arbitralny
Determined by independent arbiter.

arbitrate /ˈɑːbɪtreɪt/ v
arbitrażować
To make a judgment (on a dispute) as an arbitrator or arbiter

arbitration /ˌɑɹ.bɪˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɑː.bɪˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/ [ˌɑɹ.bəˈt̠͡ɹ̠eɪ.ʃn̩] [ˌɑː.bəˈt̠͡ɹ̠eɪ.ʃn̩] arbitrations n
arbitraż
The act or process of arbitrating.
A process through which two or more parties use an arbitrator or arbiter in order to resolve a dispute.

arbitrational more arbitrational most arbitrational adj
arbitrażowy
Of or pertaining to arbitration

arboreal /ɑɹˈbɔɹi.əl/ adj
nadrzewny
Living in or among trees.

arborescence arborescences n
drzewkowaty system
A tree-like structure.

arboretum /ɑː(ɹ)bəˈɹiːtəm/ arboreta arboretums n
arboretum dendrarium
A place where many varieties of tree are grown for research, educational, and ornamental purposes.

arboricide arboricides n
arborycyd
Any herbicide intended to kill trees or shrubs.

arborio rice /ɑɹˈbɔɹi.oʊ ˈɹaɪs/ /ɑːˈbɔːɹɪ.əʊ ˈɹaɪs/ n
arborio
A northern Italian variety of short-grained starchy rice with a white dot at the center of each grain, commonly used in risotto.

arc /ɑɹk/ /ɑːk/ arcs n
łuk
(geometry) A continuous part of the circumference of a circle (circular arc) or of another curve. [from 16th c.]
A curve, in general. [from 17th c.]
(electrics) A flow of current across an insulating medium; especially a hot, luminous discharge between either two electrodes or as lightning. [from 19th c.]

arcade /ɑɹˈkeɪd/ /ɑːˈkeɪd/ arcades n
arkada
(architecture) A row of arches.
arkada galeria pasaż
(architecture) A covered passage, usually with shops on both sides.
salon gier
An establishment that runs coin-operated games.

arcade game arcade games n
automat gra w salonie gier
(video games) A coin-operated video game or amusement device.

arcadian /ɑɹˈkeɪdɪən/ more arcadian most arcadian adj
arkadkowy arkadowy
Pertaining to an arcade.

arcading arcadings n
arkadowanie
(countable, architecture) An arrangement of arcades.

arcana /ɑɹˈkeɪnə/ /ɑɹˈkɑːnə/ n
arkana arkany
Specialized knowledge that is mysterious to the uninitiated.

arch /ɑɹk/ /ɑɹt͡ʃ/ /ɑːk/ /ɑːt͡ʃ/ arches n
łuk
An inverted U shape.
An arch-shaped arrangement of trapezoidal stones, designed to redistribute downward force outward.
(architecture) An architectural element having the shape of an arch

arch /ɑɹk/ /ɑɹt͡ʃ/ /ɑːk/ /ɑːt͡ʃ/ v
tworzyć łuk wyginać w łuk
(transitive) To form into an arch shape.

arch- /ɑ(ɹ)k/ /ɑː(ɹ)t͡ʃ/ prefix
archi- arcy-
Highest; most extreme.

archaeo- prefix
archeo-
ancient, early, primitive

archaeographical adj
archeograficzny

archaeographist /ɑːkiːˈɒɡɹəfɪst/ archaeographists n
archeograf

archaeography /ɑːkiːˈɒɡɹəfɪ/ archaeographies n
archeografia
Discipline for publishing treatises of any antiquity or antiquities.

archaeological more archaeological most archaeological adj
archeologiczny
Relating to the science or research of archaeology.

archaeologically adv
archeologicznie
In an archaeological manner.

archaeologist /ˌɑɹ.kiˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/ /ˌɑː.kiˈɒl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/ archaeologists n
archeolog archeolożka
Someone who studies or practises archaeology.

archaeology /ˌɑɹ.kiˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌɑː.kiˈɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ archaeologies n
archeologia
The study of the past by excavation and analysis of its material remains:

archaeophyte /ɑɹˈki.əˌfaɪt/ /ɑːˈkiː.əˌfaɪt/ /ˈɑɹ.ki.əˌfaɪt/ /ˈɑː.ki.əˌfaɪt/ archaeophytes n
archeofit
(botany) A plant which was introduced to an area by humans (or arrived naturally, but from an area in which it was present as a human introduction) and became naturalized before 1500 C.E. (but especially in prehistoric times).

archaic /ɐːˈkæɪ.ɪk/ /ɑɹ.ˈkeɪ.ɪk/ /ɑː.ˈkeɪ.ɪk/ more archaic most archaic adj
archaiczny
Of or characterized by antiquity; old-fashioned, quaint, antiquated.
(archaeology) Belonging to the archaic period.

archaically more archaically most archaically adv
archaicznie
In an archaic manner.

archaicity /ɑː(ɹ)keɪˈɪsɪti/ n
archaiczność archaika
The quality of being archaic.

archaism /ˈaː.kæɪ.ɪz.əm/ /ˈɑɹ.keɪˌɪz.əm/ /ˈɑɹ.kiˌɪz.əm/ /ˈɑː.keɪ.ɪz.əm/ archaisms n
archaizm
An archaic word, style, etc.

archaist archaists n
archaista
A person who uses archaisms in language

archaistic /ɑːkeɪˈɪstɪk/ n
archaistyczny

archaization archaizations n
archaizacja
Process of becoming or turning something more archaic.

archaize /ˈɑː(ɹ).keɪˌaɪz/ v
archaizować zarchaizować
(transitive) To give an archaic quality or character to; make archaic, to suggest the past.

archaizer archaizers n
archaizator

archangel /ɑː(ɹ)ˈkeɪn.d͡ʒəl/ /ˈɑː(ɹ).keɪn.d͡ʒəl/ archangels n
archanioł
A powerful angel that leads many other angels, but is still loyal to a deity, and often seen as belonging to a particular archangelical rank or order within a greater hierarchy of angels. (Judeo-Christian examples: Gabriel, Michael, Raphael, Uriel).

archangelic adj
archanielski

archbishop /ˈɑː(ɹ)t͡ʃˌbɪʃəp/ /ˌɑː(ɹ)t͡ʃˈbɪʃəp/ archbishopess archbishops n
arcybiskup
A senior bishop who is in charge of an archdiocese, and presides over a group of dioceses called a province (in Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Anglicanism, etc.)

archbishopric /ɑɹt͡ʃˈbɪʃəprɪk/ /ɑːt͡ʃˈbɪʃəprɪk/ archbishoprics n
arcybiskupstwo
(ecclesiastical) The rank or office of an archbishop.
arcybiskupstwo metropolia
(ecclesiastical) The jurisdiction of an archbishop.

archconfraternity /ˌɑː(ɹ)t͡ʃˌkɒnfɹəˈtɜː(ɹ)nɪti/ archconfraternities n
archikonfraternia arcybractwo
(Roman Catholicism) A religious confraternity that, as a special concession of the Holy See, can join or affiliate with, and extend privileges to, other similar brotherhoods.

archdeacon archdeacons n
archidiakon
(Anglicanism, Eastern Orthodoxy) A senior administrative official in a diocese, just under the bishop, often in charge of an archdeaconry. As a title, it can be filled by either a deacon or priest.

archdeaconry archdeaconries n
archidiakonat
The office of an archdeacon, or the term of that office
archidiakonat archidiakonia
The residence, or territorial jurisdiction of an archdeacon

archdeaconship archdeaconships n
archidiakonat

archdiocesan /ˌɑɹt͡ʃˌdaɪˈɑsɪsən/ adj
archidiecezjalny
(ecclesiastical) Of or relating to an archdiocese.

archdiocese /-siːz/ /ˌɑɹt͡ʃˈdaɪəsɪs/ /ˌɑːtʃˈdaɪ.ə.sɪs/ archdioceses n
archidiecezja arcybiskupstwo metropolia
(Christianity) An area administered by an archbishop; the ecclesiastical hierarchy of this area, also under the archbishop.

archducal /ɑːtʃˈdjuːkəl/ adj
arcyksiążęcy
Pertaining to an archduke or archduchess.

archduchess archduchesses n
arcyksiężna arcyksiężniczka
A daughter or granddaughter of the Emperor of Austria-Hungary, or the wife of a son or grandson of the Emperor of Austria-Hungary

archduchy archduchies n
arcyksięstwo
The territory (principality) of an archduke.

archduke archdukes n
arcyksiążę
(historical) The son or male-line grandson of an emperor of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

arche /ˈɑː(ɹ)ki/ archai n
arche

archegonium archegonia n
rodnia
(botany) A multicellular reproductive structure that contains a large, non-motile gamete (egg cell), and within which an embryo will develop.

archegony n
abiogeneza archigonia samorództwo

archenemy archenemies n
arcywróg
A principal enemy.

archenteron archentera archenterons n
prajelito
(anatomy) A primitive alimentary cavity

archeopteryx /ɑɹkiˈɒptəɹɪks/ /ɑːkiːˈɒptəɹɪks/ archeopteryxes n
archeopteryks
A specimen of the species Archaeopteryx lithographica, being the earliest and most primitive known bird, representing a transition in the evolution of dinosaurs to birds.

archer /ˈɑɹt͡ʃɚ/ /ˈɑː(ɹ).t͡ʃə(ɹ)/ archers n
łucznik łuczniczka
One who shoots an arrow from a bow or a bolt from a crossbow.

archeress /ˈɑːtʃəɹɪs/ archeresses n
łuczniczka
A female archer.

archery /ɑɹt͡ʃəɹiː/ /ɑːt͡ʃəɹiː/ archeries n
łucznictwo
(uncountable) The practice or sport of shooting arrows with a bow.

archetypal /ˈɑɹkɪtaɪpəl/ /ˈɑːkɪtaɪpəl/ more archetypal most archetypal adj
archetypiczny archetypowy
Of or pertaining to an archetype.

archetype /ˈɑɹkɪtaɪp/ /ˈɑːkɪtaɪp/ archetypes n
archetyp
An original model of which all other similar concepts, objects, or persons are merely copied, derivative, emulated, or patterned; a prototype. [from mid 16th c.]
(literature) A character, object, or story that is based on a known character, object, or story.
(psychology) According to Swiss psychologist Carl Jung: a universal pattern of thought, present in an individual's unconscious, inherited from the past collective experience of humanity.

archiepiscopal adj
arcybiskupi
Of or relating to an archbishop or an archbishopric.

archimandrite /ˌɑːkɪˈmændɹaɪt/ archimandrites n
archimandryta
(Eastern Orthodoxy) The superior of a large monastery, or group of monasteries, in the Orthodox Church.
(Eastern Orthodoxy, rarely, Catholicism) An honorary title sometimes given to a monastic priest.

archipelago /ˌɑɹkəˈpɛləˌɡoʊ/ /ˌɑːkəˈpɛləɡəʊ/ archipelagoes archipelagos n
archipelag
(collective) A group of islands.

architect /ˈɑɹ.kɪˌtɛkt/ /ˈɑː.kɪˌtɛkt/ architects n
architekt architektka
A professional who designs buildings or other structures, or who prepares plans and superintends construction.
A person who plans, devises or contrives the achievement of a desired result.

architectonics n
architektonika

architectural /ˌɑɹkɪˈtɛktjəɹəl/ /ˌɑɹkɪˈtɛkt͡ʃəɹəl/ more architectural most architectural adj
architektoniczny architektoński architekturalny
Pertaining to architecture.

architecturally more architecturally most architecturally adv
architektonicznie
In an architectural manner.

architecture /ˈɑɹkɪtɛkt͡ʃɚ/ /ˈɑː.kɪ.ˌtɛk.tʃə/ architectures n
architektura
The art and science of designing and managing the construction of buildings and other structures, particularly if they are well proportioned and decorated.
(computing) A specific model of a microchip or CPU.

architrave /ˈɑɹ.kɪ.tɹeɪv/ architraves n
architraw
(architecture) The lowest part of an entablature; rests on the capitals of the columns.

archival /ɑːˈkaɪv(ə)l/ /ˈɑːkɪv(ə)l/ /ˌɑɹˈkaɪv(ə)l/ adj
archiwalny
Of or pertaining to an archive or archiving.

archival science archival sciences n
archiwistyka
The theory and study of the safe storage, cataloguing and retrieval of documents and items.

archivally adv
archiwalnie
By archival means

archive /ˈɑɹkaɪv/ /ˈɑːkaɪv/ archives n
archiwum
A place for storing earlier, and often historical, material. An archive usually contains documents (letters, records, newspapers, etc.) or other types of media kept for historical interest.

archive /ˈɑɹkaɪv/ /ˈɑːkaɪv/ v
archiwizować zarchiwizować
(transitive) To place (something) into an archive.

archivist /ˈɑː(ɹ)kəvɪst/ /ˈɑː(ɹ)kɪvɪst/ /ˈɑː(ɹ)ˌkaɪvɪst/ archivists n
archiwista archiwistka archiwariusz archiwariuszka
One who is in charge of, or performs the task of creating, collecting, cataloguing, organising, and archives.

archivolt archivolts n
archiwolta
(architecture) An ornamental molding or band following the curve on the underside of an arch.

archly more archly most archly adv
łobuzersko
In an arch manner; slyly.

archmage /ˈɑːrt͡ʃmeɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈɑːtʃmeɪdʒ/ archmages archmagi n
arcymag
(fantasy) A very powerful mage.

archon /ˈɑː(ɹ)kən/ archons archontes n
archont
A chief magistrate of ancient Athens.

archprelate archprelates n
arcypasterz
(ecclesiastical) An archbishop or other chief prelate.

archpriest archpriests n
archiprezbiter
(Eastern Orthodox Church) The highest rank given to a married priest.
(Roman Catholic Church) An honorific title applied to a priest who has a specific function.

arcology arcologies n
arkologia
(urban studies, uncountable) Urban development theory proposed by Paolo Soleri involving three-dimensional building methods and efficient use of space and resources.

arcosolium arcosolia n
arkosolium
(architecture) A tomb in an arched recess in a wall.

arctic fox arctic foxes n
piesiec lis polarny piesak
Vulpes lagopus, a fox of the family Canidae, living in the Arctic regions of North America and Eurasia.

arctic hare arctic hares n
zając polarny
A North-American hare of species Lepus arcticus, that is white, usually year round, found in the Arctic.

arctic redpoll arctic redpolls n
czeczotka tundrowa
A bird of the species Acanthis hornemanni.

arcuate fasciculus /ˈɑːkjuːət fəˈsɪkjʊləs/ arcuate fasciculi n
pęczek łukowaty
(neuroanatomy) A bundle of axons that forms part of the superior longitudinal fasciculus.

ard /ɑɹd/ /ɑːd/ ards n
radło
A simple plough consisting of a spike dragged through the soil. [20th c.]

arduous /ˈɑɹ.d͡ʒu.əs/ /ˈɑː.djuː.əs/ /ˈɑː.d͡ʒuː.əs/ more arduous most arduous adj
uciążliwy arcytrudny
Needing or using up much energy; testing powers of endurance.

arduously more arduously most arduously adv
arcytrudno
in an arduous manner

are /ɛə/ /ɛəɹ/ /ɛɹ/ /ɛː/ ares n
ar
(rare) An accepted (but deprecated and rarely used) metric unit of area equal to 100 square metres, or a former unit of approximately the same extent. Symbol: a.

are you OK /ɑɹ juː oʊˈkeɪ/ /ɑː juː əʊˈkeɪ/ [ɑ̟ɹ ju̟ː oʊˈkʰeɪ] [ɑ̟ː ju̟ː əʊˈkʰeɪ] phraseologicalUnit
czy wszystko w porządku?
Asking if the listener is OK (e.g. not hurt).

are you doing anything tomorrow phraseologicalUnit
co pan robi jutro? co pani robi jutro? co robisz jutro?
Asks if someone is busy tomorrow, possibly to invite them to do something if they are available. ("Tomorrow" can be replaced by other dates, such as "are you doing anything on the weekend", etc.)

are you feeling better phraseologicalUnit
czujesz się już lepiej pan czuje się już lepiej pani czuje się już lepiej
Asked to find out whether someone has recovered to some degree from past illness or unwellness.

are you married phraseologicalUnit
czy jest pan żonaty? czy jest pani zamężna? czy jesteś zamężna? czy jesteś żonaty?
Used to ask whether the interlocutor does or doesn't have a spouse.

are you religious phraseologicalUnit
jest pan religijny? jest pan wierzący? jest pani religijna? jest pani wierząca? jesteś religijna? jesteś religijny?
A request for information about the listener's (or listeners') religious beliefs.

are you taking any medications phraseologicalUnit
czy bierze pan jakieś leki? czy bierze pani jakieś leki? czy bierzesz jakieś leki?
Asked mostly by doctors and nurses to ascertain whether certain drugs should not be given to patients, as they may interact adversely with other medications.

area /ˈɛɚ.i.ə/ /ˈɛːɹɪə/ areas areæ n
powierzchnia
(mathematics) A measure of the extent of a surface; it is measured in square units.
obszar rejon
A particular geographic region.
obszar
Any particular extent of surface, especially an empty or unused extent.
dziedzina
The extent, scope, or range of an object or concept.
areał rola
(British) An open space, below ground level, giving access to the basement of a house, and typically separated from the pavement by railings. [from 18th c.]

areca arecas n
areka
Any member of the genus Areca of about fifty species of single-stemmed palms in the family Arecaceae, found in humid tropical forests.

areligious more areligious most areligious adj
areligijny niereligijny

areligiously more areligiously most areligiously adv
areligijnie niereligijnie

arena /əˈɹiːnə/ arenae arenas arenæ n
arena
An enclosed area, often outdoor, for the presentation of sporting events (sports arena) or other spectacular events; earthen area, often oval, specifically for rodeos (North America) or circular area for bullfights (especially Hispanic America).
The building housing such an area; specifically, a very large, often round building, often topped with a dome, designated for indoor sporting or other major events, such as concerts.
(historical) The sand-covered centre of an amphitheatre where contests were held in Ancient Rome.
A realm in which events take place; an area of interest, study, behaviour, etc.

areng arengs n
arenga
A palm tree (Arenga pinnata, syn. Saguerus saccharifer) which yields sago, wine, and fibres for ropes.

arenite arenites n
arenit
Any sedimentary rock with a grain size in the sand range on the Wentworth scale.

arenitic adj
arenitowy
(geology) Of or related to arenite

areo- prefix
areo-

areocentric more areocentric most areocentric adj
areocentryczny
(astronomy) Having the planet Mars at the center.

areographic adj
areograficzny
(astronomy) Of or pertaining to areography

areography n
areografia
(astronomy, geography) The scientific study of the planet Mars' geographical features; geography of Mars.

areoid areoids n
marsoid

areola /əˈɹi.ə.lə/ /ˌæ.ɹiˈoʊ.lə/ /ˌæ.ɹiˈəʊ.lə/ /ˌɛ.ɹiˈoʊ.lə/ areolae areolas areolæ n
otoczka
(anatomy) The circular, darkly pigmented area surrounding a nipple; the areola mammae.

areometer areometers n
areometr
Any device used to measure the specific gravity of liquids or the density of solids.

areometric adj
areometrowy areometryczny
Relating to, or measured by, an areometer.

aretalogy aretalogies n
aretalogia
A form of sacred biography in which a deity's attributes are listed, in the form of poem or text, in the first person.

argali argalis n
argali
Ovis ammon, the largest wild sheep, which roams the highlands of Central Asia.

argent /ˈɑɹd͡ʒənt/ /ˈɑːdʒənt/ adj
srebrny
(tincture) : of white or silver tincture on a coat of arms.

argent /ˈɑɹd͡ʒənt/ /ˈɑːdʒənt/ argents n
srebro
(tincture) The white or silver tincture on a coat of arms.

argentite argentites n
argentyt
(mineral) Silver sulfide, (Ag2S), a primary ore of silver, in cubic or hexoctahedral crystals.

argillaceous /ɑːd͡ʒɪlˈeɪʃəs/ more argillaceous most argillaceous adj
gliniasty
(chiefly, geology) pertaining to clay; made of, containing, or resembling clay

argillic adj
dotyczący gliny
(geology, soil science) Of or pertaining to clay or clay minerals.

arginine /ˈɑɹɡɪniːn/ arginines n
arginina
An amino acid found in animal foods that plays an important role in several physiological processes.

argon /ˈɑːɹɡɒn/ argons n
argon
The chemical element (symbol Ar) with an atomic number of 18. The third most abundant gas in the Earth's atmosphere, it is a colourless, odourless, inert noble gas.

argonaut argonauts n
argonauta żeglarek
Any of several species of shelled octopods of the family Argonautidae (of which only the genus Argonauta is not extinct).
argonauta
An adventurer on a dangerous but rewarding quest.

argot /ˈɑɹɡoʊ/ /ˈɑɹɡət/ /ˈɑːɡəʊ/ argots n
argot
A secret language or conventional slang peculiar to thieves, tramps and vagabonds.
The specialized informal vocabulary and terminology used between people with special skill in a field, such as between doctors, mathematicians or hackers.

arguably /ˈɑɹɡjuəbli/ /ˈɑːɡjuəbli/ more arguably most arguably adv
zapewne
As can be supported or proven by sound logical deduction, evidence, and precedent, but without absolute certainty.

argue /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/ /ˈɑː.ɡjuː/ v
posprzeczać się sprzeczać się
(intransitive) To have an argument, a quarrel.
argumentować
(transitive) To present (a viewpoint or an argument therefor).

argument /-ɡju-/ /-ɡjə-/ /ˈɑɹɡjʊmənt/ /ˈɑːɡjʊmənt/ arguments n
argument racja dowód powód uzasadnienie
(countable, also, figuratively) A fact or statement used to support a proposition; a reason.
argumentacja
(countable) A process of reasoning; argumentation.
kłótnia sprzeczka batalia
(countable) A verbal dispute; a quarrel.
argument
The independent variable of a function.
A value, or a reference to a value, passed to a function.

argumentation argumentations n
argumentacja
Inference based on reasoning from given propositions.

argumentative /ˌɑɹɡjəˈmɛn(t)ətɪv/ /ˌɑːɡjʊmɛnˈteɪtɪv/ /ˌɑːɡjʊˈmɛntətɪv/ [-ɾɪv] more argumentative most argumentative adj
kłótliwy sporny swarliwy
Prone to argue or dispute.

argumentativeness n
kłótliwość
the state of being argumentative

argumentless adj
bezargumentowy

argus arguses n
argus
An alert, observant person.

arhat /ˈɑːhæt/ arhats n
arhant arhat
(Buddhism) One who has attained enlightenment; a Buddhist saint.

aria /ˈɑː.ɹɪə/ arias arie n
aria
(music) A musical piece written typically for a solo voice with orchestral accompaniment in an opera or cantata.

arietta ariettas n
arieta arietta
(music) a short aria.

arigato /-rɪ-/ /-ɡæ-/ /æ-/ /əˈriː.ɡə.toʊ/ /ˌɑː.riˈɡɑː.toʊ/ interjection
arigato
(colloquial) Thank you (used in the context of, or to evoke, Japanese culture).

aril arils n
osnówka
(botany) A tissue surrounding the seed in certain fruits such as pomegranates.

aristocide n
rozwalenie arystokracji
The destruction of the upper class.

aristocracy /ˌæ.ɹɪˈstɒk.ɹə.si/ /ˌɛɹ.ɪˈstɑk.ɹə.si/ aristocracies n
arystokracja
The nobility, or the hereditary ruling class.
Government by such a class, or a state with such a government
A class of people considered (not normally universally) superior to others

aristocrat /əˈɹɪstəkɹæt/ /ˈæɹɪstəˌkɹæt/ aristocrats n
arystokrata arystokratka szlachcianka szlachcic
One of the aristocracy, nobility, or people of rank in a community; one of a ruling class; a noble (originally in Revolutionary France).

aristocratic /ˌæɹɪstəˈkɹætɪk/ more aristocratic most aristocratic adj
arystokratyczny
Of, pertaining to, or favouring, an aristocracy
Similar to the aristocracy; characteristic of, the aristocracy.

aristocratically more aristocratically most aristocratically adv
arystokratycznie
in an aristocratic manner

aristocraticness n
arystokratyczność

aristocratism aristocratisms n
arystokratyzm
(politics) The principles of aristocrats.

arithmetic /æɹɪθˈmɛtɪk/ adj
arytmetyczny
(mathematics) Of, relating to, or using arithmetic; arithmetical.

arithmetic /əˈɹɪθmətɪk/ arithmetics n
arytmetyka
The mathematics of numbers (integers, rational numbers, real numbers, or complex numbers) under the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

arithmetic logic unit arithmetic logic units n
jednostka arytmetyczno-logiczna
(computer hardware) the section of a CPU that performs calculations and logical operations

arithmetic mean arithmetic means n
średnia arytmetyczna
(statistics, probability) The measure of central tendency of a set of values computed by dividing the sum of the values by their number.

arithmetic progression arithmetic progressions n
ciąg arytmetyczny postęp arytmetyczny
(analysis) A sequence in which each term except the first is obtained from the previous by adding a constant value, known as the common difference of the arithmetic progression.

arithmetical hierarchy arithmetical hierarchies n
hierarchia arytmetyczna

arithmetically more arithmetically most arithmetically adv
arytmetycznie
In an arithmetical manner; in terms of arithmetic.

arithmetician /əˌɹɪθməˈtɪʃ(ə)n/ arithmeticians n
arytmetyk
(now, rare) One with expertise in arithmetic; a mathematician.

arithmetization arithmetizations n
arytmetyzacja

arithmo- prefix
arytmo-

arithmology n
arytmologia

arithmomania arithmomanias n
arytmomania
an obsessive-compulsive disorder in which the subject feels the need to count things

arithmometer arithmometers n
arytmograf arytmometr
(dated) A calculating machine.

arity /ˈeəɹɪti/ /ˈæɹɪti/ arities n
argumentowość
(logic, mathematics, computer science) The number of arguments or operands a function or operation takes. For a relation, the number of domains in the corresponding Cartesian product.

ark /ɑɹk/ /ɑːk/ arks n
arka
(Judaism, Christianity, Islam) Noah's ark: the ship built by Noah to save his family and a collection of animals from the deluge.
(Judaism) A decorated cabinet at the front of a synagogue, in which Torah scrolls are kept.

arkose arkoses n
arkoza
(geology) A sedimentary rock consisting of small fragments of feldspar and quartz similar to a coarse sand.

arkosic adj
arkozowy
(geology) Of or pertaining to arkose.

arm /ɐːm/ /ɑɹm/ /ɑːm/ arms n
ramię ręka
The portion of the upper human appendage, from the shoulder to the wrist and sometimes including the hand.
A long, narrow, more or less rigid part of an object extending from the main part or centre of the object, such as the arm of an armchair, a crane, a pair of spectacles or a pair of compasses.
broń uzbrojenie
(usually used in the plural) A weapon.

arm /ɐːm/ /ɑɹm/ /ɑːm/ v
uzbrajać uzbroić zbroić
(transitive) To supply with armour or (later especially) weapons.
(transitive, figurative) To supply with the equipment, knowledge, authority, or other tools needed for a particular task; to furnish with capability; to equip.
uzbroić zbroić uzbrajać
(intransitive) To take up weapons; to arm oneself.

arm to the teeth v
uzbroić po zęby
(idiomatic) To equip thoroughly with weapons.

arm wrestling /ˈɑɹm ˌɹɛs.lɪŋ/ /ˈɑːm ˌɹɛs.lɪŋ/ n
siłowanie na rękę siłowanie się siłowanie się na rękę
A strength sport with two participants, in which each participant grips the other's hand and tries to pin the other's arm onto a surface.

arm-wrestle v
siłować na rękę siłować się siłować się na rękę
(ambitransitive) To compete in an arm-wrestle (with).

armadillo /ɑɹməˈdɪloʊ/ /ɑːməˈdɪləʊ/ armadilloes armadillos n
pancernik
Any of the burrowing mammals covered with bony, jointed, protective plates, order Cingulata, found in the Americas, especially in South America.

armament /ˈɑː(ɹ)məmənt/ armaments n
broń uzbrojenie
Any equipment for resistance.
uzbrojenie
The process of building up military capacity.

armature /ˈɑɹ.mə.tjʊɚ/ /ˈɑɹ.mə.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈɑɹ.mə.t͡ʃʊɚ/ /ˈɑː.mə.tjə/ /ˈɑː.mə.tjʊə/ armatures n
armatura
(sculpture) A supporting framework in a sculpture.

armband armbands n
opaska rękawek
(sport) A band worn around the arm of the captain of a team.
rękawek
An inflatable band worn round the arms to keep afloat in water

armchair /ˈɑɹmt͡ʃɛɚ/ /ˈɑː(ɹ)mtʃɛə(ɹ)/ armchairs n
fotel
A chair with supports for the arms or elbows.

armed /ɑɹmd/ /ɑːmd/ /ˈɑːɹmɪd/ more armed most armed adj
uzbrojony zbrojny
(sometimes, in combination) Equipped, especially with a weapon.

armed forces n
siły zbrojne armia wojsko
The military forces of a nation, such as the army, navy, air force, marines, and sometimes, coastguard or border guard, which are tasked with the defence of the nation and its citizens, if necessary through use of deadly force.

armed robbery armed robberies n
napad z bronią w ręku
(legal) A theft where the thieves are armed with weapons.

armful /ˈɑɹmˌfʊl/ /ˈɑːmfʊl/ armfuls armsful armsfuls n
naręcze
The amount an arm or arms can hold.

armistice /-məstəs/ /ˈɑɹmɪstɪs/ /ˈɑːmɪstɪs/ armistices n
rozejm zawieszenie broni
A formal agreement, especially between nations, to end combat.

armless adj
bezręki
Having no arms.

armlet /ˈɑɹmlət/ /ˈɑːmlət/ armlets n
bransoleta
A band worn on the arm for ornamental or identification purposes.

armor /ˈɑː.mə/ /ˈɑːɹ.mɚ/ armors n
zbroja pancerz
(uncountable) A protective layer over a body, vehicle, or other object intended to deflect or diffuse damaging forces.
pancerz
(uncountable) A natural form of this kind of protection on an animal's body.
pojazd opancerzony
(countable) A tank, or other heavy mobile assault vehicle.
wojska pancerne
(military, uncountable) A military formation consisting primarily of tanks or other armoured fighting vehicles, collectively.

armored more armored most armored adj
opancerzony
Clad or equipped with arms or armor.

armored personnel carrier armored personnel carriers n
transporter opancerzony
An armored vehicle for carrying infantry soldiers in combat.

armorless adj
bezzbrojny

armoured car armoured cars n
samochód opancerzony
An automobile equipped with armour to protect important passengers.

armoured fighting vehicle armoured fighting vehicles n
opancerzony pojazd bojowy
(military) An armed and armoured military vehicle which runs on wheels or caterpillar track, used by fighting troops.

armoured train armoured trains n
pociąg pancerny
a railway train protected with armour

armoured truck armoured trucks n
bankowóz
A truck used to transfer valuables between locations, which possesses armour against light firearms.

armoury armouries n
zbrojownia arsenał cekhauz
A place where arms are kept, an arsenal.

armpit /ˈɑɹmˌpɪt/ armpits n
pacha
The cavity beneath the junction of the arm and shoulder.

armrest armrests n
podłokietnik
Part of the seat of a chair that is designed to support the arm.

arms dealer arms dealers n
handlarz bronią

arms race arms races n
wyścig zbrojeń
A competition for military supremacy between two powers, especially for the most weapons and the best military technology.

army /ˈɐː.mi(ː)/ /ˈɑɹ.mi/ /ˈɑː.miː/ armies n
armia wojsko
A large, highly organized military force, concerned mainly with ground (rather than air or naval) operations.
The governmental agency in charge of a state's army.
(figuratively) A large group of people working toward the same purpose.
(figuratively) A large group of social animals working toward the same purpose.
(figuratively) Any multitude.

armyless adj
bez wojska

arni arnis n
arni
The wild water buffalo (Bubalus arnee)

arnica arnicas n
arnika kupalnik
Any of several plants, of the genus Arnica, considered to have medicinal properties, especially Arnica montana.

aroma /əˈɹoʊmə/ /əˈɹəʊmə/ aromas aromata n
aromat
A smell; especially a pleasant spicy or fragrant one.

aromaless adj
bezwonny bezzapachowy

aromatherapeutic adj
aromaterapeutyczny
(alternative medicine) Of or pertaining to aromatherapy

aromatherapist aromatherapists n
aromaterapeuta aromaterapeutka
(alternative medicine) A practitioner of aromatherapy.

aromatherapy aromatherapies n
aromaterapia
(alternative medicine) The use of selected fragrances in lotions and inhalants in an effort to affect mood and promote health.

aromatic /ˌæɹ.əˈmæt.ɪk/ /ˌɛɹ.əˈmæt.ɪk/ [ˌæɹ.əˈmæɾ.ɪk] [ˌɛɹ.əˈmæɾ.ɪk] more aromatic most aromatic adj
aromatyczny o intensywnym zapachu
Fragrant or spicy.
aromatyczny
(organic chemistry) Derived from benzene.

aromatically more aromatically most aromatically adv
aromatycznie
In an aromatic manner.

aromatization aromatizations n
aromatyzacja
(petrochemistry) The conversion of aliphatic components of petroleum into aromatic compounds as part of the refining process.

aromatize v
aromatyzować zaromatyzować
(transitive) To make aromatic, fragrant, or spicy.

aromatizer aromatizers n
aromatyzer
One who, or that which, aromatizes or renders aromatic.

around /əˈɹaʊnd/ adj
dookoła wokół

around /əˈɹaʊnd/ preposition
około
Forming a circle or closed curve containing (something).

around the clock
na okrągło non stop przez całą dobę
(duration, idiomatic) All the time, or seemingly all the time; constantly.

around the corner adj
za pasem zaraz
(idiomatic) imminent; very soon

arousal /əˈɹaʊzəl/ arousals n
pobudzenie podniecenie
Sexual arousal.
przebudzenie
Arousal from sleep or hibernation.

arouse /əˈɹaʊz/ v
wzbudzać wzbudzić
(transitive) To stimulate or induce (feelings).
pobudzać pobudzić podniecać podniecić
(transitive) To sexually stimulate.
budzić obudzić
(transitive) To wake from sleep or stupor; to rouse.

arpeggiate v
grać arpeggio
(music, transitive) To play (a chord) as an arpeggio.

arpeggio /ɑɹˈpɛ.d͡ʒi.oʊ/ arpeggi arpeggios n
arpeggio
(music) The notes of a chord played individually instead of simultaneously, usually moving from lowest to highest.

arquebusier arquebusiers n
arkebuzer
(military, now, historical) A soldier armed with an arquebus. [from 16th c.]

arrange /əˈɹeɪnd͡ʒ/ v
urządzać aranżować urządzić załatwić ustawić ułożyć
(transitive) To set up; to organize; to put into an orderly sequence or arrangement.
aranżować zaaranżować
(music, transitive, intransitive) To prepare and adapt an already-written composition for presentation in other than its original form.

arranged marriage arranged marriages n
małżeństwo aranżowane
The marriage (union) of two people planned by someone other than the two people who are united in it.

arrangement /əˈɹeɪnd͡ʒmənt/ arrangements n
aranż aranżacja
The act of arranging.
układ
The manner of being arranged.
A collection of things that have been arranged.
A particular way in which items are organized.
układ umowa
An agreement.
aranż aranżacja układ
(music) An adaptation of a piece of music for other instruments, or in another style.

arranger arrangers n
aranżer aranżerka
One who arranges.

arras /ˈæɹəs/ arrases n
arras gobelin tapiseria
A tapestry or wall hanging.

array /əˈɹeɪ/ /əˈɹæɪ/ arrays n
obleczenie odzienie strój ubiór
Clothing and ornamentation.
tablica
(programming) Any of various data structures designed to hold multiple elements of the same type; especially, a data structure that holds these elements in adjacent memory locations so that they may be retrieved using numeric indices.

array /əˈɹeɪ/ /əˈɹæɪ/ v
oblec oblekać odziać odziewać
To clothe and ornament; to adorn or attire.

arrest /əˈɹɛst/ arrests n
areszt
A check, stop, an act or instance of arresting something.
A confinement, detention, as after an arrest.
zatrzymanie
The condition of being stopped, standstill.
aresztowanie areszt
(legal) The process of arresting a criminal, suspect etc.

arrest /əˈɹɛst/ v
powstrzymać
(transitive) To stop or slow (a process, course etc.). [from 14th c.]
aresztować
(transitive) To seize (someone) with the authority of the law; to take into legal custody. [from 14th c.]
przykuć
(transitive) To catch the attention of. [from 19th c.]

arrest warrant arrest warrants n
list gończy nakaz aresztowania
(legal) An official document that authorizes law-enforcement officials to arrest a named person and to bring that individual before a court of law or other authority.

arrestee arrestees n
aresztant aresztantka aresztowana aresztowany
a person who is under arrest.

arrhizotonic adj
mający akcent na przyrostku
(linguistics, of an inflected form) whose stressed syllable is in the suffix

arrhythmia /eɪˈɹɪðmɪə/ /əˈɹɪðmi.ə/ arrhythmias n
arytmia

arrhythmic more arrhythmic most arrhythmic adj
arytmiczny nierytmiczny
(music) Without rhythm.
(pathology) Suffering from cardiac arrhythmia.

arrhythmically more arrhythmically most arrhythmically adv
arytmicznie nierytmicznie
In an arrhythmic manner; without a fixed rhythm

arrhythmicity n
arytmia arytmiczność

arrhythmogenic more arrhythmogenic most arrhythmogenic adj
arytmogenny

arrival /əˈɹaɪ.vəl/ arrivals n
przyjazd przybycie przyjście przylot
The act of arriving (reaching a certain place).
The fact of beginning to occur; the initial phase of something.

arrive /əˈɹaɪv/ v
przybywać przybyć przyjechać dojechać dojść przyjść
(intransitive, copulative) To reach; to get to a certain place.
dojść
(intransitive) To obtain a level of success or fame; to succeed.

arrière-garde arrière-gardes n
ariergarda
(obsolete) The rearguard of an army or other force.
Any group of people who favour older, traditional approaches over the modern or avant-garde.

arrogance /ˈæɹ.oʊ.ɡəns/ /ˈæɹ.ə.ɡəns/ arrogances n
arogancja
The state of being arrogant; a type of extreme or foolish pride in which someone feels much superior to another.

arrogant /ˈæɹəɡənt/ more arrogant most arrogant adj
arogancki
Having excessive pride in oneself, often with contempt or disrespect for others.

arrogantly more arrogantly most arrogantly adv
arogancko
In an arrogant manner; with undue pride or self-importance.

arrow /ˈæɹ.oʊ/ /ˈæɹ.ə/ /ˈæɹ.əʊ/ /ˈɛ(ə)ɹ.oʊ/ arrows n
strzała szyp strzałka
A projectile consisting of a shaft, a point and a tail with stabilizing fins that is shot from a bow.
strzałka strzała
A sign or symbol used to indicate a direction (e.g. →).
(computing) The -> symbol, which has specific meanings in various programming languages.

arrow of time arrows of time n
strzałka czasu
(physics) The direction of time within a four-dimensional relativistic view of the cosmos.

arrowhead arrowheads n
grot
The pointed part of an arrow (the weapon).
The pointed part of an arrow (the symbol).

arrowless adj
bez strzały

arrowroot /ˈæɹoʊˌɹut/ /ˈæɹə(ʊ)ɹuːt/ /ˈɛɹoʊˌɹut/ arrowroots n
maranta trzcinowa
(countable, uncountable) Maranta arundinacea from the Marantaceae family, a large perennial herb native to the Caribbean area with green leaves about 15 centimeters long. [from late 17th c.]
mąka ararutowa
(uncountable) A starchy substance obtained from the rhizomes of an arrowroot plant used as a thickener.

arrowword arrowwords n
krzyżówka z strzałkami
A kind of crossword puzzle with the clues written in the grid, accompanied by arrows that indicate the position and direction of the answers.

arsehole /ˈɑː(ɹ)s.hoʊl/ arseholes n
dupek
(mildly vulgar, offensive) An inconsiderate or mean-spirited person. Less vulgar and intense than fucker or cunt.

arsenal /ˈɑː(ɹ)snəl/ /ˈɑː(ɹ)sənəl/ arsenals n
arsenał cekhauz zbrojownia
A military establishment for the storing, development, manufacturing, testing, or repairing of arms, ammunition, and other war materiel; an armoury.
arsenał
A stock of weapons, especially all the weapons that a nation possesses.
A store or supply of anything.

arsenate /ˈɑː(ɹ)səneɪt/ arsenates n
arsenian
(chemistry) Any salt or ester of arsenic acid.

arsenic /ɑɹˈsɛnɪk/ /ɑː(ɹ)ˈsɛnɪk/ /ˈɑɹsənɪk/ /ˈɑː(ɹ).sə.nɪk/ adj
arsenowy
(chemistry) Of or containing arsenic with a valence of 5.

arsenic /ɑɹˈsɛnɪk/ /ɑː(ɹ)ˈsɛnɪk/ /ˈɑɹsənɪk/ /ˈɑː(ɹ).sə.nɪk/ arsenics n
arsen
A toxic grey brittle nonmetallic chemical element (symbol As) with an atomic number of 33.
arszenik trójtlenek arsenu
Arsenic trioxide.

arsenic acid n
kwas arsenowy
(inorganic compound) A poisonous, white crystalline compound, H3AsO4, formed from arsenic pentoxide and water; it has the same structure as phosphoric acid, and is used in the manufacture of arsenates.

arsenic trioxide n
arszenik
(chemistry) An industrially important and highly toxic oxide of arsenic that occurs as the mineral claudetite; formula As2O3 (though in liquid, gaseous and some solid forms it has molecules of the form As4O6).

arsenide /ˈaɹsəˌnaɪd/ arsenides n
arsenek
A compound with arsenic in oxidation state −3.

arsenite arsenites n
arsenin
(chemistry) Any oxyanion of trivalent arsenic, especially the AsO33− anion (or protonated derivatives); any salt containing this anion, or any ester of arsenious acid

arsenopyrite arsenopyrites n
arsenopiryt
(mineral) A silvery-grey ore of arsenic, a mixed arsenide and sulfide of iron, FeAsS.

arsenous adj
arsenawy

arshin arshins n
arszyn
An obsolete Russian length unit, equal to 71.12 centimeters, or 28 inches.

arsine /ˈɑː(ɹ)saɪn/ /ˈɑː(ɹ)siːn/ arsines n
arseniak arsenowodór
(inorganic compound, uncountable) A compound of arsenic and hydrogen, AsH3, a colorless and exceedingly poisonous gas, having an odor like garlic.

arson /ˈɑɹsən/ /ˈɑːsən/ arsons n
podpalenie
The crime of deliberately starting a fire with intent to cause damage.

arsonist /ˈɑɹsənəst/ /ˈɑːsənɪst/ arsonists n
podpalacz
One who has committed the act of arson, or illegally setting fire to property.

art /ɐːt/ /ɑɹt/ /ɑːt/ [-tsʰ] [-t̚] [-ɻ-] [aːt] [äːt] [äˑɹt] [ɐɹt] [ɑɹt] [ɑːt] [ɑːtʰ] [ɑːʔ] [ɑˑɻt] [ɑ̈ɹt] [ɒət] [ɒɹt] [ɒːt] arts n
sztuka umiejętność
(uncountable) The conscious production or arrangement of sounds, colours, forms, movements, or other elements in a manner that affects the senses and emotions, usually specifically the production of the beautiful in a graphic or plastic medium.
(countable) Skillful creative activity, usually with an aesthetic focus.
(uncountable, dated) Contrivance, scheming, manipulation.
dzieło sztuki
(uncountable) Artwork.

art dealer art dealers n
marszand
(This entry is a translation hub.) A person who buys and sells works of art

art director art directors n
dyrektor artystyczny dyrektorka artystyczna
A person who supervises and unifies the vision of an artistic production, including its visual appearance and psychological appeal to a target audience.

art for art's sake n
sztuka dla sztuki
(arts, slogan) Art with no function; whose only purpose is beauty.

art historian art historians n
historyczka stuki historyk sztuki
An expert in art history.

art history n
historia sztuki
The study of the history of the visual arts.

art of war arts of war n
sztuka wojenna
The numerous strategies and tactics available to military leaders during combat.

artel /ɑː(ɹ)ˈtɛl/ /ɑːɹˈtɛl/ artels n
artel
(now, historical) A Russian or Soviet craftsmen's collective. [from 18th c.]

artemisia /ɑːtɪˈmɪzɪə/ artemisias n
bylica
Any of many aromatic flowering plants of the genus Artemisia, including wormwood, sagebrush, and tarragon, often used as traditional medicine, oral contraceptive and flavouring.

arterial adj
tętniczy arterialny arteryjny
Of or relating to an artery.

arteriographic adj
arteriograficzny
(medicine) Relating to arteriography.

arteriole arterioles n
arteriola tętniczka
(anatomy) One of the small branches of an artery, especially one that connects with capillaries.

arteriosclerosis /ɑɹˌtiɹioʊsklɚˈoʊsəs/ arterioscleroses n
arterioskleroza miażdżyca
(pathology) Hardening, narrowing or loss of elasticity in arteries or blood vessels.

arteriosclerotic more arteriosclerotic most arteriosclerotic adj
arteriosklerotyczny miażdżycowy
(pathology) Of, pertaining to, or caused by arteriosclerosis

artery /ˈɑɹ.təɹ.i/ /ˈɑː.tə.ɹi/ arteries n
tętnica arteria
(anatomy) Any of the muscular- and elastic-walled blood vessels forming part of the circulation system by which blood is conveyed away from the heart regardless of its oxygenation status; see pulmonary artery.
arteria
(transport) A major transit corridor in a system of roads, rivers, or railway lines.

artesian /ɑɹˈtiʒən/ /ɑːˈtiːʒən/ adj
artezyjski
(of a water supply) Rising to the surface under its own hydrostatic pressure.

artesian aquifer artesian aquifers n
wody artezyjskie

artesian bore artesian bores n
studnia artezyjska
A bore-hole drilled in an artesian basin to produce an artificial artesian well.

artesian water artesian waters n
wody artezyjskie

artesian well artesian wells n
źródło artezyjskie
An aquifer in which water rises to the surface under its own hydrostatic pressure.
studnia artezyjska
A bore-hole in an artesian basin.

arthritic /ɑː(ɹ)θˈɹɪtɪk/ more arthritic most arthritic adj
artretyczny
(pathology) Of, or affected by arthritis.

arthritic /ɑː(ɹ)θˈɹɪtɪk/ arthritics n
artretyczka artretyk

arthritically more arthritically most arthritically adv
artretycznie

arthritis /ɑː(ɹ)θˈɹ(a)ɪtɪs/ arthritides n
zapalenie stawów artretyzm
Inflammation of a joint or joints causing pain and/or disability, swelling and stiffness, and due to various causes such as infection, trauma, degenerative changes or metabolic disorders.

arthro- prefix
artro-
(biology, medicine) articulation = joint (as for example in arthroplasty#Noun).

arthrogryposis arthrogryposes n
artrogrypoza
(countable, teratology) The permanent fixation of a joint in a contracted position.

arthrological adj
artrologiczny

arthrology n
artrologia
(anatomy) The branch of anatomy dealing with the joints

arthropathy arthropathies n
artropatia
(pathology) Any of several diseases of a joint

arthropod /ˈɑːθrəpɒd/ arthropodae arthropods n
stawonóg
An invertebrate animal of the phylum Arthropoda, characterized by a chitinous exoskeleton and multiple jointed appendages.

arthroscope arthroscopes n
artroskop
(medicine) A form of endoscope used in arthroscopy

arthroscopy arthroscopies n
artroskopia
the examination of the interior of a joint (such as the knee) using an arthroscope

arthrosis arthroses n
artroza
(pathology) Any degenerative disease of such a joint e.g. osteoarthritis.

artichoke /ˈɑɹ.tɪˌtʃoʊk/ /ˈɑː.tɪˌtʃəʊk/ artichokes n
karczoch
A plant related to the thistle with enlarged flower heads eaten as a vegetable while immature, Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus.

artichoke heart artichoke hearts n
karczoch
The edible base of an artichoke, prepared by removing the outer leaves and the inedible choke covering it.

article /ˈɑɹtəkl̩/ /ˈɑɹtɪkəl/ /ˈɑːtɪkəl/ [ˈɑ(ː)ɹɾɨkɫ̩] [ˈɑːtʰɪkʰəɫ] articles n
artykuł rodzajnik
A piece of nonfiction writing such as a story, report, opinion piece, or entry in a newspaper, magazine, journal, encyclopedia, etc.
rodzajnik przedimek artykuł
(grammar) A part of speech that indicates, specifies and limits a noun (a, an, or the in English). In some languages the article may appear as an ending (e.g. definite article in Swedish) or there may be none (e.g. Russian, Pashto).
artykuł paragraf rodzajnik
A section of a legal document, bylaws, etc. or, in the plural, the entire document seen as a collection of these.

article of faith articles of faith n
artykuł wiary
A thing that is believed as a matter of faith.

articled clerk articled clerks n
aplikant aplikantka
(legal) An apprentice in law.

articleless adj
bezrodzajnikowy

articlelessness n
cecha tego, co jest bezrodzajnikowe

articles /ˈɑɹtɪkəlz/ /ˈɑːtɪkəlz/ v
aplikacja aplikantura
law

articulate /ɑː(ɹ)ˈtɪk.jʊ.leɪt/ /ɑːɹˈtɪk.jə.leɪt/ v
artykułować wyartykułować
(ambitransitive) To speak clearly; to enunciate.
(music, transitive) to attack a note, as by tonguing, slurring, bowing, etc.

articulated bus articulated buses n
autobus przegubowy przegubowiec
A bus fitted with a joint, which is covered by an accordion-shaped weatherproofing, to increase its manoeuvrability.

articulation /ɑɹˌtɪk.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/ /ɑːˌtɪk.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/ articulations n
artykulacja
(countable, or, uncountable) A joint or the collection of joints at which something is articulated, or hinged, for bending.
(uncountable) The quality, clarity or sharpness of speech.
(music, uncountable) The manner in which something is articulated (tongued, slurred or bowed).
(accounting) The interrelation and congruence of the flow of data between financial statements of an entity, especially between the income statement and balance sheet.

articulational adj
artykulacyjny

artifact /ˈɑɹtɪfækt/ /ˈɑːtɪfækt/ [-ɾə-] [-ɾɪ-] artifacts n
artefakt wytwór
An object made or shaped by human hand or labor.
artefakt
A finding or structure in an experiment or investigation that is not a true feature of the object under observation, but is a result of external action, the test arrangement, or an experimental error.
(archaeology) An object, such as a tool, ornament, or weapon of archaeological or historical interest, especially such an object found at an archaeological excavation.
(computing) A perceptible distortion that appears in an audio or video file or a digital image as a result of applying a lossy compression or other inexact processing algorithm.
(software engineering) Ellipsis of build artifact.

artificial /ˌɑː(ɹ).təˈfɪʃ.əl/ [ˌɑːrtɪˈfɪʃl] more artificial most artificial adj
sztuczny artyficjalny
Man-made; made by humans; of artifice.

artificial insemination n
sztuczna inseminacja
(biology, medicine) The introduction of semen into the uterus or cervix of a female by a means other than copulation.

artificial intelligence artificial intelligences n
sztuczna inteligencja
(computer science) The branch of computer science dealing with the reproduction or mimicking of human-level intelligence, self-awareness, knowledge, conscience, thought in computer programs.
Intelligence exhibited by an artificial (non-natural, man-made) entity.
The essential quality of a machine which thinks in a manner similar to or on the same general level as a real human being.

artificial selection n
dobór sztuczny
(evolutionary theory) Intervention by humans in the breeding of plants or animals in order to preserve selected genetic traits.

artificial turf artificial turfs n
sztuczna trawa
An artificial grass surface made to resemble real grass, often used for sports fields.

artificiality /ˌɑː(ɹ).tɪˌfɪʃ.iˈæl.ɪ.ti/ artificialities n
sztuczność
(uncountable) The quality of being artificial or produced unnaturally.

artificially more artificially most artificially adv
afektowanie
In an artificial manner.

artillery /ɑɹˈtɪləɹi/ /ɑːˈtɪləɹi/ artilleries n
artyleria
An army unit that uses such weapons, or a military formation using projectile weapons, such as archers.

artilleryman artillerymen n
artylerzysta
(military) A soldier enlisted in an artillery unit or who uses artillery.

artillerywoman artillerywomen n
artylerzystka

artiodactyl /ˌɑːtɪəʊˈdaktɪl/ artiodactyls n
parzystokopytne
(zoology) Any ungulate mammal with an even number of toes and belonging to the Artiodactyla, including pigs, sheep, deer, cattle, and most grazing animals. In contrast, horses have an odd number of toes and as such are not Artiodactyla, but Perissodactyla. [from 19th c.]

artisan /ˈɑɹtɪsən/ /ˈɑɹtɪzən/ /ˈɑː(ɹ)tɪzæn/ /ˈɑː(ɹ)tɪzən/ artisans n
rzemieślnik rzemieślniczka
A skilled manual worker who uses tools and machinery in a particular craft.

artist /ˈɑɹ.tɪst/ /ˈɑːtɪst/ artists n
artysta artystka malarz malarka twórca twórczyni
A person who creates art as an occupation.
A person who creates art.
artysta artystka fachura
(often, in combination) A person who is skilled at some activity.

artist's impression artists' impressions n
wizja artystyczna

artistic /ɑɹˈtɪstɪk/ /ɑːˈtɪstɪk/ more artistic most artistic adj
artystyczny
Having or revealing creative skill.
Relating to or characteristic of art or artists.
kunsztowny artystyczny
Aesthetically pleasing.

artistically /ɑː(ɹ)ˈtɪstɪkli/ /ɑː(ɹ)ˈtɪstɪkəli/ more artistically most artistically adv
artystycznie
In an artistic manner.

artisticness n
artystyczność
The quality of being artistic.

artistry /ˈɑː(ɹ)tɪstɹi/ artistries n
artyzm kunszt
Significant artistic skill.

arts and crafts n
rękodzieło
All the handicrafts based upon making decorative and useful things manually.

artwork /ˈɑɹtˌwɝk/ /ˈɑːtˌwɜːk/ artworks n
dzieło sztuki
A painting, drawing, sculpture or other piece of creative, visual art.

arugula /əˈɹuɡələ/ /əˈɹʊɡələ/ arugulas n
rukola
One of three yellowish-flowered Mediterranean herbs of the mustard family with flavoured leaves, often eaten in salads. Has a distinct, peppery flavor:

arum /ˈɛ(ə)ɹəm/ arums n
obrazki aron
A flower or plant in the genus Arum

aryballos aryballoi aryballoses n
aryballos
A small Ancient Greek flask used to hold perfume or oil.

aryl aryls n
aryl
(organic chemistry) Any univalent organic radical derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon by removing a hydrogen atom.

arylate v
arylować

arylation arylations n
arylowanie
(organic chemistry) Any reaction that involves the addition of one or more aryl groups

arête /əˈɹeɪt/ /əˈɹɛt/ arêtes n
grań
(geology) A very thin ridge of rock.

as /æz/ /əz/ adv
tak jak gdy kiedy podczas
To such an extent or degree; to the same extent or degree.
jako jak bo ponieważ
Considered to be, in relation to something else; in the relation (specified).
jak
(dated) For example; for instance. (Compare such as.)

as /æz/ /əz/ conjunction
jak tak gdy kiedy
In the (same) way or manner that; to the (same) degree that.
jak gdy kiedy podczas
At the same time that, during the same time when: while.
bo ponieważ
Being that, considering that, because, since.
jak
(dated) Introducing a comparison with a hypothetical state (+ subjunctive, or with the verb elided): as though, as if. [to 19th century]
jako
(law) used before a preposition to clarify that the prepositional phrase restricts the meaning of the sentence; specifically.

as /ˈæs/ ases asses n
jak bo ponieważ
(unit of weight) A libra.
jako jak tak bo ponieważ gdy
(numismatics) Any of several coins of Rome, coined in bronze or later copper; or the equivalent value.

as /æz/ /əz/ preposition
jak tak bo ponieważ gdy kiedy
Introducing a basis of comparison, with an object in the objective case.
jako jak gdy kiedy podczas
In the role of.

as I live and breathe /æz aɪ lɪv ænd bɹið/ /æz aɪ lɪv ænd bɹiːð/ phraseologicalUnit
jak babcię kocham
(dated) Used to declare the truth of a statement with emphasis.
jak babcię kocham niech mnie niech skonam
(dated) Used to express surprise at an experience one is witnessing.

as I was saying phraseologicalUnit
jak mówiłam jak mówiłem
(idiomatic, informal) Used to refer back to one's own previous statement in a discourse

as a matter of fact
właściwie w rzeczywistości
(adverbial) Actually, in fact.

as a result
w rezultacie
(conjunctive) Consequently; thus; therefore; hence.

as a rule adv
z reguły z zasady
(idiomatic) In general; most often.

as a whole
w ogólnym rozrachunku
(idiom) Considered all together.

as above, so below phraseologicalUnit
co jest wyżej, jest jak to, co jest niżej
(occultism) What happens on a higher level of reality also happens on lower levels; the microcosm and macrocosm behave alike.

as best one can adv
najlepiej, jak potrafić
(idiomatic) In the best possible way, given one's circumstances and abilities.

as far as preposition
jeśli chodzi o
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see as,‎ far,‎ as.

as far as one knows adv
o ile mi wiadomo z tego co wiem
(idiomatic) To the best of one's knowledge, as far as someone knows about the topic, subject, aspect, or situation.

as far as the eye can see
wzdłuż i wszerz

as fast as one's legs could carry one adv
ile sił w nogach

as follows adv
następująco następujący
In the manner described hereafter.

as for preposition
co do jeśli chodzi o
Regarding; about; concerning.

as fuck adv
w chuj
(postpositive, slang, vulgar, simile) To a great extent or degree; very.

as good as adv
niemal prawie równie dobrze
almost, virtually, practically; tantamount to

as good as it gets phraseologicalUnit
lepiej być nie może
The best available under the circumstances.

as hell adv
cholernie jak cholera jak diabli jak jasna cholera jak jasny gwint jak nie wiem
(postpositive, simile) To a great extent or degree; very.

as if /əz‿ˈɪf/ /ˌæz‿ˈɪf/ conjunction
jakby
As though; in a manner suggesting.
In mimicry of.

as if by magic phraseologicalUnit
jak za dotknięciem czarodziejskiej różdżki
In a very surprising or seemingly impossible way.

as if nothing had happened adv
jak gdyby nigdy nic

as if there were no tomorrow adv
jakby jutra miało nie być jakby jutro miał się skończyć świat
(idiomatic) To an excessive degree, oftentimes with little to no regard to future consequences; desperately; recklessly or wantonly; frantically; very quickly or very much.

as in adv
czyli jako w sensie
(idiomatic, conjunctive) In the sense of.

as is /æzˈɪz/ adj
taki jaki jest
(idiomatic, of an object) as it is; in its present state or condition, especially as a contractual condition of sale.

as it happens adv
tak się składa
(idiomatic) By coincidence, incidentally.

as it is adv
i tak
Already; without adding further difficulty or complexity.

as it stands
w obecnej formie
In the current state or circumstance.

as it were adv
niejako
Used to indicate that a word or statement is perhaps not exact though practically right; as if it were so.

as long as conjunction
o ile
(idiomatic) Provided that, if, assuming (depending upon some condition or requirement).
dopóki skoro
(idiomatic) While, Since

as much as possible adv
jak
As much as is possible.

as of preposition
od począwszy od
(idiomatic) At or by a specified time, with the implication that the said condition will be true from that time onward.

as of right
prawnie
(legal) By virtue of an entitlement or authority which arises from certain legal conditions or circumstances; by operation of law.

as one man adv
jak jeden mąż

as opposed to preposition
w przeciwieństwie do
in contrast to, rather than, instead of; particularly used in defining a concept by providing an example that does not fall inside the concept.

as per /ˌæz ˈpɜː/ /ˌæz ˈpɝ/ preposition
zgodnie z

as quickly as possible
jak najszybciej

as soon as conjunction
jak tylko gdy tylko kiedy tylko
At the moment when; immediately after.

as soon as possible adv
[[tak szybko, jak to możliwe]] możliwie jak najszybciej możliwie najszybciej
As soon as is possible; at one's earliest convenience; at the earliest possible time.

as the crow flies adv
w linii prostej
(idiomatic) In a straight line distance between two locations, as opposed to the road distance or over land distance.

as the saying goes phraseologicalUnit
jak to się mówi
Used before or after saying an apt proverb, adage, cliché etc.

as the twig is bent, so is the tree inclined proverb
czym skorupka za młodu nasiąknie, tym na starość trąci
A person's formative experiences in youth influence their character during adulthood.

as they say phraseologicalUnit
jak to mówią

as to preposition
co do
With reference or regard to.
według
According to; in a manner conforming or corresponding to; in proportion.

as usual adv
jak zwykle
As is usually the case; as always.

as well /æzwɛl/ /æzˈwɛl/ /əzˈwɛl/ [æˑzˈwɛːɫ] adv
też także
(idiomatic) In addition; also.
równie dobrze
To the same effect.

as well as /əz ˈwɛl æz/ /əz ˈwɛl əz/ /əˈzwɛlz/ conjunction
oraz
And, in addition.

as well as /əz ˈwɛl æz/ /əz ˈwɛl əz/ /əˈzwɛlz/ preposition
jak i jak również
In addition to; further to.

as yet adv
jak dotąd
(idiomatic) Up to the present.

as you know adv
jak pan wie jak pani wie jak państwo wiedzą jak wiadomo jak wiecie jak wiesz
(idiomatic) as it is already known.

as you make your bed, so you must lie in it proverb
jak sobie pościelesz, tak się wyśpisz
You shall carry the negative consequences of your not having prepared properly.

as you sow, so shall you reap /əz‿ju ˈsoʊ soʊ‿ʃəl‿ju ˈɹip/ /əz‿ju ˈsəʊ səʊ‿ʃəl‿ju ˈɹiːp/ proverb
kto sieje wiatr, zbiera burzę
The consequences of one's actions to oneself are in proportion to one's good or bad intentions towards others.

as you wish interjection
jak uważasz
A formal expression of agreement to something, especially with the connotation that one does not really agree.

asafoetida /ˌæsəˈfɛtɪdə/ asafoetidas n
asafetyda czarcie łajno smrodzieniec
A resinous gum from the stem and roots of Ferula species such as Ferula foetida and Ferula assa-foetida, having a strong, unpleasant smell, with culinary and medical uses. [from 14th c.]

asana /ˈɑːsənə/ asanas n
asana
A body position, typically associated with the practice of yoga.

asarabacca asarabaccas n
kopytnik
An acrid herbaceous plant, Asarum europaeum, the leaves and roots of which are emetic and cathartic.

asbestine more asbestine most asbestine adj
azbestowy

asbestine asbestines n
azbestyna

asbestos /æsˈbɛs.tɒs/ /æsˈbɛs.təs/ /æzˈbɛs.təs/ asbesti asbestoses n
azbest
(mineral) Any of several fibrous mineral forms of magnesium silicate, used for fireproofing, electrical insulation, building materials, brake linings, chemical filters, suits, fireman's gloves, etc.

asbestosis /ˈæs.bɛsˌtəʊ.sɪs/ asbestoses n
azbestoza
(pathology) A chronic, inflammatory lung disease caused by long-term, heavy exposure to asbestos.

ascariasis ascariases n
askarioza askarydoza glistnica
A disease of humans caused by the parasitic roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides in humans and by other species of Ascaris in other mammals.

ascendant /əˈsɛnd(ə)nt/ /əˈsɛndənt/ ascendants n
ascendent
(astrology, also, figurative) The degree of the zodiac or point of the ecliptic which rises in an eastern direction above the horizon at a particular moment (especially the moment of a person's birth), which is supposed to have a commanding influence on a person's fortune and life; a horoscope.
(genealogy) An ancestor.

ascending colon ascending colons n
wstępnica
(anatomy) A part of the colon between the cecum and the transverse colon.

ascensional adj
ascendentalny

ascertain /ˌæsəˈteɪn/ /ˌæsɚˈteɪn/ v
ustalać ustalić
To find out definitely; to discover or establish.

ascesis /æ-/ /əˈsisɪs/ /əˈsiːsɪs/ /əˈskiːsɪs/ asceses n
asceza
(Rigorous) self-discipline, particularly as a religious observance; asceticism.

ascetic /əˈsɛ.tɪk/ more ascetic most ascetic adj
ascetyczny
Of or relating to ascetics

ascetic /əˈsɛ.tɪk/ ascetics n
asceta ascetka
One who is devoted to the practice of self-denial, either through seclusion or stringent abstinence.

ascetically more ascetically most ascetically adv
ascetycznie
In an ascetic manner.

asceticism /əˈsɛt.əˌsɪz.əm/ asceticisms n
asceza ascetyzm
The principles and practices of an ascetic; extreme self-denial and austerity.

ascidian ascidians n
żachwa
Any member of the class Ascidiacea (the sea squirts)

ascites /əˈsaɪtiːz/ ascites n
wodobrzusze
(medicine) An accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, frequently symptomatic of liver disease.

ascogonium ascogonia n
askogon
(mycology) The spiral female organ of an ascomycetous fungus from which asci are produced

ascorbic adj
askorbinowy
Of or pertaining to ascorbic acid or its derivatives

ascorbic acid n
kwas askorbinowy
(vitamin) A white crystalline organic compound, C6H8O6, found in citrus fruits and many vegetables; it is an antioxidant and an efficient scavenger of free radicals.

ascribe /əˈskɹaɪb/ v
przypisywać przypisać
(transitive) To attribute a cause or characteristic to someone or something.

aseismic more aseismic most aseismic adj
asejsmiczny
(seismology) seismically inactive

aseity /əˈ siːɪti/ aseities n
aseitas
(theology, metaphysics, usually ascribed to deity) The attribute of being entirely self-derived, in contrast to being derived from or dependent on another; the quality of having within oneself the entire reason for one's being; utter independent self-existence and self-sustenance.

asemantic adj
asemantyczny bezznaczeniowy
Not semantic; not conveying or involving meaning.

asemanticity n
asemantyczność
Quality of being asemantic.

asepsis asepses n
aseptyka
(pathology) The state of being free from sepsis.
(pathology) The process of removing pathogenic organisms or protecting against such organisms.

aseptic /əˈsɛptɪk/ adj
aseptyczny
Free of disease-causing microbes.

aseptically more aseptically most aseptically adv
aseptycznie
In an aseptic manner.

asepticity n
aseptyczność

asexual /eɪˈsɛkʃuəl/ adj
aseksualny
(especially, of a person) Not experiencing sexual attraction; lacking interest in or desire for sex.
bezpłciowy
(biology) Lacking distinct sex, lacking sexual organs.

asexual /eɪˈsɛkʃuəl/ asexuals n
aseksualista aseksualistka
A person who does not experience sexual attraction; a person who lacks interest in or desire for sex.
(rare) Something which does not have a sex, or a word which refers to such a thing.

asexual reproduction n
rozmnażanie bezpłciowe
(biology) Any form of reproduction that involves neither meiosis nor fusion of gametes.

asexuality asexualities n
aseksualizm aseksualność
The state of experiencing little or no sexual attraction.
The state of not having a sex or sexual organs.
bezpłciowość
The quality (of a species or organism) of reproducing asexually.

asexually more asexually most asexually adv
aseksualnie bezpłciowo
In an asexual manner; without having sex.

ash /æʃ/ ashes n
popiół
The solid remains of a fire.
jesion
(uncountable) The wood of this tree.

ash pan ash pans n
popielnik
A metal pan or tray to catch and retain ashes.

ash tree ash trees n
jesion
A tree of the genus Fraxinus, with compound leaves and a tough, flexible wood.

ashamed /əˈʃeɪmd/ more ashamed most ashamed adj
zawstydzony
Feeling shame or guilt.

ashen /ˈæʃ.ən/ more ashen most ashen adj
jesionowy
Made from the wood of the ash-tree.
popielaty
Of or resembling ashes.
blady
Ash-colored; pale; anemic, anaemic; appalled.

ashlar /ˈæʃlə/ /ˈæʃlɚ/ ashlars n
licówka kamienna nieregularna mur ciosowy
(architecture) Masonry employing flat and well-squared stone or brick, creating an appearance similar to wooden flooring.

ashless adj
bezpopiołowy
Without ash.
That leaves no ash upon combustion.

ashtray /ˈæʃ.tɹeɪ/ ashtrays n
popielniczka
A receptacle for ash and butts from cigarettes and cigars.

aside from preposition
oprócz poza
excluding; with the exception of

asigmatic adj
asygmatyczny

asinine /ˈæs.ə.naɪn/ /ˈæs.ɪ.naɪn/ more asinine most asinine adj
debilny
Very foolish; failing to exercise intelligence or judgement or rationality.
ośli
Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of donkeys.

ask /eəsk/ /ˈask/ /ˈæks/ /ˈæsk/ /ˈɑːks/ /ˈɑːsk/ v
pytać zapytać prosić poprosić
(transitive, or, ditransitive) To request (information, or an answer to a question).

ask around v
popytać zasięgać języka zasięgnąć języka

ask for it v
o to prosić
(idiomatic, informal) To provoke an unwanted action; to invite or fail to prevent a problem.

ask for the moon v
chcieć gwiazdki z nieba

ask out v
umawiać się umówić się zapraszać na randkę zaprosić na randkę
(transitive) To invite somebody, especially on a date.

ask the impossible v
żądać niemożliwego

askari askari askaris n
askarys
(historical) A member of a local African military or police unit, usually one serving in a European colonial force.

aslant /əˈslænt/ /əˈslɑːnt/ adv
krzywo na bakier na skos na ukos skosem ukośnie
(archaic, literary) At a slant.

asleep /əˈsliːp/ more asleep most asleep adj
uśpiony śpiący
In a state of sleep; also, broadly, resting.

asocial /eɪˈsəʊʃ(ə)l/ more asocial most asocial adj
asocjalny aspołeczny
Not social, not relating to society.
Not sociable; having minimal social connections with others; not inclined to connect with others socially.

asociality n
aspołeczność
The character of being asocial; asocial quality or disposition.

asocially more asocially most asocially adv
asocjalnie aspołecznie
In an asocial way.

asp /æsp/ asps n
żmija żebrowana
A venomous viper native to southwestern Europe (Vipera aspis).
boleń rapa boleń pospolity chwat rap
A type of European fish (Aspius aspius).

asparaginase asparaginases n
asparaginaza
(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of asparagine to aspartic acid, used in chemotherapy.

asparagine n
asparagina
(amino acid) A nonessential amino acid C4H8N2O3 found in plants such as asparagus.

asparagus /əˈspæɹ.ə.ɡəs/ /əˈspɛɹ.ə.ɡəs/ asparagi asparagus asparaguses asparagusses n
szparag asparagus
The young shoots of Asparagus officinalis eaten as a vegetable.

aspartame /əˈspɑːteɪm/ /ˈæspɚteɪm/ aspartames n
aspartam
(organic compound) An artificial sweetener, the methyl ester of a dipeptide formed from aspartic acid and phenylalanine, used in many processed foods and beverages.

aspartic acid n
kwas asparaginowy
(amino acid) A nonessential amino acid, L-α-amino-succinic acid, aminobutanedioic acid, found in animal protein and in sugar beet etc (C4H7NO4).

aspect /ˈæspɛkt/ aspects n
aspekt
Any specific feature, part, or element of something.
(grammar) A grammatical quality of a verb which determines the relationship of the speaker to the internal temporal flow of the event which the verb describes, or whether the speaker views the event from outside as a whole, or from within as it is unfolding. [from 19th c.]
widok
Position or situation with regard to seeing; that position which enables one to look in a particular direction; position in relation to the points of the compass.

aspect /ˈæspɛkt/ v
aspektować
(obsolete) To look at.

aspective n
aspektywa

aspectless adj
bezaspektowy

aspectual /ˌæˈspɛktjʊəl/ adj
aspektowy
(grammar) Of or pertaining to grammatical aspect.

aspectual pair aspectual pairs n
para aspektowa

aspen /ˈæspən/ aspens n
osika
The asp tree; a kind of poplar tree (genus Populus sect. Populus). A medium-size tree with thin, straight trunks of a greenish-white color.

asperges n
aspersja
A Christian rite in which the congregation is sprinkled with water.
kropidło
The brush or instrument used in sprinkling holy water; an aspergill.

aspergillum /ˌæspəɹˈd͡ʒɪləm/ aspergilla aspergillums n
kropidło
(Christianity) An implement, in the form of a brush, or of a rod with a perforated container, for sprinkling holy water; a holy water sprinkler.

aspermia n
aspermia
A form of infertility associated with a failure to produce semen.

aspersion aspersions n
aspersja
(obsolete) A sprinkling, especially of holy water.

asphalt /ˈæsfælt/ /ˈæsfɑlt/ /ˈæsfɔlt/ /ˈæsfɔːlt/ /ˈæsfəlt/ /ˈæʃfælt/ /ˈæʃfɑlt/ /ˈæʃfɔlt/ /ˈæʃfɔːlt/ /ˈæʃfəlt/ /ˈæʃfɛlt/ asphalts n
asfalt
A sticky, black to brown and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid, composed almost entirely of bitumen with small mineral particles, that is present in most crude petroleums and in some natural deposits.
Ellipsis of asphalt concrete, a hard ground covering used for roads and walkways.

asphalt /ˈæsfælt/ /ˈæsfɑlt/ /ˈæsfɔlt/ /ˈæsfɔːlt/ /ˈæsfəlt/ /ˈæʃfælt/ /ˈæʃfɑlt/ /ˈæʃfɔlt/ /ˈæʃfɔːlt/ /ˈæʃfəlt/ /ˈæʃfɛlt/ v
asfaltować wyasfaltować zaasfaltować
(transitive) To pave with asphalt.

asphalt concrete asphalt concretes n
asfaltobeton

asphalt jungle asphalt jungles n
asfaltowa dżungla
(idiomatic) A city or urban area, where the landscape is covered by pavement and the environment is alienating and unsafe.

asphaltene asphaltenes n
asfalten
(organic chemistry) Any of the dark organic constituents of crude oils and bitumen that are soluble in aromatic solvents but not in aliphatic ones; they are polycyclic aromatic compounds (composed of fused benzene rings) with aliphatic side chains

asphalter asphalters n
asfalciarz

asphaltic more asphaltic most asphaltic adj
asfaltowy
Resembling, containing, or relating to asphalt or bitumen.

asphaltite asphaltites n
asfaltyt

asphodel /ˈæsfədɛl/ asphodels n
złotogłów asfodel chryzantema złocień
Any of the flowering plants of the family Asphodelaceae, especially Asphodelus ramosus and Asphodelus albus; the flower of these plants.

asphyxia asphyxias n
asfiksja zamartwica
Loss of consciousness due to the body's inability to deliver oxygen to its tissues, either by the breathing of air lacking oxygen or by the inability of the blood to carry oxygen.
(medicine, obsolete) A condition in which an extreme decrease in the concentration of oxygen in the body leads to loss of consciousness or death. Replaced in the mid-20th century by the more specific terms anoxia, hypoxia, hypoxemia and hypercapnia.

aspic /ˈæspɪk/ aspics n
galareta auszpik
A meat or fish jelly

aspidistra aspidistras n
aspidistra
any of several Asian plants, of the genus Aspidistra, having large leaves and small bell-shaped flowers; widely cultivated as a houseplant

aspirant /æsˈpaɪɹənt/ /ˈæspəɹənt/ aspirants n
aspirant aspirantka
Someone who aspires to high office, etc.

aspirate /ˈæs.pə.ɹeɪt/ /ˈæs.pə.ɹɪt/ /ˈæs.pəɹ.eɪt/ /ˈæs.pəɹ.ət/ /ˈæs.pɪ.ɹeɪt/ /ˈæs.pɪ.ɹət/ aspirates n
aspiracja
(linguistics) The puff of air accompanying the release of a plosive or fricative consonant.
aspirata
(linguistics) A sound produced by such a puff of air.

aspirate /ˈæs.pə.ɹeɪt/ /ˈæs.pə.ɹɪt/ /ˈæs.pəɹ.eɪt/ /ˈæs.pəɹ.ət/ /ˈæs.pɪ.ɹeɪt/ /ˈæs.pɪ.ɹət/ v
aspirować
(transitive) To inhale so as to draw something other than air into one's lungs.
(ambitransitive, linguistics) To produce an audible puff of breath, especially following a consonant, such as the letter "h" at the beginning of house or hat in standard English.

aspiration /ˌæspəˈɹeɪʃən/ aspirations n
ambicja aspiracja
The act of aspiring or ardently desiring; an ardent wish or desire, chiefly after what is elevated or spiritual (with common adjunct adpositions being to and of).
aspiracja przydech
(phonetics) A burst of air that follows the release of some consonants.

aspirational /ˌæspəˈɹeɪʃənəl/ more aspirational most aspirational adj
ambitny
Being ambitious.
Desiring success.

aspirator aspirators n
aspirator
A pump for removing gases or liquids.

aspire /əˈspaɪə(ɹ)/ /əˈspaɪɚ/ v
aspirować pretendować
(intransitive) To have a strong desire or ambition to achieve something.

aspirin /ˈæsp(ɪ)ɹɪn/ aspirins n
aspiryna
(uncountable, pharmaceutical drug) an analgesic drug, acetylsalicylic acid
(countable) a tablet containing this substance

asplenia n
asplenia
(biology, medicine) Absence of normal function of the spleen, from any cause:
(biology, medicine) Physiological absence of splenic function; either substantial or total splenic dysfunction; splenic nonfunction.

asport asports n
asport

ass /æs/ asses n
osioł
Any of several species of horse-like animals, especially Equus asinus, the domesticated of which are used as beasts of burden.
dupa tyłek cztery litery dupsko kuper zad
(vulgar, slang, countable, and, uncountable) The buttocks.
osioł idiota tuman
(slang, mildly, _, vulgar) A stupid person.
dupa dupczenie jebanie pierdolenie
(vulgar, slang, objectifying, uncountable) Sex; a person to have sex with; with vulgar emphasis on their corporeality (their body) over their personhood.

ass-backwards adv
od dupy strony
(colloquial) Moving backwards, that is, rear end first.
(idiomatic, colloquial) In a hopelessly misguided manner; in a manner contrary to what is normal, expected, or logical.

assailant /əˈseɪlənt/ assailants n
agresor atakujący napadający napastnik
Someone who attacks or assails another violently, or criminally.

assassin /əˈsæsɪn/ assassins n
asasyn
(historical, , usually, capitalized) A member of the Nizari Ismaili Muslim community of the Alamut Period.
zamachowiec skrytobójca skrytobójczyni zamachowczyni
Someone who intentionally kills a person, especially a professional who kills a public or political figure.
zabójca zabójczyni zbójczyni
Any ruthless killer.

assassination /əˌsæs.ɪ.ˈneɪ.ʃən/ assassinations n
zamach morderstwo skrytobójstwo
The murder of a person, especially for political reasons or for personal gain.

assault /əˈsɑlt/ /əˈsɔlt/ /əˈsɔːlt/ /əˈsʌlt/ assaults n
szturm napaść
A violent onset or attack with physical means, for example blows, weapons, etc.

assault rifle assault rifles n
karabin automatyczny
A military select-fire rifle or carbine that fires a shortened rifle caliber round or lower-power smaller-calibre round, from a high-capacity magazine.

asscheek /ˈæst͡ʃik/ asscheeks n
policzek półdupek
(vulgar, _, slang) A buttock.

assemblage /əˈsɛmblɪd͡ʒ/ assemblages n
montaż
The process of assembling or bringing together.
zbiorowisko
A collection of things which have been gathered together or assembled.
asamblaż assemblage
(arts) A visual art form similar to collage, which combines two-dimensional and three-dimensional, often found, elements into works of art.

assemble /əˈsɛmbl̩/ v
montować
(transitive) To put together.
gromadzić się zbierać się
(ambitransitive) To gather as a group.

assembler /əˈsɛmb(ə)lɚ/ assemblers n
asembler assembler
(programming, countable) A program that reads source code written in assembly language and produces executable machine code, possibly together with information needed by linkers, debuggers and other tools.

assembly /əˈsɛmb.li/ /əˈsɛmb.lɪ/ assemblies n
zgromadzenie apel narada wiec
A congregation of people in one place for a purpose.
zgromadzenie
(politics) A legislative body.

assembly language assembly languages n
asembler assembler
(computer languages) A programming language in which the source code of programs is composed of mnemonic instructions, each of which corresponds directly to a machine instruction for a particular processor.

assembly line assembly lines n
linia montażowa
(manufacturing) A system of workers and machinery in which a product is assembled in a series of consecutive operations; typically the product is conveyed by a continuously moving belt

assent /əˈsɛnt/ assents n
sankcja
agreement; act of agreeing

assertive /əˈsɝtɪv/ more assertive most assertive adj
asertywny pewny siebie pewny swego
Boldly self-assured; confident without being aggressive.

assertively more assertively most assertively adv
asertywnie

assertiveness assertivenesses n
asertywność
The quality of being assertive.

assertoric /ˌæsɚˈtɔɹɪk/ adj
asertoryczny
(logic) Stating that which is actual, usually in contrast with modal sentences.

assess /əˈses/ /əˈsɛs/ v
ocenić oceniać
(transitive) To determine, estimate or judge the value of; to evaluate

assessment assessments n
bilans
The act of assessing or an amount (of tax, levy or duty etc) assessed.
ocena
An appraisal or evaluation.

asset /ˈæsət/ /ˈæsɛt/ /ˈæsɪt/ assets n
aktywa
(software) Any component, model, process or framework of value that can be leveraged or reused.

asset class asset classes n
klasa aktywów

asset management n
zarządzanie aktywami
(business) The process of managing, monitoring and maintaining the value of a commercial entity.

asset stripping n
obdarcie z aktywów

assets /ˈæsɛts/ n
aktywa
(accounting) The left side of a balance sheet.

assfuck /ˈæsfʌk/ v
jebać w dupę
(North America, vulgar) To engage in anal intercourse.

asshole /ˈæsˌhoʊl/ assholes n
dupa
(vulgar) The anus.
dupek cham dziad dziadyga gad gadzina
(vulgar, pejorative) A jerk; an inappropriately or objectionably mean, inconsiderate, contemptible, obnoxious, intrusive, stupid, and/or rude person.

assibilation /əˌsɪbɪˈleɪʃən/ assibilations n
asybilacja

assiduous /əˈsɪdjuːəs/ /əˈsɪd͡ʒu.əs/ /əˈsɪd͡ʒuːəs/ more assiduous most assiduous adj
gorliwy sumienny wytrwały
Hard-working, diligent or regular (in attendance or work); industrious.

assign /əˈsaɪn/ v
asygnować wyasygnować wyznaczać wyznaczyć
(transitive) To designate or set apart (something) for some purpose.
wyznaczać wyznaczyć
(transitive) To appoint or select (someone) for some office.
asygnować wyasygnować
(transitive) To allot or give (something) as a task.
przypisywać przypisać
(transitive) To attribute or sort (something) into categories.
przypisać przypisywać
(transitive, programming) To give (a value) to a variable.

assignat /asɪˈnja/ /ˈasɪɡnat/ assignats n
asygnata

assignation /æsɪɡˈneɪʃən/ assignations n
asygnacja
The act of assigning or allotting; apportionment.

assignee assignees n
cesjonariusza nabywcy
(legal) One to whom a right or property is being transferred.

assignment assignments n
cesja przelew
(legal) A transfer of a right or benefit from one person to another.
przypisanie
(programming) An operation that assigns a value to a variable.

assignor assignors n
cedenta zbywającego
(legal) The person or party which makes an assignment.

assimilate /əˈsɪm.ɪ.leɪt/ n
asymilat

assimilate /əˈsɪm.ɪ.leɪt/ v
asymilować przyswoić przyswajać zasymilować
(transitive) To incorporate nutrients into the body, especially after digestion.
asymilować przejmować przejąć zasymilować
(transitive) To incorporate or absorb (knowledge) into the mind.
asymilować zasymilować
(transitive) To absorb (a person or people) into a community or culture.
(transitive) To bring to a likeness or to conformity; to cause a resemblance between.
asymilować się zasymilować się
(intransitive) To be incorporated or absorbed into something.

assimilation /əˌsɪməˈleɪʃən/ assimilations n
asymilacja
The act of assimilating or the state of being assimilated.
The metabolic conversion of nutrients into tissue.
(by extension) The absorption of new ideas into an existing cognitive structure.
(sociology, cultural studies) The adoption, by a minority group, of the customs and attitudes of the dominant culture.
upodobnienie asymilacja
(phonology) A sound change process by which the phonetics of a speech segment becomes more like that of another segment in a word (or at a word boundary), so that a change of phoneme occurs.

assimilational adj
asymilacyjny

assimilationist more assimilationist most assimilationist adj
asymilatorski

assimilationist assimilationists n
asymilant asymilator asymilatorka
(sociology) An advocate of the policy or practice of the assimilation of immigrant or other minority cultures into a mainstream culture.

assimilator assimilators n
asymilant asymilator
A person or thing which assimilates.
In algae, a filament of cells involved with photosynthesis, usually full of chloroplasts.

assist /əˈsɪst/ assists n
asysta

assist /əˈsɪst/ v
asystować pomagać pomóc
To help.
(medicine) To help compensate for what is missing with the help of a medical technique or therapy.

assistance /əˈsɪs.təns/ assistances n
pomoc
Aid; help; the act or result of assisting.

assistant /əˈsɪstənt/ adj
asystencki
Having a subordinate or auxiliary position.

assistant /əˈsɪstənt/ assistants n
asystent asystentka pomocnik pomocnica
A person who assists or helps someone else.

assistant manager assistant managers n
zastępca menedżera

assistant professor assistant professors n
adiunkt adiunktka
(education) An entry-level position in a university faculty, lower than an associate professor and a full professor.

assistantship assistantships n
asystentura
The occupation of being an assistant.
A position of employment as an assistant.

assisted reproductive technology assisted reproductive technologies n
techniki wspomaganego rozrodu
(medicine) Any technological means of inducing pregnancy, for example by artificial insemination.

assload assloads n
pierdyliard
(slang, vulgar, US) A large amount.

associate /əˈsoʊsi.ət/ /əˈsoʊsieɪt/ /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/ /əˈsoʊʃieɪt/ /əˈsəʊsi.ət/ /əˈsəʊsieɪt/ /əˈsəʊʃi.ət/ /əˈsəʊʃieɪt/ associates n
partner partnerka wspólniczka wspólnik współpracowniczka współpracownik
A person united with another or others in an act, enterprise, or business; a partner.
kolega koleżanka
Somebody with whom one works, coworker, colleague.
kolega
A companion; a comrade.
asesor
A member of an institution or society who is granted only partial status or privileges.

associate /əˈsoʊsi.ət/ /əˈsoʊsieɪt/ /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/ /əˈsoʊʃieɪt/ /əˈsəʊsi.ət/ /əˈsəʊsieɪt/ /əˈsəʊʃi.ət/ /əˈsəʊʃieɪt/ v
asocjować kojarzyć skojarzyć
(transitive) To connect evidentially, or in the mind or imagination.

associate professor associate professors n
docent adiunkt
(education) A teacher in a higher education institution who ranks above an assistant professor and below a professor.

association /əˌsoʊsiˈeɪʃən/ /əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən/ /əˌsəʊsiˈeɪʃən/ /əˌsəʊʃiˈeɪʃən/ associations n
skojarzenie współpraca
(uncountable) The act of associating.
asocjacja skojarzenie
(countable) The state of being associated; a connection to or an affiliation with something.
stowarzyszenie związek asocjacja towarzystwo
A group of persons associated for a common purpose; an organization; society.

association football n
piłka nożna
A ball game played between two teams of eleven players, each attempting to win by scoring more goals than their opponent.

associational more associational most associational adj
asocjacyjny
Of, pertaining to or deriving from association.

associationally more associationally most associationally adv
asocjacyjnie

associationism associationisms n
asocjacjonizm
(psychology) A theory that association (of experiences etc) is the basis of consciousness and mental activity

associationist associationists n
asocjacjonista
(psychology) A proponent of associationism.

associationistic more associationistic most associationistic adj
asocjacjonistyczny
(psychology) Of or pertaining to associationism.

associative /əˈsoʊ.si.ə.tɪv/ /əˈsoʊ.ʃi.ə.tɪv/ more associative most associative adj
łączny asocjatywny
(algebra, of a binary operator *) Such that, for any operands a, b and c, (a * b) * c = a * (b * c); (of a ring, etc.) whose multiplication operation is associative.

associative array associative arrays n
słownik tablica asocjacyjna
(computing) An array-like data structure where the indices (called keys) are not limited to integers.

associativity associativities n
asocjatywność łączność działania
(algebra) The condition of being associative.

assonance /ˈæsənəns/ /ˈɛsɘnɘns/ assonances n
asonacja asonancja asonans
(prosody) The repetition of similar or identical vowel sounds (though with different consonants), usually in literature or poetry.

assonant more assonant most assonant adj
asonansowy
(prosody) Characterized by assonance; having successive similar vowel sounds.

assonantly more assonantly most assonantly adv
asonansowo

assortment /əˈsɔːtmənt/ assortments n
asortyment
A collection of varying but related items.

assuage /əˈsweɪd͡ʒ/ /əˈswɑʒ/ v
złagodzić łagodzić
(transitive) To lessen the intensity of, to mitigate or relieve (hunger, emotion, pain etc.).

assume /əˈsjuːm/ /əˈsuːm/ /əˈzuːm/ /əˈʃuːm/ v
przypuszczać dopuszczać dopuścić przypuścić
To authenticate by means of belief; to surmise; to suppose to be true, especially without proof

assumedly more assumedly most assumedly adv
prawdopodobnie
(chiefly, US) In an assumed manner; presumably.

assumption /əˈsʌm(p).ʃ(ə)n/ assumptions n
przypuszczenie
The act of taking for granted, or supposing a thing without proof; a supposition; an unwarrantable claim.
The thing supposed; a postulate, or proposition assumed; a supposition.
wniebowzięcie
The taking of a person up into heaven.
Wniebowzięcie
A festival in honor of the ascent of the Virgin Mary into heaven, celebrated on 15 August.

assure /əˈʃɔː/ /əˈʃɝ/ /əˈʃʊə/ /əˈʃʊɹ/ v
asekurować pilnować ubezpieczać upewniać upewnić zabezpieczyć
(transitive) To make sure and secure; ensure.
zapewnić upewniać upewnić zapewniać
(transitive, followed by that or of) To give (someone) confidence in the trustworthiness of (something).

asswipe /ˈæswaɪp/ asswipes n
srajtaśma
(North America, informal, vulgar) An annoying, contemptible, or worthless person.

astasia /əsˈteɪ.zi.ə/ /əsˈteɪ.ʒə/ astasias n
astazja

astatic more astatic most astatic adj
astatyczny
Not static or stable; unsteady, unstable.

astatine /ˈastətiːn/ /ˈæstəˌtin/ astatines n
astat
A highly radioactive chemical element (symbol At), one of the halogens, with atomic number 85.

astelia astelias n
astelia

aster /ˈæstɚ/ asters n
aster
Any of several plants of the genus Aster; one of its flowers.

astereognosis n
astereognozja

asterisk /ˈæst(ə)ˌɹɪks/ /ˈæstəɹɪsk/ /ˈæstəˌɹɪsk/ /ˈæstɹɪsk/ asterisks n
asterysk gwiazdka
Something resembling or shaped like an asterisk symbol.
gwiazdka
(dated) A small star; also (by extension) , something resembling or shaped like a star.

asterism /ˈæs.təˌɹɪz.əm/ asterisms n
asteryzm
(mineralogy) A star-shaped figure exhibited by some crystals by reflected light (as in a star sapphire) or by transmitted light (as in some mica).

asteroid /ˈæst(ə)ɹɔɪd/ asteroids n
planetoida asteroida
(astronomy) A naturally occurring solid object, which is smaller than a planet, larger than a meteoroid and not a comet, that orbits a star and often has an irregular shape.

asteroid belt pn
pas planetoid
(astronomy) The main asteroid belt, the region of the orbital plane of the Solar System located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter which is occupied by numerous minor planets (asteroids) and the dwarf planet Ceres.

asteronym asteronyms n
asteronim
(typography, rare) An asterism (⁂) or similar symbol which replaces the name of the author in a literary work.

asthenia /æsˈθi.ni.ə/ /æsˈθiː.nɪə/ asthenias n
astenia
(medicine) Weakness; loss of strength.

asthenic more asthenic most asthenic adj
asteniczny

asthenic asthenics n
asteniczka astenik

astheno- prefix
asteno-

asthenopia n
astenopia

asthenosphere /asˈθɛnə(ʊ)sfɪə/ asthenospheres n
astenosfera
(geology) The zone of the Earth's upper mantle, below the lithosphere.

asthma /ˈasmə/ /ˈasθmə/ /ˈaθsmə/ /ˈæst.mə/ /ˈæzmə/ /ˈæzðmə/ /ˈæðzmə/ asthmas asthmata n
astma dychawica zadyszka
(pathology) A long-term respiratory condition, in which the airways may unexpectedly and suddenly narrow, often in response to an allergen, cold air, exercise, or emotional stress. Symptoms include wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing.

asthmatic /æsˈmætɪk/ /æsˈθmætɪk/ /æzˈmætɪk/ more asthmatic most asthmatic adj
astmatyczny
Having the characteristics of asthma, as in an "asthmatic cough".

asthmatic /æsˈmætɪk/ /æsˈθmætɪk/ /æzˈmætɪk/ asthmatics n
astmatyczka astmatyk
A person who suffers from asthma.

asthmatically more asthmatically most asthmatically adv
astmatycznie
In an asthmatic manner.

astigmatic more astigmatic most astigmatic adj
astygmatyczny
(medicine) Suffering from astigmatism.

astigmatic astigmatics n
astygmatyczka astygmatyk
(medicine) One who has astigmatism.

astigmatism /əˈstɪɡmətɪzm̩/ astigmatisms n
astygmatyzm
(optics) A defect of a lens such that light rays coming from a point do not meet at a focal point so that the image is blurred.
(pathology) A disorder of the vision, usually due to a misshapen cornea, such that light does not focus correctly on the retina causing a blurred image.

astika n
astika

astonish /əˈstɑnɪʃ/ /əˈstɒnɪʃ/ v
zdumiewać zdumieć
To surprise greatly.

astonished more astonished most astonished adj
zdumiony
Amazed; surprised.

astonishing /əˈstɑnɪʃɪŋ/ /əˈstɒnɪʃɪŋ/ more astonishing most astonishing adj
zdumiewający
Causing astonishment.

astonishment /əˈstɑːnɪʃmənt/ /əˈstɒnɪʃmənt/ astonishments n
zdziwienie zdumienie dziw osłupienie zdziwko
The feeling or experience of being astonished; great surprise.

astounding more astounding most astounding adj
zdumiewający
That astounds or astound.

astragal astragals n
astragal
(architecture) A semicircular molding separating the architrave at the top or bottom of a column.
(weaponry) A circular molding near the mouth of a cannon.

astragalomancy n
astragalomancja
Divination by dice made from huckle-bones. They have four flat sides and two round sides which were marked.

astrakhan /æstɹəˈkæn/ astrakhans n
astrachan
Cloth resembling the above mentioned fur, often made from wool and mohair and used for trimmings.

astral /ˈæstɹəl/ more astral most astral adj
astralny gwiezdny
Relating to or resembling the stars; starry.
astralny
(parapsychology, theosophy) Relating to a supposed supersensible substance taking the form of an aura discernible by certain gifted individuals.

astral body astral bodies n
ciało astralne
(parapsychology, theosophy) A ghost-like replica of one's physical body which supposedly inhabits or is somehow associated with the physical body, conceived as a subtle body composed of some sort of ethereal material or as being non-physical and capable of sometimes separating from the physical body to travel to other places or to other realms of existence.

astrally more astrally most astrally adv
astralnie

astringent /əˈstɹɪn.d͡ʒənt/ more astringent most astringent adj
surowy
Sharp, caustic, severe.

astro- prefix
astro-
celestial bodies: fixed stars, wandering stars (planets), etc.; space; astronomy

astrobiological adj
astrobiologiczny egzobiologiczny

astrobiologist astrobiologists n
astrobiolog egzobiolog

astrobiology n
astrobiologia egzobiologia
(sciences) The study of life anywhere in the universe, including Earth.

astrochemical adj
astrochemiczny kosmochemiczny

astrochemistry n
astrochemia kosmochemia
(chemistry, astronomy) The study of the chemical composition of stars and outer space

astrocompass astrocompasses n
astrokompas

astrocyte astrocytes n
astrocyt
(neurology) A neuroglial cell, in the shape of a star, in the brain.

astrocytoma astrocytomas astrocytomata n
gwiaździak

astrodome astrodomes n
astrokopuła astrowieżyczka

astrognosy n
astrognozja

astrograph astrographs n
astrograf
(astronomy) A telescope designed and used for astronomical photography.

astrography astrographies n
astrografia
art of delineating the stars

astrolabe /ˈæs.tɹəˌleɪb/ astrolabes n
astrolabium
An astronomical and navigational instrument for gauging the altitude of the Sun and stars.

astrolatry n
astrolatria

astrologer /əˈstrɒl.ə.d͡ʒɚ/ astrologers astrologess n
astrolog
One who studies or practices astrology.

astrological /ˌæstɹəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/ more astrological most astrological adj
astrologiczny
Of, or relating to astrology.

astrological sign astrological signs n
znak znak zodiaku
(astrology) Any of twelve signs, corresponding to constellations, that are used as the basis of astrology

astrologically adv
astrologicznie
With regard to astrology.

astrology /əˈstɹɒlədʒi/ astrologies n
astrologia
Divination about human affairs or natural phenomena from the relative positions of celestial bodies. [from 14th c.]

astromancy /ˈæstɹɵmænsi/ n
astromancja
Divination by the stars; astrology in its modern prophetic aspect.

astromathematics n
[[astro-]]matematyka

astrometeorology n
astrometeorologia

astrometer astrometers n
astrometr

astrometric adj
astrometryczny

astrometry /əˈstɹɒmətɹi/ astrometries n
astrometria
(astronomy) The branch of astronomy that deals with the measurement of the positions and motions of celestial bodies, particularly stars.

astronaut /ˈæstɹəˌnɑt/ /ˈæstɹəˌnɔt/ /ˈæstɹəˌnɔːt/ astronauts n
astronauta astronautka kosmonauta kosmonautka
A member of the crew of a spaceship or other spacecraft that travels beyond Earth's atmosphere, or someone trained to serve that purpose.

astronautic adj
astronautyczny kosmonautyczny
Of or pertaining to astronautics.

astronautics n
astronautyka kosmonautyka
The science and technology of space flight.

astronavigation n
astroorientacja
(scifi) Navigation through space

astronavigational adj
astronawigacyjny

astronomer /ə.ˈstɹɑ.nə.mɚ/ /əˈstɹɒn.ə.mə/ /əˈstɹɒn.ə.mɚ/ astronomers n
astronom astronomka
One who studies astronomy, the stars or the physical universe; a scientist whose area of research is astronomy or astrophysics

astronomical /ˌæs.tɹəˈnɑm.ɪ.kəl/ /ˌæs.tɹəˈnɒm.ɪ.kəl/ more astronomical most astronomical adj
astronomiczny
(not comparable, astronomy) Of or relating to astronomy.
(comparable) Very large; of vast measure.

astronomical unit astronomical units n
jednostka astronomiczna
(astronomy) 149,597,870,700 metres, the approximate mean distance from the Earth to the Sun (the semi-major axis of Earth's orbit), (symbol AU), used to measure distances in the solar system.

astronomically more astronomically most astronomically adv
astronomicznie
(not comparable) Of or relating to astronomy.
(comparable, degree) In the extreme, very (typically very large).

astronomy /æsˈtɹɑn.ə.mi/ /əˈstɹɑn.ə.mi/ astronomies n
astronomia
The study of the physical universe beyond the Earth's atmosphere, including the process of mapping locations and properties of the matter and radiation in the universe.

astrophotography n
astrofotografia
(astronomy, photography) The photography or imaging of astronomical objects, celestial events or areas of the night sky.

astrophotometer astrophotometers n
astrofotometr

astrophotometry n
astrofotometria

astrophysical adj
astrofizyczny
Of or pertaining to astrophysics.

astrophysicist astrophysicists n
astrofizyk
One who studies astrophysics.

astrophysics /ˌæs.tɹoʊˈfɪz.ɪks/ /ˌæs.tɹəˈfɪz.ɪks/ n
astrofizyka
The branch of astronomy or physics that deals with the physical properties of celestial bodies and with the interaction between matter and radiation in celestial bodies and in the space between them.

astute /əsˈtjuːt/ astuter astutest adj
chytry przebiegły
Quickly and critically discerning.

asunder /əˈsʌndə/ /əˈsʌndɚ/ more asunder most asunder adv
na kawałki
(archaic, literary) Into separate parts or pieces.

asyllabic adj
asylabiczny niesylabiczny

asylum /əˈsaɪləm/ asyla asylums n
azyl przytułek
A place of safety or refuge.
dom obłąkanych szpital psychiatryczny
(dated) A place of protection or restraint for one or more classes of the disadvantaged, especially the mentally ill.

asylum seeker asylum seekers n
azylant azylantka azylowiec
A person who has applied for asylum in a foreign country but has not yet been granted refugee status by that country.

asymmetric /ˌeɪ.səˈmɛt.rɪk/ more asymmetric most asymmetric adj
asymetryczny
Not symmetric.

asymmetric warfare n
konflikt asymetryczny

asymmetrical /ˌeɪsɪˈmɛtɹɪk(ə)l/ more asymmetrical most asymmetrical adj
asymetryczny niesymetryczny
Not symmetrical.

asymmetrically more asymmetrically most asymmetrically adv
asymetrycznie niesymetrycznie
In an asymmetric manner.

asymmetricity asymmetricities n
asymetryczność niesymetryczność
The condition of being asymmetric

asymmetry /eɪˈsɪmɪtɹi/ asymmetries n
asymetria
Absence of symmetry or proportion between the parts of a thing, or a distinction that produces such a lack of symmetry.

asymptomatic adj
bezobjawowy
(pathology) Not exhibiting any symptoms of disease, as for example in subclinical cases.

asymptomatically adv
bezobjawowo
Without exhibiting any symptom of disease.

asymptomaticity n
bezobjawowość
The state of being asymptomatic.

asymptote /ˈeɪ̯sɪmtoʊ̯t/ /ˈæsɪmptoʊ̯t/ /ˈæsɪmtoʊ̯t/ /ˈæsɪmtɒt/ asymptotes n
asymptota
(analysis) A straight line which a curve approaches arbitrarily closely as it goes to infinity. The limit of the curve; its tangent "at infinity".

asymptotic /ˌæsəm(p)ˈtɑtɪk/ /ˌæsəm(p)ˈtɔtɪk/ /ˌæsɪm(p)ˈtɒtɪk/ adj
asymptotyczny
(mathematics) Pertaining to values or properties approached at infinity.

asymptotical adj
asymptotyczny
asymptotic

asymptotically adv
asymptotycznie
(analysis) In an asymptotical manner, in the way of an asymptote, toward an asymptote.

asymptotics n
asymptotyczność
(mathematics) asymptotic behavior

asynchronicity asynchronicities n
asynchron asynchroniczność asynchronizm
(uncountable) The state of being asynchronous.

asynchronous /eɪˈsɪŋkɹənəs/ adj
asynchroniczny
Not synchronous; occurring at different times.

asynchronously adv
asynchronicznie
In an asynchronous manner.

asynchrony asynchronies n
asynchronia asynchron asynchroniczność asynchronizm
The state of being asynchronous, or out of synchronization

asyndetic adj
asyndetyczny
(grammar, rhetoric) Of, related to, or characterized by asyndeton, lacking conjunctions or purposefully omitting conjunctions.

asyndetically adv
asyndetycznie
(grammar, rhetoric) Expressed without conjunctions or with conjunctions purposefully omitted.

asyndeton asyndeta asyndetons n
asyndeton
(grammar, rhetoric) Omission of conjunctions, especially for rhetorical effect.

asynergia asynergias n
asynergia

at /æt/ /ət/ preposition
przy w u
In, near, or in the general vicinity of a particular place.
w o
(indicating time) Indicating occurrence in an instant of time or a period of time relatively short in context or from the speaker's perspective.
do na
In the direction of (often implied to be in a hostile or careless manner).
za
Denotes a price.
Indicates a position on a scale or in a series.
w
Occupied in (activity).

at a glance
na pierwszy rzut oka
(idiomatic) Upon cursory examination.

at a loss
ze stratą
(trade) Below the cost or price of purchase.
w rozterce
(idiomatic) Not sure; uncertain; lacking further ideas, direction, or ability.

at a loss for words
brak komuś słów
(idiomatic) Having nothing to say; not knowing what to say; stunned to the point of being speechless.

at a push
na siłę
not later than, at the latest

at a run
biegiem w biegu

at a time
naraz
Simultaneously at each occurrence (of some action).

at all [ætˈoːɫ] [æˈɾɑ̈ɫ] [æˈɾɔɫ] [əˈtʰoːɫ] [əˈɾoːɫ] [əˈɾɑ̈ɫ] [əˈɾɔɫ] adv
ani trochę całkiem nic a nic w ogóle wcale
(idiom) Indicating degree, quantity or frequency greater than zero: to the slightest degree, in any way, at any time or in any circumstance.

at all costs
za wszelką cenę
As an absolute imperative; sparing no effort or expense

at any given moment adv
w dowolnej chwili w każdej chwili
(idiom) at any point of time

at arm's length
na dystans na wyciągnięcie ręki
At a distance, away from one's body.

at bay
trzymany na bezpieczną odległość trzymany na dystans
(set phrase, idiomatic) Unable to come closer; at a distance.
trzymany w szachu zapędzony w kozi róg
(set phrase, idiomatic) Cornered; unable to flee.

at best
w najlepszym razie w najlepszym wypadku
In the most favorable of conditions; at the most.

at cost
po kosztach
(business) At the purchasing price; without any markup.

at daggers drawn /æt ˌdæɡəz ˈdɹɔːn/ /æt ˌdæɡəɹz ˈdɹɔn/
z nożem w zębach
(idiomatic, chiefly, Britain) In a state of open hostility. [from 17th c. but rare before 19th c.]

at death's door
jedną nogą w grobie na łożu śmierci u progu śmierci
(idiomatic) About to die; in a life-threatening state of health.

at ease
spocznij
(military, marching) In a relaxed position with the feet apart rather than at attention.

at fault
winny
Of hunting dogs: unable to find the scent.

at first
na początku z początku
(idiomatic) Initially; at the start.

at first blush
na pierwszy rzut oka
(idiomatic) Upon first impression or consideration; seemingly, apparently, ostensibly.

at first glance
na pierwszy rzut oka
(modal) After only a superficial examination or review.

at full tilt
co tchu ile tchu
(idiomatic) At full speed; very quickly.

at gunpoint
pod lufą karabinu
Under coercion by someone with a firearm.

at hand
pod ręką
Within easy reach; nearby.

at home
w domu
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see at,‎ home. In one's place of residence.
jak u siebie w domu
(idiomatic) At ease; comfortable.

at it /ˈat ɪt/ /ˈæt ɪt/ [ˈæɾɪt̚]
zajęty
Occupied with a given activity; busy with something. [from 17th c.]
Engaged in sexual intercourse or other sexual activity.

at large
na wolności
(idiomatic) On the loose; roaming freely; not confined.
w pełni
(obsolete) In full, fully.
generalnie na ogół w ogóle
In general; as a whole.

at last
nareszcie w końcu wreszcie
(idiomatic) After a long time; eventually.

at least
przynajmniej co najmniej bodaj chociaż
(focus) At a minimum or lower limit.
przynajmniej
In any event; anyway.

at length
długo
For a long time; extensively.

at most
co najwyżej
At the most; at a maximum or upper limit.

at night adv
nocą
During the night.

at odds /ət‿ˈɑdz/ /ət‿ˈɒdz/
na bakier w konflikcie w niezgodzie w sprzeczności
(idiomatic) In disagreement; conflicting.

at once /ət ˈwʌns/ adv
razem
(obsolete) In one group; together.
naraz
At the same time; simultaneously.
od razu natychmiast zaraz
Immediately; now; right away.

at one time
dawniej kiedyś
Formerly.

at one's fingertips
w małym palcu
(idiomatic) Readily available.

at one's own risk /ət wʌnz ˈəʊn ɹɪsk/
na własne ryzyko na własną rękę
Taking personal responsibility for any harm that arises from a dangerous activity.

at peace
w spokoju
(comparable, literally) Free of worries; peaceful.

at present
aktualnie obecnie
currently, now, at the moment, at this moment in time, at the present time

at sea
na morze
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see at,‎ sea.

at sign at signs n
małpa
The symbol @, most commonly used in e-mail addresses.

at sixes and sevens
skonfundowany
(idiomatic) In a state of confusion.
w niezgodzie
(idiomatic, of people or groups) In a state of dispute or disagreement.

at stake
na szali zagrożony
(idiomatic) At issue, at risk.

at that
przy tym
(idiomatic) In addition to what has been said; furthermore; moreover.

at that time
wówczas
Back then, at the time referred to in the past.

at the bottom of
za

at the cost of preposition
kosztem

at the drop of a hat
na zawołanie w każdej chwili w mgnieniu oka
(informal, idiom) Without any hesitation; instantly.

at the earliest
najwcześniej
not sooner than

at the end of one's tether
u kresu wytrzymałości
(UK) At the limit of one’s patience; frustrated or annoyed.

at the end of the day
koniec końców na koniec dnia ostatecznie w ostatecznym rozrachunku
(idiomatic) In summary; ultimately.

at the expense of
kosztem
(finance) Paid for by an individual or group.
(figurative) In a way as to harm somebody or something; to the detriment of.

at the feet of preposition
u stóp
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see at,‎ feet,‎ of. Situated near the feet of.

at the hands of preposition
z rąk
By the actions of (someone).

at the helm
u steru
(nautical, literally) Steering a vessel.
na czele
(idiomatic) In charge of a company or project.

at the last minute
w ostatniej chwili
(idiomatic) Very close to a deadline or potential crucial event.

at the latest
najpóźniej
not later than

at the mercy of
na łasce
(idiomatic) In the power of; defenceless/defenseless against.

at the moment
aktualnie w tej chwili w tym momencie
At this moment; right now.

at the ready
w gotowości
(idiomatic) Ready; in a state of preparation or waiting; in position or anticipation.

at the same time
jednocześnie w tym samym czasie
Simultaneously.
jednocześnie
On the other hand (introducing an opposing viewpoint).

at the sight of preposition
na widok

at the time
w tamtym czasie
Back then, at the time referred to the specific time period, era, or time frame in the past.

at the top of one's voice
na całe gardło na cały głos

at the very least adv
przynajmniej w najgorszym przypadku
(idiom) at least; as an absolute minimum; emphatic form of at the least.

at this moment in time
obecnie
currently, now, at present

at this rate
w tym tempie
If one continues at the current pace or with the current actions.

at times
chwilami czasami momentami niekiedy
(idiomatic) On occasion, sometimes.

at will
dowolnie według woli
(idiom) at one's preference; as one sees fit

at worst
w najgorszym przypadku
If the worst possible alternative happens.

at your service
do usług
(formal) Used as a polite introduction on first meeting another person.

atacamite atacamites n
atakamit

ataman /ˈætəmən/ atamans n
ataman atamanka
(historical) A title of Cossack and haidamak leaders of various kinds. The term was also used for the leader of a fisherman artel and of a band of robbers or thieves.

ataraxia ataraxias n
ataraksja
(literary, Greek, _, philosophy) Tranquility of mind; absence of mental disturbance.

atavism /ˈætəˌvɪzəm/ [ˈæɾəˌvɪzəm] atavisms n
atawizm
The reappearance of an ancestral characteristic in an organism after several generations of absence; a throwback.

atavistic /æt.əˈvɪs.tɪk/ more atavistic most atavistic adj
atawistyczny
(biology) Of the recurrence of a trait reappearing after an absence of one or more generations due to a chance recombination of genes.

atavistically more atavistically most atavistically adv
atawistycznie

ataxia /eɪˈtæksɪə/ /əˈtæksɪə/ ataxias n
ataksja
(chemistry) The condition of a polymer in which the orientation of the subunits is random

ataxic adj
ataktyczny
Pertaining to ataxia

atelectasis /ætɪˈlɛktəsɪs/ atelectases n
niedodma
(medicine) The collapse of a part of or the whole lung caused by inner factors rather than a pneumothorax.

atelier /-ˌljɛ/ /æ.təˈljeɪ/ /əˈtɛl.i.eɪ/ /əˈtɛl.jeɪ/ /əˈtɛlˌjeɪ/ /ˈæ.təˌljeɪ/ /ˌæ.təlˈjeɪ/ [ˌæ.ɾəl-] ateliers n
atelier pracownia studio

atemoya atemoyas n
atemoja
The tree that bears this fruit.

atemporal more atemporal most atemporal adj
aczasowy
Unaffected by time; timeless; permanent or unchanging.

atemporality n
aczasowość

atemporally adv
aczasowo

athanasy /əˈθænəsɪ/ n
atanazja

athanor /ˈæθənɔɹ/ /ˈæθənɔː/ athanors n
atanor
(historical) A furnace or stove designed and used to maintain uniform heat, primarily used by alchemists. [from late 15th c.]

atheism /ˈeɪθiɪzəm/ atheisms n
ateizm bezbożność
(broadly) A lack of belief in deities, or a belief that there is insufficient evidence to believe in a god.

atheist /ˈeɪθiɪst/ atheists n
ateista ateistka bezbożnik ateusz ateuszka bezbożnica
(broadly) A person who doubts the existence of deities (therefore, an agnostic may be considered an atheist).
(narrowly) A person who is certain that no deities exist or who thinks that the existence of deities can be disproven.

atheist /ˈeɪθiɪst/ v
ateizować zateizować

atheistic more atheistic most atheistic adj
ateistyczny ateuszowski
of or relating to atheists or atheism

atheistically more atheistically most atheistically adv
ateistycznie
In an atheistic manner.

atheization n
ateizacja

atheize v
ateizować zateizować
(transitive, rare) To render (someone) atheistic.
ateizować się zateizować się
(intransitive, rare) To become atheistic.

athematic /ˌæθiːˈmætɪk/ adj
atematyczny
(linguistics) Of a root, not having a thematic vowel and thus attaching inflections directly to the root.

athenaeum /aθɪˈniːəm/ athenaea athenaeums n
ateneum
An association for the advancement of learning, particularly in science or literature.
The reading room or library of such an association; (by extension) any reading room or library.
A literary or scientific periodical, especially one similar to the London Athenaeum.

atherosclerosis /ˌæθɚoʊskləˈɹoʊsəs/ atheroscleroses n
arterioskleroza miażdżyca
(pathology) The clogging or hardening of arteries or blood vessels caused by plaques (accumulations of fatty deposits, usually cholesterol).

athetosic more athetosic most athetosic adj
atetotyczny

athetosis athetoses n
atetoza
(symptom) A series of involuntary writhing movements of the limbs, typically bilateral and symmetric and predominantly affecting the distal parts of the limbs.

athlete /ˈæθ.lit/ /ˈæθ.liːt/ /ˈæθ.ə.liːt/ athletes n
atleta atletka lekkoatleta lekkoatletka
A participant in a group of sporting activities which includes track and field, road running, cross country running and racewalking.
atleta atletka sportowiec sportsmenka
(US, Canada) A person who actively participates in physical sports, especially with great skill; a sportsperson.
atleta atletyk
An exceptionally physically fit person.

athlete's foot n
grzybice skóry
(disease) A fungal infection of the skin of the foot, usually between the toes, caused by pathogen fungi, such as Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton interdigitale, syn. Trichophyton mentagrophytes, or Epidermophyton floccosum

athletic /æθˈlɛt.ɪk/ more athletic most athletic adj
atletyczny sportowy
(not comparable) Having to do with athletes.
Physically active.
atletyczny wysportowany
Having a muscular, well developed body, being in shape.

athletically more athletically most athletically adv
atletycznie
In an athletic manner.

athletics /æθˈlɛtɪks/ n
atletyka
(sports, especially Britain) A group of sporting activities including track and field, road running, cross country and racewalking.
lekkoatletyka atletyka
(sports, especially US) Physical activities such as sports and games requiring stamina, fitness and skill.

athrepsia n
atrepsja

athwart /əˈθwɔɹt/ /əˈθwɔːt/ more athwart most athwart adv
w poprzek
From side to side, often in an oblique manner; across or over.

athymia /əˈθaɪ.mi.ə/ athymias n
atymia
(medicine) The absence of emotion; morbid impassivity.

atlas /ˈætləs/ /ˈætlɪs/ atlantes atlases n
atlas
A bound collection of maps often including tables, illustrations or other text.
atlas dźwigacz
(anatomy) The uppermost vertebra of the cervical spine in the neck in humans and some other animals.
atlant atlas telamon
(architecture) A figure of a man used as a column.

atlatl /ˈatlat(ə)l/ atlatls n
atlatl
A spearthrower consisting of a wooden stick with a thong or perpendicularly protruding hook on the rear end that grips a grove or socket on the butt of its accompanying spear (or dart), intended to steady the spear immediately prior to throwing, to increase its potential range when thrown, and to increase its force of penetration of the target. [from 19th c.]

atman /ˈɑːtman/ atmans n
atman

atmolysis n
atmoliza

atmometer atmometers n
atmometr ewaporometr

atmosphere /ˈæt.məsˌfɪə(ɹ)/ /ˈætməsˌfɪɹ/ atmospheres n
atmosfera nastrój
The gases surrounding the Earth or any astronomical body.
atmosfera
The air in a particular place.
A unit of measurement for pressure equal to 101325 Pa (symbol: atm), approximately the atmospheric pressure at sea level.

atmosphereless adj
bez atmosfery

atmospheric /ˌætməsˈfɛɹɪk/ more atmospheric most atmospheric adj
atmosferyczny atmosferowy
Of, relating to, produced by, or coming from the atmosphere.
klimatyczny nastrojowy
Evoking a particular emotional or aesthetic quality.

atmospheric pressure atmospheric pressures n
ciśnienie atmosferyczne
(physics, meteorology) The pressure caused by the weight of the atmosphere above an area.

atmospherically more atmospherically most atmospherically adv
atmosferycznie

atoll /əˈtɑl/ /əˈtɒl/ /ˈeɪtɑl/ /ˈeɪtɔl/ /ˈætoʊl/ /ˈætɑl/ /ˈætɒl/ /ˈætɔl/ atolls n
atol
a type of island consisting of a ribbon reef that nearly or entirely surrounds a lagoon and supports, in most cases, one to many islets on the reef platform. Atolls have a unique geology, so not all islands with a reef and a lagoon are atolls.

atom /ˈætəm/ [ˈæɾm̩] [ˈæɾəm] atoms n
atom
(chemistry, physics) The smallest possible amount of matter which still retains its identity as a chemical element, now known to consist of a nucleus surrounded by electrons. [from 16th c.]
(history of science) A hypothetical particle posited by Greek philosophers as an ultimate and indivisible component of matter. [from 15th c.]

atomic /əˈtɑː.mɪk/ /əˈtɒm.ɪk/ /əˈtɔm.ɪk/ adj
atomowy
(physics, chemistry) Of or relating to atoms; composed of atoms; monatomic.
Employing or relating to nuclear energy or processes.

atomic bomb atomic bombs n
bomba atomowa
(countable, military) A nuclear weapon that obtains its destructive energy from nuclear fission.

atomic clock atomic clocks n
zegar atomowy
An extremely accurate reference clock whose operation is based on an atomic process, typically the frequency of electromagnetic radiation associated with a specified energy-level transition in an element such as cesium.

atomic nucleus atomic nuclei n
jądro atomu
(physics) A nucleus of an atom; consisting of protons and neutrons, surrounded by an electron cloud.

atomic number atomic numbers n
liczba atomowa
(physics, chemistry) The number of protons in an atom. Symbol: Z

atomic weight atomic weights n
masa atomowa
(physics) A term used to represent the mean relative atomic mass of an element in nature, as distinct from the relative atomic mass of a single isotope.

atomically adv
atomowo
With regard to atoms or atomic energy.

atomism atomisms n
atomizm atomistyka
(philosophy) The ancient Greek theory that all matter is composed of very small indestructible and indivisible particles.

atomist /ˈætəmɪst/ atomists n
atomista
An adherent of atomism; one who believes matter is composed of elementary indivisible particles.
An adherent of the atomic theory.

atomistic more atomistic most atomistic adj
atomistyczny
Of or pertaining to atoms or to atomism.

atomistically more atomistically most atomistically adv
atomistycznie
In an atomistic manner
With regard to atomism

atomistics n
atomistyka

atomization atomizations n
atomizacja
The act or an instance of atomizing.

atomize /ˈætəmaɪz/ v
atomizować zatomizować
(transitive) To separate or reduce into atoms.
(transitive) To make into a fine spray.
(transitive) To fragment; to break into small pieces or concepts.

atomizer atomizers n
atomizator atomizer opryskiwacz rozpylacz
An instrument for reducing a liquid to spray or vapor for disinfecting, cooling, medical use or perfume spraying.

atonal /eɪˈtoʊnəl/ /eɪˈtəʊnəl/ more atonal most atonal adj
atonalny
(music) Lacking a tonal center or key.

atonalism atonalisms n
atonalizm

atonalist atonalists n
atonalista atonalistka

atonality atonalities n
atonalność
(uncountable, music) A style of music that is written without a key.

atonally more atonally most atonally adv
atonalnie
In an atonal manner; without tone.

atone /əˈtoʊn/ /əˈtəʊn/ [əˈtʰoʊ̯n] v
odpokutować pokutować odpokutowywać zadośćuczynić
(ambitransitive) To make reparation, compensation, amends or satisfaction for an offence, crime, mistake or deficiency. [from 1680s]

atonement /əˈtoʊnmənt/ atonements n
pokuta
Making amends to restore a damaged relationship; expiation.

atonia atonias n
atonia

atonic /eɪˈtɒnɪk/ more atonic most atonic adj
atoniczny
(linguistics) not having tone (pitch)
(pathology) Lacking muscle tone.
(medicine) Characterized by atony, or want of vital energy.

atony /ˈæt.ə.ni/ atonies n
atonia

atopic /eɪˈtɒpɪk/ more atopic most atopic adj
atopowy
(medicine) Pertaining to or suffering from atopy.

atopy /ˈætəpi/ atopies n
atopia
(medicine) A hereditary disorder marked by the tendency to develop localized immediate hypersensitivity reactions to allergens such as pollen, food etc and is manifested by hay fever, asthma, or similar allergic conditions; generally considered to be caused by the interaction of environmental and genetic factors.
atopik
A person suffering from atopic syndrome; a case of atopy.

atresia atresias n
atrezja zarośnięcie

atrial /ˈeɪtɹi.əl/ adj
atrialny
Of or pertaining to an atrium, especially the atrium of the heart.

atrium /ˈeɪ.tɹi.əm/ atria atriums n
atrium
(architecture) A central room or space in ancient Roman homes, open to the sky in the middle; a similar space in other buildings.
(architecture) A square hall lit by daylight from above, into which rooms open at one or more levels.
(biology) Any enclosed body cavity or chamber.
atrium przedsionek
(palynology) A cavity inside a porate aperture of a pollen grain formed by the separation of the sexine and nexine layers, widening toward the interior of the grain.

atrocious /əˈtɹoʊʃəs/ /əˈtɹəʊʃəs/ more atrocious most atrocious adj
odrażający zbrodniczy
Frightful, evil, cruel, or monstrous.
ohydny okropny
Very bad; abominable, disgusting.

atrocity /əˈtɹɒsɪti/ atrocities n
okrucieństwo
(countable) An extremely cruel act; a horrid act of injustice.

atrophic adj
atroficzny
(medicine) Of, pertaining to, or arising from atrophy

atrophied more atrophied most atrophied adj
atroficzny
Characterized by atrophy.

atrophy /ˈæt.ɹə.fi/ atrophies n
atrofia
(pathology) A reduction in the functionality of an organ caused by disease, injury or lack of use. [from early 17th c.]

atropine /ˈa.tɹə.piːn/ /ˈa.tɹəp.ɪn/ /ˈæ.tɹəˌpin/ atropines n
atropina
(poison, pharmaceutical drug) An alkaloid extracted from the plant deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and other sources, such as the seeds of the thorn-apple. Though overdoses would be fatal it is used as a drug in medicine for its paralytic effects (e.g. in surgery to relax muscles, in dentistry to dry the mouth, in ophthalmology to dilate the pupils).

atropinic adj
atropinowy

attaboy /ˈætəˌbɔɪ/ interjection
zuch chłopak
(idiomatic, colloquial) Used to show encouragement or approval to a boy, man, or male animal.

attach /əˈtæt͡ʃ/ v
umocować przymocować przytwierdzić zamocować
(transitive) To fasten, to join to (literally and figuratively).

attachment /əˈtæt͡ʃmənt/ attachments n
przywiązanie
A dependence, especially a strong one.
załącznik
(computing) A file sent along with a message, usually an email.

attaché /əˈtæʃeɪ/ /ˌætæˈʃeɪ/ attachés n
attaché
A diplomatic officer, usually one who plays a specific role.

attack /əˈtæk/ attacks n
napad atak
An attempt to cause damage, injury to, or death of opponent or enemy.
atak
An attempt to detract from the worth or credibility of, a person, position, idea, object, or thing, by physical, verbal, emotional, or other assault.
(cricket) Collectively, the bowlers of a cricket side.
(volleyball) Any contact with the ball other than a serve or block which sends the ball across the plane of the net.
(lacrosse) The three attackmen on the field or all the attackmen of a team.
napad atak szturm ofensywa akcja
A time in which one attacks; the offence of a battle.
atak napad
(medicine) The sudden onset of a disease or condition.
An active episode of a chronic or recurrent disease.

attack /əˈtæk/ v
atakować zaatakować napadać napaść
(transitive) To apply violent force to someone or something.
(transitive) To begin to affect; to act upon injuriously or destructively; to begin to decompose or waste.
atakować zaatakować
(transitive, cricket) To aim balls at the batsman’s wicket.
(intransitive, cricket) To set a field, or bowl in a manner designed to get wickets.
(intransitive, cricket) To bat aggressively, so as to score runs quickly.
(soccer) To move forward in an active attempt to score a point, as opposed to trying not to concede.

attack aircraft attack aircraft n
szturmowiec
A tactical military aircraft designed to carry out precise airstrikes against ground or naval targets

attack helicopter attack helicopters n
helikopter szturmowy
(military) An armed helicopter with the offensive capability of engaging ground targets such as enemy infantry, military vehicles, and fortifications. [from 1950s]

attack is the best form of defence proverb
najlepszą obroną jest atak
In a battle or dispute, attacking the opposition first is better than waiting for them to attack.

attacker /əˈtækɚ/ attackers n
napastnik atakujący napadający
Someone who attacks.
napastnik
(soccer) One of the players on a team in football (soccer) in the row nearest to the opposing team's goal, who are therefore principally responsible for scoring goals.

attacking midfielder attacking midfielders n
ofensywny pomocnik
(soccer) A midfield player who specialises more in attacking duties.

attagirl /ˈætəˌɡɜː(ɹ)l/ interjection
zuch dziewczyna
(idiomatic, colloquial) Used to show encouragement or approval to a girl, woman or female animal.

attain /əˈteɪn/ v
osiągać osiągnąć
(transitive) To reach or come to, by progression or motion; to arrive at (a place, time, state, etc.).

attempt /əˈtɛmpt/ attempts n
próba podejście
The action of trying at something. [1530]
zamach
An assault or attack, especially an assassination attempt. [1580]

attempt /əˈtɛmpt/ v
próbować spróbować
(archaic) To attack; to make an effort or attack upon; to try to take by force.

attend /əˈtɛnd/ [əˈtʰɛnd] v
atentować brać udział uczęszczać
To be present with; to accompany; to be united or consequent to.

attendance /əˈtɛn.dəns/ attendances n
obecność
The act of attending; the state of being present; presence.
The frequency with which one has been present for a regular activity or set of events.

attendee attendees n
uczestnik
A person who is in attendance or in the audience of an event.

attention /əˈtɛn.ʃən/ interjection
baczność
(military) Used as a command to bring soldiers to the attention position.

attention /əˈtɛn.ʃən/ attentions n
uwaga
(uncountable) Mental focus.
atencja względy
(countable) An action or remark expressing concern for or interest in someone or something, especially romantic interest.
baczność
(uncountable, military) A state of alertness in the standing position.

attention deficit disorder attention deficit disorders n
zespół nadpobudliwości psychoruchowej

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder n
ADHD zaburzenia hiperkinetyczne zespół nadpobudliwości psychoruchowej z brakiem koncentracji uwagi zespół nadpobudliwości psychoruchowej z deficytem uwagi
(neurology, pathology, psychiatry, psychology) A developmental disorder in which a person has a persistent pattern of impulsiveness and inattention, with or without a component of hyperactivity.

attention-grabbing more attention-grabbing most attention-grabbing adj
przyciągający uwagę
Attracting notice and attention, or prone to doing so.

attentionless adj
nieuważny

attentive /əˈtɛntɪv/ more attentive most attentive adj
uważny baczny
Paying attention; noticing, watching, listening, or attending closely.

attentively more attentively most attentively adv
uważnie bacznie
In an attentive manner.

attenuation attenuations n
tłumienie
A gradual diminishing of strength.
(physics) A reduction in the level of some property with distance, especially the amplitude of a wave or the strength of a signal.
atenuacja
(biology) A weakening in the virulence of a pathogen or other microorganism.

attest /əˈtɛst/ v
atestować
(transitive) To certify in an official capacity.

attestation /ˌætɛˈsteɪʃən/ attestations n
atest certyfikat zaświadczenie świadectwo
A thing that serves to bear witness, confirm, or authenticate; validation, verification, documentation.

attested /əˈtɛstɪd/ more attested most attested adj
poświadczony zaświadczony
Proven; shown to be true with evidence.

attic /ˈætɪk/ [ˈæɾɪk] attics n
strych poddasze mansarda
The space, often unfinished and with sloped walls, directly below the roof in the uppermost part of a house or other building, generally used for storage or habitation.

attire /əˈtaɪɚ/ attires n
strój ubiór
(clothing) One's dress; what one wears; one's clothes.

attitude /ˈætɪˌtjuːd/ /ˈætɪˌtud/ /ˈɛːtɪtˌjuːd/ [ˈæɾɪˌtud] attitudes n
nastawienie postawa
The position of the body or way of carrying oneself.
nastawienie stosunek
(figurative) Disposition or state of mind.

atto- prefix
atto-
In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 10−18 (short scale quintillionth or long scale trillionth). Symbol: a

attorney /əˈtɜː(ɹ)ni/ attorneys attornies n
adwokat adwokatka prawnik
(US) A lawyer; one who advises or represents others in legal matters as a profession.

attorney general attorney generals attorneys general n
prokurator generalny
A major government officer throughout the English-speaking world, generally responsible for interpreting the law for the head of government and executive department and functioning as chief prosecutor, with the ability to bring civil and criminal actions directly.

attorney-in-fact attorneys-in-fact n
pełnomocnik plenipotent
(US, legal) An agent of the person giving him/her the power of attorney (for a specific purpose or for general purposes) to act on his or her behalf. The attorney-in-fact’s power and responsibilities depend on the specific powers granted in the power of attorney document.

attorneyship attorneyships n
adwokactwo adwokatura
The office or profession of an attorney.

attosecond attoseconds n
attosekunda
(metrology) An SI unit of time equal to 10−18 seconds. Symbol: as

attract /əˈtɹækt/ v
pociągać
(transitive) To draw by moral, emotional or sexual influence; to engage or fix, as the mind, attention, etc.; to invite or allure.

attractant /əˈtɹæktənt/ attractants n
atraktant

attraction /əˈtɹækʃən/ [əˈtɹækʃ(ɪ̈)n] [əˈt͡ʃɹækʃ(ɪ̈)n] attractions n
przyciąganie
The tendency to attract.
atrakcja przywiązanie
The feeling of being attracted.

attractive /əˈtɹæktɪv/ more attractive most attractive adj
pociągający przyciągający
Causing attraction; having the quality of attracting by inherent force.
atrakcyjny pociągający
Having the power of charming or alluring by agreeable qualities; enticing.
Pleasing or appealing to the senses, especially of a potential romantic partner.

attractively more attractively most attractively adv
atrakcyjnie
In an attractive manner; with the power of attracting or drawing to.

attractiveness attractivenesses n
atrakcyjność
(uncountable) The state of being attractive or engaging.

attractor attractors n
atraktor
(mathematics, physics) A set of points or states to which a dynamical system evolves after a long enough time. That is, points that get close enough to the attractor remain close even if slightly disturbed.

attribute /əˈtɹɪb.(j)ət/ /əˈtɹɪb.juːt/ /əˈtɹɪbˌjut/ /ˈæt.ɹɪ.bjuːt/ /ˈæt.ɹɪˌbjut/ attributes n
atrybut własność właściwość
A characteristic or quality of a thing.
atrybut
(grammar) A word that qualifies a noun.
(computing, object-oriented programming) An option or setting belonging to some object.

attribute /əˈtɹɪb.(j)ət/ /əˈtɹɪb.juːt/ /əˈtɹɪbˌjut/ /ˈæt.ɹɪ.bjuːt/ /ˈæt.ɹɪˌbjut/ v
przypisać
To associate ownership or authorship of (something) to someone.

attribution /ˌæ.tɹɪˈbju.ʃən/ attributions n
atrybucja
The act of attributing something.
An explicit or formal acknowledgment of ownership or authorship.

attributional more attributional most attributional adj
atrybucyjny

attributive /ə.ˈtɹɪ.bju.tɪv/ more attributive most attributive adj
atrybutywny określający
Attributing; characterized by attributing; effecting attribution.

attributive /ə.ˈtɹɪ.bju.tɪv/ attributives n
przydawka
(grammar) An attributive word or phrase (see above), contrasted with predicative or substantive.

attrition /əˈtɹɪʃən/ attritions n
zmniejszenie
(human resources) A gradual, natural reduction in membership or personnel, as through injury, incapacitation, retirement, resignation, or death.

atypical /eɪ.ˈtɪp.ɪ.kəl/ more atypical most atypical adj
nietypowy
Not conforming to the normal type.

au contraire /oʊ ˌkoʊnˈtɹɛ(ə)ɹ/ /əʊ ˈkɒntɹɛː(ɹ)/ adv
przeciwnie
(usually, humorous, emphatic) on the contrary

au pair /əʊ ˈpɛə/ au pairs n
au pair
A single girl (or, rarely, a boy), usually a foreigner, who helps a host family with childcare, housework, or both while staying as a guest with a host family, and generally receives a small allowance (or pocket money).

auberge auberges n
oberża
An inn or hostel.

aubergine /ˈoʊbɚʒin/ /ˈəʊbəʒiːn/ aubergines n
bakłażanowy ciemnofioletowy
(color) A dark purple colour; eggplant.

auction /ˈoːkʃən/ /ˈɑkʃən/ /ˈɔkʃən/ /ˈɔːkʃən/ auctions n
aukcja licytacja
A public event where goods or property are sold to the highest bidder.

auction /ˈoːkʃən/ /ˈɑkʃən/ /ˈɔkʃən/ /ˈɔːkʃən/ v
aukcjonować
To sell at an auction.

auction house auction houses n
dom aukcyjny
A company that runs auctions.

auctionary adj
aukcyjny licytacyjny

auctioneer auctioneers n
aukcjoner
A person who conducts an auction on behalf of a vendor, taking bids to find the best price for the vendor.

auctioneer v
aukcjonować
(transitive) To sell at an auction; to auction.

aucuba aucubas n
aukuba
Any of several decorative evergreen shrubs of the genus Aucuba.

audacity /ɔˈdæsɪti/ /ɔːˈdæsɪti/ audacities n
śmiałość
Insolent boldness, especially when imprudent or unconventional.

audial adj
audialny audytywny słuchowy

audible /ˈɔːdɪbəl/ more audible most audible adj
słyszalny
Able to be heard.

audibly more audibly most audibly adv
słyszalnie
In context of possibility of being heard; in an audible manner.

audience /ˈɑdiəns/ /ˈɔdiəns/ /ˈɔːdiəns/ /ˈɔːdɪəns/ audiences n
publika widownia audytorium
A group of people within hearing; specifically, a large gathering of people listening to or watching a performance, speech, etc. [from 15th c.]
audiencja
A formal meeting with a state or religious dignitary. [from 16th c.]

audience hall audience halls n
aula
A room in which a ruler or religious official holds audience (i.e. a formal meeting with a dignitary).

audile /ˈɔːdaɪl/ audiles n
słuchowiec
A person whose mental imagery consists of sounds.

audio /ˈɑ.di.oʊ/ /ˈɔ.di.oʊ/ /ˈɔː.di.əʊ/ more audio most audio adj
audio
Focused on audible sound, as opposed to sight.

audio description audio descriptions n
audiodeskrypcja

audio- prefix
audio-
sound

audiobook audiobooks n
audiobook książka mówiona
A recording, usually made available for sale, of a reading of the full text or of an abridgement of a book.

audiogram audiograms n
audiogram
A graphical representation of the hearing ability of a person

audiograph audiographs n
audiograf

audiologic adj
audiologiczny

audiologist audiologists n
audiolog
A healthcare professional who diagnoses, treats and/or manages hearing and balance disorders.

audiology /ɔːdiˈɒləd͡ʒi/ audiologies n
audiologia
An allied health profession pertaining to the assessment and rehabilitation of hearing and balance disorders.

audiometer audiometers n
audiometr
An instrument which is used to determine the acuity of hearing.

audiometric adj
audiometryczny
Of or pertaining to audiometry

audiometry audiometries n
audiometria
(medicine) The quantitative assessment of a person's hearing ability, especially by means of an audiometer.

audion audions n
audion

audiophile /ˌɔː.di.əʊˈfaɪl/ audiophiles n
audiofil

audiophilia n
audiofilia

audiotape audiotapes n
taśma magnetofonowa
A magnetic tape that stores analog sound for later playback on a tape player.

audiovisual /-ʒʊ.əl/ /ˌɑ.di.oʊˈvɪ.ʒu.əl/ /ˌɔ.di.oʊˈvɪ.ʒu.əl/ /ˌɔː.di.əʊˈvɪ.zjʊ.əl/ adj
audiowizualny słuchowo-wzrokowy
Containing both aural and visual elements.

audiovisuality audiovisualities n
audiowizualność

audiovisually adv
audiowizualnie
In an audiovisual way; through sound and image.

audit /ˈɑ.dɪt/ /ˈɔ.dɪt/ /ˈɔː.dɪt/ audits n
audyt
A judicial examination.
An independent review and examination of records and activities to assess the adequacy of system controls, to ensure compliance with established policies and operational procedures, and to recommend necessary changes in controls, policies, or procedures

audition /ɑˈdɪʃən/ /ɔˈdɪʃən/ /ɔːˈdɪʃən/ auditions n
przesłuchanie
(countable) A performance, by an aspiring performer, to demonstrate suitability or talent.
słuch
An act of hearing; being heard.

auditor /ˈɔːdɪtɚ/ auditors auditress n
audytor
One who audits bookkeeping accounts.
In many jurisdictions, an elected or appointed public official in charge of the public accounts; a comptroller.
audytor audytorka
One who audits an academic course; who attends the lectures but does not earn academic credit.
(rare) One who listens, typically as a member of an audience.

auditorium /ɔː.dɪˈtɔː.ɹi.əm/ /ˌɔ.dəˈtɔɹ.i.əm/ auditoria auditoriums n
audytorium
a large room for public meetings or performances
audytorium widownia
(in a theater, etc.) the space where the audience is located

auditory /ˈɑː.dɪˌtɔɹ.i/ /ˈɔː.dɪ.tə.ɹi/ /ˈɔː.dɪ.tɹi/ /ˈɔː.dɪˌtɔɹ.i/ adj
audialny audytywny słuchowy

augend /ˈɔd͡ʒɛnd/ augends n
dodajna
(arithmetic) A quantity to which another is added.

auger /ˈɑ.ɡɚ/ /ˈɔ.ɡɚ/ /ˈɔː.ɡə(ɹ)/ augers n
świder
A carpenter's tool for boring holes longer than those bored by a gimlet.

augite augites n
augit
(mineral) A variety of pyroxene, usually of a black or dark green color, occurring in igneous rocks, such as basalt.

augitic more augitic most augitic adj
augitowy

augment /ɑɡˈmɛnt/ /ɔːɡˈmɛnt/ /ˈɑɡmənt/ /ˈɔːɡmənt/ augments n
augment
(Indo-European languages) In some languages, a prefix *é- (अ- in Sanskrit, ἐ- in Greek) indicating a past tense of a verb.

augmentation augmentations n
augmentacja powiększenie
The act or process of augmenting.
(heraldry) A particular mark of honour, granted by the sovereign in consideration of some noble action, or by favour; and either quartered with the family arms, or on an escutcheon or canton.
augmentacja
(music) A compositional technique where the composer lengthens the melody by lengthening its note values.

augmentative adj
powiększający
that which augments; augmentary

augmentative augmentatives n
augmentativum augmentatiwum zgrubienie augmentatyw
(grammar) A form of word that expresses large size, intensity, or seniority

augmented fourth augmented fourths n
kwarta zwiększona

augmented reality augmented realities n
rzeczywistość rozszerzona
(computing) The merging of a view of the real-world environment upon a digital image in real time.

augur /ˈɑ.ɡɚ/ /ˈɔ.ɡɚ/ /ˈɔː.ɡə/ augurs n
augur wróżbita wróżbitka
A diviner who foretells events by the behaviour of birds or other animals, or by signs derived from celestial phenomena, or unusual occurrences.
augur
(Ancient Rome) An official who interpreted omens before the start of public events.

augur /ˈɑ.ɡɚ/ /ˈɔ.ɡɚ/ /ˈɔː.ɡə/ v
przepowiadać wróżyć zapowiadać
To foretell events; to exhibit signs of future events; to indicate a favorable or an unfavorable outcome.

auk /ɔːk/ auks n
alka
Any of several species of Arctic sea birds of the family Alcidae.

aul /aʊl/ auls n
auł
A village encampment in the Caucasus, Central Asia or the Southern Urals.

aulacogen aulacogens n
aulakogen

auld lang syne /-ˈzaɪn/ /ˌoʊl(d)-/ /ˌɑl(d)-/ /ˌɔl(d) læŋ ˈsaɪn/ /ˌɔld ˌlæŋ ˈsaɪn/ /ˌɔːld læŋ ˈsaɪn/ n
minione czasy
(idiomatic) Days gone by; former times.

aulos auloi n
aulos

aunt /ant/ /eɪnt/ /ænt/ /ɑːnt/ /ɔnt/ /ʌnt/ [ant] [aːnt] [eənt] [änt] [äːnt] [ænt] [ɐːnt] [ɑːnt] [ɒːnt] [ɛənt] aunts n
ciotka ciocia stryjenka wujenka
The sister or sister-in-law of one’s parent.

auntie /ˈæn.ti/ /ˈɐn.ti/ /ˈɑːn.ti/ aunties n
ciocia
(Asia, Africa) Term of familiarity or respect for a middle-aged or elderly woman.

auntless adj
bez cioci

aura /ˈɔɹ.ə/ /ˈɔː.ɹə/ aurae auras auræ n
aura atmosfera klimat nastrój
Distinctive atmosphere or quality associated with something.
aura pole biologiczne
(parapsychology) An invisible force surrounding a living creature.
aura
(medicine) Telltale sensation experienced by some people with epilepsy before a seizure.

aural /aʊɹəl/ /ˈɑ(ː)ɹəl/ /ˈɑɹəl/ /ˈɔɹəl/ /ˈɔːɹəl/ more aural most aural adj
uszny
Of or pertaining to the ear.
audialny audytywny słuchowy
Of or pertaining to sound.

auraless adj
bez aury

auramine /ˈɔːɹəmiːn/ auramines n
auramina

aureola /ɑˈɹiː.ə.lə/ /ɔˈɹiː.ə.lə/ /ɔːˈɹiː.ə.lə/ aureolae aureolas n
aureola
Radiance of luminous cloud that surrounds the figure in a painting of a sacred personage.

aureole /ˈɔɹ.i.oʊl/ /ˈɔː.ɹiː.əʊl/ aureoles n
aureola
A circle of light or halo around the head of a deity or a saint.

aureomycin n
aureomycyna
(medicine) The drug chlortetracycline, obtained from Streptomyces aureofaciens bacteria.

aureus /ˈɔːɹɪəs/ aurei aureuses n
aureus

auricle /ˈɔɹ.ək.əl/ /ˈɔː.ɹɪk.əl/ auricles n
uszko
(anatomy) An anterior ear-shaped appendage of the left or right atrium of the human heart.

auricular /ɔˈɹɪk.jəl.ɚ/ /ɔːˈɹɪk.jʊl.ə/ adj
audialny audytywny słuchowy
(anatomy, relational) Of or pertaining to the sense of hearing.
audialny audytywny słuchowy uszny
(art, relational) Pertaining to a style of ornamental decoration, originating in Northern Europe in the first half of the 17th century, that uses softly flowing abstract shapes in relief some of which bear a resemblance to the human ear; commonly used in silverware, picture frames, and architecture.

auriculotherapy n
aurikuloterapia

auriferous /ɔːˈɹɪfəɹəs/ more auriferous most auriferous adj
złotodajny złotonośny
Containing or producing gold; gold-bearing.

aurochs /ˈaʊɹɒks/ /ˈɔːɹɒks/ aurochs aurochsen aurochses n
tur tur leśny
An extinct European mammal, Bos primigenius, the ancestor of domestic cattle.

aurora /ɔˈɹɔɹ.ə/ /ɔːˈɹɔː.ɹə/ /əˈɹɔɹ.ə/ /əˈɹɔː.ɹə/ aurorae auroras n
zorza polarna aurora zorza poranna
An atmospheric phenomenon created by charged particles from the sun striking the upper atmosphere, creating coloured lights in the sky. It is usually named australis or borealis based on whether it is in the Southern or Northern Hemisphere respectively.

auscultate v
auskultować wyauskultować
To listen (for example to the heart or lungs) by auscultation; to examine by auscultation.

auscultation /ˌɔskəlˈteɪʃən/ /ˌɔːskəlˈteɪʃən/ auscultations n
auskultacja
(medicine) Diagnosis of disorders by listening to the sounds of the internal organs, usually using a stethoscope.

auscultator auscultators n
auskultator
Someone who performs auscultation.

austenite /ˈɑstɪnaɪt/ /ˈɒstɪnaɪt/ /ˈɔstɪnaɪt/ austenites n
austenit

austenitization austenitizations n
austenityzowanie

austerity /ɔˈstɛɹɪti/ austerities n
niedostatek prostota
surowość
Severity of manners or life; extreme rigor or strictness; harsh discipline.

austral /ˈɒstɹəl/ /ˈɔːstɹəl/ more austral most austral adj
południowy
Of, relating to, or coming from the south.

australopith /ˈɒstɹələˌpɪθ/ australopiths n
australopitek
(anthropology, paleontology) Any of the hominids of the extinct genus Australopithecus.

autarch autarchs n
autarcha autokrata jednowładca jedynowładca samowładca

autarchy /-tɑː-/ /ˈɔˌtɑɹki/ /ˈɔːtəki/ autarchies n
autarchia autokracja autokratyzm jednowładztwo jedynowładztwo samowładztwo
A condition of absolute power.

autarkic /ɔːˈtɑːkɪk/ more autarkic most autarkic adj
autarkiczny
Pertaining to an autarky; self-sufficient.

autarky /-tɑː-/ /ˈɔˌtɑɹki/ /ˈɔːtəki/ autarkies n
autarkia
(uncountable) A personal condition or state of self-reliance; independence. [from late 16th c.]
autarkia autarchia autarkizm
(uncountable) (A policy of) national economic self-sufficiency, aimed at ending reliance on foreign imports to sustain a domestic economy.

autecology autecologies n
autekologia
one of two broad subdivisions of ecology, which studies the individual organism or species.

authentic /ɑ.ˈθɛn.tɪk/ /ɒ.ˈθɛn.tɪk/ /ɔ.ˈθɛn.tɪk/ more authentic most authentic adj
autentyczny
Of the same origin as claimed; genuine.
autentyczny autentyk
Conforming to reality and therefore worthy of trust, reliance, or belief.

authentically more authentically most authentically adv
autentycznie
In an authentic manner; genuinely

authentication authentications n
uwierzytelnianie
(computing) proof of the identity of a user logging on to some network

authenticity /ɑθənˈtɪsɪti/ /ɑθɛnˈtɪsɪti/ [ɑθənˈtɪsɪɾi] [ɑθɛnˈtɪsɪɾi] authenticities n
autentyczność prawdziwość autentyka autentyzm
The quality of being genuine or not corrupted from the original, of having the same origin (or attribution, commitment, intention, etc.) as claimed.

author /ˈɑ.θɚ/ /ˈɒː.təɹ/ /ˈɔ.θɚ/ /ˈɔː.θə/ authors n
autor autorka
The originator or creator of a work, especially of a literary composition.

authoress /ˈɔ.θɚ.ɹɛs/ /ˈɔː.θə.ɹɛs/ authoresses n
autorka pisarka
(dated) A female author.

authorial more authorial most authorial adj
autorczy autorski

authorially adv
autorsko

authoritarian /ɔˌθɔɹ.əˈtɛɹ.i.ən/ /ɔːˌθɒɹ.ɪˈtɛə̯.ɹɪən/ /əˌθɔɹ.əˈtɛɹ.i.ən/ more authoritarian most authoritarian adj
autorytarny autorytatywny
Of, or relating to, or exhibiting strict obedience to an authority; favoring authoritarianism over civic and individual liberties.
autorytatywny despotyczny
Demanding obedience to authority; marked by authoritarianism; dictatorial, tyrannical.
autorytarny
Tending to impose one's demands upon others as if one were an authority.

authoritarianism authoritarianisms n
autorytaryzm
A form of government in which the governing body has absolute, or almost absolute, control. Typically this control is maintained by force, and little heed is paid to public opinion or the judicial system.

authoritarianly more authoritarianly most authoritarianly adv
autorytarnie

authoritative /ɔ-/ /ɔːˈθɒɹɪtətɪv/ /ɔːˈθɒɹɪtɪv/ /ɔːˈθɒɹɪˌteɪtɪv/ /əˈθɑɹɪtətɪv/ /əˈθɑɹɪtɪv/ /əˈθɑɹɪˌteɪtɪv/ /əˈθɔɹɪtətɪv/ /əˈθɔɹɪtɪv/ /əˈθɔɹɪˌteɪtɪv/ more authoritative most authoritative adj
autorytatywny
Arising or originating from a figure of authority
Having a commanding style.
miarodajny
Highly accurate or definitive; treated or worthy of treatment as a scholarly authority

authoritatively /ɔˈθɔɹəˌteɪtɪvli/ /ɔːˈθɒɹɪtətɪvli/ more authoritatively most authoritatively adv
autorytatywnie
In an authoritative manner, being worthy of trust.

authoritativeness n
autorytatywność
The quality of possessing authority.
The quality of trustworthiness and reliability.

authority /ɒːˈtɒɹɪti/ /ɔːˈθɒɹəti/ /ɔːˈθɒɹɪti/ /əˈθɑɹəti/ /əˈθɔɹəti/ authorities n
autorytet władza powaga
(uncountable) Power or right to make or enforce rules or give orders; or a position having such power or right.
autorytet arbiter powaga
(countable) A reliable, definitive source of information on a subject.

authority figure authority figures n
autorytet

authorityless adj
bez autorytetu

authorization authorizations n
autoryzacja upoważnienie
(countable) An act of authorizing.
umocowanie upoważnienie zezwolenie
(uncountable) The state of being authorized to do something or to be somewhere; formally granted permission.

authorless adj
bezautorski

authorship authorships n
autorstwo
The quality or state of being an author; the function or dignity of an author.

autism /ˈɑtɪzəm/ /ˈɔːtɪzəm/ autisms n
autyzm
(clinical psychology) A pervasive neurological condition that is observable in early childhood and persists throughout the lifespan, characterised by atypical communication, language development, eye contact, and sensory experiences.
(clinical psychology, obsolete) A diagnosis involving a pathological tendency to engage in self-centered fantasy thinking, historically considered a symptom of insanity and/or schizophrenia.

autist /ˈɔː.tɪst/ autists n
autyczka autyk autysta autystka autystyk
An autistic person, a person with autism.

autistic /ɔːˈtɪs.tɪk/ more autistic most autistic adj
autystyczny autyczny
Having autism, or pertaining to autism.

autistically more autistically most autistically adv
autycznie autystycznie
In an autistic way.

auto body auto bodies n
blacharka karoseria nadwozie
The outer shell of a car, as opposed to the chassis.

auto mechanic /ˈɔtoʊ məˈkænɪk/ auto mechanics n
mechanik
(US) A person skilled in repairing and maintaining automobiles and other motor vehicles.

auto racing n
automobilizm sport samochodowy
(motor racing) Any of various sports in which automobiles (motor cars) are raced, either around a track, on roads or across country

auto- /ˈɔː.təʊ/ prefix
auto- samo-
Reflexive, regarding or to oneself
automatic
relating to cars or the driving of cars

autoaggression n
autoagresja autoimmunizacja

autoaggressive adj
autoagresyjny

autoalarm autoalarms n
autoalarm

autoanalysis autoanalyses n
autoanaliza samoanaliza
(psychology) analysis of oneself

autobiographer autobiographers n
autobiograf autobiografka
One who writes his or her own life or biography.

autobiographical /ˌɑtoʊˌbaɪəˈɡɹæfəkəl/ /ˌɔː.təˌbaɪ.əˈɡɹæf.ɪk.əl/ more autobiographical most autobiographical adj
autobiograficzny
Of or relating to a person's life or an account of a person's life, as told by the subject.

autobiographicalize v
autobiografizować

autobiographically /ˈɔː.təʊˌbaɪ.ə.ɡɹæf.ɪk.(ə)li/ more autobiographically most autobiographically adv
autobiograficznie
In an autobiographical manner.

autobiographicalness n
autobiograficzność

autobiographism n
autobiografizm
The tendency of writers to base their writings on their own lives.

autobiography /ˌɔː.tə.baɪˈɒɡ.ɹə.fi/ autobiographies n
autobiografia
(countable) A self-written biography; the story of one's own life.

autoblock autoblocks n
bloker
(climbing) A technique used in rappelling and ascending, with a friction hitch around the climbing rope.

autobracketing n
autobracketing

autobus /ˈɑtoʊˌbʌs/ /ˈɔtoʊˌbʌs/ /ˈɔːtə(ʊ)bʌs/ [ˈɑɾə-] [ˈɔɾə-] autobuses autobusses n
autobus
(road transport, dated) A bus that is a motor vehicle, as opposed to earlier horse-drawn buses.

autocamp autocamps n
autobiwak

autocatalysis n
autokataliza
(chemistry) catalysis of a reaction by one of its products

autocatalytic adj
autokatalityczny
(chemistry, of a reaction) catalyzed by one of its own products

autocephalous /ɔːtə(ʊ)ˈsɛfələs/ more autocephalous most autocephalous adj
autokefaliczny
(Christianity, of a church) Fully independent of the authority of any other church.

autocephaly /ˌɔːtəˈsɛfəli/ autocephalies n
autokefalia
(Christianity) The condition where a church's leaders have severed ties to a larger body and thus no longer report to a higher authority.

autochory n
autochoria samosiewność
(ecology) Self-dispersal of seeds, the physical and often explosive discharge of seeds from the fruit.

autochthon /ɑˈtɑkˌθɑn/ /ɑˈtɑkθ(ə)n/ /ɔˈtɑkˌθɑn/ /ɔˈtɑkθ(ə)n/ /ɔːˈtɒkθ(ə)n/ /ɔːˈtɒkθɒn/ autochthones autochthons n
autochton autochtonka
The earliest inhabitant of an area; an aborigine.
autochton
(geology) A large mass of rock in the place of its original formation, rooted to its basement (foundation rock) as opposed to an allochthon or nappe which has shifted from the place of formation; an autochthonous rock formation.

autochthonism n
autochtonizm

autochthonous /ɑˈtɑkθənəs/ /ɔˈtɑkθənəs/ /ɔːˈtɒkθənəs/ adj
autochtoniczny autochtoński
Native to the place where found; indigenous.
autochtoniczny
(biology, medicine) Originating where found; found where it originates.

autochthonously more autochthonously most autochthonously adv
autochtonicznie rdzennie

autoclave /ˈɔtəˌkleɪv/ autoclaves n
autoklaw
A strong, pressurized, heated vessel, as for laboratory experiments, sterilization, cooking or mineral processing.

autocorrect autocorrects n
autokorekta

autocracy /ɔːˈtɒkɹəsi/ autocracies n
autokracja autokratyzm autarchia jednowładztwo jedynowładztwo samowładztwo
(uncountable) A form of government in which unlimited power is held by a single individual.

autocrat /ˈɔːtəkɹæt/ autocrats n
autokrata autokratka samowładca samowładczyni
An absolute ruler with infinite power.

autocratic more autocratic most autocratic adj
autokratyczny absolutystyczny jedynowładczy
Of or pertaining to autocracy or to an autocrat; absolute; holding independent and arbitrary powers of government.
absolutystyczny autokratyczny jedynowładczy
(pejorative) Of or pertaining to the manner of an autocrat.

autocratically /ˈɔːt.əˌkɹæt.ɪk(.ə)liː/ more autocratically most autocratically adv
autokratycznie
In an autocratic manner.

autocycle autocycles n
autocykl
A vehicle somewhat like a moped, having a small motor where the pedals would be, and a petrol tank located within the frame.

autodidact /ˌɔːtoʊˈdaɪdækt/ autodidacts n
autodydakta samouk
A self-taught person.

autodidactically adv
autodydaktycznie

autodidacticism n
autodydaktyka autodydaktyzm
self-education; self-directed learning

autodrome autodromes n
autodrom
A circuit used for motor sports events, but not for high-speed racing

autodyne autodynes n
autodyna

autoerotic /ˈɔːtəʊ.ɘɹɒt.ɪk/ more autoerotic most autoerotic adj
autoerotyczny
Of or pertaining to sexual satisfaction obtained without a partner; masturbatory

autoerotically adv
autoerotycznie

autoeroticism autoeroticisms n
autoerotyzm
The practise of stimulating oneself sexually, masturbation

autofellatio n
autofellatio
Oral stimulation of one's own penis.

autofocus n
autofocus autofokus
(electronics, photography) A feature of some cameras and other optical systems that allows a correct focus on the subject to be obtained automatically

autogamic adj
autogamiczny

autogamically adv
autogamicznie
In an autogamic manner.

autogamy autogamies n
autogamia samopylność samozapłodnienie
Self-fertilization, the fertilizing pollen being derived from the same blossom as the pistil acted upon.

autogenous /ɔːˈtɒd͡ʒɪnəs/ adj
samorodny
Produced independently of an external cause or influence.

autogiro autogiros n
autożyro wiatrakowiec
(aircraft) An aircraft in which lift is provided by unpowered rotating wings and thrust is provided by a conventional propeller.

autognosis /ˌɔːtəɡˈnəʊsɪs/ autognoses n
autognozja

autograph /ˈɔːtəɡrɑːf/ autographs n
autograf
A person’s own handwriting, especially the signature of a famous or admired person.
(by extension, colloquial) A person's signature used as a mark of formal approval.
autograf manuskrypt rękopis
A manuscript in the author’s handwriting.

autographical adj
autograficzny
Relating to an autograph, or one's own handwriting.

autography autographies n
autografia
A process in lithography by which a writing or drawing is transferred from paper to stone.

autohemotherapy n
autohemoterapia
(medicine) The intramuscular or subcutaneous, immediate hypodermic reinjection of blood previously removed from the patient.

autohypnosis autohypnoses n
autohipnoza
Hypnosis of oneself.

autoignition temperature autoignition temperatures n
temperatura samozapłonu
The lowest temperature at which combustion will occur spontaneously under specific conditions.

autoimmunization autoimmunizations n
autoagresja autoimmunizacja

autoinducible adj
zdolny do autoindukcji

autoinduction n
autoindukcja

autoinfection autoinfections n
autoinfekcja

autoinjector autoinjectors n
ampułkostrzykawka
A medical device designed to deliver a single dose of a particular, typically life-saving, drug.

autointoxication n
autointoksykacja samozatrucie

autoionization autoionizations n
autojonizacja

autolithography n
autolitografia

autological /ˌɑːtoʊˈlɑːd͡ʒɪkəl/ /ˌɑːtəˈlɑːd͡ʒɪkəl/ /ˌɔː.təʊˈlɒ.dʒɪ.kəl/ /ˌɔː.təˈlɒ.dʒɪ.kəl/ adj
autologiczny
(grammar, of a word, phrase, or especially an adjective) Possessing the property it describes.

autolysis /əˈtɑ.ləˌsɪs/ n
autoliza
(pathology, cytology) The destruction of an organism's cells by enzymes produced by the organism itself.

autolytic /ˌɔːtəˈlɪtɪk/ adj
autolityczny

autolyze v
autolizować

automagical /ˈɑtoʊˈmæd͡ʒɪkəl/ more automagical most automagical adj
automagiczny
(computing, technology, informal) Automatic, but with an apparent element of magic. Commonly referring to complex technical processes hidden from the view of users or operators, resulting in technology that "just works".

automagically more automagically most automagically adv
automagicznie
In an automagical manner; happening seemingly without effort.

automania n
automania

automaniac automaniacs n
automaniaczka automaniak
An enthusiast of automobiles and motoring.

automassage n
automasaż
The practice of massaging oneself.

automate /ˈoː.tə.mæɪt/ /ˈɑ.toʊˌmeɪt/ /ˈɑ.təˌmeɪt/ /ˈɔ.toʊˌmeɪt/ /ˈɔː.tə.meɪt/ [ˈoː.ɾə.mæɪt] [ˈɑ.ɾoʊˌmeɪt] [ˈɑ.ɾəˌmeɪt] [ˈɔ.ɾoʊˌmeɪt] [ˈɔ.ɾəˌmeɪt] v
automatyzować zautomatyzować
(ambitransitive) To replace or enhance human labor with machines.

automated /ˈɑ.toʊˌmeɪ.tɪd/ /ˈɑ.təmeɪtɪd/ /ˈɔ.toʊˌmeɪ.tɪd/ /ˈɔ.təmeɪtɪd/ /ˈɔːtəmeɪtɪd/ [ˈɑ.ɾoʊˌmeɪ.ɾɪd] [ˈɑ.ɾəˌmeɪ.ɾɪd] [ˈɔ.ɾoʊˌmeɪ.ɾɪd] [ˈɔ.ɾəˌmeɪ.ɾɪd] adj
automatyzowany
Made automatic.

automated teller machine /ˈɔːtəmeɪtɪd ˈtɛlə(ɹ) məˈʃiːn/ automated teller machines n
bankomat
(banking) A device that provides bank customers with cash withdrawal and other services without the need for a human teller.

automatic /ˌɑː.təˈmæt.ɪk/ /ˌɔː.təˈmæt.ɪk/ [ˌɑː.ɾəˈmæɾ.ɪk] [ˌɔː.ɾəˈmæɾ.ɪk] more automatic most automatic adj
automatyczny samoczynny
Capable of operating without external control or intervention.
automatyczny odruchowy
Done out of habit or without conscious thought.
automatyczny
(of a firearm such as a machine gun) Firing continuously as long as the trigger is pressed until ammunition is exhausted.

automatic differentiation n
automatyczny różniczkowanie

automatic transmission automatic transmissions n
automat
(automotive) A vehicle transmission which shifts gears automatically in response to vehicle speed and/or load, and does not require any driver input to manually change gears under normal driving conditions; an automatic gearbox.

automatically /ˈɔːtəʊˌmæt.ɪk(.ə)li/ /ˈɔːtəˌmætɪk(.ə)li/ /ˌɑː.təˈmæt.ɪk(.ə)li/ /ˌɔː.təˈmæt.ɪk(.ə)li/ [ˌɑː.ɾəˈmæɾ.ɪk(.ə)li] [ˌɔː.ɾəˈmæɾ.ɪk(.ə)li] more automatically most automatically adv
automatycznie automatem z automatu
In an automatic manner.

automaticity automaticities n
automatyczność
The ability to do things without occupying the mind with the low level details required.

automation /ˌɔːtəˈmeɪʃən/ automations n
automatyzacja
The act or process of converting the controlling of a machine or device to a more automatic system, such as computer or electronic controls.

automatism /ɔːˈtɒmətɪzəm/ automatisms n
automatyzm
The doctrine that animals are automata, operating according to mechanical laws.
(psychology) An action performed subconsciously, without any apparent direction from the mind; a thought which appears spontaneously in one's consciousness.

automaton /ɔːˈtɒmətən/ /ɔːˈtɒməˌtɒn/ /əˈtɑməˌtɑn/ automata automatons n
automat
A person who acts like a machine or robot, often defined as having a monotonous lifestyle and lacking in emotion.

automobile /ˈɑː.tə.məˈbil/ /ˈɑː.tə.məˌbil/ /ˈɑː.təˈmoʊ.bil/ /ˈɔː.tə.məˌbil/ /ˈɔː.tə.məˌbiːl/ /ˌɔː.tə.məˈbil/ /ˌɔː.təˈmoʊ.bil/ automobiles n
samochód auto automobil
(US, Canada) A type of vehicle designed to move on the ground under its own stored power and intended to carry a driver, a small number of additional passengers, and a very limited amount of other load. A car or motorcar.

automorphic number automorphic numbers n
liczba automorficzna
(mathematics) A number whose decimal representation of its square ends in itself.

automotive adj
motoryzacyjny
Of, or relating to motor vehicles.

automotive industry automotive industries n
przemysł samochodowy

autonomic /ˌɔt.əˈnɑm.ɪk/ /ˌɔː.təˈnɒm.ɪk/ adj
autonomiczny
(neurology) Acting or occurring involuntarily, without conscious control.
(neuroanatomy, neurology) Pertaining to the autonomic nervous system.

autonomic nervous system autonomic nervous systems n
autonomiczny układ nerwowy wegetatywny układ nerwowy
(neuroanatomy) In humans and other vertebrates, the part of the nervous system that regulates the involuntary activity of the heart, intestines and glands. These activities include digestion, respiration, perspiration, metabolism, and the modulation of blood pressure.

autonomicity n
autonomiczność

autonomism n
autonomizm

autonomist /ɔːˈtɒnəmɪst/ autonomists n
autonomista autonomistka

autonomistic adj
autonomistyczny

autonomistically adv
autonomistycznie

autonomization autonomizations n
autonomizacja

autonomize v
autonomizować zautonomizować

autonomous /ɑˈtɑnəməs/ /ɔˈtɑnəməs/ /ɔːˈtɒnəməs/ more autonomous most autonomous adj
autonomiczny
Self-governing. Intelligent, sentient, self-aware, thinking, feeling, governing independently.
autonomiczny samodzielny
Acting on one's own or independently; of a child, acting without being governed by parental or guardian rules.

autonomous oblast autonomous oblasts n
obwód autonomiczny
One of the administrative divisions of the former Soviet Union created for certain “smaller” nations and characterized by following features: they were given an autonomy within a union republic or, in the RSFSR, within a krai; had a status lower than an autonomous republic; had a different titular nation from that of their union republic/krai. Abbreviated as AO.

autonomous sensory meridian response autonomous sensory meridian responses n
samoistna odpowiedź meridianów czuciowych
A frisson characterized by a tingling sensation on the skin that typically begins on the scalp and moves down the back of the neck and upper spine.

autonomous vehicle autonomous vehicles n
samochód autonomiczny
A vehicle which utilizes mechatronics, artificial intelligence and a multi-agent system to assist its human operator.

autonomously more autonomously most autonomously adv
autonomicznie
In an autonomous or self-governing manner.

autonomy /ɑˈtɑ.nə.mi/ /ɔˈtɑ.nə.mi/ /ɔːˈtɒn.ə.mi/ autonomies n
autonomia autonomiczność
(government, countable) A self-governing country or region.
(mechanics, uncountable) The capacity of a system to make a decision about its actions without the involvement of another system or operator.
(Christianity, uncountable) The status of a church whose highest-ranking bishop is appointed by the patriarch of the mother church, but which is self-governing in all other respects. Compare autocephaly.
autonomia autonomiczność samodzielność
(philosophy, uncountable) The capacity to make an informed, uncoerced decision.

autoparody autoparodies n
autoparodia

autophagocytosis autophagocytoses n
autofagia autofagocytoza

autophagous adj
autofagiczny

autophagy autophagies n
autofagia autofagocytoza
(cytology) The process of self-digestion by a cell through the action of enzymes originating within the same cell. Often a defensive and/or self-preservation measure.

autophilia n
autofilia samouwielbienie
Self-love, especially sexual attraction to the self.

autopilot autopilots n
automatyczny pilot autopilot
(aviation, nautical) A mechanical, electrical, or hydraulic system used to guide a vehicle without assistance from a human being.

autopoiesis /ˌɔːtəʊpɔɪˈiːsɪs/ n
system autopoietyczny
(systems theory) Self-creation; self-organization.

autoprotolysis autoprotolyses n
autojonizacja autoprotoliza
(chemistry) The autoionization of water (or similar compounds) in which a proton (hydrogen ion) is transferred to form a cation and an anion e.g. 2H2O => H3O+ + OH-

autopsic more autopsic most autopsic adj
autopsyjny sekcyjny
Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of an autopsy

autopsy /ˈɑtɑpsi/ /ˈɔtɑpsi/ /ˈɔːtɒpsiː/ autopsies n
autopsja sekcja
A dissection performed on a cadaver to find possible cause(s) of death.
autopsja
(rare) An eyewitness observation, the presentation of an event as witnessed.

autoradiograph autoradiographs n
autoradiogram

autoradiography n
autoradiografia

autoregeneration n
autoregeneracja

autorotation autorotations n
autorotacja
(aviation) The rotation of the blades of a helicopter driven solely by the action of ascending air

autorotative adj
autorotacyjny

autosexuality n
autoseksualizm
Sexual attraction toward oneself.

autosome /ˈɑtəzoʊm/ /ˈɔɾəˌsoʊm/ /ˈɔːtəsəʊm/ autosomes n
autosom
(genetics) Any chromosome other than sex chromosomes.

autosuggestion autosuggestions n
autosugestia
(psychology, uncountable) The practice of suggesting thoughts to oneself, as in autohypnosis.
(psychology, countable) An instance of suggesting a thought to oneself.

autotelic more autotelic most autotelic adj
autoteliczny
(psychology, of an activity, process, person or personality) Containing its own meaning or purpose; deriving meaning and purpose from within.

autotherapeutic more autotherapeutic most autotherapeutic adj
autoterapeutyczny

autotherapy autotherapies n
autoterapia
(medicine) The spontaneous cure of a medical condition.
(medicine) Self-treatment of a medical condition.
(medicine) Treament of a disease by administration of filtrates from the patient's own pathological secretions, such as the ingestion of discharge from wounds.

autotomy /ɔːˈtɒtəmi/ autotomies n
autotomia
(chiefly, _, zoology) The spontaneous removal of a limb, tail etc, especially by some invertebrates as a self-defense mechanism.

autotransformer autotransformers n
autotransformator

autotransfusion autotransfusions n
autotransfuzja
(medicine) A blood transfusion in which a person receives their own blood, extracted previously.

autotransplantation autotransplantations n
autotransplantacja

autotroph /ˈɔɾəˌtɹoʊf/ /ˈɔːtə(ʊ)tɹəʊf/ autotrophs n
autotrof
(ecology) Any organism that can synthesize its food from inorganic substances, using heat or light as a source of energy.

autotrophic adj
autotroficzny samożywny

autotrophy autotrophies n
autotrofia autotrofizm samożywność
(biology) The synthesis of food from inorganic substances, using heat or light as a source of energy

autotypic adj
autotypowy
Relating to an autotype

autotypy autotypies n
autotypia autotypografia
(dated, photography) An early photographic process that produced autotypes using a carbon pigment.

autovaccine autovaccines n
autoszczepionka autowakcyna

autoxidation autoxidations n
autooksydacja autoutlenianie samoutlenianie

autoxidator autoxidators n
autoutleniacz samoutleniacz

autumn /ˈɑtəm/ /ˈɔtəm/ /ˈɔːtəm/ [ˈɑɾm̩] [ˈɑɾɪ̈m] [ˈɔɾm̩] [ˈɔɾɪ̈m] autumns n
jesień
Traditionally the third of the four seasons, when deciduous trees lose their leaves; typically regarded as being from September 24 to December 22 in parts of the Northern Hemisphere, and the months of March, April and May in the Southern Hemisphere.
(fashion) A person with relatively dark hair and a warm skin tone, seen as best suited to certain colours in clothing.

autumn years n
jesień życia

autumnal /ɔˈtʌmnəɫ/ /ɔːˈtʌmnəl/ more autumnal most autumnal adj
jesienny
Of or relating to autumn.

autumnal equinox autumnal equinoxes n
równonoc jesienna
(astronomy) The moment when the sun appears to cross the celestial equator while tilting away from the observer, taking place in September in the northern hemisphere and March in the southern hemisphere.

autumnally more autumnally most autumnally adv
jesiennie
In an autumnal manner.

autunite autunites n
autunit
(mineral) A yellow mineral with tetragonal crystals, Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2·10-12H2O.

auxanometer auxanometers n
auksanometr

auxetic more auxetic most auxetic adj
auksetyczny

auxetic auxetics n
auksetyk

auxeticity n
auksetyczność

auxiliary /ɑɡˈzɪl(j)(ə)ɹi/ /ɑɡˈzɪliɛɹi/ /ɔɡˈzɪl(j)(ə)ɹi/ /ɔɡˈzɪliɛɹi/ /ɔːɡˈzɪl(j)əɹi/ /ɔːɡˈzɪli.əɹi/ adj
pomocnicza pomocnicze pomocniczy
Helping; giving assistance or support.
rezerwowa rezerwowe rezerwowy
Held in reserve for exceptional circumstances.
posiłkowa posiłkowe posiłkowy
(grammar) Relating to an auxiliary verb.

auxiliary verb /ɔːɡˈzɪljəɹi ˈvɜː(ɹ)b/ auxiliary verbs n
czasownik posiłkowy
(grammar) A verb that accompanies the main verb in a clause in order to make distinctions in tense, mood, voice or aspect.

auxin auxins n
auksyna
(botany) A class of plant growth substance (often called phytohormones or plant hormones) which play an essential role in coordination of many growth and behavioral processes in the plant life cycle.

auxology n
auksologia
(biology) The study of growth

available /əˈveɪləb(ə)l/ more available most available adj
wolny dostępny
Such as one may avail oneself of; capable of being used for the accomplishment of a purpose.
dostępny
Readily obtainable.

aval avals n
awal
(finance, law) A financial guarantee by a third party to assume the burden of a debt, especially a bill of exchange in the event of default.

avalanche /ˈævəlæn(t)ʃ/ /ˈævəlɑːnʃ/ avalanches n
lawina awalansza
A large mass or body of snow and ice sliding swiftly down a mountain side, or falling down a precipice.
lawina
A fall of earth, rocks, etc., similar to that of an avalanche of snow or ice.
(by extension) A sudden, great, or irresistible descent or influx; anything like an avalanche in suddenness and overwhelming quantity.

avant-garde /æˈvɑ̃.ɡɑːd/ /æˈvɑ̃t.ɡɑːd/ /əˌvæntˈɡɑɹd/ /əˌvɑntˈɡɑɹd/ /ˈæ.vn̩t.ɡɑːd/ /ˌæ.vɑntˈɡɑɹd/ /ˌæ.vɑ̃ˈɡɑːd/ /ˌæˌvɑ̃ˈɡɑɹd/ /ˌɑˌvæntˈɡɑɹd/ /ˌɑˌvɑntˈɡɑɹd/ /ˌɑˌvɑ̃ˈɡɑɹd/ more avant-garde most avant-garde adj
awangardowy
Innovative, pioneering, especially when extremely or obviously so.

avant-garde /æˈvɑ̃.ɡɑːd/ /æˈvɑ̃t.ɡɑːd/ /əˌvæntˈɡɑɹd/ /əˌvɑntˈɡɑɹd/ /ˈæ.vn̩t.ɡɑːd/ /ˌæ.vɑntˈɡɑɹd/ /ˌæ.vɑ̃ˈɡɑːd/ /ˌæˌvɑ̃ˈɡɑɹd/ /ˌɑˌvæntˈɡɑɹd/ /ˌɑˌvɑntˈɡɑɹd/ /ˌɑˌvɑ̃ˈɡɑɹd/ avant-gardes n
awangarda
(obsolete) The vanguard of an army or other force.
Any group of people who invent or promote new techniques or concepts, especially in the arts.

avant-gardism n
awangardyzm awangardzizm
the novel, experimental approach of the avant-garde

avant-gardist avant-gardists n
awangardysta awangardzista awangardystka awangardzistka
A person who is avant-garde or espouses avant-garde points of view; a member of the avant-garde.

avarice /ˈævəɹəs/ /ˈævəɹɪs/ /ˈævɹəs/ avarices n
chciwość
Excessive or inordinate desire of gain; greed for wealth
Inordinate desire for some supposed good.

avaricious /ˌævəˈɹɪʃəs/ more avaricious most avaricious adj
chciwy skąpy
Actuated by avarice; extremely greedy for wealth or material gain; immoderately desirous of accumulating property.

avatar /ˈæv.ə.tɑɹ/ /ˈæv.ə.tɑː/ /ˌæv.əˈtɑː/ avatars n
awatar awatara personifikacja ucieleśnienie
(computing, video games, metaverse) A complex and dynamic digital representation of a person or being in the form of a digital model, used online as a simulation or emulation of a person, or as a person's online alter ego, in a virtual world, virtual chat room, or metaverse.

aven avens n
awen
A vertical shaft leading upward from a cave passage, sometimes connecting with passages above.

avenge /əˈvɛnd͡ʒ/ v
pomścić mścić zemścić
(transitive) To take vengeance (for); to exact satisfaction for by punishing the injuring party; to vindicate by inflicting pain or evil on a wrongdoer.
(transitive, archaic) To treat revengefully; to wreak vengeance on.

avenger /əˈvɛndʒə(ɹ)/ avengers n
mściciel mścicielka
One who avenges or vindicates

avenin avenins n
awenina

avens /ˈævɪnz/ avens n
kuklik
A plant of the genus Geum, especially Geum urbanum, or herb bennet.

aventurine /əˈvɛn.tjʊə.ɹɪn/ /əˈvɛn.t͡ʃə.ɹɪn/ /əˈvɛn.t͡ʃəˌɹin/ aventurines n
kamieniem tysiąca słońc szkło awenturynowe
A kind of brownish glass containing gold-coloured spangles.
awanturyn awenturyn kwarc awenturynowy
(mineral, by extension) A variety of translucent quartz, spangled throughout with scales of yellow mica.

avenue /ˈæv.əˌn(j)u/ /ˈæv.əˌnjuː/ avenues n
aleja podjazd
The principal walk or approach to a house which is withdrawn from the road, especially, such approach bordered on each side by trees; any broad passageway thus bordered.

avenuelike more avenuelike most avenuelike adj
alejowy
Resembling or characteristic of an avenue.

average /ˈæv(ə)ɹɪd͡ʒ/ more average most average adj
średni
(not comparable) Constituting or relating to the average.
przeciętny
Neither very good nor very bad; rated somewhere in the middle of all others in the same category.
Typical.

average /ˈæv(ə)ɹɪd͡ʒ/ averages n
średnia
(mathematics) The arithmetic mean.

average Joe more average Joe most average Joe adj
przeciętny zjadacz chleba zwykły zjadacz chleba
Hypothetically average or generic individual.

averagely more averagely most averagely adv
przeciętnie
In an average manner

averse /əˈvɜː(ɹ)s/ more averse most averse adj
awersyjny
Having a repugnance or opposition of mind.

aversely more aversely most aversely adv
awersyjnie
With repugnance or aversion; unwillingly.

aversion /əˈvɜːʃən/ /əˈvɝʒən/ aversions n
awersja niechęć odraza
Opposition or repugnance of mind; fixed dislike often without any conscious reasoning.

avian /ˈeɪvi.ən/ adj
ptasi
Characteristic of or pertaining to birds, or to bird-like or flying creatures.

avian influenza n
ptasia grypa
(pathology) Any strain of influenza carried by and primarily affecting birds.

aviary /ˈeɪviˌɛəɹi/ /ˈeɪvɪəɹi/ aviaries n
ptaszarnia
A house, enclosure, large cage, or other place for keeping birds confined; a birdhouse. [from 16th c.]

aviation /ˌeɪ.viˈeɪ.ʃən/ aviations n
lotnictwo awiacja awiatyka
The art or science of making and flying aircraft.

aviator aviators aviatress aviatrix n
lotnik awiator
An aircraft pilot, especially a military pilot. The use of the word may imply claims of superior airmanship, as in navy aviator vs. air force pilot.

aviator sunglasses n
okulary przeciwsłoneczne Aviator

avid /ˈæv.əd/ /ˈæv.ɪd/ avider avidest more avid most avid adj
zapalony
enthusiastic; keen; eager; showing great interest in something or desire to do something

avionics /eɪ.viˈɒn.ɪks/ n
awionika
(aviation) The science and technology of the development and use of electrical and electronic devices in aviation.
(aviation) The devices used in avionics.

aviso avisoes avisos n
awizo awizowiec
A mid-sized colonial warship

avitaminosis avitaminoses n
awitaminoza
Any disease which is caused by vitamin deficiency.

avocado /ævəˈkɑdoʊ/ /ævəˈkɑːdəʊ/ /ɑvəˈkɑdoʊ/ [ævəˈkɑɾoʊ] [ɑvəˈkɑɾoʊ] avocadoes avocados n
awokado smaczliwka
The large, usually yellowish-green or black, savory fruit of the avocado tree.
The avocado tree, Persea americana, of the laurel family.

avocet /ˈævəsɛt/ avocets n
szablodziób
Any of four species of wading birds in the genus Recurvirostra, of the family Recurvirostridae, with long, slender recurved bills, long legs, and webbed feet. It is the logo of the RSPB (Royal Society for the Protection of Birds)

avoid /əˈvɔɪd/ v
unikać uniknąć
to keep away from; to keep clear of; to stay away from

avoid like the plague /əˈvɔɪd laɪk ðə ˈpleɪɡ/ v
bać się jak diabeł święconej wody
(simile) To evade or shun, if at all possible.

avowedly more avowedly most avowedly adv
jawnie otwarcie
With open acknowledgment, declaration or verification.

avuncular /əˈvʌŋkjʊlə/ /əˈvʌŋkjʊlɚ/ more avuncular most avuncular adj
dobroduszny ojcowski
In the manner of an uncle, pertaining to an uncle.

await /əˈweɪt/ v
czekać oczekiwać
(transitive) To be in store for; to be ready or in waiting for.
(transitive, intransitive) To serve or attend; to wait on, wait upon.

awake /əˈweɪk/ /əˈweːk/ [əˈweːk] [əˈwɛːk] more awake most awake adj
czujny przebudzony
Not asleep; conscious.

awake /əˈweɪk/ /əˈweːk/ [əˈweːk] [əˈwɛːk] v
obudzić się
(intransitive) To become conscious after having slept.
(transitive) To cause (somebody) to stop sleeping.
(transitive) To excite or to stir up something latent.

awakening /əˈweɪ̯kənɪŋ/ awakenings n
budzenie budzenie się przebudzenie
The act of becoming aware of something.

award /əˈwɔɹd/ /əˈwɔːd/ awards n
nagroda odznaczenie
A trophy or medal; something that denotes an accomplishment, especially in a competition. A prize or honor based on merit.

award /əˈwɔɹd/ /əˈwɔːd/ v
nagradzać nagrodzić
(transitive) To give (an award).
(transitive) To give (a person) an award.

aware /əˈweːɹ/ /əˈwɛə/ /əˈwɛɚ/ awarer awarest more aware most aware adj
świadomy świadom
Conscious or having knowledge of something.

awareness /əˈwɛə.nəs/ /əˈwɛɚ.nəs/ awarenesses n
świadomość
The state or level of consciousness where sense data can be confirmed by an observer.
The state or quality of being aware of something.

away /əˈweɪ/ further away furthest away adj
daleko na wyjeździe niedostępny nieobecny z dala
Not here, gone, absent, unavailable, traveling; on vacation.

away /əˈweɪ/ further away furthest away adv
precz stąd
From a place, hence.

away game away games n
mecz wyjazdowy
(idiomatic, sports) An athletic contest played away from the team's home field.

away with the fairies /əˈweɪ wɪð ðə ˈfɛəɹɪːz/ adj
w roztargniony sposób zamyślony
(idiomatic) Synonym of lost in thought; distracted or daydreaming.

awe /ɑ/ /ɔ/ /ɔː/ awes n
groza trwoga
A feeling of fear and reverence.
zachwyt
A feeling of amazement.

awesome /ˈɑ.səm/ /ˈɔ.səm/ /ˈɔː.səm/ awesomer awesomest more awesome most awesome adj
bajer bajerancki super
(colloquial, North America, Australia) Excellent, exciting, remarkable.

awful /ˈɑfəl/ /ˈɔfəl/ /ˈɔːfəl/ /ˈɔːfʊl/ awfuller awfullest more awful most awful adj
okropny ohydny straszliwy
Very bad.

awkward /ˈoːkwəd/ /ˈɑkwɚd/ /ˈɔkwɚd/ /ˈɔːkwəd/ awkwarder awkwardest more awkward most awkward adj
nieprzyjemny
Not easily managed or effected; embarrassing.
nieśmiały
Perverse; adverse; difficult to handle.

awl /ɑl/ /ɔl/ /ɔːl/ awls n
szydło
A pointed instrument for piercing small holes, as in leather or wood; used by shoemakers, saddlers, cabinetmakers, etc. The blade is differently shaped and pointed for different uses, as in the brad awl, saddler's awl, shoemaker's awl, etc.

awn /ɔːn/ awns n
ość wąs
The bristle or beard of barley, oats, grasses, etc., or any similar bristlelike appendage; arista.

awning /ˈɑnɪŋ/ /ˈɔnɪŋ/ /ˈɔːnɪŋ/ awnings n
markiza
A rooflike cover, usually of canvas, extended over or before any place as a shelter from the sun, rain, or wind.

awnless more awnless most awnless adj
bezostny bezościsty

awry /əˈɹaɪ/ /əˈɹɑɪ/ /ˈɔ.ɹi/ more awry most awry adj
krzywy
Turned or twisted toward one side; crooked, distorted, out of place; wry.
niewłaściwy
(figurative) Wrong or distorted; perverse, amiss, off course

awry /əˈɹaɪ/ /əˈɹɑɪ/ /ˈɔ.ɹi/ more awry most awry adv
krzywo na opak ukośnie
Obliquely, crookedly; askew.
niewłaściwie opacznie
Perversely, improperly.

axe /æks/ axes n
siekiera topór
A tool for felling trees or chopping wood etc. consisting of a heavy head flattened to a blade on one side, and a handle attached to it.
topór siekiera
An ancient weapon consisting of a head that has one or two blades and a long handle.

axel /ˈæk.səl/ axels n
aksel axel

axeless adj
bez topora

axial /ˈæk.si.əl/ /ˈæk.sɪ.əl/ more axial most axial adj
osiowy
(anatomy) Belonging to the axis of the body, or to the axis of any appendage or organ

axinite axinites n
aksynit
(mineral) A borosilicate of aluminum, iron, and lime, commonly found in glassy, brown crystals with acute edges.

axiological adj
aksjologiczny
Of or relating to value theory, the philosophical field of axiology.

axiologically more axiologically most axiologically adv
aksjologicznie

axiology axiologies n
aksjologia
(uncountable, philosophy) The study of value(s), as regards origin, nature, functions, types, and interrelations; value theory.
(countable) The particular value-theory of a philosopher, school of thought, etc.

axiom /ˈak.sɪ.əm/ /ˈæk.si.əm/ /ˈæk.ʃəm/ axiomata axioms n
aksjomat pewnik
(philosophy) A seemingly self-evident or necessary truth which is based on assumption; a principle or proposition which cannot actually be proved or disproved.
(logic, mathematics, proof theory) A fundamental assumption that serves as a basis for deduction of theorems; a postulate (sometimes distinguished from postulates as being universally applicable, whereas postulates are particular to a certain science or context).
pewnik aksjomat
An established principle in some artistic practice or science that is universally received.

axiom of choice axioms of choice n
aksjomat wyboru pewnik wyboru
(set theory) One of the axioms of set theory, equivalent to the statement that an arbitrary direct product of non-empty sets is non-empty; any version of said axiom, for example specifying the cardinality of the number of sets from which choices are made.

axiom of extensionality n
aksjomat ekstensjonalności
(set theory) One of the axioms in axiomatic set theory, equivalent to the statement that two sets are equal if and only if they contain the same elements.

axiom of infinity n
aksjomat nieskończoności
(set theory) One of the axioms in axiomatic set theory that guarantees the existence of an infinite set.

axiom of pairing n
aksjomat pary
(set theory) One of the axioms in axiomatic set theory, equivalent to the statement that if two sets exist, there exists a set with those two sets as its sole elements.

axiom of regularity n
aksjomat regularności
(set theory) One of the axioms in axiomatic set theory, equivalent to the statement that every non-empty set contains a member that is disjoint from that set.

axiom of union n
aksjomat sumy
(set theory) One of the axioms in axiomatic set theory, equivalent to the statement that a union exists for any set, containing exactly all the elements contained within the sets within that set.

axiomatic /ˌæk.si.əˈmæt.ɪk/ more axiomatic most axiomatic adj
aksjomatyczny
Self-evident or unquestionable. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]
(mathematics) Relating to or containing axioms. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

axiomatic system axiomatic systems n
system aksjomatyczny

axiomatically adv
aksjomatycznie
By the use of axioms; in the form of an axiom.

axiomatics n
aksjomatyka

axiomatization /ˌaksɪəmətʌɪˈzeɪʃn̩/ axiomatizations n
aksjomatyzacja
The reduction of some system or concept to a set of axioms.
The result of establishing a concept within a system of axioms; axiomatic system.

axiomatize v
aksjomatyzować zzaksjomatyzować
To establish a set of axioms that describe or govern certain phenomena

axiomless adj
bez aksjomatów

axis /ˈæksəs/ /ˈæksɪs/ axes axiis n
oś
(geometry) An imaginary line around which an object spins (an axis of rotation) or is symmetrically arranged (an axis of symmetry).
(mathematics) A fixed one-dimensional figure, such as a line or arc, with an origin and orientation and such that its points are in one-to-one correspondence with a set of numbers; an axis forms part of the basis of a space or is used to position and locate data in a graph (a coordinate axis)
obrotnik
(skeleton) The second cervical vertebra of the spine

axis of evil axes of evil n
oś zła
A group of states accused by George W. Bush of sponsoring terrorism and seeking weapons of mass destruction, originally defined as Iran, Iraq, and North Korea.

axle /ˈæksəl/ axles n
oś
The pin or spindle on which a wheel revolves, or which revolves with a wheel.
(geometry, astronomy, archaic) An axis.

axleless adj
bezosiowy

axode axodes n
aksoida

axolotl /ˈak.səˌlɒ.təl/ /ˈæk.səˌlɑ.təl/ axolotls axolots n
aksolotl aksolotl meksykański ambystoma meksykańska salamandra meksykańska
A critically endangered salamander found in the elevated lakes of Mexico, Ambystoma mexicanum.

axon axons n
akson neuryt
(cytology) A nerve fibre which is a long slender projection of a nerve cell, and which conducts nerve impulses away from the body of the cell to a synapse.

axonal adj
aksonowy
(cytology) Of or pertaining to an axon.

axonless adj
bez aksonu bez neurytu

axonometric adj
aksonometryczny
(technical drawing) Describing a projection in which the horizontal and vertical axes are to the same scale, but the third axis is reduced to allow for perspective

axonometry n
aksonometria

ayah /ˈaɪ.(j)ɑː/ /ˈaɪ.ə/ ayahs ayat n
aja
(Islam) A verse in the Quran.

ayatollah ayatollahs n
ajatollah
(Islam) A religious leader in Twelver Shi'ism.

aye /aɪ/ ayes n
afirmatywa
An affirmative vote; one who votes in the affirmative.

aye aye, sir phraseologicalUnit
tak jest
(idiomatic, nautical) The correct and seamanlike reply, onboard a Royal Navy (or US Navy) ship, on receipt of an order from someone of senior rank or authority. It means "I understand the command and hasten to comply with the order."

aye-aye /ˈaɪˌaɪ/ aye-ayes n
palczak madagaskarski palczak
The lemur Daubentonia madagascariensis, a solitary nocturnal quadruped found in Madagascar and remarkable for its long fingers, sharp nails, and rodent-like incisor teeth.

azalea /əˈzeɪliə/ azaleas n
azalia
A plant of the obsolete genus Azalea.

azarole azaroles n
głóg włoski
Any of species Crataegus azarolus of shrubs of southern Europe, related to hawthorn.

azeotrope azeotropes n
azeotrop
(physics) A mixture of two or more substances whose liquid and gaseous forms have the same composition (at a certain pressure); the substances cannot be separated by normal distillation.

azeotropic more azeotropic most azeotropic adj
azeotropowy

azeotropy n
azeotropia

azide /ˈeɪzaɪd/ azides n
azydek
(inorganic chemistry) the N3− anion or any salt containing this anion (^-N=\overset{+}N=N^-)

azimuth /ˈæzɪməθ/ azimuths n
azymut
An arc of the horizon intercepted between the meridian of the place and a vertical circle passing through the center of any object.
The quadrant of an azimuth circle.

azimuthal /ˌæzəˈmuːθəl/ /ˌæzəˈmʌθəl/ adj
azymutalny
Of or pertaining to the azimuth; in a horizontal circle.

azoic adj
azoiczny
(dated) Destitute of any vestige of organic life, or at least of animal life.

azoospermia azoospermias n
azoospermia
(medicine) The absence of live sperm in the semen.

azotometer /ˌeɪzəʊˈtɒmɪtɚ/ azotometers n
azotometr
(inorganic chemistry, obsolete) An apparatus for measuring or determining the proportion of nitrogen.

azure /eɪ-/ /æzˈjʊə/ /əˈzjɝ/ /əˈzjʊə/ /əˈzjʊɹ/ /əˈʒɝ/ /əˈʒʊɹ/ /ˈeɪʒ.ə/ /ˈæz.jʊə/ /ˈæʒ.ə/ /ˈæʒ.ɚ/ adj
błękitny
Sky blue; resembling the clear blue colour of the unclouded sky.

azure /eɪ-/ /æzˈjʊə/ /əˈzjɝ/ /əˈzjʊə/ /əˈzjʊɹ/ /əˈʒɝ/ /əˈʒʊɹ/ /ˈeɪʒ.ə/ /ˈæz.jʊə/ /ˈæʒ.ə/ /ˈæʒ.ɚ/ azures n
błękit lazur
(countable, and, uncountable) The clear blue colour of the sky; also, a pigment or dye of this colour.
(poetic) The unclouded sky; the blue vault above.

azurite /ˈæʒ(j)ʊˌɹaɪt/ /ˈæʒ.(j)ʊəɹˌaɪt/ /ˈæʒ.əˌɹaɪt/ azurites n
azuryt
(mineral) A blue vitreous mineral; a basic hydrated copper carbonate, with the chemical formula Cu2+3(CO3)2(OH)2, used since antiquity as a blue pigment or ores to extract metallic copper.

b. adj
ur.
born

baa [bæ] [bæ̰ˀæ̰ˀæ̰ˀæ̰ˀ] [bæ̰ː] [bɑ] [bɑː] interjection
be
(onomatopoeia) The characteristic cry of a sheep.

baa [bæ] [bæ̰ˀæ̰ˀæ̰ˀæ̰ˀ] [bæ̰ː] [bɑ] [bɑː] baas n
bek
(onomatopoeia) The characteristic cry or bleating of a sheep.

baa [bæ] [bæ̰ˀæ̰ˀæ̰ˀæ̰ˀ] [bæ̰ː] [bɑ] [bɑː] v
beczeć
To make the characteristic cry of a sheep.

baba /ˈbæbə/ /ˈbɑːbɑː/ /ˈbɑːbə/ babas n
baba
A kind of sponge cake soaked in rum-flavoured syrup.
(Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism) A holy man, a spiritual leader.

baba ganoush /ˌbɑbə ɡəˈnuʃ/ /ˌbɑːbə ɡəˈnuːʃ/ n
baba ghanoush
A Middle Eastern dish made from a purée of roasted aubergine (eggplant), garlic, and tahini, often eaten as a dip with bread.

babble /ˈbæb.(ə(l/ babbles n
bełkot paplanie
Idle talk; senseless prattle
gaworzenie gwar
Inarticulate speech; constant or confused murmur.
szmer
A sound like that of water gently flowing around obstructions.

babble /ˈbæb.(ə(l/ v
gaworzyć
(intransitive) To utter words indistinctly or unintelligibly; to utter inarticulate sounds
paplać
(intransitive) To talk too much; to chatter; to prattle.
szemrać
(intransitive) To make a continuous murmuring noise, like shallow water running over stones.

babka /ˈbɑb.kə/ babkas n
babka
A Central and Eastern European coffee cake flavored with orange rind, rum, almonds, and raisins; or with some single flavoring, e.g. chocolate, lemon, etc.

baboon /bəˈbuːn/ /ˌbæˈbuːn/ baboons n
pawian
An Old World monkey of the genus Papio, having dog-like muzzles and large canine teeth, cheek pouches, a short tail, and naked callosities on the buttocks. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]
(colloquial, derogatory) A foolish or boorish person.

babushka /bəˈbuːʃ.kə/ babushkas babushki n
chusta
A traditional floral headscarf worn by an Eastern European woman, tied under the chin.

baby /ˈbeɪbi/ babies n
niemowlę niemowlak dzidziuś dziecko maluch
A very young human, particularly from birth to a couple of years old or until walking is fully mastered.
A very young human, even if not yet born.
dzieciuch maluch
A person who is immature, infantile or feeble.
kochanie skarb
A person's romantic partner; a term of endearment used to refer to or address one's girlfriend, boyfriend or spouse.
bejbe mała
(informal) A form of address to a person considered to be attractive.

baby blue more baby blue most baby blue adj
jasno błękitny
Of a pale blue color.

baby bonus baby bonuses n
becikowe

baby bottle baby bottles n
butelka
A bottle equipped with a teat, used for bottlefeeding infants.

baby bump baby bumps n
bęben
(informal) Visible signs of pregnancy, noticeable abdominal swelling in a pregnant woman.

baby hatch baby hatches n
okno życia
A place where a person (typically the mother) can bring a baby to abandon it so that somebody else can find and care for it.

baby walker baby walkers n
chodzik
A device in which a baby sits in a harness within a wheeled frame that supports it whilst walking.

baccalaureate /bækəˈlɔːɹɪət/ baccalaureates n
bakalaureat
A high school completion exam and qualification awarded in many countries (e.g. Finland, France, Moldova, Romania), designed to enable students to go on to higher education.
The International Baccalaureate.

baccarat /bɑːkəˈrɑː/ /ˈbækəɹæt/ /ˈbækəɹɑː/ /ˈbɑːkəɹɑː/ n
bakarat
(card games) A card game resembling chemin de fer with many forms - usually entailing the player(s) betting against two or three hands dealt - also bearing some similarities to blackjack.

bacchanalia /ˌbæk.əˈnɑː.lɪə/ bacchanalias n
bachanalia

bacchante bacchantes n
bachantka
a priestess of Bacchus

bacchic more bacchic most bacchic adj
bachiczny bachusowy
Of or relating to Bacchus

bachelor /ˈbæt͡ʃ.lɚ/ /ˈbæt͡ʃ.ə.lə(ɹ)/ /ˈbæt͡ʃ.ə.lɚ/ bachelors n
bakałarz licencjat
Someone who has achieved a bachelor's degree.
kawalerka
(Canada) A bachelor apartment.
kawaler
(obsolete) An unmarried woman.

bachelor pad bachelor pads n
garsoniera
(US) A nice, well-furnished dwelling where an unmarried man lives, usually by himself, but sometimes with other men.

bachelor party bachelor parties n
wieczór kawalerski
(US, Canada, South Africa) A party held for a man who is about to be married, normally attended only by male friends and relatives.

bachelor's degree bachelor's degrees n
licencjat
The first or lowest academic degree conferred by universities and colleges; a baccalaureate.

bachelorette /batʃələˈɹɛt/ /ˌbæt͡ʃləˈɹɛt/ bachelorettes n
panna
(North America) An unmarried woman.

bachelorette party bachelorette parties n
wieczór panieński
(US, Canada) A party held for a woman who is about to be married.

bacillus /bæˈsɪl.əs/ bacilli n
laseczka pałeczka
Any of various rod-shaped, spore-forming aerobic bacteria in the genus Bacillus, some of which cause disease.

back /bæk/ [-k̚] [-ˀk] [bak] [bax] [bæk] more back most back adj
tylny zadni
(comparable, phonetics) Pronounced with the highest part of the body of the tongue toward the back of the mouth, near the soft palate (most often describing a vowel).

back /bæk/ [-k̚] [-ˀk] [bak] [bax] [bæk] further back furthest back adv
z powrotem nazad
(not comparable) To or in a previous condition or place.

back /bæk/ [-k̚] [-ˀk] [bak] [bax] [bæk] backs n
plecy tył koniec oparcie
The rear of the body, especially the part between the neck and the end of the spine and opposite the chest and belly.
obrońca
(sports) In some team sports, a position behind most players on the team.
tył
The reverse side; the side that is not normally seen.
tył koniec
That which is farthest away from the front.

back and forth adv
tam i nazad tam i z powrotem
From one place to another and back again.

back and forth back and forths n
ruch tam i z powrotem
The movement (of someone or something) forward followed by a return to the same position. May refer to a concept such as an emotional state or a relationship as well as a physical thing.

back at you
wzajemnie
(idiomatic, US) Used to return a greeting or insult.

back door back doors n
drzwi kuchenne
A subsidiary entrance to a building or house at its rear, normally away from the street.
backdoor
(computer security) A secret means of access to a program or system.
dupa
(slang) The anus, generally used in reference to anal sex.

back down v
dać za wygraną dawać za wygraną wycofać
(idiomatic) To take a less aggressive position in a conflict than one previously has or has planned to.

back in the day
kiedyś powrotem w dzień
(temporal location, idiomatic, informal) In the distant past; especially, at a time fondly remembered (the good old days).

back of one's mind n
w tyle głowy

back off v
cofać się cofnąć się odsunąć się odsuwać się
(literally) To move backwards away from something.
uspokoić się
(idiomatic) To become less aggressive, particularly when one had appeared committed to act.
wyciszyć
(idiomatic) To lower the setting of.

back office back offices n
zaplecze

back rank back ranks n
mat korytarzowy

back seat back seats n
tylne siedzenie
Any of the seats in the rear of a vehicle.

back the wrong horse v
postawić na złego konia stawiać na złego konia
To support something or someone that later turns out to be unsuccessful.

back to square one adj
na punkcie wyjścia
(idiomatic) Located back at the start, as after a dead end or failure.

back to square one adv
na punkcie wyjścia
(idiomatic) Back to the start, as after a dead end or failure.

back to the wall backs to the wall n
plecami do ściany pod ścianą przyparty do muru
(idiomatic) A very difficult situation with no beneficial options available for action.

back vowel back vowels n
samogłoska tylna
(phonetics) Any vowel sound produced in the back of the mouth, such as /uː/ in rule or /əʊ/ in pole.

back-formation back-formations n
derywacja wsteczna
(uncountable, linguistics) The process by which a new word is formed from an older word by interpreting the former as a derivative of the latter, often by removing a morpheme (real or perceived) from the older word, such as the verb burgle, formed by removing -ar (perceived as an agent-noun suffix) from burglar.

back-seat driver back-seat drivers n
pasażer dający niepożądane rady
A person sitting (typically) in the back seat of a car issuing (unsolicited and usually unwanted) instructions to the driver.
niepożądany doradca pasażer dający niepożądane rady
(figuratively) An opinionated person who offers (unsolicited and often unwanted) advice on the best way to handle a situation.

back-translate v
przetłumaczyć wstecznie tłumaczyć wstecznie
(translation studies) To translate a translated text back to the original language.

back-translation back-translations n
retranslacja
(translation studies, uncountable) The process of translating a previously translated document back into the original language.
(translation studies, countable) A text which has been translated in such a fashion.

back-transliterate v
transliterować wstecznie
(translation studies) To transliterate a transliteration back into the original script.

back-transliteration back-transliterations n
transliteracja wteczna
(translation studies, uncountable) The process of transliterating a transliteration back into the original script.
(translation studies, countable) A text formed through such a process.

backbite v
obgadywać obmawiać
To make spiteful slanderous or defamatory statements about someone.

backbone /ˈbækˌboʊn/ /ˈbækˌbəʊn/ backbones n
kręgosłup
The series of vertebrae, separated by disks, that encloses and protects the spinal cord, and runs down the middle of the back in vertebrate animals.
trzon
(figuratively) Any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure.
kręgosłup charakter
(figuratively) Courage, fortitude, or strength.

backbreaking more backbreaking most backbreaking adj
arcytrudny
(figuratively) Of work, very physically tiring.

backbreakingly more backbreakingly most backbreakingly adv
arcytrudno

backdrop /ˈbæk.dɹɑp/ /ˈbæk.dɹɒp/ [ˈbæk.d͡ʒɹɑp] backdrops n
kotara prospekt zasłona
A decorated cloth hung at the back of a stage.
namalowana dekoracja tło
An image that serves as a visual background.

backgammon /ˈbæk.ɡæm.ən/ backgammons n
tryktrak nardy
A board game for two players in which each has 15 stones which move between 24 triangular points according to the roll of a pair of dice; the object is to move all of one's pieces around, and bear them off the board.

background /ˈbæk.ɡɹaʊnd/ /ˈbækɹaʊnd/ backgrounds n
doświadczenie tło
One's social heritage, or previous life; what one did in the past.
tło dalszy plan drugi plan
A part of the picture that depicts scenery to the rear or behind the main subject; context.
kontekst pochodzenie
Information relevant to the current situation about past events; history.
dalszy plan drugi plan
A less important feature of scenery (as opposed to foreground).
tło tapeta
(computing) A type of activity on a computer that is not normally visible to the user.

background music n
podkład
Any music in a film, video game, or other medium that establishes mood and is not meant to have the audience's focus.

backhand /ˈbækhænd/ backhands n
bekhend
(tennis) a stroke made across the chest from the off-hand side to the racquet hand side; a stroke during which the back of the hand faces the shot.

backhanded compliment backhanded compliments n
dwuznaczny komplement
(idiomatic) An insult disguised as a compliment; a compliment which can be interpreted as an insult.

backheel backheels n
piętka zagranie piętą
(soccer) A kick played by the heel which typically travels in the opposite direction from which the player is facing.

backhoe /ˈbæk.həʊ/ backhoes n
koparkoładowarka
(chiefly, US, Canada, Australia) A multi-purpose tractor with a front-mounted loading bucket and a rear-mounted digging bucket. The tractor combines a front-end loader/loader and an excavator/digger.

backlash /ˈbækˌlæʃ/ backlashes n
sprzeciw
(figurative) A negative reaction, objection or outcry, especially of a violent or abrupt nature.
luz
(mechanics) The looseness through which one part of connected machinery, such as a wheel, gear, piston, or screw, can be moved without moving the connected parts, or a measurement of the distance moved thereby; either intentional (as allowance) or unintentional (from error or wear).Wagon wheel structure showing felk

backlit more backlit most backlit adj
podświetlana podświetlane podświetlany
Lit or illuminated from behind.

backlog /ˈbæk.lɒɡ/ backlogs n
zapas
A reserve source or supply.
zaległości
An accumulation or buildup, especially of unfilled orders, unconsumed products or unfinished work.

backlog /ˈbæk.lɒɡ/ v
zalegać
(transitive, intransitive) To acquire something as a backlog, or to become a backlog

backpack /ˈbæk.pæk/ backpacks n
plecak
A knapsack, sometimes mounted on a light frame, but always supported by straps, worn on a person’s back for the purpose of carrying things, especially when hiking, or on a student's back when carrying books.

backpacker backpackers n
turysta z plecakiem turystka z plecakiem
A traveler whose luggage consists of a backpack; especially, such a traveler who uses hostels, public transport, and other inexpensive services.

backpedal /ˈbækˌpɛdəɫ/ v
pedałować do tyłu
(intransitive) To pedal backwards on a bicycle.
iść do tyłu
(intransitive) To step backwards.
wycofać się wycofywać się
(intransitive, idiomatic) To distance oneself from an earlier claim or statement; back off from an idea.

backronym /ˈbæk.ɹəˌnɪm/ backronyms n
wtórny akronim
A word that is originally not an acronym but is turned into one by devising a full form for it, sometimes as a folk etymology, sometimes as a contrived acronym to name a new organization, proposal, or other entity.

backroom backrooms n
zaplecze
A room near the rear of a premises, especially one that is only accessible to a privileged few and can be used as an inconspicuous meeting place.

backslash /ˈbækˌslæʃ/ backslashes n
ukośnik lewy ukośnik odwrotny ukośnik wsteczny
The punctuation mark \.

backstabber /ˈbækˌstæbɚ/ backstabbers n
żmija
A traitor or hypocrite, such as a co-worker or friend assumed trustworthy but who figuratively attacks when one's back is turned.

backstage /bækˈsteɪd͡ʒ/ backstages n
arierscena zascenie
The area behind a stage out of view of the audience where performers wait to give their show; especially that of the dressing rooms.

backstay backstays n
achtersztag aftersztag
(nautical) A part of the rigging of a sailing ship extending from the top of the mast (masthead) to the back of the ship; they support the strain on all upper masts and provide additional support to the shrouds when the wind is abaft the beam.

backstitch backstitches n
stębnówka ścieg stębnowy
(sewing) A type of sewing stitch where the stitch goes backwards on the top side of the fabric and doubles forward on the bottom, coming out farther in front, then repeats. The backstitch is a very tight and secure stitch, and also looks very neat.

backstitch v
stębnować
To sew with a backstitch.

backstory /ˈbækˌstɔɹi/ /ˈbækˌstɔːɹi/ backstories n
historia przedakcja realia
The previous experiences and life of a person, specifically (narratology, especially in, _, film, television) a character in a dramatic work.

backstroke /ˈbækˌstɹoʊk/ backstrokes n
styl grzbietowy
(swimming) A stroke swum lying on one's back, while rotating both arms through the water as to propel the swimmer backwards.

backtrack /ˈbæk.tɹæk/ backtracks n
cofanie się
the act of backtracking

backtrack /ˈbæk.tɹæk/ v
cofać się wycofać się
To retrace one's steps.
robić ponownie
To repeat or review work already done.
kołować wstecz
(aviation) To taxi down an active runway in the opposite direction to that being used for takeoff.

backup /ˈbækˌʌp/ backups n
awaryjny
A reserve or substitute.
backup kopia bezpieczeństwa kopia zapasowa
(computing) A copy of a file or record, stored separately from the original, that can be used to recover the original if it is destroyed or damaged.

backward /ˈbæk.wə(ɹ)d/ /ˈbækwɚd/ more backward most backward adj
archaiczny przestarzały
Situated toward or at the rear of something.
(chess) Of a pawn, further behind than pawns of the same colour on adjacent files and unable to be moved forward safely.
tył
Acting or moving in the direction opposite to the usual direction of movement.

backward /ˈbæk.wə(ɹ)d/ /ˈbækwɚd/ more backward most backward adv
do tyłu z powrotem
In a direction opposite to the usual direction of movement.

backward integration backward integrations n
integracja od tyłu integracja odwrotna

backwardation /bækwəˈdeɪʃ(ə)n/ /bækwəˈdeɪʃn̩/ backwardations n
deport
In full normal backwardation: the situation in a futures market where the price for future delivery of a commodity (the forward price) is lower than the price for immediate delivery (the spot price) or nearer delivery, generally arising from a near-term shortage of the commodity.

backwardness backwardnesses n
zacofanie średniowiecze
The state of being backward.
zacofanie
Reluctance.

backwater backwaters n
rozlewisko
The water held back by a dam or other obstruction
prowincja zaścianek
(idiomatic) A remote place; somewhere that remains unaffected by new events, progresses, ideas, etc.

bacon /ˈbeɪ.kən/ bacons n
boczek bekon
Cured meat from the sides, belly, or back of a pig.

bacteraemia bacteraemias n
bakteriemia
The medical condition of having bacteria in the bloodstream.

bacterial [bækˈtɪəɹiəɫ] adj
bakteryjny
(microbiology) Of, relating to, or caused by bacteria.

bacterial flora bacterial floras n
flora bakteryjna
All the bacteria inside, or on the surface of an organism

bacterialess adj
bezbakteryjny

bactericidal adj
bakteriobójczy
That kills bacteria.

bactericidally adv
bakteriobójczo

bactericide /bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪˌsaɪd/ bactericides n
bakteriocyd
Any substance that kills bacteria, especially one that is otherwise harmless.

bacteriochlorophyll bacteriochlorophylls n
bakteriochlorofil chlorofil bakteryjny
(biology) A photosynthetic pigment occurring in various phototrophic bacteria, related to the chlorophylls.

bacteriological adj
bakteriologiczny
Of or pertaining to bacteriology.

bacteriologically more bacteriologically most bacteriologically adv
bakteriologicznie
In a bacteriological manner; with respect to bacteriology.

bacteriologist /bækˌtɪəɹiˈɒlədʒɪst/ bacteriologists n
bakteriolog
A microbiologist whose speciality is bacteriology.

bacteriology /bækˌtɪəɹ.ɪˈɒləd͡ʒi/ bacteriologies n
bakteriologia
(biology, microbiology) The scientific study of bacteria, especially in relation to disease and agriculture.

bacteriolysin bacteriolysins n
bakteriolizyna

bacteriolysis bacteriolyses n
bakterioliza

bacteriolytic more bacteriolytic most bacteriolytic adj
bakteriolityczny

bacteriolytically adv
bakteriolitycznie

bacteriophage /bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəʊˌfeɪd͡ʒ/ bacteriophages n
bakteriofag
(microbiology, virology) A virus that specifically infects bacteria.

bacteriophagic adj
bakteriofagowy

bacteriophagy n
bakteriofagia

bacterioscopy /bækˌtɪəɹ.ɪˈɒskəpi/ n
bakterioskopia

bacteriosis /bækˌtɪəɹ.ɪˈəʊsɪs/ bacterioses n
bakterioza

bacteriostat bacteriostats n
bakteriostatyk

bacteriostatic more bacteriostatic most bacteriostatic adj
bakteriostatyczny
Of or relating to bacteriostasis or a bacteriostat; inhibiting the growth of bacteria without destroying them.

bacteriostatically adv
bakteriostatycznie

bacteriotherapy /bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəʊˌθeɹ.əpi/ bacteriotherapies n
bakterioterapia

bacterium /bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəm/ bacteria bacteriums n
bakteria
(microbiology) A single-celled organism with cell walls but no nucleus or organelles.

bacteriuria bacteriurias n
bakteriomocz bakteriuria

bacteroid bacteroids n
bakteroid
A symbiotic form of the nitrogen-fixing bacterium Rhizobia, or the root nodule that it produces.

baculite baculites n
bakulit

baculum /ˈbæk.jə.ləm/ bacula baculums n
bakulum kość prącia
A bone found in the penis of some mammals.

bad /baːd/ /bæd/ /bæːd/ /bɛd/ /bɛəd/ badder baddest more bad most bad worse worst adj
zły kiepski
Unfavorable; negative; not good.
zły
Not suitable or fitting.
Not appropriate, of manners etc.
Tricky; stressful; unpleasant.
(sometimes, childish) Evil; wicked.
uszkodzony wadliwy
Faulty; not functional.
nieświeży zły
(of breath) Malodorous; foul.

bad apple bad apples n
czarna owca
(idiomatic, often, in the plural) A person who is not wholesome, honest, or trustworthy, especially one who has an adverse influence on others.

bad debt bad debts n
nieściągalne należności nieściągalne wierzytelności
(business, accounting) A debt which cannot be recovered from the debtor, either because the debtor lacks the money to pay or because the debtor cannot be found and/or forced to pay.

bad faith n
zła wiara
(legal) Intent to deceive or mislead another to gain some advantage; dishonesty or fraud in a transaction (such as knowingly misrepresenting the quality of something that is being bought or sold).

bad luck n
pech
(uncountable) An undesirable turn of events (such as an accident); misfortune.

bad news n
zła wiadomość złe wieści
News of unpleasant, unfortunate or sad events.

bad news travels fast proverb
złe wieści szybko się rozchodzą

bad things come in threes proverb
nieszczęścia chodzą parami
If an unfortunate event has already occurred twice, a third unfortunate event is likely to occur.

bad trip bad trips n
bad trip
(slang, drug use) An acute adverse psychological reaction to effects produced under the influence of psychoactive substances, namely hallucinogens.

bad weather n
psia pogoda pieska pogoda pogoda pod psem pogoda, że psa by nie wygnał
(This entry is a translation hub.)

bad-tempered more bad-tempered most bad-tempered worse-tempered worst-tempered adj
wybuchowy
Of or pertaining to bad temper; showing anger easily or customarily.

badass /bædˈæs/ /ˈbædæs/ /ˈbædˌæs/ more badass most badass adj
hardkorowy kozacki okrutny srogi zajebisty zarąbisty
(US, sometimes considered, _, vulgar, slang, positive connotation) Having an extreme appearance, attitude, or behavior that is considered admirable.

badass /bædˈæs/ /ˈbædæs/ /ˈbædˌæs/ badasses n
chojrak hardkor kozak sukinkot zabijaka
(US, sometimes considered vulgar, slang, negative connotation) A belligerent or mean person; a person with an unpleasantly extreme appearance, attitudes, or behavior.
hardkor kozak
(US, sometimes considered vulgar, slang, positive connotation) A person considered impressive due to courage, skill, daring, audacity, and/or toughness.

baddie /ˈbædi/ baddies n
czarny charakter
(informal) A person of bad character, especially in a work of fiction.

badge /bæd͡ʒ/ badges n
odznaka blacha
A distinctive mark, token, sign, emblem or cognizance, worn on one's clothing, as an insignia of some rank, or of the membership of an organization.
Something characteristic; a mark; a token.
(heraldry) A distinctive mark worn by servants, retainers, and followers of royalty or nobility, who, being beneath the rank of gentlemen, have no right to armorial bearings.

badge of honor badges of honour n
odznaka honoru
(idiom, US) An outward sign that signifies some distinction.

badger /ˈbæd͡ʒə/ /ˈbæd͡ʒɚ/ badgers n
borsuk jaźwiec
Any mammal of three subfamilies, which belong to the family Mustelidae: Melinae (Eurasian badgers), Mellivorinae (ratel or honey badger), and Taxideinae (American badger).

badly /ˈbæd.li/ worse worst adv
źle
In a bad manner.

badly off more badly off most badly off worse off worst off adj
w trudnym położeniu źle sytuowany
In unfortunate circumstances, especially having financial difficulty.

badminton /ˈbæd.mɪn.tən/ badmintons n
badminton
(uncountable) A racquet sport played indoors on a court by two opposing players (singles) or two opposing pairs of players (doubles), in which a shuttlecock is volleyed over a net and the competitions are presided by an umpire in British English and a referee in American English.

badminton player badminton players n
badmintonista badmintonistka
A person who plays badminton, especially professionally.

badness /ˈbæd.nəs/ badnesses n
niegodziwość
The quality or degree of being bad.

baffle /ˈbæfl̩/ v
wprawiać w zakłopotanie
To bewilder completely; to confuse or perplex. [from 17th c.]

baffled /ˈbæfl̩d/ more baffled most baffled adj
zdumiony
Thoroughly confused, puzzled

bag /ˈbeɪɡ/ /ˈbæɡ/ /ˈbæːɡ/ /ˈbɛɡ/ bags n
babol babon babsko babsztyl babus
(derogatory) An ugly woman.
torba worek torebka
(countable, uncountable) In certain phrases: money.

bag of nerves bags of nerves n
kłębek nerwów
(informal) A very nervous person.

bag valve mask bag valve masks n
ambu

bagatelle /ˌbæɡəˈtɛl/ bagatelles n
bagatela
A trifle; an insubstantial thing.
(literature, music) A short piece of literature or of instrumental music, typically light or playful in character.

bagatellize /ˈbæɡətɛlˌaɪz/ v
bagatelizować lekceważyć zbagatelizować zlekceważyć
(transitive, rare) To regard as a bagatelle; to play down, trivialize or belittle.

bagel /ˈbeɪ.ɡəl/ /ˈbæɡ.əl/ /ˈbæɪ.ɡəl/ /ˈbɛɡl̩/ [ˈbaɡ.ɫ̩] [ˈbeɪ.ɡɫ̩] [ˈbeː.ɡɫ̩] [ˈbæɡ.l̩] [ˈbæɪ.ɡl̩] [ˈbɛː.ɡɫ̩] bagels n
bajgiel bajgeł
A toroidal bread roll that is boiled before it is baked.

baggage claim baggage claims n
odbiór bagażu
(US) The designated location for receiving checked luggage, such as the baggage carousels at an airport.

baggage handler baggage handlers n
bagażowy

bagpiper bagpipers n
dudziarz kobziarz koziarz
One who plays the bagpipes.

bagpipes /ˈbæɡ.pɑɪps/ n
dudy
A musical wind instrument possessing a flexible bag inflated by bellows, a double-reed melody pipe and up to four drone pipes; any aerophone that produces sound using air from a reservoir to vibrate enclosed reeds.

baguette /bæˈɡɛt/ baguettes n
bagietka
A variety of bread that is long and narrow in shape.

baht /bɑːt/ baht bahts n
bat
The official currency of Thailand, equal to 100 satang.

baiji /ˈbaɪd͡ʒi/ baiji baijis n
baji chiński
A freshwater dolphin (†Lipotes vexillifer), only found in the Yangtze River. Declared functionally extinct in 2006.

bail /beɪl/ [beə̯ɫ] [ˈbeɪ̯(ə)ɫ] bails n
kaucja
(uncountable) Security, usually a sum of money, exchanged for the release of an arrested person as a guarantee of that person's appearance for trial.
czerpak
A bucket or scoop used for removing water from a boat etc.

bailiff /ˈbeɪlɪf/ bailiffs n
komornik
(historical, Norman term) A reeve, (specifically) the chief officer executing the decisions of any English court in the period following the Norman Conquest or executing the decisions of lower courts in the late medieval and early modern period.

bailiwick /ˈbeɪ.lɪ.wɪk/ bailiwicks n
baliwat
The district within which a bailie or bailiff has jurisdiction.

bain-marie /ˌbænməˈriː/ bains-marie n
bemar
(cooking) A large pan containing hot water, into which other smaller pans are set in order to cook food slowly, or to keep food warm.

bainite bainites n
bainit

bait /beɪt/ baits n
przynęta
Any substance, especially food, used in catching fish, or other animals, by alluring them to a hook, snare, trap, or net.
trutka
Food containing poison or a harmful additive to kill animals that are pests.
przynęta wabik
Anything which allures; something used to lure or entice someone or something into doing something

baize /beɪz/ baizes n
baja
A thick, soft, usually woolen cloth resembling felt; often colored green and used for coverings on card tables, billiard and snooker tables, etc.

bake /beɪk/ v
piec
(transitive, or, intransitive, or, ditransitive, with person as subject) To cook (something) in an oven (for someone).
(intransitive, with baked thing as subject) To be cooked in an oven.
wypalać
(transitive) To dry by heat.

baked /beɪkt/ more baked most baked adj
pieczony
That has been cooked by baking.

baked beans n
fasola w sosie pomidorowym
A food consisting of beans baked or stewed in a usually tomato-based sauce.

baked good baked goods n
pieczywo
(usually, in the plural) An item or class of items with a flour as a main ingredient, prepared by baking.

baker /ˈbeɪ.kə(ɹ)/ /ˈbeɪ.kɚ/ bakers n
piekarz piekarka
A person who bakes and sells bread, cakes and similar items.

bakery /ˈbeɪ.kə.ɹi/ /ˈbeɪk.ɹi/ bakeries n
piekarnia
A place in which bread (and often other baked goods such as cakes) is baked and/or sold.

baking powder baking powders n
proszek do pieczenia
A dry leavening agent used in baking; a mixture of baking soda, an acid (often cream of tartar) and starch to keep it dry; when wetted, carbon dioxide is released.

baking soda baking sodas n
soda oczyszczona soda
Sodium bicarbonate.

baking tray baking trays n
blacha do pieczenia
(cookware) An oven-proof metal tray used to hold foods in the oven.

baklava /bəˈklɑː.və/ /ˈbæk.lə.və/ /ˈbɑk.lə.və/ /ˈbɑk.ləˌvɑː/ baklavas n
baklawa baklava
A sweet pastry found in many cuisines of the Middle East and the Balkans, made of chopped nuts layered with phyllo pastry. [since c. 1650; modern spelling since 1800s]

baksheesh /bækˈʃiːʃ/ baksheeshes n
bakczysz bakszysz
In the Middle East or southwest Asia: a bribe or tip.

balaclava /ˌbæl.əˈklɑː.və/ /ˌbɑː.ləˈklɑː.və/ balaclavas n
kominiarka
A type of warm headgear covering the neck, head, and often part of the face, with apertures left as necessary, often made out of wool.

balalaika /bæləˈlaɪkə/ balalaikas balalaiki n
bałałajka bałabajka
A plucked stringed instrument with a triangular body, short neck and three strings, of Russian origin.

balance /ˈbæləns/ balances n
balans
(literally, or, figuratively) Something of equal weight used to provide equilibrium; counterweight.
bilans
(uncountable) The overall result of conflicting forces, opinions etc.; the influence which ultimately "weighs" more than others.
bilans saldo
(accounting) A list accounting for the debits on one side, and for the credits on the other.
saldo bilans
(accounting) The result of such a procedure; the difference between credit and debit of an account.
balans balansjer
(watchmaking) A device used to regulate the speed of a watch, clock etc.

balance /ˈbæləns/ v
balansować
(transitive) To hold (an object or objects) precariously; to support on a narrow base, so as to keep from falling.
bilansować zbilansować
(transitive) To make the credits and debits of (an account) correspond.
bilansować się zbilansować się
(intransitive) To have matching credits and debits.

balance beam balance beams n
balans równoważnia
(gymnastics) A gymnastics apparatus, a narrow wooden rail used in artistic (athletic) gymnastics.

balance of power balances of power n
równowaga sił
(politics, government) A situation of equilibrium in which no country is powerful enough to control, or threaten the interests of, the others.

balance of terror n
równowaga strachu
(historical) The tenuous peace that existed during the nuclear arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War.

balance of trade balances of trade n
bilans handlowy
(economics, trade) The difference between the monetary value of exports and imports in an economy over a certain period of time.

balance sheet balance sheets n
bilans
(accounting) A summary of a person's or organization's assets, liabilities and equity as of a specific date.

balance wheel balance wheels n
balans balansjer
The timekeeping device normally used in mechanical watches and small clocks, consisting of a wheel which oscillates due to a coiled spring.

balancer /ˈbæ.lən.sɚ/ balancers n
balansista
An acrobat.

balano- prefix
balano-
(anatomy) Relating to the glans.

balata balatas n
balata
The latex obtained from this tree.

balayage balayages n
balejaż
(cosmetics) A hair colouring technique in which colour is applied by hand.
(mathematics) A method for reconstructing a harmonic function.

balconic /ˈbælkənɪk/ adj
balkonowy
(rare) Of or pertaining to balconies.

balcony /bælˈkəʊni/ /ˈbælkəni/ balconies n
balkon
(architectural element) An accessible structure extending from a building, especially outside a window.
An accessible structure overlooking a stage or the like.

balcony bra balcony bras n
bardotka
A half-cup bra, generally with a low horizontal cut, designed to be worn under a low-cut top.

bald /bɑld/ /bɔld/ /bɔːld/ /bəʊld/ [bɒʊld] [bɔːɫd] balder baldest adj
łysy
Having no hair, fur or feathers.

bald cypress bald cypresses n
cypryśnik błotny
Taxodium distichum, deciduous conifer trees native to often-flooded areas of the southeastern and south central parts of the United States.

bald eagle bald eagles n
bielik amerykański
Haliaeetus leucocephalus, a species of eagle native to North America and notable for the white plumage on its head.

bald spot bald spots n
łysina
An area on the head which, due to hair loss, has little or no hair.

baldacchin /ˈbaldəkɪn/ /ˈbældəkɪn/ baldacchins n
baldachim
(countable) A canopy suspended over an altar or throne, originally made of this fabric; a ciborium.

balderdash /ˈbɔːldə.dæʃ/ n
ambaje
Senseless talk or writing; nonsense.

baldish more baldish most baldish adj
łysawy
Somewhat bald; balding.

baldmoney /ˈbɔːldˌmʌni/ n
wszewłoga górska
Meum athamanticum, an ornamental plant in the Apiaceae family.

baldness baldnesses n
łysienie
The condition or state of being (or becoming) bald.

baldric /ˈbɔːldɹɪk/ [ˈbɔːɫdɹɪk] baldrics n
pendent
A broad belt used to hold a sword, sometimes richly ornamented, worn diagonally from shoulder to hip (across the breast, and under the opposite arm); less properly, any belt. [from c. 1300]

baldy /ˈbɔːl.di/ baldies n
łysek łysielec łysol
(informal, derogatory) Someone who is bald.

bale /beɪ̯l/ [beə̯ɫ] [ˈbeɪ̯(ə)ɫ] bales n
balot
A rounded bundle or package of goods in a cloth cover, and corded for storage or transportation.
bela
A bundle of compressed fibers (especially hay, straw, cotton, or wool), compacted for shipping and handling and bound by twine or wire.
A measurement of paper equal to 10 reams.

bale /beɪ̯l/ [beə̯ɫ] [ˈbeɪ̯(ə)ɫ] v
balotować belować
(transitive) To wrap into a bale.

baleen /bəˈliːn/ /ˈbeɪliːn/ baleens n
fiszbin
(physiology, uncountable) The keratinous material that makes up the plates in the mouth of the baleen whale, Mysticeti, which it uses to trap its food; formerly used in corsetry.

baleen whale baleen whales n
fiszbinowiec
Any of several large whales, of the suborder Mysticeti, that have plates of whalebone instead of teeth

baleful /ˈbeɪl.fəl/ more baleful most baleful adj
złowieszczy
Portending evil; ominous.

balk /bɑk/ /bɔk/ /bɔːk/ /bɔːlk/ balks n
miedza
(archaeology) The wall of earth at the edge of an excavation.
bal dyl kloc
Beam, crossbeam; squared timber; a tie beam of a house, stretching from wall to wall, especially when laid so as to form a loft, "the balks".

ball /bɒl/ /bɔl/ /bɔːl/ balls n
kula piłka
A solid or hollow sphere, or roughly spherical mass.
kłębek motek
A quantity of string, thread, etc., wound into a spherical shape.
bal piłka
A formal dance.
kula
(mathematics) The set of points in a metric space of any number of dimensions lying within a given distance (the radius) of a given point.
(ballistics, firearms) A solid, spherical nonexplosive missile for a cannon, rifle, gun, etc.
jaja
(in the plural) Courage.
jajo jaja
(mildly, vulgar, slang, usually, in the plural) A testicle.
piłka kula
(printing, historical) A leather-covered cushion, fastened to a handle called a ballstock; formerly used by printers for inking the form, then superseded by the roller.

ball bearing ball bearings n
łożysko kulkowe
(loosely, often) An individual spherical ball, usually made of steel or other hard material, suitable for use in a ball-based rolling element bearing. In precise usage, each such ball is called a bearing ball or simply ball, and the entire bearing is called the ball bearing.

ball boy ball boys n
chłopiec do piłek
(sports) A person, usually male, responsible for retrieving balls from the area of play, and returning them to the players.

ball lightning ball lightnings n
piorun kulisty
A short-lived glowing ball sometimes observed to float in the air and thought to consist of ionized gas associated with thunderstorms.

ball pit ball pits n
suchy basen
A play area for children consisting of a pit filled with colourful plastic balls.

ballad /ˈbæləd/ /ˈbælɪt/ ballads n
ballada
A kind of narrative poem, adapted for recitation or singing; especially, a sentimental or romantic poem in short stanzas.
A slow romantic song.

ballad /ˈbæləd/ /ˈbælɪt/ v
balladować
(intransitive) To compose or sing ballads.

balladic more balladic most balladic adj
balladowy balladyczny

balladist balladists n
balladysta balladzista balladzistka

balladlike more balladlike most balladlike adj
balladowy balladyczny

ballast /ˈbæl.əst/ ballasts n
balast
(nautical) Heavy material that is placed in the hold of a ship (or in the gondola of a balloon), to provide stability.
balast podsypka
Coarse gravel or similar material laid to form a bed for roads or railroads, or in making concrete; track ballast.

ballast /ˈbæl.əst/ v
balastować
To stabilize or load a ship with ballast.
To weigh down with a ballast.

ballast resistor ballast resistors n
bareter
An electrical resistor whose resistance varies with the current passing through it, and thus tends to maintain a constant current

ballast tank ballast tanks n
balast

ballastless adj
bezbalastowy

ballerina /ˌbæləɹˈiːnə/ ballerinas ballerine n
balerina baletnica
(commonly) A female ballet dancer.
(less common, non-standard) A male ballet dancer; Synonym of ballerino

ballerino /ˌbæləɹˈiːnoʊ/ ballerinos n
baletnik

ballet /bælˈeɪ/ /bælˈæɪ/ /bɐleː/ /bɐlɪː/ /bɛlˈæɪ/ /ˈbal.eɪ/ /ˈbal.ɪ/ /ˈbæl(ˌ)eɪ/ ballets n
balet
A classical form of dance.
A theatrical presentation of such dancing, usually with music, sometimes in the form of a story.
The company of persons who perform this dance.

ballet /bælˈeɪ/ /bælˈæɪ/ /bɐleː/ /bɐlɪː/ /bɛlˈæɪ/ /ˈbal.eɪ/ /ˈbal.ɪ/ /ˈbæl(ˌ)eɪ/ v
baletować

ballet flat ballet flats n
balerinka balerina
A type of women's flat with a very low heel, thin sole, and round toe.

ballet master ballet masters n
baletmistrz baletmistrzyni

ballet shoe ballet shoes n
baletka

balletomane /bæˈlɛt.əˌmeɪn/ /bəˈlɛt.əˌmeɪn/ balletomanes n
baletoman
A ballet enthusiast.

balletomania n
baletomania

ballista /bəˈlɪstə/ ballistae ballistas ballistæ n
balista
(weaponry, historical) An ancient military engine, in the form of a crossbow, used for hurling large missiles.

ballistic /bəˈlɪs.tɪk/ more ballistic most ballistic adj
balistyczny
(not comparable) Of or relating to ballistics.

ballistic missile ballistic missiles n
pocisk balistyczny rakieta balistyczna
(military, rocketry) A missile that is initially guided, but then follows a ballistic (freely falling) trajectory.

ballistician ballisticians n
balistyk

ballistics /bəˈlɪst.ɪks/ n
balistyka
(physics) The science of objects that predominantly fly under the effects of gravity, momentum and atmospheric drag, and dealing with details of their behaviour at the origin and destination of their flight, as of bullets or missiles or rockets.

ballistite /ˈbæl.əˌstaɪt/ n
balistyt

ballistocardiogram ballistocardiograms n
balistokardiogram

ballistocardiograph ballistocardiographs n
balistokardiograf

ballistocardiographic adj
balistokardiograficzny

ballistocardiography n
balistokardiografia

ballonet /baləˈnɛt/ /ˈbalənɛt/ ballonets n
balonet

balloon /bəˈlun/ /bəˈluːn/ balloons n
balon
An inflatable buoyant object, often (but not necessarily) round and flexible.
Such an object as a child’s toy or party decoration.
Such an object designed to transport people or equipment through the air.
A type of glass cup, sometimes used for brandy.

balloon payment balloon payments n
rata balonowa

ballooning /bəˈluːnɪŋ/ balloonings n
baloniarstwo
(uncountable) The sport or hobby of flying in a hot-air balloon.

balloonish more balloonish most balloonish adj
baloniasty balonowaty

balloonist balloonists n
baloniarz
A person who flies in balloons, especially in hot-air balloons.

balloonlike more balloonlike most balloonlike adj
baloniasty balonowaty

ballot /ˈbælət/ ballots n
głosowanie balot balotaż
The process of voting, especially in secret; a round of voting.

ballot /ˈbælət/ v
balotować
(intransitive) To vote or decide by ballot.

ballotade ballotades n
balotada

ballpoint pen ballpoint pens n
długopis
A pen, similar in size and shape to a pencil, having an internal chamber filled with a viscous, quick-drying ink that is dispensed at the tip during use by the rolling action of a metal sphere (around 0.7 mm to 1 mm in diameter).

ballroom /ˈbɔːlɹuːm/ /ˈbɔːlɹʊm/ ballrooms n
sala balowa
A large room used for dancing and banquets.

ballroom dancing n
taniec towarzyski
formal social dancing in couples, popular as a recreation and also as a competitive activity. The ballroom dance repertoire includes dances developed from old European folk dances such as the waltz and minuet, Latin American dances such as the tango, rumba, and cha-cha, and dances of 20th-century origin such as the foxtrot and quickstep.

balls /bɔːlz/ n
jaja
(uncountable, vulgar, colloquial) Masculinity, particularly strength, courage, and force of will; chutzpah; brazenness.
(uncountable, Britain, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Commonwealth, Hawaii) Synonym of bollocks, nonsense.
(UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Commonwealth, Hawaii, vulgar) A balls-up; a botched job.

balneo- prefix
balneo-

balneological adj
balneologiczny

balneologist balneologists n
balneolog

balneology balneologies n
balneologia
The study of baths and bathing, especially therapeutic bathing.

balneotherapeutic more balneotherapeutic most balneotherapeutic adj
balneoterapeutyczny

balneotherapy balneotherapies n
balneoterapia
The treatment of disease by bathing.

baloney /bəˈloʊni/ /bəˈləʊni/ n
nonsens
(uncountable, chiefly, US, slang) Nonsense.

balrog /ˈbal.ɹɒɡ/ /ˈbæl.ɹɑɡ/ /ˈbɑl.ɹɑɡ/ /ˈbɔl.ɹɑɡ/ /ˈbɔːl.ɹɒɡ/ balrogs n
balrog
(fantasy) A fiery demonic creature.

balsa /ˈbæl.sə/ /ˈbɑlsə/ /ˈbɔːl.sə/ balsas n
balsa
A large tree, Ochroma pyramidale, native to tropical America, with wood that is very light in weight.
(uncountable) The wood of this tree.

balsam /ˈbɔːlsəm/ balsams n
balsam
(chiefly, UK) A sweet-smelling oil or resin derived from various plants.
(chiefly, UK) A soothing ointment.
(chiefly, UK, figuratively) Something soothing.
niecierpek
A flowering plant of the genus Impatiens.

balsam fir balsam firs n
jodła balsamiczna
A North American species of fir tree (Abies balsamea).

balsam of Peru n
balsam peruwiański

balsamic /ˌbɔːlˈsæmɪk/ adj
balsamiczny
Having the health-giving properties of balsam; soothing, restorative.
Having the pleasant odour of balsam; balmy, fragrant.

balsamic vinegar balsamic vinegars n
ocet balsamiczny
A dark, sweet vinegar, made from reduced white wine, that has been matured in wooden barrels, the resins of which contribute to its flavour; especially such a vinegar from Modena in Italy.

balsamically adv
balsamicznie

baluster /ˈbæl.ʌ.stɹ/ balusters n
balas tralka balasek balaska
(architecture) A short column used in a group to support a rail, as commonly found on the side of a stairway; a banister. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

balustrade /ˈbæl.ə.stɹeɪd/ /ˌbæl.əˈstɹeɪd/ balustrades n
balustrada
A row of balusters topped by a rail, serving as an open parapet, as along the edge of a balcony, terrace, bridge, staircase, or the eaves of a building.

bam /bæm/ interjection
bach
Representing a loud noise or heavy impact.
Representing a sudden or abrupt occurrence.

bamboo /bæmˈbu/ adj
bambus bambusowy
Made of the wood of the bamboo.

bamboo /bæmˈbu/ bamboos n
bambus
(uncountable) The wood of the bamboo plant as a material for building, furniture, etc.
(slang) A didgeridoo.

bamboo antshrike bamboo antshrikes n
zebrzak czubaty
A passerine bird of the antbird family, Cymbilaimus sanctaemariae

bamboo shoot bamboo shoots n
pęd bambusa
(chiefly, in the plural) The edible shoot of any of several species of bamboo (especially of the genera Dendrocalamus and Phyllostachys), cooked and eaten as a vegetable in Chinese and similar cuisine.

bamboozle /bæm.ˈbuː.zl̩/ v
napuszczać napuścić wrabiać wrobić wykiwać
(transitive, informal) To con, defraud, trick, to make a fool of, to humbug or impose on someone.

ban /bæn/ [beən] [bɛən] bans n
zakaz ban
Prohibition.
ban
A subdivision of currency, equal to one hundredth of a Romanian leu.
A subdivision of currency, equal to one hundredth of a Moldovan leu.
A title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century.

ban /bæn/ [beən] [bɛən] v
zabraniać zakazywać zabronić zakazać banować zbanować
(transitive) To prohibit; to interdict; to proscribe; to forbid or block from participation.

banal /bəˈnæl/ /bəˈnɑːl/ /ˈbeɪnəl/ banaler banalest more banal most banal adj
banalny
Common in a boring way, to the point of being predictable; containing nothing new or fresh.
(uncommon, historical) Relating to a type of feudal jurisdiction or service.

banalisation banalisations n
banalizacja
The action of making something banal; trivialization.

banality /beɪˈnælɪti/ /bəˈnælɪti/ banalities n
banalność
(uncountable) The quality of being banal.
banalność banał
(countable) Something which is banal.

banalize v
banalizować zbanalizować
(transitive) To make banal or commonplace.

banally more banally most banally adv
banalnie
In a banal, trite or boring manner.

banana /bəˈnæ.nə/ /bəˈnɑː.nə/ bananas n
banan
An elongated curved tropical fruit of a banana plant, which grows in bunches and has a creamy flesh and a smooth skin.
banan bananowiec
The tropical tree-like plant which bears clusters of bananas, a plant of the genus Musa (but sometimes also including plants from Ensete), which has large, elongated leaves.
bananowy
(uncountable) A yellow colour, like that of a banana's skin.

banana boat banana boats n
banan
(nautical) An inflatable recreational boat meant for towing, often yellow and banana-shaped.
bananowiec
(nautical) A ship designed to transport bananas.

banana peel banana peels n
skórka od banana
(Canadian, US, Philippines) The several outermost layers of a banana, especially once removed from the rest of the banana, which may be slippery if stepped on. (This sense is a translation hub.)

banana republic banana republics n
republika bananowa
(politics, idiom, pejorative) A small country, especially one in Central America or the West Indies, that is dependent on a single export commodity (traditionally bananas) and that has a corrupt, dictatorial government.

bananaless adj
bez banana

bananalike more bananalike most bananalike adj
bananowaty

bananaquit bananaquits n
cukrzyk
A nectar-feeding bird, Coereba flaveola, thought to be related to the Darwin's finches and the grassquits.

bananery /bə.ˈnɑːn.ə.ɹi/ bananeries n
bananownia

band /bænd/ [beənd] bands n
grzbiet
A strip along the spine of a book where the pages are attached.
taśma
A strip of material wrapped around things to hold them together.
pasmo
A continuous tablet, stripe, or series of ornaments, as of carved foliage, of colour, or of brickwork.
(physics) A part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
banda zespół
A group of people loosely united for a common purpose (a band of thieves).
zespół
(Canada) A group of aboriginals that has official recognition as an organized unit by the federal government of Canada.

band-aid /ˈbændeɪd/ band-aids n
plaster przylepiec
(Australia, Canada, US) An adhesive bandage, a small piece of fabric or plastic that may be stuck to the skin in order to temporarily cover a small wound.

bandage /ˈbændɪd͡ʒ/ bandages n
bandaż
A strip of gauze or similar material used to protect or support a wound or injury.

bandage /ˈbændɪd͡ʒ/ v
bandażować obandażować zabandażować
To apply a bandage to something.

bandana /bænˈdæn.ə/ bandanas n
bandana
A large kerchief, usually colourful and used either as headgear or as a handkerchief, neckerchief, bikini, or sweatband.

bandeau /ˈbandəʊ/ /ˈbændəʊ/ bandeaus bandeaux n
bandeau
A narrow, tight bra, especially when strapless; hence, any women's top made from a similar band of fabric.

banderilla /ˌbæn.də.ˈɹiː.jə/ banderillas n
banderilla
(bullfighting) A decorated barbed stick used in bullfighting to stick into the bulls' shoulders.

banderole banderoles n
banderola chorągiewka
A little banner, flag, or streamer.
banderola filakteria
(architecture) A flat band with an inscription, common in Renaissance buildings.

bandicoot /ˈbændiˌkut/ /ˈbændɪˌkuːt/ bandicoots n
jamraj
A small Australian marsupial with a distinctive long snout, of the family Peramelidae (with the exception of genus Macrotis, called bilbies).

bandit /ˈbændɪt/ bandits n
bandyta bandytka rozbójniczka rozbójnik
One who robs others in a lawless area, especially as part of a group.

banditry banditries n
bandyctwo bandytyzm
Acts characteristic of a bandit; armed robbery.

bandmaster bandmasters n
dyrygent dyrygentka kapelmistrz
(music) The conductor of a musical ensemble, especially a brass or military band.

bandog /ˈbandɒɡ/ bandogs n
bandog
(specifically) A type of large, ferocious dog, bred by crossing American pit bull terriers with Neapolitan mastiffs.

bandoneon bandoneons n
bandoneon
(musical instruments) A small Latin American accordion played with buttons which is frequently used in tango ensembles.

bandstand /ˈbænd.stænd/ bandstands n
estrada
A small, open-air platform or enclosure for bands to play on, usually roofed.

bandura /bænˈduɹə/ /bænˈdʊəɹə/ banduras n
bandura
A Ukrainian plucked stringed instrument with a tear-shaped body, like an asymmetrical lute or a vertical zither, which is played with both hands while held upright on the lap.

bandurist bandurists n
bandurzysta bandurzystka

bandwagon /ˈbændˌwæɡ.ən/ bandwagons n
platforma
A large wagon used to carry a band of musicians in a parade.

bandwagon effect n
owczy pęd
(sociology) the observation that people often do or believe what they think many other people do.

bandwidth /ˈbændwɪdθ/ /ˈbændwɪtθ/ bandwidths n
przepustowość
(of a signal) The width of the smallest frequency band within which the signal can fit.
(networking, informal) The rate of data flow in digital networks typically measured in bits per second; the bitrate.

bandy /ˈbændi/ bandier bandiest adj
krzywonogi szpotawy
Bowlegged, having knees bending outward.

bandy /ˈbændi/ bandies n
bandy
(sports, uncountable) A winter sport played on ice, from which ice hockey developed.

baneberry baneberries n
czerniec
A flowering plant of the genus Actaea (syn. Cimicifuga).

baneful more baneful most baneful adj
zgubny
Harmful, injurious.

bang /beɪŋ(ɡ)/ /bæŋ(ɡ)/ bangs n
huk trzask łoskot
A sudden percussive noise.
wybuch
An explosion.
wykrzyknik
(chiefly, US) The symbol !, known as an exclamation point.
(mathematics) A factorial, in mathematics, because the factorial of n is often written as n!

bang one's head against a brick wall v
walić głową w mur walić głową w ścianę
(intransitive, idiomatic) To waste effort on a futile project.

bangs /bæŋ(ɡ)z/ n
grzywka
(chiefly, _, US, Philippines) Hair hanging over the forehead.

banish /ˈbænɪʃ/ v
wyganiać wygnać banitować wygonić wypędzać wypędzić
(heading) To send someone away and forbid that person from returning.

banishee banishees n
banita banitka

banishment /ˈbænɪʃmənt/ banishments n
wygnanie banicja
The act of banishing.
banicja wygnanie
The state of being banished, exile.

banister /ˈbænɪstɚ/ banisters n
poręcz
The handrail on the side of a staircase.

banjo /ˈbæn.dʒəʊ/ /ˈbæn.d͡ʒoʊ/ banjoes banjos n
banjo bandżo
A stringed musical instrument (chordophone), usually with a round body, a membrane-like soundboard and a fretted neck, played by plucking or strumming the strings.

bank /bæŋk/ [beɪŋk] banks n
brzeg
(hydrology) An edge of river, lake, or other watercourse.
bank
(countable) A branch office of such an institution.
(countable) An underwriter or controller of a card game.
(gambling, countable) The sum of money etc. which the dealer or banker has as a fund from which to draw stakes and pay losses.
(countable) In certain games, such as dominos, a fund of pieces from which the players are allowed to draw.
(countable, mostly, in combination) A safe and guaranteed place of storage for and retrieval of important items or goods.

bank account bank accounts n
konto bankowe rachunek bankowy
A fund, held by a bank in a contractual arrangement between the bank and the owner of the fund, a customer of the bank, into which they can deposit and from which they can withdraw money.

bank loan bank loans n
kredyt bankowy

bank money bank moneys n
pieniądz bankowy pieniądz banku

bank run bank runs n
panika bankowa
An event where many depositors of one or more banks withdraw money from their bank accounts within a short time, causing the banks concerned to become unstable.

bank statement bank statements n
wyciąg bankowy
A communication from a bank to a person holding an account in that bank, usually issued monthly, detailing the value of the holdings in that account and the effects of all transactions occurring with respect to that account.

bankbook /ˈbæŋkˌbʊk/ bankbooks n
książeczka oszczędnościowa
passbook, chequebook
(transferred sense) wealth

banker /ˈbæŋkə(ɹ)/ /ˈbæŋkɚ/ bankers n
bankier bankierka
One who conducts the business of banking; one who, individually, or as a member of a company, keeps an establishment for the deposit or loan of money, or for traffic in money, bills of exchange, etc.

banker's acceptance banker's acceptances n
akcept bankierski akcept bankowy weksel z akceptem

bankerdom n
bankierstwo

banking /ˈbæŋkɪŋ/ bankings n
bankowość
The business of managing a bank.
The occupation of managing or working in a bank.

banknote banknotes n
banknot
A piece of currency made of paper or polymer. [from 18th c.]

bankrupt /ˈbæŋ.kɹəpt/ /ˈbæŋ.kɹʌpt/ /ˈbæŋk.ɹəpt/ /ˈbæŋk.ɹʌpt/ more bankrupt most bankrupt adj
zbankrutowany
Having been legally declared insolvent.

bankrupt /ˈbæŋ.kɹəpt/ /ˈbæŋ.kɹʌpt/ /ˈbæŋk.ɹəpt/ /ˈbæŋk.ɹʌpt/ bankrupts n
bankrut bankrutka
One who becomes unable to pay his or her debts; an insolvent person.

bankruptcy /ˈbæŋk.ɹʌp(t).si/ bankruptcies n
bankructwo upadłość plajta niewypłacalność
(finance, law) A legally declared or recognized condition of insolvency of a person or organization.

banksia /ˈbæŋksɪə/ banksias n
banksja

bankster /ˈbæŋkstə/ banksters n
bankster

banner /ˈbænə/ /ˈbænɚ/ /ˈbæːnə/ adj
znakomity
Exceptional; very good.

banner /ˈbænə/ /ˈbænɚ/ /ˈbæːnə/ banners n
flaga sztandar
A flag or standard used by a military commander, monarch or nation.
(by extension) The military unit under such a flag or standard.
transparent
Any large sign, especially when made of soft material or fabric.
sztandar transparent
A large piece of cloth with a slogan, motto, or emblem carried in a demonstration or other procession or suspended in some conspicuous place.
baner banner
(Internet, television) A type of advertisement on a web page or on television, usually taking the form of a graphic or animation above or alongside the content.

banns /bænz/ n
zapowiedzi
The announcement of a forthcoming marriage (legally required for a church wedding in England and Wales and read on the three Sundays preceding the marriage).

banovina banovinas n
banowina

banquet /ˈ bænkwɪt/ /ˈ bæŋkwɪt/ /ˈ bæŋkɪt/ banquets n
bankiet biesiada
A large celebratory meal; a feast.

banquet /ˈ bænkwɪt/ /ˈ bæŋkwɪt/ /ˈ bæŋkɪt/ v
bankietować
(intransitive) To participate in a banquet; to feast.

banqueteer banqueteers n
bankietowicz bankietowiczka biesiadniczka biesiadnik

banshee /bænˈʃiː/ /ˈbænʃiː/ banshees n
szyszymora
(Irish and Scottish, _, folklore) A female spirit, usually taking the form of a woman whose mournful wailing warns of an impending death.

bantamweight bantamweights n
waga kogucia
(boxing) A weight class in boxing and other sports, intermediate between flyweight and featherweight. In boxing it ranges from 112 to 118 pounds (51 to 54 kg).

banter /ˈbæntə/ /ˈbæntɚ/ n
przekomarzanie się
Sharp, good-humoured, playful, typically spontaneous conversation.

banter /ˈbæntə/ /ˈbæntɚ/ v
przekomarzać się
(intransitive) To engage in banter or playful conversation.
(transitive) To tease (someone) mildly.
robić psikus zrobić psikus
(intransitive) To play or do something amusing.

bantustan /ˈbæntuˌstæn/ /ˈbɑntuˌstɑn/ /ˌbantuːˈstan/ /ˌbantuːˈstɑːn/ /ˌbæntuˈstæn/ /ˌbɑntuˈstɑn/ bantustans n
bantustan
(originally, _, South Africa, historical) Any of ten former territories defined as homelands for black South Africans under apartheid policy

banya /ˈbɑːnjə/ banyas n
bania
A type of steam bath, popular in Russia (and in some parts of Alaska as well).

banyan /ˈbæn.jən/ banyans n
banian figowiec bengalski
A tropical Indian fig tree, Ficus benghalensis, that has many aerial roots.

baobab /ˈbaʊbæb/ /ˈbeɪoʊˌbæb/ /ˈbeɪə(ʊ)bab/ baobabs n
baobab
A tree, Adansonia digitata, native to tropical Africa, having a broad swollen trunk and edible gourd-like hanging fruits.

baptism /ˈbæptɪzəm/ baptisms n
chrzest
A Christian sacrament, by which one is received into a church and sometimes given a name, generally involving the candidate to be anointed with or submerged in water.

baptism of desire n
chrzest pragnienia
(Christianity) The grace given to a believer who ardently desires baptism, but dies before being able to receive it.

baptismal font /bæpˈtɪzməl ˈfɑnt/ baptismal fonts n
chrzcielnica baptysterium
(Christianity) A large basin used for baptism in or near a church.

baptismal name baptismal names n
imię chrzcielne
A name given at baptism (christening).

baptistry baptistries n
baptysterium
(Christianity) A designated space within a church, or a separate room or building associated with a church, where a baptismal font is located, and consequently, where the sacrament of Christian baptism (via aspersion or affusion) is performed.

baptize /ˈbæptaɪz/ [bap.ˈtajz] [ˈbæp.tajz] v
chrzcić
(Christianity) To perform the sacrament of baptism by sprinkling or pouring water over someone or immersing them in water.

bar /baː/ /bɑɹ/ /bɑː/ [bɑɹ] [bɑ˞] bars n
bar
A non-SI unit of pressure equal to 100,000 pascals, approximately equal to atmospheric pressure at sea level.
bar knajpa gospoda piwiarnia
(mathematics) The sign indicating that the characteristic of a logarithm is negative, conventionally placed above the digit(s) to show that it applies to the characteristic only and not to the mantissa.
(music) A vertical line across a musical staff dividing written music into sections, typically of equal durational value.
bar
The counter of such premises.
A counter, or simply a cabinet, from which alcoholic drinks are served in a private house or a hotel room.
adwokatura palestra
(law, metonym, "the Bar", "the bar") Collectively, lawyers or the legal profession; specifically applied to barristers in some countries, but including all lawyers in others.

bar /baː/ /bɑɹ/ /bɑː/ [bɑɹ] [bɑ˞] barred v
bar adwokatura palestra
(transitive) To obstruct the passage of (someone or something).
adwokatura palestra
(transitive) To prohibit.
(transitive) To lock or bolt with a bar.
bar knajpa gospoda piwiarnia
To imprint or paint with bars, to stripe.

bar line bar lines n
kreska taktowa
(music) A vertical line in musical notation used to separate two bars or measures.

bar mitzvah /ˌbɑː(ɹ)ˈmɪts.və/ b'nai mitzvah bar mitzvahs n
bar micwa
(Judaism) A Jewish coming of age ceremony for boys.

bar-crested antshrike bar-crested antshrikes n
chronka pasiasta
A passerine bird of the antbird family, Thamnophilus multistriatus

bar-headed goose bar-headed geese n
gęś tybetańska
A species of goose (Anser indicus)

bar-tailed godwit bar-tailed godwits n
szlamnik szlamnik rdzawy
A wader, Limosa lapponica, a type of godwit, of the Scolopacidae family

barbarian /bɑɹ.ˈbɛəɹ.i.ən/ /bɑː(ɹ).ˈbɛə.ɹi.ən/ adj
barbarzyński
Relating to people, countries, or customs perceived as uncivilized or inferior.

barbarian /bɑɹ.ˈbɛəɹ.i.ən/ /bɑː(ɹ).ˈbɛə.ɹi.ən/ barbarians n
barbarzyńca
(historical) A non-Greek or a non-Roman citizen.
(derogatory) Someone from a developing country or backward culture.
A cruel, savage, inhumane, brutal person; one without pity or empathy.
barbarzyńca barbarzynka
An uncivilized or uncultured person, originally compared to the hellenistic Greco-Roman civilisation; often associated with fighting or other such shows of strength.

barbaric /bɑː(ɹ)ˈbæɹɪk/ /bɑː(ɹ)ˈbɛɹɪk/ more barbaric most barbaric adj
barbarzyński
of or relating to a barbarian; uncivilized, uncultured or uncouth

barbarically more barbarically most barbarically adv
barbarzyńsko

barbarisation barbarisations n
barbaryzacja

barbarism /ˈbɑɹbəˈɹɪzm̩/ /ˈbɑː(ɹ)bəɹɪz(ə)m/ barbarisms n
barbaryzm
An error in language use within a single word, such as a mispronunciation.

barbarity /bɑː(ɹ)ˈbæɹɪti/ barbarities n
barbarzyństwo
(uncountable) The state of being barbarous; brutality

barbarize /ˈbɑː(ɹ)bəɹaɪz/ v
barbaryzować barbaryzować się zbarbaryzować
(transitive) To cause to become savage or uncultured.
barbaryzować się
(intransitive) To adopt a foreign or barbarous mode of speech.

barbarously more barbarously most barbarously adv
barbarzyńsko

barbarousness barbarousnesses n
barbarzyńskość
The state or quality of being barbarous.

barbecue /ˈbɑɹbɪˌkju/ /ˈbɑːbɪˌkjuː/ barbecues n
grill barbecue ruszt
A fireplace or pit for grilling food, typically used outdoors and traditionally employing hot charcoal as the heating medium.
grill grillowanie barbecue
A meal or event highlighted by food cooked in such an apparatus.

barbecue /ˈbɑɹbɪˌkju/ /ˈbɑːbɪˌkjuː/ v
grillować
To cook food on a barbecue; to smoke it over indirect heat from high-smoke fuels.

barbecue sauce /- sɔːs/ /ˈbɑːbɪkjuː sɔːs/ /ˈbɑːɹbəkjuː sɑːs/ barbecue sauces n
barbecue sos barbecue
A fruity, tangy, usually brown sauce, typically consisting of a vinegar or tomato base with spices and sweeteners, used as a basting sauce, marinade, or condiment, especially for barbecued meat.

barbed wire /bɑɹbd waɪəɹ/ [ˈbɑɹbd ˈwa.jɚ] barbed wires n
drut kolczasty
Twisted strands of steel wire, often coated with zinc, having barbs evenly spaced along them; used to construct agricultural and military fences.

barbel /ˈbɑːbəl/ barbels n
brzana
(biology) Whisker-like sensory organs, located around the mouth of certain fish, including catfish, carp, goatfish, sturgeon, and some types of shark.

barbell barbells n
sztanga
A wide steel bar with premeasured weights affixed to either end, with the central span open for the hands of the weightlifter.

barber /ˈbɑɹ.bɚ/ /ˈbɑː.bə/ barbers n
fryzjer golibroda balwierz golarz fryzjerka balwierka
A person whose profession is cutting (usually male) customers' hair and beards.

barber surgeon barber surgeons n
balwierz cyrulik
(historical) A medical practitioner of medieval Europe, generally charged with looking after soldiers during or after a battle.

barberry /ˈbɑɹbɛɹi/ barberries n
berberys kwaśnica
Any of the thorny shrubs of genus Berberis, which bear yellow flowers and red or blue-black berries.

barbershop barbershops n
zakład fryzjerski
(countable) The place of business of a barber; a store where a person (usually a male) can go to get a haircut.

barbican /ˈbɑː(ɹ)bɪkən/ barbicans n
barbakan rondel
A tower at the entrance to a castle or fortified town.

barbiturate /ˌbɑɹbɪˈt(j)ʊəɹeɪt/ /ˌbɑɹbɪˈt(j)ʊəɹɪt/ /ˌbɑɹˈbɪt(j)u.ɪt/ /ˌbɑɹˈbɪt͡ʃu.ɪt/ /ˌbɑː(ɹ)ˈbɪt͡ʃəɹeɪt/ /ˌbɑː(ɹ)ˈbɪt͡ʃəɹɪt/ barbiturates n
barbiturat
(organic compound) Any salt or ester of barbituric acid.
barbituran
(pharmaceutical drug) Any of derivatives of barbituric acid that act as depressants of the central nervous system and are used as sedatives or hypnotics.

barbituric adj
barbiturowy
(organic chemistry) Of or pertaining to barbituric acid or its derivatives.

barbituric acid /ˌbɑɹ.bɪˌt(j)ʊɹ.ɪk ˈæs.ɪd/ /ˌbɑː.bɪˌtjʊə.ɹɪk ˈas.ɪd/ /ˌbɑː.bɪˌt͡ʃʊə.ɹɪk ˈas.ɪd/ n
kwas barbiturowy
(organic compound) A heterocyclic compound derived from pyrimidine that is the basis of all barbiturate drugs.

barcarole /ˈbɑɹkəˌɹoʊl/ /ˈbɑːkəɹəʊl/ /ˌbɑːkəˈɹəʊl/ barcaroles n
barkarola
(music) A Venetian folk song traditionally sung by gondoliers, often in 6⁄8 or 12⁄8 time with alternating strong and weak beats imitating a rowing motion. [from late 18th c.]
(music) A piece of music composed in imitation of such a song. [from late 18th c.]

barchan /bɑː(ɹ)ˈkɑːn/ /bɑː(ɹ)ˈxɑːn/ barchans n
barchan
An arc-shaped sand ridge comprising well-sorted sand.

barcode /ˈbɑː(ɹ)kəʊd/ barcodes n
kod kreskowy kod paskowy
Any set of machine-readable parallel bars or concentric circles, varying in width, spacing, or height, encoding information according to a symbology.

barcode reader barcode readers n
skaner kodów kreskowych
(computing) An electronic device that can read and output printed barcodes to a computer.

bard /bɑɹd/ /bɑːd/ bards n
bard
A professional poet and singer, like among the ancient Celts, whose occupation was to compose and sing verses in honor of the heroic achievements of princes and brave men.

bardiche /bɑː(ɹ)ˈdiːʃ/ /ˈbɑː(ɹ)diːʃ/ bardiches n
berdysz
A poleaxe with a long blade that extends beyond the shaft.

bardo /ˈbɑɹdoʊ/ /ˈbɑːdəʊ/ bardos n
bardo
(Tibetan, _, Buddhism) The state of existence between death and subsequent reincarnation.

bare one's teeth v
szczerzyć
(idiom, by extension) To show aggression.

bareback /ˈbɛəbæk/ /ˈbɛɚbæk/ adv
na oklep
Without a saddle.

barefoot /ˈbæɹfʊt/ /ˈbɑːɹfʊt/ /ˈbɛəfʊt/ /ˈbɛɹfʊt/ adj
bosy
Wearing nothing on the feet.

barefoot /ˈbæɹfʊt/ /ˈbɑːɹfʊt/ /ˈbɛəfʊt/ /ˈbɛɹfʊt/ adv
boso na bosaka
Wearing nothing on the feet.

barely /ˈbɛə(ɹ).li/ /ˈbɛɹ.li/ adv
ledwo ledwie tylko
(degree) By a small margin.
ledwo ledwie
(degree) Almost not at all.

barfly /bɑɹflaɪ/ /bɑːflaɪ/ barflies n
ćma barowa
(slang, pejorative) a person who spends much time in a bar or similar drinking establishment

bargain /-ɡɪn/ /ˈbɑːɡən/ /ˈbɑːɹɡən/ bargains n
okazja
An agreement between parties concerning the sale of property; or a contract by which one party binds himself to transfer the right to some property for a consideration, and the other party binds himself to receive the property and pay the consideration.
An item purchased for significantly less than the usual, or recommended, price

bargaining chip bargaining chips n
karta atutowa karta przetargowa
Someone or something used as a leverage in negotiations.

bargaining power bargaining powers n
pozycja przetargowa siła przetargowa

barge /bɑɹd͡ʒ/ /bɑːd͡ʒ/ barges n
barka tratwa
A large flat-bottomed towed or self-propelled boat used mainly for river and canal transport of heavy goods or bulk cargo.
barka
A large flat-bottomed coastal trading vessel having a large spritsail and jib-headed topsail, a fore staysail and a very small mizen, and having leeboards instead of a keel.
szalupa
One of the boats of a warship having fourteen oars

bariatric /ˌbæɹiˈætɹɪk/ adj
bariatryczny
Referring to the branch of medicine bariatrics, the treatment of obesity and weight problems.

bariatrician /bæɹi.əˈtɹɪʃən/ /bɛɹi.əˈtɹɪʃən/ bariatricians n
bariatra
(medicine) A specialist in bariatrics.

bariatrics n
bariatria

baric /ˈbæɹɪk/ adj
baryczny

baric /ˈbæɹɪk/ /ˈbɛəɹɪk/ adj
barowy

barista /baˈɹi.sta/ /baˈɾi.sta/ /bəˈɹiː.stə/ /bəˈɹɪ.stə/ /bɚˈi.stə/ /bɚˈɪ.stə/ baristas baristi n
barista baristka
A person who prepares coffee in a coffee shop for customers.

barite barites n
baryt
(mineral) A mineral, barium sulphate, with the chemical formula BaSO4.

baritone /ˈbæɹ.ɪ.toʊn/ /ˈbɛɹ.ɪ.toʊn/ baritones n
baryton
The male voice between tenor and bass.
The musical range between tenor and bass.
A person, instrument, or group that performs in the range between tenor and bass.

baritone saxophone baritone saxophones n
saksofon barytonowy
A member of the saxophone family of woodwind instruments that is smaller than the bass saxophone but larger than the tenor saxophone, with a range of D♭2 to A4 or similar.

barium /ˈbɛəɹɪəm/ bariums n
bar
The chemical element (symbol Ba) with an atomic number of 56. It is a soft, reactive, silvery alkaline earth metal.

bark /bɑɹk/ /bɑːk/ barks n
szczekanie
The short, loud, explosive sound uttered by a dog, a fox, and some other animals.
kora łub
(countable, uncountable) The exterior covering of the trunk and branches of a tree.

bark /bɑɹk/ /bɑːk/ v
szczekać
(intransitive) To make a short, loud, explosive noise with the vocal organs (said of animals, especially dogs).
(intransitive) To make a clamor; to make importunate outcries.

bark beetle bark beetles n
kornik

bark up the wrong tree v
skupiać się na złej sprawie
(idiomatic) To do, believe, or pursue something wrong or inappropriate; to take the wrong approach; to follow a false lead; to blame or rebuke the wrong person.

barking dogs seldom bite proverb
krowa, która dużo ryczy, mało mleka daje pies, co bardzo szczeka, nie bardzo kąsa
People who make threats rarely carry them out.

barkless adj
bez kory
Without bark (the tree covering).

barley /ˈbɑɹli/ /ˈbɑːli/ barleys n
jęczmień
A cereal of the species Hordeum vulgare, or its grains, often used as food or to make beer and other malted drinks.

barmaid /ˈbɑː(ɹ).meɪd/ barmaids n
barmanka
A woman who serves in a bar. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

barn /bɑrn/ [baɾn] [baːn] [bɐːn] [bɑɹn] [bɑɻn] [bɑːn] [bɒən] barns n
stodoła
(agriculture) A building, often found on a farm, used for storage or keeping animals such as cattle.
barn
(nuclear physics) A unit of surface area equal to 10−28 square metres.

barn door barn doors n
drzwi stodoły
The large door of a barn.

barn owl /ˈbɑɹn ˌaʊəl/ /ˈbɑːn ˌaʊl/ barn owls n
płomykówka
An owl of the species Tyto alba, often having a white face and commonly found in barns and other farm buildings.

barn swallow barn swallows n
dymówka
Hirundo rustica, the most widespread species of swallow in the world; a distinctive passerine bird with blue upperparts, a long, deeply forked tail and curved, pointed wings, is found in Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas.

barnacle /ˈbɑɹnəkl̩/ /ˈbɑːnəkl̩/ barnacles n
wąsonóg
A marine crustacean of the subclass Cirripedia that attaches itself to submerged surfaces such as tidal rocks or the bottoms of ships.

baro- prefix
baro-

barocyclonometer barocyclonometers n
barocyklonometr

barogram barograms n
barogram

barograph barographs n
barograf

barometer /bəˈɹɑ.mə.tɚ/ /bəˈɹɒm.ɪ.tə(ɹ)/ /bəˈɹɔm.ɪ.tə(ɹ)/ [bəˈɹɑ.mə.ɾɚ] [bəˈɹɔm.ɪ.ɾə(ɹ)] barometers n
barometr
An instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure.
barometr wskaźnik
(figurative, by extension) Anything used as a gauge or indicator.

barometric /ˌbæɹəˈmɛtɹɪk/ adj
barometryczny
Of or pertaining to atmospheric pressure.
Made or done with a barometer

baron /ˈbæɹən/ /ˈbɛəɹən/ baroness barons n
baron
(by extension) A person of great power in society, especially in business and politics.
(UK, prison slang) A prisoner who gains power and influence by lending or selling goods such as tobacco.
A baron of beef, a cut made up of a double sirloin.

baroness /ˌbæ.ɹəˈnɛs/ baronesses n
baronessa baronowa
A woman holding a baronial title in her own right; a female ruler of a barony.

baronet /bæɹə.ˈnɛt/ baronetess baronets n
baronet
The bearer of a hereditary title, below a peerage and senior to most knighthoods, accompanied by the titular prefix "Sir" (for men) or "Dame" (for women) which is used in conjunction with the holder's Christian name. It is inheritable, usually by the eldest son, although a few baronetcies can also pass through the female line.

baronetcy baronetcies n
baronat baronostwo baroństwo
The rank of a baronet.

baronial /bəˈɹəʊnɪəɫ/ more baronial most baronial adj
baronowski baroński
Belonging or relating to a baron or barons.

barony /ˈbæ.ɹə.ni/ baronies n
baronia
The domain of a baron or baroness, usually as part of a larger kingdom or empire.

baroque /bæˈɹɒk/ /bəˈɹoʊk/ baroquer baroquest adj
barokowy
Embellished with figures and forms such that every level of relief gives way to more details and contrasts.

baroquely more baroquely most baroquely adv
barokowo

baroqueness n
barok barokowość

baroreceptor baroreceptors n
baroreceptor
(anatomy) A nerve ending that is sensitive to changes in blood pressure

barostat barostats n
barostat

barque /bɑɹk/ /bɑːk/ barques n
bark
A sailing vessel of three or more masts, with all masts but the sternmost square-rigged, the sternmost being fore-and-aft-rigged

barquentine barquentines n
barkentyna
(nautical) A sailing vessel similar to a barque, but fore-and-aft (schooner) rigged on the mainmast

barrack /ˈbeɹ.ək/ /ˈbæɹ.ək/ /ˈbɛɹ.ək/ barracks n
koszary
(military, chiefly, in the plural) A building for soldiers, especially within a garrison; originally referred to temporary huts, now usually to a permanent structure or set of buildings.
barak
(US) A (structure with a) movable roof sliding on four posts, to cover hay, straw, etc.

barracuda /ˌbæɹəˈkuːdə/ barracuda barracudas n
barakuda
Any large marine fish of the genus Sphyraena that have elongated bodies, a projecting lower jaw, displaying prominent fang-shaped teeth, and are aggressive predators.

barrage /bəˈɹɑʒ/ /ˈbæɹɑːdʒ/ /ˈbæɹɑːʒ/ /ˈbæɹɪdʒ/ barrages n
grobla zapora
An artificial obstruction, such as a dam, in a river designed to increase its depth or to divert its flow.
ogień zaporowy
(military) A heavy curtain of artillery fire directed in front of one's own troops to screen and protect them.
lawina
(by extension) An overwhelming outburst of words, especially of criticism.

barrator /ˈbæɹətɚ/ barrators n
pieniacz pieniaczka
One who is guilty of barratry, vexing others with frequent and often groundless lawsuits; a brangler and pettifogger.

barratry /ˈbæɹətɹi/ barratries n
pieniactwo
The act of persistently instigating lawsuits, often groundless ones.
barateria
(admiralty, _, legal) Unlawful or fraudulent acts by the crew of a vessel, harming the vessel's owner.

barre chord barre chords n
chwyt barowy
(music) A guitar chord played by pressing down multiple strings on the fretboard.

barred warbler barred warblers n
jarzębatka
Sylvia nisoria, an Old World warbler.

barrel /ˈbæɹ(ə)l/ /ˈbæɹəl/ /ˈbæɹəɫ/ /ˈbɛɚəl/ [ˈbæɹəɫ] [ˈbɛɚəɫ] barrels n
beczka
(countable) A round (cylindrical) vessel, such as a cask, of greater length than breadth, and bulging in the middle, made of staves bound with hoops, and having flat ends (heads). Sometimes applied to a similar cylindrical container made of metal, usually called a drum.
baryłka
The quantity which constitutes a full barrel: the volume or weight this represents varies by local law and custom.
lufa
A metallic tube, as of a gun, from which a projectile is discharged.

barrel knot barrel knots n
węzeł baryłkowy

barrel of laughs barrels of laughs n
beczka śmiechu

barrel organ barrel organs n
katarynka
A musical instrument in which air from a bellows is admitted to a set of pipes by means of pins inserted into a revolving barrel (typically turned by a crank), originating in France.

barrel organist barrel organists n
kataryniarz
Someone who plays a barrel organ.

barrel roll barrel rolls n
beczka
(aviation) An aerobatic flying maneuver in which the pilot causes the airplane to complete one loop in the same time that the airplane completes one roll, creating the appearance that the airplane is riding on the inside of a cylinder.

barrelful barrelfuls barrelsful n
beczka
As much as a barrel will hold.

barrellike more barrellike most barrellike adj
baryłkowaty baryłkowy beczkowaty beczkowy

barren /ˈbæɹən/ barrener barrenest more barren most barren adj
bezpłodny niepłodny
(of people and animals, not comparable) Not bearing children, childless; hence also unable to bear children, sterile.
bezpłodny jałowy
(of places) Of poor fertility, infertile; not producing vegetation; desert, waste.
Unproductive, fruitless, unprofitable; empty, hollow, vain.

barren /ˈbæɹən/ barrens n
pustkowie
An area of low fertility and habitation, a desolate place.

barrenly more barrenly most barrenly adv
bezpłodnie

barrenness barrennesses n
bezpłodność
The property of being barren; the property of not supporting life.

barricade /ˌbæɹɪˈkeɪd/ /ˌbɛɹɪˈkeɪd/ barricades n
barykada
A barrier constructed across a road, especially as a military defence
An obstacle, barrier, or bulwark.

barricade /ˌbæɹɪˈkeɪd/ /ˌbɛɹɪˈkeɪd/ v
barykadować zabarykadować
to close or block a road etc., using a barricade
to keep someone in (or out), using a blockade, especially ships in a port

barrier /ˈbæɹi.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈbæɹi.ɚ/ /ˈbɛɹi.ɚ/ barriers n
bariera barierka
A structure that bars passage.
bariera przeszkoda
An obstacle or impediment.
bariera
A boundary or limit.

barrier reef barrier reefs n
rafa barierowa
A reef separated from the adjacent coast by a channel or lagoon.

barrier to entry barriers to entry n
próg wejścia
(figurative, by extension) An impediment that prohibits the use, adoption, application, etc. of (something).
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see barrier,‎ to,‎ entry.

barrierless adj
bezbarierowy

barrierlessness n
brak barier

barrister /ˈbæɹ.ɪst.ə(ɹ)/ barristers n
adwokat adwokatka
(chiefly, UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand) A lawyer with the right to speak and argue as an advocate in higher lawcourts.

barrow /ˈbæ.ɹəʊ/ /ˈbæɹ.oʊ/ /ˈbɛɚ.oʊ/ /ˈbɛɹ.oʊ/ barrows n
taczka taczki
(British) A small vehicle used to carry a load and pulled or pushed by hand.
kastrowany wieprz
(obsolete, _, except in scientific use and in some dialects) A castrated boar.
kopiec kurhan
A mound of earth and stones raised over a grave or graves.

bars /ˈbɑː(ɹ)z/ n
krata
(sports) An event in gymnastics using bars.

bartender /ˈbɑɹˌtɛndɚ/ /ˈbɑːˌtɛndə(ɹ)/ bartenders bartendress n
barman barmanka
One who tends a bar or pub; a person preparing and serving drinks at a bar. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

barter /ˈbɑɹtɚ/ /ˈbɑː(ɹ)tə(ɹ)/ [ˈbɑɹɾɚ] barters n
barter
An exchange of goods or services without the use of money.

bary- prefix
bary-

barycenter barycenters n
barycentrum środek ciężkości
(physics) The center of a mass; often specifically, the point at which the gravitational forces exerted by two objects are equal

barycentric adj
barycentryczny
Of or pertaining to a centre of gravity.

baryon /ˈbæɹiɒn/ /ˈbɛəɹiɒn/ baryons n
barion
(particle) A heavy subatomic particle created by the binding of quarks by gluons; a hadron containing three quarks. Baryons have half-odd integral spin and are thus fermions. This category includes the common proton and neutron of the atomic nucleus.

baryonic adj
barionowy
Of, pertaining to, or composed of baryons.

barysphere baryspheres n
barysfera

bas-relief /ˈbæs.ɹɪˌlif/ /ˈbæs.ɹɪˌliːf/ /ˈbɑ.ɹɪˌlif/ /ˈbɑs.ɹɪˌliːf/ /ˈbɑː.ɹɪˌliːf/ /ˌbæs.ɹɪˈlif/ /ˌbɑ.ɹɪˈlif/ bas-reliefs n
płaskorzeźba
(sculpture) A low or mostly-flat sculpture which is carved into a wall, or is in the form of a tile mounted flat to a wall, rather than a fully three-dimensional, free-standing figure.

basalt /bəˈsɑlt/ /bəˈsɔlt/ /ˈbeɪˌsɑlt/ /ˈbeɪˌsɔlt/ /ˈbæs.ɑlt/ /ˈbæs.ɒlt/ /ˈbæs.ɔlt/ /ˈbæs.ɔːlt/ /ˈbæs.əlt/ basalts n
bazalt
(mineral) A hard mafic igneous rock of varied mineral content; volcanic in origin, which makes up much of the Earth's oceanic crust.

basaltic adj
bazaltowy
Of or pertaining to basalt.

basanite basanites n
bazanit

basanitic adj
bazanitowy

bascinet /ˈbæsɪˌnɛt/ /ˌbæsɪˈnɛt/ bascinets n
przyłbica
A light helmet, typically with a high, pointed skull, either open-faced (in early models) or made with a visor (later models).

bascule bridge bascule bridges n
most zwodzony
A movable bridge consisting of one or two opening leaves equipped with balancing and stabilizing counterweights that ease and speed up their operation.

base /beɪs/ /beːs/ bases n
baza podstawa fundament
Something from which other things extend; a foundation.
baza
The starting point of a logical deduction or thought; basis.
The place where decisions for an organization are made; headquarters.
(architecture) The lowermost part of a column, between the shaft and the pedestal or pavement.
(electronics) The name of the controlling terminal of a bipolar transistor (BJT).
(geometry) The lowest side of a triangle or other polygon, or the lowest face of a cone, pyramid or other polyhedron laid flat.
(topology) The set of sets from which a topology is generated.
(linguistics) A morpheme (or morphemes) that serves as a basic foundation on which affixes can be attached.
baza zasada
A permanent structure for housing military personnel and material.
(baseball) One of the four places that a runner can stand without being subject to being tagged out when the ball is in play.
zasada
(chemistry) Any of a class of generally water-soluble compounds that turn red litmus blue and react with acids to form salts.
podstawa
(mathematics) A number raised to the power of an exponent.

base /beɪs/ /beːs/ v
bazować
(transitive) To give as its foundation or starting point; to lay the foundation of.
(transitive) To be located (at a particular place).

base anhydride base anhydrides n
bezwodnik zasadowy

base camp base camps n
obóz bazowy
(climbing) An encampment used temporarily for storing supplies and preparing for a larger activity, such as mountain climbing or hunting.

base note base notes n
nuta bazowa
The heavily volatile and thus most-lasting parts of a perfume, often of ligneous, resinous or animalic nature

base pair base pairs n
para zasad
(biology) In molecular biology, two nucleotides on opposite complementary DNA or RNA strands that are connected via hydrogen bonds.

base station base stations n
stacja bazowa
(computing, networking) A radio receiver/transmitter that serves as the hub of the local wireless network, and may also be the gateway between a wired network and the wireless network.

baseball /ˈbeɪs.bɑl/ /ˈbeɪs.bɔl/ /ˈbeɪs.bɔːl/ baseballs n
baseball bejsbol
The ball used to play the sport of baseball.

baseball bat baseball bats n
baseball bejsbol
A long instrument, typically wood, metal, or plastic, which is swung to strike baseballs.

baseball cap /ˈbeɪs.bɑl ˌkæp/ /ˈbeɪs.bɔl ˌkæp/ /ˈbeɪs.bɔːl ˌkæp/ baseball caps n
baseballówka bejsbolówka
A cap with a rounded crown and a curved, stiffened bill at the front.

baseball player baseball players n
baseballista bejsbolista
One who plays baseball, especially professional baseball.

baseboard baseboards n
cokolik
(US) A similar panel at the base of a piece of furniture or equipment.

based /beɪst/ more based most based adj
baza
(slang, of a person) Not caring what others think about one's personality, style, or behavior; focused on maintaining individuality.

baselessly adv
bezpodstawnie bezzasadnie niesłusznie

baselessness n
bezpodstawność bezzasadność

basement /ˈbeɪsmənt/ basements n
piwnica suterena suteryna
A floor of a building below ground level.

baseword basewords n
podstawa słowotwórcza
(linguistics) A word used as a base, to whose stem affixes are added, forming new words.

bash /bæʃ/ bashes n
biba
(informal) A large party; a gala event.

bashi-bazouk /bæʃɪbəˈzuːk/ bashi-bazouks n
baszybuzuk
An irregular soldier of the Ottoman army, reputed to be undisciplined and brutal.

bashlyk /ˈbæʃ.lɪk/ bashlyks n
baszłyk
A protective cone-shaped hood with lappets for wrapping around the neck, used especially by Turks and Cossacks.

basic /ˈbeɪsɪk/ more basic most basic adj
podstawowy fundamentalny
Necessary, essential for life or some process.
podstawowy
Elementary, simple, fundamental, merely functional.
zasadowy
(chemistry) Of or pertaining to a base; having a pH greater than 7.

basic research n
badania podstawowe
Research performed without regard to practical applications.

basidiospore basidiospores n
bazydiospora
(biology) A sexually reproductive spore produced by fungi of the phylum Basidiomycota.

basidium /bəˈsɪdɪəm/ basidia n
podstawka
(mycology) A small structure, shaped like a club, found in the Basidiomycota division of fungi, that bears four spores at the tips of small projections. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

basil /ˈbeɪ.zəl/ /ˈbæz.əl/ basils n
bazylia
A plant (Ocimum basilicum).
The leaves of this plant used as a herb.

basilica /bəˈsɪlɪkə/ basilicae basilicas n
bazylika
(architecture) A Christian church building having a nave with a semicircular apse, side aisles, a narthex and a clerestory.

basilican more basilican most basilican adj
bazylikowy
Of, relating to, or resembling a basilica; basilical.

basilisk /ˈbæs.ɪ.lɪsk/ /ˈbæz.ɪ.lɪsk/ basilisks n
bazyliszek
(heraldiccharge) A type of dragon used in heraldry.
Any of the tree-dwelling of lizard of the genus Basiliscus: the basilisk lizard.

basin /ˈbeɪs(ə)n/ basins n
umywalka
A wide bowl for washing, sometimes affixed to a wall.
basen
(geography) An area of land from which water drains into a common outlet; drainage basin.

basis /ˈbeɪ.sɪs/ /ˈbæɪ.sɪs/ baseis bases basises n
podstawa
A starting point, base or foundation for an argument or hypothesis.

basis point basis points n
punkt bazowy
(finance) One hundredth of one percentage point.

basket /ˈbaːskət/ /ˈbæskət/ /ˈbæskɪt/ /ˈbɑːskɪt/ baskets n
kosz koszyk
A lightweight container, generally round, open at the top, and tapering toward the bottom.
(basketball) A circular hoop, from which a net is suspended, which is the goal through which the players try to throw the ball.
(basketball) The act of putting the ball through the basket, thereby scoring points.
koszyk
A dance movement in some line dances, where men put their arms round the women's lower backs, and the women put their arms over the men's shoulders, and the group (usually of four, any more is difficult) spins round, which should result in the women's feet leaving the ground.

basket case basket cases n
kłębek nerwów
(colloquial, potentially, _, offensive) One made powerless or ineffective, as by nerves, panic, stress or exhaustion; someone considered mentally unstable. [from 20th c.]

basketball /ˈbæs.kɪt.bɑl/ /ˈbæs.kɪt.bɔl/ /ˈbɑːs.kɪt.bɔːl/ basketballs n
koszykówka piłka do koszykówki piłka koszykowa kosz
(countable) The particular kind of ball used in the sport of basketball.

basketball player basketball players n
koszykarz koszykarka
A person who plays basketball, especially professionally.

basketmaker basketmakers n
koszykarka koszykarz
A person who weaves baskets.

basking shark basking sharks n
długoszpar rekin olbrzymi
A very large shark, Cetorhinus maximus, that feeds at or close to the surface by filtering plankton from the water and is found in all the world's temperate oceans.

basque /bæsk/ /bɑːsk/ basques n
baskina baskinka
A woman's close-fitting bodice, underbodice, or corset having such a feature.

bass /beɪs/ basser bassest adj
basowy
Of sound, a voice or an instrument, low in pitch or frequency.

bass /beɪs/ basses n
bas
A low spectrum of sound tones.
A section of musical group that produces low-pitched sound, lower than the baritone and tenor.
One who sings in the bass range.
(musical instrument) An instrument that plays in the bass range, in particular a double bass, bass guitar, electric bass or bass synthesiser.
klucz basowy
The clef sign that indicates that the pitch of the notes is below middle C; a bass clef.

bass /bæs/ bass basses n
okoń bass

bass /beɪs/ v
basować
To sound in a deep tone.

bass clarinet bass clarinets n
klarnet basowy
A bass instrument in the clarinet family.

bass clef /ˈbeɪsklɛf/ bass clefs n
klucz basowy
(music) A symbol showing that the second line from the top of the staff represents the F below middle C.

bass drum /ˈbeɪsˌdɹʌm/ bass drums n
bęben wielki
a large drum with a low pitch

bass guitar /ˈbeɪsɡɪˈtɑːɹ/ bass guitars n
gitara basowa bas
A long-necked and solid-bodied stringed instrument (chordophone), tuned to produce bass or low notes, usually with a fretted fingerboard and four thick strings, and requiring the use of an amplifier.

basset horn basset horns n
basethorn basetorn rożek basetowy
(musical instrument) An alto instrument of the clarinet family, pitched in F below middle C, with a range reaching down to F below that.

bassist /ˈbeɪs.ɪst/ bassists n
basista basistka
A musician who plays a bass instrument, especially the bass guitar.

bassline /ˈbeɪsˌlaɪn/ basslines n
bassline linia basowa

bassoon /bəˈsun/ /bəˈsuːn/ bassoons n
fagot
A musical instrument in the woodwind family, having a double reed and playing in the tenor and bass ranges.

bassoonist bassoonists n
fagocista fagocistka
A person who plays the bassoon, a musical instrument in the woodwind family.

basswood /ˈbæswʊd/ basswoods n
lipa
(US) Any of several trees of the genus Tilia; the lindens, especially Tilia americana, the American basswood.

bast /bæst/ /bɑːst/ basts n
łyko
Fibre made from the phloem of certain plants and used for matting and cord.

basta /ˈbɑstɑ/ interjection
basta
(obsolete, outside, Spanish/Portuguese/Italian contexts) (that's) enough; stop!

bastard /ˈbæs.tɚd/ /ˈbɑːs.təd/ bastards n
bękart bastard
(dated) A person who was born out of wedlock, and hence often considered an illegitimate descendant.
bastard krzyżówka mieszaniec
A mongrel (biological cross between different breeds, groups or varieties).
skurwiel skurwysyn sukinsyn bydlak bydlę cham
(vulgar,, _, , _, offensive, or, pejorative) A contemptible, inconsiderate, overly or arrogantly rude or spiteful person.

bastardization bastardizations n
bastardyzacja
The creation of offspring from two different species; cross-breeding.

bastion /ˈbæsti.ən/ /ˈbæst͡ʃən/ bastions n
bastion
(architecture) A projecting part of a rampart or other fortification.
A well-fortified position; a stronghold or citadel.
(figuratively) A person, group, or thing, that strongly defends some principle.

bastonade v
bastonada

bat /bæt/ bats n
nietoperz bijak kij
Any of the flying mammals of the order Chiroptera, usually small and nocturnal, insectivorous or frugivorous.
A club made of wood or aluminium used for striking the ball in sports such as baseball, softball and cricket.

bat /bæt/ v
nietoperz bijak kij
(intransitive) To take a turn at hitting a ball with a bat in sports like cricket, baseball and softball, as opposed to fielding.

bat house bat houses n
domek dla nietoperzy
A nest box for bats.

bat mitzvah /bɑt ˈmɪtsvə/ b'not mitzvah bat mitzvahs n
bat micwa
(Judaism) A Jewish coming of age ceremony for a girl.

bat-eared fox bat-eared foxes n
otocjon
Otocyon megalotis, a canid of the African savanna, with large black ears and tawny fur.

batch /bæt͡ʃ/ batches n
partia
The quantity of bread or other baked goods baked at one time.
partia wsad
(by extension) A quantity of anything produced at one operation.
stos
(computing) A set of data to be processed at one time.

bate /beɪt/ v
bejcować zabejcować
(transitive) To soak leather so as to remove chemicals used in tanning; to steep in bate.

bateau /bæˈtoʊ/ bateaux n
bat
A small, flat-bottomed type of boat.

bath /bæθ/ /bɐːθ/ /bɑːθ/ [baθ~bäθ] [bæθ~bɛəθ~beəθ] [bɑːt̪] [bɑːt̪ʰ] [bɑːθ] baths n
wanna kąpiel
A tub or pool which is used for bathing: bathtub.
łazienka kąpiel
A building or area where bathing occurs.
kąpiel
The act of bathing.

bath /bæθ/ /bɐːθ/ /bɑːθ/ [baθ~bäθ] [bæθ~bɛəθ~beəθ] [bɑːt̪] [bɑːt̪ʰ] [bɑːθ] v
kąpać wykąpać
(transitive, Commonwealth) To wash a person or animal in a bath.

bath mat bath mats n
mata łazienkowa
A small mat used next to a bathtub to absorb water and thus prevent slipping.

bath salt bath salts n
sól do kąpieli
(chiefly, in the plural) Any of several inorganic salts sometimes added to bath water.

bathe /beɪð/ v
kąpać
(intransitive) To clean oneself by immersion in water or using water; to take a bath, have a bath.
(transitive) To clean a person by immersion in water or using water; to give someone a bath.
(transitive) To apply water or other liquid to; to suffuse or cover with liquid.

bathhouse bathhouses n
łaźnia
A building with baths for communal use.
przebieralnia szatnia
A building where swimmers can change clothes.

bathkeeper bathkeepers n
właściciel łaźni publicznej
The keeper of a public bath.

batho- prefix
bato- baty-

batholith batholiths n
batolit

batholithic more batholithic most batholithic adj
batolitowy

bathometer bathometers n
batometr batymetr
An instrument that measures the depth of water, used especially to measure the depth of ocean water.

bathophobia /ˌbæθəˈfəʊbiə/ n
batofobia
The fear of depths

bathrobe /ˈbæθ.ɹoʊb/ /ˈbɑːθ.ɹəʊb/ bathrobes n
szlafrok podomka
A robe usually made of terrycloth intended to be worn when one is still damp from bathing or when there is no immediate need to dress fully.

bathroom /ˈbæθ.ɹuːm/ /ˈbæθɹʊm/ /ˈbæθˌɹum/ /ˈbɑːθ.ɹuːm/ bathrooms n
łazienka
(chiefly, US, South Africa, Canada, Philippines, euphemism) A lavatory (area where one washes or bathes): a room containing a toilet and (typically but not necessarily) a bathtub.

bathroom break bathroom breaks n
przerwa na toaletę

bathroom scales n
waga łazienkowa
Flat floor-mounted scales (usually stored in the bathroom) used to measure one's own weight.

bathtub /ˈbæθtʊb/ /ˈbæθtʌb/ /ˈbɑːθtʌb/ bathtubs n
wanna
A large container for holding water in which a person may bathe (take a bath).

bathyal /ˈbeɪθi.əl/ /ˈbæθi.əl/ adj
batialny

bathymetric adj
batymetryczny
Of, pertaining to, or derived from bathymetry.

bathymetry /bəˈθɪm.ə.tɹi/ bathymetries n
batymetria
The measurement of the depths of the seas and oceans.

bathypelagic adj
batypelagial
(oceanography) Of or pertaining to the parts of the oceans at depths between 1000 and 4000 meters deep.

bathyphotometer bathyphotometers n
batyfotometr

bathyscaphe /ˈbæθɪˌskeɪv/ /ˈbæθɪˌskæf/ bathyscaphes n
batyskaf
A self-propelled deep-sea diving submersible for exploring the ocean depths, consisting of a crew cabin similar to a bathysphere suspended below a float filled with a buoyant liquid such as petrol.

bathysphere /ˈbæθɪˌsfɪə(ɹ)/ bathyspheres n
batysfera
A spherical steel deep-diving chamber with perspex windows, in which persons are lowered to the depths by a cable to study the oceans and deep-sea life; the precursor to the bathyscaphe

batik /bəˈtiːk/ batiks n
batik
A wax-resist method of dyeing fabric.

batik /bəˈtiːk/ v
batikować
To dye fabric using the wax-resist method.

batiste /bəˈtiːst/ batistes n
batyst
A fine cloth made from cotton or linen; cambric.

batman /ˈbæt.mən/ batmen n
ordynans
(military) A servant or valet to a military officer.

batmeat batmeats n
mięso nietoperza

baton /bəˈtɑn/ /ˈbætn̩/ /ˈbætɒn/ /ˈbætən/ batons n
batuta pałka
(music) The stick of a conductor in musical performances.
pałeczka
(sports) An object transferred by runners in a relay race.
pałka
(cooking) A long slice of a vegetable, thicker than a julienne.

battalion /bəˈtælɪən/ battalions n
batalion baon
(military) An army unit having two or more companies, etc. and a headquarters. Traditionally forming part of a regiment.
(US, military) an army unit having two or more companies, etc. and a headquarters; forming part of a brigade.

batten /ˈbæt(ə)n/ /ˈbætən/ [-ɾən] battens n
listwa łata
(carpentry, construction) A plank or strip of wood, or several of such strips arranged side by side, used in construction to hold members of a structure together, to provide a fixing point, to strengthen, or to prevent warping.
bidło
(weaving) The movable bar of a loom, which strikes home or closes the threads of a woof.
listwa
(nautical) A long, narrow strip, originally of wood but now also of fibreglass, metal, etc., used for various purposes aboard a ship; especially one attached to a mast or spar for protection, one holding down the edge of a tarpaulin covering a hatch to prevent water from entering the hatch, one inserted in a pocket sewn on a sail to keep it flat, or one from which a hammock is suspended.
sztankiet
A strip of wood holding a number of lamps; especially (theater) , one used for illuminating a stage; (by extension, also, attributive) a long bar, usually metal, affixed to the ceiling or fly system and used to support curtains, scenery, etc.

batter /ˈbætə/ /ˈbætəɹ/ [ˈbæɾɚ] batters n
ciasto
(cooking, countable, uncountable) A beaten mixture of flour and liquid (usually egg and milk), used for baking (e.g. pancakes, cake, or Yorkshire pudding) or to coat food (e.g. fish) prior to frying.
pałkarz
(baseball) The player attempting to hit the ball with a bat.

battering ram battering rams n
taran
A modern device, usually in the form of a metal bar with handles, chiefly used by police and firefighters to force open locked doors.

battery /ˈbæt.ə.ɹi/ /ˈbæt.ɹi/ batteries n
bateria akumulator
(countable, electronics) A device used to power electric devices, consisting of a set of electrically connected electrochemical or, archaically, electrostatic cells. A single such cell when used by itself.
bateria
(countable) A coordinated group of artillery weapons.
An array of similar things.
(chess) Two or more pieces working together on the same rank, file, or diagonal

battery-powered adj
akumulatorowy
Fitted with a battery or batteries, which provide(s) the power to operate the device.

batteryless adj
bezbateryjny

battle /ˈbætl̩/ /ˈbætəl/ [bætɫ̩] [ˈbatʰɫ̩] [ˈbæɾɫ̩] battles n
bitwa walka bój batalia
(military) A general action, fight, or encounter, in which all the divisions of an army are or may be engaged; a combat, an engagement.
batalion
(military, now, rare) A division of an army; a battalion.
bitwa walka
(military, obsolete) The main body of an army, as distinct from the vanguard and rear; the battalia.

battle axe battle axes n
topór bojowy
An ancient military weapon, an axe designed for combat, including (in, _, heraldiccharge) when borne on arms as a mark of prowess.
harpia herod-baba hetera kobieton megiera
(informal, sometimes, humorous) A domineering, antagonistic woman.

battle cry battle cries n
okrzyk bojowy
(military) An exclamation troops yell out when going to war or battle.

battle piece battle pieces n
dzieło o bitwie
(arts) A painting, or a musical composition, representing a battle.

battlecruiser battlecruisers n
krążownik liniowy
(military, nautical) A fast warship with thicker armor and heavier guns than a typical cruiser, but with armor, armament, or both still inferior to that of a dreadnought battleship; designed to act as an advanced scout of the battle fleet and to destroy enemy cruisers.
(fiction) A warship of intermediate size and/or capability between a heavy cruiser and a (light) battleship.

battledore battledores n
kijanka
(historical) A wooden paddle-shaped bat or beetle used to wash clothes by beating, stirring, or smoothing them.

battlefield battlefields n
pole bitwy pobojowisko
The area where a land battle is or was fought, which is not necessarily a field.

battlement [ˈbætəɫmənt] battlements n
blanki krenelaż
In fortification: an indented parapet, formed by a series of rising members called cops or merlons, separated by openings called crenelles or embrasures, the soldier sheltering himself behind the merlon while he fires through the embrasure or through a loophole in the battlement.

battleplan battleplans n
plan bitwy
The planned strategy and tactics to be used in a battle.

battleship battleships n
pancernik
(science fiction, by extension) A starship of comparable role
(military, nautical, archaic) A ship of the line.
okręty statki
A guessing game played on grid paper; see Battleship (game).

battue /bæ-/ /bæˈtu/ /bəˈt(j)uː/ battues n
nagonka
(uncountable, hunting, often, attributively) A form of hunting in which game is forced into the open by the beating of sticks on bushes, etc. [from early 19th c.]

bauble /ˈbɑbəl/ /ˈbɔbəl/ [ˈbɒbəɫ] [ˈbɔːbəɫ] baubles n
bańka bombka
A small shiny spherical decoration, commonly put on Christmas trees.

baud /bɔːd/ bauds n
bod
(computing, telecommunications) A unit of data transmission symbol rate; the number of signalling events per second.

bauxite /ˈbɔːksaɪt/ bauxites n
boksyt
The principal ore of aluminium; a clay-like mineral, being a mixture of hydrated oxides and hydroxides.

bavaroise /bævəɹˈwɑz/ bavaroises n
bawarka
A drink of sweetened milk, eggs and tea, often with some sort of spirit.

bawdy /ˈbɑdi/ /ˈbɔdi/ /ˈbɔːdi/ bawdier bawdiest more bawdy most bawdy adj
obleśny sprośny
Obscene; filthy; unchaste. [from 15th Century]

bay /beɪ/ bayer bayest more bay most bay adj
gniady
(especially, of horses) Of a reddish-brown colour.

bay /beɪ/ bays n
zatoka
(geography) A body of water (especially the sea) more-or-less three-quarters surrounded by land.
gniadosz gniady maść gniada
A brown colour/color of the coat of some horses.
luk
An internal recess; a compartment or area surrounded on three sides.
luka nisza
The distance between two supports in a vault or building with a pitched roof.

bay bolete bay boletes n
podgrzybek brunatny
An edible, pored mushroom (Imleria badia), found in Europe and North America.

bay leaf bay leaves n
liść laurowy liść bobkowy
A herb derived from any of certain shrubs of the family Lauraceae and Myrtaceae.

bay window bay windows n
wykusz
(architecture) A window space projecting outward from the main walls of a building and forming a bay in a room.

bayadère /baɪəˈdɛː/ bayadères n
bajadera

bayan bayans n
bajan
A type of chromatic button accordion developed in Russia in the early 20th century.

bayonet /ˈbeɪənɛt/ /ˈbeɪənɪt/ /ˈbeɪənɪ̈t/ /ˈbeɪəˌnɛt/ /ˈbæɡənət/ /ˈbæɡənɛt/ /ˌbeɪəˈnɛt/ bayonets n
bagnet
(military) A pointed instrument of the dagger kind fitted on the muzzle of a musket or rifle, so as to give the soldier increased means of offence and defence. Originally, the bayonet was made with a handle, which needed to be fitted into the bore of the musket after the soldier had fired.
(engineering) A pin which plays in and out of holes made to receive it, and which thus serves to engage or disengage parts of the machinery.

bazaar /bəˈzɐː/ /bəˈzɑɹ/ /bəˈzɑː(ɹ)/ bazaars n
bazar rynek
A fair or temporary market, often for charity.

bazooka /bəˈzuːkə/ bazookas n
bazooka
(by extension) Any shoulder-fired rocket grenade launcher.

bcc bccs n
UDW
Initialism of blind carbon copy.

be /bi/ /biː/ v
być
(formal) Used with to-infinitives of verbs to express intent, obligation, appropriateness, or relative future occurrence.
Used with past participles of certain intransitive verbs to form the perfect aspect.
Used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase.
To occupy a place.
(now, usually, literary) To exist; to have real existence, to be alive.
As an intransitive lexical verb:
To occur, to take place.
(in perfect tenses) Elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar, also extending to certain other senses of "go".
być zostać
(auxiliary) Used with past participles of verbs to form the passive voice.
być mieć
Used to link a subject to a measurement.
być równać się to
(rare, and, regional, chiefly, in the past tense) Used to link two noun clauses, the first of which is a day of the week, recurring date, month, or other specific time (on which the event of the main clause took place), and the second of which is a period of time indicating how long ago that day was. [from 15th c.]
mieć być
(dynamic / lexical be, especially in progressive tenses, conjugated non-suppletively in the present tense, see usage notes) To exist or behave in a certain way.
(with a cardinal numeral) Used to state the age of a subject in years.
To remain undisturbed in a certain state or situation.

be able to v
umieć móc być w stanie
Can, to have the ability to.

be about v
być chodzić

be ashamed v
wstydzić
To feel ashamed. (This entry is a translation hub.)

be awake v
obudzony
To not sleep, to stay awake. (This entry is a translation hub.)

be bored v
nudzić
To suffer from boredom. (This entry is a translation hub.)

be born v
urodzić się rodzić się
To come into existence through birth.

be born yesterday v
spaść z księżyca
(informal, stative, chiefly in the negative) To be new, naive, innocent, inexperienced, or easily deceived.

be called v
nazywać nazywać się
To have a specific name.

be careful interjection
uważaj na siebie
Used to warn someone to proceed with caution.

be careful what you wish for phraseologicalUnit
uważaj, czego pragniesz uważaj na marzenia

be in for v
kroić się
(idiomatic) To be able to expect or anticipate; to be about to suffer, generally said of something unpleasant.

be late v
spóźniać spóźnić
(colloquial) To have one’s menstrual discharge late, implying successful nidation suspected.

be my guest v
droga wolna proszę
(idiomatic) Do as you wish; go ahead; help yourself; go for it!

be off with you phraseologicalUnit
idź precz
(dated) Go away; get out.

be oneself v
być sobą
(idiomatic) To behave or act naturally, without regard to how this behavior is perceived by others.

be riding for a fall v
robić coś ryzykownego

be right v
mieć słuszność mieć rację
To be correct in one's judgment or statement about something. (This entry is a translation hub.)

be right back /biː ɹaɪt bæk/ phraseologicalUnit
zaraz wracam
Used to indicate the speaker will return in a moment. Often abbreviated in online slang as BRB.

be sick v
chorować niedomagać
(informal) To vomit.

be silent v
milczeć
To refrain from speaking; to say nothing. (This entry is a translation hub.)

be supposed to /bi(ː) səˈpoʊs tə/ /bi(ː) səˈpoʊs ˌtu/ v
mieć powinien
(idiomatic) To intended to; to be expected to; to believed to.

be thankful for small mercies phraseologicalUnit
mogłoby być gorzej
Even though things are bad, you should remember that the situation could be worse and therefore be happy about the little things that are good.

be that as it may adv
bądź co bądź
(idiomatic) Even if that is the case; whether that is true or not; nevertheless.

be wrong v
być w błędzie mylić się
To have an incorrect belief, to be mistaken about one's judgment or statement concerning something. (This entry is a translation hub.)

beach /bit͡ʃ/ /biːt͡ʃ/ beaches n
plaża
A horizontal strip of land, usually sandy, adjoining water.

beach volleyball beach volleyballs n
siatkówka plażowa
(countable) The ball used to play this sport.

beachgoer beachgoers n
plażowicz plażowiczka
Someone who goes to the beach.

beachhead /ˈbiːt͡ʃhɛd/ beachheads n
przyczółek
(military) An area of hostile territory (especially on a beach) that, when captured, serves for the continuous landing (or movement into position) of further troops and material

beacon /ˈbiːkən/ beacons n
bakan baken
(nautical) A signal, buoy, post, or other conspicuous mark erected on an eminence near the shore, or moored in shoal water, as a guide to mariners, particularly to warn vessels of danger.

bead /biːd/ beads n
koralik paciorek
Each in a string of small balls making up the rosary or paternoster. [from 14thc.]
A small, round object.
Various small, round solid objects.
kropla
A small drop of water or other liquid. [from 16thc.]

beads /biːdz/ n
korale
A beaded necklace.

beak /biːk/ beaks n
dziób
A rigid structure projecting from the front of a bird's face, used for pecking, grooming, foraging, carrying items, eating food, etc.
A similar structure forming the jaws of a turtle, platypus, etc.

beaker /ˈbiːkə(ɹ)/ /ˈbiːkɚ/ beakers n
zlewka
A flat-bottomed vessel, with a lip, used as a laboratory container.
kubek
A drinking vessel without a handle, sometimes for the use of children.
A mug.

beam /biːm/ beams n
belka
(structural) Any large piece of timber or iron long in proportion to its thickness, and prepared for use.
(structural) One of the principal horizontal structural members, usually of steel, timber, or concrete, of a building.
(nautical) One of the transverse members of a ship's frame on which the decks are laid, and acting as part of the support for keeping the sides of the vessel in shape — supported at the sides by knees in wooden ships and by stringers in steel ones; cf. abeam, beam-ends.
(nautical) The maximum width of a vessel (note that a vessel with a beam of 15 foot can also be said to be 15 foot abeam).
promień
(physics) A ray or collection of approximately parallel rays emitted from the sun or other luminous body.
(figuratively) A ray; a gleam.

beam /biːm/ v
belkować obelkować
(ambitransitive) To emit beams of light; to shine; to radiate.
(transitive) To furnish or supply with beams.

beamless adj
bezpromienny
Not emitting light.

bean /biːn/ beans n
fasola
Any plant of several genera of the taxonomic family Fabaceae that produces large edible seeds or edible seedpods.
ziarno
(by extension) The bean-like seed of certain other plants, such as a vanilla bean or (especially) a coffee bean.

bean goose bean geese n
gęś zbożowa
Any of species Anser fabalis of grey geese, of family Anatidae.

beanie /ˈbiː.ni/ beanies n
czapka
A cap that fits the head closely, usually knitted from wool.

bear /beə/ /beː/ /bɑɹ/ /bɛə(ɹ)/ /bɛɚ/ /bɛː(r)/ /bɛː(ɹ)/ /ˈbiːə(r)/ [beə] [beə~bɪə] bears n
niedźwiedź niedźwiedzica miś
A large, generally omnivorous mammal (a few species are purely carnivorous or herbivorous), related to the dog and raccoon, having shaggy hair, a very small tail, and flat feet; a member of the family Ursidae.

bear /bɛə(ɹ)/ v
nosić cierpieć znosić zeznawać znieść
(transitive) To afford, to be something to someone, to supply with something.

bear cub bear cubs n
niedźwiadek
A young bear.

bear false witness v
krzywoprzysiąc krzywoprzysięgać krzywoprzysięgnąć
To give an untrue testimony; to lie despite one's oath e.g. in court.

bear in mind /bɛ(ə)ɹ‿ɪn ˈmaɪnd/ /bɛəɹ‿ɪn ˈmaɪnd/ /bɛːɹ-/ v
mieć na uwadze pamiętać patrzeć zważać zważyć
(transitive, idiomatic) To hold (something) in the memory; to remember; also, to be mindful of or pay attention to (something); to consider; to note.

bear market bear markets n
bessa
(finance) A stock market where a majority of investors are selling ("bears"), causing overall stock prices to drop.

bear witness v
świadczyć
To deliver a testimony, especially as witness

bearable /ˈbɛəɹəbəɫ/ adj
znośny do wytrzymania
Able to be borne; tolerable; endurable.

bearberry /ˈbɛəb(ə)ɹi/ bearberries n
mącznica
Any of four dwarf shrubs of formerly all members of the genus Arctostaphylos, three now assigned to genus Arctous, which principally grow in arctic and subarctic regions and bear edible berries.

beard /biɚd/ /bɜː(ɹ)d/ /bɪəd/ /bɪɹd/ beards n
broda
Facial hair on the chin, cheeks, jaw and neck.

bearded /ˈbiɚdəd/ /ˈbɪədəd/ /ˈbɪədɪd/ /ˈbɪɹdəd/ more bearded most bearded adj
brodaty
Having a beard; involving a beard.

bearded mussel bearded mussels n
omułek brodaty

bearded tit bearded tits n
wąsatka
A small passerine bird, Panurus biarmicus, of the family Timaliidae, or possibly the monotypic family Panuridae.

beardless more beardless most beardless adj
bezostny bezościsty
Lacking a beard.
gołobrody
(by extension, of a male) Not having reached puberty or manhood; youthful.
bezbrody
(ornithology) Lacking a beard (a defined patch of feathers below the beak).

beardline beardlines n
linia brody
(literally) The outline of a beard.

bearer bond bearer bonds n
obligacja na okaziciela
(legal) A negotiable loan instrument payable to its holder (bearer) by the issuer according to preset conditions. The owner must safeguard bearer bonds to prevent loss; interest is usually paid by coupon redemptions.

bearing /ˈbɛə̯ɹɪŋ/ /ˈbɛɹɪŋ/ bearings n
łożysko namiar
(mechanical engineering) A mechanical device that supports another part and/or reduces friction.
namiar
(navigation, nautical) The horizontal angle between the direction of an object and another object, or between it and that of true north; a heading or direction.

bearskin /ˈbɛə.skɪn/ /ˈbɛəɹ.skɪn/ bearskins n
bermyca
(countable) A tall ceremonial hat worn by members of some British regiments for ceremonial occasions; a busby.

beast /biːst/ beasts n
bestia zwierzę
(often, _, collective) All non-human animals seen as a group.
bestia bydlak bydlę
A person who behaves in a violent, antisocial or uncivilized manner.

beast of burden beasts of burden n
zwierzę juczne
A draught animal, such as a donkey, mule, llama, camel, horse, or ox, that carries or pulls a load for the benefit of a human.

beastliness beastlinesses n
bestialstwo bestializm bestialność

beat /biːt/ beats n
rytm
A rhythm.
bit
The instrumental portion of a piece of hip-hop music.

beat /biːt/ v
bić
(intransitive) To strike repeatedly; to inflict repeated blows; to knock vigorously or loudly.
(intransitive) To move with pulsation or throbbing.
To mix food in a rapid fashion. Compare whip.
(transitive) To indicate by beating or drumming.
To exercise severely; to perplex; to trouble.
To make a sound when struck.
pobić bić uderzać uderzyć
(transitive) To win against; to defeat or overcome; to do or be better than (someone); to excel in a particular, competitive event.

beat around the bush v
owijać w bawełnę
(idiomatic) To treat a topic, but omit its main points, often intentionally.
(idiomatic) To delay or avoid talking about something difficult or unpleasant.

beat as one /bit əz ˈwʌn/ /biːt əz ˈwɒn/ v
wczuwać się wczuć się
(idiomatic, especially of hearts) To share the same feelings.

beat one's breast v
bić się w piersi

beat one's meat v
walić konia

beat someone at their own game v
bić własną bronią pobić własną bronią

beat time v
wybijać rytm wybić rytm
(music) To measure or regulate time in music by the motion of the hand or foot.

beat to the punch v
wyprzedzać wyprzedzić
(transitive) To do something before somebody else is able to.

beat up v
pobijać pobić skuwać skuć
(transitive) To give a severe beating to; to assault violently with repeated blows.

beater /ˈbitɚ/ /ˈbiːtə/ [ˈbiɾɚ] beaters n
naganiacz
A person who drives game towards shooters in a hunting party, typically working in a group with other beaters.
bidło
A weaving tool designed to push the weft yarn securely into place. It contains the comb-like insert reed and is sometimes a part of the loom.

beatification /biˌætɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ beatifications n
beatyfikacja
The act of beatifying, or the state of being beatified; especially, in the Roman Catholic Church, the act or process of ascertaining and declaring that a deceased person is one of "the blessed," or has attained the second degree of sanctity, — usually a stage in the process of canonization.

beatify /biːˈætɪfaɪ/ v
beatyfikować
(transitive, Roman Catholicism) To carry out the third of four steps in canonization, making someone a blessed.

beating /ˈbiːtɪŋ/ beatings n
bicie uderzanie wpierdol
The pulsation of the heart.

beating heart beating hearts n
serce
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see beating,‎ heart.

beatnik /ˈbiːtnɪk/ beatniks n
beatnik bitnik
A person associated with the Beat Generation of the 1950s and 1960s or its style.

beau /boʊ/ /bəʊ/ beaus beaux n
dandys
(dated) A man with a reputation for fine dress and etiquette; a dandy or fop.

beautician /bjuːˈtɪ(t)ʃən/ beauticians n
kosmetyczka kosmetyk

beautifier beautifiers n
upiększacz upiększaczka
A person who or a thing which beautifies or makes beautiful.

beautiful /ˈbju.tɪ.fəl/ /ˈbjuːtɪ.fəl/ /ˈbjuːtɪ.fʊl/ [bju.ɾə.fəl] more beautiful most beautiful adj
piękny fajny
Attractive and possessing beauty.

beautifully /ˈbjuːtɪf(ə)li/ more beautifully most beautifully adv
pięknie uroczo urodziwie ładnie ślicznie
In a beautiful manner.

beautifulness beautifulnesses n
piękno
The quality of being beautiful; beauty.

beautify /ˈbjuː.tɪ.faɪ/ v
upiększać upiększyć
(transitive) To make beautiful; to increase the beauty of.

beauty /ˈbjuti/ /ˈbjuːti/ /ˈbuːti/ [-ɾi] [ˈb(j)ɪu̯ɾ̥ɪ] [ˈbju̟ti] [ˈbju̟ːɾi] beauties n
piękno krasa uroda krasota pięknota
The quality of being (especially visually) attractive, pleasing, fine or good-looking; comeliness.
piękność krasawica laska przystojniak urodziwiec
Someone who is beautiful.
piękność
Something that is particularly good or pleasing.

beauty and the beast n
piękniejsza i brzydsza osoba
Two individuals, usually but not necessarily romantically involved, one of whom is considerably more attractive than the other.

beauty is in the eye of the beholder /ˈbjuːti ɪz ɪn ðiː aɪ əv ðiː bɪˈhəʊldə/ proverb
nie to ładne, co ładne, ale to co się komu podoba
Different people have different views on what is beautiful; beauty is subjective.

beauty is only skin deep proverb
pozory mylą
What matters is a person's character, rather than their appearance.

beauty parlor beauty parlors n
salon urody
(US, Philippines) A salon where hairdressers, beauticians, and cosmeticians work.

beauty product beauty products n
kosmetyk

beauty queen beauty queens n
królowa piękności
(idiomatic) The female winner of a beauty contest.

beauty spot /ˈbjuti ˌspɑt/ /ˈbjuːtɪ ˌspɒt/ [-ɾi-] beauty spots n
pieg pieprzyk
A natural mark on a person's skin, especially a freckle or mole on a woman's face.
zakątek
(chiefly, Britain) A place noted for its beauty, especially its natural scenery.

beaver /ˈbivɚ/ /ˈbiːvə/ beaver beavers n
bóbr
(countable) A semiaquatic rodent of the genus Castor, having a wide, flat tail and webbed feet.
bobry
The fur of the beaver.

beavery beaveries n
bobrowisko bobrownia

bebop /ˈbiːbɒp/ n
bebop
(music genre) An early form of modern jazz played by small groups and featuring driving rhythms and complex, often dissonant harmonies.

because /biˈkɔz/ /biˈkʌz/ /bəˈkɔz/ /bəˈkʌz/ /bɪkəz/ /bɪˈkeɪz/ /bɪˈkɒz/ /bɪˈkɔz/ /bɪˈkɔːz/ /bɪˈkʌz/ adv
bo dlatego że gdyż ponieważ abociem albowiem
On account (of), for sake (of).
bo tak
(by ellipsis) Used alone to refuse to provide a full answer a question begun with "why", usually taken as an anapodoton of the elided full phrase "Because I said so".

because /biˈkɔz/ /biˈkʌz/ /bəˈkɔz/ /bəˈkʌz/ /bɪkəz/ /bɪˈkeɪz/ /bɪˈkɒz/ /bɪˈkɔz/ /bɪˈkɔːz/ /bɪˈkʌz/ conjunction
bo ponieważ gdyż dlatego że albowiem abociem
By or for the cause that; on this account that; for the reason that.

because of preposition
z powodu
On account of; due to, for the purpose of

beck and call n
na skinienie
Summons and control, in a position of servitude or as an attendant.

become /biˈkʌm/ /bəˈkʊm/ /bəˈkʌm/ /bɪˈkʊm/ /bɪˈkʌm/ v
stawać się zostać stać się zostawać
(transitive) To be proper for; to beseem. [from 13th c.]

becoming /bəˈkʌm.ɪŋ/ /bɪˈkʊm.ɪŋɡ/ /bɪˈkʌm.ɪŋ/ more becoming most becoming adj
twarzowy
pleasingly suitable; fit; congruous; beautiful

becquerel [bɛkəˈɹɛɫ] becquerels n
bekerel
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of radioactive activity; the activity of a quantity of radioactive material in which one nucleus decays per second. Symbol: Bq

bed /bed/ /bɛd/ [beː] beds n
łóżko
A piece of furniture, usually flat and soft, on which to rest or sleep.
A prepared spot in which to spend the night.
A shaped piece of timber to hold a cask clear of a ship’s floor; a pallet.
A place, or flat surface or layer, on which something else rests or is laid.
grzęda
A garden plot.
koryto łóżko
The bottom of a body of water, such as an ocean, sea, lake, or river. [from later 16thc.]
powierzchnia ładunkowa
The platform of a truck, trailer, wagon, railcar, or other vehicle that supports the load to be hauled.
pokład
A deposit of ore, coal, etc.

bed and breakfast bed and breakfasts n
pensjonat typu B&B pokój ze śniadaniem
A private home, guesthouse,small hotel etc. where guests are provided overnight accommodations and served breakfast but usually no other meals.

bed of roses /bɛd ʌv ˈɹəʊzəz/ beds of roses n
usłany różami

bedbug bedbugs n
pluskwa
A small nocturnal insect (Cimex lectularius), of the family Cimicidae, that feeds on the blood of humans and other warm-blooded hosts.

bedclothes n
pościel

beddable more beddable most beddable adj
seksowny
(informal) Sexually attractive.

bedding /ˈbɛdɪŋ/ [ˈbɛɾɪŋ] beddings n
pościel

beddy-bye n
lulu
(idiomatic, baby-talk, childish) Bedtime for a toddler, going to sleep, going to bed, sleeping.

bedeck /bɪˈdɛk/ v
okrasić ozdobić stroić zdobić
(transitive) To deck, ornament, or adorn; to grace.

bedlam /ˈbɛdləm/ bedlams n
bajzel
A place or situation of chaotic uproar, and where confusion prevails.

bedouin /ˈbɛd.wɪn/ bedouins n
beduin beduinka
A member of nomadic Arab tribes dwelling in the desert.

bedpan /ˈbɛd.ˌpæn/ bedpans n
basen
A pan used for urination and defecation while in bed, now usually for reasons of medical necessity or convenience.

bedridden /ˈbɛdɹɪdən/ adj
obłożnie chory przykuty do łóżka
Confined to bed because of infirmity or illness.

bedrock bedrocks n
skała macierzysta
(uncountable, geology, mining, engineering, construction) The solid rock that exists at some depth below the ground surface. Bedrock is rock "in place", as opposed to material that has been transported from another location by weathering and erosion.
fundament
(figurative) A basis or foundation.

bedroom /ˈbɛdɹʊm/ /ˈbɛdˌɹum/ bedrooms n
sypialnia szlafsztuba
A room in a house, apartment, hotel or other dwelling where a bed is kept for sleeping.

bedroom eyes n
uwodzicielskie oczy

bedsheet /ˈbɛdʃiːt/ bedsheets n
prześcieradło
A sheet, a piece of cloth cut and finished as bedlinen.

bedsore bedsores n
odleżyna
(medicine, usually, in the plural, dated) A lesion caused by unrelieved pressure to any part of the body, especially portions over bony or cartilaginous areas, such as frequently develops on a person confined to a bed by infirmity.

bedspread bedspreads n
kapa narzuta
The topmost covering of a bed, often functioning as a blanket.

bedstraw bedstraws n
przytulia
any plant of herb genus Galium of the madder family with small pointed leaves and hairy stems with small, white or yellow flowers

bedtime story /ˈbɛdtaɪm ˈstɔːɹi/ bedtime stories n
bajka na dobranoc
A fairy tale or other story read to somebody, usually a child, before they sleep.

bee /ˈbiː/ bees n
pszczoła
A flying insect, of the clade Anthophila within the hymenopteran superfamily Apoidea, known for its organised societies (though only a minority have them), for collecting pollen and (in some species) producing wax and honey.
be
The name of the Latin-script letter B.
spotkanie tłoka
A community gathering to share labour, e.g. a sewing bee or a quilting bee.

bee balm bee balms n
pysznogłówka
Other species in the genus Monarda.

bee fly bee flies n
bjanka
Any of the flies in the family Bombyliidae, with adults that look like bumblebees and larvae that are parasitic on the eggs or larvae of other insects.

bee-eater /ˈbiː iːtəɹ/ bee-eaters n
żołna
Any of various brightly-coloured, insectivorous, near-passerine birds in the family Meropidae, especially the European bee-eater, Merops apiaster.

beebread /ˈbiːˌbɹɛd/ n
pierzga
Bee pollen with added honey and bee secretions, made and stored in brood cells by forager bees, and used as food for worker bees and larvae.

beech /biːt͡ʃ/ beeches n
buk
A tree of the genus Fagus having a smooth, light grey trunk, oval, pointed leaves, and many branches.

beech marten beech martens n
kuna domowa
Martes foina, a marten of Eurasia.

beechmast /ˈbit͡ʃˌmæst/ /ˈbiːtʃˌmɑːst/ n
buczyna bukiew orzeszek buczynowy orzeszek bukowy

beechnut /ˈbiːt͡ʃˌnʌt/ beechnuts n
bukiew
The small, triangular, edible nut of the beech tree.

beechwood beechwoods n
buczyna
The wood of beech trees (Fagus spp.).
A wood largely populated with beech trees.

beef /bif/ /biːf/ beef beefs beeves n
wołowina
(in the meat industry, on, _, product packaging) The edible portions of a cow (including those which are not meat).

beefsteak /ˈbiːfˌsteɪk/ beefsteaks n
befsztyk
(countable, uncountable) (A) steak cut from beef cattle.
(countable) Ellipsis of beefsteak tomato.
(countable) Ellipsis of beefsteak mushroom.

beehive /ˈbiːhaɪv/ beehives n
ul
An enclosed structure in which some species of honey bees (genus Apis) live and raise their young.
A man-made structure in which bees are kept for their honey.

beekeeper /ˈbiˌkipɚ/ beekeepers n
pszczelarz pszczelarka pasiecznik
A person who maintains hives and keeps bees, especially for the production of honey.

beekeeping n
pszczelarstwo
The practice or profession of keeping and caring for bees.

beeline /ˈbiːlaɪn/ beelines n
najprostsza droga
(mining, chiefly, historical) A dynamite fuse made with a small quantity of dynamite powder along its length, so that the spark travels quickly and at a specific known rate.

beeper /ˈbipɚ/ /ˈbiːpə/ beepers n
biper
A pager (wireless telecommunication device).
Something that makes a beeping sound.

beer /bɛə/ /bɪə/ /bɪɚ/ /bɪɹ/ /bɪː/ beers n
piwo
(uncountable) An alcoholic drink fermented from starch material, commonly barley malt; often with hops or some other substance (like gruit) to impart a bitter flavor.
(countable) A glass, bottle, or can of any of the above beverages.

beer belly beer bellies n
mięsień piwny brzuszek piwny brzuszysko ciąża gastronomiczna kałdun
A protruding belly caused by excess fat stored in the abdomen and colloquially attributed to the consumption of beer.

beer garden beer gardens n
ogródek piwny
The outdoor section of a public house, where customers can sit in the sun and enjoy their beverages.

beer goggles /ˈbɪə ˌɡɒɡl̩z/ /ˈbɪɚ ˌɡɑɡ(ə)l/ n
wyższa atrakcyjność spodowowana przez alkohol
(idiomatic, originally, US, humorous, informal) The illusion that people are more sexually attractive, brought on by alcohol consumption.

beer mat beer mats n
podstawka
A small square cardboard mat, often with an advertisement for a brewery on it, that is used to rest one's glass on, and to protect the surface of a table or a bar in a pub.

beer muscles n
mięsień piwny
(idiomatic, humorous) A protruding stomach, supposedly indicative of excessive consumption of beer.

beer parlour beer parlours n
piwiarnia
(Canada) A bar, selling beer, that has tables where customers may congregate socially.

beerwurst n
bierwurst kiełbasa piwna
Bierwurst; a smoked, seasoned Brühwurst-sausage originally from Bavaria in Germany, with a garlicky flavor and dark red color.

beeswax /ˈbiːzwæks/ beeswaxes n
wosk pszczeli
A wax secreted by bees from which they make honeycomb; or, the processed form of this wax used in the manufacture of various goods.

beet /biːt/ beets n
burak
Beta vulgaris, a plant with a swollen root which is eaten or used to make sugar.

beetle /ˈbiːtəl/ [ˈbiɾəɫ] beetles n
chrząszcz żuk
Any of numerous species of insect in the order Coleoptera characterized by a pair of hard, shell-like front wings which cover and protect a pair of rear wings when at rest.

beetroot /ˈbit.ɹut/ /ˈbiː.tɹʉːt/ /ˈbiːt.ɹuːt/ [ˈbiː.t͡ʃɹʉːt] beetroots n
burak burak ćwikłowy
(UK, NZ, AU) A normally deep-red-coloured root vegetable usually cooked or pickled before eating; Synonym of beet.

before /biˈfɔɹ/ /bəˈfɔɹ/ /bɪˈfo(ː)ɹ/ /bɪˈfoə/ /bɪˈfɔɹ/ /bɪˈfɔː/ conjunction
zanim
In advance of the time when.

before /biˈfɔɹ/ /bəˈfɔɹ/ /bɪˈfo(ː)ɹ/ /bɪˈfoə/ /bɪˈfɔɹ/ /bɪˈfɔː/ preposition
przed nim
Earlier than (in time).
przed
In front of in space.
Under consideration, judgment, authority of (someone).
In front of, according to a formal system of ordering items.

before dark
przed zmrokiem
Before night begins to fall.

before the fact
przed przestępstwem
(law) Before the commission of a crime.

beforehand /bɪˈfo(ː)ɹhænd/ /bɪˈfoəhænd/ /bɪˈfɔɹhænd/ /bɪˈfɔːhænd/ adv
uprzednio wcześniej z góry zawczasu
At an earlier or preceding time.

befriending befriendings n
zaprzyjaźnienie się

beg /bɛɡ/ v
żebrać
(intransitive) To request the help of someone, often in the form of money.
błagać
(transitive) To plead with someone for help, a favor, etc.; to entreat.

beget /biˈɡɛt/ /bəˈɡɛt/ /bɪˈɡɛt/ v
spowodować
To cause; to produce.

beggar /ˈbɛɡə/ /ˈbɛɡɚ/ beggars n
żebrak żebraczka
A person who begs.
biedaczka biedak
A person suffering from extreme poverty.

beggar belief v
nie mieścić się w głowie

beggar-ticks n
uczep
Any of several plants, of the genus Bidens, having yellow flowers and prickly fruit.

beggars can't be choosers proverb
na bezrybiu i rak ryba jak się nie ma, co się lubi, to się lubi, co się ma lepszy rydz niż nic lepszy wróbel w garści niż gołąb na dachu lepszy wróbel w ręku niż cietrzew na sęku lepszy wróbel w ręku niż sokół na sęku
(idiom) Something is better than nothing: those who can't provide for themselves should accept whatever help is available.

beggary /ˈbɛɡəɹi/ beggaries n
żebractwo żebranie żebranina żebry
The fact or action of begging.

beggingly more beggingly most beggingly adv
błagająco błagalnie

begin /biˈɡɪn/ /bəˈɡɪn/ /bɪˈɡɪn/ v
zaczynać zacząć
(ambitransitive) To start, to initiate or take the first step into something.

beginner /bəˈɡɪnɚ/ /bɪˈɡɪnə/ beginners n
nowicjusz nowicjuszka początkujący debiutant adept adeptka
Someone who is just starting at something, or has only recently started.

beginner slope beginner slopes n
ośla łączka stok dla początkujących

beginning /bɪˈɡɪn.ɪŋ/ beginnings n
początek
(uncountable) The act of doing that which begins anything; commencement of an action, state, or space of time; entrance into being or upon a course; the first act, effort, or state of a succession of acts or states.
That which begins or originates something; the source or first cause.
The initial portion of some extended thing.

beginning of the end n
początek końca
The point when something starts to end or become worse.

begonia /bəˈɡoʊni.ə/ /bəˈɡəʊniː.ə/ begonias n
begonia
Any plant of the large genus of Begonia.

begrime /bəˈɡɹaɪm/ /bɪˈɡɹaɪm/ v
brudzić pobrudzić szargać ubrudzić zabrudzać zabrudzić
(transitive) To ingrain grime or dirt which is difficult to remove into (something); also (more generally) , to make (something) dirty; to soil.

beguine /beɪˈɡiːn/ /bə.ˈɡiːn/ beguines n
beguine
A ballroom dance, similar to a slow rumba, originally from French West Indies and popularized abroad largely through the song "Begin the Beguine"; the music for the dance.

behave /bəˈheɪv/ /bɪˈheɪv/ v
zachowywać postąpić postępować zachować się
(intransitive) To act, conduct oneself in a specific manner; used with an adverbial of manner.

behavior /bɪˈheɪvjə/ /bɪˈheɪvjɚ/ behaviors n
zachowanie behawior maniery postępowanie
(countable, uncountable) The way a living creature behaves or acts generally.
behawior zachowanie
(countable, uncountable, biology, psychology) Observable response produced by an organism.
zachowanie maniery postępowanie
(uncountable) The way a device or system operates.

behavioral adj
behawioralny
(American spelling) Of or relating to behavior.

behaviorism behaviorisms n
behawioryzm
An approach to psychology focusing on observable behavior which, generally assuming that behavior is determined by the environment and denying any independent significance for mind, largely ignores any pathophysiological processes which may, or may not, underlie subjective, behavioral phenomena.

behaviorist behaviorists n
behawiorysta

behavioristic more behavioristic most behavioristic adj
behawiorystyczny

behavioural /bɪˈheɪvjərəl/ /bɪˈheɪvjɚəl/ adj
behawioralny
(British spelling) Of or pertaining to behaviour.

behead /bɪˈhɛd/ v
ściąć głowę
(transitive) To deliberately remove the head of; to cut off (someone's) head.

beheading beheadings n
ścięcie kęsim
An instance of a person being beheaded.

behemoth /bəˈhi(ː).məθ/ /ˈbiː.əˌməθ/ behemoths n
Behemot
(Bible) A great and mighty beast which God shows to Job in Job 40:15–24.

behind /bəˈhaɪnd/ /bɪˈhaɪnd/ /ˈbiːˌhaɪnd/ behinds n
tył zad
The rear, back-end.
dupa zad
(informal) The buttocks, bottom, butt.

behind /bəˈhaɪnd/ /bɪˈhaɪnd/ /ˈbiːˌhaɪnd/ preposition
za po z tyłu
At or to the back or far side of.
po za
After in physical progress or distance.
After in time.
Less forward or advanced than; after.
za
Responsible for, being the creator or controller of.
(być) za za
In support of.

behind bars
za kratkami
(figuratively, idiomatic) In jail, in prison.

behind closed doors
za zamkniętymi drzwiami
(idiomatic) In private; in one's private life; lacking (normal) public disclosure, in camera.

behind the scenes /bəˈhaɪnd ðə siːnz/ /bɪˈhaɪnd ðə siːnz/
za kulisami
(idiomatic, figurative) In secret; out of public view.

behind the wheel
za kółkiem
In control of a vehicle; driving.

behold /bɪˈhoʊld/ /bɪˈhəʊld/ v
ujrzeć
To look at or see (someone or something), especially appreciatively; to descry, to look upon.

beholder /bɪˈhoʊldɚ/ /bɪˈhəʊldə/ beholders n
obserwator obserwatorka widz
Someone who observes or beholds; an observer or spectator.

beige /ˈbeɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈbeɪʒ/ beiger beigest more beige most beige adj
beż beżowy
Having a slightly yellowish gray colour, as that of unbleached wool.

beige /ˈbeɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈbeɪʒ/ beiges n
beżowy beż
A slightly yellowish gray colour, as that of unbleached wool.

beigely more beigely most beigely adv
beżowo

being /ˈbiŋ/ /ˈbiɪŋ/ /ˈbiːŋ/ /ˈbiːɪŋ/ beings n
istota stwór
A living creature.
bycie byt istnienie
The state or fact of existence, consciousness, or life, or something in such a state.

bejel n
franca francowata choroba francuska choroba kiła
Endemic syphilis, a chronic disease of skin and tissue caused by infection by a subspecies of the spirochete Treponema pallidum.

bel /bɛl/ bels n
bel
A measure of relative power, defined as log10(P 1/P 2), where P1 and P2 are the measured and reference power respectively.

belated /bɪˈleɪtɪd/ more belated most belated adj
opóźniony
Later in relation to the proper time something should have happened.

belatedly more belatedly most belatedly adv
poniewczasie
In a belated manner; tardily.

belch /ˈbɛltʃ/ v
bekać beknąć
(ambitransitive) To expel (gas) from the stomach through the mouth; especially, to do so loudly.

beleaguer /bəˈliː.ɡə/ /bɪˈli.ɡɚ/ /bɪˈliː.ɡə/ v
oblec oblegać obsadzać obsadzić obstąpić obstępować
To besiege; to surround with troops.

belemnite /ˈbɛləmˌnaɪt/ belemnites n
belemnit
(paleontology) Any member of the extinct order †Belemnitida of Mesozoic marine cephalopods, very similar in many ways to the modern squid and closely related to the modern cuttlefish.

belfry /ˈbɛlfɹi/ belfries n
dzwonnica
(architecture) A tower or steeple typically containing bells, especially as part of a church.

belief /bəˈliːf/ /bɪˈliːf/ beliefs n
przekonanie wiara
Mental acceptance of a claim as true.
(countable) Something believed.
wiara
Faith or trust in the reality of something; often based upon one's own reasoning, trust in a claim, desire of actuality, and/or evidence considered.
(uncountable) The quality or state of believing.
wiara wierzenie
(uncountable) Religious faith.
(in the plural) One's religious or moral convictions.

belief system belief systems n
system wierzeń
A system of beliefs; a set of beliefs with interrelations.

believe /bi-/ /bə-/ /bɪˈliv/ /bɪˈliːv/ v
przypuszczać sądzić myśleć
(transitive) To accept as true, particularly without absolute certainty (i.e., as opposed to knowing).
wierzyć
(transitive) To accept that someone is telling the truth.
To believe that (something) is right or desirable.
To have confidence in the ability or power of.
wierzyć przypuszczać sądzić myśleć
(intransitive) To have religious faith; to believe in a greater truth.
wierzyć w wierzyć
To ascribe existence to.

believe it or not adv
uwierz lub nie uwierzcie lub nie wierz lub nie wierzcie lub nie
(idiomatic) This may be surprising, but it's true.

believe me phraseologicalUnit
uwierz mi
Be assured; be certain.

believe one's ears v
wierzyć własnym uszom
(idiom, chiefly in the negative) To believe that something which one hears is truly the case.

believe one's eyes v
wierzyć własnym oczom
(idiom, chiefly in the negative) To believe that something which one directly sees is truly the case.

believe you me /bi-/ /bə-/ /bɪˈliv ju ˈmi/ /bɪˈliːv juː ˈmiː/ phraseologicalUnit
uwierz mi
(idiomatic) An emphatic form of believe me: you (the subject) had better believe me (the speaker).

believer /bɪˈlivɚ/ /bɪˈliːvə/ believers n
wierny wierzący wyznawca wyznawczyni
A person who believes; especially regarding religion.

belittle /bɪˈlɪt.əl/ v
bagatelizować lekceważyć zbagatelizować zlekceważyć
(transitive) To knowingly say that something is smaller or less important than it actually is, especially as a way of showing contempt or deprecation. [from 1782]

bell /bɛl/ bells n
dzwon dzwonek
A percussive instrument made of metal or other hard material, typically but not always in the shape of an inverted cup with a flared rim, which resonates when struck.
dzwonek
(chiefly, British, informal) A telephone call.
A signal at a school that tells the students when a class is starting or ending.
czara
(music) The flared end of a brass or woodwind instrument.
(architecture) The part of the capital of a column included between the abacus and neck molding; also used for the naked core of nearly cylindrical shape, assumed to exist within the leafage of a capital.

bell curve bell curves n
krzywa dzwonowa
(mathematics) The bell-shaped curve that is typical of the normal distribution. [from 1919]

bell jar bell jars n
dzwon szklany
A piece of laboratory equipment used for creating vacuums, often made of glass in a bell-like shape.
pokrywka
A bell-shaped glass used to cover and protect items such as food.

bell pepper bell peppers n
papryka
(North America, Philippines) Capsicum annuum, an edible spicy-sweet fruit, originating in the New World.

bell ringer bell ringers n
dzwonnik
A person, especially one of a group, who rings bells.

bell the cat v
narazić się
(idiomatic) To undertake a dangerous action in the service of a group.

bell tower bell towers n
dzwonnica
A tower in which a bell (or set of bells) is hung; a belfry.

bell-bottoms n
dzwony
(plurale tantum) Pants that are flared from the knee downwards, a characteristic style of the 1970s.

bell-gable bell-gables n
dzwonnica parawanowa
(architecture) An element crowning the upper end of the wall of a church and in which a bell is hung, usually in lieu of a campanile or bell tower.

bell-shaped more bell-shaped most bell-shaped adj
dzwonkowaty dzwonowaty
Having a shape or cross-section like the cross-section of a bell.

bellboy /ˈbɛlˌbɔɪ/ bellboys n
boy
A male worker, usually at a hotel, who carries luggage and runs errands.

belle /bɛl/ belles n
piękność
An attractive woman.

belles-lettres /ˌbɛlˈlɛtɹ(ə)/ n
literatura piękna beletrystyka
(archaic) Literature, particularly light compositions valued for their aesthetic properties.

belletrist belletrists n
beletrysta beletrystka
A person who writes or is concerned with belles-lettres

belletristic /bɛl.lɛˈtɹɪs.tɪk/ more belletristic most belletristic adj
beletrystyczny
Of, pertaining to, or having the characteristics of belles-lettres.

belletristically more belletristically most belletristically adv
beletrystycznie

bellflower bellflowers n
dzwonek
Any flowering plants in the genus Campanula.
Flowering plants in the genera, Campanulastrum, Codonopsis, or Platycodon, in the family Campanulaceae.

bellicism /ˈbɛlɪsɪzm̩/ n
wojowniczość
An inclination to war; warlike policy or behaviour.

bellicose /ˈbɛləkoʊs/ /ˈbɛlɪkoʊs/ more bellicose most bellicose adj
wojowniczy
Warlike in nature; aggressive; hostile.

belligerence belligerences n
wojowniczość
The state of being belligerent; aggressive inclination to war. [1804]

belligerent /bəˈlɪdʒ.(ə).ɹənt/ /bəˈlɪd͡ʒ.ə.ɹənt/ more belligerent most belligerent adj
walczący
Engaged in warfare, warring.
wojowniczy
Eager to go to war, warlike.
wojenny
Of or pertaining to war.
napastliwy
(by extension) Aggressively hostile, eager to fight.

belligerent /bəˈlɪdʒ.(ə).ɹənt/ /bəˈlɪd͡ʒ.ə.ɹənt/ belligerents n
strona konfliktu
A state or other armed participant in warfare

bellmaker bellmakers n
ludwisarz
someone who makes bells

bellows /ˈbɛl.oʊz/ /ˈbɛl.əs/ /ˈbɛl.əʊz/ bellows n
miech
A device for delivering pressurized air in a controlled quantity to a controlled location. At its most simple terms a bellows is a container which is deformable in such a way as to alter its volume which has an outlet or outlets where one wishes to blow air.
mieszek
(photography) Flexible, light-tight enclosures connecting the lensboard and the camera back.

bells and whistles n
wodotryski
(idiomatic) Extra features added for show rather than function; fancy additions or features.

belly /ˈbɛli/ bellies n
brzuch
The abdomen, especially a fat one.

belly dance belly dances n
taniec brzucha taniec orientalny
A form of dance originating in the Middle East and characterized by movements of the torso.

belong /bɪˈlɑŋ/ /bɪˈlɒŋ/ /bɪˈlɔŋ/ v
należeć
(followed by to) To be a part of a group.
(intransitive, followed by to) To be part of, or the property of.

belote /bəˈlɒt/ n
belotka
A trick-taking card game using a 32 card deck.

beloved /bɪˈlʌvd/ /bɪˈlʌvɪd/ more beloved most beloved adj
ukochany umiłowany
Much loved, dearly loved.

beloved /bɪˈlʌvd/ /bɪˈlʌvɪd/ beloveds n
ukochana ukochany
Someone who is loved; something that is loved.

below /bɪˈloʊ/ /bɪˈləʊ/ preposition
pod poniżej
Lower in spatial position than.

below average more below average most below average adj
poniżej średniej

below the belt /bəˈloʊ ðə bɛlt/ /bɪˈləʊ ðiː bɛlt/
poniżej pasa
(boxing) Of a punch, landing illegally, below the opponent's waist.

belt /bɛlt/ belts n
pas pasek
A band used as a restraint for safety purposes, such as a seat belt.
(usually, capitalized) A geographical region known for a particular product, feature or demographic (Corn Belt, Bible Belt, Black Belt, Green Belt).
(baseball) The part of the strike zone at the height of the batter's waist.

belt conveyor belt conveyors n
konwejer przenośnik taśmowy
A system used to convey material on a conveyor belt

belt loop belt loops n
szlufka
One of the loops of fabric ringing the waist of a pair of pants, used to hold the belt in place.

beluga /bəˈluɡə/ /bəˈluːɡə/ belugas n
białucha
A cetacean, Delphinapterus leucas, found in the Arctic Ocean.
bieługa
A fish, Huso huso, that is a source of caviar, which is found in the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea.

belvedere /ˈbɛl.vəˌdɪɹ/ /ˈbɛl.vɪ.dɪə/ belvederes n
belweder
(architecture) A turret or other raised structure offering a pleasant view of the surrounding area.

bemol /ˈbiːmɒl/ bemols n
bemol
(music, obsolete) The flat symbol (♭), or a flattened note.

bemuse /bəˈmjuːz/ /bɪˈmjuːz/ v
speszyć zdeprymować
(transitive) To confuse or bewilder.

bench /bɛntʃ/ /bɛnt͡ʃ/ /bɛnʃ/ benches n
ławka
(government) A long seat for politicians in a parliamentary chamber.
(sports) The place where players (substitutes) and coaches sit when not playing.
ławka treningowa
A horizontal padded surface, usually adjustable in height and inclination and often with attached weight rack, used for proper posture during exercise.

benchmarketing n
analiza porównawcza badania porównawcze benchmarking
(business) The imitation of an aspect of another business where it is seen to excel, such as in supply-chain management or customer service.

bend /bɛnd/ /bɪnd/ bends n
skos
(heraldiccharge) One of the honourable ordinaries formed by two diagonal lines drawn from the dexter chief to the sinister base; it generally occupies a fifth part of the shield if uncharged, but if charged one third.

bend /bɛnd/ /bɪnd/ v
zginać się zgiąć się
(intransitive) To become curved.
giąć zginać zginać się zgiąć zgiąć się
(transitive, nautical) To tie, as in securing a line to a cleat; to shackle a chain to an anchor; make fast.

bend over backwards v
stawać na głowie stawać na rzęsach stawać na uszach wychodzić z siebie wychodzić ze skóry
(idiomatic, informal) To make a great effort; to take extraordinary care; to go to great lengths.

bend someone's ear v
zanudzać
(idiomatic) To bore; to talk too long, especially to one particular person.

bend the knee v
iść na pasku
(idiom) To submit to another's authority.

bender /ˈbɛndə/ /ˈbɛndɚ/ benders n
popijawa
(slang) A bout of heavy drinking.

bending /ˈbɛndɪŋ/ bendings n
zginanie
A motion or action that bends.

beneath /bɪˈniːθ/ adv
pod poniżej
Below or underneath.

benediction /ˌbɛnəˈdɪkʃən/ benedictions n
błogosławieństwo benedykcja
A short invocation for help, blessing and guidance from God, said on behalf of another person or persons (sometimes at the end of a church worship service).

benedictional benedictionals n
benedykcjonał
a book of benedictions.

benefactor /ˈbɛnəˌfaktə/ /ˈbɛnəˌfæktɚ/ benefactoress benefactors benefactress benefactrix n
dobroczyńca benefaktor benefaktorka ofiarodawca ofiarodawczyni
Somebody who gives a gift, often money to a charity.

benefactress benefactresses n
dobrodziejka
A female benefactor.

benefice /ˈbɛnɪfɪs/ benefices n
beneficjum
Land granted to a priest in a church that has a source of income attached to it.
(feudal law) An estate in lands; a fief.

beneficial /ˌbɛnəˈfɪʃəl/ more beneficial most beneficial adj
korzystny
Helpful or good to something or someone.

beneficiary /bɛn.əˈfɪʃ.iˌɚ.i/ /ˌbɛn.əˈfɪʃ.əɹ.i/ /ˌbɛn.ɪˈfɪʃ.əɹ.i/ /ˌbɛn.ɪˈfɪʃ.ɚ.i/ beneficiaries n
beneficjant beneficjent
One who benefits or receives an advantage.
(especially, trust law) One who benefits from the distribution, especially out of a trust or estate.

benefit /ˈbɛn.ə.fɪt/ /ˈbɛn.ɪ.fɪt/ benefits n
świadczenie
(insurance) A payment made in accordance with an insurance policy or a public assistance scheme.
beneficjum korzyść
An event, such as a theatrical performance, given to raise funds for some cause.

benefit of the doubt benefits of the doubt n
kredyt zaufania
A favorable judgement given in the absence of full evidence.

benevolence /bəˈnɛvələns/ benevolences n
benewolencja dobroć przychylność łaskawość życzliwość
(uncountable) Disposition to do good.

benign /bɪˈnaɪn/ benigner benignest more benign most benign adj
łagodny
Kind; gentle; mild.
łagodny nieszkodliwy
(medicine) Not posing any serious threat to health; not particularly aggressive or recurrent.

bennettitalean bennettitaleans n
benetyt

bent /bɛnt/ benter bentest more bent most bent adj
przegięty
(derogatory, colloquial, chiefly, UK) Homosexual.

bentgrass bentgrasses n
mietlica
Any of numerous reedy grass species of the genus Agrostis.

benthic /ˈbɛnθɪk/ adj
bentoniczny bentosowy
Pertaining to the benthos; living on the seafloor, as opposed to floating in the ocean.

benthos /ˈbɛnθɒs/ benthoses n
bentos
The flora and fauna at the bottom of a body of water.

bentonite bentonites n
bentonit

bentonitic adj
bentonitowy

bentonitization n
bentonityzacja

benzaldehyde benzaldehydes n
benzaldehyd aldehyd benzoesowy
(organic compound, uncountable) A chemical compound (C6H5CHO) consisting of a benzene ring with an aldehyde substituent.

benzanthrone benzanthrones n
benzantron

benzene /ˈbɛnziːn/ benzenes n
benzen
(organic compound) An aromatic hydrocarbon of formula C6H6 whose structure consists of a ring of alternate single and double bonds.

benzidine benzidines n
benzydyna

benzoate benzoates n
benzoesan
(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of benzoic acid.

benzocaine /ˈbɛn.zəˌkeɪn/ benzocaines n
benzokaina
(pharmaceutical drug) A local anesthetic commonly used as a topical pain reliever.

benzodiazepine /ˌbɛnzoʊdaɪˈæzɪpiːn/ benzodiazepines n
benzodiazepina
(pharmaceutical drug) Any of a class of psychoactive drugs, structured upon diazepine, used in the treatment of anxiety, insomnia and other related disorders.

benzofuran benzofurans n
benzofuran kumaron
(organic chemistry) Any of a class of bicyclic heterocycles consisting of a benzene ring fused with one of furan.

benzoic adj
benzoesowy
Pertaining to, or obtained from, benzoin.
(organic chemistry) Derived from benzoic acid or its derivatives.

benzoic acid n
kwas benzoesowy benzoes
(carboxylic acid) A white crystalline organic acid, C6H5COOH; the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid; used as a food preservative and in many other industrial applications.

benzoin /ˈbɛnzɔɪn/ /ˈbɛnzəʊɪn/ benzoins n
benzoes benzoina będźwin styraks
A resinous substance, dry and brittle, obtained from Styrax benzoin, a tree of Sumatra, Java, etc., having a fragrant odor, and slightly aromatic taste. It is used in the preparation of benzoic acid, in medicine, and as a perfume. [from 16th c.]

benzol benzols n
benzol
(organic chemistry) An impure benzene (mixed with toluene etc), used in the arts as a solvent, and for various other purposes.

benzophenone benzophenones n
benzofenon
(organic chemistry, countable) Any of a class of aromatic ketones based on the parent compound diphenylketone (C6H5)2CO; used, amongst other things, as ingredients in sunblock.

benzopyran benzopyrans n
benzopiren

benzoquinone benzoquinones n
benzochinon
(organic compound) Either of the two isomeric forms of the simplest quinone, C6H4O2, or any of their derivatives.

benzoyl /ˈbɛnzəʊ.aɪl/ /ˈbɛnzəʊ.ɪl/ benzoyls n
benzoil
(organic chemistry, especially in combination) A univalent radical formally derived from benzoic acid, C6H5CO-, by removal of the hydroxyl group

benzyl /ˈbɛnzaɪl/ /ˈbɛnzɪl/ benzyls n
benzyl
(organic chemistry, especially in combination) The univalent radical C6H5-CH2- related to toluene and benzoic acid

benzylic adj
benzylowy

bequeath /bɪˈkwiːð/ /bɪˈkwiːθ/ v
zapisać zapisywać
(legal) To give or leave by will; to give by testament.

bereave /bɪˈɹiːv/ v
odbierać pozbawiać zabierać
(transitive) To take away someone or something that is important or close; deprive.

beret /bəˈɹeɪ/ /ˈbɛɹeɪ/ berets n
beret
A type of round, brimless cap with a soft top and a headband to secure it to the head; usually culturally associated with France.

bergamot /ˈbɜːɡəˌmɒt/ /ˈbɝɡəˌmɑt/ bergamots n
bergamota bergamotka
The fruit from the bergamot tree
A variety of pear.

bergenia bergenias n
bergenia

bergerette bergerettes n
berżeretka

beriberi beriberis n
beri-beri
(pathology) An ailment caused by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1), leading to lethargy and organ complications.

berkelium /bɜːɹˈkiːliəm/ /ˈbɜːɹkliəm/ n
berkel
A transuranic chemical element (symbol Bk) with an atomic number of 97.

berkovets berkovets n
bierkowiec
(historical) An old Russian unit of weight, approximately 164 kilograms or 10 poods.

berm /bɜː(ɹ)m/ berms n
odsadzka
A ledge between the parapet and the moat in a fortification.

berry /ˈbɛɹ.i/ berries n
jagoda
A small succulent fruit, of any one of many varieties.
(botany) A soft fruit which develops from a single ovary and contains seeds not encased in pits.

bersagliere /-i/ /-sæl-/ /-sɑl-/ /-ˈlɛɹ-/ /ˌbɛɹ.səlˈjɛɹ.eɪ/ bersaglieri n
bersalier
A marksman or rifleman in certain Italian regiments.

berserk /-ˈsɜːk/ /-ˈzɚk/ /bəˈsɚk/ /bəˈzɜːk/ /bɚˈsɚk/ /bɜː-/ /ˈbɚˌsɚk/ /ˈbɜːsɜːk/ berserks n
berserk
(historical) Synonym of berserker (“a Norse warrior who fought in a frenzy”)

berserker /-ˈsɜːkə/ /bəˈzɜːkə/ /bɚˈzɚkɚ/ /bɜː-/ /ˈbɚˌsɚkɚ/ /ˈbɜːsɜːkə/ berserkers n
berserk
(historical) A Norse warrior who purportedly fought in a trance-like frenzy; a berserk.

berth /bɜːθ/ /bɝθ/ berths n
koja kuszetka
A fixed bunk for sleeping (in caravans, trains, etc).

berth /bɜːθ/ /bɝθ/ v
cumować
(astronautics) To use a device to bring a spaceship into its berth/dock

beryl /ˈbɛɹ.əl/ beryls n
beryl
(uncountable, mineral) A mineral of pegmatite deposits, often used as a gemstone.

beryllium /bəˈɹɪl.i.əm/ berylliums n
beryl
The chemical element (symbol Be) with an atomic number of 4; a soft silvery-white low density alkaline earth metal with specialist industrial applications.

besague /ˈbɛs.ə.ɡju/ besagues n
tarczka opachowa
A plate (as of armor) that protects an otherwise-exposed area, such as the armpit (alternative form of besagew), the elbow, or the hand

beseech /bɪˈsiːt͡ʃ/ v
błagać
to request or beg for

beside /biˈsaɪd/ /bəˈsaɪd/ /bɪˈsaɪd/ /bɪˈsʌɪd/ preposition
obok przy
Next to; at the side of.
poza
Not relevant to.

besides /biˈsaɪdz/ /bəˈsaɪdz/ /bɪˈsaɪdz/ adv
poza tym
(conjunctive) Also; in addition.
zresztą poza tym
(conjunctive) Used to emphasize an additional point, especially an important or stronger reason; moreover; furthermore.

besides /biˈsaɪdz/ /bəˈsaɪdz/ /bɪˈsaɪdz/ preposition
oprócz poza
In addition to.

besiege /bəˈsiːd͡ʒ/ v
oblegać
(transitive) To beset or surround with armed forces for the purpose of compelling to surrender, to lay siege to, beleaguer.

besom /ˈbiː.zəm/ besoms n
miotła
A broom made from a bundle of twigs tied onto a shaft.
baba jaga czarownica heksa jędza wiedźma zołza
(Scotland, Northern England, derogatory) A troublesome woman.

bespoke /bəˈspoʊk/ /bɪˈspəʊk/ adj
uszyty na miarę
Individually or custom-made.

best /ˈbɛst/ bests n
najlepszy
(uncountable) The supreme effort one can make, or has made.
(uncountable) One's best behavior.
(countable) The person (or persons; or thing or things) that is (are) most excellent.

best friend best friends n
przyjaciel przyjaciółka
An especially close and trusted friend.

best man best men n
drużba
The primary attendant to the groom in a wedding ceremony.

best regards n
załączam pozdrowienia
(idiomatic) Used as a polite closing of a letter

best-case scenario best-case scenarios n
najlepszy przypadek
Any situation or conclusion which could not be any better; the best possible outcome.

best-selling adj
bestsellerowy przebojowy szlagierowy
(marketing) Highly popular with consumers purchasing goods within a specific class.

bestial /ˈbis.t͡ʃəl/ /ˈbɛs.ti.əl/ /ˈbɛs.t͡ʃəl/ more bestial most bestial adj
bestialski bestialny
(literally, _, and, _, figuratively) Beast-like

bestiality /ˈbistiˌælɪti/ /ˈbɛstʃəlˌlɪtɪ/ /ˌbist͡ʃiˈælɪti/ /ˌbɛst͡ʃiˈælɪti/ bestialities n
bestializm bestialność bestialstwo
Bestial nature, savagery, inhumanity, like (or akin to) an animal's.

bestially more bestially most bestially adv
bestialsko

bestiary /ˈbiːstiˌɛri/ /ˈbɛstiˌɛri/ bestiaries n
bestiarium bestiariusz
A medieval treatise of various real or imaginary animals.

bestseller bestsellers n
bestseller
A book or other product that has sold in large numbers.

bet /ˈbɛt/ bets n
zakład
A wager, an agreement between two parties that a stake (usually money) will be paid by the loser to the winner (the winner being the one who correctly forecast the outcome of an event).

bet /ˈbɛt/ v
obstawić postawić zakładać się
To stake or pledge upon the outcome of an event; to wager.
stawiać na
To be sure of something; to be able to count on something.

bet one's boots v
stawiać dolary przeciwko orzechom

beta /ˈbeɪtə/ /ˈbiːtə/ /ˈbɛtə/ betas n
beta
The second letter of the Greek alphabet (Β, β), preceded by alpha (Α, α) and followed by gamma, (Γ, γ). In modern Greek it represents the voiced labiodental fricative sound of v found in the English words have and vase.

beta cell beta cells n
komórka beta
(anatomy) An endocrine cell, located in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas, primarily responsible for the storage and release of insulin.

beta function beta functions n
funkcja beta
(analysis) A mathematical function that is also called the Euler integral of the first kind; it is a symmetric special function.

beta radiation beta radiations n
promieniowanie beta
(physics) The radiation of beta particles as a result of radioactive decay.

beta version beta versions n
wersja beta
(computing) An early version of a program or application that contains most of the major features, but is not yet complete. Sometimes these versions are released only to a select group of people, or to the general public, for testing and feedback. This is the second major stage of development following the alpha version, and comes before the release candidate.

beta-carotene /biː.təˈka.ɹə.tiːn/ /ˌbeɪ.təˈkɛɹ.əˌtin/ n
beta-karoten

betabux betabuxes n
betabankomat
(incel slang, derogatory) A beta male who acts as a provider for a woman who has decided to finally settle down.

betaine betaines n
betaina
(uncountable, organic compound) A sweet, crystalline compound (not an alkaloid), trimethylammoniumacetate, found in sugar beet and similar plants, sometimes used to treat muscular degeneracy; the zwitterion (CH3)3N+CH2COO-

betatron betatrons n
betatron
(physics) A form of cyclotron used to accelerate electrons to high speed.

betel /ˈbiːtəl/ betels n
betel
A quid (chewing preparation) containing these and other plant materials; paan.

betel nut betel nuts n
orzech arekowy
An egg-shaped seed of the betel palm; wrapped in the leaves of the betel pepper and chewed.

betel palm betel palms n
areka
An Asiatic palm, Areca catechu, whose seeds are betel nuts.

betel pepper betel peppers n
betel pieprz betelowy pieprz żuwny
An Asiatic plant, Piper betle, whose leaves are used to wrap betel nuts for chewing.

betelchewing n
żucie betelu

betelseller betelsellers n
sprzedawca betelu sprzedawczyni betelu
Seller of betel; someone who sells betel.

betimes /bəˈtaɪmz/ /bɪˈtaɪmz/ adv
zawczasu
(dated) In good season or time; early, especially in the morning; seasonably.

betony /ˈbɛtəni/ betonies n
bukwica bukwica zwyczajna
Stachys officinalis (syn. Betonica officinalis, an herb used in traditional European medicine.

betray /bəˈtɹeɪ/ /bɪˈtɹeɪ/ v
wydać zdradzić
(transitive) To deliver into the hands of an enemy by treachery or fraud, in violation of trust; to give up treacherously or faithlessly.
zdradzić
(transitive) To prove faithless or treacherous to, as to a trust or one who trusts; to be false to; to deceive.

betroth /bəˈtɹoʊð/ /bəˈtɹəʊð/ v
zaręczyć się
To promise to give in marriage.

betrothal /bəˈtɹoʊ.ðəl/ /bəˈtɹəʊ.ðəl/ betrothals n
zaręczyny
The fact of being betrothed; a mutual promise, engagement, or contract for a future marriage between two people.

betrothed /bɪˈtɹəʊðd/ /bɪˈtɹəʊθt/ betrotheds n
narzeczony narzeczona oblubienica oblubieniec
One who is betrothed, i.e. a fiancé or fiancée.

betrothed /bɪˈtɹəʊðd/ /bɪˈtɹəʊθt/ v
zaręczony
past of betroth

betta bettas n
bojownik
Any fish of the genus Betta, especially Betta splendens (the Siamese fighting fish).

better /ˈbɛtə/ /ˈbɛtəɹ/ [ˈbeɾɐ] [ˈbeɾə] [ˈbeʔə] [ˈbɛtʰə] [ˈbɛtʰɚ~ˈbɛθ̠ɚ~ˈbɛt̪ɚ] [ˈbɛɾɚ] [ˈbɛʔɚ~ˈbɛʔəɾ] adj
lepszy
Healed or recovered from an injury or illness.

better /ˈbɛtə/ /ˈbɛtəɹ/ [ˈbeɾɐ] [ˈbeɾə] [ˈbeʔə] [ˈbɛtʰə] [ˈbɛtʰɚ~ˈbɛθ̠ɚ~ˈbɛt̪ɚ] [ˈbɛɾɚ] [ˈbɛʔɚ~ˈbɛʔəɾ] adv
lepiej
(colloquial, _, shortening) Had better.

better /ˈbɛtə/ /ˈbɛtəɹ/ [ˈbeɾɐ] [ˈbeɾə] [ˈbeʔə] [ˈbɛtʰə] [ˈbɛtʰɚ~ˈbɛθ̠ɚ~ˈbɛt̪ɚ] [ˈbɛɾɚ] [ˈbɛʔɚ~ˈbɛʔəɾ] v
polepszać polepszyć poprawiać poprawić
(transitive) To give advantage to; to support; to advance the interest of.

better half better halves n
lepsza połowa
A person's spouse or lover, most commonly a man's wife.

better late than never adv
lepiej późno niż wcale lepiej późno niż później
It is s better to do something late, than to never do it at all.

better safe than sorry proverb
gdyby kózka nie skakała, toby nóżki nie złamała lepiej dmuchać na zimne strzeżonego Pan Bóg strzeże żeby kózka nie skakała, toby nóżki nie złamała
It is preferable to be cautious in one's choices and actions than to act recklessly and suffer afterwards.

better than nothing adj
dobre i to lepszy niż nic
Barely useful; almost worthless or pointless, but nevertheless better than having nothing at all.

better the devil you know than the devil you don't know proverb
już lepsze znane zło, niż dobro, które masz poznać
Something bad and familiar is better than something bad and unknown.

between /bəˈtwin/ /bɪˈtwin/ /bɪˈtwiːn/ [bɪˈtʰwin] preposition
między pomiędzy
In the position or interval that separates (two things), or intermediate in quantity or degree. (See Usage notes below.)
In transit from (one to the other, or connecting places).
One of (representing a choice).
między
Shared in confidence.

between Scylla and Charybdis /bəˈtwiːn.ˈsɪlə.ænd.kəˈɹɪbdɪs/ /bəˈtwiːn.ˈsɪləɹ.ænd.kəˈɹɪbdɪs/
między Scyllą a Charybdą między młotem a kowadłem
(idiomatic) Between two dangers.

between a rock and a hard place
między młotem a kowadłem
(idiom) In a difficult and inescapable position. [from early 20th c.]
(idiomatic) Having the choice between two unpleasant or distasteful options; in a predicament or quandary.

between the hammer and the anvil
między młotem a kowadłem
(chiefly, UK, idiomatic) With the choice between two unpleasant or distasteful options; in a predicament or quandary.

between you and me
mówiąc między nami
In confidence; used to impose an obligation to keep something being discussed secret.

bevatron bevatrons n
bewatron

beverage /ˈbɛv(ə)ɹɪd͡ʒ/ beverages n
napój
(mostly, North America) A liquid to consume; a drink, such as tea, coffee, liquor, beer, milk, juice, or soft drinks, usually excluding water.
(Britain, slang, archaic) (A gift of) drink money.

beware /biˈwɛɚ/ /bəˈwɛɚ/ /bɪˈwɛɚ/ v
strzeż się
(defective, ambitransitive) To use caution, pay attention to (used both with and without of).

beware of the dog phraseologicalUnit
uwaga, zły pies
(This entry is a translation hub.)

bewilderment /bɪˈwɪldəmənt/ /bɪˈwɪldəɹmənt/ bewilderments n
zdziwienie
The state of being bewildered.

bewitch /bəˈwɪt͡ʃ/ v
czarować
(transitive) To cast a spell upon.

beyond /biˈ(j)ɑnd/ /bɪˈjɒnd/ /bɪˈjɛnd/ preposition
poza
Further away than.
On the far side of.

beyond a reasonable doubt
ponad uzasadnioną wątpliwość ponad wszelką wątpliwość poza wszelką wątpliwością poza wszelką wątpliwość
(legal) A legal standard for deciding the outcome of a criminal charge, requiring evidence that is sufficient to eliminate any doubts that a reasonable person might entertain about whether a claim is more likely to be true than not.

beyond a shadow of a doubt
bez cienia wątpliwości
Without any doubt or hesitation at all.

beyond measure adv
bez porównania
To a great extent or degree; very.

beyond the pale /biˌ(j)ɑnd ðə ˈpeɪl/ /bɪˌjɒnd ðə ˈpeɪl/
nie do przyjęcia
(idiomatic) Of a person or their behaviour: outside the bounds of what is acceptable, or regarded as good judgment, morality, ethics, etc.

bezoar /ˈbi.zɔɹ/ /ˈbiː.zɔː/ bezoars n
bezoar
A mass, usually of hair or undigested vegetable matter, found in a human or animal's intestines, similar to a hairball.

bi /baɪ/ bis n
biseks
(LGBT, slang) A bisexual person.

bi- /baɪ-/ /bɪ-/ prefix
bi- dwu-
two, paired, both

bi-curious /baiˈkjɚ.i.jɪs/ /bʌɪˈkjɔː.ɹɪəs/ /bʌɪˈkjʊə.ɹɪəs/ more bi-curious most bi-curious adj
bi
(LGBT) Interested in having relationships with both men and women, curious about one's potential bisexuality; especially, of heterosexual people, considering a first sexual experience with a member of the same sex.

bias /ˈbaɪəs/ more bias most bias adj
stronniczy
Inclined to one side; swelled on one side.

bias /ˈbaɪəs/ biases biasses n
inklinacja stronniczość ukos uprzedzenie
(countable, uncountable) Inclination towards something.
polaryzacja
(electronics) A voltage or current applied to an electronic device, such as a transistor electrode, to move its operating point to a desired part of its transfer function.
obciążenie
(statistics) The difference between the expectation of the sample estimator and the true population value, which reduces the representativeness of the estimator by systematically distorting it.

bias /ˈbaɪəs/ v
rzutować wpływać
(transitive) To place bias upon; to influence.

biased /ˈbaɪəst/ more biased most biased adj
stronniczy uprzedzony
Exhibiting bias; prejudiced.

biathlete biathletes n
biathlonista biathlonistka
(sports) An athlete who competes in the biathlon.

biathlon /-lɒn/ /baɪˈæθlən/ /baɪˈæθˌlɑn/ biathlons n
biathlon biatlon dwubój zimowy
(winter sports, uncountable) Racing combining cross-country skiing and rifle shooting; (countable) a particular instance of such a race.

biaxial adj
dwuosiowy
(mathematics, astronomy) Having two axes of rotation and two planes of symmetry (e.g. having the shape of a spheroid)

bib /bɪb/ bibs n
śliniaczek śliniak
An item of clothing for people (especially babies) tied around their neck to protect their clothes from getting dirty when eating.

bibelot /bib(ə)loʊ/ /bib(ə)ləʊ/ bibelots n
bibelot
A bauble, knickknack or trinket.

bibimbap bibimbaps n
bibimbap
A Korean dish of white rice topped with vegetables, beef, a whole egg, and gochujang (chili pepper paste).

bible /ˈbaɪbəl/ bibles n
Biblia
(by extension) A comprehensive manual that describes something, or a publication with a loyal readership.

biblical /ˈbɪblɪkəl/ more biblical most biblical adj
biblijny
Of or relating to the Bible.
In accordance with the teachings of the Bible (according to some interpretation of it).
(figurative) Very great; especially, exceeding previous records in scale.

biblically adv
biblijnie
In a biblical manner.

biblicism biblicisms n
biblioznawstwo biblistyka
Learning or literature relating to the Bible.
biblioznawstwo biblistyka biblizm
A term derived from the Bible

biblicist more biblicist most biblicist adj
biblioznawczy biblistyczny
Of, relating to, or characteristic of biblicism.

biblicist biblicists n
biblioznawca biblista
A Biblical scholar or expert (Bible scholar or expert).

biblio- prefix
biblio-
book

bibliographer bibliographers n
bibliograf bibliografka
A person who compiles bibliographies, or who studies bibliography.

bibliographic more bibliographic most bibliographic adj
bibliograficzny
Of or pertaining to bibliography.

bibliographically adv
bibliograficznie
Concerning bibliography.

bibliography /bɪbliɒɡɹəfi/ bibliographies n
bibliografia
A section of a written work containing citations, not quotations, to all the books referred to in the work.
A list of books or documents relevant to a particular subject or author.
The study of the history of books in terms of their classification, printing and publication.

bibliological more bibliological most bibliological adj
bibliologiczny biblioznawczy księgoznawczy
Relating to bibliology.

bibliologist bibliologists n
bibliolog księgoznawca

bibliology bibliologies n
bibliologia biblioznawstwo biblistyka księgoznawstwo
The study of the history of books and the art of printing.

bibliomancy bibliomancies n
bibliomancja
Divination by interpreting a passage chosen at random from a book, especially from the Bible.

bibliomania /ˌbɪbliəˈmeɪniə/ bibliomanias n
bibliomania
A passion for owning valuable books.

bibliomaniac bibliomaniacs n
bibliomaniak biblioman bibliomanka
A person who is obsessed with owning books, especially valuable ones.

bibliophile bibliophiles n
bibliofil
One who loves books.

bibliophilia n
bibliofilia bibliofilstwo
The love of books.

bibliophilic adj
bibliofilski
Having, or pertaining to, bibliophilia (the love of books).

bibliophilically adv
bibliofilsko

bibliotherapy bibliotherapies n
biblioterapia
A nonpharmacological therapy using reading materials to meet people’s therapeutic or developmental needs.

biblist /ˈbɪblɪst/ biblists n
biblioznawca biblista biblistka
A biblical scholar; a biblicist.

bicameral /bʌɪˈkaməɹəl/ adj
dwuizbowy bikameralny
Being or having a system with two, often unequal, chambers or compartments; of, signifying, relating to, or being the product of such a two-chambered system.
(government) Of, having, or relating to two separate legislative chambers or houses.

bicameralism bicameralisms n
bikameralizm dwuizbowość
(government) The practice of dividing legislative bodies into two chambers with complementary powers and limitations designed to provide checks and balances against one another.

bicarbonate bicarbonates n
wodorowęglan
(chemistry) the univalent anion HCO3-; any salt of carbonic acid in which only one of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced. [from 1814]
soda oczyszczona
sodium bicarbonate used as a mild antacid; bicarbonate of soda

bicephalous adj
dwugłowy
(zoology) Having two heads.

biceps brachii biceps brachii biceps brachiorum n
biceps
(anatomy) The flexor in the upper arm.

biceps femoris /ˈbaɪsɛps ˈfɛmərɪs/ biceps femoris biceps femorum n
mięsień dwugłowy uda
(anatomy) The flexor of the knee, a two-headed muscle in the back of the upper leg.

bicker /ˈbɪkə/ /ˈbɪkɚ/ v
sprzeczać się posprzeczać się
To quarrel in a tiresome, insulting manner.

biclique bicliques n
graf dwudzielny

bicolour adj
dwubarwny dwukolorowy
(Commonwealth spelling) Having two colours

bicone bicones n
[[dwu-]]stożek
(geometry) The three-dimensional shape swept by revolving an isosceles triangle around its edge of unequal length, or by joining two identical right circular cones, base to base.

bicorn bicorns n
bikorn pieróg
(historical) A two-cornered hat worn by European and American military and naval officers from the 1790s.

bicuspid /baɪˈkʌspɪd/ bicuspids n
przedtrzonowiec
A tooth with two cusps; a premolar tooth.

bicycle /ˈbaɪsɪk(ə)l/ /ˈbʌɪsɪkəl/ bicycles n
rower
A vehicle that has two wheels, one behind the other, a steering handle, and a saddle seat or seats and is usually propelled by the action of a rider’s feet upon pedals.

bicycle crunch bicycle crunches n
rowerek

bicycle kick bicycle kicks n
rowerek
A form of exercise in which one lies on one's back and makes cycling motions with the legs.
przewrotka
(soccer) A kick in which the kicker leans backwards and kicks the ball back over his head.

bicycle lane bicycle lanes n
ścieżka rowerowa
A lane of a roadway designated for use by cyclists.

bicycle path bicycle paths n
ścieżka rowerowa
A path, segregated from other traffic, for the use of riders of bicycles

bicycle pump bicycle pumps n
pompka rowerowa pompka do rowera
A handheld pump used to inflate the tyres of bicycles.

bid /bɪd/ bids n
oferta licytacja
An offer at an auction, or to carry out a piece of work.

bid /bɪd/ v
licytować zalicytować
(intransitive) To make an offer to pay or accept a certain price.
(transitive) To offer as a price.

bid-ask spread bid-ask spreads n
spread
(finance) The difference between the prices quoted (by a market maker or an order book) for an immediate sale ("offer") and an immediate purchase ("bid") for stocks, futures contracts, options, or currency pairs.

bide one's time v
czekać na właściwą chwilę poczekać na właściwą chwilę
(intransitive, idiomatic) To wait, especially for a suitable opportunity.

bident bidents n
dwuząb
A form of spear having two prongs.

bidet /bɪˈdeɪ/ /ˈbiːdeɪ/ bidets n
bidet
A low-mounted plumbing fixture or type of sink intended for washing the external genitalia and the anus.

bidirectional /ˌbaɪ.dɪˈɹɛk.ʃə.nəl, -daɪ-/ adj
dwukierunkowy
Moving in two directions (usually opposite).
Operating or functioning in two directions (usually opposite).

bidon /-dɒ̃/ /ˈbidɑn/ /ˈbiːdɒn/ bidons n
bidon
A bottle or flask for holding a beverage such as water or wine; (specifically, sports) a water bottle which can be squeezed to squirt the beverage out of the nozzle, especially (cycling) one designed for mounting on a bicycle.

biennale biennales n
biennale
A biennial celebration or exhibition

biennial /baɪˈɛn.i.əl/ adj
codwuletni codwuroczny
Happening every two years.
dwuletni dwuroczny
Lasting for two years.

biennium /baɪˈɛn.i.əm/ /bʌɪˈɛn.ɪ.əm/ biennia bienniums n
dwulecie
A period of two years, particularly for purposes involving intercalation or fiscal calculations.

bier /bɪə/ /bɪɚ/ biers n
mary
A litter to transport the corpse of a dead person.
katafalk
A platform or stand where a body or coffin is placed.

biexponential adj
[[dwu-]]wykładniczy

biface bifaces n
pięściak
(archaeology) A double-sided stone tool

bifilar adj
bifilarny

bifurcation /ˌbaɪfəˈkeɪʃən/ /ˌbaɪfɚˈkeɪʃən/ bifurcations n
bifurkacja rozgałęzienie rozwidlenie
(by extension) Any place where one thing divides into two.
rozwidlenie bifurkacja
(geography) A place where two roads, tributaries etc. part or meet.

bifurcational adj
bifurkacyjny

big /bɪɡ/ bigger biggest adj
duży wielki
Of great size, large.
dorosły
(informal) Adult; (of a child) older.

big baby /bɪɡ ˈbeɪbi/ big babies n
mazgaj
(derogatory) An adult or youth prone to immature behavior associated with babies, such as tantrums or pouting.

big beat n
big-beat bit

big cheese big cheeses n
gruba ryba rekin szycha
(idiomatic) A very important figure, especially a high-ranking person in an organization.

big fish in a small pond /bɪɡ ˈfɪʃ ɪn ə smɔl ˈpɑnd/ /bɪɡ ˈfɪʃ ɪn ə smɔːl ˈpɒnd/ big fish in a small pond big fish in small ponds n
duża ryba w małym stawie
(idiomatic) One who has achieved a high rank or is highly esteemed, but only in a small, relatively unimportant, or little known location or organization.

big if big ifs n
wielka niewiadoma
An unlikely but necessary condition.

big screen big screens n
wielki ekran
The large viewing surface upon which films are projected in a cinema.

big toe big toes n
paluch
(anatomy) The largest toe (usually) on each human foot (i.e. the toe closest to the other foot when the feet are flat on the ground, side by side, and the legs not crossed) or on a foot of certain other animals.

biga bigae bigas n
biga

bigamist /ˈbɪɡəmɪst/ bigamists n
bigamista bigamistka
One who practices bigamy.

bigamous /ˈbɪɡəməs/ more bigamous most bigamous adj
bigamiczny
(of a marriage) involving bigamy
(of a spouse) guilty of bigamy

bigamously more bigamously most bigamously adv
bigamicznie

bigamy /ˈbɪɡəmi/ bigamies n
bigamia dwużeństwo
The state of having two (legal or illegal) spouses simultaneously.

bighead carp bighead carp bighead carps n
tołpyga tołpyga pstra
especially Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, the species reaching the largest size, native to east Asia.

bight /baɪt/ bights n
zatoka
An area of sea lying between two promontories, larger than a bay, wider than a gulf

bigorexia n
bigoreksja
(medicine) A mental disorder in which the sufferer perceives himself to have inadequate musculature; most common among bodybuilders

bigorexic bigorexics n
bigorektyk
a person suffering from bigorexia

bigos n
bigos

bigot /ˈbɪɡət/ bigots n
bigot bigotka
(obsolete) One who is overly pious in matters of religion, often hypocritically or else superstitiously so.

bigwig /ˈbɪɡ.wɪɡ/ bigwigs n
VIP figura gruba ryba szycha
(jocular) A person of importance to a group or organization.

bijection /baɪˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/ bijections n
bijekcja funkcja wzajemnie jednoznaczna
(set theory) A one-to-one correspondence, a function which is both a surjection and an injection.

bijectivity n
cecha tego, co jest wzajemnie jednoznaczne
The property of being bijective.

bike /baɪk/ [bɐɪk] bikes n
rower motocykl
(slang, derogatory) Ellipsis of village bike.

bikini /bɪˈkiːni/ bikinis n
bikini
A brief bathing suit worn by men.

bilabial /baɪ.ˈleɪ.bi.əl/ adj
dwuwargowy bilabialny
(phonetics) Articulated with both lips.

bilabiate adj
dwuwargowy
(botany) Having two lips; two-lipped.

bilateral /baɪˈlætəɹəl/ more bilateral most bilateral adj
dwustronny
Having two sides.
bilateralny dwustronny
Involving both sides equally.

bilateralism bilateralisms n
bilateralizm
The policy of having bilateral agreements between two countries.

bilaterally more bilaterally most bilaterally adv
bilateralnie dwustronnie obustronnie
In a bilateral manner.

bilberry /ˈbɪlb(ə)ɹɪ/ bilberries n
czarna jagoda borówka
Vaccinium myrtillus, the wild European blueberry of the cowberry family.
borówka czarna jagoda
The shrub of the above-mentioned plant.

bile /baɪl/ biles n
żółć
A bitter brownish-yellow or greenish-yellow secretion produced by the liver, stored in the gall bladder, and discharged into the duodenum where it aids the process of digestion.
Bitterness of temper; ill humour; irascibility.

bile duct bile ducts n
drogi żółciowe
(anatomy) Any of a number of long tube-like structures that carry bile.

bilge /bɪld͡ʒ/ bilges n
obło
(nautical) The rounded portion of a ship's hull, forming a transition between the bottom and the sides.
zęza zenza
(nautical) The lowest inner part of a ship's hull, where water accumulates.

bilinear adj
dwuliniowy
(linear algebra, of a function in two variables) Linear (preserving linear combinations) in each variable.

bilingual /baɪˈlɪŋ.ɡju.əl/ /baɪˈlɪŋ.ɡwəl/ adj
dwujęzyczny bilingwalny
Having the ability to speak two languages fluently.
dwujęzyczny
Spoken or written in two different languages.

bilingual /baɪˈlɪŋ.ɡju.əl/ /baɪˈlɪŋ.ɡwəl/ bilinguals n
bilingwista dwujęzykowiec
A person who is able to use two languages.

bilingualism bilingualisms n
dwujęzyczność bilingwizm
The condition of being bilingual; the ability to speak two languages.

bilirubin /bɪlɪˈɹuːbɪn/ bilirubins n
bilirubina
(biochemistry) A bile pigment that is a product of the breakdown of the heme portion of hemoglobin (which occurs within macrophages as they digest red blood cells), and which is responsible for the yellowish color seen in bruises. Extremely high levels of bilirubin may cause jaundice.

biliverdin biliverdins n
biliwerdyna
(biochemistry) A green tetrapyrrolic bile pigment, a product of heme catabolism, responsible for the greenish color sometimes seen in bruises.

bill /bɪl/ [bɪɫ] bills n
dziób
The beak of a bird, especially when small or flattish; sometimes also used with reference to a platypus, turtle, or other animal.
halabarda
Any of various bladed or pointed hand weapons, originally designating an Anglo-Saxon sword, and later a weapon of infantry, especially in the 14th and 15th centuries, commonly consisting of a broad, heavy, double-edged, hook-shaped blade, with a short pike at the back and another at the top, attached to the end of a long staff.
afisz
A document, originally sealed; a formal statement or official memorandum. (Now obsolete except with certain qualifying words; bill of health, bill of sale etc.)
projekt ustawy
A draft of a law, presented to a legislature for enactment; a proposed or projected law.
rachunek faktura
A written note of goods sold, services rendered, or work done, with the price or charge; an invoice.

bill and coo v
gruchać

bill of exchange bills of exchange n
weksel trasowany weksel
(banking) A document demanding payment from another party, especially used in international trade.

bill of fare bills of fare n
jadłospis
(old-fashioned) A written or printed enumeration of the dishes served at a banquet, or of the dishes (with prices listed) that may be ordered at a restaurant, etc.

bill of lading bills of lading n
konosament
(shipping) A document issued by a carrier (e.g. master of a ship or the ship owner's agent) to a shipper listing a ship's cargo, acknowledging receipt of said cargo, and specifying terms for its delivery.

bill of materials bills of materials n
zestawienie materiałowe
(manufacturing, computing) A computerized list of materials and components, structured in a manner to support computer-based materials procurement and production scheduling.

billboard billboards n
billboard baner banner
A very large outdoor sign, generally used for advertising.
(nautical) A piece of thick plank, armed with iron plates, and fixed on the bow or fore-channels of a vessel, for the bill or fluke of the anchor to rest on.

billet /ˈbɪlɪt/ billets n
szczapa
A short piece of wood, especially one used as firewood.

billhook billhooks n
sierpak
An agricultural hand tool often with a curved or hooked end to the blade used for pruning or cutting thick, woody plants.
(written as bill-hook) A part of the knotting mechanism in a reaper-binder or baler (agricultural machinery).

billiard ball billiard balls n
bila

billiardist billiardists n
bilardzista

billiards /ˈbɪl.jɚdz/ /ˈbɪlɪədz/ n
bilard
(games, British) A two-player cue sport played with two cue balls and one red ball, on a snooker sized table.

billion /ˈbɪljən/ billions numeral
miliard
(US, modern British & Australian, short scale) a thousand million (logic: 1,000 × 1,0002): 1 followed by nine zeros, 109; a milliard
bilion
(dated, British & Australian, long scale) A million million (logic: 1,000,0002): a 1 followed by twelve zeros; 1012
(colloquial, hyperbole) An unspecified very large number.

billionaire /ˌbɪl.i.əˈnɛə(ɹ)/ /ˌbɪl.jəˈnɛɚ/ billionaires n
miliarder miliarderka
Somebody whose wealth is greater than one billion (109) dollars, or other currency.

billionth /ˈbɪl.i.ənθ/ billionths n
bilionowy miliardowy
The person or thing in the billionth position.

billow /ˈbɪloʊ/ /ˈbɪləʊ/ billows n
bałwan
A large wave, swell, surge, or undulating mass of something, such as water, smoke, fabric or sound

billow /ˈbɪloʊ/ /ˈbɪləʊ/ v
bałwanić zbałwanić
To surge or roll in billows.

billsticker billstickers n
afiszer
Someone who sticks up advertisements on billboards, walls, and similar surfaces.

billy goat billy goats n
kozioł cap
(childish) A male goat.

bilocation /baɪləʊˈkeɪʃən/ bilocations n
bilokacja
(Forteana) The ability to be, or fact of being, in two places at once.

bilocational adj
bilokacyjny

bima bimas n
bima

bimbo /ˈbɪmboʊ/ /ˈbɪmbəʊ/ bimboes bimbos n
blachara karyna lalunia słodka idiotka
(derogatory, slang) A physically attractive woman who lacks intelligence.

bimeromorphic adj
meromorficzny

bimester bimesters n
dwa miesiące

bimetal adj
bimetaliczny bimetalowy

bimetal bimetals n
bimetal
(metallurgy) An object consisting of two metals.

bimetallism bimetallisms n
bimetalizm
(economics) The use of a monetary standard based upon two different metals, traditionally gold and silver usually in a fixed ratio of values.

bimetallist bimetallists n
bimetalista

bimetallistic more bimetallistic most bimetallistic adj
bimetaliczny bimetalistyczny

bimmer bimmers n
bawarka
(slang) : a car manufactured by BMW.

bimodal adj
bimodalny
(mathematics, of a distribution) Having two modes (local maxima)

bin /bɪn/ bins n
pojemnik
A box, frame, crib, or enclosed place, used as a storage container.
kosz
A container for rubbish or waste.

binarism binarisms n
binaryzm
Belief in, or a mode of thought predicated on, a binary; belief that something (for example, gender) is a binary.

binarization binarizations n
binaryzacja
(computing) Conversion of a tree to one with at most two children per node.

binary /ˈbaɪ.nə.ɹi/ /ˈbaɪ.nə.ɹɪ/ /ˈbaɪ.nɛɹ.i/ more binary most binary adj
binarny
Being in one of two mutually exclusive states.
(logic) Concerning logic whose subject matter concerns binary states.
Having two equally important parts; related to something with two parts.
(mathematics, programming, computer engineering) Of an operation, function, procedure, or logic gate, taking exactly two operands, arguments, parameters, or inputs; having domain of dimension 2.
binarny dwójkowy
(arithmetic, computing) Concerning numbers and calculations using the binary number system.

binary /ˈbaɪ.nə.ɹi/ /ˈbaɪ.nə.ɹɪ/ /ˈbaɪ.nɛɹ.i/ binaries n
system binarny system dwójkowy
(mathematics, computing, uncountable) The bijective base-2 numeral system, which uses only the digits 0 and 1.
plik binarny
(computing) ; a file consisting of data other than human-readable text.

binary number binary numbers n
liczba binarna

binary star binary stars n
gwiazda podwójna
(astronomy) A stellar system in which two stars orbit around their center of mass; double star.

binary system binary systems n
binarny system
(mathematics, computing) A numeric system with a base of 2, using only the numerals 0 and 1.

binary tree binary trees n
drzewo binarne
(mathematics, computer science) A data structure in which each node has at most two children, each node but the root has one parent, and there are no cycles.

binbag /ˈbɪmbaɡ/ /ˈbɪnbaɡ/ binbags n
worek na śmieci wór na śmieci
Synonym of bin liner.

binbashi binbashis n
bimbasza
A major in the Turkish army.

bind /baɪnd/ v
wiązać zawiązać
(transitive) To tie or fasten tightly together, with a cord, band, ligature, chain, etc.
oprawiać oprawić
(transitive) To put together in a cover, as of books.

binder /ˈbaɪndə/ /ˈbaɪndəɹ/ /ˈbaɪndɚ/ /ˈbʌɪndəɹ/ [ˈbəi̯nd(ə)ɹ] binders n
segregator
A cover or holder for unbound papers, pages, etc.
snopowiązałka wiązałka
(agriculture) A machine used in harvesting that ties cut stalks of grain into a bundle.
binder spłaszczak
(LGBT) Material or clothing used in binding or flattening the breasts.

binder clip binder clips n
klips klips biurowy
A simple device for binding a few to many sheets of paper, leaving the sheets intact; a strip of spring steel bent into the shape of an isosceles triangle with loops at the apex.

binding /ˈbaɪndɪŋ/ bindings n
bezpiecznik
An item (usually rope, tape, or string) used to hold two or more things together.

bindle /ˈbɪndl/ /ˈbɪndəl/ bindles n
węzełek
(Canada, US, , slang) Any bundle or package; specifically one containing narcotics such as cocaine, heroin, or morphine.

bindweed /ˈbaɪndwiːd/ bindweeds n
powój
The black bindweed (Fallopia convolvulus).

binge eating disorder n
BED napady objadania się
(medicine) Recurrent binge eating, but without the purging associated with bulimia nervosa.

bingo /ˈbɪŋ.ɡoʊ/ /ˈbɪŋ.ɡəʊ/ interjection
bingo
Used by players of bingo to claim a win.
bingo proszę bardzo
(informal) Used when finding what one has been looking for or trying to recall, or on successful completion of a task.

bingo /ˈbɪŋ.ɡoʊ/ /ˈbɪŋ.ɡəʊ/ bingos n
bingo
(uncountable) A game of chance for two or more players, who mark off numbers on a grid as they are announced by the caller; the game is won by the first person to call out "bingo!" or "house!" after crossing off all numbers on the grid or in one line of the grid.
(countable) A win in such a game.

binitarianism n
binitarianizm
(chiefly, Christianity) The belief, particularly among some Christian sects, that God is two personae (persons), two individuals, or two aspects in one Godhead (or God), these being God the Father and God the Son (Jesus Christ).

binnacle /ˈbɪnəkəl/ binnacles n
naktuz
(nautical) The wooden housing for a ship's compass, with its corrector magnets and illuminating arrangements. The log and other equipment for measuring the ship's speed are also stowed there.

binocular /bɪˈnɒkjʊlɚ/ adj
binokularny binokularowy
Using two eyes or viewpoints; especially, using two eyes or viewpoints to ascertain distance.

binocular /bɪˈnɒkjʊlɚ/ binoculars n
binokular
(dated) Any binocular glass, such as an opera glass, telescope, or microscope.

binoculars /ˈbənˌɒk.jə.lə(ɹ)z/ /ˈbɪnˌɒk.jʊ.lə(ɹ)z/ n
lornetka lorneta
A hand-held device consisting of a series of lenses and prisms, used to magnify objects so that they can be better seen from a distance, and looked at through both eyes.

binomial /baɪˈnoʊ.mi.əl/ /baɪˈnəʊ.mi.əl/ adj
binominalny dwumianowy
Consisting of two terms, or parts.

binomial /baɪˈnoʊ.mi.əl/ /baɪˈnəʊ.mi.əl/ binomials n
dwumian
(algebra) A polynomial with two terms.

binomial nomenclature n
nomenklatura binominalna
(taxonomy) The scientific system of naming each species of organism with a Latinized name in two parts; the first is the genus, and is written with an initial capital letter; the second is some specific epithet that distinguishes the species within the genus. By convention, the whole name is typeset in italics. The genus part is often abbreviated to its initial letter e.g. H. sapiens for Homo sapiens

binormal adj
binormalny dwunormalny

binormal binormals n
binormalna linia dwunormalna linia

binturong /-t(j)ʊɹ-/ /-tju-/ /-ɹɑŋ/ /ˈbɪn.t(j)ʊəˌɹɒŋ/ /ˈbɪn.tuˌɹɔŋ/ binturongs n
binturong
A large species of civet, Arctictis binturong, of southern Asia.

bio /ˈbaɪoʊ/ /ˈbaɪəʊ/ bios n
biogram
biographical sketch

bio- prefix
bio-
life

bioaccumulation bioaccumulations n
bioakumulacja
(biology) The process by which substances accumulate in the tissues of living organisms; used especially of toxic substances that accumulate via a food chain.

bioacoustic adj
bioakustyczny

bioacoustics n
bioakustyka
A cross-disciplinary science that combines biology and acoustics, investigating for instance the mechanisms of sound production and detection.

bioactive more bioactive most bioactive adj
bioaktywny
Biologically active; having a biological effect. [from 20th c.]

bioastronautical adj
bioastronautyczny

bioastronautics n
bioastronautyka

biobibliographical adj
biobibliograficzny

biobibliography biobibliographies n
biobibliografia
A bibliography that also contains a short biography of the author

biocatalysis biocatalyses n
biokataliza
(biochemistry) catalysis using biological catalysts (especially using enzymes)

biocatalyst biocatalysts n
biokatalizator
(biochemistry) A biochemical catalyst; normally an enzyme.

biocenometer biocenometers n
biocenometr

biochemical /ˌbaɪəʊˈkɛmɪkəl/ adj
biochemiczny
of, or relating to biochemistry
characterized by, produced by, or involving chemical processes in living organisms

biochemist biochemists n
biochemiczka biochemik
A chemist whose speciality is biochemistry

biochemistry /ˌbaɪəʊˈkɛmɪstɹi/ biochemistries n
biochemia
(uncountable) The chemistry of those compounds that occur in living organisms, and the processes that occur in their metabolism and catabolism
(countable) The chemical characteristics of a particular living organism

biochore biochores n
biochora

biocidal more biocidal most biocidal adj
biobójczy
Able to kill living organisms, especially microorganisms

biocide /ˈbaɪoʊsaɪd/ /ˈbaɪəʊsaɪd/ biocides n
biocyd
Any action or substance that can destroy living organisms.

bioclimatological adj
bioklimatologiczny

bioclimatology n
bioklimatologia
The interdisciplinary field of science that studies the interactions between the biosphere and the Earth's atmosphere on time scales of the order of seasons or longer (in opposition to biometeorology).

biocoenological adj
biocenologiczny

biocoenology n
biocenologia biocenotyka
The study of biocoenoses.

biocoenosis biocoenoses n
biocenoza
(biology) A community of interacting organisms that form a natural ecological unit.

biocoenotic adj
biocenotyczny

biocorrosion n
biokorozja

biocosmetic biocosmetics n
biokosmetyk

biocybernetic more biocybernetic most biocybernetic adj
biocybernetyczny

biocyberneticist biocyberneticists n
biocybernetyk

biocybernetics n
biocybernetyka

biodegradability biodegradabilities n
biodegradowalność
The capacity of a material to decompose over time as a result of biological activity, especially to be broken down by microorganisms.

biodegradable /(ˌ)baɪoʊdəˈɡɹeɪdəbl̩/ /(ˌ)baɪədəˈɡɹeɪdəbl̩/ more biodegradable most biodegradable adj
biodegradowalny
Capable of being decomposed by biological activity, especially by microorganisms.

biodegradation biodegradations n
biodegradacja
The decomposition of any material by microorganisms.

biodegrade v
biodegradować się
to decompose as a result of biological action, especially by microorganisms

biodiesel biodiesels n
biodiesel
Fuel for diesel engines made from renewable organic raw materials, as opposed to fossil hydrocarbons.

biodiverse more biodiverse most biodiverse adj
biologicznie zróżnicowany
Biotically diverse; having a high degree of biodiversity.

biodiversity /ˌbaɪoʊdɑɪˈvɚsəti/ /ˌbaɪoʊdəˈvɚsəti/ /ˌbaɪə(ʊ)daɪˈvɜːsɪti/ [-ɾi] biodiversities n
bioróżnorodność różnorodność biologiczna
(ecology) The diversity (number and variety of species) of plant and animal life within a region.

biodynamic more biodynamic most biodynamic adj
biodynamiczny
(Anthroposophy, agriculture, pseudoscience) Of, or relating to a form of organic agriculture with mystical and holistic elements, based on the teachings of Rudolf Steiner.

biodynamics n
biodynamika
(agriculture) Biodynamic agricultural practices similar to organic farming.

bioecological adj
bioekologiczny

bioecology bioecologies n
bioekologia

bioelectric adj
bioelektryczny

bioelectricity n
bioprąd
(biology, physics) Any form of electricity generated within an organism, especially by a muscle or nerve.

bioelectronic adj
bioelektroniczny

bioelectronics n
bioelektronika
(biology, electronics) The application of electronics in the field of biology

bioelement bioelements n
biopierwiastek

bioenergetic more bioenergetic most bioenergetic adj
bioenergetyczny
Of or pertaining to bioenergetics

bioenergetics n
bioenergetyka
(biology, physics) The study of the energy transformations that take place in living organisms.
A form of physical therapy according to which physical movements are a means of releasing emotional stress.

bioenergy bioenergies n
bioenergia
Energy produced from a biological resource such as biomass as biofuel.
bioenergia bioprąd
(New Age) A form of spiritual energy or life force.

bioengineer bioengineers n
bioinżynier

bioengineering n
bioinżynieria

bioethical more bioethical most bioethical adj
bioetyczny
Of or pertaining to bioethics

bioethicist bioethicists n
bioetyk

bioethics n
bioetyka
(ethics) The branch of ethics that studies the implications of biological and biomedical advances.

biofact biofacts n
biofakt
(archaeology) a biological artefact, not altered by human hands; e.g. a seed, or an uncarved wooden roof beam.
(philosophy, sociology, the arts) A hybrid of an artefact and a living entity, or between concepts of nature and technology.

biofeedback biofeedbacks n
biofeedback
A technique consisting of measuring a person's quantifiable bodily functions, such as blood pressure, heart rate, skin temperature, sweat gland activity, and muscle tension, then conveying the information to the person in real-time.

biofield biofields n
biopole pole biologiczne

biofilm biofilms n
biofilm
(biology, medicine) A thin film of mucus created by and containing a colony of bacteria and other microorganisms.

biofiltration n
biofiltracja

biofuel /ˈbaɪ.əʊˌfjʊ(.ə)l/ biofuels n
biopaliwo
Any fuel that is obtained from a renewable biological resource, especially from biomass.

biogas biogases biogasses n
agrogaz biogaz
A mixture of methane and carbon dioxide, produced by anaerobic digestion of organic waste matter, used as a fuel

biogenetic adj
biogenetyczny
Of or pertaining to biogenesis.
Of or pertaining to biogenetics.

biogenetics n
biogenetyka inżynieria genetyczna

biogenic adj
biogenny
produced by living organisms, or by a biological process
biogeniczny
essential for the maintenance of life

biogeocenology n
biogeocenologia

biogeochemical adj
biogeochemiczny

biogeochemistry n
biogeochemia
(biology, geology, chemistry, ecology) The scientific study of biological, geological and chemical processes in the natural environment and especially of their mutual relationships

biogeographic adj
biogeograficzny
Of or pertaining to biogeography, the study of the geographical arrangement of plants and animals

biogeography biogeographies n
biogeografia
(biology, geography, uncountable) The study of the geographical distribution of living things.

biographer biographers n
biograf biografka
The writer of a biography; a professional writer of biographies.

biographical more biographical most biographical adj
biograficzny
of or relating to an account of a person's life

biographically adv
biograficznie

biographism biographisms n
biografizm

biography /baɪˈɑɡɹəfi/ /baɪˈɒɡɹəfi/ biographies n
biografia
A person's life story, especially one published.

biogroup biogroups n
biogrupa

biohazard biohazards n
zagrożenie biologiczne
A biological hazard; a source of risk due to some biological factor such as bacteria or human waste.

bioindicator bioindicators n
bioindykator
(biology) Any species that acts as a biological indicator of the health of an environment.

bioinformatics /ˌbaɪoʊˌɪnfɚˈmætɪks/ /ˌbaɪəʊˌɪnfəˈmætɪks/ n
bioinformatyka
(biology, computer science) A field of science in which biology, computer science, and information technology merge into a single discipline to analyse biological information using computers and statistical techniques.

biolith bioliths n
biolit

biological /ˌbaɪ.ə(ʊ)ˈlɒd͡ʒ.ɪ.kəl/ /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/ adj
biologiczny
Of or relating to biology.
Related by consanguinity, especially as to parents and children.

biological psychology biological psychologies n
biopsychologia
(psychology) The application of the principles of biology to the study of mental processes and behavior.

biological warfare n
wojna biologiczna
The use of any harmful organism (such as a bacterium or virus) as a weapon of war.

biological weapon biological weapons n
broń biologiczna
A biological pathogen or toxin designed or used for warfare.

biologically adv
biologicznie
In a biological manner.
With regard to biology.

biologism biologisms n
biologizm

biologist /baɪˈɒləd͡ʒɪst/ biologists n
biolog biolożka
A student of biology; one versed in the science of biology.

biologization biologizations n
biologizacja

biologize v
biologizować

biology /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /baɪˈɒl.ə.d͡ʒɪ/ /baɪˌɑl(ə)ˈd͡ʒi/ biologies n
biologia
The study of all life or living matter.
The structure, function, and behavior of an organism or type of organism.

bioluminescence /ˌbaɪ̯oʊ̯ˌluməˈnɛsəns/ bioluminescences n
bioluminescencja
(biology, biochemistry) The emission of light by a living organism (such as a firefly).

bioluminescent more bioluminescent most bioluminescent adj
bioluminescencyjny
(biology, biochemistry) Exhibiting bioluminescence.

biomass /ˈbaɪoʊˌmæs/ /ˈbaɪə(ʊ)mæs/ biomasses n
biomasa
The total mass of all, or a specified category of, living things within a specific area, habitat, etc.
Organic matter from living things which were recently alive (especially vegetation) used as a fuel or source of energy, especially if cultivated for that purpose; also, fuel produced from such organic matter; biofuel.

biomaterial biomaterials n
biomateriał
A nonviable, biocompatible material used in a medical device, intended to interact with biological systems or to evaluate, treat, augment, or replace any tissue, organ, or function of the body.

biome /ˈbaɪ.oʊm/ biomes n
biom
Any major regional biological community such as that of forest or desert.

biomechanical adj
biomechaniczny
Of or pertaining to biomechanics

biomechanics n
biomechanika
(biology, physics) The branch of biophysics that deals with the mechanics of the human or animal body; especially concerned with muscles and the skeleton.
(biology) The functioning of a particular part of a body.

biomedical /ˌbaɪoʊˈmɛdɪk(ə)l/ /ˌbaɪəʊˈmɛdɪk(ə)l/ adj
biomedyczny
Of or pertaining to biomedicine.

biomedicine biomedicines n
biomedycyna
The branch of medicine that studies the effects of environmental stress on organisms (most often in space travel).

biometeorological adj
biometeorologiczny

biometeorologist biometeorologists n
biometeorolog

biometeorology n
biometeorologia
The study of the relationship between atmospheric conditions (the weather) and living organisms.

biometric adj
biometryczny
Of, pertaining to or using biometrics
Of or pertaining to biometry.

biometrics n
biometria
The automated recognition or authentication of an individual's identity based on their behavioural and biological characteristics, such as iris appearance, fingerprint, or face shape.

biometry biometries n
biometria
The analysis of biological statistics; biostatistics.

biomicroscope biomicroscopes n
biomikroskop

bionic /ˈbɪˌɒn.ɪk/ more bionic most bionic adj
bioniczny
(not comparable) Related to bionics.

bionics /ˈbaɪˌɒnɪks/ n
bionika
The design of engineering systems, especially electronic ones, based on that of biological systems.

bionomics n
bionomia

bionomy bionomies n
bionomia

bioorganic adj
bioorganiczny

biopharmaceutics n
biofarmacja

biophilia /ˌbaɪəʊˈfɪlɪ.ə/ n
biofilia instynkt samozachowawczy
(psychology) The biological drive to preserve oneself; love of life.

biophysical /ˈbaɪəʊˌfɪzɪkəl/ adj
biofizyczny
of or pertaining to biophysics

biophysicist biophysicists n
biofizyk
A biologist or physicist whose speciality is biophysics.

biophysics n
biofizyka
The interdisciplinary science that applies theories and methods of the physical sciences to questions of biology.

bioplasm bioplasms n
biogen

biopolymer biopolymers n
biopolimer
(biochemistry) Any macromolecule of a living organism that is formed from the polymerization of smaller entities; a polymer that occurs in a living organism or results from life.

biopotential biopotentials n
biopotencjał potencjał bioelektryczny

biopreparation biopreparations n
biopreparat

bioprosthesis bioprostheses n
bioproteza

biopsy /ˈbaɪɑpsi/ biopsies n
biopsja
The removal and examination of a sample of tissue, cells, or bodily fluid from a living body for diagnostic purposes.

biopsychic adj
biopsychiczny

bioreactor bioreactors n
bioreaktor
(biochemistry) A vat or pressure vessel, containing microorganisms or biochemically active substances, used for biotechnological processes such as fermentation, waste recycling, or making drugs.

biorhythm biorhythms n
biorytm
(biology) Any cyclic biological or physiological pattern or activity.
(pseudoscience) Any of three sinusoidal graphs, normally plotted by computer, having a person's birthdate as origin, that are claimed to give meaningful information about emotional levels, physical energy levels, and mental/psychic sensitivity.

biorhythmic adj
biorytmiczny

bioscope bioscopes n
bioskop
An early form of movie projector

biosensor biosensors n
biosensor
(biochemistry) Any device that detects, records or transmits physiological data, especially data concerning the presence of chemical compounds (analytes)

biosphere /ˈbaɪəʊˌsfɪə(ɹ)/ biospheres n
biosfera
The part of the Earth and its atmosphere capable of supporting life.

biostimulant biostimulants n
biostymulator

biostimulation biostimulations n
biostymulacja

biostimulator biostimulators n
biostymulator

biostratigraphy n
biostratygrafia
(biology, geology) The study of the stratigraphic distribution of fossils.

biostructure biostructures n
biostruktura

biosynthesis biosyntheses n
biosynteza
(biochemistry) The synthesis of organic compounds within a living organism, especially the synthesis of large compounds from small ones.

biotechnological /ˈbaɪəʊˌtɛk.nə.lɒdʒ.ɪk.əl/ adj
biotechnologiczny
Of or pertaining to biotechnology.

biotechnologist biotechnologists n
biotechnolog
A technologist who works in the field of biotechnology

biotechnology /ˈbaɪəʊˌtɛk.nɒl.əʊ.dʒi/ biotechnologies n
biotechnologia
The use of living organisms (especially microorganisms) in industrial, agricultural, medical and other technological applications.
The application of the principles and practices of engineering and technology to the life sciences.

bioterrorism n
bioterroryzm
Terrorism that involves biological weapons or agents.

bioterrorist /baɪəʊˈtɛɹəɹɪst/ adj
bioterrorystyczny

bioterrorist /baɪəʊˈtɛɹəɹɪst/ bioterrorists n
bioterrorysta

biotic /baɪˈɑ.tɪk/ /baɪˈɒt.ɪk/ adj
biotyczny
(biology) Of, pertaining to, or produced by life or living organisms

biotin /ˈbaɪətɪn/ biotins n
biotyna
(vitamin) A sulfur-containing member of the vitamin B complex, 5-[(3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]pentanoic acid, found in liver, egg yolk, milk, and yeast, essential to the activity of multiple enzyme systems.

biotite /ˈbaɪəˌtaɪt/ biotites n
biotyt
(mineral) A dark brown mica; it is a mixed aluminosilicate and fluoride of potassium, magnesium and iron.

biotitic more biotitic most biotitic adj
biotytowy

biotope biotopes n
biotop
A geographical area that has a uniform biological environment and a uniform distribution of plants and animals

biotron biotrons n
biotron

biotype biotypes n
biotyp

bioweapon /ˈbaɪ.oʊˌwɛ.pən/ /ˈbaɪ.əʊˌwɛ.pən/ bioweapons n
broń biologiczna
Any weapon designed to be used in biological warfare.

bioyogurt bioyogurts n
biogurt

bipartite /baɪˈpɑːtaɪt/ adj
dwuczęściowy
Having two parts.
dwustronny
(of an agreement or contract) Having two participants; joint.
dwudzielny
(botany, of leaves) Divided into two at the base.
(graph theory, of a graph) Having vertices that can be divided into two independent sets (see bigraph)

biped /ˈbaɪpɛd/ bipeds n
dwunożny
An animal, being or construction that goes about on two feet (or two legs).

bipedal adj
dwunogi dwunożny
Having two feet or two legs; biped.

biphenyl biphenyls n
bifenyl
(organic compound, countable) Any substituted or otherwise altered version of biphenyl, such as PCBs

biphobia /ˈbaɪˌfoʊbi.ə/ /ˈbaɪˌfəʊbiːə/ n
bifobia
Antipathy towards bisexuals.

biplane biplanes n
dwupłat dwupłatowiec
(aviation) An airplane that has two main wings, one above the other and supported by struts.

bipod /ˈbaɪpɒd/ bipods n
bipod
A two-legged stand.

bipolar /baɪˈpoʊ.lɚ/ /baɪˈpəʊ.lə/ more bipolar most bipolar adj
dwubiegunowy bipolarny
Involving or having both extremes or poles at the same time.

bipolar disorder bipolar disorders n
zaburzenia dwubiegunowe zaburzenie afektywne dwubiegunowe
(clinical psychology, psychiatry) A psychiatric diagnostic category, previously called manic depression, characterised by mood swings between great energy (mania) and clinical depression.

bipolarism bipolarisms n
bipolarność bipolaryzm

bipolarity bipolarities n
bipolarność
The state of being bipolar.

bipolarization bipolarizations n
bipolaryzacja

biquadratic adj
bikwadratowy dwukwadratowy

birch /bɜːtʃ/ /bɝt͡ʃ/ birches n
brzoza
A hard wood taken from the birch tree, typically used to make furniture.
rózga brzoza
A stick, rod or bundle of twigs made from birch wood, used for punishment.

birch mouse birch mice n
smużka
Any of the species of the genus Sicista, found in Eurasian forests and steppes.

birchen adj
brzozowy
Made from birch wood.

bird /bɘːd/ /bɜd/ /bɜɹd/ /bɜːd/ [bəɪd] [bɝˑɖ] birds n
ptak
A member of the class of animals Aves in the phylum Chordata, characterized by being warm-blooded, having feathers and wings usually capable of flight, having a beaked mouth, and laying eggs.
fak środkowy palec
(with definite article) The vulgar hand gesture in which the middle finger is extended.

bird cherry bird cherries n
czeremcha
Any of several species of cherry trees sometimes grouped in the subgenus Prunus subg. Padus or section Prunus sect. Laurocerasus of Prunus subg. Cerasus.

bird of ill omen birds of ill omen n
posłaniec złych wieści
A person who brings bad news

bird of paradise birds of paradise n
cudowronka rajski ptak
Any of various passerine birds of the family Paradisaeidae native to Oceania. In many of the species the breeding plumage of the males is brightly coloured.

bird of prey birds of prey n
ptak drapieżny
A carnivorous bird that hunts for its food, especially one that preys on land vertebrates.

bird table bird tables n
karmnik
A construction with a tablelike surface, placed outdoors to supply food to birds.

bird's-eye view bird's-eye views n
z lotu ptaka
(idiomatic) The view from directly or high above.

birdbrain /ˈbɚd.bɹeɪn/ /ˈbɜː(ɹ)d.bɹeɪn/ birdbrains n
kurzy móżdżek ptasi móżdżek
(colloquial) Someone who is not intelligent.

birdfeeder birdfeeders n
karmnik
A device placed outdoors to supply food to birds.

birdie /ˈbɜːdi/ /ˈbɝdi/ birdies n
ptaszek ptaszyna
(often, childish) A (little) bird; a birdling.

birdlife n
awifauna ornitofauna
The birds (e.g. of an area) collectively.

birds of a feather flock together proverb
ciągnie swój do swego
(idiomatic) People of similar character, background or taste tend to congregate or associate with one another; it is easier to establish friendships with people that one has a lot in common with.

birdseed birdseeds n
karma
Seed, usually constituting a mixture from several species of plant, set out as food for birds.

birdsong birdsongs n
trel
(ornithology) A vocalisation made by a bird for the purposes of courtship.

birdwatching /ˈbɜː(ɹ)dˌwɒtʃ.ɪŋ/ n
obserwacja ptaków
Observing or identifying wild birds in their natural environment.

bireme biremes n
birema diera
(history) an ancient galley having two banks of oars, one above the other.

biretta birettas n
biret
A square cap, originally with four ridges across the top, surmounted by a tuft, worn by Roman Catholic clergy (and by some in the Anglican Church). A three-sided biretta is worn by Roman Catholic clergy for liturgical celebrations.

birotate /baɪˈɹəʊteɪt/ adj
dwukołowy
Two-wheeled.

birr /bɪə/ /bɪɚ/ birrs n
birr
The currency of Ethiopia, divided into 100 santims.

birth /bɜːð/ /bɜːθ/ /bɝð/ /bɝθ/ births n
narodziny narodzenie urodzenie
(uncountable) The process of childbearing; the beginning of life; the emergence of a human baby or other viviparous animal offspring from the mother's body into the environment.
poród
(countable) An instance of childbirth.

birth certificate birth certificates n
akt urodzenia
An official document certifying the details of a person's birth. Name, date, and parents' names are always present; details such as parents' occupation and religion may be included.

birth control n
antykoncepcja
Voluntary control of the number of children conceived, especially by the planned use of contraception.

birthday /ˈbɜːθ.deɪ/ /ˈbɜːθ.dɪ/ /ˈbɝθˌdeɪ/ birthdays n
urodziny
The anniversary of the day on which something is created.
data urodzenia
The date on which someone is born or something is created, more commonly called birthdate or date of birth.

birthday boy birthday boys n
solenizant
A man or boy whose birthday it is.

birthday cake birthday cakes n
tort urodzinowy
A cake, often iced and decorated, made to celebrate a person's birthday.

birthday girl birthday girls n
solenizantka
A woman or girl whose birthday it is.

birthday party birthday parties n
przyjęcie urodzinowe urodziny
A party held to celebrate a person's birthday.

birthday suit birthday suits n
strój Adama
(idiom, often, humorous) Nakedness, unclothed skin; an exposure of a human's natural anatomy without clothing.

birthmark birthmarks n
znak szczególny znamię
A mark on the skin formed before birth.

birthplace /ˈbɝθˌpleɪs/ birthplaces n
miejsce urodzenia
The location where a person was born.

birthrate birthrates n
współczynnik urodzeń
The ratio of total live births to total population for a specific community or nation in a specified period; often expressed in births per thousand per year

birthright birthrights n
przyrodzone prawo
Something a person is entitled to due to the circumstances of their birth, such as an inheritance or citizenship.

birthright citizenship birthright citizenships n
prawo ziemi
The right (unconditional or near-unconditional) of anyone born in the territory of a state to nationality or citizenship.

birthwort birthworts n
kokornak
Any plant of the genus Aristolochia.

biscuit /bɪs.ˈkwit/ /ˈbɪskɪt/ biscuits n
ciastko herbatnik
(UK, Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, sometimes Canada, rare in the US and the Philippines) A small, flat, baked good which is either hard and crisp or else soft but firm; a cookie.
(chiefly, North America, rare in Scotland and Guernsey) A small, usually soft and flaky bread, generally made with baking soda, which is similar in texture to a scone but which is usually not sweet.
biszkoptowy
A light brown colour.

bisector /ˈbaɪˌsɛktɚ/ bisectors n
dwusieczna
(geometry) A line or curve that bisects or divides a line segment, angle, or other figure into two equal parts.

bisexual /baɪˈsɛk.sju.əl/ /baɪˈsɛk.ʃu.əl/ more bisexual most bisexual adj
biseksualny
(of humans, or, other animals) Sexually attracted to both same-gendered and different-gendered partners. Similar to pansexual
biseksualny dwupłciowy
(rare) Hermaphroditic/intersex, being both male and female, or alternating between being male and being female.

bisexual /baɪˈsɛk.sju.əl/ /baɪˈsɛk.ʃu.əl/ bisexuals n
biseksualista biseks biseksualistka
A person who is bisexual.

bisexuality bisexualities n
biseksualizm
(of humans or other animals) The state of being sexually or romantically attracted to members of either sex or gender.
(chiefly, botany) The state of being .

bisexually more bisexually most bisexually adv
biseksualnie
In a bisexual manner

bishop /ˈbɪʃəp/ bishopess bishops n
biskup
(Christianity) An overseer of congregations: either any such overseer, generally speaking, or (in Eastern Orthodoxy, Catholicism, Anglicanism, etc.) an official in the church hierarchy (actively or nominally) governing a diocese, supervising the church's priests, deacons, and property in its territory.
goniec laufer
(chess) The chess piece denoted ♗ or ♝ which moves along diagonal lines and developed from the shatranj alfil ("elephant") and was originally known as the aufil or archer in English.

bishop's weed bishop's weeds n
aminek większy
Ammi majus (false bishop's weed, laceflower), an umbelliferous plant of the genus Ammi.

bishoplike more bishoplike most bishoplike adj
biskupi

bishoply more bishoply most bishoply adj
biskupi

bishopric /ˈbɪʃəpɹɪk/ bishoprics n
biskupstwo diecezja
A diocese or region of a church which a bishop governs.
biskupstwo
The office or function of a bishop.

bismuth /ˈbɪz.məθ/ bismuths n
bizmut
A chemical element (symbol Bi) with an atomic number of 83: a brittle silvery-white metal.

bismuthate bismuthates n
bizmutan

bismuthinite bismuthinites n
bizmutynit

bisociation bisociations n
bisocjacja

bison /ˈbaɪ̯sən/ /ˈbaɪ̯zən/ bison bisons bisontes n
bizon żubr
A large, wild bovid of the genus Bison.

bisque /bɪsk/ bisques n
biskwit
(ceramics) A form of unglazed earthenware; biscuit.

bisque /bɪsk/ v
biskwitować

bisqueware bisquewares n
wyroby biskwitowe

bistort /ˈbɪs.tɔɹt/ /ˈbɪs.tɔːt/ bistorts n
rdest
Any of several perennial herbs, classified in genera Bistorta, Persicaria, or Polygonum, having spikes of pink flowers.

bistre /ˈbɪstə(ɹ)/ /ˈbɪstɚ/ bistres n
bistr
A brown pigment made from soot, especially from beech wood.
bistr bistrowy
A mid-to-dark brown color resembling the pigment.

bistro /ˈbiːstɹoʊ/ /ˈbiːstɹəʊ/ /ˈbɪstɹoʊ/ /ˈbɪstɹəʊ/ bistros n
bistro
A small restaurant.

bit /bɪt/ bits n
wędzidło
A piece of metal placed in a horse's mouth and connected to the reins to direct the animal.
bit
(mathematics, computing) A binary digit, generally represented as a 1 or 0.
(computing) The smallest unit of storage in a digital computer, consisting of a binary digit.
A rotary cutting tool fitted to a drill, used to bore holes.
kawałek
A small amount of something.
kawałek porcja
A portion of something.

bit by bit adv
krok po kroku po trochu
A small amount at a time

bit player bit players n
figurant figurantka
(theater, film) An actor who has a minor role in a production.

bitch /bɪt͡s/ /bɪt͡ʃ/ bitches n
suka lisica wilczyca
(dated, or, specialised, dog-breeding) A female dog or other canine, particularly a recent mother.
suka bladź pinda
(vulgar, offensive) A despicable or disagreeable, aggressive person, usually a woman. [from 15th c.]
dupa
(obsolete, informal, of a man) A playful variation on dog (sense "man"). [from the 16th c]
cholerstwo diabelstwo
(colloquial, vulgar) A difficult or confounding problem.

bitch /bɪt͡s/ /bɪt͡ʃ/ v
psioczyć
(vulgar, intransitive) To criticize spitefully, often for the sake of complaining rather than in order to have the problem corrected.

bitch fight /ˈbɪtʃ ˈfaɪt/ bitch fights n
walka ciot walka dziwek walka pedałów
(vulgar, slang) a fight between women, gay men, and/or other effeminate people.

bitcoin /ˈbɪtˌkɔɪn/ bitcoin bitcoins n
bitcoin
(countable) A unit of the bitcoin cryptocurrency.

bite /baɪt/ bites n
ugryzienie
The act of biting.
The wound left behind after having been bitten.
ukąszenie
The swelling of one's skin caused by an insect's mouthparts or sting.
kęs
A piece of food of a size that would be produced by biting; a mouthful.

bite /baɪt/ v
kąsać odgryzać odgryźć ukąsić użądlić żądlić
(transitive) To cut into something by clamping the teeth.
gryźć kąsać ukąsić użądlić żądlić
(transitive) To hold something by clamping one's teeth.
gryźć kąsać ugryźć ukąsić
(intransitive) To attack with the teeth.
chwycić chwytać
(intransitive, of a fish) To bite a baited hook or other lure and thus be caught.
kupować
(intransitive) To cause a smarting sensation; to have a property which causes such a sensation; to be pungent.

bite off more than one can chew v
porywać się z motyką na słońce
(idiomatic) To try to do too much; to take on or attempt more than one is capable of doing.

bite one's tongue v
gryźć się w język ugryźć się w język
(idiomatic) To resist the urge to speak out, especially in order to avoid saying something inappropriate or likely to cause a dispute.

bite the bullet v
zacisnąć zęby
(idiomatic) To accept a negative aspect of a situation in order to proceed.

bite the dust v
kopnąć w kalendarz spaść z rowerka
(idiomatic, euphemistic) To die.

bite-sized adj
na jeden kąs
Small enough to be eaten in one bite.
uproszczony
(by extension) Broken down into small pieces that are individually easy to understand or manage.

bitfield bitfields n
pole bitowe

bitmap bitmaps n
bitmapa mapa bitowa
(computing) A series of bits that represents a rasterized graphic image, each pixel being represented as a group of bits.

bitonality n
bitonalność
(music) The simultaneous presence of two keys in a piece of music

bitrate bitrates n
przepływność szybkość transmisji bitów
(computing, telecommunications) The frequency at which bits (binary digits) pass a given physical or metaphorical point, measured in bps (bits per second).

bitstock bitstocks n
korba stolarska
A hand tool consisting of a crank which holds a fitted rotating drill bit tip, designed to bore holes in rigid materials, by cutting a disc in a spiral fashion.

bitter /ˈbɪtə(ɹ)/ /ˈbɪtɚ/ [ˈbɪtʰə] [ˈbɪɾɚ] [ˈbɪʔə] bitterer bitterest more bitter most bitter adj
gorzki
Having an acrid taste (usually from a basic substance).
Harsh, piercing or stinging.
Hateful or hostile.
zgorzkniały gorzki
Cynical and resentful.

bitter bolete bitter boletes n
goryczak
Any fungus of species Tylopilus felleus.

bitter melon /ˈbɪtəɹ ˈmɛlən/ bitter melons n
balsamka ogórkowata przepękla ogórkowata
A vine, Momordica charantia, which produces a bitter, though when properly prepared edible, fruit.

bitter orange bitter oranges n
pomarańcza gorzka
A citrus tree of the species Citrus limetta.
The fruit of these species.

bittercress bittercresses n
gorczycznik pospolity
Barbarea vulgaris (garden yellowrocket), a biennial herb native to Europe.
rzeżucha
Any plant of the Cardamine genus, especially Cardamine bulbosa and Cardamine hirsuta.

bittern /ˈbɪtən/ /ˈbɪtəɹn/ bitterns n
bąk
Several bird species in the Botaurinae subfamily of the heron family Ardeidae.

bitterness /ˈbɪtənəs/ bitternesses n
gorycz gorzkość
The quality of feeling bitter; acrimony, resentment; the quality of exhibiting such feelings.

bittersweet /ˈbɪtɚˌswit/ /ˌbɪtɚˈswit/ [ˈbɪɾɚˌswiʔt̚] more bittersweet most bittersweet adj
słodko-gorzki
Both bitter and sweet.
zaprawiony kroplą goryczy
(figurative) Expressing contrasting emotions of pain and pleasure.

bittersweet /ˈbɪtɚˌswit/ /ˌbɪtɚˈswit/ [ˈbɪɾɚˌswiʔt̚] bittersweets n
psianka słodkogórz
Bittersweet nightshade, Solanum dulcamara.
dławisz
(US) A vine, of the genus Celastrus, having small orange fruit that open to reveal red seeds.

bitumen /baɪˈtumən/ /bɪˈtjumən/ /bɪˈtumən/ /ˈbɪt.jʊ.mɪn/ /ˈbɪt͡ʃ.ʊ.mɪn/ bitumens bitumina n
bitum bitumen bitumin
A sticky, black, highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum, burning with a bright flame. It occurs as an abundant natural product in many places, as on the shores of the Dead and Caspian Seas. It is used in cements, in the construction of pavements, etc.; Mineral pitch.

bituminization bituminizations n
bitumizacja

bituminize v
bitumować
(transitive) to treat with bitumen

bituminous more bituminous most bituminous adj
bitumiczny bitumowy

bituminousness n
bitumiczność

biuret biurets n
biuret

bivalent /baɪˈveɪlənt/ /ˈbɪvələnt/ more bivalent most bivalent adj
dwuwartościowy
(chemistry) Having a valence of 2; having two ligands

bivariance n
bycie [[dwu-]]zmienną

bivariant adj
dwuzmienna
(mathematics) Having two independent variables.

bivouac /ˈbɪv.u.æk/ /ˈbɪv.wæk/ bivouacs n
biwak
An encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering.
A temporary shelter constructed generally for a few nights.

bivouac /ˈbɪv.u.æk/ /ˈbɪv.wæk/ v
biwakować zabiwakować
To set up camp.

bivouacer bivouacers n
biwakowicz biwakowiczka

biwa biwa biwas n
biwa
A plucked lute, originating in the classical and traditional music of Japan, characterized by a pear-shaped body and four or five high frets, giving the instrument a distinctively twangy tone.

biweekly /baɪˈwiːkli/ adj
dwutygodniowy codwutygodniowy
Occurring once every two weeks; fortnightly.
copółtygodniowy
Occurring twice a week.

biweekly /baɪˈwiːkli/ adv
codwutygodniowo dwutygodniowo
Every two weeks.
copółtygodniowo dwa razy na tydzień dwa razy w tygodniu
Twice a week (but see the Usage notes).

biweekly /baɪˈwiːkli/ biweeklies n
dwutygodnik
Something that is published or released once every two weeks.

bizarre /bəˈzɑɹ/ /bəˈzɑː(ɹ)/ /bɪˈzɑɹ/ /bɪˈzɑː(ɹ)/ bizarrer bizarrest more bizarre most bizarre adj
dziwny arcydziwny cudaczny przedziwny
Strangely unconventional; highly unusual and different from common experience, often in an extravagant, fantastic, and/or conspicuous way.

bizarrely more bizarrely most bizarrely adv
arcydziwnie dziwnie kuriozalnie przedziwnie
In a bizarre manner

black /blæk/ blacker blackest more black most black adj
czarny
(of an object) Absorbing all light and reflecting none; dark and hueless.
Bad; evil; ill-omened.
(of objects, markets, etc) Illegitimate, illegal, or disgraced.
Clandestine; relating to a political, military, or espionage operation or site, the existence or details of which is withheld from the general public.
czarny czarnoskóry murzyński
(US, UK, South Africa) Belonging to or descended from any of various sub-Saharan African ethnic groups which typically have dark pigmentation of the skin.
(sometimes capitalized) Belonging to or descended from any of various (African, Aboriginal, etc) ethnic groups which typically have dark pigmentation of the skin. (See usage notes below.)
(board games, chess) Of or relating to the playing pieces of a board game deemed to belong to the "black" set (in chess, the set used by the player who moves second) (often regardless of the pieces' actual colour).
Occult; relating to something (such as mystical or magical knowledge) which is unknown to or kept secret from the general public.
(taxonomy, especially) Dark in comparison to another species with the same base name.

black /blæk/ blacks n
czerń czarny
(countable, and, uncountable) The colour/color perceived in the absence of light, but also when no light is reflected, but rather absorbed.
(British, countable) A type of firecracker that is really more dark brown in colour.
murzyn murzynka czarny
(sometimes capitalised, countable, often, offensive) A member of descendant of any of various (African, Aboriginal, etc) ethnic groups which typically have dark pigmentation of the skin. (See usage notes.)
(in chess and similar games, countable) The person playing with the black set of pieces.
A dark smut fungus, harmful to wheat.

black alder black alders n
olsza czarna
(countable, uncountable) A tree (Alnus glutinosa), of many practical uses, growing in moist conditions in Europe.

black and white more black and white most black and white adj
czarno na białym
(of an image, a video, etc: in black, white, and perhaps shades of grey, rather than in colour)
(figuratively, idiomatic) Easily divided into diametrically opposing camps or schools of thought.

black antshrike black antshrikes n
chronka czarna
A passerine bird of the antbird family, Thamnophilus nigriceps.

black art black arts n
czarna magia
(often, in the plural) A practice such as witchcraft, sorcery, necromancy, or black magic.

black bile n
czarna żółć

black bloc black blocs n
czarny blok
Any group of individuals who join a protest or demonstration, wearing black clothing including items to protect and/or conceal their faces and often engaging in violence and vandalism; the tactic of forming and participating in such a group.

black box black boxes n
czarna skrzynka
(informal, aviation) A flight recorder; the brightly colored cockpit voice recorders and flight data recorders in an aircraft designed to aid in determining the cause of an accident.
A theoretical construct or device with known input and output characteristics but unknown method of operation.

black caraway black caraways n
czarnuszka siewna
A Middle-Eastern spice plant related to buttercups, Nigella sativa, with dark black, aromatic seeds.
czarnuszka
These seeds as spice.

black cat black cats n
czarnego kota czarny kot
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see black,‎ cat.

black child black children n
Murzynek
(This entry is a translation hub.)

black crowned crane black crowned cranes n
koronnik czarny
Balearica pavonina, a bird of the crane (Gruidae) family

black dwarf black dwarfs n
czarny karzeł
(astronomy) A hypothesized white dwarf that has cooled down and no longer emits visible light.

black eye black eyes n
limo podbite oko podkowa
An eye which has been bruised showing noticeable hematoma, especially after receiving a blow.

black frost black frosts n
przymrozek
Cold so intense as to freeze vegetation and turn it black, without the formation of hoar frost.

black gold n
czarne złoto
(informal, idiomatic) Raw petroleum; crude oil.

black grouse /ˈblæk ɡɹɑʊs/ black grouses n
cietrzew
A large, black bird with a lyre-shaped tail, Lyrurus tetrix (syn. Tetrao tetrix).

black guillemot black guillemots n
nurnik białoskrzydły
A seabird, Cepphus grylle, of the auk family (Alcidae).

black hole /blæk ˈhoʊl/ /blæk ˈhəʊl/ black holes n
czarna dziura
(astronomy) A gravitationally domineering celestial body with an event horizon from which even light cannot escape; the most dense material in the universe, condensed into a singularity, usually formed by a collapsing massive star. [from 20th c.]

black humor n
czarny humor
(uncountable) A subgenre of comedy and satire that deals with subjects that are believed to be serious or controversial, such as death, divorce, drug abuse, etc.

black ice n
gołoledź czarny lód szklanka ślizgawica ślizgawka
A smooth, barely visible, and dangerously slippery film of ice, usually over a dark surface, such as rock or pavement.

black legend black legends n
czarna legenda

black letter black letters n
gotyk
(typography) A Northern European style of type, with contrasting thick-and-thin, angular strokes forming upright letterforms, and usually set with a dark typographic colour on the page.

black locust black locusts n
robinia
A tree, Robinia pseudoacacia, in the subfamily Faboideae of the pea family Fabaceae, native to the southeastern United States, but widely planted and naturalized elsewhere in temperate North America, Europe and Asia; considered an invasive species in some areas.

black magic n
czarna magia
Magic derived from evil forces, as distinct from good or benign forces; or magic performed with the intention of doing harm.

black market black markets n
czarny rynek
Trade that is in violation of restrictions, rationing, or price controls.

black match black matches n
lont z prochem czarnym

black mulberry black mulberries n
morwa czarna
Edible fruit of this tree.

black olive black olives n
czarna oliwka
An olive picked after it has ripened; as opposed to a green olive which is picked before ripening.

black panther /blak ˈpænθə/ /ˈblæk ˈpænθɚ/ black panthers n
czarna pantera
A melanistic colour variant of the leopard (Panthera pardus) or the jaguar (Panthera onca).

black pepper n
pieprz czarny pieprz
The dried, unripe berries (peppercorns) of the Piper nigrum plant which are commonly used as a spice and seasoning. They are either used whole, or in a ground or crushed form.

black pudding black puddings n
kaszanka
A blood sausage made from pork blood, a high proportion of cereal (oats or barley), and spices; eaten at breakfast and combined in starters and salads.

black rat black rats n
szczur śniady
A common species of rat, Rattus rattus, originating anciently in Asia but now distributed worldwide.

black redstart black redstarts n
kopciuszek
A small passerine bird, Phoenicurus ochruros, from south and central Europe

black rhinoceros black rhinoceros black rhinoceroses n
nosorożec czarny
A species of rhinoceros, Diceros bicornis, in the family Rhinocerotidae.

black rice black rices n
ryż czarny
A type of rice of the species Oryza sativa L. which is black or dark purple in colour and often glutinous.

black salsify black salsifies n
wężymord czarny korzeń skorzonera wężymord
A perennial member of the sunflower family (Asteraceae), cultivated as a root vegetable (Pseudopodospermum hispanicum, syn. Scorzonera hispanica).

black sheep black sheep n
czarna owca
(idiomatic) A person who is not wholesome, honest, or trustworthy.

black skimmer black skimmers n
brzytwodziób amerykański
A bird (Rynchops niger) native to the Americas.

black smoker black smokers n
czarny komin
(geology, oceanography) A kind of hydrothermal vent found on the seabed, emitting clouds of black material.

black stork black storks n
bocian czarny
Ciconia nigra, a large bird in the stork family Ciconiidae.

black supremacy /ˈblæk suˈpɹɛməsi/ n
czarna supremacja
The ideology which holds that the black race is superior to all others.

black swan /blæk ˈswɑn/ /blæk ˈswɒn/ black swans n
łabędź czarny
Cygnus atratus, a swan with black plumage and a red bill which is endemic to Australia. [from c. 1700]

black tea black teas n
czarna herbata
Tea leaves which have been "fermented" (actually, oxidized) before drying to enhance their flavour (cf. green tea).

black woodpecker /ˈblækˈwʊdpɛkə(ɹ)/ black woodpeckers n
dzięcioł czarny dzięcioł czarny
Any of species Dryocopus martius of woodpeckers (family Picidae).

black-and-white more black-and-white most black-and-white adj
czarno-biały monochromatyczny
Of art, a photograph or photography, using shades of grey rather than shades of any other color.
Of a television or monitor, displaying images in shades of grey rather than color.

black-and-white television black-and-white televisions n
telewizja czarno-biała
A monochrome system of transmitting and receiving television signals.
telewizor czarno-biały
A television set that displays only monochrome images.

black-billed capercaillie black-billed capercaillies n
głuszec czarnodzioby
A large black grouse endemic to Siberia, closely related to western capercaillie; Tetrao parvirostris.

black-billed magpie black-billed magpies n
sroka czarnodzioba
Pica hudsonia, a magpie native to North America.

black-box function black-box functions n
funkcja czarnej skrzynki

black-capped chickadee black-capped chickadees n
sikora jasnoskrzydła
Poecile atricapillus, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

black-crested antshrike black-crested antshrikes n
mrowiec czarnoczuby
A South American passerine bird in the antbird family, living in undergrowth in mangrove or other swampy forest and thickets near water, Sakesphorus canadensis.

black-crowned night heron black-crowned night herons n
ślepowron
A medium-sized heron, Nycticorax nycticorax, found throughout a large part of the world, except in the coldest regions and Australasia.

black-eyed pea black-eyed peas n
fasolnik chiński fasolnik wężowy wspięga wężowata
An African leguminous plant, of the species Vigna unguiculata, widely cultivated as food and forage, specifically Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata.

black-faced bunting black-faced buntings n
trznadel szarogłowy
Emberiza spodocephala, a passerine bird in the bunting family Emberizidae.

black-haired adj
czarnowłosy
having hair of a black color.

black-headed bunting black-headed buntings n
trznadel czarnogłowy
Emberiza melanocephala, a passerine bird in the bunting family Emberizidae.

black-headed gull black-headed gulls n
mewa śmieszka śmieszka
A small gull, Chroicocephalus ridibundus, which breeds in much of Europe and Asia, and also in coastal eastern Canada.

black-hooded antshrike black-hooded antshrikes n
chronka żałobna
A passerine bird of the antbird family, Thamnophilus bridgesi

black-legged kittiwake black-legged kittiwakes n
mewa trójpalczasta
A seabird species in the gull family Laridae, Rissa tridactyla.

black-necked crane black-necked cranes n
żuraw czarnoszyi
Grus nigricollis, a bird of the crane (Gruidae) family, native to Asia

black-throated accentor black-throated accentors n
płochacz czarnogardły
Prunella atrogularis, a small passerine bird in the family Prunellidae

black-throated antshrike black-throated antshrikes n
mrówkodzierzb czarnogardly
a passerine bird of the antbird family, Frederickena viridis.

black-throated thrush black-throated thrushes n
drozd czarnogardły
Turdus atrogularis, a migratory Asian thrush with a black throat

black-winged kite black-winged kites n
kaniuk zwyczajny
Elanus caeruleus, a small diurnal bird of prey in the family Accipitridae.

black-winged pratincole black-winged pratincoles n
żwirowiec stepowy
A wader, Glareola nordmanni.

blackberry /ˈblækbəɹi/ /ˈblækbɛɹi/ /ˈblækbɹi/ blackberries n
jeżyna ostrężyna ożyna
A fruit-bearing shrub of the aggregate species Rubus fruticosus and some hybrids.

blackbird /ˈblakbəːd/ /ˈblækˌbɚd/ blackbirds n
kos kos zwyczajny
A common true thrush, Turdus merula, found in woods and gardens over much of Eurasia, and introduced elsewhere.

blackboard /ˈblækboɹd/ /ˈblækbɔɹd/ /ˈblækbɔːd/ blackboards n
tablica
A large flat surface, finished with black slate or a similar material, that can be written upon with chalk and subsequently erased; a chalkboard.

blackbody blackbodies n
ciało doskonale czarne
(physics) a theoretical body, approximated by a hole in a hollow black sphere, that absorbs all incident electromagnetic radiation and reflects none; it has a characteristic emission spectrum

blackcurrant /ˈblækˌkɜɹənt/ /ˈblækˌkʌɹənt/ blackcurrants n
czarna porzeczka
The berry borne by this shrub.

blacken /ˈblækən/ v
czernieć poczernieć sczernieć
(intransitive, ergative) To become black.
czernić zaczernić
(transitive, causative) To make dirty.
oczerniać oczernić
To defame or sully.

blackish /ˈblækɪʃ/ more blackish most blackish adj
czarnawy
somewhat black

blackish-gray antshrike blackish-gray antshrikes n
chronka ciemna
A passerine bird of the antbird family, Thamnophilus nigrocinereus.

blackjack /ˈblækd͡ʒæk/ blackjacks n
blackjack
(card games) A common gambling card game in casinos, where the object is to get as close to 21 without going over.

blackleg blacklegs n
szuler
(countable) A person who cheats in a game; a cheater, especially a dishonest bookmaker. [from 18th c.]

blacklist /ˈblæklɪst/ blacklists n
czarna lista wilczy bilet
(legal, computing) A list or set of people or entities to be shunned or banned, disallowed or blocked.

blacklist /ˈblæklɪst/ v
włączyć do czarnej listy
(transitive) To place on a blacklist; to mark a person or entity as one to be shunned or banned.

blackmail n
szantaż
The extortion of money or favours by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure.

blackmail v
szantażować
(Kenya) To speak ill of someone; to defame someone.

blackmailer blackmailers n
szantażysta szantażystka
Someone who blackmails.

blackness /ˈblæknəs/ blacknesses n
czerń
The state or quality of being black in colour.

blackout /ˈblæk.aʊt/ /ˈblæk.ʌʊt/ blackouts n
zamroczenie
A temporary loss of consciousness.
zanik pamięci
A temporary loss of memory.

blackshirt blackshirts n
czarna koszula
(historical, chiefly, in the plural) A uniformed member of a paramilitary wing of the Italian Fascist Party.

blacksmith /ˈblæk.smɪθ/ blacksmiths n
kowal
A person who forges iron.

blackthorn /ˈblækˌθɔɹn/ /ˈblækˌθɔːn/ blackthorns n
tarnina śliwa tarnina tarka tarń
A large shrub or small tree, Prunus spinosa, that is native to Europe, western Asia, and north Africa. It has a dark bark and bears thorns.

blacktop /ˈblæktɒp/ blacktops n
bitum
(US, uncountable) Asphalt concrete or similar bituminous black paving material used for the surface of roads (e.g., tarmacadam, tarmac). [from 20th c.]

bladder /ˈblædə/ /ˈblædɚ/ bladders n
pęcherz
(zoology) A flexible sac that can expand and contract and that holds liquids or gases.
(botany) A hollow, inflatable organ of a plant.
The inflatable bag inside various balls used in sports, such as footballs and rugby balls.

bladder cherry bladder cherries n
miechunka rozdęta
A plant, Alkekengi officinarum (syn. Physalis alkekengi), having a bright paper-like covering over its fruit, native to southern Europe.

bladder wrack bladder wracks n
baniopień
Nereocystis luetkeana, kelp common on the northeastern Pacific coast.

bladdernut bladdernuts n
kłokoczka
Any of several species of large shrubs or small trees, of the genus Staphylea, in the family Staphyleaceae

bladderpod bladderpods n
lobelia rozdęta
Any of various flowering plants, including Cleome isomeris (= Isomeris arborea), Peritoma arborea, Lobelia inflata, and species of Physaria (= Lesquerella) and Paysonia.

bladderwort bladderworts n
pływacz
Any of many aquatic carnivorous plants, of the genus Utricularia, that have open bladders that trap minute insects and crustaceans.

blade /bleɪd/ blades n
ostrze
The (typically sharp-edged) part of a knife, sword, razor, or other tool with which it cuts.
końcówka pióro płoza łopata łopatka
The flat functional end or piece of a propeller, oar, hockey stick, chisel, screwdriver, skate, etc.
źdźbło
The narrow leaf of a grass or cereal.
karkówka
A cut of beef from near the shoulder blade (part of the chuck).
skrzydło łopata łopatka źdźbło
(biology) The four large shell plates on the sides, and the five large ones of the middle, of the carapace of the sea turtle, which yield the best tortoise shell.
ostrze końcówka pióro płoza łopata łopatka
(mathematics) An exterior product of vectors. (The product may have more than two factors. Also, a scalar counts as a 0-blade, a vector as a 1-blade; an exterior product of k vectors may be called a k-blade.)

blade of grass blades of grass n
źdźbło
A single long, narrow leaf of a plant described by the mass noun grass.

bladed /ˈbleɪdɪd/ adj
sieczny
Having a blade; having the specified number or type of blades.

blagger /ˈblæɡɚ/ blaggers n
bajerant bajerantka blagier blagierka koloryzator picer
(informal) A smooth talker, a persuasive person.

blague blagues n
blaga

blah /bla/ /blɑː/ blahs n
ecie-pecie ple ple
(uncountable, informal) Nonsense; drivel; idle, meaningless talk.

blah blah blah interjection
ple ple
A stand-in for trivial, obvious, or boring content.

blame /bleɪm/ n
wina
(computing) A source control feature that can show which user was responsible for a particular portion of the source code.

blame /bleɪm/ v
obwiniać obwinić winić
(transitive, usually followed by "for") To assert or consider that someone is the cause of something negative; to place blame, to attribute responsibility (for something negative or for doing something negative).

blanc blancs n
blansz
A white cosmetic.

blanch /blænt͡ʃ/ /blɑːnt͡ʃ/ v
blanszować zblanszować
(transitive, cooking) To cook by dipping briefly into boiling water, then directly into cold water.

blancher /ˈblænt͡ʃɚ/ /ˈblɑːnt͡ʃɚ/ blanchers n
blanszownik
A machine for blanching or whitening.

blancmange /bləˈmɑndʒ/ /bləˈmɑnʒ/ /bləˈmɒndʒ/ /bləˈmɒnʒ/ blancmanges n
blamanż
A simple dessert made by cooking sweetened milk with cornstarch and vanilla.

bland /blænd/ blander blandest adj
uspakajający
Having a soothing effect; not irritating or stimulating.
bez smaku mdły nijaki bezbarwny blady
Lacking in taste or flavor.
delikatny łagodny
(now, _, rare) Mild; soft, gentle, balmy; smooth in manner; suave.

blandly /ˈblændli/ more blandly most blandly adv
bezbarwnie bezpłciowo

blandness blandnesses n
bezbarwność bezpłciowość nijakość
The state, quality, or characteristic of being bland.

blank /blæŋk/ blanker blankest more blank most blank adj
bezbarwny
(archaic) White or pale; without colour.
czysty pusty niewypełniony niezadrukowany niezapisany
Free from writing, printing, or marks; having an empty space to be filled in

blank /blæŋk/ blanks n
puste miejsce
A space to be filled in on a form or template.
An empty space; a void, for example on a paper [since the 16th century].
spacja
The space character; the character resulting from pressing the space bar on a keyboard.
ślepy nabój
(firearms) Short for blank cartridge. [since the 19th century].

blank verse blank verses n
wiersz biały
(poetry) A poetic form with regular meter, particularly iambic pentameter, but no fixed rhyme scheme.

blanket /ˈblæŋkɪt/ blankets n
koc
A heavy, loosely woven fabric, usually large and woollen, used for warmth while sleeping or resting.

blaspheme /ˈblæs.fim/ /ˌblæsˈfiːm/ /ˌblɑːsˈfiːm/ v
bluźnić zbluźnić
(intransitive) To commit blasphemy; to speak against God or religious doctrine.

blasphemer blasphemers n
bluźnierca
One who commits blasphemy; a person who mocks or derides a deity or religion, or claims to be God.

blasphemous /ˈblæs.fəm.əs/ /ˈblæs.fəm.ʌs/ more blasphemous most blasphemous adj
bluźnierczy
Lacking piety or respect for the sacred. Resembling blasphemy.

blasphemously more blasphemously most blasphemously adv
bluźnierczo

blasphemy /ˈblæs.fə.mi/ blasphemies n
bluźnierstwo blasfemia profanacja świętokradztwo
An act of irreverence or contempt toward a god or toward something considered sacred; an impious act, utterance, view, etc.

blast /blæst/ /blɑːst/ blasts n
wybuch eksplozja
An explosive charge for blasting.

blast furnace blast furnaces n
wielki piec
(metallurgy) As above, but specifically such a furnace where the fuel and the ore are intermixed, as for example when coke and iron ore are burned together.

blastema blastemas blastemata n
blastema
(physiology) A clump of undifferentiated cells or blasts, from which an organ or body part will develop, either during the normal growth of an embryo or in the regeneration of a lost body part.

blasto- prefix
blasto-
bud; budding; germination

blastocoel blastocoels n
blastocel
The fluid-filled cavity in a blastula.

blastocyst blastocysts n
blastocysta
(biology) The mammalian blastula

blastoderm /ˈblæstəˌdɚm/ blastoderms n
blastoderma
(embryology) The germination point in an ovum from which the embryo develops.

blastoid blastoids n
blastoid
(paleontology) A member of an extinct class of echinoderms, the Blastoidea.

blastomere blastomeres n
blastomer
(biology) Any cell that results from division of a fertilized egg.

blastomycosis blastomycoses n
blastomykoza

blastopore blastopores n
pragęba
(embryology) The opening into the archenteron

blastula blastulae blastulas n
blastula
(embryology) An early form in the development of an embryo, consisting of a spherical layer of cells filled with fluid; a blastosphere.

blasé /blɑˈzeɪ/ /ˈblɑːzeɪ/ more blasé most blasé adj
zblazowany
Unimpressed with something because of over-familiarity.

blat /blæt/ n
blat
The Soviet system of connections and social relationships; one's social or business network (in Russian or Soviet society).

blatant /ˈbleɪtənt/ more blatant most blatant adj
krzykliwy rażący
Obvious, on show; unashamed; loudly obtrusive or offensive.

blather /blæðə(ɹ)/ n
bredzenie
(pejorative) Nonsensical or foolish talk.

blather /blæðə(ɹ)/ v
bajtlować zbajtlować
(intransitive, pejorative) To talk rapidly without making much sense.

blazar /ˈbleɪ.zɑɹ/ blazars n
blazar
(galaxy) A very compact quasar, associated with a supermassive black hole at the center of an active galaxy.

blazer /ˈbleɪzə/ /ˈbleɪzɚ/ blazers n
blezer
A semi-formal jacket.

blazon /ˈbleɪzən/ blazons n
blazonowanie
(heraldry) A coat of arms or a banner depicting a coat of arms.

blazon /ˈbleɪzən/ v
blazonować
(transitive) To describe a coat of arms.

bleach /bliːt͡ʃ/ [blit͡ʃ] [bliːt͡ʃ] bleaches n
wybielacz
(uncountable) A chemical, such as sodium hypochlorite or hydrogen peroxide, or a preparation of such a chemical, used for disinfecting or whitening.

bleach /bliːt͡ʃ/ [blit͡ʃ] [bliːt͡ʃ] v
bielić wybielić
(transitive) To treat with bleach, especially so as to whiten (fabric, paper, etc.) or lighten (hair).

bleacher /ˈbli.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈbliː.t͡ʃə/ bleachers n
trybuna
(US, usually, in the plural) A stand of tiered planks used as seating for spectators, often outdoors.

bleachery bleacheries n
bielarnia

bleak /bliːk/ bleak bleaks n
ukleja
A small European river fish (Alburnus alburnus), of the family Cyprinidae.

blear /blɪə(ɹ)/ more blear most blear adj
kaprawy mętny
(of eyes or vision) Dim, unclear from water or rheum.

blear /blɪə(ɹ)/ v
zamglić
(transitive) To make (usually the eyes or eyesight) blurred or dim.

bleary /ˈblɪəɹi/ /ˈblɪɹi/ blearier bleariest adj
wyczerpany zmęczony
Tired, having senses dulled by exhaustion.

bleat /ˈbliːt/ bleats n
bek
The characteristic cry of a sheep or a goat.

bleat /ˈbliːt/ v
beczeć
Of a sheep or goat, to make its characteristic cry; of a human, to mimic this sound.
(informal, derogatory) Of a person, to complain.

bleaty more bleaty most bleaty adj
bekliwy

bleed /ˈbliːd/ bleeds n
krwawienie krwotok
An incident of bleeding, as in haemophilia.
krawędź
(printing) A narrow edge around a page layout, to be printed but cut off afterwards (added to allow for slight misalignment, especially with pictures that should run to the edge of the finished sheet).

bleed /ˈbliːd/ v
krwawić
(intransitive, of a person, animal or body part) To shed blood through an injured blood vessel.
puszczać z torbami puścić z torbami
(transitive) To take large amounts of money from.
krwawić powoli tracić
(transitive) To steadily lose (something vital).
rozprzestrzeniać się
(intransitive, of an ink or dye) To spread from the intended location and stain the surrounding cloth or paper.
odpowietrzać odpowietrzyć
(transitive) To remove air bubbles from a pipe containing other fluids.
stukać stuknąć
(transitive) To tap off high-pressure gas (usually air) from a system that produces high-pressure gas primarily for another purpose.

bleed out v
wykrwawiać się wykrwawić się
(intransitive) To die due to excess bloodloss; to bleed to death.

bleeder /ˈblidɚ/ /ˈbliːdə/ bleeders n
hemofilik
A person who is easily made to bleed, or who bleeds in unusually large amounts, particularly a hemophiliac.

bleeding /ˈbliːdɪŋ/ bleedings n
krwawienie
The flow or loss of blood from a damaged blood vessel.

blend /blɛnd/ blends n
mieszanka
A mixture of two or more things.

blended family blended families n
rodzina patchworkowa
A stepfamily in which both new mates have one or more living children from prior partners.

blender /ˈblɛn.də/ /ˈblɛn.dɚ/ blenders n
blender mikser
A machine with sharp rotating blades in a bowl, for mashing, crushing, or liquefying food ingredients.

blepharoplasty blepharoplasties n
plastyka powiek
(surgery) Plastic surgery on the eyelid to improve vision or for cosmetic reasons.

blepharoptosis n
blefaroptoza
The drooping of the upper eyelid.

bless /blɛs/ v
błogosławić
(Perl, _, programming, transitive, past tense only blessed) To turn (a reference) into an object.

bless you /ˈblɛs juː/ interjection
na zdrowie
(idiomatic) Said to someone who has just sneezed, as a polite remark.

blessed /blɛst/ /ˈblɛsɪd/ more blessed most blessed adj
błogosławiony
Having divine aid, or protection, or other blessing.
(Roman Catholicism) A title indicating the beatification of a person, thus allowing public veneration of those who have lived in sanctity or died as martyrs.

blessed thistle blessed thistles n
drapacz
Centaurea benedicta (formerly usually called Cnicus benedictus), a thistle-like plant native to the Mediterranean.

blessedness /ˈblɛsɪdnɪs/ blessednesses n
błogostan błogość
The condition or state of being blessed; holy.

blessing /ˈblɛs.ɪŋ/ blessings n
błogosławieństwo
Some kind of divine or supernatural aid, or reward.
A pronouncement invoking divine aid.
Good fortune.
The act of declaring or bestowing favor; approval.
Something someone is glad of.

blessing in disguise blessings in disguise n
szczęście w nieszczęściu
A seeming misfortune that turns out to be for the best.

blight /blaɪt/ blights n
zgnilizna
(pathology, dated) A diseased condition of the face or skin; specifically, bleeding under the conjunctiva of the eye, a form of skin rash, or a palsy of the face due to cold.

blighter blighters n
gagatek ziółko
(British, Irish, Commonwealth, often, disrespectful) A person, usually male, especially one who behaves in an objectionable or pitiable manner.

blimp /blɪmp/ blimps n
sterowiec sterowiec ciśnieniowy
(aviation) An airship constructed with a non-rigid lifting agent container.

blind /blaɪnd/ blinder blindest adj
ślepy niewidomy
(not comparable) Unable to see, or only partially able to see.
na ślepo w ciemno
(not comparable) Without any prior knowledge.

blind /blaɪnd/ blinds n
zasłona
A movable covering for a window to keep out light, made of cloth or of narrow slats that can block light or allow it to pass.

blind /blaɪnd/ v
oślepiać oślepić
(transitive) To make temporarily or permanently blind.

blind carbon copy blind carbon copies n
kopia ukryta ukryta kopia ukryte do wiadomości
(Internet) A copy of an email message that is sent to a person (often one of many) other than the primary recipient without the express knowledge of the other recipients.

blind date blind dates n
randka w ciemno
(idiomatic) A date (romantic meeting) between two people who have never met before.

blind drunk adj
nawalony jak Messerschmitt pijany jak bela pijany jak szewc pijany jak świnia pijany w sztok urżnięty
So intoxicated as to appear to have difficulty seeing.

blind hole blind holes n
ślepy otwór

blind leading the blind phraseologicalUnit
ślepiec prowadzi ślepca
(idiomatic) A situation in which an unqualified person is attempting to guide, advise, or train others.

blind man's buff n
ciuciubabka ślepa babka
(Britain, games) A game where one person is blindfolded and tries to catch the other players.

blind spot blind spots n
plamka ślepa plamka Mariotte'a
The place where the optic nerve attaches to the retina, and so where the retina cannot detect light.
martwe pole
(rail transport) The part of the railway/tramway track that cannot be seen in the side mirror or the side window.

blindage blindages n
blindaż
(military) A cover or protection for an advanced trench or approach, formed of fascines and earth supported by a framework.

blindly /ˈblaɪndli/ more blindly most blindly adv
po omacku na oślep
In a blind manner; without sight.
po omacku
Without consideration or question.

blindness /ˈblaɪndnəs/ blindnesses n
ślepota
The condition of being blind; unable to see.

blindside /ˈblaɪndˌsaɪd/ v
zaskakiwać zaskoczyć
(transitive, figurative, informal) To catch off guard; to take by surprise.

blini blini blinis n
blin
A small pancake, of Russian origin, made from buckwheat flour; traditionally served with melted butter, sour cream and caviar or smoked salmon.

blink /blɪŋk/ v
migać mignąć
To shine, especially with intermittent light; to twinkle; to flicker; to glimmer, as a lamp.
mrugać mrugnąć
(intransitive) To close and reopen both eyes quickly.
migać mrugać
To flash on and off at regular intervals.
mrugnąć
To send a signal with a lighting device.

blink of an eye blinks of an eye n
okamgnienie
(idiom) A moment (a very short period of time).

blinker /ˈblɪŋkə/ /ˈblɪŋkəɹ/ blinkers n
klapka
Chiefly in the plural: a shield attached to the bridle of a horse or other domesticated animal to prevent it from seeing things behind it and to its side.
(rare) The eyelid.
(slang) A black eye.

blintz blintzes n
blin

bliss /blɪs/ blisses n
błogostan błogość
Perfect happiness.

blissful more blissful most blissful adj
błogi
Extremely happy; full of joy; experiencing, indicating, causing, or characterized by bliss.

blissfully /ˈblɪsfli/ /ˈblɪsfəli/ more blissfully most blissfully adv
błogo
In a blissful, happy or joyful manner.

blister /ˈblɪstə(ɹ)/ /ˈblɪstɚ/ blisters n
pęcherz bąbel pęcherzyk
A small bubble between the layers of the skin that contains watery or bloody fluid and is caused by friction and pressure, burning, freezing, chemical irritation, disease, or infection.

blister pack blister packs n
blister
One of several types of pre-formed plastic packaging, used for consumer goods and pharmaceuticals, consisting of a cavity and lidding.

blistered more blistered most blistered adj
bąblasty
Having one or more blisters

blisterlike more blisterlike most blisterlike adj
bąblisty

blithely /ˈblaɪðli/ more blithely most blithely adv
beztrosko niefrasobliwie

blitzkrieg blitzkriegs n
blitzkrieg wojna błyskawiczna
A fast military offensive, typically involving a large and highly mobile tank force with air support.

blizzard /ˈblɪ.zəd/ /ˈblɪ.zɚd/ blizzards n
zamieć zadymka śnieżyca
A large snowstorm accompanied by strong winds and greatly reduced visibility caused by blowing snow.
nawał nawała
(figuratively) A large amount of paperwork.
(figuratively) A large number of similar things.

bloc /blɑk/ /blɒk/ blocs n
blok
A group of voters or politicians who share common goals.
A group of countries acting together for political or economic goals, an alliance: e.g., the eastern bloc, the western bloc, a trading bloc, the Eurozone, the European Union.

block /blɑk/ /blɒk/ blocks n
bloczydło blok
(cellular automata) In Conway's Game of Life, a still life consisting of four living cells arranged in a two-by-two square.
blok
A substantial, often approximately cuboid, piece of any substance.
(philately) A joined group of four (or in some cases nine) postage stamps, forming a roughly square shape.
(computing) A logical data storage unit containing one or more physical sectors.
(programming) A region of code in a program that acts as a single unit, such as a function or loop.
(volleyball) A defensive play by one or more players meant to deflect a spiked ball back to the hitter’s court.

block /blɑk/ /blɒk/ v
blokować zablokować zablokowywać
(transitive) To fill or obstruct (something) so that it is not possible to pass.
(transitive) To prevent (something or someone) from passing.
(transitive) To prevent (something from happening or someone from doing something).
(transitive, sports) To impede (an opponent or opponent's play).
(transitive, theater) To specify the positions and movements of the actors for (a section of a play or film).

block and tackle block and tackles blocks and tackles n
wielokrążek
A system in which a rope, cable, or chain (the tackle) is passed over pulleys enclosed in two (or rarely more) blocks, one fixed and one attached to a load, which is used to gain mechanical advantage to lift or pull heavy loads.

block capital block capitals n
drukowana litera
A capital letter written by hand.

block letter block letters n
drukowana litera
A letter written in clear, unjoined handwriting.

blockade /blɑˈkeɪd/ /blɒˈkeɪd/ blockades n
blokada
The physical blocking or surrounding of a place, especially a port, in order to prevent commerce and traffic in or out.
(by extension) Any form of formal isolation or inhibition of something, especially with the force of law or arms.
(nautical) The ships or other forces used to effect a naval blockade.

blockade /blɑˈkeɪd/ /blɒˈkeɪd/ v
blokować
(transitive) To create a blockade against.

blockage blockages n
blokada
(countable) The thing that is the cause of such a state, blocking a passage.

blockbuster /ˈblɑkˌbʌs.tɚ/ /ˈblɒkˌbʌs.tə(ɹ)/ blockbusters n
blockbuster hit
(informal) Something, such as a film or book, that sustains exceptional and widespread popularity and achieves enormous sales, as opposed to a box office bomb.

blockchain blockchains n
łańcuch bloków
A shared record of past transactions in a distributed network, typically used for cryptocurrency. [from 2010s]

blocker blockers n
bloker
Agent noun of ; something that blocks something else.

blockhead blockheads n
bałwan bałwanica bęcwał dureń przygłup tępak
(colloquial) A stupid person.

blockheaded more blockheaded most blockheaded adj
bałwanowaty bałwański
Resembling a blockhead; stupid

blockheadedness n
bałwaństwo
The state or condition of being blockheaded.

blockheadism blockheadisms n
bałwaństwo
The character or behaviour of a blockhead; stupidity.

blockhouse blockhouses n
blokhauz
A sturdy military fortification, often of concrete, with gunports.

blog /blɑɡ/ /blɒɡ/ blogs n
blog
(Internet) A website that allows users to reflect, share opinions, and discuss various topics in the form of an online journal, sometimes letting readers comment on their posts. Most blogs are written in a slightly informal tone (personal journals, news, businesses, etc.)

blog /blɑɡ/ /blɒɡ/ v
blogować
(blogging, ambitransitive) To contribute to a blog.

blogger /ˈblɒ.ɡə(ɹ)/ /ˈblɔ.ɡɚ/ bloggers n
bloger blogerka blogowicz blogowiczka
(Internet) A contributor to a blog (from weblog) or online journal.

blogosphere /ˈblɒɡ.əʊ.ˌsfɪɚ/ blogospheres n
blogosfera
(Internet) The totality of blogs, especially the unique jargons, cultures and shared interests created by their interconnection. [1999]

bloke /bloʊk/ /bləʊk/ blokes n
facet koleś
(Britain, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, informal) A fellow, a man; especially an ordinary man, a man on the street. [From 1847]

blond /blɑnd/ /blɒnd/ blonder blondest more blond most blond adj
blond
Of a bleached or pale golden (light yellowish) colour.
(of a, person) Having blond hair.

blond /blɑnd/ /blɒnd/ blonds n
blond
(color) A pale yellowish (golden brown) color, especially said of hair color.
blondynka blondyn blondas
A person with this hair color.

blood /blʊd/ /blʌd/ bloods n
krew farba jucha posoka
A vital liquid flowing in the bodies of many types of animals that usually conveys nutrients and oxygen. In vertebrates, it is colored red by hemoglobin, is conveyed by arteries and veins, is pumped by the heart and is usually generated in bone marrow.
krew
A family relationship due to birth, such as that between siblings; contrasted with relationships due to marriage or adoption. (See blood relative, blood relation.)
(medicine, countable) A blood test or blood sample.

blood /blʊd/ /blʌd/ v
krwawić
(transitive) To cause something to be covered with blood; to bloody.

blood bank blood banks n
bank krwi
(medicine) a place where human blood or blood plasma is typed and stored for use in transfusions

blood cell blood cells n
krwinka
(hematology, cytology) Any of the cells normally found in blood, namely erythrocytes and leukocytes, sometimes including the platelets.

blood clot blood clots n
zakrzep skrzeplina
(hematology, pathology) A clot formed from platelets and other elements; that forms in a blood vessel in a living organism, and causes thrombosis or obstruction of the vessel at its point of formation or travel to other areas of the body.

blood donation blood donations n
krwiodawstwo
The act of donating one's blood for use in transfusion.

blood donor blood donors n
krwiodawca krwiodawczyni
A person who donates blood for use in transfusion.

blood drive blood drives n
akcja krwiodawstwa
An activity, usually charitable, in which persons are requested to donate blood, either to maintain a general supply or in response to a specific shortage or emergency.

blood flow n
przepływ krwi
The continuous circulation of blood in the cardiovascular system; bloodstream.

blood is thicker than water proverb
krew nie woda
(family, idiomatic) Family relations and loyalties are stronger than relationships with people who are not family members.

blood moon blood moons n
czerwony księżyc
(idiomatic, astronomy) The moon as it appears during a total lunar eclipse.

blood plasma blood plasmas n
osocze osocze krwi
(hematology) The clear fluid portion of blood in which the red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets are suspended; forms serum upon clotting.

blood pressure /ˈblʌd ˌpɹɛʃə(ɹ)/ blood pressures n
ciśnienie krwi ciśnienie tętnicze
The pressure exerted by the blood against the walls of the arteries and veins; it varies during the heartbeat cycle, and according to a person's age, health and physical condition.

blood relation blood relations n
pokrewieństwo
A person who is relation through birth, as opposed to marriage or adoption.

blood relationship /ˈblʌd ɹɪˈleɪʃənʃɪp/ blood relationships n
więzy krwi
The state of being related by “blood”, i.e. genetically.

blood sausage blood sausages n
kaszanka
A cooked sausage made out of meat (most often pork), blood and various other regional ingredients.

blood supply blood supplies n
ukrwienie
The volume of blood flowing to part of the body over a particular time period.

blood test blood tests n
badanie krwi
A serologic analysis of a sample of blood; a test in which blood is removed from a subject and analyzed to determine the presence or levels of any of a variety of substances which indicate whether the subject has health problems.

blood transfusion blood transfusions n
transfuzja krwi transfuzja
(medicine) The taking of blood from one individual and inserting it or blood-based products into the circulatory system of another.

blood type blood types n
grupa krwi
A classification of blood that is based on the presence or absence of antigens in the red blood cells of an individual. For the purposes of blood transfusion three antigens referred to as "A", "B" and "RhD" (out of a total of 29) are the most important. Based on their presence the human blood can be classified to A, AB, B, and O blood types which are further divided to Rh positive or negative.

blood vessel blood vessels n
naczynie krwionośne
(anatomy) A component of the circulatory system, such as an artery, capillary, or vein, that carries blood.

blood, sweat and tears n
krwawica
(idiom) A person's determination and hard work.

blood-brain barrier blood-brain barriers n
bariera krew-mózg
(anatomy) A structure in the central nervous system (CNS) that keeps various substances found in the bloodstream out of the brain while allowing in the substances essential to metabolic function, e.g. oxygen.

bloodbath /ˈblʌdˌbæθ/ /ˈblʌdˌbɑːθ/ bloodbaths n
rzeź krwawa łaźnia
Indiscriminate killing or slaughter; a massacre.

bloodhound /ˈblʌd.haʊnd/ bloodhounds n
ogar
A large scenthound famed for its ability to follow a scent many days old, over vast distances. This dog is often used as a police dog to track missing people, fleeing suspects, or escaped prisoners.

bloodless more bloodless most bloodless adj
bezkrwisty
Lacking blood; ashen, anaemic.
Lacking emotion, passion or vivacity.
bezkrwawy
Taking place without loss of blood.

bloodlessly more bloodlessly most bloodlessly adv
bezkrwawo
In a bloodless manner.

bloodlessness n
anemiczność
The characteristic of being bloodless.

bloodletting bloodlettings n
upust krwi
(historical, medicine) The archaic practice of treating illness by removing some blood, believed to be tainted, from the stricken person.

bloodshed /ˈblʌdˌʃɛd/ bloodsheds n
rozlew krwi
(literally) The shedding or spilling of blood.
rozlew krwi przelew krwi
A slaughter; destruction of life, notably on a large scale.

bloodstained more bloodstained most bloodstained adj
krwawy zakrwawiony
Stained, spotted or otherwise discolored with blood.

bloodstone bloodstones n
heliotrop
A green chalcedony that is sprinkled with red spots or veins of hematite.

bloodstream /ˈblʌd.stɹɪim/ bloodstreams n
krwiobieg
The flow of blood through the circulatory system of an animal

bloodsucker bloodsuckers n
krwiopijca
An animal that drinks the blood of others, especially by sucking blood through a puncture wound; a hemovore.
krwiopijca krwiopijczyni
(by extension) One who attempts to take as much from others as possible; a leech.

bloodthirst n
krwiożerczość
An eagerness for bloodshed.

bloodthirsty /ˈblʌdˌθɚsti/ /ˈblʌdθəːsti/ bloodthirstier bloodthirstiest more bloodthirsty most bloodthirsty adj
krwiożerczy żądny krwi
Thirsty for blood: inexorably violent or eager for bloodshed; murderous.

bloody /ˈblɜ.ɖiː/ /ˈblʌ.diː/ /ˈbɫɐ.diː/ bloodier bloodiest adj
krwawy zakrwawiony
Covered in blood.
krwawy
Characterised by bloodshed.
cholerny jebany kurewski pieprzony
(informal, Britain, Ireland, Newfoundland, Australia, NZ, South Africa) Used as an intensifier.

bloody dock n
szczaw gajowy
A herb named for its characteristic red or purple veins, used in moderate amounts in salads and as ornamental vegetable, Rumex sanguineus.

bloody mary bloody maries bloody marys n
krwawa mary
A cocktail made from vodka, tomato juice, and usually other spices or flavorings, such as Worcestershire sauce, Tabasco sauce, beef consommé or bouillon, horseradish, celery or celery salt, salt, black pepper, cayenne pepper, and lemon juice.

blossom /ˈblɑ.səm/ /ˈblɒ.səm/ blossoms n
kwiat
A flower, especially one indicating that a fruit tree is fruiting; (collectively) a mass of such flowers.
kwitnienie okres kwitnienia
The state or season of producing such flowers.

blossom /ˈblɑ.səm/ /ˈblɒ.səm/ v
kwitnąć
(intransitive) To have, or open into, blossoms; to bloom.

blotting paper n
bibuła
Absorbent paper used to dry ink.

blouse /blaʊs/ /blaʊz/ /bluːz/ blouses n
bluzka bluza
(fashion) A shirt for women or girls, particularly a shirt with buttons and often a collar; a dress shirt tailored for women.
bluza
(military, _, fashion) A loose-fitting uniform jacket.

blow /bloʊ/ /bləʊ/ v
dmuchać wiać dąć
(intransitive) To produce an air current.
zdmuchnąć dmuchać
(transitive) To propel by an air current (or, if under water, a water current), usually with the mouth.
(intransitive) To be propelled by an air current.
dmuchać dąć dmuchnąć zadąć
(transitive) To cause to make sound by blowing, as a musical instrument.
wybuchać wybuchnąć
(intransitive) To burst or explode; to occur suddenly
lizać pałę obciągać chuja obciągać fiuta obciągać loda przepuszczać przepuścić
(obsolete) To spread by report; to publish; to disclose.
(intransitive) To breathe hard or quick; to pant; to puff.

blow hot and cold v
Panu Bogu świeczkę i diabłu ogarek siedzieć jednym tyłkiem na dwóch stołkach siedzieć na dwóch stołkach
(intransitive, idiomatic) To behave inconsistently; to vacillate or to waver, as between extremes of opinion or emotion.

blow off steam v
wyszaleć się wyszumieć się
(idiomatic) To vent; to talk or take action (especially in a ranting or unrestrained way) so as to relieve stress.

blow one's nose v
smarkać smarknąć wydmuchać wydmuchiwać wydmuchnąć wysmarkiwać
To expel mucus or other matter from one's nasal passages, via one's nostril, by force of lung power.

blow out v
zdmuchnąć
(slang) To sing out, sing out loud.

blow over v
ucichać ucichnąć
(idiomatic) To pass naturally; to go away; to calm down or subside.

blow to kingdom come /ˈbloʊ tə ˌkɪŋdəm ˈkʌm/ /ˈbləʊ tə ˌkɪŋdəm ˈkʌm/ [-ɾə-] v
zetrzeć z powierzchni ziemi
(transitive, idiomatic) To totally destroy (something); to annihilate or wipe out (something).

blow up v
wybuchać wysadzać
(transitive) To cause (something or someone) to explode, or to destroy (something) or maim or kill (someone) by means of an explosion.
napompować balon pompować balon
(transitive, dated) To inflate, as with pride, self-conceit, etc.; to puff up.

blower /ˈbləʊɚ/ blowers n
dmuchawa
Any device that blows; often, especially, a furnace component or a supercharger.

blowfish blowfish blowfishes n
ryba rozdymkowata
Any species of fish of the family Tetraodontidae that have the ability to inflate themselves to a globe several times their normal size by swallowing water or air when threatened.

blowgun blowguns n
dmuchawka
A hollow tube through which a dart or similar missile may be blown.

blowjob /ˈbloʊd͡ʒɑb/ /ˈbləʊdʒɒb/ blowjobs n
obciąganie robienie loda ssanie chuja ssanie fiuta ssanie pały
(sex, vulgar, slang) An act of fellatio, or sucking a penis or other phallic object (such as a dildo). Stimulation of somebody's penis or testicles with a person's lips, tongue or mouth with the purpose of giving the receiver sexual pleasure. It may or may not result in orgasm.

blowpipe blowpipes n
dmuchawka
(glassblowing) A long narrow pipe, rotated in the hands, upon which glassware is blown.

blowtorch /ˈbloʊˌtoɹt͡ʃ/ /ˈbləʊˌtɔːtʃ/ blowtorches n
lampa lutownicza opalarka palnik lutowniczy
A tool which projects a controlled stream of a highly flammable gas over a spark in order to produce a controlled flame.

bludgeon /ˈblʌd͡ʒ.ən/ bludgeons n
pałka
A short, heavy club, often of wood, which is thicker or loaded at one end.

bludgeon /ˈblʌd͡ʒ.ən/ v
walnąć
(transitive) To strike or hit with something hard, usually on the head; to club.

blue /bljuː/ /bluː/ /blɪʊ̯/ bluer bluest more blue most blue adj
niebieski błękitny błękit
(particle physics) Having a color charge of blue.

blue /bljuː/ /bluː/ /blɪʊ̯/ blues n
niebieski błękit
Anything coloured blue, especially to distinguish it from similar objects differing only in color.
modraszek
(entomology) Any of the butterflies of the subfamily Polyommatinae in the family Lycaenidae, most of which have blue on their wings.

blue /bljuː/ /bluː/ /blɪʊ̯/ v
błękitnieć niebieszczeć niebieścić zabłękitnić zaniebieszczać zaniebieszczyć
(ergative) To make or become blue; to turn blue.

blue blood blue bloods n
błękitna krew
(uncountable) Noble or aristocratic ancestry.

blue catfish blue catfish blue catfishes n
sumik błękitny
A very large freshwater catfish native from central North America south to Central America, os species Ictalurus furcatus

blue cheese /blu ˈtʃiz/ /bluː ˈtʃiːz/ blue cheeses n
niebieski ser ser pleśniowy
A kind of cheese with bluish mold in it.

blue crane blue cranes n
żuraw Stanleya żuraw błękitny żuraw rajski
Grus paradisea, a bird of the crane (Gruidae) family

blue devils n
dołek
(idiomatic) low spirits; depression

blue giant blue giants n
błękitny olbrzym
(star) a very hot and very luminous star that emits visible light in the blue portion of the spectrum

blue jay blue jays n
modrosójka błękitna
Any of species Cyanocitta cristata of North American jays with blue feathering from the top of its head to midway down its back.

blue light blue lights n
elektryczne światło
Visible light towards the blue end of the spectrum generated from the screen of an electronic device.

blue mussel blue mussels n
omułek
A medium-sized edible mussel, Mytilus edulis, found on the North Atlantic coast of North America, Europe, and in other temperate and polar waters around the world.

blue rock thrush blue rock thrushes n
modrak
Monticola solitarius, a thrush-like flycatcher found in southern Europe, northern Africa and parts of Asia

blue screen of death blue screens of death n
niebieski ekran śmierci
(computing, informal) An error screen displayed by some operating systems, especially Microsoft Windows, after encountering an unrecoverable error which causes the system to shut down.

blue supergiant blue supergiants n
błękitny nadolbrzym
(star) a very large, hot and luminous star; a large blue giant

blue whale blue whales n
płetwal błękitny
A whale (Balaenoptera musculus), blue in color and the largest known living animal.

blue whiting n
błękitek

blue-eyed adj
niebieskooki błękitnooki
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see blue,‎ eyed (or eye, -ed).

blue-eyed boy blue-eyed boys n
beniaminek pupil
(idiomatic, informal, usually, derogatory) The favourite, especially a young one, of especially someone in power; a fair-haired boy (US), (Australian)

blue-gray more blue-gray most blue-gray adj
siny
Of a bluish grey color.

blue-winged kookaburra blue-winged kookaburras n
kukabura modroskrzydła
A kookaburra of species Dacelo leachii, of northern Australia and New Guinea.

bluebell bluebells n
dzwonek
Various flowering plants with blue, usually pendulous, flowers.

blueberry /ˈblu.ˌbɛ.ɹi/ /ˈbluːb(ə)ɹi/ blueberries n
borówka jagoda
(countable) An edible round berry, belonging to the cowberry group (Vaccinium sect. Cyanococcus), with flared crowns at the end, that turns blue on ripening.
(countable) The shrub of the above-mentioned berry.
(countable, and, uncountable) A dark blue colour.

bluebird bluebirds n
błękitnik
Any of various North American birds of the genus Sialia in the thrush family. Their plumage is blue or blue and red.

bluefish bluefish bluefishes n
lufar skrzelołusk tasergal
A voracious fish (Pomatomus saltatrix) found in waters of the Atlantic and Indian Ocean.

blueness bluenesses n
błękitność niebieskość
The quality or characteristic of being blue in color.

blues /bluːz/ blues n
chandra
(usually, in the plural, informal) A feeling of sadness or depression.
blues
(music genre) A musical form, African-American in origin, generally featuring an eight-bar or twelve-bar blues structure and using the blues scale.
(music, always singular) A musical composition following blues forms.

bluetail /ˈbluˌteɪl/ /ˈbluːteɪl/ bluetails n
modraczek
Either of two species of passerine bird in the genus Tarsiger.
tężnica
Any of several species of damselfly in the genus Ischnura.

bluethroat bluethroats n
podróżniczek
A small Old World passerine bird, of species Luscinia svecica, the male in spring having a bright blue throat.

bluff /blʌf/ bluffs n
blef bluff
An act of bluffing; a false expression of the strength of one's position in order to intimidate; braggadocio.
blef
(poker) An attempt to represent oneself as holding a stronger hand than one actually does.

bluff /blʌf/ v
blefować zablefować
(poker) To make a bluff; to give the impression that one's hand is stronger than it is.
blefować bluffować zablefować zabluffować
(by analogy) To frighten or deter with a false show of strength or confidence; to give a false impression of strength or temerity in order to intimidate and gain some advantage.

bluffer /ˈblʌfə/ /ˈblʌfɚ/ bluffers n
blefiarz

blunder /ˈblʌn.də(ɹ)/ /ˈblʌn.dɚ/ blunders n
gafa
A clumsy or embarrassing mistake.

blunderbuss /ˈblʌn.dəˌbʌs/ /ˈblʌn.dɚˌbʌs/ blunderbusses n
gardłacz garłacz szturmak tromblon
An old style of muzzleloading firearm and early form of shotgun with a distinctive short, large caliber barrel that is flared at the muzzle, therefore able to fire scattered quantities of nails, stones, shot, etc. at short range.

blunt /blʌnt/ blunter bluntest adj
tępy
Having a thick edge or point; not sharp.
bezceremonialny
Abrupt in address; plain; unceremonious; wanting the forms of civility; rough in manners or speech.

blunt /blʌnt/ blunts n
blant
(smoking, slang, US) A marijuana cigar.

blunt instrument blunt instruments n
tępe narzędzie
(literally) An object lacking sharp surfaces, especially as used to cause injury.

bluntly /ˈblʌntli/ more bluntly most bluntly adv
bez ogródek bezceremonialnie
In a blunt manner; without delicacy, or the usual forms of civility.

bluntness /ˈblʌnt.nəs/ /ˈblʌnt.nɪs/ [ˈblʌnʔ.nɪs] bluntnesses n
bezceremonialność
The characteristic of being blunt.

blur /ˈblɜː(ɹ)/ blurs n
plama rozmaz
A smear, smudge or blot.
rozmazany
Something that appears hazy or indistinct.

blur /ˈblɜː(ɹ)/ v
rozmazać rozmazywać zamglić
To make indistinct or hazy, to obscure or dim.
mazać rozmazać rozmazywać smużyć
To smear, stain or smudge.
rozmazać się rozmazywać się
(intransitive) To become indistinct.

blurb /blɝ(ː)b/ blurbs n
blurb
A short description of a book, film, or other work, written and used for promotional purposes.

blurred /blɜːd/ /blɝd/ more blurred most blurred adj
zamazany
Out of focus; partially obscured; smudged.

blurry /ˈblɜːɹi/ blurrier blurriest adj
rozmyty nieostry rozmazany zamglony
(of an image) Not clear, crisp, or focused; having fuzzy edges.

blush /blʌʃ/ blushes n
czerwienienie zaczerwienienie
An act of blushing; a pink or red glow on the face caused by embarrassment, shame, modesty, etc.
róż róż do policzków
(uncountable, countable) A sort of makeup, frequently a powder, used to redden the cheeks.

blush /blʌʃ/ v
czerwienieć poczerwienieć rumienić sczerwienieć
(intransitive) To become red in the face (and sometimes experience an associated feeling of warmth), especially due to shyness, shame, excitement, or embarrassment.

blutwurst blutwursts n
kaszanka
(US) A blood sausage, blood pudding

boa /bɔː/ /ˈboʊ.ə/ /ˈbəʊ.ə/ boas n
boa
Any of a group of large American snakes, of the genus Boa, subfamily Boinae, or family Boidae, including the boa constrictor and the emperor boa of Mexico.
(plural "boas") A type of long scarf; typically made from synthetic or real feathers (or occasionally fur), and usually worn by being draped across the shoulders with the ends hanging low, sometimes also with a loop around the neck.

boa constrictor boa constrictors n
boa dusiciel
A large tropical American snake, Boa constrictor, that kills its prey by squeezing them.

boar /bo(ː)ɹ/ /boə/ /bɔɹ/ /bɔː/ boar boars n
knur odyniec kaban kiernoz
A male pig.
A male guinea pig.

board /bo(ː)ɹd/ /boəd/ /bɔɹd/ /bɔːd/ boards n
deska
A relatively long, wide and thin piece of any material, usually wood or similar, often for use in construction or furniture-making.
panel
A device (e.g., switchboard) containing electrical switches and other controls and designed to control lights, sound, telephone connections, etc.
plansza tablica
Short for blackboard, whiteboard, chessboard, surfboard, circuit board, message board (on the Internet), etc.
rada komitet zarząd
A committee that manages the business of an organization, e.g., a board of directors.
wikt wyżywienie
(uncountable) Regular meals or the amount paid for them in a place of lodging.
burta
(nautical) The side of a ship.

board /bo(ː)ɹd/ /boəd/ /bɔɹd/ /bɔːd/ v
wchodzić na pokład
(transitive) To step or climb onto or otherwise enter a ship, aircraft, train or other conveyance.
abordażować dokonać abordażu dokonywać abordażu
(transitive, nautical) To (at least attempt to) capture an enemy ship by going alongside and grappling her, then invading her with a boarding party.

board and lodging n
wikt i opierunek
Lodging with daily meals, usually provided in return for rent or other considerations.

board game board games n
gra planszowa planszówka
Any of many games of strategy or chance played on a specially designed board; often involves one or more players moving pieces and using dice or cards.

board meeting board meetings n
posiedzenie zarządu zebranie zarządu
a meeting held by the board (of directors) of a company, or any other organisation that has a governing board.

board member board members n
członek zarządu
a member of the board of directors of an association or company.

board of directors boards of directors n
zarząd
A group of people elected by stockholders to establish corporate policies and make management decisions.

board up v
zabijać zabić
(transitive) To block doors or windows with boards, either to prevent access or as protection from storms, etc.

boarding boardings n
abordaż
The act of a sailor or boarding party attacking an enemy ship by boarding it.

boarding house boarding houses n
kwatera pensjonat
A private house in which paying residents are provided with accommodation and meals.
internat bursa
A boarding school building where boarders live during term time.

boarding pass /ˈbɔɹdɪŋ ˌpæs/ boarding passes n
karta pokładowa
A document or card, similar to a ticket, needed in order to board an airplane or other mode of transport.

boarding school /bɔɹdɪŋ ˈskul/ /bɔːdɪŋ ˈskuːl/ boarding schools n
internat
A school which provides board and lodging as well as tuition, with students going home at weekends or between terms.

boardroom /ˈbɔɹdˌɹuːm/ boardrooms n
sala posiedzeń
The room where a group of people (especially the board of a company or organization) conducts its meetings

boardwalk /ˈboːd.woːk/ /ˈbɔɹdˌwɑk/ /ˈbɔɹdˌwɔk/ /ˈbɔːd.wɔːk/ boardwalks n
promenada
A slightly elevated path for pedestrians over sandy or swampy ground, typically made out of wood; specifically (Canada, US) one running alongside a body of water or beach.

boarhound boarhounds n
dog niemiecki
A large dog, descended from breeds originally used to hunt boars.

boast /boʊst/ /bəʊst/ boasts n
przechwałki samochwalstwo
A brag; ostentatious positive appraisal of oneself.
Something that one brags about.

boast /boʊst/ /bəʊst/ v
chlubić chwalić przechwalać s szczycić
(intransitive) To brag; to talk loudly in praise of oneself.

boat /boʊt/ /bəʊt/ boats n
łódź łódka
A craft used for transportation of goods, fishing, racing, recreational cruising, or military use on or in the water, propelled by oars or outboard motor or inboard motor or by wind.
ful
(poker slang) A full house.

boatbill boatbills n
rakojad
A form of heron, Cochlearius cochlearius, native to Central and South America

boathook boathooks n
osęk osęka bosak
A hook attached to a pole used for pulling or pushing boats, rafts, logs or other objects to or from the side of a boat.

boatswain /ˈboʊ.sən/ /ˈbəʊ.sən/ /ˈbəʊt.sweɪn/ boatswains n
bosman
The officer (or warrant officer) in charge of sails, rigging, anchors, cables etc. and all work on deck of a sailing ship.

bobbin bobbins n
szpula szpulka
A spool or cylinder around which wire is coiled.
szpulka
In a sewing machine, the small spool that holds the lower thread.

bobcat /ˈbɒb.kæt/ /ˈbɔb.kæt/ bobcats n
ryś rudy
A North American wildcat, Lynx rufus, having tufted ears and a short tail.

bobolink bobolinks n
ryżojad
An American migratory songbird, Dolichonyx oryzivorus, resembling a blackbird with the bill of a finch.

bobsledder bobsledders n
bobsleista bobsleistka
Someone who participates in bobsled.

bobsleigh bobsleighs n
bobsleje bobslej
(UK) The sled used in the sport of bobsleigh.

bodger /ˈbɑ.d͡ʒɚ/ /ˈbɒd͡ʒ.ə(ɹ)/ bodgers n
partacz
One who works in a rough and ready, slipshod manner.

bodiless adj
bezcielesny
Lacking a body; incorporeal.

bodilessly adv
bezcieleśnie

bodily /ˈbɑdɪli/ /ˈbɒdɪli/ more bodily most bodily adj
cielesny
Of, relating to, or concerning the body.

bodily fluid bodily fluids n
płyn ustrojowy
(anatomy) Any liquid portion of the body, such as blood, urine, semen, saliva, especially when expelled.

body /ˈbɑdi/ /ˈbɒdi/ [ˈbɑɾi] bodies n
ciało
The fleshly or corporeal nature of a human, as opposed to the spirit or soul. [from 13th c.]
Any physical object or material thing. [from 14th c.]
(uncountable) Substance; physical presence. [from 17th c.]
(uncountable) Comparative viscosity, solidity or substance (in wine, colours etc.). [from 17th c.]
ciało organizm
The physical structure of a human or animal seen as one single organism. [from 9th c.]
karoseria kadłub korpus
The largest or most important part of anything, as distinct from its appendages or accessories. [from 11th c.]
ciało organ
An organisation, company or other authoritative group. [from 17th c.]
grono grupa góra oddział
A group of people having a common purpose or opinion; a mass. [from 16th c.]

body and soul adv
duszą i ciałem

body bag body bags n
worek na zwłoki
A non-porous bag designed to contain a human body, used for the storage and transport of corpses.

body check body checks n
bodiczek
(sports) A move in ice hockey or lacrosse in which a player impedes another with his body

body check v
bodiczkować

body double body doubles n
dubler
A film stand-in for an actor, in scenes not involving the face, especially during scenes of nudity, or of dangerous activity.

body heat n
ciepłota
heat produced from within the body of a (warmblooded) animal as opposed to absorbed from the environment

body language body languages n
mowa ciala mowa ciała
Nonverbal communication by means of facial expressions, eye behavior, gestures, posture, and the like; often thought to be involuntary.
Deliberate, usually culturally influenced, nonverbal communication using the body through facial expressions, gestures, dance, mime, etc.

body of water bodies of water n
akwen
Any significant accumulation of water, usually covering the Earth or another planet, such as an ocean, a river, lake or a bay.

body of work bodies of work n
dorobek twórczość zbiór prac
The entirety of the creative or academic output produced by a particular individual or unit.

body part body parts n
część ciała
(anatomy) Any part of an animal organism, such as an organ, limb or extremity.

body positivity n
ciałopozytywność
The acceptance and appreciation of all types of human body (associated with fat acceptance)

body temperature body temperatures n
temperatura ciała
The current temperature of the body of a person or animal, especially when used as a simple guide to health.

bodybuilder /ˈbɑː.diˌbɪl.dɚ/ /ˈbɒ.diˌbɪl.də/ [ˈbɑː.ɾiˌbɪɫ.ɾɚ] bodybuilders n
kulturysta kulturystka
(bodybuilding) A person who uses diet and exercise to build an aesthetically muscular physique, in order to compete in bodybuilding.

bodybuilding /ˈbɑːdiˌbɪldɪŋ/ /ˈbɒdiˌbɪldɪŋ/ n
kulturystyka body building
A sport in which the aesthetics of muscular development is the basis for competition.

bodyguard /ˈbɑːdiɡɑːɹd/ /ˈbɒdiɡɑːd/ bodyguards n
ochroniarz ochrona
A person or group of persons, often armed, responsible for protecting an individual.

bodysuit bodysuits n
body
A one-piece, skin-tight garment rather like a leotard.

bodyweight adj
masą ciała
Employing (only) a person's own weight as resistance to movement for the purpose of physical exercise.

bodywork bodyworks n
blacharstwo
The exterior body of a motor vehicle.

boehmite boehmites n
bemit

bog /bɑɡ/ /bɒɡ/ /bɔɡ/ bogs n
torfowisko bajoro błoto
(uncountable) The acidic soil of such areas, principally composed of peat; marshland, swampland.

bog bilberry /bɒɡ ˈbɪlb(ə)ɹɪ/ bog bilberries n
borówka bagienna łochynia
A shrub native of the cool temperate areas of northern hemisphere, Vaccinium uliginosum, and the berry of that shrub.

bog iron ore n
ruda darniowa
(geology) Deposit of porous, impure limonite found in bogs and swamps.

bog rosemary n
modrzewnica modrzewnica pospolita modrzewnica wązkoliścia
Any shrub in the genus Andromeda, especially Andromeda polifolia.

bogan /ˈboʊɡən/ bogans n
bydło
(Australia, NZ, slang, derogatory stereotype) An unsophisticated person from a working class background.

bogatyr /ˌboʊɡəˈtɪɚ/ bogatyri bogatyrs n
bohater
(historical) A medieval heroic warrior in Kievan Rus, akin to the Western European knight-errant.

bogeyman /ˈboʊ.ɡiˌmæn/ /ˈbu.ɡiˌmæn/ /ˈbəʊ.ɡiˌmæn/ /ˈbəʊ.ɡɪˌmæn/ /ˈbʊɡ.iˌmæn/ bogeymen n
czarny lud
A menacing, ghost-like monster in children's stories.
czarny lud straszydło
(by extension) Any make-believe threat, especially one used to intimidate or distract.

bogginess n
bagienność bagnistość

boggy boggier boggiest adj
bagienny bagnisty
Having the qualities of a bog; i.e. dank, squishy, muddy, and full of water and rotting vegetation.

bogie /ˈboʊ.ɡi/ /ˈbəʊ.ɡi/ bogies n
wózek
(by extension, rail transport, also, attributively) One of two sets of wheels under a locomotive or railcar; also, a structure with axles and wheels under a locomotive, railcar, or semi which provides support and reduces vibration for the vehicle.

bogland boglands n
torfowisko

bogrush bogrushes n
marzyca
Any of several sedges of the genus Schoenus.

bogus /ˈboʊ.ɡəs/ /ˈbəʊ.ɡəs/ more bogus most bogus adj
fałszywy zmyślony
Counterfeit or fake; not genuine.

bohrium /ˈbɔːɹiəm/ n
bohr
A transuranic chemical element (symbol Bh) with an atomic number of 107.

boil /bɔɪl/ /ˈbɔɪ.əl/ boils n
czyrak
A localized accumulation of pus in the skin, resulting from infection.
wrzenie
The point at which fluid begins to change to a vapour; the boiling point.

boil /bɔɪl/ /ˈbɔɪ.əl/ v
wrzeć gotować zagotować
(transitive, of liquids) To heat to the point where it begins to turn into a gas.
gotować wrzeć kipieć
(ambitransitive) To cook in boiling water.
wrzeć zagotować
(intransitive, of liquids) To begin to turn into a gas, seethe.

boiled egg boiled eggs n
jajko na miękko jajko na twardo ugotowane jajko
An egg which has been cooked in the shell in boiling water. It can be hard-boiled or soft-boiled.

boiler /ˈbɔɪlə/ /ˈbɔɪlɚ/ boilers n
bojler kocioł
A device consisting of a heat source and a tank for storing hot water, typically for space heating, domestic hot water etc., disregarding the source of heat.

boiler suit boiler suits n
kombinezon
A one-piece suit combining trousers and jacket, worn for heavy or hot manual labour.

boilerplate boilerplates n
gotowiec szablon
(computing) Standard text or program code used routinely and added with a text editor or word processor; text of a legal or official nature added to documents or labels.

boilery boileries n
warzelnia
A place and apparatus for boiling, as for evaporating brine in the manufacture of salt.

boiserie boiseries n
boazeria

boisterous /ˈbɔɪstəɹəs/ /ˈbɔɪstɹəs/ more boisterous most boisterous adj
hałaśliwy
Full of energy; exuberant; noisy.
dziki zwierzęcy
Having or resembling animal exuberance.

bok choy /ˌbɒkˈt͡ʃɔɪ/ n
kapusta właściwa chińska
Chinese cabbage, Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis, an East Asian leafy vegetable related to the Western cabbage.

bokeh /ˈboʊ.kə/ /ˈboʊˌkeɪ/ /ˈbəʊ.kə/ /ˈbəʊˌkeɪ/ bokehs n
bokeh
(photography) A subjective aesthetic quality of out-of-focus areas of an image projected by a camera lens.

bold /baʉld/ /boʊld/ /ˈbəʊld/ [bɒʊ(ɫ)d] [ˈbɒʊ(ɫ)d] bolder boldest more bold most bold adj
śmiały odważny
Courageous, daring.
tłusty pogrubiony wytłuszczony
(typography, of, _, typefaces) Having thicker strokes than the ordinary form of the typeface.

boldly /ˈboʊldli/ /ˈbəʊldli/ [ˈbɒʊldli] boldlier boldliest more boldly most boldly adv
odważnie śmiało
In a bold manner; with confidence.

bole /bol/ /bɒʊl/ /bəʊl/ boles n
pień
The trunk or stem of a tree.

bolete /boʊˈlit/ boletes n
borowik
A type of fruiting body produced by certain fungus species in the order Boletales, especially those of genus Boletus, many of which are prized for their flavour; any species of said order that produces such a fruiting body.

boletus boleti boletuses n
borowik
An edible mushroom of genus Boletus.

bolide /ˈboʊ.laɪd/ /ˈboʊ.lɪd/ bolides n
bolid
An extremely bright meteor.

boll /boʊl/ /bɒl/ bolls n
torebka
The rounded seed-bearing capsule of a cotton or flax plant.

bollard /ˈbɒlɑːd/ /ˈbɒləd/ /ˈbɒləɹd/ bollards n
pachołek słupek
A similar post preventing vehicle access to a pedestrian area, to delineate traffic lanes, or used for security purposes.

bolognese /ˌbɒləɡˈneɪz/ /ˌbɒləˈneɪz/ /ˌbɒləˈnjeɪz/ bologneses n
sos bolognese
An Italian sauce made of ground meat and tomato.
bolognese
A dish served with bolognese.

bolt /boʊlt/ /bɒlt/ /bəʊlt/ [bɔʊɫt] bolts n
bełt
A (usually) metal fastener consisting of a cylindrical body that is threaded, with a larger head on one end. It can be inserted into an unthreaded hole up to the head, with a nut then threaded on the other end; a heavy machine screw.
rygiel zasuwa zasuwka
A sliding pin or bar in a lock or latch mechanism.
śruba rygiel antaba
A bar of wood or metal dropped in horizontal hooks on a door and adjoining wall or between the two sides of a double door, to prevent the door(s) from being forced open.
grom piorun
A lightning spark, i.e., a lightning bolt.
śruba
An iron to fasten the legs of a prisoner; a shackle; a fetter.

bolt /boʊlt/ /bɒlt/ /bəʊlt/ [bɔʊɫt] v
ryglować
(US, politics) To refuse to support a nomination made by a party or caucus with which one has been connected; to break away from a party.

bolt from the blue bolts from the blue n
grom z jasnego nieba
A complete surprise; something totally unexpected.

bomb /bɑm/ /bɒm/ /bɔm/ /bʌm/ bombs n
bomba
An explosive device used or intended as a weapon, (especially) one dropped from an aircraft.

bomb /bɑm/ /bɒm/ /bɔm/ /bʌm/ v
bombardować ostrzelać ostrzeliwać zbombardować
(transitive, figuratively, often with with) To attack or annoy in the manner of a bombing.

bomb crater bomb craters n
lej po bombie
A hole in the ground created by the explosion of a large bomb, usually one dropped by a bomber (aircraft).

bombard /bəmˈbɑɹd/ /ˈbɑmˌbɑɹd/ /ˈbɒmˌbɑːd/ /ˌbɑmˈbɑɹd/ /ˌbɒmˈbɑːd/ v
bombardować zbombardować
(figuratively) To attack something or someone by directing objects at them.
(physics) To direct at a substance an intense stream of high-energy particles, usually sub-atomic or made of at most a few atoms.

bombardment bombardments n
bombardowanie
the act of bombing, especially towns or cities

bombastic /bɑmˈbæs.tɪk/ /bɒmˈbæs.tɪk/ more bombastic most bombastic adj
pompatyczny
(of a person, their language or writing) showy in speech and given to using flowery or elaborate terms; grandiloquent; pompous
górnolotny
High-sounding but with little meaning.
napuszony
(archaic) Inflated, overfilled.

bomber /ˈbɑmɚ/ /ˈbɒmə(ɹ)/ bombers n
bombowiec samolot bombowy
(aviation, military) A military aircraft designed to carry and drop bombs.
zamachowiec
A person who sets bombs, especially as an act of terrorism.

bombing /ˈbɒmɪŋ/ bombings n
bombardowanie
The action of dropping bombs from the air.

bombproof more bombproof most bombproof adj
bomboodporny
Sufficiently strong to resist the effects of a blast from a bomb.

bombshell bombshells n
pocisk
A bomb or artillery shell designed to explode on impact.
sensacja
(figurative) Something that is very surprising, shocking, amazing or sensational.
seksbomba
(by extension) Someone who is very attractive; a sex symbol.

bon appétit /ˈbɔn ˌæpəˈti/ /ˌbo(ʊ).næ.pəˈti/ /ˌboʊn æpəˈti(t)/ /ˌboʊn æpəˈti/ /ˌboʊn æpəˈtit/ /ˌbɒn apəˈtiː/ /ˌbɒn apɛˈtiː/ /ˌbɔː.næ.peɪˈtiː/ phraseologicalUnit
smacznego
Used to wish someone enjoyment of the meal they are about to eat.

bon mot /bɑn moʊ/ /bɒn məʊ/ /bɒ̃ məʊ/ bon mots bons mots n
bon mot
A clever saying, phrase or witticism; often, a witty riposte in dialogue.

bon vivant /ˌbɑn viˈvɑnt/ /ˌbɑn vɪvˈɑnt/ /ˌbɒ̃ viːˈvɒ̃/ bon vivants bons vivants n
bon vivant
A man who enjoys luxurious things in life, especially good food and drink; a man about town.

bon voyage /ˌbɒn vwaɪˈɑːʒ/ /ˌbɒn vɔɪˈɑːʒ/ interjection
szczęśliwej drogi szczęśliwej podróży szerokiej drogi
Used to wish someone a good journey.

bona fide /ˈboʊnə.faɪd/ /ˈboʊnəˌfiːdeɪ/ /ˈbɑnə.faɪd/ /ˌboʊnəˈfaɪdi/ /ˌbəʊ.nəˈfaɪ.di/ adj
prawdziwy

bonanza /bəˈnænzə/ bonanzas n
bonanza
(mining) A rich mine or vein of silver or gold.
(by extension, figurative) Anything which is a great source of wealth or yields a large income or return.

bond /bɑnd/ /bɒnd/ bonds n
obligacja zobowiązanie
(finance) A documentary obligation to pay a sum or to perform a contract; a debenture.
więzy
(often, in the plural) A physical connection which binds, a band.
więź
An emotional link, connection or union; that which holds two or more people together, as in a friendship; a tie.
A binding agreement, a covenant.
wiązanie
(chemistry) A link or force between neighbouring atoms in a molecule.
wątek
(construction) In building, a specific pattern of bricklaying, based on overlapping rows or layers to give strength.

bone /boʊn/ /bɐʉn/ /bəʉn/ /bəʊn/ bones n
kość
(uncountable) A composite material consisting largely of calcium phosphate and collagen and making up the skeleton of most vertebrates.
(countable) Any of the components of an endoskeleton, made of bone.
(American football, informal) The wishbone formation.
kość ość
A bone of a fish; a fishbone.

bone folder bone folders n
gładyszka
A dull-edged hand tool used to fold and crease material in crafts.

bone marrow bone marrows n
szpik kostny szpik
(anatomy) The fatty vascular tissue that fills the cavities of bones, being the place where new blood cells are produced.

bone of contention /ˈboʊn əv kənˈtɛnʃən/ /ˈbəʊn əv kənˈtɛnʃən/ bones of contention n
kość niezgody jabłko niezgody
(idiomatic) Something that continues to be disputed; something on which no agreement can be reached

bone up v
podkuwać podkuć

bone-dry adj
suchy jak wiór
(idiomatic) Totally dry; without moisture.

boneless more boneless most boneless adj
bezkostny
Without bones, especially as pertaining to meat or poultry prepared for eating.

boner /ˈboʊ.nɚ/ /ˈbəʊ.nə(ɹ)/ boners n
kościej
(coarse, slang) An erect penis. [from mid-20th c.]
gafa
(dated, _, slang, especially, baseball) A blunder; a silly mistake. [from early 20th c.]

bonfire /ˈbɑnˌfaɪɚ/ /ˈbɒnfaɪə/ /ˈbɔn-/ bonfires n
ognisko
A large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal.
stos
A fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items; originally (historical) , heretics or other offenders, or banned books; now, generally agricultural or garden waste, or rubbish.

bong /bɑŋ/ /bɒŋ/ /bɔŋ/ bongs n
bim-bam dzyń
(slang) The clang of a large bell.
fajka wodna
A vessel, usually made of glass or ceramic and filled with water, used in smoking various substances, especially cannabis.
dzwonki
(slang) Doorbell chimes.
lejek z wężem
A device for rapidly consuming beer, usually consisting of a funnel or reservoir of beer and a length of tubing.

boning knife boning knives n
nóż do filetowania
a sharp-pointed and narrow-bladed kitchen knife, used for removing the bones of poultry, meat, and fish.

bonnet /ˈbɑn.ɪt/ /ˈbɒn.ɪt/ bonnets n
czepek czepiec
A type of hat, once worn by women or children, held in place by ribbons tied under the chin.
maska
(Australia, British, NZ, South Africa, automotive) The hinged cover over the engine of a motor car; a hood.

bonnie bonnier bonniest more bonnie most bonnie adj
wesoły
Merry; happy.
piękny
(Scotland, Geordie) Beautiful; pretty; attractive; handsome.

bonobo /bəˈnoʊ̯ˌboʊ̯/ /bəˈnəʊ̯ˌbəʊ̯/ /ˈbɒ.nəˌboʊ̯/ bonobos n
bonobo szympans karłowaty szympans bonobo
The pygmy chimpanzee, Pan paniscus, from Africa south of the Congo river.

bonsai /ˈbɑnsaɪ/ /ˈbɑnzaɪ/ /ˈbɒnsaɪ/ v
bonsai
(transitive) To make into a bonsai by restricting the roots and pruning.

bonus /ˈboʊ.nəs/ /ˈbəʊ.nəs/ boni bonuses bonusses n
bonus
Something extra that is good; an added benefit.
premia
An extra sum given as a premium, e.g. to an employee or to a shareholder.

bonus genius n
dobry duch
(obsolete) A good spirit or angel, seen as influencing a person's decisions, etc.

bony fish bony fish bony fishes n
ryba kostna
A fish belonging to either the Actinopterygii taxonomic class or the Sarcopterygii taxonomic class; a finfish.

boo /buː/ interjection
bu
A loud exclamation intended to scare someone. Usually used when one has been hidden from the target, and then appears unexpectedly.

boo /buː/ v
wygwizdać wygwizdywać
(transitive) To shout extended boos at, as a form of derision.

boob /ˈbuːb/ boobs n
cycek balon melon
(colloquial, slang) A breast, especially that of an adult or adolescent female human.

booby /ˈbuːbi/ boobies n
gapa głupek
A stupid person.
głuptak
Any of various large tropical seabirds from the genera Sula and Papasula in the gannet family Sulidae, traditionally considered to be stupid.

booby trap booby traps n
mina pułapka
(military) An antipersonnel device deliberately hidden or disguised as a harmless object.

booby-hatch booby-hatches n
wariatkowo
(slang, pejorative) A lunatic asylum, workhouse, or similar institution.

booger /ˈbʊɡə/ /ˈbʊɡɚ/ boogers n
babol gil koza glut smark
(US, Canada, Philippines, slang) A piece of solid or semisolid mucus in or removed from a nostril.

book /buːk/ /bɵk/ /bʊk/ books n
książka księga
A collection of sheets of paper bound together to hinge at one edge, containing printed or written material, pictures, etc.
księgi
(usually, in the plural) Records of the accounts of a business.

book /buːk/ /bɵk/ /bʊk/ v
rezerwować bukować zabukować zarezerwować
(transitive) To reserve (something) for future use.
księgować spisać spisywać zaksięgować
(transitive) To write down, to register or record in a book or as in a book.

book of hours books of hours n
godzinki
(Christianity, chiefly, _, historical) An illuminated Catholic devotional book, popular in the Middle Ages.

book signing book signings n
podpisywanie książki

book smart more book smart most book smart adj
akademicko mądry

book town book towns n
miejscowość z wieloma księgarniami

book value book values n
wartość księgowa
The value of an asset as reflected on an entity's accounting books, without accounting for appreciation or depreciation.
The price for which an item or service should be bought or sold, usually as related in a printed collection of prices for similar items or services.

bookbinder bookbinders n
introligator
A person whose profession is binding pages together to form books.

bookbindery bookbinderies n
introligatornia
A building where books are assembled and bound.

bookcase /ˈbʊkˌkeɪs/ [ˈbʊʔk̚keɪs] bookcases n
regał biblioteka biblioteczka
A piece of furniture for the storage and display of books.

bookcrossing bookcrossings n
bookcrossing
The practice of leaving a book in a public location to be found and read by others, who then do the same.

bookery bookeries n
biblioteczka
(countable) a collection of books

booking /ˈbʊkɪŋ/ bookings n
rezerwacja zabukowanie
A reservation for a service, such as travel or hotel accommodation.

bookish /ˈbʊk.ɪʃ/ more bookish most bookish adj
dużo czytający
Fond of reading or studying, especially said of someone lacking social skills as a result.
książkowy
Characterized by a method of expression generally found in books.

bookkeeper /bʌʔˈkiː.pə(ɹ)/ /ˌbʊkˈkiː.pə(ɹ)/ bookkeepers n
księgowy księgowa
(accounting) A person responsible for keeping records or documents, such as of a business.

booklet /ˈbʊk.lət/ booklets n
książeczka broszura
A small or thin book.

bookmaker /ˈbʊkmeɪkɚ/ bookmakers n
bukmacher
(gambling) A person (or a business) who calculates odds and accepts bets, especially on horse racing; a bookie.

bookmark /ˈbʊk.mɑː(ɹ)k/ bookmarks n
zakładka
A strip of material used to mark a place in a book.
(computing) A record of the address of a file or Internet page, serving as a shortcut to it.

bookmarklet bookmarklets n
skryptozakładka
(computing, Internet) A small piece of JavaScript code stored as a URL within a bookmark.

bookmobile bookmobiles n
bibliobus bibliowóz
A mobile library; especially, a large van designed to transport a portion of some library's collection.

bookplate bookplates n
ekslibris
A printed piece of paper pasted on one of the pages of a book, most often on the inside front cover, showing ownership and thus deterring theft.

bookseller /ˈbʊksɛlɚ/ booksellers n
księgarz bukinista
A person engaged in the business of selling books.
księgarnia
A business that sells books.

bookshelf /ˈbʊkˌʃɛlf/ bookshelves n
biblioteczka półka na książki
A shelf or shelves for storing books for easy visual reference.

bookshop bookshops n
księgarnia
A shop that sells books.

bookworm /ˈbʊk.wɜːm/ bookworms n
mól książkowy
Any of various insects that infest books.
(figurative) An avid book reader.

boom /bum/ /buːm/ interjection
bach bum
Used to suggest the sound of an explosion.

boom /bum/ /buːm/ booms n
grzmot huk
A low-pitched, resonant sound, such as of an explosion.
bom
(sailing) A spar extending the foot of a sail; a spar rigged outboard from a ship's side to which boats are secured in harbour.
A wishbone-shaped piece of windsurfing equipment.
boom
(economics, business) A period of prosperity, growth, progress, or high market activity.

boom /bum/ /buːm/ v
prosperować
(transitive, dated) To cause to advance rapidly in price.

boom barrier boom barriers n
szlaban rogatka
A bar or pole that can be lowered to block vehicular access through a controlled location, or raised to allow traffic to pass.

boom box boom boxes n
boombox radiomagnetofon
A powerful portable audio system for listening collectively to recorded or broadcast sound.

boomerang /ˈbuməɹæŋ/ /ˈbuːməɹæŋ/ boomerangs n
bumerang
A flat curved airfoil that spins about an axis perpendicular to the direction of flight, originally used in various parts of the world as a hunting weapon or, in returnable types, for sports or training.

boor /bɔɹ/ /bɔː/ /bʊə/ /bʊɹ/ boors n
Bur
A Boer, white South African of Dutch or Huguenot descent.
cham prostak
An uncultured person.

boorish /ˈbʊəɹɪʃ/ more boorish most boorish adj
chamski gburowaty prostacki
Behaving as a boor; rough in manners.

boorishness boorishnesses n
chamskość chamstwo grubiaństwo nieokrzesanie ordynarność prostactwo
The state or characteristic of being a boor or of being boorish; boorish behaviour.

boost /buːst/ boosts n
wzmocnienie
A push from behind, as to one who is endeavoring to climb.

boost /buːst/ v
zasilać zwiększać
(transitive) To lift or push from behind (one who is endeavoring to climb); to push up.

booster /ˈbustɚ/ boosters n
rakietowy silnik
The first stage of a multistage rocket that provides the thrust for liftoff and the initial flight.

boot /but/ /buːt/ /bʉːt/ /bʏːt/ [buːt] boots n
but
A heavy shoe that covers part of the leg.
rozruch
(computing) The act or process of bootstrapping; the starting or re-starting of a computing device.

boot /but/ /buːt/ /bʉːt/ /bʏːt/ [buːt] v
uruchomić wykonać rozruch
(computing) To bootstrap; to start a system, e.g. a computer, by invoking its boot process or bootstrap.

bootable adj
bootowalny
(computing, of a disk, etc.) That can be booted; from which one can boot the system.

booted eagle booted eagles n
orzełek włochaty orzełek
Hieraaetus pennatus, a medium-sized mostly migratory bird of prey with a wide distribution in the Palearctic and southern Asia.

booted warbler booted warblers n
zaganiacz maly
Iduna caligata, an Old World warbler in the tree warbler group.

booth /buːð/ /buːθ/ booths n
budka
A small stall for the display and sale of goods.

bootlace bootlaces n
sznurowadło
A long lace for fastening boots.

bootleg bootlegs n
cholewa cholewka
The part of a boot that is above the instep.

bootlick v
podlizać się podlizywać się
(transitive) To seek favor from by fawning, servile behavior.

bootlicker bootlickers n
lizus wazeliniarz
(derogatory) A person who behaves in a servile or obsequious manner; a toady

bootstrap /ˈbuːtˌstɹæp/ bootstraps n
rozruch
(computing) The process by which the operating system of a computer is loaded into its memory.

booty /ˈbuːti/ booties n
łup
Plunder taken from an enemy in time of war, or seized by piracy.

booze /buːz/ boozes n
coś mocniejszego coś niecoś małe co nieco procent trunek
(colloquial, uncountable) Any alcoholic beverage. (Especially hard liquor.)

booze /buːz/ v
chlać chlusnąć ciągnąć doić gazować golić
(slang, intransitive) To drink alcohol.

booze-up booze-ups n
balanga
(informal) A session of heavy drinking.

bora n
bora
A cold, often dry, northeasterly wind which blows, sometimes in violent gusts, down from mountains on the eastern shore of the Adriatic Sea. It also applies to cold, squally, downslope winds in other parts of the world.

borage /ˈbɒɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/ borages n
ogórecznik lekarski ogórecznik
Borago officinalis, a Mediterranean plant with rough, cucumber-flavored leaves and stems, used in salads and cooked.

borate borates n
boran
A salt or ester formed by the combination of boric acid with a base or positive radical

borax boraces boraxes n
boraks
A white or gray/grey crystalline salt, with a slight alkaline taste, used as a flux, in soldering metals, making enamels, fixing colors/colours on porcelain, and as a soap, etc.
(chemistry) The sodium salt of boric acid, Na2B4O7, either anhydrous or with 5 or 10 molecules of water of crystallization; sodium tetraborate.

border /ˈboɹdɚ/ /ˈbɔədə/ /ˈbɔːdə/ /ˈbɔːɹdɚ/ [ˈbo̞ɹdɚ] borders n
granica
The line or frontier area separating political or geographical regions.

border /ˈboɹdɚ/ /ˈbɔədə/ /ˈbɔːdə/ /ˈbɔːɹdɚ/ [ˈbo̞ɹdɚ] v
graniczyć
(transitive) To lie on, or adjacent to, a border of.
(intransitive) To approach; to come near to; to verge (with on or upon).

border collie border collies n
border collie
A herding dog of a breed originating near the border between England and Scotland, and specifically bred for intelligence and obedience.

border guard border guards n
straż graniczna
A national agency that enforces the security of the country's national borders.
pogranicznik strażniczka graniczna strażnik graniczny
A person assigned to watch, protect or control the frontier between two sovereign states.

borderer borderers n
kresowiec
A person who resides near a border.

borderland borderlands n
kresy pogranicze
Land near a border; marches.

borderless adj
bezgraniczny
Not having a border.

borderline more borderline most borderline adj
pograniczny

bordure /ˈboɹ.djʊɹ/ /ˈboɹ.d͡ʒɚ/ /ˈbɔː.d͡ʒə/ /ˈbɔːdjʊə/ /ˈbɔːd͡ʒə/ /ˈbɔːɹdjʊɹ/ /ˈbɔːɹd͡ʒɚ/ [ˈbo̞ɹ.d͡ʒɚ] bordures n
skraj
(heraldiccharge) A contrasting border around a shield.

bore /bo(ː)ɹ/ /boə/ /bɔɹ/ /bɔː/ bores n
nudziarz
One who inspires boredom or lack of interest; an uninteresting person.

bore /bo(ː)ɹ/ /boə/ /bɔɹ/ /bɔː/ v
nudzić nużyć znudzić znużyć
(transitive) To inspire boredom in somebody.
wiercić borować świdrować
(intransitive) To make a hole with, or as if with, a boring instrument; to cut a circular hole by the rotary motion of a tool.

boreal chickadee boreal chickadees n
sikora kanadyjska
Poecile hudsonicus, a small bird of the tit family Paridae.

bored /bo(ː)ɹd/ /boəd/ /bɔɹd/ /bɔːd/ more bored most bored adj
znudzony
Suffering from boredom; mildly annoyed and restless through having nothing to do.

boredom /ˈbɔɹ.dəm/ /ˈbɔː.dəm/ boredoms n
nuda znudzenie nudność nudota znużenie
(countable) An instance or period of being bored; A bored state.

borehole boreholes n
otwór wiertniczy
A hole bored into the ground to collect samples for analysis or to extract oil or water.

borelian adj
borelowski

boric adj
borowy
(chemistry) Of, pertaining to, or containing the element boron.

boric acid boric acids n
kwas borowy
(chemistry) H3BO3; B(OH)3; a white crystalline solid, soluble in hot water to form a weak acid. Used as a mild antiseptic, flame retardant, insecticide, and in the manufacture of borax and other borate salts.

boring /ˈboə.ɹɪŋ/ /ˈboɹ.ɪŋ/ /ˈboː.ɹɪŋ/ /ˈbɔː.ɹɪŋ/ more boring most boring adj
nudny
Causing boredom or tiredness; making you to feel tired and impatient.

born /boɹn/ /bɔːn/ /bɔːɹn/ [bo̞ɹn] adj
urodzony narodzony
Having from birth (or as if from birth) a certain quality or character; innate; inherited.

born with a silver spoon in one's mouth adj
być w czepku urodzonym
(idiomatic) born rich, or into a wealthy family

boron /ˈbɔːˌɹɒn/ borons n
bor
The chemical element (symbol B) with an atomic number of 5, which is a metalloid found in its pure form as a dark amorphous powder.

borrow /ˈbɑɹ.oʊ/ /ˈbɒɹ.əʊ/ /ˈbɔɹ.oʊ/ v
pożyczać pożyczyć
To receive (something) from somebody temporarily, expecting to return it.
zapożyczać zapożyczyć
To adopt (an idea) as one's own.
(arithmetic) In a subtraction, to deduct (one) from a digit of the minuend and add ten to the following digit, in order that the subtraction of a larger digit in the subtrahend from the digit in the minuend to which ten is added gives a positive result.

borrower /ˈbɑɹoʊɚ/ /ˈbɔɹəʊə/ borrowers n
pożyczkobiorca
One who borrows.

borscht /bɔɹʃt/ /bɔːʃt/ borschts n
barszcz barszcz czerwony
A beetroot soup that can be served hot or cold, usually with sour cream.

borzoi /ˈbɔɹ.zɔɪ/ /ˈbɔː.zɔɪ/ borzoi borzois n
borzoj
A dog of a particular breed, similar in shape to a greyhound but with longer silkier hair.

bosom /ˈbʊz(ə)m/ adj
bliski
In a very close relationship.

bosom friend bosom friends n
przyjaciel od serca przyjaciółka od serca
A very close friend.

boson /ˈboʊ.zɒn/ /ˈbəʊ.zɒn/ bosons n
bozon
(particle) A particle with totally symmetric composite quantum states, which exempts them from the Pauli exclusion principle, and that hence obeys Bose-Einstein statistics. They have integer spin. Among them are many elementary particles, and some (gauge bosons) are known to carry the fundamental forces. Compare fermion.

boss /bɑs/ /bɒs/ /bɔs/ bosses n
szef szefowa kierownik brygadzista kierowniczka
A person who oversees and directs the work of others; a supervisor.
brosza
(architectural element) A knob or projection, usually at the intersection of ribs in a vault.
szef szefowa naczelniczka naczelnik
A person in charge of a business or company.
szef
(informal, especially, India, MLE, and, Philippines) A term of address to a man.

bossa nova /ˈbɒsə ˈnəʊvə/ bossa novas n
bossa nova
A genre of music originating from Brazil, similar to a fusion of jazz and samba music, no longer closely associated with the Brazilian dance.
The music of that dance.

bossage bossages n
boniowanie
(architecture) A rough, unfinished stone block, which is left projecting from the wall of a building to be later sculpted.

bossy /ˈbɑsi/ /ˈbɒsi/ /ˈbɒsɪ/ /ˈbɔsi/ bossier bossiest adj
apodyktyczny rządzący się władczy
Tending to give orders to others, especially when unwarranted; domineering.

bot /bɑt/ /bɒt/ bots n
bot
(computing) A piece of software designed to perform a minor but repetitive task automatically or on command, especially when operating with the appearance of a (human) user profile or account.

bota bag bota bags n
bukłak
A traditional Greek or Spanish wineskin bag. Typically it is made of leather, and is used to carry wine, although any liquid can be carried.

botanical adj
botaniczny
Of or pertaining to botany; relating to the study of plants.

botanical garden botanical gardens n
ogród botaniczny
A place where a variety of plants are grown, primarily for scientific or educational reasons, but are normally open to the public, and include ornamental plants from around the world.

botanical name botanical names n
nazwa botaniczna
(botany) a formal scientific name of a plant, especially as conforming to the ICBN.

botanist /ˈbɒt.ən.ɪst/ [ˈbɒt.n̩.ɪst] botanists n
botanik
(botany) A person engaged in botany, the scientific study of plants.

botany /-nɪ/ /ˈbɑt.ni/ /ˈbɑt.ə.ni/ /ˈbɒt.ni/ /ˈbɒt.ə.ni/ botanies n
botanika roślinoznawstwo
(uncountable) The scientific study of plants, a branch of biology. Typically those disciplines that involve the whole plant.

botch /bɑt͡ʃ/ /bɒt͡ʃ/ botches n
amatorszczyzna chałtura fuszerka partanina
An action, job, or task that has been performed very badly; a ruined, defective, or clumsy piece of work.
kwiatek wielbłąd
A mistake that is very stupid or embarrassing.

botch /bɑt͡ʃ/ /bɒt͡ʃ/ v
knocić fuszerować partaczyć partolić sfuszerować sknocić
(transitive) To perform (a task) in an unacceptable or incompetent manner; to make a mess of something

botch job botch jobs n
amatorstwo amatorszczyzna partactwo

botfly botflies n
giez
One of several dipterous insects of the family Oestridae, the larvae of which are parasites on many animals, including humans.

both /boʊlθ/ /bəʊθ/ [boʊɫθ] [boʊθ] [bɐʉθ] [bəʊθ] [bɜʊ̯θ] conjunction
[[i|i..., i...]] [[zarówno|zarówno..., jak i...]]
Including both of (used with and).

both /boʊlθ/ /bəʊθ/ [boʊɫθ] [boʊθ] [bɐʉθ] [bəʊθ] [bɜʊ̯θ] determiner
obydwa oba obaj oboje obie obydwie
Each of the two; one and the other; referring to two individuals or items.

both … and conjunction
i … i zarówno …, jak i

bother /ˈbɑðɚ/ /ˈbɒðə(ɹ)/ /ˈbɔðə(ɹ)/ bothers n
kłopot
Trouble, inconvenience.

bother /ˈbɑðɚ/ /ˈbɒðə(ɹ)/ /ˈbɔðə(ɹ)/ v
naprzykrzać się niepokoić
(transitive) To annoy, to disturb, to irritate; to be troublesome to, to make trouble for.

bothersome more bothersome most bothersome adj
kłopotliwy
Causing trouble, annoyance, inconvenience, irritation, or perplexity.

bottle /ˈbɑ.təl/ /ˈbɒt.əl/ bottles n
butelka flaszka
The contents of such a container.
butelka
(figurative) Intoxicating liquor; alcohol.

bottle /ˈbɑ.təl/ /ˈbɒt.əl/ v
butelkować
(transitive) To seal (a liquid) into a bottle for later consumption. Also fig.

bottle cap bottle caps n
zakrętka
Any of several designs of closure used to seal bottles.

bottle crate bottle crates n
skrzynka (na butelki)
A container used for transport of beverage containers. In the present day they are usually made of plastic, but before the widespread use of plastic they tended to be made of wood or metal.

bottle deposit bottle deposits n
zaliczka za butelkę
A monetary deposit collected at the point of sale when a bottled beverage is purchased, and fully or partially refunded when the empty bottle is returned.

bottle episode /ˈbɑtəl ˈɛpəˌsoʊd/ /ˈbɒtəl ˈɛpɪsəʊd/ [-ɾəl-] bottle episodes n
epizod butelkowy odcinek butelkowy
(originally, US, television) An episode of a television series designed to be inexpensive and restricted in its use of sets, effects, cast members, etc.

bottle green more bottle green most bottle green adj
butelkowozielony
Of a dark green colour, like that of some wine bottles.

bottle green bottle greens n
butelkowa zieleń
A dark green colour, like that of some wine bottles.

bottle opener bottle openers n
otwieracz do butelek otwieracz
A device used to remove the cap from a bottle.

bottleneck bottlenecks n
szyjka
The narrow portion that forms the pouring spout of a bottle; the neck of a bottle.
zwężenie
(figurative) In traffic, any narrowing of the road, especially resulting in a delay.
wąskie gardło
(by extension) The part of a process that is too slow or cumbersome.

bottom /ˈbɑtəm/ /ˈbɒtəm/ bottoms n
dno spód dół
The lowest part of anything.
dno
(uncountable, British, slang) Character, reliability, staying power, dignity, integrity or sound judgment.
dolina
(now, chiefly, US) Low-lying land; a valley or hollow.
tyłek zadek
(euphemism) The buttocks or anus.
pasyw
(broadly, by extension) A submissive partner in a sexual relationship.
(LGBT, _, slang) A man, trans woman, or other person with a penis, who prefers the receptive role in anal sex.

bottom-up adj
oddolny
Of or relating to a hierarchical system that progresses from multiple small subunits to a single, large basic unit.

bottomless /ˈbaɾəmlɪs/ /ˈbɒtəm.ləs/ adj
bezdenny
Having no bottom.
bezdenny niezgłębiony
Having no bounds; limitless.

bottomlessness bottomlessnesses n
bezdenność

bottomry bottomries n
bodmeria

bottoms up interjection
do dna
Cheers! (the drinking toast)

botulinum toxin botulinum toxins n
jad kiełbasiany
A neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum.

botulism /ˈbɑ.t͡ʃəˌlɪz.əm/ /ˈbɒt.jʊl.ɪz.əm/ botulisms n
botulizm
(pathology) Poisoning caused by the toxin from Clostridium botulinum, an anaerobic bacterium that grows in improperly prepared food.

botvinya botvinyas n
botwina
A type of Slavic kvass-based cold soup.

bougainvillea /ˌboʊ.ɡənˈvɪl.jə/ /ˌbu.ɡənˈvɪl.jə/ /ˌbuː.ɡənˈvɪl.ɪ.ə/ bougainvilleas n
bugenwilla
Any of several South American flowering shrubs or lianas, of the genus Bougainvillea, having three showy, colorful bracts attached below each group of three inconspicuous flowers.

bough /baʊ/ boughs n
gałąź konar
A tree-branch, usually a primary one directly attached to the trunk.

bouillabaisse /-ˌbɛs/ /ˈbujəˌbeɪs/ /ˈbuːjəˌbeɪs/ /ˌbujəˈbeɪs/ /ˌbuːjəˈbeɪs/ bouillabaisses n
bouillabaisse
A type of fish soup or stew from Provence, France.

bouillon /ˈbuˌjɑn/ /ˈbuː.jɒn/ /ˈbuː.jɒ̃/ /ˈbʊljən/ /ˈbʊlˌjɑn/ bouillons n
bulion
A clear seasoned broth made by simmering usually light meat, such as beef or chicken.

bouillon cube bouillon cubes n
kostka rosołowa rosołek
(Canada, US) A small cube, consisting of dry ingredients, that can be dissolved to make a broth or soup stock.

boulder /ˈboʊldɚ/ /ˈbəʊl.də(ɹ)/ boulders n
głaz
A large mass of stone detached from the surrounding land.

boulevard /ˈbuː.ləˌvɑːd/ /ˈbʊləvɑɹd/ boulevards n
bulwar aleja
A broad, well-paved and landscaped thoroughfare.

bounce /baʊns/ v
wybywać wybyć
(intransitive, slang) To leave.
(slang, archaic) To bully; to scold.
(slang, archaic) To boast; to bluster.
(archaic) To strike or thump, so as to rebound, or to make a sudden noise; to knock loudly.

bounced cheque bounced cheques n
czek bez pokrycia

bouncer /ˈbaʊn.sə/ /ˈboʊn.sɚ/ bouncers n
bramkarz wykidajło
(informal) A member of security personnel employed by bars, nightclubs, etc to maintain order and deal with patrons who cause trouble.

bouncing castle /ˌbaʊnsɪŋ ˈkæsəl/ /ˌbaʊnsɪŋ ˈkɑːsəl/ bouncing castles n
dmuchany zamek
A large inflatable structure, resembling a castle etc., on which children jump and play as on a trampoline.

bound /ˈbaʊnd/ bounds n
granica
(often, used in plural) A boundary, the border which one must cross in order to enter or leave a territory.

boundary /ˈbaʊndəɹi/ /ˈbaʊndɹi/ boundaries n
granica
The dividing line or location between two areas.
brzeg
(topology) (of a set) The set of points in the closure of a set S, not belonging to the interior of that set.

bounded /ˈbaʊndɪd/ more bounded most bounded adj
ograniczony
(analysis, of a set) That can be enclosed within a ball of finite radius.

bounded function bounded functions n
funkcja ograniczona
(mathematics) Any function whose values remain bounded by some constant.

boundless more boundless most boundless adj
bezgraniczny bezkresny
Without bounds, unbounded.

boundlessly more boundlessly most boundlessly adv
bezbrzeżnie bezgranicznie bezkreśnie

boundlessness boundlessnesses n
bezbrzeżność bezgraniczność bezkresność
The property of being boundless, of being without limits or ends.

bounteous /ˈbaʊntiəs/ /ˈbaʊnʃəs/ more bounteous most bounteous adj
hojny szczodry
(, of a person) Inclined to be generous.

bounty hunter bounty hunters n
łowca nagród
An individual who catches criminals and brings them to the police in return for a reward.

bouquet /boʊˈkeɪ/ /buˈkeɪ/ bouquets n
bukiet wiązanka
A bunch of cut flowers.

bourgeois /bʊɹʒˈwɑː/ /ˈbɔːʒ.wɑː/ /ˈbʊəʒ.wɑː/ more bourgeois most bourgeois adj
burżuazyjny
(Marxism) Of or relating to the capitalist class, (usually, _, pejorative) the capitalist exploitation of the proletariat.

bourgeois /bʊɹʒˈwɑː/ /ˈbɔːʒ.wɑː/ /ˈbʊəʒ.wɑː/ bourgeois n
burżuazja
(political, collectively, usually, in the plural) The middle class.
burżuj mieszczanin mieszczanka
(history) An individual member of the bourgeoisie, the third estate of the French Ancien Regime.

bourgeoisie /ˌbʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑːˈziː/ bourgeoisies n
burżuazja mieszczaństwo
(Marxism) The capitalist class.

boustrophedon /ˌbuːstɹəˈfiːdən/ boustrophedons n
bustrofedon
(historical, calligraphy, of writing) Writing that is right-to-left and left-to-right on alternate lines.

bout /bʌʊt/ /ˈbaʊt/ bouts n
pojedynek walka
(boxing) A boxing match.

boutique /boʊˈtik/ /buːˈtiːk/ boutiques n
butik
A small shop, especially one that sells fashionable clothes, jewelry and the like.

boutonniere /ˌbuːtənˈiːɚ/ /ˌbuːtənˈjɛɹ/ boutonnieres n
butonierka
A small flower or bunch of flowers worn in a buttonhole or pinned to the lapel of a jacket.

bouzouki /buːˈzuːki/ /bəˈzuːki/ bouzoukis n
buzuki
(musical instrument) A Greek long-necked plucked fretted lute with a sharp, metallic sound.

bovarysm n
bovaryzm bowaryzm
(psychology) An anxiety to escape from a social or sentimental condition judged to be unsatisfactory, sometimes by building a fictitious personality.

bovine /ˈboʊ.vɪn/ /ˈboʊˌvaɪn/ /ˈboʊˌvin/ /ˈbəʊ.vaɪn/ more bovine most bovine adj
bydlęcy
(not comparable) Of or pertaining to cattle.
gamoniowaty
Sluggish, dull, slow-witted.

bovine spongiform encephalopathy n
chorobą szalonych krów gąbczasta encefalopatia bydła
(disease, neurology) A fatal, neurodegenerative disease of cattle, which is transmissible to humans through misshaped prion proteins, caused by eating infected tissues.

bovver boots n
glany
(1970s, _, British, _, slang) Stout lace-up boots, especially Dr. Martens, perceived to be worn for the purpose of kicking people in fights, and popular with skinheads or other troublemakers out looking for bovver.

bow /baʊ/ bows n
pokłon ukłon
A gesture, usually showing respect, made by inclining the head or bending forward at the waist; a reverence
dziób
(nautical) The front of a boat or ship.

bow /boʊ/ /bəʊ/ bows n
łuk smyczek
A weapon made of a curved piece of wood or other flexible material whose ends are connected by a string, used for shooting arrows.
Any instrument consisting of an elastic rod, with ends connected by a string, employed for giving reciprocating motion to a drill, or for preparing and arranging hair, fur, etc., used by hatters.
zagięcie zgięcie
A curved bend in a rod or planar surface, or in a linear formation such as a river (see oxbow).
kokarda
A type of knot with two loops, used to tie together two cords such as shoelaces or apron strings, and frequently used as decoration, such as in gift-wrapping.

bow /baʊ/ v
kłaniać pokłonić się skłonić
(intransitive) To bend oneself as a gesture of respect or deference.

bow /boʊ/ /bəʊ/ v
prowadzić smyczek
To play music on (a stringed) instrument using a bow.
wygiąć zgiąć
(transitive, figurative) To exercise powerful or controlling influence over; to bend, figuratively; to turn; to incline.

bow and arrow /ˈbəʊ ən(d) ˈæɹəʊ/ bows and arrows n
łuk i strzała
A weapon consisting of a bow and a supply of arrows, often kept in a quiver.

bow and scrape /ˌbaʊ ən ˈskɹeɪp/ v
bić pokłony
(idiomatic, by extension) To behave in a servile, obsequious, or excessively polite manner.

bow out /baʊ aʊt/ v
wycofać się wycofywać się
(idiomatic) To resign, or leave, with one's credibility still intact.

bow-wow interjection
hau
Representing the sound of a dog barking.

bowdlerize /ˈbaʊd.ləɹˌaɪz/ /ˈbaʊd.ləˌɹaɪz/ v
cenzurować ocenzurować ugrzeczniać ugrzecznić
To remove or alter those parts of a text considered offensive, vulgar, or otherwise unseemly.

bowel /baʊl/ /ˈbaʊ.əl/ bowels n
jelito
(chiefly, medicine) A part or division of the intestines, usually the large intestine.

bower /baʊ.əɹ/ /baʊəɹ/ /bəʊ.əɹ/ /bəʊəɹ/ bowers n
alkierz buduar
A bedroom or private apartments, especially for a woman in a medieval castle.

bower bird bower birds n
altannik
Any bird of the Australasian family Ptilonorhynchidae noted for building display structures (bowers) and decorating them with bright objects such as shells, glass, flowers, etc.

bowfin bowfins n
amia miękławka
A voracious ganoid fish, Amia calva, the last survivor of the order Amiiformes, found in the fresh waters of the United States.

bowhead bowheads n
wal grenlandzki wieloryb grenlandzki
A large whale, Balaena mysticetus, having a large, rounded head, that inhabits Arctic waters.

bowl /boʊl/ /bɐʉl/ /bəʊl/ [boɫ] [bɒʊɫ] bowls n
misa
A roughly hemispherical container used to hold, mix or present food, such as salad, fruit or soup, or other items.
czerpak
(cooking) A dish comprising a mix of different foods, not all of which need be cooked, served in a bowl.

bowl cut bowl cuts n
fryzura na grzybka grzybek
(hairstyling) A haircut where the hair is cut short on the sides and back and allowed to grow long on the top, as though only the hair not covered by an inverted bowl had been removed.

bowleg bowlegs n
kolana szpotawe
A leg that curves outward at the knee. It might refer to the leg of a human, animal or even a piece of furniture.

bowler /ˈboʊ.lɚ/ /ˈbəʊ.lə/ bowlers n
kręglarz
(bowling) One who engages in the sport of bowling.

bowler hat bowler hats n
melonik
A hard round black felt hat with a narrow brim, formerly worn by men.

bowling /ˈboʊlɪŋ/ /ˈbəʊlɪŋ/ [ˈbɒʊɫɪŋ] n
bowling kręgle
A game played by rolling a ball down an alley and trying to knock over a triangular group of ten pins; ten-pin bowling/five-pin bowling

bowling alley bowling alleys n
kręgielnia
A building or room which contains lanes for bowling.

bowser bowsers n
dystrybutor paliwa
(now, _, chiefly, Australia, and, New Zealand) A fuel metering/delivery pump at a filling station.

bowsprit /ˈbəʊspɹɪt/ bowsprits n
bukszpryt dziobak
(nautical) A spar projecting over the prow of a sailing vessel to provide the means of adding sail surface.

bowstring /ˈboʊstɹɪŋ/ /ˈbəʊstɹɪŋ/ bowstrings n
cięciwa
The string of an archer's bow.
(historical) The string of an archer's bow, as used by the Turks for strangling offenders.

bowtie /boʊˈtaɪ/ /bəʊˈtaɪ/ bowties n
muszka
A man's necktie tied in a bow around the throat.

box /bɑks/ /bɒks/ boxes n
budka
A small rectangular shelter.
loża
A compartment to sit inside in an auditorium, courtroom, theatre, or other building.
ochraniacz na jądra
(cricket) A hard protector for the genitals worn inside the underpants by a batsman or close fielder.
pudełko pudło skrzynia futerał
A cuboid space; a cuboid container, often with a hinged lid.
pudło
(slang) Preceded by the: television.
bukszpan
(Australia) Various species of Eucalyptus trees are popularly called various kinds of boxes, on the basis of the nature of their wood, bark, or appearance for example, the drooping box (Eucalyptus bicolor), shiny-leaved box (Eucalyptus tereticornis), black box, or ironbark box trees.

box /bɑks/ /bɒks/ v
zapakować
(transitive) To place inside a box; to pack in one or more boxes.
boksować
(transitive) To strike with the fists; to punch.
(transitive, boxing) To fight against (a person) in a boxing match.

box tree box trees n
bukszpan
(botany) Any of several trees, of the genus Buxus, often used as a hedge, for topiary, and as a source of boxwood

boxcar boxcars n
furgonetka
(rail, US) An enclosed railway goods wagon, typically with a sliding door.

boxer /ˈbɑksɚ/ /ˈbɒksə/ boxers n
bokser pięściarz bokserka pięściarka
A participant in a boxing match; a fighter who boxes.
bokser
A breed of stocky, medium-sized, short-haired dog with a square-jawed muzzle.

boxer shorts n
bokserki
Shorts worn as underwear by men.

boxing /ˈbɑːksɪŋ/ /ˈbɒksɪŋ/ n
boks
(sports) A sport where two opponents punch each other with gloved fists to head and torso; the object being to score more points by the end of the match or by knockout, or technical knockout.

boxing ring boxing rings n
ring
A space, usually square, with elastic ropes around the edge, in which a boxing match is fought.

boxwood boxwoods n
bukszpan
(countable, uncountable) The box tree, Buxus sempervirens.
(uncountable) The hard, close-grained wood of this tree, used in delicate woodwork and in making inlays.
(countable, uncountable) Any tree of genus Buxus.

boy /bɔɪ/ /bɔːə/ boys n
chłopiec chłopak chłopczyk
A young male human. [from 15th c.]

boy band boy bands n
boys band boysband
(music) A pop group whose members are all (usually attractive) young men.

boyar /bəʊˈjɑː/ /ˈbɔɪɑː/ /ˈbəʊjɑː/ boyars n
bojar bojarzyn
(historical) A member of a rank of aristocracy (second only to princes) in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Serbia and Romania.

boycott /ˈbɔɪkɑt/ /ˈbɔɪkɒt/ boycotts n
bojkot
The act of boycotting.

boycott /ˈbɔɪkɑt/ /ˈbɔɪkɒt/ v
bojkotować
To abstain, either as an individual or a group, from using, buying, or dealing with someone or some organization as an expression of protest.

boyfriend /ˈbɔɪfɹənd/ /ˈbɔɪˌfɹɛnd/ boyfriends n
chłopak przyjaciel sympatia
A male partner in an unmarried romantic relationship.
kumpel przyjaciel
A male friend.

boyhood /ˈbɔɪˌhʊd/ boyhoods n
chłopięctwo lata chłopięce
The state or period of being a boy.

boyish /ˈbɔɪ.ɪʃ/ more boyish most boyish adj
chłopięcy
Like a stereotypical boy in appearance or demeanor.

boykin /ˈbɔɪkən/ /ˈbɔɪkɪn/ boykins n
chłopczyk chłopiec
(now, _, rare, chiefly, informal, affectionate) A little boy.

boys will be boys proverb
chłopcy zawsze będą chłopcami
It is hard, often fruitless, to attempt to curb the natural playfulness and tendency to mischief of most growing boys.

bozo /ˈbəʊ.zəʊ/ bozos n
głupek palant przygłup
(slang) A stupid, foolish, or ridiculous person, especially a man. [from 1910s]

bra /bɹæ/ /bɹɑː/ bras n
bra
biustonosz stanik
An item of clothing, usually underwear worn to support the breasts. [from 1920s]

braceface bracefaces n
aparatka

bracelet /ˈbɹeɪslət/ /ˈbɹeɪslɪt/ bracelets n
bransoletka bransoleta
A band or chain worn around the wrist as jewelry/jewellery or an ornament.

braces /ˈbɹeɪsɪz/ n
aparat ortodontyczny, aparat na zęby
(orthodontics) A device worn on the teeth to straighten them.

brachial /ˈbreɪkɪəl/ /ˈbrækɪəl/ adj
ramienny
Pertaining or belonging to the arm.

brachiation brachiations n
brachiacja
(zoology) Movement by swinging the arms from one hold to the next.

brachiopod /ˈbɹeɪkɪoʊˌpɒd/ /ˈbɹækɪəˌpɒd/ brachiopods n
ramienionóg
Any of many marine invertebrates, of the phylum Brachiopoda, that have bivalve dorsal and ventral shells with two tentacle-bearing arms that capture food

brachiosaurus brachiosauruses n
brachiozaur
A large herbivorous sauropod dinosaur, Brachiosaurus altithorax, which lived during the Jurassic period.

brachy- prefix
brachy-
short, brief
short, small

bracken /ˈbɹækən/ brackens n
orlica
(uncountable, countable) Any of several coarse ferns, of the genus Pteridium, that form dense thickets; often poisonous to livestock.

bracket /ˈbɹækɪt/ brackets n
nawias
Any of the characters "(", ")", "[", "]", "{", "}", "<" and ">", used in pairs to enclose parenthetic remarks, sections of mathematical expressions, etc.

brackish /ˈbɹækɪʃ/ more brackish most brackish adj
słonawy
(of water) Salty or slightly salty, as a mixture of fresh and sea water, such as that found in estuaries.

bract bracts n
przykwiatek
(botany) A leaf or leaf-like structure from the axil out of which a stalk of a flower or an inflorescence arises.

bracteole bracteoles n
plewinka
(botany) A small leaf of leaf-like structure directly subtending a flower or inflorescence whose stalk itself is subtended by a bract.

brag /bɹæɡ/ v
przechwalać się chełpić się
(intransitive) To boast; to talk with excessive pride about what one has, is able to do, or has done; often as an attempt to popularize oneself.

braggadocio /bɹaɡaˈdoːt͡ʃo/ /ˌbɹæ.ɡəˈdəʊ.t͡ʃəʊ/ /ˌbɹæɡ.əˈdoʊ.ʃiˌoʊ/ braggadocii braggadocioes braggadocios n
bufonada bufoneria samochwalstwo
Empty boasting.

bragging rights n
prawo do przechwałek
(idiomatic) The prerogative to praise oneself for a skill or accomplishment.

braid /bɹeɪd/ braids n
warkocz kosa
A weave of three or more strands of fibers, ribbons, cords or hair often for decoration. [from 16th c.]

braid /bɹeɪd/ v
pleść splatać spleść
(transitive) To weave together, intertwine (strands of fibers, ribbons, etc.); to arrange (hair) in braids.
(obsolete) To reproach; to upbraid.

braid group braid groups n
grupa warkoczy
(group theory) A group whose elements represent ways to weave some number of strings into braids.

brain /bɹeɪn/ brains n
mózg
A part of the brain, especially associated with particular mental functions, abilities, etc.
The control center of the central nervous system of an animal located in the skull which is responsible for perception, cognition, attention, memory, emotion, and action.
(informal) An intelligent person.
(plurale tantum) A person who provides the intelligence required for something.
(in the plural) Intellect.
(in the singular) An intellectual or mental capacity.
By analogy with a human brain, the part of a machine or computer that performs calculations.
(slang, vulgar, uncountable) Oral sex.
(informal) Mind.
A loose compartment of a backpack that straps on over the top opening.

brain death n
śmierć mózgu
(medicine) An irreversible loss of brain function and cessation of brain activity.

brain drain brain drains n
drenaż mózgów
The migration of educated or talented people from less economically advanced areas to more economically advanced areas, especially to large cities or richer countries.

brain stem brain stems n
pień mózgu
(neuroanatomy, anatomy) The part of the brain that connects the spinal cord to the cerebrum and the rest of the forebrain.

brain-dead /ˈbɹeɪnˌdɛd/ more brain-dead most brain-dead adj
w stanie śmierci mózgu
(medicine, not comparable) Having an irreversible loss of brain function and cessation of brain activity.

brain-teaser brain-teasers n
rozkmina łamigłówka
A complex riddle or puzzle.

brain-washing brain-washings n
pranie mózgu
A form of indoctrination that forces people to abandon their beliefs in favour of another set of beliefs by conditioning through various forms of pressure or torture

brainchild /ˈbɹeɪn.tʃaɪld/ brainchildren n
wynalazek
A creation, original idea, or innovation, usually used to indicate the originators

brainiac /ˈbɹeɪniæk/ brainiacs n
mózgowiec
(slang, sometimes, derogatory) A very intelligent and usually studious, erudite person.

brainless more brainless most brainless adj
bezmózgi
(not comparable) Having no brain.
(comparable) Unintelligent, with little common sense.

brains /bɹeɪnz/ n
móżdżek
The substance of a brain, as a material or foodstuff.

brainstorming brainstormings n
burza mózgów
A method of problem solving in which members of a group contribute ideas spontaneously.

brainwash /ˈbɹeɪnwɒʃ/ v
prać mózg komu wyprać mózg komu
(psychology) To affect one's mind by using extreme mental pressure or any other mind-affecting process. (e.g. hypnosis)

braise /bɹeɪz/ v
dusić
(cooking) To cook in a small amount of liquid, in a covered pan, somewhere between steaming and boiling.

brake /bɹeɪk/ brakes n
hamulec
A device used to slow or stop the motion of a wheel, or of a vehicle, usually by friction (although other resistive forces, such as electromagnetic fields or aerodynamic drag, can also be used); also, the controls or apparatus used to engage such a mechanism such as the pedal in a car. [from 18th c.]
(engineering) An apparatus for testing the power of a steam engine or other motor by weighing the amount of friction that the motor will overcome; a friction brake.
(figuratively) Something used to retard or stop some action, process etc.

brake /bɹeɪk/ v
hamować zahamować
(intransitive) To operate (a) brake(s).

brake fluid brake fluids n
płyn hamulcowy
A special fluid for operating hydraulic brakes and clutches, which are linked by pipe to a master cylinder.

brambling bramblings n
jer
A finch, Fringilla montifringilla of northern Eurasia, the male having a black head in summer and an orange breast with white belly and a long white rump.

bran /ˈbɹæn/ brans n
otręby
The broken coat of the seed of wheat, rye, or other cereal grain, separated from the flour or meal by sifting or bolting; the coarse, chaffy part of ground grain.

branch /bɹænt͡ʃ/ /bɹɑːntʃ/ /bɹɑːnʃ/ branches n
gałąź
The woody part of a tree arising from the trunk and usually dividing.
rozgałęzienie
Any of the parts of something that divides like the branch of a tree.
filia oddział agenda
A location of an organization with several locations.
gałąź dział
An area in business or of knowledge, research.

branch /bɹænt͡ʃ/ /bɹɑːntʃ/ /bɹɑːnʃ/ v
rozgałęziać się
(intransitive) To arise from the trunk or a larger branch of a tree.
(intransitive) To produce branches.
(intransitive, computing) To jump to a different location in a program, especially as the result of a conditional statement.

branched adj
rozgałęziony rozwidlony
Having branches.

branchial /ˈbɹæŋ.ki.əl/ adj
skrzelowy
Of, pertaining to, or resembling gills; of or pertaining to the embryonic branchial arches and clefts from which the gills arise.

brand /bɹænd/ brands n
głownia
(archaic, or, poetic) A piece of burning wood or peat, or a glowing cinder.
marka
The symbolic identity, represented by a name and/or a logo, which indicates a certain product or service to the public.
A specific product, service, or provider so distinguished.
styl typ
(by extension) Any specific type or variety of something; a distinct style or manner.

brand loyalty n
lojalność wobec marki
The positive feelings towards a brand and dedication to purchase the same product or service repeatedly, regardless of deficiencies, a competitor's actions, or changes in the environment.

brand new /ˈbɹæn.n(j)uː/ /ˈbɹænd ˌn(j)uː/ adj
prosto spod igły
Utterly new, as new as possible.

branding iron branding irons n
żegadło
A piece of metal bent into a distinctive shape, heated and used to brand livestock.

brandish /ˈbɹændɪʃ/ v
wymachiwać
(transitive) To move or swing a weapon back and forth, particularly if demonstrating anger, threat or skill.

brandy /ˈbɹændi/ brandies n
brandy winiak wypalanka
(uncountable) An alcoholic liquor distilled from wine or fermented fruit juice.

brannigan brannigans n
balanga
binge, bender, booze-up (where alcohol is drunk)

brant /bɹænt/ brant brants n
bernikla
(North American) Any of several wild geese, of the genus Branta, that breed in the Arctic, but especially the brent goose, Branta bernicla.

bras d'honneur /ˌbɹɑ dɑˈnɝ/ /ˌbɹɑː dɒˈnɜː/ bras d'honneur n
gest Kozakiewicza wał
An obscene gesture in which an arm is bent into an L-shape, with the closed palm pointing upwards, while the other hand then grips the biceps of the bent arm, and the bent forearm is then raised vertically; it conveys the sense of “up yours!”.

brash /bɹæʃ/ brasher brashest more brash most brash adj
nietaktowny
zuchwały
(of people or behaviour) Overly bold or self-assertive to the point of being insensitive, tactless or impudent; shameless.

brass /bɹæs/ /bɹɑːs/ brasses n
mosiądz
(countable, uncountable) A metallic alloy of copper and zinc used in many industrial and plumbing applications.
instrument dęty blaszany mosiężny
(music) A class of wind instruments, usually made of metal (such as brass), that use vibrations of the player's lips to produce sound; the section of an orchestra that features such instruments
łuska
Spent shell casings (usually made of brass); the part of the cartridge left over after bullets have been fired.

brass band brass bands n
orkiestra dęta
(music) A group of musicians who play brass instruments (sometimes accompanied by percussion)

brass instrument brass instruments n
instrument dęty blaszany blacha
Any musical instrument whose tone is produced by vibration of the lips as the player blows into a mouthpiece (or tubular resonator).

brass knuckles n
kastet
A weapon consisting of a metal reinforcement for the clenched fist, with finger holes molded in.

brasserie brasseries n
braseria
A small, informal restaurant that serves beer and wine as well as simple food.

brat /bɹat/ /bɹæt/ brats n
bachor bękart
(pejorative) A child who is regarded as mischievous, unruly, spoiled, or selfish.

bravado /brəˈvɑːdoʊ/ /bɹɑːˈvɑːdoʊ/ bravadoes bravados n
brawura
A swaggering show of defiance or courage.

brave /bɹeɪv/ braver bravest adj
odważny chrobry dzielny
Strong in the face of fear; courageous.

bravery /ˈbɹeɪv.ə.ɹi/ /ˈbɹeɪv.ɹi/ braveries n
odwaga śmiałość
(usually, uncountable) Being brave, courageousness.

bravo /bɹɑˈvoʊ/ /bɹɑːˈvəʊ/ /ˈbɹɑvoʊ/ /ˈbɹɑːvəʊ/ interjection
brawo
Used to express acclaim, especially to a performer.

brawl /bɹɑl/ /bɹɔl/ /bɹɔːl/ brawls n
awantura bijatyka bitka burda chryja draka
A disorderly argument or fight, usually with a large number of people involved.

brawn /bɹɔːn/ n
muskularość
Physical strength; muscularity.
salceson
(chiefly, British) Head cheese; a terrine made from the head of a pig or calf; originally boar's meat.

braze /bɹeɪz/ v
zgrzewać
To join two metal pieces, without melting them, using heat and diffusion of a jointing alloy of capillary thickness.

brazen /ˈbɹeɪzən/ more brazen most brazen adj
mosiężny
(archaic) Pertaining to, made of, or resembling brass (in color or strength).
bezwstydny bezczelny arogancki hucpiarski impertynencki rozpanoszony
Shamelessly shocking and offensive; audacious; impudent; barefaced; immodest, unblushing. [from 1570s.]

brazen bull brazen bulls n
byk Falarisa byk spiżowy byk sycylijski byk z brązu
An ancient torture device, supposed to have been devised by Perillos of Athens, consisting of a hollow bull fashioned from brass in which victims were imprisoned and burned to death.

brazenly more brazenly most brazenly adv
arogancko bezczelnie bezwstydnie impertynencko zuchwale
In a brazen (shamelessly shocking and offensive) manner.

brazier /ˈbɹeɪ.zjə(ɹ)/ /ˈbɹeɪ.ʒə(ɹ)/ /ˈbɹeɪ.ʒɚ/ /ˈbɹeɪʒəɹ/ braziers n
koksiak koksownik mosiężnik
An upright standing or hanging metal bowl used for holding burning coal for a source of light or heat.

brazil nut brazil nuts n
bertolecja orzesznica brazylijska orzesznica wyniosła
Bertholletia excelsa, a tree native to tropical South America.
bertolecja orzech brazylijski orzesznica brazylijska orzesznica wyniosła
The nut produced by this tree.

brazilwood brazilwoods n
fernambuk
A Brazilian timber tree (Paubrasilia echinata, syn. Caesalpinia echinata), used primarily to make bows for string instruments.

breach /bɹiːtʃ/ breaches n
wyłom wyrwa
A gap or opening made by breaking or battering, as in a wall, fortification or levee / embankment; the space between the parts of a solid body rent by violence
naruszenie
The act of breaking, in a figurative sense.
(legal) A breaking or infraction of a law, or of any obligation or tie; violation; non-fulfillment.

breach /bɹiːtʃ/ v
naruszyć
(transitive) To violate or break.

breach of contract breaches of contract n
naruszenie umowy
(legal) A failure to meet an obligation under the terms of a contract.

breach of trust breaches of trust n
nadużycie zaufania naruszenie zaufania

bread /bɹɛd/ breads n
chleb pieczywo
A foodstuff made by baking dough made from cereals.
pieczywo chleb
(countable) Any variety of bread.

bread and circuses /-iz/ /-kɪ.səz/ /ˈbɹɛd ənd ˈsəː.kəs.əz/ /ˈbɹɛd ənd ˈsɚ.kə.səz/ n
chleba i igrzysk
(idiomatic) Food and entertainment provided by the state, particularly if intended to placate the people.

bread knife bread knives n
nóż do chleba
A knife, with a serrated edge, designed to cut bread; sometimes slots into a breadboard.

bread maker bread makers n
wypiekacz do chleba
A household appliance which makes bread or dough from raw ingredients.

bread roll bread rolls n
bułka
A miniature round loaf of bread, often accompanying a meal.

breadbasket /ˈbɹɛdbɑːskɪt/ /ˈbɹɛdˌbæskɪt/ breadbaskets n
koszyk na chleb
A basket used for storing or carrying bread.

breadboard breadboards n
deska do krojenia chleba
A cutting board, especially for cutting bread.

breadbox /ˈbɹɛd.bɑks/ /ˈbɹɛd.bɒks/ breadboxes n
chlebak
a container for storing bread or other baked goods to keep them fresh

breadcrumb /ˈbɹɛdˌkrʌm/ breadcrumbs n
bułka tarta
(chiefly, in the plural) A tiny piece of bread, either one that falls from bread as it is cut or eaten, or one made deliberately by crumbling bread.

breadline breadlines n
granica ubóstwa
(figurative) Subsistence level.

breadstick breadsticks n
grissini paluch paluszek
A long, very slender loaf of crisp bread smaller than a baguette; for example, grissini from Italy and rosquilletas from Spain.

breadth-first search breadth-first searches n
przeszukiwanie wszerz
(graph theory) A search algorithm that begins at the root node and explores all the neighboring nodes.

breadwinner /ˈbɹɛdˌwɪnɚ/ breadwinners n
żywiciel rodziny
The primary income-earner in a household.

break /bɹeɪk/ /bɹiːk/ [bɹ(ʷ)eɪ̯k] breaks n
przerwa
A rest or pause, usually from work.
ucieczka
An act of escaping.
przełamanie
(tennis) A game won by the receiving player(s).

break /bɹeɪk/ /bɹiːk/ [bɹ(ʷ)eɪ̯k] v
rozmieniać rozmienić
(transitive) To divide (something, often money) into smaller units.
złamać łamać
(transitive) To cause (a person or animal) to lose spirit or will; to crush the spirits of.
psuć psuć się zepsuć zespuć się
(transitive, intransitive) To stop, or to cause to stop, functioning properly or altogether.
łamać złamać rozbijać połamać się rozbić się rujnować
(intransitive, of a voice) To alter in type due to emotion or strain: in men, generally to go up, in women, sometimes to go down; to crack.

break a lance v
walczyć
(intransitive) to take a stand, to contend [+ for (to the benefit of)] [+ in favour of (to the benefit of)] [+ against (in opposition to)] [+ with (in opposition to)]

break a leg interjection
powodzenia! połamania nóg!
(idiomatic) Said to someone wishing they perform well in a theatrical production or comparable endeavor.

break a sweat v
napocić się
To start sweating.
(idiomatic) To put effort into something.

break bad /bɹeɪk bæd/ /bɹæɪ̯k bæːd/ v
zejść na złą drogę
(colloquial, especially, Southern US, and, Midwest US, of a person) To go bad; to turn toward immorality or crime.

break bread v
jeść razem zjeść razem
To eat a meal, especially to eat a shared meal with friends.
łamać chleb
(Christianity) To take part in Holy Communion.

break camp v
zwijać obóz zwinąć obóz
To pack up a campsite and move on.

break character v
wychodzić z roli wyjść z roli

break down v
psuć się zepsuć się
(intransitive) To stop functioning. (machine, computer, vehicle)

break in v
ujeździć ujeżdżać
(transitive, of a horse) To tame; make obedient; to train to follow orders of the owner.

break on the wheel v
łamać kołem
(transitive) To fasten (a criminal etc.) to a wheel and break his limbs or beat him to death.

break one's fast v
jeść śniadanie
(dated) To eat breakfast; to eat the first meal of the day after a night of not eating or to conclude any period of fasting by consuming food.

break one's promise v
złamać obietnicę łamać obietnicę
To break an assurance, bond or commitment one has made.

break ranks v
wyłamać się
(military) To march or charge out of the designated order in a military unit.

break someone's heart v
złamać serce
(idiomatic) To cause a person to feel grief, disappointment or sadness.

break the back of v
kończyć większą część projektu skończyć większą część projektu
(idiom) To complete the greater part of (a project) or solve the most critical part of (a problem).

break the bank v
rozbijać bank rozbić bank
(intransitive) At a casino etc., to win all the money that is available to be paid.

break the ice /ˈbɹeɪk ði ˈaɪs/ v
przełamać lody
(idiomatic) To start to get to know people to avoid social awkwardness and formality.

break up v
zerwać
(intransitive, telecommunications) Of a conversation, to cease to be understandable because of a bad connection; of a signal, to deteriorate.

break water v
woda odchodzi woda odeszła
To lose one's amniotic fluid a.k.a. water, usually during the last phases of pregnancy.

break wind v
psuć powietrze puszczać gazy puścić gazy zepsuć powietrze
(idiomatic, euphemistic) To expel gases generated during digestion, especially through the anus; to fart or flatulate.

break-even point break-even points n
próg rentowności
(business, management) The point where total costs equal total revenue and the organization neither makes a profit nor suffers a loss.

breakable /ˈbɹeɪkəbl/ more breakable most breakable adj
łamliwy
Able to break or be broken.

breakaway adj
oderwany
Having broken away from a larger unit.

breakdance breakdances n
breakdance
The art, or an instance, of breakdancing.

breakdancing n
breakdance
(dance) An urban style of acrobatic street dance that originated in the hip hop culture of New York City in the late 20th century.

breakdown /ˈbɹeɪkdaʊn/ breakdowns n
awaria
A failure, particularly mechanical in nature.

breaker /ˈbɹeɪkə/ /ˈbɹeɪkɚ/ breakers n
coś, co łamie
Something that breaks.
maszyna łamiąca kamienie
A machine for breaking rocks, or for breaking coal at the mines.
bałwan grzywacz
(chiefly, in the plural) A wave breaking into foam against the shore, or against a sandbank, or a rock or reef near the surface, considered a useful warning to ships of an underwater hazard

breakfast /ˈbreɪkˌfɑːst/ /ˈbɹeɪkˌfæst/ /ˈbɹɛkfəst/ breakfasts n
śniadanie
The first meal of the day, usually eaten in the morning.

breakfast /ˈbreɪkˌfɑːst/ /ˈbɹeɪkˌfæst/ /ˈbɹɛkfəst/ v
śniadać jeść śniadanie zjeść śniadanie
(intransitive) To eat the morning meal.

breakfast cereal breakfast cereals n
płatki śniadaniowe
A food made from processed grains, such as maize, oats, wheat or rice, usually eaten for breakfast with milk and sometimes sugar.

breaking news n
wiadomość z ostatniej chwili łamiąca wiadomość
News that has either just happened or is currently happening.

breakout breakouts n
ucieczka z więzienia
An escape from prison.

breakthrough /ˈbɹeɪk.θɹuː/ adj
przełomowy
Characterized by major progress or overcoming some obstacle.

breakthrough /ˈbɹeɪk.θɹuː/ breakthroughs n
przełom
(military) An advance through and past enemy lines.
Any major progress; such as a great innovation or discovery that overcomes a significant obstacle.

breakup /ˈbɹeɪk.ʌp/ breakups n
rozstanie
The termination of a friendship or a romantic relationship.

breakwater /ˈbɹeɪkˌwɔːtə/ breakwaters n
falochron
A construction in or around a harbour designed to break the force of the sea and to provide shelter for vessels lying inside.
ostroga brzegowa
(on beaches) A wooden or concrete barrier, usually perpendicular to the shore, intended to prevent the movement of sand along a coast.

bream /bɹim/ /bɹiːm/ /bɹɛm/ /bɹɪm/ bream breams n
leszcz
A European fresh-water cyprinoid fish of the genus Abramis, little valued as food. Several species are known.
(British) A species in that genus, Abramis brama.
An American fresh-water fish, of various species of Lepomis and allied genera, which are also called sunfishes and pondfishes.
A marine sparoid fish of the genus Pagellus, and allied genera.

breast /bɹɛst/ breasts n
pierś biust cycek
(anatomy) Either of the two organs on the front of a female human's chest, which contain the mammary glands; also the analogous organs in males.

breast cancer breast cancers n
rak piersi
(oncology) Cancer of the breast.

breast pocket breast pockets n
brustasza
a small, outward pocket on a jacket or shirt, located over one's chest

breastaurant breastaurants n
restauracja
A restaurant featuring scantily clad female waitstaff.
matka
(humorous) A lactating woman or her breasts, viewed as a source of nutrition for a child.

breastbone breastbones n
mostek
(anatomy) The central narrow bone in the front of the chest, connecting the collarbone and the top ribs.

breastfeed /ˈbɹɛs(t)fiːd/ v
karmić piersią
(transitive, intransitive) To feed (a baby) milk via the breasts; to suckle; to nurse.

breastfeeding /ˈbɹɛstˌfidɪŋ/ breastfeedings n
karmienie piersią
(countable) An instance (session) of such feeding activity.

breastplate breastplates n
kirys napierśnik
A piece of armor that covers the chest.
podpiersie podpiersień podpierśnik
A piece of horse tack designed to prevent the saddle slipping backwards.

breaststroke breaststrokes n
styl klasyczny żabka
A swimming stroke in which the swimmer lies face down, the arms being swept forward, outward and back under the water and the legs are kicked like a frog's

breath /bɹɛθ/ breaths n
oddech oddychanie
(countable) A single act of breathing in or out; a breathing of air.

breathalyzer breathalyzers n
alkomat balonik
A device that measures alcohol in expired air so as to estimate the concentration of alcohol in a person's blood; used by traffic police in cases of suspected driving while under the influence of alcohol.

breathe /bɹið/ /bɹiːð/ v
oddychać odetchnąć wdychać
(intransitive) To draw air into (inhale), and expel air from (exhale), the lungs in order to extract oxygen and excrete waste gases.
oddychać
(intransitive) To take in needed gases and expel waste gases in a similar way.
oddychać swobodnie
(intransitive, figurative) To live.
wdychać
(transitive) To draw something into the lungs.
szeptać
(transitive) To whisper quietly.
To pass like breath; noiselessly or gently; to emanate; to blow gently.

breathe in v
wdychać
(ambitransitive) To inhale.

breathe out v
wydychać
(ambitransitive) To exhale.

breather /bɹiː.ðə(ɹ)/ breathers n
odsapka
A short break; a rest or respite.

breathing /ˈbɹiðɪŋ/ /ˈbɹiːðɪŋ/ breathings n
oddychanie oddech
(uncountable) The act of respiration; (countable) a single instance of this.

breathtaking /ˈbɹɛθˌteɪ.kɪŋ/ more breathtaking most breathtaking adj
zapierający dech w piersiach
stunningly beautiful; amazing

breech birth breech births n
poród pośladkowy
A birth in which the baby comes through the birth canal posterior (buttocks), feet, or knees first, instead of the more usual position of headfirst.

breeches /ˈbɹiː.t͡ʃɪz/ /ˈbɹɪ.t͡ʃɪz/ n
bryczesy
A garment worn by men, covering the hips and thighs; smallclothes.

breed /bɹiːd/ breeds n
gatunek
All animals or plants of the same species or subspecies.
rasa
A race or lineage; offspring or issue.

breed /bɹiːd/ v
płodzić rozmnażać się spładzać spłodzić
To produce offspring sexually; to bear young.
hodować
To keep animals and have them reproduce in a way that improves the next generation’s qualities.
To propagate or grow plants trying to give them certain qualities.
hodować wychowywać
To take care of in infancy and through childhood; to bring up.

breeder /ˈbɹiːdɚ/ breeders n
hodowca hodowczyni
A person who breeds plants or animals (professionally).

breeding-ground breeding-grounds n
lęgowisko
A place or region where animals go to breed.

breeze /bɹiːz/ breezes n
bryza lekki powiew wiaterek wicherek wietrzyk zefirek
A light, gentle wind.

bresaola /bɹɛˈsoʊlə/ /bɹɛˈsəʊlə/ /bɹɪˈzoʊlə/ /bɹɪˈzəʊlə/ n
bresaola

brethren /ˈbɹɛðɹən/ n
bractwo
(figuratively) The body of members, especially of a fraternal, religious or military order.

breviary /ˈbɹiː.və.ɹi/ /ˈbɹiː.vɪ.əɹ.i/ /ˈbɹɛv.i.ɛɹ.i/ /ˈbɹɛv.ɪ.əɹ.i/ breviaries n
brewiarz
A book containing prayers, hymns, and so on for everyday use at the canonical hours.

brew /bɹuʊ̯/ /bɹuː/ /bɹɪʊ̯/ [bɹʉw] v
warzyć
(intransitive) To attend to the business, or go through the processes, of brewing or making beer.

brewer /ˈbɹuː.ə(ɹ)/ brewers n
piwowar
Someone who brews, or whose occupation is to prepare malt liquors.

breweriana n
birofilia birofilistyka

brewery /ˈbɹuːəɹi/ breweries n
browar browarnia
A building where beer is produced.

brewing /ˈbɹuːɪŋ/ brewings n
warzenie
The production of alcoholic beverages, such as beer, by fermentation; the process of being brewed.

brewski brewskis n
browar
(uncountable, informal) beer

bribe /bɹaɪb/ bribes n
łapówka
Something (usually money) given in exchange for influence or as an inducement to breaking the law.

bribe /bɹaɪb/ v
przekupić dawać łapówkę
(transitive) To give a bribe to; specifically, to ask a person to do something against his/her original will, in exchange for some type of reward or relief from potential trouble.
(transitive) To gain by a bribe; to induce as by a bribe.

bribery /ˈbɹaɪbəɹi/ briberies n
łapownictwo łapówkarstwo
the making of illegal payment, or bribes, to persons in official positions as a means of influencing their decisions

bribetaker bribetakers n
łapownik łapówkarz
A person who takes bribes

bric-a-brac /ˈbɹɪkəbɹæk/ /ˈbɹɪkəˌbɹæk/ bric-a-bracs n
bambetle bibeloty
Small ornaments and other miscellaneous display items of little value.

brick /bɹɪk/ adj
ceglany
(colloquial, AAVE, New York, of weather) Extremely cold.

brick /bɹɪk/ bricks n
cegła
(countable) A hardened rectangular block of mud, clay etc., used for building.
(uncountable) Such hardened mud, clay, etc. considered collectively, as a building material.

brick red adj
ceglasty
Of a warm brownish-red colour similar to that of red clay bricks.

bricker /ˈbɹɪkɚ/ brickers n
cegielnik ceglarz
A brickmaker.

bricklayer bricklayers n
murarz
A craftsman who builds walls and suchlike out of bricks.

brickwork n
wiązanie wątek
Those parts of items that are made of brick.

brickyard brickyards n
cegielnia
A place where bricks are, or once were, produced or distributed.

bridal couple bridal couples n
państwo młodzi młoda para
The bride and bridegroom on their wedding day, and possibly for a short time thereafter, for example during their honeymoon.

bride /bɹaɪd/ brides n
panna młoda młoda niewiasta oblubienica
A woman in the context of her own wedding; one who is going to marry or has just been married.

bride price bride prices n
wiano
A sum of money or other valuables paid by a bridegroom or on his behalf to the family of the bride, in some cultures.

bridegroom /ˈbɹaɪdˌɡɹuːm/ bridegrooms n
pan młody nowożeniec
A man in the context of his own wedding; one who is going to marry or has just been married.

bridesmaid /ˈbɹaɪdzˌmeɪd/ bridesmaids n
druhna
A woman who attends a bride during her wedding ceremony, as part of the main wedding party.

bridge /bɹɪd͡ʒ/ bridges n
grzbiet most
(anatomy) The upper bony ridge of the human nose.
most
A construction or natural feature that spans a divide.
(music, lutherie) The piece, on string instruments, that supports the strings from the sounding board.
(computing) A device which connects two or more computer buses, typically in a transparent manner.
(graph theory) An edge which, if removed, changes a connected graph to one that is not connected.
most mostek
(dentistry) A prosthesis replacing one or several adjacent teeth.
brydż bridż
(card games) A card game played with four players playing as two teams of two players each.
mostek kapitański most
(nautical) An elevated platform above the upper deck of a mechanically propelled ship from which it is navigated and from which all activities on deck can be seen and controlled by the captain, etc; smaller ships have a wheelhouse, and sailing ships were controlled from a quarterdeck.

bridge loan bridge loans n
ubezpieczenie pomostowe
(business, finance) A sum of money loaned or borrowed for a short period of time in order to cover expenses until new expected funds become available.

bridgehead /ˈbɹɪd͡ʒhɛd/ bridgeheads n
przyczółek
(military) An area of ground on the enemy's side of a river or other obstacle, especially one that needs to be taken and defended in order to secure an advance.

bridle /ˈbɹaɪdəl/ bridles n
uzda ogłowie tranzelka
(equestrian) The headgear with which a horse is directed and which carries a bit and reins.

bridle /ˈbɹaɪdəl/ v
kiełznać
(transitive) To put a bridle on.
żachnąć się
(intransitive) To show hostility or resentment.

bridled tern bridled terns n
rybitwa brunatnogrzbieta
Onychoprion anaethetus, is a seabird of the family Laridae.

brie /bɹiː/ bries n
brie
An originally French variety of soft cheese made from cow's milk.

brief /bɹiːf/ briefer briefest more brief most brief adj
krótki
Of short duration; happening quickly. [from 15th c.]
zwięzły
Concise; taking few words. [from 15th c.]

briefcase /ˈbɹiːfˌkeɪs/ briefcases n
teczka aktówka
A case used for carrying documents, especially for business.

briefing /ˈbɹiːfɪŋ/ briefings n
briefing
A short and concise summary of a situation.

briefly /ˈbɹiːfli/ more briefly most briefly adv
pokrótce
(manner) In a brief manner, summarily.

briefs /bɹiːfs/ n
majtki slipy gacie gatki
(chiefly, Australia, informal) Male underpant bikini briefs.

brig /bɹɪɡ/ brigs n
bryg
(watercraft) A two-masted vessel, square-rigged on both foremast and mainmast

brigade /bɹɪˈɡeɪd/ brigades n
brygada
A group of people organized for a common purpose.
(military) Military unit composed of several regiments (or battalions) and including soldiers from different arms of service.

brigadier /bɹɪɡəˈdɪɚ/ brigadiers n
brygadier
(military) An army rank; an officer commanding a brigade.

brigand /ˈbɹɪɡ.ənd/ brigands n
bandyta zbój
An outlaw or bandit.

brigandish more brigandish most brigandish adj
bandycki

brigantine /ˈbɹɪɡ.ənˌtaɪn/ /ˈbɹɪɡ.ənˌtin/ brigantines n
brygantyna
(nautical) a two-masted vessel, square-rigged on the foremast, but fore-and-aft-rigged mainsail with a square-rig above it on the mainmast.

bright /bɹaɪt/ brighter brightest adj
jasny
Emitting much light; visually dazzling; luminous, lucent, radiant.

bright and early /ˌbɹaɪt‿n̩ ˈɜɹli/ /ˌbɹaɪt‿n̩ ˈɜːli/ more bright and early most bright and early adv
białym świtem bladym świtem
(idiomatic, originally, US) (Very) early in the morning.

brill /bɹɪl/ brill brills n
nagład
A type of flatfish, Scophthalmus rhombus.

brilliance /ˈbɹɪljən(t)s/ brilliances n
blask świetlistość
The quality of being exceptionally effulgent (giving off light).
błyskotliwość błyskotność
The quality of having extraordinary mental capacity.

brilliant /ˈbɹɪljənt/ more brilliant most brilliant adj
błyszczący
Shining brightly.
świetny błyskotliwy błyskotny znakomity
(British) Of surpassing excellence.
błyskotliwy błyskotny genialny
Highly intelligent.

brilliantly more brilliantly most brilliantly adv
błyskotliwie błyskotnie błyszcząco
In a brilliant manner; with brilliance.

brim /bɹɪm/ brims n
krawędź
The topmost rim or lip of a container.

bring /ˈbɹɪŋ/ v
przynieść przynosić przyprowadzać przyprowadzić przywieźć przywozić
(transitive, ditransitive) To transport toward somebody/somewhere.

bring a knife to a gunfight v
przychodzić nieprzygotowany przyjść nieprzygotowany
(idiomatic) To enter into a confrontation or other challenging situation without being adequately equipped or prepared.

bring about v
powodować wywoływać
(transitive) To cause to take place.
dokonywać
(transitive) To accomplish, achieve.

bring forward v
przesunąć na wcześniejszy termin przyspieszyć

bring home the bacon v
przynosić mamuta do domu
(idiomatic) To have employment which provides remuneration to satisfy the basic needs of oneself and one's family.

bring in v
wnieść wnosić wwieźć wwozić
To move something indoors, or into an area.
wprowadzać wprowadzić
To introduce a person or group of people to an organisation.

bring to bear v
wykorzystać wykorzystywać
(transitive, idiomatic) To apply; to employ something to achieve an intended effect.

bring to justice v
postawić przed sądem stawiać przed sądem
(idiomatic) To cause a person alleged to have committed criminal acts to be brought to trial on the offenses.

bring to light v
wyciągać na światło dzienne wyciągnąć na światło dzienne
(idiomatic) To expose, disclose or reveal something that was hidden or unknown.

bring to one's knees v
rzucać na kolana rzucić na kolana

bring up v
wychować wychowywać
To raise or rear (children).

bring up the rear v
być na końcu
(idiomatic) To be last in a moving line of people, to walk or go behind others in a line.

brioche /briːˈɒʃ/ /ˈbriːɒʃ/ brioches n
brioche brioszka
(countable, and, uncountable) A type of light sweet pastry or bun of French origin.

briquette /bɹɪˈkɛt/ briquettes n
brykiet
A small brick, typically made of charcoal and used for fuel.

brisk /bɹɪsk/ brisker briskest more brisk most brisk adj
energiczny
Full of liveliness and activity; characterized by quickness of motion or action.

bristle /ˈbɹɪstəl/ /ˈbɹɪsəl/ /ˈbɹʌsəl/ bristles n
szczecina sierść
A stiff or coarse hair, usually and especially on a nonhuman mammal.
szczecina sierść włosie
The hairs or other filaments that make up a brush, broom, or similar item, typically made from plant cellulose, animal hairs, or synthetic polymers.

bristle /ˈbɹɪstəl/ /ˈbɹɪsəl/ /ˈbɹʌsəl/ v
najeżyć
To rise or stand erect, like bristles.
zjeżyć się
(with at) To be on one's guard or raise one's defenses; to react with fear, suspicion, or distance.

brittle /ˈbɹɪtl̩/ brittler brittlest more brittle most brittle adj
kruchy
Inflexible; liable to break, snap, or shatter easily under stress, pressure, or impact.

brittle star brittle stars n
wężowidło
Any of various echinoderms, of the class Ophiuroidea, that resemble starfish and have long, slender arms that regenerate when snapped off.

brittlegill brittlegills n
gołąbek
A mushroom of the genus Russula.

bro /bɹoʊ/ /bɹəʊ/ pronoun
brach braciak
(originally, AAVE, Internet slang) A person previously mentioned, usually male. Chiefly equivalent to he and him.

broad /bɹoːd/ /bɹɑd/ /bɹɔd/ /bɹɔːd/ broads n
babol babon babsko babsztyl babus
(US, colloquial, slang, sometimes, dated) A woman or girl.

broad bean broad beans n
bób bobik
An edible bean that has broad seeds (Vicia faba).

broad hint broad hints n
wyraźna aluzja

broad shoulders n
bary
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see broad,‎ shoulders.

broad-billed sandpiper broad-billed sandpipers n
biegus płaskodzioby
A type of sandpiper, (Calidris falcinellus)

broad-gauge adj
szerokotorowy
(rail) Relating to broad gauge or having a broad gauge.

broad-shouldered more broad-shouldered most broad-shouldered adj
barczysty pleczysty
Having broad shoulders.

broad-winged hawk broad-winged hawks n
myszołów szerokoskrzydły
Buteo platypterus, a small hawk of the Buteo genus.

broadcast /-kæst/ /ˈbɹɑdkæst/ /ˈbɹɔdkæst/ /ˈbɹɔːdkast/ /ˈbɹɔːdkɑːst/ broadcasts n
emisja nadawanie
A transmission of a radio or television programme intended to be received by anyone with a receiver.
audycja emisja program
A programme (bulletin, documentary, show, etc.) so transmitted.

broadcast /-kæst/ /ˈbɹɑdkæst/ /ˈbɹɔdkæst/ /ˈbɹɔːdkast/ /ˈbɹɔːdkɑːst/ v
nadawać nadać
(transitive) To transmit a message or signal through radio waves or electronic means.

broadcast station broadcast stations n
nadawca
A station from which a signal is emitted (most commonly a radio station or a television station).

broadcaster /-ˌkæstə/ /ˈbɹɑd-/ /ˈbɹɔdˌkæstɚ/ /ˈbɹɔːdˌkɑːstə/ broadcasters n
nadawca
An organization or station that engages in the activity of such broadcasting.
nadawca nadawczyni
A person whose job it is to effect such broadcasts; specifically, one who presents radio or television programmes (especially documentaries or news programmes); a presenter.

broadcasting broadcastings n
nadawanie
(business) The business or profession of radio and television.

broadcloth broadcloths n
sukno
(historical) A fine smooth-faced woolen cloth for men’s garments, usually of double width (i.e., a yard and a half); so called in distinction from woolens three quarters of a yard wide.

broaden /ˈbɹoː.dən/ /ˈbɹɑ.dən/ /ˈbɹɔ.dən/ /ˈbɹɔː.dən/ v
poszerzać poszerzyć
(transitive) To make broad or broader.
poszerzać się poszerzyć się
(intransitive) To become broad or broader.

broadly speaking adv
ogólnie rzecz biorąc

broadside broadsides n
salwa burtowa
(nautical) One side of a ship above the water line; all the guns on one side of a warship; their simultaneous firing.

brocade /bɹəˈkeɪd/ brocades n
brokat
(countable, uncountable) A thick heavy fabric into which raised patterns have been woven, originally in gold and silver; more recently any cloth incorporating raised, woven patterns.
(metaphoric) A decorative pattern.

broccoli /ˈbɹɑ.kə.li/ /ˈbɹɑk.li/ /ˈbɹɒ.kə.li/ broccoli broccolis n
brokuł
A plant, Brassica oleracea var. italica, of the cabbage family, Brassicaceae; especially, the tree-shaped flower and stalk that are eaten as a vegetable.

brochure /bɹoʊˈʃɝ/ /bɹoʊˈʃʊɚ/ /ˈbɹəʊ.ʃə(ɹ)/ brochures n
broszura ulotka
A booklet of printed informational matter, like a pamphlet, often for promotional purposes.

broiler chicken broiler chickens n
brojler

broke /bɹoʊk/ /bɹəʊk/ broker brokest more broke most broke adj
spłukany
(informal) Financially ruined, bankrupt.
(informal) Without any money, penniless.

broken /ˈbɹoʊ.kən/ /ˈbɹoʊ.kɪn/ /ˈbɹəʊ.kən/ more broken most broken adj
kreskowany przerywany
(of a, line) Dashed; made up of short lines with small gaps between each one and the next.
połamany złamany
(of a, bone or body part) Fractured; having the bone in pieces.
stłuczony potłuczony powyłamywany połamany
(of sleep) Interrupted; not continuous.
Fragmented; in separate pieces.
(of a, promise, etc) Breached; violated; not kept.
(colloquial, US, of a, situation) Not having gone in the way intended; saddening.
stłuczony zepsuty potłuczony powyłamywany połamany
Non-functional; not functioning properly.
spłukany
Having no money; bankrupt, broke.

broken heart broken hearts n
złamane serce
A feeling of grief or loss, especially after a failed romantic relationship.

broken record broken records n
zdarta płyta
(idiomatic) Someone or something that constantly repeats itself, causing annoyance.

broken-down more broken-down most broken-down adj
uszkodzony
Which has broken down and, as a result, is no longer in working order.

broker /ˈbɹoʊkɚ/ /ˈbɹəʊkə/ brokers n
makler pośrednik
A mediator between a buyer and seller.

broker /ˈbɹoʊkɚ/ /ˈbɹəʊkə/ v
pośredniczyć
(intransitive) To act as a broker; to mediate in a sale or transaction.

brokerage brokerages n
maklerstwo
A business, firm, or company whose business is to act as a broker (e.g., stockbroker).

bromance /ˈbɹoʊmæns/ /ˈbɹəʊmæns/ bromances n
męska przyjaźń
(informal) A close but non-sexual relationship between men.

bromatology /bɹəʊməˈtɒləd͡ʒi/ n
bromatologia
The study of food.

brome /bɹəʊm/ bromes n
stokłosa
Any grass of the genus Bromus.

bromic adj
bromowy

bromide /ˈbɹoʊ.maɪd/ /ˈbɹəʊ.maɪd/ bromides n
bromek
(inorganic chemistry) A binary compound of bromine and some other element or radical.

bromine /ˈbɹoʊmin/ /ˈbɹəʊmiːn, -mɪn, -maɪn/ bromines n
brom
(uncountable) A nonmetallic chemical element (symbol Br) with an atomic number of 35; one of the halogens, it is a fuming red-brown liquid at room temperature.

bromoacetone bromoacetones n
bromoaceton
(organic chemistry) The brominated derivative of acetone CH3-CO-CH2Br, once used as a lachrymatory agent

bromoform bromoforms n
bromoform
(organic compound) The haloform CHBr3, a very heavy liquid that is the bromine analogue of chloroform.

bronchitis /bɹɒŋˈkaɪtɪs/ bronchitides bronchitises n
zapalenie oskrzeli bronchit
(uncountable) An inflammation of the bronchi of the lungs, that causes the cilia of the bronchial epithelial cells to stop functioning.

broncho- prefix
broncho-
(anatomy, combining form) relating to bronchi and the airways

bronchoscopy bronchoscopies n
bronchoskopia
(medicine) A technique for viewing the bronchi using a flexible instrument called a bronchoscope.

bronchus /ˈbɹɑŋkəs/ /ˈbɹɒŋkəs/ bronchi n
oskrzele oskrzela
Either of two airways, which are primary branches of the trachea, leading directly into the lungs.

bronze /bɹɑnz/ /bɹɒnz/ more bronze most bronze adj
brązowy
Made of bronze metal.
Having a reddish-brown colour.

bronze /bɹɑnz/ /bɹɒnz/ bronzes n
brąz brązy
(uncountable) A naturally occurring or man-made alloy of copper, usually in combination with tin, but also with one or more other metals.
brąz
(countable, and, uncountable) A reddish-brown colour, the colour of bronze.

bronze medal bronze medals n
brązowy medal
A medal made of, or having the colour of, bronze, given as a prize for finishing in third place

bronze-winged jacana bronze-winged jacanas n
długoszpon białobrewy
Metopidius indicus, a wader in the family Jacanidae.

bronzesmith bronzesmiths n
brązownik
A maker of bronze articles.

brooch /bɹoʊt͡ʃ/ /bɹuːt͡ʃ/ /bɹəʊtʃ/ brooches n
brosza broszka
A piece of ornamental jewellery having a pin allowing it to be fixed to garments worn on the upper body.

brood mare brood mares n
klacz rozpłodowa
A stud mare, a female horse used for breeding.

broody /ˈbɹuːdi/ broodies n
nieśna
A female bird in the condition to incubate eggs; a broody hen, duck, etc.

brook /bɹuːk/ /bɹʊk/ brooks n
potok strumyk ruczaj
A body of running water smaller than a river; a small stream.

broom /bɹuːm/ /bɹʊm/ brooms n
miotła szczotka
(countable) A domestic utensil with fibers bound together at the end of a long handle, used for sweeping.
szczotka
(countable, curling) An implement with which players sweep the ice to make a stone travel further and curl less; a sweeper.
miotła janowiec szczotka
Any of several yellow-flowered shrubs of the family Fabaceae, with long, stiff, thin branches and small or few leaves used for the domestic utensil.

broom /bɹuːm/ /bɹʊm/ v
zamiatać
(transitive, intransitive) To sweep with a broom.

broomrape broomrapes n
zaraza
Any of various plants, of the genus Orobanche, that are parasitic on the roots of other plants.

broomstick /ˈbɹum.stɪk/ broomsticks n
kij od miotły
The handle of a broom (sweeping tool).

bros before hoes proverb
przyjaciele są lepsi niż dziewczyny
(US, vulgar, slang) A man should prioritize his male friends over women.

broth /bɹɑθ/ /bɹɒθ/ /bɹɔθ/ broths n
rosół bulion
(uncountable) Water in which food (meat or vegetable etc) has been boiled.
rosół
(countable) A soup made from broth and other ingredients such as vegetables, herbs or diced meat.

brothel /ˈbɹɑðəl/ /ˈbɹɑθəl/ /ˈbɹɒðəl/ /ˈbɹɒθəl/ /ˈbɹɔðəl/ /ˈbɹɔθəl/ brothels n
burdel dom publiczny bajzel agencja towarzyska lupanar zamtuz
A house of prostitution.

brothelkeeper brothelkeepers n
bajzelmama
A person who runs a brothel, whether legally or illegally.

brother /ˈbɹɐðɘ(ɹ)/ /ˈbɹʌvə(ɹ)/ /ˈbɹʌðə(ɹ)/ /ˈbɹʌðɚ/ brethren brothers n
brat
A male having at least one parent in common with another (see half-brother, stepbrother).
A male fellow member of a religious community, church, trades union etc.
brat brachol braciszek
Someone who is a peer, whether male or female.

brother-in-arms brethren-in-arms brothers-in-arms n
towarzysz broni
comrade in arms (fellow combatant or soldier)

brother-in-law /ˈbɹʌðəɹ ɪn ˌlɔː/ /ˈbɹʌðɚ ɪn ˌlɑ/ /ˈbɹʌðɚ ɪn ˌlɔ/ brethren-in-law brother-in-laws brothers-in-law n
szwagier
The husband of one's sibling.
szwagier dziewierz
The husband of the sibling of one's spouse.
szwagier dziewierz szurzy
The brother of the spouse of one's sibling.

brotherhood /ˈbɹʌðəhʊd/ /ˈbɹʌðɚhʊd/ brotherhoods n
braterstwo
The state of being brothers or a brother (also figuratively).
bractwo
An association of people for any purpose, such as a society of monks; a fraternity.

brotherly /ˈbɹʌð.ə.li/ /ˈbɹʌð.ɚ.li/ more brotherly most brotherly adj
braterski
Of or characteristic of brothers.

brow ridge brow ridges n
łuk brwiowy
a bony projection in humans and other primates located above eye sockets delimiting the bottom of the forehead

browbeat /ˈbɹaʊ.biːt/ v
zastraszać zastraszyć
(transitive) To bully in an intimidating, bossy, or supercilious way.

brown /bɹaʊn/ browner brownest more brown most brown adj
brązowy brąz
Having a brown colour.

brown /bɹaʊn/ browns n
brąz brązowy
(countable, and, uncountable) A colour like that of chocolate or coffee.

brown /bɹaʊn/ v
brązowieć zbrązowieć
(intransitive) To become brown.
przypiekać przyrumienić przypiec przyrumieniać
(cooking, transitive) To cook something until it becomes brown.

brown bear brown bears n
niedźwiedź brunatny
A species of bears native to northern America, Europe and Asia having brownish fur. (Ursus arctos)

brown bread brown breads n
ciemne pieczywo
Bread with a brown colour as distinct from white bread, wholemeal, granary or other specific types of bread.

brown dwarf brown dwarfs brown dwarves n
brązowy karzeł
(star) A starlike object that contracts to about the volume of Jupiter after its formation phase; its mass may range from several times that of Jupiter, such that it fuses deuterium, up to just below the threshold of sustained hydrogen fusion.

brown falcon brown falcons n
sokół brunatny

brown hyena brown hyenas n
hiena brunatna
A comparatively rare species of hyena, Hyaena brunnea, endemic to desert and semi-desert areas and open woodland savannahs of southern Africa.

brown rat brown rats n
szczur wędrowny
A rat of species Rattus norvegicus, common worldwide.

brown shrike brown shrikes n
dzierzba brązowa
Lanius cristatus, a bird in the shrike family (Lanius) that is found mainly in Asia. It is closely related to the red-backed shrike (L. collurio) and isabelline shrike (L. isabellinus).

brown sugar brown sugars n
brązowy cukier
Sugar which has been only partially refined and still contains molasses.

brown-eyed adj
brązowooki
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see brown,‎ eyed; having brown eyes.

brown-haired adj
szatynowy
having hair of a brown color.

brownie /ˈbɹaʊni/ brownies n
brownie
(usually, countable, culinary, originally, US) A small square piece of rich cake, usually made with chocolate. [from 1897]

brownish /ˈbɹaʊnɪʃ/ more brownish most brownish adj
brązowawy
Of a colour which resembles brown; somewhat brown.

brownnose brownnoses n
wdupowłaz
(figurative) One who sucks up; a bootlicker, ass-kisser, sycophant.

brownnose v
lizać dupę włazić w dupę

browse /bɹaʊz/ v
przeglądać
To scan, to casually look through in order to find items of interest, especially without knowledge of what to look for beforehand.
(transitive, computing) To navigate through hyperlinked documents on a computer, usually with a browser.

brr /bɝ/ [ʙ̩ː] interjection
brr pru
Used to express being cold, to show shivering.

brrm interjection
brum
(mostly, childish) The sound of a car engine.

brucellosis brucelloses n
bruceloza
(disease) Infection by a bacterium of the genus Brucella, which is carried by ruminants and other mammals, with symptoms include recurring fevers, sweating, weakness, anorexia, headaches, depression, and generalized aches and pains.

bruise /bɹuːz/ bruises n
siniak siniec stłuczenie
A purplish mark on the skin due to leakage of blood from capillaries under the surface that have been damaged by a blow.
obicie
A dark mark on fruit or vegetables caused by a blow to the surface.

bruise /bɹuːz/ v
posiniaczyć siniaczyć
(transitive) To strike (a person), originally with something flat or heavy, but now specifically in such a way as to discolour the skin without breaking it.

brumby /ˈbɹʌmbi/ brumbies n
brumby
(Australia) A wild or feral horse.

brunch /bɹʌnt͡ʃ/ /bɹʌnʃ/ brunches n
brunch
A meal eaten later in the day than breakfast and earlier than lunch, and often consisting of typical foods from both of those meals.

brunette /bɹuˈnɛt/ /bɹuːnɛt/ brunettes n
brunetka brunet bruneta
A person, especially female, with brown or black hair and, often, dark eyes and darkish or olive skin.

bruschetta /bɹuˈskɛtə/ /bɹuˈʃɛtə/ /bɹʊˈskɛtə/ bruschettas bruschette n
bruschetta
A light Italian dish of toasted bread with a topping of olive oil, garlic and chopped tomatoes.

brush /bɹɛʃ/ /bɹʌʃ/ brushes n
szczotka pędzel
An implement consisting of multiple more or less flexible bristles or other filaments attached to a handle, used for any of various purposes including cleaning, painting, and arranging hair.
czesanie szczotkowanie
The act of brushing something.
szczotka
A piece of conductive material, usually carbon, serving to maintain electrical contact between the stationary and rotating parts of a machine.
kita
The furry tail of an animal, especially of a fox.

brush /bɹɛʃ/ /bɹʌʃ/ v
szczotkować
(transitive) To clean with a brush.

brush up v
odświeżać odświeżyć
(idiomatic) To review; to improve an existing but rusty or underdeveloped skill.

brush-tailed phascogale brush-tailed phascogales n
myszowór pędzloogonowy
A species of arboreal carnivorous dasyurid marsupial, Phascogale tapoatafa, endemic to Australia.

brushwood brushwoods n
chrust zarośla
Branches and twigs fallen from trees and shrubs.
zarośla
Small trees and shrubs.

brusque /bɹuːsk/ /bɹʊsk/ /bɹʌsk/ brusquer brusquest more brusque most brusque adj
opryskliwy szorstki obcesowy kanciasty oschły
Rudely abrupt; curt, unfriendly.

brutal /ˈbɹu.təl/ /ˈbɹuː.təl/ /ˈbɹʉː.təl/ [ˈbɹu.ɾəl] [ˈbɹʉː.ɾəl] more brutal most brutal adj
brutalny
Savagely violent, vicious, ruthless, or cruel.

brutality /bɹuˈtælɪɾi/ /bɹuːˈtælɪti/ brutalities n
brutalność brutalizm
The state of being brutal.
okrucieństwo
A cruel or savage act.
brutalność
The use of excessive physical force, often in the form of violence.

brutally more brutally most brutally adv
brutalnie
In a brutal manner; viciously, barbarically.

brute /bɹut/ /bɹuːt/ more brute most brute adj
bezrozumny
Characteristic of unthinking animals; senseless, unreasoning (of humans). [from 16th c.]
Unconnected with intelligence or thought; purely material, senseless. [from 16th c.]

brute /bɹut/ /bɹuːt/ brutes n
bestia
(archaic) An animal seen as being without human reason; a senseless beast. [from 17th c.]
brutal bestia
A person with the characteristics of an unthinking animal; a coarse or brutal person. [from 17th c.]

brutely more brutely most brutely adv
bezrozumnie

bruteness n
bezrozum bezrozumność

bruxism /ˈbɹʊk-/ /ˈbɹʌksɪz(ə)m/ /ˈbɹʌksɪzəm/ bruxisms n
bruksizm
(dentistry) The habit or practice of grinding the teeth, as while sleeping, or due to stress or certain drugs.

bryndza n
bryndza
A soft cheese made from sheep's milk, primarily made in Central and Eastern Europe.

bryo- prefix
brio-

bryozoan /ˌbɹɑɪəˈzəʊən/ bryozoans n
mszywioł
(zoology) A member of the phylum Bryozoa of aquatic, usually colonial invertebrates. [from 19th c.]

bubble /ˈbʌb.əl/ bubbles n
bańka bąbel
A spherically contained volume of air or other gas, especially one made from soapy liquid.

bubble wrap bubble wraps n
folia bąbelkowa folia pęcherzykowa
Cushioning material consisting of small spheres of air trapped in plastic, sold on long rolls for tearing off, and used as packaging for fragile items.

bubblegum /ˈbʌbl̩ɡʌm/ /ˈbʌbəlɡʌm/ bubblegums n
balonówka guma balonowa
(usually, _, uncountable) A sweet chewing gum formulated to be stretchy so the chewer can blow bubbles with it.

bubo /ˈbju.boʊ/ /ˈbjuː.bəʊ/ /ˈbu.boʊ/ buboes bubos n
dymienica
(pathology) An inflamed swelling of a lymph node, especially in the armpit or groin, due to an infection such as bubonic plague, gonorrhea, tuberculosis, or syphilis.

bubonic /bjuːˈbɒnɪk/ adj
dymieniczy
Of or pertaining to buboes.

bubonic plague bubonic plagues n
dżuma dymienicza
(disease) A contagious, often fatal, epidemic disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, transmitted by the bite of fleas from an infected person or rodent, especially a rat, and characterized by delirium, chills, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and the formation of buboes.

buccal /ˈbʌk.əl/ adj
policzkowy
(pharmacology) Administered in the mouth, not by swallowing but by absorption through the skin of the cheek; often by placing between the top gum and the inside of the lip.

buccaneer /ˌbʌkəˈnɪɚ/ buccaneers n
bukanier kaper korsarz
(nautical) Any of a group of seamen who cruised on their own account on the Spanish Main and in the Pacific in the 17th century, who were similar to pirates but did not prey on ships of their own nation.
bukanier korsarz pirat
A pirate.

buck /bʌk/ bucks n
baks dolec zielony
(US, Australia, NZ, Canada, informal) A dollar (one hundred cents).

buckbean buckbeans n
bobrek trójlistkowy trójliść
A plant of speciesMenyanthes trifoliata, with racemes of white or reddish flowers and intensely bitter leaves, sometimes used in medicine.

bucket /ˈbʌ.kət/ /ˈbʌ.kɪt/ buckets n
wiadro kubeł ceber
The amount held in this container.
wiadro kubeł ceber czerpak łyżka
Part of a piece of machinery that resembles a bucket (container).
kosz
(basketball, informal) The basket.
grat gruchot rzęch
The leather socket for holding the whip when driving, or for the carbine or lance when mounted.

bucket list bucket lists n
lista rzeczy do zrobienia przed śmiercią
(idiomatic) A list of things to accomplish before one's death. [c. 2006]

buckle /ˈbʌk(ə)l/ /ˈbʌkl̩/ buckles n
sprzączka klamra
A metal clasp with a hinged tongue or a spike through which a belt or strap is passed and penetrated by the tongue or spike, in order to fasten the ends of the belt together or to secure the strap to something else.

buckle down v
przykładać się przysiąść sadła przyłożyć się
(intransitive, originally, US, idiomatic) To apply oneself to study, or a task or work; to focus on or take a serious attitude towards something; to put forth the needed effort.

buckler /ˈbʌk.lə/ /ˈbʌk.lɚ/ bucklers n
puklerz
(obsolete) A shield resembling the Roman scutum. In modern usage, a smaller variety of shield is usually implied by this term.

buckshot buckshots n
śrut gruby
(chiefly, US) Lead shot used in shotgun cartridges, made of larger pellets than birdshot and suitable for hunting larger game. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

buckthorn buckthorns n
szakłak
also genus Frangula, especially Frangula alnus, the alder buckthorn.

buckwheat /ˈbʌkwiːt/ /ˈbʌkʍiːt/ buckwheats n
gryka
An Asian plant, of the species Fagopyrum esculentum. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]
(culinary) The fruit of this plant used as a pseudocereal.

bucolic /bjuˈkɑlɪk/ /bjuːˈkɒlɪk/ bucolics n
bukolika
A pastoral poem.

bud /bʌd/ buds n
pączek pąk
A newly sprouted leaf or blossom that has not yet unfolded.

buddha /ˈbudə/ /ˈbʊdə/ buddhas n
budda
A human being who has become enlightened (in Buddhism).

buddy /ˈbʌd.i/ pronoun
kolega kumpel koleś morda
(In Maritime English) A person far removed from the conversation.

budge /bʌd͡ʒ/ v
poruszyć przesunąć
(transitive) To move; to shift from a fixed position.

budgerigar /ˈbɐd͡ʒəɹiˌɡɐː/ /ˈbʌd͡ʒəɹiˌɡɑɹ/ /ˈbʌd͡ʒəɹiˌɡɑː/ budgerigars n
papużka falista
A species of small green parrot, Melopsittacus undulatus, native to inland Australia; a common cagebird throughout the world and bred in many colour varieties.

budget /ˈbʌd͡ʒ.ət/ /ˈbʌd͡ʒ.ɪt/ adj
budżetowy tani
Appropriate to a restricted budget.

budget /ˈbʌd͡ʒ.ət/ /ˈbʌd͡ʒ.ɪt/ budgets n
budżet preliminarz
The amount of money or resources earmarked for a particular institution, activity or timeframe.
preliminarz budżet
An itemized summary of intended expenditure; usually coupled with expected revenue.

budget /ˈbʌd͡ʒ.ət/ /ˈbʌd͡ʒ.ɪt/ v
gospodarować
(transitive) To plan for the use of in a budget.

budget constraint budget constraints n
kotwica budżetowa

budgetary /ˈbʌd͡ʒ.əˌtɛɹ.i/ /ˈbʌd͡ʒ.ɪ.tə.ɹi/ /ˈbʌd͡ʒ.ɪ.tɹi/ adj
budżetowy
Of or pertaining to a budget.

budgeting budgetings n
budżetowanie
The activity of constructing a budget.

budyonovka budyonovkas n
budionowka
(history) a distinctive type of hat and an essential part of the Red Army uniform during the Russian Civil War and later

buff-bellied pipit buff-bellied pipits n
świergotek bagienny
Anthus rubescens, a small songbird found on both sides of the northern Pacific.

buff-breasted sandpiper buff-breasted sandpipers n
biegus płowy
A type of sandpiper, (Calidris subruficollis)

buffalo /ˈbʌf.ə.loʊ/ /ˈbʌf.əl.əʊ/ buffalo buffaloes buffalos n
bawół bawolica
An animal from the subtribe Bubalina, also known as true buffalos, such as the Cape buffalo, Syncerus caffer, or the water buffalo, Bubalus bubalis.
bizon bawół
A related North American animal, the American bison, Bison bison.

buffalo /ˈbʌf.ə.loʊ/ /ˈbʌf.əl.əʊ/ v
polować na bawoły
(transitive) To hunt buffalo.

buffer /ˈbafə(ɹ)/ /ˈbʌfə(ɹ)/ /ˈbʌfɚ/ [ˈbäfə(ɹ)] [ˈbɐfə(ɹ)] buffers n
bufor
(chemistry) A solution used to stabilize the pH (acidity) of a liquid.
(telecommunications) A routine or storage medium used to compensate for a difference in rate of flow of data, or time of occurrence of events, when transferring data from one device to another.

buffer zone buffer zones n
strefa buforowa
(US) A transitional area between areas of different land use.

buffet /bəˈfeɪ/ /bʌˈfeɪ/ /ˈbʊ.feɪ/ /ˈbʌ.feɪ/ buffets n
bufet
A counter or sideboard from which food and drinks are served or may be bought.

bufflehead /ˈbʌfəlhɛd/ buffleheads n
gągołek
A duck in the goldeneye genus, Bucephala albeola. [from 1850s]

buffoon /bəˈfuːn/ buffoons n
błazen pajac
One who acts in a silly or ridiculous fashion; a clown or fool.

buffoonery /bəˈfuːnəɹi/ buffooneries n
bufonada błazenada
The behaviour expected of a buffoon; foolishness, silliness.

bug /bʌɡ/ bugs n
pluskwiak
(entomology) An insect of the order Hemiptera (the “true bugs”).
bug byk błąd
(chiefly, computing and engineering jargon) A problem that needs fixing.
bakcyl
(informal) An enthusiasm for something; an obsession.
logo
(broadcasting) A small, usually transparent or translucent image placed in a corner of a television program to identify the broadcasting network or cable channel.
pluskwa podsłuch
(slang, US, horse-racing) An asterisk denoting an apprentice jockey's weight allowance.
owad insekt robak robal
(gambling, slang) A metal clip attached to the underside of a table, etc. to hold hidden cards, as a form of cheating.

bug /bʌɡ/ v
wkurzać
(informal, transitive) To annoy.
podkładać pluskwę podłożyć pluskwę zakładać pluskwę założyć pluskwę
(transitive) To install an electronic listening device or devices in.

bugger /ˈbʌɡə/ /ˈbʌɡɚ/ buggers n
skurwysyn
(slang, UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Hawaii, Commonwealth) Someone viewed with affection; a chap.

bugger /ˈbʌɡə/ /ˈbʌɡɚ/ v
cwelić przecwelić
(transitive, vulgar, British, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand) To have anal sex with, sodomize.
pierdolić rozpierdalać rozpierdolić spierdolić
(transitive, slang, vulgar, _, in, Britain, Ireland) To break or ruin.

bughouse chess n
kloc
A variant of chess played on two chessboards by four players in teams of two. Each player plays the other colour of pieces than their teammate, to whom they pass the pieces they capture from their opponent. The teammate can then choose to put one of these pieces on their board as an alternative way of making a move.

bugle /ˈbjuːɡəl/ bugles n
dąbrówka
A plant in the family Lamiaceae grown as a ground cover Ajuga reptans, and other plants in the genus Ajuga.
róg
A simple brass instrument consisting of a horn with no valves, playing only pitches in its harmonic series

build /bɪld/ builds n
budowa ciała
(countable, uncountable) The physique of a human or animal body, or other object; constitution or structure.
kompilacja
(computing, countable) Any of various versions of a software product as it is being developed for release to users.

build /bɪld/ v
budować stawiać wznosić postawić wybudować wznieść
(transitive) To form (something) by combining materials or parts.

build bridges /bɪld ˈbɹɪd͡ʒɪz/ v
budować mosty
(intransitive, idiomatic) Often followed by between or to: to establish friendly relations or links.

build castles in the air v
budować zamki na lodzie
(transitive, idiomatic) To have any desire, idea, or plan that is unlikely to be realized; to imagine visionary projects or schemes; to have an idle fancy or a pipe dream; to daydream.

builder /ˈbɪl.də/ /ˈbɪl.dɚ/ [ˈbɪɫ.ɾɚ] builders n
budowlaniec budownicza budowniczy
A person who builds or constructs things.

building /ˈbɪl.dɪŋ/ buildings n
budowa budować
(uncountable) The act or process by which something is built; construction.
budynek gmach budowla dom
(countable) A closed structure with walls and a roof.

building block building blocks n
blok budulec
(literally) A component that is part of a larger construction, such as a brick or a stone.
(figuratively) A component that is part of a larger system.

building material building materials n
budulec
Any material which is used for construction purposes.

building site building sites n
budowa plac budowy
(construction) The site, the place where a building is located, is currently under construction, or shall be constructed (including structures other than buildings).

bukkake /buˈkæ.ki/ /buˈkɑː.ke/ /buˈkɑː.ki/ n
bukkake
A sex act in which multiple people ejaculate on another person.

bulb /ˈbʌb/ /ˈbʌlb/ bulbs n
cebulka cebula
A light bulb (not necessarily bulbous in shape).

bulbil bulbils n
bulwka
(botany) A bulb-shaped bud in the place of a flower or in a leaf axil.

bulbosity bulbosities n
baniastość
(uncountable) The condition of being bulbous

bulbous /ˈboʊlbəs/ /ˈbʌlbəs/ more bulbous most bulbous adj
baniasty
Having the shape of or resembling a bulb, bloated.

bulbously more bulbously most bulbously adv
baniasto

bulbul /ˈbʊlbʊl/ bulbuls n
bilbil
Any of several passerine songbirds, of the family Pycnonotidae (currently, 27 genera recognized), native to Africa and parts of Asia, sometimes known as the ‘nightingale of the East’.

bulge /bʊld͡ʒ/ /bʌldʒ/ /bʌld͡ʒ/ bulges n
wypukłość
Something sticking out from a surface; a swelling, protuberant part; a bending outward, especially when caused by pressure.

bulgogi /bʊlˈɡoʊɡiː/ n
bulgogi
A Korean dish of shredded (usually marinated) beef with vegetables.

bulgur /ˈbʊl.ɡɚ/ /ˈbʌl.ɡɚ/ bulgurs n
bulgur
Wheat grains that have been steamed, dried, and crushed; a staple of Middle Eastern cooking.

bulimia /bjuˈlimi.ə/ /bjuˈlɪmi.ə/ /buˈlimi.ə/ /buˈlɪmi.ə/ bulimias n
bulimia nervosa żarłoczność psychiczna
(pathology) A chronic eating disorder characterized by a binge-and-purge cycle: extreme overeating followed by self-induced vomiting.

bulk /bʌlk/ bulks n
objętość masa wielkość
Size, specifically, volume.

bulkhead /ˈbʌlk.hɛd/ bulkheads n
gródź
(nautical) A vertical partition dividing the hull into separate compartments; often made watertight to prevent excessive flooding if the ship's hull is breached.
(aerospace) A similar partition in an aircraft or spacecraft.

bulky /ˈbʌlki/ bulkier bulkiest adj
masywny
Being large in size, mass, or volume; big, fat or muscular

bull /ˈbʊl/ bulls n
bulla
A seal affixed to a document, especially a document from the Pope.
byk
Any adult male bovine.
An adult male of certain large mammals, such as whales, elephants, camels and seals.
A large, strong man.

bull market bull markets n
hossa
(finance) A stock market where a majority of investors are buying ("bulls"), causing overall stock prices to rise.

bull run bull runs n
encierro
(bullfighting) An event in which people run with bulls in the streets.

bull terrier bull terriers n
bullterier bulterier

bulldog /ˈbʊl.dɑɡ/ /ˈbʊl.dɒɡ/ /ˈbʊl.dɔɡ/ bulldogs n
buldog
A breed of dog developed in England by the crossing of the bullbaiting dog and the Pug to produce a ladies' companion dog, having a very smooth coat, a flattened face, wrinkly cheeks, powerful front legs, and smaller hind legs.

bulldozer /ˈbʊldoʊzɚ/ bulldozers n
buldożer spychacz spycharka
A tractor with an attached blade for pushing earth and building debris for coarse preliminary surface grading, demolishing building structures, etc.

bullet /ˈbʊl.ɪt/ bullets n
kula pocisk
A projectile, usually of metal, shot from a gun at high speed.
(informal) An entire round of unfired ammunition for a firearm, including the projectile, the cartridge casing, the propellant charge, etc.
(figuratively) Anything that is projected extremely fast.

bullet point bullet points n
punktor
The symbol, typically a solid circle, that marks each item in a bulleted list.

bulletin /ˈ bʊl.ə.tən/ /ˈ bʊl.ə.tɪn/ /ˈ bʊl.əʔ.n̩/ /ˈ bʊl.ɪ.tɪn/ bulletins n
biuletyn
A short printed publication, especially one produced regularly by an organization.

bulletin board bulletin boards n
tablica ogłoszeń
A board on which messages may be posted, especially one in a public space.

bulletproof /bʊl.ɪtpɹuːf/ more bulletproof most bulletproof adj
kuloodporny
(of a material) Capable of withstanding a direct shot by a bullet fired from a gun.

bulletproof vest /bʊl.ɪtpɹuːf vɛst/ bulletproof vests n
kamizelka kuloodporna
A garment worn over the torso that protects against projectiles.

bullfight bullfights n
corrida korrida

bullfighting bullfightings n
korrida

bullfinch bullfinches n
gil
The Eurasian bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula).

bullish more bullish most bullish adj
byczy
Having a muscular physique, built 'like a bull'

bullroarer bullroarers n
czurynga
A ritual musical instrument and means of communicating over extended distances, consisting of a slat of wood tied to the end of a thong or string, with which the slat is whirled so as to cause an intermittent roaring noise.

bullseye /ˈbʊlzaɪ/ bullseyes n
bulaj
(nautical, obsolete) Thick glass set into the side of a ship to let in light.

bullshit /ˈbʊlʃɪt/ interjection
gówno prawda! pierdolisz!
(vulgar, slang) An expression of disbelief at what one has just heard.

bullshit /ˈbʊlʃɪt/ n
bzdura gówno prawda pieprzenie pierdolenie pierdoły pierdzielenie o Chopinie
(vulgar, slang, usual sense) Statements that are false or exaggerated to impress or cheat the listener.
gówno prawda
(vulgar, slang) Statements that are transparently or offensively false.

bullshit /ˈbʊlʃɪt/ v
pieprzyć pierdolić
(ambitransitive, vulgar, slang) To tell lies, exaggerate; to mislead; to deceive.
(intransitive, vulgar, slang) To have casual conversation with no real point; to shoot the breeze.

bullwhip bullwhips n
batog
A whip made from plaited leather, often with a knotted end, for use with livestock.

bully /ˈbʊli/ v
znęcać się
(transitive) To intimidate (someone) as a bully.

bullying /ˈbʊl.i.ɪŋ/ bullyings n
znęcanie
An act of intimidating a person to do something, especially such repeated coercion.
bullying znęcanie
Persistent acts intended to make life unpleasant for another person.

bulrush bulrushes n
sitowie
(AU) Any of various reed-like plants growing near water, especially Typha domingensis and Typha orientalis; cumbungi, wonga. [from 18th c.]

bulwark /ˈbʊl.wək/ /ˈbʊl.wɚk/ bulwarks n
szaniec wał
A defensive wall or rampart.

bum /bʌm/ bums n
pupa
(informal, _, or, _, childish, chiefly, Commonwealth) The buttocks.
(informal, _, or, _, childish, chiefly, Commonwealth) The anus.
bezdomny menel
(colloquial, derogatory) A homeless person, usually a man.
(colloquial, derogatory) A lazy, incompetent, or annoying person, usually a man.
(colloquial, sports) A player or racer who often performs poorly.
(colloquial) A drinking spree.

bum wine bum wines n
alpaga bełt jabol mamrot siara żur
(colloquial, pejorative) Cheap wine of very low quality, sold solely for the purposes of intoxication.

bumblebee /ˈbʌmbl̩bi/ bumblebees n
trzmiel bąk
Any of several species of large bee in the genus Bombus.

bumfuck nowhere pn
zadupie pierdziszewo wypiździejewo
(vulgar) The middle of nowhere; a nondescript, isolated, and underdeveloped locale whose precise location may be difficult to ascertain.

bump /bʌmp/ [bɐm̥p] bumps n
stłuczka
A light blow or jolting collision.
bum łup
The sound of such a collision.
(card games) In the game of khanhoo, the act of claiming a newly discarded card when it is not one's turn, permitted when one can use the card to form a meld other than a sequence.
wybój
A protuberance on a level surface.
guz
A swelling on the skin caused by illness or injury.
brzuch
The swollen abdomen of a pregnant woman.

bump in the road bumps in the road n
bajer

bumper /ˈbʌmpə(ɹ)/ bumpers n
zderzak
(automotive) Parts at the front and back of a vehicle which are meant to absorb the impact of a collision; fender.
Any mechanical device used to absorb an impact, soften a collision, or protect against impact.

bumper car bumper cars n
samochodziki na autodromie
A small electric-powered vehicle encircled with a rubber bumper, used in an amusement ride.

bumper crop bumper crops n
obfity plon
A large yield; an excess of something.

bun /bʌn/ buns n
bułka drożdżówka kołaczyk
A small bread roll that is sweetened or spiced.
kok
A tight roll of hair worn at the back of the head.

bunch /bʌntʃ/ /bʌnt͡ʃ/ /bʌnʃ/ bunches n
kiść grono bukiet pęk
A group of similar things, either growing together, or in a cluster or clump, usually fastened together.
paczka
An informal body of friends.
grono kiść
A protuberance; a hunch; a knob or lump; a hump.

bundle /ˈbʌnd(ə)l/ bundles n
pęk wiązka
A group of objects held together by wrapping or tying.
zawiniątko
A package wrapped or tied up for carrying.
kupa
(informal) A large amount, especially of money.
pęczek
(biology) A cluster of closely bound muscle or nerve fibres.
ryza austriacka
A quantity of paper equal to two reams (1000 sheets).

bung /ˈbʌŋ/ bungs n
szpunt
(obsolete, slang) A sharper or pickpocket.

bung-hole /ˈbʌŋˌhoʊl/ /ˈbʌŋˌhəʊl/ bung-holes n
otwór
A hole in a vessel, such as a cask, that may be stopped with a bung.

bungee /ˈbʌn.d͡ʒi/ bungees n
bungee
An elastic fabric-bound strap with a hook at each end, used for securing luggage.

bungee jumping n
bungee
The activity of jumping from a great height with an elasticated cord attached to the ankles.

bungee rope bungee ropes n
bungee
A long elastic cord tied around the ankles of the jumper in bungee jumping.

bungle /ˈbʌŋɡ(ə)l/ v
amatorstwo amatorszczyzna
(transitive) To incompetently perform (a task); to ruin (something) through incompetent action; to botch up, to bumble.

bunion /ˈbʌnjən/ bunions n
haluks paluch koślawy halluks
(pathology) A bump or bulge on the first joint of the big toe caused by the swelling of a sac of fluid under the skin.

bunk /bʌŋk/ bunks n
koja
(nautical) A built-in bed on board ship, often erected in tiers one above the other.

bunk bed bunk beds n
łóżko piętrowe
Two or more beds fixed on top of one another, so that one person can sleep in each bunk at a different height.

bunker /ˈbʌŋk.əː/ /ˈbʌŋk.ɚ/ bunkers n
bunkier schron
(military) A hardened shelter, often partly buried or fully underground, designed to protect the inhabitants from falling bombs or other attacks.

bunker buster bunker busters n
bomba penetrująca

bunny /ˈbʌni/ bunnies n
króliczek
(especially, used with children) A rabbit, especially a juvenile one.
A bunny girl: a nightclub waitress who wears a costume having rabbit ears and tail.

bunny girl bunny girls n
króliczek
(slang) A club hostess or other female entertainer wearing a sexually provocative outfit with rabbit-like ears and tail.

bunny slope bunny slopes n
ośla łączka
A ski area with a gentle slope, usually used for novice skiers or snowboarders

bunting /ˈbʌntɪŋ/ buntings n
trznadel
Any of various songbirds, mostly of the genus Emberiza, having short bills and brown or gray plumage.

buoy /ˈbu.i/ /ˈbwɔɪ/ /ˈbɔɪ/ buoys n
boja pława
(nautical) A float moored in water to mark a location, warn of danger, indicate a navigational channel or for other purposes

buoyancy /ˈbɔɪ.ən.si/ buoyancies n
siła wyporu
(physics) The upward force on a body immersed or partly immersed in a fluid.

bupleurum bupleurums n
przewiercień
Any of the genus Bupleurum of apiaceous plants.

bur-reed bur-reeds n
jeżogłówka
A group (genus Sparganium) of widespread flowering perennial marsh plants widespread in wet areas in temperate regions.

burble /ˈbɜː.bl̩/ /ˈbɝ.bl̩/ burbles n
bełkot
A bubbling, gurgling sound, as of a creek.
A gush of rapid speech.

burbot /ˈbɜ(ɹ).bət/ burbots n
miętus
A freshwater fish, taxonomic name Lota lota, which is similar to the ling and the cusk and spawns in the winter.

burden /ˈbɜːdn̩/ /ˈbɝdn̩/ burdens n
brzemię ciężar
A heavy load.
brzemię
A responsibility, onus.
ciężar brzemię
A cause of worry; that which is grievous, wearisome, or oppressive.

burden /ˈbɜːdn̩/ /ˈbɝdn̩/ v
obarczać obciążać
(transitive) To encumber with a literal or figurative burden.

burden of proof burdens of proof n
ciężar dowodu
(legal) The duty of a party in a legal proceeding to prove an assertion of fact; it includes both the burden of production and the burden of persuasion; the onus probandi.
(epistemology) The obligation of the person making a claim in a dispute to provide sufficient evidence for their position.

burdensome /ˈbəː.dən.səm/ /ˈbɝ.dən.səm/ more burdensome most burdensome adj
uciążliwy
Characteristic of a burden; arduous or demanding

burdock /ˈbɜːdɒk/ /ˈbɝːdɑːk/ burdocks n
łopian łopuch
Any of the species of biennial thistles in the genus Arctium.

bureau /ˈbjʊ.ɹoʊ/ /ˈbjʊ.ɹə/ /ˈbjʊ.ɹəʊ/ bureaus bureaux n
urząd
An administrative unit of government; office.
biuro biura
An office (room where clerical or professional duties are performed).
biurko biurka
(chiefly, British) A desk, usually with a cover and compartments that are located above the level of the writing surface rather than underneath, and often used for storing papers.

bureau de change /ˈbjʊəɹ.əʊ.dəˌʃɒ̃ʒ/ bureau de changes bureaus de change bureaux de change n
kantor kantor walutowy
(UK, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia) A place where foreign currency can be exchanged.

bureaucracy /bjʊəˈɹɒkɹəsi/ /bjʊˈɹɑːkɹəsi/ bureaucracies n
biurokracja
Government by bureaus or their administrators or officers.
The body of officers and administrators, especially of a government.
(chiefly, derogatory) Excessive red tape and routine in any administration, body or behaviour.
biurokracja biuralizm
(business, organizational theory) A system of administration based upon organisation into bureaus, division of labour, a hierarchy of authority, etc., designed to dispose of a large body of work in a routine manner.

bureaucrat /ˈbjʊəɹəkɹæt/ /ˈbjʊɹəkɹæt/ bureaucrats n
biurokrata
An official who is part of a bureaucracy.

bureaucratic more bureaucratic most bureaucratic adj
biurokratyczny biuralistyczny
Of or pertaining to bureaucracy or the actions of bureaucrats.

bureaucratically more bureaucratically most bureaucratically adv
biuralistycznie biurokratycznie
In a bureaucratic manner.

bureaucratization bureaucratizations n
biurokratyzacja biuromania

bureaucratize /bjʊəˈɹɒkɹətʌɪz/ v
biurokratyzować zbiurokratyzować
(transitive) To bring under the control of a bureaucracy; to make bureaucratic.

burek bureks n
burek
A type of baked or fried filled pastry of the former Ottoman Empire.

burette /bjʊəˈɹɛt/ /bjʊˈɹɛt/ burettes n
biureta
(chemistry) A glass tube with fine gradations and a stopcock at the bottom, used in laboratory procedures for accurate fluid dispensing and titration.

burgeon /ˈbɜː.d͡ʒən/ /ˈbɝː.d͡ʒən/ v
rozkwitać
(intransitive) To grow or expand.
pęcznieć
(intransitive) To swell to the point of bursting.
pączkować rozkwitać
(intransitive, archaic) Of plants, to bloom, bud.

burger /ˈbɜː(ɹ)ɡə(ɹ)/ /ˈbɝɡɚ/ burgers n
burger
(informal) A hamburger.

burgher /ˈbɜː(ɹ)ɡə(ɹ)/ burghers n
mieszczanin mieszczanka
A citizen of a borough or town, especially one belonging to the middle class.
burżuj
A prosperous member of the community; a middle class citizen (may connote complacency).

burglar /ˈbɜːɡlə(ɹ)/ /ˈbɝɡlɚ/ burglars n
włamywacz włamywaczka

burglary /ˈbɜː.ɡlə.ɹi/ /ˈbɝ.ɡlɚ.i/ burglaries n
kradzież z włamaniem
(law) Under the common law, breaking and entering of the dwelling of another at night with the intent to commit a felony.
The crime of unlawfully breaking into a vehicle, house, store, or other enclosure with the intent to steal.

burgomaster /ˈbɜɹɡəmæstɚ/ burgomasters n
burmistrz
The mayor, or head magistrate, of a town in the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany and certain other countries.

burgrave /ˈbɜɹɡɹeɪv/ /ˈbɜːɡɹeɪv/ burgraves n
burgrabia
(historical) The military governor of a town or castle in the Middle Ages, especially in German-speaking Europe; a nobleman of the same status.

burgundy /ˈbɜ.ɡən.di/ /ˈbɝ.ɡən.di/ more burgundy most burgundy adj
bordowy burgundowy
Of a deep purple red color like that of Burgundy wine.

burgundy /ˈbɜ.ɡən.di/ /ˈbɝ.ɡən.di/ burgundies n
bordo
(color) A dark red colour tinged with purple, like that of Burgundy (red) wine.

burial /ˈbɛɹiəl/ /ˈbɛɹɪəl/ /ˈbɝiəl/ burials n
pochówek pogrzeb
The act of burying; interment; placing remains into the earth

buried /ˈbɛ.ɹid/ more buried most buried adj
pogrzebany
Placed in a grave at a burial.

burin /ˈbjʊɚ.ɪn/ /ˈbɝ.ɪn/ burins n
rylec
A chisel with a sharp point, used for engraving; a graver.

burka burkas n
burka
A Central Asian garment that covers the whole body, which has a net screen covering the eyes so they cannot be seen, and is worn by women.

burlak burlaki burlaks n
burłak
(historical) Formerly in Russia, a man employed in dragging barges or ships upstream.

burlesque /bə(ɹ)ˈlɛsk/ burlesques n
burleska
A derisive art form that mocks by imitation; a parody.
A variety adult entertainment show, usually including titillation such as striptease, most common from the 1880s to the 1930s.

burly /ˈbɜːli/ burlier burliest adj
krzepki
(usually, of a man) Large, well-built, and muscular.

burn /bɜːn/ /bɝn/ burns n
oparzenie poparzenie
A physical injury caused by heat, cold, electricity, radiation or caustic chemicals.
palenie spalenie
The act of burning something with fire.

burn /bɜːn/ /bɝn/ v
palić płonąć palić się spalić
(transitive) To cause to be consumed by fire.
spalić palić
(transitive) To overheat so as to make unusable.
przypalić się spalić się
(intransitive) To become overheated to the point of being unusable.
pojazd wjazd
(transitive) To consume, damage, or change the condition of, as if by action of fire or heat; to affect as fire or heat does.
płonąć palić
(intransitive) To be hot, e.g. due to embarrassment.
palić płonąć oparzyć spalić się spalić przypalić się
(chemistry, transitive) To cause to combine with oxygen or other active agent, with evolution of heat; to consume; to oxidize.
wypalać nagrywać wypalić
(transitive, computing) To write data to a permanent storage medium like a compact disc or a ROM chip.
marnować stracić tracić zmarnować
(transitive) To waste (time); to waste money or other resources.

burn down v
spalać spalić
(transitive) To cause (a structure) to burn to nothing.
(intransitive, of a structure) To burn completely, so that nothing remains.

burn one's bridges v
palić za sobą mosty
(idiomatic) To destroy one's path, connections, reputation, opportunities, etc., particularly intentionally.

burn phone burn phones n
jednorazowy telefon telefon na kartę
(informal) A cell phone bought anonymously with cash, used for only a short time and then thrown away, usually used as a means of conducting illegal business or harassment without being traceable to the purchaser.

burn the candle at both ends v
pracować od świtu do nocy
(idiomatic) To work hard night and day; to sleep late and wake up early; to overwork or overexert oneself.

burn up v
popalić się
(intransitive) To catch fire and burn until destroyed.
popalić
(transitive) To destroy by burning.

burner /ˈbɜːnə/ /ˈbɝnɚ/ burners n
palnik
An element on a kitchen stove that generates localized heat for cooking.
nagrywarka
(computing) A device that allows data or music to be stored on a CDR or CD-ROM.

burnet /ˈbɚnət/ /ˈbɚnɪt/ /ˈbɜːnət/ /ˈbɜːnɪt/ burnets n
krwiściąg
Any of the herbs of genus Sanguisorba (syn. Poterium), including salad burnet (Sanguisorba minor), an herb used in salads and herbal teas.

burning bush burning bushes n
krzew gorejący
(Judaism, Christianity) A biblical object described in Exodus 3:1-22, used by Yahweh to communicate with Moses.

burnish /ˈbɜːnɪʃ/ /ˈbɝnɪʃ/ v
polerować wypolerować
To make (something, such as a surface) bright, shiny, and smooth by, or (by extension) as if by, rubbing; to polish, to shine.

burnisher burnishers n
froterka
A tool used to burnish, for making smooth and shiny by rubbing.

burnoose /bɜːˈnuːs/ /bɝˈnus/ burnooses n
burnus
A thick hooded cloak worn by Berbers and Arabs in Northwest Africa.

burnout /ˈbɜː(ɹ)naʊt/ burnouts n
wypalenie
A person who has the experience of long-term exhaustion and diminished interest.

burnt offering /-ˈɑfəɹɪŋ/ /bɜːnt ˈɒfəɹɪŋ/ /bɝnt ˈɔfəɹɪŋ/ burnt offerings n
całopalenie holocaust holokaust ofiara całopalna
(biblical) A slaughtered animal offered and burnt on an altar as an atonement for sin.

burp /bɜːp/ /bɝp/ burps n
beknięcie
(chiefly, _, US, Philippines) A belch.

burp /bɜːp/ /bɝp/ v
bekać beknąć
(intransitive) To emit a burp.

burqini burqinis n
burkini
A head-to-toe swimsuit, enabling women to conform to the Islamic dress code when bathing on a public beach.

burr /bɝ/ burrs n
grasejowanie reranie
A uvular "r" sound, or (by extension) an accent characterized by this sound.

burr /bɝ/ v
grasejować rerać
(transitive) To pronounce with a uvular "r".

burrata /bəˈɹɑtə/ /bʊˈɹɑːtə/ burratas n
burrata
A fresh southern Italian cheese similar to creamy mozzarella.

burrito /bəˈɹi.toʊ/ /bəˈɹiː.təʊ/ /bʊˈriːtəʊ/ burritos n
burito burrito
A Mexican dish consisting of a flour tortilla wrapped around a filling of meat and/or beans, cheese etc.

burrow /ˈbɜɹoʊ/ /ˈbʌɹoʊ/ /ˈbʌɹəʊ/ burrows n
nora jama tunel
A tunnel or hole, often as dug by a small creature.

burrow /ˈbɜɹoʊ/ /ˈbʌɹoʊ/ /ˈbʌɹəʊ/ v
kopać
(intransitive) to dig a tunnel or hole

bursa /ˈbɜːsə/ /ˈbɝsə/ bursae bursæ n
kaletka kaletka maziowa
(anatomy) Any of the many small fluid-filled sacs located at the point where a muscle or tendon slides across bone. These sacs serve to reduce friction between the two moving surfaces.

burst /bɜːst/ /bɝst/ v
pękać pęknąć rozsadzać
(transitive) To cause to break from internal pressure.

burst at the seams v
pękać w szwach

burst into tears v
rozpłakać się
(idiomatic) To suddenly start crying or sobbing.

burst out laughing v
pękać ze śmiechu
(idiomatic, intransitive) To start laughing suddenly and intensely.

bury /ˈbeəɹiː/ /ˈbeɹiː/ /ˈbɛɹ.i/ /ˈbɜː.ɹi/ /ˈbɝ.i/ /ˈbʊ.ɹi/ /ˈbʌ.ɹi/ v
chować grzebać pochować pogrzebać
(transitive) To ritualistically inter in a grave or tomb.
zakopywać zakopać
(transitive) To place in the ground.
(transitive, often, figurative) To hide or conceal as if by covering with earth or another substance.

bury one's head in the sand v
chować głowę w piasek
(idiomatic) To deliberately ignore the reality of a situation; to pretend a problem does not exist.

bury the hatchet v
zakopać topór wojenny
(US) To stop fighting or arguing; to reach an agreement, or at least a truce.

bus /bɐs/ /bɔs/ /bʊs/ /bʊz/ /bʌs/ buses busses n
autobus autokar
(automotive) A motor vehicle for transporting large numbers of people along roads; by extension, the driver of said vehicle
magistrala szyna
An electrical conductor or interface serving as a common connection for two or more circuits or components.

bus lane bus lanes n
buspas
A traffic lane designated for the use of buses.

bus station bus stations n
dworzec autobusowy
A major bus stop, one that serves as a transfer point between a large number of routes.

bus stop bus stops n
przystanek autobusowy przystanek
A place where public transport buses stop to allow passengers to board or leave.

busbar busbars n
szyna prądowa szynoprzewód
An electrical conductor that carries a large current, especially one that is part of a power distribution system; typically a thick strip, or a tube, of copper or aluminium.

bush /bʊʃ/ bushes n
krzew krzak
(horticulture) A woody plant distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and lower height, being usually less than six metres tall; a horticultural rather than strictly botanical category.

bush dog bush dogs n
pakożer leśny pies leśny
A wild canine animal (Speothos venaticus), found in Central and South America.

bush hammer bush hammers n
groszkownik
A square-headed hammer with spikes used in stoneworking to either even the surface before polishing, or give it a pockmarked and weathered aspect.

bushbird bushbirds n
łódkodziób
Any of the tropical birds in the genera Neoctantes or Clytoctantes, found in South America.

bushido /buˈʃi.doʊ/ n
bushido
An ethical code of the samurai that was prevalent in feudal Japan that advocated unquestioning loyalty to the master at all costs and obedience in all deeds, valuing honor above life.

business /ˈbɪd.nəs/ /ˈbɪd.nəz/ /ˈbɪz.nəs/ /ˈbɪz.nəz/ /ˈbɪz.nɪs/ /ˈbɪz.nɪz/ businesses n
interes firma przedsiębiorstwo biznes
(countable) A specific commercial enterprise or establishment.
zajęcie zawód
(countable) A person's occupation, work, or trade.
biznes
(uncountable) Commercial, industrial, or professional activity.
(travel, uncountable) Business class, the class of seating provided by airlines between first class and coach.
sprawa
(countable) A particular situation or activity.
sprawa interes
(uncountable) Something involving one personally.

business analyst business analysts n
analityk biznesowy
(business, operations) A person who analyzes the operations of an organization in order to develop a solution to its problems.

business before pleasure proverb
służba nie drużba
Discharging one's obligations must take precedence over devoting time to pursuits meant solely for one's own gratification.

business card business cards n
wizytówka karta wizytowa bilet wizytowy
A small card with a person's name and professional information (such as occupation, business phone number, e-mail address, etc.).

business class n
klasa biznes
A high-quality class of travelling (especially in airlines), higher than economy class or budget, lower than first class.

business continuity planning n
planowanie ciągłości działania

business intelligence n
analityka biznesowa
A set of techniques and tools for the acquisition and transformation of raw data into meaningful and useful information for business analysis purposes.

business model business models n
model biznesowy
The particular way in which a business ensures that it generates income, one that includes the choice of offerings, strategies, infrastructure, organizational structures, trading practices, and operational processes and policies.

business park business parks n
park biznesu
An area of land consisting solely of commercial buildings and enterprises, as opposed to industrial or residential concerns.

business partner business partners n
partner biznesowy
A partner in a business context (as opposed to a partner in the sense of a personal relationship).

business plan business plans n
biznesplan
(business) A summary of how a business owner, manager, or entrepreneur intends to organize an entrepreneurial endeavor and implement activities necessary and sufficient for the venture to succeed.

business trip business trips n
delegacja
Travel for business purposes, often paid for at least partially by the employer.

businesslike more businesslike most businesslike adj
biznesowy
Methodical and efficient, in a way that would be advantageous to a business or businessperson.

businessman /ˈbɪznəsmæn/ /ˈbɪznəsmən/ /ˈbɪznɪsmən/ businessmen n
przedsiębiorca biznesmen człowiek interesów
A man in business, one who works at a commercial institution.

businesswoman businesswomen n
biznesmenka bizneswoman bizneswomen businesswoman
A woman involved in business.

buskin /ˈbʌskɪn/ buskins n
koturn

bust /ˈbʌst/ busts n
nalot
(slang) The act of arresting someone for a crime, or raiding a suspected criminal operation.
popiersie biust
A sculptural portrayal of a person's head and shoulders.
biust popiersie
The breasts and upper thorax of a woman.
fiasko klapa
(slang) A failed enterprise; a bomb.

bustard /ˈbʌs.təd/ /ˈbʌs.tɚd/ bustards n
drop
Any of several large terrestrial birds of the family Otididae that inhabit dry open country and steppes in the Old World.

busted /ˈbʌstəd/ more busted most busted adj
spłukany
(slang) Broke; having no money.
przyłapany
(slang) Caught in the act of doing something one shouldn't do.

bustle /ˈbʌsəl/ bustles n
bieganina
(countable, uncountable) An excited activity; a stir.

busty /ˈbʌsti/ bustier bustiest adj
biuściasty cycaty piersiasty
Having large breasts.

busy /ˈbɪzi/ busier busiest adj
zajęty
Crowded with business or activities; having a great deal going on.
Engaged in activity or by someone else.
skomplikowany
Having a lot going on; complicated or intricate.

busy as a bee /ˈbɪziæzəˈbiː/ adj
pracowity jak mrówka
(simile, idiom) Very active; working constantly.

but /bət/ /bʊt/ /bʌt/ [bɐt] conjunction
ale chociaż
However, although, nevertheless, on the other hand (introducing a clause contrary to prior belief or in contrast with the preceding clause or sentence).
(obsolete) Except with; unless with; without.
oprócz z wyjątkiem
Except that (introducing a subordinate clause which qualifies a negative statement); also, with omission of the subject of the subordinate clause, acting as a negative relative, "except one that", "except such that".

butane /ˈbjuːteɪn/ butanes n
butan
(organic compound) A hydrocarbon (either of the two isomers of C4H10 n-butane, and 2-methyl-propane) found in gaseous petroleum fractions.

butch /bʊt͡ʃ/ butcher butchest more butch most butch adj
twardziel
(slang, originally, _, Polari) Very masculine, with a masculine appearance or attitude.

butch /bʊt͡ʃ/ butches n
baba-chłop babochłop chłopczyca chłopobaba herod-baba kobieton
(slang, LGBT, countable) A lesbian who appears masculine or acts in a masculine manner.

butcher /ˈbʊt͡ʃ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈbʊt͡ʃ.ɚ/ butchers n
rzeźnik rzeźniczka masarka masarz
A person who prepares and sells meat (and sometimes also slaughters the animals).
rzeźnik kat
(figurative) A brutal or indiscriminate killer.

butcher /ˈbʊt͡ʃ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈbʊt͡ʃ.ɚ/ v
masakrować
(transitive) To kill brutally.
rujnować
(transitive) To ruin (something), often to the point of defamation.

butcher's /ˈbʊtʃə(ɹ)z/ n
masarnia sklep mięsny
(UK) A butcher’s shop

butcher's broom n
iglica myszopłoch ruszczyk
Any plant of the genus Ruscus, especially Ruscus aculeatus.

butene butenes n
buten
(chemistry) Any of several forms of butylene.

butler /ˈbʌt.lə(ɹ)/ /ˈbʌt.lɚ/ butlers n
kamerdyner
The chief male servant of a household who has charge of other employees, receives guests, directs the serving of meals, and performs various personal services.

butt /bʊt/ /bʌt/ butts n
dupa tyłek zadek
(slang) The whole buttocks and pelvic region that includes one's private parts.
kolba
(countable) The larger or thicker end of something; the blunt end, in distinction from the sharp or narrow end
skóra
(slang, metonymic) Body; self.
niedopałek pet
(US) A crust end-piece of a loaf of bread.
(usually as "butt of (a) joke") A person at whom ridicule, jest, or contempt is directed.

butt plug /ˈbʌtplʌɡ/ butt plugs n
korek analny zatyczka analna
(slang, vulgar) A sex toy designed for insertion into the anus and rectum.

butt-fucking adj
jebanie w dupę pierdolenie w dupę ruchanie w dupę rżnięcie w dupę
(North America, slang, vulgar) Engaging in anal sex

butt-ugly more butt-ugly most butt-ugly adj
brzydki jak noc
(North America, slang, pejorative) Extremely ugly.

butter /ˈbatə/ /ˈbʊtə/ /ˈbʌtə/ /ˈbʌtəɹ/ /ˈbʌtɚ/ [ˈbaɾa] [ˈbɐtʰə] [ˈbʌɾɚ] [ˈbʌʔɚ] butters n
masło
A soft, fatty foodstuff made by churning the cream of milk (generally cow's milk).
Any of various foodstuffs made from other foods or oils, similar in consistency to, eaten like or intended as a substitute for butter (preceded by the name of the food used to make it).

butter /ˈbatə/ /ˈbʊtə/ /ˈbʌtə/ /ˈbʌtəɹ/ /ˈbʌtɚ/ [ˈbaɾa] [ˈbɐtʰə] [ˈbʌɾɚ] [ˈbʌʔɚ] v
smarować masłem
(transitive) To spread butter on.
(skiing, snowboarding) To move one's weight backwards or forwards onto the tips or tails of one's skis or snowboard so only the tip or tail is in contact with the snow. Similar to applying butter to bread with then end of a butterknife.

butter dish butter dishes n
maselniczka
A specialised dish for serving butter. It typically has a base with a separate fitting lid with its own handle.

butter knife butter knives n
nóż do masła
A non-serrated or unilaterally serrated table knife with a dull edge and rounded point, designed for spreading butter on a piece of bread without tearing it.

butter pear butter pears n
bera
A juicy, delicate-textured French variety of pear.

butter up v
podbijać bębenka podbić bębenka słodzić
(transitive, figuratively, informal) To flatter, especially with the intent of personal gain.

butterbur butterburs n
lepiężnik
Any of several Eurasian herbs, of the genus Petasites, having dense clusters of often purple flowers.

buttercup /ˈbʌt.ə.kʌp/ /ˈbʌt.ɚ.kʌp/ buttercups n
jaskier
Any of many herbs, of the genus Ranunculus, having yellow flowers; the crowfoot.

butterface /ˈbʌtəˌfeɪs/ /ˈbʌɾɚˌfeɪs/ butterfaces n
krzywy ryj
(slang, pejorative) An individual who has an attractive body but a less attractive face.

butterfly /ˈbʌtə(ɹ)flaɪ/ [ˈbʌtəflaɪ] [ˈbʌɾɚflaɪ] butterflies n
motyl
A flying insect of the order Lepidoptera, distinguished from moths by their diurnal activity and generally brighter colouring. [from 11th c.]

butterfly effect butterfly effects n
efekt motyla
The technical notion of sensitive dependence on initial conditions in chaos theory.

butterfly knife butterfly knives n
nóż motylkowy
A folding pocket knife with two handles counter-rotating around the tang such that, when closed, the blade is concealed within grooves in the handles.

butterfly stroke butterfly strokes n
delfin motyl motylek styl motylkowy delfinek
A swimming stroke in which the body is prone, the arms are moved in simultaneous circles, and the feet are kicked up and down.

buttermilk /ˈbʌtəˌmɪlk/ /ˈbʌtɚˌmɪlk/ buttermilks n
maślanka
The liquid left over after producing butter from full cream milk by the churning process, also called traditional buttermilk.

butternut butternuts n
orzech szary
A North American walnut tree, Juglans cinerea.

butternut squash butternut squashes n
dynia piżmowa
A vase-shaped orange-fleshed hard winter squash, a cultivar of Cucurbita moschata.

butterscotch /ˈbʌtəˌskɒtʃ/ /ˈbʌtɚˌskɑt͡ʃ/ butterscotches n
karmelek
A hard candy made from butter, brown sugar, syrup and vanilla.

butterwort butterworts n
tłustosz
Any plant of the insectivorous genus Pinguicula.

buttery /ˈbʌtəɹi/ butterier butteriest adj
maślany
Made with or tasting of butter.

butthurt /ˈbʌtˌhɜːt/ /ˈbʌtˌhɝt/ n
ból dupy
(Internet slang) A feeling of offense caused by a perceived insult or injustice.

buttock /ˈbʌtək/ [ˈbɐtək] [ˈbəɾək] buttocks n
pośladek
(usually, in the plural) Each of the two large fleshy halves of the posterior part of the body between the base of the back, the perineum and the top of the legs.

button /ˈbʌ.tən/ /ˈbʌt.n̩/ /ˈbʌʔ.n̩/ [ˈbʌʔ.tən] [ˈbʌʔ.tⁿn̩] buttons n
guzik
A knob or disc that is passed through a loop or (buttonhole), serving as a fastener. [from mid-13th c.]
(botany) A bud.
guzik przycisk
A mechanical device meant to be pressed with a finger in order to open or close an electric circuit or to activate a mechanism.
przycisk guzik
(graphical user interface) An on-screen control that can be selected as an activator of an attached function.

button /ˈbʌ.tən/ /ˈbʌt.n̩/ /ˈbʌʔ.n̩/ [ˈbʌʔ.tən] [ˈbʌʔ.tⁿn̩] v
zapinać
(transitive) To fasten with a button. [from late 14th c.]
(intransitive) To be fastened by a button or buttons.

buttonhole buttonholes n
dziurka od guzika
A hole through which a button is pushed to secure a garment or some part of one.
(attributive) So shaped that it can be worn on a buttonhole or it is similar to a buttonhole.
dziurka od guzika butonierka
(chiefly, British) A flower worn in a buttonhole for decoration.

buttonhook buttonhooks n
haczyk
(sewing) A hook used to pull thread through the holes of a button.

buttress /ˈbʌtɹəs/ /ˈbʌtɹɪs/ buttresses n
przypora
(architecture) A brick or stone structure built against another structure to support it.
podpora
(by extension) Anything that serves to support something; a prop.

butyrate butyrates n
maślan
(organic compound) Any salt or ester of butyric acid.

butyric acid butyric acids n
kwas masłowy
(organic compound) Either of the two isomeric carboxylic acids, normal butyric acid and isobutyric acid, with the chemical formula C3H7COOH, occurring in animal milk fat.

buy /baɪ/ v
kupować kupić nabywać nabyć
(transitive, archaic) To suffer consequences for (something) through being deprived of something; to pay for (something one has done).

buy back v
odkupić odkupywać
to purchase something already sold, misplaced, destroyed or given away

buy cheap, buy twice proverb
chytry dwa razy traci
Buying a cheap but inferior product is a false economy since it will need replacement.

buy time v
grać na zwłokę
(idiomatic) To purposefully cause a delay, in order to achieve something else.

buyback buybacks n
wykup
The repurchase of something previously sold, especially of stock by the company that issued it.

buyer /ˈbaɪ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈbaɪ.ɚ/ buyers n
kupiec nabywca kupcowa kupująca kupujący nabywczyni
A person who makes one or more purchases.

buyer's market buyer's markets buyers' markets n
rynek nabywcy
(business) An excess of supply over demand, leading to abnormally low prices.

buyer's remorse n
wyrzuty sumienia po zakupie
A feeling of anxiety or regret after making, or after promising to make, a purchase, especially a purchase encouraged by a high-pressure sales pitch.

buzz /bʌz/ buzzes n
bzyczenie gwar wrzawa
A continuous humming noise, as of bees; a confused murmur, as of general conversation in low tones.
faza
(informal) A rush or feeling of energy or excitement; a feeling of slight intoxication.

buzz /bʌz/ v
bzykać bzyczeć bzyknąć bąkać bąknąć
(intransitive) To make a low, continuous, humming or sibilant sound, like that made by bees with their wings.

buzzard /ˈbʌzəɹd/ buzzards n
myszołów
Any of several Old World birds of prey of the genus Buteo with broad wings and a broad tail.
piernik zgred
(colloquial, derogatory, slang, often preceded by "old", the "old buzzard") In North America, a curmudgeonly or cantankerous man; an old person; a mean, greedy person.

buzzer /ˈbʌzə/ /ˈbʌzɚ/ buzzers n
brzęczyk
A device that makes a buzzing sound.

buzzword /ˈbʌzwɜː(ɹ)d/ buzzwords n
buzzword
(pejorative) A word drawn from, or imitative of, technical jargon, used more to impress others than to convey meaning.

by /baɪ/ preposition
przy obok
Near or next to.
przez na do
Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval).
przez na
Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of.
według
Indicates a means of classification or organisation.
o
Indicates the amount of change, difference or discrepancy
po za
In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another.
na
(with, the) Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)
Used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something.

by a hair's breadth
o włos
(idiom) By a narrow margin.

by all accounts
podobno ponoć rzekomo
(idiomatic) According to everything that people have said.

by all means
jak najbardziej zdecydowanie ze wszech miar
Emphatically yes; certainly; definitely.

by and large adv
ogólnie rzecz biorąc w większości
(set phrase, focus) Mostly, generally; with few exceptions.

by chance
przypadkowo przypadkiem
Unexpectedly, accidentally; without foreplanning.

by day
za dnia
During the day.

by definition
z definicji z założenia

by far
zdecydowanie
(idiomatic) To a considerably large extent, easily.

by hand
ręcznie

by heart /baɪ ˈhɑɹt/ /baɪ ˈhɑːt/
na pamięć
(idiomatic) From unaided memory and in full detail.

by hook or by crook
nie przebierając w środkach
(idiomatic) By any means possible; one way or another.

by means of preposition
przy pomocy przy użyciu za pomocą
By using (an object or an approach).

by night
nocą po nocach po nocy
During the night.

by no means
bynajmniej
(idiomatic) certainly not; definitely not; not by any means.

by now
do tej pory już teraz

by oneself
sam sam z siebie samo-
Alone; without assistance or help from others.
sam
Alone, without another's immediate company.

by return of post
pocztą zwrotną

by right /baɪ ˈɹaɪt/
zgodnie z prawem
According to what is right, or what one is legally or morally entitled to; justly, properly, rightfully.

by the Grace of God
z Bożej łaski
(idiomatic) By divine will.

by the book
zgodnie z przepisami
(idiom) In a manner which adheres strictly to rules, legal requirements, or official procedures.

by the strong hand
silną ręką

by the time conjunction
do czasu
When (some future event has come to pass).

by the way
nawiasem mówiąc przy okazji à propos na marginesie swoją drogą tak w ogóle
(conjunctive, idiomatic) Incidentally; used in referencing a parenthetical statement not timely, central, or crucial to the topic at hand; foregone, passed by, something that has already happened.

by their fruits you will know them phraseologicalUnit
poznacie ich po ich owocach

by virtue of /-tjuː-/ /baɪ ˈvɜːtʃuː ɒv/ /baɪ ˈvɝtʃu ʌv/ preposition
z racji
(idiomatic) (originally) By the authority or power of; (now) because of; on the grounds of; by reason of.

by way of phraseologicalUnit
drogą
By the route of.
(UK, often followed by being) Possessing the characteristics, nature, or standing of; in the state or condition of.
drogą w ramach
For the purpose of; as a means of; as an instance of; as a type or form of.

by what right adv
jakim prawem

by-election by-elections n
wybory uzupełniające
An election held to fill a political office that has become vacant between general elections.

bye-bye /baɪˈbaɪ/ /bəˈbaɪ/ /ˈbaɪbaɪ/ bye-byes n
pa pa
(colloquial, often, childish) A goodbye.

byform byforms n
poboczna forma
A tangential, subordinate, or secondary form.

bylaw /ˈbaɪ.lɑ/ /ˈbaɪ.lɔ/ /ˈbaɪ.lɔː/ bylaws n
prawo miejscowe
A local custom or law of a settlement or district.
rozporządzenie władz lokalnych
A rule made by a local authority to regulate its own affairs.
statut
A law or rule governing the internal affairs of an organization (e.g., corporation or business).

bylina /bəˈliːnə/ bylinas bylini byliny n
bylina
A traditional East Slavic oral epic narrative poem.

bypass /ˈbaɪpæs/ /ˈbaɪpɑːs/ bypasses n
obwodnica
A road that passes around something, such as a residential area or business district.
bajpas
(medicine) An alternative passage created to divert a bodily fluid around a damaged organ; the surgical procedure to construct such a bypass.

byproduct byproducts n
produkt uboczny
secondary or additional product

byssaceous more byssaceous most byssaceous adj
bisiorowy

byssine /bɪˈsiːn/ more byssine most byssine adj
bisiorowy

byssus /ˈbɪsəs/ byssi byssuses n
bisior
The long fine silky filaments excreted by several mollusks (particularly Pinna nobilis) by which they attach themselves to the sea bed, and from which sea silk is manufactured.
Sea silk manufactured from these filaments.
(mycology) The stipe or stem of some fungi which are particularly thin and thread-like.

bystander /ˈbaɪˌstænd.ə(ɹ)/ bystanders n
naoczny świadek
A person who, although present at some event, does not take part in it; an observer, witness, or spectator.

byte /baɪt/ bytes n
bajt
(computing) A short sequence of bits (binary digits) that can be operated on as a unit by a computer; the smallest usable machine word.
(computing, most commonly) A unit of computing storage equal to eight bits, which can represent any of 256 distinct values.

bzz interjection
bzyk bzz
The buzzing sound of a bee, wasp, etc.

béchamel sauce béchamel sauces n
beszamel biały sos
A simple white sauce made from a roux of butter and flour to which is added hot milk.

bête noire /beɪtˈnwɑː/ /bɛt ˈnwɑɹ/ bêtes noires n
czarny lud
An anathema; someone or something which is particularly disliked or avoided; an object of aversion, the bane of one’s existence.

ca. preposition
ca ok.
abbreviation of circa

cab /kæb/ cabs n
kabina maszynisty
Compartment at the front of a truck or train for the driver.

cabana /kəˈbænə/ /kəˈbɑːnə/ cabanas n
cabana kabina plażowa
(North American) A shelter on a beach or at a swimming pool.

cabanossi n
kabanos

cabaret /kæbəˈreɪ/ cabarets n
kabaret
Live entertainment held in a restaurant or nightclub; the genre of music associated with this form of entertainment, especially in early 20th century Europe.

cabbage /ˈkæbɪd͡ʒ/ cabbages n
kapusta
(uncountable) The leaves of this plant eaten as a vegetable.
warzywo
(countable, offensive) A person with severely reduced mental capacities due to brain damage.
kapusta sałata
(uncountable, slang) Money.

cabbage roll cabbage rolls n
gołąbek gołąbki
(food) A dish consisting of cooked cabbage leaves wrapped around a variety of fillings.

cabbage white cabbage whites n
bielinek kapustnik kapustnik
(entomology) Any of various largely white butterflies with dark markings in the family Pieridae, especially the species Pieris brassicae, Pieris canidia, and Pieris rapae.

cabin /ˈkæbɪn/ cabins n
chata
(US) A small dwelling characteristic of the frontier, especially when built from logs with simple tools and not constructed by professional builders, but by those who meant to live in it.
kabina kajuta
A private room on a ship.
kabina
The passenger area of an airplane.
(travel, aviation) The section of a passenger plane having the same class of service.
(Indian English) A private office; particularly of a doctor, businessman, lawyer, or other professional.

cabin boy cabin boys n
chłopiec okrętowy
(dated) A boy or young man who is employed to serve as an attendant for passengers or crew members on a ship.

cabinet /ˈkæb.nət/ /ˈkæb.nɪt/ /ˈkæb.ə.nət/ /ˈkæb.ɪ.nɪt/ cabinets n
kabinet
A storage closet either separate from, or built into, a wall.
gabinet rada ministrów rząd
(politics, often, capitalized) In parliamentary and some other systems of government, the group of ministers responsible for creating government policy and for overseeing the departments comprising the executive branch.

cabinetmaker cabinetmakers n
stolarz
A skilled woodworker who makes high-quality wooden cabinets and furniture.

cable /ˈkeɪ.bəl/ cables n
kabel przewód
An assembly of two or more wires, used for electrical power or data circuits; one or more and/or the whole may be insulated.
A strong, large-diameter wire or rope, or something resembling such a rope.
lina
(nautical) A strong rope or chain used to moor or anchor a ship.
depesza telegram
A telegram, notably when sent by (submarine) telegraph cable.

cable /ˈkeɪ.bəl/ v
okablować okablowywać
(transitive) To provide with cable(s)
kablować
(transitive) To send a telegram, news, etc., by cable

cable car cable cars n
kolejka linowa kolej linowa
A hanging carriage or car for transporting people or cargo

cable internet n
internet kablowy
Internet connectivity received through coaxial cables, usually via the same medium as cable television.

cable modem cable modems n
modem kablowy
(Internet) A modem that provides data communication via radio frequency channels over any of a variety of cable types to establish a cable internet connection.

cable television n
kablówka telewizja kablowa
Television received through coaxial cables; specifically, a TV service that provides reception to suburbs or other residential areas through utility lines and offering a wide variety of TV channels through satellite reception.

cable theory n
teoria kabli

cable tie cable ties n
opaska zaciskowa trytka trytytka
A type of fastener, especially for binding several electronic cables or wires together.

cable-stayed bridge cable-stayed bridges n
most wantowy
A bridge where the deck is supported by cables attached directly to pillars

cacao /kəˈkaʊ̯/ /kəˈkeɪ̯oʊ̯/ /kəˈkeɪ̯əʊ̯/ /kəˈkɑːəʊ̯/ [kəˈkʰaʊ̯] [kəˈkʰeɪ̯oʊ̯] [kəˈkʰeɪ̯əʊ̯] [kəˈkʰɑːəʊ̯] cacaos n
kakaowiec
A tree, Theobroma cacao, whose seed is used to make chocolate.
kakao
This tree's seed, the cocoa bean.

cache /keɪʃ/ /kæɪʃ/ /kæʃ/ /kæˈʃeɪ/ /ˈkæʃ.eɪ/ caches n
pamięć podręczna bufor schowek cache
(computing) A fast temporary storage where recently or frequently used information is stored to avoid having to reload it from a slower storage medium.

cachexia /kəˈkɛksiə/ /kəˈkɛksɪə/ cachexiae cachexias n
charłactwo kacheksja wyniszczenie
(pathology) A systemic wasting of muscle tissue, with or without loss of fat mass, that accompanies a chronic disease. [from mid 16th c.]

caciocavallo /ˌkɑːtʃəʊkəˈvɑːləʊ/ caciocavallos n
kaszkawał

cacique caciques n
kacyk
(historical) A tribal chief in the Spanish West Indies.
(ornithology) Any of a number of tropical blackbirds from Central America and South America, family Icteridae.

cackle /ˈkækəl/ cackles n
gdakanie
The cry of a hen or goose, especially when laying an egg.

cackle /ˈkækəl/ v
gdakać
(intransitive) To make a sharp, broken noise or cry, as a hen or goose does.

cackling goose cackling geese n
bernikla północna
Branta hutchinsii, a North American bird of the genus Branta of black geese, which contains species with largely black plumage, distinguishing them from the grey Anser species.

cacoethes /ˌkakəʊˈiːθiːz/ cacoethe n
fiksacja
Compulsion; mania.

cacography /kaˈkɒɡɹəfi/ cacographies n
kakografia

cacophony /kəˈkɑfəni/ /kəˈkɒfəni/ cacophonies n
kakofonia
A mix of discordant sounds; dissonance.

cactus /ˈkæktəs/ /ˈkæktʌs/ cacti cactus cactuses cactusses n
kaktus
(botany) Any member of the family Cactaceae, a family of flowering New World succulent plants suited to a hot, semi-desert climate.

cad /kæd/ cads n
łajdak
A low-bred, presuming person; a mean, vulgar fellow, especially one that cannot be trusted with a lady.
konduktor
(archaic) A person who stands at the door of an omnibus to open and shut it, and to receive fares; a bus conductor.

cadaver /kəˈdeɪ.və(ɹ)/ /kəˈdæv.ə(ɹ)/ /kəˈdævɚ/ /kəˈdɑːv.ə(ɹ)/ cadavera cadavers n
zwłoki
A dead body; especially the corpse of a human to be dissected.

cadaverine /kəˈdævəɹɪn/ cadaverines n
kadaweryna
A foul-smelling diamine produced by protein hydrolysis during putrefaction of animal tissue. Cadaverine is a toxic diamine with the formula NH2(CH2)5NH2.

caddie /ˈkædi/ /ˈkɑdi/ [-ɾi] caddies n
caddie caddy
(by extension, golf, also, attributively) A person hired to assist a golfer by carrying their golf clubs and providing advice.

caddis fly caddis flies n
chruścik
Any insect, of the order Trichoptera, having two pairs of hairy wings; they are found near lakes and streams.

cadence /ˈkeɪ.dn̩s/ cadences n
kadencja
(music) A progression of at least two chords which conclude a piece of music, section or musical phrases within it. Sometimes referred to analogously as musical punctuation.

cadet /kəˈdɛt/ cadets n
kadet
A student at a military school who is training to be an officer.

cadge /kæd͡ʒ/ v
wycyganiać wycyganić wykusić wyłudzać wyłudzić
(US, British, slang) To obtain something by wit or guile; to convince people to do something they might not normally do.

cadmium /ˈkædmiəm/ cadmiums n
kadm
A chemical element (symbol Cd) with an atomic number of 48: a soft, silvery-white metal.

cadre /ˈkæd.ɹeɪ/ /ˈkæd.ɹi/ /ˈkɑ.dɚ/ /ˈkɑ.dɹeɪ/ /ˈkɑ.dɹi/ /ˈkɑ.dɹə/ /ˈkɑː.də/ /ˈkɑː.dɹə/ cadres n
kadra
(military) The framework or skeleton upon which a new regiment is to be formed; the officers of a regiment forming the staff.

caduceus /kəˈdjuː.si.əs/ /kəˈdu.si.əs/ caducei n
kaduceusz kerykejon
A symbol (☤) representing a staff with two snakes wrapped around it, used to indicate merchants and messengers. It is also sometimes incorrectly substituted for the rod of Asclepius as a symbol of medicine.

caesaropapism /ˌsiːzəɹoʊˈpeɪpɪz(ə)m/ /ˌsiːzəɹəʊˈpeɪpɪzm̩/ caesaropapisms n
cezaropapizm
(government, religion) The combination of state (originally imperial) power with religious authority; state authority over ecclesiastical matters.

caesium /ˈsiːzi.əm/ n
cez
The chemical element (symbol Cs) with an atomic number of 55. It is a soft, gold-colored, highly reactive alkali metal.

caesura /sɪˈzjʊəɹə/ /sɪˈʒʊɹə/ caesurae caesuras n
cezura średniówka
A pause or interruption in a poem, music, building, or other work of art.
cezura
(Classical prosody) Using two words to divide a metrical foot.

caesuraless adj
bezśredniówkowy

cafeteria /ˌkafəˈtɪəɹi.ə/ /ˌkæfəˈtɪ(ə)ɹi.ə/ cafeterias n
kafeteria stołówka
(chiefly, US, Canada) A restaurant in which customers select their food at a counter then carry it on a tray to a table to eat.
stołówka
(chiefly, US, Canada) A dining area in an institution where meals may be purchased (as above), provided, or brought in from elsewhere.

caffeine /kæˈfiːn/ /ˈkæfiːn/ caffeines n
kofeina
An alkaloid, C8H10N4O2, found naturally in tea and coffee plants which acts as a mild stimulant on the central nervous system. [from 1830]

caffeine-free adj
bezkofeinowy
free of or containing no caffeine.

café /ˈkæfeɪ/ /ˌkæˈfeɪ/ cafés n
kawiarnia
A coffee shop; an establishment selling coffee and sometimes other non-alcoholic beverages, simple meals or snacks, with a facility to consume them on the premises.

café au lait /kæˌfeɪ əʊ ˈleɪ/ /ˌkæfeɪ əʊ ˈleɪ/ café au laits cafés au lait n
café au lait biała kawa
A mixture of coffee and hot milk.
Coffee and hot milk served in separate jugs as a breakfast drink.

cage /keɪd͡ʒ/ cages n
klatka
An enclosure made of bars, normally to hold animals.

cagoule /kəˈɡuːl/ cagoules n
kangurka
(British) A lightweight waterproof parka.

caiman /ˈkeɪ.mən/ caimans n
kajman
(narrowly) Any of the relatively small crocodilians of the genus Caiman, within the family Alligatoridae.

cajole /kəˈdʒəʊl/ /kəˈd͡ʒoʊl/ v
naciągać naciągnąć
(ambitransitive) To persuade someone to do something which they are reluctant to do, especially by flattery or promises; to coax.

cake /keɪk/ [ˈk̟ʰeɪ̯k̚] cakes n
ciasto tort ciastko ciasteczko
A rich, sweet dessert food, typically made of flour, sugar, and eggs and baked in an oven, and often covered in icing.

cake shop /ˈkeɪk ʃɑp/ /ˈkeɪk ʃɒp/ cake shops n
ciastkarnia cukiernia
A shop where cakes can be bought.

cake tin cake tins n
tortownica
The tin in which a cake is baked.

cakewalk /ˈkeɪk.wɔk/ cakewalks n
betka
(idiomatic) Something that is easy or simple, or that does not present a great challenge.

calabash /ˈkaləbaʃ/ /ˈkæləˌbæʃ/ calabashes n
tykwa
The bottle gourd (calabash vine, Lagenaria siceraria), believed to have originated in Africa, which is grown for its fruit that are used as a vegetable and to make containers (sense 3); the fruit of this plant.
A container made from the mature, dried shell of the fruit of one of the above plants; also, a similarly shaped container made from some other material.

calabur tree calabur trees n
rozcięg
A tree (Muntingia calabura) native to the New World tropics, now widely cultivated, with ornamental, economic, and environmental uses.

calamari /kæləˈmɑːɹi/ calamaris n
kalmar kałamarnica
squid as food, especially cooked in the form of calamari rings

calamint calamints n
kalaminta
Any species of aromatic garden herb of the genus Calamintha, now often included in Clinopodium.

calamity /kəˈlæmɪti/ calamities n
katastrofa nieszczęście
An event resulting in great loss.

calamondin /ˌkæləˈmɒndɪn/ calamondins n
kalamondyna
The fruit of this tree.

calandra lark calandra larks n
calhandra-real kalandra szara
Any bird in the genus Melanocorypha, but especially in the species Melanocorypha calandra of the Mediterranean region and central Asia.

calcareous /kælˈkɛəɹiəs/ more calcareous most calcareous adj
wapienny
Resembling or containing calcium carbonate or limestone; chalky.

calcicole calcicoles n
acydofob kalcyfit

calcine /-sɪn/ /kælˈsaɪn/ /ˈkælsaɪn/ /ˈkælˌsaɪn/ v
prażyć uprażyć
(chemistry) To heat (a substance) without melting in order to drive off water, etc., and to oxidize or reduce it; specifically, to decompose (carbonates) into oxides, and, especially, to heat (limestone) to form quicklime.

calcite /ˈkælˌsaɪt/ calcites n
kalcyt
(mineral) a very widely distributed crystalline form of calcium carbonate, CaCO3, found as limestone, chalk and marble

calcium /ˈkæl.ʃəm/ /ˈkælsi.əm/ calciums n
wapń
The chemical element (Symbol Ca), with an atomic number 20. It is a soft, silvery-white alkaline earth metal which occurs naturally as carbonate in limestone and as silicate in many rocks.

calcium carbonate n
węglan wapnia
(inorganic compound) A colourless or white inorganic compound, CaCO3, occurring as chalk, limestone, marble etc; reacts with acids to liberate carbon dioxide.

calcium chloride n
chlorek wapnia
(inorganic compound) The calcium salt of hydrochloric acid, CaCl2; used as a drying agent and to melt ice on roads.

calculate /ˈkælkjəleɪt/ /ˈkælkjʊleɪt/ v
kalkulować policzyć wyliczać rachować obliczać
(transitive, mathematics) To determine the value of something or the solution to something by a mathematical process.
kalkulować wyliczać policzyć rachować obliczać
To ascertain or predict by mathematical or astrological computations the time, circumstances, or other conditions of; to forecast or compute the character or consequences of.

calculation /kælkjuˈleɪʃən/ /kælkjəˈleɪʃən/ calculations n
kalkulacja
(countable) An expectation based on circumstances.
kalkulacja obliczenie obrachunek
(chess, uncountable) The act or process of imagining sequences of potential moves and responses without actually moving the pieces.

calculator /kæl.kjə.leɪ.tɚ/ /ˈkæl.kjə.leɪ.tə(ɹ)/ [ˈkʰæɫ.kjəˌleɪ̯.ɾɚ] calculators n
kalkulator
A mechanical or electronic device that performs mathematical calculations.

calculus /ˈkæl.kjə.ləs/ /ˈkæl.kjʊ.ləs/ calculi calculuses n
rachunek
(countable, mathematics) Any formal system in which symbolic expressions are manipulated according to fixed rules.
rachunek różniczkowy i całkowy
(uncountable, often, definite, the calculus) Differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject; analysis.

calculus of variations n
rachunek wariacyjny
(calculus) The form of calculus that deals with the maxima and minima of definite integrals of functions of many variables.

caldera /kælˈdɛə.ɹə/ /kælˈdɛɹ.ə/ /ˈkɔːl.də.ɹə/ calderas n
kaldera
(vulcanology) A large crater formed by collapse of the cone or edifice of a volcano.

calendar /ˈkæl.ən.də/ /ˈkæl.ən.dɚ/ [ˈkʰæl.(ə)n.dɚ] calendars n
kalendarz
Any system by which time is divided into days, weeks, months, and years.
A means to determine the date consisting of a document containing dates and other temporal information.
A list of planned events.

calender /ˈkæləndə/ /ˈkæləndɚ/ calenders n
gładziarka kalander
Calander machine A machine, used for the purpose of giving cloth, paper etc., a smooth, even, and glossy or glazed surface, by cold or hot pressure, or for watering them and giving them a wavy appearance; it consists of two or more cylinders revolving nearly in contact, with the necessary apparatus for moving and regulating.

calender /ˈkæləndə/ /ˈkæləndɚ/ v
kalendrować
To press between rollers for the purpose of making smooth and glossy, or wavy, as woolen and silk stuffs, linens, paper etc., as in a calender.

calends /ˈkæləndz/ /ˈkælɪndz/ n
kalendy
(historical, Ancient Rome) The first day of a month of the Roman calendar.

calendula calendulas n
nagietek
Any plant of the genus Calendula, with yellow or orange flowers, often called marigolds.

calf /kaf/ /keɪf/ /kæf/ /kɐːf/ /kɑːf/ calves n
cielę cielak
A young cow or bull.
łydka
The muscle in the back of the leg below the knee.

calf bone calf bones n
kość strzałkowa
(anatomy) The smaller of the two bones in the lower leg, the fibula.

caliber /ˈkæl.ə.bə(ɹ)/ /ˈkæl.ə.bɚ/ /ˈkæl.ɪ.bə(ɹ)/ /ˈkæl.ɪ.bɚ/ calibers n
kaliber
Unit of measure used to express the length of the bore of a weapon. The number of calibres is determined by dividing the length of the bore of the weapon, from the breech face of the tube to the muzzle, by the diameter of its bore. A gun tube the bore of which is 40 feet (480 inches) long and 12 inches in diameter is said to be 40 calibers long.

calibrate /ˈkæl.ə.bɹeɪt/ /ˈkæl.ə.bɹæɪt/ /ˈkæl.ɪ.bɹeɪt/ v
kalibrować
To check or adjust by comparison with a standard.

californium /ˌkælɪˈfɔɹniəm/ /ˌkælɪˈfɔːniəm/ n
kaliforn
A strongly radioactive and highly fissile transuranic chemical element (symbol Cf) with an atomic number of 98.

caliper /ˈkælɪpɚ/ calipers n
szczęka
(automotive) The part of a disc brake that holds the brake pads.

calipers /ˈkæl.ɪ.pəz/ /ˈkæl.ɪ.pɚz/ n
suwmiarka
A device used to measure dimensions, especially for small or precise measurements.

caliph /ˈkeɪlɪf/ /ˈkælɪf/ caliphs n
kalif
The political leader of the Muslim world; the successor of the prophet Muhammad's political authority.

caliphate /ˈkælɪfeɪt/ caliphates n
kalifat
A unified Islamic government for the Muslim world, ruled by a caliph.

calisthenics /ˌkæl.ɪsˈθɛn.ɪks/ n
kalistenika
(in the plural) Gymnastic exercises under the participation of a (surface-wise) multitude of muscles and often minimal equipment (thus, usually bodyweight exercises) with a stress on stamina.

calk calks n
gryf
A pointed projection on a horseshoe to prevent its slipping.

calkin calkins n
hacel ocel
A calk (on a horseshoe).

call /koːl/ /kɑl/ /kɔl/ /kɔːl/ [kʰoɫ] [kʰɑɫ] [kʰɔɫ] calls n
rozmowa telefoniczna
A telephone conversation; a phone call.
wizyta
A short visit, usually for social purposes.
krzyk wołanie okrzyk
A cry or shout.
wezwanie zew
A beckoning or summoning.
wywołanie
(computing) The act of jumping to a subprogram, saving the means to return to the original point.

call /koːl/ /kɑl/ /kɔl/ /kɔːl/ [kʰoɫ] [kʰɑɫ] [kʰɔɫ] v
dzwonić zadzwonić telefonować zatelefonować
(ambitransitive) To contact by telephone.
wołać wzywać wezwać zawołać
(intransitive) To request, summon, or beckon.
nazywać wołać zawołać
To state, or estimate, approximately or loosely; to characterize without strict regard to fact.

call a spade a spade v
nazywać rzeczy po imieniu
(idiomatic) To put it bluntly, to be outspoken; to speak the truth, to say things as they really are.

call an ambulance phraseologicalUnit
proszę wezwać karetkę zadzwoń po ambulans zadzwoń po karetkę
Use a telephone to ensure arrival of an ambulance

call back v
oddzwaniać oddzwonić
To telephone someone again at a more convenient time.

call center call centers n
biuro obsługi klienta call center
(business, telephony) A communications facility where phone calls are handled; especially, a commercial one for customer service, sales and telemarketing.

call into question v
podawać w wątpliwość podać w wątpliwość
(transitive) To cause to be questioned; to introduce doubt regarding.

call names v
przezwać przezywać
(transitive, intransitive) To use abusive or insulting language, engage in name-calling.

call off v
odwołać
(transitive) To recall; to cancel or call a halt to.

call on the carpet v
brać na dywanik
(chiefly, US) To reprimand; to censure severely or angrily.

call option call options n
opcja kupna
(finance) An option to buy a stated quantity of an asset or financial product, such as stock, at a stated price (the strike price), on a stated future date (or range of dates).

call the fire department phraseologicalUnit
proszę po straż pożarną zadzwoń po straż pożarną

call the police phraseologicalUnit
proszę wezwać policję zadzwoń po policję
Use a telephone to request the arrival of a police officer.

call to prayer calls to prayer n
wezwanie do modlitwy
A public proclamation made five times a day in Muslim societies, broadcast from the mosques, to mark out the ordained occasions for worship.

calla callas n
czermień błotna
A marsh plant native to cooler areas throughout the northern hemisphere, Calla palustris, having pale green flowers in a white spathe.

caller /ˈkɑlɚ/ /ˈkɔlɚ/ /ˈkɔːlə/ callers n
dzwoniący
(telephony) The person who makes a telephone call.

calligrapher /kəˈlɪɡɹəfɚ/ calligraphers n
kaligraf
one who practices calligraphy

calligraphic /ˌkælɪˈɡɹæfɪk/ adj
kaligraficzny
Of or pertaining to calligraphy.

calligraphy /kəˈlɪɡɹəfi/ calligraphies n
kaligrafia
(uncountable) The art or practice of writing letters and words in a decorative style; the letters and words so written.

calliope /kəˈlaɪə.pi/ /ˈkælioʊp/ calliopes n
Kaliope
A musical organ, consisting of steam whistles played with a keyboard. Often used with merry-go-rounds.

callipygian /ˌkæ.ləˈpɪ.d͡ʒi.ən/ /ˌkæliˈpɪdʒjən/ /ˌkæləˈpɪdʒi.ən/ /ˌkæləˈpɪdʒjən/ /ˌkælɪˈpɪdʒi.ən/ more callipygian most callipygian adj
o kształtnych pośladkach
Having beautifully shaped buttocks.

callous /ˈkæləs/ more callous most callous adj
bezduszny nieczuły
(figurative) Emotionally hardened; unfeeling and indifferent to the suffering/feelings of others.
zgrubiały zrogowaciały
(literal) Having calluses, or relating to calluses.

callously more callously most callously adv
bezdusznie bezwzględnie

callousness callousnesses n
bezduszność znieczulica
The quality of being callous; emotional hardheartedness or indifference.

callow /ˈkaləʊ/ /ˈkæloʊ/ callower callowest more callow most callow adj
nieopierzony
Unfledged (of a young bird), featherless.
niedojrzały niedoświadczony
(by extension) Immature, lacking in life experience.

calm /kam/ /kaɹm/ /kaːm/ /kæm/ /kɑlm/ /kɑm/ /kɑːm/ /kɔlm/ [kʰa(ː)m] [kʰäː(ɫ)m] [kʰɐːm] [kʰɑːm] [kʰɒː(ɫ)m] calmer calmest more calm most calm adj
spokojny opanowany
(of a person) Peaceful, quiet, especially free from anger and anxiety.
spokojny cichy
(of a place or situation) Free of noise and disturbance.
spokojny
(of water) with few or no waves on the surface; not rippled.

calm /kam/ /kaɹm/ /kaːm/ /kæm/ /kɑlm/ /kɑm/ /kɑːm/ /kɔlm/ [kʰa(ː)m] [kʰäː(ɫ)m] [kʰɐːm] [kʰɑːm] [kʰɒː(ɫ)m] calms n
spokój
(in a person) The state of being calm; peacefulness; absence of worry, anger, fear or other strong negative emotion.
(in a place or situation) The state of being calm; absence of noise and disturbance.

calm /kam/ /kaɹm/ /kaːm/ /kæm/ /kɑlm/ /kɑm/ /kɑːm/ /kɔlm/ [kʰa(ː)m] [kʰäː(ɫ)m] [kʰɐːm] [kʰɑːm] [kʰɒː(ɫ)m] v
uspokajać uspokoić
(transitive) To make calm.
uspokajać się uspokoić się
(intransitive) To become calm.

calm before the storm calms before storms n
cisza przed burzą
(idiomatic) A period of peace before a disturbance or crisis; an unnatural or false calm before a storm.

calm down v
uspokajać uspokajać się uspokoić uspokoić się
(transitive) To cause to become less excited, intense, or angry.

calmly /ˈkɑː(ɹ)m.li/ more calmly most calmly adv
spokojnie
In a calm manner.

calmness /ˈkɑ(l)mnəs/ /ˈkɑːmnəs/ calmnesses n
spokój
(uncountable) The state of being calm; tranquillity; silence.

calorie /ˈkæləɹi/ calories n
kaloria
(physics, chemistry, obsolete) The gram calorie or small calorie, a non-SI unit of energy, equivalent to approximately 4.2 joules. This unit was widely used in chemistry and physics, being the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 °C.

calorie bomb calorie bombs n
bomba kaloryczna

calpack calpacks n
kołpak
A kind of cap from Turkic countries, with a high crown.

calque /kælk/ calques n
kalka
(linguistics, translation studies) A word or phrase in a language formed by word-for-word or morpheme-by-morpheme translation of a word in another language.

calumet /ˈkæljʊmɛt/ calumets n
kalumet
A clay tobacco pipe used by American Indians, especially as a symbol of truce or peace.

calumniate /kəˈlʌmni.eɪt/ v
oczerniać rzucać kalumnie
(transitive) To make hurtful untrue comments about.

calumniator calumniators n
oszczerca
A person who calumniates (slanders, or makes personal attacks upon, others).

calumny /kəˈlʌmni/ /ˈkæləmni/ calumnies n
kalumnia oszczerstwo
(uncountable) Falsifications or misrepresentations intended to disparage or discredit another.

calve /kæv/ /kɑːv/ v
cielić ocielić
(intransitive) to give birth to a calf
(intransitive) to assist in a cow's giving birth to a calf
(transitive) to give birth to (a calf)

calx /kælks/ calces calxes n
popiół
(now, chiefly, historical) The substance which remains after a metal or mineral has been thoroughly burnt, once seen as being the essential substance left after the expulsion of phlogiston, but now recognised as being the metallic oxide (or, in some cases, the metal in a state of sublimation).

calyciform more calyciform most calyciform adj
kielichowy

calyptra calyptrae calyptras n
czepek
(botany) In bryophytes, a thin, hood of tissue that forms from the archegonium and covers the developing sporophyte and is shed as it ripens.

calyx /ˈkeɪ.lɪks/ /ˈkæ.lɪks/ calyces calyxes n
kielich
(botany) The outermost whorl of flower parts, comprising the sepals, which covers and protects the petals as they develop.

camaraderie /ˌkæm(ə)ˈɹɑdəɹi/ /ˌkæməˈɹædəɹi/ /ˌkæməˈɹɑːdəɹi/ /ˌkɑm(ə)ˈɹɑdəɹi/ camaraderies n
koleżeństwo towarzystwo
Close friendship in a group of friends or teammates.

camber /ˈkæm.bə/ /ˈkæm.bɚ/ n
wypukłość
A slight convexity, arching or curvature of a surface of a road, beam, roof, ship's deck etc., so that liquids will flow off the sides.
wygięcie
The slope of a curved road created to minimize the effect of centrifugal force.

camber angle camber angles n
kąt pochylenia koła

cambium /ˈkambɪəm/ /ˈkeə̯m.biˌəm/ /ˈkæm.biˌəm/ cambia cambiums n
kambium
(botany) A layer of cells between the xylem and the phloem that is responsible for the secondary growth of roots and stems.

camel /ˈkæməl/ camels n
wielbłąd
A beast of burden, much used in desert areas, of the genus Camelus.

camel driver camel drivers n
wielbłądnik
One whose occupation is to direct, handle and care for camels, especially as a part of a caravan travelling long distances.

camel through the eye of a needle phraseologicalUnit
łatwiej jest wielbłądowi przejść przez ucho igielne
(idiomatic) Hyperbole to illustrate something that is impossible to do or to make happen.

camellia /kəˈmiːlɪ.ə/ /kəˈmɛlɪ.ə/ camellias n
kamelia
Any plant of the genus Camellia, shrubs and small trees native to Asia; Camellia japonica is the most popular as a garden plant; Camellia sinensis is the tea plant.

camembert /ˈkæmɒmˌbeə(ɹ)/ /ˈkæməmˌbeː/ camemberts n
camembert kamamber
A soft, creamy cheese from France made from cow's milk.

cameo /ˈkæm.i.oʊ/ /ˈkæm.iː.əʊ/ cameoes cameos n
kamea
A piece of jewelry, etc., carved in relief.

camera /ˈkæməɹə/ /ˈkæmɹə/ camerae cameras cameræ n
aparat fotograficzny kamera
(photography) A device for taking still or moving pictures or photographs.
aparat fotograficzny kamera kamera wideo
(computer graphics, video games) The viewpoint in a three-dimensional game or simulation.

camera obscura /ˌkæm.ə.ɹə əbˈskjʊə.ɹə/ /ˌkæm.ɚ.ə əbˈskjʊɚ.ə/ /ˌkæm.ɹə əbˈskjʊə.ɹə/ /ˌkæm.ɹə əbˈskjʊɚ.ə/ camera obscuras camerae obscurae n
camera obscura
A darkened chamber in which the image of an outside object is projected and focused onto a surface.

camera trap camera traps n
fotopułapka

cameraman cameramen n
kamerzysta
Somebody who operates a movie camera or television camera.

camlet /ˈkæm.lɪt/ camlets n
kamlot
A fine fabric made from wool (originally camel, but later goat) and silk.

camomile /ˈkæ.məˌmaɪl/ /ˈkæ.məˌmil/ camomiles n
rumian rzymski
Chamaemelum nobile (formerly Anthemis nobilis), English chamomile or Roman chamomile, a ground cover with fragrant foliage.
rumianek rumianek pospolity
Matricaria recutita (formerly known as Matricaria chamomilla), German chamomile or Hungarian chamomile, with fragrant flowers used for tea, and as an herbal remedy.

camomile tea camomile teas n
rumianek
A beverage made by infusing the leaves of the camomile plant (either Matricaria recutita or Chamaemelum nobile) in hot water.

camouflage /ˈkæ.məˌflɑːʒ/ camouflages n
barwa ochronna kamuflaż kolor ochronny
A disguise or covering up.
maskowanie barwa ochronna kolor ochronny
The act of disguising.
kamuflaż barwa ochronna kolor ochronny
(military) The use of natural or artificial material on personnel, objects, or tactical positions with the aim of confusing, misleading, or evading the enemy.

camouflage /ˈkæ.məˌflɑːʒ/ v
maskować
To hide or disguise something by covering it up or changing the way it looks.

camp /kæmp/ [kʰeəmp] [kʰɛəmp] camps n
obóz
An outdoor place acting as temporary accommodation in tents or other temporary structures.
An organised event, often taking place in tents or temporary accommodation.
A base of a military group, not necessarily temporary.

camp /kæmp/ [kʰeəmp] [kʰɛəmp] v
biwakować koczować obozować
(intransitive, obsolete) To fight; contend in battle or in any kind of contest; to strive with others in doing anything; compete.

camp bed camp beds n
polówka łóżko polowe
(chiefly, UK) A lightweight portable bed used by the military, campers, etc.

camp follower camp followers n
markietanka
(chiefly, historical) A civilian who follows an army, typically a family member of a soldier or someone who provides services to the soldiers, e.g. prostitution, sale of liquor, cooking and laundry.

camp stove camp stoves n
kuchenka biwakowa piecyk biwakowy
A portable stove used while camping.

campaign /kæmˈpeɪn/ /kəmˈpeɪn/ campaigns n
kampania pochód
A series of operations undertaken to achieve a set goal.

campanology campanologies n
kampanologia
The study of bells and their casting, tuning, and ringing.

camper /ˈkæmpɚ/ campers n
obozowicz obozowiczka
A person who camps, especially in a tent etc.
camper
(video games) A person who stays in one spot during a first-person shooting game, to guard an item etc.

campfire /ˈkæmpˌfaɪ̯ɚ/ [ˈkʰɛə̯mpˌfaɪ̯ɚ] campfires n
ognisko
A fire at a campground or on a camping trip, often used for cooking, to provide light and heat, to drive away bugs, and as a focal point for sitting around in the evening and talking, telling stories, and singing.

campground campgrounds n
kemping
An area where tents are pitched.

camphor /ˈkæmfə/ /ˈkæmfɚ/ camphors n
kamfora
(organic compound) A white transparent waxy crystalline isoprenoid ketone, 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, with a strong pungent odour, used in pharmacy.

camping /ˈkæmp.ɪŋ/ campings n
kemping
(uncountable) The recreational or educational activity of temporarily living in a tent or similar accommodation.

campsite campsites n
kemping obozowisko pole namiotowe
A place where one or more tents may be pitched for an overnight stay in an outdoor area.

campus /ˈkæmpəs/ /ˈkæmpʊs/ campuses campusses n
kampus
The grounds or property of a school, college, university, business, church, or hospital, often understood to include buildings and other structures.

camrip camrips n
kinówka
A pirated video created by illicitly recording a movie with a camcorder.

camshaft camshafts n
wałek rozrządu
A shaft fitted with cams; especially one in a piston engine that activates the valves.

can /ˈkæn/ /ˈkæːn/ [ˈkeən] cans n
kibel klop sracz ubikacja
bańka kanister
A more or less cylindrical and often metal container or vessel.
puszka konewka polewaczka
A container used to carry and dispense water for plants (a watering can).
dupa pośladki
(US, slang) Buttocks.

can /kən/ /ˈkæn/ /ˈkɛn/ [kʰn̩] [kʰən] [ˈkʰan] [ˈkʰæn] [ˈkʰɛən ~ ˈkʰeən] [ˈkʰɛːn] [ˈkʰɛˑn] v
móc potrafić umieć
(auxiliary, _, verb, defective) To know how to; to be able to.
móc
(modal, _, auxiliary, _, verb, defective, informal) May; to be permitted or enabled to.

can /ˈkæn/ /ˈkæːn/ [ˈkeən] v
konserwować
To preserve by heating and sealing in a jar or can.
wylać (z pracy)
(US, euphemistic) To fire or dismiss an employee.

can I buy you a drink phraseologicalUnit
czy mogę postawić ci drinka? czy mogę postawić pani drinka? czy mogę postawić panu drinka?
Indicates the speaker wishes to buy the interlocutor a drink, in a bar.

can I come in /kən ˌaɪ kʌm ˈɪn/ [kən ˌaɪ kʰɐm ˈɪn] [kən ˌaɪ kʰʌm ˈɪn] phraseologicalUnit
mogę wejść?
Asks for permission to enter a room.

can I help you phraseologicalUnit
czy mogę ci pomóc?
An offering of assistance.

can I use your phone phraseologicalUnit
czy mogę skorzystać z pana telefonu? czy mogę skorzystać z pani telefonu?
Indicates that the speaker wants to communicate with someone via the interlocutor's telephone, if it is available.

can opener can openers n
otwieracz do konserw otwieracz do puszek
A device used to open tin cans, usually by slicing the lid off.

can you help me phraseologicalUnit
może mi pan pomóc? może mi pani pomóc? możesz mi pomóc?
A request for help.

canal /kəˈnæl/ /kəˈnɛl/ canals n
kanał
An artificial waterway or artificially improved river used for travel, shipping, or irrigation.
przewód kanał
(anatomy) A tubular channel within the body.

canapé canapés n
kanapka
An hors d’oeuvre, a bite-sized open-faced sandwich made of thin bread or toast topped with savory garnish.
kanapa
A piece of furniture similar to a couch or settee, an elegant sofa.

canard /kəˈnɑɹd/ /kəˈnɑːd/ canards n
kaczka dziennikarska
A false or misleading report or story, especially if deliberately so.

canary /kəˈnɛəɹi/ canaries n
kanarkowy
A light, slightly greenish, yellow colour.
kanarek
(countable, uncountable) A light, sweet, white wine from the Canary Islands.

canary grass canary grasses n
kanar mielec mozga ostrzyca
Phalaris canariensis, a grass whose seeds are used as birdseed

canasta /kəˈnæstə/ canastas n
kanasta
(uncountable, games, card games) A card game similar to rummy and played using two packs, where the object is to meld groups of the same rank.
(countable, card games) A meld of seven cards in a game of canasta.

cancan cancans n
kankan
A high-kicking chorus line dance originating in France.

cancel /ˈkæn.sl̩/ [ˈkɛən.sl̩ ~ ˈkeən.sl̩] v
skreślić
(transitive) To cross out something with lines etc.
anulować odwołać
(transitive) To invalidate or annul something.
skrócić
(transitive, mathematics) To remove a common factor from both the numerator and denominator of a fraction, or from both sides of an equation.
wstrzymać
(transitive, media) To stop production of a programme.

cancellation /kænsəˈleɪʃən/ cancellations n
anihilacja
The act, process, or result of cancelling; as, the cancellation of certain words in a contract, or of the contract itself.

cancer /ˈkænsə/ /ˈkænsɚ/ /ˈkæːnsə/ cancers n
rak nowotwór złośliwy
(medicine, oncology, disease) A disease in which the cells of a tissue undergo uncontrolled (and often rapid) proliferation.

candela /kænˈdiːlə/ /kænˈdɛlə/ /ˈkændɪlə/ candelae candelas n
kandela
In the International System of Units, the base unit of luminous intensity; the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 1012 hertz and that has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 watt per steradian. Symbol: cd

candelabrum /kændɪˈleɪbɹəm/ /kændɪˈlɑːbɹəm/ /ˌkæn.dl̩ˈæ.bɹəm/ /ˌkæn.dl̩ˈɑ.bɹəm/ candelabra candelabrums n
kandelabr
A candle holder.

candidacy /ˈkændɪdəsi/ candidacies n
kandydatura
The state of being a candidate; candidateship.

candidate /ˈkæn.dɪ.deɪt/ /ˈkæn.dɪ.dɪt/ /ˈkæn.dɪdət/ /ˈkæn.ɪ.deɪt/ /ˈkæn.ɪ.dɪt/ candidates n
kandydat kandydatka
A person who is running in an election.

candidature /ˈkændɪdətjʊɚ/ /ˈkændɪdət͡ʃɚ/ /ˈkændɪdət͡ʃʊɚ/ candidatures n
kandydatura
(Commonwealth, Ireland) The condition of becoming a candidate; candidateship.

candidly /ˈkændɪdli/ more candidly most candidly adv
szczerze
in a candid manner; frankly

candle /ˈkændl̩/ /ˈkændəl/ candles n
świeca świeczka gromnica
A light source consisting of a wick embedded in a solid, flammable substance such as wax, tallow, or paraffin.

candle snuffer candle snuffers n
gasidło gaśnik
A device made to extinguish (snuff out) a candle.

candlelit dinner candlelit dinners n
kolacja przy świecach

candlestick /ˈkændl̩ˌstɪk/ /ˈkændəlˌstɪk/ candlesticks n
świecznik lichtarz
A holder with a socket or spike for a candle.

candor /ˈkæn.də(ɹ)/ /ˈkæn.dɚ/ candors n
otwartość szczerość uczciwość
The state of being sincere and open in speech; honesty in expression. [from c. 1600]
bezstronność
Impartiality.

candy /ˈkændi/ candies n
cukierek
(countable, chiefly, North America, Philippines) A piece of confectionery of this kind.

candy /ˈkændi/ v
kandyzować
(cooking) To cook in, or coat with, sugar syrup.

candy bar candy bars n
baton
(US) A kind of candy in the shape of a bar, often made of chocolate.

candy cane /ˈkændi ˌkeɪn/ candy canes n
cukrowa laska
(US, Canada) An edible candy in the shape of a cane or staff, generally consumed during Christmas time and usually having a peppermint flavor.

candy floss /ˈkændi ˌflɒs/ candy flosses n
wata cukrowa
(UK, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia) Heated sugar spun into thin threads and collected into a mass, usually on a stick.

cane /keɪn/ v
chłostać
To strike or beat with a cane or similar implement.

cane brake cane brakes n
szuwar
A dense thicket of sugar-canes or bamboos.

cane sugar cane sugars n
cukier trzcinowy
Sugar obtained from the sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum).

cane toad cane toads n
aga kururu ropucha olbrzymia
A large toad, Rhinella marina (formerly Bufo marinus), of Central and South America, introduced to Australia and various Pacific islands where it is now an invasive pest species.

canine /kəˈnaɪn/ /ˈkeɪnaɪn/ /ˈkeɪˌnaɪn/ /ˈkænaɪn/ adj
psi
Of, or pertaining to, a dog or dogs.

canine tooth canine teeth n
kieł
One of the pointed teeth behind the incisors and in front of the premolar teeth.

caning /ˈkeɪnɪŋ/ canings n
bastonada
A beating with a cane.

canister /ˈkænɪstɚ/ canisters n
bidon
A projectile component containing colored or screening smoke or riot control agent composition.

canker /ˈkæŋkə/ /ˈkæŋkɚ/ cankers n
żółty guzek
An avian disease affecting doves, poultry, parrots and birds of prey, caused by Trichomonas gallinae.

cannabis /ˈkænəbɪs/ cannabises n
konopie konopie siewne
A mildly euphoriant or sedating, intoxicating hallucinogenic drug prepared from various parts of this plant.

cannelloni n
canelloni cannelloni
Wide tubes of pasta filled with a savoury stuffing and baked in the oven.

cannibal /ˈkænɪbəl/ cannibals n
kanibal antropofag ludojad ludożerca
An organism which eats others of its own species or kind, especially a human who eats human flesh.

cannibalism cannibalisms n
kanibalizm antropofagia ludożerstwo
The act of eating another of one's own species.

cannoli /kaˈnəʊlɪ/ /kəˈnoʊli/ /kəˈnəʊlɪ/ /k̬ɐˈnɔːlɪ̆/ cannoli cannolis n
cannolo
(chiefly, _, in the plural) A tube of fried pastry, typical of Sicily, filled with ricotta or similar cream cheese, and flavorings, eaten as a dessert.

cannon /ˈkæn.ən/ cannon cannons n
armata działo
(historical) A large muzzle-loading artillery piece.
(Chinese chess) A piece which moves horizontally and vertically like a rook but captures another piece by jumping over a different piece in the line of attack.
karambol
(sports, billiards, snooker, pool) A carom.

cannon fodder n
mięso armatnie
Military forces considered to be expendable.

cannonade /ˈkæn.ənˌeɪd/ cannonades n
kanonada
The firing of artillery for a length of time.

cannonball /ˈkænənˌbɔːl/ cannonballs n
kula armatnia
A spherical projectile fired from a smoothbore cannon.

cannot /kænˈɒt/ /kə(n)ˈnɑt/ /kəˈnɑt/ /ˈkæ(n.)nɑt/ /ˈkænɒt/ /ˈkɛ(n.)nɑt/ v
nie móc
Can not (be unable to).
Be forbidden or not permitted to

cannula /ˈkænjʊlə/ cannulae cannulas cannulæ n
kaniula
(medicine) A tube inserted in the body to drain or inject fluid.

canny /ˈkæni/ cannier canniest adj
obrotny sprytny
Knowing, shrewd, astute.

canoe /kəˈnuː/ canoes n
kanu kanadyjka
A small long and narrow boat, propelled by one or more people (depending on the size of canoe), using single-bladed paddles. The paddlers face in the direction of travel, in either a seated position, or kneeling on the bottom of the boat. Canoes are open on top, and pointed at both ends.

canoeing /kəˈnuɪŋ/ canoeings n
kajakarstwo
A water sport involving travelling or racing in canoes or kayaks.

canon /ˈkæn.ən/ canons n
kanon
A generally accepted principle; a rule.
A group of literary works that are generally accepted as representing a field.
A eucharistic prayer, particularly the Roman Canon.
A religious law or body of law decreed by the church.
A piece of music in which the same melody is played by different voices, but beginning at different times; a round.
(fandom, uncountable) Those sources, especially including literary works, which are considered part of the main continuity regarding a given fictional universe.
(printing, dated, uncountable) A large size of type formerly used for printing the church canons, standardized as 48-point.
kanonik
A clergy member serving a cathedral or collegiate church.

canon law canon laws n
prawo kanoniczne

canonical /kəˈnɑn.ɪ.kəl/ /kəˈnɒn.ɪ.kl̩/ more canonical most canonical adj
kanoniczny
Present in a canon, religious or otherwise.
According to recognised or orthodox rules.
(religion) In conformity with canon law.
(mathematics, computing) In canonical form.

canonical conjunctive normal form canonical conjunctive normal forms n
kanoniczna koniunkcyjna postać normalna

canonical disjunctive normal form n
kanoniczna alternatywna postać normalna
(logic) Disjunctive normal form with the additional property that all of the terms of the sum contain the same literals, so that the terms differ from each other only in their patterns of complementation (of their literals).

canonical form canonical forms n
postać kanoniczna
(mathematics, computing) A standard or normal presentation of a mathematical entity or a text string, etc.

canonization canonizations n
kanonizacja
(Christianity) The final process or decree (following beatification) by which the name of a deceased person is placed in the catalogue (canon) of saints and commended to perpetual veneration and invocation.

canonize /ˈkænənaɪz/ /ˈkænəˌnaɪz/ v
kanonizować
(chiefly, Roman Catholicism) To declare (a deceased person) as a saint, and enter them into the canon of saints.

canopy /ˈkæ.nə.pi/ canopies n
wiata
A high cover providing shelter, such as a cloth supported above an object, particularly over a bed.
baldachim
Any overhanging or projecting roof structure, typically over entrances or doors.

canopy bed canopy beds n
łóżko z baldachimem
A bed equipped with a canopy.

cantaloupe /ˈkæn.tə.loʊp/ /ˈkæn.tə.luːp/ cantaloupes n
kantalupa
A melon of species Cucumis melo subsp. melo with sweet orange flesh, with numerous cultivars in several cultivar groups.

cantankerous /kænˈtæŋkəɹəs/ /kənˈtæŋkəɹəs/ more cantankerous most cantankerous adj
kłótliwy swarliwy
Given to or marked by an ill-tempered, quarrelsome nature; ill-tempered, cranky, crabby.

cantata /kənˈtɑːtə/ cantatas cantate n
kantata
(music) A vocal composition accompanied by instruments and generally containing more than one movement, typical of 17th and 18th century Italian music.

canteen /kænˈtin/ /kænˈtiːn/ [kʰɛə̯nˈtin] canteens n
stołówka kafeteria
A small cafeteria or snack bar, especially one in a military establishment, school, or place of work.
manierka
A water bottle, flask, or other vessel, typically used by a soldier or camper as a bottle for carrying water or liquor for drink

canter /ˈkæntɚ/ canters n
galop
A gait of a horse between a trot and a gallop, consisting of three beats and a "suspension" phase, where there are no feet on the ground. Also describing this gait on other four-legged animals.
A ride on a horse at such speed.

canter /ˈkæntɚ/ v
galopować
(transitive) To cause to move at a canter; to ride (a horse) at a canter.

canticle /ˈkæntɪkəl/ canticles n
kantyk
A chant, hymn or song, especially a nonmetrical one, with words from a biblical text.

canting arms n
herb mówiący
(heraldry) A heraldic bearing in the form of a visual pun.

canto /ˈkæntoʊ/ /ˈkæntəʊ/ cantos n
pieśń
One of the chief divisions of a long poem; a book.

canton /ˈkæntn̩/ /ˈkæntɒn/ cantons n
kanton
A division of Luxembourg, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, etc.
(heraldiccharge) A division of a shield occupying one third of the chief, usually on the dexter side, formed by a perpendicular line from the top meeting a horizontal line from the side.

cantor /ˈkæntɔː(ɹ)/ /ˈkæntə(ɹ)/ cantors n
kantor chazan
singer, especially someone who takes a special role of singing or song leading at a ceremony

canvas /ˈkænvæs/ /ˈkænvəs/ canvases canvasses n
płótno
A type of coarse cloth, woven from hemp, useful for making sails and tents or as a surface for paintings.
A piece of canvas cloth stretched across a frame on which one may paint.

canyon /ˈkænjən/ canyons n
kanion przełom
A valley, especially a long, narrow, steep valley, cut in rock by a river.

caoutchouc /ˈkaʊt͡ʃuk/ /ˈkaʊt͡ʃʊk/ caoutchoucs n
kauczuk
latex; natural rubber

cap /kæp/ [kʰæp] caps n
nakrętka
A protective cover or seal.
limit ograniczenie
An artificial upper limit or ceiling.
kapelusz
The top part of a mushroom.
(nautical) A collar of iron or wood used in joining spars, as the mast and the topmast, the bowsprit and the jib boom; also, a covering of tarred canvas at the end of a rope.
kapiszon
(toy) A small amount of percussive explosive in a paper strip or plastic cup for use in a toy gun.
spłonka
A small explosive device used to detonate a larger charge of explosives.
kulka
(slang) A bullet used to shoot someone.
występ w reprezentacji
(sport) A place on a national team; an international appearance.
czapka kapelusz nakrycie głowy
(obsolete) A respectful uncovering of the head.
czasza
(geometry) A portion of a spherical or other convex surface.

capability /ˌkeɪ.pəˈbɪl.ə.ti/ /ˌkeɪ.pəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/ /ˌkæɪ.pəˈbɪl.ə.ti/ [ˌkeɪ.pəˈbɪl.ə.ɾi] [ˌkæɪ.pəˈbɪl.ə.ɾi] capabilities n
zdolność możliwość
the power or ability to generate an outcome

capable /ˈkeɪpəbəl/ more capable most capable adj
zdolny stać
Able and efficient; having the ability needed for a specific task; having the disposition to do something; permitting or being susceptible to something.

capacitor capacitors n
kondensator
(electronics) An electronic component capable of storing electrical energy in an electric field; especially one consisting of two conductors separated by a dielectric.

capacity /kəˈpæsɪti/ capacities n
pojemność
The ability to hold, receive, or absorb
Electrical capacitance.
zdolność
Capability; the ability to perform some task
stanowisko
A role; the position in which one functions

caparison caparisons n
kropierz
The often ornamental coverings for an animal, especially a horse or an elephant.

cape /keɪp/ capes n
przylądek cypel
(geography) A piece or point of land, extending beyond the adjacent coast into a sea or lake; a promontory; a headland.
peleryna
A sleeveless garment or part of a garment, hanging from the neck over the back, arms, and shoulders.

capelin capelin capelins n
gromadnik kapelan
Mallotus villosus, a type of smelt found in the Atlantic and Arctic oceans.

caper /ˈkeɪpə/ /ˈkeɪpɚ/ capers n
kapar
The pungent grayish green flower bud of the European and Oriental caper (Capparis spinosa), which is pickled and eaten.
A plant of the genus Capparis.

capercaillie /kæpəˈkeɪli/ /kæpɚˈkeɪli/ capercaillies n
głuszec głuszec zwyczajny
A large, black grouse of the genus Tetrao in the bird family Phasianidae, especially the western capercaillie, Tetrao urogallus.

capillary /kəˈpɪl.ə.ɹi/ /ˈkæpɪˌlɛɹi/ capillaries n
kapilara
(anatomy) Any of the small blood vessels (from 5 to 10 micrometres/micrometers (μm) in diameter) that connect arteries to veins (They are the smallest blood vessels in the body: they convey blood between the arterioles and venules).

capisce /kəˈpiʃ/ /kəˈpiːʃ/ interjection
kapisz? kapujesz? rozumiesz?
(slang) "Get it?"; "understood?".

capital /ˈkæp.ɪ.təl/ [ˈkæp.ɪ.ɾəl] adj
duża duży
Uppercase.

capital /ˈkæp.ɪ.təl/ [ˈkæp.ɪ.ɾəl] capitals n
kapitał
(uncountable, business, finance, insurance) Money and wealth. The means to acquire goods and services, especially in a non-barter system.
głowica kapitel
(countable, architectural element) The uppermost part of a column.

capital adequacy n
wystarczalność kapitału

capital city capital cities n
stolica
A city (or cities) much larger or more important to a country than all others, regardless of the actual seat of government (cf., Moscow and Saint Petersburg regardless of moves of the Russian government; Amsterdam despite the Dutch government having been situated in The Hague since 1588).

capital flight n
ucieczka kapitału
(economics) The rapid flow of money or assets out of a country in response to globalization or some other economic event.

capital gain capital gains n
zysk kapitałowy
(business, finance) An amount by which the value or the proceeds of the sale of a capital asset by its owner exceed its cost to the owner.

capital gains tax capital gains taxes n
podatek od zysków kapitałowych podatek od dochodów kapitałowych
(tax) A tax levied on the profit made from selling any "capital" (i.e. non-inventory) asset.

capital good capital goods n
dobro kapitałowe

capital letter capital letters n
duża litera majuskuła wielka litera

capital punishment capital punishments n
kara śmierci najwyższy wymiar kary
The practice of putting a person to death as a punishment for a crime.

capital stock capital stocks n
kapitał akcyjny
(legal, accounting, US) The total amount of common and preferred stock (shares) that a company can issue.

capital-intensive more capital-intensive most capital-intensive adj
kapitałochłonny
Needing a relatively large expenditure on capital, especially when compared to that spent on labour.

capitalisation capitalisations n
kapitalizacja
Choice of case (when writing a word); the act or process of writing a word in a particular case, such as ALL CAPS, Title Case, CamelCase, Sentence case, or all lowercase.

capitalism /ˈkapɪt(ə)lɪz(ə)m/ /ˈkæpɪ̈tl̩ˌɪzm̩/ capitalisms n
kapitalizm
(politics, economic liberalism) A socio-economic system based on private property rights, including the private ownership of resources or capital, with economic decisions made largely through the operation of a market unregulated by the state.

capitalist /ˈkæp.ɪ.tə.lɪst/ more capitalist most capitalist adj
kapitalistyczny
Supporting or endorsing capitalism.

capitalistically more capitalistically most capitalistically adv
kapitalistycznie
In a capitalistic manner.

capitalize /ˈkæpətəˌlaɪz/ v
pisać wielką literą pisać z dużej litery
(transitive) In writing or editing, to write (something: either an entire word or text, or just the initial letter(s) thereof) in capital letters, in upper case.
kapitalizować
(transitive, business, finance) To contribute or acquire capital (money or other resources) for.
spieniężać
(transitive, finance) To convert into capital, i.e., to get cash or similar immediately fungible resources for some less fungible property or source of future income.
zyskiwać
(intransitive) To profit or to obtain an advantage.

capitate bone capitate bones n
kość główkowata
The largest of the bones in the human wrist.

capitulate /kəˈpɪ.tjʊ.leɪt/ /kəˈpɪ.t͡ʃə.leɪt/ /kəˈpɪt͡ʃ.jə.leɪt/ /kəˈpɪt͡ʃ.jʊ.leɪt/ v
kapitulować poddawać poddać skapitulować
(intransitive) To surrender; to end all resistance, to give up; to go along with or comply.

capitulation capitulations n
kapitulacja
The act of capitulating or surrendering to an enemy upon stipulated terms; the act of ceasing to resist an opponent or an unwelcome demand.

capo di tutti capi capi di tutti capi n
szef wszystkich szefów
(slang) Boss of all the bosses, especially in the mafia, Cosa Nostra etc. Often used by law enforcement, the media and the public in general to describe a Mafia boss who exerts significant influence on how the Mafia should run.

capoeira /kæpəʊˈeəɹə/ /kæpəˈweəɹə/ /kɑpəˈwɛɹə/ /kɑpˈwɛɹə/ capoeiras n
capoeira
(uncountable) A martial art developed in Brazil, involving complex acrobatic maneuvers and flowing movements.

capon /ˈkeɪpən/ capons n
kapłon
A cockerel which has been gelded and fattened for the table.

caponier /ˌkæp.əˈnɪə/ /ˌkæp.əˈnɪɚ/ caponiers n
kaponiera
(military, historical) A work made across or in a ditch, to protect it from the enemy (as fire from it could cover the ditch), or to serve as a covered passageway (e.g. to outworks).

capotasto capotastos n
kapodaster
(music) A device, placed across the strings of a fretted instrument such as a guitar, to shorten the strings and thus allow upward transposition without altered fingering

cappuccino /-pə-/ /ˌkæpəˈt͡ʃini/ /ˌkæpəˈt͡ʃinoʊ/ /ˌkæpʊˈtʃiːni/ /ˌkæpʊˈtʃiːnəʊ/ cappuccini cappuccinos n
cappuccino
(uncountable) An Italian coffee-based beverage made from espresso to which milk that has been steamed and/or frothed is added; (countable) a cup of this beverage.
(uncountable, also, attributively) A medium- to dark-brown colour like that of the coffee drink (sense 1) or the habit of a Capuchin monk.

caprice /kəˈpɹiːs/ caprices n
kaprys
An impulsive, seemingly unmotivated action, change of mind, or notion.
An unpredictable or sudden condition, change, or series of changes.

capricious /kəˈpɹɪʃəs/ more capricious most capricious adj
kapryśny nagły
Impulsive and unpredictable; determined by chance, impulse, or whim.

capsaicin /kæpˈseɪsən/ /kæpˈseɪəsən/ capsaicins n
kapsaicyna
(organic compound) A chemical compound found in chilli peppers, which is responsible for their piquancy.

capsicum /ˈkæpsɪkəm/ capsica capsicums n
papryka
Any of several tropical American plants, of the genus Capsicum, principally the species Capsicum annuum and Capsicum frutescens, that are cultivated as edible peppers.

capsize /kæpˈsaɪz/ v
wywracać się wywrócić się
(transitive, nautical) To cause (a ship) to overturn.

capstan /ˈkæp.stən/ capstans n
kabestan
(nautical) A vertical cylindrical machine that revolves on a spindle, used to apply force to ropes, cables, etc. It is typically surmounted by a drumhead with sockets for levers used to turn it.

capsule /ˈkæps(ə)l/ /ˈkæpsjuːl/ /ˈkæpʃuːl/ capsules n
torebka stawowa kapsułka
(physiology) A membranous envelope.
torebka torebka nasienna
(botany) A type of simple, dehiscent, dry fruit (seed-case) produced by many species of flowering plants, such as poppy, lily, orchid, willow and cotton.
kapsuła kapsułka
(astronautics) A detachable part of a rocket or spacecraft (usually in the nose) containing the crew's living space.
kapsułka
(pharmacy) A small container containing a dose of medicine.
kapturek termokurczliwy
(winemaking) The covering — formerly lead or tin, now often plastic — over the cork at the top of the wine bottle.

captain /ˈkæp.tən/ /ˈkæp.tɪn/ /ˈkæp.ən/ [ˈkæpm̩] [ˈkæpn̩] captains n
kapitan
The person lawfully in command of a ship or other vessel.
An army officer with a rank between the most senior grade of lieutenant and major.
A commissioned officer in the United States Navy, Coast Guard, NOAA Corps, or PHS Corps of a grade superior to a commander and junior to a rear admiral (lower half). A captain is equal in grade or rank to a United States Army, Marine Corps, or Air Force colonel.
One of the athletes on a sports team who is designated to make decisions, and is allowed to speak for his team with a referee or official.

captain /ˈkæp.tən/ /ˈkæp.tɪn/ /ˈkæp.ən/ [ˈkæpm̩] [ˈkæpn̩] v
dowodzić
(intransitive) To act as captain
(transitive) To exercise command of a ship, aircraft or sports team.

captain of industry captains of industry n
wódz branży

caption /ˈkæp.ʃən/ captions n
podpis
A title or brief explanation attached to an illustration, cartoon, user interface element, etc.
napisy
(cinematography, television) A piece of text appearing on screen as a subtitle or other part of a film or broadcast, describing dialogue (and sometimes other sound) for viewers who cannot hear.

captive /ˈkæptɪv/ captives n
więzień jeniec więźniarka
One who has been captured or is otherwise confined.
jeniec więzień
One held prisoner.
A captive insurance company, a subsidiary of a company used as its internal insurer.

captivity /kæpˈtɪvɪti/ captivities n
niewola
The state of being captive.

capture /ˈkæp.t͡ʃə/ /ˈkæp.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈkæp.ʃə/ /ˈkæp.ʃɚ/ v
zająć
(transitive) To take control of; to seize by force or stratagem.
zbić
(transitive) To remove or take control of an opponent’s piece in a game (e.g., chess, go, checkers).

capuchin monkey capuchin monkeys n
kapucynka
A New World monkey of the genus Cebus, coloured black on the top of the head.

capybara /kapɪˈbɑːɹə/ /ˌkæpiˈbæɹə/ /ˌkæpiˈbɑɹə/ /ˌkæpiˈbɛɹə/ capybaras n
kapibara
A semi-aquatic South American rodent, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris, the largest living rodent.

car /kɑɹ/ /kɑː/ [kʰaː] [kʰäɾ] cars n
samochód auto wóz bryka gablota
A wheeled vehicle that moves independently, with at least three wheels, powered mechanically, steered by a driver and mostly for personal transportation.
kabina
The moving, load-carrying component of an elevator or other cable-drawn transport mechanism.

car alarm car alarms n
autoalarm

car bomb car bombs n
samochód-pułapka
An automobile laden with a large amount of explosives, and used as a bomb primarily in order to cause external damage.
An alcoholic beverage made by dropping a shot of liquor into a glass of beer.

car carrier car carriers n
samochodowiec
A special ship that transports cars in a garage with ambient control and ventilation.

car insurance car insurances n
autocasco ubezpieczenie komunikacyjne ubezpieczenie samochodu

car key car keys n
klucz samochodowy kluczyk
A key used to unlock or start a car.

car radio car radios n
radio samochodowe
(radio) A radio specifically tuned for usage inside cars, i.e. by utilization of traffic programme and alternative frequency functions.

car seat car seats n
fotel samochodowy
A seat in a motor car.
fotelik fotelik samochodowy
A detachable motor car seat equipped with a harness to secure a young child.

car wash car washes n
automyjnia myjnia samochodowa
A place at which a car is washed, usually for a fee and often mechanically by driving the car through a tunnel.

carabineer carabineers n
karabinier
(historical) A cavalry soldier.

carabiner /ˈkɛ.ɹəˌbi.nɚ/ /ˌkæ.ɹəˈbiː.nə/ carabiners n
karabinek karabińczyk
A metal link with a gate that can open and close, generally used for clipping ropes to anchors or other objects.

caracal /ˈkeɚ.əˌkæl/ /ˈkæ.ɹəˌkæl/ /ˈkæɹ.əˌkæl/ /ˈkɛɚ.əˌkæl/ caracals n
karakal
A type of cat native to Southern Africa, West Asia, and parts of Central and South Asia, Caracal caracal.

carafe /kəˈɹæf/ carafes n
karafka
A bottle, usually glass and with a flared lip, used for serving water, wine, or other beverages.

caramel /ˈkarəm(ə)l/ /ˈkarəmɛl/ /ˈkerəˌmel/ /ˈkæɹ.ə.məl/ /ˈkæɹ.ə.mɛl/ /ˈkɑrməl/ /ˈkɑɹ.məl/ /ˈkɑɹ.ə.məl/ /ˈkɛɹ.ə.məl/ /ˈkɛɹ.ə.mɛl/ caramels n
karmel karmelek
(countable) A (sometimes hardened) piece of this confection.

caramelize /ˈkar(ə)məlʌɪz/ v
karmelizować skarmelizować
(cooking, transitive) To convert (sugar) into caramel.
(cooking, transitive) To brown (sugar, or a foodstuff containing sugar) by means of heat.

carapace /ˈkæ.ɹəˌpeɪs/ /ˈkɛɹ.əˌpeɪs/ carapaces n
karapaks
A hard protective covering of bone or chitin, especially one which covers the dorsal portion of an animal.

carat /ˈkæɹ.ət/ carats n
karat
A metric unit of weight equal to exactly 200 mg, chiefly used for measuring precious stones and pearls .
(historical) Any of several small units of weight used for measuring precious stones and pearls, equivalent to 189–212 mg.
A 24-point scale used to measure the purity of gold.

caravan /kaɾəˈvan/ /ˈkæɹəvæn/ caravans n
przyczepa campingowa przyczepa kempingowa
karawana
A convoy or procession of travellers, their cargo and vehicles, and any pack animals, especially camels crossing a desert.

caravanserai /ˌkæɹəˈvænsəɹaɪ/ /ˌkɛɹəˈvænsəˌɹaɪ/ caravanserais n
karawanseraj
(chiefly, historical) A roadside inn, usually having a central courtyard where caravans (see sense 3) can rest, providing accommodation for travellers along trade routes in Asia and North Africa.

caravel /ˈkæɹəvɛl/ /ˈkɛ-/ /ˌkæɹəˈvɛl/ caravels n
karawela
(nautical, historical) A light, usually lateen-rigged sailing ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish for about 300 years from the 15th century, first for trade and later for voyages of exploration.

caraway /ˈkæɹəˌweɪ/ /ˈkɛɹəˌweɪ/ caraways n
kminek kminek zwyczajny
The seed-like fruit of the caraway plant.

carbide carbides n
węglik
(chemistry) Any binary compound of carbon and a more electropositive element

carbine /ˈkɑɹ.baɪn/ /ˈkɑɹ.bin/ /ˈkɑː.baɪn/ /ˈkɑː.bin/ carbines n
karabinek
A rifle with a short barrel.

carbinol carbinols n
karbinol
(obsolete, organic compound, uncountable) The compound methanol.
(obsolete, organic chemistry, countable) Any substituted methanol.

carbohydrate /kɑːbəʊˈhaɪdɹeɪt/ /kɑːɹboʊˈhaɪdɹeɪt/ carbohydrates n
węglowodan sacharyd
(organic chemistry, nutrition) A sugar, starch, or cellulose that is a food source of energy for an animal or plant.

carbon /ˈkɑɹ.bən/ /ˈkɑːbən/ carbons n
węgiel
(uncountable) The chemical element (symbol C) with an atomic number of 6. It can be found in pure form for example as graphite, a black, shiny and very soft material, or diamond, a colourless, transparent, crystalline solid and the hardest known material.
A fossil fuel that is made of impure carbon such as coal or charcoal.
kalka
(countable, informal) A carbon copy.
dwutlenek węgla węgiel
(ecology, uncountable) carbon dioxide, in the context of climate change.

carbon copy v
wysyłać kopię wysłać kopię
(Internet) To send a duplicate copy of an email to.

carbon dioxide /ˈˌkɑrbən daɪˈɑksaɪd/ /ˌkɑːbən dʌɪˈɒksʌɪd/ n
dwutlenek węgla
(inorganic compound) The normal oxide of carbon, CO₂; a colorless, odorless gas formed during respiration and combustion and consumed by plants during photosynthesis.

carbon monoxide n
tlenek węgla czad
(inorganic compound) A colourless, odourless, flammable, highly toxic gas

carbon neutrality n
neutralność węglowa

carbon paper carbon papers n
kalka
Paper with one of the faces impregnated with carbon, used to make carbon copies.

carbon tetrachloride n
tetrachlorometan
(chemical compound) The halogenated hydrocarbon tetrachloromethane; a toxic, nonflammable liquid, used as a solvent, formerly used in dry cleaning and in fire extinguishers.

carbonado /-ˈnɑː-/ /ˌkɑɹbəˈneɪdoʊ/ /ˌkɑːbəˈneɪdəʊ/ carbonadoes carbonados n
karbonado
(mineral) A dark, non-transparent, impure form of polycrystalline diamond (also containing graphite and amorphous carbon) used in drilling.

carbonara /ˌkɑɹbəˈnæɹə/ /ˌkɑɹbəˈnɑɹə/ /ˌkɑːbəˈnɑːɹə/ carbonaras n
carbonara
A thick Italian pasta sauce, made with guanciale, grated cheese, beaten egg yolks and pepper.

carbonate /ˈkɑɹbəneɪt/ /ˈkɑɹbənət/ /ˈkɑː(ɹ).bə.neɪt/ /ˈkɑː(ɹ).bə.nət/ carbonates n
węglan
Any salt or ester of carbonic acid.

carbonated water carbonated waters n
sodówka woda gazowana woda sodowa
Water containing carbon dioxide dissolved in it under pressure.

carbonic acid n
kwas węglowy
A weak unstable acid, H2CO3, known only in solution, and as carbonate salts; it is present in carbonated drinks, and sparkling wine, but decomposes to form carbon dioxide and water.

carboniferous more carboniferous most carboniferous adj
węglonośny
Containing or producing carbon.

carboxylic adj
karboksylowy
(organic chemistry) Of, or relating to the carboxyl functional group.

carboxylic acid carboxylic acids n
kwas karboksylowy
(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compounds containing a carboxyl functional group.

carbuncle /ˈkɑɹˌbʌŋ.kl̩/ /ˈkɑː.bʌŋ.kl̩/ carbuncles n
karbunkuł
(archaic) A deep-red or fiery colored garnet or other dark red precious stone, especially when cut cabochon.
(pathology) An abscess larger than a boil, usually with one or more openings draining pus onto the skin. It is usually caused by staphylococcal infection.

carburetor /ˈkɑɹb(j)əˌɹeɪtɚ/ /ˈkɑːb(j)əˌɹɛtə/ carburetors n
gaźnik
(US, Canada) A device in an internal combustion engine where fuel is vaporized and mixed with air prior to ignition. [from 1890s]

carcass /ˈkɑɹkəs/ /ˈkɑːkəs/ carcasses n
ścierwo
The body of a dead animal.
The body of a dead human, a corpse.

carceral /ˈkɑɹsəɹəl/ /ˈkɑɹsɹl̩/ /ˈkɑːsəɹəl/ /ˈkɑːsɹl̩/ adj
więzienny
(formal, or, literary) Of or pertaining to imprisonment or a prison. [from late 16th c.]

carcinogen /kɑɹˈsɪnəd͡ʒən/ carcinogens n
czynnik rakotwórczy
A substance or agent that can cause cancer.

carcinogenesis carcinogeneses n
kancerogeneza karcynogeneza karcinogeneza
(oncology) The creation of cancer cells.

carcinogenic /ˌkɑː(ɹ)sɪnəˈd͡ʒɛnɪk/ more carcinogenic most carcinogenic adj
rakotwórczy
Causing or tending to cause cancer.

carcinogenicity carcinogenicities n
rakotwórczość
The state or degree of being carcinogenic.

carcinoid carcinoids n
rakowiak
(medicine) A form of slow-growing tumour originating in the neuroendocrine system.

carcinoma /-sə-/ /ˌkɑɹsɪnoʊˈmɑtə/ /ˌkɑɹsɪˈnoʊmə/ /ˌkɑɹsɪˈnoʊmətə/ /ˌkɑːsnəʊˈmɑːtə/ /ˌkɑːsnˈəʊmə/ /ˌkɑːsnˈəʊmətə/ /ˌkɑːsɪnəʊˈmɑːtə/ /ˌkɑːsɪˈnəʊmə/ /ˌkɑːsɪˈnəʊmətə/ [-ɾə] carcinomas carcinomata n
rak
(countable) An invasive malignant tumour derived from epithelial tissue that tends to metastasize to other areas of the body.

card /kaːd/ /kɐːd/ /kɑɹd/ /kɑːd/ [kʰäːd] [kʰɐːd] [kʰɑɹd] [kʰɑːd] cards n
zgrzebło
(textiles) A hand-held tool formed similarly to a hairbrush but with bristles of wire or other rigid material. It is used principally with raw cotton, wool, hair, or other natural fibers to prepare these materials for spinning into yarn or thread on a spinning wheel, with a whorl or other hand-held spindle. The card serves to untangle, clean, remove debris from, and lay the fibers straight.

card /kaːd/ /kɐːd/ /kɑɹd/ /kɑːd/ [kʰäːd] [kʰɐːd] [kʰɑɹd] [kʰɑːd] v
legitymować wylegitymować
(transitive, US) To check IDs, especially against a minimum age requirement.
gręplować zgrzeblić
(textiles) To use a carding device to disentangle the fibres of wool prior to spinning.

card game card games n
gra karciana gra w karty karty
(games) Any of the many games played with playing cards.

card stunt card stunts n
kartoniada

cardamom /ˈkɑɹ.də.məm/ /ˈkɑɹ.dəˌmɑm/ /ˈkɑː.də.məm/ /ˈkɑː.də.mən/ cardamoms n
kardamon
The seed of E. cardamomum, used as a medicine and spice, especially in curry powder.
(uncommon, inexact) , the seeds or seed capsules of Aframomum melegueta, of East Africa.

cardboard /ˈkɑɹdbɔɹd/ /ˈkɑːdbɔːd/ cardboards n
tektura karton
A wood-based material resembling heavy paper, used in the manufacture of boxes, cartons and signs.

cardboard box /ˈkɑɹd.bɔɹd bɑks/ /ˈkɑːd.bɔːd bɒks/ cardboard boxes n
karton
An industrially prefabricated box made from cardboard, primarily used for packaging goods or materials and often recycled.
A corrugated box.

cardholder cardholders n
wizytownik
A case for holding cards, as credit cards, bankcards, or business cards.

cardiac /ˈkɑɹdiˌæk/ /ˈkɑːdɪæk/ adj
sercowy
(biology, medicine) Pertaining to the heart.
(medicine, archaic) Exciting action in the heart, through the medium of the stomach; cordial; stimulant.

cardiac arrest cardiac arrests n
NZK nagłe zatrzymanie krążenia zatrzymanie akcji serca
(cardiology, pathology) Sudden and complete cessation of the heartbeat resulting in the loss of effective circulation of the blood.

cardigan /ˈkɑːdɪɡən/ cardigans n
kardigan
A type of sweater or jumper that fastens up the front with buttons or a zipper, usually machine- or hand-knitted from wool.

cardinal /ˈkɑɹdnəl/ /ˈkɑɹdɪnəl/ /ˈkɑː.dɪ.nəl/ /ˈkɑːd.nəl/ more cardinal most cardinal adj
kardynalny kardynał
Of fundamental importance; crucial, pivotal.
Describing a "natural" number used to indicate quantity (e.g., zero, one, two, three), as opposed to an ordinal number indicating relative position.
purpurowy
Having a bright red color (from the color of a Catholic cardinal's cassock).

cardinal /ˈkɑɹdnəl/ /ˈkɑɹdɪnəl/ /ˈkɑː.dɪ.nəl/ /ˈkɑːd.nəl/ cardinals n
kardynał
(Roman Catholic) One of the officials appointed by the pope in the Roman Catholic Church, ranking only below the pope and the patriarchs, constituting the special college which elects the pope. (See Wikipedia article on Catholic cardinals.)
Any of a genus of songbirds of the finch family, Cardinalis.
Any of various related passerine birds of the family Cardinalidae (See Wikipedia article on cardinals) and other similar birds that were once considered to be related.
purpura
(color) A deep red color, somewhat less vivid than scarlet, the traditional colour of a Catholic cardinal's cassock. (same as cardinal red)
liczba kardynalna
(math) Short for cardinal number, a number indicating quantity, or the size of a set (e.g., 0, 1, 2, 3). (See Cardinal_number.)

cardinal number cardinal numbers n
liczba kardynalna liczebnik główny
(mathematics) A generalized kind of number used to denote the size of a set, including infinite sets.

cardinal numeral /ˈkɑɹdɪnəl ˈnumɜɹəl/ /ˈkɑːdɪnəl ˈnjuːməɹəl/ cardinal numerals n
liczebnik główny
(grammar) A word used to represent a cardinal number.

cardinal point cardinal points n
strona świata
Any of the four principal compass directions: north, south, east and west.

cardinal virtue cardinal virtues n
cnota kardynalna
(Christianity, often, in the plural) One of the four foundational virtues identified by Greek and Christian philosophers, on which other virtues depend: justice, temperance, prudence, or fortitude.

cardinal vowel cardinal vowels n
samogłoska kardynalna samogłoska podstawowa
(phonetics) a vowel sound produced when the tongue is in an extreme position, either front or back, high or low.

cardinality cardinalities n
liczebność moc
(set theory, of a set) The number of elements a given set contains.

cardio- prefix
kardio-
(anatomy) Relating to the heart.
(anatomy) Relating to the cardia of the stomach.

cardiogram cardiograms n
kardiogram
(cardiology) The visual output an electrocardiograph produces

cardiograph cardiographs n
kardiograf
(cardiology) electrocardiograph

cardiography cardiographies n
kardiografia

cardioid cardioids n
kardioida
(geometry) An epicycloid with exactly one cusp; the plane curve with polar equation \rho = 1 + \cos\,\theta - approximately heart-shaped

cardiological more cardiological most cardiological adj
kardiologiczny
of or pertaining to cardiology

cardiologist cardiologists n
kardiolog
A physician who specializes in medical problems related to the heart.

cardiology /ˌkɑː(ɹ)diˈɒlədʒi/ cardiologies n
kardiologia
(medicine) The study of the structure, function, and disorders of the heart.

cardiopulmonary adj
sercowo-płucny
(medicine) Of or pertaining to both the heart and the lungs.

cardiopulmonary resuscitation cardiopulmonary resuscitations n
resuscytacja resuscytacja krążeniowo-oddechowa
A first aid procedure for cardiac arrest involving compression of the chest wall alternating with artificial respiration.

cardoon /kɑː(ɹ)ˈduːn/ cardoons n
karczoch hiszpanski
Cynara cardunculus, a prickly perennial plant related to the artichoke which has leaf stalks eaten as a vegetable.

cardplayer cardplayers n
karciarka karciarz
One who plays card games.

cardsharp /ˈkɑɹdʃɑɹp/ /ˈkɑːdʃɑːp/ cardsharps n
szuler
(card games) A professional cheater at card games.

care /keː/ /kɛə/ /kɛɚ/ /kɪə(ɹ)/ [kʰe(ə̯)ɻ] [kʰɛ(ə̯)ɻ] cares n
troska
Close attention; concern; responsibility.
opieka
(uncountable) The treatment of those in need (especially as a profession).

care /keː/ /kɛə/ /kɛɚ/ /kɪə(ɹ)/ [kʰe(ə̯)ɻ] [kʰɛ(ə̯)ɻ] v
martwić się
(transitive, intransitive) To be concerned (about), to have an interest (in); to feel concern (about).
troszczyć się obchodzić
(intransitive, polite, formal) To want, to desire; to like; to be inclined towards.
dbać opiekować się troszczyć się
(intransitive) (with for) To look after or look out for.

care of preposition
pod adresem
(mail) For distribution by (the named intermediary).

careen /kəˈɹiːn/ v
przechylać przechylić
(nautical, transitive) To heave a ship down on one side so as to expose the other, in order to clean it of barnacles and weed, or to repair it below the water line.
(nautical, intransitive) To tilt on one side.
huśtać kołysać wahać wahnąć
(intransitive) To tilt or lean while in motion. [from late 19th c.]

career /kəˈɹɪə/ /kəˈɹɪɹ/ careers n
kariera
One's calling in life; a person's occupation; one's profession.
(obsolete) A racecourse; the ground run over.

career break career breaks n
przerwa w karierze

career change n
zmiana zawodu
(This entry is a translation hub.)

career criminal career criminals n
przestępca zawodowy przestępczyni zawodowa
A person who makes a living illegally by committing crimes.

careerism careerisms n
arywizm
(derogatory) The overwhelming desire or urge to advance one's own career or social status, usually at the expense of other personal interests, social growth, or ethics.
(chiefly, US) The perception that being a member of the military is a career, rather than an obligation to serve one's country.

careerist more careerist most careerist adj
arywistyczny
Of or pertaining to such a person or way of life

careerist careerists n
arywista arywistka
(pejorative) A person who pursues the advancement of their career at the expense of other values.

carefree /kɛɹˈfɹi/ /ˈkɛəfɹiː/ more carefree most carefree adj
beztroski bezkłopotliwy niefrasobliwy
Without cares or worries; free of concern or worries; without difficulty.

carefreely more carefreely most carefreely adv
beztrosko

carefreeness n
beztroska
The property of being lighthearted, joyous, cheerful, without a care.

careful /ˈkɛ(ə)ɹfəl/ /ˈkɛːfəl/ carefuller carefullest more careful most careful adj
drobiazgowy ostrożny
Conscientious and painstaking; meticulous.

carefully /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/ /ˈkɛːf(ə)li/ more carefully most carefully adv
ostrożnie
With care; attentively, circumspectly.

carefulness carefulnesses n
ostrożność pieczołowitość uważność
The state of being careful.

careless /ˈkɛələs/ /ˈkɛəlɪs/ /ˈkɛɹləs/ more careless most careless adj
niedbały
Not giving sufficient attention or thought, especially concerning the avoidance of harm or mistakes. [from 16thc.]

carelessness /ˈkɛələsnəs/ /ˈkɛɹləsnəs/ carelessnesses n
lekkomyślność bezmyślność
Lack of care; the state or quality of being careless.

carer /ˈkɛəɹə(ɹ)/ /ˈkɛɹɚ/ carers n
opiekun opiekunka
(UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong) Someone who regularly looks after another person, either as a job or often through family responsibilities.

caress /kəˈɹɛs/ caresses n
pieszczota
An act of endearment; any act or expression of affection; an embracing, or touching, with tenderness. [from 1640s]

caress /kəˈɹɛs/ v
głaskać pieścić
(transitive) To touch or kiss lovingly; to fondle.

caretaker /ˈkɛəˌteɪ.kə/ /ˈkɛɹˌteɪ.kɚ/ caretakers n
dozorca dozorczyni
Someone who takes care of a place or thing; someone looking after a place, or responsible for keeping it in good repair.

caretaker government caretaker governments n
rząd tymczasowy
(politics) A government that rules temporarily, for example after a motion of no confidence in a parliamentary system.

cargo /ˈkɑɹɡoʊ/ /ˈkɑːɡəʊ/ cargoes cargos n
ładunek
Freight carried by a ship, aircraft, or motor vehicle.

cargo pants n
bojówki

cargo ship cargo ships n
towarowiec
A ship that carries cargo.

caribou /ˈkæɹəbu/ caribou caribous n
karibu
Any of several North American subspecies of the reindeer, Rangifer tarandus.

caricature /kəˈɹɪkət͡ʃɚ/ /kəˈɹɪkət͡ʃʊɚ/ /ˈkæɹɪkətʃə/ /ˈkæɹɪkətʃʊə/ /ˈkɛɹɪkət͡ʃɚ/ /ˈkɛɹɪkət͡ʃʊɚ/ adj
karykatura
Having the characteristics of a caricature, grotesque.

caricature /kəˈɹɪkət͡ʃɚ/ /kəˈɹɪkət͡ʃʊɚ/ /ˈkæɹɪkətʃə/ /ˈkæɹɪkətʃʊə/ /ˈkɛɹɪkət͡ʃɚ/ /ˈkɛɹɪkət͡ʃʊɚ/ v
karykaturować
To represent someone in an exaggerated or distorted manner.

caries /ˈkɛ.ɹiz/ /ˈkɛə.ɹiːz/ caries n
próchnica
The progressive destruction of bone or tooth by decay

carillon /kəˈrɪljən/ /ˈkɛɹɪˌlɑn/ carillons n
carillon karylion
(musical instrument) A set of bells, often in a bell tower, sometimes operated by means of a keyboard (manual or pedal), originating from the Low Countries.

carillonist carillonists n
osoba grająca na karylionie
One who plays the carillon.

caring /ˈkɛə.ɹɪŋ/ /ˈkɛɹ.ɪŋ/ more caring most caring adj
troskliwy
(of a person) Kind, sensitive, or empathetic.

carless adj
bezsamochodowy
Without a car.

carline thistle carline thistles n
dziewięćsił
Any of about 30 species of thistles in the genus Carlina and certain other closely related genera.

carman carmen n
wozak
(obsolete) A person who transported goods, usually with a horse and cart.

carmine adj
karminowy
Of the purplish red colour shade carmine.

carmine carmines n
karmin karminowy
A purplish-red colour, resembling that pigment.

carnage /ˈkɑɹ.nɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈkɑː.nɪdʒ/ carnages n
jatka rzeź
Death and destruction.

carnal /ˈkɑɹnəl/ more carnal most carnal adj
cielesny
Relating to the physical and especially sexual appetites.

carnation /kɑɹˈneɪ.ʃən/ /kɑːˈneɪ.ʃən/ carnations n
goździk
(botany) A type of Eurasian plant widely cultivated for its flowers.
The type of flower they bear, originally flesh-coloured, but since hybridizing found in a variety of colours.

carnauba carnaubas n
carnauba
A Brazilian palm tree having waxy, fan-shaped leaves and toothed leafstalks, Copernicia prunifera.
(uncountable) The hard wax obtained from the leaves of this plant and used especially in polishes.

carnelian /kɑɹˈnil.jən/ carnelians n
karneol heliotrop karniol krwawnik
(mineral) A hard, reddish brown chalcedony used in jewelry

carnet /ˈkɑː(ɹ).neɪ/ carnets n
karnet
A ticket book, a collection of tickets in the form of a booklet often sold at a discount to single tickets.

carnival /kɑɹnəˈvɑl/ /ˈkaːnɪvəl/ /ˈkɑɹnɪvəl/ /ˈkɑːnɪvəl/ [ˈkaːnɪvl̩] [ˈkɑɹnɪvl̩] [ˈkɑːnɪvl̩] carnivals n
karnawał
Any of a number of festivals held just before the beginning of Lent.
A festive occasion marked by parades and sometimes special foods and other entertainment.

carnivore /ˈkaː.nɪ.voː/ /ˈkɑɹ.nɪ.vɔɹ/ /ˈkɑː.nɪ.vɔː/ carnivores n
mięsożerca drapieżnik
An organism that feeds chiefly on animals; an animal that feeds on meat as the main part of its diet.

carnivorous /kaːˈnɪv.ə.ɹəs/ /kɑɹˈnɪv.ə.ɹəs/ /kɑːˈnɪv.ə.ɹəs/ more carnivorous most carnivorous adj
mięsożerny
Of, or relating to carnivores, or the taxonomic order Carnivora.
mięsożerny drapieżny
Predatory or flesh-eating.
owadożerny
(botany) Insectivorous: capable of trapping insects and absorbing nutrient from them.

carol /ˈkæɹəl/ carols n
carol kolęda
A ballad or song of joy.
kolęda
(specifically) A (usually traditional) religious or secular song sung at Christmastime.

carol /ˈkæɹəl/ v
kolędować
(intransitive) To sing carols; especially to sing Christmas carols in a group.

caroler carolers n
kolędnik

carolling carollings n
kolędowanie
A singing of carols.

carotene carotenes n
karoten
(organic chemistry) A class of tetraterpene plant pigments; they vary in colour from yellow, through orange to red, this colour originating in a chain of alternating single and double bonds.

carotenoid carotenoids n
karotenoid
(organic chemistry) Any of a class of yellow to red organic pigments including the carotenes and xanthophylls.

carotid artery carotid arteries n
tętnica szyjna
(anatomy) .

carouse /kəˈɹaʊz/ v
balować birbantować hulać
(intransitive) To engage in a noisy or drunken social gathering. [from 1550s]

carousel /ˈkæɹəsɛl/ /ˌkærəˈsɛl/ /ˌkærəˈzɛl/ carousels n
karuzela
A continuously revolving device for item delivery.

carouser carousers n
bibosz hulaka
A person who carouses; a reveller.

carp /ˈkɑɹp/ /ˈkɑːp/ carp carps n
karp
Any of various freshwater fish of the family Cyprinidae; specifically the common carp, Cyprinus carpio.

carp /ˈkɑɹp/ /ˈkɑːp/ v
utyskiwać
To criticize or complain about a fault, especially for frivolous or petty reasons; to cavil.

carp bream carp breams n
leszcz
A species of freshwater bream, Abramis brama.

carpaccio carpaccios n
capaccio

carpal tunnel carpal tunnels n
Kanał nadgarstka
(anatomy) A fibro-osseous passageway on the palmar side of the wrist that connects the distal forearm to the middle compartment of the deep plane of the palm.

carpe diem /ˌkɑɹ.peɪ ˈdi.əm/ /ˌkɑɹ.pi ˈdaɪ.ɛm/ /ˌkɑː.peɪ ˈdiː.əm/ /ˌkɑː.piː ˈdaɪ.ɛm/ proverb
chwytaj dzień
Enjoy the present, make the most of today, (common mistranslation) seize the day.

carpel /ˈkɑː(ɹ)pəl/ carpels n
słupek
(botany) A constituent part of a flower pistil - the individual female reproductive organs in a flower. A carpel is composed of an ovary, a style, and a stigma, although some flowers have carpels without a distinct style. In origin, carpels are leaves (megasporophylls) that have evolved to enclose the ovules. A pistil may be composed of a single carpel or of several carpels fused together.

carpenter /ˈkɑɹpəntɚ/, /ˈkɑɹpəndɚ/ /ˈkɑː.pən.tə/ carpenters n
stolarz cieśla stolarka
A person skilled at carpentry, the trade of cutting and joining timber in order to construct buildings or other structures.
(nautical) A senior rating in ships responsible for all the woodwork onboard; in the days of sail, a warrant officer responsible for the hull, masts, spars and boats of a ship, and whose responsibility was to sound the well to see if the ship was making water.
(zoology) A carpenter bee.

carpentry carpentries n
stolarstwo
(uncountable) The trade of cutting and joining timber in order to construct buildings or other structures; woodworking.

carpet /ˈkɑɹpət/ /ˈkɑː(ɹ)pɪt/ carpets n
dywan kobierzec
A fabric used as a complete floor covering.

carpet beater /ˌkɑːpɪtˈbiːtə/ carpet beaters n
trzepaczka trzepaczka do dywanów
A tool for beating dust out of carpets, cushions, etc., used in housecleaning before the invention of the vacuum cleaner.

carpet bombing carpet bombings n
nalot dywanowy
Large area bombardment done in a progressive manner to inflict damage in every part of a selected area of land.

carpet shark carpet sharks n
dywanokształtne rekiny dywanowe
A shark of the order Orectolobiformes.

carpetbagger /ˈkɑɹpɪtˌbæɡɚ/ /ˈkɑːpɪtˌbaɡə/ carpetbaggers n
spadochroniarz
(pejorative, by extension) One who comes to a place or organisation with which they have no previous connection with the sole or primary aim of personal gain, especially political or financial gain.

carport /kɑː(ɹ).pɔːt/ carports n
podjazd wiata zadaszenie
A roofed structure for automobile storage, usually attached to a house and not fully enclosed like a garage but with at least one side open to the outdoors. [from 1936]

carrack carracks n
karaka
(historical) A large European sailing vessel of the 14th to 17th centuries similar to a caravel but square-rigged on the foremast and mainmast and lateen-rigged on the mizzenmast.

carrageenan /ˌkæɹəˈɡiːnən/ /ˌkɛɹəˈɡinən/ carrageenans n
karagen
A food additive made from a purified extract of red seaweed, commonly used as a thickening agent.

carriage /ˈkæɹɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈkɛɹɪd͡ʒ/ carriages n
kareta powóz
A (mostly four-wheeled) lighter vehicle chiefly designed to transport people, generally drawn by horse power.
karetka
The part of a typewriter supporting the paper.

carriage house carriage houses n
powozownia wozownia
A building for keeping a horse and carriage when not in use, separate from the house.

carriageway carriageways n
jezdnia
(UK, Ireland, Hong Kong) The part of a road that carries traffic.

carried away more carried away most carried away adj
dawać się ponieść dać się ponieść
(idiomatic) Made excessively emotional or excited, so that one goes too far.

carrier /ˈkæ.ɹɪ.ə/ /ˈkæ.ɹɪ.ɚ/ /ˈkɛ-/ carriers n
nośnik
A person or object that carries someone or something else.
A signal such as radio, sound, or light that is modulated to transmit information.
nosiciel nosicielka
(genetics, pathology) A person or other organism that has a genetic trait, mutation or infection liable to cause a disease, but displays no symptoms.

carrier bag carrier bags n
reklamówka
(UK) A bag made of thin polythene or paper, generally used for carrying groceries or other purchased items.

carrier pigeon carrier pigeons n
gołąb pocztowy
A domestic pigeon which transports attached messages or very small parcels from the place where it is released to a familiar destination.

carrier wave /ˈkæ.ɹɪ.ə weɪv/ /ˈkæ.ɹɪ.ɚ weɪv/ /ˈkɛ-/ carrier waves n
fala nośna częstotliwość nośna
(physics) A wave that can be modulated, either in amplitude, frequency, or phase, to carry or transmit images, music, speech, or other signals.

carrion /ˈkæ.ɹi.ən/ /ˈkæɹ.ən/ carrions n
padlina
(mostly, uncountable) Dead flesh; carcasses.

carrion crow carrion crows n
czarnowron wrona czarna wroniec
The common European black crow Corvus corone.
sępnik czarny
The American black vulture Coragyps atratus.

carrot /ˈkæɹ.ət/ /ˈkɛɹ.ət/ carrots n
marchewka marchew
A vegetable with a nutritious, juicy, sweet root that is often orange in colour, Daucus carota, especially the subspecies sativus in the family Apiaceae.

carrot and stick carrots and sticks n
kij i marchewka
(idiomatic) The simultaneous rewarding of good behavior and punishing of bad behavior.

carroty more carroty most carroty adj
marchewkowy
Resembling carrots in colour, taste, etc.
marchewkowy marchwiowy
Containing carrots; made of carrots.

carry /ˈkeɹ.i/ /ˈkæɹ.i/ /ˈkæɹ.ɪ/ /ˈkɛɹ.i/ v
nosić nieść wieźć wozić
(transitive) To lift (something) and take it to another place; to transport (something) by lifting.

carry away v
ponosić
(transitive) To take possession of the mind of; to charm, transport, or delude.

carry coals to Newcastle v
wozić drewno do lasu
(idiomatic) To do something that is unneeded or redundant.

carry one's weight v
przykładać się przyłożyć się
(idiomatic) To contribute or produce one's fair share, as of work, money, etc.

carry oneself v
nosić
(idiomatic) To behave, especially with respect to how one's speech, body language, facial expressions, and grooming convey one's opinion concerning oneself.

carry out v
wynieść wynosić
(transitive) To hold while moving it out.
wykonywać wykonać
(transitive) To execute or perform; to put into operation; to do.

carry water for v
służyć

carry-on carry-ons n
bagaż podręczny
That luggage or baggage which is taken onto an airplane (or a ferry, etc.) with a passenger, rather than checked.

carrying pole carrying poles n
koromysło
A yoke of wood or bamboo, used by people to carry a load.

carsickness /ˈkɑː(ɹ)ˌsɪk.nəs/ n
choroba lokomocyjna
Motion sickness caused by riding in a motor car.

cart /kɑɹt/ /kɑːt/ carts n
wóz wózek fura
A small, open, wheeled vehicle, drawn or pushed by a person or animal, more often used for transporting goods than passengers.

carte blanche /kɑɹtˈblɑnʃ/ cartes blanches n
carte blanche
Unlimited discretionary power to act; unrestricted authority.

cartel /kɑɹˈtɛl/ /kɑːˈtɛl/ cartels n
kartel
(economics) A group of businesses or nations that collude to limit competition within an industry or market.
(historical, legal) An official agreement concerning the exchange of prisoners.

cartilage /ˈkɑɹ.təl.ɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈkɑɹt.lɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈkɑː.tɪl.ɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈkɑːt.lɪd͡ʒ/ cartilages n
chrząstka
(skeleton, uncountable) A usually translucent and somewhat elastic, dense, nonvascular connective tissue found in various forms in the larynx and respiratory tract, in structures such as the external ear, and in the articulating surfaces of joints. It composes most of the skeleton of vertebrate embryos, being replaced by bone during ossification in the higher vertebrates.

cartographer cartographers n
kartograf
One who makes maps or charts.

cartographic /ˌkɑɹ.təˈɡɹæf.ɪk/ /ˌkɑː.təʊˈɡɹæf.ɪk/ adj
kartograficzny
Of or pertaining to the making of maps.

cartography /kɐɹˈtɒɡɹəfi/ /kɐː(ɹ)ˈtɔɡɹɘfɪi̯/ /kɐː(ɹ)ˈtɔɡɹəfɪi̯/ /kɑɹˈtɑɡɹəfi/ /kɑːˈtɒɡɹəfi/ cartographies n
kartografia
(uncountable) The creation of charts and maps based on the layout of a territory's geography. [from 19th c.]

cartomancy n
kartomancja
Fortune-telling using cards, as in tarot and Lenormand.

carton /ˈkɑɹtn̩/ /ˈkɑːtn̩/ /ˈkɑːtən/ [ˈkʰɑɹʔn̩] cartons n
blok
A pack of cigarettes, usually ten, wrapped in cellophane or packed in a light cardboard box.

cartoon /kɑɹˈtuːn/ /kɑːˈtuːn/ cartoons n
historyjka komiks obrazkowa
(comics) A humorous drawing, often with a caption, or a strip of such drawings.
karykatura
(comics) A drawing satirising current public figures.
szkic
(arts) An artist's preliminary sketch.
film rysunkowy kreskówka film animowany
(animation) An animated piece of film which is often but not exclusively humorous.

cartoonish more cartoonish most cartoonish adj
kreskówkowy

cartoonist cartoonists n
karykaturzysta karykaturzystka rysowniczka komiksiarz kreskówkarz rysownik
(comics) One who creates a cartoon or strip cartoon.

cartouche /kɑɹˈtuʃ/ /kɑːˈtuːʃ/ cartouches n
kartusz
(architectural element) An ornamental figure, often on an oval shield.

cartridge /ˈkɑɹtɹɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈkɑːtɹɪdʒ/ cartridges n
nabój
(firearms) The package consisting of the bullet, primer, and casing containing gunpowder; a round of ammunition.
kartridż kartusz kaseta drukująca pojemnik z tuszem wkład drukujący
(computing) A vessel which contains the ink or toner for a computer printer and can be easily replaced with another.

cartridge box cartridge boxes n
patrontasz ładownica
The case in which a soldier carries cartridges.

cartulary /ˈkɑːtjuləɹɪ/ cartularies n
kartulariusz kopiarz kopiariusz kopiał
A collection of original documents bound in one volume.

cartwheel /ˈkɑɹtˌwil/ /ˈkɑːtˌwiːl/ cartwheels n
gwiazda
A gymnastic maneuver whereby the gymnast rotates to one side or the other while keeping arms and legs outstretched, spinning for one or more revolutions.

carve /kɑɹv/ /kɑːv/ v
ryć
To shape to sculptural effect; to produce (a work) by cutting, or to cut (a material) into a finished work, especially with cuts that are curved rather than only straight slices.
To lay out; to contrive; to design; to plan.

carving knife carving knives n
nóż do krojenia mięsa
A large knife designed for cutting cooked turkey and similar dishes.

caryatid /ˌkæɹiˈætɪd/ /ˌkɛəɹiˈætɪd/ caryatides caryatids n
kariatyda
A sculpted female figure serving as an architectural support taking the place of a column or a pillar supporting an entablature on her head.

caryopsis caryopses caryopsides n
ziarniak
(botany) A type of fruit in which the fruit skin is stuck to the seed coat; especially the grain of a cereal.

cascade /kæsˈkeɪd/ cascades n
kaskada
A waterfall or series of small waterfalls.
A series of electrical (or other types of) components, the output of any one being connected to the input of the next.

cascade /kæsˈkeɪd/ v
kaskadować
(transitive) To arrange in a stepped series like a waterfall.

case /keɪs/ cases n
przypadek wypadek
An actual event, situation, or fact.
skrzynia
A box that contains or can contain a number of identical items of manufacture.
wypadek
(academia) An instance or event as a topic of study.
sprawa postępowanie proces
(legal) A legal proceeding; a lawsuit or prosecution.

case closed phraseologicalUnit
sprawa zamknięta
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see A case is closed; specifically, a police investigation or similar is resolved.

case insensitive adj
nierozróżniający wielkości liter
(computer science) Treating or interpreting upper- and lowercase letters as being the same.

case law case laws n
prawo precedensowe
Law developed by judges through court decisions and opinions, as distinct from statute and other legislation.

case sensitive more case sensitive most case sensitive adj
rozróżniający wielkość liter
(computer science) Distinguishing upper- and lower-case letters. Often used in computer science to indicate a distinction is made in comparison or equality of letters based on case. For example, a case-sensitive password will not recognize "Password" and "password" as the same, but a case insensitive comparison would.

case study case studies n
studium przypadku
(uncountable) Research performed in detail on a single individual, group, incident or community, as opposed to, for instance, a sample of the whole population.

caseate v
serowacieć zserowacieć
(intransitive, medicine) To undergo necrotic degeneration into a cheese-like state.

casein /ˈkeɪ.siː.ɪn/ caseins n
kazeina
(protein) A protein present in both milk and in the seeds of leguminous plants

casemate casemates n
kazamata
(military) A bombproof chamber, usually of masonry, in which cannon may be placed, to be fired through embrasures; or one capable of being used as a magazine, or for quartering troops.

cash /kæʃ/ cashes n
gotówka pieniądze
(uncountable) Money in the form of notes/bills and coins, as opposed to cheques/checks or electronic transactions.

cash /kæʃ/ v
zrealizować
(transitive) To exchange (a check/cheque) for money in the form of notes/bills.

cash cow cash cows n
dojna krowa żyła złota
(business) A product, service, or enterprise that generates ongoing, high net free cash flows.
(by extension) Someone or something which is a dependable source of appreciable amounts of money.

cash desk cash desks n
kasa
A place in a restaurant, bar, or shop etc, typically containing a cash register, where a customer can pay the bill.

cash flow cash flows n
przepływy pieniężne
(accounting) The sum of cash revenues and expenditures over a period of time.

cash on delivery n
płatność przy odbiorze
A kind of transaction in which goods are paid for in full in cash or by certified check only once they are received by the buyer.

cash register cash registers n
kasa kasa fiskalna
A machine that tabulates the amount of sales transactions, makes a permanent and cumulative record of them, and has a drawer in which cash can be kept.

cashbook cashbooks n
księga kasowa
A book used to record amounts of money received or paid out.

cashew /kəˈʃuː/ /ˈkæʃjuː/ /ˈkæʃuː/ cashews n
nerkowiec
A tree, Anacardium occidentale, native to northeastern Brazil, now widely grown in tropical climates for its cashew nuts and cashew apples.

cashew nut cashew nuts n
orzech nerkowca
The seed of the cashew tree, often viewed as a nut in the culinary sense.

cashier /kaˈʃɪə/ /ˈkaʃɪə/ cashiers n
kasjer kasjerka
One who works at a till or receives payments.

cashless more cashless most cashless adj
bezgotówkowy
Operating without the need for cash.

cashlessly adv
bezgotówkowo

cashmere /kæʃˈmiɹ/ /kæʃˈmɪə/ /kæʒˈmiɹ/ /ˈkæʃ.miɹ/ /ˈkæʃ.mɪə/ /ˈkæʒ.miɹ/ cashmeres n
kaszmir
(mostly, uncountable) Fine, downy wool from beneath the outer hair of the Cashmere goat.
(mostly, uncountable) A soft fabric made of this wool.

casino /kæˈsinoʊ/ /kəˈsinoʊ/ casini casinoes casinos n
kasyno
A public building or room for gambling.

cask /kæsk/ /kɑːsk/ casks n
baryłka antał antałek beczułka
A large barrel for the storage of liquid, especially of alcoholic drinks.

casket /ˈkæs.kɪt/ /ˈkɑː.skɪt/ caskets n
szkatułka
A little box, e.g. for jewellery.
urna
(Britain) An urn.

cassation /kæˈseɪʃən/ cassations n
kasacja
The abrogation of a law by a higher authority; annulment.

casserole /ˈkæs.əˌɹoʊl/ casseroles n
naczynie żaroodporne
(countable) A dish of glass or earthenware, with a lid, in which food is baked and sometimes served.
zapiekanka
Food, such as a stew, cooked in such a dish.

cassette /kæˈsɛt/ /kəˈsɛt/ cassettes n
kaseta
A small flat case containing magnetic tape on two reels, used to record and play back audio and video material.
(cycling) A set of sprockets mounted onto a splined shaft on the freehub.

cassette recorder cassette recorders n
kasetofon magnetofon kasetowy
A tape recorder that records on cassette tapes

cassette tape cassette tapes n
taśma magnetofonowa
A magnetic tape in a cassette, used to record and play audio or video.

cassock /ˈkasək/ /ˈkæsək/ cassocks n
sutanna
An item of clerical clothing: a long, sheath-like, close-fitting, ankle-length robe worn by clergy members of some Christian denominations. [from 17th c.]

cassowary /ˈkæs.ə.ˌwɛɹ.i/ cassowaries n
kazuar
A large flightless bird of the genus Casuarius that is native to Australia and New Guinea, has a characteristic bony crest on its head, and can be very dangerous.

cast /kast/ /kæst/ /kɑːst/ casts n
obsada
The collective group of actors performing a play or production together. Contrasted with crew.

cast /kast/ /kæst/ /kɑːst/ v
linieć ronić uronić wylinieć zrzucać zrzucić
(of an animal) To throw off (the skin) as a process of growth; to shed the hair or fur of the coat. [from 15th c.]
ciskać cisnąć miotać
To turn (the balance or scale); to overbalance; hence, to make preponderate; to decide.
obsadzać obsadzić
(transitive) To assign a role in a play or performance to (an actor).
rzucać rzucić
To perform, bring forth (a magical spell or enchantment).
To throw (light etc.) on or upon something, or in a given direction.
poronić ronić
(archaic) To give birth to (a child) prematurely; to miscarry. [from 15th c.]
odlewać formować odlać uformować ulać ulewać
To shape (molten metal etc.) by pouring into a mould; to make (an object) in such a way. [from 15th c.]
zarzucać zarzucić
(nautical) To bring the bows of a sailing ship on to the required tack just as the anchor is weighed by use of the headsail; to bring (a ship) round. [from 18th c.]

cast a chill v
mrozić zmrozić
(idiom) To provoke an uneasy feeling which stops a conversation, as by an uncalled act or word.

cast away v
wyrzucać
To discard.

cast iron more cast iron most cast iron adj
żeliwny
(not comparable) Made of cast iron.

cast iron cast irons n
żeliwo
A hard and brittle, but strong, alloy of iron, carbon, and silicon, formed by casting in a mould.

cast pearls before swine v
rzucać perły przed wieprze

castable more castable most castable adj
rzutowalny
(engineering) Capable of being cast, as in a mould.
(programming) Capable of being cast to another data type.

castanet /ˌkæs.tə.ˈnɛt/ castanets n
kastaniety
(musical instruments, chiefly, in the plural) A single handheld percussion instrument consisting of a pair of concave shells or shell-shaped parts joined on one edge by string.

castaway /ˈkæs.tə.weɪ/ /ˈkæstəweɪ/ /ˈkɑːstəweɪ/ castaways n
rozbitek
(nautical) A shipwrecked sailor.
wyrzutek
An outcast; someone cast out of a group or society.

caste /kæst/ /kɑːst/ castes n
kasta
Any of the hereditary social classes and subclasses of South Asian societies.

casteless /ˈkæstləs/ adj
bezkastowy
Without caste.

castellan /ˈkæstələn/ /ˈkæstɪlən/ castellans n
kasztelan
(chiefly, _, historical) The governor or caretaker entrusted to oversee a castle or keep for its lord.

caster /ˈkæstə(ɹ)/ /ˈkæstɚ/ /ˈkɑːstə(ɹ)/ casters n
pieprzniczka solniczka
A shaker with a perforated top for sprinkling condiments such as sugar, salt, pepper, etc.
koło kastora
(automotive) The angle of the axis around which a car's front wheels rotate when the steering wheel is turned, with a vertical axis being defined as zero caster.

castigate /ˈkæs.tə.ɡeɪt/ /ˈkæs.tɪ.ɡeɪt/ v
karcić krytykować piętnować potępiać strofować
(transitive, formal) To punish or reprimand someone severely.
krytykować piętnować potępiać
(transitive, formal) To execrate or condemn something in a harsh manner, especially by public criticism.
korygować poprawić
(transitive, rare) To revise or make corrections to a publication.

casting /ˈkastɪŋ/ /ˈkæstɪŋ/ /ˈkɑːstɪŋ/ /ˈkɛəstɪŋ/ castings n
casting
The act or process of selecting actors, singers, dancers, models, etc.
(hunting) Of hounds, the act of spreading out and searching for a scent.

castle /kæsl̩/ /kɑːsl̩/ /ˈkæsəl/ /ˈkɑːsəl/ castles n
zamek
A large residential building or compound that is fortified and contains many defences; in previous ages often inhabited by a nobleman or king. Also, a house or mansion with some of the architectural features of medieval castles.

castle /kæsl̩/ /kɑːsl̩/ /ˈkæsəl/ /ˈkɑːsəl/ v
wieża
(usually, _, intransitive, shogi) To create a similar defensive position in Japanese chess through several moves.

castling /ˈkæsəlɪŋ/ /ˈkɑːsəlɪŋ/ castlings n
roszada
(chess) A move in which the king moves two squares towards a rook, and the rook moves to the other side of the king; the action of the verb to castle.

castor bean tick castor bean ticks n
kleszcz pastwiskowy kleszcz pospolity kleszcz psi
The tick Ixodes ricinus.

castor oil /ˈkæ.stɚ ˌɔɪl/ /ˈkɑː.stə ˌɔɪl/ castor oils n
olej rycynowy

castor oil plant castor oil plants n
rącznik pospolity
A plant of the species Ricinus communis, used in the production of castor oil and of the poison ricin.

castoreum castoreums n
kastoreum strój bobrowy
The bitter exudate of the castor sacs of mature beavers.

castrate /kæsˈtɹeɪt/ /ˈkæs.tɹeɪt/ v
kastrować wykastrować
(transitive) To remove the testicles of a person or animal.

castration /kæˈstɹeɪʃən/ castrations n
kastracja
(surgery) The act of removing the testicles.

castrato /kæsˈtɹɑː.təʊ/ castrati castratos n
kastrat eunuch rzezaniec trzebieniec
A male who has been castrated, especially a male whose testicles have been removed before puberty in order to retain his boyish voice.
kastrat
A male soprano or alto voice produced by castration of the treble singer before puberty, intended to conserve his voice; the singer.

casual /-uːæl/ /ˈkazjuːəl/ /ˈkaʒ(uː)əl/ /ˈkaʒjuːəl/ /ˈkæʒ(u)əl/ /ˈkæʒwəl/ /ˈkɛʒ(ʉː)əl/ more casual most casual adj
doraźny dorywczy
Happening by chance.
przypadkowy
Coming without regularity; occasional or incidental.
sezonowy
Employed irregularly.
niedbały
Careless.
codzienny
(of clothing or utensils) Designed for informal or everyday use.

casualty /ˈkaʒjʊəlti/ /ˈkæʒjʊəlti/ casualties n
izba przyjęć
ofiary straty
Something that happens by chance, especially an unfortunate event; an accident, a disaster.
ofiara poszkodowany
(military) A person in military service who becomes unavailable for duty, for any reason (notably death, injury, illness, capture, or desertion).

casuistic /ˌkæzjuˈɪstɪk/ /ˌkæʒuˈɪstɪk/ more casuistic most casuistic adj
kazuistyczny
Relating to casuistry (attempts to solve moral dilemmas by applying general rules).

casuistically more casuistically most casuistically adv
kazuistycznie
(manner) Using casuistry or casuistics.
(domain) From the perspective of casuistics or casuistry.

casuistry /ˈkæzjuːɪstɹi/ /ˈkæʒjuːɪstɹi/ /ˈkæʒuːəstɹi/ /ˈkæʒuːɪstɹi/ casuistries n
kazuistyka
The process of answering practical questions via interpretation of rules, or of cases that illustrate such rules, especially in ethics; case-based reasoning.

casus belli /- ˈbɛl.i/ /ˈkeɪ.suːs ˈbɛl.aɪ/ /ˈkeɪ.səs ˈbɛl.aɪ/ casus belli casus bellis n
casus belli
An act seen as justifying or causing a war; an act of war.

cat /kat/ /kæt/ [kʰæt] [kʰæt̚] cats n
kot
An animal of the family Felidae:
Any similar animal of the family Felidae, which includes lions, tigers, bobcats, leopards, cougars, cheetahs, caracals, lynxes, and other such non-domesticated species.
kot kotka kocur kocica kotek
A domesticated species (Felis catus) of feline animal, commonly kept as a house pet. [from 8thc.]

cat /kat/ /kæt/ [kʰæt] [kʰæt̚] v
wymiotować
(slang) To vomit.

cat and dog life cat and dog lives n
życie jak pies z kotem
An unhappy married life marked by arguments and disagreements.

cat and mouse n
bawić się w kotka i myszkę
A relationship in which two parties closely monitor and challenge one another in a suspicious or self-protective manner, often because each party is attempting to gain an advantage over the other.

cat flap cat flaps n
klapka
Small hinged panel, usually cut into a door, with an opening just big enough for a cat to enter.

cat food cat foods n
kotów
A type of food specially formulated for the feeding of cats, typically composed of processed grain and meat byproducts as dry food or canned fish or meat as wet food.

cat got someone's tongue phraseologicalUnit
zaniemówić zapomnieć języka w gębie
(idiomatic, humorous) Why is someone not saying anything?

cat meat n
kocie mięso kocina
Cat eaten as meat.

cat thyme cat thymes n
ożanka
A low-growing herb, Teucrium marum, related to germander, which has a pungent scent that causes sneezing, but is attractive to cats.

cat's claw cat's claws n
czepota puszysta
Uncaria tomentosa, a plant species found in the tropical jungles of South and Central America
wibudłak
Martynia annua (small-fruit devil's-claw, tiger's-claw, iceplant), a plant species endemic to Brazil

cat's ear n
prosienicznik

cat-eyed adj
mający kocie oczy

cat-o'-nine-tails cats-o'-nine-tails n
kańczug
(nautical) A scourge (multi-tail whip) having nine, often knotted, whipcords, formerly used for flogging as naval punishment.

catabolism /kəˈtæbəlɪzm/ catabolisms n
katabolizm
(biochemistry) Destructive (lytic) metabolism or metabolization, usually including the release of energy and breakdown of materials.

cataclysm /ˈkætəˌklɪzm̩/ cataclysms n
kataklizm
A sudden, violent event.

catacomb /ˈkætəkoʊm/ /ˈkætəkuːm/ /ˈkætəkəʊm/ catacombs n
katakumby katakumb katakumba
(often plural) An underground system of tunnels and chambers with recesses for graves, used (in former times) as a cemetery; a tunnel system used for burying the dead, as in Paris or Ancient Rome.

catadromous more catadromous most catadromous adj
katadromiczny
(ichthyology, of a migratory fish) Living in fresh water as an adult, but breeding in the sea.

catafalque /ˈkatəfalk/ catafalques n
katafalk
A platform used to display or convey a coffin during a funeral, often ornate.

catalectic adj
katalektyczny
(poetry) (said of a line with incomplete meter) lacking a syllable at the end or ending with an incomplete foot.

catalectic catalectics n
kataleksa

catalepsy catalepsies n
katalepsja
(pathology) A severe bodily condition, described in psychiatric pathology, marked by sudden rigidity, fixation of posture, and loss of contact with environmental conditions.

cataleptic cataleptics n
kataleptyczny
A person experiencing catalepsy.

catalogue /ˈkæt.əˌlɑɡ/ /ˈkæt.əˌlɒɡ/ /ˈkæt.əˌlɔɡ/ catalogues n
katalog
A systematic list of books, names, pictures, etc.
A list of all the publications in a library; a library catalogue.

catalysis /kəˈtæləsɪs/ catalyses n
kataliza
(chemistry) The increase of the rate of a chemical reaction, induced by a catalyst.

catalyst /ˈkæt.ə.lɪst/ /ˈkæt.əl.ɪst/ catalysts n
katalizator
(chemistry) A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.
(figurative) Something that encourages progress or change.

catalytic /ˌkætəˈlɪtɪk/ more catalytic most catalytic adj
katalityczny
(chemistry) Of or relating to a catalyst; having properties facilitating chemical reaction or change.

catalytic converter catalytic converters n
katalizator
(automotive) A chamber containing a finely divided platinum catalyst in which carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons from vehicle exhaust are oxidized to carbon dioxide.

catalytically adv
katalitycznie
In terms of, or by means of, catalysis.

catalyze /ˈkætəˌlaɪz/ v
katalizować
(transitive) To bring about the catalysis of a chemical reaction.
(transitive) To accelerate a process.

catamaran /ˈkæ.tə.məˌɹæn/ /ˌkæ.tə.məˈɹæn/ catamarans n
katamaran dwukadłubowiec
A twin-hulled ship or boat.

cataphract /ˈkætəfɹækt/ /ˈkætəˌfɹækt/ [ˈkæɾə-] cataphracts n
katafrakt
(military, historical) A soldier (especially a horseman) covered with a cataphract (etymology 1, sense 1).

catapult /ˈkæ.tə.pʌlt/ catapults n
katapulta
A device or weapon for throwing or launching large objects.

catapult /ˈkæ.tə.pʌlt/ v
katapultować
(transitive) To fire a missile from a catapult.
(intransitive) To be fired from a catapult or as if from a catapult.

cataract /ˈkætəɹækt/ cataracts n
bielmo blachmal zaćma
(pathology) A clouding of the lens in the eye leading to a decrease in vision.

cataractal adj
bielmowy

catarrh /kəˈtɑɹ/ catarrhs n
katar nieżyt
(pathology) Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose and throat.

catastrophe /kəˈtæstɹəfi/ catastrophes n
katastrofa
Any large and disastrous event of great significance.

catastrophic /kætəˈstɹɒfɪk/ more catastrophic most catastrophic adj
katastrofalny
Of or pertaining to a catastrophe.
Disastrous; ruinous.

catastrophically more catastrophically most catastrophically adv
katastrofalnie
In a catastrophic manner, or to a catastrophic extent; disastrously.

catatonia /kætəˈtoʊniə/ catatonias n
katatonia
A severe psychiatric condition, often associated with schizophrenia, characterized by a tendency to remain in a rigid state of stupor for long periods which give way to short periods of extreme agitation.

catboat catboats n
ket
A sailing boat with a single sail, usually rigged on a gaff spar, used for fishing in New England and later adapted for racing and cruising. It has a single mast set near to the bow and a long boom which may extend over the stern.

catch /kæt͡ʃ/ /kɑt͡ʃ/ /kɛt͡ʃ/ catches n
haczyk
(countable, sometimes, _, noun adjunct) A concealed difficulty, especially in a deal or negotiation.

catch /kæt͡ʃ/ /kɑt͡ʃ/ /kɛt͡ʃ/ v
załapać się zdążyć
(transitive) To overtake or catch up to; to be in time for. [from 17thc.]
łapać schwytać złapać
(transitive) To capture or snare (someone or something which would rather escape). [from 13thc.]
przechwycać przechwycić
(transitive, computing) To handle an exception. [from 20thc.]
chwytać chwycić złapać łapać
(transitive) To seize or intercept an object moving through the air (or, sometimes, some other medium). [from 16thc.]
dostrzec dostrzegać ogarniać ogarnąć
(transitive) To grasp mentally: perceive and understand. [from 16thc.]

catch a cold v
przeziębiać przeziębić
(idiomatic) To contract a cold.

catch of the day catches of the day n
partia
(idiomatic) A person who is a popular or desirable choice to be a partner in a prospective marital or romantic relationship.

catch one's breath v
zaczerpnąć tchu
to take a break, or rest while doing a strenuous activity, so that one's breathing becomes easier

catch one's death v
zamarzać na śmierć zamarznąć na śmierć

catch out v
przyłapać
(transitive) To discover or expose as fake, insincere, or inaccurate.

catch red-handed v
złapać na gorącym uczynku łapać na gorącym uczynku
(transitive) To discover or capture someone in the act of committing a crime.

catch someone's drift v
kapować

catch the eye v
rzucać się w oczy rzucić się w oczy

catch up v
dogonić nadgonić
(ambitransitive) To reach something that had been ahead.

catch-all catch-alls n
wytrych
Any place or repository where things are placed indiscriminately or without careful thought.

catchphrase catchphrases n
powiedzonko
A repeated expression, often originating in popular culture.

catchy /ˈkæt͡ʃi/ /ˈkɛt͡ʃi/ catchier catchiest adj
chwytliwy
(of a tune or phrase) Instantly appealing and memorable.

catechesis catecheses n
katecheza
Religious instruction given orally to catechumens.

catechism /ˈkætɪˌkɪzəm/ catechisms n
katechizm
A book, in question and answer form, summarizing the basic principles of Christianity.

catechist catechists n
katecheta katechetka

catechistic more catechistic most catechistic adj
katechetyczny

catecholamine /katəˈkɒləmiːn/ /katəˈkəʊləmiːn/ catecholamines n
katecholamina
(biochemistry) Any of a class of aromatic amines derived from pyrocatechol that are hormones produced by the adrenal gland.

catechumen /ˌkæt.əˈkju.mən/ /ˌkæt.ɪˈkjuː.mɛn/ catechumens n
katechumen katechumenka
A convert to Christianity under instruction before baptism; a young or recent Christian preparing for confirmation.

categorical /ˌkætəˈɡɔɹɪk(ə)l/ more categorical most categorical adj
kategoryczny
Absolute; having no exception.

categorically /kæt.əˈɡɒ.ɹɪk.(ə.)li/ more categorically most categorically adv
kategorycznie
In a categorical manner.

categorization categorizations n
kategoryzacja klasyfikacja
The process of sorting or arranging things into categories or classes.

category /ˈkætəˌɡɔɹi/ /ˈkætɪɡ(ə)ɹi/ /ˈkɛtɘɡ(ɘ)ɹi/ /ˈkɛtɘˌɡoːɹi/ categories n
kategoria
A group, often named or numbered, to which items are assigned based on similarity or defined criteria.
(mathematics) A collection of objects, together with a transitively closed collection of composable arrows between them, such that every object has an identity arrow, and such that arrow composition is associative.

catenoid catenoids n
katenoida
(geometry) A three-dimensional surface formed by rotation of a catenary

cater /ˈkatə/ /ˈkeɪtə/ /ˈkeɪtəɹ/ caters n
kwadr kwater
(cards, dice, obsolete) The four of cards or dice.

catering /ˈkeɪ.tə.ɹɪŋ/ /ˈkeɪ.tɚ.ɪŋ/ /ˈkeɪt(ə)ɹɪŋ/ [ˈkeɪ.ɾɚ.ɪŋ] caterings n
catering katering
(uncountable, UK, Philippines) The business of providing food and related services; foodservice.

caterpillar /ˈkætəˌpɪlə/ /ˈkætəˌpɪlɚ/ /ˈkætɚˌpɪlɚ/ caterpillars n
gąsienica licha liszka
The larva of a butterfly or moth; leafworm.
(maths) A set of subtrees of a tree.
pojazd gąsienicowy
A vehicle with a caterpillar track; a crawler.

caterpillar track caterpillar tracks n
gąsienica
A continuous track in the form of a steel or rubber belt fitted instead of wheels to crawlers, bulldozers, excavators, loaders, backhoes, tanks and similar off-road vehicles.

catfight catfights n
bójka pomiędzy kobietami
(slang) A fight or bickering, especially between women.

catfish catfish catfishes n
sum
The meat of such a fish, popular in the Southern U.S. and Central Europe.

catgirl catgirls n
dziewczyna-kot
(chiefly, Japanese and Japanese-influenced fiction) A female fictional character who has a cat's ears, tail, or other feline characteristics on an otherwise humanoid body.

catgut /ˈkætˌɡʌt/ catguts n
catgut katgut ketgut
(uncountable) The material from which such cords are made.

catharsis /kəˈθɑɹˌsɪs/ /kəˈθɑːsɪs/ catharses n
katharsis
(drama) A release of emotional tension after an overwhelming vicarious experience, resulting in the purging or purification of the emotions, as through watching a dramatic production (especially a tragedy).
Any release of emotional tension to the same effect, more widely.
(psychology) A therapeutic technique to relieve tension by re-establishing the association of an emotion with the memory or idea of the event that first caused it, and then eliminating it by complete expression (called the abreaction).

cathedral /kəˈθiː.dɹəl/ cathedrals n
katedra
The principal church of an archbishop's/bishop's archdiocese/diocese which contains an episcopal throne.
(loosely or informally) A large or important church building.

catheter /ˈkæθɪtə(ɹ)/ /ˈkæθɪtɚ/ catheters n
cewnik kateter
(medicine) A small tube inserted into a body cavity to administer a drug, create an opening, distend a passageway, or remove fluid.

cathetus /kəˈθɪ.təs/ /ˈkæ.θɪ.təs/ catheti cathetuses n
przyprostokątna
(geometry) A line perpendicular to a surface (or line); in particular, either of the sides of a right triangle other than its hypotenuse.

cathexis /kəˈθɛk sɪs/ cathexes n
kateksja
(psychoanalysis) The concentration of libido or emotional energy on a single object or idea.

cathode /ˈkæθ.oʊd/ cathodes n
katoda
(electricity) An electrode, of a cell or other electrically polarized device, through which a positive current of electricity flows outwards (and thus, electrons flow inwards). It can have either a negative or a positive voltage with respect to anode of the same polarized device (depending on whether the device is a load or a source, respectively).

cathodic adj
katodowy
(physics) Of or pertaining to a cathode.

catholicos /kəˈθɒlɪkəs/ catholicoi catholicoses n
katolikos
(Christianity) A high-ranking bishop or patriarch in certain Eastern Christian traditions.

cation /ˈkætˌaɪ.ɑn/ /ˈkætˌaɪ.ən/ cations n
kation

catkin catkins n
bazia kotka
(botany) A type of inflorescence, consisting of an axis with many unisexual apetalous flowers along its sides, as in the willow and poplar.

catnip /ˈkætnɪp/ catnips n
kocimiętka
Any of the about 250 species of flowering plant of the genus Nepeta, family Lamiaceae, certain of which are said to have medicinal qualities.
kocimiętka właściwa
Nepeta cataria and Nepeta grandiflora (and perhaps other species), which are well-known for causing an apparently harmless pheromone-based intoxication among certain cats.

catoblepas /-bliː-/ /-blɛ-/ /-pæs/ /-tə-/ /kæ-/ /kəˈtɒblɪpəs/ /ˈkætoʊblɪpəs/ /ˌkætoʊˈbliːpəs/ /ˌkætoʊˈblɛpəs/ catoblepae catoblepones n
katoblepas
A legendary creature from Ethiopia, said to have the body of a Cape buffalo, scales on its back, and the head of a wild boar, which always points downward because of its weight.

catperson catpeople n
kociarz
(fiction) An anthropomorphic feline, or an individual who has characteristics of a cat on an otherwise human body, such as cat ears and a cat tail.

cattail /ˈkæt.teɪl/ cattails n
pałka
Any of several perennial herbs, of the genus Typha, that have long flat leaves, and grow in marshy places.

cattle /ˈkætəl/ [ˈkʰæt(ə)ɫ] [ˈkʰæɾ(ə)ɫ] n
bydło
(pejorative, figuratively) People who resemble domesticated bovine animals in behavior or destiny.

catwalk catwalks n
kładka
(fashion) A narrow elevated stage on which models parade.

caudal /ˈkɔːdəl/ adj
ogonowy tylny
(zoology) Pertaining to the tail or posterior or hind part of a body.

caudal fin caudal fins n
płetwa ogonowa
The tailfin of a fish and other aquatic vertebrates.

caudate /ˈkɔːdeɪt/ adj
ogoniasty
(zoology) Having a tail.

caul /kɔːl/ cauls n
czepek
The amnion which encloses the foetus before birth, especially that part of it which sometimes shrouds a baby’s head at birth (traditionally considered to be good luck). [from 16th c.]

cauldron /ˈkɔːl.dɹən/ /ˈkəʊl.dɹən/ cauldrons n
kocioł
A large bowl-shaped pot used for boiling over an open flame.
(military) A strategic encirclement.

cauliflower /ˈkɑl.ɪˌflaʊ.ɚ/ /ˈkɒl.i.flaʊ.ə/ /ˈkɒl.ɪ.flaʊ.ə/ /ˈkɔl.ɪˌflaʊ.ɚ/ cauliflowers n
kalafior
Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, an annual variety of cabbage, of which the cluster of young flower stalks and buds is eaten as a vegetable.
The edible head or curd of a cauliflower plant.

causal link causal links n
związek przyczynowo-skutkowy

causality /kɑˈzæl.ɪ.tɪ/ /kɔˈzæl.ɪ.tɪ/ /kɔːˈzæl.ɪ.tɪ/ [kɑˈzæl.ɪ.ɾɪ] [kʰoːˈz̥æl.ɪ.tɪ] [kʰɒːˈz̥æl.ɪ.tɪ] causalities n
przyczynowość
The agency of a cause; the action or power of a cause, in producing its effect.

cause /kɔz/ /kɔːz/ /ˈkɑz/ [kʰoːz̥] [kʰɒːz̥] causes n
przyczyna
(countable, often with of, typically of adverse results) The source of, or reason for, an event or action; that which produces or effects a result.

cause /kɔz/ /kɔːz/ /ˈkɑz/ [kʰoːz̥] [kʰɒːz̥] v
powodować spowodować
(transitive) To set off an event or action.

cause of action causes of action n
roszczenie
(legal) A condition under which one party would be entitled to sue another.

cause of death causes of death n
przyczyna śmierci
The official cause of a human death as typically determined by a coroner during an autopsy and included on the deceased's death certificate.

causeless /ˈkɔːzləs/ more causeless most causeless adj
bezprzyczynowy
Groundless or unreasonable.

causelessness n
bezprzyczynowość

causeway /ˈkɔːz.weɪ/ causeways n
droga na grobli grobla
A road that is raised so as to be above water, marshland, and similar low-lying obstacles, which in some cases may flood periodically (e.g. due to tides). Originally causeways were much like dykes, generally pierced to let water through, whereas many modern causeways are more like bridges or viaducts.

caustic /ˈkɒstɪk/ /ˈkɔːstɪk/ more caustic most caustic adj
kaustyczny żrący
Capable of burning, corroding or destroying organic tissue.

caution /ˈkɑʃ(ə)n/ /ˈkɔʃ(ə)n/ /ˈkɔːʃ(ə)n/ cautions n
ostrzeżenie przestroga
Prudence when faced with, or when expecting to face, danger; care taken in order to avoid risk or harm.
ostrożność przezorność roztropność uwaga
A careful attention to the probable effects of an act, in order that failure or harm may be avoided.

caution - slippery when wet phraseologicalUnit
uwaga - ﻿nawierzchnia śliska, gdy mokra
Warning, often in the form of a sign, that people should pay attention when walking on a wet and slippery floor not to fall down and get injured.

cautious /ˈkɔːʃəs/ more cautious most cautious adj
ostrożny
Using or exercising caution; careful; tentative

cautiously /ˈkɑʃəsli/ /ˈkɔːʃəsli/ more cautiously most cautiously adv
ostrożnie
In a cautious manner.

cavalcade /ˈkævəlˌkeɪd/ /ˌkævəlˈkeɪd/ cavalcades n
kawalkada
(collective) A procession of riders, vehicles, ships, etc.

cavalry /ˈkævəlɹi/ cavalries n
jazda kawaleria konnica
(military, uncountable) The military arm of service that fights while riding horses.

cave /keɪv/ caves n
jaskinia pieczara
A large, naturally-occurring cavity formed underground or in the face of a cliff or a hillside.

cave in v
uginać się ugiąć się
(figurative) To relent; to grant approval against one's initial will.

cave painting /ˈkeɪv ˈpeɪntɪŋ/ cave paintings n
malarstwo jaskiniowe malarstwo naskalne
(uncountable) The paintings resulting from this activity regarded collectively, especially if prehistoric; cave art; (countable) an individual painting of this type.

cave swallow cave swallows n
jaskółka jaskiniowa

caveat /-æt/ /ˈkeɪ-/ /ˈkæviɑt/ /ˈkævɪæt/ caveats n
zastrzeżenie
A warning.

caveman cavemen n
jaskiniowiec człowiek jaskiniowy
An early human or closely related species, popularly held to reside in caves.

cavern /ˈkav.n̩/ /ˈkav.ən/ /ˈkæv.ɚn/ /ˈkæv.ɹən/ caverns n
jaskinia
A large cave.

caviar /ˈkæv.iˌɑɹ/ /ˈkæv.iˌɑː/ caviars n
kawior ikra
Roe of the sturgeon or of certain other large fish, considered a delicacy.

cavitation /ˌkævɪˈteɪʃən/ cavitations n
kawitacja
(fluid dynamics) The formation, in a fluid, of vapor bubbles that rapidly collapse, especially in a rotating marine propeller or pump impeller.

cavity /ˈkæv.ɪt.i/ [ˈkʰæv.ɨɾ.i] cavities n
dziura wydrążenie
A hole or hollow depression in a solid object.
ubytek
(dentistry) A small or large hole in a tooth caused by caries; often also a soft area adjacent to the hole also affected by caries.

cavity wall cavity walls n
mur podwójny mur szczelinowy
(construction) A double wall of masonry connected by an air space.

cavort /kəˈvɔɹt/ /kəˈvɔːt/ v
figlować swawolić
(intransitive) To move about carelessly, playfully or boisterously.

caw /kɔː/ caws n
krakanie
The harsh cry of a crow.

caw /kɔː/ v
krakać kraknąć
To make the harsh cry of a crow, rook, or raven.

cayenne pepper cayenne peppers n
papryka cayenne pieprz kajeński
Any of several very hot chilli peppers.

cc /siːˈsiː/ cc's ccs n
DW [[k.o.]] aa
Initialism of carbon copy.

cease /siːs/ v
zaprzestać
(formal, intransitive) To stop.

cease-fire cease-fires n
zawieszenie broni rozejm
In warfare, an agreed end to hostilities for a specific purpose. (Typically only temporary).

ceaseless /ˈsiːsləs/ adj
bezustanny
Without an end.

ceaselessly more ceaselessly most ceaselessly adv
bezustannie
Without ceasing.

ceaselessness n
bezustanność

cebularz n
cebularz

cedar /ˈsi.dɚ/ /ˈsiː.də/ cedars n
cedr
(countable) A coniferous tree of the genus Cedrus in the family Pinaceae.
(uncountable) The aromatic wood from a Cedrus tree, or from any of several not closely related trees.

cedar waxwing cedar waxwings n
jemiołuszka cedrowa
A medium-sized passerine bird native to North and Central America (Bombycilla cedrorum).

cede /siːd/ v
scedować cedować
(transitive) To give up; yield to another.

cedi /ˈsiːdiː/ cedis n
cedi
The currency of Ghana, divided into 100 pesewas and represented by ₵.

cefoperazone n
cefoperazon

ceiling /ˈsiːlɪŋ/ ceilings n
pułap
The upper limit of an object or action.
(aviation) The highest altitude at which an aircraft can safely maintain flight.
sufit
(mathematics) The smallest integer greater than or equal to a given number.
sufit strop
(architecture) The overhead interior surface that covers the upper limits of a room.

ceiling fan ceiling fans n
wentylator sufitowy
A fan fixture attached to a ceiling, sometimes with a built-in light.

celadon /ˈsɛlədɒn/ /ˈsɛlədən/ /ˈsɛləˌdɑn/ celadons n
seledyn
A pale green colour, possibly tinted with gray.
seledyn celadon seladon
A pale green Chinese glaze.
celadon seladon
A ceramic ware with a pale green glaze.

celandine /ˈsɛ.lənˌdaɪn/ celandines n
glistnik
Any plant of the genus Chelidonium.
glistnik glistnik jaskółcze ziele jaskółcze ziele
Greater celandine (Chelidonium majus).

celeb /səˈlɛb/ celebs n
celebryta celebrytka
(informal) A celebrity; a famous person.

celebrate /ˈsel.ə.bɹæɪt/ /ˈsɛl.ə.bɹeɪt/ /ˈsɛl.ɪ.bɹeɪt/ v
sławić wychwalać
(transitive) To extol or honour in a solemn manner.
obchodzić celebrować
(transitive) To honour by rites, by ceremonies of joy and respect, or by refraining from ordinary business; to observe duly.
świętować celebrować fetować oblać uczcić
(intransitive) To engage in joyful activity in appreciation of an event.

celebration /ˌsɛlɪˈbɹeɪʃən/ celebrations n
celebracja celebra
The formal performance of a solemn rite, such as Christian sacrament.
uroczystość
The act, process of showing appreciation, gratitude and/or remembrance, notably as a social event.
świętowanie uroczystość
A social gathering for entertainment and fun; a party.

celebrity /sɪˈlɛbɹɪti/ celebrities n
gwiazda celebryta celebrytka osobowość medialna
A person who has a high degree of recognition by the general population for his or her success or accomplishments; a famous person. [from 19th c.]

celeriac /səˈlɛəɹiæk/ /səˈlɪəɹiæk/ celeriacs n
seler
A form of celery, Apium graveolens, having an aromatic taproot eaten as a vegetable. [from mid 18th century]

celery /ˈsɛl.ə.ɹi/ /ˈsɛl.ɚ.i/ celeries n
seler seler naciowy
A European herb (Apium graveolens) of the carrot family.
(uncountable) The stalks of this herb eaten as a vegetable.

celesta /səˈlɛstə/ celestas n
czelesta
(musical instruments) A musical instrument consisting principally of a set of graduated steel plates struck with hammers that are activated by a keyboard.

celestial /səˈlɛs.ti.əl/ /səˈlɛs.t͡ʃəl/ adj
niebiański
of or related to Heaven and the divine.
Relating to the sky or outer space, regarded as the realm of the sun, moon, planets, and stars.

celestial body celestial bodies n
ciało niebieskie
(astronomy, astrology) A natural object which is located outside of Earth's atmosphere, such as a comet, an asteroid, the Moon, a planet, the Sun, or a star.

celestial equator celestial equators n
równik niebieski
(astronomy) A great circle on the celestial sphere, coincident with the plane of earth's Equator.

celestial mechanics n
mechanika nieba
(astronomy) The dynamics of celestial bodies subject to mutual gravitational attraction.

celestial navigation n
astronawigacja
(nautical) Navigation by using the positions of the stars and other heavenly bodies.

celestial sphere celestial spheres n
sfera niebieska
(astronomy) The apparent outer limit of space; an abstract sphere of infinite radius which serves as the imaginary backdrop for celestial objects, and of which the visible sky is one hemisphere.

celestially adv
niebiańsko
In a celestial manner; concerning the heavens

celestine celestines n
celestyn
(mineral) A mineral with orthorhombic crystals, SrSO4, colourless or white with blue and sometimes red shades.

celiac /ˈsiːli.æk/ adj
trzewiowy trzewny
(US, anatomy) Of, pertaining to or located within the abdomen or abdominal cavity.

celibacy /ˈsɛləbəsi/ celibacies n
celibat
Abstaining from marriage; the state of being unmarried.
(by extension) Abstinence from sexual relations.

celibate /ˈsɛləbət/ adj
niezamężna nieżonaty
(chiefly religious) Not married.

cell /sɛl/ cells n
komórka
(US, informal) A cellular phone.
cela komórka
A small room in a monastery or nunnery accommodating one person. [from 14th c.]
A room in a prison or jail for one or more inmates. [from 18th c.]
komórka
(biology, now, chiefly, botany) Any of various chambers in a tissue or organism having specific functions. [from 14th c.]
(cellular automata) The minimal unit of a cellular automaton that can change state and has an associated behavior. [from 20th c.]
(communication) A short, fixed-length packet, as in asynchronous transfer mode. [from 20th c.]
(communication) A region of radio reception that is a part of a larger radio network.
ogniwo komórka
(obsolete) Specifically, any of the supposed compartments of the brain, formerly thought to be the source of specific mental capacities, knowledge, or memories. [14th–19th c.]
A device which stores electrical power; used either singly or together in batteries; the basic unit of a battery. [from 19th c.]
A small group of people forming part of a larger organization, often an outlawed one. [from 20th c.]
(entomology) An area of an insect wing bounded by veins.
komórka cela
(biology) The basic unit of a living organism, consisting of a quantity of protoplasm surrounded by a cell membrane, which is able to synthesize proteins and replicate itself. [from 19th c.]
komórka burzowa
(meteorology) A small thunderstorm, caused by convection, that forms ahead of a storm front. [from 20th c.]

cell membrane cell membranes n
błona komórkowa
(cytology) The semipermeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell.

cell wall /sɛl wɑːl/ /sɛl wɔːl/ cell walls n
ściana komórkowa
(cytology) A thick, fairly rigid, layer formed around individual cells of bacteria, Archaea, fungi, plants, and algae (but not animals and other protists which generally have cell membranes without cell walls). The cell wall is external to the cell membrane and serves a structural function helping the cell maintain its shape and protecting the cell from damage.

cellar /ˈsɛlə(ɹ)/ /ˈsɛlɚ/ cellars n
piwnica loch
An enclosed underground space, often under a building, used for storage or shelter.
piwnica win
A wine collection, especially when stored in a cellar.

cellar door cellar doors n
drzwi piwniczne
A door leading to a cellar.

cellblock cellblocks n
blok

cellist /ˈt͡ʃɛlɪst/ cellists n
wiolonczelista wiolonczelistka
Someone who plays the cello.

cellless adj
bezkomórkowy
(cytology) Without cells.

cellmate cellmates n
współwięzień
A person with whom one shares a prison cell.

cello /ˈtʃɛləʊ/ /ˈt͡ʃɛloʊ/ celli cellos n
wiolonczela
A large unfretted stringed instrument of the violin family with four strings tuned (lowest to highest) C-G-D-A and an endpin to support its weight, usually played with a bow.

cellophane /ˈsɛləfeɪn/ cellophanes n
celofan
Any of a variety of transparent plastic films, especially one made of processed cellulose.

cellular /ˈsɛl.ju.lɚ/ /ˈsɛl.jə.lɚ/ more cellular most cellular adj
komórkowy
Of, relating to, consisting of, or resembling a cell or cells.

cellulite cellulites n
celulit
The dimpled appearance of skin caused by the protrusion of subcutaneous adipose tissue.

celluloid /ˈsɛljəˌlɔɪd/ celluloids n
celuloid
Any of a variety of thermoplastics created from nitrocellulose and camphor, once used as photographic film.

cellulose /ˈsɛljʊləʊz/ celluloses n
celuloza
A complex carbohydrate that forms the main constituent of the cell wall in most plants and is important in the manufacture of numerous products, such as paper, textiles, pharmaceuticals, and explosives.

cellulose acetate n
acetyloceluloza octan celulozy
A biopolymer material of diverse uses including as photographic film stock, as a component in some coatings, as a frame material for eyeglasses, and as a synthetic fiber in the manufacture of cigarette filters and playing cards and in various textiles.

cement /səˈmɛnt/ /ˈsi.mɛnt/ cements n
cement
(uncountable) The paste-like substance resulting from mixing such a powder with water, or the rock-like substance that forms when it dries.

cement mixer cement mixers n
betoniarka betonowóz gruszka do betonu
A device used in construction in which cement, aggregate and water are slowly mixed together in a revolving drum to form concrete.

cementum n
cement kostniwo
(anatomy, dentistry) A bony substance that covers the root of a tooth; cement.

ceno- prefix
ceno-

cenobite /ˈsiː.nəˌbaɪt/ /ˈsɛn.əˌbaɪt/ cenobites n
cenobita
A monk who lives in a religious community, rather than in solitude.

cenotaph /ˈsɛn.ə.tæf/ /ˈsɛn.ə.tɑːf/ cenotaphs n
cenotaf
A monument, generally in the form of an empty tomb, erected to honour the dead whose bodies lie elsewhere, especially members of the armed forces who died in battle.

censer /ˈsɛn.sə/ /ˈsɛn.sɚ/ censers n
kadzidło
An ornamental container for burning incense, especially during religious ceremonies.

censor /ˈsɛnsə/ /ˈsɛnsɚ/ v
cenzurować ocenzurować
(transitive) To review for, and if necessary to remove or suppress, content from books, films, correspondence, and other media which is regarded as objectionable (for example, obscene, likely to incite violence, or sensitive).

censorship /ˈsɛnsəʃɪp/ /ˈsɛnsɚʃɪp/ censorships n
cenzura
The use of state or group power to control freedom of expression or press, such as passing laws to prevent media from being published or propagated.

census /ˈsɛnsəs/ census censuses censusses n
spis ludności spis statystyczny
An official count or enumeration of members of a population (not necessarily human), usually residents or citizens in a particular region, often done at regular intervals.

cent /sɛnt/ cent cents n
cent
(money) A subunit of currency equal to one-hundredth of the main unit of currency in many countries. Symbol: ¢.
cent eurocent
(money) A subunit of currency equal to one-hundredth of the euro.
(nuclear physics) A unit of reactivity equal to one hundredth of a dollar.

centaur /ˈsɛntɑɹ/ /ˈsɛntɔː(ɹ)/ centaurs n
centaur
(Greek mythology) A mythical beast having a horse's body with a man's head and torso in place of the head and neck of the horse.

centenarian /ˌsɛntəˈnɛriən/ /ˌsɛntəˈnɛːrɪən/ /ˌsɛnəˈnɛriən/ more centenarian most centenarian adj
stulatek stulatka
Aged 100 years or more; extremely old.

centenarian /ˌsɛntəˈnɛriən/ /ˌsɛntəˈnɛːrɪən/ /ˌsɛnəˈnɛriən/ centenarians n
stulatek stulatka
One who or that which is at least 100 years old.

centenary /sənˈtiːn(ə)ri/ /sənˈtɛn(ə)ri/ /sɛnˈtiːn(ə)ri/ /sɛnˈtɛn(ə)ri/ /sɛnˈtɛnəri/ /ˈsɛntəˌnɛri/ adj
stuletni
(historical, obsolete) Of or relating to hundreds, the administrative unit.
Of or related to the number one hundred, particularly [c. 1451]

centennial /sɛnˈtɛnɪəl/ centennials n
stulecie
The hundredth anniversary of an event or happening.

center /ˈsɛn.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈsɛn.tɚ/ [ˈsɛɾ̃ɚ] [ˈsɪɾ̃ɚ] centers n
centrum środek
(geometry) The point in the interior of any figure of any number of dimensions that has as its coordinates the arithmetic mean of the coordinates of all points on the perimeter of the figure (or of all points in the interior for a center of volume).
centrum ośrodek
A place, especially a building or complex, set aside for some specified function or activity.
środek
(engineering) A conical recess or indentation in the end of a shaft or other work, to receive the point of a center, on which the work can turn, as in a lathe.

center of gravity /ˌsɛn.təɹ əv ˈɡɹæv.ə.ti/ centers of gravity n
środek ciężkości
(physics) A point, near or within a body, through which its weight can be assumed to act when considering forces on the body and its motion under gravity. This coincides with the center of mass in a uniform gravitational field.
(metaphorical) The most central or important part of something, whichits other parts are considered in relation to.

centerfold /ˈsɛntəfəʊld/ /ˈsɛntɚfoʊld/ centerfolds n
rozkładówka
The single larger sheet of paper that forms the middle two pages of a magazine or other publication, folded so as to open wider than a standard page spread.

centi- prefix
centy-
hundred
(specifically) In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 10-2. Symbol: c
one-hundredth

centilitre centilitres n
centylitr
(British spelling) A unit of volume or capacity of one hundredth of a litre. Symbol: cl

centimetre /ˈsɑ̃.-/ /ˈsɒn.-/ /ˈsɛn.tɪ.miː.tə/ centimetres n
centymetr
(British spelling, Canadian spelling) (metrology) An SI unit of length equal to 10−2 metres. Symbol: cm

centipede /ˈsɛn.tɪ.pid/ centipedes n
stonoga parecznik
Any arthropod of class Chilopoda, which have a segmented body with one pair of legs per segment and from about 20 to 300 legs in total.

central /ˈsɛntɹəl/ more central most central adj
centralny
Being in the centre.
Being very important, or key to something.

central bank central banks n
bank centralny bank emisyjny
(banking) The principal monetary authority of a polity or monetary union; it normally regulates the supply of money, issues currency and controls interest rates. It usually oversees banking activity within its country's borders.

central heating n
centralne ogrzewanie
Any of various heating systems in which a central source of heat is used to distribute heat (and sometimes hot water) throughout a building in a controlled manner.

central nervous system central nervous systems n
ośrodkowy układ nerwowy
(neuroanatomy) In vertebrates, that part of the nervous system comprising the brain, brainstem and spinal cord.

central processing unit central processing units n
procesor
(computer hardware) The part of a computer that fetches, decodes and executes instructions; attached directly to the memory.

centralism centralisms n
centralizm
A system that centralizes, especially an administration of some kind.

centralization /ˌsɛntɹəlˌaɪˈzeɪʃən/ /ˌsɛntɹəˌlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ centralizations n
centralizacja
The act or process of centralizing, or the state of being centralized; the act or process of combining or reducing several parts into a whole

centrally /ˈsɛnt.ɹə.li/ more centrally most centrally adv
centralnie
(location) In a central manner or situation; at, to, through or from the centre.

centre of attention centres of attention n
centrum uwagi
(British spelling) Something that attracts a lot of attention.

centre of mass centres of mass n
barycentrum środek ciężkości
(mathematics, physics) A point, near, or within a body at which the object's mass can be assumed to be concentrated; it coincides with the centroid for a body of uniform density, and with the centre of gravity in a uniform gravitational field.

centre-back centre-backs n
stoper
(soccer) A central defender, a player who plays in the centre of defence, just in front of the goalkeeper

centre-left adj
centrolewicowy
(politics) Leaning to the left but closer to the centre on the left–right political spectrum than other leftist variants.

centre-right adj
centroprawicowy
(politics) Leaning to the right but closer to the centre on the left–right political spectrum than other rightist variants.

centrifugal force centrifugal forces n
siła odśrodkowa
(physics) In circular motion, the 'reactive' centrifugal force is a real force applied by the accelerating body that is equal and opposite to the centripetal force that is acting on the accelerating body.
(erroneous) Centripetal force.

centrifuge /ˈsɛntɹɪˌfjuːdʒ/ centrifuges n
wirówka centryfuga
By extension, any device which rotates in order to produce artificial gravity (in the form of centrifugal force)

centriole /ˈsɛntɹɪˌəʊl/ centrioles n
centriola
(biology) A barrel-shaped microtubule structure found in most animal cells, important in the process of mitosis (nuclear division).

centripetal force centripetal forces n
siła dośrodkowa
(physics) The force on a rotating or orbiting body in the direction of the centre of rotation.

centro- prefix
centro-

centurion /-ɔːɹ.i.ən/ /-ɚ.i.ən/ /sɛnˈtjʊəɹ.i.ən/ /sɛnˈtjʊɹ.i.ən/ /sɛnˈtʃʊəɹ.i.ən/ /sɛnˈtʊɹ.i.ən/ centurions n
centurion
(historical) An officer of the ancient Roman army, in command of a century of soldiers.

century /ˈsɛn(t)ʃ(ə)ɹi/ /ˈsɛnt͡ʃɹi/ /ˈsɛnt͡ʃʊɹi/ centuries n
wiek stulecie
A period of 100 consecutive years; often specifically a numbered period with conventional start and end dates, e.g., the twentieth century, which stretches from (strictly) 1901 through 2000, or (informally) 1900 through 1999. The first century AD was from 1 to 100.
centuria
A unit in ancient Roman army, originally of 100 army soldiers as part of a cohort, later of more varied sizes (but typically containing 60 to 70 or 80) soldiers or other men (guards, police, firemen), commanded by a centurion.
A political division of ancient Rome, meeting in the Centuriate Assembly.

cepelinas /(t)sɛpəˈliːnəs/ cepelinai n
cepelin kartacz

cephalic /sɪˈfælɪk/ /ˈsɛfəlɪk/ more cephalic most cephalic adj
głowowy
Of or relating to the cephalon (the head of a trilobite).

cephalopod /ˈsɛfələpɑd/ /ˈsɛfələpɒd/ cephalopods n
głowonóg
Any mollusc of the class Cephalopoda, which includes squid, cuttlefish, octopus, nautiloids etc.

cephalosporin /kɛfələʊˈspɔəɹɪn/ cephalosporins n
cefalosporyna
Any of a class of natural and synthetic antibiotics developed from Acremonium fungi, having a cepham structure.

cephalothorax /ˌsɛfələˈθɑɹæks/ /ˌsɛfələˈθɔɹæks/ cephalothoraces cephalothoraxes n
głowotułów
The fused head and thorax of spiders and crustaceans

ceramic /səˈɹæmɪk/ adj
ceramiczny
Made of material produced by the high-temperature firing of inorganic, nonmetallic rocks and minerals.

ceramic /səˈɹæmɪk/ ceramics n
ceramika
(uncountable) A hard, brittle, inorganic, nonmetallic material, usually made from a material, such as clay, then firing it at a high tempature.

ceramics n
ceramika
The art or science of making ceramic objects.
Ceramic objects as a group.

ceramide /ˈsɛɹ.əˌmaɪd/ /ˈsɪɹ.əˌmaɪd/ ceramides n
ceramid
(biochemistry) Any of various lipids formed by linking a fatty acid to sphingosine and found widely but in small amounts in plant and animal tissue

cere /sɪɚ/ ceres n
woskówka
(ornithology) A fleshy, waxy area at the base of the upper beak in certain birds.

cereal /ˈsɪə.ɹɪ.əl/ /ˈsɪɚ.i.əl/ [ˈsiːɹiəl] cereals n
zboże
(countable) A type of grass (such as wheat, rice or oats) cultivated for its edible grains.
(uncountable) The grains of such a grass.

cerebellum /ˌsɛ.ɹɪˈbɛl.əm/ /ˌsɛɹ.əˈbɛl.əm/ cerebella cerebellums n
móżdżek
(neuroanatomy) Part of the hindbrain in vertebrates. In humans it lies between the brainstem and the back of the cerebrum and is formed of two lateral lobes and a median lobe. It plays an important role in sensory perception, motor output, balance and posture.

cerebral /səˈɹi.bɹəl/ /səˈɹiː.bɹl̩/ /səˈɹiː.bɹəl/ /ˈsɛ.ɹɪb.ɹl̩/ /ˈsɛ.ɹɪb.ɹəl/ /ˈsɛɹ.əb.ɹəl/ more cerebral most cerebral adj
mózgowy
(anatomy, relational) Of, or relating to the brain, cerebrum, or cerebral cortex.
intelektualny
Intellectual rather than emotional or physical.

cerebral aqueduct cerebral aqueducts n
wodociąg mózgu
(neuroanatomy) The channel in the brain which connects the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle. It is surrounded by the periaqueductal gray.

cerebral cortex cerebral cortexes cerebral cortices n
kora mózgowa kora mózgu
(neuroanatomy) The grey, folded, outermost layer of the cerebrum that is responsible for higher brain processes such as sensation, voluntary muscle movement, thought, reasoning, and memory.

cerebral hemisphere cerebral hemispheres n
półkula półkula mózgu
(neuroanatomy) One of the two regions of the brain that are delineated by the body's median plane.

cerebral palsy cerebral palsies n
mózgowe porażenie dziecięce porażenie mózgowe
(neurology, pathology) A group of non-progressive, non-contagious conditions, caused by brain damage before birth or during infancy, characterized by impairment of muscular coordination.

ceremony /sɛɹˈɛ.mə.ni/ /ˈsɛɹ.əˌmoʊ.ni/ /ˈsɛɹ.ɪ.mə.ni/ ceremonies n
ceremonia obrzęd
A ritual, with religious or cultural significance.
ceremonia
An official gathering to celebrate, commemorate, or otherwise mark some event.
(uncountable) A formal socially established behaviour, often in relation to people of different ranks; formality.

cerium /ˈsɪəɹiəm/ ceriums n
cer
A chemical element (symbol Ce) with an atomic number of 58, a very soft, ductile, silvery-white metal that tarnishes when exposed to air.

certain /ˈsɜːtn̩/ /ˈsɝtn̩/ /ˈsɝtən/ /ˈsɝʔn̩/ certainer certainest more certain most certain adj
pewny
Sure in one's mind, positive; absolutely confident in the truth of something.
jakiś niejaki
Particular and definite, but unspecified or unnamed; used to introduce someone or something without going into further detail.
(preceded by "a", of a person) Named but not previously mentioned.

certainly /ˈsɜːtn̩li/ /ˈsɝtn̩li/ more certainly most certainly adv
z pewnością pewnie
Without doubt, surely.
na pewno zdecydowanie
An emphatic affirmative answer; of course.

certainty /ˈsɜːtn̩ti/ /ˈsɝtn̩ti/ certainties n
pewność
The state of being certain.

certificate /səˈtɪf.ɪ.kət/ /səˈtɪf.ɪˌkeɪt/ /sɚˈtɪf.ɪ.kət/ /sɚˈtɪf.ɪˌkeɪt/ certificates n
certyfikat atest
A document containing a certified statement.
atest
(computing theory) The information needed in order to verify a positive answer to a problem.

certificate authority certificate authorities n
urząd certyfikacji
(computing) An organization that issues digital certificates for use by other parties.

certificate of authenticity certificates of authenticity n
certyfikat autentyczności

certification /ˌsɜːtɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ /ˌsɝtɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ [ˌsɝɾɪfɪˈkeɪʃən] certifications n
certyfikacja
The act of certifying.

certified public accountant certified public accountants n
dyplomowany księgowy

certify /ˈsɜː.tɪ.faɪ/ /ˈsɜː.tɪ.fɑɪ/ /ˈsɝ.tɪ.faɪ/ [ˈsɜː.ɾɪ.faɪ] [ˈsɝ.ɾɪ.faɪ] v
certyfikować
(transitive) To attest that a product, service, organization, or person has met an official standard.

cerulean /səˈɹuːli.ən/ ceruleans n
modry
(countable, and, uncountable, color) A greenish-blue color.

cerussite cerussites n
cerusyt
(mineral) A mineral form of lead carbonate, PbCO3, that is an ore of lead.

cervical /sɜːˈvaɪ.kl̩/ /ˈsɜː.vɪk.l̩/ /ˈsɝ.vɪk.l̩/ adj
szyjny
(anatomy, relational) Of or pertaining to the neck.

cervical cancer cervical cancers n
rak szyjki macicy
(pathology, oncology) A type of cancer of the cervix of the uterus which can afflict some female mammals including humans. The term usually does not refer to cancer of the neck or other parts of the anatomy which use the term cervix.

cervical cap cervical caps n
Diaphragma Wkładka domaciczna
A small latex or silicone contraceptive device that fits over the cervix and stays in place either by suction or by surface viscosity.

cervix /ˈsɜː.vɪks/ /ˈsɝ.vɪks/ cervices cervixes n
szyjka macicy
(now, specifically) The cervix uteri, or lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top end of the vagina.

cessation /sɛˈseɪʃən/ cessations n
zaprzestanie
(formal) A ceasing or discontinuance, for example of an action, whether temporary or final.

cession /ˈsɛʃən/ cessions n
cesja
The giving up of rights, property etc. which one is entitled to.

cesspit /ˈsɛspɪt/ cesspits n
szambo
A cesspool; a pit or covered cistern used to collect sewage and waste water.

cesspool /ˈsɛsˌpuːl/ cesspools n
szambo
An underground pit where sewage is held.
(by extension) A filthy place.

cestode /ˈsɛs.təʊd/ /ˈsɛˌstoʊd/ cestodes n
tasiemiec
(zoology) A parasitic flatworm of the class Cestoda; a tapeworm.

cetacean /sɪˈteɪʃən/ cetaceans n
waleń
An animal belonging to the order Cetacea, including dolphins, porpoises, and whales.

cetane cetanes n
cetan heksadekan
The aliphatic hydrocarbon C16H34 (hexadecane) used as a standard for diesel fuel.

cevapcici n
cevapcici
A Balkan dish of grilled minced meat.

cevapi /t͡ʃɛˈvɑːpi/ cevapi cevapis n
czewapcziczi
A Balkan food dish of minced meat.

ceviche /səˈviːt͡ʃeɪ/ ceviches n
ceviche
(cooking) Raw seafood cured by marination in an acidic medium such as citrus, vinegar, or other souring agent, found primarily in Latin America.

cf. /kəmˈpɛɚ ˌwɪθ/ /siːˈɛf/ v
por.
Compare, compare to, compare with.

chacha chachas n
czacza
A traditional Georgian clear strong liquor distilled from pomace.

chador chadors n
czador czadra
A loose robe, made from a single cloth, worn as a combination head covering, veil and shawl by Muslim women, especially in Iran.

chaebol /ˈt͡ʃeɪbʌl/ chaebols n
czebol
(business, sometimes, pejorative) A large, family-controlled Korean business conglomerate.

chafe /t͡ʃeɪf/ n
otarcie odparzenie zatarcie
Injury or wear caused by friction.

chafe /t͡ʃeɪf/ v
drażnić dręczyć
(transitive) To excite passion or anger in; to fret; to irritate.
odparzać odparzyć przecierać wycierać
(intransitive) To rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction.
być rozdrażnionym
(intransitive) To have a feeling of vexation; to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated.

chafer chafers n
chrabąszcz
Any of several scarab beetles, including the cockchafer, leaf chafer, and rose chafer.

chaff /t͡ʃæf/ /t͡ʃɑːf/ chaffs n
plewy
The inedible parts of a grain-producing plant.
sieczka
Straw or hay cut up fine for the food of cattle.

chaffinch /ˈt͡ʃæfɪnt͡ʃ/ chaffinches n
zięba
A small passerine bird, Fringilla coelebs, of the finch family, found throughout Europe and eastward to Iran and eastern Mediterranean coastlands.

chagrin /ʃəˈɡɹɪn/ /ˈʃæɡ.ɹɪn/ chagrins n
poczucie klęski
Distress of mind caused by a failure of aims or plans, want of appreciation, mistakes etc; vexation or mortification.
jaszczur szagryn
A type of leather or skin with a rough surface.

chaikhana chaikhanas n
czajchana
A teahouse in parts of Central Asia.

chain /ˈt͡ʃeɪn/ chains n
łańcuch sieć
A series of interconnected rings or links usually made of metal.
(chemistry) A number of atoms in a series, which combine to form a molecule.
sieć łańcuch
A series of stores or businesses with the same brand name.
łańcuch
(mathematics, set theory, order theory) A totally ordered set, especially a totally ordered subset of a poset.

chain /ˈt͡ʃeɪn/ v
skuwać skuć
(intransitive) To link multiple items together.

chain letter chain letters n
łańcuszek
A letter that can be mailed successively to different recipients, with each recipient ostensibly (but sometimes sarcastically) being instructed in the body of the letter to mail the letter to another person or persons.

chain mail chain mails n
kolczuga
A flexible defensive armor, made of a mesh of interlinked metal rings.

chain of command chains of command n
hierarchia służbowa
(military) The command hierarchy or structure in which one rank obeys the one above it, which obeys the one above it, and so forth.

chain reaction chain reactions n
reakcja łańcuchowa
(chemistry) A chemical reaction where the products of the reaction influence the reactants of a following reaction, leading to positive feedback.
(nuclear physics) A nuclear reaction in which particles produced by the fission of one atom trigger fissions of other atoms.
(figurative) A series of events, each one causing or influencing the next.

chain smoker chain smokers n
palacz palaczka
One who habitually smokes a lot.

chainsaw /ˈt͡ʃeɪn.ˌsɑ/ /ˈt͡ʃeɪn.ˌsɔ/ /ˈt͡ʃeɪn.ˌsɔː/ chainsaws n
piła łańcuchowa pilarka łańcuchowa
(forestry, machinery, DIY) A power saw that has a power-driven and fast-revolving chain of metal teeth, usually used to cut trees.

chair /t͡ʃɛə(ɹ)/ /t͡ʃɛɚ/ /t͡ʃɪə(ɹ)/ chairs n
krzesło
An item of furniture used to sit on or in, comprising a seat, legs or wheels, back, and sometimes arm rests, for use by one person. Compare stool, couch, sofa, settee, loveseat and bench.

chairlift chairlifts n
kolej krzesełkowa wyciąg krzesełkowy kolejka krzesełkowa
A continuously moving series of open seats, slung from overhead cables, used to transport people (especially skiers) up the sides of mountains.

chairman /ˈtʃɛɹ.mən/ /ˈtʃɛːmən/ chairmen n
przewodniczący
A person presiding over a meeting.
przewodniczący prezes
The head of a corporate or governmental board of directors, a committee, or other formal entity.

chairperson chairpeople chairpersons n
przewodniczący przewodnicząca
A chairman or chairwoman, someone who presides over a meeting, board, etc.

chairwoman chairwomen n
przewodnicząca
A female chairperson

chaise longue /ˌʃeɪz ˈlɒŋ(ɡ)/ /ˌʃeɪz ˈlɔŋ/ chaise longues chaises longues n
szezlong
(chiefly, _, UK) A reclining chair with a long seat, which can support the outstretched legs of a sitter normally with one armrest.

chakra /ˈtʃæ.kɹə/ /ˈtʃʌ.kɹə/ /ˈt͡ʃæ.kɹə/ /ˈt͡ʃɑː.kɹə/ /ˈt͡ʃʌ.kɹə/ chakras n
ćakra czakra czakram
(Hinduism, Ayurveda) Any of (at least) seven centres of spiritual energy in or near the body, according to Ayurveda philosophy.

chalcedony /kælˈsɛd.ə.ni/ /ˈkæl.səˌdoʊ.ni/ chalcedonies n
chalcedon
A form of fine-grained quartz that is nearly transparent or has a milky translucence; it fractures conchoidally.

chalcid /ˈkælsɪd/ chalcids n
bleskotka

chalco- /ˈkælkoʊ/ prefix
chalko-

chalcogen chalcogens n
tlenowiec
(inorganic chemistry) Any element of group 16 of the periodic table: oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium or polonium.

chalcography n
miedzioryt

chalcopyrite /ˌkæl.kəˈpaɪˌɹaɪt/ chalcopyrites n
chalkopiryt
(mineral) A yellow mineral that is a mixed sulfide of copper and iron, with the chemical formula CuFeS2.

chalet /ʃæleɪ/ chalets n
koliba chata
An alpine style of wooden building with a sloping roof and overhanging eaves. [from late 18th c.]

chalice /ˈt͡ʃæl.ɪs/ chalices n
kielich puchar
A large drinking cup, often having a stem and base and used especially for formal occasions and religious ceremonies.

chalk /t͡ʃɑk/ /t͡ʃɔk/ /t͡ʃɔːk/ chalks n
kreda
(uncountable) A soft, white, powdery limestone (calcium carbonate, CaCO3).
(countable) A piece of chalk, or nowadays processed compressed gypsum (calcium sulfate, CaSO4), that is used for drawing and for writing on a blackboard (chalkboard).
magnezja
(uncountable, climbing, gymnastics) A white powdery substance used to prevent hands slipping from holds when climbing, or losing grip in weight-lifting or gymnastics, sometimes but not always limestone-chalk, often magnesium carbonate (MgCO3).

chalk and cheese n
powierzchownie podobny
(British, NZ, idiomatic) Said of things that are very different, though possibly superficially alike.

chalkboard /t͡ʃɔk.bɔː(ɹ)d/ /t͡ʃɔːk.bɔː(ɹ)d/ chalkboards n
tablica
A slate or enamel board for writing on with chalk; a predecessor to a whiteboard.

challah /ˈhɑːlə/ /ˈhʌlə/ challahs challos challot challoth n
chałka
(countable) A traditional bread eaten by Ashkenazi Jews, usually braided for the Sabbath and round for a yom tov.

challenge /ˈt͡ʃæl.ənd͡ʒ/ /ˈt͡ʃæl.ɪnd͡ʒ/ challenges n
wyzwanie
A difficult task, especially one that the person making the attempt finds more enjoyable because of that difficulty.
(legal, rare) A judge's interest in the result of a case, constituting grounds for them to not be allowed to sit the case (e.g., a conflict of interest).

challenge /ˈt͡ʃæl.ənd͡ʒ/ /ˈt͡ʃæl.ɪnd͡ʒ/ v
ośmielić wyzwać
(transitive) To invite (someone) to take part in a competition.
ośmielić
(transitive) To dare (someone).
zakwestionować
(transitive) To dispute (something).
(legal, transitive) To make a formal objection to a juror.

challenger challengers n
konkurent
One who challenges; especially, one who plays against the current champion of a game or contest in hopes of winning and becoming the new champion.

challenging /ˈt͡ʃælənd͡ʒɪŋ/ /ˈt͡ʃælɪnd͡ʒɪŋ/ more challenging most challenging adj
trudny
Difficult, hard to do.

chamber /ˈtʃeɪmbə(ɹ)/ /ˈt͡ʃeɪmbɚ/ chambers n
komnata izba
A room or set of rooms, particularly:
izba
(figuratively) The legislature or division of the legislature itself.
komora izba
Any enclosed space occupying or similar to a room.
(firearms) The area holding the ammunition round at the initiation of its discharge.
(firearms) One of the bullet-holding compartments in the cylinder of a revolver.

chamber music n
muzyka kameralna kameralistyka
(music) A genre of classical music written for a small group of instruments

chamber of commerce chambers of commerce n
izba handlowa
(business) An association of businesses to promote their interests in a community.

chamber pot chamber pots n
nocnik
A container used for urination and defecation, particularly those used in early modern towns before the advent of the flush toilet.

chamberlain /ˈt͡ʃeɪmbəlɪn/ /ˈt͡ʃeɪmbɚlɪn/ chamberlains n
szambelan
A senior royal official in charge of superintending the arrangement of domestic affairs and often charged with receiving and paying out money kept in the royal chamber, especially in the United Kingdom and in Denmark.

chambermaid /ˈt͡ʃeɪm.bə(ɹ).meɪd/ chambermaids n
pokojówka
A maid who handles the chores in a bedroom.

chameleon /kəˈmi.li.ən/ /kəˈmil.jən/ chameleons n
kameleon
A small to mid-size reptile, of the family Chamaeleonidae, and one of the best known lizard families able to change color and project its long tongue.
(figuratively) A person with inconstant behavior; one able to quickly adjust to new circumstances.

chamfer /ˈt͡ʃæm.fɚ/ /ˈʃæm.fə/ chamfers n
faza
An obtuse-angled relief or cut at an edge added for a finished appearance and to break sharp edges.

chamfron /ˈtʃæm.frən/ /ˈt͡ʃam.fɹən/ chamfrons n
naczółek
Protective armor for a horse's head, especially the face and ears.

chamois /ˈʃæmi/ /ˈʃæmiz/ /ˈʃæmwɑː/ /ˈʃæmwɑːz/ chamois chamoises n
kozica giemza
A short-horned goat antelope native to mountainous terrain in southern Europe; Rupicapra rupicapra.
giemza
An absorbent cloth used for cleaning and polishing, formerly made of chamois leather.

champagne /ʃæmˈpeɪn/ champagnes n
szampan
(countable, uncountable) A sparkling white wine made from a blend of grapes, especially Chardonnay and pinot, produced in Champagne, France, by the méthode champenoise.
(countable) A very pale brownish-gold colour, similar to that of champagne.

champagne socialist champagne socialists n
kawiorowa lewica
(derogatory) A person who claims to adhere to socialist ideology but does not act accordingly.

champignon /t͡ʃæmˈpɪnjən/ /ʃæmˈpɪnjən/ champignons n
pieczarka
Agaricus bisporus, a species of mushroom commonly used in cooking.

champion /ˈt͡ʃæmpiən/ /ˈt͡ʃæmpjən/ champions n
mistrz mistrzyni zwyciężca
Someone who is chosen to represent a group of people in a contest.

championship /ˈt͡ʃæmpi.ənʃɪp/ championships n
mistrzostwo
(sports) A competition to determine a champion, especially the final of a series of competitions.
The position of champion, or winner.

chance /t͡ʃæns/ /t͡ʃɑːns/ [t͡ʃɑːns] [t͡ʃʰans] [t͡ʃʰeəns] [t͡ʃʰäːns] [t͡ʃʰæns] [t͡ʃʰæːns] [t͡ʃʰɐːns] [t͡ʃʰɑːns] [t͡ʃʰɛəns] chances n
szansa okazja możliwość gratka sposobność
(countable) An opportunity or possibility.

chancel /ˈtʃɑːnsəl/ /ˈt͡ʃænsəl/ chancels n
prezbiterium
The space around the altar in a church, often enclosed, for use by the clergy and the choir. In medieval cathedrals the chancel was usually enclosed or blocked off from the nave by an altar screen.

chancellor /-lɚ/ /ˈtʃɑːnslə/ /ˈtʃɑːnsələ/ /ˈt͡ʃænslɚ/ /ˈt͡ʃænsələ/ chancellors n
kanclerz kanclerka
The head of the government in some German-speaking countries.

chancroid /ˈʃæŋ.krɔɪd/ chancroids n
szankier
(pathology) A sexually transmitted infection, caused by bacteria of species Haemophilus ducreyi, characterized by painful sores on the genitalia.
A sore characteristic of this infection.

chandelier /ˌʃæn.dəˈlɪə(ɹ)/ /ˌʃæn.dəˈlɪɚ/ chandeliers n
żyrandol
A branched, often ornate, lighting fixture suspended from the ceiling

chandler /ˈt͡ʃændlɚ/ /ˈt͡ʃɑːndlɚ/ chandlers n
świecarz
A person who makes or sells candles.

change /t͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ/ changes n
zmiana
(countable, uncountable) The process of becoming different.
drobne reszta
(uncountable) Small denominations of money given in exchange for a larger denomination.
zmiana zamiana
(countable) A replacement.
reszta drobne
(uncountable) Balance of money returned from the sum paid after deducting the price of a purchase.
bilon
(uncountable) An amount of cash, usually in the form of coins, but sometimes inclusive of paper money.
przesiadka
(countable) A transfer between vehicles.

change /t͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ/ v
zmienić zmieniać
(intransitive) To become something different.
(transitive, ergative) To make something into something else.
zamieniać zamienić
(transitive) To replace.
zamieniać zamienić przebierać przebrać przewinąć przwijać
(intransitive) To replace one's clothing.
przebierać przebrać przewinąć przwijać
(transitive) To replace the clothing of (the one wearing it).
przesiadać przesiąść
(intransitive) To transfer to another vehicle (train, bus, etc.)

change horses in midstream v
zmieniać plan w połowie zmienić plan w połowie
(idiomatic) To change one's plan or approach when an effort is already underway or at another inopportune time.

change of heart changes of heart n
zmiana zdania
(idiomatic) A change of one's opinion, belief or decision.

change of scenery changes of scenery n
zmiana otoczenia

change one's mind v
rozmyślać rozmyślić zmienić zdanie
(idiomatic) To decide differently than one had decided before.

change the game /ˈt͡ʃeɪn(d͡)ʒ ðə ˈɡeɪm/ /ˈt͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ ðə ˈɡeɪm/ v
rewolucjonizować zrewolucjonizować
(transitive, idiomatic) To revolutionize a field of endeavor.

changeably more changeably most changeably adv
zmiennie
In a changeable manner.

changing room changing rooms n
przebieralnia
A room, especially in a gym, sports center, school, swimming pool, etc, designed for people to change their clothes.
przymierzalnia
A room or enclosure, e.g. in a clothes shop, where people try on clothes they are interested in buying.

channel /ˈt͡ʃænəl/ channels n
koryto
The physical confine of a river or slough, consisting of a bed and banks.
kanał
The natural or man-made deeper course through a reef, bar, bay, or any shallow body of water.
A narrow body of water between two land masses.
(broadcasting) A specific radio frequency or band of frequencies, usually in conjunction with a predetermined letter, number, or codeword, and allocated by international agreement.
(broadcasting) A specific radio frequency or band of frequencies used for transmitting television.

channel /ˈt͡ʃænəl/ v
kierować
(transitive) To direct or guide along a desired course.

chanson /ʃɑ̃.sɔ̃/ chansons n
chanson
Any song with French words, but more specifically a classic, lyric-driven French song.

chant /t͡ʃænt/ /t͡ʃɑːnt/ v
skandować
To utter or repeat in a strongly rhythmical manner, especially as a group.

chanterelle /ʃɒntəˈɹɛl/ /ˈtʃæntəɹɛl/ chanterelles n
kurka pieprznik
(mushroom) A widely distributed edible mushroom, Cantharellus cibarius, being yellow and trumpet-shaped; or any similar mushroom of the genera Cantharellus, Polyozellus or Gomphus, not all of which are edible.

chaos /ˈkeɪ.ɑs/ /ˈkeɪ.ɒs/ chaoses n
chaos
The unordered state of matter in classical accounts of cosmogony.
(mathematics) A behaviour of iterative non-linear systems in which arbitrarily small variations in initial conditions become magnified over time.

chaos theory n
teoria chaosu
(mathematics) The study of iterative non-linear systems in which arbitrarily small variations in initial conditions become magnified over time.

chaotic /keɪˈɑtɪk/ /keɪˈɒtɪk/ [-ɾɪk] more chaotic most chaotic adj
chaotyczny
filled with chaos.
Extremely disorganized or in disarray.

chaotically more chaotically most chaotically adv
chaotycznie
In a chaotic manner.

chaoticness n
chaotyczność

chap /t͡ʃæp/ chaps n
gość
(dated, outside, UK, and, Australia) A man, a fellow.

chapati /t͡ʃəˈpæti/ /t͡ʃəˈpɑːti/ chapatis n
chapati czapati ćapati
A flat, unleavened bread from northern India and Pakistan.

chapbook chapbooks n
książeczka liryczna
A small book, usually made from a single sheet, folded several times, containing poems, ballads or religious tracts

chapel /ˈt͡ʃæp.əl/ [ˈt͡ʃæp.əɫ] [ˈt͡ʃæp.ɫ̩] chapels n
kaplica
(especially, _, Christianity) A place of worship, smaller than or subordinate to a church.

chapel of ease chapels of ease n
kaplica filialna
A chapel built in a remote part of a parish to meet the needs of those who live far from the parish church.

chapelmaster chapelmasters n
kapelmistrz
A director of music in a chapel, the musical director of a court and/or major church's choir and/or orchestra; often also a composer.

chaperone /ˈʃæ.pəˌɹoʊn/ /ˈʃæ.pəˌɹəʊn/ chaperones n
przyzwoitka
An older person who accompanies other younger people to ensure the propriety of their behaviour, often an older woman accompanying a young woman.
białko opiekuńcze
(biochemistry) A protein that assists the non-covalent folding/unfolding and the assembly/disassembly of other macromolecular structures, but does not occur in these structures when the latter are performing their normal biological functions.

chaplain /ˈt͡ʃæp.lɪn/ chaplains n
kapelan
A member of a religious body who is (often, although not always, of the clergy) officially assigned to provide pastoral care at an institution, group, private chapel, etc.

chaplet /ˈt͡ʃæplət/ /ˈt͡ʃæplɪt/ chaplets n
różaniec
(archaic) A string (of beads), especially when making up five decades of the rosary.

chapped /t͡ʃæpt/ more chapped most chapped adj
spierzchnięty spierzchły
(of skin) Dry and flaky due to excessive evaporation of water from its surface.

chapter /ˈt͡ʃæptə/ /ˈt͡ʃæptɚ/ chapters n
rozdział dział filia
A section of a work, a collection of works, or fragments of works, often manuscripts or transcriptions, created by scholars or advocates, not the original authors, to aid in finding portions of the texts.
kapituła rozdział
Certain ecclesiastical bodies (under canon law)
dział filia
An administrative division of an organization, usually local to a specific area.

char /t͡ʃɑɹ/ /t͡ʃɑː/ [t͡ʃɑɹ] [t͡ʃɑ˞] chars n
sprzątaczka
A charlady, a woman employed to do housework; cleaning lady.

char /t͡ʃaɹ/ /t͡ʃɑɹ/ /t͡ʃɑː/ [t͡ʃaɹ] [t͡ʃaː] [t͡ʃa˞] [t͡ʃɑɹ] [t͡ʃɑ˞] v
zwęglać zwęglić
(ergative) To burn something to charcoal.
opalać opalić
To burn slightly or superficially so as to affect colour.

character /ˈkæɹ(ə)ktɚ/ /ˈkæɹɪktə/ /ˈkɛɹ(ə)ktɚ/ characters n
postać charakter
(countable) A being involved in the action of a story.
charakter
(countable) A distinguishing feature; characteristic; trait; phene.
(uncountable) Strength of mind; resolution; independence; individuality; moral strength.
znak charakter
(countable) A written or printed symbol, or letter.
charakter postać usposobienie
(countable, computing) One of the basic elements making up a text file or string: a code representing a printing character or a control character.

character actor character actors n
aktor charakterystyczny
A supporting actor who specializes in playing eccentric or unusual roles.

character actress character actresses n
aktorka charakterystyczna

character assassination character assassinations n
oczernianie
(idiomatic) A malicious discourse designed to damage the reputation of someone.

characteristic /ˌkæɹəktəˈɹɪstɪk/ /ˌkɛɹəktəˈɹɪstɪk/ more characteristic most characteristic adj
charakterystyczny
Being a distinguishing feature of a person or thing.

characteristic /ˌkæɹəktəˈɹɪstɪk/ /ˌkɛɹəktəˈɹɪstɪk/ characteristics n
cecha
A distinguishing feature of a person or thing, a part of mental or physical behavior.

characteristically more characteristically most characteristically adv
charakterystycznie
In a usual or expected way; in characteristic manner.

characteristicness n
charakterystyczność
The state or quality of being characteristic.

characterize /ˈkæɹəktəɹaɪz/ /ˈkɛɹəktəɹaɪz/ v
barwić charakteryzować
(transitive) To depict someone or something a particular way (often negative).

charades n
kalambury
A game in which each player acts out a word or phrase, usually based on puns of each syllable and without speaking, for the others to guess.

charbonnier charbonniers n
gąska niekształtna
A species of fungus in the family Tricholomataceae, Tricholoma portentosum.

charcoal /ˈtʃɑː.kəʊl/ /ˈt͡ʃɑɹ.koʊl/ charcoals n
węgiel drzewny
(countable, uncountable) impure carbon obtained by destructive distillation of wood or other organic matter, that is, heating it in the absence of oxygen.
antracyt
A very dark gray colour.

chard /t͡ʃɑɹd/ /t͡ʃɑːd/ chards n
botwina boćwina
(uncountable, culinary) An edible leafy vegetable, Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla, with a slightly bitter taste.

charge /t͡ʃɑɹd͡ʒ/ /t͡ʃɑːd͡ʒ/ charges n
opłata
The amount of money levied for a service.
szarża
(military) A ground attack against a prepared enemy.
oskarżenie
An accusation by a person or organization.
An accusation.
ładunek elektryczny ładunek
(electromagnetism, chemistry) An electric charge.
podopieczna podopieczny
Someone or something entrusted to one's care, such as a child to a babysitter or a student to a teacher.
ładunek szarża
A load or burden; cargo.
ładunek
(by extension) A measured amount of explosive.
figura herbowa
(heraldry) An image displayed on an escutcheon.

charge /t͡ʃɑɹd͡ʒ/ /t͡ʃɑːd͡ʒ/ v
oskarżać oskarżyć
(law) To formally accuse (a person) of a crime.
(cricket, of a, batsman) To take a few steps down the pitch towards the bowler as they deliver the ball, either to disrupt the length of the delivery, or to get into a better position to hit the ball.
ładować naładować
To call to account; to challenge.
(transitive) To cause to take on an electric charge.
(transitive) To load equipment with material required for its use, as a firearm with powder, a fire hose with water, a chemical reactor with raw materials.
(transitive) To replenish energy to (a battery, or a device containing a battery) by use of an electrical device plugged into a power outlet.
atakować napadać napaść szarżować
(military, transitive, and, intransitive) To attack by moving forward quickly in a group.

charge account charge accounts n
kredyt

charger /ˈtʃɑːdʒə/ /ˈt͡ʃɑɹd͡ʒɚ/ chargers n
ładowarka
A device that charges or recharges.
rumak
(historical, military) A large horse trained for battle and used by the cavalry (of a lighter build than a destrier).

chargé d'affaires /ʃɑrˈʒeɪ dəˈfɛɹ/ chargés d'affaires n
chargé d'affaires
(diplomacy) A diplomat, ranking below an ambassador, who heads a diplomatic mission when no ambassador is present, either temporarily (in the interim between the departure of one ambassador and the accreditation of another) or for an extended time.

chariot /ˈt͡ʃæɹiət/ /ˈt͡ʃæɹɪət/ /ˈt͡ʃɛɹiət/ chariots n
rydwan
A two-wheeled horse-drawn cart, used in Bronze Age and Early Iron Age warfare.
kareta karoca
A light (four-wheeled) carriage used for ceremonial or pleasure purposes.

charioteer charioteers n
furman kierowca rydwanu wozak woźnica
A person who drives a chariot.

charism charismata charisms n
charyzmat
(Christianity, theology) A power or authority, generally of a spiritual nature, believed to be a freely given gift by the Grace of God.

charisma /kəˈɹɪzmə/ charismas charismata n
charyzma charyzmat
Personal charm or magnetism.

charismatic /ˌkæɹɪzˈmætɪk/ /ˌkɛɹəzˈmætək/ more charismatic most charismatic adj
charyzmatyczny
Of, related to, or being a member of a form of Christianity that emphasizes the role of the Holy Spirit.

charismatic megafauna n
charyzmatyczna megafauna
Large animals with broad popular appeal, especially as used by activists to focus public opinion on environmentalist goals.

charitable more charitable most charitable adj
charytatyny
Pertaining to charity.
dobry miłosierny
Kind, generous.
charytatywny dobroczynny
Having a purpose or character of a charity.

charitable organization charitable organizations n
organizacja charytatywna organizacja dobroczynna
An organization with charitable purposes only.

charity /ˈtʃæɹɪti/ /ˈt͡ʃɛɹəti/ charities n
instytucja charytatywna organizacja charytatywna
(countable) An organization, the objective of which is to carry out a charitable purpose.
dary pomoc charytatywna
(countable) The goods or money given to those in need.
działalność charytatywna charytatywność
(uncountable) Benevolence to others less fortunate than ourselves; the providing of goods or money to those in need.
(archaic, Christianity) Christian love; representing God's love of man, man's love of God, or man's love of his fellow-men.

charity shop charity shops n
sklep charytatywny
(UK) A shop to where goods are donated, and sold on at cheap prices, with all the profits going to charity

charlatan /ˈʃɑɹlətən/ /ˈʃɑːlətən/ charlatans n
szarlatan
A malicious trickster; a fake person, especially one who deceives for personal profit.

charlock charlocks n
gorczyca polna ognicha modrych rzepnica świerzop świrzepa
Any of several yellow-flowered cruciferous weeds of grain fields, especially wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis).

charm /tʃɑːm/ /t͡ʃɑɹm/ charms n
urok zaklęcie
An object, act or words believed to have magic power (usually carries a positive connotation).
talizman
A small trinket on a bracelet or chain, etc., traditionally supposed to confer luck upon the wearer.
urok
(finance) A second-order measure of derivative price sensitivity, expressed as the instantaneous rate of change of delta with respect to time.

charm /tʃɑːm/ /t͡ʃɑɹm/ v
oczarować
To seduce, persuade or fascinate someone or something.
zaczarować
(transitive) To use a magical charm upon; to subdue, control, or summon by incantation or supernatural influence.

charmer /ˈt͡ʃɑɹmɚ/ charmers n
czaruś
A charming person; one who charms or seduces; a smoothie.
zaklinacz
An enchanter or magician.

charming /ˈtʃɑː(ɹ).mɪŋ/ charmest charminger charmingest more charming most charming adj
uroczy
Pleasant, charismatic.

charnel house charnel houses n
karner
a vault or other building in which the bones of the dead are stored

charoite charoites n
czaroit

chart of accounts charts of accounts n
plan kont

charter /ˈt͡ʃɑɹtɚ/ /ˈt͡ʃɑːtə/ charters n
karta statut
A document issued by some authority, creating a public or private institution, and defining its purposes and privileges.
czarter
A contract for the commercial leasing of a vessel, or space on a vessel.

chartwork n
używanie map
(navigation) The use of charts for navigational purposes.

charwoman charwomen n
sprzątaczka
(chiefly, British) A woman employed to do housework, traditionally coming and going on a daily basis and paid weekly wages.

chase /t͡ʃeɪs/ chases n
pogoń
(real tennis) The occurrence of a second bounce by the ball in certain areas of the court, giving the server the chance, later in the game, to "play off" the chase from the receiving end and possibly win the point.

chase /t͡ʃeɪs/ v
gonić gnać ścigać
(transitive, baseball) To produce enough offense to cause the pitcher to be removed.

chase after v
biegać
(idiomatic) To pursue someone with romantic intentions; to woo.

chaser /ˈtʃeɪsə/ /ˈt͡ʃeɪsɚ/ chasers n
popitka
A drink consumed after another of a different kind.

chasmophyte /ˈkæzməʊfaɪt/ chasmophytes n
chasmofit
(botany) chomophyte

chassis /ˈt͡ʃæsi/ /ˈt͡ʃæsiz/ /ˈʃæsi/ /ˈʃæsiz/ /ˈʃæzi/ chassis n
podwozie
The base frame of a motor vehicle.
obudowa
A frame or housing containing electrical or mechanical equipment, such as on a computer.

chaste /t͡ʃeɪst/ /t͡ʃæst/ chaster chastest adj
cnotliwy
Abstaining from immoral or unlawful sexual intercourse.

chaste tree chaste trees n
niepokalanek
A shrub native to the Mediterranean region (Vitex agnus-castus).

chastity /ˈt͡ʃastɪti/ /ˈt͡ʃeɪstɪti/ /ˈt͡ʃæstɪti/ [ˈt͡ʃæstɪɾi] chastities n
czystość
The quality of being chaste: the state of abstaining from any sexual activity considered immoral; avoidance of sexual sins.

chastity belt chastity belts n
pas cnoty
A belt-like garment, designed to be worn over the genitals and locked to prevent sexual intercourse, typically for long periods of time, to maintain chastity, prevent masturbation, or to enforce BDSM submission.

chastushka chastushkas chastushki chastushky n
czastuszka
A type of traditional Russian satirical or ironic folk poetry in quatrains.

chasuble /ˈt͡ʃæsəbəl/ /ˈt͡ʃæzjʊbəl/ /ˈt͡ʃæzəbəl/ chasubles n
ornat
(Christianity) The outermost liturgical vestment worn by clergy for celebrating Eucharist or Mass.

chat /t͡ʃæt/ chats n
pogawędka
(countable, uncountable) Informal conversation.
czat
(countable, uncountable) An exchange of text or voice messages in real time through a computer network, resembling a face-to-face conversation.

chat /t͡ʃæt/ v
gadać gawędzić
To be engaged in informal conversation.

chat room chat rooms n
chatroom
(Internet) Part of a website or other network where visitors can converse in typed messages.

chat up v
podrywać gawędzić poderwać
(transitive, idiomatic) To talk to (someone) in a friendly, open, or casual manner, sometimes also in a charming or affected manner, usually to curry favor, and sometimes flirtatiously with the intention of establishing a romantic or sexual encounter or relationship with that person.

chateaubriand /ʃæˌtoʊbɹiˈɑ̃/ /ʃæˌtoʊbɹiˈɔ̃/ /ˌʃatəʊˈbɹiːɒ̃/ chateaubriands n
chateaubriand szatobriand
A thick, juicy cut from the center of a beef tenderloin.

chattel /ˈt͡ʃæt.l̩/ chattels n
majątek ruchomy ruchomość
Tangible, movable property.
niewolnik
A slave.

chatter /ˈtʃætə/ /ˈt͡ʃætɚ/ chatters n
terkot
The sound of talking.

chatter /ˈtʃætə/ /ˈt͡ʃætɚ/ v
bajczyć
(intransitive) To talk idly.
szczękać szczęknąć
(intransitive, of teeth, machinery, etc.) To make a noise by rapid collisions.

chatterbox chatterboxes n
gaduła
(informal) One who chats or talks to excess.

chauffeur /ʃoʊˈfɝ/ /ʃɒˈfɜː/ /ˈʃoʊfɚ/ /ˈʃəʊfə/ chauffeurs n
szofer szoferka
A person employed to drive a private motor car or a hired car of executive or luxury class (like a limousine).

chauvinism /ˈʃoʊ.vɪˌnɪzm̩/ /ˈʃəʊ.və.nɪ.zəm/ /ˈʃəʊ.vɪ.nɪ.zəm/ chauvinisms n
szowinizm
(pejorative) Excessive patriotism, eagerness for national superiority; jingoism.
(pejorative) Unwarranted bias, favoritism, or devotion to one's own particular group, cause, or idea.

chauvinist chauvinists n
szowinista szowinistka
(pejorative) A chauvinistic person.

chauvinistic more chauvinistic most chauvinistic adj
szowinistyczny
(pejorative) Of or pertaining to chauvinism or chauvinists.

chav /t͡ʃæv/ chavs n
dres dresiara dresiarz
(UK, MLE, Ireland, derogatory, offensive ) A working-class youth, especially one associated with aggression, poor education, and a perceived "common" taste in clothing and lifestyle.

chavette /t͡ʃæˈvɛt/ chavettes n
dresiara
(British, pejorative, slang) A female chav.

chayote /tʃaɪˈəʊti/ /t͡ʃɑˈjoʊti/ chayotes n
kolczoch
The fruit of this plant.

cheap /t͡ʃip/ /t͡ʃiːp/ cheaper cheapest adj
tani niedrogi
Low and/or reduced in price.
tandetny tani
Of poor quality.
tandetny
Of little worth.
tani
(slang, of an action or tactic in a game of skill) Underhand or unfair.

cheaply /ˈt͡ʃiːpli/ more cheaply most cheaply adv
tanio
In a cheap manner; without expending much money.

cheat /t͡ʃiːt/ cheats n
oszust oszustka zdrajca zdrajczyni
Someone who cheats.
cheat czit kod
(video games) A hidden means of gaining an unfair advantage in a video game, often by entering a cheat code.

cheat /t͡ʃiːt/ v
oszukiwać
(intransitive) To violate rules in order to gain, or attempt to gain, advantage from a situation.
zdradzać
(intransitive) To be unfaithful to one's spouse or partner; to commit adultery, or to engage in sexual or romantic conduct with a person other than one's partner in contravention of the rules of society or agreement in the relationship.

cheat day cheat days n
cheat day

cheat on v
zdradzać
(colloquial, idiom, transitive) To be unfaithful to, especially in a romantic relationship.

cheat sheet cheat sheets n
ściągawka ściąga ściągaczka
A sheet of paper containing notes used to assist (with or without permission) on a test.

cheating /ˈt͡ʃiːtɪŋ/ cheatings n
cheatowanie czitowanie oszukiwanie oszustwo
An act of deception, fraud, trickery, imposture, imposition or infidelity.

check /t͡ʃɛk/ [t͡ʃɛk̚] checks n
inspekcja sprawdzenie
An inspection or examination.
kratka
(textiles, usually, pluralized) A pattern made up of a grid of squares of alternating colors; a checkered pattern.
kontrola
A control; a limit or stop.
szach
(chess) A situation in which the king is directly threatened by an opposing piece. [from 14th c.]
parafka znaczek
(US) A mark (especially a checkmark: ✓) used as an indicator.
rachunek
(US) A bill, particularly in a restaurant.

check /t͡ʃɛk/ [t͡ʃɛk̚] v
sprawdzić
(transitive) To inspect; to examine.
sprawdzić odfajkować odhaczyć zaptaszkować zaznaczyć
(transitive, US, often used with "off") To mark items on a list (with a checkmark or by crossing them out) that have been chosen for keeping or removal or that have been dealt with (for example, completed or verified as correct or satisfactory).
skontrolować
(transitive) To control, limit, or halt.
szachować
(chess, transitive) To make a move which puts an adversary's king in check; to put in check.

check in v
meldować się zameldować się
To announce or record one's own arrival at a hotel, airport etc.

check out v
wymeldować się
(intransitive) To confirm and pay for goods and services at a facility (e.g.: supermarket, online store, hotel) when leaving.
badać obczaić obczajać sprawdzić wymeldować się zbadać
(transitive) To examine, inspect, look at closely, ogle; to investigate; to gather information so as to make a decision.

check up v
sprawdzać

checkerboard checkerboards n
szachownica
A pattern of squares of alternating colours.

checkered more checkered most checkered adj
kraciasty w kratkę
Divided into squares, or into light and dark patches.

checklist /ˈt͡ʃɛklɪst/ checklists n
lista kontrolna
A list of tasks to be completed, names to be consulted, conditions to be verified and similar.

checkmate /ˈt͡ʃɛkmeɪt/ interjection
mat szach mat szach i mat
(chess) Word called out by the victor when making a move that wins the game.

checkmate /ˈt͡ʃɛkmeɪt/ checkmates n
mat
The conclusive victory in a game of chess that occurs when an opponent's king is threatened with unavoidable capture.

checkmate /ˈt͡ʃɛkmeɪt/ v
dać mata zamatować
(transitive, chess) To put the king of an opponent into checkmate.

checkout checkouts n
kasa
The process of checking out items at a supermarket or library.

checkpoint checkpoints n
punkt kontrolny przejście
A point or place where a check is performed, especially a point along a road or on a frontier where travellers are stopped for inspection
punkt kontrolny
(video games) A predetermined point in a map, level or scenario that the player may resume from if they die or restart from if they choose to.

checks and balances n
mechanizm kontroli i równowagi
(politics) A system for multiple branches of government wherein each has some control over the actions of each of the others.

checksum checksums n
suma kontrolna
(mathematics, computing) A number, derived by applying a suitable algorithm to some data, used to check whether errors have occurred in transmission, storage or data entry.

checkup checkups n
kontrola kontrolne badanie lekarskie wizyta kontrolna
A routine visit to the doctor, dentist, or the like.
A routine inspection.

cheddar /ˈt͡ʃɛdə(ɹ)/ cheddars n
cheddar czedar
A cheese styled after the Cheddar cheese made in Cheddar.

cheddary more cheddary most cheddary adj
cheddarowy

cheder chadarim chadorim chedarim chederim cheders n
cheder
An elementary school for Jewish children, teaching basic Judaism and Hebrew.

cheek /t͡ʃiːk/ cheeks n
policzek
(anatomy) The soft skin on each side of the face, below the eyes; the outer surface of the sides of the oral cavity.

cheekbone cheekbones n
kość policzkowa
The small prominent bone of the cheek.

cheer on v
dopingować kibicować
(transitive) To cheer and support (a team or individual); to barrack; to root for.

cheer up v
rozweselić
(transitive, idiomatic) To make someone happier or less downcast.

cheerio /ˈtʃɪəɹ.i.əʊ/ /ˈt͡ʃɪəɹ.i.oʊ/ [ˈt͡ʃiɹi.oʊ̯] interjection
cześć pa

cheerleader /ˈtʃɪə(ɹ)ˌliːdə(ɹ)/ cheerleaders n
czirliderka cheerleaderka
(chiefly, US) A person, usually a young, attractive female, who encourages applause and cheers at a sports event, and wearing a specially-designed uniform in the official colors of the team he/she cheers for.

cheers /tʃɪəz/ /t͡ʃɪɹz/ interjection
na zdrowie
A common toast used when drinking in company.
cześć
(chiefly, Commonwealth, informal) goodbye, especially as a sign-off in an email or after writing a comment.
dzięki
(Commonwealth, informal) thank you

cheese /t͡ʃiz/ /t͡ʃiːz/ cheesen cheeses n
ser
(uncountable) A dairy product made from curdled or cultured milk.
(countable) Any particular variety of cheese.

cheese it phraseologicalUnit
dać dyla
(slang, dated, Britain) An imperative used as a warning to stop, hide, or flee

cheese knife cheese knives n
nóż do sera
A type of knife used for cutting cheese, typically with a wide, curved blade.

cheese sauce cheese sauces n
sos serowy
A sauce based on melted cheese.

cheese wire cheese wires n
drut na ser

cheeseburger cheeseburgers n
cheeseburger
A hamburger containing cheese (usually one or more slices of processed cheese).

cheesecake /ˈt͡ʃizˌkeɪk/ /ˈt͡ʃiːzˌkeɪk/ /ˈt͡ʃɛzˌkeɪk/ /ˈt͡ʃɪzˌkeɪk/ cheesecakes n
sernik
(countable, and, uncountable, obsolete) A pie made of cream, eggs and milk (somewhat resembling the modern American chess cake).

cheesecloth cheesecloths n
etamina
A loosely woven cotton gauze, originally used to wrap cheese, but now used for various culinary tasks and by farmers to shade crops and keep birds off.

cheesemaker cheesemakers n
serowar
A person skilled in the art of making cheese

cheesemaking n
serowarstwo
The production of cheese

cheeser /ˈt͡ʃizɚ/ /ˈt͡ʃiːzə/ cheesers n
banan
(textiles) A small spool that is used in the finishing stage of yarn-making.

cheesesteak cheesesteaks n
cheesesteak

cheesy /ˈt͡ʃiːzi/ cheesier cheesiest adj
serowy
Of or relating to cheese.
kiczowaty
(informal) Overdramatic, excessively emotional or clichéd, trite, contrived.

cheetah /ˈt͡ʃiːtɑ/ /ˈt͡ʃiːtə/ cheetahs n
gepard
A distinctive member (Acinonyx jubatus) of the cat family, slightly smaller than the leopard, but with proportionately longer limbs and a smaller head; native to Africa and southeast Asia (where it is nearly extinct) and also credited with being the fastest terrestrial animal.

chef /ʃɛf/ chefs n
szef kuchni kuchmistrz kuchmistrzyni szefowa kuchni
The head cook of a restaurant or other establishment.

chef's knife chef's knives chefs' knives n
nóż kucharski
A type of general purpose kitchen knife used for food preparation, typically measuring eight inches by one and a half inches.

chela /ˈkilə/ chelae n
szczypce
A pincer-like claw of a crustacean or arachnid. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

chelicera /kəˈlɪ.sə.ɹə/ chelicerae n
szczękoczułek
(zoology) Either of the prehensile claws found on the proboscis of chelicerates (horseshoe crabs, sea spiders and arachnids).

chelone chelones n
żółwik
(botany) Chelone, a genus of four species of perennial herbaceous plants that are native to eastern North America.

chemical /ˈkɛmɪkəl/ adj
chemiczny
Of or relating to chemistry.

chemical bomb chemical bombs n
bomba chemiczna bomba gazowa

chemical bond chemical bonds n
wiązanie chemiczne
(chemistry) Any of several attractive forces that serve to bind atoms together to form molecules

chemical castration chemical castrations n
kastracja chemiczna
A medical treatment using a anaphrodisiacal hormonal drug to inhibit the function of a man's testes, intended to have the same effect on the sex drive as surgical castration. It is typically used on sex offenders as a punishment and/or preventative measure, or on people wishing to undergo male-to-female transsexualism.

chemical composition chemical compositions n
skład chemiczny
(physics, chemistry) The identities, and relative numbers, of the elements that make up any particular compound

chemical compound chemical compounds n
związek chemiczny
(chemistry) Any substance formed by the union of two or more chemical elements in a fixed ratio, the union being a chemical bond.

chemical element chemical elements n
pierwiastek chemiczny
(chemistry) Any one of the simplest chemical substances that cannot be decomposed in a chemical reaction. Chemical elements consist of atoms which have the same number of protons.

chemical property chemical properties n
właściwość chemiczna
(chemistry) Any of a material's properties that becomes evident during a chemical reaction.

chemical weapon chemical weapons n
broń chemiczna
A noxious substance contained in some form of delivery system such as a shell or missile.

chemise /ʃəˈmiːz/ chemises n
halka
(historical) A loose shirtlike undergarment, especially for women.
A woman's dress that fits loosely; a chemise dress.

chemist /ˈkɛmɪst/ chemists n
chemik chemiczka
A person who specializes in the science of chemistry, especially at a professional level.

chemistry /ˈkɛm.ɪ.stɹi/ chemistries n
chemia
(uncountable) The branch of natural science that deals with the composition and constitution of substances and the changes that they undergo as a consequence of alterations in the constitution of their molecules.
(informal) The mutual attraction between two people; rapport.
chemio- chemo-
(countable) An application of chemical theory and method to a particular substance.

chemo- /kimoʊ/ /kɛmoʊ/ prefix
chemo-
Relating to or using chemicals or chemistry.

chempedak chempedaks n
chempedak
Fruit of this tree.

chemsex n
chemseks
(sexuality) Sexual intercourse under the influence of recreational drugs.

chenille /ʃəˈniːl/ chenilles n
szenila
An extremely soft and bunchy fabric often used to make sweaters.

cheque /t͡ʃɛk/ cheques n
czek
(Australia, Canada, India, New Zealand, UK, Ireland, Hong Kong) A draft directing a bank to pay money to a named person or entity.

chequebook chequebooks n
książeczka czekowa
A folder or booklet containing preprinted cheques for use by the holder of a bank account.

chermoula chermoulas n
chermoula

chernozem /ˈt͡ʃɜː(ɹ)nəˌzɛm/ chernozems n
czarnoziem
A fertile black soil containing a very high percentage of humus (3% to 15%) and high percentages of phosphoric acids, phosphorus and ammonia.

cherry /ˈt͡ʃɛɹi/ cherrier cherriest more cherry most cherry adj
wiśniowy
Of a bright red colour; cherry red.

cherry /ˈt͡ʃɛɹi/ cherries n
wiśnia czereśnia
The wood of a cherry tree.
wiśniowy wiśnia
(color) Cherry red.
czereśnia wiśnia
The fruit of the coffee plant, containing the seeds or beans.

cherry blossom cherry blossoms n
kwiat wiśni
The blossom or flower of the cherry tree, particularly the Japanese cherry (Prunus serrulata).

cherry plum cherry plums n
ałycza śliwa wiśniowa
Prunus cerasifera, a deciduous ornamental Eurasian shrub or small tree, having white flowers and small red to yellow edible fruits.
ałycza
The fruit of such a tree.

cherry tomato cherry tomatoes n
pomidorek koktajlowy
A type of small tomato, the cultivar Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme.

cherry tree cherry trees n
wiśnia czereśnia
A tree of the subgenus Prunus subg. Cerasus, the members of which are valued agriculturally for their fruit, the cherry, and the wood of the tree, cherrywood, used in woodworking.

chert /t͡ʃɜːt/ /t͡ʃɝt/ cherts n
rogowiec
(geology, uncountable) Massive, usually dull-colored and opaque, quartzite, hornstone, impure chalcedony, or other flint-like mineral.

cherub /ˈt͡ʃɛ.ɹəb/ cherubim cherubims cherubs n
cherub cherubin
(biblical) A winged creature attending God and guarding his throne; similar to a lamassu (winged bull with a human torso) in the pre-exilic texts of the Hebrew Bible, more humanoid in later texts.
cherubin cherub
(figuratively) A person, especially a child, seen as being particularly angelic or innocent.

chervil /ˈt͡ʃɜː(ɹ)vɪl/ chervils n
trybula
(countable) A leafy herb, Anthriscus cerefolium, resembling parsley.
(uncountable) Leaves from the plant, used as an herb in cooking, which have a mild flavor of anise.

chervonets chervontsy n
czerwoniec
Any of several former currencies of Russia: applied to various foreign gold coins prior to the reign of Peter I of Russia, then to a Russian gold coin of 1701-1757, and finally to a 1922 currency of the Soviet Union.

chess /t͡ʃɛs/ chesses n
szachy
A board game for two players, each beginning with sixteen chess pieces moving according to fixed rules across a chessboard with the objective to checkmate the opposing king.

chess boxing n
szachoboks szachowy boks
A hybrid sport involving alternating rounds of chess and boxing.

chess clock chess clocks n
zegar szachowy
A device consisting of two clocks and a switch for running one at a time, used in chess and other games to measure how much time each player takes.

chess piece chess pieces n
bierka
(chess) Any of the 16 white and 16 black pieces used in playing the game of chess.

chess player chess players n
szachista szachistka
A human or computer that plays the game of chess.

chessboard chessboards n
szachownica
(chess) The square board used in the game of chess, subdivided into eight rows of eight squares each, the squares in each row and column being of alternating colours.

chest /t͡ʃɛst/ /t͡ʃɪst/ chests n
skrzynia kufer
A box, now usually a large strong box with a secure convex lid.
fundusz
The place in which public money is kept; a treasury.
komoda
A chest of drawers.
klatka piersiowa
(anatomy) The portion of the front of the human body from the base of the neck to the top of the abdomen; the thorax. Also the analogous area in other animals.

chest freezer chest freezers n
zamrażarka skrzyniowa

chest of drawers chests of drawers n
komoda
A piece of furniture which has multiple parallel, horizontal drawers stacked one above the other, used mainly for the storage of clean clothes.

chest voice n
rejestr piersiowy
(phonology, music) A kind of voice of a medium or low pitch and a sonorous quality ascribed to resonance in the chest, or thorax; voice of the thick register. It is produced by vibration of the vocal cords through their entire width and thickness, and with convex surfaces presented to each other.

chestnut /ˈt͡ʃɛs.nʌt/ /ˈt͡ʃɛst.nʌt/ chestnuts n
kasztan
(uncountable) A dark, reddish-brown colour, as seen on the fruit of the chestnut tree.
(uncountable) Wood of a chestnut tree.

chestnut tree /ˈtʃɛsnʌt ˌtɹiː/ chestnut trees n
kasztan
A tree that bears chestnuts; a tree of the genus Castanea

chestnut-backed antshrike chestnut-backed antshrikes n
chronka rdzawogrzbieta
A passerine bird of the antbird family (Thamnophilus palliatus, syn. Lanius palliatus)

chestnut-bellied tit chestnut-bellied tits n
sikora kasztanowata
Sittiparus castaneoventris, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

chestnut-eared bunting chestnut-eared buntings n
trznadel rdzawouchy
Emberiza fucata, a passerine bird in the bunting family Emberizidae.

chevron /ˈʃɛvɹən/ chevrons n
szewron
A V-shaped pattern; used in architecture, and as an insignia of military or police rank, on the sleeve.
krokiew
(heraldiccharge) A wide inverted V placed on a shield.

chevrotain /ˈʃɛvɹə(ʊ)teɪn/ /ˈʃɛvɹəˌteɪn/ chevrotains n
kanczyl
Any of several small hornless ruminants of the family Tragulidae (genera Hyemoschus, Moschiola, and Tragulus), native to tropical rainforests of South and Southeast Asia, and Central and West Africa; a mouse deer.

chew /tʃuː/ /tʃɪʊ̯/ /t͡ʃ(j)u/ v
żuć przeżuwać
To crush with the teeth by repeated closing and opening of the jaws; done to food to soften it and break it down by the action of saliva before it is swallowed.

chewing gum chewing gums n
guma do żucia guma
A flavoured preparation of chicle or synthetic rubber, made for chewing.

chewing tobacco chewing tobaccos n
tytoń do żucia żujka
(US) Tobacco placed between cheek and gum to allow nicotine absorption through internal membranes.

chez /ʃeɪ/ preposition
u
At the home of.

chi /kaɪ/ chis n
chi
The twenty-second letter of the Classical and Modern Greek alphabets.

chi /t͡ʃiː/ chis n
chi
(philosophy) A life force in traditional Chinese philosophy, culture, medicine, etc, related (but not limited) to breath and circulation.

chia /ˈt͡ʃiː.ə/ chias n
chia szałwia hiszpańska
A Mexican sage grown for its edible seeds, Salvia hispanica.

chia seed chia seeds n
nasiona chia
An edible seed of Salvia hispanica, a flowering plant in the mint family native to Central America, or of the related Salvia columbariae of southwestern United States and Mexico.

chiaroscuro /kɪˌɑːɹəˈskʊəɹəʊ/ /ˌkjɑɹəˈsk(j)ʊɹoʊ/ chiaroscuri chiaroscuros n
chiaroscuro światłocień
(painting) An artistic technique developed during the Renaissance, referring to the use of strong contrasts between light and dark in order to create the illusion of volume.

chiasmus /kaɪˈæzməs/ chiasmi chiasmuses n
chiazm
(rhetoric) An inversion of the relationship between the elements of phrases.

chic /ʃik/ /ʃiːk/ chicer chicest more chic most chic adj
szykowny elegancki
Elegant, stylish.

chicane /t͡ʃɪˈkeɪn/ /ʃɪˈkeɪn/ chicanes n
szykana
(motor racing) A sharp double bend on a racecourse, designed to prevent unsafe speeds; an obstacle creating a curve. [from 20th c.]

chicanery /ʃɪˈkeɪn(ə)ɹi/ chicaneries n
krętactwo matactwo
(uncountable) Deception by the use of trickery, quibbling, or subterfuge.

chick /t͡ʃɪk/ chicken chicks n
pisklę
A young bird.
kurczak kurczątko
A young chicken.
laska
(chiefly, US, Canada, Australia, colloquial) A young, typically attractive, woman or teenage girl.

chickadee /ˈt͡ʃɪ.kəˌdi/ chickadees n
sikora
A small passerine bird (songbird) of the genus Parus or the family Paridae.

chicken /ˈt͡ʃɪkɪn/ chickens n
kurczak kura
(uncountable) The meat from this bird eaten as food.
(archaic) The young of any bird; a chick.
tchórz
(countable, slang) A coward.

chicken Kiev chicken Kievs n
de volaille dewolaj

chicken farmer chicken farmers n
hodowca drobiu
A farmer who keeps or works with chickens.

chicken nugget chicken nuggets n
nugget
A small, boneless piece of chicken in batter.

chicken out v
stchórzyć tchórzyć
(idiomatic) To shy away from a daring task; to decline, refuse, or avoid something due to fear or uncertainty.

chicken pox chicken poxes n
ospa ospa wietrzna wiatrówka wietrzyca
(inexact, sometimes, _, proscribed, disease) Any disease causing similar symptoms.

chicken scratch chicken scratches n
pisanie jak kura pazurem
(informal, idiom) Cramped or illegible handwriting.

chicken soup chicken soups n
rosół
Any soup made with either pieces of chicken or chicken broth as its main ingredient, often thought to cure everyday illnesses such as the common cold.

chickling vetch n
groszek siewny
A plant with edible seeds similar to peas and chickpeas of species Lathyrus sativus, used as a famine food but causing lathyrism if eaten in large amounts or over a long time.

chickpea /ˈt͡ʃɪkˌpiː/ chickpeas n
ciecierzyca ciecierzyca pospolita
A seed of this plant, often used as a food.

chickweed chickweeds n
gwiazdnica
Any of several small-leaved herbs of the genera Cerastium and Stellaria.

chicory /ˈ t͡ʃɪkəɹi/ /ˈtʃɪkəɹi/ /ˈtʃɪkɹi/ chicories n
cykoria
(chiefly, Britain) The common chicory (Cichorium intybus), the source of Belgian endive, radicchio, and sugarloaf.

chide / t͡ʃaɪd/ v
besztać strofować zbesztać łajać
(transitive) To admonish in blame; to reproach angrily.

chief /t͡ʃiːf/ chiefs n
szef kierownik wódz naczelnik
A leader or head of a group of people, organisation, etc. [from 13th c.]
głowica
(sometimes, ironic) An informal term of address.

chief executive officer chief executive officers n
dyrektor zarządzający dyrektor generalny prezes
(business) The highest-ranking corporate officer or executive officer of a corporation, company, or agency, responsible for carrying out the policies of the board of directors on a day-to-day basis; CEO.

chief information officer chief information officers n
kierownik do spraw informatyki
An executive who is in charge of the technical affairs of a business, notably as head of the information technology department, typically directly under the chief executive officer and/or the board.

chief of staff chiefs of staff n
szef kancelarii
(government, politics) The head of any of several political departments in several nations.

chief operating officer chief operating officers n
dyrektor operacyjny
(business) A corporate officer of a corporation, company, or agency, responsible for executing decisions of the chief executive officer (CEO) according to their decided schedule; often initialised as COO.

chiefly /ˈtʃiːf.li/ more chiefly most chiefly adv
przede wszystkim
(focus) Especially or primarily; above all.
głównie
(focus) Mainly or principally; almost entirely.

chieftain /ˈt͡ʃiːf.tən/ /ˈt͡ʃiːf.tɪn/ chieftains n
wódz
A leader of a clan or tribe.

chiffchaff /ˈt͡ʃɪf.t͡ʃæf/ chiffchaffs n
pierwiosnek
A small, common warbler, Phylloscopus collybita, with yellowish-green plumage that breeds throughout northern and temperate Europe and Asia.

chiffon /ʃɪˈfɑn/ /ˈʃɪfɑn/ chiffons n
szyfon
A lightweight, balanced plain-woven sheer fabric, or gauze, like gossamer, woven of alternate S- and Z-twist crepe (high-twist) yarns made of silk, polyester, or cotton.

child /t͡ʃaɪld/ [t͡ʃaɪ̯ɫd] [ˈt͡ʃaɪ̯.ɫ̩d] childer children n
dziecko dziecię
(with possessive) One's direct descendant by birth, regardless of age; one's offspring; a son or daughter.
dziecko
A person considered a product of a place or culture, a member of a tribe or culture, regardless of age.
(computing) A data item, process, or object which has a subservient or derivative role relative to another.

child benefit n
zasiłek na dziecko zasiłek rodzinny
(UK) A regular government payment made to parents or guardians for each child up to a certain age.

child labour n
praca dzieci
(British spelling, Canadian spelling) Work performed by a minor that is prohibited by statute law, or under terms and conditions considered inhumane.

child molester child molesters n
pedofil
(criminology) Someone guilty of child molestation; someone who has sexually abused a minor.

child pornography n
pornografia dziecięca
Pornographic material depicting minors; sexually explicit (or suggestive) images of children.

child prodigy child prodigies n
cudowne dziecko dziecko szczęścia
(This entry is a translation hub.)

child prostitution n
dziecięca prostytucja
The use of a child by others for sexual activities in return for remuneration or any other form of consideration.

child safety seat child safety seats n
fotelik samochodowy fotelik fotelik dziecięcy
A car safety restraint designed for infants and young children.

child's play n
dziecinada pikuś
(idiomatic) Something particularly simple or easy.

childbirth childbirths n
poród
The fact or action of giving birth to a child, as the culmination of pregnancy.

childhood /ˈt͡ʃaɪldhʊd/ childhoods n
dzieciństwo
(mostly, uncountable) The state of being a child.
The time during which one is a child, from between infancy and puberty.
(by extension) The early stages of development of something.

childhood memory childhood memories n
wspomnienie z dzieciństwa
A memory formed during the childhood years.

childish /ˈt͡ʃaɪldɪʃ/ more childish most childish adj
dziecięcy
Of or suitable for a child.
dziecinny infantylny
Immature in thought or behaviour.

childishly adv
dziecinnie
In a childish manner.

childless adj
bezdzietny bezpotomny
Not having any children.

childlessly adv
bezdzietnie bezpotomnie

childlessness n
bezdzietność bezpotomność
The state of being childless.

childminder childminders n
opiekunka do dziecka
A person employed to look after other people's children while they are away; a babysitter.

childrearing /ˈt͡ʃaɪldˌɹɪəɹɪŋ/ n
wychowanie dzieci wychowywanie dzieci
The raising of children; parenting.

children should be seen and not heard proverb
dzieci i ryby głosu nie mają
Children should behave well and be quiet, especially in the presence of adults.

children's home children's homes n
dom dziecka
A public institution for the care and protection of children whose parents have died or can no longer care for them.

children's rights n
prawa dzieci

chili /ˈt͡ʃɪli/ /ˈt͡ʃɪliː/ chilies chilis n
chili
(countable) The pungent, spicy fresh or dried fruit of any of several cultivated varieties of capsicum peppers, used in cooking.
(uncountable) Powdered chili pepper, used as a spice or flavouring in cooking.

chili pepper chili peppers n
papryka chili
Any fruit of a plant of the botanical genus Capsicum, which has a spicy/burning flavour because it contains capsaicin. (Not all chili peppers are particularly spicy, but all true chili peppers contain some capsaicin, in contrast to e.g. the bell pepper, which is not a true chili pepper and does not.)

chili powder chili powders n
chili
Pulverized dry chilis used for culinary purposes.

chiliagon /ˈkɪliəɡən/ chiliagons n
tysiącokąt
(geometry, rare) A polygon with a thousand vertices and a thousand edges.

chiliahedron /kɪlɪəˈhiːdɹən/ chiliahedra chiliahedrons n
1000[[ściana|-ościan]]
(geometry) A polyhedron bounded by one thousand plane surfaces.

chiliasm /ˈkɪ.lɪæ.z(ə)m/ chiliasms n
chiliazm millenaryzm
Belief in an earthly thousand-year period of peace and prosperity, sometimes equated with the return of Jesus for that period.

chill out v
rozluźnić się uspokoić się wyluzować wyluzować się zrelaksować się
(intransitive, slang) To relax or take time out; to calm down.

chiller /ˈt͡ʃɪlɚ/ chillers n
agregat chłodniczy
a machine that produces cold air, either for air conditioning, to prepare chilled foods etc.

chimaera chimaeras n
chimera przeraza
A cartilaginous marine fish in the subclass Holocephali and especially the order Chimaeriformes, with a blunt snout, long tail, and a spine before the first dorsal fin

chime in v
przytakiwać przytaknąć
(idiomatic) To agree, to harmonize, to concord.

chimera /kaɪˈmɪɹə/ /kəˈmɪɹə/ /kɪˈmɪəɹə/ /kʌɪˈmɪəɹə/ chimeras n
chimera
(figurative) A foolish, incongruous, or vain thought or product of the imagination.
(genetics) An organism with genetically distinct cells originating from two or more zygotes.
chimera przeraza
(zoology) , a cartilaginous marine fish in the subclass Holocephali and especially the order Chimaeriformes, with a blunt snout, long tail, and a spine before the first dorsal fin.

chimney /ˈt͡ʃɪmni/ /ˈt͡ʃɪməni/ chimneys chimnies n
komin dymnik
A vertical tube or hollow column used to emit environmentally polluting gaseous and solid matter (including but not limited to by-products of burning carbon- or hydrocarbon-based fuels); a flue.

chimney fire chimney fires n
pożar w kominie

chimney sweep chimney sweeps n
kominiarz
A person whose job is to clean soot from chimneys.

chimney swift chimney swifts n
kominiarczyk amerykański
A rapid-flying bird that feeds on flying insects, Chaetura pelagica, with a breeding range in the eastern US extending into Canada and winter range in northwestern South America.

chimneyless adj
bezkominowy

chimpanzee /t͡ʃɪmˈpæn.zi/ /ˌt͡ʃɪm.pænˈziː/ /ˌt͡ʃɪm.pənˈziː/ chimpanzees n
szympans szympans zwyczajny
Pan troglodytes, a species of great ape in the genus Pan, native to Africa, and believed by biologists to be the closest extant relative to humans along with the bonobo.
szympans
(broadly) A member of the genus Pan, including the bonobo which was formerly known as the pygmy chimpanzee.

chin /t͡ʃɪn/ chins n
broda podbródek
The bottom of a face, (specifically) the typically jutting jawline below the mouth.

chin up phraseologicalUnit
głowa do góry
(colloquial) Be happy; cheer up.

chinchilla /t͡ʃɪnˈt͡ʃɪlə/ chinchillas n
szynszyla
(countable) Either of two small, crepuscular rodents of the genus Chinchilla, native to the Andes, prized for their very soft fur and often kept as pets.
(uncountable) The fur of a chinchilla, used for clothing.

chine /t͡ʃaɪn/ chines n
obło
(nautical) A sharp angle in the cross section of a hull.

chink /t͡ʃɪŋk/ chinks n
szczelina szpara
A narrow opening such as a fissure or crack.

chinoiserie /ʃiːnwɑːzəˈɹiː/ chinoiseries n
chinoiserie
(arts) A style in art, or an artistic object, that reflects the influence of Chinese art.

chinstrap chinstraps n
pasek pod brodę
A strip of leather or material used to fasten a hat or helmet under the chin.

chinstrap penguin chinstrap penguins n
pingwin antarktyczny pingwin maskowy
A species of penguin, Pygoscelis antarcticus, with a distinctive black strip under the head.

chip /t͡ʃɪp/ chips n
odłamek
A small piece broken from a larger piece of solid material.
szczerba
A damaged area of a surface where a small piece has been broken off.
żeton
(games, gambling) A token used in place of cash.
chip czip kość scalak
(electronics) A circuit fabricated in one piece on a small, thin substrate; a microchip.
chips czips
(US, Canada, Australia, and, New Zealand, especially, in the plural) A thin, crisp, fried slice of potato, a crisp; occasionally a similar fried slice of another vegetable or dried fruit.
lob
(sports) A shot during which the ball travels more predominantly upwards than in a regular shot, as to clear an obstacle.

chip in v
wtrącać się wtrącić się zrzucać się zrzucić się

chip off the old block chips off old blocks chips off the old block n
wykapana matka wykapany ojciec
(idiomatic) Someone who takes after one of their parents; (generally) a person similar to another.

chip shop chip shops n
frytkarnia
(British, Ireland) A fast food outlet which sells fish and chips.

chip shot chip shots n
babol kartofel szmata
(American football) A relatively easy field goal, made from a short distance.

chipmunk /ˈt͡ʃɪp.mʌŋk/ chipmunks n
pręgowiec
A squirrel-like rodent of the genus Tamias, native mainly to North America.

chipset chipsets n
chipset
(computing) A group of integrated circuits that are designed to work together, and are usually marketed as a single product.

chirality /kaɪˈɹælɪti/ chiralities n
chiralność
The phenomenon, in chemistry, physics and mathematics, in which objects are mirror images of each other, but are otherwise identical; handedness

chiro- prefix
chiro-

chirograph chirographs n
cyrograf

chiropractic n
chiropraktyka
(alternative medicine) A system of health care involving manipulation of the spinal column and other body structures, for the purpose of alleviating neuromusculoskeletal dysfunction.

chiropractor /ˈkaɪ.ɹəˌpɹæk.tə(ɹ)/ chiropractors n
kręgarz chiropraktyk
A health-care practitioner who specializes in chiropractic, the hands on or hand-held instrumental movement of the bone structure of the body to improve the function of the joints or nervous system.

chirotope chirotopes n
chiralny matroid

chirp /t͡ʃɘːp/ /t͡ʃɚp/ /t͡ʃɜːp/ chirps n
świergot
A short, sharp or high note or noise, as of a bird or insect.

chirp /t͡ʃɘːp/ /t͡ʃɚp/ /t͡ʃɜːp/ v
świergotać
(intransitive) To make a short, sharp, cheerful note, as of small birds or crickets.

chisel /ˈt͡ʃɪzəl/ chisels n
dłuto przecinak
A cutting tool used to remove parts of stone, wood or metal by pushing or pounding the back when the sharp edge is against the material. It consists of a slim, oblong block of metal with a sharp wedge or bevel formed on one end and sometimes a handle at the other end.

chisel /ˈt͡ʃɪzəl/ v
cyzelować wycyzelować
(transitive) To work something with a chisel.

chit /t͡ʃɪt/ chits n
kartka
(dated) A small sheet or scrap of paper with a hand-written note as a reminder or personal message.

chit-chat v
gawędzić
(intransitive) To engage in small talk, to discuss unimportant matters.

chitinous /ˈkaɪtɪnəs/ more chitinous most chitinous adj
chitynowy
Made of, pertaining to, or resembling chitin.

chiton /ˈkaɪtn̩/ /ˈkaɪtɑn/ /ˈkaɪtɒn/ chitons n
chiton
(historical) A loose woolen tunic worn by men and women in Ancient Greece.
Any of various rock-clinging marine molluscs of the class Polyplacophora, including the genus Chiton.

chitosan chitosans n
chitozan
(carbohydrate) An oligosaccharide derived from chitin, sometimes used in the absorption of fat

chivalry /ˈt͡ʃɪvəlɹi/ /ˈʃɪvəlɹi/ chivalries n
rycerskość
The ethical code of the knight prevalent in Medieval Europe, having such primary virtues as mercy towards the poor and oppressed, humility, honour, sacrifice, fear of God, faithfulness, courage and courtesy to ladies.
Courteous behaviour, especially that of men towards women.

chive /t͡ʃaɪv/ chives n
szczypiorek szczypior czosnek szczypiorek
A perennial plant, Allium schoenoprasum, related to the onion.
szczypiorek
(in the plural) The leaves of this plant used as a herb.

chlamydia /kləˈmɪd.i.ə/ chlamydiae chlamydias n
chlamydia
(uncountable) Any of several common, often asymptomatic, sexually transmitted diseases caused by the microorganism Chlamydia trachomatis.

chlorate chlorates n
chloran
(chemistry) Any salt of chloric acid.

chlorhexidine n
chloroheksydyna

chloric adj
chlorowy
(chemistry) Of a compound, containing chlorine with a higher oxidation number than equivalent chlorous compounds; especially having an oxidation number of 5.

chloric acid n
kwas chlorowy
(chemistry) a strong acid, HClO3, known only in solution and as its chlorate salts; a powerful oxidizing agent

chloride /ˈklɔɹˌaɪd/ /ˈklɔːˌɹaɪd/ chlorides n
chlorek
(chemistry) any salt of hydrochloric acid, such as sodium chloride, or any binary compound of chlorine and another element or radical

chlorinate /ˈklɒ.ɹɪ.neɪt/ v
chlorować
(transitive, chemistry) To add chlorine to (something, especially water, to purify it; or an auriferous substance, to extract gold from it).

chlorine /ˈklɔɹin/ /ˈklɔːɹiːn/ chlorines n
chlor
A toxic, green, gaseous chemical element (symbol Cl) with an atomic number of 17.

chlorine dioxide n
dwutlenek chloru
a reddish-yellow explosive gas, ClO2, used as a water disinfectant and to bleach flour and wood pulp

chlorine trifluoride n
trifluorek chloru
(inorganic compound) A poisonous gaseous binary compound, CF3, of chlorine and fluorine.

chlorite /ˈklɔɹˌaɪt/ /ˈklɔːˌɹaɪt/ /ˈklɔːˌɹʌɪt/ chlorites n
chloryt
(mineral) A dark green mineral resembling serpentine, being a mixed silicate of magnesium, iron and aluminium.
chloryn
(chemistry, countable) Any salt of chlorous acid.

chloro- prefix
chloro-
green in color.
(chemistry) Containing chlorine.

chloroform /ˈklɔːɹə(ʊ)ˌfɔː(ɹ)m/ n
chloroform
(organic compound) A halogenated hydrocarbon, trichloromethane, CHCl3; it is a volatile, sweet-smelling liquid, used extensively as a solvent and formerly as an anesthetic.

chloroform /ˈklɔːɹə(ʊ)ˌfɔː(ɹ)m/ v
chloroformować
To treat with chloroform, or to render unconscious with chloroform.

chlorophyll /ˈklɒɹ.ə.fɪl/ /ˈklɔɹ.ə.fɪl/ /ˈklɔː.ɹə.fɪl/ chlorophylls n
chlorofil
(biochemistry) Any of a group of green pigments that are found in the chloroplasts of plants and in other photosynthetic organisms such as cyanobacteria.

chlorophyte chlorophytes n
zielenica
Any of the green algae that make up the division Chlorophyta

chloroplast /ˈklɔːrəʊˌplæst/ chloroplasts n
chloroplast
(cytology) An organelle, found in the cells of green plants and in photosynthetic algae, where photosynthesis takes place, characterized by a high concentration of chlorophyll and two membranes.

chlorosis chloroses n
chloroza bladaczka blednica
(pathology, countable) An anaemia, due to deficiency of iron, characterized by a yellow-green colouration of the skin; greensickness.

choana /ˈkoʊ.ən.ə/ choanae n
nozdrza tylne

chock /tʃɒk/ /t͡ʃɑk/ chocks n
klin
Any object used as a wedge or filler, especially when placed behind a wheel to prevent it from rolling.

chocolate /t͡ʃɔk(ə)lət/ /ˈt͡ʃɑk(ə)lɪt/ /ˈt͡ʃɒk(ə)lət/ /ˈt͡ʃɒk(ə)lɪt/ /ˈt͡ʃɔk(ə)lət/ /ˈt͡ʃɔk(ə)lɪt/ /ˈt͡ʃɔːk(ə)lət/ more chocolate most chocolate adj
czekoladowy czekolada
Made of or containing chocolate.
Having a dark reddish-brown colour/color.

chocolate /t͡ʃɔk(ə)lət/ /ˈt͡ʃɑk(ə)lɪt/ /ˈt͡ʃɒk(ə)lət/ /ˈt͡ʃɒk(ə)lɪt/ /ˈt͡ʃɔk(ə)lət/ /ˈt͡ʃɔk(ə)lɪt/ /ˈt͡ʃɔːk(ə)lət/ chocolates n
czekolada
(mostly, uncountable) A food made from ground roasted cocoa beans.
(uncountable) A dark, reddish-brown colour/color, like that of chocolate (also called chocolate brown).
pralinka czekoladka
(countable) A single, small piece of confectionery made from chocolate.

chocolate bar chocolate bars n
tabliczka czekolady
A flat slab of chocolate, usually oblong in shape, which can be broken into smaller segments when being eaten, either solid or with a filling such as nuts or caramel.

chocolate hot dog chocolate hot dogs n
balas

chocolate truffle chocolate truffles n
trufel trufla
A confection having a center of ganache and an outer coating of powdered cocoa or chocolate.

choice /t͡ʃɔɪs/ choicer choicest more choice most choice adj
wyborowy
Especially good or preferred.

choice /t͡ʃɔɪs/ choices n
wybór
One selection or preference; that which is chosen or decided; the outcome of a decision.
Anything that can be chosen.
(usually, with the) The best or most preferable part.

choir /kwaɪə(ɹ)/ /kwaɪɚ/ choirs n
chór
A group of people who sing together; a company of people who are trained to sing together.
(architecture) The part of a church where the choir assembles for song.
(Christian angelology) One of the nine ranks or orders of angels.

choirmaster choirmasters n
chórmistrz
the musical director of a choir, who conducts performances and supervises rehearsal

choke /t͡ʃoʊk/ /t͡ʃəʊk/ chokes n
ssanie
A control on a carburetor to adjust the air/fuel mixture when the engine is cold.
uścisk
(sports) In wrestling, karate (etc.), a type of hold that can result in strangulation.

choke /t͡ʃoʊk/ /t͡ʃəʊk/ v
dusić dławić krztusić udusić zadławić zakrztusić
(intransitive) To be unable to breathe because of obstruction of the windpipe (for instance food or other objects that go down the wrong way, or fumes or particles in the air that cause the throat to constrict).
dusić udusić
(transitive) To prevent (someone) from breathing or talking by strangling or filling the windpipe.

chokeberry chokeberries n
aronia
Either of two species in Aronia, formerly and sometimes in Photinia, deciduous shrubs, native to Russia and eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps.
The fruit of such a shrub.

choker /ˈtʃəʊkə/ /ˈt͡ʃoʊkɚ/ chokers n
choker
(fashion) A piece of jewelry or ornamental fabric, worn as a necklace or neckerchief, tight to the throat.
dusiciel dusicielka
One who operates the choke of an engine during ignition.

chole- prefix
chole-
(anatomy, medicine) Relating to bile ducts.

cholecalciferol cholecalciferols n
cholekalcyferol
Vitamin D3

cholecystectomy cholecystectomies n
cholecystektomia
(surgery) The surgical procedure to remove the gall bladder

cholent /ˈt͡ʃoʊlənt/ cholents n
czulent
A meat stew traditionally served on the Sabbath by Jews.

cholera /ˈkɑləɹə/ /ˈkɒləɹə/ choleras n
cholera
(pathology) Any of several acute infectious diseases of humans and domestic animals, caused by certain strains of the Vibrio cholerae bacterium through ingestion of contaminated water or food, usually marked by severe gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, and dehydration.

cholesterol /kəˈlɛstəɹɒl/ /kəˈlɛstɹɒl/ cholesterols n
cholesterol
(biochemistry) A sterol lipid synthesized by the liver and transported in the bloodstream to the membranes of all animal cells; it plays a central role in many biochemical processes and, as a lipoprotein that coats the walls of blood vessels, is associated with cardiovascular disease.

choline /ˈkoʊliːn/ cholines n
cholina
(organic compound) A hydroxy quaternary ammonium compound with formula (CH3)3N+CH2CH2OHX−. It is an essential nutrient for cardiovascular and brain health and for cell membrane formation.

chondrite /ˈkɒndɹaɪt/ chondrites n
chondryt
A meteorite consisting of rock containing chondrules.

chondro- prefix
chondro-

chondrocytic adj
dotyczący chondrocytów

chondroinduction n
indukcja chrząstki

choo-choo train choo-choo trains n
ciuchcia
(childish) A railway train.

choose /t͡ʃuːz/ v
wybierać wybrać
To pick; to make the choice of; to select.

choosy choosier choosiest adj
wybredny
Taking care when choosing that what is chosen best suits one's tastes, desires or requirements.

chop /t͡ʃɑp/ /t͡ʃɒp/ chops n
kotlet bitka
A cut of meat, often containing a section of a rib.

chop /t͡ʃɑp/ /t͡ʃɒp/ v
siekać kroić pokroić
(transitive) To cut into pieces with short, vigorous cutting motions.

chop suey chop sueys n
chop suey
(US, Philippines) A stir-fried vegetable dish, served with pieces of beef or pork in a semi-thick sauce, and often soy sauce.
(Canada, and, British) Steamed bean sprouts served in a semi-thick sauce, and mixed with a choice of meat and/or vegetables.

chop-chop interjection
raz-dwa szybciej
Used to urge someone to do something quickly.

chopper /ˈtʃɒp.ə/ /ˈtʃɔp.ə/ /ˈt͡ʃɑ.pɚ/ choppers n
tasak
A knife for chopping food, especially one with a large oblong blade.

chopping board chopping boards n
deska do krojenia
A sturdy board, used for cutting and preparing food.

chopstick chopsticks n
pałeczka
(usually, in the plural) An East Asian eating utensil usually used as a pair and held in one hand to grip pieces of food or occasionally to mix liquids or scoop up small pieces of food. The utensil is a stick, usually made of wood and measuring approximately 23cm (10 inches) in length.

choral /ˈkɔɹəl/ /ˈkɔːɹəl/ adj
chóralny
Of, relating to, written for, or performed by a choir or a chorus.

chorale /kɔːˈɹɑːl/ chorales n
chorał
(Christianity) A form of Lutheran or Protestant hymn tune.

chord /kɔɹd/ /kɔː(ɹ)d/ chords n
akord
(music) A harmonic set of three or more notes that is heard as if sounding simultaneously.
cięciwa
(rail) A section of subsidiary railway track that interconnects two primary tracks that cross at different levels, to permit traffic to flow between them.

chord progression chord progressions n
progresja sekwencja
(music) A pattern of two or more chords, often chords diatonic to a particular key.

chordate /ˈkɔːdeɪt/ /ˈkɔːɹdeɪt/ chordates n
strunowiec
A member of the phylum Chordata; numerous animals having a notochord at some stage of their development; in vertebrates this develops into the spine.

chore /t͡ʃo(ː)ɹ/ /t͡ʃoə/ /t͡ʃɔɹ/ /t͡ʃɔː/ chores n
zadanie
A task, especially a difficult, unpleasant, or routine one.

chorea /kəˈɹi.ə/ /kəˈɹiːə/ [kʰɵˈɹi.ə] [kʰɵˈɹiːə] choreae choreas choreæ n
pląsawica
(pathology) Any of the various diseases of the nervous system characterized by involuntary muscular movements of the face and extremities; St. Vitus's dance.

choreographer choreographers n
choreograf choreografka
A person who choreographs.

choreography /ˌkɒɹiˌɒɡɹəfi/ /ˌkɔɹiˌɑɡɹəfi/ choreographies n
choreografia
(by extension) The art of creating and arranging sequences of movement for performances of any kind, such as in fight choreography.
(uncountable) The art of creating, arranging and recording the dance movements of a work, such as a ballet.

chorion /ˈkɔɹiɑn/ choria chorions n
kosmówka
(anatomy, biology) The protective and nutritive membrane in higher vertebrates that attaches the fetus to the uterus.

chorister /ˈkwæɹɪstəɹ/ /ˈkwɒɹɪstəɹ/ /ˈkwɪɹɪstəɹ/ /ˈkɒɹɪstə(ɹ)/ /ˈkɔɹɪstɚ/ choristers n
chórzysta chórzystka
A singer in a choir.

chorizo /tʃəˈɹisoʊ/ /t͡ʃoʊˈɹisoʊ/ /t͡ʃoʊˈɹiθoʊ/ /t͡ʃɒˈɹiː.zəʊ/ /t͡ʃɒˈɹiːsəʊ/ /t͡ʃɒˈɹiːθəʊ/ /t͡ʃəˈɹi.tsəʊ/ /t͡ʃəˈɹi.zoʊ/ /t͡ʃəˈɹɪtsəʊ/ chorizos n
chorizo
A spicy Spanish sausage flavoured with paprika, often crumbled for use in filling tacos, quesadillas, etc.

chorography chorographies n
chorografia

choroid /ˈkɒɹ.ɔɪd/ /ˈkɔɹˌɔɪd/ /ˈkɔː.ɹɔɪd/ choroids n
naczyniówka
(anatomy) The pigmented vascular layer of the eyeball between the retina and the sclera.

chorus /ˈkɔɹaɪ/ /ˈkɔɹəs/ /ˈkɔːɹaɪ/ /ˈkɔːɹəs/ chori choruses chorusses n
chór
A group of singers and dancers in a theatrical performance or religious festival who commented on the main performance in speech or song.
A group of singers performing together; a choir; specifically, such a group singing together in a musical, an opera, etc., as distinct from the soloists; an ensemble.
chórek
(often, attributively) A feature or setting in electronic music that makes one instrument sound like many.
refren
A part of a song which is repeated between verses to emphasize the song's content; a refrain.

chosen one chosen ones n
wybraniec
(authorship, informal) A character in a narrative work who is predestined to save the world or do some other grand and heroic accomplishment; one who is predestined to become the one

chough /t͡ʃʌf/ choughs n
wrończyk
Either of two species of bird of the genus Pyrrhocorax in the crow family Corvidae that breed mainly in high mountains and on coastal sea cliffs of Eurasia.
skałowron
The white-winged chough, of genus Corcorax in the Australian mud-nest builders family, Corcoracidae, that inhabits dry woodlands.

choux pastry /ʃuː ˈpeɪstɹi/ choux pastries n
ciasto parzone
A type of light pastry (made just from butter, water, flour and eggs) that is used to make profiteroles, éclairs, chouquettes, etc.

chow down v
ojebać opierdalać opierdolić rąbać zajadać
(idiomatic) To eat, especially to eat vigorously.

chrematonym /kɹɪˈmætənɪm/ chrematonyms n
chrematonim

chrestomathy /kɹɛˈstɒməθi/ chrestomathies n
chrestomatia
A collection of written passages, used to learn an unfamiliar language.

chrism /ˈkɹɪz(ə)m/ chrisms n
krzyżmo
A mixture of oil and balm, consecrated for use as an anointing fluid in certain Christian ceremonies, especially confirmation.

christening /ˈkɹɪs.ə.nɪŋ/ christenings n
chrzest chrzciny
The Christian sacrament at which someone, usually a child, is baptized and given a Christian name.

chromatid /ˈkɹəʊmətɪd/ chromatids n
chromatyda

chromato- prefix
chromato- chromo-

chromatogenous /kɹoʊ.mə.ˈtɑ.d͡ʒə.nəs/ /kɹoʊ.mə.ˈtɒd͡ʒ.ə.nəs/ adj
barwnikotwórczy

chrome /kɹoʊm/ /kɹəʊm/ v
chromować pochromować
(transitive) To plate with chrome.

chromium /ˈkɹoʊ.mi.əm/ chromiums n
chrom
A chemical element (symbol Cr) with an atomic number of 24: a steely-grey, lustrous, hard and brittle transition metal.

chromo- prefix
chromato- chromo-
color

chromosomal adj
chromosomalny chromosomowy
Of or relating to chromosomes.

chromosome /ˈkɹoʊməˌsoʊm/ /ˈkɹoʊməˌzoʊm/ /ˈkɹəʊ.məˌsəʊm/ /ˈkɹəʊ.məˌzəʊn/ chromosomes n
chromosom
(cytology, genetics) A linear arrangement of condensed DNA and associated proteins (such as chaperone proteins) which contains the genetic material (genome) of an organism.

chromosphere chromospheres n
chromosfera
(star) The faint pink extension of a star's atmospheric envelope between the corona and the photosphere

chromospheric adj
chromosferyczny
Of or pertaining to the chromosphere

chronic /ˈkɹɒnɪk/ more chronic most chronic adj
chroniczny
Of a problem, that continues over an extended period of time.
chroniczny przewlekły
(medicine) Prolonged or slow to heal.

chronicle /ˈkrɑnɪkl̩/ /ˈkɹɒnɪkəl/ chronicles n
kronika
A written account of events and when they happened, ordered by time.

chrono- prefix
chrono-
time

chronobiology chronobiologies n
biorytmologia chronobiologia
(biology) The study of the effects of time on biological systems, especially the effects of periodicity

chronoception /ˌkɹoʊ-/ /ˌkɹɑnoʊˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/ /ˌkɹɒnəʊˈsɛpʃn̩/ /ˌkɹəʊ-/ n
percepcja czasu
(physiology) The perception or sense of time.

chronolatry /kɹəʊˈnɒlətɹɪ/ /kɹəˈnɒlətɹi/ /ˌkɹəˈnɑlətɹi/ n
chronolatria
The worship of time.

chronological /ˌkɹɒnəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/ more chronological most chronological adj
chronologiczny
In order of time from the earliest to the latest.

chronologically /ˌkɹɒnəˈlɒdʒɪkli/ /ˌkɹɒnəˈlɒdʒɪkəli/ more chronologically most chronologically adv
chronologicznie
(manner) In a chronological manner; with reference to time.

chronology /kɹəˈnɑl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /kɹəˈnɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ chronologies n
chronologia
(uncountable) The science of determining the order in which events occurred.
(countable) An arrangement of events into chronological order; called a timeline when involving graphical elements.

chronometer /kɹəˈnɑ.mə.tɚ/ /kɹəˈnɒm.ə.tə(ɹ)/ /kɹəˈnɔm.ə.tə(ɹ)/ [kɹəˈnɑ.mə.ɾɚ] chronometers n
chronometr czasomierz
A device for measuring time, particularly a precision mechanism for measuring time of day.

chronourbanism n
cronourbanismo

chrysalis /ˈkɹɪsəlɪs/ chrysalides chrysalises chrysalisses n
poczwarka
The pupa of a butterfly or moth, enclosed inside a cocoon, in which metamorphosis takes place.

chrysanthemum /krɪˈsænθəməm/ chrysanthema chrysanthemums n
złocień chryzantema jastrun jastruń
Any of many flowering perennial plants, of the genus Chrysanthemum, native to China, that have showy radiate heads.

chryselephantine /kɹɪsɛlɪˈfæntɪn/ adj
zrobiony ze złota i kości słoniowej
Made of gold and ivory.

chrysoprase chrysoprases n
chryzopraz
(mineral) A variety of light-green translucent quartz.

chthonian /ˈkθoʊni.ən/ /ˈkθəʊnɪən/ /ˈθəʊnɪən/ /ˈθʊni.ən/ more chthonian most chthonian adj
chtoniczny
Pertaining to the underworld; being beneath the earth.

chthonic /ˈkθɒnɪk/ /ˈθɑnɪk/ more chthonic most chthonic adj
chtoniczny
Dwelling within or under the earth. [from late 18th c.]

chub /t͡ʃʌb/ chub chubs n
kleń
A European chub (Squalius cephalus, syn. Leuciscus cephalus)

chubby /ˈt͡ʃʌbi/ chubbier chubbiest adj
pulchny pyzaty
Of a person: slightly overweight, somewhat fat, and hence plump, rounded, and soft.
Of a body part: containing a moderate amount of fat.

chuck /t͡ʃʌk/ chucks n
karczek karkówka
(cooking) Meat from the shoulder of a cow or other animal.
pacnięcie
A gentle touch or tap.
uchwyt zacisk
(mechanical engineering) A mechanical device that holds an object firmly in place, for example holding a drill bit in a high-speed rotating drill or grinder.

chuckle /ˈt͡ʃʌkəl/ chuckles n
chichot
A quiet laugh.

chuckle /ˈt͡ʃʌkəl/ v
chichotać
To laugh quietly or inwardly.

chugalug adv
duszkiem jednym tchem na hejnał
In continuous gulps

chump /t͡ʃʌmp/ chumps n
matoł
(colloquial, pejorative) An incompetent person, a blockhead; a loser.

chunder /ˈtʃandə/ /ˈtʃɐndə/ /ˈtʃʌndə(ɹ)/ chunders n
rzygać wymiotować
(UK, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, slang) Vomit. [from 1950.]

chunky /ˈt͡ʃʌŋki/ chunkier chunkiest more chunky most chunky adj
przy kości pulchny
(euphemistic, of a person) Fat.

church /t͡ʃɜːt͡ʃ/ /t͡ʃɝt͡ʃ/ churches n
kościół cerkiew zbór
(countable) A Christian house of worship; a building where Christian religious services take place. [from 9th c.]
(uncountable) Organized religion in general or a specific religion considered as a political institution.
kościół wspólnota
(countable) A local group of people who follow the same Christian religious beliefs, local or general. [from 9th c.]
liturgia msza nabożeństwo
(uncountable, countable, as bare noun) Christian worship held at a church; service. [from 10th c.]

church service church services n
nabożeństwo
A formalized period of communal worship, often but not exclusively occurring on Sunday, or Saturday in the case of those churches practicing Sabbatarianism.

churchgoer churchgoers n
wierzący
One who regularly goes to church; a practicing Christian.

churchgoing adj
wierzący
Regularly attending church; being a practicing Christian.

churchkhela churchkhelas n
czurczchela
A traditional sausage-shaped candy originating from Georgia and made from grape must, nuts and flour.

churn /tʃɜːn/ /t͡ʃɝn/ churns n
maselnica kierzanka maślnica
A vessel used for churning, especially for producing butter.

churn /tʃɜːn/ /t͡ʃɝn/ v
burzyć ubijać ubić zburzyć
(transitive) To agitate rapidly and repetitively, or to stir with a rowing or rocking motion; generally applies to liquids, notably cream.

chutney /ˈt͡ʃətni/ /ˈt͡ʃʌtni/ chutneys n
ćatni czatnej gąszcz
A sweet or savory but usually spicy condiment, originally from eastern India, made from a variety of fruits and/or vegetables, often containing significant amounts of fresh green or dried red chili peppers. [from 1813]

chutzpah /ˈxʊts.pɑ/ chutzpahs n
hucpa bezczelność kpina
(informal) Nearly arrogant courage; utter audacity, effrontery or impudence; supreme self-confidence; exaggerated self-opinion.

chypre chypres n
chypre szypr

ciborium /sɪˈbɔəɹɪəm/ ciboria ciboriums n
cyborium
(architecture) A fixed vaulted canopy over a Christian altar, supported on four columns.
(Christianity) A covered receptacle for holding the consecrated wafers of the Eucharist.

cicada /sɪˈkeɪ.də/ /sɪˈkɑ.də/ /sɪˈkɑː.də/ [sɪˈkʰeɪ̯.də] [sɪˈkʰɑː.də] [sɪ̈ˈkʰeɪ̯.ɾə] [sɪ̈ˈkʰɑ.ɾə] cicadae cicadas cicadæ n
cykada
Any of several insects in the superfamily Cicadoidea, with small eyes wide apart on the head and transparent well-veined wings.

cicely cicelies n
marchewnik
Myrrhis odorata, a plant in the genus Myrrhis, in the family Apiaceae.

cicisbeo /ˌtʃɪtʃɪzˈbeɪəʊ/ /ˌt͡ʃit͡ʃəzˈbeɪoʊ/ cicisbei cicisbeos n
cicisbeo
(now, chiefly, historical) A man who escorts a married woman to social functions, especially in 18th-century Italy; a married woman's lover.

cider /ˈsaɪ̯.də/ /ˈsaɪ̯.dɚ/ [ˈsʌɪ̯ɾə(ɹ)] ciders n
cydr jabłecznik
(Australia) A non-alcoholic carbonated beverage made from apples or pears.
(Japan, South Korea) A non-alcoholic, lemon-lime flavored carbonated beverage.

cigar /sɪˈɡɑɹ/ /sɪˈɡɑː(ɹ)/ cigars n
cygaro
A cylinder of tobacco rolled and wrapped with an outer covering of tobacco leaves, intended to be smoked.

cigar lighter cigar lighters n
zapalniczka

cigarette /sɪ.ɡəˈɹɛt/ /ˈsɪ.ɡə.ɹɛt/ cigarettes n
papieros cygareta
Tobacco or other substances, in a thin roll wrapped with paper, intended to be smoked.

cigarette case cigarette cases n
cygarnica papierośnica
A small flat case for holding cigarettes.

cigarette holder cigarette holders n
cygarniczka fifka lufka
A tube-like device that holds a cigarette and through which the cigarette is smoked.

cigarillo /ˌsɪɡəˈɹɪloʊ/ cigarilloes cigarillos n
cygaretka
A thin cigar, differing from a cigarette in being wrapped with tobacco leaves rather than paper.

cilantro /sɪˈlæntɹəʊ/ /sɪˈlɑntɹoʊ/ cilantros n
kolendra
(US) The stems and leaves of the coriander plant, Coriandrum sativum, used as a seasoning and garnish in cooking.

ciliate ciliates n
orzęsek
(zoology) Any of many protozoa, of the phylum Ciliophora, that have many cilia.

cilice cilices n
włosienica
A garment or undergarment made of coarse cloth or animal hair worn close to the skin used by members of various Christian traditions as a self-imposed means of penance (repentance) and mortification of the flesh.

cilium /ˈsɪl.i.əm/ cilia n
rzęska
(cytology) A short microscopic hairlike organelle projecting from a eukaryotic cell (such as a unicellular organism or one cell of a multicelled organism) which serve either for propulsion by causing currents in the surrounding fluid or as sensors.

cimbalom /ˈsɪmbələm/ cimbaloms n
cymbały
A type of concert hammered dulcimer used primarily in the music of Eastern Europe.

cinder /ˈsɪndə(ɹ)/ /ˈsɪndɚ/ cinders n
oparzelina zgorzelina
Partially or mostly burnt material that results from incomplete combustion of coal or wood etc.

cinder block cinder blocks n
pustak betonowy
A lightweight building block made from cinders and concrete.

cinema /ˈsɪn.ə.mə/ /ˈsɪn.ɪ.mɑː/ /ˈsɪn.ɪ.mə/ cinemas n
kino
(countable) A movie theatre, a movie house
(film, uncountable) Films collectively.
kino kinematografia
(film, uncountable) The film and movie industry.
(film, countable, uncountable) The art of making films and movies; cinematography

cinematic /sɪnəˈmætɪk/ more cinematic most cinematic adj
kinowy
Of or relating to the cinema.
(dated) Relating to kinematics; kinematic.

cinematographic more cinematographic most cinematographic adj
filmowy kinematograficzny
of or pertaining to cinematography

cinematography /ˈsɪn.ə.məˌtɒɡ.ɹə.fiː/ cinematographies n
kinematografia
The art, process, or job of filming movies.

cinephile /ˈsɪnəˌfaɪl/ /ˈsɪnɪfɑɪl/ cinephiles n
kinoman kinomanka kinomaniak
An enthusiast of films and the cinema; a cineast.

cinephilia n
kinomania
Enthusiasm for films and the cinema.

cinereous bunting cinereous buntings n
trznadel popielaty
Emberiza cineracea, a passerine bird in the bunting family Emberizidae.

cinnabar /ˈsɪn.əˌbɑɹ/ /ˈsɪn.əˌbɑː(ɹ)/ more cinnabar most cinnabar adj
cynobrowy
Of a bright red colour tinted with orange.

cinnabar /ˈsɪn.əˌbɑɹ/ /ˈsɪn.əˌbɑː(ɹ)/ cinnabars n
cynober
A deep red mineral, mercuric sulfide, HgS; the principal ore of mercury; such ore used as the pigment vermilion.
A bright red colour tinted with orange.

cinnamon /ˈsɪ.mɪn/ /ˈsɪn.ə.mən/ /ˈsɪn.ə.mɪn/ adj
cynamonowy cynamon
Containing cinnamon, or having a cinnamon taste.
Of a yellowish-brown color.

cinnamon /ˈsɪ.mɪn/ /ˈsɪn.ə.mən/ /ˈsɪn.ə.mɪn/ cinnamons n
cynamonowiec cynamon
Several related trees, notably the Indonesian cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanni) and Chinese cinnamon or cassia (Cinnamomum aromaticum or Cinnamomum cassia).
cynamon cynamonowiec
(mostly, uncountable) A spice from the dried aromatic bark of the cinnamon tree, either rolled into strips or ground into a powder. The word is commonly used as trade name for spices made of any of the species above.
cynamonowy
(countable) A warm yellowish-brown color, the color of cinnamon.

cinque /sæŋk/ /sɪŋk/ cinques n
cynek cynk

cipher /ˈsaɪfə/ /ˈsaɪfɚ/ ciphers n
cyfra
A numeric character.
szyfr
A method of transforming a text in order to conceal its meaning.
(cryptography) A cryptographic system using an algorithm that converts letters or sequences of bits into ciphertext.

ciphertext ciphertexts n
szyfrogram
Encoded or encrypted text.

circa /ˈsɜːkə/ /ˈsɝkə/ preposition
circa
Approximately, about, around (typically in relation to time)

circadian /səˈkeɪ.dɪ.ən/ /sɚˈkeɪ.di.ən/ /sɚˈkæd.i.ən/ /ˌsɝ.kəˈdaɪ.ən/ /ˌsɝ.kəˈdi.ən/ adj
całodobowy dwudziestoczterogodzinny
(biology) Of, relating to, or showing rhythmic behaviour with a period of 24 hours; especially of a biological process.

circle /ˈsɜɹkəl/ [ˈsɜː.kəɫ] [ˈsɝ.kəɫ] circles n
okrąg krąg koło
(geometry) A two-dimensional geometric figure, a line, consisting of the set of all those points in a plane that are equally distant from a given point (center).
koło okrąg krąg
A two-dimensional geometric figure, a disk, consisting of the set of all those points of a plane at a distance less than or equal to a fixed distance (radius) from a given point.
kula koło
Any thin three-dimensional equivalent of the geometric figures.
koło krąg
A specific group of persons; especially one who shares a common interest.

circle /ˈsɜɹkəl/ [ˈsɜː.kəɫ] [ˈsɝ.kəɫ] v
obchodzić objeżdżać okrążać
(transitive) To travel around along a curved path.
okrążyć
(transitive) To surround.
zakreślić
(transitive) To place or mark a circle around.
krążyć kołować
(intransitive) To travel in circles.

circle of friends circles of friends n
krąg przyjaciół
A group of close friends who usually do things together.

circle runner circle runners n
obrotowy

circuit /ˈsəɾ.kɪʈ/ /ˈsɜː.kɪt/ /ˈsɜː.kɪʈ/ /ˈsɝ.kɪt/ circuits n
obchód obieg
The act of moving or revolving around, or as in a circle or orbit; a revolution
obwód
The circumference of, or distance around, any space; the measure of a line around an area.
(electricity) Enclosed path of an electric current, usually designed for a certain function.

circuit board circuit boards n
płytka obwodu drukowanego
A board on which electronic components and their interconnecting circuits are mounted or etched

circuit breaker circuit breakers n
bezpiecznik
(electricity) An electrical switch capable of opening and closing an electrical circuit in all operating conditions, including fault situations.

circuitous /sɚˈkjuːətəs/ /sɚˈkjuːɪtəs/ /sɜːˈkjuːɪtəs/ more circuitous most circuitous adj
okrężny
Not direct or to the point.

circuitously more circuitously most circuitously adv
okrężnie
In a circuitous manner; following a circuitous route.

circular /ˈsɜː.kjə.lə(ɹ)/ /ˈsɝ.kjə.lɚ/ more circular most circular adj
okrągły
In the shape of, or moving in a circle.

circular arc circular arcs n
łuk
A continuous section of the circumference of a circle.

circular saw circular saws n
cyrkularka piła tarczowa
A power saw with a circular cutting blade, whose teeth rotate rapidly.

circular sector circular sectors n
wycinek
(geometry) A portion of a circle enclosed by two radii and an arc.

circulatory system /-tɹi-/ /ˌsɜːk(j)uːlətəɹi ˈsɪstəm/ /ˌsɝkjələˌtɔɹi ˈsɪstəm/ circulatory systems n
układ krwionośny człowieka
(physiology) The parts of an animal body comprising the heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), and blood, which circulate the blood around the body. [from mid 19th c.]

circum- prefix
około-
around, surrounding

circumambulation /ˌsɝ.kəmˌæm.bjuˈleɪ.ʃən/ circumambulations n
obejście okrążenie
The act of walking around something in a circle, especially for a ritual purpose.

circumcise /ˈsəːkəmsʌɪz/ v
obrzezać obrzezywać
(military, nautical, slang) To trim off the portion of the barrel liner of a large-caliber naval gun that protrudes from the end of the barrel as a result of the liner slowly stretching from prolonged fire.

circumcised adj
obrzezany
(of a man) Having had the foreskin of the penis excised.

circumcision circumcisions n
obrzezanie
The surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis.

circumference /səˈkam.fɹəns/ /səˈkʌm.fɹəns/ /sɚˈkʌm.fɹəns/ /sɜːˈkʌm.fɹəns/ /sɝːˈkʌm.fɹəns/ circumferences n
obwód
(geometry) The line that bounds a circle or other two-dimensional figure.

circumferential /sə(ɹ).kəm.fəˈɹɛn.ʃəl/ more circumferential most circumferential adj
obwodowy
(not comparable) Of or pertaining to a circumference.

circumfix /səːkəmˈfɪks/ /sɚkəmˈfɪks/ /ˈsəːkəmfɪks/ /ˈsɚkəmfɪks/ circumfixes n
okołorostek
(grammar) An affix containing both a prefixing and a suffixing element existing as a single morphological unit.

circumflex /ˈsɜː.kəmˌflɛks/ /ˈsɝ.kəmˌflɛks/ circumflexes n
daszek
A diacritical mark (ˆ) placed over a vowel in the orthography or transliteration of many languages to change its pronunciation; while in some other languages over a consonant.

circumnavigate /ˌsə.kəmˈnæv.ɪ.ɡeɪt/ /ˌsɝ.kəmˈnæv.ɪ.ɡeɪt/ v
opłynąć dookoła
(transitive) To travel completely around somewhere or something, especially by sail.

circumpolar adj
okołobiegunowy
Located or found throughout a polar region.
(astronomy) Of a celestial body, continually visible above the horizon during the entire 360 degrees of daily travel.

circumscribe /ˈsɜː.kəm.skɹaɪb/ /ˈsɝ.kəm.skɹaɪb/ v
okrążyć obwieść
To draw a line around; to encircle.
ograniczyć
To limit narrowly; to restrict.
opisać opisywać
(geometry) To draw the smallest circle or higher-dimensional sphere that has (a polyhedron, polygon, etc.) in its interior.

circumsolar adj
okołosłoneczny
Surrounding or moving around the Sun

circumspect /ˈsɜː.kəm.spɛkt/ /ˈsɝ.kəm.spɛkt/ more circumspect most circumspect adj
ostrożny
Carefully aware of all circumstances; considerate of all that is pertinent.

circumstance /-aːns/ /-æns/ /-ɑːns/ /ˈsɜːkəmst(ə)ns/ /ˈsɜːkəmstæns/ /ˈsɝ.kəm.ˌstæns/ circumstances n
okoliczność
Something which is related to, or in some way affects, a fact or event.

circus /ˈsɜːkəs/ /ˈsɝkəs/ circi circuses circusses n
cyrk
A traveling company of performers that may include acrobats, clowns, trained animals, and other novelty acts, that gives shows usually in a circular tent. [from late 18th c.]
cyrk rondo
A round open space in a town or city where multiple streets meet.

cirl bunting /səːl ˈbʌntɪŋ/ cirl buntings n
cierlik
A small Old World passerine bird, Emberiza cirlus, of the bunting family (Emberizidae), very similar to the yellowhammer.

cirque /sɜːk/ /sɝk/ cirques n
cyrk lodowcowy kar kocioł
(geology) A curved depression or natural amphitheatre, especially one in a mountainside at the end of a valley.

cirrhosis /sɪˈɹoʊ.sɪs/ cirrhoses n
marskość wątroby marskość
(pathology) A chronic disease of the liver caused by damage from toxins (including alcohol), metabolic problems, hepatitis, or nutritional deprivation, characterised by an increase in fibrous tissue and the destruction of liver cells.

cirrocumulus cirrocumuli n
cirrocumulus baranek
(physics, meteorology) A principal high-level cloud type appearing as a thin, white patch of cloud without shadows, composed of very small droplets in the form of grains or ripples. The elements may be merged or separate, and more or less regularly arranged; they subtend an angle of less than 1° when observed at an angle of more than 30° above the horizon. Holes or rifts often occur in a sheet of cirrocumulus. Abbreviated Cc.

cirrus /ˈsɪɹəs/ cirri n
cirrus chmura pierzasta
(meteorology) A principal high-level cloud type characterised by white, delicate filaments or wisps, of white (or mostly white) patches, or of narrow bands, found at an altitude of above 7000 metres.

cisgender /sɪsˈdʒɛndə/ /sɪsˈd͡ʒɛndɚ/ adj
cispłciowy cisseksualny
Having a gender identity which matches the sex one was assigned at birth; or, pertaining to such people.

cissoid cissoids n
cisoida
(geometry) Any of a family of curves defined as the locus of a point, P, on a line from a given fixed point and intersecting two given curves, C1 and C2, where the distance along the line from C1 to P remains constant and equal to the distance from P to C2.

cistern /ˈsɪs.tən/ /ˈsɪs.tɚn/ cisterns n
cysterna
A reservoir or tank for holding water, especially for catching and holding rainwater for later use.

citadel /ˈsɪtədəl/ /ˈsɪtədɛl/ citadels n
cytadela
A strong fortress that sits high above a city.
(sometimes, figurative) A stronghold or fortified place.

citation needed /-dəd/ /ˌsaɪˈteɪ.ʃn̩ ˈniː.dɪd/ /ˌsaɪˈteɪ.ʃən ˈni.dɪd/ phraseologicalUnit
potrzebne źródło
(originally, Internet slang, chiefly, humorous) Used to designate an assertion or other statement as false, inaccurate, or requiring verification.

citizen /ˈsɪtɪsən/ /ˈsɪtɪzən/ citizens n
obywatel obywatelka
A legally-recognized member of a state, with associated rights and obligations; a person considered in terms of this role. [from 14th c.]
obywatel cywil mieszkaniec mieszkanka
(Christianity) A resident of the heavenly city or (later) of the kingdom of God: a Christian; a good Christian. [from 15th c.]

citizen journalism n
dziennikarstwo obywatelskie
(media) Independent reporting, often by amateurs on the scene of an event, and disseminated via new media.

citizen of the world citizens of the world n
obywatel świata obywatelka świata
A person regarded as part of the global citizenry; specifically, one who takes the view that they belong to no particular country or state.

citizenry citizenries n
obywatele
The group of all citizens; citizens taken collectively.

citizenship /sɪtɪzənʃɪp/ citizenships n
obywatelstwo
The status of being a citizen, in its various senses.
The state of being a citizen, in its various senses.

citrate /ˈsɪtɹeɪt/ citrates n
cytrynian
(organic compound) Any salt or ester of citric acid.

citrine /ˈsɪtɹain/ /ˈsɪtɹin/ /ˈsɪtɹiːn/ /ˈsɪtɹən/ citrines n
cytryn
A brownish-yellow quartz.

citrine wagtail citrine wagtails n
pliszka cytrynowa
Motacilla citreola, a small passerine bird in the family Motacillidae native to Eurasia

citron /ˈsɪtəɹn/ /ˈsɪtɹən/ citrons n
cedrat cytron
A small citrus tree, Citrus medica.
cytron cedrat
The fruit of a citron tree.

citrus /ˈsɪtɹəs/ citri citruses citrusses n
cytrus
Any of several shrubs or trees of the genus Citrus in the family Rutaceae.

citrus fruit citrus fruits n
cytrus
Any of the fruits in the common genus Citrus of flowering plants in the family Rutaceae.

city /sɪtɪ/ /ˈsɪti/ [ˈsɪtʰiː] [ˈsɪɾi] cities n
miasto
(UK) A settlement granted special status by royal charter or letters patent; traditionally, a settlement with a cathedral regardless of size.

city block city blocks n
blok budowlany
The smallest part of a town enclosed by streets.

city car city cars n
samochód miejski
A small car designed to be used primarily in urban areas and conurbations.

city council city councils n
rada miejska
A governing body of people elected to oversee management of a city and represent the interests of residents.

city hall /ˈsɪti ˌhɑl/ /ˈsɪti ˌhɔl/ /ˈsɪti ˌhɔːl/ /ˈsɪtɪ ˌhɔːl/ city halls n
ratusz
The building that houses a city's government.
(figuratively, metonym) The city government; government in general.

city slicker city slickers n
mieszczanin mieszczanka mieszczuch
(colloquial) One accustomed to a city or urban lifestyle or unsuited to life in the country.

city state city states n
miasto-państwo wolne miasto
A sovereign city, as in Ancient Greece, often part of a league of such cities.

civet /ˈsɪ.vɪt/ civets n
cyweta
(countable) A carnivorous catlike animal, Civettictis civetta, that produces a musky secretion. It is two to three feet (30–90 cm) long, with black bands and spots on the body and tail.

civic /ˈsɪvɪk/ more civic most civic adj
obywatelski
Of, relating to, or belonging to a city, a citizen, or citizenship; municipal or civil.

civic duty civic duties n
powinność obywatelska

civics /ˈsɪvɪks/ civics n
wiedza o społeczeństwie
The study of good citizenship and proper membership in a community.

civil /ˈsɪv.əl/ civiler civilest more civil most civil adj
cywilny
(uncomparable) Having to do with people and government office as opposed to the military or religion.
(legal) Relating to private relations among citizens, as opposed to criminal matters.

civil code civil codes n
kodeks cywilny
(legal) A systematic collection of laws addressing dealings between private parties, such as business contracts and negligence lawsuits.

civil disobedience n
obywatelskie nieposłuszeństwo
A form of social protest, involving the active but non-violent refusal to obey certain laws, demands, or commands of an established authority, because they are considered to be morally wrong or detrimental.

civil engineering n
inżynieria lądowa inżynieria wodno-lądowa
The technical design and construction of public works such as bridges, buildings, harbours, public greens, roads, etc., and/or technically equivalent private (usually corporate) ones.

civil law civil laws n
prawo cywilne
(law) The body of law dealing with the private relations between members of a community; it contrasts with criminal law, military law and ecclesiastical law.

civil rights n
prawa obywatelskie
(US) Those rights which are guaranteed protection by the US Constitution and are considered to be unquestionable, deserved by all people under all circumstances, especially without regard to race, creed, religion, sexual orientation, gender, and disability.

civil servant civil servants n
urzędnik państwowy
A person employed in the civil service; a government employee.

civil society civil societies n
społeczeństwo obywatelskie
All of the institutions, voluntary organizations and corporate bodies that are less than the state but greater than the family. [from 19th c.]

civil union civil unions n
rejestrowany związek partnerski
A legal union similar to marriage, established to allow same-sex couples (and, in some jurisdictions, opposite-sex couples) rights similar to those married couples have.

civil war civil wars n
wojna domowa
A war fought between factions of the inhabitants of a single country, or a similar political entity.

civilian /sɪˈvɪljən/ adj
cywilny
Not related to the military, police or other governmental professions.

civilian /sɪˈvɪljən/ civilians n
cywil
A person following the pursuits of civil life, especially one who is not an active member of the armed forces.
(informal) A person who does not belong to a particular group or engage in a particular activity, an outsider.

civilise /ˈsɪvɪlaɪz/ v
cywilizować ucywilizować
To educate or enlighten a person or people to a perceived higher standard of behaviour.

civilization /ˌsɪv.ə.ləˈzeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ [ˌsɪv.ə.lɑeˈzæɪ.ʃən] civilizations n
cywilizacja
An organized culture encompassing many communities, often on the scale of a nation or a people; a stage or system of social, political, or technical development.

civilization /ˌsɪv.ə.ləˈzeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ [ˌsɪv.ə.lɑeˈzæɪ.ʃən] pn
cywilizacja
Collectively, those people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior and / or a high level of development. Commonly subjectively used by people of one society to exclusively refer to their society, or their elite sub-group, or a few associated societies, implying all others, in time or geography or status, as something less than civilised, as savages or barbarians. cf refinement, elitism, civilised society, the Civilised World

civilizational adj
cywilizacyjny
Pertaining to or arising from civilization

civilized /ˈsɪv.ɪ.laɪzd/ more civilized most civilized adj
cywilizowany ucywilizowany
Having a highly developed society or culture; belonging to civilization.

clade /kleɪd/ clades n
klad
(genetics) A higher level grouping of a genetic haplogroup.

claim /kleɪm/ claims n
roszczenie
A demand of ownership for previously unowned land.

claim /kleɪm/ v
twierdzić
To state a new fact, typically without providing evidence to prove it is true.
(intransitive) To be entitled to anything; to deduce a right or title; to have a claim.

clairvoyance /klɛəˈvɔɪəns/ /klɛɹˈvɔɪəns/ clairvoyances n
jasnowidzenie jasnowidztwo
(parapsychology) The power to see or perceive things objects or events beyond the natural range of the senses, such as the past or the future.

clairvoyant /ˌklɛəˈvɔɪ.ənt/ /ˌklɛɹˈvɔɪ.ənt/ clairvoyants n
jasnowidz
A person able to see things that cannot be perceived by the normal senses
A person able to foresee the future

clam /klæm/ [kleəm] clams n
małż
A bivalve mollusk of many kinds, especially those that are edible; for example soft-shell clams (Mya arenaria), hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria), sea clams or hen clam (Spisula solidissima), and other species, possibly originally applied to clams of species Tridacna gigas, a huge East Indian bivalve.
(US, slang, mostly, in the plural) A dollar.

clamp /klæmp/ clamps n
zacisk imadło
A brace, band, or clasp for strengthening or holding things together.
A piece of wood (batten) across the grain of a board end to keep it flat, as in a breadboard.

clan /klæn/ clans n
klan ród
A traditional social group of families in the Scottish Highlands having a common hereditary chieftain
klan
(video games) A group of players who habitually play on the same team in multiplayer games.

clandestine /klænˈdɛst(a)ɪn/ /ˈklændəst(a)ɪn/ /ˈklændɪst(a)ɪn/ more clandestine most clandestine adj
konspiracyjny pokątny tajny ukryty
Done or kept in secret, sometimes to conceal an illicit or improper purpose.

clang /klæŋ/ v
szczękać szczęknąć
(intransitive) To give out a clang; to resound.

clap /klæp/ n
klask
The act of striking the palms of the hands, or any two surfaces, together.
tryper wiewiór
(slang, usually with "the") Gonorrhea.

clap /klæp/ v
klaskać bić brawo
To strike the palms of the hands together, creating a sharp sound.

clapper /ˈklæpɚ/ clappers n
serce
An object so suspended inside a bell that it may hit the bell and cause it to ring; a clanger or tongue.

clapperboard clapperboards n
klaps
(film) A device used in film production, having hinged boards that are brought together with a clap, used to synchronize picture and sound at the start of each take of a motion picture or other video production.

claptrap /ˈklæpˌtɹæp/ claptraps n
ambaje mowa-trawa pustosłowie wodolejstwo
Empty verbiage or nonsense. [from early 19th c.]

claque /ˈklæk/ claques n
klaka
(collective) A group of people hired to attend a performance and to either applaud or boo.

clarification /ˌklæɹɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ clarifications n
klaryfikacja
The act of clarifying; the act or process of making clear or transparent by freeing visible impurities; particularly, the clearing or fining of liquid substances from feculent matter by the separation of the insoluble particles which prevent the liquid from being transparent.

clarified butter clarified butters n
masło klarowane
A cooking fat made by gently heating butter and separating the solids from the butterfat.

clarify /ˈklæɹɪfaɪ/ v
oczyszczać oczyścić wyjaśniać wyjaśnić
(of liquids, such as wine or syrup) To make clear or bright by freeing from feculent matter.

clarinet /ˌklæɹɪˈnɛt/ /ˌklɛɹɪˈnɛt/ clarinets n
klarnet
(musical instruments) A woodwind musical instrument that has a distinctive liquid tone whose characteristics vary among its three registers: chalumeau (low), clarion (medium), and altissimo (high).

clarinetist /ˌklæɹɪˈnɛtɪst/ clarinetists n
klarnecista klarnecistka
Someone who plays the clarinet.

clarity /ˈklæɹ.ə.ti/ /ˈklæɹ.ɪ.ti/ /ˈklɛɹ.ə.ti/ clarities n
jasność klarowność
The state or measure of being clear, either in appearance, thought or style; lucidity.

clasp /klæsp/ /klɑːsp/ clasps n
klamra
A fastener or holder, particularly one that clasps.

class /klas/ /kleəs/ /klæs/ /klɑ(ː)s/ /klɑːs/ classes n
klasa
(countable) A group, collection, category or set sharing characteristics or attributes.
(sociology, countable) A social grouping, based on job, wealth, etc. In Britain, society is commonly split into three main classes: upper class, middle class and working class.
(uncountable) The division of society into classes.
(uncountable) Admirable behavior; elegance.
(education, countable, and, uncountable) A group of students in a regularly scheduled meeting with a teacher.
(countable) A group of students who commenced or completed their education during a particular year. A school class.
(countable) A category of seats in an airplane, train or other means of mass transportation.
(taxonomy, countable) A rank in the classification of organisms, below phylum and above order; a taxon of that rank.
(set theory) A collection of sets definable by a shared property.
(object-oriented, countable) A set of objects having the same behavior (but typically differing in state), or a template defining such a set in terms of its common properties, functions, etc.
kurs
A series of lessons covering a single subject.

class struggle class struggles n
walka klas
Conflict between social or economic classes (especially between the capitalist and proletariat classes); the active expression of a theoretical class conflict looked at from any kind of socialist perspective.

classic /ˈklæs.ɪk/ more classic most classic adj
klasyczny
Exemplary of a particular style; defining a class/category; typical.
Exhibiting timeless quality and excellence.

classical /ˈklæsɪkl̩/ more classical most classical adj
klasyczny
Conforming to the best authority in literature and art; chaste; pure; refined

classical language classical languages n
język klasyczny
(literature, linguistics) An ancient language that has an independent tradition that arose mostly on its own, and has a large and rich body of ancient literature.

classical logic classical logics n
logika klasyczna

classical music classical musics n
muzyka poważna
(music genre) Music of the classical period; the music of Mozart, Haydn, etc; the musical period before the romantic.

classical physics n
fizyka klasyczna
(physics) all aspects of physics developed before the rise of quantum mechanics

classicism classicisms n
klasycyzm
(uncountable) All the classical traditions of the art and architecture of ancient Greece and Rome, especially the aspects of simplicity, elegance and proportion.

classicistic more classicistic most classicistic adj
klasycystyczny
Of or pertaining to classicism.
Of or pertaining to classicists.

classification /ˌklæsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ classifications n
klasyfikacja
The act of forming into a class or classes; a distribution into groups, as classes, orders, families, etc., according to some common relations or attributes.

classified more classified most classified adj
niejawny zastrzeżony
Formally assigned by a government to one of several levels of sensitivity, usually (in English) top secret, secret, confidential, and, in some countries, restricted; thereby making disclosure to unauthorized persons illegal.

classified advertisement classified advertisements n
anons
Any of a list of newspaper or website advertisements included with others under a heading describing the category of product or service offered.

classify /ˈklæs.əˌfaɪ/ /ˈklæs.ɪ.faɪ/ v
klasyfikować
to identify by or divide into classes; to categorize

classism /ˈklæsɪzəm/ classisms n
klasizm
Discrimination or prejudice that is based on social class, especially against those of lower social class.

classless /ˈklæsləs/ more classless most classless adj
aklasowy bezklasowy
Not divided into societal or economic groups.

classmate /ˈklɑːs.meɪt/ classmates n
kolega z klasy koleżanka z klasy
A student who is in the same class at school.

classroom /ˈklasruːm/ /ˈklæsruːm/ /ˈklɑːsɹʊm/ classrooms n
klasa aula
A room, often in a school, where classes take place

clause /klɑz/ /klɔz/ /klɔːz/ clauses n
zdanie składowe
(grammar) A verb along with its subject and their modifiers. If a clause provides a complete thought on its own, then it is an independent (superordinate) clause; otherwise, it is (subordinate) dependent.
klauzula
(legal) A separate part of a contract, a will or another legal document.

claustrophobia claustrophobias n
klaustrofobia
The fear of closed, tight places.

claustrum /ˈklɔːstɹəm/ claustra n
przedmurze
(neuroanatomy) A thin, irregular sheet of grey matter underneath the inner part of the neocortex on both sides of the brains of mammals; its exact function is not understood, but it is believed to facilitate coordination between senses

clavichord /ˈklæv.ɪˌkɔɹd/ /ˈklæv.ɪˌkɔːd/ clavichords n
klawikord
(musical instruments) An early keyboard instrument producing a soft sound by means of metal blades (called tangents) attached to the inner ends of the keys gently striking the strings.

clavicle /ˈklæv.ɪk.l̩/ /ˈklæv.ɪk.əl/ clavicles n
obojczyk
(skeleton) The collarbone; the prominent bone at the top of the chest between the shoulder and the neck connecting the shoulder and the breastbone.

clavicytherium /ˌklæv.ə.saɪˈθɪə.ɹi.əm/ /ˌklæv.ə.saɪˈθɪə.ɹɪ.əm/ clavicytheria clavicytheriums n
claviciterium klawicyterium
(musical instruments) A harpsichord in which the soundboard and strings are mounted vertically facing the player. [early 16th c.]

claw /klɑ/ /klɔ/ /klɔː/ claws n
pazur
A curved, pointed horny nail on each digit of the foot of a mammal, reptile, or bird.
szpon
A foot equipped with such.
szczypce kleszcze
The pincer (chela) of a crustacean or other arthropod.
(botany) A slender appendage or process, formed like a claw, such as the base of petals of the pink.
kleszcze szczypce
A mechanical device resembling a claw, used for gripping or lifting.

claw /klɑ/ /klɔ/ /klɔː/ v
drapać
To scratch or to tear at.
To rail at, revile, or scold (someone or something).

clawed frog clawed frogs n
żaba szponiasta
Any of a group of aquatic carnivorous frogs in the genus Xenopus, which are very small and have small claws.

clay /kleɪ/ [kl̥eɪ] clays n
glina ił
A mineral substance made up of small crystals of silica and alumina, that is ductile when moist; the material of pre-fired ceramics.

clay pit clay pits n
glinianka
A quarry for clay

clayen /ˈkleɪ̯.ən/ adj
gliniany
Of clay; made of clay.

clayey /ˈkleɪ(j)i/ /ˈkleɪi/ clayier clayiest adj
gliniasty
Composed of clay or containing (much) clay; clayish.

claystone claystones n
iłowiec
(geology) Sedimentary rock composed of fine clay particles.

clean /kleːn/ /klin/ /kliːn/ [kʰl̥eːn] [kʰl̥iːn] [kʰl̥ĩn] cleaner cleanest adj
czysty
Not dirty, filthy, or soiled.
(informal) Cool or neat.
przyzwoity
Pure, especially morally or religiously.

clean /kleːn/ /klin/ /kliːn/ [kʰl̥eːn] [kʰl̥iːn] [kʰl̥ĩn] v
czyścić oczyszczać sprzątać oczyścić
(transitive) To remove dirt from a place or object.

clean and jerk clean and jerks n
podrzut
(weightlifting) The act of lifting the barbell from the floor to a resting position across the front of the shoulders (the clean phase), pausing, and thrusting the barbell over the head to a stationary position in one movement (the jerk phase). The normal technique for both parts of this act involves propelling the barbell upwards, quickly lowering the torso, and then straightening the legs.

clean out v
puszczać z torbami puścić z torbami

clean sheet clean sheets n
czyste konto
(soccer) A game played without having conceded a goal.

clean up v
posprzątać sprzątać
(transitive) To make an area or a thing clean; to pick up a mess; to tidy.

clean-shaven more clean-shaven most clean-shaven adj
ogolony
Having had hair (especially facial hair) shaved off, so that it is no longer visible.

cleaner /ˈkli.nɚ/ /ˈkliː.nə/ cleaners n
sprzątacz sprzątaczka
A person whose occupation is to clean floors, windows and other things.

cleaning /ˈkliːnɪŋ/ cleanings n
czyszczenie sprzątanie
(gerund of clean) The process of making something clean.

cleaning agent cleaning agents n
środek czyszczący

cleaning lady cleaning ladies n
sprzątaczka

cleanliness /ˈklɛn.li.nəs/ /ˈklɛn.li.nɪs/ cleanlinesses n
czystość czystota
The property of being cleanly, or habitually clean; good hygiene.

cleanness /ˈkliːn.nəs/ cleannesses n
czystość czystota
The state of being physically clean and free of contamination or dirt; cleanliness.

cleanse /klɛnz/ v
oczyścić
(transitive) To free from dirt; to clean, to purify.
(transitive) To spiritually purify; to free from guilt or sin; to purge.

clear /kliɹ/ /klɪə(ɹ)/ clearer clearest adj
bezbarwny
Transparent in colour.
bezchmurny
Without clouds.
jasny
Free of ambiguity or doubt; easily understood.

clear /kliɹ/ /klɪə(ɹ)/ v
czyścić wymazać
(transitive, computing) To reset or unset; to return to an empty state or to zero.

clear as day adj
czarno na białym
(simile) Quite clear.

clear cut more clear cut most clear cut adj
jasny
(idiomatic) Straightforward, obvious, simple, or basic.

clear one's throat v
odchrząknąć odchrząkiwać
Forcibly, sometimes mutedly, expelling air from one's lungs, sometimes to clear mucus, sometimes to attract attention to something; less vigorous than coughing.

clear the air v
oczyszczać atmosferę oczyścić atmosferę
To assuage a hostile or uncomfortable situation.

clear the market v
oczyszczać rynek oczyścić rynek

clear up v
uspokajać się uspokoić się
(intransitive) Of stormy weather, to dissipate, to become calm.

clearance /ˈklɪəɹən(t)s/ /ˈklɪɹən(t)s/ clearances n
oczyszczanie usuwanie
The act of clearing or something (such as a space) cleared.
odstęp prześwit
The distance between two moving objects, especially between parts of a machine
pozwolenie wiza zezwolenie zgoda
A permission for a vehicle to proceed, or for a person to travel.
pozwolenie zezwolenie zgoda
A permission to have access to sensitive or secret documents or other information.
likwidacja wyprzedaż
(retail) A sale of merchandise, especially at significantly reduced prices, usually in order to make room for new merchandise or updated versions of the same merchandise; sometimes as a closeout.
clearing kliring
(banking, finance) The settlement of transactions involving securities or means of payment such as checks by means of a clearing house.

clearcutting clearcuttings n
zrąb
A forestry practice in which most or all trees in a harvest area are cut down.

clearing /ˈklɪə.ɹɪŋ/ /ˈklɪɹ.ɪŋ/ clearings n
karczowisko karczunek poręba
An area of land within a wood or forest devoid of trees.
clearing kliring
(banking, finance) A process of exchanging transaction information and authorisation through a central institution or system to complete and settle those transactions.

clearly /ˈkliːɹli/ /ˈklɪəli/ /ˈklɪɹli/ clearlier clearliest more clearly most clearly adv
wyraźnie
(manner) In a clear manner.
(modal) Without a doubt; obviously.

cleartext cleartexts n
tekst jawny tekst otwarty
(cryptography) The unencrypted form of an encrypted text; plain text

cleat /kliːt/ cleats n
knaga
(nautical) A device to quickly affix a line or rope, and from which it is also easy to release. Nautical cleat

cleavage /ˈkli.vɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈkliː.vɪd͡ʒ/ [ˈklɪi.vɪd͡ʒ] cleavages n
łupliwość
(mineralogy) The tendency of a crystal to split along specific planes. [from 19th c.]

cleaver /ˈklivɚ/ cleavers n
tasak
A squarish, heavy knife used by butchers for hacking through bones, etc.

cleavers n
przytulia czepna
Galium aparine, a herbaceous annual bedstraw of the family Rubiaceae.

clef /klɛf/ clefs n
klucz
A symbol found on a musical staff that indicates the pitches represented by the lines and the spaces on the staff [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

cleft /klɛft/ clefts n
szczelina
An opening, fissure, or V-shaped indentation made by or as if by splitting.

clematis /ˈklɛmətɪs/ clematis clematises n
powojnik
(botany) Any plant of the genus Clematis, vigorous climbing lianas found throughout the temperate zones.

clementine /ˈklɛməntaɪn/ /ˈklɛməntiːn/ clementines n
klementynka
A type of small, sweet-tasting orange, the result of a hybrid cross between the willowleaf variety of mandarin orange (C. × deliciosa) and a sweet orange (C. × sinensis).

clench one's fists v
zaciskać pięści zacisnąć pięści
To clench one's fists tightly because of anger.

clergy /ˈklɜːdʒi/ /ˈklɝd͡ʒi/ clergies n
kler duchowieństwo
Body of persons, such as priests, who are trained and ordained for religious service.

clergyman /ˈklɜːdʒimən/ /ˈklɝd͡ʒimən/ clergymen n
duchowny kleryk
An ordained (male) Christian minister, a male member of the clergy.

clergyperson clergypeople clergypersons n
duchowny
An ordained (male or female) Christian minister, a member of the clergy.

cleric /ˈklɛɹɪk/ clerics n
kleryk duchowny
A member of the clergy.

clerical /ˈklɛɹɪkəl/ adj
biurowy
Of or relating to clerks or their work.

clerical collar clerical collars n
koloratka
A stiff white collar, having no opening at the front, fastened at the back, worn by members of the Christian clergy.

clerihew /ˈklɛɹɨˌhjuː/ /ˈklɛɹɪ̈ˌhju/ clerihews n
clerihew
A humorous rhyme of four lines with the rhyming scheme AABB, usually regarding a person mentioned in the first line. [from 1920s]

clerk /klɐːk/ /klɑːk/ /klɜːk/ /klɝk/ clerks n
urzędniczka urzędnik
One who occupationally provides assistance by working with records, accounts, letters, etc.; an office worker.

clever /ˈklɛvə/ /ˈklɛvɚ/ cleverer cleverest more clever most clever adj
sprytny bystry zdolny zmyślny
Smart, intelligent, or witty; mentally quick or sharp.

cliché /kliˈʃeɪ/ /ˈkliːʃeɪ/ clichés n
komunał banał frazes sztampa
Something, most often a phrase or expression, that is overused or used outside its original context, so that its original impact and meaning are lost. A trite saying; a platitude. [from 19th c.]

clichéd more clichéd most clichéd adj
schematyczny sztampowy wtórny
Repeated so often that it has become stale or commonplace; hackneyed. [from early 20th c.]

click /klɪk/ [kʰl̥ɪk] interjection
klik
The sound of a click.

click /klɪk/ [kʰl̥ɪk] clicks n
pstryk trzask
A brief, sharp, not particularly loud, relatively high-pitched sound produced by the impact of something small and hard against something hard, such as by the operation of a switch, a lock, or a latch.
mlask
(phonetics) An ingressive sound made by coarticulating a velar or uvular closure with another closure.
klik kliknięcie
The act of operating a switch, etc., so that it clicks.
(GUI) The act of pressing a button on a computer mouse or similar input device, both as a physical act and a reaction in the software.

click /klɪk/ [kʰl̥ɪk] v
klikać kliknąć
(transitive) To cause to make a click; to operate (a switch, etc) so that it makes a click.
(computing) To press and release (a button on a computer mouse).

clickbait /ˈklɪkbeɪt/ clickbaits n
clickbait
(Internet, _, marketing, pejorative) Website content that is aimed at generating advertising revenue, especially at the expense of quality or accuracy, relying on sensationalist headlines to attract click-throughs; such headlines.

client /ˈklaɪ.ənt/ clients n
klient klientka kupujący usługobiorca
A customer, a buyer or receiver of goods or services.
klient
(computing) The role of a computer application or system that requests and/or consumes the services provided by another having the role of server.
delikwent delikwentka interesant interesantka petent petentka
A person who receives help or services from a professional such as a lawyer or accountant.

client state client states n
państwo uzależnione
A state that is economically, politically and/or militarily dependent on another, more powerful state. Originally, the realm of a client king of Rome.

clientele /klaɪ.ənˈtɛl/ /kliː.ɒnˈtɛl/ [klaɪ.n̩ˈtɛl] [kliː.n̩ˈtel] [klɑɪ.n̩ˈtel] clienteles n
klientela
The body or class of people who frequent an establishment or purchase a service, especially when considered as forming a more-or-less homogeneous group of clients in terms of values or habits.

cliff /klɪf/ [kl̥ʰɪf] cliffs n
klif
A vertical (or nearly vertical) rock face.

cliffhanger /ˌklɪfˈhæŋ.ə(ɹ)/ cliffhangers n
cliffhanger zawieszenie akcji
(narratology) An ending or stopping point calculated to leave a story unresolved, in order to create suspense.

climacterial adj
klimaksowy klimakteryczny

climacterium climacteria n
klimakterium klimaks

climactic /ˌklaɪˈmæk.tɪk/ more climactic most climactic adj
klimaksowy

climate /ˈklaɪ.mət/ /ˈklaɪ.mɪt/ climates n
klimat
The long-term manifestations of weather and other atmospheric conditions in a given area or country, now usually represented by the statistical summary of its weather conditions during a period long enough to ensure that representative values are obtained (generally 30 years).
(figuratively) The context in general of a particular political, moral, etc., situation.

climate change /ˈklaɪmət ˌtʃeɪndʒ/ climate changes n
zmiany klimatu
Rapid, large-scale, and long-term change in the Earth's climatic system produced by global warming; anthropogenic climate change.

climate denier climate deniers n
zaprzeczająca zmianie klimatu zaprzeczający zmianie klimatu

climate refugee climate refugees n
uchodźca klimatyczny
A person who is forced to relocate in response to anthropogenic climate change that has made their region unliveable.

climatic /klaɪˈmætɪk/ adj
klimatyczny
Of, relating to, or influenced by climate.

climatological more climatological most climatological adj
klimatologiczny
Of or pertaining to climatology.

climatologist climatologists n
klimatolog
A person who studies, professes or practices climatology.

climatology /klaɪ.mɪˈtɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /klaɪ.mɪˈtɒ.lə.d͡ʒi/ climatologies n
klimatologia
The science that deals with climates, and investigates their phenomena and causes.

climax /ˈklaɪ.mæks/ climaces climaxes n
gradacja klimaks
(originally, rhetoric) A rhetorical device in which a series is arranged in ascending order.
klimaks
(narratology) The culmination of a narrative's rising action, the turning point.
(euphemistic) The culmination of sexual pleasure, an orgasm.
(ecology) The culmination of ecological development, whereby species are in equilibrium with their environment.

climb /klaɪm/ climbs n
wchodzenie wejście wspinaczka
An act of climbing.

climb /klaɪm/ v
rosnąć wzrosnąć
(intransitive) To ascend; rise; to go up.
wleźć włazić
(transitive) To mount; to move upwards on.
wspinać wspiąć
(transitive) To scale; to get to the top of something.
(intransitive) To practise the sport of climbing.
wdrapać wdrapywać
(transitive) To move (especially up and down something) by gripping with the hands and using the feet.
piąć
(botany) Of plants, to grow upwards by clinging to something.

climbing shoe climbing shoes n
but wspinaczkowy
A kind of close-fitting footwear designed for rock climbing

climbing wall climbing walls n
ściana wspinaczkowa
(climbing) An artificial wall used for the sport of climbing

clinch /klɪnt͡ʃ/ clinches n
klamra
(wrestling, combat sports) The act of one or both fighters holding onto the other to prevent being hit or engage in standup grappling.

cling /ˈklɪŋ/ v
przylgnąć
To hold very tightly, as to not fall off.

clingy /ˈklɪŋi/ clingier clingiest adj
przylepny
Having a tendency to cling.

clinic /ˈklɪnɪk/ clinics n
klinika przychodnia
A medical facility, such as a hospital, especially one for the treatment and diagnosis of outpatients.

clinical /ˈklɪnɪkəl/ more clinical most clinical adj
kliniczny
(medicine) Dealing with the practical management of patients, in practice#Noun at the point of care; as contrasted with other health care venues (see clinical medicine#Noun for more explanation).
Of or pertaining to a clinic, such as a medical clinic or law clinic.
bezduszny beznamiętny
Cool and emotionless; in a professional way, as contrasted with an impetuous#Adjective or unprofessional#Adjective way.

clinical death clinical deaths n
śmierć kliniczna
(medicine, legal) A state in which usual medically observable vital signs—such as respiration, heartbeat, and corneal reflex—are not present, but from which patients are sometimes revived.

clinical psychology n
psychologia kliniczna
(psychology) A branch of psychology with the purpose of understanding, preventing, and relieving psychologically based distress or dysfunction and to promote subjective well-being and personal development.

clinical trial clinical trials n
eksperyment kliniczny
(medicine) A test of a medication or other medical treatment (such as a medical device), usually a comparison against a placebo, other medications or devices, or the standard medical treatment for a patient's condition.

clinicality /ˌklɪnɪˈkælɪti/ n
bezduszność

clinician /klɪˈnɪʃən/ clinicians n
klinicysta klinicystka
(chiefly, US) Someone who conducts a clinic; an expert or skilled practitioner in a particular field, such as business or education. In this sense, a clinician is someone who provides practical advice or hands-on assistance to others in a specific area of expertise. For example, a business clinician might be an experienced consultant who helps companies improve their operations, while an education clinician might be a skilled teacher who provides professional development and support to other educators.

clip art n
clipart klipart
(computing) A set of images, distributed as files with other software, that may be copied and pasted into documents or other files.

clip someone's wings v
podcinać skrzydła podciąć skrzydła
(idiomatic) To restrict someone's freedom.

clipboard clipboards n
schowek
(computing) A buffer in memory where the user can store data temporarily while transferring it from one place within an application to another or between applications.

clipper clippers n
kliper
(nautical) Any of several forms of very fast sailing ships having a long, low hull and a sharply raked stem.

clippety-cloppety n
patataj
The sound a horse makes when walking on a hard surface in horseshoes

clique /kliːk/ /ˈklɪk/ cliques n
klika banda koteria stronnictwo
A small, exclusive group of individuals, usually according to lifestyle or social status; a cabal.

clitic /ˈklɪtɪk/ clitics n
klityka
(linguistics) A morpheme that functions like a word, but never appears as an independent word, instead being always attached to a following or preceding word (or, in some cases, within a surrounding word).

clitoral hood clitoral hoods n
napletek łechtaczki
(anatomy) A prepuce or fold of skin that surrounds the clitoris; homologous with the male foreskin.

clitoridectomy clitoridectomies n
klitoridektomia
(surgery) The surgical procedure to remove all or part of the clitoris; female circumcision

clitoris /klɪˈtɔɹɪs/ /ˈklɪtəɹɪs/ clitorides clitorises n
łechtaczka
(anatomy) A sensitive elongated erectile organ at the anterior part of the vulva in female humans and mammals, homologous with the penis. [from 17th c.]

cloak /ˈkloʊk/ cloaks n
peleryna
A long outer garment worn over the shoulders covering the back; a cape, often with a hood.

cloak-and-dagger adj
potajemny
Marked by menacing furtive secrecy, often with a melodramatic tint or espionage involved.

cloakroom /ˈkləʊkɹuːm/ /ˈkləʊkɹʊm/ cloakrooms n
szatnia bagażownia
(British, Irish, India) A room intended for holding luggage, as at an airport.

cloche /kloʊʃ/ /klɒʃ/ cloches n
klosz
A glass covering, originally bell-shaped, for garden plants to prevent frost damage and promote early growth.

clock /klɑk/ /klɒk/ /klɔk/ [kl̥ɒχ] clocks n
zegar
(attributive) A common noun relating to an instrument that measures or keeps track of time.
(electronics) An electrical signal that synchronizes timing among digital circuits of semiconductor chips or modules.

clock face clock faces n
cyferblat tarcza
The surface of a clock that contains the dial and hands.

clock is ticking phraseologicalUnit
zegar tyka
(idiomatic, almost always preceded by the and often followed by for) Time is running out; a deadline is approaching.

clock tower clock towers n
wieża zegarowa
(architecture) A tower, usually in a prominent position, having a large clock in a high position, often with several faces.

clockmaker clockmakers n
zegarmistrz zegarmistrzyni
A person who makes and/or maintains clocks.

clockwise /ˈklɒkwaɪz/ adj
prawoskrętny zgodny z ruchem wskazówek zegara
Moving clockwise; having rotary motion in the manner of a clock.

clockwise /ˈklɒkwaɪz/ adv
prawoskrętnie zgodnie z ruchem wskazówek zegara
In a curve or twist corresponding to the movement of the hands of a clock.

clockwork /ˈklɑkwɝk/ /ˈklɒkwɜːk/ clockworks n
zegarowy mechanizm sprężynowy
A mechanism powered by a coiled spring and regulated by some form of escapement; the power is transmitted through toothed gearwheels and used to drive a mechanical clock, toy, or other device.

clod /klɑd/ /klɒd/ clods n
grudka
A lump of something, especially earth or clay.
Part of a shoulder of beef, or of the neck piece near the shoulder.

clog /klɑɡ/ /klɒɡ/ /klɔɡ/ clogs n
drewniak
A type of shoe with an inflexible, often wooden sole sometimes with an open heel.

clog /klɑɡ/ /klɒɡ/ /klɔɡ/ v
zatkać zatykać zapchać zapychać
To block or slow passage through (often with 'up).

cloister /ˈklɔɪstə/ /ˈklɔɪstɚ/ cloisters n
krużganek
A covered walk with an open colonnade on one side, running along the walls of buildings that face a quadrangle; especially:
klasztor krużganek
A place, especially a monastery or convent, devoted to religious seclusion.
klauzura
(figuratively) The monastic life.

clone /kloʊn/ /kləʊn/ clones n
klon
A living organism (originally a plant) produced asexually from a single ancestor, to which it is genetically identical.
A copy or imitation of something already existing, especially when designed to simulate it.

clone /kloʊn/ /kləʊn/ v
klonować sklonować
(transitive) To create a clone of.

clop /klɒp/ clops n
tętent
(onomatopoeia) The sound of a horse's shod hoof striking the ground.

close /kloʊs/ /kləʊs/ closer closest adj
bliski
At a little distance; near.
Intimate; well-loved.

close /kloʊz/ /kləʊz/ v
zamykać zamknąć
(ambitransitive) To move a thing, or part of a thing, nearer to another so that the gap or opening between the two is removed.
(ergative, computing) To terminate an application, window, file or database connection, etc.
(transitive) To put an end to; to conclude.

close ranks v
zewrzeć szeregi zwierać szeregi
(figuratively) To regroup forces, especially when this involves overlooking differences in order to face a challenge or adverse situation. Often implies making a show of unity, especially to the public.

close shave close shaves n
było blisko mało brakowało o mały włos
(figuratively) A near accident or mishap; a dangerous or risky encounter or incident.

close the stable door after the horse has bolted v
mądry Polak po szkodzie
(idiomatic) To attempt to prevent a problem that has already occurred; to design and implement a preventive mechanism too late (after the first failure instead of before).

close to preposition
blisko
Near.

close to one's heart closer to one's heart closest to one's heart adj
bliski sercu drogi sercu miły sercu
Deeply cared about; beloved or being the object of great concern.

close, but no cigar /ˈkloʊs bʌt noʊ sɪˈɡɑɹ/ /ˈkləʊs bʌt nəʊ sɪˈɡɑː/ phraseologicalUnit
prawie robi wielką różnicę
(idiomatic, originally, US, colloquial) Used to indicate that one is almost correct or has almost succeeded, but not quite. [from early 20th c.]

close-knit closer-knit closest-knit more close-knit most close-knit adj
zgrany
(of a group) Closely linked or connected, as by a common identity, culture, or bond.

closed /kloʊzd/ /kləʊzd/ adj
zamknięty
Sealed, made inaccessible or impassable; not open.
(of a store or business) Not operating or conducting trade.
(mathematics, of a set) Such that its image under the specified operation is contained in it.
domknięty
(topology, of a set) Having an open complement.

closed form closed forms n
wzór jawny
(mathematics) A form (expression) that does not use limits, implicitly or explicitly.
(mathematics) A differential form whose exterior derivative is zero.

closed question closed questions n
pytanie zamknięte

closed set closed sets n
zbiór domknięty

closely /ˈkləʊsliː/ closelier closeliest more closely most closely adv
blisko
In a close manner.

closen /ˈkloʊsən/ /ˈkləʊsən/ v
bliżyć bliżyć się
(ambitransitive) To make or become close.

closeness /ˈkloʊs.nəs/ /ˈkləʉs.nəs/ /ˈkləʊs.nəs/ closenesses n
bliskość
The state of being friends

closer /ˈkloʊ.zɚ/ /ˈkləʊ.zɚ/ closers n
bliżej
(baseball) A relief pitcher who specializes in getting the last three outs of the game. See Wikipedia:closer (baseball)

closet /ˈklɑzɪt/ /ˈklɒzɪt/ closets n
szafa
A small room within a house used to store clothing, food, or other household supplies.
(obsolete) Any private space, (particularly) bowers in the open air.
(archaic) A private room used for prayer or other devotions.
(figuratively, archaic) A place of (usually, fanciful) contemplation and theorizing.
(now, rare) Any private or inner room, (particularly):
(obsolete) A private room used by women to groom and dress themselves.
(obsolete) A pew or side-chapel reserved for a monarch or other feudal lord.
(archaic) One used to store curiosities.
(figuratively) A secret or hiding place, (particularly) the hiding place in English idioms such as in the closet and skeleton in the closet.
(obsolete) One used to store valuables.
(slang, uncommon) .
A private cabinet, (particularly):
(US, Philippines) One intended for storing clothes or bedclothes.
(now, chiefly, Scotland, Ireland) Any small room or side-room, (particularly):
(obsolete) , (later, UK) : a room containing a toilet.
(heraldiccharge) An ordinary similar to a bar but half as broad.
(Scotland, obsolete) A sewer.
A state or condition of secrecy, privacy, or obscurity.
szafa komórka
(archaic) The private residence or private council chamber of a monarch.

closing credits n
napisy końcowe
The credits shown at the end of a film, TV program, etc.

closure /ˈkloʊ.ʒɚ/ /ˈkləʉ.ʒə(ɹ)/ /ˈkləʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/ closures n
domknięcie
(topology, of a set) The smallest closed set which contains the given set.

clot /klɒt/ clots n
skrzep
A thrombus, solidified mass of blood.
grudka
A solidified mass of any liquid.

clot /klɒt/ v
krzepnąć
(transitive) To cause to clot or form into a mass.

cloth /kloʊθ/ /klɑθ/ /klɒθ/ /klɔːθ/ /klɔθ/ clothes cloths n
tkanina materiał sukno płótno
(countable, uncountable) A fabric, usually made of woven, knitted, or felted fibres or filaments, such as used in dressing, decorating, cleaning or other practical use.
(metaphoric) Appearance; seeming.
szmata
(countable) A piece of cloth used for a particular purpose.

clothes /kloʊ(ð)z/ /kləʊ(ð)z/ n
odzież ubranie ubrania
(plural only) Items of clothing; apparel.

clothes don't make the man proverb
nie szata zdobi człowieka
You cannot accurately judge a person solely by appearances.

clothes dryer clothes dryers n
suszarka do ubrań
An electrical appliance used for drying clothes, usually by tumbling them in a heated rotating drum.

clothes iron clothes irons n
żelazko
A hand-held device with a heated flat metal base used to smooth out wrinkles in clothes; an iron.

clothes moth clothes moths n
mól
Any of several small, yellowish or buff-colored moths of the family Tineidae, feeding on textiles (wool, fur, feathers).

clothes peg clothes pegs n
klamerka spinacz żabka
(British, Australia, NZ) An object (usually made of wood or plastic) used to attach wet laundry to a clothesline so that it (the laundry) can dry.

clothes stand clothes stands n
wieszak
A simple upright piece of furniture, such as a pole with pegs, for hanging clothes on.

clothes tree clothes trees n
wieszak
A pole with pegs for temporary storage of clothing.

clothier /ˈkloʊðiə(ɹ)/ clothiers n
sukiennik
A person who makes or sells cloth or clothing.

clothing /ˈkloʊðɪŋ/ /ˈkləʊðɪŋ/ clothings n
odzież odzienie ubrania
An act or instance of putting clothes on.

cloud /klaʊd/ clouds n
chmura obłok
A visible mass of water droplets suspended in the air.
Any mass of dust, steam or smoke resembling such a mass.
Anything which makes things foggy or gloomy.
A group or swarm, especially suspended above the ground or flying.
(computing, with "the") The Internet, regarded as an abstract amorphous omnipresent space for processing and storage, the focus of cloud computing.

cloud cover n
zachmurzenie
(meteorology) The percentage or fraction of the sky obscured by clouds.

cloud nine /ˈklaʊd ˈnaɪn/ n
siódme niebo w siódmym niebie
(idiomatic) Often in the phrase on cloud nine: a state of bliss, elation or happiness.

cloud up v
chmurzyć się pochmurnieć
(of a clear liquid or surface) To become cloudy or clouded.

cloud-cuckoo-land /klaʊdˈkʊkuːlænd/ n
Chmurny Kukułczyn
An imaginary place where silly or unrealistic people metaphorically reside.

cloudberry /ˈklaʊdbəɹi/ /ˈklaʊdbɹi/ /ˈklaʊdˌbɛɹi/ cloudberries n
moroszka
A species of slow-growing bramble, Rubus chamaemorus.
malina moroszka moroszka
The fruit of these plants.

cloudburst /ˈklaʊdˌbɜːst/ /ˈklaʊdˌbɝst/ cloudbursts n
oberwanie chmury
A sudden heavy rainstorm.

clouded leopard clouded leopards n
pantera mglista
A medium-sized, arboreal cat (Neofelis nebulosa) found in Southeast Asia. It has a disproportionately long tail and canines, and a tawny coat with dark, irregular, oval markings.

cloudiness cloudinesses n
pochmurność zachmurzenie
Of the sky, weather, etc.: the state of being cloudy.

cloudless more cloudless most cloudless adj
bezchmurny
Without any clouds.

cloudlessly more cloudlessly most cloudlessly adv
bezchmurnie

cloudy /ˈklaʊdi/ /ˈklaʊːdɪ/ /ˈkɫaʊdi/ cloudier cloudiest adj
pochmurny zachmurzony
Covered with or characterised by clouds; overcast.

clout /klaʊt/ /klʌʊt/ clouts n
znaczenie polityczne
(informal) Influence or effectiveness, especially political.

clout nail clout nails n
gwóźdź papowy

clove /kloʊv/ /kləʊv/ cloves n
goździk
(uncountable, countable) A very pungent aromatic spice, the unexpanded flower bud of the clove tree.
ząbek
(horticulture, cooking) One of the small bulbs formed in the axils of the scales of a large bulb.
drzewo goździkowe goździkowiec korzenny
(countable) A clove tree, of the species Syzygium aromaticum (syn. Caryophyllus aromaticus), native to the Moluccas (Indonesian islands), which produces the spice.

clove hitch clove hitches n
wyblinka
(nautical) a bend formed by two half hitches in the same direction, used to make a line fast to a spar or to a larger rope; it will not slip

cloven hoof cloven hooves n
racica
A divided hoof, as on bovine animals.

clover /ˈkloʊ.vɚ/ /ˈkləʉ.və(ɹ)/ /ˈkləʊ.və(ɹ)/ clovers n
koniczyna dzięcielina
A plant of the genus Trifolium with leaves usually divided into three (rarely four) leaflets and with white or red flowers.

cloverleaf interchange cloverleaf interchanges n
koniczynka
(US, Canada) A junction of two highways, one crossing over the other, having a series of exit and entrance ramps, arranged in the form of a four-leaf clover, such that traffic may proceed from either highway in all directions.

clown /klaʊn/ clowns n
klaun błazen
A slapstick performance artist often associated with a circus and usually characterized by bright, oversized clothing, a red nose, face paint, and a brightly colored wig.
pajac błazen
A person who acts in a silly fashion.

clownery clowneries n
błazenada błazeństwo
The behaviour of a clown; clownishness, tomfoolery.

clownfish clownfish clownfishes n
błazenek
Any of colorful fish of genera Amphiprion and Premnas in subfamily Amphiprioninae of family Pomacentridae, native to the Pacific and Indian Oceans, notable for their mutual relationship with sea anemones.

clowning /ˈklaʊnɪŋ/ clownings n
błazenada błazeństwo

clownish /ˈklaʊnɪʃ/ more clownish most clownish adj
błazeński błaznowaty
Resembling or characteristic of a circus clown; comical, ridiculous.

clownishly more clownishly most clownishly adv
błazeńsko

clownlike more clownlike most clownlike adj
błazeński błaznowaty
Resembling a clown or some aspect of clowns.

club /klʌb/ clubs n
klub stowarzyszenie
An association of members joining together for some common purpose, especially sports or recreation.
kij
An implement to hit the ball in certain ball games, such as golf.
maczuga
A heavy object, often a kind of stick, intended for use as a bludgeoning weapon or a plaything.
trefl dzwonka żołądź
(card games) A black clover shape (♣), one of the four symbols used to mark the suits of playing cards.

club /klʌb/ v
pałować spałować
(transitive) To hit with a club.

club moss club mosses n
widłak
Any of various simple microphyllous vascular plants, of the family Lycopodiaceae, that resemble mosses and produce spores.

club soda club sodas n
sodówka woda gazowana woda sodowa
(North America) A carbonated beverage consisting mainly of carbonated water, with or without a few other minor ingredients such as potassium citrate.

club together v
zrzucać zrzucić
(finance) To contribute money jointly with others.

clubbing /ˈklʌbɪŋ/ clubbings n
clubbing
(uncountable) The practice of frequenting nightclubs.

clubs /klʌbz/ n
trefl żołądź
(card games) One of the four suits of playing cards, marked with the symbol ♣.

cluck /klʌk/ clucks n
gdakanie
The sound made by a hen, especially when brooding, or calling her chicks.

cluck /klʌk/ v
gdakać
(transitive) To cause (the tongue) to make a clicking sound.

clue /kljuː/ /kluː/ clues n
podpowiedź
Information which may lead one to a certain point or conclusion.

clueless /ˈkluː.ləs/ more clueless most clueless adj
zielony
Lacking knowledge or understanding; uninformed; oblivious.

clumsily more clumsily most clumsily adv
niezdarnie niezgrabnie
In a clumsy manner or way; without care or finesse, often hurriedly or awkwardly.

clumsy /ˈklʌmzi/ clumsier clumsiest adj
niezgrabny niezdarny
Awkward, lacking coordination, not graceful, not dextrous.
niezgrabny
Awkward or inefficient in use or construction, difficult to handle or manage especially because of shape.

clunker /ˈklʌŋkɚ/ clunkers n
dezel grat gruchot rupieć rzęch strucel
(informal) A decrepit motor car.
grat rupieć złom
(informal) Anything which is in poor condition or of poor quality.

cluster /ˈklʌstə/ /ˈklʌstɚ/ clusters n
gromada
(astronomy) A group of galaxies, nebulae, or stars that appear to the naked eye to be near each other.
grono
(epidemiology) A group of cases of the same disease occurring around the same place or time.
(linguistics) Synonym of lexical bundle (“a sequence of two or more words that occur in a language with high frequency but are not idiomatic”)
grono kasetowy
A set of bombs or mines released as part of the same blast.
grono skupisko
A bunch or group of several discrete items that are close to each other.
klaster
(music) A secundal chord of three or more notes.
A group of computers that work together.
A logical data storage unit containing one or more physical sectors (see block).
zbitka
(phonetics) A pronounceable group of consonants that occur together.

clusterfuck /ˈklʌs.təˌfʌk/ /ˈklʌs.tɚˌfʌk/ clusterfucks n
pierdolnik burdel chujnia jebutnia pierdolnia przypał
(slang, vulgar) A chaotic situation where everything seems to go wrong, often caused by communication failure, a complex environment, or incompetence.

clutch /klʌt͡ʃ/ clutches n
grupa lęg
A group or bunch (of people or things). [from 20th c.]
sprzęgło
A device to interrupt power transmission, commonly used to separate the engine and gearbox in a car. [from 19th c.]
sprzęgło pedał sprzęgła
The pedal in a car that disengages power and torque transmission from the engine (through the drivetrain) to the drive wheels.
koperta kopertówka
A small handbag or purse with no straps or handle.

cluttered more cluttered most cluttered adj
zaśmiecony
Scattered with a disorderly mixture of objects that take up space; littered.

clypeus /ˈklɪpɪəs/ clypei n
nadustek
(entomology) The shield-shaped front part of an insect's head or a spider's cephalothorax.

cnidarian /naɪˈdeɹ.i.ən/ /nɪˈdeɹ.i.ən/ /nɪˈdɛː.ɹɪ.ən/ /nʌɪˈdɛː.ɹɪ.ən/ cnidarians n
parzydełkowiec
(zoology) Any of various invertebrate animals, such as jellyfish, hydras, sea anemones, corals and formerly sponges and ctenophores that belong to the phylum Cnidaria. [from 19th c.]

cnidocyte cnidocytes n
parzydełko
(biology) A capsule, in certain cnidarians, containing a barbed, string-like tube that transfers a paralyzing sting. Synonyms: nematocyst,cnidoblast

co- /kɒ/ /ˈkoʊ-/ /ˈkəʉ-/ /ˈkəʊ-/ prefix
współ-
together; mutually; jointly

co-cathedral co-cathedrals n
konkatedra
(Christianity) One of a group of churches (usually a pair) which share the function of being the seat of a bishop.

co-ed /ˌkoʊˈɛd/ more co-ed most co-ed adj
koedukacyjny
Of an educational institution, teaching both males and females.
Mixing males and females; unisex; mixed-gender.

co-ed /ˌkoʊˈɛd/ co-eds n
studentka
(US, dated, informal) A young woman who attends college.

co-owner co-owners n
współwłaściciel
Someone who owns something together with one or more other people.

co-religionist /kəʊɹɪˈlɪdʒənɪst/ co-religionists n
współwyznawca współwyznawczyni
A fellow follower of one's religion.

co-responsible more co-responsible most co-responsible adj
współodpowiedzialny

coach /koʊt͡ʃ/ /kəʊtʃ/ [kʰoʊ̯t͡ʃ] [kʰəʊ̯tʃ] adv
trenować
(chiefly, US) Via the part of a commercial passenger airplane or train reserved for those paying the lower standard fares; via the economy section.

coach /koʊt͡ʃ/ /kəʊtʃ/ [kʰoʊ̯t͡ʃ] [kʰəʊ̯tʃ] coaches n
kareta powóz
A wheeled vehicle, generally drawn by horse power.
wagon
(rail, UK, Australia) A passenger car, either drawn by a locomotive or part of a multiple unit.
trener trenerka
(originally, Oxford University, _, slang) A trainer or instructor.
autokar
(British, Australia) A long-distance, or privately hired, bus.

coach driver coach drivers n
woźnica furman kuczer stangret
A person driving a horse-drawn coach (carriage).

coachwork coachworks n
karoseria
The body of a motor vehicle (as opposed to the chassis).

coaddressee coaddressees n
współadresat

coadministrate v
współadministrować
To administrate or manage jointly

coadministration coadministrations n
współadministracja

coadministrator coadministrators n
współadministrator

coadoration n
współadoracja

coagulation coagulations n
koagulacja
The precipitation of suspended particles as they increase in size by any of several physical or chemical processes. (e.g. coagulation of proteins)
The process by which blood forms solid clots.

coal /koʊl/ /kɐʉl/ /kəʊl/ [kʰoɫ] [kʰɒʊɫ] v
węgiel
(internet slang, 4chan slang) To post low-quality content online.

coal gas n
gaz koksowniczy gaz węglowy
(petrochemistry) The poisonous gas, used domestically for cooking etc and formerly for lighting, prepared by heating coal with steam; it is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide; sometimes synonymous with synthesis gas or town gas.

coal mine coal mines n
kopalnia węgla
A mine from which coal ore or coal minerals are mined.

coal tit coal tits n
sosnówka sikora sosnówka
Periparus ater melanolophus, the similar black-crested tit.

coalfield coalfields n
zagłębie
Any region containing deposits of coal that may be mined.

coalfish coalfish coalfishes n
czarniak
Any of several blackish fish, especially Pollachius virens, a pollack, and Anoplopoma fimbria, sablefish.

coalition /koʊ.əˈlɪʃ.ən/ /kəʊ.əˈlɪʃ.ən/ coalitions n
koalicja
A temporary group or union of organizations, usually formed for a particular advantage.

coalman coalmen n
węglarz
Someone who delivers coal.
Someone who sells coal.

coaming /ˈkəʊ.mɪŋ/ coamings n
zrębnica
(nautical) On a boat, the vertical side of above-deck structures, such as the coach roof, hatch, and cockpit.

coarse-grained more coarse-grained most coarse-grained adj
gruboziarnisty
Consisting of coarse particles.

coarsely /ˈkɔː(ɹ)sli/ more coarsely most coarsely adv
gburowato grubiańsko
in a coarse manner

coast /koʊst/ /kəʊst/ coasts n
wybrzeże brzeg
The edge of the land where it meets an ocean, sea, gulf, bay, or large lake. [from 14th c.]

coast /koʊst/ /kəʊst/ v
płynąć po brzegu
(intransitive, nautical) To sail along a coast.
bezideowiec
(intransitive) To make a minimal effort; to continue to do something in a routine way, without initiative or effort.

coast guard coast guards n
straż przybrzeżna
The organisation or officer enforcing maritime law and policing the seas within territorial waters.

coastal /ˈkoʊstəl/ /ˈkəʊstəl/ more coastal most coastal adj
przybrzeżny
(geography) Relating to the coast; on or near the coast.

coaster /ˈkoʊstɚ/ /ˈkəʊstə/ /ˈkʌʊstə/ coasters n
bezideowiec
Agent noun of coast: one who coasts.
podstawka podkładka serwetka
A small, flat or tray-like object on which a bottle, cup, glass, mug, etc., is placed to protect a table surface from drink spills, heat, or water condensation.
kabotażowiec
A merchant vessel that stays in coastal waters, especially one that travels between ports of the same country.

coat /koʊt/ /kəʊt/ coats n
płaszcz palto
(countable) An outer garment covering the upper torso and arms.Wp
warstwa
(countable) A covering of material, such as paint.Wp
sierść
(countable) The fur or feathers covering an animal's skin.Wp

coat /koʊt/ /kəʊt/ v
pokrywać pokryć
(transitive) To cover with a coating of some material.

coat hanger coat hangers n
wieszak
A device used to hang up coats, shirts, etc, consisting of a hook with sloping "arms" in the approximate shape of human shoulders.

coat of arms coats of arms n
herb
(heraldry) Hereditary designs and symbols depicted on an escutcheon, sometimes accompanied by other elements of a heraldic achievement, such as a helm, crest, crest coronet, torse, mantling and supporters; described by a blazon.

coat rack coat racks n
wieszak
A rack or stand with hooks or pegs for holding hats and coats, often placed near an entrance for temporary use

coat stand coat stands n
wieszak
(chiefly, US) A pole with pegs for temporary storage of clothing; a coat rack.

coat tree coat trees n
wieszak
(US) An upright pole having hooks on which to hang coats or other clothing

coati /koʊˈɑti/ /kəʊˈɑːti/ coatis n
ostronos
Any of several omnivorous mammals, of the genus Nasua or Nasuella, in order Carnivora, that live in the range from southern United States to northern Argentina.

coauthor coauthors n
współautor współautorka
An author who collaborates with another to write something.

coaxial /koʊ.ˈæk.sɪi.əl/ /kəʊ.ˈæk.sɪi.əl/ adj
współosiowy
(geometry) Having a common central axis

cob /kɑb/ /kɒb/ cobs n
łabędź
A male swan.

cobalt /ˈkoʊ.bɑlt/ /ˈkəʊ.bɒlt/ cobalts n
kobalt
A chemical element (symbol Co) with an atomic number of 27: a hard, lustrous, silver-gray metal.

cobber /ˈkɒbɚ/ cobbers n
stary
(Australia) A pal, buddy, mate, friend; often used in direct address by one male to another.

cobbler /ˈkɑblɚ/ /ˈkɑbəlɚ/ /ˈkɒblə/ /ˈkɒbələ/ cobblers n
szewc szewczyni łatacz
A person who repairs, and sometimes makes, shoes.
cobbler
(US, alcoholic beverages) An (iced) alcoholic drink containing spirit or wine, with lemon juice and sugar.
(US) Often preceded by a descriptive word as in apple cobbler, peach cobbler, etc.: a kind of pie, usually filled with fruit, originally having a crust at the base but nowadays generally lacking this and instead topped with a thick, cake-like pastry layer.
gliniarz
(usually, in the plural, slang) A police officer.

cobbler, keep to your last proverb
jeśli nie potrafisz, nie pchaj się na afisz
(idiom) Do not criticise matters outside your field of expertise; mind your own business.

cobblestone /ˈkɑbl̩ˌstoʊn/ /ˈkɒbl̩ˌstəʊn/ cobblestones n
bruk brukowiec otoczak
(countable) A rounded stone from a river bed, fit for use as ballast in ships and for paving roads.

cobelligerent cobelligerents n
państwo sojusznicze
Country that wages war against a common enemy, without the countries on the same side having a formal treaty of military alliance.

cobra /ˈkoʊbɹə/ /ˈkɒbɹə/ /ˈkəʊbɹə/ cobras n
kobra
Any of various venomous snakes of the family Elapidae.

coca /ˈkoʊkə/ /ˈkəʊkə/ cocas n
koka
The dried leaf of one of these plants, the South American shrub (Erythroxylum coca), widely cultivated in Andean countries, which is the source of cocaine and used as aphrodisiac in the past.

cocaine /koʊˈkeɪn/ /kə(ʊ)ˈkeɪn/ /ˈkoʊˌkeɪn/ cocaines n
kokaina
(uncountable, pharmaceutical drug) An addictive drug derived from coca (Erythroxylum) or prepared synthetically, used sometimes medicinally as a local anesthetic and, often illegally, as a stimulant.

cocaine addict cocaine addicts n
kokainista kokainistka

coccidiosis coccidioses n
kokcydioza
(disease) The disease caused by coccidian infection.

coccus [ˈkʰɑkəs] cocci n
ziarniak
One of the carpels or seed-vessels of a dry fruit.

coccyx /ˈkɑksɪks/ /ˈkɒksɪks/ coccyges n
kość guziczna kość ogonowa
(medical, formal) The final (bottom-most) fused vertebrae at the base of the spine, the tailbone.

cock /kɑk/ /kɒk/ cocks n
kogut
A rooster: a male gallinaceous bird, especially a male domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus).

cock /kɑk/ /kɒk/ v
nadstawić postawić wznieść
(British, transitive, slang) To copulate with; (by extension, as with fuck) to mess up, to damage, to destroy.

cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɑkəˌdudəlˈdu/ /ˌkɒkəˌduːdəlˈduː/ interjection
kukuryku
The cry of a rooster.

cock-and-bull story cock-and-bull stories n
bajka o żelaznym wilku
(idiomatic) A far-fetched and fanciful story or tale of highly dubious validity.

cockade /kɑˈkeɪd/ /kɒkˈeɪd/ cockades n
kokarda
A rosette or knot of ribbon worn in a hat, especially as an office or party badge.

cockalorum /ˈkɒkəˌlɔːɹəm/ cockalorums n
bufon bufonka nadęciak samochwała ważniaczka ważniak
(countable) A menial yet self-important person; a person who makes empty boasts.

cockatiel /ˌkɒk.əˈtil/ cockatiels n
nimfa
Nymphicus hollandicus, a small, rather atypical cockatoo with a distinctive pointed yellow crest, native to Australia. Avicultural forms come in many color mutations such as White Face Gray, White Face Pearl, Fallow, Pearl Pied, Cinnamon Pearl, and White Face Pied.

cockatoo cockatoos n
kakadu
A bird of the family Cacatuidae with a curved beak and a zygodactyl foot. [from 1610s]

cockatrice /ˈkɒkətraɪs/ /ˈkɒkətrɪs/ cockatrices n
kuroliszek
(mythology) A legendary creature about the size and shape of a dragon or wyvern, but in appearance resembling a giant rooster, with some lizard-like characteristics.

cockchafer /ˈkɒkˌt͡ʃeɪfɚ/ cockchafers n
chrabąszcz chrabąszcz majowy
Any of the large European beetles from the genus Melolontha that are destructive to vegetation.

cocker spaniel cocker spaniels n
cocker-spaniel
Either of two breeds of dog, the American cocker spaniel and the English cocker spaniel.

cockerel /ˈkɑkəɹəl/ /ˈkɑkɹəl/ /ˈkɒkəɹəl/ /ˈkɒkɹəl/ cockerels n
kogucik
A young male chicken.

cockfight cockfights n
walka kogutów
A contest, in a cockpit, between gamecocks fitted with cockspurs

cockfighting cockfightings n
walka kogutów
A gambling blood sport (illegal in most countries) in which two roosters have spikes placed on their feet and are made to fight each other, usually to the death.

cockfighting pit cockfighting pits n
miejsce na walkę kogutów

cockle /ˈkɒkl̩/ cockles n
sercówka
Any of various edible European bivalve mollusks, of the family Cardiidae, having heart-shaped shells.

cocklebur cockleburs n
rzepień
Any of the coarse composite weeds of the genus Xanthium, with a prickly fruit.

cockpit cockpits n
kokpit kabina pilotów
The compartment in an aircraft in which the pilot sits and from where the craft is controlled; an analogous area in a spacecraft. [from 20th c.]

cockroach /ˈkɑkəɹoʊt͡ʃ/ /ˈkɑkɹoʊt͡ʃ/ /ˈkɒkɹəʊt͡ʃ/ cockroaches n
karaluch karaczan karakan
A black or brown straight-winged insect of the order Blattodea.

cockscomb cockscombs n
grzebień
The fleshy red crest of a rooster

cocksfoot cocksfoots n
kupkówka
Any of the genus Dactylis of Eurasian and North African bluegrasses, especially Dactylis glomerata.

cocksucker cocksuckers n
lachociąg obciągacz obciągara
(vulgar, colloquial, derogatory) Someone who performs fellatio.
(vulgar, colloquial, derogatory) A very annoying or objectionable person.

cocksure more cocksure most cocksure adj
pewny siebie
(informal) Too confident; overconfident.

cocktail /ˈkɑk.teɪl/ /ˈkɒk.teɪl/ /ˈkɔk.tæɪl/ cocktails n
koktajl
A mixed alcoholic beverage.

cocktail cabinet cocktail cabinets n
barek
A cupboard where the ingredients for mixing alcoholic drinks are stored.

cocktail fork /ˌkɑkˌteɪl ˈfɔɹk/ /ˌkɒkteɪl ˈfɔːk/ cocktail forks n
widelczyk
A small fork usually with two or three tines, used for eating dishes served as appetizers (such as fruit cocktails and shrimp cocktails), and for picking up olives and other small snacks.

coco-de-mer /ˌkəʊkəʊdəˈmɛː/ cocos-de-mer n
lodoicja seszelska
A tall palm tree, Lodoicea maldivica, found in the Seychelles.
The woody nut of such a tree.

cocoa /ˈkoʊ.koʊ/ /ˈkəʊ.kəʊ/ adj
kakaowy
Of a light to medium brown colour, like that of cocoa powder.

cocoa /ˈkoʊ.koʊ/ /ˈkəʊ.kəʊ/ cocoas n
kakao
The dried and partially fermented fatty seeds of the cacao tree from which chocolate is made.
(uncountable) A hot drink made with milk, cocoa powder, and sugar.
(countable) A serving of this drink.
(countable, color) A light to medium brown colour.

cocoa bean cocoa beans n
nasiono kakao
seed of the cocoa plant; used to make chocolate, cocoa and cocoa butter

cocoa powder n
kakao
(baking, cooking) A powder derived from ground cocoa solids, which is used to make the drink of cocoa, various chocolate products, also used as an ingredient in baking.

coconut /ˈkoʊ.kə.nʌt/ /ˈkəʉ.kə.nat/ /ˈkəʊ.kə.nʌt/ [ˈkʰoʊ̯.kə.nʌt] [ˈkʰəʉ̯.kə.nat] [ˈkʰəʊ̯.kə.nɐt] [ˈkʰəʊ̯.kə.nʌt] coconuts n
orzech kokosowy kokos
A fruit of the coconut palm (not a true nut), Cocos nucifera, having a fibrous husk surrounding a large seed.
kokos
(uncountable) The edible white flesh of this fruit.

coconut crab coconut crabs n
krab palmowy
A terrestrial hermit crab of species Birgus latro, that lives on the shores of the Indian Ocean and the central Pacific Ocean and feeds on fruits, nuts, seeds and coconut flesh.

coconut milk coconut milks n
mleczko kokosowe
A thick white liquid produced by soaking the white inner flesh of the seed of the coconut in water and straining. It is traditionally used in Southeast Asian cuisine in curry and other gravy.

coconut oil coconut oils n
olej kokosowy
A type of cooking oil extracted from the kernel or meat of matured coconuts harvested from the coconut palm.

coconut palm coconut palms n
palma kokosowa kokos właściwy kokos kokosowiec kokosowiec właściwy
a tropical palm tree, Cocos nucifera, having feathery leaves and bearing coconuts

coconut water coconut waters n
woda kokosowa
A clear liquid found inside immature coconuts, which suspends the endosperm during the nuclear stage of development. It is a popular drink in tropical regions.

cocoon /kəˈkuːn/ cocoons n
kokon
Any similar protective case, whether real or metaphorical.

cocooning cocoonings n
zostawanie w domu
(by extension) The act of staying inside one's home, insulated from perceived danger, instead of going out.

cod /kɑd/ /kɒd/ cod cods n
dorsz wątłusz pomuchla
The sea fish of the genus Gadus generally, as inclusive of the Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) and Greenland cod (Gadus ogac or Gadus macrocephalus ogac).

cod liver oil cod liver oils n
tran
Oil derived from the liver of codfish, often used as a nutritional supplement due to its high levels of omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA, and very high levels of vitamin A and vitamin D.

coda /ˈkoʊ.də/ /ˈkəʊ.də/ codas n
wygłos
(music) A passage that brings a movement or piece to a conclusion through prolongation.
powrót do normalnego poziomu
(phonology) The optional final sound of a syllable or word, occurring after its nucleus and usually composed of one or more consonants.
(geology) In seismograms, the gradual return to baseline after a seismic event. The length of the coda can be used to estimate event magnitude, and the shape sometimes reveals details of subsurface structures.

coddle /ˈkɑ.dəl/ /ˈkɒd.əl/ /ˈkɔd.əl/ v
rozpieszczać
(transitive) To treat gently or with great care.

code /koʊd/ /kəʊd/ codes n
kod
A short textual designation, often with little relation to the item it represents.
A set of rules for converting information into another form or representation.
(programming, uncountable) Instructions for a computer, written in a programming language; the input of a translator, an interpreter or a browser, namely: source code, machine code, bytecode.
kodeks kod
A body of law, sanctioned by legislation, in which the rules of law to be specifically applied by the courts are set forth in systematic form; a compilation of laws by public authority; a digest.
Any system of principles, rules or regulations relating to one subject.
kod szyfr
(cryptography) A cryptographic system using a codebook that converts words or phrases into codewords.

code /koʊd/ /kəʊd/ v
programować kodować
(computing) To write software programs.
kodować
(cryptography) To encode.

code block code blocks n
blok
(programming) A block of source code, often one that is delimited by brackets or in some similar way, depending on the programming language.

code monkey code monkeys n
klepacz kodu
(slang, sometimes, derogatory) A computer programmer.

code name code names n
kryptonim
(business, espionage, military) A name used to clandestinely identify somebody or something, either for military or espionage purposes, or for commercial confidentiality.

code of conduct codes of conduct n
kodeks postępowania
(ethics) A set of rules dictating acceptable behaviour and decisions in a specified environment.

code of honour codes of honour n
kodeks honorowy
Certain rules by which social intercourse is regulated among a social group, and which are founded on a regard for reputation.

codec codecs n
kodek
(computing) A device or program capable of performing transformations on a data stream or signal.

codeine /ˈkoʊˌdiːn/ /ˈkəʊ.diːn/ codeines n
kodeina
(pharmaceutical drug) An addictive alkaloid narcotic derived from opium and used as a hypnotic, analgesic and antitussive; often mixed with aspirin etc.

coder coders n
koder
A device that generates a code, often as a series of pulses.
(computing) A programmer.

codex /ˈkoʊdɛks/ /ˈkəʊdɛks/ codexes codices n
kodeks
An early manuscript book.

codger /ˈkɑd͡ʒɚ/ /ˈkɒdʒə/ codgers n
dziwak
(informal) An amusingly eccentric or grumpy and usually elderly man.

codicil /ˈkɒdɪsɪl/ /ˈkəʊdɪsɪl/ codicils n
kodycyl
(legal) An addition or supplement that explains, modifies, or revokes a will or part of one.

codification /ˌkɑ.dɪfɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkəʊ.dɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ codifications n
kodyfikacja
The process of precisely formulating a statement, such as a code of laws.

codified more codified most codified adj
skodyfikowany

codify /ˈ koʊ.dɪˌfaɪ/ /ˈ kɑd.ɪˌfaɪ/ /ˈ kəʊ.dɪˌfaɪ/ v
kodyfikować
To reduce to a code, to arrange into a code.

coding codings n
kodowanie
The process of encoding or decoding.
programowanie
The process of writing computer software code.

coding theory n
teoria kodowania

codirect v
współreżyserować
(transitive) To direct (an artistic work) with another person.

codirector codirectors n
współreżyser współreżyserka
Someone who directs something together with one or more other people.

codomain /ˌkoʊ.doʊˈmeɪn/ codomains n
przeciwdziedzina
(mathematics, analysis) The target set into which a function is formally defined to map elements of its domain; the set denoted Y in the notation f : X → Y.

codpiece /ˈkɒdˌpiːs/ codpieces n
mieszek saczek
A part of male dress in the 15th and 16th centuries, worn in front of the breeches to cover the male genitals.
saczek
A conspicuous protection for the male genitals in a suit of plate armor.

coeditor coeditors n
współredaktor współredaktorka
One of two or more people serving together as editors of a work or project.

coeducation n
koedukacja
the education of male and female students in the same institution

coefficient /ˌkoʊ.əˈfɪʃənt/ /ˌkoʊ.ɪˈfɪʃənt/ [ˌkəʊ.iˈfɪʃn̩t] [ˌkəʊ.ɪˈfɪʃn̩t] coefficients n
współczynnik
(mathematics) A constant by which an algebraic term is multiplied.

coefficient of friction coefficients of friction n
współczynnik tarcia
(physics) The ratio between (1) the magnitude of the force of friction which a surface produces on an object (moving along the surface or being pressed statically against it) and (2) the magnitude of the normal force which is produced by the surface on the object and which is perpendicular to that surface.

coefficientwise adj
po każdym współczynniku

coelacanth /ˈsiː.lə.kænθ/ coelacanths n
latimeria
Either of two species of deep-water fish, Latimeria chalumnae of the Indian Ocean and Latimeria menadoensis of Indonesia.

coelenterate /sɪˈlɛn.tə.ɹət/ /sɪˈlɛn.tɚ.ɪt/ coelenterates n
jamochłon
(zoology, dated) Any simple aquatic animal formerly considered to belong to the phylum Coelenterata, now divided into the cnidarians and ctenophores.

coeliac disease n
celiakia choroba trzewna
(UK) An auto-immune disease characterised by sensitivity of the lining of the small intestine to gluten, causing a failure to digest food properly.

coerce /koʊˈɝs/ /kəʊˈɜːs/ v
zmusić zmuszać
(transitive) To use force, threat, fraud, or intimidation in an attempt to compel one to act against their will.

coercion /koʊˈɜːʃən/ /koʊˈɝʃən/ /koʊˈɝʒən/ coercions n
przymus
(uncountable) Actual or threatened force for the purpose of compelling action by another person; the act of coercing.

coevolution coevolutions n
koewolucja
(ecology, evolutionary theory) The evolution of organisms of two or more species in which each adapts to changes in the other.

coexist v
koegzystować współistnieć
(intransitive, stative, of two or more things, people, concepts, etc.) To exist contemporaneously or in the same area.

coexistence coexistences n
koegzystencja współistnienie
The state of two or more things existing together, usually in a temporal or spatial sense, with or without mutual interaction.

coffee /ˈkɑ.fi/ /ˈkɒ.fi/ /ˈkɒf.i/ /ˈkɔ.fi/ /ˈkɔə.fi/ /ˈkɔː.fɪ/ adj
kawowy kawa
Of a pale brown colour, like that of milk coffee.

coffee /ˈkɑ.fi/ /ˈkɒ.fi/ /ˈkɒf.i/ /ˈkɔ.fi/ /ˈkɔə.fi/ /ˈkɔː.fɪ/ coffees n
kawa ziarna kawy
(uncountable) A beverage made by infusing the beans of the coffee plant in hot water.
kawa kawowy
(countable) A serving of this beverage.
kawowiec kawa
A tropical plant of the genus Coffea.
kawowy kawa
A pale brown color, like that of milk coffee.

coffee bean coffee beans n
ziarnko kawy ziarenko kawy
The seed of a tropical plant of the genus Coffea. Prepared by drying, roasting and grinding for making the beverage coffee.

coffee break coffee breaks n
przerwa na kawę
A rest period during the business day (usually of about 10 or 15 minutes). So named because it is an opportunity to get coffee.

coffee cup coffee cups n
filiżanka
A cup, typically a small one, in which coffee can be served.

coffee extract coffee extracts n
ekstrakt kawy
A concentrated liquid made from coffee beans and alcohol used as a flavouring.

coffee grinder coffee grinders n
młynek do kawy
A device for pulverizing or powdering coffee beans so they can be brewed as coffee. (Technically many of the machines tear the coffee beans).

coffee grounds n
fusy
The sediment that remains after ground coffee beans have been extracted with hot water.

coffee pot coffee pots n
imbryk do kawy
A pot in which coffee is brewed or from which it is served.

coffee table coffee tables n
ława
(furniture) A long, low table, often placed before seating in a living room, on which drinks may be served, and magazines etc placed.

coffeemaker coffeemakers n
ekspres do kawy
Any of several different types of kitchen apparatus used to brew and filter coffee.

coffer /ˈkɑfɚ/ /ˈkɒfə/ /ˈkɔfɚ/ coffers n
szkatuła szkatułka
A strong chest or box used for keeping money or valuables safe.
kaseton
(architectural element) An ornamental sunken panel in a ceiling or dome.

coffin /ˈkɑfɪn/ /ˈkɒfɪn/ /ˈkɔfɪn/ coffins n
trumna
A rectangular closed box in which the body of a dead person is placed for burial.

cofinal adj
współkońcowy
(order theory) Of a subset of a partially ordered set; containing elements at least as late as any given element of the set, relative to the given partial order.

cofinality cofinalities n
współkońcowość
(math, countable) The least of the cardinalities of the cofinal subsets of a partially ordered set.

cofounder /kəʊˈfaʊndə/ /ˈkoʊ(ˌ)faʊndɚ/ /ˌkoʊˈfaʊndɚ/ cofounders n
współzałożyciel współzałożycielka
A joint founder; one of several people involved with the creation of a business, organization, union, or entity.

cog /kɑɡ/ /kɒɡ/ /kɔɡ/ cogs n
ząb
A tooth on a gear.

cogeneration cogenerations n
kogeneracja
The simultaneous or serial production of heat and electricity from the same source.

cognac /ˈkɒn.jæk/ /ˈkəʊn.jæk/ cognacs n
koniak
A brandy distilled from white wine in the region around Cognac in France.

cognate /ˈkɑɡ.neɪt/ /ˈkɑɡ.nət/ /ˈkɑɡ.nɪt/ /ˈkɒɡ.neɪt/ /ˈkɒɡ.nət/ /ˈkɒɡ.nɪt/ adj
pokrewny
Allied by blood; kindred by birth; specifically (legal) related on the mother's side.

cognate accusative /-ɾɪv/ /ˈkɑɡˌneɪt əˈkjuzətɪv/ /ˈkɒɡneɪt əˈkjuːzətɪv/ cognate accusatives n
spokrewniony przedmiot
(grammar) An object of kindred sense or derivation; specifically, that which may adverbially follow an intransitive verb (for example, the word death in “to die the death”).

cognition /kɑɡˈnɪʃ.ən/ /kɒɡˈnɪʃ.ən/ /kɔɡˈnɪʃ.ən/ cognitions n
percepcja poznanie
The process of knowing, of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought and through the senses.

cognitive /ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/ /ˈkɒɡ.nɪ.tɪv/ /ˈkɔɡ.nɪ.tɪv/ [ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.ɾɪv] [ˈkɔɡ.nɪ.ɾɪv] more cognitive most cognitive adj
poznawczy kognitywny
Relating to the part of mental functions that deals with logic, as opposed to affective which deals with emotions.

cognitive behavioral therapy cognitive behavioral therapies n
terapia poznawczo-behawioralna
(psychology) A psychotherapeutic approach that addresses dysfunctional emotions, behaviors, and cognitions, focussing on a client's current state rather than on their past.

cognitive dissonance cognitive dissonances n
dysonans poznawczy
(psychology) A conflict or anxiety resulting from inconsistencies between one's beliefs and one's actions or other beliefs.

cognitive psychology n
psychologia poznawcza
(psychology) A branch of psychology that examines internal mental processes such as problem solving, memory, and language.

cognitive science cognitive sciences n
kognitywistyka
The multidisciplinary study of mind and behavior.

cognizant /ˈkɒnɪzənt/ /ˈkɒɡnɪzənt/ more cognizant most cognizant adj
świadomy
Sapient; self-aware.

cohabitant cohabitants n
konkubent konkubina konkubentka konkubin nieślubna nieślubny
A person who cohabits with another

cohabitation /koʊhæbɪˈteɪʃən/ cohabitations n
kohabitacja
The act of living together.
(biology) The act of two species living together in the same habitat.
(politics) Cooperation between politicians of opposing political parties; especially, in France, between a President and Prime Minister.

coherence coherences n
koherencja spójność kohezja
The quality of cohering, or being coherent; internal consistency.
spójność koherencja kohezja
A logical arrangement of parts, as in writing.
koherencja
(physics, of waves) The property of having the same wavelength and phase.

coherent /koʊˈhɛɹ.ənt/ /koʊˈhɪɹ.ənt/ /koːˈhɪɹ.ənt/ /kəʉˈhɪə.ɹənt/ /kəʊˈhɪə.ɹənt/ more coherent most coherent adj
koherentny
Orderly, logical and consistent.
(physics) Of waves having the same direction, wavelength and phase, as light in a laser.

coherent light n
światło spójne

cohesion /koʊˈhiː.ʒən/ /kəʉˈhiː.ʒən/ /kəʊˈhiː.ʒən/ [kəʉˈhɪi.ʒən] cohesions n
koherencja kohezja spójność
State of cohering, or of working together.
kohezja
(physics, chemistry) Various intermolecular forces that hold solids and liquids together.
spójność
(software engineering) Degree to which functionally related elements in a system belong together.

cohort /ˈkoʊ̯.hɔɹt/ /ˈkəʊ.hɔː(ɹ)t/ cohorts n
kolektyw
A group of people supporting the same thing or person.
kohorta
(statistics) A demographic grouping of people, especially those in a defined age group, or having a common characteristic.
(historical, Ancient Rome, military) Any division of a Roman legion, normally of about 500 or 600 men (equalling about six centuries).

cohort study cohort studies n
badanie kohorty
A type of research project in which participants sharing a common feature (the cohort) are studied over a long period of time.

coil /kwaɪl/ /kɔɪl/ coils n
zwój
Something wound in the form of a helix or spiral.
cewka
(electronics) A coil of electrically conductive wire through which electricity can flow.

coin /kwaɪn/ /kɔɪn/ coins n
moneta bilon
(money) A piece of currency, usually metallic and in the shape of a disc, but sometimes polygonal, or with a hole in the middle.
żeton
A token used in a special establishment like a casino.
moneta denar pentakl
(card games) One of the suits of minor arcana in tarot, or a card of that suit.

coin /kwaɪn/ /kɔɪn/ v
wymyślić
(by extension) To make or fabricate (especially a word or phrase).

coin cell coin cells n
bateria guzikowa ogniwo guzikowe
A small battery having the form of a squat cylinder.

coin purse coin purses n
portmonetka
A small bag or pouch designed for carrying money, particularly coins.

coincidence /koʊˈɪnsɪdəns/ /kəʊˈɪnsɪdəns/ /kəˈwɪnsɪdəns/ coincidences n
koincydencja przypadek zbieg okoliczności traf
Of events, the appearance of a meaningful connection when there is none.

coincident /-ˌdɛnt/ /koʊˈɪnsəd(ə)nt/ /kəʊˈɪnsɪd(ə)nt/ more coincident most coincident adj
równoczesny
Of two or more events: occurring at the same time; contemporaneous.

coitarche /ˌkəʊɪˈtɑː(ɹ)ki/ n
pierwszy stosunek płciowy
The first sexual intercourse.

coitus interruptus n
stosunek przerywany
Sexual intercourse interrupted by withdrawal of the penis before ejaculation.

coke /koʉk/ /koʊk/ /kəʊk/ n
koks
(uncountable) Solid residue from roasting coal in a coke oven; used principally as a fuel and in the production of steel and formerly as a domestic fuel.
koka koks
(informal, slang, uncountable) Cocaine.

coke /koʉk/ /koʊk/ /kəʊk/ v
koksować
(transitive) To produce coke from coal.
(intransitive) To turn into coke.

cokeworks cokeworks n
koksownia

cola /ˈkoʊlə/ /ˈkəʊ.lə/ colas n
cola kola
A beverage or a drink made with kola nut flavoring, caramel and carbonated water.

colander /ˈkɑləndɚ/ /ˈkɒlɪndə(ɹ)/ /ˈkɔləndɚ/ colanders n
durszlak cedzak
A bowl-shaped kitchen utensil with holes in it used for draining food that has been cooking in water, such as pasta.

colchicine /ˈkɑl.kəˌsiːn/ /ˈkɑl.t͡ʃəˌsiːn/ /ˈkɒl.kɪs.iːn/ /ˈkɒl.tʃɪs.iːn/ colchicines n
kolchicyna
(organic compound, pharmaceutical drug) A highly toxic alkaloid, chemical formula C22H25NO6, originally extracted from plants of the genus Colchicum and formerly used to treat rheumatic complaints, now used mainly in the treatment of gout.

cold /kaʉld/ /koʊld/ /kəʊld/ [kʰɒʊ(ɫ)d] [kʰɔʊ(ɫ)d] colder coldest adj
zimny zimno
(of a thing) Having a low temperature.
przeziębiony
(of a person or animal) Feeling the sensation of coldness, especially to the point of discomfort.
chłodny oziębły
Unfriendly; emotionally distant or unfeeling.
nieprzygotowany
Completely unprepared; without introduction.

cold /kaʉld/ /koʊld/ /kəʊld/ [kʰɒʊ(ɫ)d] [kʰɔʊ(ɫ)d] colds n
zimno chłód mróz ziąb
(uncountable) A condition of low temperature.
przeziębienie
(countable, pathology) A common, usually harmless, viral illness, usually with congestion of the nasal passages and sometimes fever.

cold brew coffee cold brew coffees n
cold brew

cold chain cold chains n
łańcuch chłodniczy

cold cuts n
wędlina
Cooked, sliced meat served cold, as in a sandwich or a tray of finger food.

cold day in Hell cold days in Hell n
jak rak świśnie a ryba piśnie
(idiomatic, slang) The time of occurrence of an event that will never happen.

cold finger cold fingers n
zimny palec
(chemistry) A piece of laboratory equipment used for creating a cold spot on a surface.

cold fish cold fish cold fishes n
zimna ryba
(idiomatic) A heartless individual; a person lacking empathy and emotion.

cold front cold fronts n
front chłodny
(meteorology) The leading edge of an advancing mass of cold air.

cold fusion n
zimna fuzja
A hypothetical form of nuclear fusion not requiring the usual immensely high temperatures; nuclear fusion at or near room temperature.

cold war /ˌkəʊld ˈwɔː/ n
zimna wojna
A period of hostile relations between rivals where direct open warfare between them is largely undesired and avoided. [from 1945]

cold weapon /koʊld ˈwɛpən/ /kəʊld ˈwɛp(ə)n/ cold weapons n
broń biała
(weaponry) A weapon that does not use explosives or fire.

cold-blooded /ˈkoʊldˈblʌd.ɪd/ colder-blooded coldest-blooded more cold-blooded most cold-blooded adj
bezlitosny bezwzględny nieczuły zimnokrwisty
(figuratively) Lacking emotion or compunction.

coldproof more coldproof most coldproof adj
mrozoodporny
Resistant to cold.

colectomy colectomies n
kolektomia
(surgery) The surgical procedure to remove all or part of the large intestine or colon.

coleslaw /ˈkəʊlslɔː/ coleslaws n
coleslaw colesław kolesław
A salad of finely shredded raw cabbage and sometimes shredded carrots, dressed with mayonnaise (white slaw) or a vinaigrette (red slaw).

coli /ˈkoʊ.laɪ/ coli n
pałeczka okrężnicy
(often, attributive, bacteriology) Escherichia coli, a Gram-negative bacterium commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms.

colic /ˈkɒl.ɪk/ colics n
kolka
(pathology) Severe pains that grip the abdomen or the disease that causes such pains (due to intestinal or bowel-related problems).

collaborate /kəˈlæb.ə.ɹeɪt/ /kəˈlæb.ɹeɪt/ v
współpracować
To work together with others to achieve a common goal.
kolaborować
To voluntarily cooperate treasonably, as with an enemy occupation force in one's country.

collaboration /kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/ [kʰəˌlæbəˈɹeɪ̯ʃən] collaborations n
współpraca
(uncountable) The act of collaborating.
kolaboracja
(uncountable) Treasonous cooperation.

collaborationism collaborationisms n
kolaboracja
The act of collaborating, especially with an enemy.

collaborative /kəˈlæb.ə.ɹə.tɪv/ more collaborative most collaborative adj
wspólny
Of, relating to, or done by collaboration.

collaborator /kəˈlæbəɹeɪtə/ /kəˈlæbəɹeɪtɚ/ collaborators n
współpracownik współpracowniczka
A person who works with others towards a common goal.
kolaborant kolaborantka zdrajca zdrajczyni
A person who cooperates traitorously with an enemy.

collage /koʊˈlɑʒ/ /kɒˈlɑːʒ/ /kəˈlɑʒ/ /kəˈlɑːʒ/ /ˈkɒl.ɑːʒ/ collages n
kolaż
A picture made by sticking other pictures onto a surface.

collapse /k(ə)ˈlæps/ collapses n
zapaść
The act of collapsing.

collapse /k(ə)ˈlæps/ v
bachnąć runąć
(intransitive) To cease to function due to a sudden breakdown; to fail suddenly and completely.

collar /ˈkɑ.lɚ/ /ˈkɒl.ə/ collars n
chomąto
A part of harness designed to distribute the load around the shoulders of a draft animal.
kołnierz kołnierzyk
The part of an upper garment (shirt, jacket, etc.) that fits around the neck and throat, especially if sewn from a separate piece of fabric.
obroża
A band or chain around an animal's neck, used to restrain and/or identify it.
(rail transport) A physical lockout device to prevent operation of a mechanical signal lever.
korona
(botany) The neck or line of junction between the root of a plant and its stem

collared antshrike collared antshrikes n
mrowiec luskolicy
A passerine bird of the antbird family (Thamnophilus bernardi, syn. Sakesphorus bernardi)

collared flycatcher collared flycatchers n
muchołówka białoszyja
Ficedula albicollis, an Old World flycatcher breeding in eastern Europe and across Central Asia, overwintering in Africa

collared peccary collared peccaries n
pekari obrożny
A small wild hog (Pecari tajacu), native to southern United States through to northern Argentina.

collared pratincole collared pratincoles n
żwirowiec łąkowy
A wader, Glareola pratincola.

collateral damage collateral damages n
straty cywilne
(military, euphemistic) Damage to civilian property or civilian casualties that are the unintended result of military operations.

colleague /kɔˈliːɡ/ /kəˈliːɡ/ /ˈkɑliɡ/ /ˈkɒliːɡ/ colleagues n
kolega koleżanka
A fellow member of a profession, staff, academic faculty or other organization; an associate.

collect /ˈkɑlɛkt/ /ˈkɑlɪkt/ /ˈkɒlɛkt/ /ˈkɒlɪkt/ collects n
kolekta
(Christianity) The prayer said before the reading of the epistle lesson, especially one found in a prayerbook, as with the Book of Common Prayer.

collect /kəˈlɛkt/ v
gromadzić zbierać zebrać zgromadzić
(transitive) To gather together; amass.
odbierać ściągać
(transitive) To get; particularly, get from someone.
kolekcjonować
(transitive) To accumulate (a number of similar or related objects), particularly for a hobby or recreation.

collect one's thoughts v
zbierać myśli zebrać myśli

collectible /kəˈlɛktɪbəl/ more collectible most collectible adj
kolekcjonerski
Worthy or suitable for collecting on historical/financial grounds, or for meeting a personal aesthetic.

collecting /kəˈlɛktɪŋ/ collectings n
kolekcjonerstwo zbieractwo
A hobby including seeking, locating, acquiring, organizing, cataloging, displaying, storing, and maintaining whatever items are of interest to the individual collector.

collection /kəˈlɛkʃən/ collections n
zbieranie
The activity of collecting.
zbiór kolekcja
(set theory, topology, analysis) A set of sets; used because such a thing is in general too large to comply with the formal definition of a set.
zrzutka składka zbiórka
A gathering of money for charitable or other purposes, as by passing a contribution box for donations.

collection plate collection plates n
taca
A plate or other container passed among the worshipers attending a Christian church service, into which donations of money are placed.

collective /kəˈlɛktɪv/ adj
zbiorowy
(grammar) Expressing a collection or aggregate of individuals, by a singular form.

collective agreement collective agreements n
układ zbiorowy
A contract specifying terms and conditions of employment between one or more labour unions and employers' associations legally binding for employers organized in these and the employees if they are unionized in them or their employment contract incorporates them by referral.

collective memory collective memories n
pamięć kolektywna
(sociology) A shared pool of information held in the memories of multiple members of a group.

collective security n
bezpieczeństwo zbiorowe
The concept of maintaining peace among all nations or members of a group by making the security concerns of one member important to all members.

collectively adv
zbiorowo
In a collective manner; viewed together as a whole; to be treated as a single unit, rather than the items that make up the collection separately.

collectivism collectivisms n
kolektywizm
An economic system in which the means of production and distribution are owned and controlled by the people collectively

collectivity collectivities n
zbiorowość
(countable) A body of people considered as a whole.

collectivization collectivizations n
kolektywizacja
The act of collectivizing

collectivize v
kolektywizować

collector /kəˈlɛktə(ɹ)/ /kəˈlɛktɚ/ collectors n
zbieracz kolekcjoner
A person who or thing that collects, or which creates or manages a collection.
kolektor
(electronics) The amplified terminal on a bipolar junction transistor.

college /ˈkɑlɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈkɒlɪd͡ʒ/ colleges n
kolegium
(in some proper nouns) A group sharing common purposes or goals.
szkoła wyższa
(chiefly, US) An institution of higher education teaching undergraduates.
wydział
A specialized division of a university.

college town college towns n
miasto uniwersyteckie
A town or city that is dominated by its university population.

collegial /kəˈliːd͡ʒi.əl/ /kəˈliːd͡ʒəl/ /kəˈliːd͡ʒɪ.əl/ more collegial most collegial adj
kolegialny
Of, relating to, or ruled by colleagues.

collegiate /kəˈliːd͡ʒi.ət/ /kəˈliːd͡ʒət/ more collegiate most collegiate adj
kolegialny
Of, or relating to a college, or college students.

collenchyma /kəˈlɛŋkəmə/ collenchymas collenchymata n
kolenchyma zwarcica
(biology) A living, elongated, mechanical and flexible ground tissue with angular pectin depositions; present just under leaves, tendrils and stems of climbers; formed before vascular differentiation.

collide /kəˈlaɪd/ v
zderzać zderzyć
(intransitive) To impact directly, especially if violent.
kolidować
(intransitive) To come into conflict, or be incompatible.

collider colliders n
zderzacz
(physics) Any of several forms of particle accelerator in which two opposing beams of particles collide.

collier /ˈkɑliɚ/ /ˈkɒlɪə(ɹ)/ colliers n
węglarz
A person in the business or occupation of producing (digging or mining) coal or making charcoal or in its transporting or commerce.
węglowiec
(nautical) A vessel carrying a bulk cargo of coal.
(nautical) A sailor on such a vessel.

collinear /koʊˈlɪn.i.ɚ/ /kəˈlɪn.i.ɚ/ adj
współliniowy
(geometry, of three or more points) Lying on the same straight line.

collision /kəˈlɪʒən/ collisions n
kolizja zderzenie
An instance of colliding.

collision theory collision theories n
teoria zderzeń aktywnych

collisionlessly adv
bezkolizyjnie

collisionlessness n
bezkolizyjność

collocation /ˌkɑl.əˈkeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkɒl.əˈkeɪ.ʃən/ collocations n
kolokacja

colloid /ˈkɒlɔɪd/ colloids n
koloid
(chemistry) A stable system of two phases, one of which is dispersed in the other in the form of very small droplets or particles.

colloidal silver colloidal silvers n
srebro koloidalne

colloquial /kəˈloʊ.kwi.əl/ /kəˈləʊ.kwɪəl/ more colloquial most colloquial adj
potoczny kolokwialny obiegowy swobodny
(linguistics) Characteristic of familiar conversation, of common parlance; informal.

colloquialism /kəˈloʊ.kwi.əˌlɪz.əm/ /kəˈləʊ.kwi.əˌlɪz.əm/ colloquialisms n
kolokwializm potocyzm wyrażenie potoczne
A colloquial word or phrase; a common spoken expression.
język obiegowy język pospolity język potoczny język powszechny język swobodny mowa potoczna
Colloquial style of speaking.

colloquially /kəˈloʊ.kwi.əli/ /kəˈləʊ.kwɪəli/ more colloquially most colloquially adv
kolokwialnie potocznie
In a colloquial manner.

collusion /kəˈluːʒən/ collusions n
zmowa
A private agreement for a fraudulent or illegal purpose; conspiracy.

colocolo colocolos n
kolokolo kot pampasowy ocelot pampasowy
Leopardus colocolo, a small striped cat native to western central South America.

colocynth /kɒl.əˈsɪnθ/ colocynths n
kolokwinta
A viny plant, Citrullus colocynthis, native to the Mediterranean Basin and Asia. It produces a lemon-sized, yellowish, green-mottled, spongy, and extremely bitter fruit.
The powdered pulp of this fruit, a powerful hepatic stimulant and hydragogue cathartic used as a strong laxative.

cologne /kəˈloʊn/ /kəˈləʊn/ colognes n
woda kolońska
Any of a family of fresh, citrus-based fragrances distilled using extracts from citrus, floral, and woody ingredients, said to have been developed in the early 18th century in Cologne, Germany.

colon /ˈkoʊ.lən/ /ˈkɔ.lən/ /ˈkəʊ.lɒn/ /ˈkəʊ.lən/ [ˈkʰɔ.ɫn̩] cola coli colons n
dwukropek
The punctuation mark ⟨:⟩.
okrężnica
(anatomy) Part of the large intestine; the final segment of the digestive system, after (distal to) the ileum and before (proximal to) the rectum. (Because the colon is the largest part of the large intestine (constituting most of it), it is often treated as synonymous therewith in broad or casual usage.)

colonel /ˈkɜːnəl/ /ˈkɝnəl/ colonels n
pułkownik
A commissioned officer in an armed military organization, typically the highest rank before flag officer ranks (generals). It is generally found in armies, air forces or naval infantry (marines).

colonial /kəˈləʊ.ni.əl/ more colonial most colonial adj
kolonialny
Of or pertaining to a period when a country or territory was a colony.
(US) Of or relating to the original Thirteen Colonies of the USA.
(US) Of or relating to the style of architecture prevalent at about the time of the Revolution.

colonialism /kəˈloʊ.ni.ə.lɪ.zəm/ /kəˈloʊ.njə.lɪ.zəm/ /kəˈləʊ.ni.ə.lɪ.zəm/ /kəˈləʊ.njə.lɪ.zəm/ colonialisms n
kolonializm
The policy of a country seeking to extend or retain its authority over other people or territories, generally with the aim of economic dominance.

colonialist more colonialist most colonialist adj
kolonialny kolonialistyczny
Of or pertaining to colonialism.

colonization colonizations n
kolonizacja
The process of establishing a colony.

colonize /ˈkɑlənaɪz/ /ˈkɒlənaɪz/ v
kolonizować skolonizować
(transitive) To settle (a place) with colonists, and hence make (a place) into a colony.
(transitive) To settle (a group of people, a species, or the like) in a place as a colony.
(intransitive) To begin a colony or colonies.

colonnade /ˌkɒləˈneɪd/ colonnades n
perystaza kolumnada
A series of columns at regular intervals.

colonoscopy /kɑləˈnɑskəpi/ colonoscopies n
kolonoskopia
(medicine) The examination of the colon using a colonoscope.

colony /ˈkɑ.lə.ni/ /ˈkɒl.ə.ni/ /ˈkɔl.ə.ni/ colonies n
kolonia
(biology) A group of organisms of same or different species living together in close association.
A potential new chapter of a fraternity or sorority awaiting official recognition from their headquarters.

color /ˈkʌl.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈkʌl.ɚ/ adj
kolorowy
Conveying color, as opposed to shades of gray.

color /ˈkʌl.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈkʌl.ɚ/ colors n
kolor barwa
(uncountable) The spectral composition of visible light.
barwa odcień
These hues as used in color television or films, color photographs, etc (as opposed to the shades of grey used in black-and-white television).
kolor
(heraldry) Any of the standard dark tinctures used in a coat of arms, including azure, gules, sable, and vert.
kolor skóry
(uncountable) Human skin tone, especially as an indicator of race or ethnicity.
barwy
(in the plural) A standard or banner.
kolor barwa koloryt
(finance, uncountable) A third-order measure of derivative price sensitivity, expressed as the rate of change of gamma with respect to time, or equivalently the rate of change of charm with respect to changes in the underlying asset price.

color /ˈkʌl.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈkʌl.ɚ/ v
barwić kolorować zabarwiać
(transitive) To give something color.

color blind more color blind most color blind adj
daltonista
(of a, person or animal) Unable to distinguish between two or more primary colors (usually red and green).

color blindness color blindnesses n
ślepota barw barwoślepota daltonizm
(medicine, ophthalmology) Any of several medical conditions in which the physical ability to see colors is impaired, especially achromatopsia, Daltonism.

coloratura /kɒləɹəˈtjʊɹə/ coloraturas n
koloratura
(uncountable) Florid or fancy passages in vocal music.

colorectal adj
odbytniczy
(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the colorectum

colored /ˈkʌləɹd/ more colored most colored adj
barwny kolorowy
Having a particular color or kind of color.
Having prominent colors; colorful.
podkolorowany ubarwiony
Biased; pervasively (but potentially subtly) influenced in a particular way.

colored pencil colored pencils n
kredka
(, American spelling) A pencil with a wax-like colored core.

colorful /ˈkʌləfəl/ /ˈkʌlɚfəl/ more colorful most colorful adj
kolorowy barwisty wielobarwny
Possessing prominent and varied colors.
barwny barwisty
Interesting, multifaceted, energetic, distinctive.

colorfully more colorfully most colorfully adv
barwiście barwnie kolorowo

colorfulness colorfulnesses n
barwistość barwność kolorowość

coloring colorings n
barwienie farbowanie kolorowanie
An act or process which applies color.

coloring book coloring books n
kolorowanka
A book containing line art for readers (usually children) to add color using crayons, colored pencils, markers, paint, or other artistic media.

colorize v
koloryzować
To add color to.
(photography, filmology) To convert black and white media to color by digital post production (as is often done in digital photography and in video special effects).

colorlessly more colorlessly most colorlessly adv
bezbarwnie

colossal /kəˈlɒsəl/ more colossal most colossal adj
kolosalny ogromny olbrzymi
Extremely large or on a great scale.

colossus /kəˈlɑs.əs/ /kəˈlɒs.əs/ colossi colossuses n
kolos
A statue of gigantic size. The name was especially applied to certain famous statues in antiquity, as the Colossus of Nero in Rome and the Colossus of Rhodes, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
(by extension) Any creature or thing of gigantic size.

colostrum /kəˈlɒstɹəm/ colostra n
siara młodziwo mleziwo
(medicine) A form of milk produced by the mammary glands in late pregnancy and the few days after giving birth. Human and bovine colostrum is thick and yellowish. In humans, it has high concentrations of nutrients and antibodies, but it is small in quantity.

colour television colour televisions n
telewizja kolorowa telewizor kolorowy
(countable) A television set that displays images in colour.

colourless /ˈkʌlə(ɹ).ləs/ more colourless most colourless adj
bezbarwny
Having little or no colour.

colourlessness n
bezbarwność
The state or quality of being colourless.

colposcope /ˈkɒlpəskəʊp/ colposcopes n
kolposkop
a form of endoscope used to examine the tissues of the vagina and cervix

colt /koʊlt/ /kɒlt/ /kəʊlt/ [kɔʊlt] colts n
źrebak ogierek
A young male horse.

coltan /ˈkoʊlˌtæn/ coltans n
koltan
(mineralogy) A metallic ore, (Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6, from which the elements niobium and tantalum are extracted.

colter /ˈkoʊltɚ/ /ˈkəʊltə/ colters n
krój
A knife or cutter attached to the beam of a plow to cut the sward, in advance of the plowshare and moldboard.

coltsfoot coltsfeet coltsfoots n
podbiał podbiał pospolity
An herbaceous plant, species Tussilago farfara, that grows in Europe and the Middle East; yellow coltsfoot.

colubrid colubrids n
połoz
Any snake in the family Colubridae, completely covered in scales and mostly nonvenomous.

columbarium columbaria columbariums n
kolumbarium
A building, a vault or a similar place for the respectful and usually public storage of cinerary urns containing cremated remains.

columbine /ˈkɒləmbaɪn/ columbines n
orlik
Any plant of the genus Aquilegia, having distinctive bell-shaped flowers with spurs on each petal.

columbite columbites n
kolumbit
(mineral) A black mineral that is a mixed iron and manganese niobate and tantalate, and is the main ore of niobium and tantalum.

column /ˈkɑljəm/ /ˈkɑləm/ /ˈkɒləm/ columns n
kolumna słup
(architecture) A solid upright structure designed usually to support a larger structure above it, such as a roof or horizontal beam, but sometimes for decoration.
kolumna
A unit of width, especially of advertisements, in a periodical, equivalent to the width of a usual column of text.
Something having similar vertical form or structure to the things mentioned above, such as a spinal column.
(chemistry) An object used to separate the different components of a liquid or to purify chemical compounds.

columnist /ˈkɑ.lə.mɪst/ /ˈkɑ.ləm.nɪst/ /ˈkɒ.lə.mɪst/ /ˈkɒ.ləm.nɪst/ columnists n
felietonista
A regular writer of a column, such as in a magazine or newspaper

colza n
rzepak
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus), cultivated for its seeds, which yield an oil, valued for illuminating and lubricating purposes.

coma /ˈkoʊmə/ /ˈkəʊmə/ comae n
śpiączka koma
A state of unconsciousness from which one may not wake up, usually induced by some form of trauma.
koma
(astronomy) A cloud of dust surrounding the nucleus of a comet.

comb /koʊm/ /kəʊm/ combs n
grzebień grzebyk
A toothed implement for grooming the hair or (formerly) for keeping it in place.

comb /koʊm/ /kəʊm/ v
czesać
(transitive, especially of hair or fur) To groom with a toothed implement, especially a comb.
(transitive) To separate choice cotton fibers from worsted cloth fibers.
przeczesać przeczesywać
(transitive) To search thoroughly as if raking over an area with a comb.

comb-crested jacana comb-crested jacanas n
długoszpon koralowy
Irediparra gallinacea, a wader in the family Jacanidae.

combat /kəmˈbæt/ /ˈkɑmˌbæt/ /ˈkɒmˌbæt/ combats n
walka
A battle, a fight (often one in which weapons are used).

combat /kəmˈbæt/ /ˈkɑmˌbæt/ /ˈkɒmˌbæt/ v
zwalczać
(intransitive) To fight (with); to struggle for victory (against).

combat engineer combat engineers n
saper saperka

combat sport combat sports n
sport walki
A sport that involves man-to-man combat.

combatant /kəm.ˈbæ.tənt/ /ˈkɑm.bə.tənt/ /ˈkɒm.bə.tənt/ combatants n
bojownik bojowniczka kombatant kombatantka
A person engaged in combat, often armed.

combative /kɒmˈbæ.tɪv/ /kəmˈbæ.tɪv/ /ˈkɑm.bə.tɪv/ /ˈkɒm.bə.tɪv/ more combative most combative adj
wojowniczy
Given to fighting; disposed to engage in combat; pugnacious.

combe /kuːm/ combes n
cyrk lodowcowy kar kocioł
A valley, often wooded and often with no river

comber /ˈkoʊmɚ/ /ˈkəʊmə/ combers n
postrzygacz
A person who combs wool, etc.

combination /kɑmbɪˈneɪʃən/ /kɒmbɪˈneɪʃən/ combinations n
kombinacja
The act of combining, the state of being combined or the result of combining.
(mathematics) One or more elements selected from a set without regard to the order of selection.
A rapid sequence of punches or strikes in boxing or other combat sports.

combination pliers n
kombinerki
(US, UK) A type of pliers used by linemen, electricians, and other tradesmen primarily for gripping, twisting, bending and cutting wire, cable and small metalwork components.

combinatorics /ˌkɑm.bɪn.əˈtɔɹ.ɪks/ n
kombinatoryka
(mathematics) a branch of mathematics that studies (usually finite) collections of objects that satisfy specified criteria

combine /kəmˈbaɪn/ /ˈkɑm.baɪn/ /ˈkɒm.baɪn/ combines n
kombinat
An industrial conglomeration in a socialist country, particularly in the former Soviet bloc.

combine driver combine drivers n
kombajnista
(translation hub) One who drives a combine harvester.

combine harvester /ˈkɑmˌbaɪn ˈhɑɹvəstəɹ/ combine harvesters n
kombajn
A combine, a farming machine that harvests, threshes, and cleans grain plants.

combining form combining forms n
złożenie
(grammar) A type of word part; a bound morpheme; used in combination with a word, a different combining form, or an affix to form a new word.

combover combovers n
pożyczka zaczeska
A manner of combing hair from one side to the other in an attempt to conceal a medial bald patch.

combustion /kəmˈbʌs.t͡ʃən/ combustions n
spalanie
(chemistry) The act or process of burning.

combustion chamber combustion chambers n
komora spalania
An enclosed space, within a heat engine, in which the fuel is mixed and reacted with air or other oxidizing agent in a controlled manner.

combustion engine combustion engines n
silnik spalinowy
an engine that uses the combustion of fuel to produce work (movement)

come /kʌm/ [km] [km̩] [kəm] [kʰɐm] [kʰʌm] v
przychodzić przyjść przyjechać przyjeżdżać
(intransitive) To move from further away to nearer to.
dochodzić dojść
(intransitive, vulgar, slang) To achieve orgasm; to cum; to ejaculate.

come about v
powstawać powstać
(intransitive) To come to pass; to develop; to occur; to take place; to happen; to exist.

come across v
natknąć się na natrafić
(idiomatic, transitive) To find, usually by accident.

come again interjection
zapraszamy ponownie
(idiomatic) Used as a polite farewell to a visitor, inviting a return visit.

come along v
iść pójść
(idiomatic, intransitive) To progress; to make progress.

come back v
wracać wrócić
(intransitive) To return to a former state, usually a desirable one; to become fashionable once more.

come clean v
wkładać między bajki włożyć między bajki
(idiomatic) To confess; admit the truth.

come down to earth v
schodzić z obłoków zejść z obłoków
(idiomatic, of an event, thing, person) To be brought back to reality; to emerge from a daydream.

come full circle v
zataczać koło zatoczyć koło
(idiomatic) To complete a cycle of transition, returning to where one started after gaining experience or exploring other things.

come hell or high water adv
choćby się waliło i paliło żeby się waliło i paliło

come in handy v
przydawać się przydać się zgłaszać się do służby zgłosić się do służby
(idiomatic, informal) To prove to be useful or helpful.

come into being v
powstać powstawać zaistnieć
(idiomatic) To form; to start to exist.

come into force v
wchodzić w życie wejść w życie
(of a law, regulation, etc.) To become valid or active, to inure.

come into the world v
przychodzić na świat przyjść na świat
(idiomatic) To be born.

come of age v
dorastać dorosnąć
(idiomatic) To reach a specific age where one is legally considered to be an adult.

come on /ˌkʌm ˈɑn/ /ˌkʌm ˈɒn/ /ˌkʌm ˈɔn/ interjection
coś ty ej no ja cię proszę ja nie mogę kaman no co ty
An expression of disbelief.
dalej weź
An expression of frustration, exasperation, or impatience; hurry up.

come on to v
flirtować podrywać
(transitive, informal) To make a romantic or sexual advance to.

come out of the closet v
coming out ujawniać się ujawnić się
(intransitive, idiomatic) To tell others about one's homosexuality, bisexuality, transness, or any minority or disapproved-of identity, belief, preference, etc., where previously this had been kept secret.

come to a head v
postawić sprawę na ostrzu noża stawiać sprawę na ostrzu noża
(idiomatic) To rapidly reach a turning point or climax.

come to grief v
lec w gruzach legnąć w gruzach
(idiomatic) To suffer a disastrous outcome.

come to grips with v
uporać się zmierzyć się
(idiomatic) To confront or deal with directly; to commence a confrontation.

come to life v
ożywać ożyć
(intransitive, idiomatic) to become alive; to be brought into existence

come to light v
wyjść na jaw
(idiomatic) To become known; to be revealed.

come to one's senses v
opamiętać opamiętywać
(idiomatic) To become reasonable, comprehending, or responsible, especially after having behaved in an unreasonable, uncomprehending, or irresponsible manner.

come to someone's aid v
przychodzić z pomocą przyjść z pomocą
(idiomatic) To assist and rescue someone.

come to someone's rescue v
przychodzić z pomocą przyjść z pomocą
(idiomatic) To rescue (or save) someone from further harm.

come to terms with v
brać się za bary wziąć się za bary
(idiomatic) To accept or resign oneself to something emotionally painful.

come to think of it adv
a tak w ogóle, to jeśli się nad tym zastanowić, to swoją drogą
(idiomatic) by the way; now that I think about it; indicates something brought to mind.

come up v
podchodzić podejść
(intransitive) To come towards, to approach.

come up with v
wymyślić
(idiomatic) To manage to produce, deliver, or present (something) by inventing, creating, thinking of, or obtaining it.

come upon v
natknąć się
To befall; to affect; to happen to.

come what may adv
niech się dzieje, co chce
(idiomatic) In spite of anything that might happen; whatever may occur.

comeback /ˈkʌmbæk/ comebacks n
comeback
A return (e.g. to popularity, success, etc.) after an extended period of obscurity or underperformance.
riposta
A retort or answer, particularly a quick or clever one.

comedian /kəˈmiːdi.ən/ comedians n
komik
An entertainer who performs in a humorous manner, especially by telling jokes.

comedy /ˈkɑmədi/ /ˈkɒmədi/ comedies n
komedia
(countable, historical) A choric song of celebration or revel, especially in Ancient Greece.
(countable) A light, amusing play with a happy ending.
(countable, Medieval Europe) A narrative poem with an agreeable ending (e.g., The Divine Comedy).
(countable, drama) A dramatic work that is light and humorous or satirical in tone.

comely /ˈkʌmli/ comelier comeliest more comely most comely adj
urodziwy
Of a person: attractive or pleasing to look at; beautiful, handsome; also, attractive but not particularly beautiful or handsome.

comet /ˈkɒmət/ comets n
kometa
A celestial phenomenon with the appearance of such a body.

comfort /kʌmˈfɔɹt/ /ˈkʊm.fət/ /ˈkʌm.fət/ /ˈkʌm.fɚt/ [ˈkʰʌɱ.fɚt] comforts n
komfort wygoda
Contentment, ease.
pociecha
A consolation; something relieving suffering or worry.

comfort woman comfort women n
kobieta do towarzystwa
(idiomatic, historical, euphemistic) A woman forced, or supposedly recruited, into brothels by the Japanese occupation forces before or during World War II.

comfort zone comfort zones n
strefa komfortu
(idiomatic, by extension) The range of circumstances in which a person feels relaxed or able to cope.

comfortable /ˈkɐmf.tə.bəl/ /ˈkʌm.fə.tə.bəl/ /ˈkʌm.fəɹ.tə.bəl/ /ˈkʌmf.tə.bəl/ /ˈkʌmf.təɹ.bəl/ [ˈkʰɐɱf.tɘ.bɫ̩] [ˈkʰʌɱf.tə̥.bɫ̩] comfortabler comfortablest more comfortable most comfortable adj
wygodny wygodna
Providing physical comfort and ease; agreeable. [from 18th c.]

comfortable in one's own skin adj
czuć się dobrze w swojej skórze
(idiomatic) Relaxed and confident in one's manner of presenting oneself and interacting with others; conveying the impression that one has a clear, satisfying understanding of one's own abilities and situation.

comforter /ˈkʌmfətə/ /ˈkʌmfəɹtɚ/ comforters n
kołdra
pocieszyciel pocieszycielka
A person who comforts someone who is suffering.

comfrey /ˈkʌm.fɹi/ comfreys n
żywokost
Any of several species of perennial herbs of the genus Symphytum, often specifically Symphytum officinale.

comic /ˈkɑmɪk/ /ˈkɒmɪk/ more comic most comic adj
komediowy
Pertaining to comedy, as a literary genre. [from 16th c.]
komiczny zabawny śmieszny
Using the techniques of comedy, as a composition, performer etc; amusing, entertaining. [from 16th c.]

comic /ˈkɑmɪk/ /ˈkɒmɪk/ comics n
komik
A comedian.
komiks
A story composed of drawn images arranged in a sequence, usually with textual captions; a graphic novel.
(British) A children's magazine.

comic book comic books n
komiks
(comics) A book or magazine that uses sequences of drawings to tell a story or series of stories, primarily in serialized form, usually fiction.

comic relief /ˈkɑmɪk ɹɪˈliːf/ /ˈkɒmɪk ɹɪˈliːf/ n
komedia w poważnym dziele
(narratology) The inclusion of a humorous character or scene or witty dialogue in an otherwise serious work, often to relieve tension.

comic strip comic strips n
komiks
(comics) A series of drawings, in sequence, often but not necessarily depicting something funny or satirical in nature.

comical /ˈkɑmɪkəl/ /ˈkɒmɪkəl/ more comical most comical adj
komiczny
(archaic) Originally, relating to comedy.
zabawny śmieszny
Funny, whimsically amusing.

comics /ˈkɑmɪks/ /ˈkɒmɪks/ n
komiks
the medium of comic books, comic strips, and other sequential art

coming into force comings into force n
wejście w życie

comma /ˈkɑ.mə/ /ˈkɒ.mə/ /ˈkɒm.ə/ /ˈkɔm.ə/ commaes commas commata n
przecinek
(typography) The punctuation mark ⟨,⟩ used to indicate a set of parts of a sentence or between elements of a list.
rusałka ceik
(entomology) Any of various nymphalid butterflies of the genus Polygonia, having a comma-shaped white mark on the underwings, especially Polygonia c-album and Polygonia c-aureum of North Africa, Europe, and Asia.

command /kəˈmænd/ /kəˈmɑːnd/ commands n
rozkaz komenda
An order to do something.
komenda polecenie
(computing) A directive to a computer program acting as an interpreter of some kind, in order to perform a specific task.

commander /kəˈmandə/ /kəˈmændɚ/ /kəˈmɑːndə/ commanders n
dowódca
One who exercises control and direction of a military or naval organization.

commander in chief commanders in chief n
głównodowodzący naczelny wódz
Supreme commander of the armed forces of an entire country.

commandery /kəˈmænd(ə)ɹi/ /kəˈmɑːnd(ə)ɹi/ commanderies n
komandoria komturia
(historical) The smallest division of a manor under the control of a commander of an order of knights, originally only the Knights Hospitaller.

commanding officer commanding officers n
dowódca
The officer in command of, and typically having ultimate authority over, a military unit.

commandment /kəˈmændmənt/ /kəˈmændɪmənt/ /kəˈmændɪˌmɛnt/ /kəˈmɑːndmənt/ commandments n
przykazanie
(archaic) Something that must be obeyed; a command or edict.

commando /kəˈmændoʊ/ /kəˈmɑːn.dəʊ/ commandoes commandos n
komando
A small fighting force specially trained for making quick destructive raids against enemy-held areas.
komandos komandoska
A commando trooper.

comme il faut /ˌkʌmilˈfoʊ/ /ˌkʌmiːlˈfəʊ/ more comme il faut most comme il faut adj
jak trzeba
Proper; in keeping with etiquette or social standards.

commemorate /kəˈmɛməˌɹeɪt/ v
uczcić pamięć
(transitive) To honour the memory of someone or something with a ceremony or object.
upamiętniać upamiętnić
(transitive) To serve as a memorial to someone or something.

commemoration commemorations n
upamiętnienie
The act of commemorating; an observance or celebration to honor the memory of some person or event.

commemorative adj
okolicznościowy pamiątkowy
Serving to commemorate something.

commence /kəˈmɛns/ v
poczać poczynać
(intransitive) To begin, start.

commendable /kəˈmɛndəbəl/ /ˈkɒməndəbəl/ /ˈkɒmɛndəbəl/ more commendable most commendable adj
chwalebny godny pochwały
Worthy of commendation; deserving praise; admirable, creditable, or meritorious.

commendation /ˌkɑmənˈdeɪʃən/ /ˌkɒmənˈdeɪʃən/ commendations n
rekomendacja
The act of commending; praise; favorable representation in words; recommendation.

commensal /kəˈmɛnsəl/ adj
komensaliczny
(ecology) Of a form of symbiosis in which one organism derives a benefit while the other is unaffected.

commensal /kəˈmɛnsəl/ commensals n
komensal
(ecology) An organism partaking in a commensal relationship.
współbiesiadnik współbiesiadniczka
One who eats at the same table.

commensalism /kəˈmɛnsəˌlɪzm̩/ commensalisms n
komensalizm
(ecology) A sharing of the same environment by two organisms where one species benefits and the other is unaffected. An example is barnacles on whales.

commensurate /kəˈmɛnsəɹət/ /kəˈmɛnʃəɹət/ more commensurate most commensurate adj
współmierny
Of a proportionate or similar measurable standard.

comment /ˈkɑmɛnt/ /ˈkɒm.ɛnt/ [ˈkʰɑmɛnt] [ˈkʰɒm.ɛnt] comments n
komentarz uwaga spostrzeżenie
A spoken or written remark.
komentarz
(programming) A remark embedded in source code in such a way that it will be ignored by the compiler or interpreter, typically to help people to understand the code.

comment /ˈkɑmɛnt/ /ˈkɒm.ɛnt/ [ˈkʰɑmɛnt] [ˈkʰɒm.ɛnt] v
komentować
(transitive) To remark.
komentować zakomentować
(transitive, software, of code) To comment out (code); to disable by converting into a comment.

comment out v
wykomentować zakomentować
(programming, transitive) To disable a section of source code by converting it into a comment.

commentary /ˈkɑ.mənˌtɛɹ.i/ /ˈkɒm.ən.tə.ɹi/ /ˈkɒm.ən.tɹi/ commentaries n
komentarz
A series of comments or annotations; especially, a book of explanations or expositions on the whole or a part of some other work.

commentator /ˈkɑmənˌteɪtəɹ/ commentators n
komentator komentatorka
A person who comments; especially someone who is paid to give his/her opinions in the media about current affairs, sports, etc.

commenter commenters n
komentator
One who comments.

commerce /kəˈmɜːs/ /kəˈmɝs/ /ˈkɑ.mɚs/ /ˈkɒm.əs/ commerces n
handel
(business) The exchange or buying and selling of commodities; especially the exchange of merchandise, on a large scale, between different places or communities; extended trade or traffic.

commercial /kəˈmɜːʃəl/ /kəˈmɝʃəl/ more commercial most commercial adj
komercyjny
Of or pertaining to commerce.

commercial /kəˈmɜːʃəl/ /kəˈmɝʃəl/ commercials n
reklama
An advertisement in a common media format, usually radio or television.

commercial bank commercial banks n
bank komercyjny
(banking) A bank whose chief business is accepting demand deposits and making short-term loans.

commercial banking n
bankowość komercyjna
(banking) The activities of a commercial bank.

commercialization /kəˌmɜːrʃəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ commercializations n
komercjalizacja
The act of commercializing.

commie /ˈkɑ.mi/ /ˈkɒm.i/ /ˈkɔm.i/ commies n
komuch komuszka
(pejorative, slang) A communist; a person with communist sympathies; a supposed communist infiltrator.

comminution /ˌkɑməˈn(j)uʃən/ /ˌkɒmɪˈnjuːʃ(ə)n/ comminutions n
kruszenie rozdrabnianie
(often, mining, waste management) The breaking or grinding up of a material to form smaller particles.

commiseration commiserations n
litość współczucie żal
The act of commiserating; sorrow for the hardships or afflictions of another; pity; compassion.

commissariat commissariats n
komisariat
(historical) A department of the government of the Soviet Union in the early period of its existence.

commission /kəˈmɪʃən/ commissions n
misja
A sending or mission (to do or accomplish something).
komisja
An official charge or authority to do something, often used of military officers.
A body or group of people, officially tasked with carrying out a particular function.
prowizja komisja
A fee charged by an agent or broker for carrying out a transaction.

commission /kəˈmɪʃən/ v
zlecić zlecać
(transitive) To send or officially charge someone or some group to do something.

commission agent commission agents n
agent agentka ajent ajentka

commit /kəˈmɪt/ v
popełniać
(transitive) To give in trust; to put into charge or keeping; to entrust; to consign; used with to or formerly unto.

commit adultery v
cudzołożyć
(This entry is a translation hub.)

commit suicide v
popełnić samobójstwo
To kill oneself; to take one's own life. (This entry is a translation hub.)

commitment /kəˈmɪtmənt/ commitments n
zobowiązanie
Being bound emotionally or intellectually to a course of action or to another person or persons.

committed /kəˈmɪt.ɪd/ [kəˈmɪɾ.əd] [kəˈmɪɾ.ɪd] more committed most committed adj
oddany zobowiązany
Obligated or locked in (often, but not necessarily, by a pledge) to some course of action.
oddany zaangażowany zagorzały
Showing commitment.
oddany
Associated in an exclusive (but not necessarily permanent) sexual relationship.

committee [kɑmɪˈtiː] [kɒmɪˈtiː] [kəˈmɪt.i] committees n
komitet komisja
A body of one or more persons convened for the accomplishment of some specific purpose, typically with formal protocols.

commodify /kəˈmɒdɪfɑj/ v
utowarowić
(transitive) To make something into a commodity, sometimes at the expense of its intrinsic value.

commodity /kəˈmɑdəti/ /kəˈmɒdəti/ commodities n
towar dobro
(business) Anything movable (a good) that is bought and sold. [from 15th c.]

common /ˈkɑ.mən/ /ˈkɒm.ən/ /ˈkɒm.ʌn/ commoner commonest more common most common adj
wspólny wzajemny
Mutual; shared by more than one.
obiegowy pospolity potoczny powszedni zwykły
Occurring or happening regularly or frequently; usual.
pospolity powszechny
Found in large numbers or in a large quantity; usual.
zwyczajny potoczny
Simple, ordinary or vulgar.
wspólny męsko-żeński
(grammar) Of, pertaining or belonging to the common gender.

common /ˈkɑ.mən/ /ˈkɒm.ən/ /ˈkɒm.ʌn/ commons n
dobro wspólne
Mutual good, shared by more than one.

common bean common beans n
fasola
An herbaceous annual plant (Phaseolus vulgaris), grown for its edible bean.
A bean of such a plant, varying in size, shape and especially color.

common buzzard common buzzards n
myszołów zwyczajny
A bird of prey species, Buteo buteo.

common carp common carp common carps n
karp
A fish in the carp family, of species Cyprinus carpio.

common clothes moth common clothes moths n
mól
Tineola bisselliella, a winged insect of Tineidae family, the caterpillar of which is a serious pest which destroys woollen materials.

common cockchafer common cockchafers n
chrabąszcz majowy
A cockchafer of species Melolontha melolontha.

common cold common colds n
przeziębienie
(pathology) A very common, mild viral infection of the nose and throat, whose symptoms include sneezing, sniffling, a running or blocked nose, a sore throat, coughing and a headache.

common columbine common columbines n
orlik pospolity
Aquilegia vulgaris, native to most of Europe, excepting Scandinavia.

common crane common cranes n
żuraw żuraw zwyczajny
Grus grus, a bird of the crane (Gruidae) family

common currency common currencies n
wspólna waluta
(literally) A currency that is common to several countries.
punkt odniesienia
A standard of measurement that can be used for comparing disparate things.
powszechna praktyka
(figuratively) Common practice; a widespread idea, a commonplace habit.

common death adder common death adders n
zdradnica śmiercionośna

common denominator common denominators n
wspólny mianownik
(mathematics) Any integer that is a common multiple of the denominators of two or more fractions.

common dogwood common dogwoods n
dereń świdwa świdwa
Cornus sanguinea, native to most of Europe

common fraction common fractions n
ułamek zwykły
(arithmetic) A fraction in the form of one integer divided by another, non-zero, integer.

common gender common genders n
rodzaj wspólny
(linguistics) A grammatical gender in some languages, formed by the historical merging of masculine and feminine genders.

common goldeneye common goldeneyes n
gągoł
A medium sized sea duck, Bucephala clangula.

common good common goods n
dobro wspólne
The general interest of the population as a whole.

common grackle common grackles n
wilgowron mniejszy
Quiscalus quiscula

common greenshank common greenshanks n
kwokacz
A small wader, Tringa nebularia.

common ground n
płaszczyzna porozumienia
(idiomatic) A characteristic or interest shared by multiple people or systems; any belief, etc. held in common.

common gull /ˈkɑːmən ˌɡʌl/ /ˈkɒmən ˌɡʌl/ common gulls n
mewa pospolita
A medium-sized gull, Larus canus.

common hepatica common hepaticas n
przylaszczka pospolita
The flowering plant species Hepatica nobilis

common hill myna common hill mynas n
gwarek czczony
Gracula religiosa, a starling native to Asia, commonly used in aviculture

common house martin common house martins n
jaskółka oknówka oknówka oknówka zwyczajna
A migratory bird of the species Delichon urbicum, breeding in Europe, North Africa and temperate Asia.

common kestrel common kestrels n
pustułka pustułka zwyczajna
A small falcon, Falco tinnunculus.

common knowledge n
wiedza powszechna
That which is known by most people, and thus cannot reasonably be contested.
(logic, game theory) A special kind of knowledge for a group of agents, such that when all the agents in a group G know p, they all know that they know p, they all know that they all know that they know p, and so on ad infinitum.

common lavender common lavenders n
bławatka czyszczecz lawenda lekarska lawenda wonna lawenda wąskolistna
A lavender plant of the species Lavandula angustifolia.

common linnet common linnets n
makolągwa makolągwa zwyczajna
A common small bird (Linaria cannabina), of Europe, western Asia and north Africa.

common moorhen n
kokoszka zwyczajna kokoszka wodna kurka wodna
A member of the species Gallinula chloropus.

common murre common murres n
nurzyk
A large auk, Uria aalge.

common name common names n
nazwa popularna nazwa zwyczajowa
(taxonomy) The name by which an organism or group of organisms is known to the general public, rather than its taxonomic or scientific name.

common noun common nouns n
apelatiwum apelatyw appellativum rzeczownik pospolity nazwa pospolita
A noun that denotes any member, or all members, of a class; an ordinary noun such as "dog" or "city". In contrast, a proper noun is a single named entity such as "Socrates".

common pochard common pochards n
głowienka zwyczajna
A diving duck of temperate and cool Eurasia (Aythya ferina)

common polypody n
paprotka zwyczajna
Polypodium vulgare, native to western Europe and northern Africa.

common practice common practices n
powszechna praktyka

common purse common purses n
wspólne fundusze
(idiom) A shared or community fund.

common quail common quails n
przepiórka przepiórka zwyczajna
Coturnix coturnix, a bird in pheasant family.

common raven common ravens n
kruk zwyczajny
A large all-black passerine bird in the crow family, Corvus corax.

common redpoll common redpolls n
czeczotka zwyczajna
A bird of the species Acanthis flammea

common redshank common redshanks n
krwawodziób
A small wader, Tringa totanus.

common rock thrush common rock thrushes n
nagórnik
Monticola saxatilis, a chat belonging to the family Muscicapidae.

common rosefinch common rosefinches n
dziwonia
Carpodacus erythrinus, a small passerine bird.

common rue n
ruta zwyczajna
Ruta graveolens

common sandpiper common sandpipers n
brodziec piskliwy
A small species of wading bird, Actitis hypoleucos, widely distributed across Africa, Eurasia, and Australasia.

common scoter common scoters n
markaczka
Melanitta nigra, an arctic sea bird in the family Anatidae

common sense n
zdrowy rozsądek rozsądek
Ordinary sensible understanding; one's basic intelligence which allows for plain understanding and without which good decisions or judgments cannot be made.

common shelduck common shelducks n
ohar
A species of shelduck, Tadorna tadorna.

common shrew common shrews n
ryjówka aksamitna
A shrew, Sorex araneus, one of the most common mammals.

common snipe common snipe common snipes n
bekas kszyk kszyk
A bird of the species Gallinago gallinago.

common thread common threads n
wspólny wątek
A recurring characteristic or theme present in different events or areas.

common touch common touches n
wyrozumiałość

common whitefish common whitefish n
brzona głąbiel sieja sieja pospolita
A freshwater fish of salmon family, Coregonus lavaretus.

common whitethroat common whitethroats n
cierniówka
Sylvia communis, an Old World warbler, now sometimes Mezophilus communis or Curruca communis.

common yarrow n
krwawnik pospolity
Achillea millefolium, a flowering plant widespread in the temperate Northern Hemisphere, formerly and sometimes used to stanch the flow of blood.

common year common years n
rok nieprzestępny
A year that is not a leap year.

commonly /ˈkɑmənli/ /ˈkɒmənli/ more commonly most commonly adv
powszechnie zwykle
As a rule; frequently; usually.

commonplace /ˈkɑmənˌpleɪs/ /ˈkɒmənˌpleɪs/ more commonplace most commonplace adj
pospolity powszechny
Ordinary; not having any remarkable characteristics.

commonplace /ˈkɑmənˌpleɪs/ /ˈkɒmənˌpleɪs/ commonplaces n
frazes
A platitude or cliché.

commonwealth /ˈkɑmənˌwɛlθ/ /ˈkɒmənˌwelθ/ /ˈkɒmənˌwɛlθ/ /ˈkɔmənˌwɛlθ/ commonwealths n
wspólnota
(obsolete) The well-being of a community.
The entirety of a (secular) society, a polity, a state.

commotion /kəˈmoʊ.ʃən/ /kəˈməʊ.ʃən/ commotions n
bigos zamieszanie
An agitated disturbance or a hubbub.

commune /ˈkɑmjuːn/ /ˈkɒmjuːn/ communes n
gmina
A local political division in many European countries.

communicant /kəˈmjuːnɪkənt/ communicants n
komunikant
(Christianity) A person who receives (or is allowed to receive) the elements (i.e., bread and wine) of the sacrament of Holy Communion. (Compare also these terms: communion, Communion, Lord's Supper, Mass, Eucharist, Divine Liturgy.)

communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/ v
przekazać przekazywać
(transitive) To impart or transmit (information or knowledge) to someone; to make known, to tell. [from 16th c.]
porozumiewać porozumieć
(intransitive) To express or convey ideas, either through verbal or nonverbal means; to have intercourse, to exchange information. [from 16th c.]

communication /kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃən/ communications n
komunikacja
The act or fact of communicating anything; transmission.
(uncountable) The concept or state of exchanging data or information between entities.
The body of all data transferred to one or both parties during an act of communication.
A passageway or opening between two locations; connection.
(anatomy) A connection between two tissues, organs, or cavities.
wiadomość komunikacja
A message; the essential data transferred in an act of communication.
(rhetoric) A trope by which a speaker assumes that his hearer is a partner in his sentiments, and says "we" instead of "I" or "you".

communicational adj
komunikacyjny
Relating to communications

communicative more communicative most communicative adj
komunikatywny
Eager to communicate; talkative.

communion /kəˈmjuːnjən/ communions n
komunia
A joining together of minds or spirits; a mental connection.

communion wafer communion wafers n
hostia opłatek
(Christianity) The sacramental bread used in the Eucharist; the host.

communiqué /kəˌmjuːn.ɪˈkeɪ/ communiqués n
komunikat
An official report or statement, such as a government press release or the report of a conference.

communism [ˈkɑ.mju.nɪ.zm̩] [ˈkɑ.mjə.nɪ.zm̩] [ˈkɒm.ju.nɪ.zm̩] [ˈkɔm.jə.nɪ.zm̩] communisms n
komunizm
Any far-left political ideology or philosophy advocating holding the production of resources collectively, especially by seizing it through revolution.
The international socialist society where classes, money, and the state no longer exist.

communist /ˈkɑ.mju.nɪst/ /ˈkɑ.mjə.nɪst/ /ˈkɒm.jʊ.nɪst/ more communist most communist adj
komunistyczny komunista
Of, relating to, supporting, or advocating communism.

communist /ˈkɑ.mju.nɪst/ /ˈkɑ.mjə.nɪst/ /ˈkɒm.jʊ.nɪst/ communists n
komunista komunistka
An advocate of a society based on the common ownership of property; a proponent of communism.

communistically more communistically most communistically adv
komunistycznie
In a communistic manner.

community /k(ə)ˈmju.nə.ti/ /kəˈmjuː.nɪ.ti/ [k(ə)ˈmju.nə.ɾi] communities n
społeczność
(countable) A group sharing common characteristics, such as the same language, law, religion, or tradition.
(countable, ecology) A group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other.
wspólnota
(countable) A residential or religious collective; a commune.

community policeman community policemen n
dzielnicowy

communize v
komunizować
To impose Communist ideals upon.

commutative adj
przemienny
(mathematics, of a binary operation) Such that the order in which the operands are taken does not affect their image under the operation.

commute /kəˈmjuːt/ v
dojeżdżać
(intransitive, US, UK, Canada) To regularly travel from one's home to one's workplace or school, or vice versa.

commuter rail n
kolej aglomeracyjna kolej podmiejska
(rail transport) A rail transport system with trains used to transport commuters between two places, typically their homes and works, normally within a metropolitan area and its surrounding environs, and generally distinguished from other rail transport systems (i.e. subways, metros, tramways) by having less frequent service, lacking free transfers between trains and using heavy rolling stock running on a mainline railway

compact /kəmˈpækt/ /ˈkɑmˌpækt/ /ˈkɒmˌpækt/ compacter compactest more compact most compact adj
zwarty zwarta
(topology, uncomparable, of a set in a topological space) Such that every open cover of the given set has a finite subcover. In a Euclidean space this is equivalent to a Closed and bounded set.

compact /kəmˈpækt/ /ˈkɑmˌpækt/ /ˈkɒmˌpækt/ compacts n
puderniczka
A small, slim folding case, often featuring a mirror, powder and a powderpuff; that fits into a woman's purse or handbag, or that slips into one's pocket.

compact camera compact cameras n
aparat kompaktowy kompakt
A simple, digital or 35mm camera that lacks accessories such as changeable lenses or light meter but includes automatic focus, intended primarily for taking snapshots.

compact disc compact discs n
CD kompakt płyta kompaktowa
A kind of plastic optical disc used to store audio or digital data, read by a laser in a drive.

compactification compactifications n
uzwarcenie
(topology) Any of various procedures of enlarging a topological space to make it compact.

compactor /kɑmˈpæktɚ/ /kɒmˈpæktə/ compactors n
ubijarka zagęszczarka
A machine that reduces the bulk of waste or other material by compaction.

compand v
kompandować

companding compandings n
kompandowanie

companion /kəmˈpænjən/ companions n
towarzysz kompan kompanka towarzyszka wspólniczka wspólnik
A friend, acquaintance, or partner; someone with whom one spends time or accompanies

companionable more companionable most companionable adj
przyjacielski towarzyski
Having the characteristics of a worthy companion; friendly and sociable.

companionship /kəmˈpænjənʃɪp/ companionships n
asysta asystencja
(archaic) An association, a fellowship.

companionway companionways n
kapa zejściówka
(nautical) a staircase or ladder from one deck to another on a ship

company /ˈkʌmp(ə)ni/ /ˈkʌmpəni/ companies n
kompania
(military) A unit of approximately sixty to one hundred and twenty soldiers, typically consisting of two or three platoons and forming part of a battalion.
A unit of firefighters and their equipment.
A group of individuals who work together for a common purpose.
kompania firma przedsiębiorstwo spółka
(legal) An entity having legal personality, and thus able to own property and to sue and be sued in its own name; a corporation.
asysta goście
(uncountable) Social visitors or companions.
asysta asystencja towarzystwo
(uncountable) Companionship.

company car company cars n
samochód służbowy
A car, provided by an employer, that an employee may use on company business and personal use.

comparability /kəmˌpæɹəˈbɪlɪti/ /ˌkɒmp(ə)ɹəˈbɪlɪti/ comparabilities n
porównywalność
The quality of being comparable.

comparable /kəmˈpæɹəbl̩/ /kəmˈpɛɹəbl̩/ /ˈkɑmp(ə)ɹəbl̩/ /ˈkɒmp(ə)ɹəbl̩/ more comparable most comparable adj
porównywalny
(often with to) Able to be compared (to).

comparative /kəmˈpæɹ.ə.tɪv/ /kəmˈpɛɹ.ə.tɪv/ more comparative most comparative adj
porównawczy
Of or relating to comparison.

comparative /kəmˈpæɹ.ə.tɪv/ /kəmˈpɛɹ.ə.tɪv/ comparatives n
stopień wyższy
(grammar) A construction showing a relative quality, in English usually formed by adding more or appending -er. For example, the comparative of green is greener; of evil, more evil.
(grammar) A word in the comparative form.

comparative advantage comparative advantages n
przewaga komparatywna
(economics) The ability to produce a particular good at a lower relative opportunity cost than another producer.

comparative method n
metoda porównawcza
(linguistics) A technique for studying the development of languages by performing a feature-by-feature comparison of two or more languages with a common ancestor.

compare /kəmˈpɛə/ /kəmˈpɛɚ/ [kəmˈpeə] [kəmˈpeɚ] [kəmˈpeɹ] [kəmˈpɛə] [kəmˈpɛɚ] [kəmˈpɛɹ] [kəmˈpɛː] v
porównywać porównać
(transitive) To assess the similarities and differences between two or more things ["to compare X with Y"]. Having made the comparison of X with Y, one might have found it similar to Y or different from Y.
stopniować
(transitive, grammar) To form the three degrees of comparison of (an adjective).

comparison /kəmˈpæɹɪsən/ /kəmˈpɛɹɪsən/ comparisons n
porównanie
The act of comparing or the state or process of being compared.
An evaluation of the similarities and differences of one or more things relative to some other or each other.
gradacja stopniowanie klimaks
(grammar) A feature in the morphology or syntax of some languages whereby adjectives and adverbs are inflected to indicate the relative degree of the property they define exhibited by the word or phrase they modify or describe.

compartment /kəmˈpɑɹtmənt/ /kəmˈpɑːtmənt/ compartments n
przedział
A room, or section, or chamber
postument
(heraldry) A mound (often of grass), shelf (of e.g. wall) or other thing beneath the shield in a coat of arms on which the supporters stand.

compass /ˈkʌmpəs/ compasses n
kompas
A magnetic or electronic device used to determine the cardinal directions (usually magnetic or true north).

compass point compass points n
strona świata
Any of the horizontal directions indicated on a compass. There may be 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, or even 128 compass points on a compass, depending on its size and accuracy.

compass rose compass roses n
róża wiatrów
(navigation) A graduated circle, usually marked in degrees, indicating directions and printed or inscribed on an appropriate medium.

compassion /kəmˈpæʃ.ən/ compassions n
współczucie
Deep awareness of the suffering of another, coupled with the wish to relieve it.

compassionate /kəmˈpæʃəneɪt/ /kəmˈpæʃənət/ more compassionate most compassionate adj
litościwy
Having, feeling or showing compassion (to or toward someone).

compatibility /kəmˌpæt.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/ /kəmˌpæt.əˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/ [kəmˌpæɾ.əˈbɪl.ə.ɾi] compatibilities n
kompatybilność
(telecommunication) the capability of two or more items or components of equipment or material to exist or function in the same system or environment without mutual interference.

compatible /kəmˈpæt.ə.bəl/ [km̩ˈpæt.ə.bl̩] more compatible most compatible adj
kompatybilny zgodny
Capable of easy interaction.
kompatybilny
Able to get along well.

compatriot /kəmˈpeɪtɹi.ət/ /kəmˈpætɹi.ət/ compatriots n
rodak krajan rodaczka kompatriota kompatriotka krajanka
Somebody from one's own country.

compel /kəmˈpɛl/ v
zmusić zmuszać
(transitive) To force, constrain or coerce.

compellation /ˌkɑmpəˈleɪʃən/ /ˌkɒmpəˈleɪʃən/ compellations n
nazwanie
(archaic, rare) An act of addressing a person by a certain name or title.
nazwa
(archaic, rare) A name or title by which someone is addressed or identified; an appellation, a designation.

compendium compendia compendiums n
kompendium
A short, complete summary; an abstract.

compensate /ˈkɑm.pənˌseɪt/ /ˈkɒm.pən.seɪt/ /ˈkɒm.pɛn.seɪt/ /ˈkɔm.penˌsæɪt/ v
kompensować równoważyć skompensować wyrównać wyrównywać zrównoważyć
To do (something good) after (something bad) happens
rekompensować zrekompensować
To pay or reward someone in exchange for work done or some other consideration.

compensation /ˌkɑm.pənˈseɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkɒm.pənˈseɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkɒm.pɛnˈseɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkɔm.penˈsæɪ.ʃən/ compensations n
kompensacja
The act or principle of compensating.
(finance) The extinction of debts of which two persons are reciprocally debtors by the credits of which they are reciprocally creditors; the payment of a debt by a credit of equal amount.
rekompensata
Something which is regarded as an equivalent; something which compensates for loss.

compensatory lengthening /kɒmpɛnˈseɪtəɹi ˈlɛŋ(k)θ(ə)nɪŋ/ /kɒmˈpɛnsətəɹi-/ /kəmˈpɛnsəˌtɔɹi ˈlɛŋ(k)θənɪŋ/ compensatory lengthenings n
wzdłużenie zastępcze
(phonology, uncountable) The lengthening of a vowel sound which occurs when a following consonant is lost, regarded as an extreme form of fusion; (countable) an instance of this.

compersion /kəmˈpɜːʒən/ /kəmˈpɝʒən/ n
wspólna radość współradość wzajemna radość
Vicarious joy associated with seeing one's partner have a joyful romantic or sexual relation with another.

compete /kəm.ˈpiːt/ v
konkurować
To be in battle or in a rivalry with another for the same thing, position, or reward; to contend
To take part in a contest, game or similar event

competence /ˈkɒmpətəns/ competences n
kompetencja
(countable) The quality or state of being able or suitable for a particular task; the quality or state of being competent for a particular task or skill.

competent /ˈkɒmpətənt/ more competent most competent adj
kompetentny
Having sufficient skill, knowledge, ability, or qualifications.
właściwy
(legal) Having jurisdiction or authority over a particular issue or question.

competition /ˌkɑːmpəˈtɪʃən/ /ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃən/ competitions n
konkurencja rywalizacja
(uncountable) The action of competing.
konkurs zawody
(countable) A contest for a prize or award.

competitive /kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv/ more competitive most competitive adj
konkurencyjny
(economics) Capable of competing successfully.

competitive advantage competitive advantages n
przewaga konkurencyjna
(economics, business) An attribute that allows a company or a person to outperform competitors.

competitor /kəm.ˈpɛt.ɪ.təɹ/ competitors n
konkurent konkurentka rywalka współzawodniczka rywal współzawodnik
A person or organization against whom one is competing.
zawodniczka zawodnik
A participant in a competition, especially in athletics.

compilation /kɑmpɪˈleɪʃən/ /kɒmpɪˈleɪʃən/ compilations n
kompilacja
(uncountable) The act or process of compiling or gathering together from various sources.
(countable) That which is compiled; especially, a book or document composed of materials gathering from other books or documents.
(countable, uncountable, computing) Translation of source code into object code by a compiler.

compile /kəmˈpaɪl/ /kəmˈpɑɪl/ v
kompilować skompilować
(transitive, snooker) To achieve (a break) by making a sequence of shots.
(transitive, programming) To use a compiler to process source code and produce executable code.
kompilować się skompilować się
(intransitive, programming) To be successfully processed by a compiler into executable code.

compiler /kəmˈpaɪlə/ /kəmˈpaɪlɚ/ compilers n
kompilator
One who compiles.
(compilation) A computer program which transforms source code into object code.

complacency /kəmˈpleɪsənˌsiː/ complacencies n
samozadowolenie
A feeling of contented self-satisfaction, especially when unaware of upcoming trouble.

complain /kəmˈpleɪn/ v
narzekać skarżyć się
(intransitive) To express feelings of pain, dissatisfaction, or resentment.
skarżyć składać skargę
(intransitive) To make a formal accusation or bring a formal charge.

complainant /kəmˈpleɪnənt/ complainants n
powód
(legal) The party that brings a civil lawsuit against another; the plaintiff.

complaint /kəmˈpleɪnt/ complaints n
skarga zażalenie
(legal) In a civil action, the first pleading of the plaintiff setting out the facts on which the claim is based;The purpose is to give notice to the adversary of the nature and basis of the claim asserted.
dolegliwość
A bodily disorder or disease; the symptom of such a disorder.

complement /ˈkɑmpləmənt/ /ˈkɒmpləmənt/ complements n
dopełnienie
(set theory) Given two sets, the set containing one set's elements that are not members of the other set (whether a relative complement or an absolute complement). [from 20th c.]

complementary angles n
kąty dopełniające
(geometry) A pair of angles that sum to a right angle.

complementary distribution complementary distributions n
dystrybucja komplementarna
(phonetics) The distribution of phones in their respective phonetic environments such that one never appears in the same phonetic context as the other.

complete /kɒmˈpliːt/ /kəmˈpliːt/ completer completest more complete most complete adj
kompletny pełny
With all parts included; with nothing missing; full.
zupełna
(analysis, of a metric space) In which every Cauchy sequence converges to a point within the space.
(algebra, of a lattice) In which every set with a lower bound has a greatest lower bound.
(math, of a category) In which all small limits exist.
zupełny
(logic, of a proof system of a formal system with respect to a given semantics) In which every semantically valid well-formed formula is provable.

complete /kɒmˈpliːt/ /kəmˈpliːt/ v
ukończyć
(ambitransitive) To finish; to make done; to reach the end.
dopełnić skompletować uzupełnić
(transitive) To make whole or entire.

complete bipartite graph complete bipartite graphs n
graf dwudzielny

complete graph complete graphs n
graf pełny
(graph theory) A graph where every pair of vertices is connected by an edge.

complete the square v
ukończyć kwadrat

completely /kəmˈpliːtli/ more completely most completely adv
całkowicie bezdennie bezwzględnie w całości
(manner) In a complete manner
całkowicie kompletnie zupełnie bez reszty do cna do spodu
(degree) To the fullest extent or degree; totally.

completeness completenesses n
całkowitość kompletność pełnia zupełność
The state or condition of being complete.

completion /kəmˈpliːʃən/ completions n
ukończenie zakończenie zrealizowanie
The act or state of being or making something complete; conclusion, accomplishment.
uzupełnienie
(mathematics) The act of making a metric space complete by adding points.
(mathematics) The space resulting from such an act.

complex /kɑmˈplɛks/ /kəmˈplɛks/ /ˈkɑmplɛks/ /ˈkɒm.plɛks/ complexer complexest more complex most complex adj
złożony skomplikowany
Not simple, easy, or straightforward; complicated.
zespolony
(mathematics, of a number) Having the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers and i is (by definition) the imaginary square root of −1.
(mathematics, analysis, of a function) Whose range is a subset of the complex numbers.
(mathematics, algebra) Whose coefficients are complex numbers; defined over the field of complex numbers.

complex /kɑmˈplɛks/ /kəmˈplɛks/ /ˈkɑmplɛks/ /ˈkɒm.plɛks/ complexes n
kompleks
A collection of buildings with a common purpose, such as a university or military base.
An assemblage of related things; a collection.
(informal, by extension) A vehement, often excessive psychological dislike or fear of a particular thing.
kompleks związek koordynacyjny
(chemistry) A structure consisting of a central atom or molecule weakly connected to surrounding atoms or molecules, as for example coordination complexes in inorganic chemistry and protein complexes in biochemistry.

complex conjugate complex conjugates n
liczba sprzężona sprzężenie (zespolone)
(mathematics) Of a complex number x, the complex number \overline x formed by changing the sign of the imaginary part: The complex conjugate of a + bi is a - bi.

complex number complex numbers n
liczba zespolona liczby zespolone
(complex analysis) A number of the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers and i denotes the imaginary unit

complexion /kəmˈplɛkʃən/ complexions n
cera karnacja płeć
The quality, colour, or appearance of the skin on the face.

complexity /kəmˈplɛk.sɪ.ti/ complexities n
złożoność zawiłość
(uncountable) The state of being complex; intricacy; entanglement.
zawiłość
(countable) That which is and renders complex; intricacy; complication.

complexity class n
klasa złożoności

compliance /kəmˈplaɪəns/ compliances n
ugoda
An act of complying.
zgodność
(uncountable) The state of being compliant.
(uncountable, business) The department of a business that ensures all government regulations are complied with.
ugodowość
(uncountable) The tendency of conforming with or agreeing to the wishes of others.
podatność
(mechanics) A measure of the extension or displacement of a loaded structure; its flexibility

compliant /kəmˈplaɪənt/ /kəmˈplʌɪənt/ more compliant most compliant adj
zgodny
Compatible with or following guidelines, specifications, rules, or laws.

complicate /ˈkɑmplɪkeɪt/ /ˈkɒmplɪkeɪt/ /ˈkɒmplɪkət/ v
komplikować skomplikować
(transitive) To make complex; to modify so as to make something intricate or difficult.

complicated /ˈkɑmplɪkeɪtɪd/ /ˈkɒmplɪkeɪtɪd/ more complicated most complicated adj
skomplikowany złożony
Difficult or convoluted.

complication complications n
komplikacja
The state of being complicated; intricate or confused relation of parts; complexity.
(horology) A feature beyond basic time display in a timepiece.
komplikacja powikłanie
(medicine) A disease or diseases, or adventitious circumstances or conditions, coexistent with and modifying a primary disease, but not necessarily connected with it.

compliment /ˈkɑmpləmənt/ /ˈkɒmplɪmənt/ compliments n
komplement pochlebstwo pochwała
An expression of praise, congratulation, or respect.

complimentary /ˌkɑmplɪˈmɛnt(ə)ɹi/ /ˌkɒmplɪˈmɛnt(ə)ɹi/ more complimentary most complimentary adj
darmowy nieodpłatny

compline /ˈkɑmplɪn/ /ˈkɒmplɪn/ complines n
Kompleta
(Christianity) The last of the canonical hours, sung just before retiring to bed.

component /kəmˈpoʊnənt/ /kəmˈpəʊnənt/ components n
podzespół
A smaller, self-contained part of a larger entity. Often refers to a manufactured object that is part of a larger device.

compos mentis /ˈkɒmpɒs ˈmɛntɪs/ adj
poczytalny
(legal) Of sound mind, sane; thus fully accountable (legally and/or morally) for one's deeds.

composer /kəmˈpoʊzəɹ/ /kəmˈpəʊzə/ composers n
kompozytor kompozytorka
Especially, one who composes music.

composing stick composing sticks n
kątnik wierszownik winkielak
A device used in printing with movable type to hold the type as it is being selected.

composite bow composite bows n
łuk kompozytowy
(archery) a bow made from horn, wood, and sinew laminated together.

composite number composite numbers n
liczba złożona
(number theory) A (nonzero) natural number that is expressible as the product of two (or more) natural numbers other than itself and 1.

composition /ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃən/ compositions n
skład
The general makeup of a thing or person. [from 14th c.]

compost /ˈkɑmpoʊst/ /ˈkɒmpɒst/ composts n
kompost
The decayed remains of organic matter that has rotted into a natural fertilizer.

compost /ˈkɑmpoʊst/ /ˈkɒmpɒst/ v
kompostować
To produce compost, let organic matter decay into fertilizer.

composure /kəmˈpoʊʒɚ/ /kəmˈpəʊʒə/ composures n
opanowanie
Calmness of mind or temperament

compote /ˈkɑmpoʊt/ /ˈkɒmpɒt/ /ˈkɒmpəʊt/ compotes n
kompot
A dessert made of fruit cooked in sugary syrup.

compound /kəmˈpaʊnd/ /ˈkɑmpaʊnd/ /ˈkɒmpaʊnd/ compounds n
związek
(chemistry) A substance formed by chemical bonding of two or more elements in definite proportions by weight.

compound bow compound bows n
łuk bloczkowy

compound eye compound eyes n
oko złożone
A visual organ found in arthropods such as insects and crustaceans. It consists of one to thousands of tiny independent photoreception units.

compound interest compound interests n
odsetki złożone
(banking, finance) Interest, as on a loan or a bank account, that is calculated on the total on the principal plus accumulated unpaid interest.

compound sentence compound sentences n
zdanie złożone
(grammar) a sentence that has two or more independent clauses, joined by a conjunction (such as 'but', 'and') and/or punctuation (such as ',').

compound word compound words n
złożenie
(linguistics) A word composed of two or more stems.

comprehend /kɑmpɹɪˈhɛnd/ /kɒmpɹɪˈhɛnd/ v
obejmować objąć
(now, _, rare) To include, comprise; to contain. [from 14th c.]
pojmować pojąć
To understand or grasp fully and thoroughly. [from 14th c.]

comprehensibility comprehensibilities n
zrozumiałość
The characteristic of being comprehensible; clarity.

comprehensible /kɒmpɹəˈhɛnsɪbəl/ more comprehensible most comprehensible adj
zrozumiały
Able to be comprehended.

comprehension /ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnʃn̩/ /ˌkɒmpɹɪˈhɛnʃn̩/ /ˌkɔmpɹɪˈhenʃn̩/ comprehensions n
zrozumienie pojmowanie
Thorough understanding.

comprehensive /ˌkɑːm.pɹəˈhɛn.sɪv/ /ˌkɒm.pɹɪˈhɛn.sɪv/ more comprehensive most comprehensive adj
kompleksowy obszerny wszechstronny
Broadly or completely covering; including a large proportion of something.

comprehensively more comprehensively most comprehensively adv
kompleksowo wszechstronnie
In a comprehensive manner; in an all-inclusive or wide-ranging fashion.

compress /ˈkɑmpɹɛs/ /ˈkɒmpɹɛs/ compresses n
okład
(medicine) A multiply folded piece of cloth, a pouch of ice, etc., used to apply to a patient's skin, cover the dressing of wounds, and placed with the aid of a bandage to apply pressure on an injury.

compressed /kəmˈpɹɛst/ more compressed most compressed adj
sprężony
Pressed tightly together.

compressed air n
sprężone powietrze
Air which has been reduced in volume and increased in pressure for use in industrial processes or for cleaning.

compressibility compressibilities n
ściśliwość
The degree to which something is compressible.
(thermodynamics) The product of pressure and molar volume divided by the product of the gas constant and the absolute temperature.

compressible more compressible most compressible adj
ściśliwy
able to be compressed

compression /kɒm.pɹɛʃ.ən/ compressions n
kompresja
An increase in density; the act of compressing, or the state of being compressed; compaction.
(computing) The process by which data is compressed.
kompresja sprężenie
(automotive) The cycle of an internal combustion engine during which the fuel and air mixture is compressed.

compression ratio compression ratios n
stopień sprężania
(computing) The ratio of the size of compressed data to the size of the original uncompressed data.

compressor compressors n
sprężarka kompresor
A device that produces pressure, such as a gas compressor that produces pressurized gas.

compressorless adj
bezsprężarkowy

comprise /kəmˈpɹaɪz/ v
składać się
(transitive) To be made up of; to consist of (especially a comprehensive list of parts). [from the earlier 15th c.]
zawierać
(patent law) To include, contain, or be made up of, defining the minimum elements, whether essential or inessential to define an invention.

compromise /ˈkɑmpɹəˌmaɪz/ /ˈkɒmpɹəˌmaɪz/ /ˈkɔmpɹəˌmɑɪz/ compromises n
kompromis
The settlement of differences by arbitration or by consent reached by mutual concessions.

compulsive /kəmˈpʌlsɪv/ more compulsive most compulsive adj
kompulsywny przymusowy
Uncontrolled or reactive and irresistible.

compulsory /kəmˈpʌlsəri/ more compulsory most compulsory adj
obowiązkowy
Required; obligatory; mandatory.

compulsory acquisition n
ekspropriacja wywłaszczenie
(legal, Australia, New Zealand) The power of a state to expropriate private land within its jurisdiction for public use.

compulsory education n
obowiązek szkolny
(legal, education) A period of time in a child's life during which the child must receive schooling as required by law.

compulsory purchase n
ekspropriacja wywłaszczenie
(legal, UK, Ireland) The power of a state to expropriate private land within its jurisdiction for public use.

computational linguistics n
lingwistyka komputerowa
(linguistics, computer science) An interdisciplinary field dealing with the statistical and/or rule-based modeling of natural language from a computational perspective. This modeling is not limited to any particular field of linguistics.

computer /kəmˈpjutəɹ/ /kəmˈpjuːtə/ [kəmˈpʰjuɾəɹ] computers n
rachmistrz
(now, rare, chiefly, historical) A person employed to perform computations; one who computes. [from 17th c.]
komputer
A programmable electronic device that performs mathematical calculations and logical operations, especially one that can process, store and retrieve large amounts of data very quickly; now especially, a small one for personal or home use employed for manipulating text or graphics, accessing the Internet, or playing games or media. [from 20th c.]

computer chess n
szachy komputerowe

computer game /ˈkəmˈpjuːtəˌɡeɪm/ computer games n
gra komputerowa gra wideo
An electronic game, especially a game played using a general-purpose computer (as opposed to a game console).

computer graphics n
grafika komputerowa
(computing) The representation and manipulation of pictorial data by a computer.

computer language computer languages n
język komputerowy
(programming) A language that is used internally by computers, including programming languages, machine languages, query languages, markup languages etc.

computer literacy /kəmˌpjutəɹ ˈlɪt(ə)ɹəsi/ /kəmˌpjuːtə ˈlɪt(ə)rəsi/ [-ɾ(ə)ɹə-] computer literacies n
zdolność do komputerów
(computing) The ability to operate a personal computer, including its associated hardware and software (but not necessarily to understand the underlying electronics or a programming language). [from late 20th c.]

computer network computer networks n
sieć komputerowa

computer program computer programs n
program komputerowy
A complete piece of software. A set of instructions for a computer. This term can refer to either the executable form that a computer can execute (executable code) or the human readable form (source code). (Several programs, each of which does a task, can be collected as a software package or suite).

computer science computer sciences n
informatyka
The study of computers and their architecture, languages, and applications, in all aspects, as well as the mathematical structures that relate to computers and computation.

computer scientist computer scientists n
informatyk informatyczka
One who studies or practises computer science.

computer security n
bezpieczeństwo teleinformatyczne
A branch of computer science that addresses enforcement of 'secure' behavior on the operation of computers.

computer virus computer viruses n
wirus komputerowy
(computing) A program which can covertly transmit itself between computers via networks (especially the Internet) or removable storage such as disks and USB drives, often causing damage to systems and data.

computer-aided design /ˈkəmˈpjuːtəˌeɪˈdɪdˌdɪˈzʌɪn/ n
CAD projektowanie wspomagane komputerowo
The process of using drawings made by using a computer to design machines, buildings, etc.

computerization /kəmˌpjuːtəɹaɪˈzeɪʃən/ computerizations n
komputeryzacja
The act of computerizing something, or something computerized.

computerize v
komputeryzować skomputeryzować
(transitive, computing) To equip with a computer or a computer system.

computing /kəmˈpjuːtɪŋ/ computings n
informatyka
The study of computers and computer programming.

comrade /-ɹeːd/ /ˈkɑmɹæd/ /ˈkɑmɹəd/ /ˈkɒmɹeɪd/ /ˈkʊmɹeɪd/ /ˈkʌmɹeɪd/ comrades n
towarzysz kolega koleżanka kamrat druh kompan
A mate, companion, or associate.
towarzysz towarzyszka
(communism) A fellow socialist, communist or other similarly politically aligned person.
(communism) A non-hierarchical title, functionally similar to "Mr.", "Mrs.", "Miss", "Ms." etc, in a communist or socialist state.

conative /ˈkoʊn.ə.tɪv/ /ˈkəʊn.ə.tɪv/ adj
impresywny
Of or pertaining to a striving action.

concave /kɑnˈkeɪv/ /kɒnˈkeɪv/ /kənˈkeɪv/ /ˈkɑn.keɪv/ /ˈkɒn.keɪv/ more concave most concave adj
wklęsły
Curved like the inner surface of a sphere or bowl.

conceal /kənˈsil/ /kənˈsiːl/ v
schować skrywać ukryć chować ukrywać skryć
(transitive) To hide something from view or from public knowledge, to try to keep something secret.

concealer concealers n
korektor
(countable, uncountable) A cosmetic designed to cover blemishes.

concede /kənˈsid/ /kənˈsiːd/ [kənˈsɪid] v
ustąpić ustępować
To yield or suffer; to surrender; to grant

conceited conceiteder conceitedest more conceited most conceited adj
zarozumiały
Having an excessively favourable opinion of one's abilities, appearance, etc.; egotistical and vain.

concentrate /ˈkɑn.sən.tɹeɪt/ /ˈkɒn.sən.tɹeɪt/ concentrates n
koncentrat
A substance that is in a condensed form.

concentrate /ˈkɑn.sən.tɹeɪt/ /ˈkɒn.sən.tɹeɪt/ v
skupić koncentrować skoncentrować ogniskować skupiać ześrodkować
(ambitransitive) To bring to, or direct toward, a common center; to unite more closely; to gather into one body, mass, or force.
stężać stężyć zagęszczać zagęścić zatężać zatężyć
To increase the strength and diminish the bulk of, as of a liquid or an ore; to intensify, by getting rid of useless material; to condense.
skupić koncentrować skoncentrować skupiać zbierać zebrać
To approach or meet in a common center; to consolidate.
skupić koncentrować skoncentrować skupiać
(intransitive) To focus one's thought or attention (on).

concentrated /ˈkɑnsəntɹeɪtɪd/ /ˈkɒnsəntɹeɪtɪd/ more concentrated most concentrated adj
skoncentrowany stężony zagęszczony
Not dilute; having a high concentration.
skoncentrowany skupiony zmasowany
Intense; directed towards a specific location.

concentration /ˌkɑnsənˈtɹeɪʃən/ /ˌkɒnsənˈtɹeɪʃən/ concentrations n
koncentracja skupienie
The act, process or ability of concentrating; the process of becoming concentrated, or the state of being concentrated.
stężenie koncentracja
(chemistry) The amount of solute in a solution measured in suitable units (e.g., parts per million (ppm))
The proportion of a substance in a whole.

concentration camp concentration camps n
obóz koncentracyjny kacet
A camp where large numbers of people, especially political prisoners, prisoners of war, refugees etc., are detained for the purpose of confining them in one place, typically with inadequate or inhumane facilities. [from 19th c.]

concentric more concentric most concentric adj
współśrodkowy
(geometry) Having a common center.

concentricity concentricities n
współśrodkowość
The condition of being concentric.

concept /ˈkɑn.sɛpt/ /ˈkɒn.sɛpt/ concepts n
pojęcie pomysł
Understanding retained in the mind, from experience, reasoning and imagination; a generalization (generic, basic form), or abstraction (mental impression), of a particular set of instances or occurrences (specific, though different, recorded manifestations of the concept).

concept album concept albums n
album koncepcyjny
An album of music where the content follows an overall theme or narrative.

conception /kənˈsɛpʃən/ conceptions n
poczęcie koncepcja
The power or faculty of apprehending of forming an idea in the mind; the power of recalling a past sensation or perception; the ability to form mental abstractions.

conceptual /kənˈsep.t͡ʃʉ.əl/ /kənˈsɛp.tjʊəl/ /kənˈsɛp.t͡ʃu.əl/ /kənˈsɛp.t͡ʃʊəl/ more conceptual most conceptual adj
konceptualny
Of, or relating to concepts or mental conception.

conceptual art n
sztuka konceptualna
A genre of art in which the transmission of ideas is more important than the creation of an art object

concern /kənˈsɜːn/ /kənˈsɝn/ v
dotyczyć martwić tyczyć
(transitive) To relate or belong to; to have reference to or connection with; to affect the interest of; to be of importance to.

concerning /kənˈsɜːnɪŋ/ /kənˈsɝnɪŋ/ preposition
dotyczący
Regarding, respecting.

concert /kənˈsɜːt/ /kənˈsɝt/ /ˈkɑnsɚt/ /ˈkɒnsət/ concerts n
koncert
(uncountable) Musical accordance or harmony; concord.
(countable) A musical entertainment in which several voices or instruments take part.

concert hall concert halls n
sala koncertowa
A large building where concerts are performed.

concertina /ˌkɑnsɚˈtinə/ /ˌkɒnsəˈtiːnə/ concertinas n
koncertyna
(musical instruments) A musical instrument, like the various accordions, that is a member of the free-reed family of musical instruments, typically having buttons on both ends.

concession /kənˈsɛʃən/ concessions n
koncesja
(by extension) Any admission of the validity or rightness of a point; an instance of this.
(Canadian) A concession road: a narrow road between tracts of farmland, especially in Ontario, from their origin during the granting of concessions (see above).
A right to use land or an offshore area for a specific purpose, such as oil exploration.

conchiglie n
conchiglioni
pasta shells

conciliation conciliations n
koncyliacja
The process of bringing peace and harmony; the ending of strife.
(legal) A form of alternative dispute resolution, similar to but less formal than mediation, in which the parties bring their dispute to a neutral third party, who helps lower tensions, improve communications and explore possible solutions.

conciliatory /kənˈsɪl.i.əˌtɔɹ.i/ more conciliatory most conciliatory adj
pojednawczy ugodowy
Willing to conciliate, or to make concessions.

concise /kənˈsaɪs/ more concise most concise adj
zwięzły lakoniczny
Brief, yet including all important information

conclusion /kənˈkluːʒən/ conclusions n
wniosek rezultat wynik
The outcome or result of a process or act.
wniosek konkluzja
A decision reached after careful thought.
konkluzja
(logic) In an argument or syllogism, the proposition that follows as a necessary consequence of the premises.

concoct /kənˈkɒkt/ [kʰəŋˈkʰɒkt] v
przyrządzać przyrządzić
To prepare something by mixing various ingredients, especially to prepare food for cooking.
wymyślić
(figurative) To contrive something using skill or ingenuity.

concoction /kənˈkɑkʃɪn/ /kənˈkɒkʃən/ [kʰənˈkʰɑkʃɪn] [kʰəŋˈkʰɑkʃɪn] concoctions n
konkokcja
A mixture prepared in such a way.

concomitant /kənˈkɑːmətənt/ /kənˈkɒmɪtənt/ adj
współistniejący
Accompanying; conjoining; attending; concurrent. [from early 17th c.]

concordat /kənˈkɔːdæt/ concordats n
konkordat
A formal agreement between two parties, especially between a church and a state; specifically, an agreement between the Pope and a government.

concourse /ˈkɒŋkɔː(ɹ)s/ concourses n
hala
A large open space in or in front of a building where people can gather, particularly one joining various paths, as in a rail station or airport terminal, or providing access to and linking the platforms in a railway terminus.

concrete /kɑŋˈkɹiːt/ /kɵnˈkɹiːt/ /kɵŋˈkɹiːt/ /ˈkɑnkɹiːt/ /ˈkɑŋkɹiːt/ /ˈkɒnkɹiːt/ /ˈkɒŋkɹiːt/ /ˌkɑnˈkɹiːt/ concreter concretest adj
konkretny
Real, actual, tangible.
Being or applying to actual things, rather than abstract qualities or categories.
Particular, specific, rather than general.
(obsolete) Not liquid or fluid; solid.
betonowy beton
(not comparable) Made of concrete (building material).

concrete /kɑŋˈkɹiːt/ /kɵnˈkɹiːt/ /kɵŋˈkɹiːt/ /ˈkɑnkɹiːt/ /ˈkɑŋkɹiːt/ /ˈkɒnkɹiːt/ /ˈkɒŋkɹiːt/ /ˌkɑnˈkɹiːt/ concretes n
beton
(countable, uncountable) A building material created by mixing cement, water, and aggregate such as gravel and sand.

concrete /kɑŋˈkɹiːt/ /kɵnˈkɹiːt/ /kɵŋˈkɹiːt/ /ˈkɑnkɹiːt/ /ˈkɑŋkɹiːt/ /ˈkɒnkɹiːt/ /ˈkɒŋkɹiːt/ /ˌkɑnˈkɹiːt/ v
betonować
(usually, transitive) To cover with or encase in concrete (building material).

concrete jungle concrete jungles n
betonowa dżungla
(idiomatic) An urban or other populated area containing a high density of buildings constructed of concrete or similar materials, especially one which lacks greenery and which seems unattractive, harsh, or unsafe.

concreter concreters n
betoniarz
A person who pours or works with concrete

concretism concretisms n
konkretyzm
(art) An abstractionist painting movement that evolved in the 1930s.

concretization concretizations n
konkretyzacja
(countable) Something specific which is the result of a process of concretizing a general principle or idea.

concretize v
konkretyzować skonkretyzować
(transitive) To make concrete, substantial, real, or tangible; to represent or embody a concept through a particular instance or example.

concubinage concubinages n
konkubinat
The state of cohabiting or living together as man and woman while not married.

concubine /ˈkɑŋkjəbaɪn/ concubines n
konkubina nieślubna konkubentka
A woman who lives with a man, but who is not a wife.

concupiscent /kɑːnˈkjuːpɪ.sənt/ /kɒnˈkjuːpɪ.sənt/ /kənˈkjuːpə.sənt/ more concupiscent most concupiscent adj
lubieżny zmysłowy
Amorous; lustful.

concur /kəŋˈkɜː/ /kəŋˈkɝ/ v
zgadzać się
To agree (in action or opinion); to have a common opinion; to coincide; to correspond.

concurrence concurrences n
zgoda
Agreement; concurring.

concussion /kənˈkʌʃn̩/ /kənˈkʌʃən/ concussions n
wstrząs
A violent collision or shock.
wstrząs mózgu wstrząśnienie mózgu
(uncountable, _, in, _, Commonwealth, countable, _) An injury to part of the body, most especially the brain, caused by a violent blow, followed by loss of function.

condemn /kənˈdɛm/ /kənˈdɪm/ v
potępiać potępić
(transitive, legal) To declare (a vessel) to be forfeited to the government, to be a prize, or to be unfit for service.

condemnation /ˌkɑndəmˈneɪʃən/ /ˌkɒndəmˈneɪʃən/ /ˌkɒndɛmˈneɪʃən/ condemnations n
potępienie
The state of being condemned.

condensate /ˈkɒndənseɪt/ /ˈkɒndənsət/ condensates n
kondensacja kondensat
(physics) A liquid that is the product of condensation of a gas, i.e. of steam.

condensation /ˌkɑn.dɛnˈseɪ.ʃən/ condensations n
kondensacja
The act or process of condensing or of being condensed
The state of being condensed.
(chemistry) The reaction of two substances with the simultaneous loss of water or other small molecule.
skraplanie kondensacja
(physics) The conversion of a gas to a liquid.

condensed milk condensed milks n
mleko skondensowane
Milk that has been reduced and sweetened to the consistency of syrup.

condenser condensers n
skraplacz kondensator
A device designed to condense a gas into a liquid, either as part of a still, steam engine, refrigerator or similar machine.
kondensor
(optics) A lens (or combination of lenses) designed to gather light and focus it onto a specimen or part of a mechanism.

condescending /ˈkɔn.dɪ.sɛnd.ɪŋ/ /ˈkɔnˌdi.sɛnd.ɪŋ/ /ˌkɑndəˈsɛndɪŋ/ more condescending most condescending adj
protekcjonalny
Assuming a tone of superiority, or a patronizing attitude.

condescendingly /kɒn.dɪˈsɛn.dɪŋ.li/ more condescendingly most condescendingly adv
protekcjonalnie
In a condescending manner.

condescension /kɑndiˈsɛnʃən/ /kɒndiˈsɛnʃən/ condescensions n
protekcjonalizm protekcjonalność
(usually, uncountable, pejorative) A patronizing attitude or behavior. [from 1930s]

condiment /ˈkɒn.dɪ.mənt/ condiments n
przyprawa
Something used to enhance the flavor of food; for example, salt or pepper.

condition /kənˈdɪʃən/ conditions n
stan kondycja
A particular state of being.
The health status of a medical patient.
warunek
A requirement.
A logical clause or phrase that a conditional statement uses. The phrase can either be true or false.

condition /kənˈdɪʃən/ v
przywykać przywyknąć
To subject to the process of acclimation.
przysposabiać przysposobić przyuczać przyuczyć
To shape the behaviour of someone to do something.

conditional /kənˈdɪʃ.nəl/ /kənˈdɪʃ.ə.nəl/ adj
warunkowy
(logic) Stating that one sentence is true if another is.

conditional /kənˈdɪʃ.nəl/ /kənˈdɪʃ.ə.nəl/ conditionals n
tryb przypuszczający
(grammar) The conditional mood.

conditional probability conditional probabilities n
prawdopodobieństwo warunkowe
The probability that an event will take place given the restrictive assumption that another event has taken place, or that a combination of other events has taken place. (Mathematically, the definition would be that the conditional probability of B given A is equal to the joint probability of A and B divided by the probability of A.)

condole /kənˈdoʊl/ v
współczuć
(intransitive) To express sympathetic sorrow; to lament in sympathy (with someone on something).

condolence /kənˈdoʊləns/ /ˈkɒndələns/ condolences n
współczucie
(uncountable) Comfort, support or sympathy.
kondolencje
(countable, usually, in the plural) An expression of comfort, support, or sympathy offered to the family and friends of somebody who has died.

condolences /kənˈdoʊlənsəz/ /ˈkɒndələnsəz/ interjection
moje kondolencje
Expressing sympathy to someone, especially after learning of a close death.

condolences /kənˈdoʊlənsəz/ /ˈkɒndələnsəz/ n
kondolencje
comfort, support, or sympathy offered especially to the family and friends of somebody who has died.

condom /ˈkɑn.dəm/ /ˈkɒn.dɒm/ /ˈkɒn.dəm/ /ˈkʌn.dəm/ condoms n
prezerwatywa kondom
A flexible sleeve made of latex or other impermeable material such as sheepskin, worn over an erect penis during sexual intercourse as a contraceptive or as a way to prevent the spread of STDs.

condominium /kɑn.dəˈmɪn.i.əm/ /kɒn.dəˈmɪn.ɪ.əm/ condominia condominiums n
kondominium
Joint sovereignty over a territory by two or more countries. [from 18th c.]
mieszkanie własnościowe
(US, Canada, Philippines) An individual unit (such as an apartment) in such a complex.
wspólnota mieszkaniowa
(US, Canada, Philippines) A building or complex of buildings that provides multiple residential units each of which is owned separately but whose grounds, structure, etc. (if any) are owned jointly. [from 20th c.]

conducive /kənˈdjuːsɪv/ /kənˈdusɪv/ more conducive most conducive adj
sprzyjający
Tending to contribute to, encourage, or bring about some result.

conduct /kənˈdʌkt/ /ˈkɑndʌkt/ /ˈkɒndʌkt/ conducts n
zachowanie zarządzanie
The act or method of controlling or directing.
kierownictwo
Skillful guidance or management.
fabuła
(of a literary work) Plot.

conduct /kənˈdʌkt/ /ˈkɑndʌkt/ /ˈkɒndʌkt/ v
kierować poprowadzić prowadzić
(archaic, transitive) To lead, or guide; to escort.
dyrygować kierować poprowadzić prowadzić
(transitive) To lead; to direct; to be in charge of (people or tasks)
zachować się zachowywać się
(transitive, reflexive) To behave.
prowadzić
(transitive) To serve as a medium for conveying; to transmit (heat, light, electricity, etc.)
przewodzić
(intransitive) To act as a conductor (as of heat, electricity, etc.); to carry.
prowadzić przeprowadzać przeprowadzić
(transitive) To carry out (something organized)

conduction band conduction bands n
pasmo przewodnictwa
(physics) The range of electron energies in an insulator or semiconductor in which electrons can move freely and transport charge.

conductivity conductivities n
konduktywność przewodność
The ability of a material to conduct electricity, heat, fluid or sound

conductor /kənˈdʌktɚ/ conductors conductress conductrix n
dyrygent dyrygentka
(music) A person who conducts an orchestra, choir or other music ensemble; a professional whose occupation is conducting.
konduktor
(rail transport) A person who takes tickets on public transportation and also helps passengers.
przewodnik
(physics) Something that can transmit electricity, heat, light, or sound.

condyle /ˈkɒndaɪl/ /ˈkɒndɪl/ condyles n
kłykieć
(anatomy) A smooth prominence on a bone where it forms a joint with another bone.

cone /ˈkoʊn/ /ˈkəʊn/ cones n
stożek
(geometry) A surface of revolution formed by rotating a segment of a line around another line that intersects the first line.
(geometry) A solid of revolution formed by rotating a triangle around one of its altitudes.
Anything shaped like a cone.
(anatomy) Any of the small cone-shaped structures in the retina.
szyszka
The fruit of a conifer.

cone cell cone cells n
czopek
(anatomy) Any of the photoreceptor cells in the retina that are responsible for colour vision in relatively bright light.

coneflower coneflowers n
jeżówka rudbekia
Any of several similar flowering plants of tribe Heliantheae in order Asterales, in genera Dracopis, Echinacea, Rudbeckia, and Ratibida, that have a cone-shaped disk of florets.

confection /kənˈfɛkʃən/ confections n
słodycze
A food item prepared very sweet, frequently decorated in fine detail, and often preserved with sugar, such as a candy, sweetmeat, fruit preserve, pastry, or cake.

confectioner confectioners n
cukiernik cukierniczka
A manufacturer of or dealer in confections (sweets and candies, and other sweet food items).

confectioner's cream confectioner's creams n
śmietana cukiernicza
Cream used by confectioners to make pies, etc.

confectionery /kənˈfɛkʃənəɹi/ /kənˈfɛkʃənɹi/ confectioneries n
słodycze
(uncountable) Foodstuffs that taste very sweet, taken as a group; candies, sweetmeats and confections collectively.
cukiernictwo
(uncountable) The business or occupation of manufacturing confectionery; the skill or work of a confectioner.

confederation /kənfɛdəˈɹeɪʃən/ confederations n
konfederacja
A union or alliance of states or political organizations.

confer /kənˈfɜː/ /kənˈfʌɹ/ [kʰə̥ɱˈfɚ] v
wiecować
(intransitive) To talk together, to consult, discuss; to deliberate. [from 16th c.]

conference /ˈkɑnf(ə)ɹəns/ /ˈkɒnf(ə)ɹəns/ [ˈkʰɑɱ.fɹn̩s] [ˈkʰɑɱ.fɹəns] conferences n
konferencja zjazd
(business) An event organized by a for-profit or non-profit organization to discuss a pressing issue, such as a new product, market trend or government regulation, with a range of speakers.
(Philippines, sports) A constituent tournament of a sports league in a given season.

conference interpreter conference interpreters n
tłumacz konferencyjny

conference interpreting n
tłumaczenie konferencyjne

confess /kənˈfɛs/ v
przyznawać się przyznać się
(intransitive, transitive) To admit to the truth, particularly in the context of sins or crimes committed.
spowiadać się
(religion) To unburden (oneself) of sins to God or a priest, in order to receive absolution.

confession /kənˈfɛʃən/ confessions n
wyznanie spowiedź przyznanie zwierzenie
The open admittance of having done something (especially something bad).
konfesja wyznanie
Acknowledgment of belief; profession of one's faith.
spowiedź wyspowiadanie się
A formula in which the articles of faith are comprised; a creed to be assented to or signed, as a preliminary to admission to membership of a church; a confession of faith.

confessional /kənˈfɛʃənəl/ confessionals n
konfesjonał
(Roman Catholicism) A small room where confession—the Sacrament of Penance—is performed in private with a priest.

confessor /kənˈfɛsə/ /kənˈfɛsɚ/ /ˈkɒnfɛs(ɔ)ə/ /ˈkɒnfɛsɔː/ confessoress confessors n
wyznawca
One who confesses faith in Christianity in the face of persecution, but who is not martyred.
spowiednik
(Roman Catholicism) A priest who hears confession and then gives absolution

confidant /ˈkɑn.fɪ.dɑnt/ /ˈkɒn.fɪˌdænt/ /ˌkɒn.fɪˈdænt/ confidants n
powierniczka powiernik zausznica zausznik
A person in whom one can confide or share one's secrets: a friend.

confidence /ˈkɑn.fɪ.dəns/ /ˈkɒn.fɪ.dəns/ confidences n
pewność siebie
Self-assurance.

confidence interval confidence intervals n
przedział ufności
(statistics) A range defined such that there is a fixed probability that the value of the measured parameter will fall within the range.

confident /ˈkɑn.fɪ.dənt/ /ˈkɒn.fɪ.dənt/ [ˈkʰɑɱ.fə.dn̩t] [ˈkʰɒɱ.fə.dn̩t] more confident most confident adj
pewien pewny przeświadczony
Very sure of something; positive.

confidential /ˌkɑːnfɪˈdɛnʃl/ more confidential most confidential adj
poufny
Kept, or meant to be kept, secret within a certain circle of persons; not intended to be known publicly

confidentiality confidentialities n
poufność
(uncountable) The property of being confidential.

confidently /ˈkɑnfɪdəntli/ /ˈkɒnfɪdəntli/ more confidently most confidently adv
pewnie
In a confident manner; with confidence; with strong assurance; positively.

configuration /kənˌfɪɡ.jəˈɹeɪ̯.ʃən/ /kənˌfɪɡ.əˈɹeɪ̯.ʃən/ /kənˌfɪɡ.əˈɹæɪ̯.ʃən/ configurations n
konfiguracja
The relative positions of a set of things; the way things are arranged or put together;

confirm /kənˈfɜːm/ /kənˈfɝm/ v
potwierdzać bierzmować potwierdzić
To strengthen; to make firm or resolute.
bierzmować
(transitive, Christianity) To administer the sacrament of confirmation on (someone).
potwierdzać potwierdzić
To assure the accuracy of previous statements.

confirmand confirmands n
bierzmowana bierzmowany
(religion) A candidate for confirmation or affirmation of baptism.

confirmation /ˌkɑn.fəɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkɒn.fəˈmeɪ.ʃən/ [ˌkʰɑɱ.fɚˈmeɪ.ʃn̩] [ˌkʰɒɱ.fəˈmeɪ.ʃn̩] confirmations n
potwierdzenie
An official indicator that things will happen as planned.
potwierdzenie konfirmacja
A verification that something is true or has happened.
bierzmowanie konfirmacja
A ceremony of sealing and conscious acknowledgement of the faith in many Christian churches, typically around the ages of 14 to 18; considered a sacrament in some churches, including Catholicism, but not in most Protestant churches.

confiscate v
konfiskować
(transitive) To use one's authority to lay claim to and separate a possession from its holder.

confiscation confiscations n
konfiskata
The act or process of confiscating.

confiture /ˈkɑnfɪt͡ʃɚ/ /ˈkɒnfɪtjʊə(ɹ)/ confitures n
konfitura konfitury
a preserve or jelly/jam of candied fruit

conflagration /ˌkɒnfləˈɡɹeɪʃən/ conflagrations n
pożar pożoga
A large fire extending to many objects, or over a large space; a general burning.

conflate /kɒnˈfleɪt/ /kənˈfleɪt/ v
połączyć
(by extension) To fail to properly distinguish or keep separate (things); to mistakenly treat (them) as equivalent.
(by extension) To deliberately draw a false equivalence or association, typically in a tacit or implicit manner as propaganda and/or an intentional distortion or misrepresentation of the subject matter.

conflict /kənˈflɪkt/ /ˈkɑn.flɪkt/ /ˈkɒn.flɪkt/ conflicts n
konflikt batalia walka
A clash or disagreement, often violent, between two or more opposing groups or individuals.

conflict-free adj
bezkonfliktowy
Not involving any serious disagreement or argument.

conflictless adj
bezkonfliktowy

conflictlessness n
bezkonfliktowość

confluence /kənˈflu.əns/ /ˈkɑnˌflu.əns/ /ˈkɒn.flu.əns/ confluences n
konfluencja zbieg
The place where two rivers, streams, or other continuously flowing bodies of water meet and become one, especially where a tributary joins a river.

conform /kənˈfɔɹm/ /kənˈfɔːm/ v
dostosować się
(intransitive, of things or procedures) To be as required or recommended by a specification, regulation, or policy.

conformal more conformal most conformal adj
konforemny równokątny wiernokątny
(mathematics, of a transformation) That preserves angles between intersecting curves.
wiernokątny
(cartography, of a map projection) That preserves relative angles over small scales, at all but a limited number of distinct points.

conformant more conformant most conformant adj
zgodny ze specyfikacją

conformism conformisms n
konformizm
A willingness to conform; conformity.

confrontation /ˌkɑn.fɹənˈteɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkɒn.fɹənˈteɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkɔn.fɹənˈtæɪ.ʃən/ confrontations n
konfrontacja
The act of confronting or challenging another, especially face to face.
A conflict between armed forces.

confrontational /ˌkɒnfɹənˈteɪʃənˈəl/ more confrontational most confrontational adj
konfliktowy konfrontacyjny
Pertaining to a confrontation; characterized by, or given to initiating hostile encounter; in-your-face.

confuse /kənˈfjuːz/ v
zmieszać
(transitive) to puzzle, perplex, baffle, bewilder (somebody); to afflict by being complicated, contradictory, or otherwise difficult to understand
pomylić
(transitive) To mix up, muddle up (one thing with another); to mistake (one thing for another).

confused /kənˈfjuːzd/ more confused most confused adj
zdezorientowany
(of a person or animal) disoriented
zakłopotany zmieszany
chaotic, jumbled or muddled

confusing /kənˈfjuːzɪŋ/ more confusing most confusing adj
mylący zagmatwany
difficult to understand; not clear as lacking order, chaotic etc

confusion /kənˈfjuːʒən/ confusions n
zamieszanie chaos
A lack of clarity or order.
nieporozumienie zamieszanie
The state of being confused; misunderstanding.

congeal /kənˈd͡ʒiːl/ v
zestalić
(transitive) To change from a liquid to solid state, perhaps due to cold; called to freeze in nontechnical usage.

congenial /kənˈd͡ʒiːniəl/ more congenial most congenial adj
arcymiły
Friendly or sociable.

congenially more congenially most congenially adv
arcymile arcymiło

congenital adj
wrodzony
(of a trait or a disease) Present since birth.

congenital insensitivity to pain n
analgezja wrodzona
(disease) A rare inborn disorder, the sufferers of which cannot feel pain.

congestion /-ˈd͡ʒɛʃ.d͡ʒən/ /kənˈd͡ʒɛst.ʃən/ /kʊnˈd͡ʒɛʃ.d͡ʒən/ congestions n
zator
An accumulation or buildup, the act of gathering into a heap or mass.
An excess of traffic; usually not a complete standstill of traffic, so usually not synonymous with traffic jam.

conglomerate /kənˈɡlɑm.əˌɹeɪt/ /kənˈɡlɑm.ɚ.ɪt/ /kənˈɡlɑm.ɹɪt/ /kənˈɡlɒm.(ə.)ɹət/ /kənˈɡlɒm.əˌɹeɪt/ conglomerates n
konglomerat
(business) A corporation formed by the combination of several smaller corporations whose activities are unrelated to the corporation's primary activity.
konglomerat zlepieniec żwirowiec
(geology) A rock consisting of gravel or pebbles embedded in a matrix.

congratulate /-d͡ʒ.ə-/ /-t͡ʃ.ə-/ /kənˈɡɹæd͡ʒ.ʊˌleɪt/ /kənˈɡɹæt͡ʃ.ʊˌleɪt/ v
gratulować winszować pogratulować powinszować
To express one’s sympathetic pleasure or joy to the person(s) it is felt for.

congratulation /kənˌɡɹætjʊˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ congratulations n
gratulacje
The act of congratulating.

congratulations /-d͡ʒə-/ /-d͡ʒʊ-/ /-tjə-/ /-tjʊ-/ /-t͡ʃʊ-/ /kənˌɡɹat͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/ /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/ interjection
gratulacje
Expressing praise and approval, expressing approbation.

congregation /ˌkɑŋɡɹəˈɡeɪʃən/ /ˌkɒŋɡɹɪˈɡeɪʃən/ congregations n
zebranie zgromadzenie
A gathering of faithful in a temple, church, synagogue, mosque or other place of worship. It can also refer to the people who are present at a devotional service in the building, particularly in contrast to the pastor, minister, imam, rabbi etc. and/or choir, who may be seated apart from the general congregation or lead the service (notably in responsory form).
Any large gathering of people.
kongregacja
A Roman Congregation, a main department of the Vatican administration of the Catholic Church.

congress /-ɹɛs/ /kənˈɡɹɛs/ /kəŋˈɡɹɛs/ /ˈkɑŋɡɹəs/ /ˈkɒŋˌɡɹɛs/ congresses n
kongres
A formal gathering or assembly; a conference held to discuss or decide on a specific question.
(often, capitalized) A legislative body of a state, originally the bicameral legislature of the United States of America.
An association, especially one consisting of other associations or representatives of interest groups.

congressman congressmen congresswoman n
kongresman kongresmen
A male member of congress.

congresswoman congresswomen n
kongresmanka kongresmenka
A female member of congress
(US) A female member of the House of Representatives

congruence /ˈkɑŋ.ɡɹu.əns/ /ˈkɒŋ.ɡɹʊ.əns/ /ˈkɔŋ.ɡɹʉ.əns/ congruences n
kongruencja stosowność
The quality of agreeing or corresponding; being suitable and appropriate.
kongruencja przystawanie
(mathematics, number theory) A relation between two numbers indicating they give the same remainder when divided by some given number.
(mathematics, geometry) The quality of being isometric — roughly, the same measure and shape.

congruent /kənˈɡɹu.ənt/ /ˈkɑŋ.ɡɹu.ənt/ /ˈkɒŋ.ɡɹu.ənt/ /ˈkɔŋ.ɡɹʉ.ənt/ more congruent most congruent adj
kongruentny przystający
(mathematics) Having a difference divisible by a modulus.
przystający
(mathematics) Coinciding exactly when superimposed.

conic section conic sections n
stożkowa przekrój stożkowy
(geometry) Any of the four distinct shapes that are the intersections of a cone with a plane, namely the circle, ellipse, parabola and hyperbola.

conical /ˈkɑnɪkəl/ /ˈkɒnɪkəl/ more conical most conical adj
stożkowy
(geometry) Of or relating to a cone or cones.
stożkowy stożkowaty koniczny
Shaped like a cone.

conifer /ˈkɒnɪfə(ɹ)/ conifers n
choinka drzewo iglaste
(botany) A plant belonging to the order Coniferales; a cone-bearing seed plant with vascular tissue, usually a tree.

coniferous /kəˈnɪfəɹəs/ more coniferous most coniferous adj
iglasty
Of, or pertaining to, a conifer.

coniine coniines n
koniina
(organic compound) A poisonous alkaloid found in poison hemlock and the yellow pitcher plant; it is a neurotoxin which disrupts the peripheral nervous system.

conjugate /ˈkɑn.d͡ʒə.ɡeɪt/ /ˈkɑn.d͡ʒə.ɡət/ /ˈkɒn.d͡ʒə.ɡeɪt/ /ˈkɒn.d͡ʒə.ɡət/ /ˈkɔn.d͡ʒə.ɡæɪt/ /ˈkɔn.d͡ʒə.ɡət/ v
odmieniać konjugować
(grammar, transitive) To inflect (a verb) for each person, in order, for one or more tenses; to list or recite its principal parts.

conjugate transpose conjugate transposes n
sprzężenie hermitowskie macierzy

conjugation /ˌkɑnd͡ʒəˈɡeɪʃən/ /ˌkɒnd͡ʒəˈɡeɪʃən/ conjugations n
połączenie
The coming together of things; union.
koniugacja
(biology) The temporary fusion of organisms, especially as part of sexual reproduction
(grammar) In some languages, one of several classifications of verbs according to what inflections they take.
(grammar) The product of that act: the conjugated forms of a verb, collected into a list or recitation.

conjunction /kənˈd͡ʒʌŋk.ʃən/ conjunctions n
połączenie łączenie
The act of joining, or condition of being joined.
spójnik koniunkcja
(grammar) A word used to join other words or phrases together into sentences. The specific conjunction used shows how the two joined parts are related.
koniunkcja spójnik
(astronomy) The alignment of two bodies in the solar system such that they have the same longitude when seen from Earth.
(logic) The proposition resulting from the combination of two or more propositions using the ∧ (\and) operator.

conjunctionless more conjunctionless most conjunctionless adj
bezspójnikowy

conjunctiva /kənˈdʒʌŋ(k).tɪv.ə/ /kənˌd͡ʒʌŋ(k)ˈtaɪ.və/ /ˌkɑnˌd͡ʒʌŋ(k)ˈtaɪ.və/ /ˌkɒn.dʒʌŋ(k)ˈtʌɪ.və/ conjunctivae conjunctivas n
spojówka
(anatomy) A clear mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelid and the exposed surface of the eyeball or sclera.

conjunctive adj
koniunkcyjny
(logic) Of or relating to logical conjunction.

conjunctive normal form conjunctive normal forms n
koniunkcyjna postać normalna

conjunctivitis /kənˌd͡ʒʌŋktɪˈvaɪtɪs/ conjunctivites conjunctivitides conjunctivitises n
zapalenie spojówek
(pathology) An inflammation of the conjunctiva, often due to infection.

conlanger /ˈkɑn.læŋ.ɚ/ /ˈkɒn.læŋ.ə/ conlangers n
językotwórca
Someone who creates constructed languages (conlangs).

connate more connate most connate adj
kopalny
(geology) Trapped within a rock at the time of its formation (especially of water or petroleum).

connect /kəˈnɛkt/ v
łączyć połączyć
(intransitive, of an object) To join (to another object): to attach, or to be intended to attach or capable of attaching, to another object.
(intransitive, of two objects) To join: to attach, or to be intended to attach or capable of attaching, to each other.
(transitive, of an object) To join (two other objects), or to join (one object) to (another object): to be a link between two objects, thereby attaching them to each other.
To join an electrical or telephone line to a circuit or network.
połączyć łączyć
To associate; to establish a relation between.
przesiadać przesiąść
To make a travel connection; to switch from one means of transport to another as part of the same trip.

connect the dots v
połączyć kropki łączyć kropki

connected /kəˈnɛktɪd/ more connected most connected adj
spójna spójny
(mathematics, topology, of a topological space) That cannot be partitioned into two nonempty open sets.
spójny
(mathematics, graph theory, of a graph) Having a path, either directed or undirected, connecting every pair of vertices.

connected component connected components n
składowa spójna
(topology, and, graph theory) A connected subset that is, moreover, maximal with respect to being connected.

connecting rod connecting rods n
korbowód
Any rod, in an engine, that transmits power or motion, especially one that connects a reciprocating shaft to a rotating wheel, in reciprocating engines connecting piston to crankshaft

connection /kəˈnɛkʃən/ connections n
przesiadka
(transport) A transfer from one transportation vehicle to another in scheduled transportation service

connective /kəˈnɛktɪv/ connectives n
spójnik
(logic) A function that operates on truth values to give another truth value.

connective tissue connective tissues n
tkanka łączna
(anatomy) A type of tissue found in animals whose main function is binding other tissue systems (such as muscle to skin) or organs and consists of the following three elements: cells, fibers and a ground substance (or extracellular matrix).

connectome /kəˈnɛktəʊm/ connectomes n
konektom
(biology, neuroscience) The complete mapping of the structural links in an organism's neural circuitry.

connector connectors n
złącze
A device (or, more precisely, a mating pair of devices, often a plug and a socket) for connecting together two wires, cables, or hoses, allowing electricity or fluid to flow but also allowing easy disconnection and reconnection when necessary.

conning tower conning towers n
kiosk
(nautical) A connecting structure between the bridge and pressure hull of a submarine; in larger, modern submarines it contains the captain's cabin and is known as the sail.

connoisseur /ˌkɑnəˈsɝ/ /ˌkɑnəˈsʊɹ/ /ˌkɒnəˈsɜː/ /ˌkɒnəˈsʊə/ connoisseurs n
znawca koneser koneserka znawczyni
A specialist in a given field whose opinion is highly valued, especially in one of the fine arts or in matters of taste.

connotation /ˌkɑnəˈteɪʃən/ /ˌkɒnəˈteɪʃən/ connotations n
konotacja skojarzenie
(semantics) A meaning of a word or phrase that is suggested or implied, as opposed to a denotation, or literal meaning. A characteristic of words or phrases, or of the contexts that words and phrases are used in.

connote /kɒˈnəʊt/ /kəˈnoʊt/ /kəˈnəʊt/ v
sugerować
(transitive) To signify beyond its literal or principal meaning.
konotować przywodzić na myśl przywoływać
(intransitive) To express without overt reference; to imply.

conquer /ˈkɑŋkɚ/ /ˈkɒŋkə/ v
podbijać podbić
To defeat in combat; to subjugate.

conqueror /ˈkɑŋˌkɚ.ɚ/ /ˈkɒŋˌkə.ɹə/ /ˈkɔnˌkɚ.ɚ/ conquerors n
zdobywca
Someone who conquers.

conquest /ˈkɑnkwəst/ /ˈkɑnkwɛst/ /ˈkɑŋ-/ /ˈkɒŋkwəst/ /ˈkɒŋkwɛst/ conquests n
podbój
An act or instance of achieving victory through combat; the subjugation of an enemy.
podboju podbój tryb
(video games) A competitive mode found in first-person shooter games in which competing teams (usually two) attempt to take over predetermined spawn points labeled by flags.

conrod conrods n
korbowód
(automotive)

consanguinity /kɑnsæŋˈɡwɪnəti/ /kɑnsæŋˈɡwɪnɪti/ /kɒnsaŋˈɡwɪnəti/ /kɒnsaŋˈɡwɪnɪti/ consanguinities n
pokrewieństwo
A consanguineous or family relationship through parentage or descent. A blood relationship.

conscience /ˈkɑn.ʃəns/ /ˈkɒn.tʃəns/ /ˈkɒn.ʃəns/ consciences n
sumienie
(chiefly, fiction, narratology) A personification of the moral sense of right and wrong, usually in the form of a person, a being or merely a voice that gives moral lessons and advices.

conscientious /ˌkɑnʃiˈɛnʃəs/ /ˌkɒnʃiˈɛnʃəs/ more conscientious most conscientious adj
sumienny skrupulatny
Thorough, careful, or vigilant in one’s task performance.

conscientious objector conscientious objectors n
obdżektor
Someone who refuses to perform military service (for example to fight in an armed conflict, or be compulsorily drafted in a time of peace) because of religious or moral principles.

conscientiousness n
sumienność
The state or characteristic of being conscientious.

conscious /ˈkɑn.ʃəs/ /ˈkɒn.ʃəs/ /ˈkɒntʃəs/ more conscious most conscious adj
świadomy przytomny
Alert, awake; with one's mental faculties active.

consciously more consciously most consciously adv
świadomie
In a conscious manner; knowingly, volitionally.

consciousness /ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/ /ˈkɒnʃəsnəs/ consciousnesses n
świadomość przytomność
The state of being conscious or aware; awareness.

conscript /kənˈskɹɪpt/ /ˈkɑnskɹɪpt/ /ˈkɒnskɹɪpt/ conscripts n
poborowy rekrut
One who is compulsorily enrolled, often into a military service; a draftee.

conscription /kənˈskɹɪpʃən/ conscriptions n
pobór asenterunek branka
Involuntary labor, especially military service, demanded by some established authority.

conscriptional adj
asenterunkowy

consecrate /ˈkɑnsəkɹeɪt/ /ˈkɑnsəkɹət/ /ˈkɒnsəkɹeɪt/ /ˈkɒnsəkɹət/ v
poświęcić święcić
(transitive) To declare something holy, or make it holy by some procedure.

consecration /ˌkɒnsɪˈkɹeɪʃən/ consecrations n
konsekracja
The act or ceremony of consecrating; the state of being consecrated; dedication.

consecutio temporum /ˌkɒnsəˈkjuːʃiəʊ ˌtɛmˈpɔːɹəm/ n
następstwo czasów
(linguistics, grammar) A set of grammatical rules of a particular language, governing the agreement between the tenses of verbs in related clauses or sentences; agreement between tenses of verbs in accordance with said set of rules.

consecutive /kənˈsɛkjʊtɪv/ adj
kolejny
following, in succession, without interruption

consecutive interpreting n
tłumaczenie konsekutywne
(translation studies) A type of oral translation from one language into another which is produced after a person has finished speaking and typically with the aid of notetaking.

consensus /kənˈsɛnsəs/ consensus consensuses n
konsensus
General agreement among the members of a given group or community, each of which exercises some discretion in decision-making and follow-up action.

consent /kənˈsɛnt/ consents n
zgoda pozwolenie
Voluntary agreement or permission.

consent /kənˈsɛnt/ v
przyzwalać przyzwolić zgadzać zgodzić
(intransitive) To express willingness, to give permission.

consequence /ˈkɑnsɪkwəns/ /ˈkɑnsɪkwɛns/ /ˈkɒnsɪkwɛns/ consequences n
konsekwencja następstwo
An effect; something that follows a cause as a result.
skutek konsekwencja
(especially when preceded by "of") Importance, influence, or significance.

consequent /ˈkɑn.sɪ.kwənt/ /ˈkɒn.sɪ.kwənt/ /ˈkɔn.sɪ.kwənt/ consequents n
następnik
(logic) The second half of a hypothetical proposition; Q, if the form of the proposition is "If P, then Q."

consequently /ˈkɑːnsəˌkwɛntli/ /ˈkɑːnsɪˌkwɛntli/ /ˈkɒnsɪˌkwɛntli/ adv
konsekwentnie
(conjunctive) As a result or consequence of something; subsequently.

conservation /ˌkɑnsə(ɹ)ˈveɪʃən/ conservations n
konserwacja
The act of preserving, guarding, or protecting; the keeping (of a thing) in a safe or entire state; preservation.

conservationist conservationists n
konserwatysta konserwatystka
A person who maintains natural areas or protects threatened species.

conservatism conservatisms n
konserwatyzm
A political philosophy that advocates traditional values.

conservative /kənˈsɜːvətɪv/ /kənˈsɝvətɪv/ more conservative most conservative adj
konserwatywny zachowawczy
Tending to resist change or innovation.
konserwatywny
(US, economics, politics, social sciences) Supporting some combination of fiscal, political or social conservatism.

conservative /kənˈsɜːvətɪv/ /kənˈsɝvətɪv/ conservatives n
konserwatysta
A person who favors maintenance of the status quo.
konserwatysta konserwatystka
(politics) One who opposes changes to the traditional institutions of their country.
konserwatywny
(US, politics) A person who favors decentralization of political power and disfavors interventionist foreign policy.
(US, economics) A fiscal conservative.

conservatively more conservatively most conservatively adv
konserwatywnie
In a conservative manner

conservator conservators n
konserwator konserwatorka
One who conserves, preserves or protects something.
konserwator konserwatorka restaurator restauratorka
A professional who works on the conservation and restoration of objects, particularly artistic objects.

conservatory /kənˈsɜː.və.tɹi/ /kənˈsɝ.vəˌtɔ.ɹi/ conservatories n
konserwatorium
A school of music or drama

conserve /kənˈsɜː(ɹ)v/ /ˈkɒnsɜː(ɹ)v/ v
konserwować zakonserwować
(transitive) To save for later use, sometimes by the use of a preservative.

consider /kənˈsɪdə/ /kənˈsɪdɚ/ /kənˈsɪɾə/ [kənˈsɪɾɚ] v
rozważać
(intransitive) To think about something seriously or carefully: to deliberate.
(transitive) To think of doing.
(transitive, parliamentary procedure) To debate (or dispose of) a motion.
baczyć obserwować
(transitive) To look at attentively.
uważać uznawać
To have regard to; to take into view or account; to pay due attention to; to respect.

consider it done /kənˈsɪdə ɪt dʌn/ phraseologicalUnit
masz to jak w banku
Used to indicate an intent to fulfil a request or order promptly.

considerable /kənˈsɪdəɹəbl̩/ /kənˈsɪdɹəbl̩/ more considerable most considerable adj
znaczny spory znaczący
Significant; worth considering.

considerably /kənˈsɪdəɹəbli/ /kənˈsɪdɹəbli/ more considerably most considerably adv
znacznie
Significantly; to a degree worth considering.

consignee /ˌkɒn.saɪˈniː/ consignees n
odbiorca
The person to whom a shipment is to be delivered.

consigner consigners n
konsygnant
The party that consigns.
(business) The party that provides merchandise for consignment sale.

consignment /kənˈsaɪnmənt/ consignments n
przesyłka przesyłka konsygnowana
A collection of goods to be sent, in transit or having been sent.
przekazanie wysyłka
The sale of one's own goods (clothing, furniture, etc.) through a third-party vendor, in exchange for a portion of the sale price, and with the consigner retaining ownership of the goods until they are sold or abandoned.

consilience /kənˈsɪ.li.əns/ consiliences n
konsyliencja
(logic) The concurrence of multiple inductions drawn from different data sets. [from 1840]

consist /kənˈsɪst/ v
składać składać się
(intransitive, with of) To comprise, or to be composed, formed, or constituted of.

consist in v
polegać
To have the thing mentioned as the only or most important part.

consistence /kənˈsɪst(ə)ns/ /kənˈsɪstəns/ consistences n
konsystencja
(archaic) The physical quality which is given by the degree of firmness, solidity, density, and viscosity; consistency.

consistency /kənˈsɪstənsi/ consistencies n
spójność
Reliability or uniformity; the quality of being consistent.
konsystencja
The degree of viscosity of something.
niesprzeczność
(logic) Freedom from contradiction; the state of a system of axioms such that none of the propositions deduced from them are mutually contradictory.

consistent /kənˈsɪstənt/ more consistent most consistent adj
konsystentny spójny
(logic) Of a set of statements: such that no contradiction logically follows from them.

consolation /ˌkɑn.səˈleɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkɒn.səˈleɪ.ʃən/ consolations n
pociecha konsolacja pocieszenie
The act or example of consoling; the condition of being consoled.
nagroda pocieszenia
The prize or benefit for the loser.

consolation prize consolation prizes n
nagroda pocieszenia
An award or small item given to persons or groups of people who do not win an event but are worthy of recognition, especially in a game show.

console /ˈkɑn.soʊl/ /ˈkɒn.səʊl/ consoles n
konsola
A stand-alone cabinet designed to stand on the floor; especially, one integrated with home entertainment equipment, such as a TV or stereo system.
A desk-like cabinet, table, or stand upon which controls, instruments, and displays are mounted.
An instrument with displays and an input device that is used to monitor and control an electronic system.
(architectural element) An ornamental member jutting out of a wall to carry a superincumbent weight, often S-shaped.

console /kənˈsoʊl/ /kənˈsəʊl/ v
pocieszać pocieszyć
(transitive) To comfort (someone) in a time of grief, disappointment, etc.

consoler consolers n
pocieszyciel
One who gives consolation.

consolidation consolidations n
konsolidacja
The combination of several actions into one.

consonant /ˈkɑn.sə.nənt/ /ˈkɑns.nənt/ /ˈkɒn.sə.nənt/ consonants n
spółgłoska
(phonetics) A sound that results from the passage of air through restrictions of the oral cavity; any sound that is not the dominant sound of a syllable, the dominant sound generally being a vowel.
A letter representing the sound of a consonant.

consonant cluster consonant clusters n
zbitka spółgłoskowa
(phonetics) Two or more consonants in succession.

consonantal /ˌkɑn.sə.ˈnæn.təl/ /ˌkɑn.sə.ˈnɛn.təl/ /ˌkɒn.sə.ˈnæn.təl/ more consonantal most consonantal adj
konsonantyczny spółgłoskowy
Of, relating to, or functioning as a consonant.

consort /kənˈsɔɹt/ /kənˈsɔːt/ /ˈkɑnsɔɹt/ /ˈkɒnsɔːt/ consorts n
małżonek małżonka
A husband, wife, companion or partner.

consortium /kənˈsɔː(ɹ).ti.əm/ /kənˈsɔː(ɹ).ʃəm/ consortia consortiums n
konsorcjum
An association or combination of businesses, financial institutions, or investors, for the purpose of engaging in a joint venture.
A similar arrangement among non-commercial institutions or organizations.
An association or society.

conspecific /ˌkɑnspəˈsɪfɪk/ /ˌkɒnspəˈsɪfɪk/ adj
współplemienny
(taxonomy) relating to the same species

conspecific /ˌkɑnspəˈsɪfɪk/ /ˌkɒnspəˈsɪfɪk/ conspecifics n
współplemieniec
An organism belonging to the same species as another.

conspicuous /kənˈspɪk.ju.əs/ more conspicuous most conspicuous adj
zauważalny rzucający się w oczy widoczny
Obvious or easy to notice.
niezwykły rażący
Noticeable or attracting attention, especially if unattractive.

conspiracy /kənˈspɪɹəsi/ conspiracies n
spisek
(legal) An agreement between two or more persons to break the law at some time in the future.
spisek zmowa konspiracja knucie podziemie
(loosely) An agreement to work together to bring something about; an act or instance of conspiring.

conspiracy of silence /kənˌspɪɹəsi əv ˈsaɪləns/ conspiracies of silence n
zmowa milczenia
An agreement, either formal or tacit, between two or more parties not to discuss some matter nor to reveal any information concerning it, especially in order to avoid blame, embarrassment, or other discomfort.

conspiracy theorist /- ˌθiː.ɘ.ɹɘst/ /- ˌθiː.ə.ɹəst/ /- ˌθɪɚ.əst/ /- ˌθɪɚ.ɪst/ /kɘnˈspɘɹ.ɘ.siː ˌθiə.ɹɘst/ /kənˈspɪɹ.ə.si ˌθi.ɚ.əst/ /kənˈspɪɹ.ə.si ˌθɪəɹɪst/ /kənˈspɪɹ.ə.siː ˌθɪə.ɹəst/ conspiracy theorists n
foliara foliarz teoretyczka spiskowa teoretyk spiskowy
One who believes in, follows, or advances a conspiracy theory.

conspiracy theory /- θiːɘɹiː/ /- θiːəɹi/ /- θiːəɹiː/ /- θɪɹi/ /kɘnˈspɘɹɘsiː θiəɹiː/ /kənˈspɪɹəsi θi.əɹi/ /kənˈspɪɹəsi θɪəɹi/ /kənˈspɪɹəsiː θɪəɹiː/ conspiracy theories n
teoria spiskowa
(dismissive, derogatory) Hypothetical speculation that is commonly considered untrue or outlandish.

conspirator /kənˈspɪɹətə/ /kənˈspɪɹətɚ/ conspirators n
konspirator konspiratorka spiskowiec
One of a group that acts in harmony; a person who is part of a conspiracy.

conspiratorial /kənˌspɪɹəˈtɔːɹɪəl/ more conspiratorial most conspiratorial adj
spiskowy konspiracyjny
Pertaining to conspiracy or conspirators.

conspire /kənˈspaɪə(ɹ)/ v
konspirować knuć kombinować spiskować uknuć
(intransitive) To secretly plot or make plans together, often with the intention to bring bad or illegal results; to collude.

constant /ˈkɑnstənt/ /ˈkɒnstənt/ more constant most constant adj
bezustanny
Consistently recurring over time; persistent.

constant /ˈkɑnstənt/ /ˈkɒnstənt/ constants n
stała
(algebra) A quantity that remains at a fixed value throughout a given discussion.
(science) Any property of an experiment, determined numerically, that does not change under given circumstances.
(computing) An identifier that is bound to an invariant value; a fixed value given a name to aid in readability of source code.

constant function constant functions n
funkcja stała
(mathematics) A function whose value is the same for all the elements of its domain.

constant of integration constants of integration n
stała całkowania
(calculus) An unspecified constant term added to a particular antiderivative to make it represent its whole family of antiderivatives, usually denoted with C.

constantly /ˈkɑnstənʔli/ /ˈkɒnstəntli/ more constantly most constantly adv
bezustannie ciągle nieustannie
In a constant manner; occurring continuously; persistently.
bezustannie
(frequency) Recurring regularly.

constantness n
bezustanność

constellation /ˌkɑn.stəˈleɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkɒn.stəˈleɪ.ʃən/ [ˌkɑn.stəˈleɪ.ʃn̩] [ˌkɒn.stəˈleɪ.ʃn̩] constellations n
gwiazdozbiór konstelacja
(astronomy) An arbitrary formation of stars perceived as a figure (especially one from mythology) or pattern, or a division of the sky including it, especially one officially recognized by astronomers; an asterism.
(modern, _, astronomy) Any of the 88 regions of the sky officially recognized by the International Astronomical Union, including all stars and celestial bodies in the region. [from 1920s]
A wide, seemingly unlimited, assortment.

consternation /ˌkɑn.stɚˈneɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkɒn.stəˈneɪ.ʃən/ consternations n
konsternacja
Amazement or horror that confounds the faculties, and incapacitates for reflection; terror, combined with amazement; dismay.

constipation /ˌkɒnstɪˈpeɪʃən/ constipations n
obstrukcja zaparcie konstypacja zatwardzenie
The act of crowding anything into a lesser space, or the state of being crowded or pressed together; condensation.
A state of the bowels in which the evacuations are infrequent and difficult, or the intestines become filled with hardened faeces

constituency /kənˈstɪtju.ənsi/ /kənˈstɪt͡ʃu.ənsi/ constituencies n
okręg wyborczy
(politics) A district represented by one or more elected officials.

constituent /kənˈstɪtjuənt/ /kənˈstɪt͡ʃuənt/ adj
składowy
being a part, or component of a whole
ustawodawczy
constitutive or constituting; (politics) authorized to make a constitution

constituent /kənˈstɪtjuənt/ /kənˈstɪt͡ʃuənt/ constituents n
składnik
A part, or component of a whole
elektor wyborca wyborczyni
A resident of an area represented by an elected official, particularly in relation to that official.
element
(grammar) A functional element of a phrase or clause

constitute /ˈkɑnstɪt(j)uːt/ /ˈkɒnstɪtjuːt/ v
stanowić
(transitive) To make up; to compose; to form.

constitution /-ˈtʃuː-/ /ˌkɑnstɪˈtuʃ(ə)n/ /ˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃ(ə)n/ constitutions n
konstytucja
The act, or process of setting something up, or establishing something; the composition or structure of such a thing; its makeup.
(government) The formal or informal system of primary principles and laws that regulates a government or other institutions.
konstytucja ustawa zasadnicza
(law) A legal document describing such a formal system.
budowa ciała konstytucja
(dated) The general health of a person.

constitutional /-stə-/ /ˌkɑnstɪˈt(j)uʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ /ˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ more constitutional most constitutional adj
konstytucyjny
In compliance with or valid under a legal or political constitution.
Relating to a legal or political constitution.

constitutional court constitutional courts n
sąd konstytucyjny
a high court whose jurisdiction is focused on constitutional law or constitutional issues, such as the review of the constitutionality of laws, draft laws, political and bureaucratic decisions, acts of political parties, etc.

constitutional monarchy constitutional monarchies n
monarchia konstytucyjna
A monarchy that is limited by laws and a constitution.

constitutionalism /ˌkɑnstɪˈtuʃənəˌlɪzəm/ /ˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃənəˌlɪzəm/ constitutionalisms n
konstytucjonalizm
Philosophical belief in government under a written constitution.

constitutionalist constitutionalists n
konstytucjonalista
A person who adheres to the philosophy of constitutionalism.
A person who is expert in constitutional law.

constitutionality constitutionalities n
konstytucyjność
(legal) The status of being constitutional; of being in accord with the provisions of the appropriate constitution.

constitutionally /kɒnstɪˈtjuːʃən(ə)li/ more constitutionally most constitutionally adv
konstytucyjnie
In accordance with a political constitution.

constraint /kənˈstɹeɪnt/ /kənˈstɹæɪnt/ constraints n
ograniczenie przymus
Something that constrains; a restriction.
ograniczenie warunek
(mathematics) A condition that a solution to an optimization problem must satisfy.

construct /kənˈstɹʌkt/ /ˈkɑn.stɹʌkt/ /ˈkɒn.stɹʌkt/ v
konstruować budować skonstruować zbudować
(transitive) To build or form (something) by assembling parts.

constructed language constructed languages n
język sztuczny
Any language—whether a human language, a programming language, or markup language—that is not a natural language.

construction /kənˈstɹʌkʃən/ constructions n
konstrukcja budowa
The process of constructing.
konstrukcja budowla budynek
Anything that has been constructed.
budowla
The trade of building structures.
konstrukcja
The manner in which something is built.
(geometry) A geometric figure of arcs and line segments that is drawable with a straightedge and compass.

construction site construction sites n
budowa plac budowy
A place where a building or other physical structure is under construction. (This entry is a translation hub.)

constructive /kənˈstɹʌktɪv/ more constructive most constructive adj
konstruktywny
Carefully considered and meant to be helpful.

constructive logic constructive logics n
logika intuicjonistyczna

constructivism constructivisms n
konstruktywizm
(arts) A Russian movement in modern art characterized by the creation of nonrepresentational geometric objects using industrial materials.

constructor /kənˈstɹʌktə/ /kənˈstɹʌktɚ/ constructors n
konstruktor
(object-oriented programming) A class method that creates and initializes each instance of an object.

construe /kənˈstɹuː/ /ˈkɒnstəɹ/ construes n
translacja tłumaczenie
A translation.
interpretacja tłumaczenie
An interpretation.

construe /kənˈstɹuː/ /ˈkɒnstəɹ/ v
interpretować tłumaczyć
(transitive) To interpret (something) to another or publicly, explain the meaning (of something), usually language.
rozbierać gramatycznie
(grammar, transitive) To analyze the grammatical structure of a clause or sentence; to parse.

consubstantiation /kɔn.sʌbs.tn̩.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən/ consubstantiations n
konsubstancjacja
(Christianity) The actual, substantial presence of the body of Christ with the bread and wine of the sacrament of the Lord's Supper; impanation, as opposed to transubstantiation.

consul /ˈkɑn.səl/ /ˈkɒn.səl/ consuls n
konsul
(historical) Either of the two heads of government and state of the Roman Republic or the equivalent nominal post under the Roman and Byzantine Empires.
(by extension) An official residing in major foreign towns to represent and protect the interests of the merchants and citizens of their country.

consular adj
konsularny
Of or pertaining to a consul, or the office thereof.

consulate /ˈkɑnsələt/ /ˈkɑnsəlɪt/ /ˈkɒnsjʊlət/ /ˈkɒnsələt/ consulates n
konsulat
The term of office of a consul.
The business office of a consul; a minor embassy.

consultancy /kənˈsʌltənsi/ consultancies n
firma konsultingowa
A consultant or consulting firm.

consultant /kənˈsʌl.tənt/ consultants n
doradca konsultant doradczyni konsultantka
A person or party that is consulted.
A person whose occupation is to be consulted for their expertise, advice, service or help in an area or specialty; a party whose business is to be similarly consulted.

consultation /ˌkɑnsl̩ˈteɪʃən/ /ˌkɒnsl̩ˈteɪʃən/ consultations n
konsultacja
The act of consulting.

consume /kənˈsjuːm/ /kənˈsjʉːm/ /kənˈsum/ /kənˈʃuːm/ v
zużyć
(transitive) To use up.
spożywać spożyć
(transitive) To eat.

consumer /kənˈsjuːmə/ /kənˈsjʉːmə/ /kənˈsumɚ/ /kənˈʃuːmə/ consumers n
konsument konsumentka
(economics) Someone who trades money for goods or services as an individual.

consumer credit n
kredyt konsumencki kredyt konsumpcyjny
(banking, economics) Credit extended to an individual for the purchase of consumer goods and services.

consumer good consumer goods n
dobra konsumpcyjne

consumer society consumer societies n
społeczeństwo konsumpcyjne

consummate /kənˈsʌmɪt/ /ˈkɑnsəmeɪt/ /ˈkɑnsəmət/ /ˈkɒnsjʊmeɪt/ /ˈkɒnsjʊmət/ /ˈkɒnsəmeɪt/ /ˈkɒnsəmət/ more consummate most consummate adj
doskonały wytrawny
Complete in every detail, perfect, absolute.

consummate /kənˈsʌmɪt/ /ˈkɑnsəmeɪt/ /ˈkɑnsəmət/ /ˈkɒnsjʊmeɪt/ /ˈkɒnsjʊmət/ /ˈkɒnsəmeɪt/ /ˈkɒnsəmət/ v
zakończyć
(transitive) To bring (a task, project, goal etc.) to completion; to accomplish.
skonsumować
(transitive) To make (a marriage) complete by engaging in first sexual intercourse.

consumption /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/ consumptions n
konsumpcja
The act of eating, drinking or using.
The amount consumed.
The act of consuming or destroying.
(pathology) The wasting away of the human body through disease.

contact /kənˈtækt/ /ˈkɑntækt/ /ˈkɒntækt/ contacts n
kontakt
The act of touching physically; being in close association.
The establishment of communication (with).
Someone who can be contacted, or with whom one is in communication.
(electricity) A device designed for repetitive connections.
szkło kontaktowe
(informal) A contact lens.

contact /kənˈtækt/ /ˈkɑntækt/ /ˈkɒntækt/ v
kontaktować skontaktować
(transitive, occasionally, proscribed) To establish communication with (something or someone).

contact lens contact lenses n
soczewka kontaktowa szkło kontaktowe kontakty soczewka
A thin lens, made of flexible or rigid plastic, that is placed directly on to the eye to correct vision, used as an alternative to spectacles, or, if coloured, to change one's eye color cosmetically.

contact person contact people contact persons n
osoba kontaktowa

contact sport contact sports n
sport kontaktowy
(sports) An athletic contest which involves a significant amount of physical contact between the participating athletes.

contact tracing contact tracings n
ustalanie kontaktów zakaźnych
(epidemiology) The process of identification of persons ("contacts") who may have come into contact with a person carrying an infectious disease.

contactless adj
bezdotykowy bezstykowy
That does not use or require contact in order to operate.

contactlessly adv
bezdotykowo

contactor /ˈkɑntæktɚ/ /ˈkɒntæktə/ contactors n
stycznik
(electrical engineering) A relay used to control an electrical power circuit

contagion /kənˈteɪd͡ʒən/ contagions n
zarażenie
The spread or transmission of such a disease.
(figuratively, by extension) The spread of anything likened to a contagious disease.
(finance) The spread of (initially small) shocks, which initially affect only a few financial institutions or a particular region of an economy, to other financial sectors and other countries whose economies were previously healthy.

contagious /kənˈteɪdʒəs/ more contagious most contagious adj
zaraźliwy
(of a disease) Easily transmitted to others.
(figurative) Easily passed on to others.
(of a person) Having a disease that can be transmitted to another person.

contagiousness n
zaraźliwość
The state or condition of being contagious.

contain /kənˈteɪn/ v
zawierać
(transitive) To hold inside.
(transitive) To include as a part.

container /kənˈteɪnə/ /kənˈteɪnɚ/ containers n
pojemnik
An item in which objects, materials or data can be stored or transported.
kontener
(transportation) A very large, typically metal, box used for transporting goods.
kontener pojemnik
(object-oriented programming) An abstract data type whose instances are collections of other objects.
(file format) A file format that can hold various types of data.

container ship container ships n
kontenerowiec
(watercraft) A cargo vessel designed to carry cargo prepacked into containers, especially shipping containers.

contaminant contaminants n
zanieczyszczenie
That which contaminates; an impurity; foreign matter.

contaminate /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/ v
skazić zatruwać
(transitive) To make something dangerous or toxic by introducing impurities or foreign matter.

contamination /kənˌtæm.əˈneɪ.ʃən/ /kənˌtæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ /kənˌtæm.ɪˈnæɪ.ʃən/ [kənˌɾ̃æm.əˈneɪ.ʃən] contaminations n
adideacja kontaminacja
(linguistics, etymology) The influence of one form (often from a foreign language) on the historical development of another form to which it may be related in meaning.
skażenie
The process of making a material or surface unclean or unsuited for its intended purpose, usually by the addition or attachment of undesirable foreign substances.

contemplation /ˌkɑntəmˈpleɪʃən/ /ˌkɒntəmˈpleɪʃən/ contemplations n
kontemplacja medytacja
The act of contemplating; musing; being highly concentrated in thought
bogomyślność
Holy meditation.

contemplative /kənˈtɛmplətɪv/ /ˈkɒntəmplətɪv/ more contemplative most contemplative adj
kontemplacyjny medytacyjny refleksyjny
Inclined to contemplate; introspective and thoughtful; meditative.
bogomyślny
Pertaining to a religious contemplative, or a contemplative religious orders, especially the Roman Catholic varieties.

contemporaneous /kənˌtɛm.pəˈɹeɪ.ni.əs/ /ˌkɒn.tɛm-/ adj
jednoczesny
Existing or created in the same period of time.

contemporaneously /kənˌtɛmpəˈɹeɪni.əsli/ /ˌkɒntɛmpəˈɹeɪni.əsli/ adv
bieżąco

contemporary /kənˈtɛm.p(ə).ɹi/ /kənˈtɛm.p(ə).ɹəɹ.i/ /kənˈtɛm.pəˌɹɛɹ.i/ more contemporary most contemporary adj
ówczesny współczesny
From the same time period, coexistent in time; contemporaneous.
współczesny nowoczesny
Modern, of the present age (shorthand for ‘contemporary with the present’).

contempt /kənˈtɛmpt/ contempts n
pogarda lekceważenie
(uncountable) The state or act of contemning; the feeling or attitude of regarding someone or something as inferior, base, or worthless; scorn, disdain.
lekceważenie obraza
(legal) Open disrespect or willful disobedience of the authority of a court of law or legislative body.

contempt of court contempts of court n
obraza sądu
(legal, countable) A particular act of open disrespect for or willful disobedience of the authority of a court of law.

contemptible /kənˈtɛmptəbəl/ more contemptible most contemptible adj
zasługujący na pogardę
Deserving contempt.

contemptuous /kənˈtɛm(p).tju.əs/ /kənˈtɛm(p).tʃu.əs/ /kənˈtɛm(p).tʃəs/ /kənˈtɛmp.t͡ʃu.əs/ more contemptuous most contemptuous adj
pogardliwy
Showing contempt; expressing disdain; showing a lack of respect.

contender /kənˈtɛn.dɚ/ contenders n
zawodniczka zawodnik
Someone who competes with one or more other people.

content /kənˈtɛnt/ contenter more content most content adj
zadowolony kontent ukontentowany
Satisfied, pleased, contented.

content /ˈkɑn.tɛnt/ /ˈkɒn.tɛnt/ /ˈkɔn.tɛnt/ contents n
zawartość
(uncountable) That which is contained.
treść
Subject matter; semantic information (or a portion or body thereof); that which is contained in writing, speech, video, etc.
ilość pojemność
(algebra, ring theory, of a polynomial with coefficients in a GCD domain) The greatest common divisor of the coefficients; (of a polynomial with coefficients in an integral domain) the common factor of the coefficients which, when removed, leaves the adjusted coefficients with no common factor that is noninvertible.

content /kənˈtɛnt/ v
zadowalać zadowolić zaspokajać zaspokoić
(transitive) To give contentment or satisfaction; to satisfy; to make happy.

contentious /kənˈtɛn.ʃəs/ more contentious most contentious adj
sporny kontrowersyjny
Marked by heated arguments or controversy.
kłótliwy swarliwy
Given to struggling with others out of jealousy or discord.

contentment /kənˈtɛntmənt/ contentments n
zadowolenie
The state or degree of being contented or satisfied.

contents /ˈkɑn.tɛnts/ /ˈkɒn.tɛnts/ n
treść zawartość
(usually, in the plural) That which is contained.

contentwise adv
pod względem treści

contest /kənˈtɛst/ /ˈkɑn.tɛst/ /ˈkɒn.tɛst/ contests n
debata spór
(uncountable) Controversy; debate.
konkurs
(countable) A competition.

contestant /kənˈtɛstənt/ [kənˈtʰɛstənt] contestants n
zawodniczka zawodnik
A participant in a contest; specifically, a person who plays a game, as on a TV game show.

context /ˈkɑn.tɛkst/ /ˈkɒn.tɛkst/ /ˈkɔn.tekst/ contexts n
kontekst
The surroundings, circumstances, environment, background or settings that determine, specify, or clarify the meaning of an event or other occurrence.
(linguistics) The text in which a word or passage appears and which helps ascertain its meaning.

context-dependent adj
zależny od kontekstu

contextually more contextually most contextually adv
kontekstowo
In a contextual manner; with reference to context

contiguity /ˌkɑn.təˈɡju.ə.ti/ /ˌkɑn.tɪˈɡju.ɪ.ti/ /ˌkɒn.tɪˈɡjuː.ɪ.ti/ [ˌkɑn.təˈɡju.ə.ɾi] [ˌkɑn.ɾəˈɡju.ə.ɾi] contiguities n
przyległość
A state in which two or more physical objects are physically touching one another or in which sections of a plane border on one another.

continent /ˈkɑnt(ə)nənt/ /ˈkɑntɪnənt/ /ˈkɒntɪnənt/ continents n
kontynent
Each of the traditional main regions into which the Earth’s land surface is divided, now generally regarded as seven in number, each usually including both an extent of mainland and various conventionally associated islands, etc.

continental drift n
wędrówka kontynentów
(geology) The slow movement of continents explained by plate tectonics.

continental shelf continental shelves n
półka kontynentalna szelf kontynentalny
(oceanography) The outer area of a land mass covered by a shallow sea that extends into open ocean.

contingency plan contingency plans n
plan B plan awaryjny
An alternative plan to be put into operation if needed, especially in case of emergencies, or if a primary plan fails.

continual /kənˈtɪnjuəl/ /kənˈtɪnjəl/ adj
bezustanny
Recurring in steady, rapid succession.

continuality n
bezustanność

continually /kənˈtɪnjuəli/ /kənˈtɪnjəli/ more continually most continually adv
bezustannie
In regular or repeated succession; very often.

continualness n
bezustanność

continuation /kənˌtɪn.jʉˈæɪ.ʃən/ /kənˌtɪnjuˈeɪʃ(ə)n/ /kənˌtɪnjʊˈeɪʃ(ə)n/ [kənˌtɪn.jʉˈæɪ.ʃn̩] continuations n
kontynuacja dalszy ciąg
The act or state of continuing or being continued; uninterrupted extension or succession

continue /-(j)ɪu̯/ /kənˈtɪnjuː/ v
kontynuować w dalszym ciągu
(transitive) To proceed with (doing an activity); to prolong (an activity).

continued fraction continued fractions n
ułamek łańcuchowy
(mathematics, number theory) A compound numerical expression consisting of an integer plus a fraction whose numerator is a positive integer and whose denominator is a continued fraction (an integer plus a fraction), and so on, with finite or infinite recursion.

continuity /ˌkɑːn.tɪˈn(j)uː.ə.ti/ /ˌkɒn.tɪˈn(j)ɪu̯.ɪ.ti/ /ˌkɒn.tɪˈnjuː.ɪ.ti/ continuities n
ciągłość
Lack of interruption or disconnection; the quality of being continuous in space or time.
(narratology) A narrative device in episodic fiction where previous and/or future events in a series of stories are accounted for in present stories.

continuous /-(j)ɪu̯.əs/ /kənˈtɪn.juː.əs/ adj
ciągły nieprzerwany nieustanny
Without stopping; without a break, cessation, or interruption.
ciągły
(analysis, of a function) Such that, for every x in the domain, for each small open interval D about f(x), there's an interval containing x whose image is in D.
(mathematics, more generally, of a function between two topological spaces) Such that each open set in the target space has an open preimage (in the domain space, with respect to the given function).
(grammar) Expressing an ongoing action or state.

continuous function continuous functions n
funkcja ciągła
(analysis) a function whose value at any point in its domain is equal its limit at the same point
(analysis, topology) a function from one topological space to another, such that the inverse image of any open set is open

continuously /kənˈtɪnjuəsli/ adv
ciągle nieprzerwanie
Without pause.

continuum /-(j)ɪu̯əm/ /kənˈtɪnjuəm/ continua continuums n
kontinuum
A continuous series or whole, no part of which is noticeably different from its adjacent parts, although the ends or extremes of it are very different from each other.

contour /-tɔː(ɹ)/ /ˈkɒntʊə(ɹ)/ contours n
kontur
An outline, boundary or border, usually of curved shape.
izolinia
A line on a map or chart delineating those points which have the same altitude or other plotted quantity: a contour line or isopleth.

contour line contour lines n
poziomica warstwica
(geography) A line on a map through points of equal elevation, often height above sea level.

contourless adj
bezkonturowy

contra /ˈkɒntɹə/ more contra most contra adv
wbrew
contrary to something

contra /ˈkɒntɹə/ contras n
konto wykluczające inne konto
(accounting, often, attributive) An entry (or account) that cancels another entry (or account).

contra /ˈkɒntɹə/ preposition
kontra
against; contrary or opposed to; in opposition or contrast to

contra dance contra dances n
kontredans
(dance) A type of folk dance style in which couples dance in two facing lines of indefinite length.

contraception contraceptions n
antykoncepcja
The use of a device or procedure to prevent conception as a result of sexual activity.

contraceptive /ˈkɒn.tɹəˌsɛp.tɪv/ more contraceptive most contraceptive adj
antykoncepcyjny przeciwciążowy
That acts to prevent conception as a result of sexual intercourse.

contraceptive /ˈkɒn.tɹəˌsɛp.tɪv/ contraceptives n
środek antykoncepcyjny
A mechanism or means by which conception as a result of sexual intercourse can be prevented or made less likely.

contract /ˈkɑntɹækt/ /ˈkɒntɹækt/ contracts n
kontrakt
An agreement between two or more parties, to perform a specific job or work order, often temporary or of fixed duration and usually governed by a written agreement.
(bridge) The declarer's undertaking to win the number of tricks bid with a stated suit as trump.
umowa kontrakt
(legal) An agreement which the law will enforce in some way. A legally binding contract must contain at least one promise, i.e., a commitment or offer, by an offeror to and accepted by an offeree to do something in the future. A contract is thus executory rather than executed.

contract /kənˈtɹækt/ v
zarazić się złapać
(transitive) To gain or acquire (an illness).

contract of sale contracts of sale n
umowa sprzedaży
(legal) A contract that involves an exchange of goods, services or property to be exchanged from seller (or vendor) to buyer (or purchaser) for an agreed upon value in money (or money equivalent) paid or the promise to pay same.

contraction /kɒn-/ /kənˈtɹækʃ(ə)n/ /kənˈtɹækʃn̩/ contractions n
forma ściąnięta kontrakcja
(orthography) In the English language: a shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark.

contractless adj
bezumowny
Without a contract.

contractual adj
umowny
Of, relating to, or enforced by a contract.

contractually adv
umownie
By means of a contract

contracture contractures n
przykurcz
(medicine) An abnormal, sometimes permanent, contraction of a muscle or skin; a deformity so caused.

contradict /kɒn.tɹəˈdɪkt/ v
zaprzeczać
To deny the truth or validity of (a statement or statements).
zaprzeczać dementować
To oppose (a person) by denying the truth or pertinence of a given statement.

contradiction /ˌkɑːntɹəˈdɪkʃən/ /ˌkɒntɹəˈdɪkʃən/ contradictions n
sprzeczność
(countable, uncountable) The act of contradicting.
(logic, countable) A proposition that is false for all values of its propositional variables or Boolean atoms.
sprzeczność antynomia
(countable) A statement that contradicts itself, i.e., a statement that claims that the same thing is true and that it is false at the same time and in the same senses of the terms.

contradiction in terms contradictions in terms n
oksymoron
A phrase or expression in which the component words contradict one another, often unintentionally, or are claimed to do so when seen from a particular point of view.

contradictory /ˌkɑntɹəˈdɪktəɹi/ /ˌkɒntɹəˈdɪkt(ə)ɹi/ more contradictory most contradictory adj
sprzeczny
That contradicts something, such as an argument.

contrail contrails n
smuga kondensacyjna
An artificial cloud made by the exhaust of jet aircraft or wingtip vortices that precipitate a stream of tiny ice crystals in moist, frigid upper air.

contraindication /ˌkɒntɹəɪndɪˈkeɪʃən/ contraindications n
przeciwwskazanie
(medicine) A factor or symptom which makes a certain treatment inadvisable, generally or individually.

contranym /ˈkɑn.tɹə.nɪm/ /ˈkɒn.tɹə.nɪm/ contranyms n
autoantonim kontranim
A word that has two opposing meanings, such as cleave (“stick together” or “split apart”).

contraposition contrapositions n
kontrapozycja
(countable, logic) The statement of the form "if not Q then not P", given the statement "if P then Q".

contrapuntal more contrapuntal most contrapuntal adj
kontrapunktowy
(music) Of or relating to counterpoint.

contrarian /kənˈtɹɛɹi.ən/ contrarians n
przekornik
A person who likes or tends to express a contradicting viewpoint, especially one who denounces the majority persuasion, usually because of spite or nonconformity.

contrast /kənˈt(ʃ)ɹæst/ /kənˈtɹɑːst/ /ˈkɑnt(ʃ)ɹæst/ /ˈkɒntɹɑːst/ contrasts n
kontrast
(countable) A difference in lightness, brightness and/or hue between two colours that makes them more or less distinguishable.
(countable) A difference between two objects, people or concepts.

contrast /kənˈt(ʃ)ɹæst/ /kənˈtɹɑːst/ /ˈkɑnt(ʃ)ɹæst/ /ˈkɒntɹɑːst/ v
kontrastować
(transitive) To set in opposition in order to show the difference or differences between.
(intransitive) To form a contrast.

contravention contraventions n
naruszenie pogwałcenie przekroczenie wykroczenie
The act of contravening a rule, regulation, or law, or of not fulfilling an obligation, promise, or agreement.

contretemps /kɑːn.tɹə.tɑ̃/ /ˈkɒn.tɹə.tɑ̃ŋ/ contretemps n
scysja spięcie
An unforeseen, inopportune, or embarrassing event.

contribute /kənˈt(ʃ)ɹɪb.juːt/ /kənˈtɹɪb.(j)ət/ /kənˈtɹɪb.jut/ /ˈkɒn.t(ʃ)ɹɪˌbjuːt/ [kənˈtɹɪb.(j)əɾ] v
dokładać się dołożyć się wnieść wkład wnosić wkład
(ambitransitive) To give something that is or becomes part of a larger whole.

contribution /ˌkɑntɹɪˈbjuʃən/ /ˌkɒntɹɪˈbjuːʃən/ contributions n
wkład składka
Something given or offered that adds to a larger whole.
datek wkład
An amount of money given toward something.
kontrybucja wniesienie wkładu wkład
The act of contributing.

contributively more contributively most contributively adv
składkowo

contributiveness n
składkowość

contributorily more contributorily most contributorily adv
składkowo
In a contributory manner.

contrived /kənˈtɹaɪvd/ more contrived most contrived adj
przekombinowany sztuczny wydumany
Unnatural, forced; artificial, or unrealistic.

control /kənˈtɹoʊl/ /kənˈtɹəʊl/ controls n
kontrola
(countable, uncountable) Influence or authority over something.
samokontrola
Restraint or ability to contain one's movements or emotions, or self-control.
kontrolka
(graphical user interface) An interface element that a computer user interacts with, such as a window or a text box (abbreviated Ctrl).

control /kənˈtɹoʊl/ /kənˈtɹəʊl/ v
nadzorować kontrolować sterować zarządzać
(transitive) To exercise influence over; to suggest or dictate the behavior of.

control group control groups n
grupa kontrolna
(in an experiment) The group of test subjects left untreated or unexposed to some procedure and then compared with treated subjects in order to validate the results of the test.

control room control rooms n
dyspozytornia
A room serving as the centre of monitoring a building, controlling an operation etc.

control tower control towers n
wieża kontroli lotów
(aviation) An airport building from which the air traffic control unit monitors and directs the movement of aircraft on and around the airport.

controller /kənˈtɹoʊlɚ/ /kənˈtɹəʊlə/ controllers n
kontroler
One who controls something.
(computer hardware) A mechanism that controls or regulates the operation of a machine, especially a peripheral device in a computer.
(video games) A hardware device designed to allow the user to play video games.
kontroler rewident
(business) The chief accounting officer which audits, and manages the financial affairs of a company or government; a comptroller.

controversial /ˌkɑn.tɹəˈvɝ.si.əl/ /ˌkɑn.tɹəˈvɝ.sjəl/ /ˌkɑn.tɹəˈvɝ.ʃəl/ /ˌkɒn.tɹəˈvɜː.sjəl/ /ˌkɒn.tɹəˈvɜː.ʃəl/ /ˌkɔn.tɹəˈvɜː.ʃəl/ more controversial most controversial adj
kontrowersyjny
Arousing controversy—a debate or discussion of opposing opinions.

controversy /kənˈtɹɒvəsi/ /ˈkɑntɹəˌvɝsi/ /ˈkɒntɹəˌvɜːsi/ controversies n
spór
A debate or discussion of opposing opinions; (generally) strife.

contumacious /ˌkɑːn.tjəˈmeɪ.ʃəs/ /ˌkɑːn.tʊˈmeɪ.ʃəs/ /ˌkɒn.tjʊˈmeɪ.ʃəs/ more contumacious most contumacious adj
krnąbrny nieposłuszny oporny
Contemptuous of authority; willfully disobedient; rebellious.

contusion /kənˈtjuːʒən/ /kənˈtuʒən/ contusions n
kontuzja
(medicine, countable) Synonym of bruise.
(medicine, uncountable) Synonym of bruising.

conundrum /kəˈnʌn.dɹəm/ conundra conundrums n
zagadka
A difficult question or riddle, especially one using a play on words in the answer.
dylemat
A difficult choice or decision that must be made.

conurbation /ˌkɑnɚˈbeɪʃən/ /ˌkɒnəˈbeɪʃən/ conurbations n
konurbacja
A continuous aggregation of built-up urban communities created as a result of urban sprawl.

convalescence convalescences n
rekonwalescencja
The period of time spent healing.

convalescent /ˌkɒnvəˈlɛsənt/ convalescents n
rekonwalescent rekonwalescentka
A person recovering from illness.

convection /kənˈvɛkʃən/ convections n
konwekcja
(physics) The transmission of heat in a fluid by the circulation of currents.

convene /kənˈviːn/ /ˈkɒn.viːn/ v
zwołać zwoływać
(transitive) To cause to assemble; to call together; to convoke.

convenience /kənˈvinjəns/ /kənˈviːnɪəns/ conveniences n
wygoda
The quality of being convenient.
udogodnienie
Any object that makes life more convenient; a helpful item.

convenience food convenience foods n
gotowe danie gotowe potrawy
A food or meal that needs little preparation or cooking, especially one sold prepackaged.

convenient /kənˈvinjənt/ /kənˈviːniənt/ more convenient most convenient adj
dogodny
Serving to reduce a difficulty, or accessible with minimum difficulty; expedient.

convent /ˈkɑn.vɛnt/ /ˈkɒn.vənt/ /ˈkɒn.vɛnt/ convents n
konwent klasztor (żeński)
(now, _, especially) Synonym of nunnery, a female religious community and its residence.
konwent
A gathering of people lasting several days for the purpose of discussing or working on topics previously selected.

conventicle /kənˈvɛn(t)ək(ə)l/ /kənˈvɛntɪk(ə)l/ conventicles n
konwentykiel
A secret, unauthorized or illegal religious meeting.

convention /kənˈvɛn.ʃən/ /ˌkɒnˈvɛn.ʃən/ conventions n
konwencja zjazd
A meeting or gathering.
konwencja
A formal agreement, contract, rule, or pact.
(international law) A treaty or supplement to such.
A practice or procedure widely observed in a group, especially to facilitate social interaction; a custom.

conventional /kənˈvɛnʃənəl/ more conventional most conventional adj
konwencjonalny
Pertaining to a convention, as in following generally accepted principles, methods and behaviour.
Ordinary, commonplace.

conventional wisdom conventional wisdoms n
chłopski rozum
A belief or set of beliefs that is widely accepted, especially one which may be questionable on close examination.

conventionalism conventionalisms n
konwencjonalizm
(uncountable) Adherence to social conventions; conventional behavior.
(uncountable, philosophy) The doctrine that logical or mathematical principles are simply the expression of conventions.

conventionality /kənˌvɛnʃəˈnælɪti/ conventionalities n
konwencjonalność
(uncountable) The state of being conventional.

conventionally /kənˈvɛnʃnəli/ /kənˈvɛnʃənli/ /kənˈvɛnʃənəli/ more conventionally most conventionally adv
konwencjonalnie
Ordinarily, by convention. See other synonyms at Thesaurus:usually

converb /ˈkɑn.vɝb/ /ˈkɒn.vɜːb/ converbs n
przysłówek odczasownikowy

converge /kənˈvɜːd͡ʒ/ v
zbiegać
(intransitive, mathematics) (said of a sequence or series) To have a (finite, proper) limit.

convergence /kɒnˈvɜː(ɹ)d͡ʒəns/ /kənˈvɜː(ɹ)d͡ʒəns/ convergences n
konwergencja
The act of moving toward union or uniformity.
(economics) The hypothesis that poorer economies' per capita incomes tend to grow faster than richer economies.
zbieżność
(mathematics) The process or property of approaching some limiting value.

convergent more convergent most convergent adj
zbieżny
(analysis, topology) Of a sequence or series in a topological space, converging to a (finite, proper) limit.

convergent evolution n
ewolucja zbieżna konwergencja

conversation /ˌkɑn.vəɹˈseɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkɒn.vəˈseɪ.ʃən/ [ˌkʰɑɱ.vɚˈseɪ.ʃn̩] [ˌkʰɒɱ.vəˈseɪ.ʃn̩] conversations n
rozmowa konwersacja
Expression and exchange of individual ideas through talking with other people; also, a set instance or occasion of such talking. [from 16th c.]

conversational /ˌkɒnvə(ɹ)ˈseɪʃənəl/ more conversational most conversational adj
konwersacyjny
Of, relating to, or in the style of a conversation; informal and chatty.

converse /kənˈvɜːs/ /kənˈvɝs/ v
konwersować rozmawiać gwarzyć
(formal, intransitive) To talk; to engage in conversation.

conversion /-ʒ(ə)n/ /kənˈvɜːʃ(ə)n/ /kənˈvɝʒən/ conversions n
konwersja adaptacja
(law) Under the common law, the tort of the taking of someone's personal property with intent to permanently deprive them of it, or damaging property to the extent that the owner is deprived of the utility of that property, thus making the tortfeasor liable for the entire value of the property.

convert /kənˈvɜːt/ /kənˈvɝt/ /ˈkɑn.vɚt/ /ˈkɒn.vət/ [kʰə̥ɱˈvɜːt] [kʰə̥ɱˈvɝt] [ˈkʰɑɱ.vɚt] [ˈkʰɒɱ.vət] converts n
konwertyta konwertytka przechrzta
A person who has converted to a religion.

convert /kənˈvɜːt/ /kənˈvɝt/ /ˈkɑn.vɚt/ /ˈkɒn.vət/ [kʰə̥ɱˈvɜːt] [kʰə̥ɱˈvɝt] [ˈkʰɑɱ.vɚt] [ˈkʰɒɱ.vət] v
nawracać nawrócić
(transitive) To induce (someone) to adopt a particular religion, faith, ideology or belief (see also sense 11).
konwertować
(transitive) To exchange for something of equal value.
(intransitive) To undergo a conversion of religion, faith or belief (see also sense 3).
przeliczać przeliczyć
(transitive) To express (a unit of measurement) in terms of another; to furnish a mathematical formula by which a quantity, expressed in the former unit, may be given in the latter.

convertible /kənˈvɜːtɪbl̩/ /kənˈvɝtɪbl̩/ convertibles n
kabriolet
(vehicles) A convertible car: a car with a removable or foldable roof able to convert from a closed to open vehicle and back again.

convertible mark convertible marks n
marka
The official currency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, abbreviated BAM.

convex /kɑnˈvɛks/ /kɒnˈvɛks/ /kənˈvɛks/ /ˈkɑn.vɛks/ /ˈkɒn.vɛks/ more convex most convex adj
wypukły
Curved or bowed outward like the outside of a bowl, circle, or sphere.

convey /kənˈveɪ/ v
przenosić
To move (something) from one place to another.
przekazać przekazywać
To communicate; to make known; to portray.
przenieść przenosić scedować
(legal) To transfer legal rights (to).
przewieźć przewozić
(obsolete) To carry or take away secretly; to steal; to thieve.

conveyor /kənˈveɪə/ /kənˈveɪɚ/ conveyors n
przenośnik
A mechanical arrangement for transporting material or objects, generally over short or moderate distances, as from one part of a building to another.

conveyor belt conveyor belts n
taśmociąg
A continuous flexible band moved by a series of rollers to transport objects or material from one place to another, especially within a factory or mine.

convict /kənˈvɪkt/ /ˈkɑnvɪkt/ /ˈkɒnvɪkt/ convicts n
skazaniec
(legal) A person convicted of a crime by a judicial body.

convict /kənˈvɪkt/ /ˈkɑnvɪkt/ /ˈkɒnvɪkt/ v
skazać skazywać
(chiefly, religion) To convince, persuade; to cause (someone) to believe in (something).

conviction /kənˈvɪkʃən/ convictions n
przekonanie przeświadczenie
(countable) A firmly held belief.
wyrok
(countable) A judgement of guilt in a court of law.

convince /kənˈvɪns/ v
przekonać przekonywać
To make someone believe, or feel sure about something, especially by using logic, argument or evidence.

convinced /kənˈvɪnst/ more convinced most convinced adj
przekonany
In a state of believing, especially from evidence but not necessarily.

convivial /kənˈvɪv.i.əl/ more convivial most convivial adj
biesiadny
Having elements of a feast or of entertainment, especially when it comes to eating and drinking, with accompanying festivity

convivially more convivially most convivially adv
biesiadnie

convoluted /-vəʊ-/ /ˈkɑnvəˌlutəd/ /ˈkɒnvəl(j)uːtɪd/ /ˌkɑnvəˈlutəd/ /ˌkɒnvəˈl(j)uːtɪd/ [-ɾəd] more convoluted most convoluted adj
zawiły
(figuratively) Complex, complicated, or intricate.

convolutedness n
zawiłość
The quality of being convoluted.

convolution convolutions n
splot
(mathematics, functional analysis) A mathematical operation on two functions that produces a third that expresses how the shape of one is modified by the other; the integral of the product of the two functions after one is reflected about the y-axis and shifted along the x-axis.

convolvulus convolvuli convolvuluses n
powój
(botany) Any of several plants, of the genus Convolvulus, found in temperate climates, having small trumpet-shaped flowers.

convoy /ˈkɒn.vɔɪ/ convoys n
konwój
(nautical) One or more merchant ships sailing in company to the same general destination under the protection of naval vessels.
A group of vehicles travelling together for safety, especially one with an escort.

cony /ˈkoʊ.ni/ /ˈkəʊ.ni/ conies n
królik
A rabbit, especially the European rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus (formerly known as Lepus cuniculus).

coo /ku/ /kuː/ coos n
gruchanie
The murmuring sound made by a dove or pigeon.

coo /ku/ /kuː/ v
gruchać gruchnąć
(ambitransitive) To make a soft murmuring sound, as a pigeon.

cook /kuːk/ /kʊk/ cooks n
kucharz kucharka
(cooking) A person who prepares food.

cook /kuːk/ /kʊk/ v
gotować warzyć kucharzyć
(transitive, or, intransitive) To prepare food for eating by heating it, often combining with other ingredients.

cook through v
dogotować dogotowywać

cookbook /ˈkʊkˌbʊk/ cookbooks n
książka kucharska
A book or an encyclopedia of recipes and cookery tips.

cooked /kʊkt/ more cooked most cooked adj
ugotowany
Of food, that has been prepared by cooking.

cooker /ˈkʊkə/ /ˈkʊkɚ/ cookers n
kuchenka
(chiefly, Britain, Ireland) A device for heating food, a stove.
(chiefly, Britain, Ireland, except in compounds) An appliance or utensil for cooking food.

cookie /ˈkuːki/ /ˈkʊki/ cookies n
ciastko ciasteczko herbatnik
(North America) A small, flat, baked good which is either crisp or soft but firm.

cookie-cutter more cookie-cutter most cookie-cutter adj
szablonowy sztampowy
(figuratively, often, pejorative) Having a similar appearance or seeming identical; created by some standard or common means, often with the implication that the result is common, boring, or not applicable to all needs.

cooking oil cooking oils n
olej
A purified fat taken from plant material that is commonly used in cooking, e.g. olive oil, canola oil, sunflower oil, etc.

cooking pot cooking pots n
garnek do gotowania
any vessel (such as a saucepan), with or without a lid, used to cook food

cooking spray cooking sprays n
olej w sprayu
An aerosol sprayed on to cooking pans to make them nonstick.

cool /kul/ /kuːl/ cooler coolest adj
chłodny
Of a mildly low temperature.
Allowing or suggesting heat relief.
Unenthusiastic, lukewarm, skeptical.
opanowany spokojny
(of a person) Not showing emotion; calm and in control of oneself.
chwat fajny kozak
(informal) Of a person, knowing what to do and how to behave; behaving with effortless and enviable style and panache; considered popular by others.
fajny
(informal) All right; acceptable.

cool /kul/ /kuːl/ n
chłód
A moderate or refreshing state of cold; moderate temperature of the air between hot and cold; coolness.

cool down v
chłodzić chłodzić się ochłodzić ochłodzić się ostudzić ostudzić się
To cause (something) to become cooler; to reduce the temperature of.
ochłonąć
To cause (someone) to become less agitated or excited.

cool off v
stygnąć ochłonąć
(transitive) To cause to decrease in temperature, activity or temper.

coolant /ˈkuːlənt/ coolants n
chłodziwo
A medium, usually fluid, used to draw heat from an object.

coolbox coolboxes n
lodówka turystyczna

cooler bag cooler bags n
torba chłodząca
Insulated bag used to keep food items cool for a limited amount of time (for example on the way from a grocery store to one's house).

coolie /ˈkuːli/ coolies n
kulis
An unskilled Asian worker, usually of Chinese or Indian descent; a labourer; a porter. Coolies were frequently transported to other countries in the 19th and early 20th centuries as indentured labourers.

cooling /ˈkuːlɪŋ/ coolings n
ochłodzenie
A decrease in temperature.
chłodzenie
Refrigeration.

cooling-off period cooling-off periods n
okres karencji
A length of time in which the two sides to a purchase agreement, or contract can think things over and cancel with no penalty. This period is often stipulated by national law. In the UK it is currently (2008) 14 days. In many countries it is 10 days.

coomer /ˈkumɚ/ /ˈkuːmə(ɹ)/ /ˈkuːmə/ /ˈkʉːmə/ coomers n
spermiarz

coop /kuːp/ coops n
kurnik
A basket, pen or enclosure for birds or small animals.

cooper /ˈkuːpə(ɹ)/ coopers n
bednarz
A craftsman who makes and repairs barrels and similar wooden vessels such as casks, buckets and tubs.

cooperage cooperages n
bednarka bednarstwo
(uncountable) The art, trade, or products of a cooper (barrelmaker).
bednarnia
(countable) A cooper's workshop.

cooperate /koʊˈɒpəɹeɪt/ /kuˈɒpəɹeɪt/ v
współpracować
(intransitive) To work or act together, especially for a common purpose or benefit.

cooperation /koʊˌɑ.pəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ /kəʊˌɒp.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ cooperations n
współpraca kooperacja
(usually, uncountable) The act of cooperating.
kooperacja
Active help from a person, organization, etc., such as an orderly sharing of space or resources.

cooperative cooperatives n
spółdzielnia kooperatywa
A type of company that is owned partially or wholly by its employees, customers or tenants.

coopery /ˈkuːpəɹi/ adj
bednarski
(obsolete) Relating to a cooper; coopered.

coordinate /koʊˈɔɹdənət/ /koʊˈɔɹdənɪt/ /koʊˈɔɹdəˌneɪt/ /kəʊˈɔːdɪnɪt/ /kəʊˈɔːdɪˌneɪt/ /ˈkwɔːdɪnɪt/ /ˈkwɔːdɪnˌneɪt/ /ˈkɔɹdənɪt/ /ˈkɔɹdəˌneɪt/ coordinates n
współrzędna koordynata
(mathematics, cartography, astronomy) A number representing the position of a point along a line, arc, or similar one-dimensional figure.

coordinate /koʊˈɔɹdənət/ /koʊˈɔɹdənɪt/ /koʊˈɔɹdəˌneɪt/ /kəʊˈɔːdɪnɪt/ /kəʊˈɔːdɪˌneɪt/ /ˈkwɔːdɪnɪt/ /ˈkwɔːdɪnˌneɪt/ /ˈkɔɹdənɪt/ /ˈkɔɹdəˌneɪt/ v
koordynować skoordynować
(ambitransitive) To synchronize (activities).

coordinate clause coordinate clauses n
zdanie główne zdanie nadrzędne
(grammar) A clause that can stand alone syntactically as a complete sentence and contains at least a subject and a verb.

coordinate system coordinate systems n
układ współrzędnych
(geometry, analysis) A method of representing the position of any individual point in a space of given dimensionality as a tuple of numerical coordinates.

coordinate term coordinate terms n
kohiponim
(semantics) A term (word#Noun or noun phrase#Noun) that shares a hypernym#Noun (or hypernymic noun phrase#Noun) with another.

coordinating conjunction coordinating conjunctions n
spójnik współrzędny
(grammar) A conjunction that joins two grammatical elements of the same status or construction. It can join subjects, objects, verbs, nouns, adjectives, phrases, and independent clauses. [from 1875–80]

coordination /koʊˌɔɹdɪˈneɪʃən/ /kəʉˌoːdɪˈnæɪʃən/ /kəʊˌɔːdɪˈneɪʃən/ coordinations n
koordynacja
The act of coordinating, making different people or things work together for a goal or effect.
The ability to coordinate one's senses and physical movements in order to act skillfully.

coordinator coordinators n
koordynator koordynatorka
One who coordinates.

coot /kuːt/ coots n
łyska
Any of various aquatic birds of the genus Fulica that are mainly black with a prominent frontal shield on the forehead.

cootchie-cootchie-coo interjection
gili-gili
Said when tickling someone to get them to laugh.

cootie catcher cootie catchers n
piekło niebo
(informal, US) A form of origami with hidden fortunes, activities, etc. written on the folds, and used mainly in children's games, where a person is asked to choose a fold to open.

cop /kɑp/ /kɒp/ /kɔp/ cops n
menda glina gliniarz pies
(informal) A police officer or prison guard.

cope /kəʊp/ copes n
kapa pluwiał
(liturgy) A long, loose cloak worn by a priest, deacon, or bishop when presiding over a ceremony other than the Mass.

cope /kəʊp/ v
radzić
(intransitive) To deal effectively with something, especially if difficult.

copepod /ˈkoʊpɪpɒd/ copepods n
widłonóg
Any of very many small crustaceans of the subclass Copepoda, that are widely distributed and ecologically important.

copernicium /koʊpəɹˈnɪsi.əm/ n
kopernik copernicium
The transuranic chemical element (symbol Cn) with atomic number 112.

copilot copilots n
drugi pilot
A backup or assistant pilot of an aircraft.

coping strategy coping strategies n
strategia dania sobie rady
(psychology) A conscious, subconscious or unconscious thought process or behavior that a person habitually employs in order to cope with a particular type of situation.

copolymer copolymers n
kopolimer
(chemistry) A polymer derived from more than one species of monomer.

copolymerization copolymerizations n
kopolimeryzacja

copper /ˈkɑ.pɚ/ /ˈkɒ.pə/ /ˈkɔ.pə/ more copper most copper adj
miedziany
Made of copper.

copper /ˈkɑ.pɚ/ /ˈkɒ.pə/ /ˈkɔ.pə/ coppers n
miedź
(uncountable) A reddish-brown, malleable, ductile metallic element with high electrical and thermal conductivity, symbol Cu, and atomic number 29.
(countable, dated) Any of various specialized items that are made of copper, where the use of copper is either traditional or vital to the function of the item.

coppersmith coppersmiths n
miedziownik
A person who forges things out of copper.

coppice /ˈkɒpɪs/ coppices n
lasek zagajnik
A grove of small growth; a thicket of brushwood; a wood cut at certain times for fuel or other purposes, typically managed to promote growth and ensure a reliable supply of timber. See copse.

copra /ˈkɒ.pɹə/ copras n
kopra
The dried kernel of the coconut, from which coconut oil is extruded.

coprime adj
względnie pierwsze
(number theory, of two or more positive integers) Having no positive integer factors in common, aside from 1.
względnie pierwsza względnie pierwsze
(number theory, of a positive integer) Having no positive integer factors, aside from 1, in common with one or more specified other positive integers.

coproduction coproductions n
koprodukcja
A production in which two or more people, groups or companies work together.

coprolite coprolites n
koprolit
A fossil consisting of petrified dung.

coprophilia coprophilias n
koprofilia
(psychiatry) A marked interest in excrement; especially the paraphilia involving sexual arousal and pleasure from feces and defecation.

cops /kɑps/ /kɒps/ /kɔps/ n
gliny psy
(slang, with the) The police, considered as a group entity.

copse /kɒps/ copses n
zagajnik
Any thicket of small trees or shrubs, coppiced or not.

copula /ˈkɑpjələ/ /ˈkɒpjələ/ /ˈkɒpjʊlə/ /ˈkɔpjələ/ copulae copulas n
łącznik spójka
(linguistics, grammar) A word, usually a verb, used to link the subject of a sentence with a predicate (usually a subject complement or an adverbial), that unites or associates the subject with the predicate.

copular /ˈkɑpjələ(ɹ)/ adj
łącznikowy

copulate /ˈkɒp.jʊ.leɪt/ /ˈkɒp.jʊ.lət/ /ˈkɔ.pjə.leɪt/ /ˈkɔ.pjə.lət/ v
kopulować spółkować
(somewhat, _, formal) To engage in sexual intercourse.

copulation /kɒp.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/ copulations n
kopulacja
(uncountable) Sexual procreation between a man and a woman or transfer of the sperm from male to female; usually applied to the mating process in nonhuman animals; coitus; coition.

copy /ˈkɑpi/ /ˈkɒpi/ copies n
kopia wtórnik
The result of copying; an identical duplicate of an original.
egzemplarz
A printed edition of a book or magazine.

copy /ˈkɑpi/ /ˈkɒpi/ v
kopiować podwajać
(transitive) To produce an object identical to a given object.
naśladować udawać
(transitive) To imitate.
odbierać
(radio) To receive a transmission successfully.

copy editing n
adiustacja
The correction of the spelling, grammar, formatting, etc. of printed material and preparation of it for typesetting, printing, or online publishing.

copy editor copy editors n
adiustator adiustatorka
Someone who corrects printed material (copy) and prepares it for typesetting, printing, or online publishing.

copycat copycats n
imitator naśladowca
(informal, derogatory) One who imitates or plagiarizes others' work. [from late 19th c.]
A criminal who imitates the crimes of another; specifically, a criminal who commits the same crime, especially a highly-publicized one, that has just or recently been committed by someone else.

copyedit v
adiustować zaadiustować zadiustować
(transitive, printing) To correct the spelling, grammar, formatting, etc. of printed material and prepare it for typesetting, printing, or online publishing.

copying /ˈkɑpiɪŋ/ /ˈkɒpiɪŋ/ copyings n
kopiowanie
(countable) an instance of the making of a copy
(uncountable) the practice of making one or more copies

copyist /ˈkɑpiɪst/ /ˈkɒpiɪst/ copyists n
kopista kopistka
a person who makes manual copies of works such as manuscripts or paintings.

copypasta /ˈkɒp.iˌpeɪ.stə/ /ˈkɒp.iˌpæs.tə/ /ˈkɒp.iˌpɑː.stə/ copypastas n
copypasta
(Internet slang) A block of text which has been copied and pasted from somewhere else, serving as a story or meme. [from 2006]

copyright /ˈkɑpiˌɹaɪt/ /ˈkɒpiˌɹaɪt/ copyrights n
prawo autorskie
(uncountable) The right by law to be the entity which determines who may publish, copy and distribute a piece of writing, music, picture or other work of authorship.

copywriter /ˈkɑːpiˌɹaɪɾɚ/ /ˈkɒpiˌɹaɪtə/ copywriters n
copywriter
(marketing, advertising) A person who writes advertising copy (the text used in advertisements).

coquet /ˈkɒk.ɛt/ v
kokietować
To act as a flirt or coquet.

cor anglais /ˌkɔɹ ɔŋˈɡleɪ/ /ˌkɔːɹ ˈɒŋɡleɪ/ cors anglais n
rożek angielski
(musical instruments) A double-reed woodwind instrument in the oboe family that is pitched in F, one-fifth lower than the oboe and is consequently approximately one-third longer than the oboe.

cor pulmonale n
serce płucne
(disease) A change in structure and function of the right ventricle of the heart as a result of a respiratory disorder.

coral /ˈkɒɹəl/ /ˈkɔɚɹəl/ /ˈkɔɹəl/ adj
koralowy
Made of coral.
Having the orange-pink colour of coral.

coral /ˈkɒɹəl/ /ˈkɔɚɹəl/ /ˈkɔɹəl/ corals n
koralowiec koral
(countable) Any of many species of marine invertebrates in the class Anthozoa, most of which build hard calcium carbonate skeletons and form colonies, or a colony belonging to one of those species.
koral koralowina
(uncountable) A hard substance made of the skeletons of these organisms.

coral island coral islands n
wyspa koralowa
A type of island formed from coral detritus and associated organic material.

corbel /ˈkɔːbəl/ corbels n
kroksztyn
(architectural element) A structural member jutting out of a wall to carry a superincumbent weight.

cord /kɔɹd/ /kɔːd/ cords n
sąg
A unit of measurement for firewood, equal to 128 cubic feet (4 × 4 × 8 feet), composed of logs and/or split logs four feet long and none over eight inches diameter. It is usually seen as a stack four feet high by eight feet long.

cordial /ˈkɔɹ.di.əl/ /ˈkɔɹ.djəl/ /ˈkɔɹ.d͡ʒəl/ /ˈkɔː.di.əl/ /ˈkɔː.dʒəl/ more cordial most cordial adj
serdeczny
Hearty; sincere; warm; affectionate.

cordial /ˈkɔɹ.di.əl/ /ˈkɔɹ.djəl/ /ˈkɔɹ.d͡ʒəl/ /ˈkɔː.di.əl/ /ˈkɔː.dʒəl/ cordials n
syrop
(UK, AU, NZ) A concentrated non-carbonated soft drink which is diluted with water before drinking.
kordiał nalewka
A liqueur prepared using the infusion process.

cordially /ˈkɔɹd͡ʒəli/ /ˈkɔːdɪəli/ more cordially most cordially adv
serdecznie
In a cordial, warm or friendly manner.

cordierite cordierites n
kordieryt
(mineral) A magnesium iron aluminium cyclosilicate.

cordless /ˈkɔɹd.lɪs/ cordlesses n
bezprzewodowy
[20th c.]

corduroy /ˈkɔɹdəɹɔɪ/ /ˈkɔːdəɹɔɪ/ /ˈkɔːdɹɔɪ/ corduroys n
sztruks
A heavy fabric, usually made of cotton, with vertical ribs.

core /ko(ː)ɹ/ /koə/ /koɹ/ /kɔː/ [kʰo̞ɹ] cores n
ogryzek gniazdo nasienne
The central part of a fruit, containing the kernels or seeds.
rdzeń jądro
The most important part of a thing or aggregate of things wherever located and whether of any determinate location at all; the essence.
rdzeń
(computer hardware) An individual computer processor, in the sense when several processors (called cores or CPU cores) are plugged together in one single integrated circuit to work as one (called a multi-core processor).
rdzeń jądro ogryzek gniazdo nasienne
(engineering, manufacturing) The portion of a mold that creates a cavity or impression within the part (casting or molded part) or that makes a hole in or through the part.

core /ko(ː)ɹ/ /koə/ /koɹ/ /kɔː/ [kʰo̞ɹ] v
wydrążać wydrążyć
To remove the core of an apple or other fruit.
To extract a sample with a drill.

core business n
podstawowa działalność

core curriculum core curricula core curriculums n
podstawa programowa

core drill core drills n
świder rdzeniowy
A device used to remove a cylinder-shaped sample of material for examination

core sample core samples n
próbka rdzeniowa
A cylindrical section of a naturally occurring substance, typically obtained by drilling into the substance, for example sediment or rock, with a core drill.

corf /kɔɹf/ /kɔːf/ corfs corves n
sadz
(fishing) A container (basket, wooden box with holes etc.) used to store live fish underwater.

coriander /ˈkɔɹiˌændɚ/ /ˌkɒɹiˈændə/ /ˌkɔɹiˈændɚ/ corianders n
kolendra kolendra siewna
(UK) The annual herb Coriandrum sativum, used in many cuisines.

cork /kɔɹk/ /kɔːk/ corks n
korek
The phellem of the cork oak, used for making bottle stoppers, flotation devices, and insulation material.
A bottle stopper made from this or any other material.

cork oak cork oaks n
dąb korkowy
A type of evergreen oak tree, Quercus suber, native to southwest Europe and northwest Africa.

corkscrew /ˈkɔɹk.skɹu/ /ˈkɔːk.skɹuː/ corkscrews n
korkociąg
An implement for opening bottles that are sealed by a cork. Sometimes specifically such an implement that includes a screw-shaped part, or worm.

corm corms n
bulwocebula
A short, vertical, swollen, underground stem of a plant (usually one of the monocots) that serves as a storage organ to enable the plant to survive winter or other adverse conditions such as drought.

cormorant /ˈkɑm(ə)ɹənt/ /ˈkɔɹməɹənt/ /ˈkɔːməɹənt/ cormorants n
kormoran
Any of various medium-large black seabirds of the family Phalacrocoracidae which dive into water for fish and other aquatic animals, found throughout the world except for islands in the centre of the Pacific Ocean; specifically, the great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo).

corn /kɔɹn/ /kɔːn/ corns n
zboże
(Commonwealth English, but not Canada, Australia, or New Zealand, uncountable) Any cereal plant (or its grain) that is the main crop or staple of a country or region.

corn bunting corn buntings n
potrzeszcz
A passerine bird (Emberiza calandra, syn. Emberiza miliaria, Milaria calandra) whose male and female plumages are (untypically for buntings) similar.

corn dog corn dogs n
corn dog parówka w cieście
A hot dog coated in cornbread batter and deep-fried in hot oil.

corn flakes n
kornfleksy płatki kukurydziane płatki z kukurydzy płatki śniadaniowe
A breakfast cereal made from toasted flakes of maize.

corn on the cob corns on the cob n
kolba kukurydzy
Cooked ears of corn (maize, specifically sweet corn).

corn poppy corn poppies n
mak polny
The common poppy (Papaver rhoeas), of Eurasia.

corn salad n
roszponka roszpunka
Any of the small plants in genus Valerianella, used in salads and as a herb, especially Valerianella locusta.

corn smut corn smuts n
głownia kukurydzy
A fungus that affects corn (maize), taxonomic name Ustilago maydis, which induces tumors in the plant, known to be eaten as a delicacy.

corn snake corn snakes n
wąż zbożowy
A species of rat snake, Pantherophis guttatus guttatus (syn. Elaphe guttata guttata.

corn thistle corn thistles n
ostrożeń polny
A perennial herb, Cirsium arvense.

cornbread cornbreads n
chleb kukurydziany
(US) Bread made from cornmeal.

corncob /ˈkɔɹn.kɑb/ /ˈkɔɹn.kɒb/ /ˈkɔːn.kɒb/ corncobs n
kaczan kolba kukurydzy
The central cylindrical core of an ear of corn (maize) on which the kernels are attached in rows.

corncockle corncockles n
kąkol
Any of several species of flowering plants, of the genus Agrostemma, in the Caryophyllaceae family.

corncrake /ˈkɔrnˌkreɪk/ /ˈkɔːnkreɪk/ corncrakes n
derkacz
A bird of the rail family, Crex crex, that breeds in meadows and arable farmland across Europe and western Asia, migrating to Africa in winter.

cornea /ˈkɔː(ɹ)ni.ə/ corneae corneas corneæ n
rogówka
(anatomy) The transparent layer making up the outermost front part of the eye, covering the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber.

corned beef corned beefs n
peklowana wołowina
Smoke-cured and salted beef.

cornel cornels n
dereń
Any tree or shrub of the dogwood subgenera, Cornus subg. Arctocrania (syn. Cornus subg. Chamaepericlymenum) or Cornus subg. Cornus, especially Cornus mas, the European cornel.
The cherry-like fruit of such plants, certain of which are edible.

corner /ˈkɔɹnɚ/ /ˈkɔːnə(ɹ)/ corners n
kąt róg węgieł kącik
The space in the angle between converging lines or walls which meet in a point.
róg
An intersection of two streets; any of the four outer points off the street at that intersection.

corner /ˈkɔɹnɚ/ /ˈkɔːnə(ɹ)/ v
zapędzać w kozi róg zapędzić w kozi róg
(transitive) To trap in a position of great difficulty or hopeless embarrassment.

corner flag corner flags n
chorągiewka boczna
(sports) Each of the flags that denotes the corner of the field of play.

corner kick corner kicks n
rzut rożny
(soccer) A kick awarded to the attacking team when the ball leaves the field of play by wholly crossing the goal line without a goal having been scored, having last touched a player from the defending team. For the kick, the ball is placed within the corner arc closest to where it went out of play.

corner of the mouth corners of the mouth n
kącik ust
The side of the mouth where the upper and lower lips join.

cornerstone cornerstones n
kamień węgielny
A stone forming the base at the corner of a building.
Such a stone used ceremonially, often inscribed with the architect's and owner's names, dates and other details.
(figuratively) That which is prominent, fundamental, noteworthy, or central.

cornet /kɔɹˈnɛt/ /ˈkɔːnɪt/ cornets n
kornet
A musical instrument of the brass family, slightly smaller than a trumpet, usually in the musical key of B-flat.

cornetist cornetists n
kornecista kornecistka

cornett /kɔɹˈnɛt/ /kɔːˈnɛt/ /ˈkɔːnɪt/ cornetts n
cynk
(musical instruments) An early horn wind instrument used in European music of the medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque periods. Not to be confused with later brass instrument.

cornflower /ˈkɔɹnˌflaʊ.ɚ/ adj
bławatkowy chabrowy
Of a blue colour, as that of the cornflower; cornflower blue.

cornflower /ˈkɔɹnˌflaʊ.ɚ/ cornflowers n
bławatek chaber
A small annual plant in the family Asteraceae, Centaurea cyanus, usually with bushy blue flowers which grows natively in European cornfields (i.e. wheatfields).
bławatkowy chabrowy
A color, cornflower blue.

cornflower blue adj
chabrowy

cornice cornices n
gzyms
(architectural element) A horizontal architectural element of a building, projecting forward from the main walls, originally used as a means of directing rainwater away from the building's walls.

cornstarch cornstarches n
maizena
A very fine starch powder derived from corn (maize) used in cooking as a thickener, to keep things from sticking, or as an anti-caking agent.

cornucopia /ˌkɔɹ.njəˈkoʊ.pi.ə/ /ˌkɔɹ.nəˈkoʊ.pi.ə/ /ˌkɔː.njəˈkəʊ.pi.ə/ cornucopiae cornucopias cornucopiæ n
róg obfitości róg Amaltei
(Greek mythology) A goat's horn endlessly overflowing with fruit, flowers and grain; or full of whatever its owner wanted: or, an image of a such a horn, either in two or three dimensions.
obfitość róg Amaltei róg obfitości
An abundance or plentiful supply.

corollary /kɒˈɹɒləɹi/ /kɔˈɹoʊˌlɛɹi/ /ˈkɒɹələɹi/ /ˈkɔɹəˌlɛɹi/ corollaries n
następstwo wniosek
(mathematics, logic) A proposition which follows easily from the proof of another proposition.

corona /kəˈɹoʊ.nə/ /kəˈɹəʊ.nə/ coronas n
korona
(informal, also, attributively) A disease caused by a coronavirus, especially COVID-19.

corona discharge corona discharges n
ulot
(electricity) The ionization of air (or any other fluid) surrounding an electrically energized conductor, as a result of a strong electric field.

coronagraph coronagraphs n
koronograf

coronal mass ejection coronal mass ejections n
koronalny wyrzut masy
(astronomy) A massive burst of solar wind, other light isotope plasma, and magnetic fields rising above the solar corona or being released into space.

coronary /ˈkɒɹən(ə)ɹi/ /ˈkɔɹənɛɹi/ more coronary most coronary adj
wieńcowy
(anatomy) Encircling something (like a crown), especially with regard to the arteries or veins of the heart.

coronary artery coronary arteries n
tętnica wieńcowa
(anatomy, cardiology) An artery arising from aorta.

coronation /kɒɹəˈneɪʃn̩/ /ˌkɑ-/ /ˌkɔɹəˈneɪʃ(ə)n/ coronations n
koronacja
(specifically, also, attributively) An act or the ceremony of formally investing a sovereign or the sovereign's consort with a crown and other insignia of royalty, on or shortly after their accession to the sovereignty.

coronavirus /kəˈɹoʊnəˌvaɪɹəs/ /kəˈɹəʊnəˌvaɪɹəs/ coronaviruses n
koronawirus
(virology) A member of the family Coronaviridaews, comprising viruses which infect animals and human beings, and the genome of which consists of a single strand of RNA. [from 1968]

coroner /ˈkɑɹ.ə.nɚ/ /ˈkɒ.ɹə.nə(ɹ)/ /ˈkɔɹ.ə.nɚ/ /ˈkɹaʊnə(ɹ)/ coroners n
coroner koroner
(Commonwealth, Japan, legal) A public official who presides over an inquest into unnatural deaths, and who may have (or historically had) additional powers such as investigating cases of treasure trove.
(Canada, US, medicine) A medical doctor who performs autopsies and determines time and cause of death from a scientific standpoint.

coroutine coroutines n
współprogram

corporal /ˈkoɹ.pɚ.əl/ /ˈkoɹ.pɹəl/ /ˈkɔː.pɜ.ɹəl/ /ˈkɔː.pɹəl/ corporals n
kapral
(military) A non-commissioned officer army rank with NATO code OR-4. The rank below a sergeant but above a lance corporal and private.
korporał
(ecclesiastical) The white linen cloth on which the elements of the Eucharist are placed; a communion cloth.

corporal punishment /ˌkɔː.pəɹ.əl ˈpʌn.ɪʃ.mənt/ corporal punishments n
kara cielesna
A form of punishment achieved by inflicting blows to the offender's body.

corporate /ˈkɔɹ.pəɹ.eɪt/ /ˈkɔɹ.pəɹ.ət/ /ˈkɔɹ.pɹət/ /ˈkɔː.pə.ɹeɪt/ /ˈkɔː.pə.ɹət/ /ˈkɔː.pɹət/ more corporate most corporate adj
firmowy korporacyjny
Of or relating to a corporation.

corporatespeak n
korpomowa
(informal, derogatory) The jargon used within business and corporations.

corporation /ˈkɔːpəˈɹeɪʃən/ /ˌkɔɹpəˈɹeɪʃən/ corporations n
korporacja spółka akcyjna
A body corporate, created by law or under authority of law, having a continuous existence independent of the existences of its members, and powers and liabilities distinct from those of its members.

corpse /koɹps/ /koːps/ /kɔːps/ /kɔːɹps/ [kʰo̞ɹps] n
zwłoki trup ciało truchło
A dead body.

corpulent /ˈkoɹpjəlɪnt/ /ˈkɔːpjələnt/ /ˈkɔːpjʊlənt/ more corpulent most corpulent adj
korpulentny
Large in body; fat; overweight.

corpulently more corpulently most corpulently adv
korpulentnie
In a corpulent manner.

corpus cavernosum corpora cavernosa n
ciało jamiste
(anatomy) One of the pair of cylindrical columns of erectile tissue that form the bulk of the clitoris and penis.

corpus delicti corpora delicti n
corpus delicti
(legal) The evidence that a crime has occurred.

corpus luteum corpora lutea n
ciałko żółte
(anatomy) A yellow mass of cells that forms from an ovarian follicle during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in mammals; it secretes steroid hormones.

corpus spongiosum corpora spongiosa n
ciało gąbczaste
(anatomy) The mass of spongy erectile tissue surrounding the male urethra within the penis.

corpuscle /ˈkɔɹˌpʌsəl/ /ˈkɔːˌpʌsəl/ corpuscles n
korpuskuła cząsteczka
A minute particle; an atom; a molecule.

corral /kəˈɹæl/ /kəˈɹɑːl/ corrals n
corral
An enclosure for livestock, especially a circular one.

corral /kəˈɹæl/ /kəˈɹɑːl/ v
zgarniać zgarnąć
To capture or round up.

correct /kəˈɹɛkt/ more correct most correct adj
poprawny prawidłowy właściwy
Free from error; true; accurate; astute.

correct /kəˈɹɛkt/ v
poprawiać poprawić
(transitive) To make something that was wrong become right; to remove error from.

correction fluid correction fluids n
korektor
A white, opaque fluid, applied to paper to mask textual errors; used especially to mask errors in typing so that corrections may be overtyped.

correctly /kəˈɹɛk(t)li/ more correctly most correctly adv
poprawnie prawidłowo właściwie
In a correct manner.

correlate /ˈkɑɹəleɪt/ /ˈkɑɹələt/ /ˈkɒɹəleɪt/ /ˈkɒɹələt/ /ˈkɔɹəleɪt/ /ˈkɔɹələt/ v
korelować skorelować
(transitive) To compare things and bring them into a relation having corresponding characteristics.
(intransitive) To be related by a correlation; to be correlated.

correlation /ˌkɑ.ɹəˈleɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkɒɹ.əˈleɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkɔɹ.əˈleɪ.ʃən/ correlations n
korelacja
A reciprocal, parallel or complementary relationship between two or more comparable objects.
(statistics) One of the several measures of the linear statistical relationship between two random variables, indicating both the strength and direction of the relationship.

correspond /ˌkɑɹəˈspɑnd/ /ˌkɒɹəˈspɒnd/ /ˌkɔɹəˈspɑnd/ v
odpowiadać
(intransitive, constructed with to) To be equivalent or similar in character, quantity, quality, origin, structure, function etc.
korespondować
(intransitive, constructed with with) to exchange messages, especially by postal letter, over a period of time.

correspondence /ˌkɑ.ɹəˈspɑn.dəns/ /ˌkɒɹ.əˈspɒn.dəns/ /ˌkɒɹ.ɪˈspɒn.dəns/ /ˌkɔɹ.əˈspɑn.dəns/ correspondences n
korespondencja
(uncountable) Newspaper or news stories.
(uncountable) Reciprocal exchange of civilities, especially conversation between persons by means of letters.
odpowiedniość zgodność
(countable) An agreement of situations or objects with an expected outcome.

correspondent /ˌkɒɹ.ɪˈspɒn.dənt/ /ˌkɔɹ.ɪˈspɑn.dənt/ /ˌkɔɹ.ɪˈspɔn.dənt/ correspondents n
korespondentka korespondent
A journalist who sends reports back to a newspaper or radio or television station from a distant or overseas location.

corridor /-də/ /ˈkɒɹɪdɔː/ /ˈkɔɹədɚ/ /ˈkɔɹəˌdɔɹ/ corridors n
korytarz
A narrow hall or passage with rooms leading off it, as in a building or in a railway carriage.
A restricted tract of land that allows passage between two places.
korytarz powietrzny
Airspace restricted for the passage of aircraft.

corridors of power n
kuluary władzy

corrie /ˈkɒɹi/ corries n
cyrk lodowcowy kar kocioł
(Scotland) A bowl-shaped geographical feature formed by glaciation.

corrigendum /ˌkɒɹ.ɪˈdʒɛn.dəm/ /ˌkɒɹ.ɪˈɡɛn.dəm/ /ˌkɔɹ.ɪˈd͡ʒɛn.dəm/ /ˌkɔɹ.ɪˈɡɛn.dəm/ corrigenda n
błąd druku korekta
An error that is to be corrected in a printed work after publication.

corroborate /kəˈɹɑbəɹeɪ̯t/ /kəˈɹɒbəɹeɪ̯t/ v
potwierdzać potwierdzić
(transitive) To confirm or support something with additional evidence; to attest or vouch for.

corrodible more corrodible most corrodible adj
korozyjny
Readily corroded

corrosion /kəˈɹoʊʒən/ /kəˈɹəʊʒən/ corrosions n
korodowanie korozja
The act of corroding or the condition so produced.
korozja
(chemistry) Erosion by chemical action, especially oxidation.
(by extension) The gradual destruction or undermining of something.

corrosive /kəˈɹəʊsɪv/ more corrosive most corrosive adj
żrący
Eating away; having the power of gradually wearing, hanging, or destroying the texture or substance of a body; as the corrosive action of an acid.

corrosive /kəˈɹəʊsɪv/ corrosives n
kaustyczny żrący
Any solid, liquid or gas capable of irreparably harming living tissues or damaging material on contact.

corrupt /kəˈɹʌpt/ more corrupt most corrupt adj
skorumpowany
In a depraved state; debased; perverted; morally degenerate; weak in morals.
zepsuty
Abounding in errors; not genuine or correct; in an invalid state.

corrupted /kəˈɹʌptɪd/ more corrupted most corrupted adj
zdeprawowany zepsuty
Marked by immorality and perversion; depraved.

corruption /kəˈɹʌpʃən/ corruptions n
zepsucie
The act of corrupting or of impairing integrity, virtue, or moral principle; the state of being corrupted or debased; loss of purity or integrity.
korupcja
Unethical administrative or executive practices (in government or business), including bribery (offering or receiving bribes), conflicts of interest, nepotism, and so on.

corsac fox corsac foxes n
lis stepowy
a medium-sized Asiatic fox, of species Vulpes corsac.

corsair /ˈkɔːrsɛər/ corsairs n
korsarz
A privateer or pirate in general.

corseque corseques n
korseka
A pole weapon with a spike and two lateral blades on a shaft.

corset /ˈkɔː(ɹ).sɪt/ corsets n
gorset
A woman's foundation garment, reinforced with stays, that supports the waistline, hips and bust.

cortex /ˈkɔɹtɛks/ /ˈkɔːtɛks/ cortexes cortices n
kora
(countable, anatomy) The outer layer of an internal organ or body structure, such as the kidney or the brain.
(uncountable, botany) The tissue of a stem or root that lies inward from the epidermis, but exterior to the vascular tissue.

cortisol /ˈkɔɹ.tɪˌsɔl/ /ˈkɔː.tɪ.sɒl/ cortisols n
kortyzol

corundum /kəˈɹʌn.dəm/ corundums n
korund
(mineral) An extremely hard mineral, a form of aluminum oxide with the chemical formula Al2O3, that occurs in the form of the gemstones sapphire and ruby; it is used as an abrasive.

corvee /kɔːɹˈveɪ/ /ˈkɔːveɪ/ corvees n
pańszczyzna
Unpaid labor required by a feudal lord.
Labor, especially for roads or dams, in lieu of taxes.

corvette /kɔːɹ.ˈvɛt/ corvettes n
korweta
(nautical, historical) A flush-decked warship of the 17th-18th centuries having a single tier of guns; it ranked next below a frigate; – called in the United States navy a sloop of war.
(nautical) In a modern navy, a lightly armed and armoured blue water warship, smaller than a frigate, capable of transoceanic duty.

corymb /ˈkɒɹɪmb/ corymbs n
baldachogrono
(botany) A cluster of flowers with a flat or convex top.

coryphaeus coryphaei coryphaeuses n
koryfeusz koryfej
(Ancient Greece, drama, historical) The conductor or leader of the chorus of a drama.

corypheus coryphei corypheuses n
koryfej koryfeusz
(drama, historical) The conductor or leader of the dramatic chorus in Ancient Greece.

coset cosets n
warstwa
(algebra, group theory) The set that results from applying a group's binary operation with a given fixed element of the group on each element of a given subgroup.

cosily more cosily most cosily adv
przytulnie
In a cosy manner.

cosine /ˈkoʊ.saɪn/ /ˈkəʉ.sɑɪn/ /ˈkəʊ.saɪn/ cosines n
cosinus kosinus
(trigonometry) In a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the side adjacent to an acute angle to the length of the hypotenuse. Symbol: cos

cosmetic /kɑzˈmɛtɪk/ /kɒzˈmɛtɪk/ more cosmetic most cosmetic adj
kosmetyczny
Imparting or improving beauty, particularly the beauty of the complexion.
powierzchowny kosmetyczny
External or superficial; pertaining only to the surface or appearance of something.

cosmetic /kɑzˈmɛtɪk/ /kɒzˈmɛtɪk/ cosmetics n
kosmetyk
Any substances applied to enhance the external color or texture of the skin, e.g. lipstick, eyeshadow, eyeliner; makeup.

cosmetician cosmeticians n
kosmetyczka kosmetyk
A person skilled at applying cosmetics.

cosmetics n
kosmetyka kosmetyki
The study of such products.

cosmetologist cosmetologists n
kosmetolog
A person who advises people (normally women) on cosmetics and other beauty treatments; a beautician.

cosmic /ˈkɒz.mɪk/ more cosmic most cosmic adj
kosmiczny
Of or from or pertaining to the cosmos or universe.

cosmic background radiation n
kosmiczne promieniowanie tła

cosmic microwave background n
mikrofalowe promieniowanie tła

cosmo- prefix
kosmo-
universe, world

cosmochemical adj
astrochemiczny kosmochemiczny

cosmochemistry n
astrochemia kosmochemia
The branch of chemistry that deals with the creation of the elements, and their isotopic distribution, in the universe; also with the synthesis and reactions of simple molecules in interstellar space.

cosmodrome cosmodromes n
kosmodrom
A site for launching spacecraft, usually in reference to such Soviet or Russian built sites as the Baikonur, Kazakhstan and Plesetsk, Russia cosmodromes.

cosmogonic adj
kosmogoniczny
Of or pertaining to cosmogony.

cosmogony /kɑzˈmɑ.ɡə.ni/ /kɒzˈmɒɡ.ə.ni/ /kɔzˈmɔɡ.ə.ni/ cosmogonies n
kosmogonia
The study of the origin, and sometimes the development, of the universe or the solar system, in astrophysics, religion, and other fields.

cosmological adj
kosmologiczny
Of or pertaining to cosmology, or to the overall structure of the universe

cosmological constant cosmological constants n
stała kosmologiczna
(physics) A term added by Albert Einstein to his equations of general relativity in order to account for a supposed static universe, since used to describe vacuum energy as a form of dark energy.

cosmologist cosmologists n
kosmolog
A person who studies cosmology.

cosmology cosmologies n
kosmologia
The study of the physical universe, its structure, dynamics, origin and evolution, and fate.
A metaphysical study into the origin and nature of the universe.

cosmonaut /ˈkɒzməˌnɔːt/ cosmonauts n
kosmonauta astronauta astronautka kosmonautka
An astronaut, especially a Russian or Soviet one.

cosmopolitan /ˌkɑz.məˈpɑl.ɪ.tən/ /ˌkɒz.məˈpɒl.ɪ.tən/ more cosmopolitan most cosmopolitan adj
kosmopolityczny
(of a place, or, institution) Composed of people from all over the world.
(of a person) At ease in any part of the world; familiar with many cultures.
(biology, ecology) Growing or living in many parts of the world; widely distributed.

cosmopolite /kɑzˈmɑ.pəˌlaɪt/ cosmopolites n
kosmopolita
One who is at home in every place; a citizen of the world; a cosmopolitan person.

cosmos /ˈkɑz.moʊs/ /ˈkɒz.mɒs/ cosmoi cosmoses n
kosmos wszechświat
The universe.

cosplay /ˈkɑs.pleɪ/ /ˈkɑz.pleɪ/ /ˈkɒs.pleɪ/ /ˈkɒz.pleɪ/ /ˌkoʊˈspleɪ/ cosplays n
cosplay
(uncountable) The art or practice of costuming oneself as a (usually fictional) character.

cost /ˈkɑst/ /ˈkɒst/ /ˈkɔst/ costs n
koszt
Amount of money, time, etc. that is required or used.
cena
A negative consequence or loss that occurs or is required to occur.

cost /ˈkɑst/ /ˈkɒst/ /ˈkɔst/ v
kosztować
(transitive, ditransitive) To incur a charge of; to require payment of a (specified) price.

cost center cost centers n
dział kalkulacji kosztów

cost estimate cost estimates n
kosztorys

cost object cost objects n
obiekt kosztów

cost of living costs of living n
koszty utrzymania
The average cost of a standard set of basic necessities of life, especially of food, shelter and clothing.

cost-effective more cost-effective most cost-effective adj
opłacalny
Returning a benefit that justifies the initial investment; economical.

costly /ˈkɒst.li/ costlier costliest adj
kosztowny
Of high cost; expensive.

costmary costmaries n
złocień wonny

costume /kɑsˈt(j)um/ /kɑsˈt͡ʃum/ /ˈkɑs.təm/ /ˈkɑs.tʊm/ /ˈkɑsˌt(j)um/ /ˈkɑsˌt͡ʃum/ /ˈkɒs.tjuːm/ /ˈkɒs.t͡ʃuːm/ costumes n
strój kostium
A style of dress, including garments, accessories and hairstyle, especially as characteristic of a particular country, period or people.
kostium przebranie
An outfit or a disguise worn as fancy dress etc.
A set of clothes appropriate for a particular occasion or season.

costume /kɑsˈt(j)um/ /kɑsˈt͡ʃum/ /ˈkɑs.təm/ /ˈkɑs.tʊm/ /ˈkɑsˌt(j)um/ /ˈkɑsˌt͡ʃum/ /ˈkɒs.tjuːm/ /ˈkɒs.t͡ʃuːm/ v
przebierać przebrać
To dress or adorn with a costume or appropriate garb.

costume drama costume dramas n
film kostiumowy

costume jewellery costume jewelleries n
błyskotka
Inexpensive jewellery, made of glass and other non-precious materials.

cosy /ˈkoʊzi/ /ˈkəʊzi/ cosier cosiest adj
ciepły miły przytulny
Affording comfort and warmth; snug; social.

cot death cot deaths n
śmierć łóżeczkowa
(pathology, British) The unexplained death of a baby, usually while sleeping.

cotangent /ˈkoʊˌtænd͡ʒənt/ cotangents n
cotangens kotangens
(trigonometry) In a right triangle, the reciprocal of the tangent of an angle. Symbols: cot, ctg, or ctn

coterminous /kəˈtəː.mɪ.nəs/ /kəˈtɝ.mɪ.nəs/ adj
ościenny
Meeting end to end or at the ends.

cotillion /koʊtɪlˈjɑ̃/ /kətɪlˈjɑ̃/ /kətɪlˈjɒ̃/ /kəʊtɪlˈjɒ̃/ cotillions n
kotylion
(dance) A bold dance performed in groups of eight where women lift their skirts to display their ankles. [from 1766]

cotinga cotingas n
bławatnik
Any of the neotropical passerine birds of the family Cotingidae

cottage cheese cottage cheeses n
serek wiejski
A cheese curd product with a mild flavor that is drained but not pressed so some whey remains.

cotton /ˈkɑt.ən/ /ˈkɒt.ən/ [ˈkɑʔn̩] adj
bawełniany
Made of cotton.

cotton /ˈkɑt.ən/ /ˈkɒt.ən/ [ˈkɑʔn̩] cottons n
bawełna bawełnica
Gossypium, a genus of plant used as a source of cotton fiber.
Any plant that encases its seed in a thin fiber that is harvested and used as a fabric or cloth.
bawełna wata
Any fiber similar in appearance and use to Gossypium fiber.

cotton gin cotton gins n
odziarniarka
A machine used for separating cotton fibers from cotton seeds, etc.

cotton mill cotton mills n
przędzalnia
A building housing spinning or weaving machinery for the production of yarn or cloth from raw cotton.

cotton pygmy goose cotton pygmy geese n
kaczuszka azjatycka
Nettapus coromandelianus, a small perching duck.

cotton swab cotton swabs n
patyczek do uszu wymazówka patyczek higieniczny wacik
A small wad of cotton wrapped around the end of a small rod, made of wood, rolled paper, or plastic. The most common uses for cotton swabs include aural hygiene and cosmetics application.

cotton wool /ˈkɒtən wʊl/ cotton wools n
wata
(US) Raw fibers of cotton before being processed.
(UK) Soft, absorbent cotton for medical or cosmetic use, protective padding, etc.

cottonlike more cottonlike most cottonlike adj
bawełnopodobny

cottony more cottony most cottony adj
bawełniasty bawełnisty

cotyledon /ˌkɑt.əˈliː.dən/ /ˌkɒt.ɪˈliː.dən/ cotyledons n
liścień
(botany) The leaf of the embryo of a seed-bearing plant; after germination it becomes the first leaves of the seedling.

couch /kaʊt͡ʃ/ couches n
kanapa sofa wersalka
(North America, Australia, Ireland) An item of furniture, often upholstered, for the comfortable seating of more than one person; a sofa.

couch /kaʊt͡ʃ/ v
ubierać w słowa ubrać w słowa
To phrase in a particular style; to use specific wording for.

couch grass /ˈkaʊt͡ʃˌɡɹæs/ /ˈkuːt͡ʃɡɹɑːs/ n
perz
A species of grass, Elymus repens, usually considered a weed.

couch potato couch potatoes n
kanapowy leń
(idiom) A person who spends a lot of time sitting or lying down, often watching television, eating snacks or drinking alcohol. [from 1976]

cougar /ˈkuɡɚ/ /ˈkuːɡɑː/ /ˈkuːɡə/ [ˈkʰuɡɚ] [ˈkʰuːɡə] cougars n
puma kuguar
Puma concolor, a wild feline native to the Americas.

cough /kɑf/ /kɒf/ /kɔf/ /kɔːf/ coughs n
kaszel
A sudden, often involuntary expulsion of air from the lungs through the glottis (causing a short, explosive sound), and out through the mouth.
A bout of repeated coughing (verb sense 2.1); also, a medical condition that causes one to cough.

cough /kɑf/ /kɒf/ /kɔf/ /kɔːf/ v
kaszleć kaszlnąć
Sometimes followed by up: to force (something) out of the lungs or throat by pushing air from the lungs through the glottis (causing a short, explosive sound), and out through the mouth.
kaszleć kasłać
To make a noise like a cough.

cough up v
odkasłać odkasływać
To expel from the lungs, throat, etc. by coughing.

could I see the menu, please phraseologicalUnit
czy mogę zobaczyć menu?
Said in a restaurant, to ask for the menu.

couldn't care less v
mieć gdzieś
(idiom) to not care at all; to have no interest or concern; to be apathetic.

couloir /kulˈwɑɹ/ couloirs n
żleb
(climbing, skiing) A steep gorge along a mountainside.

coulomb /ˈku.loʊm/ /ˈku.lɑm/ /ˈkuː.lɒm/ coulombs n
kulomb amperosekunda
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of electric charge; the amount of electric charge carried by a current of 1 ampere flowing for 1 second. Symbol: C

coumarin /ˈkuːməɹɪn/ coumarins n
kumaryna
(organic compound) the bicyclic aromatic compound 1,2-benzopyrone or any of its derivatives

council /ˈkaʊn.səl/ councils n
rada
A committee that leads or governs (e.g. city council, student council).

council estate council estates n
budownictwo komunalne
(UK) A housing estate consisting, entirely or principally, of council housing.

counsel /ˈkaʊn.səl/ counsel counsels n
adwokat adwokatka
A lawyer, as in King's Counsel (KC) or Queen's Counsel (QC).

counsel of despair counsels of despair n
akt rozpaczy

count /kaʊnt/ counts n
liczenie
The act of counting or tallying a quantity.
hrabia graf
The male ruler of a county.
odliczanie policzenie
The result of a tally that reveals the number of items in a set; a quantity counted.

count /kaʊnt/ v
liczyć policzyć
(intransitive) To amount to, to number in total.
liczyć się
(intransitive) To be of significance; to matter.

count angels on pinheads v
przegapiać sedno
To focus on getting correct details which are largely irrelevant.

count down v
odliczać odliczyć
To announce the passage of time to a precisely timed expected event.
odliczać
To await a precisely timed expected event.

count in v
wliczać wliczyć
(transitive) To include (someone) in an activity, etc.

count on v
liczyć na
(transitive) To rely on, trust, or expect.

count on the fingers of one hand v
policzyć na palcach jednej ręki

count one's blessings v
ciesz się tym, co masz
(idiomatic) To focus one's attention on the circumstances of one's life which are pleasant or fortunate, especially with the intention of diverting one's thoughts from serious or disagreeable matters.

count sheep v
liczyć barany liczyć owce
(idiomatic) To attempt to go to sleep by thinking of something boring, traditionally by counting imaginary sheep.

countable /ˈkaʊntəbəl/ [ˈkʰãʊ̯̃n(ɾ)əbɫ̩] adj
przeliczalny
(mathematics, of a set) finite or countably infinite; having a one-to-one correspondence (bijection) with a subset of the natural numbers.
(mathematics, of a set) Countably infinite; having a bijection with the natural numbers.
policzalny
(grammar, of a noun) Freely usable with the indefinite article and with numbers, and therefore having a plural form.

countable set countable sets n
zbiór przeliczalny
(set theory) A set that is countable.

countdown /ˈkaʊntˌdaʊn/ countdowns n
odliczanie
A count backward in fixed units to the time of some event, especially the launch of a space vehicle.

countenance /ˈkaʊn.tə.nəns/ /ˈkaʊnt.nəns/ [kæũ̯n.tɪ̆.nəns] countenances n
mina wyraz twarzy oblicze
Appearance, especially the features and expression of the face.
Calm facial expression, composure, self-control.

counter /ˈkaʊn.tə/ /ˈkaʊn.tɚ/ [ˈkaʊ.ɾ̃ɚ] [ˈkʰaʊ̯.nɚ] [ˈkʰaʊ̯.ɾ̃ɚ] counters n
licznik
An object (now especially a small disc) used in counting or keeping count, or as a marker in games, etc.
lada kontuar
A table or board on which money is counted and over which business is transacted
blat
In a kitchen, a surface, often built into the wall and above a cabinet, designed to be used for food preparation.

counter- /ˈkaʊn.tə/ /ˈkaʊn.tɚ/ /ˈkæɔn.tə/ /ˌkaʊn.tɚ/ prefix
anty- kontr- kontra- przeciw-
In opposition to.

counter-attack counter-attacks n
kontratak
An attack made in response to an attack by the opponents

counter-offensive counter-offensives n
kontrnatarcie kontrofensywa
An attack made in response to a previous offensive, and intended to stop it.

counteract /ˈkaʊntəɹˌækt/ /ˌkaʊntəɹˈækt/ v
przeciwdziałać
To deliberately act in opposition to, to thwart or frustrate

counterargument counterarguments n
kontrargument
An argument that is opposed to another argument.

counterbalance /ˌkaʊntəˈbæləns/ /ˌkaʊntɚˈbæləns/ counterbalances n
przeciwwaga
(literally) A weight that is put in opposition to an equal weight so it keeps that in balance.

counterbid counterbids n
kontroferta kontrpropozycja
(business) A bid made in response to a previous bid by another party

counterblow counterblows n
kontra
A blow delivered in reply to a previous blow by somebody else, such as an opponent in a boxing match.

countercoup countercoups n
zamach

counterculture countercultures n
kontrkultura
Any culture whose values and lifestyles are opposed to those of the established mainstream culture, especially to Western culture.

countercurrent countercurrents n
przeciwprąd
A current that flows against the prevailing one.

counterespionage n
kontrwywiad
All those activities undertaken to neutralize or exploit the espionage activities of another nation or an enemy.

counterexample counterexamples n
kontrprzykład
(logic) An example that counters a general rule; an exception to a general rule; a specific instance of the falsity of (and falsifiability of) any proposed universal applicability of a rule or statement.

counterfactual /ˌkaʊn.tə(ɹ)ˈfæk.tʃu.əl/ /ˌkaʊntɚˈfæktʃuəl/ adj
kontrfaktyczny
Contrary to known or agreed facts; untrue.

counterfeit /ˈkaʊn.tɚˌfɪt/ adj
podrobiony sfałszowany
False, especially of money; intended to deceive or carry appearance of being genuine.

counterfeit /ˈkaʊn.tɚˌfɪt/ counterfeits n
falsyfikat fałszywka podróbka
A non-genuine article; a fake.

counterfeit /ˈkaʊn.tɚˌfɪt/ v
fałszować podrabiać
(transitive) To falsely produce what appears to be official or valid; to produce a forged copy of.

counterfeiter /ˈkaʊntə(ɹ)ˌfɪtə(ɹ)/ counterfeiters n
fałszerka fałszerz
A person who counterfeits

counterintuitive /ˌkaʊntəɹɪnˈtuɪtɪv/ [ˌkʰaʊɾ̃ɚɪnˈtʰuɪɾɪv] more counterintuitive most counterintuitive adj
nieintuicyjny przeciwintuicyjny
Contrary to intuition or common sense.

countermeasure /ˈkaʊntəmɛʒə/ countermeasures n
przeciwśrodek
(military, mostly, in the plural) Any of the devices and techniques used to impair the operational effectiveness of an enemy.

counterpart /ˈkaʊntəˌpɑːt/ /ˈkaʊntɚˌpɑɹt/ counterparts n
odpowiednik
Either of two parts that fit together, or complement one another.
One who or that which resembles another.

counterparty counterparties n
kontrahent kontrahentka
(finance, insurance, legal) The other party to a financial transaction

counterpoint /ˈkaʊntə(ɹ)ˌpɔɪnt/ counterpoints n
kontrapunkt
(music) A melody added to an existing one, especially one added to provide harmony whilst each retains its simultaneous identity; a composition consisting of such contrapuntal melodies.

counterproductive /ˌkaʊntəprəˈdʌktɪv/ more counterproductive most counterproductive adj
kontrproduktywny przeciwskuteczny
More of a hindrance than a help.

counterpunch counterpunches n
kontra
A punch delivered in response to a previous punch by somebody else, such as an opponent in a boxing match.

counterrevolution counterrevolutions n
kontrrewolucja
A revolution aiming to reverse the political or social changes instigated by a previous revolution.

counterrevolutionary more counterrevolutionary most counterrevolutionary adj
kontrrewolucyjny
In opposition to a revolution.

counterrevolutionary counterrevolutionaries n
kontrrewolucjonista kontrrewolucjonistka
A person who opposes a revolution and attempts to reverse the changes made by it.

counterscarp counterscarps n
przeciwskarpa
(architecture) The outer slope of a defensive or fortified ditch

countersign v
kontrasygnować
(transitive, by extension) To add a second signature to a document, affirming the validity of the signature of another person.

countersignature countersignatures n
kontrasygnata
A signature made to confirm or endorse another.

countersubject countersubjects n
kontrtemat
(music) The secondary melody in contrapuntal music

countertenor countertenors n
kontratenor
An adult male singer who uses head tone or falsetto to sing far higher than the typical male vocal range.
A male singing voice far higher than the typical male vocal range.

counterterrorist adj
antyterrorystyczny
Intended to combat terrorism

counterterrorist counterterrorists n
antyterrorysta

countertop countertops n
kontuar
The top surface of a counter, for preparation of food etc.

counterweight counterweights n
przeciwwaga
A heavy mass of often iron or concrete, mechanically linked in opposition to a load which is to be raised and lowered, with the intent of reducing the amount of work which must be done to effect the raising and lowering. Counterweights are used, for example, in cable-hauled elevators and some kinds of movable bridges (e.g. a bascule bridge).

countess /ˈkaʊntɪs/ countesses n
hrabina
A woman holding the rank of count or earl in her own right; a female holder of an earldom.

counting rhyme counting rhymes n
wyliczanka

countless /ˈkaʊntləs/ adj
niezliczony nieprzebrany nieprzeliczony
Too many to count; innumerable.

country /ˈkaʊntɹi/ /ˈkɐntɹi/ /ˈkʌntɹi/ [ˈkʰʌnt̠ɹ̠̊˔ʷi] adj
wiejski
From or in the countryside or connected with it.

country /ˈkaʊntɹi/ /ˈkɐntɹi/ /ˈkʌntɹi/ [ˈkʰʌnt̠ɹ̠̊˔ʷi] countries n
kraj państwo
The territory of a nation, especially an independent nation state or formerly independent nation; a political entity asserting ultimate authority over a geographical area; a sovereign state. [from 14th c.]
kraj ziemia
A set region of land having particular human occupation or agreed limits, especially inhabited by members of the same race, speakers of the same language etc., or associated with a given person, occupation, species etc. [from 13th c.]
wieś prowincja
(uncountable, usually preceded by “the”) A rural area, as opposed to a town or city; the countryside. [from 16th c.]
country
Ellipsis of country music. [from 20th c.]

country bumpkin country bumpkins n
wieśniak
(colloquial) An unsophisticated person from the rural area of a particular country.

country house country houses n
wiejski dom
(British) A weekend and holiday residence, located outside of urban areas, used as a retreat from city life.

country music n
country
(music) A style of popular music that originated in the folk music of the rural population of the southern and western United States and characterized by string-band instruments and simple melodies.

country of origin countries of origin n
kraj pochodzenia
(international trade) The country in which the last stage of substantial transformation of goods occurred.

countryman /ˈkʌntɹimən/ countrymen countrywoman n
krajan krajanka
Somebody from one's own country; a fellow countryman; compatriot.

countryside /ˈkʌn.tɹiˌsaɪd/ countrysides n
wieś
An area located outside of towns and cities; an area that is not urban or suburban; a rural area.
krajobraz wiejski
A rural landscape.

countrywide /ˌkʌn.tɹiˈwaɪd/ adv
krajowy
Throughout a country; nationwide.

county /ˈkaʊnti/ counties n
hrabstwo
An administrative or geographical region of various countries, including Bhutan, Canada, China, Croatia, Ireland, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Romania, South Korea, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and 48 of the 50 United States (excluding Alaska and Louisiana).
(historical) The land ruled by a count or a countess.

coup d'état /ˌku deɪˈtɑ/ /ˌkuː deɪˈtɑː/ coup d'états coups d'état n
zamach stanu przewrót pucz
(politics, government) The sudden overthrow of a government, differing from a revolution by being carried out by a small group of people who replace only the leading figures.

coup de grâce /kuː də ɡɹɑs/ /kuː də ɡɹɑː/ coups de grâce n
dobicie
A final blow or shot given to kill a wounded person or animal.

couple /ˈkʌpəl/ couples n
dwa dwie dwójka
Two of the same kind connected or considered together.
para
Two partners in a romantic or sexual relationship.
paru parę
One of the pairs of plates of two metals which compose a voltaic battery, called a voltaic couple or galvanic couple.

couplet /ˈkʌp.lət/ /ˈkʌplɪt/ couplets n
dwuwiersz dystych
(literature) A pair of lines, typically with rhyming end words.

coupling /ˈkʌplɪŋ/ couplings n
sprzęganie
Act of joining together to form a couple.
sprzęg
A device that couples two things together.
sprzężenie
(physics) The property of physical systems that they are interacting with each other

coupon /ˈkjuːˌpɑn/ /ˈkjuːˌpɔn/ /ˈkuːpən/ /ˈkuːˌpɑn/ /ˈkuːˌpɒn/ /ˈkuːˌpɔn/ /ˈkuːˌpɔ̃/ [ˈkj̥uˌpan] [ˈkʰuˌpan] coupons n
kupon odcinek
A section of a ticket, showing the holder to be entitled to some specified accommodation or service, as to a passage over a designated line of travel, a particular seat in a theater, a discount, etc.
kupon
(finance, obsolete) A certificate of interest due, printed at the bottom of transferable bonds (state, railroad, etc.), given for a term of years, designed to be cut off and presented for payment when the interest is due; an interest warrant.
(finance) Any interest payment made or due on a bond, debenture or similar (no longer by a physical coupon).

courage /ˈkɝ.ɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈkʌ.ɹɪdʒ/ /ˈkʌ.ɹɪd͡ʒ/ courages n
odwaga śmiałość męstwo
The quality of being confident, not afraid or easily intimidated, but without being incautious or inconsiderate.

courage of one's convictions n
przekonanie o swojej słuszności

courgette /kɔɹˈʒɛt/ /kɔːˈʒɛt/ /kʊəˈʒɛt/ /kʊɚˈʒɛt/ courgettes n
cukinia kabaczek
(British, Ireland, uncountable) A particular variety of Cucurbita pepo, a small marrow/squash.

courier /ˈkɝ.i.ɚ/ /ˈkʊɹ.i.ɚ/ /ˈkʊɹ.ɪə/ couriers n
kurier kurierka
A person who delivers messages.

course /koəs/ /koɹs/ /koːɹs/ /kuːɹs/ /kɔɹs/ /kɔːs/ /kɜːs/ /kʊɹs/ courses n
bieg ciąg
A sequence of events.
danie
A stage of a meal.
kurs
A learning programme, whether a single class or (UK) a major area of study.
(nautical) The direction of movement of a vessel at any given moment.
(navigation) The intended passage of voyage, such as a boat, ship, airplane, spaceship, etc.
trajektoria
(sports) The trajectory of a ball, frisbee etc.

course credit course credits n
punktowana godzina zajęć
(education, academics) A unit for measuring the amount of academic studies of which exact definition varies by learning institution. Typically, there is a minimum number of course credits required as a precondition for graduation.

course of action courses of action n
sposób postępowania
A plan; a set of intended actions, through which one intends to achieve a goal.

coursebook /ˈkɔː(r)sbʊk/ coursebooks n
podręcznik
A textbook, a book designed to accompany a specific academic course, or one specified by the writers of the course to be read by its students.

court /ko(ː)ɹt/ /koət/ /koːt/ /kɔɹt/ /kɔːt/ courts n
dwór dziedziniec podwórze
An enclosed space; a courtyard; an uncovered area shut in by the walls of a building, or by different buildings; also, a space opening from a street and nearly surrounded by houses; a blind alley.
dwór
The collective body of persons composing the retinue of a sovereign or person high in authority; all the surroundings of a sovereign in his regal state.
The residence of a sovereign, prince, nobleman, or other dignitary; a palace.
jurysdykcja
Any jurisdiction, civil, military, or ecclesiastical.
sąd
(often capitalized) The judge or judges or other judicial officer presiding in a particular matter, particularly as distinguished from the counsel or jury, or both.
sąd dwór kort trybunał
The persons officially assembled under authority of law, at the appropriate time and place, for the administration of justice; an official assembly, legally met together for the transaction of judicial business; a judge or judges sitting for the hearing or trial of cases.
sąd trybunał
The hall, chamber, or place, where justice is administered.
kort
(sports) A place arranged for playing the games of tennis, basketball, handball, badminton, volleyball, squash and some other games

court /ko(ː)ɹt/ /koət/ /koːt/ /kɔɹt/ /kɔːt/ v
zalecać się
(transitive) To try to win a commitment to marry from.
(transitive) To invite by attractions; to allure; to attract.

court jester court jesters n
błazen
A person in colorful garb and fool's cap who amused a medieval and early modern royal or noble court.

court martial court martials courts martial n
sąd wojskowy
(legal, military) A court where cases of military law are heard.

court of law courts of law n
sąd trybunał

courteous /ˈkɜːti.əs/ /ˈkɝti.əs/ more courteous most courteous adj
grzeczny uprzejmy
Showing regard or thought for others; especially, displaying good manners or etiquette.

courteously more courteously most courteously adv
grzecznie uprzejmie
In a courteous manner; with obliging civility or condescension; politely.

courtesan /kɔɹtɪˈzæn/ /kɔːtɪˈzæn/ /ˈkoɹtɪzæn/ /ˈkoɹtɪzən/ /ˈkɔɹtɪzæn/ /ˈkɔɹtɪzən/ /ˈkɔːtɪzæn/ /ˈkɔːtɪzən/ courtesans n
kurtyzana
A female prostitute, especially one with high-status or wealthy clients.
(dated) The mistress of a royal or noble.

courtesy /ˈkɜːtəsi/ /ˈkɝtəsi/ courtesies n
kurtuazja
(uncountable) Polite behavior.

courthouse courthouses n
gmach sądu
A public building housing courts of law.

courtier /ˈko(ː)ɹtiɚ/ /ˈkoətɪə/ /ˈkɔɹtiɚ/ /ˈkɔːtɪə/ courtiers n
dworzanin dworka dwórka
A person in attendance at a royal court.
pochlebca przydupas
A person who flatters in order to seek favour.

courtroom courtrooms n
sala rozpraw sala sądowa
The room where a judge presides over hearings and trials, sometimes with a jury.

courtship /ˈkɔɹt.ʃɪp/ /ˈkɔːt.ʃɪp/ courtships n
zaloty konkury
The act of wooing a person to enter into a romantic relationship or marriage; hence, the period during which a couple fall in love before their marriage.

courtship display courtship displays n
tok

courtyard /ˈkɔɹt.jɑɹd/ /ˈkɔːt.jɑːd/ courtyards n
podwórze dwór dziedziniec
An area, open to the sky, partially or wholly surrounded by walls or buildings.

couscous /ˈkus.kus/ /ˈkuːs.kuːs/ /ˈkʊs.kʊs/ couscouses n
kuskus
A pasta of North African origin made of crushed and steamed semolina.

cousin /ˈkʌz(ə)n/ /ˈkʌzn̩/ /ˈkʌzɪn/ [ˈkʰɐz.ɹ̩n] cousins n
kuzyn kuzynka
(specifically) When used without a qualifying word: the child of a person's parent's brother (that is, an uncle) or sister (an aunt); a cousin-german, a first cousin.

cousinship /ˈkʌzənˌʃɪp/ cousinships n
kuzynostwo
The state of being cousins, or the relationship that exists among cousins.

covalent bond /koʊveɪlənt bɒnd/ covalent bonds n
wiązanie kowalencyjne
(chemistry) A type of chemical bond where two atoms are connected to each other by the sharing of two or more electrons.

covariance /koʊˈvæɹ.i.əns/ /kəʉˈveː.ɹi.əns/ /kəʊˈvɛː.ɹi.əns/ /ˈkoʊˈvɛɹ.i.əns/ covariances n
kowariancja
(statistics) A statistical measure defined as \scriptstyle\operatorname{Cov}(X, Y) = \operatorname{E}((X - \mu) (Y - \nu)) given two real-valued random variables X and Y, with expected values \scriptstyle E(X)\,=\,\mu and \scriptstyle E(Y)\,=\,\nu.
(object-oriented programming) The conversion of data types from wider to narrower in certain situations.

cove /koʊv/ /kəʊv/ coves n
facet
(British, dated, informal, thieves' cant, Lewis) A fellow; a man.
zatoczka
A small coastal inlet, especially one having high cliffs protecting vessels from prevailing winds. [from 16th c.]

covenant /ˈkʌv.nənt/ /ˈkʌv.ən.ənt/ covenants n
umowa ugoda
A pact or binding agreement between two or more parties.

covenant /ˈkʌv.nənt/ /ˈkʌv.ən.ənt/ v
umówić się
To enter into, or promise something by, a covenant.
zawrzeć umowę
(legal) To enter a formal agreement.

coventrate v
kowentrykacja
(transitive) To devastate by heavy bombing.

cover /ˈkʌvə/ /ˈkʌvɚ/ adj
okładkowy
Of or pertaining to the front cover of a book or magazine.

cover /ˈkʌvə/ /ˈkʌvɚ/ covers n
wieko przykrycie
A lid.
przykrycie przykrywka ukrycie
(uncountable) Area or situation which screens a person or thing from view.
The portion of a slate, tile, or shingle that is hidden by the overlap of the course above.
kapa narzuta pościel
The top sheet of a bed.
napiwek wliczony
A cover charge.
nakrycie przykrycie przykrywka ukrycie
A setting at a restaurant table or formal dinner.
okładka
(music) A new performance or rerecording of a previously recorded song; a cover version; a cover song.

cover /ˈkʌvə/ /ˈkʌvɚ/ v
okrywać okryć osłaniać osłonić przykrywać przykryć
(transitive) To place something over or upon, as to conceal or protect.
(transitive) To be over or upon, as to conceal or protect.
pokrywać
To be enough money for.
kryć okrywać okryć osłaniać osłonić przykrywać
(military, law enforcement) To protect using an aimed firearm and the threat of firing; or to protect using continuous, heaving fire at or in the direction of the enemy so as to force the enemy to remain in cover; or to threaten using an aimed firearm.
kryć
To copulate with (said of certain male animals such as dogs and horses).

cover letter cover letters n
list motywacyjny
A letter or written communication that serves to introduce an accompanying document; especially, a letter that introduces a résumé or curriculum vitae.

cover up v
tuszować zatuszować zatuszowywać
(idiomatic) To conceal or disguise.

cover version cover versions n
cover
(music) A version of a song that is a new performance or rerecording of that song by a different artist.

cover-up cover-ups n
zatuszowanie
An attempt to conceal or disguise something, especially a wrongdoing or a mistake.

coverall /ˈkʌv.ə.ɹɔːl/ /ˈkʌv.ɚ.ɑl/ /ˈkʌv.ɚ.ɔl/ coveralls n
kombinezon
(chiefly, US) A loose-fitting jumpsuit-style protective garment worn over other clothing.

covert /koʊˈvɜɹt/ /ˈkoʊvəɹt/ /ˈkəʊvəːt/ /ˈkʌvə/ /ˈkʌvət/ /ˈkʌvəɹ/ /ˈkʌvəɹt/ more covert most covert adj
potajemny ukradkowy
(figuratively) Secret, surreptitious, concealed.

covet /ˈkʌvɪt/ v
pożądać
(transitive) To wish for with eagerness; to desire possession of, often enviously.

covidiot /ˌkoʊˈvɪd.i.ət/ /ˌkɒvˈɪd.i.ət/ covidiots n
covidiota covidiotka
(pejorative, jocular, neologism) A person who is foolishly reckless with respect to avoiding contracting or spreading COVID-19.

cow /kaʊ/ /ɘ kaʊ/ cattle cows kine n
krowa
(biology) A female member of other large species of mammal, including the bovines, moose, whales, seals, hippos, rhinos, manatees, and elephants.
(derogatory, UK, AU, informal) A woman considered unpleasant in some way, particularly one considered nasty, stupid, fat, lazy, or difficult.

cow chip cow chips n
krowi placek
A piece of dried cow dung, used especially as fuel in the Third World and by early North American settlers.

cow parsley n
trybula leśna
Anthriscus sylvestris, a weedy biennial umbellifer native to the Old World.

cow-wheat cow-wheats n
pszeniec
Any of several flowering plants in the genus Melampyrum.

coward /ˈkaʊəd/ /ˈkaʊɚd/ cowards n
tchórz strachajło bojaźliwiec
A person who lacks courage.

cowardice /ˈkaʊə(ɹ)daɪs/ /ˈkaʊədɪs/ /ˈkaʊɚdɪs/ cowardices n
tchórzostwo bojaźliwość tchórzliwość
Lack of courage.

cowardly /ˈkaʊədli/ cowardlier cowardliest more cowardly most cowardly adj
tchórzliwy
Showing cowardice; lacking in courage; weakly fearful.

cowbane /ˈkaʊbeɪn/ cowbanes n
szalej
Any of several related poisonous plants of the genus Cicuta
szalej jadowity cykuta szalej wiech wioch
Cicuta virosa, type species of this genus.

cowbell /ˈkaʊˌbɛl/ cowbells n
krowi dzwonek
(musical instruments) A musical instrument, typically found without a clapper.

cowbird cowbirds n
starzyk
Any bird of the genus Molothrus. The cowbirds are brood parasites.

cowboy /ˈkaʊˌbɔɪ/ cowboys n
kowboj kowboje kowbojka kowbojki
A man who tends free-range cattle, especially in the American West.

cowboy shot cowboy shots n
plan amerykański
(cinema) A shot framed to include a region from the actor's head to mid-thigh.

cower /ˈkaʊə/ /ˈkaʊɚ/ v
kulić się przycupnąć skulać się skulić się
(intransitive) To crouch or cringe, or to avoid or shy away from something, in fear.

cowgirl position cowgirl positions n
na jeźdźca
(idiomatic) A sex position in which the man lies on his back, and the woman sits on top of him facing him.

cowlick /ˈkaʊˌlɪk/ /ˈkælɪk/ cowlicks n
kosmyk
An unruly lock or section of hair that sticks straight out from the skull or lies at an angle at odds with the rest of an individual's hair, like a whorl or vortex.

coworker /ˈkoʊˈwɝ.kɚ/ /ˈkəʊˈwɜː.kə/ coworkers n
współpracownik kolega z pracy koleżanka z pracy
Somebody with whom one works.

cowpat cowpats n
krowi placek
A dropping of cow dung.

cowpie cowpies n
krowi placek
A single pile of cow excrement.

cowpox cowpoxes n
krowianka
A pustular, eruptive skin disease of cattle caused by an Orthopoxvirus, with lesions occurring principally on the udder and teats. Human infection may occur from touching cows, and gives immunity to smallpox.

cowrie /ˈkaʊ.ɹi/ cowries n
kauri
(by extension, dated) Any gastropod of the genus Cypraea; its shell.

cowshed cowsheds n
obora
A shed for keeping cows.

coxal adj
biodrowy
(anatomy) sciatic (relating to the hip)

coyote /kaɪˈ(j)oʊ.ɾi/ /kɔɪˈ(j)əʊt(ɪ)/ /kəˈjoʊ.ɾi/ /ˈkaɪ.(j)oʊt/ coyotes n
kojot
Canis latrans, a species of canine native to North America.

coypu /ˈkɔɪ.pu/ coypu coypus n
nutria
A large, crepuscular, semiaquatic rodent (Myocastor coypus) resembling a large rat, having bright orange-yellow incisors, native to South America and introduced to Europe, Asia and North America, valued for its fur in eastern Europe and central Asia and considered a pest elsewhere.

crab /kɹæb/ crabs n
krab
(uncountable) The meat of this crustacean, served as food; crabmeat.
opryskliwy
A bad-tempered person.

crab cake crab cakes n
ciastko z krabem
A type of fishcake popular in the United States composed of crab meat and various other ingredients such as bread crumbs, milk, mayonnaise, eggs and seasonings.

crab louse crab lice n
menda mendoweszka wesz łonowa
A parasitic insect, Pthirus pubis, that lives amongst the pubic hairs of humans and feeds on blood.

crab plover crab plovers n
krabojad krabożer
Any of species Dromas ardeola, sole member of the family Dromadidae.

crab-eating fox crab-eating foxes n
lis krabojad majkong
A medium-sized canid of species Cerdocyon thous, endemic to central South America.

crabs /kɹæbz/ n
wesz łonowa
(slang) pubic lice

crack /kɹæk/ cracks n
pęknięcie
A thin and usually jagged space opened in a previously solid material.
szparka
(slang) Crack cocaine, a potent, relatively cheap, addictive variety of cocaine; often a rock, usually smoked through a crack-pipe.
(Northern England, Scotland, Ireland) Business; events; news.
(hydrodynamics, US, dated) An expanding circle of white water surrounding the site of a large explosion at shallow depth, marking the progress of the shock wave through the air above the water.A nuclear explosion in shallow water; the crack is clearly visible on the water's surface.
trzask
(onomatopoeia) The sharp sound made when solid material breaks.
(onomatopoeia) Any sharp sound.

crack up /ˈkɹæk ˈʌp/ v
pękać ze śmiechu
(idiomatic, transitive) To cause to laugh heartily.

cracker /ˈkɹækə(ɹ)/ crackers n
krakers
A dry, thin, crispy baked bread (usually salty or savoury, but sometimes sweet, as in the case of graham crackers and animal crackers).
haker
(computing) One who cracks (i.e. overcomes) computer software or security restrictions.
białas
(US, derogatory, racial slur, offensive) An impoverished white person from the southeastern United States, originally associated with Georgia and parts of Florida; (by extension) any white person.

crackhead /ˈkɹæk.hɛd/ crackheads n
kokainista kokainistka
(pejorative, slang) A person who is addicted to or regularly uses crack cocaine.

crackpot /ˈkɹæk.pɒt/ crackpots n
świr
(informal) An eccentric, crazy or foolish person.

cradle /ˈkɹeɪdəl/ cradles n
kołyska kolebka
A bed or cot for a baby, oscillating on rockers or swinging on pivots.
(figuratively) Infancy, or very early life.
kolebka kołyska
(figuratively) The place of origin, or in which anything is nurtured or protected in the earlier period of existence.
widełki
An implement consisting of a broad scythe for cutting grain, with a set of long fingers parallel to the scythe, designed to receive the grain, and to lay it evenly in a swath.
A rest for the receiver of a telephone, or for certain computer hardware.

cradle cap cradle caps n
ciemieniucha
(medicine, pathology) A form of seborrheic dermatitis that occurs on the scalps of infants, causing scaly, flaky, itchy, red skin.

craft /kɹæft/ /kɹɐːft/ /kɹɑːft/ craft crafts n
rzemiosło
(countable, plural crafts) A branch of skilled work or trade, especially one requiring manual dexterity or artistic skill, but sometimes applied equally to any business, calling or profession; the skilled practice of a practical occupation [since the 9th century].

craftsman craftsmen n
rzemieślnik
One who is highly skilled at one's trade; an artisan or artificer.

craftsmanship craftsmanships n
rzemieślnictwo rzemiosło
The quality of being a craftsman.

crafty /ˈkɹæfti/ /ˈkɹɑːfti/ craftier craftiest adj
chytry podstępny przebiegły
Skillful at deceiving others.

crag /kɹæɡ/ crags n
grań skała
(Northern England) A rocky outcrop; a rugged steep cliff or rock.

craggy /ˈkɹæɡ.i/ craggier craggiest adj
skalisty
Characterized by rugged, sharp, or coarse features.

cram school cram schools n
kursy
(education) A specialized school that trains students to meet particular goals, most commonly to pass the entrance examinations of high schools or universities.

cramp /kɹæmp/ cramps n
skurcz kurcz
A painful contraction of a muscle which cannot be controlled.

cramped /kɹæmpt/ more cramped most cramped adj
ciasny
Uncomfortably restricted in size or space, or financially.

crampon /ˈkɹæmpɑn/ /ˈkɹæmpən/ crampons n
rak
An attachment to a shoe or boot that provides traction by means of spikes. Used for climbing or walking on slippery surfaces, especially ice.

cranberry /ˈkræn.b(ə).ri/ /ˈkræn.bɛr.i/ cranberries n
żurawina
(countable) The edible red berry of that shrub.

cranberry juice cranberry juices n
sok żurawinowy
The unfermented juice of squeezed cranberries, often mixed with water and a sweetener, used as a beverage.

crane /kɹeɪn/ cranes n
żuraw
Any bird of the family Gruidae, large birds with long legs and a long neck which is extended during flight.
żuraw dźwig
A mechanical lifting machine or device, often used for lifting heavy loads for industrial or construction purposes.

crane operator crane operators n
dźwigowy operator dźwigu

cranefly /ˈkɹeɪnˌflaɪ/ craneflies n
komarnica koziułka pytloch
Any of various large flies of the suborder Tipulomorpha that have slender bodies and very long legs and that resemble giant mosquitoes.

cranesbill cranesbills n
bodziszek geranium
Any flowering plant of the genus Geranium found throughout the temperate zone.

cranial /ˈkɹeɪ.ni.əl/ adj
czaszkowy
(anatomy) Of or relating to the cranium, or to the skull.

cranial nerve cranial nerves n
nerw czaszkowy
(neuroanatomy) Any of the twelve paired nerves that originate from the brainstem or base of the brain instead of the spinal cord.

craniotomy craniotomies n
kraniotomia
(surgery) The surgical procedure for removing a part of the skull, called a bone flap, prior to a treatment. The bone flap is replaced at the end of the operation.

cranium /ˈkɹeɪ.ni.əm/ crania craniums n
mózgoczaszka
(skeleton) That part of the skull consisting of the bones enclosing the brain, but not including the bones of the face or jaw.

crankless adj
bezkorbowy

crap /kɹæp/ interjection
kurde
(slang, often, _, vulgar) Expression of worry, fear, shock, surprise, disgust, annoyance, or dismay.

crap /kɹæp/ craps n
badziewie dziadostwo szajs
(slang, mildly, vulgar, uncountable) Something worthless or of poor quality; junk.
pierdoły
(slang, mildly, vulgar, uncountable) Nonsense; something untrue.
gówno łajno
(slang, mildly, vulgar) Faeces/feces.

crappily more crappily most crappily adv
badziewnie

crappy /ˈkɹæpi/ crappier crappiest adj
badziewny
(chiefly, North America, colloquial, mildly, vulgar) Of very poor quality; unpleasant; distasteful.

craquelure /kɹæk.əˈljʊə/ /kɹæk.əˈljʊɹ/ /kɹæk.əˈlʊə/ /kɹæk.əˈlʊɹ/ craquelures n
krakelura
(arts) The distinctive pattern of hairline cracks in the surface of an old painting.

crash /kɹæʃ/ crashes n
grzmot trzask
A sudden, intense, loud sound, as made for example by cymbals.
kraksa wypadek
An automobile, airplane, or other vehicle accident.
awaria zwiecha
(computing) A malfunction of computer software or hardware which causes it to shut down or become partially or totally inoperable.
krach
(finance) A sudden large decline of business or the prices of stocks (especially one that causes additional failures).

crash /kɹæʃ/ v
crashować scrashować wykrzaczać wykrzaczyć
(computing, hardware, software, intransitive) To terminate or halt execution due to an exception.

crash barrier crash barriers n
bariera energochłonna
A barrier on the side of a road, to keep vehicles on the road.

crash course crash courses n
kurs błyskawiczny kurs na zderzenie
(idiomatic) A quick, intense course of learning, especially one which is informal or hurried.

crass /kɹæs/ crasser crassest adj
prostacki chamski
Coarse; crude; unrefined or insensitive; lacking discrimination (in the third sense of the word).

crater /ˈkɹeɪ.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈkɹeɪ.tɚ/ craters n
krater
(astronomy) A hemispherical pit created by the impact of a meteorite or other object. [from 1831]
(geology) The basin-like opening or mouth of a volcano, through which the chief eruption comes; similarly, the mouth of a geyser, about which a cone of silica is often built up. [from 1610s]
The pit left by the explosion of a mine or bomb. [from 1839]

craton /ˈkreɪtɒn/ /ˈkreɪtən/ /ˈkrætɒn/ cratons n
kraton
A part of the Earth’s crust that has survived the splitting and merging of continents.

cravat /kɹəˈvat/ /kɹəˈvæt/ cravats n
fular
A wide fabric band worn as a necktie by men having long ends hanging in front.

crave /kɹeɪv/ v
pożądać pragnąć
(ambitransitive) To desire strongly, so as to satisfy an appetite; to long or yearn for.
błagać
(transitive) To ask for earnestly; to beg; to claim.

craving /ˈkɹeɪ.vɪŋ/ cravings n
zachcianka żądza
A strong desire; yearning.

crawl /kɹoːl/ /kɹɑl/ /kɹɔl/ /kɹɔːl/ crawls n
kraul
A rapid swimming stroke with alternate overarm strokes and a fluttering kick.

crawl /kɹoːl/ /kɹɑl/ /kɹɔl/ /kɹɔːl/ v
czołgać się pełzać pełznąć raczkować
(intransitive) To creep; to move slowly on hands and knees, or by dragging the body along the ground.
czworakować raczkować
(transitive) To move over (an area) on hands and knees.

crawl space crawl spaces n
pomieszczenie pod budynkiem
(construction) A narrow opening underneath the bottom of a building or storey used to give access to pipes, cables and other utilities.

crawler crawlers n
pełzak
A child who is able to creep using its hands and knees but is not able to walk.

crayfish /ˈkɹeɪˌfɪʃ/ crayfish crayfishes n
rak
Any of numerous freshwater decapod crustaceans in superfamily Astacoidea or Parastacoidea, resembling the related lobster but usually much smaller.

crayon /ˈkɹaʊn/ /ˈkɹeɪ.ɑn/ /ˈkɹeɪ.ɒn/ /ˈkɹeɪ.ɒ̃/ /ˈkɹeɪ.ɔn/ /ˈkɹeɪ.ən/ /ˈkɹæn/ [ˈkɹeən] [ˈkɹæɔn] [ˈkɹɛɔn] crayons n
kredka kredka woskowa kredka świecowa świecówka
A stick of colored chalk or wax used for drawing.

craze /kɹeɪz/ crazes n
bzik fioł mania moda szał
A temporary passion or infatuation, as for some new amusement, pursuit, or fashion; a fad.

craze /kɹeɪz/ v
popękać
(transitive, intransitive) To crack, as the glazing of porcelain or pottery.

crazed /kɹeɪzd/ more crazed most crazed adj
spękany
Covered with cracks (generally applied to porcelain, plastics, and paints).

crazy /ˈkɹeɪ.zi/ /ˈkɹæɪ̯zi/ crazier craziest adj
szalony obłąkany
Of unsound mind; insane; demented. [from 17th c.]

crazy /ˈkɹeɪ.zi/ /ˈkɹæɪ̯zi/ more crazy most crazy adv
mega
(slang) Very, extremely.

crazy /ˈkɹeɪ.zi/ /ˈkɹæɪ̯zi/ crazies n
dziwak wariat świr
(slang, countable) An insane or eccentric person; a crackpot.

creak /kɹiːk/ v
trzeszczeć
(intransitive) To make a prolonged sharp grating or squeaking sound, as by the friction of hard substances.

cream /kɹiːm/ adj
kremowy
Cream-coloured; having a yellowish white colour.

cream /kɹiːm/ creams n
śmietanka śmietana
The butterfat/milkfat part of milk which rises to the top; this part when separated from the remainder.
kremowy krem
A yellowish white colour; the colour of cream.
krem
(medicine) A viscous aqueous oil/fat emulsion with a medicament added, used to apply that medicament to the skin. (compare with ointment)

cream /kɹiːm/ v
zmiażdżyć
(slang) To obliterate, to defeat decisively.

cream cheese cream cheeses n
serek śmietankowy
(countable, and, uncountable) A soft, mild-tasting, white cheese that comes from cow’s milk.

cream of the crop n
śmietanka
(idiom) The best or most desirable among some selection.

cream puff cream puffs n
ptyś
A light, hollow pastry typically filled with cream or custard.

cream-colored courser cream-colored coursers n
raczak zwyczajny
A wader, Cursorius cursor.

creamy /ˈkɹiːmi/ creamier creamiest adj
kremowy śmietankowy
Containing cream.
kremowy
Of food or drink, having the rich taste or thick, smooth texture of cream, whether or not it actually contains cream.
Having the colour of cream.

crease /kɹiːs/ creases n
fałda zmarszczka
A line or mark made by folding or doubling any pliable substance; hence, a similar mark, however produced.

crease /kɹiːs/ v
miąć bigować zbigować
(transitive) To make a crease in; to wrinkle.

creaser creasers n
bigówka

create /kɹiːˈeɪt/ v
tworzyć stworzyć
(especially, of a, god) To bring into existence out of nothing, without the prior existence of the materials or elements used.
(transitive) To bring into existence; (sometimes in particular:)

creation /kɹiːˈeɪʃən/ [kɹiːˈʲeɪʃɘn] creations n
wytwór
(countable) Something created such as an invention or artwork.
tworzenie kreacja
(uncountable) The act of creating something.
stworzenie
(uncountable) All which exists.

creationism /kɹiˈeɪʃənɪzəm/ creationisms n
kreacjonizm
Any creationary belief, especially a belief that the origin of things is due to an event or process of creation brought about by the deliberate act of any divine agency, such as a Creator God.

creationist creationists n
kreacjonista kreacjonistka
A proponent or supporter of creationism.

creative /kɹiˈeɪtɪv/ more creative most creative adj
twórczy
Tending to create things, or having the ability to create; often, excellently, in a novel fashion, or any or all of these.
kreatywny twórczy
(of a created thing) Original, expressive and imaginative.

creative accounting n
kreatywna księgowość
(business, euphemistic, sometimes, humorous) Financial accounting practices which are usually not explicitly illegal, but which are unorthodox, imaginative, usually misleading, and of questionable ethics.

creative work creative works n
dzieło utwór
(chiefly, copyright) A tangible manifestation of creative effort, such as literature, music, paintings, and software.

creativity /-ɾi/ /kɹieɪˈtɪvəti/ /kɹieɪˈtɪvɪti/ creativities n
kreatywność twórczość
The ability to use imagination to produce a novel idea or product.

creator /kɹiˈeɪtɚ/ /kɹiːˈeɪtə/ creators creatress creatrix n
twórca twórczyni
(social media) Ellipsis of content creator, someone who regularly produces and publishes content on social media, especially of a monetizable nature.

creature /kɹiːˈeɪtjʊə/ /ˈkɹiːt͡ʃə/ /ˈkɹiːt͡ʃɚ/ creatures n
stworzenie stwór istota
A living being, such as an animal, monster, or alien.

credibility /kɹɛd.ə.ˈbɪ.ɫɪ.ti/ credibilities n
wiarygodność
Reputation impacting one's ability to be believed.
(legal) Believability of statements by a witness, as measured by whether the testimony is probable or improbable when judged by common experience.

credibly more credibly most credibly adv
wiarygodnie
In a credible manner; believably.

credit /ˈkɹɛdɪt/ credits n
uznanie
(uncountable) Recognition, respect and admiration.
(countable) Acknowledgement of a contribution, especially in the performing arts.
A nominal unit of value assigned outside of a currency system.
kredyt
(uncountable, law, business, finance) A privilege of delayed payment extended to a buyer or borrower on the seller's or lender's belief that what is given will be repaid.
(accounting) An addition to certain accounts; the side of an account on which payments received are entered.

credit card credit cards n
karta kredytowa
(banking) A plastic card, usually with a magnetic strip or an embedded microchip, connected to a credit account and used to buy goods or services.

credit note credit notes n
nota kredytowa
A commercial document issued by a seller to adjust downwards the amount of an invoice already issued, i.e. to cancel part or all of it.

credit rating credit ratings n
rating zdolność kredytowa
(finance) An estimate, based on a company, government or person's history of borrowing and repayment or available financial resources, that is used by creditors to determine the maximum amount of credit that can be extended without undue risk.

credit risk credit risks n
ryzyko kredytowe
(finance) The risk of loss due to a debtor's non-payment or delayed payment of a financial obligation, such as an account payable, a loan or other line of credit.

credit where credit's due phraseologicalUnit
uznanie, gdy się należy
Used to justly praise someone for their achievement or contribution.

creditor creditors n
wierzyciel
(finance) A person to whom a debt is owed.

creditworthiness n
wiarygodność kredytowa
(finance) The property of being creditworthy.

credo /ˈkɹeɪdoʊ/ /ˈkɹeɪdəʊ/ /ˈkɹidoʊ/ /ˈkɹidəʊ/ credoes credos n
credo kredo
A statement of a belief or a summary statement of a whole belief system; also (metonymically) the belief or belief system itself.

credulous /ˈkɹɛdjələs/ /ˈkɹɛd͡ʒələs/ more credulous most credulous adj
łatwowierny
Excessively ready to believe things; gullible.

creep out v
przyprawiać o ciarki przyprawić o ciarki
(informal, transitive) To make uncomfortable or afraid; to give someone the creeps.

creeper /ˈkɹipɚ/ creepers n
pnącze rośliny pnące
Any plant (as ivy or periwinkle) that grows by creeping, especially a climbing plant of the genus Parthenocissus.

creepypasta /ˈkɹiː.piˌpeɪ.stə/ /ˈkɹiː.piˌpæs.tə/ /ˈkɹiː.piˌpɑː.stə/ creepypastas n
creepypasta

cremate /kɹəˈmeɪt/ /kɹɪˈmeɪt/ /ˈkɹimeɪt/ v
kremować skremować
(transitive) To incinerate a dead body (as an alternative to burial).

cremation /kɹɪˈmeɪʃən/ cremations n
kremacja ciałopalenie
A burning; especially the act or practice of cremating the dead, burning a corpse.

crematorium /kɹiːməˈtɔːɹi.əm/ /kɹɛməˈtɔːɹɪəm/ crematoria crematoriums n
krematorium
A place where the bodies of dead people are cremated.

crenel /ˈkɹɛnəl/ creneaux crenels n
miedza
The space between merlons in a crenelated battlement.

creole /ˈkɹi.əʊl/ /ˈkɹioʊl/ creoles n
język kreolski
(linguistics) A language formed from two or more languages which has developed from a pidgin to become a first language.

creolistics n
kreolistyka
(linguistics) The branch of linguistics concerned with the study of creole languages and literatures.

crepe /kɹeɪp/ /kɹɛp/ crepes n
naleśnik crêpe
A soft thin light fabric with a crinkled surface.
Crepe paper; thin, crinkled tissue paper.

crepuscular ray crepuscular rays n
śreżoga
A sunbeam seen just after sunset or just before sunrise, caused by a cloud below the horizon and dust particles in the air above the horizon.

crescendo /kɹəˈʃɛn.doʊ/ /kɹəˈʃɛn.dəʊ/ /kɹɪˈʃɛn.doʊ/ /kɹɪˈʃɛn.dəʊ/ crescendi crescendoes crescendos n
crescendo
(music) An instruction to play gradually more loudly, denoted by a long, narrow angle with its apex on the left ( < ), by musicians called a hairpin.

crescent /ˈkɹɛ.sənt/ /ˈkɹɛ.zənt/ crescents n
półksiężyc
The figure of the moon as it appears between its first or last quarter and the new moon, with concave and convex edges terminating in points.
półksiężyc hilal
(Islam) A representation of a crescent, used as a symbol of Islam.
rogal
A curved pastry.

crescent moon crescent moons n
pierwsza kwadra
The Moon as it appears early in its first quarter or late in its last quarter, when only a small arc-shaped section of the visible portion is illuminated by the Sun.

cress /kɹɛs/ cresses n
rzeżucha
(plants) A plant of various species, chiefly cruciferous. The leaves have a moderately pungent taste, and are used as a salad and antiscorbutic.

cresset /ˈkɹɛsɪt/ cressets n
kaganek kaganiec
(coopering) A small furnace or iron cage to hold fire for charring the inside of a cask, and making the staves flexible.

crest /kɹɛst/ crests n
klejnot
(heraldry) A bearing worn, not upon the shield, but usually on a helmet above it, sometimes (as for clerics) separately above the shield or separately as a mark for plate, in letterheads, and the like.

crested honey buzzard crested honey buzzards n
trzmielojad czubaty
Pernis ptilorhynchus, is a bird of prey in the family Accipitridae.

crested lark crested larks n
dzierlatka
A small, non-migratory lark found throughout most of temperate Eurasia (Galerida cristata).

crested tit crested tits n
sikora czubatka czubatka czubatka europejska sikora czubata
Lophophanes cristatus, a small bird of the tit family Paridae, with an erectile crest, the tip of which is often recurved.

crestfallen /ˈkɹɛstfɑlən/ /ˈkɹɛstfɔlən/ /ˈkɹɛstfɔːlən/ more crestfallen most crestfallen adj
frasobliwy strapiony zafrasowany zmartwiony
Sad because of a disappointment.

cretic /ˈkɹiː.tɪk/ cretics n
amfimacer amfimakr

cretin /ˈkɹiːtɪn/ /ˈkɹɛtɪn/ cretins n
kretyn
(pathology) A person who fails to develop mentally and physically due to a congenital hypothyroidism. [from 1779]
kretyn kretynka
(by extension, pejorative) An idiot.

cretinism cretinisms n
kretynizm
(disease) A condition of severely stunted physical and mental growth due to the untreated congenital deficiency of thyroid hormones.

cretonne cretonnes n
kreton
A strong, heavy fabric of cotton, linen or rayon, used to make curtains and upholstery.

crevice /ˈkɹɛvɪs/ crevices n
rysa szczelina szpara
A narrow crack or fissure, as in a rock or wall.

crew /kɹu/ /kɹuː/ [kɹuʊ̯] crews n
banda
(informal, often, derogatory) A close group of friends.
(obsolete) Any company of people; an assemblage; a throng.
A group of people working together on a task.
załoga ekwipaż banda ekipa
A group of people (often staff) manning and operating a large facility or piece of equipment such as a factory, ship, boat, airplane, or spacecraft.

crew cut crew cuts n
jeżyk
A closely-cropped male haircut in which the hairs stick upward, like the short bristles of a brush.

crib /kɹɪb/ cribs n
kojec
(US) A baby’s bed with high, often slatted, often moveable sides, suitable for a child who has outgrown a cradle or bassinet.
żłób
A manger, a feeding trough for animals elevated off the earth or floor, especially one for fodder such as hay.
ściąga ściągawka
(usually, in the plural) A collection of quotes or references for use in speaking, for assembling a written document, or as an aid to a project of some sort; a crib sheet.
chata
(slang, sometimes, AAVE) One’s residence, house or dwelling place, or usual place of resort.

crib death crib deaths n
śmierć łóżeczkowa
(pathology, US) The unexplained death of a baby usually while sleeping.

cricket /ˈkɹɪkɪt/ n
świerszcz
An insect in the order Orthoptera, especially family Gryllidae, that makes a chirping sound by rubbing its wing casings against combs on its hind legs.
krykiet
A variant of the game of darts. See Cricket (darts).

cricothyrotomy cricothyrotomies n
konikotomia krikotyreotomia
(surgery) An incision made through the skin and cricothyroid membrane to establish a patent airway during certain life-threatening situations, such as airway obstruction by a foreign body, angioedema, or massive facial trauma.

crime /kɹaɪm/ crimes n
przestępstwo zbrodnia
(countable) A specific act committed in violation of the law.

crime against humanity crimes against humanity n
zbrodnia przeciwko ludzkości
(now, chiefly, legal) A very destructive and immoral act; later specifically, something causing widespread human misery or loss of life; an atrocity. [from 17th c.]

crime against nature crimes against nature n
zbrodnia przeciwko naturze
(legal) Any of various sexual deviations that, at one time or another, have been considered to be so unnatural as to be illegal.

crime doesn't pay /kɹaɪm ˈdʌzˌənt peɪ/ proverb
winie depcze po piętach kara zbrodnia nie popłaca
If you commit a crime you will most likely be punished for it.

crime scene crime scenes n
miejsce zbrodni
The location of a crime, especially one at which forensic evidence is collected in a controlled manner.

criminal /ˈkɹɪm.ə.nəl/ /ˈkɹɪm.ɪ.nəl/ more criminal most criminal adj
kryminalny przestępczy
Against the law; forbidden by law.

criminal /ˈkɹɪm.ə.nəl/ /ˈkɹɪm.ɪ.nəl/ criminals n
przestępca przestępczyni kryminalista zbrodniarz kryminalistka zbrodniarka
A person who is guilty of a crime, notably breaking the law.

criminal code criminal codes n
kodeks karny
(legal) A document which compiles all, or a significant amount of, a particular jurisdiction's criminal law.

criminal law criminal laws n
prawo karne
(legal) The area of law pertaining to crime and punishment.

criminal offense criminal offenses n
przestępstwo karne
(law) (This entry is a translation hub.)

criminal record criminal records n
karalność dotychczasowa karalność uprzednia karalność wcześniejsza kryminalna przeszłość
A record of past crimes of which an individual has been convicted.

criminality criminalities n
przestępczość
(uncountable) The state of being criminal.

criminological more criminological most criminological adj
kryminologiczny
Of or pertaining to criminology.

criminologist /ˈkɹɪm.ɪn.ɒl.ə.dʒɪst/ criminologists n
kryminolog
A person who is skilled in, or practices criminology

criminology criminologies n
kryminologia
The study of crime and criminals, especially their behaviour.

crimping tool crimping tools n
zaciskarka

crimson /ˈkɹɪmsən/ /ˈkɹɪmzən/ more crimson most crimson adj
karmazynowy
Having a deep red colour.

crimson /ˈkɹɪmsən/ /ˈkɹɪmzən/ crimsons n
karmazyn
A deep, slightly bluish red.

cringeworthiness n
cringe
The property of being cringeworthy; awkwardness or embarrassment which causes an onlooker to cringe.

cringeworthy /ˈkɹɪndʒˌwɜːð.i/ /ˈkɹɪnd͡ʒˌwɝð.i/ more cringeworthy most cringeworthy adj
zawstydzający żenujący
(colloquial) That causes one to cringe with embarrassment; embarrassing.

cringle cringles n
luwers
(nautical) A short piece of rope, arranged as a grommet around a metal ring, used to attach tackle to a sail etc.

crinoid /ˈkɹɪnɔɪd/ /ˈkɹʌɪnɔɪd/ crinoids n
liliowiec
One of the numerous animals that make up the class Crinoidea; the feather stars or sea lilies.

crinoline /ˈkɹɪnəlɪn/ crinolines n
krynolina
A stiff petticoat made from this fabric.

cripple /ˈkɹɪp(ə)l/ adj
kaleki
(now, _, rare, dated) crippled

cripple /ˈkɹɪp(ə)l/ cripples n
kaleka
(sometimes, _, offensive) A person who has severely impaired physical abilities because of deformation, injury, or amputation of parts of the body.

cripple /ˈkɹɪp(ə)l/ v
okaleczyć
To make someone a cripple; to cause someone to become physically impaired.

crisis /ˈkɹaɪsɪs/ crises n
kryzys
A crucial or decisive point or situation; a turning point.
An unstable situation, in political, social, economic or military affairs, especially one involving an impending abrupt change.
(medicine) A sudden change in the course of a disease, usually at which point the patient is expected to either recover or die.
(psychology) A traumatic or stressful change in a person's life.
(drama) A point in a drama at which a conflict reaches a peak before being resolved.

crisisless adj
bezkryzysowy
Without crises

cristobalite cristobalites n
krystobalit
(mineral) A mineral of volcanic rocks that solidified at a high temperature. Cristobalite is chemically identical to quartz, with the chemical formula SiO2, but has a different crystal structure. Crystals are always microscopic, and usually form small rounded masses.

criterion /kɹaɪˈtɪə.ɹi.ən/ /kɹaɪˈtɪɹ.i.ən/ /kɹɪˈtɪəɹi.ən/ criteria n
kryterium
A standard or test by which individual things or people may be compared and judged.

critic /ˈkɹɪt.ɪk/ critics n
krytyk krytyczka
A person who appraises the works of others.
A specialist in judging works of art.
One who criticizes; a person who finds fault.

critical /ˈkɹɪt.ɪ.kəl/ [ˈkɹɪɾ.ɪ.kəl] more critical most critical adj
arcyważny
Extremely important.

critical angle critical angles n
kąt graniczny
(aviation) The angle of attack beyond which an airfoil stalls, experiencing a decrease in lift and increase in drag due to separation of airflow from the upper surface of the airfoil.

critical apparatus n
aparat krytyczny
The critical and primary source material that accompanies an edition of a text.

critical mass critical masses n
masa krytyczna
(nuclear physics) The amount of fissile material needed to support a self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction.

critical thinking n
myślenie krytyczne
The application of logical principles, rigorous standards of evidence, and careful reasoning to the analysis and discussion of claims, beliefs, and issues.

criticism /ˈkɹɪtɪsɪzəm/ criticisms n
krytyka
(uncountable) The act of criticising; a critical judgment passed or expressed

criticize /ˈkɹɪtɪsaɪz/ v
krytykować
To find fault (with something).
oceniać
To evaluate (something), assessing its merits and faults.

critique /kɹɪˈtik/ /kɹɪˈtiːk/ critiques n
krytyka recenzja
(countable) An essay in which another piece of work is criticised, reviewed, etc.

critter /ˈkɹɪtə/ /ˈkɹɪtɚ/ critters n
futrzak stworzonko
(usually, affectionate) A creature, an animal.

croak /kɹoʊk/ /kɹəʊk/ croaks n
rechot
The call of a frog or toad. (see also ribbit)

croak /kɹoʊk/ /kɹəʊk/ v
rechotać kumkać
(intransitive, of a frog, toad, raven, or various other birds or animals) To make its sound.
zabić
To complain; especially, to grumble; to forebode evil; to utter complaints or forebodings habitually.

crochet /kɹoʊˈʃeɪ/ crochets n
szydełkowanie
Needlework made by looping thread with a hooked needle.

crochet /kɹoʊˈʃeɪ/ v
szydełkować
(ambitransitive) To make (a piece of) needlework using a hooked needle; to make interlocking loops of thread.

crochet hook crochet hooks n
szydełko
A needle with a small hook at one end, used to make crochetwork (a type of hand-knitted textile).

crock /kɹɒk/ crocks n
garnek
A stoneware or earthenware jar or storage container.
skorupa
A piece of broken pottery, a shard.
chabeta szkapa
(UK) An old or broken-down vehicle (and formerly a horse or ewe).

crockery /ˈkrɒkɹi/ /ˈkɹɑk(ə)ɹi/ /ˈkɹɒkəɹi/ crockeries n
zastawa stołowa
Crocks or earthenware vessels, especially domestic utensils, collectively.
porcelana stołowa
Dishes, plates, and similar tableware collectively, usually made of some ceramic material, used for serving food on and eating from.

crocket crockets n
żabka
(architectural element) Any of a series of hook-shaped decorative floral elements used in Gothic architecture.

crocodile /ˈkɹɑkədaɪl/ /ˈkɹɒkədaɪl/ [ˈkʰɹɑkədaɪɫ] crocodiles n
krokodyl
Any of the predatory amphibious reptiles of the family Crocodylidae; (loosely) a crocodilian, any species of the order Crocodilia, which also includes the alligators, caimans and gavials.

crocodile tear /ˈkɹɑkədaɪl ˌtɪɹ/ /ˈkɹɒkədaɪl ˌtɪə/ crocodile tears n
krokodyle łzy
(idiomatic, in the plural) A display of tears that is forced or false.

crocoite crocoites n
krokoit
(mineral) A rare red mineral; lead chromate, PbCrO4.

crocus /ˈkɹoʊ.kəs/ /ˈkɹəʊ.kəs/ croci crocus crocuses n
krokus szafran
A perennial flowering plant (of the genus Crocus in the Iridaceae family). Saffron is obtained from the stamens of Crocus sativus.

croissant /k(ɹ)waˈsɑ̃/ /k(ɹ)wɑˈsɑ̃/ /kwə-/ /kɹɘˈsɔnt/ /kɹə-/ /kɹəˈsɑnt/ /kɹəˈsɔnt/ /ˈk(ɹ)wæsɒ̃/ /ˈk(ɹ)wɑːsɒ̃/ /ˈk(ɹ)wʌsɒ̃/ croissants n
croissant rogalik
A flaky roll or pastry in a form of a crescent.

cromlech /ˈkɹɑmlɛk/ /ˈkɹɒmlɛk/ cromlechs n
kromlech
A dolmen or ancient underground tomb in Wales, usually made with stones disposed in a circular shape.

crone /kɹoʊn/ /kɹəʊn/ crones n
baba
An ugly, evil-looking, or frightening old woman; a hag.
(obsolete) An old man, especially one who talks and acts like an old woman.

cronyism /ˈkɹoʊniˌɪzəm/ /ˈkɹəʊnɪɪz(ə)m/ cronyisms n
kolesiostwo kumoterstwo
(originally, US, derogatory) Favouritism to friends without regard for their qualifications; especially (politics) , in their appointment to political positions.

crooked /ˈkɹʊkɪd/ more crooked most crooked adj
krzywy
Not straight; having one or more bends or angles.
Set at an angle; not vertical or square.

croon /krøn/ /krʏn/ /kɹun/ /kɹuːn/ v
nucić zanucić
To hum or sing (a song or tune), or to speak (words), softly in a low pitch or in a sentimental manner; specifically, to sing (a popular song) in a low, mellow voice.

crop /kɹɑp/ /kɹɒp/ crops n
roślina uprawna
(agriculture) A plant, especially a cereal, grown to be harvested as food, livestock fodder, or fuel or for any other economic purpose.
plon urodzaj
The natural production for a specific year, particularly of plants.
wysyp
(figurative) A group, cluster or collection of things occurring at the same time.
wole
(anatomy) A pouch-like part of the alimentary tract of some birds (and some other animals), used to store food before digestion or for regurgitation.

crop milk crop milks n
ptasie mleczko
A semi-solid substance, somewhat like pale yellow cottage cheese, secreted from the lining of the crop of (both male and female) pigeons and doves that is fed to their young (squabs) through regurgitation. An analog to crop milk is also secreted from the esophagus of flamingos and some penguins.

crop rotation crop rotations n
płodozmian
(agriculture) A farming practice in which the same land is used to grow different crops in successive seasons or years (when once the land would have been left fallow); used to prevent erosion and increase fertility.

crop-dusting crop-dustings n
agrolotnictwo
The application of fertilizers, pesticides, and fungicides onto crops from an aircraft

croquette /kɹoʊˈkɛt/ croquettes n
krokiet
(culinary) A minced, cooked food (usually meat or vegetables), which is deep-fried in fat and sometimes sprinkled with breadcrumbs.

crosier /ˈkɹoʊʒɚ/ /ˈkɹəʊzi.ə/ /ˈkɹəʊʒə/ crosiers n
pastorał
A staff with a hooked end similar to a shepherd's crook, or with a cross at the end, carried by an abbot, bishop, or archbishop as a symbol of office.

crosne /kɹoʊn/ crosnes n
czyściec bulwiasty

cross /kɹɑs/ /kɹɒs/ /kɹɔs/ crosses n
krzyż
A geometrical figure consisting of two straight lines or bars intersecting each other such that at least one of them is bisected by the other.
(heraldiccharge) Any geometric figure having this or a similar shape, such as a cross of Lorraine or a Maltese cross.
A wooden post with a perpendicular beam attached and used (especially in the Roman Empire) to execute criminals (by crucifixion).
(Christianity) The Crucifix, the cross on which Christ was crucified.
(figurative, from Christ's bearing of the cross) A difficult situation that must be endured.
A place where roads intersect and lead off in four directions; a crossroad (common in UK and Irish place names such as Gerrards Cross).
krzyż krzyżyk znak krzyża
(Christianity) A hand gesture made in imitation of the shape of the Cross; sign of the Cross.
krzyżówka
(biology) An animal or plant produced by crossbreeding or cross-fertilization.
cios prosty
(boxing) A hook thrown over the opponent's punch.

cross bearer cross bearers n
nosiciel krzyża

cross country cross countries cross countrys n
biegi przełajowe
(sports) A running sport popular in US high schools, colleges, etc., where participants race over varying terrain (e.g. golf courses, roads, etc.) in approximately 5- to 10-kilometre races. Abbreviated XC.

cross my heart and hope to die v
z ręką na sercu

cross one's fingers v
krzyżować palce skrzyżować palce
To put the middle finger across the index finger, especially:
trzymać kciuki
when wishing for luck, or

cross out v
skreślać skreślić
(idiomatic, transitive) To strike out; to draw a line through.

cross that bridge when one comes to it v
nie martwić się na zapas
(idiomatic) To deal with a problem or situation only if and when it arises.

cross the Rubicon v
przekroczyć Rubikon przekraczać Rubikon
(idiomatic) To make an irreversible decision or to take an action with consequences.

cross the line v
zapominać się zapomnieć się
(idiomatic) To overstep a boundary, rule, or limit; to go too far or do something unacceptable.

cross-belt sorter cross-belt sorters n
sortownik crossbelt

cross-country adj
biegowy
Relating to cross country racing.

cross-country skier cross-country skiers n
biegacz narciarski biegaczka narciarska
(skiing) A skier who participates in cross-country skiing.

cross-country skiing n
biegi narciarskie
(sports) An endurance sport and method of getting about involving travelling on skis, uphill as well as downhill .

cross-dress /ˈkɹɒsˈdɹɛs/ /ˈkɹɔsˈdɹɛs/ v
przebierać się
To wear clothes typically associated with the opposite sex.

cross-dresser /ˈkɹɑsˌdɹɛ.sɚ/ /ˈkɹɒsˌdɹɛ.sə/ /ˈkɹɔsˌdɹɛ.sɚ/ /ˌkɹɑsˈdɹɛ.sɚ/ /ˌkɹɔsˈdɹɛ.sɚ/ cross-dressers n
transwestyta transwestytka
A person who wears clothing which society considers appropriate only for members of the opposite sex.

cross-dressing v
crossdressing
wearing clothes of the opposite gender

cross-eyed more cross-eyed most cross-eyed adj
zezowaty

cross-legged adj
z założoną nogą na nogę ze skrzyżowanymi nogami
Having one ankle over and across the other, and the knees far apart.

cross-legged adv
po turecku
In a cross-legged position.

cross-reference cross-references n
odsyłacz,odnośnik, odpowiednik
A reference or direction in one place in a book or other source of information to information at another place in the same work.

cross-reference v
odniesienie odnośnik odpowiednik odsyłacz
(transitive) To provide something with a cross-reference.

crossbar crossbars n
poprzeczka
(sports) The top of the goal structure.
rama
The top tube of a bicycle frame.

crossbow /ˈkɹɒsbəʊ/ crossbows n
kusza samostrzał
A mechanised weapon, based on the bow and arrow, that shoots bolts.

crossbowman crossbowmen n
kusznik
Someone (usually a soldier) equipped with a crossbow.

crossbreed /ˈkɹɑːsˌbɹiːd/ v
krzyżować
(intransitive) To mate so as to produce a hybrid; interbreed.

crossbreeding crossbreedings n
krzyżowanie
The process or the result of crossbreeding.

crossfire /ˈkɹɒsfaɪə/ /ˈkɹɔːsfaɪɹ/ crossfires n
ogień krzyżowy
(military) Lines of fire from multiple positions that cross in a small region

crossguard crossguards n
garda jelec
A bar of metal, at right-angles, between the blade and the hilt of a sword that stops an opponent's blade from sliding down and injuring the hand of the person wielding the sword.

crosshatch crosshatches n
szrafowanie
A pattern of crossing lines.

crossing /ˈkɹɑsɪŋ/ /ˈkɹɒsɪŋ/ /ˈkɹɔsɪŋ/ /ˈkɹɔːsɪŋ/ crossings n
skrzyżowanie
An intersection where roads, lines, or tracks cross.

crossroads n
skrzyżowanie rozdroże rozstaj
(by analogy) A decision point; a turning point or opportunity to change direction, course, or goal.

crosstree crosstrees n
saling
(nautical) A light timber or metal spreader fixed athwartships part way up a mast to spread the shrouds from higher up

crossword /ˈkɹɒswɜː(ɹ)d/ crosswords n
krzyżówka
(games, puzzles) A word puzzle in which interlocking words are entered usually horizontally and vertically into a grid based on clues given for each word.

crostata crostatas crostate n
crostata

crotch /kɹɑt͡ʃ/ /kɹɒt͡ʃ/ crotches n
rozstaj rozwidlenie
The area where something forks or branches, a ramification takes place.
krocze krok
The ventral area (very bottom) of the human body between where the legs fork from the torso, in the area of the genitals and anus.

crotchet /ˈkɹɑt͡ʃ.ɪt/ /ˈkɹɒtʃ.ɪt/ crotchets n
ćwierćnuta
(music) A musical note one beat long in 4/4 time.

crotonic acid n
kwas krotonowy
(organic compound) An unsaturated organic acid, trans-CH3-CH=CH-COOH, found in croton oil and having many industrial uses; the cis- form is isocrotonic acid.

crouch /kɹaʊt͡ʃ/ v
podkurczać się podkurczyć się
(intransitive) To bend down; to stoop low; to stand close to the ground with legs bent, like an animal when waiting for prey, or someone in fear.

croup /kɹuːp/ n
krup
(pathology) An infectious illness of the larynx, especially in young children, causing respiratory difficulty.

croupier /ˈkɹupieɪ/ /ˈkɹupiɚ/ /ˈkɹuːpieɪ/ /ˈkɹuːpɪə/ croupiers n
krupier krupierka
The person who collects bets and pays out winnings at a gambling table, such as in a casino.

crouton /ˈkɹuːtɑːn/ /ˈkɹuːtɒn/ croutons n
grzanka
A small, often seasoned, piece of dry or fried bread.

crow /kɹoʊ/ /kɹəʊ/ crows n
wrona kruk gawron kawka pianie
Any of various dark-coloured nymphalid butterflies of the genus Euploea.
łom
A bar of iron with a beak, crook or claw; a bar of iron used as a lever; a crowbar.

crow /kɹoʊ/ /kɹəʊ/ v
piać piać z zachwytu
(intransitive) To make the shrill sound characteristic of a rooster; to make a sound in this manner, either in gaiety, joy, pleasure, or defiance.

crow's feet n
kurze stopki kurze łapki
Wrinkles at the outer corners of the eye.

crow's nest crow's nests n
bocianie gniazdo bocianiec
(nautical) A small open-top shelter, originally a cask, on the top of the foremast, large enough to accommodate a lookout. It was used by whalers to watch for a blow (spout), or in icebound waters to seek a channel.

crowbar /ˈkɹoʊˌbɑɹ/ crowbars n
łom
An iron or steel bar, often with a flattened end which may also be hook-shaped, to be used as a lever to manually force things apart.

crowberry /ˈkɹəʊbəɹɪ/ crowberries n
bagnisko bażyna
Empetrum; a small genus of dwarf evergreen shrubs that bear edible fruit.
bażyna czarna
Empetrum nigrum; a species of crowberry.

crowd /kɹaʊd/ crowds n
tłum kupa
A group of people congregated or collected into a close body without order.
A group of people united or at least characterised by a common interest.
kupa
Several things collected or closely pressed together; also, some things adjacent to each other.

crowded /ˈkɹaʊdɪd/ more crowded most crowded adj
nabity zatłoczony
Containing too many of something; teeming.

crown /kɹaʊn/ crowns n
korona
A royal, imperial or princely headdress; a diadem.
Imperial or regal power, or those who wield it.
Splendor; culmination; acme.
Any currency (originally) issued by the crown (regal power) and often bearing a crown (headdress); (translation) various currencies known by similar names in their native languages, such as the koruna, kruna, krone, korona.
(botany) The part of a plant where the root and stem meet.
(anatomy, dentistry) The part of a tooth above the gums.
(dentistry) A prosthetic covering for a tooth.
(chemistry) A monocyclic ligand having three or more binding sites, capable of holding a guest in a central location.
wianek wianuszek wieniec
A wreath or band for the head, especially one given as reward of victory or a mark of honor.
ciemię
The topmost part of the head.
szczyt
The highest part of a hill.
korona ciemię
(religion) A round spot shaved clean on the top of the head, as a mark of the clerical state; the tonsure.

crown /kɹaʊn/ v
koronować
To formally declare (someone) a king, queen, emperor, etc.
koronować wieńczyć zwieńczać
To form the topmost or finishing part of; to complete; to consummate; to perfect.
koronować ukoronować
Of a forest fire or bushfire, to spread to the crowns of the trees and thence move from tree to tree independent of the surface fire.

crown cap crown caps n
kapsel
A type of bottle cap made by pressing a circular piece of metal around the top of the bottle.

crown jewels n
klejnoty koronne
(literally) The jewelry that accompany the office of rulership in a monarchy, i.e. crown, scepter, signet ring, etc.
klejnoty klejnoty rodowe
(slang) The male genitalia.

crown of thorns /ˌkɹaʊn əv ˈθɔːnz/ crowns of thorns n
korona cierniowa
(Christianity) The crown made of a thorny plant that Christ was forced to wear before his Crucifixion, in mocking reference to his alleged status as ‘king of the Jews’, or a representation of this. [from 10th c.]
A large starfish with venemous spines, Acanthaster planci. [from 20th c.]

crown princess crown princesses n
królewna
The heiress apparent to the throne in a royal or imperial monarchy.

crownvetch crownvetches n
cieciorka pstra
A crawling leguminous vine, Securigera varia, which is native to Eurasia and Africa but widely planted elsewhere as a ground cover, where it can become an invasive weed.

crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/ more crucial most crucial adj
krytyczny
Essential or decisive for determining the outcome or future of something; extremely important; vital.
krzyżowy
(archaic) Cruciform or cruciate; cross-shaped.

crucian carp crucian carps n
karaś karaś pospolity
Carassius carassius, a species of carp found in northern Europe and northern Asia.

crucible /ˈkɹuː.sɪ.bəl/ crucibles n
tygiel
(chemistry) A cup-shaped piece of laboratory equipment used to contain chemical compounds when heating them to very high temperatures.
A heat-resistant container in which metals are melted, usually at temperatures above 500°C, commonly made of graphite with clay as a binder.

crucifix /ˈkɹuː.sɪˌfɪks/ crucifixes n
krucyfiks krzyż
An ornamental or symbolic sculptural representation of Christ on a cross, often worn as a pendant or displayed in a Christian church.

crucifixion /ˌkɹuːsɪˈfɪkʃən/ crucifixions n
ukrzyżowanie
(Christianity, often, capitalized) The death of Jesus Christ on the Cross.
An execution by being nailed or tied to an upright cross and left to hang there until dead.

cruciform adj
krzyżowy
Having the shape of a cross.

crucify /ˈkɹuːsɪfaɪ/ v
ukrzyżować
To execute (a person) by nailing to a cross.

crude /kɹuːd/ /kɹʉd/ cruder crudest adj
nieoczyszczony surowy
In a natural, untreated state.
prymitywny
Characterized by simplicity, especially something not carefully or expertly made.
nieokrzesany
Lacking tact or taste.

crude oil crude oils n
ropa
Unrefined oil; as it is found underground, consisting mainly of hydrocarbons.

cruel /kɹuː(ə)l/ crueler cruelest crueller cruellest more cruel most cruel adj
okrutny
Intentionally causing or reveling in pain and suffering; merciless, heartless.

cruelly /ˈkɹuːli/ /ˈkɹuːəli/ more cruelly most cruelly adv
bezwzględnie okrutnie
In a cruel manner.

cruelty /ˈkɹuː(ə)lti/ cruelties n
okrucieństwo
(uncountable) An indifference to suffering or pleasure in inflicting suffering.

cruet /ˈkɹu.ɪt/ cruets n
flaszka
A small bottle or container used to hold a condiment, such as salt, pepper, oil, or vinegar, for use at a dining table.
ampułka
(Christianity) A small vessel used to hold wine or water for the Eucharist.

cruft /kɹʌft/ n
barachło rupiecie szajs
(slang) Anything old or of inferior quality.

cruise /kɹuːz/ cruises n
rejs
A sea or lake voyage, especially one taken for pleasure.

cruise control n
tempomat
A system that maintains a vehicle at constant set speed, usually until the brake or accelerator is pressed.

cruise missile cruise missiles n
pocisk manewrujący
A missile designed for guided flight over the full course of its path.

cruise ship cruise ships n
wycieczkowiec statek wycieczkowy
(nautical) A passenger ship used for pleasure voyages, where the voyage itself and the ship's amenities are considered an essential part of the experience.

cruiser /ˈkɹu.zɚ/ cruisers n
krążownik
(nautical, in the days of sail) A frigate or other vessel, detached from the fleet, to cruise independently in search of the enemy or its merchant ships.
(nautical) A class of fast warships of medium tonnage, having a long cruising range but less armour and firepower than a battleship.

cruising for a bruising adj
szukać guza
(informal) Following a course of action likely to result in injury or other trouble for oneself.

cruising speed n
prędkość przelotowa

crumb /kɹʌm/ crumbs n
okruch
A small piece which breaks off from baked food (such as cake, biscuit or bread).
miękisz
The soft internal portion of bread, surrounded by crust.

crumble /ˈkɹʌmbəl/ [ˈkɹʌmbl̩] [ˈkɹʌmbɪ̈l] v
kruszyć pokruszyć
(intransitive, often, figurative) To fall apart; to disintegrate.

crummy /ˈkɹʌmi/ crummier crummiest adj
lichy marny
(informal) Bad; poor.

crumpet /ˈkɹʌmpɪt/ crumpets n
racuch
A type of savoury cake, typically flat and round, made from batter and yeast, containing many small holes and served toasted, usually with butter.

crumple /ˈkɹʌmpəl/ v
miąć
(transitive) To rumple; to press into wrinkles by crushing together.

crunch /kɹʌnt͡ʃ/ crunches n
chrupanie chrupnięcie chrupot chrzęst
A noisy crackling sound; the sound usually associated with crunching.

crunch /kɹʌnt͡ʃ/ v
chrupać chrupnąć
To crush something, especially food, with a noisy crackling sound.

crunchy /ˈkɹʌnt͡ʃi/ crunchier crunchiest adj
chrupki kruchy
Likely to crunch, especially with reference to food when it is eaten.

crupper /ˈkɹʊpəɹ/ /ˈkɹʊpɚ/ /ˈkɹʌpə/ /ˈkɹʌpɚ/ cruppers n
podogonie
A strap, looped under a horse's tail, used to stop a saddle from slipping.

crusade /kɹuːˈseɪd/ crusades n
krucjata wyprawa krzyżowa
(historical) Any of the Papally-endorsed military expeditions undertaken by the Christians of Latin Europe in the 11th to 13th centuries to reconquer the Levant from the Muslims, as well as expeditions along the Baltic Sea and against the Cathars.
(figuratively) A grand concerted effort toward some purportedly worthy cause.

crusader /kɹuˈseɪdɚ/ /kɹuːˈseɪdə/ crusaders n
krzyżowiec
(historical) A fighter in the medieval Crusades who had taken the Cross.

cruse /kɹuːs/ /kɹuːz/ cruses n
kruż
(religion, heraldiccharge, or, obsolete) A small jar used to hold liquid, such as oil or water.

crush /kɹʌʃ/ crushes n
crush sympatia zauroczenie
(informal, by extension) The human object of such infatuation or affection.

crush /kɹʌʃ/ v
kruszyć miażdżyć przytłaczać przytłoczyć rozgniatać rozgnieść
To press between two hard objects; to squeeze so as to alter the natural shape or integrity, or to force together into a mass.
przytłaczać przytłoczyć
To oppress or grievously burden.
(intransitive) To be or become broken down or in, or pressed into a smaller volume or area, by external weight or force.

crushing /ˈkɹʌ.ʃɪŋ/ more crushing most crushing adj
miażdżący
That crushes; overwhelming.

crust /kɹʌst/ crusts n
skórka
The external, hardened layer of certain foodstuffs, including most types of bread, fried meat, etc.
An outer layer composed of pastry
The bread-like base of a pizza.
skorupa skórka
(geology) The outermost layer of the lithosphere of the Earth.
skorupa
(astronomy, by extension) The outermost layer of any terrestrial planet.

crustacean /kɹʌsˈteɪʃən/ crustacea crustaceans n
skorupiak
Any arthropod of the subphylum Crustacea, including lobsters, crabs, shrimp, barnacles and woodlice.

crutch /kɹʌt͡ʃ/ crutches n
kula
A device to assist in motion as a cane, especially one that provides support under the arm to reduce weight on a leg.

crux /kɹʌks/ cruces cruxes n
sedno
The basic, central, or essential point or feature.
zagadka
A puzzle or difficulty.

cry /kɹaɪ̯/ cries n
płacz
A shedding of tears; the act of crying.
krzyk okrzyk
A shout or scream.
Words shouted or screamed.

cry /kɹaɪ̯/ v
płakać
(intransitive) To shed tears; to weep.
krzyczeć
(ambitransitive) To shout, scream, yell.

cry for help cries for help n
wołanie o pomoc
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see cry,‎ for,‎ help.
wołanie o uwagę
(idiomatic) Acting out as a means of displaying a subconscious desire for attention or help.

cry one's eyes out v
wypłakiwać oczy
(idiomatic) To weep for an elongated time, or in an excessive manner.

cry over spilt milk v
płakać nad rozlanym mlekiem
To worry about unfortunate events which have already happened and which cannot be changed.

cry someone a river v
popłakać się
(idiomatic, often, sarcastic) To weep profusely or excessively in the presence of another person.
nie popłacz się
(idiomatic, usually, sarcastic, by extension) To try to obtain the sympathy of another person by complaining or sniveling.

cry wolf v
podnieść fałszywy alarm podnosić fałszywy alarm
(idiomatic) To raise a false alarm; to constantly warn others about an imagined threat, thereby failing to get assistance when a real threat appears.

crybaby /ˈkɹaɪˌbeɪbi/ crybabies n
beksa
A baby who cries excessively.
maminsynek
(slang) Someone whose feelings are very easily hurt, often by trivial matters.

crying /kɹaɪ̯.ɪŋ/ cryings n
płacz
The act of one who cries; a weeping or shouting.

cryolite cryolites n
kriolit kryolit
(mineral) The mineral sodium aluminium fluoride (Na3AlF6).

cryotron cryotrons n
kriotron
(physics) A switch that employs superconductivity

cryovolcano cryovolcanoes cryovolcanos n
kriowulkan
(planetology, geology, vulcanology) A volcano on an icy moon that ejects volatile materials rather than magma.

crypt /kɹɪpt/ crypts n
krypta
An underground vault, especially one beneath a church that is used as a burial place. [from 16th c.]

cryptanalysis cryptanalyses n
kryptoanaliza
The science of analyzing and breaking of codes and ciphers.

cryptanalyst cryptanalysts n
kryptoanalityk
An expert in analyzing and breaking codes and ciphers.

cryptic /ˈkɹɪptɪk/ more cryptic most cryptic adj
niejasny
Mystified or of an obscure nature.

crypto- /kɹɪptoʊ-/ prefix
krypto-

cryptobiosis n
anabioza
(biology) A state of life, entered by some organisms, in which all metabolic activity is temporarily halted

cryptobiotic adj
anabiotyczny
Of or related to cryptobiosis.

cryptocurrency cryptocurrencies n
kryptowaluta
A digital currency based on a cryptographic system, usually having no central issuing or regulating authority.

cryptodepression /ˌkɹiptoʊdəˈpɹɛʃ(ə)n/ /ˌkɹɪptəʊdɪˈpɹɛʃən/ cryptodepressions n
kryptodepresja
(geography, limnology) The portion of a lake which lies below sea level.

cryptography /kɹɪpˈtɒɡ.ɹə.fi/ [kɹ̥ɪpˈtʰɒɡɹəfiː] cryptographies n
kryptografia
The discipline concerned with communication security (eg, confidentiality of messages, integrity of messages, sender authentication, non-repudiation of messages, and many other related issues), regardless of the used medium such as pencil and paper or computers.

cryptologist cryptologists n
kryptolog
one who studies cryptology

cryptology /kɹɪpˈtɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /kɹɪpˈtɒl.ə.dʒi/ cryptologies n
kryptologia
The practice of analysing encoded messages, in order to decode them.

cryptonym cryptonyms n
kryptonim
A secret name, a code name.

cryptorchidism cryptorchidisms n
wnętrostwo
(andrology) The failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum

cryptovirus /ˈkɹɪptoʊˌvaɪɹəs/ /ˈkɹɪptəʊˌvaɪɹəs/ cryptoviruses n
kryptowirus wirus-szyfrator
(computer security) A type of malware that is used for extortion by encrypting user files and asking for payment in exchange for the decryption key.

crystal /ˈkɹɪstəl/ crystals n
kryształ
(countable) A solid composed of an array of atoms or molecules possessing long-range order and arranged in a pattern which is periodic in three dimensions.
(countable) A piece of glimmering, shining mineral resembling ice or glass.
(uncountable) A fine type of glassware, or the material used to make it.
The glass over the dial of a watch case.

crystal ball crystal balls n
szklana kula
A globe of glass or crystal used to foretell the future.

crystal habit crystal habits n
pokrój
(crystallography) The characteristic external shape of an individual crystal or crystal group.

crystalline /ˈkɹɪs.tə.lɪn/ /ˈkɹɪs.təˌlaɪn/ /ˈkɹɪs.təˌliːn/ more crystalline most crystalline adj
krystaliczny
Of, relating to, or composed of crystals.
Resembling crystal in being clear and transparent.

crystallize /ˈkɹɪstəlaɪz/ v
krystalizować
(transitive, chemistry, physics) to make something form into crystals

crème brûlée /kɹɛm bɹuˈleɪ/ crème brûlées crèmes brûlée crèmes brûlées n
crème brûlée
A dessert of custard, covered by a brittle layer of browned sugar.

crème de la crème n
śmietanka
(idiom, singulare tantum) Best of the best; something superlative; the very best.

crème fraîche /kɹɛmˈfɹɛʃ/ crèmes fraîches n
crème fraîche
A slightly soured thick cream (generally less sour than sour cream).

crêpe paper crêpe papers n
bibuła
A thin, crinkled tissue paper, often coloured, used for decoration.

csardas /ˈtʃɑːdæʃ/ /ˈt͡ʃɑɹdɑʃ/ /ˈzɑːdəs/ csardases n
czardasz
An intricate Hungarian folk dance characterized by variations in tempo. The two main parts are called lassú (slow) and friss (quick).

ctenophore /ˈtiː.nəˌfɔɹ/ /ˈtiː.nəˌfɔː/ /ˈtɛn.əˌfɔɹ/ /ˈtɛn.əˌfɔː/ ctenophores n
żebropław
Any of various marine animals of the phylum Ctenophora, having lucent, mucilaginous bodies bearing eight rows of comblike cilia used for swimming. [from 19th c.]

cub /kʌb/ cubs n
lisię szczenię
A young fox.
młode
(by extension) The young of certain other animals, including the bear, wolf, lion and tiger.

cubbishly more cubbishly most cubbishly adv
szczenięco
In a cubbish manner.

cubbyhole cubbyholes n
izdebka kanciapa klitka pokoik
A small, snug room which may be used as a place of privacy and safety by children

cube /kjub/ /kjuːb/ cubes n
sześcian
(geometry) A regular polyhedron having six identical square faces.
kostka sześcian
Any object more or less in the form of a cube.
do sześcianu sześcian
(mathematics) The third power of a number, value, term or expression.

cube /kjub/ /kjuːb/ v
podnosić do sześcianu
(transitive, arithmetic) To raise to the third power; to determine the result of multiplying by itself twice.

cube root cube roots n
pierwiastek sześcienny
(mathematics) Of a number or expression, a number or expression the cube of which is equal to the given number or expression.

cube sugar n
cukier w kostkach
Sugar shaped into cubes.

cubic /ˈkju.bɪk/ /ˈkjuː.bɪk/ adj
sześcienny
(geometry) Used in the names of units of volume formed by multiplying a unit of length by itself twice.
trzeciego stopnia
(algebraic geometry) Of a class of polynomial of the form ax^3 + bx^2 + cx + d
kubiczny regularny
(crystallography) Having three equal axes and all angles 90°.

cubic equation cubic equations n
równanie sześcienne
(mathematics) A polynomial equation whose greatest exponent is 3.

cubic function cubic functions n
funkcja sześcienna
(mathematics) Any function (polynomial) whose greatest exponent is 3.

cubic metre cubic metres n
metr sześcienny
A unit of volume equal to that of a cube having sides each one metre in length. Symbol: m3

cubic zirconia cubic zirconias n
cyrkonia

cubism /ˈkjuː.bɪz.əm/ cubisms n
kubizm
(often, capitalized) An artistic movement in the early 20th Century characterized by the depiction of natural forms as geometric structures of planes. [from 1900s]

cuboctahedron cuboctahedra cuboctahedrons n
[[sześć|sześcio-]]ośmiościan
(geometry) An Archimedean solid that has fourteen faces (eight triangular and six square) and is both isogonal and isotoxal.

cuboid more cuboid most cuboid adj
prostopadłościan
Of the shape of a cube.

cuboid cuboids n
prostopadłościan
(geometry) A hexahedron.

cuckold /ˈkʌ.koʊld/ /ˈkʌ.kəld/ /ˈkʌ.kəʊld/ cuckolds n
rogacz
A man married to an unfaithful wife, especially when he is unaware or unaccepting of the fact.

cuckold /ˈkʌ.koʊld/ /ˈkʌ.kəld/ /ˈkʌ.kəʊld/ v
przyprawić rogi
(transitive) To make a cuckold or cuckquean of someone by being unfaithful, or by seducing their partner or spouse.

cuckoo /ˈkuː.kuː/ /ˈkʊk.uː/ cuckoos n
kukułka
A person who inveigles themselves into a place where they should not be (used especially in the phrase a cuckoo in the nest).

cuckoo /ˈkuː.kuː/ /ˈkʊk.uː/ v
kukać
To make the call of a cuckoo.
gęgać
To repeat something incessantly.

cuckoo clock cuckoo clocks n
zegar z kukułką
A clock that announces the time (hours and quarter hours) by a cuckoo sound, often equipped with a small cuckoo automaton.

cucumber /ˈkaʊˌkʌmbəɹ/ /ˈkjuːˌkʌmbə/ /ˈkjuːˌkʌmbɚ/ cucumbers n
ogórek
The edible fruit of this plant, having a green rind and crisp white flesh.

cud /kʌd/ cuds n
żujka
The portion of food which is brought back into the mouth by ruminating animals from their first stomach, to be chewed a second time.

cuddle /ˈkʌd.l̩/ cuddles n
przytulenie
A snuggle; an affectionate embrace, often given to family members and close friends.

cuddle /ˈkʌd.l̩/ v
miziać się przytulać się przytulić się
(intransitive) To embrace affectionately; to lie together snugly.
przytulać przytulić
(transitive) To cradle in one's arms so as to give comfort, warmth.

cuddly /ˈkʌdli/ /ˈkʌdl̩i/ /ˈkʌdəli/ cuddlier cuddliest adj
milusi milusiński
Suitable for cuddling; designed to be cuddled.

cudgel /ˈkʌd͡ʒəl/ cudgels n
pałka maczuga
A short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon.

cue /kɪu̯/ /ˈkjuː/ [cj̊uː] [kj̊ʉː] cues n
kij
(sports, billiards, snooker, pool) A straight tapering stick used to hit the balls in various games.

cue mark cue marks n
znak końca aktu
A visual indicator, placed in an upper corner of a frame of a motion picture, to signal the projectionist to change reels

cue sheet cue sheets n
akursz CUE
(computing) A text file that details the layout of tracks on a compact disc.

cue sport cue sports n
bilard
(sports) A game played with a cue and balls, such as billiards.

cuff /kʌf/ v
mankiet
(transitive) To furnish with cuffs.

cufflink /ˈkʌflɪŋk/ cufflinks n
spinka do mankietu
A button or stud used to hold a sleeve cuff together.

cuirass /kwɪˈɹæs/ /ˈkjʊəɹæs/ cuirasses n
kirys
A piece of defensive armor, covering the body from the neck to the girdle.

cuisine /kwɪˈziːn/ cuisines n
kuchnia
(countable, uncountable) A characteristic style of preparing food, often associated with a place of origin.

culinary art culinary arts n
kulinaria
The art of cooking in particular way, a characteristic style of cooking.

cull /kʌl/ culls n
odstrzał
An organized killing of selected animals.

culm /kʌlm/ culms n
źdźbło
(botany) the stem of a plant, especially of grass or sedge

culmination /ˌkʌl.məˈneɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkʌl.mɪnˈeɪ.ʃən/ culminations n
kulminacja
(astronomy) The attainment of the highest point of altitude reached by a heavenly body; passage across the meridian; transit.
(US) Attainment or arrival at the highest pitch of glory, power, etc.

culprit [ˈkʰʌɫpɹ̥ɪt] culprits n
winowajca sprawca delikwent
The person or thing at fault for a problem or crime.

cult /kʌlt/ /ˈkɒlt/ [kʰʌlt] adj
kultowy
Enjoyed by a small, loyal group.

cult /kʌlt/ /ˈkɒlt/ [kʰʌlt] cults n
kult sekta
The veneration, devotion, and religious rites given to a deity (especially in a historical polytheistic context), or (in a Christian context) to a saint.

cult of personality cults of personality n
kult jednostki
A situation where a leader (often a dictator) has been idolized and made into a national or group icon and is revered as a result.

cultivar /ˈkʌltɪvɑɹ/ cultivars n
kultywar
A cultivated (not necessarily botanical) variety of a plant species or hybrid of two species. [from 1923]

cultivate /ˈkʌltɪveɪt/ v
uprawiać uprawić kultywować
To grow plants, notably crops.
pielęgnować
(figurative) To nurture; to foster; to tend.
kultywować obrabiać obrobić
To turn or stir soil in preparation for planting or as a method of weed control between growing crop plants.

cultivation /ˌkʌltɪˈveɪʃən/ cultivations n
uprawa
The art or act of cultivating (improvement of land for or by agriculture), as:
pielęgnowanie
Devotion of time or attention to the improvement of (something)

cultivator cultivators n
kultywator drapacz
Any of several devices used to loosen or stir the soil, either to remove weeds or to provide aeration and drainage.
kultywator kultywatorka
A person who cultivates.

cultural /ˈkʌlt͡ʃ(ə)ɹəl/ /ˈkʌlt͡ʃ(ʊ)əɹəl/ /ˈkʌlt͡ʃɹ(ə)l/ more cultural most cultural adj
kulturalny kulturowy
Pertaining to culture.

cultural studies n
kulturoznawstwo
A diverse field of study which examines representations of culture through a variety of academic theories.

culturally more culturally most culturally adv
kulturalnie
Related to culture

culture /ˈkʌlt͡ʃə/ /ˈkʌlt͡ʃɚ/ cultures n
kultura obyczajowość
The arts, customs, lifestyles, background, and habits that characterize humankind, or a particular society or nation.
(euphemism) Ethnicity, race (and its associated arts, customs, etc.)
kultura
The beliefs, values, behaviour and material objects that constitute a people's way of life.
The conventional conducts and ideologies of a community; the system comprising the accepted norms and values of a society.
(anthropology) Any knowledge passed from one generation to the next, not necessarily with respect to human beings.
(microbiology) The process of growing a bacterial or other biological entity in an artificial medium.

culture of death cultures of death n
cywilizacja śmierci
(theology) In moral theology, the concept that human life can be a means to some other end and not solely an end itself.

culture shock culture shocks n
szok kulturowy
(anthropology, sociology) A state of anxious confusion experienced by someone exposed to an alien or unfamiliar environment.

culture war culture wars n
wojna kultur
(often, in plural) Conflict between different ideological groups, especially political conflict for cultural dominance between liberals and conservatives in the United States.

culvert /ˈkʌlvə(ɹ)t/ culverts n
przepust
A channel crossing under a road or railway for the draining of water.

cum /kʌm/ n
nasienie sperma spust
(colloquial, vulgar) Semen.

cum /kʌm/ v
dojść dochodzić wytryskiwać
(slang, vulgar) To have an orgasm, to feel the sensation of an orgasm.

cumbersome /ˈkʌmbəsəm/ /ˈkʌmbɚsəm/ more cumbersome most cumbersome adj
uciążliwy
Burdensome or hindering, as if a weight or drag; vexatious
nieporęczny niewygodny
Not easily managed or handled; awkward; clumsy.
nieporęczny
Hard, difficult, demanding to handle or get around with.

cumin /ˈkjumɪn/ /ˈkjuːmɪn/ /ˈkumɪn/ /ˈkʊmɪn/ /ˈkʌmɪn/ cumins n
kmin rzymski kminek
The flowering plant Cuminum cyminum, in the family Apiaceae.
kminek
Its aromatic long seed, used as a spice, notably in Indian, Middle Eastern, and Mexican cookery.

cumslut /ˈkʌmslət/ /ˈkʌmslʌt/ cumsluts n
szmata na spermę
(slang, vulgar, usually, derogatory) A person who badly wants to receive another person's semen, particularly in the mouth to be swallowed.

cumulant cumulants n
kumulanta

cumulative /ˈkjuːmjʊlətɪv/ /ˈkjuːmjʊˌleɪtɪv/ more cumulative most cumulative adj
narastający
Incorporating all current and previous data up to the present or at the time of measuring or collating.

cumulative distribution function cumulative distribution functions n
dystrybuanta
A function which at each point t of the sample space has as its value the probability that a given random variable is less than (or equal) t. In symbols, F_X(t) = \mathrm{Pr}(X \le t).

cumulus /ˈkjuː.mjə.ləs/ cumuli n
obłok
A large white, puffy cloud that develops through convection.

cunctation /kʌŋkˈteɪʃən/ cunctations n
kunktatorstwo zwłoka
(obsolete) Delay, hesitation, procrastination.

cuneal more cuneal most cuneal adj
klinowy
shaped like a wedge; cuneiform

cuneiform /kjuˈni.ə.fɔɹm/ /kjʊˈneɪ.ɪ.fɔːm/ /ˈkju.nɪ.fɔɹm/ /ˈkjuː.ni.ɪ.fɔːm/ /ˈkjuː.nɪ.fɔːm/ adj
klinowy
Having the form of a wedge; wedge-shaped, especially with a tapered end.
Written in the cuneiform writing system.

cuneiform /kjuˈni.ə.fɔɹm/ /kjʊˈneɪ.ɪ.fɔːm/ /ˈkju.nɪ.fɔɹm/ /ˈkjuː.ni.ɪ.fɔːm/ /ˈkjuː.nɪ.fɔːm/ cuneiforms n
pismo klinowe
An ancient Mesopotamian writing system, adapted within several language families, originating as pictograms in Sumer around the 30th century BC, evolving into more abstract and characteristic wedge shapes formed by a blunt reed stylus on clayen tablets.

cunnilingus /ˌkʌn.iˈlɪŋ.ɡəs/ /ˌkʌn.ɪˈlɪŋ.ɡəs/ cunnilinguses n
cunnilingus mineta
The stimulation of the vulva using the mouth.

cunning /ˈkʌnɪŋ/ more cunning most cunning adj
chytry cwany przebiegły sprytny
Sly; crafty; clever in surreptitious behaviour.
umiejętny wprawny zręczny
(obsolete) Skillful, artful.

cunning /ˈkʌnɪŋ/ cunnings n
umiejętność
Practical knowledge or experience; aptitude in performance; skill, proficiency; dexterity.
chytrość przebiegłość cwaniactwo spryt
The disposition to employ one's skill in an artful manner; craftiness; guile; artifice; skill of being cunning, sly, conniving, or deceitful.

cunningly more cunningly most cunningly adv
chytrze sprytnie
With cunning, cleverly.

cunt /kʌnt/ [kʰʌ̃nt] cunts n
cipa pizda cipsko
(vulgar, countable) The female genitalia, especially the vulva.
cipa pizda bladź
(vulgar, offensive, countable) An extremely unpleasant or objectionable person (in US, especially a woman; in Commonwealth more usually a man).
(Australia, Ireland, NZ, UK, Commonwealth, countable, vulgar) An unpleasant or difficult experience or incident.

cup /kʊp/ /kʌp/ cups n
filiżanka szklanka
A concave vessel for drinking from, usually made of opaque material (as opposed to a glass) and with a handle.
puchar
The contents of said vessel.
A trophy in the shape of an oversized cup.
A contest for which a cup is awarded.
miseczka
One of the two parts of a brassiere which each cover a breast.
kielich puchar
(tarot) A suit of the minor arcana in tarot, or one of the cards from the suit.

cup of tea /ˈkʌp əv ˈtiː/ /ˌkʌp ə ˈtiː/ cups of tea n
bajka
(idiomatic, singular only) Whatever suits or interests one.

cup-and-ball cup-and-balls cups-and-balls n
bilbokiet
A traditional children's toy consisting of a hand-held wooden cup with a ball attached by a string. The player jerks the ball into the air and attempts to catch it in the cup.

cupbearer /ˈkʌpˌbɛəɹə/ /ˈkʌpˌbɛɹɚ/ cupbearers n
cześnik podczaszy
(chiefly, historical) One who ceremonially fills and hands out the cups in which a drink is served.

cupboard /ˈkʌb.əd/ /ˈkʌb.ɚd/ /ˈkʌp.boɹd/ cupboards n
szafa kredens szafka kuchenna
A cabinet, closet, or other piece of furniture with shelves intended for storing cookware, dishware, or food; similar cabinets or closets used for storing other items.

cupcake /ˈkʌpkeɪk/ cupcakes n
babeczka
A small cake baked in a usually paper container shaped like a cup, often with icing on top.
(slang) An attractive young woman.

cupola /ˈkjupəloʊ/ /ˈkjuːpələ/ /ˈkupələ/ cupolae cupolas n
kopuła
(architecture) A dome-shaped ornamental structure located on top of a larger roof or dome.

cuprite cuprites n
kupryt
(mineral) A mineral composed of cuprous oxide and a minor ore of copper.

cupro- prefix
miedzio-
(chemistry) of or pertaining to copper.

cupronickel cupronickels n
miedzionikiel
An alloy of copper containing from 10 to 40% nickel.

cupule cupules n
kupula
Any small structure shaped like a cup, such as at the base of an acorn, or the sucker on the feet of some flies.

cur /kɜː/ /kɝ/ curs n
kundel
(dated, or, humorous) A contemptible or inferior dog.

curacy curacies n
wikariat

curare /kjʊˈɹɑ.ɹi/ /kjʊˈɹɑː.ɹi/ curares n
kurara
A substance containing the alkaloid D-tubocurarine, used historically as a muscle relaxant during surgery.

curassow curassows n
czubacz
Any of several species of bird in the genera Nothocrax, Mitu, Pauxi, and Crax of the Cracidae family, limited to the Americas.

curator /kjʊəˈɹeɪtə(ɹ)/ curators n
kurator kuratorka
A person who manages, administers or organizes a collection, either independently or employed by a museum, library, archive or zoo.

curaçao /ˈk(j)ʊəɹ.əˌsaʊ/ /ˈk(j)ʊəɹ.əˌsoʊ/ /ˈkjuːɹəsaʊ/ /ˈkjuːɹəsəʊ/ /ˌk(j)ʊəɹ.əˈsaʊ/ /ˌk(j)ʊəɹ.əˈsoʊ/ curaçaos n
curaçao curacao
A liqueur, made from eau-de-vie, sugar and, as flavor, dried peel of sweet and sour oranges, naturally colorless but often artificially colored blue.

curdle /ˈkɜː.dəl/ /ˈkɝ.dəl/ v
zsiadać się ścinać się
(ambitransitive) To form curds so that it no longer flows smoothly; to cause to form such curds. (usually said of milk)

cure /kjɔː(ɹ)/ /kjɜː(ɹ)/ /kjɝ/ /kjʊə(ɹ)/ /kjʊɹ/ /kɜː(ɹ)/ cures n
peklowanie
A process of preservation, as by smoking.
wulkanizacja
(engineering) A process whereby a material is caused to form permanent molecular linkages by exposure to chemicals, heat, pressure or weathering.

cure /kjɔː(ɹ)/ /kjɜː(ɹ)/ /kjɝ/ /kjʊə(ɹ)/ /kjʊɹ/ /kɜː(ɹ)/ v
leczyć uzdrawiać uzdrowić wyleczyć
(transitive) To restore to health.
peklować zapeklować
(intransitive) To undergo a chemical or physical process for preservation or use.

curettage /ˌkjʊəɹɪˈtɑːʒ/ curettages n
abrazja
(medicine) The removal of unwanted tissue from a body cavity using a curette.

curette /kjʊˈɹɛt/ v
łyżeczkować
(transitive, medicine) To scrape with a curette.

curfew /ˈkɜː.fjuː/ /ˈkɝ.fju/ curfews n
godzina policyjna
Any regulation requiring people to be off the streets and in their homes by a certain time.

curiosity /-ɪti/ /ˌkjɔːɹiˈɒsəti/ /ˌkjɔːˈɹɒsəti/ /ˌkjɚiˈɑsəti/ /ˌkjɜːˈɹɒsəti/ /ˌkjʊəɹiˈɑsəti/ /ˌkjʊəɹiˈɒsəti/ /ˌkjʊəˈɹɒsəti/ curiosities n
ciekawość
(uncountable) Inquisitiveness; the tendency to ask and learn about things by asking questions, investigating, or exploring. [from 17th c.]
ciekawostka
A unique or extraordinary object which arouses interest. [from 17th c.]

curiosity killed the cat proverb
ciekawość to pierwszy stopień do piekła ciekawy kot do studni wpadł
One should not be curious about things that can be dangerous.

curious /-i.jɪs/ /-i.ɪs/ /ˈkjɔː-/ /ˈkjɚ.i.əs/ /ˈkjʊ.ɹi.əs/ /ˈkjʊ.ɹəs/ /ˈkjʊə.ɹi.əs/ curiouser curiousest more curious most curious adj
ciekawy dociekliwy
Tending to ask questions, or to want to explore or investigate; inquisitive; (with a negative connotation) nosy, prying.

curium /ˈkjʊəɹiəm/ n
kiur
A highly fissile transuranic chemical element (symbol Cm) with an atomic number of 96.

curl /kəːl/ /kɝl/ curls n
lok kędzior
A curving piece or lock of hair; a ringlet.
rotacja
(calculus) The vector field denoting the rotationality of a given vector field.
(calculus, proper noun) The vector operator, denoted \rm{curl}\; or \vec{\nabla}\times\vec{\left(\cdot\right)}, that generates this field.

curl up v
zwinąć się w kłębek
(intransitive) to become coiled or shriveled
(intransitive) to shape one's body into a somewhat ball-like shape, with one's legs tucked into the abdomen, especially for cosiness or for protection.

curlew /ˈkɜːlju/ /ˈkɜːlu/ /ˈkɝlu/ curlews n
kulik kulig
Any of several migratory wading birds in the genus Numenius of the family Scolopacidae, remarkable for their long, slender, downcurved bills.

curlew sandpiper curlew sandpipers n
biegus krzywodzioby
A type of sandpiper, (Calidris ferruginea)

curling /ˈkəɹlɪŋ/ /ˈkɜː(ɹ)lɪŋ/ curlings n
curling
(uncountable) A winter sport where players aim and slide stones down a sheet of ice and attempt to get their color stones closest to the house (a circular target marked on the ice).

curling iron curling irons n
lokówka
A heated cylindrical device for curling the hair.

curly /ˈkɜːli/ /ˈkɝli/ curlier curliest adj
kędzierzawy kręcony
Having curls.

curly /ˈkɜːli/ /ˈkɝli/ curlies n
kręconowłosy
a person or animal with curly hair.

curly bracket curly brackets n
klamra
Either { or }, having various uses in math, music, computer programming and chemistry.

curly kale curly kales n
jarmuż

curmudgeon /kɚˈmʌd͡ʒən/ /kɜːˈmʌdʒ.ən/ curmudgeons n
gbur mruk zrzęda
An ill-tempered person full of stubborn ideas or opinions.

currant /ˈkɝənt/ /ˈkʌɹənt/ currants n
porzeczka
A small dried grape, usually the Black Corinth grape, rarely more than 4 mm in diameter when dried.
The fruit of various shrubs of the genus Ribes, white, black or red.
A shrub bearing such fruit.

currency /ˈkɝ.ən.si/ /ˈkʌɹ.ən.si/ currencies n
waluta
Money or other items used to facilitate transactions.
aktualność
The state of being current; general acceptance, recognition or use.

current /ˈkɝ.ənt/ /ˈkɝ.ɪnt/ /ˈkʌ.ɹənt/ /ˈkʌ.ɹɪnt/ currenter currentest more current most current adj
aktualny obecny bieżący każdoczesny
Existing or occurring at the moment.
aktualny
Generally accepted, used, practiced, or prevalent at the moment.

current /ˈkɝ.ənt/ /ˈkɝ.ɪnt/ /ˈkʌ.ɹənt/ /ˈkʌ.ɹɪnt/ currents n
prąd
The part of a fluid that moves continuously in a certain direction, especially (oceanography) short for ocean current.
prąd natężenie prądu
(electricity) the amount of electric charge flowing in each unit of time.

current account current accounts n
rachunek bieżący
(British, Ireland, banking) An account at a bank which is used for daily transactions.

current events n
aktualia
Current affairs; those events and issues of interest currently found in the news.

currently /kɝəntli/ /ˈkʌɹəntli/ more currently most currently adv
obecnie aktualnie
At this moment, at present, now.

curriculum /kəˈɹɪk.jə.ləm/ /kəˈɹɪkjələm/ /kɚˈɪkjələm/ /kɜːɹˈɪk.juː.ləm/ curricula curriculums n
program nauczania
The set of courses, coursework, and their content, offered at a school or university.

curriculum vitae /kəˈɹɪkjələm ˈviːtaɪ/ /kəˈɹɪkjələm ˈviːteɪ/ curricula vitae curricula vitarum n
curriculum vitae życiorys CV cefałka
(British) A written account of one's life comprising one's education, accomplishments, work experience, publications, etc.; especially, one used to apply for a job.

curry /ˈkɝ.i/ /ˈkʌɹ.i/ curries n
curry
One of a family of dishes originating from Indian cuisine, flavoured by a spiced sauce
A spiced sauce or relish, especially one flavoured with curry powder

curry /ˈkɝ.i/ /ˈkʌɹ.i/ v
rozwijać funkcję rozwinąć funkcję
(transitive, computing) To perform currying upon.

curry leaf curry leaves n
liść curry
The leaf of the curry tree, Murraya koenigii, which is used in Indian and Thai cooking (but not in curry powder).

curry powder curry powders n
curry
A mixture of spices, usually including turmeric, commonly used in Asian-style cooking.

currycomb currycombs n
zgrzebło
A comb or brush, having rubber or plastic teeth, used to groom horses.

currying /ˈkɝɹi.ɪŋ/ /ˈkʌɹi.ɪŋ/ curryings n
rozwijanie funkcji
(computing) The technique of converting a function that takes multiple arguments into a sequence of functions that each take a single argument.

curse /kɜːs/ /kɝs/ curses n
klątwa przekleństwo
A supernatural detriment or hindrance; a bane.
przekleństwo klątwa
A prayer or imprecation that harm may befall someone.
przekleństwo
The cause of great harm, evil, or misfortune; that which brings evil or severe affliction; torment.
przekleństwo wulgaryzm
A vulgar epithet.

curse /kɜːs/ /kɝs/ v
przeklinać bluzgać bluznąć przekląć
(transitive) To place a curse upon (a person or object).
To call upon divine or supernatural power to send injury upon; to imprecate evil upon; to execrate.
przeklinać kląć zakląć
To bring great evil upon; to be the cause of serious harm or unhappiness to; to furnish with that which will be a cause of deep trouble; to afflict or injure grievously; to harass or torment.

cursed /kɜːst/ /kɝst/ /ˈkɜːsɪd/ /ˈkɝsɪd/ [kʰɝst] [ˈkʰɝsɪ̈d] curseder cursedest more cursed most cursed adj
przeklęty
Under some divine harm, malady, or other curse.

cursive /ˈkɜːsɪv/ /ˈkɝsɪv/ cursives n
kursywa
(countable) A cursive character, letter or font.

cursor /kɜɹsəɹ/ /kɜːsə/ [ˈkʰɜːsə] [ˈkʰɜ˞sə˞] cursors n
kursor
A part of any of several scientific or measuring instruments that moves back and forth to indicate a position.
(GUI) A moving icon or other representation, usually called a pointer, of the position of the pointing device.
(computing) An indicator, often a blinking line or bar and sometimes called a caret, indicating where the next insertion or other edit will take place.

cursory /ˈkɜː.sə.ɹi/ /ˈkɜːs.ɹi/ /ˈkɝː.sə.ɹi/ /ˈkɝːs.ɹi/ /ˈkɵː.sɘ.ɹi/ /ˈkɵːs.ɹi/ more cursory most cursory adj
pobieżny
Hasty or superficial.

curtain /ˈkɜː.tən/ /ˈkɝ.tən/ [ˈkʰɝʔn̩] curtains n
zasłona kurtyna firana firanka
A piece of cloth covering a window, bed, etc. to offer privacy and keep out light.
kurtyna zasłona
A similar piece of cloth that separates the audience and the stage in a theater.

curtain /ˈkɜː.tən/ /ˈkɝ.tən/ [ˈkʰɝʔn̩] v
zasłonić
(transitive) To cover (a window) with a curtain; to hang curtains.

curtain rod curtain rods n
karnisz
A rod used to hang a curtain, typically by using curtain rings.

curtsey /ˈkɜːtsɪ/ /ˈkɝtsɪ/ curtseys curtsies n
dygnięcie
A small bow, generally performed by a woman or a girl, where she crosses the shin of one leg behind the calf of her other leg and briefly bends her knees and lowers her body in deference.

curtsey /ˈkɜːtsɪ/ /ˈkɝtsɪ/ v
dygać
To make a curtsey.

curvature /ˈkɝ.və.t͡ʃɚ/ curvatures n
krzywizna
The shape of something curved.

curve /kɚv/ /kɜːv/ [ˈkʰɚv] [ˈkʰɜːv] curves n
zakręt krzywa
A gentle bend, such as in a road.
krzywa
A simple figure containing no straight portions and no angles; a curved line.
(geometry) A one-dimensional figure of non-zero length; the graph of a continuous map from a one-dimensional space.

cuscus /ˈkuːs.kuːs/ /ˈkʌs.kəs/ cuscuses n
kuskus
A type of marsupial from New Guinea.

cushion /ˈkʊʃən/ cushions n
poduszka
A soft mass of material stuffed into a cloth bag, used for comfort or support.
Something acting as a cushion, especially to absorb a shock or impact.
banda
(sports, billiards, snooker, pool) The lip around a table in cue sports which absorbs some of the impact of the billiard balls and bounces them back.

cushy /ˈkʊʃi/ cushier cushiest more cushy most cushy adj
zgodny
(informal) Making few demands; comfortable, easy.
komfortowy wygodny
(chiefly, US) Comfortable, often in a way that will suit a person's body; ergonomic.

cushy number /ˌkʊʃi ˈnʌmbə/ /ˌkʊʃi ˈnʌmbɚ/ cushy numbers n
ciepła posadka
(Britain, informal) A job or task that is easy to do; a position that requires little work or is undemanding; a sinecure.

cusk cusks n
brosma
A marine cod-like fish in the ling family Lotidae, Brosme brosme.

cuss /kʌs/ v
bluzgać bluznąć
(chiefly, US, colloquial) To use cursing, to use bad language, to speak profanely.

custard /ˈkʌs.təd/ /ˈkʌs.tɚd/ custards n
custard sos angielski
(by extension) A similar sauce made from milk and cornflour or custard powder (and usually sugar, and sometimes vanilla or other flavourings) and thickened by heat.

custody /ˈkʌstədiː/ custodies n
opieka kustodia
The legal right to take care of something or somebody, especially children.
kustodia
Temporary possession or care of somebody else's property.
The state of being imprisoned or detained, usually pending a trial.
(Roman Catholicism) An area under the jurisdiction of a custos within the Order of Friars Minor.

custom /ˈkʌstəm/ adj
na miarę na wymiar na zamówienie niestandardowy spersonalizowany
Created under particular specifications, specially to fit one's needs: specialized, unique, custom-made.
(archaic) Accustomed; usual.

custom /ˈkʌstəm/ customs n
zwyczaj obyczaj moda nawyk
Frequent repetition of the same behavior; way of behavior common to many; ordinary manner; habitual practice; method of doing, living or behaving.
zwyczaj obyczaj tradycja
(legal) Long-established practice, considered as unwritten law, and resting for authority on long consent. Compare prescription.

custom house custom houses n
urząd celny
An official building, in a port, where customs are collected and shipping is cleared for entry and exit

customer /ˈkʌstəmə/ /ˈkʌstəmɚ/ customers n
klient klientka
A patron, a client; one who purchases or receives a product or service from a business or merchant, or intends to do so.

customer base customer bases n
baza klientów
A group of customers and/or consumers that a business serves.

customer service n
obsługa klientów
The act of providing services to customers before, during and after a purchase.
obsługa klienta
A department that provides services to existing customers.

customer support n
obsługa klienta
Provision of service to customers before, during and after a purchase.

customize /ˈkʌst.ə.maɪ̯z/ v
dostosowywać personalizować
To build or alter according to personal preferences or specifications.

customs /ˈkʌs.təmz/ customs n
cło opłata celna
(in the plural) The duties or taxes imposed on imported or exported goods.
odprawa celna
The process of going through customs checks at a border checkpoint.

customs officer customs officers n
celnik celniczka
An officer enforcing customs laws.

customs union customs unions n
unia celna
A type of trade bloc which is composed of a free trade area with a common external tariff.

custos custodes n
kustosz
(Roman Catholicism) A monastic superior, who, under the general of his order, has the direction of all the religious houses of the same fraternity in a given district, called a custody of the order.

cut /kʊt/ /kʌt/ cuts n
krojenie
The act of cutting.
(card games) The act or right of dividing a deck of playing cards.
rozcięcie skaleczenie
An opening resulting from cutting; an incision or wound.
krój
The manner or style in which a garment or an article of clothing is fashioned.

cut /kʊt/ /kʌt/ v
ciąć
To perform an incision on, for example with a knife.
(intransitive) To admit of incision or severance; to yield to a cutting instrument.
(transitive, computing) To remove (text, a picture, etc.) and place in memory in order to paste at a later time.
(transitive, slang) To make, to negotiate, to conclude.
kroić ciąć
To divide with a knife, scissors, or another sharp instrument.
przekładać przełożyć
To abridge or shorten a work; to remove a portion of a recording during editing.
(transitive, intransitive) To divide a pack of playing cards into two.
rozciąć
(intransitive) To intersect or cross in such a way as to divide in half or nearly so.

cut corners v
iść na skróty
(idiomatic) To do a less-than-thorough or incomplete job; to do something poorly; to take inappropriate shortcuts.

cut from the same cloth adj
ulepiony z tej samej gliny
(idiomatic, of two or more persons or things) Very similar; possessing many of the same fundamental characteristics.

cut in v
odbijać odbić
(idiomatic, dated) To dance with someone who is already dancing by replacing his or her partner.
wcinać się wciąć się
To join a queue in the middle, as opposed to at the back.

cut off v
odcinać odciąć
(transitive) To remove via cutting.
(transitive) To isolate or remove from contact.
przerwać przerywać
(transitive) To stop providing funds or something else to (someone).
(transitive) To interrupt (someone speaking).
rozłączać rozłączyć
(transitive) To end abruptly.

cut off one's nose to spite one's face /kˈʌt ˈɒf wˈɒnz nˈə͡ʊz tˈuː spˈa͡ɪt wˈɒnz fˈe͡ɪs/ /kˈʌt ˈɔf wˈʌnz nˈo͡ʊz tˈuː spˈa͡ɪt wˈʌnz fˈe͡ɪs/ v
na złość babci odmrozić sobie uszy
(idiomatic) To harm oneself as a result of attempting to harm an adversary.

cut out the middleman v
eliminować pośrednika omijać pośrednika ominąć pośrednika wyeliminować pośrednika

cut the umbilical cord v
odcinać pępowinę odciąć pępowinę przecinać pępowinę przeciąć pępowinę zerwać pępowinę zrywać pępowinę

cut to the chase v
przejść do rzeczy
(idiomatic) To get to the point; to get on with it; to state something directly.

cut-out /ˈkʌt.aʊt/ /ˈkʌɾ-/ cut-outs n
wycięcie
A hole or space produced when something is removed by cutting.

cutaneous /kjuːˈteɪniəs/ adj
skórny
(anatomy, zoology) Of, relating to, existing on, or affecting the exterior skin, especially the cutis.

cute /kjuːt/ /kɪu̯t/ cuter cutest adj
słodki uroczy
Possessing physical features, behaviors, personality traits or other properties that are mainly attributed to infants and small or cuddly animals; e.g. fair, dainty, round, and soft physical features, disproportionately large eyes and head, playfulness, fragility, helplessness, curiosity or shyness, innocence, affectionate behavior.
urzekający
Lovable, charming, attractive or pleasing, especially in a youthful, dainty, quaint or fun-spirited way.
cwany sprytny
Mentally keen or discerning (See also acute)

cuticle /ˈkjuːtɪkəl/ cuticles n
kutykula oskórek
(zoology, botany) A noncellular protective covering outside the epidermis of many invertebrates and plants.

cutie /ˈkjuti/ /ˈkjuːti/ [-ɾi] cuties n
słodziak
A cute person or animal.

cutie pie /ˈkjuːti ˌpaɪ/ cutie pies n
słodziak
(chiefly, US) A cute person, often female.

cutlass /ˈkʌtləs/ cutlasses n
kord
(nautical) A short sword with a curved blade, and a convex edge; once used by sailors when boarding an enemy ship.

cutler cutlers n
nożowniczka nożownik
One whose business is making or dealing in cutlery.

cutlery /ˈkʊt.lə.ɹi/ /ˈkʌt.lə.ɹi/ cutleries n
sztućce
A collective ensemble of eating and serving utensils such as knives, forks and spoons.

cutlet cutlets n
kotlet bitka sznycel
A thin slice of meat, usually fried.

cutpurse /ˌkʌtˈpɜːs/ /ˌkʌtˈpɝs/ cutpurses n
kieszonkowiec doliniarz rzezimieszek złodziej kieszonkowy
A thief who steals from others' purses or pockets in public.

cutthroat /ˈkʌtθɹoʊt/ cutthroats n
nożownik rzezimieszek
A murderer who slits the throats of victims.
bandyta rzezimieszek zbir
An unscrupulous, ruthless or unethical person.

cutting /ˈkʌtɪŋ/ adj
uszczypliwy
Of criticism, remarks, etc.: (potentially) hurtful.

cutting /ˈkʌtɪŋ/ cuttings n
cięcie przecięcie
(countable, uncountable) The action of the verb to cut.
odnóżka sadzonka
(countable, horticulture) A leaf, stem, branch, or root removed from a plant and cultivated to grow a new plant.
wycinek
(countable) A newspaper clipping.
montaż
(uncountable, cinematography, sound engineering) The editing of film or other recordings.

cuttlefish /-təɹ-/ /ˈkʌt(ə)lfɪʃ/ /ˈkʌtl̩fɪʃ/ [-ɾ(ə)l] cuttlefish cuttlefishes n
mątwa sepia
any of various squid-like cephalopods (marine mollusks) of the order Sepiida that have eight arms, two retractable tentacles, and a calcareous internal shell, and can eject a dark ink when threatened

cuttlefish bone /ˌkʌt(ə)lˌfɪʃ ˈboʊn/ /ˌkʌtl̩fɪʃ ˈbəʊn/ [-ɾ(ə)l-] cuttlefish bones n
kość mątwia
The calcareous, oval-shaped internal shell of a cuttlefish (order Sepiida), originally used in powdered form as an antacid and for absorbing moisture or polishing objects, and now chiefly as a dietary supplement for cage birds.

cwm /kuːm/ /kʊm/ cwms n
cyrk lodowcowy kar kocioł
A valley head created through glacial erosion and with a shape similar to an amphitheatre.

cyan /saɪˈæn/ /ˈsaɪ.ən/ /ˈsaɪˌæn/ more cyan most cyan adj
turkusowy cyjanowy
Of the colour cyan.

cyan /saɪˈæn/ /ˈsaɪ.ən/ /ˈsaɪˌæn/ cyans n
turkus cyjan
An additive secondary colour midway between green and blue, evoked by wavelengths between ~490 and ~520 nm.

cyanide /ˈsaɪənaɪd/ cyanides n
cyjanek
(chemistry, countable) Any compound containing the -C≡N group or the CN− anion.

cyanosis /ˌsaɪəˈnoʊsɪs/ cyanoses n
sinica
(pathology) A blue discolouration of the skin due to the circulation of blood low in oxygen.

cyanotype /saɪˈænəʊˌtaɪp/ /saɪˈænəˌtaɪp/ cyanotypes n
cyjanotypia
(countable) A photographic print produced by means of this process.

cyathium cyathia n
cyjacjum cyjatium

cyber- /ˈsaɪbə/ /ˈsaɪbɚ/ prefix
cyber-
Relating to the Internet or cyberspace, or to computers more generally.

cyberattack cyberattacks n
cyberatak
An attack or intrusion by means of a computer network such as the Internet, often for the purpose of spying.

cyberbullying n
cyberprzemoc
Acts in cyberspace intended to make life unpleasant for another person.

cybercriminal cybercriminals n
cyberprzestępca
A perpetrator of cybercrime.

cybernetic /ˌsaɪbə(ɹ)ˈnɛtɪk/ /ˌsaɪbɚˈnɛtɪk/ more cybernetic most cybernetic adj
cybernetyczny
Of or relating to cybernetics—the mathematical study of communication and control in living organisms or machines.

cybernetics /ˌsaɪ.bə(ɹ)ˈnɛ.tɪks/ n
cybernetyka
The theory/science of communication and control in living organisms or machines.

cyberpunk cyberpunks n
cyberpunk
(science fiction, uncountable) A subgenre of science fiction which focuses on computer or information technology and virtual reality juxtaposed with a degree of breakdown or radical change in the social order.
(music genre, uncountable) A musical genre related to the punk movement that makes use of electronic sounds such as synthesizers.

cybersecurity /saɪbəsɪˈkjʊəɹɪtɪ/ n
cyberbezpieczeństwo
Security against electronic attacks such as cyberwarfare or cyberterrorism.

cybersex v
cyberseks
To exchange explicit sexual experiences online via text or multimedia.

cyberspace /ˈsaɪ.bəɹˌspeɪs/ /ˈsaɪ.bəˌspeɪs/ cyberspaces n
cyberprzestrzeń
A world of information accessed through the Internet.
(science fiction) A three-dimensional representation of virtual space in a computer network.

cybertariat n
cybertariat

cyborg /ˈsaɪ.boɹɡ/ /ˈsaɪ.bɔː(ɹ)ɡ/ [ˈsaɪ.bo̞ɹɡ] cyborgs n
cyborg
(scifi) A being which is part machine and part organic.

cyclamen cyclamens n
cyklamen
Any of various flowering plants, of the genus Cyclamen, widely cultivated as a houseplant, having decorative leaves and solitary flowers.

cycle /ˈsaɪ.kəl/ /ˈsɑɪ.kəl/ [ˈsaɪ.kl̩] [ˈsɑɪ.kl̩] cycles n
cykl obrót
A complete rotation of anything.
cykl
A process that returns to its beginning and then repeats itself in the same sequence.
A series of poems, songs or other works of art, typically longer than a trilogy.

cycle /ˈsaɪ.kəl/ /ˈsɑɪ.kəl/ [ˈsaɪ.kl̩] [ˈsɑɪ.kl̩] v
jechać na rowerze
To go through a cycle or to put through a cycle.

cycle of fifths cycles of fifths n
koło kwintowe
(music, _, theory) A sequence of bass notes at intervals of one perfect fifth lower than the previous note. In twelve-tone equal temperament the sequence repeats every twelve tones, forming a cycle.

cyclic /ˈsaɪ.klɪk/ /ˈsɑɪ.klɪk/ /ˈsɪk.lɪk/ more cyclic most cyclic adj
cykliczny okresowy
Characterized by, or moving in cycles, or happening at regular intervals.
pierścieniowy
(chemistry, of a compound) Having chains of atoms arranged in a ring.
cykliczny
(mathematics, of a group) Being generated by only one element.

cyclic number cyclic numbers n
liczba kolista
(math) An integer for which cyclic permutations of the digits are successive integer multiples of the number.

cyclicality cyclicalities n
cykliczność
The condition of being cyclic.

cycling /ˈsaɪk(ə)lɪŋ/ cyclings n
kolarstwo
(uncountable) The sport of riding and racing cycles, especially bicycles.

cyclist /ˈsaɪ.klɪst/ cyclists n
rowerzysta rowerzystka cyklista kolarka kolarz cyklistka
A person who rides a cycle, especially a bicycle, or who habitually engages in cycling.

cycloid /ˈsaɪklɔɪd/ cycloids n
cykloida
(geometry) The locus of a point on the circumference of a circle that rolls without slipping on a fixed straight line.

cyclone /ˈsaɪ.kloʊn/ /ˈsaɪ.kləʊn/ cyclones n
cyklon
(broad sense) A weather phenomenon consisting of a system of winds rotating around a centre of low atmospheric pressure.

cyclonic more cyclonic most cyclonic adj
cykloniczny cyklonowy
Of, pertaining to, or resembling a cyclone.

cyclopean /ˈsaɪkləʊpi.ən/ /ˌsaɪkləˈpiː.ən/ more cyclopean most cyclopean adj
olbrzymi
Massive in stature.

cyclopentane cyclopentanes n
cyklopentan
(organic compound) An alicyclic hydrocarbon, C5H10; a volatile inflammable liquid, sometimes used as a solvent.

cyclops /ˈsaɪˌklɑps/ cyclopes cyclops cyclopses n
cyklop
(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) A one-eyed giant from Greek and Roman mythology.

cyclotron /ˈsaɪklətɹɒn/ cyclotrons n
cyklotron
An early particle accelerator in which charged particles were generated at a central source and accelerated spirally outward through a fixed magnetic field and alternating electric fields.

cygnet /ˈsɪɡ.nɪt/ cygnets n
łabędziątko łabędzię
The young of a swan.

cylinder /ˈsɪləndɚ/ /ˈsɪlɪndə(ɹ)/ [ˈsɪlɪ̈ndɚ] cylinders n
walec cylinder
(geometry) A surface created by projecting a closed two-dimensional curve along an axis intersecting the plane of the curve.
(geometry) A solid figure bounded by a cylinder and two parallel planes intersecting the cylinder.
A cylindrical cavity or chamber in a mechanism, such as the counterpart to a piston found in a piston-driven engine.
An early form of phonograph recording, made on a wax cylinder.
cylinder walec
Any object in the form of a circular cylinder.
butla cylinder
The part of a revolver that contains chambers for the cartridges.

cylindrical /sɪˈlɪndɹɪkəl/ more cylindrical most cylindrical adj
cylindryczny walcowaty
Shaped like a cylinder.

cymbal /ˈsɪmbəl/ [ˈsɪmbɫ̩] cymbals n
talerz czynel
(musical instruments) A concave plate of brass or bronze that produces a sharp, ringing sound when struck: played either in pairs, by striking them together, or singly by striking with a drumstick or the like.

cyme /saɪm/ cymes n
wierzchotka
(botany) A flattish or convex flower cluster, of the centrifugal or determinate type, on which each axis terminates with a flower which blooms before the flowers below it. Contrast raceme.

cynic /ˈsɪnɪk/ more cynic most cynic adj
cynik cyniczka
cynical (in all senses)
(not comparable) Relating to the Dog Star.

cynical /ˈsɪnɪkəl/ more cynical most cynical adj
cyniczny
Of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated only or primarily by base desires or selfishness.

cynically /ˈsɪn.ɪk.(ə.)li/ more cynically most cynically adv
cynicznie
in a cynical manner

cynicism /ˈsɪn.ɪˌsɪzəm/ cynicisms n
cynizm
(countable) A skeptical, scornful or pessimistic comment or act.

cynocephaly n
cynocefal
(mythology) The state of a human having the head of a dog.

cynology n
kynologia
The study of dogs.

cynophobia /ˌsaɪnəˈfoʊbi.ə/ /ˌsaɪnəˈfəʊbi.ə/ cynophobias n
kynofobia
An irrational fear or hatred of dogs or other canines.

cypress /ˈsaɪ.pɹəs/ cypresses n
cyprys
An evergreen coniferous tree with flattened shoots bearing small scale-like leaves, whose dark foliage is sometimes associated with mourning, in family Cupressaceae, especially the genera Cupressus and Chamaecyparis.

cyst /sɪst/ cysts n
torbiel cysta
A pouch or sac without opening, usually membranous and containing morbid matter, which develops in one of the natural cavities or in the substance of an organ.

cysteine /ˈsɪs.tɪ.iːn/ cysteines n
cysteina
(amino acid) A sulphur-containing nonessential amino acid C3H7NO2S found in most animal proteins; it readily oxidizes to cystine.

cystic fibrosis n
mukowiscydoza
(pathology) An inherited condition in which the exocrine glands produce abnormally viscous mucus, causing chronic respiratory and digestive problems.

cysticercosis cysticercoses n
wągrzyca
(medicine) A parasitic infestation of the voluntary muscles, lungs, central nervous system and other organs, caused by the ingestion of eggs of the tapeworm Taenia solium.

cystine /ˈsɪs.tiːn/ cystines n
cystyna
(chemistry) A nonessential amino acid formed by the oxidation of cysteine; it contains two cysteine residues linked by a disulfide bond.

cystitis /sɪsˈtaɪtɪs/ cystitides n
zapalenie pęcherza moczowego
(pathology) Inflammation of the urinary bladder.

cysto- prefix
cysto-
(anatomy) Of or relating to the urinary bladder.

cystoscopy cystoscopies n
cystoskopia
An endoscopy of the urinary bladder via the urethra

cyto- prefix
cyto-
(biology) cell.

cytology /saɪˈtɑləd͡ʒi/ /saɪˈtɒləd͡ʒi/ n
cytologia
(biology) The study of cells.

cytoplasm /ˈsaɪtoʊˌplæzəm/ /ˈsaɪtəʊˌplæzəm/ cytoplasms n
cytoplazma
(cytology) The contents of a cell except for the nucleus. It includes cytosol, organelles, vesicles, and the cytoskeleton.

cytoplasmic /saɪtə(ʊ)ˈplazmɪk/ adj
cytoplazmatyczny
(cytology) Of or pertaining to cytoplasm.

cytoplast cytoplasts n
cytoplast
(biology) The intact cytoplasm of a cell from which the nucleus has been removed.

cytosine /ˈsaɪtəsiːn/ cytosines n
cytozyna
(biochemistry) A heterocyclic base, 4-aminopyrimidin-2(1H)-one, which pairs with guanine in DNA and RNA (by means of three hydrogen bonds).

cytoskeleton cytoskeleta cytoskeletons n
cytoszkielet

cytosol cytosols n
cytozol
(cytology) The aqueous solution of a cell's cytoplasm, consisting of water, organic molecules and inorganic ions.

d'oh /doʊ(ʔ)/ /dəʊ(ʔ)/ interjection
wrr
Expresses frustration or anger, especially at one’s own stupidity.

d. adj
zm.
died

d10 n
k10

d12 n
k12

d20 /ˈdaɪˌtwɛnti/ /ˈdiːˌtwɛnti/ n
k20

d4 d4s n
k4

d6 d6s n
k6

d8 d8s n
k8

dabble /ˈdæb(ə)l/ /ˈdæbəl/ v
babrać ubabrać zbabrać
(transitive) To make slightly wet or soiled by spattering or sprinkling a liquid (such as water, mud, or paint) on it; to bedabble. [from late 16th c.]

dace /deɪs/ dace daces n
jelec
A shoal-forming fish of species Leuciscus leuciscus, common to swift rivers in England and Wales and in Europe.

dacha /ˈdæt͡ʃə/ dachas dachi n
dacza
A Russian villa or summer house in the countryside.

dachshund /ˈdæk.sənd/ /ˈdæksˌhʊnd/ /ˈdæʃ.h(a)ʊnd/ /ˈdæʃ.ənd/ /ˈdɑk.sənd/ /ˈdɑksˌhʊnt/ /ˈdɑːksˌhʊnd/ dachshunde dachshunds n
jamnik
A certain breed of dog having short legs and a long trunk, including standard-sized, miniature (smooth-haired, long-haired, and short-haired) varieties.

dacite /ˈdeɪsaɪt/ dacites n
dacyt
(geology) An igneous, volcanic rock with a high iron content.

dactyl /ˈdæktɪɫ/ dactyls n
daktyl
A metrical foot of three syllables (— ⏑ ⏑), one long followed by two short, or one accented followed by two unaccented.

dactylic /dæk.ˈtɪ.lɪk/ more dactylic most dactylic adj
daktyliczny

dactylo- prefix
daktylo-

dactyloscopy /ˌdæktɪlˈɒskəpi/ n
daktyloskopia
The forensic analysis and comparison of fingerprints as a means of identification of individuals

dad /dæd/ dads n
tata tatuś tato
(informal) A father, a male parent.
Used to address one's father

dad joke v
beton dowcipas suchar suchy żart słaby żart
(colloquial) To tell (someone) a dad joke.

dadaism /ˈdɑːdɑːɪzəm/ dadaisms n
dadaizm
The cultural movement of Dada.

daddy /ˈdædi/ daddies n
tata tatuś tato
(slang, obsolete) The person who gives away the bride at a wedding, in the absence of her actual father.

daddy long-legs spider daddy long-legs spiders n
nasosznik
Any of the true spiders of the family Pholcidae: small spiders with long legs.

daddy longlegs /ˈdædɪ ˈlɒŋ(ɡ)lɛɡz/ daddy longlegs daddy longlegses n
kosarz
(Australia, Canada, New Zealand, US) Any (non-spider) arachnid of the order Opiliones, mostly with long thin legs; the harvestman.

daffodil /ˈdæfəˌdɪl/ daffodils n
żonkil
(countable) A bulbous plant of the genus Narcissus, with yellow flowers and a trumpet shaped corona, especially Narcissus pseudonarcissus, the national flower of Wales.

daft /dæft/ /dɑːft/ dafter daftest adj
zwariowany
(chiefly, Britain, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, informal) Crazy, insane, mad.

dagesh dageshes n
dagesz
A symbol used in Hebrew script to denote a geminated consonant, or a consonant pronounced as a plosive as opposed to as a fricative.

dagger /ˈdæɡə/ /ˈdæɡəɹ/ daggers n
sztylet kindżał
(weapons) A stabbing weapon, similar to a sword but with a short, double-edged blade.

daguerreotype /dəˈɡɛɚ.(i.)oʊˌtaɪp/ /dəˈɡɛɚ.(i.)əˌtaɪp/ /dəˈɡɛɹ.(ɪ.)əʊˌtaɪp/ daguerreotypes n
dagerotyp
An early type of photograph created by exposing a silver surface which has previously been exposed to either iodine vapor or iodine and bromine vapors.

daguerreotype /dəˈɡɛɚ.(i.)oʊˌtaɪp/ /dəˈɡɛɚ.(i.)əˌtaɪp/ /dəˈɡɛɹ.(ɪ.)əʊˌtaɪp/ v
dagerotypować
(transitive, intransitive) To make a photograph using this process, to make a daguerreotype (of).

daguerreotypy n
dagerotypia
(historical) The art or technique of producing daguerreotypes.

dahlia /ˈdeɪlɪə/ /ˈdɑːlɪə/ dahlias n
dalia georginia
Any plant of the genus Dahlia, tuberous perennial flowering plants native to Mexico.

daikon /ˈdaɪkɒn/ daikon daikons n
daikon rzodkiew japońska
An East Asian cultivar or subspecies of garden radish (Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus, syn. Raphanus sativus) bearing a large, white, carrot-shaped taproot consumed throughout East and South Asia but grown in North America primarily as a fallow crop for its fast-growing leaves (used as animal fodder) and as a soil ripper.

daily /ˈdeɪli/ adj
codzienny
That occurs every day, or at least every working day

daily /ˈdeɪli/ adv
codziennie dziennie co dnia co dzień każdego dnia
quotidianly, every day

daily /ˈdeɪli/ dailies n
dziennik
A newspaper that is published every day.

daily bread /ˈdeɪli ˌbɹɛd/ n
chleb powszedni
All those things, such as regular food and water, needed to sustain physical life.

daintily /ˈdeɪntɪli/ more daintily most daintily adv
arcydelikatnie

dainty /ˈdeɪnti/ daintier daintiest adj
arcydelikatny
Elegant; delicately small and pretty.

dairy /ˈdɛə.ɹi/ /ˈdɛɚ.i/ /ˈdɛɹ.i/ adj
mleczny
(specifically) Referring to products produced from animal milk as opposed to non-milk substitutes.

dairy /ˈdɛə.ɹi/ /ˈdɛɚ.i/ /ˈdɛɹ.i/ dairies n
mleczarnia
A place, often on a farm, where milk is processed and turned into products such as butter and cheese.
(slang, vulgar, mostly, in the plural) A woman's breast.
nabiał
(uncountable) (also dairy products or dairy produce) Products produced from milk.

dairy farm dairy farms n
mleczarnia
A place where dairy farming takes place.

dairy product dairy products n
nabiał produkt mleczny
Any foodstuff made from milk, such as cheese or yogurt.

dais /-əs/ /ˈdaɪ-/ /ˈdeɪ.əs/ /ˈdeɪ.ɪs/ daises n
podest podium podwyższenie
A raised platform in a room for a high table, a seat of honour, a throne, or other dignified occupancy, such as ancestral statues; a similar platform supporting a lectern, pulpit, etc., which may be used to speak from. [from c. 1800.]

daisy /ˈdeɪ.zi/ daisies n
stokrotka
The wild flowering plant Bellis perennis of the Asteraceae family, with a yellow head and white petals

dal /dɑːl/ dals n
dal
Any of many dried husked pulses (legume), including peas, beans and lentils.
A dish made from lentils, cooked with spices, tomatoes and onions etc.

dale /deɪl/ dales n
dolina
(slightly dated, mainly, Britain) A valley, often in an otherwise hilly area.

dalliance /ˈdalɪəns/ /ˈdæli.əns/ dalliances n
flirt zaloty
Playful flirtation; amorous play. [from 14th c.]

dally /ˈdæli/ v
bałamucić zbałamucić
To waste time in trivial activities, or in idleness; to trifle.

dam /dæm/ dams n
zapora tama
A structure placed across a flowing body of water to stop the flow or part of the flow, generally for purposes such as retaining or diverting some of the water or retarding the release of accumulated water to avoid abrupt flooding.

damage /ˈdæmɪd͡ʒ/ damages n
szkoda uszkodzenie
Injury or harm; the condition or measure of something not being intact.

damage /ˈdæmɪd͡ʒ/ v
psuć uszkadzać
(transitive) To impair the soundness, goodness, or value of; to harm or cause destruction.

damaged /ˈdæmɪd͡ʒd/ more damaged most damaged adj
uszkodzony
That has suffered damage.

damageless more damageless most damageless adj
bezszkodowy

damages /ˈdæmɪd͡ʒɪz/ n
odszkodowanie
(legal) The money paid or awarded to a claimant (in England), a pursuer (in Scotland) or a plaintiff (in the US) in a civil action as compensation for a loss suffered by the same.

damask /ˈdæm.əsk/ damasks n
adamaszek
An ornate silk fabric originating from Damascus.

dame /deɪm/ dames n
białogłowa dama facetka kobiałka kobieta niewiasta
(US, dated, informal, slightly, derogatory) A woman.

dammit /ˈdæmət/ /ˈdæmɪt/ interjection
cholera kurde kuźwa w mordę jeża
(mildly, vulgar) Expressing anger, irritation, contempt, or disappointment.

damn /dæm/ [deəm] [dɛəm] [dɛːm] adj
cholerny przeklęty
(mildly, _, profane) Generic intensifier. Fucking; bloody.

damn /dæm/ [deəm] [dɛəm] [dɛːm] adv
cholernie
(mildly, _, profane) Very; extremely.

damn /dæm/ [deəm] [dɛəm] [dɛːm] interjection
cholera do diabła do licha do pioruna holender kurde
(mildly, _, profane) Used to express anger, irritation, disappointment, annoyance, contempt or surprise, etc. See also dammit.

damn /dæm/ [deəm] [dɛəm] [dɛːm] v
przeklinać przekląć
To condemn; to declare guilty; to doom; to adjudge to punishment.

damnation /dæmˈneɪʃən/ damnations n
potępienie
The state of being damned; condemnation; openly expressed disapprobation.

damned /dæmd/ damneder damnedest more damned most damned adj
przeklęty
Godforsaken.

damned if one does and damned if one doesn't adj
i tak źle, i tak niedobrze
(idiomatic) Of a situation where either choice results in a negative outcome.

damning /ˈdæmɪŋ/ more damning most damning adj
obciążający
Condemning.

damp /dæmp/ damper dampest adj
wilgotny
In a state between dry and wet; moderately wet; moist.

damp squib damp squibs n
niewypał
(idiomatic, by extension) Anything that doesn’t work properly, or fails to come up to expectations; a dud.

damsel /ˈdæm.zəl/ [ˈdɛəm.zɫ̩] [ˈdɛːm.zɫ̩] damsels n
młoda dama
A young woman (of noble birth).
dziewica
A girl; a maiden (without sexual experience).

damsel in distress /ˈdæm.zəl ɪn dɪˈstɹɛs/ damsels in distress n
dama w opałach
A young woman perceived as being helpless in a dangerous situation and requiring rescue.

damselfly /ˈdæmzəlflaɪ/ damselflies n
łątka
Any of various insects of the suborder Zygoptera that have long slender bodies, and are similar to dragonflies but having wings folded when at rest.

damson /ˈdæmzən/ damsons n
lubaszka
The edible fruit of this tree.

dance /dæn(t)s/ /dɑːns/ [dans] [deənts] [däns] [däːns] [dæns] [dæːns] [dɐːns] [dɑːns] [dɛənts] [ɖɑːns] dances n
taniec pląs
A sequence of rhythmic steps or movements usually performed to music, for pleasure or as a form of social interaction.

dance /dæn(t)s/ /dɑːns/ [dans] [deənts] [däns] [däːns] [dæns] [dæːns] [dɐːns] [dɑːns] [dɛənts] [ɖɑːns] v
tańczyć pląsać tańcować
(intransitive) To move with rhythmic steps or movements, especially in time to music.

dance card /ˈdæns ˌkɑɹd/ /ˈdɑːns kɑːd/ dance cards n
karnet
(dance, dated) A card on which a person (usually a woman) lists those they have agreed to dance with. [from late 19th c.]

dance floor dance floors n
parkiet parkiet taneczny
A large floor, usually made of hardwood, used primarily for dancing.

danceable more danceable most danceable adj
taneczny
(of music) Suitable for dancing.

dancehall dancehalls n
dansing
(countable) A public hall for dancing.

dancer /ˈdæns.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈdæns.ɚ/ /ˈdɑːns.ə(ɹ)/ dancers n
tancerz tancerka
A person who dances, usually as a hobby, an occupation, or a profession.

dandelion /ˈdæn.dəˌlaɪ.ən/ /ˈdæn.dɪˌlaɪ.ən/ adj
żółty
Of a yellow colour, like that of the flower.

dandelion /ˈdæn.dəˌlaɪ.ən/ /ˈdæn.dɪˌlaɪ.ən/ dandelions n
dmuchawiec mlecz podbiał
(countable) Any of the several species of plant in the genus Taraxacum, characterised by yellow flower heads and notched, broad-ended leaves, especially the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale).

dander /ˈdændə(ɹ)/ danders n
łupież
Hair follicles and dead skin shed from mammals.

dandle /ˈdændəl/ [ˈdændəɫ] dandles n
niańczyć
(Rhode Island) A teeter-totter or seesaw.

dandruff /ˈdændɹʊf/ /ˈdændɹʌf/ dandruffs n
łupież
scaly white dead skin flakes from the human scalp; Pityriasis capitis

dandy /ˈdæn.di/ dandier dandiest adj
dandysowaty
Like a dandy, foppish.

dandy /ˈdæn.di/ dandies n
dandys laluś modniś dandy goguś
A man very concerned about his physical appearance, refined language, and leisurely hobbies, pursued with the appearance of nonchalance in a cult of self.

danger /ˈdeɪn.d͡ʒə(ɹ)/ /ˈdeɪn.d͡ʒɚ/ dangers n
niebezpieczeństwo
Exposure to likely harm; peril.
zagrożenie niebezpieczeństwo
An instance or cause of likely harm.

dangerless adj
bezpieczny

dangerous /ˈdeɪnd͡ʒ(ə)ɹəs/ /ˈdeɪnd͡ʒɚs/ /ˈdeɪnd͡ʒɚəs/ /ˈdeɪnʒ(ə)ɹəs/ /ˈdeɪnʒɹəs/ more dangerous most dangerous adj
niebezpieczny groźny
Full of danger.
groźny
Causing danger; ready to do harm or injury.

dank /deɪŋk/ /dæŋk/ danker dankest adj
wilgotny zawilgocony
Dark, damp and humid.
mocny
(figuratively, of marijuana) Moist and sticky, (by extension) highly potent.

danse macabre /dɑns məˈkɑb(ɹə)/ danses macabres n
taniec śmierci
(arts) A conventional subject in art, literature and drama, or a particular work in that style, in which death (in the form of a putrid corpse, skeleton, the Grim Reaper, etc) is shown leading people to the grave.

daphne daphnes n
wawrzynek
Any one of least 50 species of shrub in the genus Daphne of the family Thymelaeaceae, some of which are grown as ornamentals.

daphnia /ˈdæfnɪə/ daphnias n
dafnia rozwielitka
A water flea of the genus Daphnia.

dapper /ˈdæpə(ɹ)/ dapperer dapperest adj
elegancki szykowny
Stylishly dressed, neatly dressed, spiffy.

dappled [ˈdæpəɫd] more dappled most dappled adj
cętkowany nakrapiany
Having a mottled or spotted skin or coat, dapple.

dare /dɛ(ə)ɹ/ /dɛə(ɹ)/ v
śmieć odważyć się odważać się
(intransitive) To have enough courage (to do something).
wyzwać wyzywać
(transitive) To defy or challenge (someone to do something)
śmieć odważyć się odważać się ośmielić się ośmielać się
(transitive) To have enough courage to meet or do something, go somewhere, etc.; to face up to

daredevil /ˈdɛədɛvəl/ [ˈdɛədɛvəɫ] daredevils n
szaleniec
A person who engages in very risky behavior, especially one who is motivated by a craving for excitement or attention. [from 1794]

daring /ˈdɛə.ɹɪŋ/ /ˈdɛɚ.ɪŋ/ /ˈdɛɹɪŋ/ more daring most daring adj
śmiały
Adventurous, willing to take on or look for risks; overbold.
Courageous or showing bravery; doughty.

dark /dɑɹk/ /dɑːk/ darker darkest adj
ciemny
Having an absolute or (more often) relative lack of light.
(of colour) Dull or deeper in hue; not bright or light.
mroczny ciemny
Marked by or conducted with secrecy: hidden, secret; clandestine, surreptitious.

dark /dɑɹk/ /dɑːk/ darks n
ciemność
A complete or (more often) partial absence of light.
mroki
(uncountable) Ignorance.
zmrok
(uncountable) Nightfall.

dark blue dark blues n
ciemnoniebieski
A deep, dim blue colour: navy or similar.

dark chocolate dark chocolates n
czekolada gorzka
(countable) A serving or a variety of this chocolate.

dark crimson underwing dark crimson underwings n
wstęgówka karmazynka
Catocala sponsa, a species of underwing moth.

dark energy n
ciemna energia
(astronomy, astrophysics) A hypothetical form of energy which, it is supposed, is spread uniformly throughout space (and time) and has anti-gravitational properties: it represents a possible mechanism for the cosmological constant, and thus is one of the possible explanations for the current accelerating rate of expansion of the universe; and it is estimated to account for about 74% of the mass-energy of the universe.

dark horse dark horses n
cicha woda czarny koń
(idiomatic) Someone who possesses talents or favorable characteristics that are not known or expected by others.
czarny koń
(idiomatic, politics) A candidate for an election who is nominated unexpectedly, without previously having been discussed or considered as a likely choice.

dark matter n
ciemna materia
(astronomy, astrophysics, broadly) Matter which cannot be detected by its radiation but whose presence is inferred from gravitational effects.

dark red adj
ciemnoczerwony
(This entry is a translation hub.)

dark side of the Force n
ciemna strona mocy

dark tourism n
mroczna turystyka

dark-eyed junco dark-eyed juncos n
junko zwyczajny
Junco hyemalis, a passerine bird in the passerine family Passerellidae.

dark-skinned more dark-skinned most dark-skinned adj
ciemnoskóry
Having a relatively dark skin.

darken /ˈdɑɹkən/ /ˈdɑːkən/ v
zaciemniać
(transitive) To make dark or darker by reducing light.

darkly /ˈdɑɹkli/ /ˈdɑːkli/ darklier darkliest more darkly most darkly adv
ciemno mrocznie
With a dark appearance

darkness /ˈdɑɹknɪs/ /ˈdɑːknəs/ darknesses n
ciemność mrok
(uncountable) The state of being dark; lack of light; the absolute or comparative absence of light.

darkroom darkrooms n
ciemnia
(photography) A dark room, where photographs are developed.
darkroom
A darkened room where sexual activity can take place, especially one in a gay club.

darkside /ˈdɑɹkˌsaɪd/ /ˈdɑːk.saɪd/ darksides n
ciemna strona
(countable) The side of something that is in darkness or unlit, or has less illumination.
(countable, figuratively) The side of something that is metaphorically dark, i.e. evil, distressing or otherwise undesirable; the negative aspect of something.

darling /ˈdɑɹlɪŋ/ /ˈdɑːlɪŋ/ darlinger darlingest adj
czarująca czarujący
Charming, very cute.

darling /ˈdɑɹlɪŋ/ /ˈdɑːlɪŋ/ darlings n
droga drogi kochana kochanie kochany
A person who is dear to one.

darmstadtium /dɑːɹmˈʃtɑːtiəm/ n
darmsztadt darmstadt
A transuranic chemical element (symbol Ds) with atomic number 110.

darn /daːn/ /dɑɹn/ /dɑːn/ v
cerować zacerować
(transitive, sewing) To repair by stitching with thread or yarn, particularly by using a needle to construct a weave across a damaged area of fabric.

darnel /ˈdɑːnəɫ/ darnels n
życica roczna
A species of ryegrass, Lolium temulentum, often found in wheat fields and often host to a fungus intoxicating to humans and animals.

dart /dɑɹt/ /dɑːt/ [daɹt̚] [daɹɾ̥] darts n
rzutki
A small object with a pointed tip at one end and feathers at the other, which is thrown at a target in the game of darts.

darts /ˈdɑːts/ n
rzutki
(games, sports) A game or sport in which darts are thrown at a board, and points are scored depending on where the darts land

dash /dæʃ/ dashes n
myślnik pauza półpauza
(typography) Any of the following symbols: ‒ (figure dash), – (en dash), — (em dash), or ― (horizontal bar).
kreska
(by extension) The longer of the two symbols of Morse code.
sprint
A short run, flight.
kapka kropla
A small quantity of a liquid substance etc.; less than 1/8 of a teaspoon.

dash /dæʃ/ v
lecieć spadać
(intransitive, informal) To leave or depart.
ciepnąć cisnąć śmignąć
(transitive) To throw violently.

dashboard /ˈdæʃˌboəɹd/ /ˈdæʃˌbɔː(ɹ)d/ /ˈdæʃˌbɔːɹd/ dashboards n
deska rozdzielcza
(historical) An upturned screen of wood or leather placed on the front of a horse-drawn carriage, sleigh or other vehicle that protected the driver from mud, debris, water and snow thrown up by the horse's hooves.

dashcam /ˈdæʃˌkæm/ dashcams n
kamera samochodowa
(automotive) A digital video recorder mounted on the dashboard of a vehicle or elsewhere inside the vehicle to record occurrences in the vicinity, such as traffic accidents that the vehicle has been involved in, to provide evidence for criminal prosecutions, insurance claims, etc.

dashi /ˈdæʃi/ /ˈdɑːʃi/ dashis n
dashi
A type of soup or cooking stock, often made from kelp.

dassie /ˈdæs.i/ /ˈdɑs.i/ dassies n
góralek przylądkowy
A small, herbivorous mammal in the order Hyracoidea, the rock hyrax.

data /ˈdeɪ.tə/ /ˈdæt.ə/ /ˈdɐːtə/ /ˈdɑːtə/ [ˈdeɪ.ɾə] [ˈdäːɾə] [ˈdæɾ.ə] n
dane
(collectively, uncountable) Information, especially in a scientific or computational context, or with the implication that it is organized.

data centre data centres n
serwerownia

data processing n
przetwarzanie danych
Any of many techniques in which data is retrieved, stored, classified, manipulated, transmitted and/or reported in such a way as to generate information; especially such processing using computers.

data structure data structures n
struktura danych
(computer science) Any form of storing and organizing data in a computer so that it can be accessed efficiently.

databank databanks n
bank danych
A database (collection of organized information in a regular structure)
An organization dedicated to maintaining a database.

database /ˈdeɪtəˌbeɪs/ /ˈdætəˌbeɪs/ /ˈdæːtəˌbeːs/ /ˈdɑːtəˌbeɪs/ databases n
baza danych bank danych
(general) A collection of (usually) organized information in a regular structure, usually but not necessarily in a machine-readable format accessible by a computer.

database administrator database administrators n
administrator bazy danych
(databases) A person who is responsible for the logical and physical design of databases, and normally for all aspects of their recoverability, integrity, security, availability and performance.

database management system database management systems n
system zarządzania bazą danych
(databases) A suite of interrelated computer programs designed to manage message processing and database update in a tightly controlled manner.

datasource datasources n
źródło danych

date /deɪt/ dates n
daktyl
The fruit of the date palm, Phoenix dactylifera, somewhat in the shape of an olive, containing a soft, sweet pulp and enclosing a hard kernel.
data
The addition to a writing, inscription, coin, etc., which specifies the time (especially the day, month, and year) when the writing or inscription was given, executed, or made.
A point in time.
data osoba towarzysząca towarzysz towarzyszka
A specific day in time at which a transaction or event takes place, or is appointed to take place; a given point of time.
randka schadzka spotkanie
A pre-arranged meeting.
randka
A romantic meeting or outing with a lover or potential lover, or the person so met.

date /deɪt/ v
datować
(transitive) To determine the age of something.
chodzić spotykać się
(transitive) To take (someone) on a date, or a series of dates.
starzeć się
(ambitransitive) To make or become old, especially in such a way as to fall out of fashion, become less appealing or attractive, etc.

date of birth dates of birth dates of births n
data urodzenia
The date and year on which something or someone was born.

date palm date palms n
daktylowiec palma daktylowa
A palm tree, Phoenix dactylifera, whose fruit is the date.

date rape drug date rape drugs n
pigułka gwałtu tabletka gwałtu
A drug with sedative, hypnotic, dissociative, and/or amnesiac effects which is used to assist in the commission of a sexual assault (date rape).

dative /ˈdeɪtɪv/ adj
celownikowy celownik
(grammar) Noting the case of a noun which expresses the remoter or indirect object, generally indicated in English by to or for with the objective.

dative case dative cases n
celownik
(grammar) Case used to express direction towards an indirect object, the recipient or beneficiary of an action, and is generally indicated in English by to (when a recipient) or for (when a beneficiary) with the objective case. The direct object may be either stated or unstated where the indirect object is the beneficiary of the verbal action, but is stated where the indirect object is a recipient. If there is emphasis on the indirect object, the indirect object usually precedes the direct object and is not usually indicated with to or for; said structure is also used when neither object is being emphasized.

datum /ˈdeɪtəm/ /ˈdætəm/ /ˈdɑːtəm/ data datums n
dana
(cartography, surveying, engineering) A fixed reference point or set of reference points which precisely define a system of measurement or a coordinate system.

daub /dɑb/ /dɔb/ /dɔːb/ daubs n
bohomaz
A crude or amateurish painting.

daub /dɑb/ /dɔb/ /dɔːb/ v
pomazać
(intransitive, transitive) To apply (something) to a surface in hasty or crude strokes.

dauber /ˈdɔːbə(ɹ)/ daubers n
bohomaz pacykarz
(derogatory) One who, or that which, daubs; especially, a coarse, unskillful painter.

daughter /ˈdoːtɐ/ /ˈdɑ.tɚ/ /ˈdɔ.tɚ/ /ˈdɔ.t̬ɚ/ /ˈdɔːtə(ɹ)/ [ˈdɑ.ɾɚ] [ˈdɔ.ɾɚ] daughters daughtren n
córka
One’s female offspring.

daughter language daughter languages n
język wywodzący się z innego
(linguistics) A language which genetically descends from an earlier parent language.

daughter-in-law /ˈdɔːtə(ɹ)ɪnˌlɔː/ daughter-in-laws daughters-in-law n
synowa snecha
The wife of one's child.

daughterly more daughterly most daughterly adj
córczyny
Relating to or characteristic of a daughter.

dauntless /ˈdɔːntləs/ more dauntless most dauntless adj
nieustraszony
Invulnerable to fear or intimidation.

dauphin /doʊˈfæ̃/ /ˈdɔ.fən/ /ˈdɔ.fɪn/ /ˈdɔː.fɪn/ /ˈdəʊ.fæ̃/ dauphins n
delfin
The eldest son of the king of France. Under the Valois and Bourbon dynasties, the Dauphin of France, generally shortened to Dauphin, was heir apparent to the throne of France. The title derived from the main title of the Dauphin, Dauphin of Viennois.

dauphine dauphines n
delfina

dawdle /ˈdɑd(ə)l/ /ˈdɔd(ə)l/ /ˈdɔːdl̩/ v
gmerać grzebać guzdrać ociągać
(transitive) Chiefly followed by away: to spend (time) without haste or purpose. [from late 18th c.]
bałamucić marudzić zbałamucić zmudzić żmudzić
To spend time idly and unfruitfully; to waste time. [from mid 17th c. (probably dialectal); in general use from late 18th c.]

dawn /doːn/ /dɑn/ /dɔn/ /dɔːn/ dawns n
świt brzask zaranie
(uncountable) The morning twilight period immediately before sunrise.
świt zaranie
(countable) The rising of the sun.

dawn /doːn/ /dɑn/ /dɔn/ /dɔːn/ v
świtać
(intransitive, figurative) To begin to give promise; to begin to appear or to expand.

dawn of time n
zaranie dziejów

dawn redwood dawn redwoods n
metasekwoja chińska
A large deciduous conifer native to China, of species Metasequoia glyptostroboides, a well-known living fossil.

dawnlight n
jutrznia
The light of dawn.

day /deɪ̯/ days n
dzień doba
(informal, or, meteorology) A 24-hour period beginning at 6am or sunrise.
A period of time between two set times which mark the beginning and the end of day in a calendar, such as from midnight to the following midnight or (Judaism) from nightfall to the following nightfall.
The part of a day period which one spends at one’s job, school, etc.
A period of contention of a day or less.

day after day adv
dzień w dzień dzień za dniem
(idiomatic) For an indefinite number of days.

day after tomorrow adv
pojutrze
(This entry is a translation hub.)

day and night adv
dzień i noc
All the time; round the clock; unceasingly.

day before yesterday adv
przedwczoraj onegdaj zawczoraj
(This entry is a translation hub.)

day by day more day by day most day by day adv
z dnia na dzień
gradually

day game n
podryw na ulicy

day in, day out adv
dzień po dniu
(idiomatic) Every day; daily; constantly or continuously (especially, of something that has become routine or monotonous).

day off days off n
wolny dzień
A day of vacation; a day when one does not go to work, school, etc.

day shift day shifts n
dniówka dzienna zmiana
Regularly scheduled work during daylight hours, especially 8AM to 4PM.

daybed /ˈdeɪˌbɛd/ daybeds n
wersalka
A couch that can be used as a sofa by day and a bed by night.

daybreak /ˈdeɪbɹeɪk/ daybreaks n
brzask świt
Dawn.

daycare /ˈdeɪkeə(ɹ)/ daycares n
opieka dzienna
Daytime supervision, usually of children.

daycare centre daycare centres n
żłobek
A building where children are supervised during the day so that their parents can work.

daydream /ˈdeɪdɹiːm/ [ˈdeɪd͡ʒɹiːm] daydreams n
mara marzenie
A spontaneous series of thoughts while awake not connected to immediate reality.

daydream /ˈdeɪdɹiːm/ [ˈdeɪd͡ʒɹiːm] v
marzyć myśleć o niebieskich migdałach śnić na jawie
(intransitive) To have such a series of thoughts; to woolgather.

daydreamer /ˈdeɪdɹimɚ/ /ˈdeɪdɹiːmə/ [ˈdeɪd͡ʒɹimɚ] daydreamers n
marzyciel marzycielka
One who daydreams.
A person who wastes time daydreaming of accomplishments instead of accomplishing things.

daylight robbery /ˌdeɪlaɪt ˈɹɒb(ə)ɹi/ /ˌdeɪˌlaɪt ˈɹɑb(ə)ɹi/ daylight robberies n
rozbój w biały dzień
(uncountable) The practice of cheating or of imposing an exorbitant charge for a product or service; (countable, rare) an instance of this.

daylight saving time daylight saving times n
czas letni
The practice in some places of adjusting clocks forward in the spring and back in the fall, usually by one hour, so that the adjustment causes the time to coincide with the greatest period of illumination by the sun over the course of the day.

daze /deɪz/ v
oszałamiać
(transitive) To stun or stupefy, for example with bright light, with a blow, with cold, or with fear

de Clérambault's syndrome n
erotomania
erotomania

de facto /dəˈfæktoʊ/ /dɪˈfæktəʊ/ /ˌdeɪˈfæktoʊ/ /ˌdeɪˈfæktəʊ/ /ˌdiˈfæktoʊ/ /ˌdiːˈfæktəʊ/ adj
de facto
In fact or in practice; in actual use or existence, regardless of official or legal status. (Often opposed to de jure.)

de jure /deɪ ˈd͡ʒʊəɹeɪ/ /deɪ ˈd͡ʒʊəɹɪ/ /deɪ ˈd͡ʒʊɹi/ /diː ˈd͡ʒʊəɹi/ /dɪ ˈd͡ʒʊəɹi/ adj
de iure wedle prawa
Legal; justified by right or law, especially when in name only.

de- /diː/ /də/ /dɪ/ prefix
de- dez- od- roz-
reversal, undoing

de-Americanization n
deamerykanizacja

de-escalation /diːˌɛskəˈleɪʃən/ de-escalations n
deeskalacja
A decrease in scope, extension or severity.

deacon /ˈdiːkən/ deacons n
diakon
(Christianity) A designated minister of charity in the early Church (see Acts 6:1-6).
(Orthodoxy, Catholicism) A clergyman ranked directly below a priest, with duties of helping the priests and carrying out parish work.
(Protestantism) Free Churches: A lay leader of a congregation who assists the pastor.

deactivate /ˌdiːˈæktɪveɪt/ v
dezaktywować zdezaktywować
(ergative) to make something inactive or no longer effective

deactivation /ˌdiːæktɪˈveɪʃən/ deactivations n
dezaktywacja
The act of deactivating something, such as a bomb or alarm.

dead /diːd/ /dɛd/ deader deadest adj
rozładowany
(not comparable, of a machine, device, or electrical circuit) Completely inactive; currently without power; without a signal; not live.
martwy zmarły nieżywy
(not comparable) No longer used or required.
(rare, especially, religion, often with "to") Indifferent to; having no obligation toward; no longer subject to or ruled by (sin, guilt, pleasure, etc).
nieruchomy zmartwiały
(not comparable) Full and complete (usually applied to nouns involving lack of motion, sound, activity, or other signs of life) .

dead /diːd/ /dɛd/ n
zmarli
(often with "the") Time when coldness, darkness, or stillness is most intense.

dead as a doornail adj
zimny trup
(simile) Unquestionably dead. Used for both inanimate objects and once living beings.

dead donkey dead donkeys n
wypełniacz
(journalism) A news item of no real significance, usually of whimsical or sentimental nature, placed at the end of a news bulletin or in a newspaper as filler. A dead donkey can often be removed from the programme or publication if a more significant story needs extra time or space.

dead duck dead ducks n
skazany na porażkę
(idiomatic) One who is in serious danger or trouble.
(idiomatic) A project that is doomed to failure from the start.

dead end dead ends n
ślepy zaułek ślepa uliczka
(idiomatic) A street or path or tunnel that goes nowhere or is blocked on one end.
ślepa uliczka
A position that offers no hope of change or progress.

dead language dead languages n
język wymarły
A language which no longer has any native speakers.

dead man's switch dead man's switches n
czuwak
A switch that automatically stops a machine or vehicle after a set period of inactivity from the operator.

dead meat n
zagrożony
(slang, idiomatic) Someone in danger of being killed or severely punished.

dead men tell no tales /dɛd mɛn tɛl nəʊ teɪlz/ proverb
martwi głosu nie mają
A dead person can no longer reveal information, especially information which others wish to keep secret.

dead of night n
środek nocy
(idiomatic) Middle of the night.

dead or alive adj
żywy czy martwy
Either dead or alive.
Used to indicate someone is being sought for some kind of punishment or reprimand, and that (s)he may be killed in the process of finding, as if this was reasonable punishment.

dead reckoning dead reckonings n
nawigacja zliczeniowa
A method of estimating the position of a ship or aircraft by applying estimates of the distance and direction travelled from a previously known position. In respect to ships/boats, it excludes the effect of wind and current on the vessel. Compare with estimated position. Abbreviation: DR

dead weight dead weights n
balast
(figuratively) That which is useless or excess; that which slows something down.

deadjectival adj
odprzymiotnikowy
(grammar) Deriving from an adjective.

deadline /ˈdɛdˌlaɪn/ deadlines n
deadline
A time limit in the form of a date on or before which something must be completed.

deadly nightshade deadly nightshades n
pokrzyk wilcza jagoda pokrzyk wilcza jagoda belladonna
The plant Atropa belladonna, a perennial shrub of the nightshade family that contains high concentrations of the alkaloid atropine which can be deadly if taken in excess.

deadly sin deadly sins n
grzech śmiertelny
Any of the seven deadly sins: pride (or vanity, vainglory), envy, gluttony, greed (or avarice), lust, sloth (or acedia), and wrath (or anger).

deadname deadnames n
deadname byłe imię dednejm
(neologism, especially, LGBTQ) A previous name of a person (especially a transgender person) who has since changed their name.

deadname v
dednejmować mówić po byłym imieniu
To refer to someone (especially a transgender person) who has changed names by a previous name.

deadnettle /ˈdɛdnɛtəl/ deadnettles n
jasnota
Any plant of a species in genus Lamium, which closely resembles the nettle, but does not possess stinging hairs.

deadweight loss deadweight losses n
zbędna strata społeczna

deaf /diːf/ /dɛf/ deafer deafest adj
głuchy głusi
Unable to hear, or only partially able to hear.

deaf-mute adj
głuchoniemy
(now, offensive) Unable to hear or speak.

deaf-mute deaf-mutes n
głuchoniemy głuchoniema osoba głuchoniema
(now, offensive) A person who is unable to hear or speak.

deafblind adj
głucho-niewidomy
Unable to see and hear.

deafen /ˈdɛfən/ v
ogłuszać ogłuszyć
(transitive) To make deaf, either temporarily or permanently.

deafening silence deafening silences n
głucha cisza
(idiomatic) A noteworthy silence, or absence of response, especially one signifying disapproval or lack of enthusiasm.

deafness /ˈdɛfnəs/ deafnesses n
głuchota
The condition of being deaf; the lack or loss of the ability to hear.

deal /diːl/ deals n
rozdanie
(card games) The distribution of cards to players; a player's turn for this.
interes sprzedaż transakcja
A particular instance of trading (buying or selling; exchanging; bartering); a transaction.
deal dil ugoda
(in particular) A transaction offered which is financially beneficial; a bargain.
porozumienie umowa kontrakt układ
An agreement between parties; an arrangement.

deal breaker deal breakers n
problem
An issue which causes a relationship (especially in business) to fail.

deal with v
załatwiać załatwić
(transitive) To take action with respect to (someone or something).
rozpatrywać rozpatrzyć rozważać rozważyć
(transitive) To consider, as an example.
poradzić sobie radzić sobie
(transitive) To come to terms with; to overcome any difficulties presented by.

dealer /ˈdiːlə(ɹ)/ dealers n
dealer dealerka diler dilerka
One who deals in goods, especially automobiles; a middleman.
rozdająca rozdający
The person who deals the cards in a card game.

dealership /ˈdiːləʃɪp/ dealerships n
autogiełda
A place that sells items, especially cars.

dean /diːn/ [diːn] [dĩːn] deans n
dziekan
A senior official in a college or university, who may be in charge of a division or faculty (for example, the dean of science) or have some other advisory or disciplinary function (for example, the dean of students).
A dignitary or presiding officer in certain church bodies, especially an ecclesiastical dignitary, subordinate to a bishop, in charge of a chapter of canons.
The senior member of some group of people.

dear /diːɹ/ /dɪə/ /dɪɹ/ dearer dearest more dear most dear adj
drogi kochany luby
Loved; lovable.
drogi
Precious to or greatly valued by someone.
A formal way to start (often after my) addressing somebody one likes or regards kindly.
drogi szanowny
A formal way to start (possibly after my) addressing somebody at the beginning of a letter, memo etc.

dear diary phraseologicalUnit
drogi pamiętniczku drogi pamiętniku
The traditional first line of a diary entry, based on the first line of a formal letter.

dearth /dɜːθ/ /dɝθ/ dearths n
głód niedostatek
A period or condition when food is rare and hence expensive; famine.
brak
(by extension) Scarcity; a lack or short supply.

death /diːθ/ /dɛθ/ deaths n
śmierć
Execution (in the judicial sense).
(figuratively, especially followed by of-phrase) A cause of great stress, exhaustion, embarrassment, or another negative condition (for someone).
(preceded by the) The collapse or end of something.
(figurative) Spiritual lifelessness.
śmierć zgon
The cessation of life and all associated processes; the end of an organism's existence as an entity independent from its environment and its return to an inert, nonliving state.
śmierć kostucha
(often, capitalized) The personification of death as a (usually male) hooded figure with a scythe; the Grim Reaper.

death by misadventure deaths by misadventure n
śmierć na skutek nieszczęśliwego wypadku

death camp death camps n
obóz śmierci obóz zagłady
A facility built during the Holocaust by the Nazis to kill especially the Jewish people through gassing.

death certificate death certificates n
akt zgonu
A document issued by a medical practitioner, or by a registrar, certifying the date, location and cause of a person's death as later entered in an official register of deaths.

death cult death cults n
kult śmierci
A religious group that requires demonstrations of faith involving the risk of death.

death erection death erections n
erekcja pośmiertna
A post-mortem priapism observed in the corpses of human males who have been executed, particularly by hanging.

death march death marches n
marsz śmierci
A forced movement of people, on foot, in such circumstances that many die during the journey.

death mask death masks n
maska pośmiertna
A plaster or similar cast of a person's face after death.

death penalty death penalties n
kara śmierci
(legal) A punishment in which the offender is put to death by the state.

death rattle death rattles n
rzężenie
The raspy or gurgling sound sometimes made by a person while drawing in or expelling their final breaths before dying.

death row death rows n
cela śmierci
The section of a prison which houses those inmates who are sentenced to death.

death sentence death sentences n
wyrok śmierci
(legal) A decree that someone be put to death as a punishment for a crime; a sentence of execution.

death squad death squads n
szwadron śmierci
An armed group that carries out clandestine, extrajudicial killings.

death threat death threats n
groźba śmierci
A threat to kill another person or a group of people.

death toll death tolls n
umieralność
The number of dead as a result of a war, natural disaster or other incident.

death warrant death warrants n
kara śmierci
An official warrant that authorizes capital punishment.

death wish death wishes n
życzenie śmierci
(psychology) A desire, especially subconscious, for the death of oneself or of someone else.

death zone death zones n
strefa śmierci
(climbing) Land at sufficiently high altitudes that there is not enough oxygen to sustain human life.

deathbed /ˈdɛθˌbɛd/ deathbeds n
łoże śmierci
The bed on which someone dies.

deathblow /ˈdɛθbləʊ/ deathblows n
śmiertelny cios
A strike or blow that leads to death, especially a coup de grace.

deathly /ˈdɛθli/ deathlier deathliest more deathly most deathly adj
zabójczy śmiercionośny śmiertelny
Deadly, fatal, causing death.

deathmatch /ˈdɛθ.mæt͡ʃ/ deathmatches n
deathmatch
(video games) A competitive mode found in first-person shooter games in which competitors attempt to assassinate one another.

debacle /deɪˈbɑ.kəl/ /deɪˈbɑː.kəl/ /dəˈbɑ.kəl/ /dɛˈbɑː.kəl/ /dɪˈbɑ.kəl/ debacles n
obsuwa wtopa
An event or enterprise that ends suddenly and disastrously, often with humiliating consequences. [from early 19th c.]

debatable [dɪˈbeɪtəbəɫ] more debatable most debatable adj
sporny
Open to debate; not fully proved or confirmed.

debate /di-/ /də-/ /dɪˈbeɪt/ debates n
debata
An argument, or discussion, usually in an ordered or formal setting, often with more than two people, generally ending with a vote or other decision.
An informal and spirited but generally civil discussion of opposing views.
(uncountable) Discussion of opposing views.

debater /dɪˈbeɪtə(ɹ)/ debaters n
dyskutant dyskutantka
One who debates or participates in a debate; one who argues.

debauched /dɪˈbɔːtʃt/ more debauched most debauched adj
degenerat
Indulging in or characterised by sensual pleasures to a degree perceived to be morally harmful; corrupted; immoral; self-indulgent.

debauchery /dɪˈboː.t͡ʃə.ɹi/ /dɪˈbɑ.t͡ʃə.ɹi/ /dɪˈbɔː.t͡ʃə.ɹi/ debaucheries n
rozpusta
Indulgence in sensual pleasures; scandalous activities involving sex, alcohol, or drugs without inhibition.
(archaic) Seduction from duty.

debit /ˈdɛb.ɪt/ debits n
debet
In bookkeeping, an entry in the left hand column of an account.
A sum of money taken out of a bank account. Thus called, because in bank's bookkeeping a cash withdrawal diminishes the amount of money held on the account, i.e. bank's debt to the customer.

debit account debit accounts n
konto debetowe

debit card debit cards n
karta debetowa

debit note debit notes n
nota debetowa
(accounting) A commercial document issued by a seller in order to adjust upwards the amount of an invoice already issued.

debris /dəˈbɹiː/ /ˈdeɪbɹi/ /ˈdɛbɹi/ n
gruz gruzy
Rubble, wreckage, scattered remains of something destroyed.
pozostałości resztki
Litter and discarded refuse.
ruiny
The ruins of a broken-down structure.
morena
(geology) Large rock fragments left by a melting glacier etc.

debris field debris fields n
rumowisko
(idiomatic) Any area, non-dependent of locale, space, or contour, that contains the debris of wreckage, impact, sinking, or other material that once constituted a complete object. Debris fields can be found at the site of air crashes, water vessel sinking, explosions of buildings, collapses, and other events that render a whole entity into components, pieces, or other non-whole items.

debt /dɛt/ debts n
dług wdzięczność zadłużenie zobowiązanie
An action, state of mind, or object one has an obligation to perform for another, adopt toward another, or give to another.
zadłużenie dług
The state or condition of owing something to another.
dług
(finance) Money that one person or entity owes or is required to pay to another, generally as a result of a loan or other financial transaction.

debt collection debt collections n
inkaso windykacja
(law) The process of pursuing payments of debts owed by individuals or businesses.

debt-free adj
bez długu bezdłużny
Free of debt, not owing any money.

debtor /ˈdet.ə/ /ˈdɛt.ə/ /ˈdɛt.ɚ/ debtors n
dłużnik dłużniczka
(economics) A person or firm that owes money; one in debt; one who owes a debt.

debtors' prison debtors' prisons n
więzienie dla dłużników

debug /diːˈbʌɡ/ /ˈdiː.bʌɡ/ v
odpluskwiać
(computer science) To search for and eliminate malfunctioning elements or errors in something, especially a computer program or machinery.
odpluskwianie
(US) To remove insects from (somewhere), especially lice.

debugger /diˈbʌɡəɹ/ /diːˈbʊɡə/ /diːˈbʌɡə/ debuggers n
debugger odpluskwiacz
(programming) A computer program that helps the user to test and debug other programs, by enabling their step-by-step execution controlled by the user, setting of breakpoints, and monitoring values of variables.

debugging /diːˈbʌɡɪŋ/ debuggings n
debugowanie odpluskwianie
(computing) The process of finding and resolving bugs or defects that prevent correct operation of computer software or a system.

debunk /diːˈbʊŋk/ /diːˈbʌŋk/ /dɪˈbʌŋk/ /ˌdiːˈbʌŋk/ v
obalić
(transitive) To discredit, or expose to ridicule the falsehood or the exaggerated claims of something.

debut /-b(j)ɪu̯/ /deɪˈbjuː/ /də-/ /dəˈbjuː/ /dəˈbʉː/ /dɛˈbjuː/ /dɛˈbuː/ /ˈdeɪbjuː/ /ˈdeːbjuː/ /ˈdæɪbjʉː/ /ˈdæɪbʉː/ /ˈdɛbjuː/ debuts n
debiut
A performer's first performance to the public, in sport, the arts or some other area.

debut /-b(j)ɪu̯/ /deɪˈbjuː/ /də-/ /dəˈbjuː/ /dəˈbʉː/ /dɛˈbjuː/ /dɛˈbuː/ /ˈdeɪbjuː/ /ˈdeːbjuː/ /ˈdæɪbjʉː/ /ˈdæɪbʉː/ /ˈdɛbjuː/ v
debiutować zadebiutować
(intransitive) to make one's initial formal appearance

debutant /ˈdeɪbjuːtənt/ /ˈdɛbjuːtənt/ debutants n
debiutant
A person (especially a male) who débuts, or appears for the first time.

debutante /ˌdeɪbjuːˈtɑːnt/ /ˌdɛbjuːˈtɑːnt/ debutantes n
debiutantka
A female debutant, especially in sport and entertainment.

deca- /dɛkə-/ prefix
deka-
Ten.
In the metric system, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 10. Symbol: da

decade /dəˈkeɪd/ /ˈdɛkeɪd/ /ˈdɛkəd/ decades n
dziesiątka
(Roman Catholicism) A series of prayers counted on a rosary, typically consisting of an Our Father, followed by ten Hail Marys, and concluding with a Glory Be and sometimes the Fatima Prayer.
A group, set, or series of ten [from 16th c.], particularly:
Any of the sets of ten sequential braille characters with predictable patterns.
dziesięciolecie dekada dziesiątka
A period of ten years [from 17th c.], particularly such a period beginning with a year ending in 0 and ending with a year ending in 9. [from 19th c.]

decadent /ˈdɛkədənt/ more decadent most decadent adj
dekadencki
Characterized by moral or cultural decline.

decadentism n
dekadentyzm
Decadence.

decagon /ˈdɛ.kə.ɡɑn/ /ˈdɛ.kə.ɡən/ decagons n
dziesięciokąt
(geometry) A polygon with ten sides and ten angles.

decagonal [dɪˈkæɡənəɫ] adj
dziesięciokątny
Shaped like a decagon.

decagram /ˈdɛkəɡɹæm/ decagrams n
dekagram
(metrology) An SI unit of mass equal to 101 grams. Symbol: dag
gwiazda z dziesięcioma końcami
(geometry) A regular ten-pointed star shape.

decahedron /ˌdɛkəˈhiːdɹən/ decahedra decahedrons n
dziesięciościan
A polyhedron with ten faces.

decalin decalins n
dekalina
(organic compound) decahydronaphthalene

decalingual adj
dziesięciojęzyczny

decalogy /dɪˈkælədʒi/ decalogies n
zbiór dziesięciu dzieł
A set of ten works of art that are connected, and that can be seen either as a single work or as ten individual works.

decametre /ˈdɛkəmiːtə(ɹ)/ decametres n
dekametr
(metrology) An SI unit of length equal to 101 metres. Symbol: dam

decamp /diːˈkæmp/ v
zwiać zwiewać
(intransitive) To break up camp and move on.

decane decanes n
dekan
(chemistry) any of the seventy-five isomers of the aliphatic hydrocarbon having the chemical formula C10H22

decapitation /diˌkæp.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/ /dɪˌkæp.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/ /ˈdi.kæp.əˌteɪ.ʃən/ /ˈdi.kæp.əˌteɪ.ʃɪn/ decapitations n
dekapitacja
Beheading; the act of beheading or decapitating.

decapod /ˈdɛkəpɒd/ decapods n
dziesięcionóg
(zoology) Any crustacean, of the order Decapoda, such as crabs or lobsters.

decasyllabic /dɛkəsɪˈlæbɪk/ adj
dziesięciozgłoskowy
Having ten syllables.

decathlon /diːˈkæθlɒn/ /dɪˈkæθlɒn/ decathla decathlons n
dziesięciobój
An athletic contest consisting of ten events which includes sprinting, hurdling, jumping, and throwing over a span of two days.

decay /di.ˈkeɪ/ /dɪˈkeɪ/ decays n
rozkład
The process or result of being gradually decomposed; rot, decomposition.
degradacja rozkład
A deterioration of condition; loss of status, quality, strength, or fortune.

deceased /diˈsist/ /diˈsizd/ /dɪˈsist/ /dɪˈsizd/ /dɪˈsiːst/ /dɪˈzizd/ adj
zmarły martwy nieżywy
No longer alive; dead.

deceased /diˈsist/ /diˈsizd/ /dɪˈsist/ /dɪˈsizd/ /dɪˈsiːst/ /dɪˈzizd/ deceased deceaseds n
nieboszczyk zmarły martwy nieboszczka zmarli
A dead person.

deceit /dɪˈsiːt/ deceits n
oszustwo podstęp
An act or practice intended to deceive; a trick.

deceivable /dɪˈsiːvəbl̩/ more deceivable most deceivable adj
łatwowierny
Able to be deceived; gullible.

deceive /dɪˈsiːv/ v
oszukiwać oszukać
(transitive) To trick or mislead.

deceleration /diːsɛləˈɹeɪʃən/ /dɪˌsɛləˈɹeɪʃən/ decelerations n
zwalnianie
(uncountable) The act or process of decelerating.

decemvirate decemvirates n
decemwirat

decent /ˈdiːsənt/ more decent most decent adj
przyzwoity
(of a person) Having a suitable conformity to basic moral standards; showing integrity, fairness, or other characteristics associated with moral uprightness.
(informal) Sufficiently clothed or dressed to be seen.
niezły
Fair; acceptable; okay.

deception /dɪˈsɛpʃən/ deceptions n
oszustwo bałamuctwo
An instance of actions and/or schemes fabricated to mislead someone into believing a lie or inaccuracy.

decerebrate /dɪˈsɛɹəbɹət/ v
odkorować odkorowywać
To remove the cerebrum in order to eliminate brain function.

deci- /ˈdɛsɪ/ prefix
decy-
A tenth part.

decibel /ˈdɛsɪbəl/ /ˈdɛsɪbɛl/ decibels n
decybel
A common measure of sound intensity ratio that is one tenth of a bel on the logarithmic intensity scale. It is defined as dB = ⅒log10(P1 / P2), where P1 and P2 are the relative powers of the sound.

decide /dɪˈsaɪd/ v
decydować zdecydować postanowić
(ambitransitive) to resolve (a contest, problem, dispute, etc.); to choose, determine, or settle
zdecydować
(intransitive) to make a judgment, especially after deliberation

decidedly /dɪˈsaɪdɪdli/ more decidedly most decidedly adv
zdecydowanie
In a manner which leaves little question; definitely, clearly.
In a decided or final manner; resolutely.

deciduous /dɪˈsɪd͡ʒ.u.əs/ /dɪˈsɪd͡ʒ.ʊ.əs/ adj
liściasty
(botany) Of or pertaining to trees which lose their leaves in winter or the dry season.
ulotny przejściowy przemijający
Transitory, ephemeral, not lasting.

decilitre /ˈdɛsɪliːtə(ɹ)/ decilitres n
decylitr
(metrology) An SI unit of fluid equal to 10−1 liters. Symbol: dl.

decillion /dəˈsɪl.i.ən/ decillions numeral
decylion
(US; modern British & Australian, short scale) 1033.
(dated British & Australian, long scale) 1060.

decimal /ˈdɛs.məl/ /ˈdɛs.ə.məl/ /ˈdɛs.ɪ.məl/ /ˈdɛs.ɪ.məɫ/ adj
dziesiątkowy dziesiętny
(arithmetic, computing) Concerning numbers expressed in decimal or mathematical calculations performed using decimal.

decimal /ˈdɛs.məl/ /ˈdɛs.ə.məl/ /ˈdɛs.ɪ.məl/ /ˈdɛs.ɪ.məɫ/ decimals n
system dziesiątkowy system dziesiętny
(countable) A number expressed in the base-ten system, (particularly) a fractional numeral written in this system.

decimal place decimal places n
cyfra rozwinięcia dziesiętnego
(arithmetic) the position of a digit to the right of the decimal point in a decimal number.

decimetre /ˈdɛsɪmiːtəɹ/ decimetres n
decymetr
(metrology) An SI unit of length equal to 10−1 metres. Symbol: dm

decipher /dɪˈsaɪfə(ɹ)/ v
rozszyfrować rozszyfrowywać
(transitive) To decode or decrypt a code or cipher to plain text.
(transitive) To read text that is almost illegible or obscure

decisecond /ˈdɛsɪˌsɛkənd/ deciseconds n
decysekunda
(metrology) An SI unit of time equal to 10−1 seconds. Symbol: ds

decision /dɪˈsɪʒən/ [dɪˈsɪʒn̩] decisions n
decyzja postanowienie
A choice or judgement.
zdecydowanie
(uncountable) Firmness of conviction.

decision tree decision trees n
drzewo decyzyjne
A visualization of a complex decision-making situation in which the possible decisions and their likely outcomes are organized in the form of a graph that resembles a tree.

decisional [dɪˈsɪʒənəɫ] adj
decyzyjny
Of or pertaining to decisions.

decisionless adj
bez decyzji

decisive /dɪˈsaɪsɪv/ more decisive most decisive adj
decydujący przesądzający rozsądzający
Having the power or quality of deciding a question or controversy; putting an end to contest or controversy; final; conclusive.
stanowczy bezapelacyjny zdecydowany
Marked by promptness and decision.

decisively /dɪˈsaɪsɪvli/ more decisively most decisively adv
bezapelacyjnie
In a decisive manner.

deck /dɛk/ decks n
pokład
Any raised flat surface that can be walked on: a balcony; a porch; a raised patio; a flat rooftop.
talia
(cards) A pack or set of playing cards.

deck chair deck chairs n
leżak
A folding chair in which a wooden frame supports a length of canvas; traditionally used on the beach or onboard a liner.

deckhand deckhands n
majtek marynarz pokładowy
(nautical) A member of the crew of a merchant ship who performs manual labour.

deckhouse deckhouses n
nadbudówka pokładówka
A cabin that protrudes above a ship's deck.

deckless adj
bezpokładowy

declaim /dɪˈkleɪm/ v
deklamować zadeklamować
To recite, e.g., poetry, in a theatrical way; to speak for rhetorical display; to speak pompously, noisily, or theatrically; bemouth; to make an empty speech; to rehearse trite arguments in debate; to rant.

declaration /ˌdɛkləˈɹeɪʃən/ declarations n
deklaracja oświadczenie
A written or oral indication of a fact, opinion, intention, belief, etc.
deklaracja
A list of items for various legal purposes, e.g. customs declaration.
deklaracja zaświadczenie
The act or process of declaring.
(legal) In common law, the formal document specifying plaintiff's cause of action, including the facts necessary to sustain a proper cause of action, and to advise the defendant of the grounds upon which he is being sued.

declaration of war declarations of war n
wypowiedzenie wojny
A formal announcement by a country or other body with military capability that it is in a state of war with another such entity.

declaration of will declarations of will n
oświadczenie woli
(law) A private outward manifestation of intention which is directly aimed at bringing about a legal effect.

declarative /dɪˈklæɹətɪv/ /dɪˈklɛɹətɪv/ [dɪˈklæɹəɾɪv] [dɪˈklɛɹəɾɪv] adj
deklaratywny
Serving to declare; having the quality of a declaration.

declare /dəˈklɛɚ/ /dɪˈklɛə/ /dɪˈklɛɚ/ v
deklarować zadeklarować
(transitive, intransitive) To assert or announce formally, officially, explicitly, or emphatically.
(intransitive, politics) For a constituency in an election to officially announce the result

declare war v
wypowiadać wojnę wypowiedzieć wojnę
(of a governmental authority) To make a formal pronouncement, or sign a legal document, that initiates a state of war between one nation and another, usually before hostilities begin.
To announce one's intention to fiercely combat or eradicate something.

declassify /diːˈklæsɪfaɪ/ v
odtajniać odtajnić
to remove the classification from; to lift the restrictions on

declension /dɪˈklɛn.ʃən/ declensions n
deklinacja odmiana przez przypadki
(grammar) The act of declining a word; the act of listing the inflections of a noun, pronoun or adjective in order.
deklinacja odmiana (przez przypadki)
(grammar) A way of categorizing nouns, pronouns, or adjectives according to the inflections they receive.

declensional /dɪˈklɛnʃənəɫ/ adj
deklinacyjny odmienialny
(grammar) Pertaining to declension.

declinable /dɪˈklaɪnəbəɫ/ adj
odmienny
(grammar) Capable of being declined.

declination /ˌdɛklɪˈneɪʃən/ declinations n
odmowa

decline /dɪˈklaɪn/ v
deklinować odmieniać (przez przypadki)
(transitive, grammar, usually of substantives, adjectives and pronouns) To inflect for case, number, gender, and the like.

decoction /dɪˈkɒkʃən/ decoctions n
odwar wywar
An extraction or essence of something, obtained by boiling it down.

decoder /dɪˈkəʊdə(ɹ)/ decoders n
dekoder deszyfrator
A device that decodes a scrambled electronic signal e.g. of a satellite television signal

decolonization /diːˌkɒl.ə.naɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ decolonizations n
dekolonizacja
The freeing of a colony etc from dependent status by granting it independence.

decommunization n
dekomunizacja
The act, process, or result of decommunizing.

decommunize v
dekomunizować
(transitive) To divest of communism.

decomposability /diːkəmˌpəʊzəˈbɪlɪti/ decomposabilities n
rozkładalność
(uncountable) The condition of being decomposable

decomposable [diːkəmˈpəʊzəbəɫ] more decomposable most decomposable adj
rozkładalny

decompose /ˌdiːkəmˈpəʊz/ v
rozkładać rozłożyć
(transitive) To separate or break down (something) into its components; to disintegrate or fragment.
rozkładać się rozpadać się rozłożyć się
(intransitive) To rot, decay or putrefy.

decomposition /diːˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃən/ decompositions n
rozkład gnicie rozpad
A biological process through which organic material is reduced to e.g. compost.

decontamination /diːkənˌtæmɪˈneɪʃən/ decontaminations n
dekontaminacja odkażanie
The process of removing contamination, particularly the cleaning off of dangerous materials.

decor /deɪˈkoɹ/ /dɪˈkoɹ/ /ˈdeɪkoɹ/ /ˈdeɪkɔː(ɹ)/ /ˈdæekoː/ /ˈdɛkoɹ/ decors n
wystrój
The style of decoration of a room or building.

decorate /ˈdɛkəɹeɪt/ v
dekorować zdobić
(transitive) To furnish with decorations.

decoration /ˌdɛkəˈɹeɪʃən/ decorations n
dekoracja ozdoba
The act of adorning, embellishing, or honoring; ornamentation.
Any item that adorns, enriches, or beautifies; something added by way of embellishment or ornamentation.
dekoracja
Specifically, any mark of honor to be worn upon the person, as a medal, cross, or ribbon of an order of knighthood, bestowed for services in war, great achievements in literature, art, etc.

decorative /ˈdek.ə.ɹə.tɪv/ /ˈdɛk.ə.ɹə.tɪv/ /ˈdɛk.ɹə.tɪv/ [ˈdɛk.ə.ɹə.ɾɪv] [ˈdɛk.ɹə.ɾɪv] more decorative most decorative adj
dekoracyjny ozdobny dekoratywny
That serves to decorate

decorum /dɪˈkɔːɹəm/ decora decorums n
decorum dekorum
(uncountable) Appropriate social behavior.

decoy /ˈdiːkɔɪ/ decoys n
przynęta
A person or object meant to lure somebody into danger.

decrease /dɪˈkɹiːs/ /ˈdiːkɹiːs/ decreases n
spadek ubytek
An amount by which a quantity decreases or is decreased.

decree /dɪˈkɹiː/ decrees n
dekret zarządzenie
An edict or law.

decrementation /ˌdɛkɹəmənˈteɪʃən/ decrementations n
dekrementacja

decretal /dɪˈkɹiːtəɫ/ decretals n
dekret
(Roman Catholicism) A papal decree, particularly one derived from an ecclesiastical letter.

decriminalization /diːˌkɹɪmɪnəlaɪzˈeɪʃən/ n
dekryminalizacja
The act of making an activity or substance no longer criminalized (no longer a crime, subject to criminal penalties, to perform or possess). (Compare legalization, which often implies regulation.)
The act of ceasing to treat a person as a criminal, by making their activities legal or no longer subjecting them to the criminal justice system (but instead possibly the mental healthcare system, etc).

decrypt /diːˈkɹɪpt/ /dɪˈkɹɪpt/ /ˈdiːkɹɪpt/ v
deszyfrować odszyfrować
(transitive) To convert (an encrypted or coded message) back into plain text.

decuplet decuplets n
dziesięcioraczek
One of a group of ten, particularly one of ten babies born to the same mother at one time.

dedicate /ˈdɛdɪˌkeɪt/ /ˈdɛdɪˌkɪt/ v
dedcykować
(transitive) To set apart for a special use
dedykować zadedykować
(transitive) To address or inscribe (a literary work, for example) to another as a mark of respect or affection.

dedication /ˌdɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/ dedications n
dedykacja poświęcenie
(countable) A note addressed to a patron or friend, prefixed to a work of art as a token of respect, esteem, or affection.

dedovshchina /-dəf-/ /dɪdəvˈʃːinə/ n
diedowszczyna fala
Hazing, the informal system of subjection and abuse of new junior conscripts, formerly in the Soviet Armed Forces and today in the Russian, Ukrainian, etc. armed forces.

deduce /-ˈdjus/ /də-/ /dɪˈdjuːs/ /dɪˈdus/ /dɪˈdʒuːs/ v
wnioskować wywnioskować
(transitive) To reach (a conclusion) by applying rules of logic or other forms of reasoning to given premises or known facts.

deduction /diˈdʌkʃən/ /dɪˈdʊkʃən/ /dɪˈdʌkʃən/ deductions n
odliczenie
(law, finance) A sum withheld from an employee's pay for the purpose of paying tax.
dedukcja
(logic) A process of reasoning that moves from the general to the specific, in which a conclusion follows necessarily from the premises presented, so that the conclusion cannot be false if the premises are true.

deductive /dɪˈdʊktɪv/ /dɪˈdʌktɪv/ more deductive most deductive adj
dedukcyjny
Of, pertaining to, or based on deduction (process of reasoning).

deed /diːd/ deeds n
wyczyn
A brave or noteworthy action; a feat or exploit.

deem /dim/ /diːm/ v
uznać
(ditransitive) To hold in belief or estimation; to adjudge as a conclusion; to regard as being; to evaluate according to one's beliefs; to account.
uznawać
(ambitransitive) To think, judge, or have or hold as an opinion; to decide or believe on consideration; to suppose.

deep /diːp/ deeper deepest adj
pochłonięty zaabsorbowany
głęboki
Extending far down from the top, or surface, to the bottom, literally or figuratively.
Positioned or reaching far, especially down through something or into something.
(in combination) Extending to a level or length equivalent to the stated thing.
(sports, _, such as, _, soccer, tennis) Penetrating a long way, especially a long way forward.
Far in extent in another (non-downwards, but generally also non-upwards) direction away from a point of reference.
Voluminous.
In a (specified) number of rows or layers.
Hard to penetrate or comprehend; profound; intricate; obscure.
(of a color or flavour) Highly saturated; rich.
głęboki niski
(cricket, baseball, softball) Far from the center of the playing area, near to the boundary of the playing area, either in absolute terms or relative to a point of reference.
(sound, voice) Low in pitch.

deep /diːp/ deeper deepest more deep most deep adv
głęboko
(also deeply) In large volume.

deep /diːp/ deeps n
głębia
(literary, with "the") The deep part of a lake, sea, etc.
głębiny
(with "the") The sea, the ocean.

deep down adv
w głębi duszy
(idiomatic) Fundamentally; in essence; in reality

deep fryer deep fryers n
frytkownica
A heated vessel for frying food by immersing in hot oil, as opposed to shallow frying in a frying pan.

deep learning n
deep learning głębokie uczenie uczenie maszynowe
(computing) A form of machine learning based on the interpretation of the structure of data.

deep sleep deep sleeps n
twardy sen
(medicine) stage 3 of non-rapid eye movement sleep

deep-fried adj
głęboko smażony smażony w głębokim tłuszczu
(of food) Cooked in a deep fryer, typically after being coated in batter.

deep-rooted adj
głęboko zakorzeniony
(literally, of a plant) Having deep roots; (of a non-living object) deeply and firmly embedded (in the ground, etc.).
(figurative) Firmly established in thought or behaviour and difficult to change.

deepen /ˈdiːpən/ v
pogłębiać pogłębić
(transitive) To make deep or deeper

deeply /ˈdi(ː)pli/ deeplier deepliest more deeply most deeply adv
głęboko
At depth.
In a profound, not superficial, manner.

deepthroating deepthroatings n
uprawienie głębokiego gardła
The act of deepthroat.

deer /diːɹ/ /dɪə/ /dɪɹ/ deer deers n
jeleń
A ruminant mammal with antlers and hooves of the family Cervidae, or one of several similar animals from related families of the order Artiodactyla.

defamation /ˌdɛfəˈmeɪʃən/ defamations n
zniesławienie oszczerstwo
The act of injuring another person's reputation by any slanderous communication, written or oral; the wrong of maliciously injuring the good name of another.

defamatory /dɪˈfæmətɔɹi/ /dɪˈfæmətɹi/ more defamatory most defamatory adj
oszczerczy szkalujący
damaging to someone's reputation, especially if untrue

default /dɪˈfɑlt/ /dɪˈfɔlt/ /dɪˈfɔːlt/ /ˈdiːˌfɑlt/ /ˈdiːˌfɔlt/ /ˈdiːˌfɔːlt/ defaults n
wartość domyślna
(often, attributive) A value used when none has been given; a tentative value or standard that is presumed.

default /dɪˈfɑlt/ /dɪˈfɔlt/ /dɪˈfɔːlt/ /ˈdiːˌfɑlt/ /ˈdiːˌfɔlt/ /ˈdiːˌfɔːlt/ v
zalec zalegać

defeat /dɪˈfiːt/ defeats n
porażka
The act or instance of being defeated, of being overcome or vanquished; a loss.

defeat /dɪˈfiːt/ v
pokonywać pokonać
(transitive) To overcome in battle or contest.

defeated /dɪˈfiːtəd/ more defeated most defeated adj
pokonany
Subjugated, beaten, overcome.

defeatism /dɪˈfiːtɪzəm/ defeatisms n
defetyzm niedasizm
Acceptance of defeat without struggle.

defeatist /dɪˈfiːtɪst/ more defeatist most defeatist adj
defetystyczny
of, or relating to defeatism

defeatist /dɪˈfiːtɪst/ defeatists n
defetysta defetystka
someone who advocates defeatism, or has such an attitude

defeatistly more defeatistly most defeatistly adv
defetystycznie

defecate /ˈdɛfɪkeɪt/ /ˈdɛfɪkət/ v
defekować wypróżniać się wypróżnić się zdefekować

defecation /ˌdɛfəˈkeɪʃən/ /ˌdɛfɪˈkeɪʃən/ defecations n
defekacja wypróżnienie
The act or process of voiding feces from the bowels.
defekacja
Any of several processes for the removal of impurities, or for clarifying various materials.

defect /dɪˈfɛkt/ /ˈdiːfɛkt/ defects n
defekt usterka wada
A fault or malfunction.

defect /dɪˈfɛkt/ /ˈdiːfɛkt/ v
dezerterować zdezerterować
(military) To join the enemy army.

defective /dɪˈfɛktɪv/ more defective most defective adj
wadliwy felerny
Having one or more defects.
ułomny
(grammar, of a lexeme, especially a verb) Lacking some forms; e.g., having only one tense or being usable only in the third person.

defective verb defective verbs n
czasownik ułomny
(grammar) A verb with an incomplete conjugation; for example, one that can only be conjugated in certain persons and numbers.

defectless adj
bezusterkowy

defector /dɪˈfɛktə(ɹ)/ defectors n
dezerter dezerterka
One who defects.

defend /diˈfɛnd/ /dəˈfɛnd/ /dɪˈfɛnd/ v
bronić
(transitive) To ward off attacks against; to fight to protect; to guard.

defendant /dɪˈfɛnd.ənt/ defendants n
oskarżony pozwany oskarżona pozwana
(legal) In civil proceedings, the party responding to the complaint; one who is sued and called upon to make satisfaction for a wrong complained of by another.

defender /dɪˈfɛndə(ɹ)/ defenders n
obrońca obrończyni
Someone who defends people or property.
(law, rare) A lawyer who represents defendants, especially a public defender; a defense attorney (US) or defence counsel (UK).
obrońca
(sports) One of the players whose primary task is to prevent the opposition from scoring.

defenestrate /dəˈfɛnɪstɹeɪt/ /dɪˈfɛnɪstɹeɪt/ v
defenestrować
(transitive) To eject or throw (someone or something) from or through a window.
(computing, transitive, humorous, slang) To remove a Windows operating system from a computer.

defenestration /diˌfɛnəˈstɹeɪʃən/ /dɪˌfɛnɪˈstɹeɪʃ(ə)n/ /ˌdiː-/ defenestrations n
defenestracja
The act of throwing something or someone out of a window. [from c. 17th c.]

defense /dɪˈfɛns/ /ˈdiːˌfɛns/ defenses n
obrona
The action of defending or protecting from attack, danger, or injury.
Anything employed to oppose attack(s).
An argument in support or justification of something.

defenseless /dɪˈfɛnsləs/ more defenseless most defenseless adj
bezbronny bezradny bezsilny
Lacking any form of defense; vulnerable; open to attack.

defenselessly /dɪˈfɛnsləsli/ more defenselessly most defenselessly adv
bezbronnie bezradnie bezsilnie
In a defenseless manner.

defenselessness /dɪˈfɛnsləsnəs/ n
bezbronność bezradność bezsilność
The characteristic of being defenseless; vulnerability.

defensive /dɪˈfɛnsɪv/ more defensive most defensive adj
defensywny obronny
Intended for defence; protective.

defensive /dɪˈfɛnsɪv/ defensives n
defensywa
A means, attitude or position of defense.

defensive midfielder defensive midfielders n
defensywny pomocnik
(soccer) A midfield player who specialises more in defensive duties.

defer /dɪˈfɜː(ɹ)/ /dɪˈfɝ/ v
odkładać odraczać odroczyć odłożyć zwlekać
(intransitive) To delay, to wait.

deference /ˈdɛ.fɚ.əns/ /ˈdɛ.fɹəns/ /ˈdɛfəɹəns/ deferences n
atencja atentacja szacunek
Great respect.
posłuszeństwo
The willingness to carry out the wishes of others.

defiance /dɪˈfaɪ(j)əns/ defiances n
opór
The feeling, or spirit of being defiant.

defibrillator /diːˈfɪbɹɪleɪtə(ɹ)/ defibrillators n
defibrylator pastuch
(cardiology) An electronic device used internally or externally that delivers a controlled electric shock to a patient to correct ventricular fibrillation, a lack of coordination of the contraction of muscle tissue of the large chambers of the heart.

deficiency /dɪˈfɪʃənsi/ deficiencies n
deficyt niedobór
(uncountable) Inadequacy or incompleteness.
niedobór
(countable) An insufficiency, especially of something essential to health.

deficit /ˈdɛfəsɪt/ /ˈdɛfɪsɪt/ deficits n
deficyt
A situation wherein, or amount whereby, spending exceeds (e.g. government) revenue.

define /dɪˈfaɪn/ v
określać określić
To determine with precision; to mark out with distinctness; to ascertain or exhibit clearly.
definiować zdefiniować
To state the meaning of a word, phrase, sign, or symbol.

defined /dɪˈfaɪnd/ /dɪˈfʌɪnd/ more defined most defined adj
zdefiniowany
Having a definition or value.

definite /ˈdɛfənət/ /ˈdɛfənɪt/ /ˈdɛfɪnɪt/ more definite most definite adj
określony
Having distinct limits.
(linguistics) Designating an identified or immediately identifiable person or thing, or group of persons or things
jasny sprecyzowany
Free from any doubt.

definite article definite articles n
rodzajnik określony
(grammar) An article that introduces a noun and specifies it as the particular noun that is being considered; in English, the only definite article is the and its variations.

definite integral definite integrals n
całka oznaczona
(mathematics) The integral of a function between an upper and lower limit

definitely /ˈdɛf.nɪt.li/ /ˈdɛf.ə.nɪt.li/ /ˈdɛf.ɪ.nɪt.li/ more definitely most definitely adv
na pewno zdecydowanie
Without question and beyond doubt.

definition /ˌdɛf.əˈnɪʃ.ən/ /ˌdɛf.ɪˈnɪʃ.ən/ [ˌdɛf.əˈnɪʃ.n̩] [ˌdɛf.ɪˈnɪʃ.n̩] definitions n
definicja
(semantics, lexicography) A statement of the meaning of a word or word group or a sign or symbol (dictionary definitions).
A statement expressing the essential nature of something; formulation
The act of defining; determination of the limits.
A product of defining.
The action or power of describing, explaining, or making definite and clear.
rozdzielczość definicja
Clarity of visual presentation, distinctness of outline or detail.

definitively /dɪˈfɪnɪtɪvli/ more definitively most definitively adv
definitywnie niezaprzeczalnie ostatecznie zdecydowanie
In a way that is not only decisive, but also conclusive and final.

deflagration /ˌdɛfləˈɡɹeɪʃən/ deflagrations n
deflagracja
The act of deflagrating; an intense fire; a conflagration or explosion. Specifically, combustion that spreads subsonically via thermal conduction.

deflate /diːˈfleɪt/ v
spuszczać powietrze spuścić powietrze
(transitive) To cause an object to decrease or become smaller in some parameter, e.g. to shrink

deflation /dɪˈfleɪʃən/ deflations n
deflacja
(economics) A decrease in the general price level, that is, in the nominal cost of goods and services as well as wages.

defloration deflorations n
defloracja
the act of deflowering

deflower /diˈflaʊ.ɚ/ /dɪˈflaʊə(ɹ)/ v
rozdziewiczać
(transitive) To take the virginity of (somebody), especially a woman or girl.

defoliant /diːˈfəʊlɪənt/ defoliants n
defoliant
An agent used to defoliate plants.

deforest /dɪˈfɒɹɪst/ v
wylesiać wylesić
(transitive) To clear (an area) of forest.

deforestation /dɪˌfɒɹɪsˈteɪʃən/ /ˌdiːfɒɹɪsˈteɪʃən/ deforestations n
wylesianie
The process of destroying a forest and replacing it with something else, especially with an agricultural system.

deform /dəˈfɔɹm/ /dɪˈfɔːm/ v
deformować odkształcać odkształcić
(also, figuratively) To change the look of (something), usually thus making it imperfect or unattractive; to give (something) an abnormal or unusual appearance.
odkształcać odkształcić
To change the form of (something), usually thus making it disordered or irregular; to give (something) an abnormal or unusual shape.
odkształcać się odkształcić się
(intransitive) To become changed in shape or misshapen.

deformation /ˌdɛfəˈmeɪʃən/ deformations n
deformowanie odkształcanie zniekształcanie
The act of deforming, or state of being deformed.

deformed /dɪˈfɔːmd/ more deformed most deformed adj
zdeformowany zniekształcony
Unusual of shape; misshapen.

defragment /diːfɹæɡˈmɛnt/ /diːˈfɹæɡmɛnt/ v
defragmentować
(computing) To run a process that collects fragments of files and sorts them into contiguous sections on one or more hard disks or hard disk partitions, thus speeding up file management.

defragmentation /diːˌfɹæɡmənˈteɪʃən/ defragmentations n
defragmentacja
(computing) The action of defragmenting, particularly with respect to a computer disk or drive.

defragmenter /diːfɹæɡˈmɛntə(ɹ)/ defragmenters n
defragmentator
(computing) That which defragments; a program that performs defragmentation.

defray /dɪˈfɹeɪ/ v
opłacać opłacić pokrywać koszty pokryć koszty
To pay or discharge (a debt, expense etc.); to meet (the cost of something).

defrost /diːˈfɹɒst/ v
odmrozić rozmrozić
(transitive) To remove frost from.
odmrażać odmrozić rozmrozić
(transitive) To thaw something.

deft /dɛft/ defter deftest adj
zręczny
Quick and neat in action; skillful.

deftly /ˈdɛftli/ more deftly most deftly adv
zręcznie
In a deft manner; quickly and neatly in action.

defunct /dɪˈfʌŋkt/ /ˌdiˈfʌŋkt/ more defunct most defunct adj
wymarły
(now, _, rare) Deceased, dead.

defuse /diːˈfjuːz/ v
rozbrajać rozbroić
(transitive) To remove the fuse from (a bomb, etc.).
rozładować rozładowywać
(transitive, figurative) To make less dangerous, tense, or hostile.

degas v
odgazować
(transitive) To remove the gas from.

degenerate /dɪˈdʒɛnəɹeɪt/ /dɪˈdʒɛnəɹɪt/ more degenerate most degenerate adj
zdegenerowany
(of qualities) Having deteriorated, degraded or fallen from normal, coherent, balanced and desirable to undesirable and typically abnormal.
zdegenerowany zwyrodniały
(of a human or system) Having lost good or desirable qualities.

degenerate /dɪˈdʒɛnəɹeɪt/ /dɪˈdʒɛnəɹɪt/ degenerates n
degenerat degeneratka
One who is degenerate, who has fallen from previous stature; an immoral or corrupt person.

degenerate /dɪˈdʒɛnəɹeɪt/ /dɪˈdʒɛnəɹɪt/ v
degenerować się wykolejać się zwyrodnieć
(transitive) To cause to lose good or desirable qualities.

degeneration /dɪˌdʒɛnəˈɹeɪʃən/ degenerations n
degeneracja zwyrodnienie
(uncountable, countable) The process or state of growing worse, or the state of having become worse.
degeneracja
(uncountable) That condition of a tissue or an organ in which its vitality has become either diminished or perverted; a substitution of a lower for a higher form of structure.
zwyrodnienie
(uncountable) Gradual deterioration, from natural causes, of any class of animals or plants or any particular organ or organs; hereditary degradation of type.

degradable [dɪˈɡɹeɪdəbəɫ] more degradable most degradable adj
na podatny rozkład
Able to be chemically or biologically degraded.

degradation /ˌdɛɡɹəˈdeɪʃən/ degradations n
degradacja poniżenie
The act of reducing in rank, character, or reputation, or of abasing; a lowering from one's standing or rank in office or society
degradacja
Diminution or reduction of strength, efficacy, or value; degeneration; deterioration.
The state or condition of a species or group which exhibits degraded forms; degeneration.

degreaser degreasers n
odtłuszczacz
An industrial solvent, often containing polyhalogenated hydrocarbons, used to remove grease from mechanical parts.

degree /dɪˈɡɹiː/ degrees n
stopień naukowy
A stage of proficiency or qualification in a course of study, now especially an award bestowed by a university or, in some countries, a college, as a certification of academic achievement. (In the United States, can include secondary schools.) [from 14th c.]
stopień
(geometry) A unit of measurement of angle equal to 1⁄360 of a circle's circumference. [from 14th c.]
(physics) A unit of measurement of temperature on any of several scales, such as Celsius or Fahrenheit. [from 18th c.]
(algebra) The sum of the exponents of a term; the order of a polynomial. [from 18th c.]
(graph theory) The number of edges that a vertex takes part in; a valency.
The amount that an entity possesses a certain property; relative intensity, extent. [from 14th c.]

degree of comparison degrees of comparison n
stopień
(linguistics, grammar) A form of an adjective that indicates a different degree of the attribute the adjective denotes; like the positive, comparative and superlative forms.

degree of freedom degrees of freedom n
stopień swobody
(physics) Any of the coordinates, a minimum number of which are needed to specify the motion of a mechanical system.
(physics) Any of the independent variables required to specify the thermodynamic state of a system containing components and phases.
(mathematics) Any unrestricted variable in a frequency distribution.

degu degus n
koszatniczek koszatniczka koszatniczka pospolita
Any species of the genus Octodon, especially Octodon degus, a small, caviomorph rodent native to Chile.

dehiscence /dɪˈhɪsəns/ dehiscences n
ewentracja
(medicine) A rupture, as with a surgical wound opening up, often with a flow of serous fluid.

dehumanization /diːˌhjuːmənaɪˈzeɪʃən/ dehumanizations n
dehumanizacja odczłowieczenie
The act or process of dehumanizing.

dehumanize /diːˈhjuːmənaɪz/ v
dehumanizować zdehumanizować odczłowieczać odczłowieczyć
To take away humanity; to remove or deny human qualities, characteristics, or attributes; to impersonalize.

dehumidifier /diːˌhjuːˈmɪdɪfaɪ(j)ə(ɹ)/ dehumidifiers n
odwilżacz osuszacz
A device for removing the moisture content from air

dehydrate /diːhaɪdˈɹeɪt/ /diːˈhaɪdɹeɪt/ v
odwadniać odwodnić
(transitive) To remove water from; to dry up.
(intransitive) To lose water from one's body; to become dehydrated.

dehydrated /diːhaɪdˈɹeɪtəd/ /dəˈhaɪdɹeɪtəd/ [dəˈhaɪd͡ʒɹeɪdəd] more dehydrated most dehydrated adj
bezwodny odwodniony
From which the water has been removed.
odwodniony
Suffering from dehydration.

dehydration /dihaɪˈdɹeɪʃən/ /diːhaɪˈdɹeɪʃən/ dehydrations n
odwodnienie
The act or process of removing water from something.
The condition in which water in the body drops below normal levels, usually caused by illness, sweating or by not drinking enough.

dehydrogenase /diːˌhaɪdˈɹɒdʒəneɪz/ dehydrogenases n
dehydrogenaza
(enzyme) Any of several enzymes that catalyze the removal of hydrogen (a proton) from biological compounds.

deicide /ˈdeɪ.ə.saɪd/ /ˈdeɪ.ɪ.saɪd/ /ˈdi.ə.saɪd/ /ˈdiː.ɪ.saɪd/ deicides n
bogobójstwo
The killing of a deity; godslaughter.
bogobójca bogobójczyni
The killer of a deity.

deicing deicings n
odladzanie

deictic /ˈdaɪktɪk/ /ˈdeɪktɪk/ more deictic most deictic adj
deiktyczny
(grammar) Of or pertaining to deixis; to a word whose meaning is dependent on context.

deification deifications n
deifikacja
The act of deifying; exaltation to divine honors; apotheosis.

deify /ˈdeɪ.ə.faɪ/ /ˈdeɪ.ɪ.faɪ/ /ˈdiː.ə.faɪ/ /ˈdiː.ɪ.faɪ/ v
ubóstwiać deifikować
(transitive) To make a god of (something or someone).

deign /deɪn/ v
raczyć
(transitive) To condescend to give; to do something.

deindustrialization deindustrializations n
dezindustrializacja odprzemysłowienie

deism /ˈdeɪ-/ /ˈdiːɪz(ə)m/ deisms n
deizm
A philosophical belief in the existence of a god (or goddess) knowable through human reason; especially, a belief in a creator god unaccompanied by any belief in supernatural phenomena or specific religious doctrines.

deist /ˈdeɪ.ɪst/ /ˈdiː.ɪst/ deists n
deista deistka
(religion) a person who believes in deism.

deity /ˈdeɪ.ə.ti/ /ˈdeɪ.ɪ.tɪ/ /ˈdi.ə.ti/ /ˈdiː.ɪ.tɪ/ [ˈdeɪ̯-] [ˈdeɪ̯.ə.ɾi] [ˈdi.ə.ɾi] deities n
bóstwo bożyszcze

dejected /dɪˈdʒɛktəd/ more dejected most dejected adj
przygnębiony
Sad and dispirited.

dejection /dəˈd͡ʒɛkʃən/ /dɪˈdʒɛkʃən/ dejections n
przygnębienie strapienie
A state of melancholy or depression; low spirits, the blues.

dekulakize /dɪˈkulæˌkaɪz/ /dɪˈkuːlækaɪz/ v
rozkułaczyć
(transitive, historical) Usually with reference to the Soviet Union and communist Eastern Europe: to dispossess a kulak (that is, a prosperous peasant) of his or her property and/or rights. [from 20th c.]

del credere adv
del credere

delation /diˈleɪʃn̩/ /dɪˈleɪʃn̩/ delations n
delacja
(legal) An accusation or charge brought against someone, especially by an informer; the act of accusing someone.

delay /dəˈleɪ/ /dɪ-/ /dɪˈleɪ/ delays n
opóźnienie
A period of time before an event occurs; the act of delaying; procrastination; lingering inactivity.

delay /dəˈleɪ/ /dɪ-/ /dɪˈleɪ/ v
opóźniać opóźnić
(ambitransitive) To put off until a later time; to defer.

delayed-onset muscle soreness n
zakwasy
(medicine) The pain and stiffness felt in muscles several hours to days after unaccustomed or strenuous exercise.

delegate /ˈdɛlɪɡət/ /ˈdɛlɪˌɡeɪt/ delegates n
delegat delegatka
A person authorized to act as representative for another; a deputy.
(US) An appointed representative in some legislative bodies.

delegation /dɛlɪˈɡeɪʃən/ delegations n
delegacja delegowanie
(legal) The act whereby or constellation in which the performance of an obligation (owed to an obligee, presuming its validity; irrespective of the obligation as the target of the delegation, rarely called delegatary) is assigned by its debtor (delegator, obligor) to and towards another party (delegatee, delegate)

delegitimization delegitimizations n
delegitymizacja
The act or process of delegitimizing.

delete /diˈliːt/ /dəˈliːt/ /dɪˈliːt/ v
usuwać
To remove, get rid of or erase, especially written or printed material, or data on a computer or other device. [from 1600s]

deleterious /ˌdɛləˈtɪɹi.əs/ /ˌdɛlɪˈtɪəɹi.əs/ /ˌdɪlɪˈtɪəɹi.əs/ more deleterious most deleterious adj
szkodliwy
Harmful, often in a subtle or unexpected way.

deletion /dɪˈliːʃən/ deletions n
skasowanie usunięcie
The act of deleting. [c. 1600]

deliberate /dəˈlɪbəɹeɪt/ /dəˈlɪbəɹət/ /dɪˈlɪbəɹeɪt/ /dɪˈlɪbəɹət/ more deliberate most deliberate adj
celowy umyślny zamierzony rozmyślny świadomy
Done on purpose; intentional.
przemyślany
Formed with deliberation; carefully considered; not sudden or rash.
niespieszny nieśpieszny przemyślany rozważny
Of a person, weighing facts and arguments with a view to a choice or decision; carefully considering the probable consequences of a step; slow in determining.
niespieszny nieśpieszny
Not hasty or sudden; slow.

deliberation /dɪˌlɪbəˈɹeɪʃən/ deliberations n
deliberacja obrady
The act of deliberating, or of weighing and examining the reasons for and against a choice or measure; careful consideration; mature reflection.

delicacy /ˈdɛlɪkəsi/ delicacies n
delikatność finezja subtelność
The quality of being delicate.
delicje delikates przysmak
Something appealing, usually a pleasing food, especially a choice dish of a certain culture suggesting rarity and refinement.

delicate /ˈdɛlɪkət/ more delicate most delicate adj
delikatny
Easily damaged or requiring careful handling.
Characterized by a fine structure or thin lines.
Intended for use with fragile items.
Refined; gentle; scrupulous not to trespass or offend; considerate; said of manners, conduct, or feelings.
Light, or softly tinted; said of a colour.

delicatessen /ˌdɛlɪkəˈtɛsən/ delicatessens n
delikatesy
A shop that sells cooked or prepared foods ready for serving.

delicious /diˈlɪʃəs/ /dəˈlɪʃəs/ /dɪˈlɪʃəs/ more delicious most delicious adj
smaczny pyszny dobry wyśmienity
(colloquial, figurative) Pleasing to a person's taste; pleasing to the eyes or mind.

delict /dɪˈlɪkt/ /ˈdiːlɪkt/ delicts n
delikt
(civil law, Scots law) A wrongful act, analogous to a tort in common law. [from the early 16th c.]

delight /dəˈlaɪt/ /dɪˈlaɪt/ delights n
radość przyjemność rozkosz zachwyt
Joy; pleasure.

delight /dəˈlaɪt/ /dɪˈlaɪt/ v
cieszyć radować zachwycać
To give delight to; to affect with great pleasure; to please highly.

delinquency /dɪˈlɪŋkwənsi/ delinquencies n
występek
Misconduct.
przestępstwo
A criminal offense.

delinquent /dɪˈlɪŋkwənt/ delinquents n
delikwent
One who disobeys or breaks rules or laws, or who acts against another's wishes.

delirium /dɪˈlɪ.ɹi.əm/ /dɪˈlɪɹ.i.əm/ deliria deliriums n
delirium delirka majaczenie
(symptom) A temporary mental state with a sudden onset, usually reversible, including symptoms of confusion, inability to concentrate, disorientation, anxiety, and sometimes hallucinations. Causes can include dehydration, drug intoxication, and severe infection.

delirium tremens n
biała gorączka delirium tremens delirka
(pathology) A psychosis of chronic alcoholism, usually due to alcohol withdrawal, which can be fatal. Symptoms include sweating, tremors, terrifying hallucinations, insomnia, restlessness, disorientation and anxiety.

deliver /dɪˈlɪvə(ɹ)/ /dɪˈlɪvɚ/ v
wybawiać wybawić
To set free from restraint or danger.
dostarczyć dostarczać
To bring or transport something to its destination.

delivery /dɪˈlɪv(ə)ɹi/ deliveries n
dostawa
The act of conveying something.
The item which has been conveyed.
poród
The act of giving birth

deliveryman deliverymen n
dostawca
Someone employed to make deliveries.

delta /ˈdɛltə/ [ˈdɛɫtə] deltas n
delta
The fourth letter of the modern Greek alphabet Δ, δ.
A landform at the mouth of a river where it empties into a body of water.
(mathematics, physics, engineering) The symbol Δ; A change in a quantity, likely from "d" for "difference".
trójkąt
(electrical, often, attributive) The closed figure produced by connecting three coils or circuits successively, end for end, especially in a three-phase system.

deluge /dəˈlud͡ʒ/ /ˈdi.lud͡ʒ/ /ˈdɛ.lud͡ʒ/ /ˈdɛl.jud͡ʒ/ /ˈdɛl.juːdʒ/ deluges n
potop
A great flood or rain.
potop zalew
An overwhelming amount of something; anything that overwhelms or causes great destruction.

delusion /dɪˈl(j)uːzjən/ /dɪˈl(j)uːʒ(ə)n/ delusions n
omam omamienie przywidzenie ułuda złuda złudzenie
The state of being deluded or misled, or process of deluding somebody.

delusion of grandeur delusions of grandeur n
kompleks wyższości megalomania
(usually, in the plural) The false belief that one is important or powerful, accompanying certain mental disorders.

delusional disorder delusional disorders n
paranoja
A mental disorder characterized by isolated delusions without any accompanying symptoms like hallucinations, thought disorder or flat affect.

demagnetization demagnetizations n
odmagnesowanie rozmagnesowanie
The process of removing the magnetic field from an object.

demagnetize v
rozmagnesować rozmagnesowywać
(transitive) To make something nonmagnetic by removing its magnetic properties.

demagnetized more demagnetized most demagnetized adj
rozmagnesowany
From which all magnetism has been removed.

demagogic more demagogic most demagogic adj
demagogiczny
of or pertaining to demagogy or a demagogue.

demagogue /ˈdɛməɡɑɡ/ /ˈdɛməɡɒɡ/ /ˈdɛməɡɔɡ/ demagogues n
demagog
(pejorative) A political orator or leader, especially in a democratic system, who gains favor by pandering to or exciting the passions and prejudices of the audience rather than by using rational argument.

demagogy demagogies n
demagogia
demagogism

demand /dəˈmænd/ /dɪˈmænd/ /dɪˈmɑːnd/ demands n
popyt
The desire to purchase goods and services.
(economics) The amount of a good or service that consumers are willing to buy at a particular price.
wymaganie
A forceful claim for something.
żądanie
A requirement.
An urgent request.

demand /dəˈmænd/ /dɪˈmænd/ /dɪˈmɑːnd/ v
wymagać żądać
To request forcefully.

demand account demand accounts n
rachunek wkładów a vista

demand deposit demand deposits n
depozyt na żądanie
(banking) A bank deposit that may be withdrawn without notice.

demanding /dəˈmændɪŋ/ /dɪˈmɑːndɪŋ/ more demanding most demanding adj
wymagający
Requiring much endurance, strength, or patience.

dematerialization /diːməˌtɪəɹɪəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ dematerializations n
dematerializacja
The act or process of dematerializing, or becoming immaterial.
(finance, legal) The substitution of paper-form securities by book-entry securities.

dematerialize /ˌdi.məˈtɪɹ.i.ə.laɪz/ /ˌdiː.məˈtɪə.ɹɪ.ə.laɪz/ v
dematerializować zdematerializować
(intransitive) To disappear by becoming immaterial.
(transitive) To cause something to disappear by making it immaterial.

demeaning more demeaning most demeaning adj
poniżający
degrading; that degrades

dementedly more dementedly most dementedly adv
bezrozumnie

dementedness n
bezrozum bezrozumność
The quality of being demented.

dementia /dɪˈmɛnʃə/ dementiae dementias n
demencja otępienie
(pathology) A progressive decline in cognitive function due to damage or disease in the brain beyond what might be expected from normal aging. Areas particularly affected include memory, attention, judgement, language and problem solving.

demesne /dɪˈmeɪn/ /dɪˈmiːn/ demesnes n
domena dominium
A lord's chief manor place, with that part of the lands belonging thereto which has not been granted out in tenancy; a house, and the land adjoining, kept for the proprietor's own use.

demibra demibras n
bardotka

demicup demicups n
bardotka

demigod /ˈdɛmiɡɑd/ /ˈdɛmiɡɒd/ demigods n
półbóg bóstwo
A half-god or hero; the offspring of a deity and a mortal.

demijohn /ˈdɛmɪdʒɒn/ demijohns n
baniak gąsior
A large bottle with a short neck, sometimes with two small handles at the neck, sometimes encased in wickerwork.

demilitarisation demilitarisations n
demilitaryzacja
The removal of a military force, usually at the end of hostilities or as part of a treaty.

demilitarize /dɪˈmɪlɪtəɹaɪz/ v
demilitaryzować
To remove troops from an area.

demilitarized /dɪˈmɪlɪtəɹaɪzd/ adj
zdemilitaryzowany
Declared free of all military activity.

demilitarized zone demilitarized zones n
strefa zdemilitaryzowana
(military) An area, often on a border between military factions, in which military forces and operations are prohibited. (This sense is a translation hub.)

demimonde /ˈdɛmiˌmɑnd/ /ˈdɛmiːmɒnd/ demimondes n
półświatek
(by extension) A group having little respect or reputation.

demine v
rozminować rozminowywać
(transitive) To remove explosive mines (landmines or naval mines) from.

deminer deminers n
osoba, która rozminowuje
One who removes explosive mines.

demise /dɪˈmaɪz/ demises n
śmierć zgon
(countable) Death.

demisemiquaver /dɛmɪˈsɛmɪkweɪvə(ɹ)/ demisemiquavers n
trzydziestodwójka
(music) A thirty-second note, drawn as a crotchet with three tails.

demiurge /ˈdiː-/ /ˈdɛ.miˌɚd͡ʒ/ /ˈdɛ.mɪ.ɜːdʒ/ demiurges n
demiurg
(Platonic, _, philosophy) The (usually benevolent) being that created the universe out of primal matter.

demo /ˈdɛm.oʊ/ /ˈdɛm.əʊ/ demos n
reklamówka
(informal) An example of a product used for demonstration and then sold at a discount.

demobilization /diːˌməʊbɪlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ demobilizations n
demobilizacja
The disorganization or disarming of troops which have previously been mobilized or called into active service; the change from a war footing to a peace footing; the act of demobilizing.

democracy /dɪˈmɑ.kɹə.si/ /dɪˈmɒk.ɹə.si/ /dɪˈmɔk.ɹə.si/ democracies n
demokracja ludowładztwo
(uncountable) Rule by the people, especially as a form of government; either directly or through elected representatives (representative democracy).
demokracja
(countable, government) A government under the direct or representative rule of the people of its jurisdiction.

democrat /ˈdɛməkɹæt/ democrats n
demokrata demokratka
A supporter of democracy; an advocate of democratic politics (originally (historical) as opposed to the aristocrats in Revolutionary France).

democratic /ˌdɛməˈkɹætɪk/ [-ɾɪk] more democratic most democratic adj
demokratyczny
Pertaining to democracy; constructed upon or in line with the principle of government chosen by the people.

democratic socialism democratic socialisms n
socjalizm demokratyczny
Any form of socialism based on democratic principles and institutions.

democratically /dɛməˈkɹætɪkəli/ more democratically most democratically adv
demokratycznie
In a democratic way.

democratization democratizations n
demokratyzacja
The introduction of democracy, its functions or principles, to an area or country which did not have democracy previously.

democratize /dɪˈmɒkɹətaɪz/ v
demokratyzować zdemokratyzować
(transitive) To make democratic.

demographer /dɪˈmɒɡɹəfə(ɹ)/ demographers n
demograf demografka
a person who studies demography

demographic /ˌdɛm.əˈɡɹæf.ɪk/ more demographic most demographic adj
demograficzny
Of or pertaining to demography.

demography /dɪˈmɒɡɹəfi/ demographies n
demografia
The study of the characteristics of human populations, especially with regards to their makeup and fluctuations and the social causes behind these.

demoiselle demoiselles n
świtezianka
A damselfly of the family Calopterygidae.

demolish /dəˈmɒl.ɪʃ/ v
burzyć niszczyć zburzyć zdemolować
(literally) To destroy (buildings, etc.), especially in a planned or intentional fashion.

demolition /ˌdɛm.əˈlɪʃ.ən/ [ˌdɛm.əˈlɪʃ.n̩] demolitions n
rozbiórka
The process of demolishing or destroying buildings or other structures.

demon /ˈdiː.mən/ demons n
demon bies czort
An evil spirit resident in or working for Hell; a devil. [from 10th c.]

demon core pn
Diabelski rdzeń
(historical) A spherical subcritical mass of plutonium manufactured during World War II by the United States as a fissile core for an early atomic bomb.

demonetize /diˈmɑnətaɪz/ /diːˈmʊnətaɪz/ /diːˈmʌnətaɪz/ v
wycofać z obiegu wycofywać z obiegu
(Internet, transitive) To demote (published content, or its creator) so that it is no longer eligible to earn money for its publisher.

demonic /dɪˈmɒnɪk/ more demonic most demonic adj
demoniczny biesowski
Pertaining to demons or evil spirits; demoniac.

demonically more demonically most demonically adv
demonicznie
In a demonic way.

demonization demonizations n
demonizacja
The act of demonizing.

demonize /ˈdiːmənaɪz/ v
demonizować
To turn into a demon.
demonizować diabolizować
To describe or represent as evil or diabolic, usually falsely.

demonological adj
demonologiczny
Of or pertaining to demonology.

demonology /ˌdiːməˈnɑːləd͡ʒi/ /ˌdiːməˈnɒlədʒi/ demonologies n
demonologia
The study of demons, especially the incantations required to summon and control them.

demonstrable /dɪˈmɑnstɹəbl̩/ /ˈdɛmənstɹəbl̩/ more demonstrable most demonstrable adj
wykazalny
Able to be demonstrated.

demonstrably more demonstrably most demonstrably adv
wykazalnie
In such a manner that is capable of being demonstrated, shown, or proved.

demonstrate /ˈdɛmənstɹeɪt/ v
demonstrować zademonstrować
(transitive) to show how to use (something).
to show the steps taken to create a logical argument or equation.
(intransitive) to participate in or organize a demonstration.

demonstration /dɛmənˈstɹeɪʃən/ demonstrations n
demonstracja
The act of demonstrating; showing or explaining something.
An event at which something will be demonstrated.
A public display of group opinion, such as a protest march.
A show of military force.

demonstrator /ˈdɛmənstɹeɪtə(ɹ)/ demonstrators n
demonstrant demonstrantka
One who takes part in a demonstration; a protester.
One who demonstrates products in a retail environment; a merchandiser.

demotion demotions n
degradacja
An act of demoting; a lowering of rank or status.

demotivate /ˌdiːˈmoʊtɪveɪt/ /ˌdiːˈməʊtɪveɪt/ v
demotywować zdemotywować
To decrease the motivation of a person or a group.

demotivating adj
demotywujący zniechęcający

demotivation demotivations n
demotywacja
A feeling or state of being demotivated.

demotivator demotivators n
demotywator
One who, or that which, demotivates.

demur /dɪˈmɜː/ /dɪˈmɝ/ demurs n
obiekcja
An act of hesitation as to proceeding; a scruple; also, a suspension of action or decision; a pause, a stop.

demystify /diːˈmɪstɪfaɪ/ v
odczarować odczarowywać
(transitive) To remove the mystery from something; to explain or clarify.

den /dɛn/ /dɪn/ dens n
jama nora pieczara barłóg legowisko leże
A small cavern or hollow place in the side of a hill, or among rocks; especially, a cave used by a wild animal for shelter or concealment.
A group of Cub Scouts of the same age who work on projects together.
melina speluna
A squalid or wretched place; a haunt.

denar /ˈdeɪnɑː(ɹ)/ /ˈdɛnɑː(ɹ)/ denari denars n
denar
The currency of North Macedonia, divided into 100 deni.

denarius /dɪˈnɑɹi.əs/ /dɪˈnɑːɹɪ.əs/ /dɪˈnɛəɹɪ.əs/ /dɪˈnɛɚ.i.əs/ /dɪˈnɛɹi.əs/ denarii denariuses n
denar
(Ancient Rome, numismatics) A small silver coin issued both during the Roman Republic and during the Roman Empire, equal to 10 asses or 4 sesterces.

denationalize /diːˈnæʃ(ə)nəlaɪz/ v
wynaradawiać wynarodawiać wynarodowić
(transitive) To transfer the control and ownership of an industry from government to private hands; to privatize.

denature /diːˈneɪtjə(ɹ)/ /diːˈneɪtʃə(ɹ)/ v
denaturować
(transitive) To add something to (alcohol) that makes it unsuitable for consumption but leaves it suitable for most other purposes.
(transitive, intransitive, biochemistry) To alter its original form or state, especially of a protein, by heat, acidity etc.

denatured alcohol denatured alcohols n
denaturat
(US) Reasonably pure ethyl alcohol for industrial purposes that has been made unfit for consumption by the addition of a poisonous substance such as acetone or methyl alcohol

denazification denazifications n
denazyfikacja
The process of the removal of Nazis from public office and positions of responsibility in Germany and Austria after World War II.

denazify v
denazyfikować zdenazyfikować
(transitive) To free from Nazi influence.

dendr- /dɛn.dɹ/ prefix
dendro-
Used to form words concerning trees or branching

dendrochronology n
dendrochronologia
(biology, archaeology) The science that uses the spacing between the annual growth rings of trees to date their exact year of formation.

dendrogram /ˈdɛndɹəɡɹæm/ dendrograms n
dendrogram
(biology) A tree-like diagram used to show the ancestors and descendants of species

dendrologist /dɛndˈɹɒlədʒɪst/ dendrologists n
dendrolog dendrolożka

dendrology /dɛndˈɹɑlədʒi/ /dɛndˈɹɒlədʒi/ n
dendrologia
the study of trees and other woody plants

dengue /ˈdɛŋɡeɪ/ /ˈdɛŋɡi/ /ˈɖɛŋɡi/ /ˈɖɛŋɡu/ /ˈɖɛŋɡɛ/ dengues n
denga
An acute febrile disease of the (sub)tropics caused by the Dengue virus, a flavivirus, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, and characterized by high fever, rash, headache, and severe muscle and joint pain.

dengue fever /ˈdɛŋɡeɪ ˈfiːvə/ /ˈdɛŋɡeɪ ˈfiːvɚ/ /ˈdɛŋɡiː ˈfiːvɚ/ n
denga
An acute febrile and sometimes hemorrhagic disease endemic to the tropics, caused by varieties of the species Dengue virus, and primarily transmitted to humans from mosquitoes, though human-to-human transmission is also well documented.

deniability /dɪˌnaɪ(j)əˈbɪlɪti/ deniabilities n
zaprzeczalność
(uncountable) The condition of being deniable.

deniable /dɪˈnaɪ(j)əbəɫ/ more deniable most deniable adj
wątpliwy zaprzeczalny
Able to be denied or contradicted

denial /dɪˈnaɪ.əl/ denials n
zaprzeczenie
(logic) The negation in logic.
odmowa
(psychology) A defense mechanism involving a refusal to accept the truth of a phenomenon or prospect.

denialism /dɪˈnaɪ(j)əlɪzəm/ denialisms n
negatywizm
The practice of rejecting propositions which are strongly supported by scientific or historical evidence, and often of seeking to influence policy processes and outcomes accordingly.

denialist /dɪˈnaɪ(j)əlɪst/ denialists n
denialista denialistaka
(derogatory) One who denies an assertion in a controversial debate.

denigrate /ˈdɛn.ɪ.ɡɹeɪt/ v
oczerniać uwłaczać
(transitive) To criticise so as to besmirch; traduce, disparage or defame.
pomniejszyć umniejszać
(transitive) To treat as worthless; belittle, degrade or disparage.

denim /ˈdɛnɪm/ denims n
dżins teksas denim jeans
A textile often made of cotton with a distinct diagonal pattern.

denizen /ˈdɛn.ɪ.zən/ denizens n
mieszkaniec bywalczyni bywalec mieszkanka
An inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in a certain place.

denomination /dɪˌnɒmɪˈneɪʃən/ denominations n
nominał
(countable) A unit in a series of units of weight, money, etc.

denominational adj
denominacyjny wyznaniowy
Of or pertaining to a denomination.

denominator /dɪˈnɒmɪneɪtə(ɹ)/ denominators n
mianownik
(arithmetic) The number or expression written below the line in a fraction (such as 2 in ½).

denounce /diˈnaʊns/ /dəˈnaʊns/ v
zadenuncjować
(transitive, obsolete) To make known in a formal manner; to proclaim; to announce; to declare.
potępić
(transitive) To criticize or speak out against (someone or something); to point out as deserving of reprehension, etc.; to openly accuse or condemn in a threatening manner; to invoke censure upon; to stigmatize; to blame.
wypowiedzieć
(transitive) To announce the termination of; especially a treaty or armistice.

dense /dɛns/ denser densest adj
gęsty szczelny
Having relatively high density.
zbity zwarty
Compact; crowded together.
gęsty
(mathematics, topology) Being a subset of a topological space that approximates the space well. See the Wikipedia article on dense sets for a mathematical definition.
tępy
Slow to comprehend; of low intelligence. (of a person)

density /ˈdɛn.sə.ti/ /ˈdɛn.sɪ.ti/ [ˈdɛn.sə.ɾi] densities n
gęstość
(physics) A measure of the mass of matter contained by a unit volume.
The ratio of one quantity, representing something of interest, to another quantity representing space, area, or extent in which the thing of interest is distributed.
(mathematics, statistics) The probability that an outcome will fall into a given range, per unit of that range; the relative likelihood of possible values of a continuous random variable.

dent /dɛnt/ dents n
wgniecenie
A shallow deformation in the surface of an object, produced by an impact.

dental /ˈdɛn.tl̩/ /ˈdɛn.təl/ [ˈdɛn.(ɾ)əɫ] [ˈdɛn.(ɾ)ɫ̩] [ˈdɛn.əɫ] [ˈdɛɾ̃.əɫ] [ˈdɛɾ̃.ɫ̩] more dental most dental adj
dentystyczny stomatologiczny
(dentistry, relational) Of or concerning dentistry.
zębowy
(phonetics) Made with the tip of the tongue touching the upper front teeth or the alveolar ridge.

dental calculus n
kamień nazębny
A hard crust of calcium salts and food particles on the teeth, developing from plaque.

dental caries n
próchnica zębów
A disease of the teeth resulting in damage to tooth structure.

dental dam dental dams n
koferdam ślinochron
(dentistry) A thin, flexible piece of latex or similar material used to isolate one or more teeth during some dental procedures.

dental floss dental flosses n
nić dentystyczna
A cord of thin filaments used to clean the gaps between the teeth.

dentialveolar adj
zębowo-dziąsłowy denti-alweolarny dziąsłowo-zębowy

dentin dentins n
zębina
The hard, dense calcareous material that makes up the bulk of a tooth.

dentist /ˈdɛntɪst/ dentists n
dentysta dentystka
A medical doctor who specializes in teeth.

dentistry /ˈdɛntɪstɹi/ dentistries n
dentystyka stomatologia
(uncountable) The field of medicine concerned with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of conditions of the teeth and oral cavity.
stomatologia
(uncountable) Operations performed on teeth and adjoining areas such as drilling, filling cavities, and placing crowns and bridges.

denture /ˈdɛntjə(ɹ)/ /ˈdɛntʃə(ɹ)/ /ˈdɛnt͡ʃə(ɹ)/ dentures n
proteza

denuclearization denuclearizations n
denuklearyzacja
The act or process of denuclearizing.

denude /dɪˈnjuːd/ v
obnażać obnażyć
To divest of all covering; to make bare or naked; to strip.

denunciation /dɪˌnʊnsiˈeɪʃən/ /dɪˌnʌnsiˈeɪʃən/ denunciations n
denuncjacja donos
The act of denouncing; an accusation made in public

deny /dəˈnaɪ/ /dɪ-/ /dɪˈnaɪ/ v
zaprzeczać negować kwestionować przeczyć
(transitive) To assert that something is not true.

deodorant /diˈoʊdəɹənt/ /diˈəʊdəɹənt/ deodorants n
dezodorant
An odor-controlling substance applied to the underarm to counteract odor from perspiration.
Any agent acting to eliminate, reduce, mask, or control odor.

deoxyribonucleic /di.ɒk.sɪˌɹaɪ.bəʊ.njuːˈkleɪ.ɪk/ /di.ɔk.siˌɹaɪ.boʊ.nuːˈkleɪ.ɪk/ adj
deoksyrybonukleinowy dezoksyrybonukleinowy
(genetics) Of or pertaining to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or its derivatives.

deoxyribonucleic acid n
kwas deoksyrybonukleinowy kwas dezoksyrybonukleinowy
(biochemistry, genetics) A nucleic acid found in all living things (and some non-living things such as certain viruses) which consists of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix; encoded in its structure are genetic instructions for development, functioning, growth, and reproduction.

deoxyribose deoxyriboses n
deoksyryboza dezoksyryboza
(carbohydrate) A derivative of the pentose sugar ribose in which the 2' hydroxyl (-OH) is reduced to a hydrogen (H); it is a constituent of the nucleotides that constitute the biopolymer, deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA.

depart /dɪˈpɑɹt/ /dɪˈpɑːt/ v
odjechać odjeżdżać odchodzić odejść odlatywać odlecieć
(intransitive, figurative) To disappear, vanish; to cease to exist.
odjechać odjeżdżać opuścić odchodzić odejść odlatywać
(transitive) To go away from; to leave.

department /dɪˈpɑɹtmənt/ /dɪˈpɑːtm(ə)nt/ departments n
wydział dział
A part, portion, or subdivision.
oddział agenda departament dział
A subdivision of an organization.

department store department stores n
dom towarowy dom handlowy
A large store containing many different departments, each of which deals in the sale of different goods or services.

departure lounge departure lounges n
hala odlotów
A waiting room at an airport for those who are due to depart on a flight.

depenalization depenalizations n
depenalizacja

depend /di-/ /də-/ /dɪˈpɛnd/ v
zależeć
(intransitive, followed by on or upon, formerly also by of) To be contingent or conditioned; to have something as a necessary condition; to hinge on.
polegać
(intransitive, usually followed by on or upon) To trust; to have confidence; to rely.

dependability dependabilities n
bezawaryjność niezawodność
The characteristic of being dependable; the ability to be depended upon.

dependable [dɪˈpɛndəbəɫ] more dependable most dependable adj
niezawodny
Able, or easily able to be depended on.

dependably more dependably most dependably adv
bezawaryjnie

dependence /dɪˈpɛndəns/ dependences n
zależność bluszczowatość bluszczowość
The state of being dependent, of relying upon another.

dependency injection dependency injections n
wstrzykiwanie zależności
(software architecture) A type-safe way of supplying an external dependency to a software component.

dependent /dɪˈpɛndənt/ more dependent most dependent adj
zależny uzależniony bluszczowaty bluszczowy
Relying upon; depending upon.

depiction /dɪˈpɪkʃən/ depictions n
przedstawienie
(countable) A lifelike image of something, either verbal or visual.

depilate /ˈdɛpɪleɪt/ v
depilować wydepilować
To remove hair from the body.

deplore /dɪˈplo(ː)ɹ/ /dɪˈploə/ /dɪˈplɔɹ/ /dɪˈplɔː/ v
opłakiwać
(transitive) To bewail; to weep bitterly over; to feel sorrow for.

depopulate /diˈpɑpjəleɪt/ /diːˈpɒpjəleɪt/ v
wyludniać wyludnić
(transitive) To reduce the population of a region by disease, war, forced relocation etc.

depopulation /diːˌpɒpjəˈleɪʃən/ depopulations n
depopulacja wyludnienie
The act of depopulating or condition of being depopulated; the destruction or expulsion of inhabitants.

deport /dɪˈpoət/ /dɪˈpoɹt/ /dɪˈpɔɹt/ /dɪˈpɔːt/ v
deportować wyganiać wygnać
(transitive) To evict, especially from a country.

deportation /diːˌpɔːˈteɪʃən/ deportations n
deportacja
The act of deporting or exiling, or the state of being deported; banishment; transportation.

depose /diˈpoʊz/ /dəˈpoʊz/ /dɪˈpəʊz/ v
detronizować dymisjonować odwołać odwoływać zdetronizować zdymisjonować
(transitive) To remove (a leader) from (high) office, without killing the incumbent.

deposit /dɪˈpɑzɪt/ /dɪˈpɒzɪt/ deposits n
złoże osad
(geology) Sediment or rock that is not native to its present location or is different from the surrounding material. Sometimes refers to ore or gems.
depozyt wpłata
(banking) Money placed in an account.
osad ślad
Anything left behind on a surface.
zaliczka
(finance) A sum of money or other asset given as an initial payment, to show good faith, or to reserve something for purchase.
kaucja
A sum of money given as a security for a borrowed item, which will be given back when the item is returned, e.g. a bottle deposit or can deposit

deposit /dɪˈpɑzɪt/ /dɪˈpɒzɪt/ v
osadzać osadzić składać złożyć
(transitive) To lay down; to place; to put.
deponować powierzać powierzyć zdeponować
To entrust one's assets to the care of another. Sometimes done as collateral.
wpłacać wpłacić
(transitive) To put money or funds into an account.

deposition /ˌdɛp.əˈzɪʃ.ən/ depositions n
depozycja
The removal of someone from office.
The act of depositing material, especially by a natural process; the resultant deposit.
resublimacja
(physics) The transformation of a gas into a solid without an intermediate liquid phase (reverse of sublimation)

depositor depositors n
deponent
A person who makes a deposit, especially a deposit of money in a bank.

depository /dɪˈpɑzɪtɔɹi/ /dɪˈpɒzɪtɹi/ depositories n
depozytariusz składnica
A place where something is deposited, as for storage, safekeeping, or preservation; a repository.

depot /ˈdepɐʉ/ /ˈdiːpoʊ/ /ˈdɛpoʊ/ /ˈdɛpəʊ/ depots n
stacja
(US) A bus station or railway station.
hurtownia magazyn skład składnica
(military) A place for the storage, servicing or upgrade of military hardware.

depravity /dəˈpɹævɪti/ depravities n
deprawacja zdeprawowanie zepsucie
(uncountable) The state or condition of being depraved; moral debasement.
gwałt niegodziwość nierząd zbrodnia
(countable) A particular depraved act or trait.
zepsucie
(uncountable, Christian theology) Inborn corruption, entailing the belief that every facet of human nature has been polluted, defiled, and contaminated by sin.

deprecate /ˈdɛpɹəkeɪt/ /ˈdɛpɹɪkeɪt/ v
dezaktualizować unieważniać unieważnić zdezaktualizować
(transitive, chiefly, computing) To declare something obsolescent; to recommend against a function, technique, command, etc. that still works but has been replaced.

depreciate /dɪˈpɹiːʃɪeɪt/ v
deprecjonować
(transitive) To lessen in price or estimated value; to lower the worth of.

depreciation /dɪˌpɹiːʃɪˈeɪʃən/ depreciations n
amortyzacja
(accounting) The measurement of the decline in value of assets. Not to be confused with impairment, which is the measurement of the unplanned, extraordinary decline in value of assets.

depreciational adj
amortyzacyjny

depreciator depreciators n
amortyzator

depressed /dɪˈpɹɛst/ more depressed most depressed adj
nieszczęśliwy
Unhappy; despondent.

depression /dəˈpɹɛʃ(ə)n/ /dɪˈpɹɛʃən/ depressions n
depresja
(psychology, usually, uncountable) A state of mind producing serious, long-term lowering of enjoyment of life or inability to visualize a happy future.
(psychology, countable) A period of low morale or unhappiness (a period of experiencing the above-mentioned state of mind) which lasts longer than several weeks and may include ideation of self-inflicted injury or suicide.
(geography) An area that is lower in topography than its surroundings.
(economics) A period of major economic contraction.
recesja
(economics, US) Four consecutive quarters of negative, real GDP growth. See NBER.

deprivation /dɛp.ɹɪ.veɪʃən/ deprivations n
pozbawienie
(countable) The act of depriving, dispossessing, or bereaving; the act of deposing or divesting of some dignity.

deprive /dɪˈpɹaɪv/ v
pozbawiać pozbawić
(transitive) Used with “of”, to take something away from (someone) and keep it away; to deny someone something.

depth /dɛpθ/ depths n
głębokość
the vertical distance below a surface; the degree to which something is deep

depth charge depth charges n
bomba głębinowa
(military, nautical, aviation) A form of bomb, launched from a ship or dropped from an aircraft, that is designed to detonate at a certain depth underwater for the purposes of attacking a submerged enemy, especially a submarine.

depth of field depths of field n
głębia ostrości
In photography, the distance in front of and behind the subject that appears to be in focus.

depth-first search depth-first searches n
przeszukiwanie wgłąb
(graph theory) An algorithm for traversing a tree or graph where one starts at the root and explores as far as possible along each branch before backtracking.

deputinization n
deputinizacja
(neologism, politics) The process of the removal of the influence of Vladimir Putin from politics.

deputy /ˈdɛpjəti/ /ˈdɛpəti/ deputies n
zastępca zastępczyni
(historical) A member of the French Chamber of Deputies, formerly called Corps Législatif.
(US) a law enforcement officer who works for the county sheriff's office; a deputy sheriff or sheriff's deputy; the entry level rank in such an agency.

derail /ˌdiːˈɹeɪ.əl/ /ˌdəˈɹeɪ.əl/ v
wykoleić wykolejać
(transitive) To cause to come off the tracks.

derailleur /ˌdiˈɹeɪ.lɚ/ /ˌdiˈɹeɪl.jə/ /ˌdəˈɹeɪ.lɚ/ /ˌdəˈɹeɪl.jə/ derailleurs n
przerzutka
The mechanism on a bicycle used to move the chain from one sprocket (gear) to another.

deranged /dɪˈɹeɪnd͡ʒd/ more deranged most deranged adj
nienormalny zwariowany
Disturbed or upset, especially mentally.
obłąkany
Insane.

deratization deratizations n
deratyzacja odszczurzenie
(humorous, or, nonstandard) Extermination of rats, especially aboard a merchant vessel.

derby /ˈdɑː.bi/ /ˈdɝ.bi/ derbies n
derby
Any of several annual horse races.

derealization derealizations n
derealizacja
(psychology) The psychological symptom in which the world appears to be unreal, and the patient has a sense of detachment from it.

deregulation deregulations n
deregulacja
The process of removing constraints, especially government-imposed economic regulation.

deregulatory /diːˈɹɛɡjulətɔɹi/ /diːˈɹɛɡjələtɹi/ more deregulatory most deregulatory adj
deregulacyjny
Of or pertaining to deregulation

derelict /ˈdɛɹəlɪkt/ more derelict most derelict adj
porzucony
Abandoned, forsaken; given up by the natural owner or guardian; (of a ship) abandoned at sea, dilapidated, neglected; (of a spacecraft) abandoned in outer space.

deride /dɪˈɹaɪd/ v
wyśmiewać
(transitive) To harshly mock; ridicule.

derision /dɪˈɹɪʒən/ derisions n
szyderstwo wyszydzenie
Act of treating with disdain.

derisive /dɪˈɹaɪ.sɪv/ /dɪˈɹɪ.sɪv/ more derisive most derisive adj
drwiący szyderczy
Expressing or characterized by derision; mocking; ridiculing.

derivation /ˌdɛ.ɹɪˈveɪ.ʃ(ə)n/ derivations n
derywacja
(grammar) Forming a new word by changing the base of another word or by adding affixes to it.
That which is derived; a derivative; a deduction.

derivative /dɪˈɹɪvətɪv/ more derivative most derivative adj
pochodny wtórny
Obtained by derivation; not radical, original, or fundamental.

derivative /dɪˈɹɪvətɪv/ derivatives n
pochodny wtórny
Something derived.
derywat
(linguistics) A word that derives from another one.
pochodna
(chemistry) A chemical derived from another.
The value of such a derived function for a given value of its independent variable: the rate of change of a function at a point in its domain.
derywat instrument pochodny
(Of a function of a single variable f(x)) The derived function of f(x): the function giving the instantaneous rate of change of f; equivalently, the function giving the slope of the line tangent to the graph of f. Written f'(x) or \frac{df}{dx} in Leibniz's notation, \dot{f}(x) in Newton's notation (the latter used particularly when the independent variable is time).

derived /dɪˈɹaɪvd/ adj
pochodny
A product of derivation

derived function derived functions n
funkcja pochodna pochodna
(calculus) Of a function, another function, the value of which for any value of the independent variable is the instantaneous rate of change of the given function at that value of the independent variable.

dermal [ˈdɜːməɫ] adj
skórny
(anatomy) Of or pertaining to skin or integument (or other forms of tissue)

dermatitis /ˌdɜː(ɹ)m.əˈtaɪ.tɪs/ dermatites dermatitides dermatitises n
zapalenie skóry
(pathology) Inflammation of the skin.

dermato- prefix
dermato- dermo-

dermatographia n
dermografizm pokrzywka dermograficzna
(pathology) A skin disorder in which the skin becomes raised and inflamed when stroked, scratched or rubbed.

dermatological [ˌdɜːmətəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəɫ] adj
dermatologiczny
(medicine) Of or pertaining to dermatology

dermatologist /ˌdɜːməˈtɒlədʒɪst/ /ˌdɝ.mə.ˈtɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/ dermatologists n
dermatolog
A person who is skilled in, professes or practices dermatology.

dermatology /ˌdɜːməˈtɒlədʒi/ dermatologies n
dermatologia
(medicine) The study of the skin and its diseases.

dermo- prefix
dermato- dermo-

dernier cri derniers cris n
dernier cri
The latest sensation; the last word, the newest or ultimate expression or example (of something).

derogatory /dɪˈɹɑɡətɔɹi/ /dɪˈɹɒɡətɹi/ more derogatory most derogatory adj
pejoratywny pogardliwy
Lessening the worth of (a person, etc); expressing derogation; insulting.

derogatory clause derogatory clauses n
klauzula derogacyjna

derrick /ˈdɛɹɪk/ derricks n
wieża wiertnicza
A framework that is constructed over a mine or oil well for the purpose of boring or lowering pipes.

derring-do /ˌdɛɹɪŋˈduː/ n
bohaterstwo
Valiant deeds in desperate times.
brawura
Brave and adventurous (albeit often reckless) actions.

derussification n
derusyfikacja
The process or action of derussifying something.

dervish /ˈdɜːvɪʃ/ dervishes n
derwisz
(Islam) An itinerant Sufi mystic practicing voluntary poverty in devotion to God, and often engaging in ecstatic rituals.

desalinate /diːˈsælɪneɪt/ v
odsalać odsolić
To remove the salt from something, especially from seawater for use in a domestic water supply

desalination /diːˌsælɪˈneɪʃən/ desalinations n
odsalanie
The process of removing salt from sea water in order to make drinking water.

desalination plant desalination plants n
odsalarnia
an industrial installation which converts seawater into drinking water by removing the salt.

desalt v
odsalać
(transitive) To remove salt from; to desalinate.

descend /dɪˈsɛnd/ v
schodzić zejść zniżać zniżyć
(intransitive) To pass from a higher to a lower place; to move downwards; to come or go down in any way, for example by falling, flowing, walking, climbing etc.

descendant /dɪˈsɛndənt/ descendants n
potomek descendent potomkini zstępny
One of the progeny of a specified person, at any distance of time or through any number of generations.

descendantless adj
bezpotomny
Not having any descendants; without any progeny.

descending colon descending colons n
zstępnica
(anatomy) A part of the colon adjacent to the sigmoid colon.

descent /diˈsɛnt/ /dəˈsɛnt/ /dɪˈsɛnt/ descents n
zejście
An instance of descending; act of coming down.
zejście droga w dół
A way down.
A sloping passage or incline.
pochodzenie
Lineage or hereditary derivation.

describe /dəˈskɹaɪb/ /dɪˈskɹaɪb/ v
opisać opisywać
(transitive) To represent in words.

description /dɪˈskɹɪpʃən/ descriptions n
opis
A sketch or account of anything in words; a portraiture or representation in language; an enumeration of the essential qualities of a thing or species.

descriptive /dɪˈskɹɪptɪv/ more descriptive most descriptive adj
opisowy
Of, relating to, or providing a description.

descriptivism descriptivisms n
deskryptywizm
(linguistics) The practice of describing realistic forms, as opposed to prescribing idealistic norms, of linguistic usage.

descry /dɪˈskɹaɪ/ v
zauważyć, wywnioskować
(transitive) To see, especially from afar; to discover (a distant or obscure object) by the eye; to espy; to discern or detect.

desecrate /ˈdɛs.ə.kɹeɪ̯t/ /ˈdɛs.ɪ.kɹeɪ̯t/ v
bezcześcić profanować sprofanować zbezcześcić
(transitive) To profane or violate the sacredness or sanctity of something.
zeświecczyć
(transitive) To remove the consecration from someone or something; to deconsecrate.
zeszpecić
(transitive) To change in an inappropriate and destructive manner.

desecration /dɛ.səˈkɹeɪ.ʃən/ /dɛ.sɪˈkɹeɪ.ʃən/ /dɛ.zəˈkɹeɪ.ʃən/ desecrations n
profanacja zbeszczeszczenie
An act of disrespect or impiety towards something considered sacred.

desert /dəˈzɑɹt/ /ˈdɛz.ət/ /ˈdɛz.ɚt/ deserts n
pustynia
(informal) In particular, a barren, arid area of land which is hot, with sandy, rocky, or parched ground.
A barren area of land or desolate terrain, especially one with little water or vegetation; a wasteland.

desert /dəˈzɝt/ /dɪˈzɜːt/ /dɪˈzɝt/ v
zdezerterować opuścić dezerterować opuszczać
To leave (anything that depends on one's presence to survive, exist, or succeed), especially when contrary to a promise or obligation; to abandon; to forsake.

desert wheatear desert wheatears n
białorzytka pustynna
Oenanthe deserti, an Old World flycatcher native to Asia and northern Africa

deserted /dəˈzɜɹtəd/ /dɪˈzɜː(ɹ)tɪd/ [dəˈzɝɾəd] more deserted most deserted adj
bezludny
(of a place) Abandoned, without people.

desertedness n
bezludność

deserter /dɪˈzɜːtə(ɹ)/ deserters n
dezerter dezerterka
(military) A person who has physically removed him- or herself from the control or direction of a military or naval unit with the intention of permanently leaving

desertification /dɪˌzɜː.tɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ /dɪˌzɝ.tɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ n
pustynnienie
The process by which a geographic region becomes a desert, resulting from natural changes in climate or by human activity.

desertion /dɪˈzɜːʃən/ /dɪˈzɝʃən/ desertions n
dezercja opuszczenie
The act of deserting.

deserve /dəˈzɝv/ /dɪˈzɜːv/ /dɪˈzɝv/ v
zasługiwać zasłużyć
(transitive) To be entitled to, as a result of past actions; to be worthy to have.
(obsolete) To serve; to treat; to benefit.

deservedly /dɪˈzɜːvɪdli/ more deservedly most deservedly adv
zasłużenie
(degree, manner) In a way or to a degree that is deserved or merited.

desideratum /-ˈɹeɪ-/ /-ˌzɪ-/ /dəˌsɪdəˈɹɑtəm/ /dɪˌsɪdəˈɹɑːtəm/ [-ɾəm] desiderata n
dezyderat
Something that is wished for, or considered desirable, particularly when thought to be essential. [from mid 17th c.]

design /dɪˈzaɪn/ designs n
projekt plan abrys
A plan (with more or less detail) for the structure and functions of an artifact, building or system.
wzór motyw
A pattern, as an element of a work of art or architecture.
kompozycja
The composition of a work of art.
zamiar zamysł
Intention or plot.
design dizajn krój wzór
The shape or appearance given to an object, especially one that is intended to make it more attractive.
design wzornictwo
The art of designing

design /dɪˈzaɪn/ v
projektować
(obsolete, transitive) To mark out and exhibit; to designate; to indicate; to show; to point out; to appoint.

design pattern design patterns n
wzorzec projektowy
(architecture, software engineering) A formal way of documenting a general reusable solution to a design problem in a particular field of expertise.

designation /dɛzɪɡˈneɪʃən/ designations n
desygnacja
Selection and appointment for a purpose or office.
oznaczenie
That which designates; a distinguishing mark or name; distinctive title; appellation.

designer /dɪˈzaɪnɚ/ designers n
projektant projektantka
A person who designs something, or who designs things as a profession.

designer drug designer drugs n
dopalacz
A drug specifically developed to replace an illegal recreational drug, in order to circumvent existing drug laws, usually by modifying its molecular structure.

designer stubble n
modnie krótki zarost
A fashionable short growth of male facial hair.

desirable /dɪˈzaɪəɹəbəl/ [dɪˈzaɪ(j)əɹəbəɫ] more desirable most desirable adj
pożądany
Worthy to be desired; pleasing; agreeable.

desire /diˈzaɪɚ/ /diˈzaɪɹ/ /dɪˈzaɪə/ /dɪˈzaɪɚ/ /dɪˈzaɪɹ/ desires n
pragnienie pożądanie
(countable) Someone or something wished for.
pożądanie
(uncountable) Strong attraction, particularly romantic or sexual.

desire /diˈzaɪɚ/ /diˈzaɪɹ/ /dɪˈzaɪə/ /dɪˈzaɪɚ/ /dɪˈzaɪɹ/ v
pożądać pragnąć
To want; to wish for earnestly.
To want emotionally or sexually.

desist /dɪˈsɪst/ /dɪˈzɪst/ v
zaprzestać
(ambitransitive, formal) To cease to proceed or act; to stop (often with from).

desk /dɛsk/ desks n
biurko
A table, frame, or case, in past centuries usually with a sloping top but now usually with a flat top, for the use of writers and readers. It often has a drawer or repository underneath.
A station for a string player in an orchestra, consisting of a chair and a music stand, or a row of such stations.

desktop /ˈdɛsktɒp/ [ˈdɛsk.ˌtɑp] [ˈdɛsk.ˌtɒp] [ˈdɛsk.ˌtɔp] desktops n
blat biurka
The top surface of a desk.
biurko pulpit
(computing, GUI) The main graphical user interface of an operating system, usually displaying icons, windows and background wallpaper.

desktop computer /ˈdɛsktɒpˌkəmˈpjuːtə/ desktop computers n
blaszak
A computer of a size designed to be used on a desk or table, as opposed to larger machines, such as mainframes, and smaller machines, such as laptops and palmtops.

desman /ˈdɛsmən/ desmans n
chochoł desman wychuchol
Either of two species, Desmana moschata or Galemys pyrenaicus, of aquatic or semi-aquatic insectivore of the mole family, Talpidae, found in Europe.

desmo- prefix
desmo-

despair /dɪˈspɛə(ɹ)/ /dɪˈspɛɚ/ despairs n
rozpacz beznadzieja
Loss of hope; utter hopelessness; complete despondency.

despair /dɪˈspɛə(ɹ)/ /dɪˈspɛɚ/ v
rozpaczać
(transitive) To cause to despair.
(intransitive, often with “of”) To be hopeless; to have no hope; to give up all hope or expectation.

desperate /ˈdɛsp(ə)ɹət/ desperates n
zdesperowany
A person in desperate circumstances or who is at the point of desperation, such as a down-and-outer, addict, etc.

desperate times call for desperate measures proverb
tonący brzytwy się chwyta
In adverse circumstances, actions that might have been rejected under other circumstances may become the best choice.

despicable /dɪˈspɪkəbəl/ /ˈdɛspɪkəbəl/ more despicable most despicable adj
nikczemny
Fit or deserving to be despised; contemptible; mean.

despise /dɪˈspaɪz/ v
pogardzać gardzić
To regard with contempt or scorn.

despite /dɪˈspaɪt/ preposition
pomimo mimo wbrew naprzekór

despite that conjunction
mimo tego, że mimo to, że

despondency despondencies n
beznadzieja zniechęcenie
The loss of hope or confidence; despair or dejection.
zniechęcenie zwątpienie
A feeling of depression or disheartenment.

despot /ˈdɛs.pɒt/ /ˈdɛs.pət/ /ˈdɛz.pɒt/ despots n
despota
A ruler with absolute power; a tyrant.

despotic /disˈpɒt.ɪk/ /dəˈspɒt.ɪk/ /dɛsˈpɑt.ɪk/ /dɛsˈpɒt.ɪk/ more despotic most despotic adj
despotyczny
Of or pertaining to a despot or tyrant.
Acting or ruling as a despot, tyrannical.

despotism /ˈdɛspətɪzəm/ despotisms n
despotyzm
government by a singular authority, either a single person or tight-knit group, which rules with absolute power, especially in a cruel and oppressive way.

dessert /dɪˈzɜːt/ /dɪˈzɝt/ desserts n
deser
A sweet dish or confection served as the last course of a meal.

dessertspoon dessertspoons n
łyżeczka
A unit of measure, being equivalent to two teaspoons or two-thirds of a tablespoon, or approximately 10 millilitres; a dessertspoonful.
More generally, that volume of a substance which is contained within a dessert spoon.
(rare) An item of cutlery; a spoon, larger than a teaspoon and smaller than a tablespoon, used for eating dessert.

destabilization destabilizations n
destabilizacja
The act or process of destabilizing.

destabilize /diːˈsteɪbɪlaɪz/ v
destabilizować zdestabilizować
(transitive) To make something unstable.
destabilizować się zdestabilizować się
(intransitive) To become unstable.

destalinization n
destalinizacja
The process, begun by Nikita Khrushchev, of discrediting and then reforming the policies of Joseph Stalin.

destination /dɛstɪˈneɪʃən/ destinations n
cel
(countable) The place set for the end of a journey, or to which something is sent; place or point aimed at.

destitute /ˈdɛstɪtjuːt/ /ˈdɛstɪtuːt/ /ˈdɛstɪtʃuːt/ more destitute most destitute adj
pozbawiony
Lacking money; poor, impoverished.

destroy /dɪˈstɹɔɪ/ v
niszczyć zniszczyć rujnować zrujnować
(ambitransitive) To damage beyond use or repair.
miażdżyć rujnować zmiażdżyć zrujnować
(transitive, informal) To utterly defeat; to crush.

destroyer /dəˈstɹɔɪ.ɚ/ destroyers n
niszczyciel niszczycielka
That which destroys something.
niszczyciel
(science fiction, by extension) A starship of comparable role.

destruction /dɪsˈtɹʌkʃən/ destructions n
destrukcja niszczenie zniszczenie
The act of destroying.
niszczenie destrukcja zniszczenie
The results of a destructive event.

destructive /dɪˈstɹʊktɪv/ /dɪˈstɹʌktɪv/ more destructive most destructive adj
destrukcyjny
Causing destruction; damaging.

destructor destructors n
destruktor
(object-oriented programming) A function that runs when an object is no longer required, used to release any resources that it was using.

desuetude /-tʃuːd/ /dəˈsuəˌtud/ /dɪˈs(j)uːɪtjuːd/ /ˈdɛswəˌt(j)ud/ /ˈdɛswɪtjuːd/ desuetudes n
desuetudo
(uncountable) The state when something (for example, a custom or a law) is no longer observed nor practised; disuse, obsolescence; (countable) an instance of this.

desultory /ˈdɛs.əl.t(ə).ɹi/ /ˈdɛs.əlˌtɔɹ.i/ /ˈdɛz.əl.t(ə).ɹi/ /ˈdɛz.əlˌtɔɹ.i/ more desultory most desultory adj
bezładny chaotyczny nieporządny
Jumping, or passing, from one thing or subject to another, without order, planning, or rational connection; lacking logical sequence.

detached house detached houses n
dom jednorodzinny dom wolnostojący
A free-standing, single-family dwelling unit that does not share a common wall with any other structure.

detail /dɪˈteɪl/ /ˈditeɪl/ /ˈdiːteɪl/ details n
szczegół detal drobnostka
(countable) A part small enough to escape casual notice.
szczegół
(uncountable) A profusion of details.
A part considered trivial enough to ignore.

detailed /dɪˈteɪld/ /ˈdiːteɪld/ more detailed most detailed adj
szczegółowy dokładny drobiazgowy
Characterized by attention to detail and thoroughness of treatment.

detain /dɪˈteɪn/ v
zatrzymać zatrzymywać
(transitive, law enforcement) To put under custody.

detect /dɪˈtɛkt/ v
wykrywać wykryć
To discover or find by careful search, examination, or probing.

detectable /dɪˈtɛktəbəɫ/ more detectable most detectable adj
odczuwalny wykrywalny
That which can be detected, noticeable.

detection /dɪˈtek.ʃən/ /dɪˈtɛk.ʃən/ detections n
detekcja wykrycie wykrywanie
The act or process of detecting, uncovering, or finding out, the discovery of something new, hidden, or disguised.

detective /dɪˈtɛktɪv/ detectives n
detektyw oficer śledczy śledczy
(law enforcement) A police officer who looks for evidence as part of solving a crime; an investigator.
detektyw
A person employed to find information not otherwise available to the public.

detector /dɪˈtɛktə(ɹ)/ detectors n
detektor wykrywacz
A device capable of registering a specific substance or physical phenomenon, and that optionally sounds an alarm or triggers a warning.

detention /dɪˈtɛnʃən/ detentions n
detencja
(uncountable) The act of detaining or the state of being detained.
dzierżenie
(pedagogy) A punishment given to a student for a minor infraction, typically requiring the student to report to a designated room during recess or outside of school hours to work on homework or perform busywork.
(civil law) The bare physical control without the mental element of intention required for possession.

detergent /dɪˈtɜːdʒənt/ detergents n
detergent
Any non-soap cleaning agent, especially a synthetic surfactant.

deteriorate /dəˈtɪɹ.i.eɪt/ /dəˈtɪɹ.iə.ɹeɪt/ /dɪˈtɪə.ɹɪ.eɪt/ /dɪˈtɪə.ɹɪə.ɹeɪt/ v
pogarszać pogorszyć
(transitive) To make worse; to make inferior in quality or value; to impair.
pogorszyć się pogarszać się
(intransitive) To grow worse; to be impaired in quality; to degenerate.

deterioration /dəˌti.ɹi.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ /dəˌtiɹiˈeɪʃən/ /dɪˌtɪəɹɪəˈɹeɪʃən/ /dɪˌtɪəɹɪˈeɪʃən/ deteriorations n
pogorszenie
The process of making or growing worse, or the state of having grown worse.

determinant /dɪˈtɜːmɪnənt/ /dɪˈtɝmɪnənt/ determinants n
wyznacznik
(linear algebra) A scalar that encodes certain characteristics of a given transformation matrix; the unique scalar function over square matrices which is distributive over matrix multiplication, multilinear in the rows and columns, and takes the value 1 for the unit matrix; abbreviated as: det.

determination /dɪˌtɜːmɪˈneɪʃən/ determinations n
określenie ustalenie
The act of determining, or the state of being determined.
determinacja
The quality of mind which reaches definite conclusions; decisive character; resoluteness.
(law, otherwise, obsolete) Bringing to an end; termination; limit.

determine /dɪˈtɜːmɪn/ /dɪˈtɝmɪn/ v
określać
To fix the form or character of; to shape; to prescribe imperatively; to regulate; to settle.
ustalać ustalić
To resolve (to do something); to establish a fixed intention; to cause (something) to come to a conclusion or decision; to lead.

determined /dɪˈtɜːmɪnd/ /dɪˈtɝmɪnd/ more determined most determined adj
zdecydowany zdeterminowany
Decided; resolute, possessing much determination.

determiner /dɪˈtɜː.mɪ.nə(ɹ)/ /dɪˈtɝ.mɪ.nɚ/ determiners n
określnik
(grammar) A member of a class of words functioning in a noun phrase to identify or distinguish a referent without describing or modifying it.

determinism /dɪˈtɜːmɪnɪzəm/ determinisms n
determinizm
(philosophy) The doctrine that all actions are determined by the current state and immutable laws of the universe, with no possibility of choice.

deterministic /dɪˌtɜː.mɪˈnɪs.tɪk/ /dɪˌtɝ.mɪˈnɪs.tɪk/ more deterministic most deterministic adj
deterministyczny
(philosophy) Of, or relating to determinism.
(mathematics, of a Turing machine) Having at most one instruction associated with any given internal state.
(physics, of a system) Having exactly predictable time evolution.
(computing, of an algorithm) For a given particular input, always producing the same output through the same sequence of states.

detest /dɪˈtɛst/ v
nienawidzić nie cierpieć
(transitive) To dislike (someone or something) intensely; to loathe.

dethronement dethronements n
detronizacja
The act of being dethroned; the state of having been dethroned or removed from a superior place in a hierarchy.

detonation /dɛtəˈneɪʃən/ detonations n
detonacja
(chemistry) An explosion or sudden report made by the near-instantaneous decomposition or combustion of unstable substances. Specifically, combustion that spreads supersonically via shock compression.
(mechanical engineering) Engine knocking, a type of improper combustion in gasoline piston engines.

detonator /ˈdɛt.ə.neɪ.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈdɛtn̩eɪ.tə(ɹ)/ detonators n
detonator
A device used to detonate an explosive device etc.

detour /ˈdi.toɹ/ /ˈdiː.tɔː(ɹ)/ /ˈdiː.tʊə(ɹ)/ detours n
objazd nadłożenie drogi
A diversion or deviation from one's original route.

detox /ˈdiːtɒks/ detoxes n
detoks
A detoxification unit.

detoxication detoxications n
detoks detoksykacja
(medicine) Any treatment of a patient suffering from poisoning that promotes physiological process to reduce the effects

detoxify v
odtruwać odtruć
To remove foreign and harmful substances from something.

detrain /ˈdi.tɹeɪn/ v
wysiadać wysiąść
(rail transport, transitive) to remove a passenger or passengers from a train; to evacuate passengers from a train.

detritus /dɪˈtɹaɪ.təs/ detrita detritus n
detrytus
(countable, chiefly, geology) Pieces of rock broken off by ice, glacier, or erosion.
(biology, ecology) Organic waste material from decomposing dead plants or animals.

deuce /djuːs/ /duːs/ deuces n
diabeł licho
(epithet) The Devil, used in exclamations of confusion or anger.

deuce /djuːs/ /duːs/ /d͡ʒuːs/ deuces n
dwójka
(cards) A card with two pips, one of four in a standard deck of playing cards.
(dice) A cast of dice totalling two.
dwójka tuz
(dice) A side of a die with two spots.
bobek
The number two.
równowaga
(tennis) A tied game where either player can win by scoring two consecutive points.

deus ex machina /ˈdeɪ.əs ɛks ˈmækɪnə/ dei ex machina dei ex machinis deus ex machinas n
deus ex machina
(by extension) A contrived solution to a problem, relying on an agent external to the situation.

deuteragonist /ˌdju.təˈɹæɡ.ə.nɪst/ /ˌduː.təˈɹæɡ.ə.nɪst/ deuteragonists n
deuteragonista
(narratology) A secondary character; specifically, the second most important character (after the protagonist).

deuterium /djuːˈtɪəɹɪəm/ /djuːˈtɪɹi.əm/ /dʒuːˈtɪəɹɪəm/ deuteriums n
deuter
(isotope) An isotope of hydrogen formed of one proton and one neutron in each atom - 21H.

deuteron deuterons n
deuteron
(physics) the atomic nucleus of deuterium, consisting of a proton and a neutron

deutoxide /djuːˈtɒksaɪd/ deutoxides n
dwutlenek
(chemistry) A compound containing in the molecule two atoms of oxygen united with some other element or radical; a dioxide or binoxide.

devaluation devaluations n
dewaluacja
Depreciation.

devalue /diːˈvæljuː/ v
dewaluować
(transitive) To lower or remove the value of something.
(intransitive) To lose value; to depreciate.

devastate /ˈdɛvəsteɪt/ v
dewastować zdewastować
To ruin many or all things over a large area, such as most or all buildings of a city, or cities of a region, or trees of a forest.

devastated more devastated most devastated adj
zdemolowany zniszczony zruinowany
Ruined, ravaged.
zdruzgotany
Extremely upset and shocked.

devastation /ˌdɛ.vəˈsteɪ.ʃən/ devastations n
dewastacja
The act of devastating, or the state of being devastated; a laying waste.

develop /dɛˈʋɛ.ləp/ /dɪˈvɛl.əp/ /ˈdɛʋ.ləp/ v
rozwinąć się rozwijać się wypracować
(transitive) To advance; to further; to promote the growth of.
wywołać
(transitive) To bring out images latent in photographic film.

developed /dɪˈvɛləpt/ more developed most developed adj
rozwinięty
(said of a country) Not primitive; not third-world.
Mature.

developed country developed countries n
kraj rozwinięty
(economics) A country with an advanced, high-income, industrialized economy.

developer /dɪˈvɛləpə(ɹ)/ /dɪˈvɛləpɚ/ developers n
deweloper
A real estate developer; a person or company who prepares a parcel of land for sale, or creates structures on that land.
wywoływacz
A liquid used in the chemical processing of traditional photos.
deweloper programista programistka
(computing) A software developer; a person or company who creates or modifies computer software.

developing country developing countries n
kraj rozwijający się
(economics) A country with an emerging and low- and middle-income but still industrializing its economy.

development /dɪˈvɛləpmənt/ developments n
rozwój
(countable) Something which has developed.
(chess, uncountable) The active placement of the pieces, or the process of achieving it.

developmental adj
rozwojowy
Related to development.

deverbal adj
odczasownikowy
(grammar, linguistics) Derived from a verb.

deviationist deviationists n
dysydent
One who deviates from accepted beliefs or policies, especially from a prescribed form of Communism.

device /dəˈvaɪs/ /dɪˈvaɪs/ devices n
urządzenie aparat przyrząd
Any piece of equipment made for a particular purpose, especially a mechanical or electrical one.

device driver device drivers n
sterownik urządzenia
(computing) Software, usually supplied with the operating system or by a hardware manufacturer, that communicates between the operating system of a personal computer and a specific hardware device.

devil /ˈdɛvəl/ /ˈdɛvɪl/ devils n
diabeł czart bies ciort czort kaduk
(theology) An evil creature, the objectification of a hostile and destructive force.
diabeł
The bad part of the conscience; the opposite to the angel.
(euphemistic, with an article, as an intensifier) Hell.
A person, especially a man; used to express a particular opinion of him, usually in the phrases poor devil and lucky devil.

devil /ˈdɛvəl/ /ˈdɛvɪl/ pn
diabeł szatan
(theology) The chief devil; Satan.

devil is in the details proverb
diabeł tkwi w szczegółach
(idiomatic) The specific provisions of, or particular steps for implementing, a general plan, policy, or contract may be complicated, controversial, or unworkable.

devil take the hindmost phraseologicalUnit
każdy zajmuje się sobą

devil's advocate devil's advocates n
adwokat diabła promotor wiary
(idiomatic) One who debates from a viewpoint which one may not actually hold, usually to determine its validity or simply for the sake of argument.
adwokat diabła
(historical, Roman Catholic) A canon lawyer appointed by the Church to argue against the canonization of the proposed candidate.

devil-may-care more devil-may-care most devil-may-care adj
beztroski niefrasobliwy luzacki
Carefree, reckless, irresponsible.

devilish /ˈdɛvəlɪʃ/ /ˈdɛvɪlɪʃ/ more devilish most devilish adj
diabelski diaboliczny
Characteristic of a devil.

devious /ˈdiːvi.əs/ more devious most devious adj
podstępny przebiegły

devoicing devoicings n
ubezdźwięcznienie

devolution /diːvəˈluːʃən/ devolutions n
dewolucja
The transference of a right to a successor, or of a power from one body to another.

devolve /dɪˈvɒɫv/ v
przekazać przenieść
(obsolete, transitive) To roll (something) down; to unroll. [15th–19th c.]

devote /dɪˈvoʊt/ /dɪˈvəʊt/ v
angażować poświęcać poświęcić zaangażować
to give one's time, focus one's efforts, commit oneself, etc. entirely for, on, or to a certain matter

devotee /ˌdɛvəˈtiː/ devotees n
entuzjasta entuzjastka wielbiciel wielbicielka
An ardent enthusiast or admirer.

devotion /dɪˈvoʊʃən/ /dɪˈvəʊʃən/ devotions n
poświęcenie
(uncountable) The act or state of devoting or being devoted.
oddanie przywiązanie
(uncountable) Feeling of strong or fervent affection; dedication
pobożność
(uncountable) Religious veneration, zeal, or piety.
modlitwa
(countable, ecclesiastical) A prayer (often found in the plural)

devour /dɪˈvaʊə(ɹ)/ /dɪˈvaʊɚ/ v
pożerać pożreć
To eat quickly, greedily, hungrily, or ravenously.

dew /d(j)uː/ /djuː/ /dɪu̯/ /d͡ʒ(j)uː/ dews n
rosa
(uncountable) Moisture in the air that settles on plants, etc in the morning or evening, resulting in drops.

dewberry /ˈdjuː.b(ə.)ɹi/ /ˈduˌbɛɹ.i/ /ˈd͡ʒuː.b(ə.)ɹi/ /ˈd͡ʒʉː.b(ə.)ɹi/ dewberries n
jeżyna popielica
European dewberry, Rubus caesius.

dewclaw dewclaws n
wilczy pazur
A vestigial digit, hoof or claw that does not reach the ground.

dewesternization n
odczynienie westernizacji

dewesternize v
odczyniać westernizacji odczynić westernizacji

dewlap /ˈdju.læp/ /ˈdjuː.læp/ /ˈdu.læp/ dewlaps n
podgardle łałok
The pendulous skin under the neck of an ox, or a similar feature on any other animal.

dewy /ˈdjuː.i/ /ˈduː.i/ /ˈd͡ʒuː.i/ dewier dewiest more dewy most dewy adj
pokryty rosą zroszony
Covered by dew.
mokry
Having the quality of bearing droplets of water.

dexterity /dɛksˈtɛɹɪti/ dexterities n
zręczność zwinność
Skill in performing tasks, especially with the hands.

dexterous /ˈdɛkstɹəs/ more dexterous most dexterous adj
umiejętny zręczny
Skillful with one's hands.
wprawny zręczny
Skillful in some specific thing.
gibki zręczny
Agile; flexible; able to move fluidly and gracefully.

dexterously /ˈdɛkst(ə)ɹəsli/ more dexterously most dexterously adv
zręcznie
In a dexterous manner; skillfully; with precision.

dextrin /ˈdɛkstɹɪn/ dextrins n
dekstryna
(carbohydrate) Any of a range of oligomers of glucose, intermediate in complexity between maltose and starch, produced by the enzymatic hydrolysis of starch; used commercially as adhesives.

dharma /d̪ʱəɾm/ /ˈdɑɹ.mə/ /ˈdɑːmə/ /ˈd̪ʱəɾ.mə/ dharmas n
dharma
(Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) The natural order of the universe; natural law, cosmic order.
(Buddhism) The teachings of the Buddha as one's personal path to enlightenment.
(Buddhism) The teachings of the Buddha as a practice to be promulgated and taught.

dhole /doʊl/ /dəʊl/ dhole dholes n
cyjon
An Asian wild dog, Cuon alpinus.

di- /daɪ/ prefix
di- dy-
Two, twice or double.

dia- prefix
dia-

diabase /ˈdaɪ.əˌbeɪs/ diabases n
diabaz doleryt
(geology) A fine-grained igneous rock composed mostly of pyroxene and feldspar.

diabetes /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/ /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtɪs/ n
cukrzyca
Diabetes mellitus; any of a group of metabolic diseases whereby a person (or other animal) has high blood sugar due to an inability to produce, or inability to metabolize, sufficient quantities of the hormone insulin. [from 19th c.]

diabetes insipidus n
moczówka prosta
A disease characterized by excretion of large amounts of severely diluted urine, which cannot be reduced when fluid intake is reduced.

diabetes mellitus /ˈmɛlɨtəs/ /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/ /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtɪs/ /ˌməˈlaɪtəs/ n
cukrzyca
A medical disorder commonly called diabetes, characterized by varying or persistent hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels), especially after eating.

diabetology n
diabetologia
(medicine) The study of the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes

diachrony /daɪˈækɹəni/ diachronies n
diachronia diachroniczność
The study of change over time, especially changes to language.

diacritical mark diacritical marks n
znak diakrytyczny
(orthography, typography) A symbol in writing used with a letter to indicate a different pronunciation, stress, tone, or meaning, also called "tone marks" when used to indicate tones, e.g. in Vietnamese or pinyin (romanised Mandarin Chinese).

diadem /ˈdaɪ.ə.dəm/ /ˈdaɪ.ə.dɛm/ diadems n
diadem
An ornamental headband worn as a badge of royalty.

diaeresis /daɪˈɛɹəsɪs/ /daɪˈɛɹɪsɪs/ /daɪˈɪəɹɪsɪs/ diaereses n
diereza dwie kropki umlaut
(orthography) A diacritic (◌̈) placed over a vowel letter (especially the second of two consecutive ones) indicating that it is sounded separately, usually forming a distinct syllable, as in the English words naïve, Noël and Brontë, the French haïr and the Dutch ruïne.

diagnose /ˈdaɪ.əɡˌnoʊs/ /ˈdʌɪ.əɡˌnəʊz/ /ˌdaɪ.əɡˈnoʊs/ /ˌdʌɪ.əɡˈnəʊz/ v
diagnozować
(by extension) To determine the cause of a problem.

diagnosis /daɪəɡˈnəʊsɪs/ diagnoses n
diagnoza rozpoznanie
The process of, or an instance of, identification of the nature and cause of something (of any nature).

diagnostic /daɪəˈɡnɒstɪk/ more diagnostic most diagnostic adj
diagnostyczny
Of, or relating to diagnosis.

diagonal /daɪˈæɡnəl/ /daɪˈæɡənəl/ /dɑɪˈæɡ.ə.nəl/ adj
diagonalny przekątny skośny
(geometry) Joining two nonadjacent vertices (of a polygon or polyhedron).

diagonal /daɪˈæɡnəl/ /daɪˈæɡənəl/ /dɑɪˈæɡ.ə.nəl/ diagonals n
diagonal diagonala
(geometry) A line or plane at an oblique angle to another.

diagonal matrix diagonal matrices n
macierz diagonalna
(linear algebra) A matrix in which the entries outside the main diagonal are all zero.

diagonalizable more diagonalizable most diagonalizable adj
diagonalizowalny
Able to be diagonalized.

diagonally /ˈdaɪ.æɡ.nə.li/ /ˈdaɪ.æɡ.ən.ə.li/ more diagonally most diagonally adv
diagonalnie
In a diagonal manner, not square to any direction.

diagram /ˈdaɪ.ə.ɡɹæm/ /ˈdaɪ.ɡɹæm/ diagrams n
diagram
A plan, drawing, sketch or outline to show how something works, or show the relationships between the parts of a whole.
A graph or chart.

dial /ˈdaɪ.əl/ [ˈdaɪ.əɫ] dials n
tarcza
A graduated, circular scale over which a needle moves to show a measurement (such as speed).
A disk with finger holes on a telephone; used to select the number to be called.

dial /ˈdaɪ.əl/ [ˈdaɪ.əɫ] v
wybrać wykręcić
(transitive) To select a number, or to call someone, on a telephone.

dialect /ˈdaɪ.əˌlɛkt/ dialects n
dialekt narzecze gwara
(linguistics, broad sense) A variety of a language that is characteristic of a particular area, community, or social group, differing from other varieties of the same language in relatively minor ways as regards grammar, phonology, and lexicon.

dialectal /ˌdaɪəˈlɛktəl/ more dialectal most dialectal adj
dialektalny dialektowy dialektyczny
Of or relating to a dialect.
dialektalny gwarowy
Peculiar to a (nonstandard) variety or lect.

dialectally more dialectally most dialectally adv
dialektycznie
In a dialectal way.

dialectical more dialectical most dialectical adj
dialektyczny
Of, or pertaining to dialectic; (in, _, philosophy) logically reasoned through the exchange of opposing ideas.
Synonym of dialectal (“of, or peculiar to a dialect”)

dialectical behavior therapy n
terapia dialektyczno-behawioralna
(psychology) A psychotherapeutic approach used to treat personality disorders, mood disorders, eating disorders, suicidal ideation, interpersonal conflicts, self-harm, substance abuse and other maladaptive coping strategies, which focuses on synthesizing the importance of self-acceptance with the acceptance of a need to change one's behavior.

dialectical materialism n
materializm dialektyczny
(philosophy) The concept of reality in which material things are in the constant process of change brought about by the tension between conflicting or interacting forces, elements, or ideas.

dialectically more dialectically most dialectically adv
dialektycznie
In a dialectical manner; logically.

dialectician /ˌdaɪəlɛkˈtɪʃn/ /ˌdaɪəlɛkˈtɪʃən/ /ˌdʌɪəlɛkˈtɪʃn/ dialecticians n
dialektyk

dialecticism dialecticisms n
dialektyzm gwaryzm
(linguistics) A dialectal word or phrase (especially if borrowed into another dialect or into 'standard' language).

dialectics /daɪəˈlɛktɪks/ n
dialektyka
(philosophy, uncountable) A systematic method of argument that attempts to resolve the contradictions in opposing views or ideas.

dialectological adj
dialektologiczny gwaroznawczy

dialectologist dialectologists n
dialektolog gwaroznawca
(linguistics) A person who studies regional differences in speech sounds.

dialectology dialectologies n
dialektologia gwaroznawstwo
The study of dialects.

dialogue /ˈdaɪəlɒɡ/ /ˈdaɪəˌlɑɡ/ /ˈdaɪəˌlɔɡ/ dialogues n
dialog konwersacja rozmowa
A conversation or other form of discourse between two or more individuals.
(authorship) In a dramatic or literary presentation, the verbal parts of the script or text; the verbalizations of the actors or characters.

diamagnetic /daɪəmæɡˈnɛtɪk/ more diamagnetic most diamagnetic adj
diamagnetyczny
(physics) Exhibiting diamagnetism; repelled by a magnet.

diamagnetism diamagnetisms n
diamagnetyzm
(physics) a weak form of magnetism that is only observed in the presence of an external magnetic field; due to an induced magnetic field in an opposite direction

diameter /daɪˈæmɪtə(ɹ)/ /daɪˈæmɪtɚ/ [-mɪɾɚ] diameters n
średnica
(geometry) The length of such a line.

diametrically /ˌdaɪ.ə.ˈmɛt.ɹɪk.li/ more diametrically most diametrically adv
diametralnie
Separated by a diameter, on exactly the opposite side.

diamond /ˈdaɪ.(ə.)mənd/ adj
diamentowy
Made of, or containing diamond, a diamond or diamonds.
diamentowa
Of, relating to, or being a sixtieth anniversary.
brylantowa
Of, relating to, or being a seventy-fifth anniversary.

diamond /ˈdaɪ.(ə.)mənd/ diamonds n
diament
(uncountable) A glimmering glass-like mineral that is an allotrope of carbon in which each atom is surrounded by four others in the form of a tetrahedron.
A gemstone made from this mineral.
Something that resembles a diamond.
diament karo poduszka
(card games) A card of the diamonds suit.

diamond anniversary diamond anniversaries n
diamentowe gody diamentowe wesele
The 75th anniversary of some event, particularly a wedding.
The 60th anniversary of some event, particularly a wedding.

diamond in the rough diamonds in the rough n
nieoszlifowany diament
(figurative) A person whose goodness or other positive qualities are hidden by a harsh or unremarkable surface appearance.

diamonds /ˈdaɪ(ə)məndz/ n
karo
(card games) One of the four suits of playing cards, marked with the symbol ♦.

diaper /ˈdaɪ(ə)pə/ /ˈdaɪ(ə)pɚ/ diapers n
pielucha pieluszka pampers
(North America) An absorbent garment worn by a baby, by a young child not yet toilet trained, or by an adult who is incontinent; a nappy.

diaphanous /daɪˈæf.ən.əs/ more diaphanous most diaphanous adj
ażurowy
Transparent or translucent; allowing light to pass through; capable of being seen through.

diaphanously more diaphanously most diaphanously adv
ażurowo przezroczyście

diaphragm /ˈdaɪəˌfɹæm/ diaphragms n
przepona
(anatomy) In mammals, a sheet of muscle separating the thorax from the abdomen, contracted and relaxed in respiration to draw air into and expel air from the lungs; also called thoracic diaphragm.
membrana
(acoustics) In a speaker, the thin, semi-rigid membrane which vibrates to produce sound.
blenda
(optics, photography) A thin opaque structure with a central aperture, used to limit the passage of light into a camera or similar device.

diaphragmless adj
bezprzeponowy

diapositive diapositives n
diapozytyw
(photography) slide (used with a projector for projecting images)

diarchy diarchies n
diarchia
A state under the rule of two people; the form of government of such state.

diarrhea /ˌdaɪ.əˈɹiː.ə/ diarrheas n
biegunka rozwolnienie sraczka
A gastrointestinal disorder characterized by frequent and very soft or watery bowel movements.
The watery or very soft excrement that comes from such bowel movements.

diary /ˈdaɪ.ə.ɹi/ /ˈdaɪ.ɹi/ diaries n
dziennik pamiętnik dzienniczek
A daily log of experiences, especially those of the writer.

diaspora /daɪˈæs.pə.ɹə/ /daɪˈæs.pɚ.ə/ /daɪˈæs.pɹə/ /diˈæs.pɚ.ə/ /diˈæs.pɹə/ diasporae diasporai diasporas n
diaspora
(historical) The dispersion of the Jews among the Gentiles after the Babylonian captivity (6th century BCE).
(collective) A group so dispersed, especially Jews outside of the land of Israel.

diaspore /ˈdaɪ.əˌspoʊɹ/ /ˈdaɪ.əˌspɔɹ/ diaspores n
diaspora
(botany) seeds and fruit together regarded as a dispersal unit.

diathermic more diathermic most diathermic adj
diatermiczny

diathermy diathermies n
diatermia
(physics, medicine) The generation of heat using high-frequency electromagnetic currents; especially the therapeutic production of heat in tissues in order to form coagulation

diatom /ˈdaɪ.ə.təm/ /ˈdaɪ.əˌtɔm/ diatoms n
okrzemka
Any of a group of minute unicellular algae having a siliceous covering of great delicacy, now categorized as class Diatomophyceae or division Bacillariophyta.

diatonic adj
diatoniczny
(music) Relating to or characteristic of a musical scale which contains seven pitches and a pattern of five whole tones and two semitones; particularly, of the major or natural minor scales.

diazepam /daɪˈæz.əˌpæm/ /dʌɪˈaz.ɪ.pam/ /dʌɪˈeɪ.zɪ.pam/ diazepams n
diazepam relanium
(pharmaceutical drug) A tranquilizing muscle relaxant drug (trademark Valium) used chiefly to relieve anxiety.

dibber dibbers n
sadzak
A tool with a handle on one end and a point on the other, used in the garden to poke holes in preparation for planting seeds, bulbs, etc. Also known as a dibble or dib.

dibble /ˈdɪb(ə)l/ dibbles n
sadzak
A pointed implement used to make holes in the ground in which to set out plants or to plant seeds.

dibbler dibblers n
sorkołaz okularowy
A small Australian mouse-like marsupial (Parantechinus apicalis).
sadzak
A dibble (device for making holes in which to plant seeds).

dibenzodioxin dibenzodioxins n
dibenzodioksyna
(organic compound) An aromatic heterocycle having two benzene rings fused to a dioxin one; dibenzo-1,4-dioxin, oxanthrene.

dicastery dicasteries n
dykasteria
A ministry or department of the Roman Curia of the Holy See, whether administrative or ecclesiastical.
A judicial body of the ancient Athenian state, made up of dicasts.

dice /daɪs/ v
kroić w kostkę
(transitive) To cut into small cubes.

dichotomous /daɪˈkɑ.tə.məs/ /daɪˈkɒt.ə.məs/ /dɑɪˈkɔt.ə.məs/ [daɪˈkɑ.ɾə.məs] [dɑɪˈkɔɾ.ə.məs] adj
dwudzielny dychotomiczny
Dividing or branching into two mutually exclusive pieces.

dichotomy /daɪˈkɑtəmi/ /daɪˈkɒtəmi/ /dɪ-/ [-ɾə-] dichotomies n
dychotomia
A separation or division into two; a distinction that results in such a division.

dick /dɪk/ dicks n
chuj fiut kutas pała pyta wał
(countable, and, uncountable, vulgar, slang) The penis.
dupek
(countable, vulgar, slang, derogatory) A highly contemptible or obnoxious person; a jerk.

dick-measuring contest dick-measuring contests n
konkurs męskości
(vulgar, figurative) A situation in which people (usually men) compete, often over superficial characteristics, to demonstrate their worthiness, power, etc.

dickhead /ˈdɪ.kɛd/ /ˈdɪkˌhɛd/ dickheads n
chujogłowy chujoza
(vulgar, colloquial, pejorative) A stupid or useless person.

dickpic /ˈdɪkˌpɪk/ dickpics n
dickpic
(vulgar, slang) A photograph of a penis, taken for sexual purposes.

dickwad dickwads n
pojeb popierdoleniec szajbus zjeb
(vulgar, slang) A contemptible person; a fool.

dicotyledon dicotyledons n
dwuliścienne
(botany, historical) Any plant in what used to be the Dicotyledones.

dictate /ˈdɪkˌteɪt/ /ˌdɪkˈteɪt/ v
dyktować podyktować
To order, command, control.
To speak in order for someone to write down the words.

dictation /dɪkˈteɪʃən/ dictations n
dyktando
(countable, uncountable) An activity in school where the teacher reads a passage aloud and the students write it down.

dictation machine dictation machines n
dyktafon
A sound recording device most commonly used to record speech for later playback or to be typed into print.

dictator /dɪkˈteɪtə(ɹ)/ /ˈdɪkteɪtəɹ/ dictators n
dyktator dyktatorka
A totalitarian leader of a country, nation, or government.

dictatorial [dɪktəˈtɔːɹɪəɫ] more dictatorial most dictatorial adj
dyktatorski
of or pertaining to a dictator

dictatorship /dɪkˈteɪtə(ɹ)ʃɪp/ /ˈdɪkteɪtəɹʃɪp/ dictatorships n
dyktatura
A type of government where absolute sovereignty is allotted to an individual or a small clique.

dictatorship of the proletariat dictatorships of the proletariat n
dyktatura proletariatu
(Marxism) A socio-political power, as opposed to the dictatorship of the bourgeoisie, characterized by a struggle to achieve a communist society.

diction /ˈdɪkʃən/ dictions n
dykcja
The effectiveness and degree of clarity of word choice and expression.

dictionaric /ˈdɪkʃənˌæɹɪk/ /ˈdɪkʃənˌɛɹɪk/ more dictionaric most dictionaric adj
słownikowy
(rare) Of or pertaining to a dictionary; of a type or style commonly found in a dictionary.

dictionary /ˈdɪkʃnəɹi/ /ˈdɪkʃənəɹi/ /ˈdɪkʃənɹi/ /ˈdɪkʃəˌnɛɹi/ dictionaries n
słownik leksykon dykcjonarz mównik wokabularz
A reference work with a list of words from one or more languages, normally ordered alphabetically, explaining each word's meanings (senses), and sometimes also containing information on its etymology, pronunciation, usage, semantic relations, and translations, as well as other data.

dictionary attack dictionary attacks n
atak słownikowy
(cryptography) An attack that uses a list of words (from a dictionary) to try to guess passwords or decryption keys.

dictionary form dictionary forms n
forma słownikowa

didactic /daɪˈdæk.tɪk/ /dɪˈdæk.tɪk/ more didactic most didactic adj
dydaktyczny
Instructive or intended to teach or demonstrate, especially with regard to morality.

didactician /daɪdəkˈtɪʃən/ didacticians n
dydaktyk

didukh didukhs didukhy n
diduch
A Ukrainian Christmas decoration representing an offering of the best of the harvest, and consisting of wheat ears or stalks tied up with colorful threads.

die /daɪ/ dice dies n
kość kostka matryca
An isohedral polyhedron, usually a cube, with numbers or symbols on each side and used in games of chance.
matryca
(obsolete) That which is, or might be, determined, by a throw of the die; hazard; chance.

die /daɪ/ v
umrzeć umierać konać zdychać dogorywać ginąć
(intransitive) To stop living; to become dead; to undergo death.

die down v
ucichać ucichnąć
(intransitive, idiomatic) To become less virulent or strong; to subside.

die hard v
być opornym na zmiany
To be slow in changing or disappearing. (of a custom, idea etc)

die out v
wymierać wymrzeć
(idiomatic) To become extinct.

die prematurely v
umierać przedwcześnie umrzeć przedwcześnie

diegetic /ˌdaɪəˈd͡ʒɛtɪk/ adj
diegetyczny

dielectric /ˌdaɪ.əˈlɛk.tɹɪk/ /ˌdaɪ.ɪˈlɛk.tɹɪk/ dielectrics n
dielektryk
(metamaterial) An electrically insulating or nonconducting material considered for its electric susceptibility, i.e. its property of polarization when exposed to an external electric field.

diencephalon /ˌdaɪ̯.ənˈsɛfəlɑn/ /ˌdaɪ̯.ənˈsɛfəlɒn/ diencephala diencephalons n
międzymózgowie
(neuroanatomy, anatomy) The region of the human brain, specifically the human forebrain, that includes the thalamus, the hypothalamus, the epithalamus, the prethalamus or subthalamus, and the pretectum.

diesel /ˈdisəl/ /ˈdizəl/ /ˈdiːzəl/ diesels n
diesel ropa
A fuel derived from petroleum (or other oils) but heavier than gasoline/petrol. Used to power diesel engines which burn this fuel using the heat produced when air is compressed.
diesel
(countable) A vehicle powered by a diesel engine.

diesel engine diesel engines n
silnik wysokoprężny silnik o zapłonie samoczynnym
(mechanical engineering) a piston engine that operates using the Diesel cycle, with fuel being sprayed into the hot, high-pressure air in the combustion chamber at the end of the compression stroke

diesel multiple unit diesel multiple units n
spalinowy zespół trakcyjny
(rail) A multiple-unit train of two or more coaches powered by diesel engines, usually installed underfloor.

diet /ˈdaɪət/ diets n
dieta
The food and beverage a person or animal consumes.
(countable) A controlled regimen of food and drink, as to gain or lose weight or otherwise influence health.

dietary /ˈdaɪətɹi/ /ˈdaɪəˌtɛɹi/ adj
dietetyczny
Of, or relating to diet.

dietary fibre n
błonnik
Substances, generally of plant origin, consisting mostly of complex carbohydrates which are undigested when eaten by humans, and which therefore help the passage of food and waste through the alimentary tract.

dietary supplement dietary supplements n
suplement diety
(medicine) Any substance, such as a vitamin or mineral, taken as a supplement to food to replace nutrients that would otherwise be missing in a person's diet.

dietetic /daɪəˈtɛtɪk/ adj
dietetyczny
Relating to diet.
Relating to preparation for those on a restricted diet.

dietetics /daɪəˈtɛtɪks/ n
dietetyka
The study of diet and nutrition in relation to health and disease.

diethyl ether n
eter dietylowy
(organic compound) A clear, colorless, highly flammable liquid with a low boiling point and chemical formula CH3-CH2-O-CH2-CH3. Used as a solvent and in the past as a general anesthetic.

dietitian /daɪəˈtɪʃən/ dietitians n
dietetyk
A person who studies or practices dietetics.

differ /ˈdɪfə/ /ˈdɪfɚ/ v
różnić się
(intransitive) Not to have the same traits or characteristics; to be unalike or distinct.
mieć inne zdanie nie zgadzać się
(intransitive, people, groups, etc.) To have diverging opinions, disagree.

difference /ˈdɪf(ə)ɹəns/ differences n
różnica
(uncountable) The quality of being different.
(countable) A characteristic of something that makes it different from something else.
(countable) The result of a subtraction; sometimes the absolute value of this result.

different /ˈdɪfəɹ(ə)nt/ /ˈdɪfəɹənt/ /ˈdɪfɹənt/ more different most different adj
inny różny
Not the same; exhibiting a difference.
inny odmienny niezwykły rozmaity
Unlike most others; unusual.

differentiable /ˌdɪf.ə(ɹ)ˈɛn.ʃə.bəl/ more differentiable most differentiable adj
różniczkowalny
(calculus, not comparable) Having a derivative, said of a function whose domain and codomain are manifolds.

differential [dɪfəˈɹənʃəɫ] more differential most differential adj
różnicowy
Of or pertaining to a difference.
różniczkowy
(mathematics) Of or pertaining to differentiation or the differential calculus.

differential [dɪfəˈɹənʃəɫ] differentials n
różniczka
(calculus) A quantity representing an infinitesimal change in a variable, now only used as a heuristic aid except in nonstandard analysis but considered rigorous until the 20th century; a fluxion in Newtonian calculus, now usually written in Leibniz's notation as \operatorname{d}\!x.

differential calculus n
rachunek różniczkowy
(calculus) The calculus that deals with instantaneous rates of change.

differential equation differential equations n
równanie różniczkowe
(calculus) an equation involving the derivatives of a function

differential geometry differential geometries n
geometria różniczkowa
(geometry, analysis) The study of geometry, especially geometric structures on differentiable manifolds, using techniques from calculus, linear algebra and multilinear algebra.

differentially adv
dyferencjalnie
(mathematics) With regard to differentiation

differentiate /dɪf.əˈɹen.ʃi.æɪt/ /dɪf.əˈɹɛn.ʃi.eɪt/ /ˌdɪf.əˈɹɛn.ʃi.eɪt/ v
różnicować zróżnicować
To make different; to change, modify.
różniczkować
(mathematics) To calculate the derivative of a function.
(mathematics) To calculate the differential of a function of multiple variables.
odróżniać odróżnić
To perceive the difference between things; to discriminate.
różnić się
(transitive, intransitive, often in the, _, passive, biology) To (cause to) go through a process of development called differentiation; to make or become different in form or function.

differentiation /dɪf.əˌɹen.ʃiˈæɪ.ʃən/ /dɪf.əˌɹɛn.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌdɪf.əˌɹɛn.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən/ differentiations n
dyferencjacja polaryzacja rozróżnienie
The act of treating one thing as distinct from another, or of creating such a distinction; of separating a class of things into categories; of describing a thing by illustrating how it is different from something else.
dyferencjacja
(geology) The process of separation of cooling magma into various rock types.
różniczkowanie
(mathematics, calculus) The process of applying the derivative operator to a function; of calculating a function's derivative.

differently /ˈdɪfəɹəntli/ /ˈdɪfɹəntli/ more differently most differently adv
inaczej
(manner) In a different way.

difficult /ˈdɪfɪkəlt/ more difficult most difficult adj
trudny ciężki
Hard, not easy, requiring much effort.

difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/ difficulties n
trudność
The state of being difficult, or hard to do.
An obstacle that hinders achievement of a goal.

difficulty level difficulty levels n
poziom trudności
The relative difficulty of completing a task or objective.

diffraction /dɪˈfɹækʃən/ diffractions n
dyfrakcja
(quantum mechanics) The breaking up of an electromagnetic wave as it passes a geometric structure (e.g. a slit), followed by reconstruction of the wave by interference.

diffusion /dɪˈfjuːʒən/ diffusions n
dyfuzja
(physics) The intermingling of the molecules of a fluid due to random thermal agitation.
rozprzestrzenianie
(physics, weather) Exchange of airborne media between regions in space in an apparently random motion of a small scale.
The movement of water vapor from regions of high concentration (high water vapor pressure) toward regions of lower concentration.

difluoride /daɪˈflɔːɹaɪd/ difluorides n
dwufluorek
(chemistry) any chloride containing two fluorine atoms in each molecule

dig /dɪɡ/ digs n
wykopalisko
An archeological or paleontological investigation, or the site where such an investigation is taking place.

dig /dɪɡ/ v
kopać wykopywać ryć
(transitive, intransitive) To move hard-packed earth out of the way, especially downward to make a hole with a shovel. Or to drill, or the like, through rocks, roads, or the like. More generally, to make any similar hole by moving material out of the way.
wykopać
(transitive) To get by digging; to take from the ground; often with up.

dig a hole for oneself v
kręcić na siebie bicz ukręcić na siebie bicz

dig in v
okopać się okopywać się
(military, also, figurative, _, in, _, sport) To dig trenches to resist an enemy attack.

dig one's own grave v
[[wykopać grób|wykopać sobie/swój własny grób]] [[wykopywać grób|wykopywać sobie/swój własny grób]]
(idiomatic) To behave in a way that is likely to have future negative effects on oneself, including (but not limited to) death.

digamma /daɪˈɡæmə/ digammas n
digamma
Letter of the Archaic Greek alphabet: Ϝ, ϝ

digest /daɪˈd͡ʒɛst/ /dəˈd͡ʒɛst/ v
trawić
(transitive) To separate (the food) in its passage through the alimentary canal into the nutritive and nonnutritive elements; to prepare, by the action of the digestive juices, for conversion into blood; to convert into chyme.

digestedness n
stopień trawienia

digestion /daɪˈd͡ʒɛst͡ʃən/ /dɪˈd͡ʒɛst͡ʃən/ digestions n
trawienie
The process, in the gastrointestinal tract, by which food is converted into substances that can be utilized by the body.

digestive system digestive systems n
układ pokarmowy
(anatomy) A system of organs for the purpose of digesting food.

digger /ˈdɪɡə/ /ˈdɪɡɚ/ diggers n
kopacz
One who digs.

digit /ˈdɪd͡ʒɪt/ digits n
cyfra
(mathematics) A distinct symbol representing a natural number in a positional number system.
palec
(anatomy) A narrow extremity of the human hand or foot: a finger, thumb, or toe.

digital /ˈdɪd͡ʒɪtl̩/ adj
palcowy cyfrowy
Having to do with digits (fingers or toes); performed with a finger.
cyfrowy
Property of representing values as discrete, often binary, numbers rather than a continuous spectrum.
Of or relating to computers or the Information Age.

digital camera digital cameras n
aparat cyfrowy cyfrówka
An electronic, often battery-powered device for recording and storing photographs in digital format, especially on a flash card.

digital nomad digital nomads n
cyfrowa nomadka cyfrowy nomada
Someone who earns a living from telecommunication technology while living in a nomadic manner, typically working remotely from various locations such as coffee shops and public libraries.

digital nomadism n
cyfrowy nomadyzm

digitalis /dɪdʒɪˈtɑːlɪs/ /dɪd͡ʒɪˈteɪlɪs/ /dɪd͡ʒɪˈtælɪs/ digitalises n
naparstnica
Any plant of the genus Digitalis (herbaceous plants of the Plantaginaceae family, including the foxglove, Digitalis purpurea).

digitization digitizations n
digitalizacja dygitalizacja
(computing) The conversion of data or information from analog to digital or binary.

digitoxin digitoxins n
digitoksyna

dignified /ˈdɪɡnɪfaɪd/ more dignified most dignified adj
godny dostojny
Having an attitude or bearing that connotes respectability and poise.

dignity /ˈdɪɡnɪti/ dignities n
godność
The state of being dignified or worthy of esteem: elevation of mind or character.
dostojeństwo dostojność
High office, rank, or station.

digon /ˈdaɪɡən/ /ˈdaɪˌɡɑn/ /ˈdaɪˌɡɒn/ digons n
dwukąt
(geometry) A polygon having two edges and two vertices.

digraph /ˈdaɪɡɹæf/ /ˈdaɪɡɹɑːf/ digraphs n
dwuznak
(linguistics) A pair of letters, especially a pair representing a single phoneme.

digress /daɪˈɡɹɛs/ /dɪˈɡɹɛs/ v
odbiec odbiegać
(intransitive) To step or turn aside; to deviate; to swerve; especially, to turn aside from the main subject of attention, or course of argument, in writing or speaking.

digression /daɪˈɡɹɛʃən/ /dɪˈɡɹɛʃən/ /dʌɪˈɡɹɛʃən/ digressions n
dygresja wtrącenie
(generally, _, uncountable) The act of straying from the main subject in speech or writing, (rhetoric) particularly for rhetorical effect.

dihectagon dihectagons n
200[[kąt|-okąt]]
(geometry, rare) A polygon with two hundred sides and two hundred angles.

dihydrogen monoxide /daɪˈhaɪdɹədʒ(ə)n məˈnɒksaɪd/ /daɪˈhaɪdɹədʒən məˈnɑkˌsaɪd/ n
monotlenek diwodoru
(inorganic compound, usually, jocular) H₂O, water.

dilapidate /dəˈlæp.ə.deɪt/ /dɪˈlæp.ɪ.deɪt/ v
zrujnować
(transitive) To cause to become ruined or put into disrepair.
roztrwonić
(transitive, figurative) To squander or waste.
popaść w ruinę
(intransitive, archaic) To fall into ruin or disuse.

dilatable more dilatable most dilatable adj
rozciągliwy rozszerzalny
That can be dilated

dilate /daɪˈleɪt/ v
rozszerzać rozszerzyć
(transitive) To enlarge; to make bigger.
rozszerzać się rozszerzyć się
(intransitive) To become wider or larger; to expand.

dilatoriness dilatorinesses n
opieszałość
The state or quality of being dilatory.

dildo /ˈdɪldoʊ/ /ˈdɪldəʊ/ [ˈdɪɫdoʊ] [ˈdɪɫdəʊ] dildoes dildos n
dildo jebadło
An artificial phallus (penis) for sexual use.

dilemma /daɪˈlɛmə/ /dɪˈlɛmə/ dilemmas dilemmata n
dylemat
A circumstance in which a choice must be made between two or more alternatives that seem equally undesirable.
A difficult circumstance or problem.
(logic) A type of syllogism of the form "if A is true then B is true; if C is true then D is true; either A or C is true; therefore either B or D is true".

dilettante /dɪləˈtɒnti/ /dɪlɪˈtænti/ /ˈdɪlɪˌtænt/ /ˈdɪlɪˌtɑnt/ /ˌdɪlɪˈtænt/ /ˌdɪlɪˈtɑnt/ /ˌdɪlɪˈtɑnteɪ/ more dilettante most dilettante adj
amatorski
Pertaining to or like a dilettante.

dilettante /dɪləˈtɒnti/ /dɪlɪˈtænti/ /ˈdɪlɪˌtænt/ /ˈdɪlɪˌtɑnt/ /ˌdɪlɪˈtænt/ /ˌdɪlɪˈtɑnt/ /ˌdɪlɪˈtɑnteɪ/ dilettantes dilettanti n
dyletant amator amatorka dyletantka
An amateur, someone who dabbles in a field out of casual interest rather than as a profession or serious interest.
amator amatorka
(sometimes, derogatory) A person with a general but superficial interest in any art or a branch of knowledge.

dilettantish more dilettantish most dilettantish adj
dyletancki
amateurish

dilettantism dilettantisms n
amatorstwo amatorszczyzna
The act of behaving like a dilettante, of being an amateur or "dabbler", sometimes in the arts. Also the act of enjoying the arts, being a connoisseur.

diligence /ˈdɪlɪdʒəns/ diligences n
pracowitość pilność
The qualities of a hard worker, including conscientiousness, determination, and perseverance.
dyliżans
(historical) A four-wheeled public stage-coach, widely used in France before the general establishment of the railways.

diligent /ˈdɪlɪdʒənt/ more diligent most diligent adj
pilny
Performing with industrious concentration; hard-working and focused.

diligently more diligently most diligently adv
pilnie
In a diligent manner, with appropriate effort, carefully.

dill /dɪl/ dills n
koper koper ogrodowy koperek
Anethum graveolens (the type species of the genus Anethum), a herb, the seeds of which are moderately warming, pungent, and aromatic, formerly used as a soothing medicine for children; also known as dillseed.

dilute /daɪˈljuːt/ /daɪˈlut/ /dɪˈlut/ more dilute most dilute adj
rozcieńczony
Having a low concentration.

dilute /daɪˈljuːt/ /daɪˈlut/ /dɪˈlut/ v
rozcieńczać
(transitive) To make thinner by adding solvent to a solution, especially by adding water.

diluted more diluted most diluted adj
rozcieńczony
That has had something added in order to dilute it.

dilution /daɪˈljuːʃən/ /daɪˈluʃən/ /dɪˈluʃən/ dilutions n
rozcieńczanie
The process of making something dilute.

diluvial /daɪˈluːvi.əl/ adj
dyluwialny potopowy
Relating to or produced by a flood or deluge.

dim /dɪm/ dimmer dimmest adj
ciemnawy ciemny przytępiony przyćmiony
Not bright or colorful.
ciemny tępy
(colloquial) Not smart or intelligent.
niejasny niewyraźny
Indistinct, hazy or unclear.

dim /dɪm/ v
omroczyć przyciemniać zaćmić ściemniać
(transitive) To make something less bright.
ciemnieć mierzchnąć mrocznieć ćmić
(intransitive) To become darker.

dimension /daɪˈmɛnʃən/ /dɪˈmɛnʃən/ dimensions n
wymiar
A single aspect of a given thing.
A measure of spatial extent in a particular direction, such as height, width or breadth, or depth.
A construct whereby objects or individuals can be distinguished.
(geometry) The number of independent coordinates needed to specify uniquely the location of a point in a space; also, any of such independent coordinates.
(linear algebra) The number of elements of any basis of a vector space.
(physics) One of the physical properties that are regarded as fundamental measures of a physical quantity, such as mass, length and time.
(computing) Any of the independent ranges of indices in a multidimensional array.
(science fiction, fantasy) A universe or plane of existence.

dimensional /-ʃnəl/ /daɪ-/ /dɪˈmɛnʃənəl/ more dimensional most dimensional adj
wymiarowy
(mathematics) Appended to cardinal numbers or algebraic symbols to form adjectives meaning "having the stated number of dimensions".

dimensionality /daɪˌmɛn.ʃəˈnæl.ə.tɪ/ /daɪˌmɛn.ʃəˈnæl.ɪ.tɪ/ /dɪˌmɛn.ʃəˈnæl.ə.tɪ/ [daɪˌmɛn.ʃəˈnæl.ə.ɾɪ] [dɪˌmɛn.ʃəˈnæl.ə.ɾɪ] dimensionalities n
liczba wymiarów
(chiefly, _, mathematics, and, computing) The number of dimensions something has.

dimensionless adj
bezwymiarowy
Lacking dimensions.

dimer /ˈdaɪmə(ɹ)/ dimers n
dimer
(chemistry) A molecule consisting of two identical halves, formed by joining two identical molecules, sometimes with a single atom acting as a bridge.

dimethylmercury n
dimetylortęć
(organic compound) An organometallic compound of mercury, (CH3)2Hg, that is a dangerous neurotoxin

diminutive /dəˈmɪn.jə.tɪv/ /dɪˈmɪn.jə.tɪv/ /dɪˈmɪn.jʊ.tɪv/ more diminutive most diminutive adj
zdrobnienie
(grammar) Of or pertaining to, or creating a word form expressing smallness, youth, unimportance, or endearment.

diminutive /dəˈmɪn.jə.tɪv/ /dɪˈmɪn.jə.tɪv/ /dɪˈmɪn.jʊ.tɪv/ diminutives n
zdrobnienie
(grammar) A word form expressing smallness, youth, unimportance, or endearment.

dimorphic /daɪˈmɔːfɪk/ /ˌdaɪˈmɔɹfɪk/ adj
bimorficzny dymorficzny
exhibiting dimorphism

dimorphism /daɪˈmɔːfɪzəm/ dimorphisms n
dymorfizm bimorfizm
(biology) The occurrence within a plant of two distinct forms of any part.
dymorfizm
(biology) The occurrence in an animal species of two distinct types of individual.

dimple /ˈdɪmpəl/ dimples n
dołeczek dołek
Specifically, a small natural depression on the skin, especially on the face near the corners of the mouth.

din /dɪn/ dins n
gwar hałas rumor zgiełk
A loud noise; a cacophony or loud commotion.

dinar /ˈdiːnɑː(ɹ)/ dinars n
dinar
The official currency of several countries, including Algeria, Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Serbia, Tunisia and (as denar) North Macedonia.

dine /daɪn/ v
jeść kolację jeść obiad obiadować
(intransitive) To eat; to eat dinner or supper.

diner /ˈdaɪnə(ɹ)/ diners n
wagon restauracyjny
(US) A typically small restaurant, usually modeled after a railroad dining car, that serves lower-class fare, normally having a counter with stools along one side and booths on the other, and often decorated in 50s and 60s pop culture themes and playing popular music from those decades.

ding dong /dɪŋ(ɡ)ˈdɒŋ(ɡ)/ interjection
bam bim-bam bim-bam-bom dzyń
(onomatopoeia, colloquial, often, childish) The sound made by a doorbell.

dinghy /ˈdɪŋ(ɡ)i/ /ˈdɪŋ.i/ dinghies n
bajbot bączek
(nautical) A small open boat, propelled by oars or paddles, carried as a tender, lifeboat, or pleasure craft on a ship.

dingo /ˈdɪŋɡəʊ/ dingoes dingos n
dingo
A wild dog native to Australia (Canis familiaris, Canis familiaris dingo, Canis dingo, or Canis lupus dingo).

dining car dining cars n
wagon restauracyjny
(rail) A carriage on a train that functions as a restaurant.

dining hall dining halls n
jadalnia stołówka
a large room, typically in schools or colleges, where people eat together

dining room dining rooms n
jadalnia
A room, in a home or hotel, where meals are eaten. Some restaurants provide private dining rooms for hire, away from the main public eating areas.

dining table dining tables n
stół jadalniany
A table, usually in a dining room, on which meals are served.

dinitrogen tetroxide n
tetratlenek diazotu
(inorganic compound) A binary compound of nitrogen and oxygen, N2O4, that exists in equilibrium with nitrogen dioxide NO2; it is a powerful oxidizing agent and is used in rocket propellants.

dinner /ˈdɪnə/ /ˈdɪnəɹ/ [ˈdɪnɚ] dinners n
obiad
A midday meal (in a context in which the evening meal is called supper or tea).
obiad kolacja
The main meal of the day, often eaten in the evening.
bankiet
A formal meal for many people eaten for a special occasion.

dinner's ready phraseologicalUnit
kolacja (jest) gotowa! kolację podano! obiad (jest) gotowy! obiad podano!

dinosaur /ˈdaɪnəsɔː(ɹ)/ /ˈdʌɪnəsɔːɹ/ dinosaurs n
dinozaur
(proscribed) Any extinct reptile, not necessarily belonging to Dinosauria, that existed between about 230 million and 65 million years ago.
(figuratively, colloquial) Something or someone that is very old or old-fashioned, or is not willing to change and adapt.

dint /dɪnt/ dints n
wgięcie
The mark left by a blow; an indentation or impression made by violence; a dent.

diocesan /daɪˈɑsɪsən/ /dʌɪˈɒsɪsən/ adj
diecezjalny
Pertaining to a diocese.

diocesan /daɪˈɑsɪsən/ /dʌɪˈɒsɪsən/ diocesans n
diecezjanin
An inhabitant of a diocese.

diocese /-siz/ /ˈdaɪ.ə.sɪs/ dioceses n
diecezja
Administrative division of the later Roman Empire, starting with the tetrarchy.
(religion) Region administered by a bishop.

diode /ˈdaɪoʊd/ /ˈdaɪəʊd/ diodes n
dioda
(electronics) An electronic device that allows current to flow in one direction only; used chiefly as a rectifier.

diol diols n
diol
(organic compound) any organic compound having two hydroxy functional groups

dioptase dioptases n
dioptaz
An intense emerald-green to bluish-green copper cyclosilicate mineral.

diopter diopters n
dioptria
A unit of measure of the power of a lens or mirror, equal to the reciprocal of its focal length in meters. Myopia is diagnosed and measured in diopters.

diorama dioramas n
diorama
A three-dimensional display of a scenery, often having a painted background in front of which models are arranged, e.g. in a museum where stuffed animals are presented against a painted landscape.

dioxide /daɪˈɒksaɪd/ /ˈdaɪɔksaɪd/ dioxides n
dwutlenek
(chemistry) Any oxide containing two oxygen atoms in each molecule.

dioxin /daɪˈɑksən/ /daɪˈɒksɪn/ n
dioksyna
(countable, organic compound) Any of a broad range of toxic or carcinogenic halogenated polycyclic compounds that occur as byproducts of herbicides.

dip /dɪp/ dips n
dip
A sauce for dipping.

diphallia /daɪˈfæli.ə/ n
difalia
(medicine, urology) A rare medical condition in which a male infant is born with two penises.

diphtheria /dɪfˈθɪəɹɪə/ /dɪfˈθɪɹi.ə/ /dɪpˈθɪəɹɪə/ /dɪpˈθɪɹi.ə/ diphtherias n
błonica dyfteria dyfteryt
(pathology) A serious infectious disease leading to inflammation of mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

diphtherial adj
błonicowy błoniczy

diphthong /ˈdɪfˌθɑŋ/ /ˈdɪfˌθɒŋ(ɡ)/ /ˈdɪfˌθɔŋ/ /ˈdɪpˌθɑŋ/ /ˈdɪpˌθɒŋ(ɡ)/ /ˈdɪpˌθɔŋ/ diphthongs n
dyftong dwugłoska
(phonetics) A complex vowel sound that begins with the sound of one vowel and ends with the sound of another vowel, in the same syllable.

diplodocus diplodocuses n
diplodok diplodokus
Any of several herbivorous sauropod dinosaurs, of the genus Diplodocus, known as fossils from the late Jurassic in North America.

diploma /dɪˈpləʊmə/ diplomas diplomata n
dyplom świadectwo
A document issued by an educational institution testifying that the recipient has earned a degree or has successfully completed a particular course of study.

diplomacy /dɪˈploʊməsi/ /dɪˈpləʊməsi/ diplomacies n
dyplomacja
The art and practice of conducting international relations by negotiating alliances, treaties, agreements etc., bilaterally or multilaterally, between states and sometimes international organizations, or even between polities with varying status, such as those of monarchs and their princely vassals.
Tact and subtle skill in dealing with people so as to avoid or settle hostility.

diplomat /ˈdɪp.lə.mæt/ diplomats n
dyplomata dyplomatka
A person, such as an ambassador, who is accredited to represent a government officially in its relations with other governments or international organisations

diplomatic /ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk/ more diplomatic most diplomatic adj
dyplomatyczny
Concerning the relationships between the governments of countries.
Exhibiting diplomacy; exercising tact or courtesy; using discussion to avoid hard feelings, fights or arguments.

diplomatic corps diplomatic corps n
korpus dyplomatyczny
The collective body of foreign diplomats accredited to a particular country or body.

diplomatic immunity n
immunitet dyplomatyczny
A diplomat's immunity to prosecution and/or litigation under local law.

diplomatically more diplomatically most diplomatically adv
dyplomatycznie
In a diplomatic manner.

diplomatics diplomatics n
dyplomatyka
The science of authenticating, dating, and interpreting old official documents.

dipole /ˈdaɪˌpoʊl/ /ˈdʌɪpəʊl/ dipoles n
dipol
(physics) Any object (such as a magnet, polar molecule or antenna) that is oppositely charged at two points (or poles).
(chemistry) Any molecule or radical that has delocalised positive and negative charges.

dipped headlight dipped headlights n
światło mijania
The main light on a motor vehicle, with the beam in a lower angle position, to enable oncoming traffic to see.

dipper /ˈdɪpə/ /ˈdɪpɚ/ dippers n
pluszcz
Any of various small passerine birds of the genus Cinclus that live near fast-flowing streams and feed along the bottom.
chochla
A cup-shaped vessel with a long handle, for dipping into and ladling out liquids; a ladle or scoop.

diprotic adj
dwuzasadowy
(chemistry, of an acid or base) Tending to donate or accept two hydrogen ions (H+) in solution.

dipstick /ˈdɪpstɪk/ dipsticks n
bagnet
A stick or rod used to measure the depth of a liquid. Often used to check the level at which a liquid in an opaque or inaccessible tank or reservoir stands; gauge.
idiota
(slang, derogatory) A useless person of inferior intellect; a dipshit.

diptych /ˈdɪptɪk/ diptychs n
dyptyk
(arts) A picture or series of pictures painted on two tablets, usually connected by hinges.

dipyramid dipyramids n
bipiramida
In geometry, any of a class of solids formed from two pyramids placed symmetrically base to base.

dire /ˈdaɪ̯ə(ɹ)/ direr direst more dire most dire adj
straszny poważny
Requiring action to prevent bad consequences: urgent, pressing.
Expressing bad consequences: dreadful; dismal.

dire straits n
tarapaty
A difficult position.

direct /d(a)ɪˈɹɛkt/ /daɪ̯əˈɹɛkt/ /dəˈɹɛkt/ v
kierować
To point out to with authority; to instruct as a superior; to order.

direct cost direct costs n
koszt bezpośredni

direct current direct currents n
prąd stały
(physics) An electric current that always flows in the same direction but may differ in intensity over time.

direct debit direct debits n
polecenie zapłaty
a single order to allow a commercial, or similar entity to charge directly to one's bank for a regular payment.

direct democracy direct democracies n
demokracja bezpośrednia

direct free kick direct free kicks n
rzut wolny bezpośredni
(soccer) a free kick from which a goal may be scored directly

direct marketing n
marketing bezpośredni
(business, marketing) Marketing that reaches customers by communications directly addressed to the customer. Methods of digital marketing include reaching potential customers, donors, patrons through placing live phone calls from an agent.

direct object direct objects n
dopełnienie bliższe
(grammar, in languages without cases) The noun or noun phrase that a verb is directly acting upon.

direct speech n
mowa niepośrednia mowa niezależna
(grammar, narratology) the writing of speech, using the exact words of the speaker, usually between quotation marks

directed graph directed graphs n
graf skierowany
(graph theory) A graph in which the edges are ordered pairs, so that, if the edge (a, b) is in the graph, the edge (b, a) need not be in the graph and is distinct from (a, b) if it is.

direction /d(a)ɪˈɹɛk.ʃən/ directions n
kierunek
A theoretical line (physically or mentally) followed from a point of origin or towards a destination. May be relative (e.g. up, left, outbound, dorsal), geographical (e.g. north), rotational (e.g. clockwise), or with respect to an object or location (e.g. toward Boston).
reżyseria kierowanie
The work of the director in cinema or theater; the skill of directing a film, play etc.

directionless more directionless most directionless adj
bezideowy bezkierunkowy

directionlessly adv
bezideowo bezkierunkowo

directionlessness /dʌɪˈɹɛkʃənləsnəs/ n
bezideowość bezkierunkowość

directive /daɪˈɹɛk.tɪv/ /dəˈɹɛk.tɪv/ /dɪˈɹɛk.tɪv/ directives n
dyrektywa
An instruction or guideline that indicates how to perform an action or reach a goal.
An authoritative decision from an official body, which may or may not have binding force.
(European Union law) A form of legislative act addressed to the member states. The directive binds the member state to reach certain objectives in their national legislation.

directly /daɪˈɹɛk(t)li/ /dɪˈɹɛk(t)li/ more directly most directly adv
wprost bezpośrednio
In a direct manner; in a straight line or course.

directly proportional adj
wprost proporcjonalny
(mathematics) Proportional to a constant multiple of an independent variable.

directness directnesses n
bezpośredniość

director /daɪˈɹɛktə(ɹ)/ /daɪˈɹɛktɚ/ /daɪ̯əˈɹɛktə(ɹ)/ /dɪˈɹɛktə(ɹ)/ /dɪˈɹɛktɚ/ directors directress directrix n
reżyser dyrektor dyrektorka reżyserka
One who directs; the person in charge of managing a department or directorate (e.g., director of engineering), project, or production (as in a show or film, e.g., film director).

directorate /daɪˈɹɛktəɹət/ /dɪˈɹɛktəɹət/ directorates n
dyrekcja dyrektoriat
An agency headed by a director, usually a subdivision of a major government department.

directory /daɪˈɹɛktəɹi/ /dɪˈɹɛktəɹi/ directories n
katalog
A list of names, addresses etc, of specific classes of people or organizations, often in alphabetical order or in some classification.
(computing) A structured listing of the names and characteristics of the files on a storage device.

directress directresses n
reżyserka
A female director.

directrix directrices directrixes n
kierownica
(geometry) A line used to define a curve or surface; especially a line, the distance from which a point on a conic has a constant ratio to that from the focus.

dirge /dɜːdʒ/ /dɝd͡ʒ/ dirges n
pieśń żałobna
A mournful poem or piece of music composed or performed as a memorial to a dead person.

dirigible /ˈdɪɹ.ə.d͡ʒə.bəl/ /ˈdɪɹɪdʒəbəɫ/ dirigibles n
sterowiec
(aviation) A self-propelled airship that can be steered.

dirk /dɜːk/ /dɝk/ dirks n
kordzik
(nautical) A ceremonial dagger worn by naval or air force officers in some nations' militaries; formerly, a fighting dagger used by sailors as a boarding weapon.

dirndl /ˈdɜɹnd(ə)l/ /ˈdɜːndl̩/ [ˈdɚndɫ̩] [ˈdɪəndəɫ] dirndls n
dirndl
A traditional Alpine woman's dress having a tight bodice and full skirt.

dirt /dɜːt/ /dɝt/ dirts n
brud ziemia
(chiefly, US) Soil or earth.
brud
A stain or spot (on clothes etc); any foreign substance that worsens appearance.
(figurative) Meanness; sordidness.
(mining) In placer mining, earth, gravel, etc., before washing.
Freckles.
brud kompromat
Previously unknown facts or rumors about a person.

dirt cheap more dirt cheap most dirt cheap adj
tani jak barszcz
(informal) Very cheap; easily affordable.

dirt road dirt roads n
gruntowa droga
An unpaved road consisting solely of subgrade material.

dirt-poor adj
przeubogi
(idiomatic) In a condition of extreme poverty.

dirtball dirtballs n
brudas brudaska
(slang, derogatory) A dirty or sleazy person.

dirty /ˈdɜːti/ /ˈdɝti/ [ˈdɝɾi] dirtier dirtiest adj
brudny
Unclean; covered with or containing unpleasant substances such as dirt or grime.
Corrupt, illegal, or improper.
Of color, discolored by impurities.
brudzący brudny
That makes one unclean; corrupting, infecting.
sprośny świński nieprzyzwoity
Morally unclean; obscene or indecent, especially sexually.
haniebny brudny
Dishonourable; violating accepted standards or rules.

dirty /ˈdɜːti/ /ˈdɝti/ [ˈdɝɾi] v
brudzić kalać plamić upaćkać
(transitive) To make (something) dirty.

dirty bomb dirty bombs n
brudna bomba
A device containing conventional explosives and radioactive material, designed to spread radiation over a wide area.

dirty laundry n
brudy
(idiom) Unflattering or embarrassing facts, or questionable activities that one wants to remain secret, but which someone else may use as blackmail.

dirty look dirty looks n
wzrok bazyliszka
(idiomatic) An unpleasant or disdainful look or expression, often directed at someone.

dirty money n
brudne pieniądze
(idiomatic, business, law) Money that is illegally gained, illegally transferred or illegally utilized, especially money gained through forgery, bribery, prostitution, money laundering, or theft.

dirty trick dirty tricks n
świństwo
An unkind trick.

dirty word /ˈdɚɾijˌwɝd/ /ˈdɜːtiˌwɜːd/ dirty words n
brzydkie słowo
A word that is considered vulgar, not necessarily sexual in nature.

dis- /dɪs/ prefix
de- dez- od- roz-
Expressing separation or removal.

disability /dɪsəˈbɪlɪti/ disabilities n
renta
(uncountable, informal) Regular payments received by a disabled person, usually from the state

disable /dɪsˈeɪbəl/ /dɪzˈeɪbəl/ v
dezaktywować zdezaktywować
(transitive) To render unable; to take away an ability of, as by crippling.
blokować dezaktywować wyłączać wyłączyć zablokować zdezaktywować
(chiefly, electronics, computing) To deactivate, to make inoperational (especially of a function of an electronic or mechanical device).

disabled [dɪsˈeɪbəɫd] more disabled most disabled adj
wyłączony zdezaktywowany
Made incapable of use or action.
niepełnosprawny
Having a disability.

disabled [dɪsˈeɪbəɫd] disabled disableds n
inwalida inwalidka
(nonstandard) One who is disabled. (often used collectively as the disabled, but sometimes also singular)

disabuse /dɪsəˈbjuːz/ v
wyprowadzać z błędu wyprowadzić z błędu
(transitive) To free (someone) of a misconception or misapprehension; to unveil a falsehood held by (someone).

disaccharide /daɪˈsækəɹaɪd/ disaccharides n
disacharyd
(carbohydrate) Any sugar, such as sucrose, maltose and lactose, consisting of two monosaccharides combined together.

disadvantage /ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪd͡ʒ/ /ˌdɪsədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/ disadvantages n
niekorzyść
A weakness or undesirable characteristic; a con.
wada
A setback or handicap.

disagreement /dɪsəˈɡɹiːmənt/ disagreements n
niezgoda spór
An argument or debate.

disambiguate /dɪ.samˈbɪɡjuːeɪt/ v
ujednoznaczniać
To remove ambiguities from; to make less ambiguous; to clarify or specify which of multiple possibilities applies – e.g., possible meanings of an ambiguous statement – or to invite or require this.

disambiguation /dɪsæmˌbɪɡjuːˈeɪʃən/ disambiguations n
ujednoznacznienie
The removal of ambiguity.

disappear /dɪsəˈpiːɹ/ /dɪsəˈpɪə/ /dɪsəˈpɪɹ/ v
znikać zniknąć
(intransitive) To vanish.
znikać zniknąć porwać porywać
(transitive, often, euphemistic) To make vanish; especially, to abduct or murder for political reasons.

disappearance /dɪsəˈpɪəɹəns/ disappearances n
zniknięcie
The action of disappearing or vanishing.

disappoint /dɪsəˈpɔɪnt/ /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnt/ v
rozczarować zawieść
(transitive) To sadden or displease (someone) by underperforming, or by not delivering something promised or hoped for.

disappointed /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd/ more disappointed most disappointed adj
rozczarowany zawiedziony
Defeated of expectations or hope; experiencing disappointment; let down.

disappointing more disappointing most disappointing adj
rozczarowujący
Causing disappointment.

disappointment /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt/ disappointments n
rozczarowanie zawód
(countable) An example or the act of disappointing: a circumstance in which a positive expectation is not achieved.

disapproval /dɪsəˈpɹuvəl/ [dɪsəˈpɹuːvəɫ] disapprovals n
dezaprobata
The act of disapproving; condemnation.

disapprove /dɪsəˈpɹuːv/ v
odrzucać potępiać skazać
(intransitive) To condemn; to consider wrong or inappropriate; used with of.
potępiać
To have or express an unfavorable opinion.

disarm /dɪsˈɑɹm/ /dɪsˈɑː(ɹ)m/ v
rozbrajać rozbroić
(transitive) To deprive of weapons; to deprive of the means of attack or defense; to render defenseless.

disarmament /dɪsˈɑː(r)məmənt/ disarmaments n
rozbrojenie
The reduction or the abolition of the military forces and armaments of a nation, and of its capability to wage war.

disassembler disassemblers n
dezasembler
(computing) A computer program that examines another computer program and attempts to generate assembly language source code that would, in theory, reproduce the target program.

disaster /dɪˈzæs.tə/ /dɪˈzæs.tɚ/ /dɪˈzɑːs.tə(ɹ)/ disasters n
katastrofa bieda gorze nieszczęście
An unexpected natural or man-made catastrophe of substantial extent causing significant physical damage or destruction, loss of life or sometimes permanent change to the natural environment.

disaster area disaster areas n
obszar klęski
An area that has been the site of a natural disaster that receives an official designation entitling residents and organizations within that area to receive relief and benefits.

disaster tourism n
turystyka katastroficzna

disaster tourist disaster tourists n
turysta turystyki katastroficznej

disavowal [dɪsəˈvaʊ(ə)ɫ] disavowals n
wyparcie się
A denial of knowledge, relationship, or responsibility towards something or someone.

disband /dɪsˈbænd/ v
rozpuszczać
(ambitransitive) To break up or (cause to) cease to exist; to disperse.

disc brake disc brakes n
hamulec tarczowy
(automotive, British spelling) A type of brake where the friction is produced by brake pads which are pressed against a disc.

disc jockey /ˌdɪsk ˈdʒɒki/ disc jockeys n
didżej DJ didżejka
(dated, radio) A person who conducts a radio program of recorded music combined with talk, news, commercials, weather, etc.
A person who plays, and sometimes mixes, recorded music at nightclubs, dances, parties, or some other social event; and/or as a backup musician for spoken word, or hip hop performers.

discalced /dɪsˈkælst/ adj
bosy
(Roman Catholicism) Pertaining to a religious order that historically forswore the wearing of shoes. [from 17th c.]

discard /dɪsˈkɑɹd/ /dɪsˈkɑːd/ /ˈdɪskɑɹd/ /ˈdɪskɑːd/ v
zrzucić
(transitive) To throw away, to reject.

discectomy discectomies n
dyskektomia

discern /dɪˈsɜːn/ /dɪˈsɝn/ /dɪˈzɜːn/ /dɪˈzɝn/ v
dostrzec dostrzegać zauważać zauważyć
(transitive) To detect with the senses, especially with the eyes.
rozróżniać rozróżnić
(transitive) To distinguish something as being different from something else; to differentiate or discriminate.

discharge /dɪsˈtʃɑɹdʒ/ /dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ/ /ˈdɪstʃɑɹdʒ/ /ˈdɪstʃɑːdʒ/ discharges n
wypis
(medicine) The act of releasing an inpatient from hospital.

discharge /dɪsˈtʃɑɹdʒ/ /dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ/ /ˈdɪstʃɑɹdʒ/ /ˈdɪstʃɑːdʒ/ v
rozładować rozładowywać
(electricity) To release (an accumulated charge).
wypisać wypisywać
(medicine) To release (an inpatient) from hospital.
rozładować
To operate (any weapon that fires a projectile, such as a shotgun or sling).
rozładować, wyładować
To let fly; to give expression to; to utter.

disciple /dɪˈsaɪ.pəl/ disciples n
uczeń adept adeptka uczennica
A person who learns from another, especially one who then teaches others.

disciplinary /dɪsɪˈplɪnəɹi/ /ˈdɪs.ə.pləˌnɛɹi/ more disciplinary most disciplinary adj
dyscyplinarny
For the purpose of imposing punishment.

discipline /ˈdɪs.ə.plən/ /ˈdɪs.ə.plɪn/ /ˈdɪs.ɪ.plɪn/ disciplines n
dyscyplina
A controlled behaviour; self-control.

disciplined /ˈdɪsɪplɪnd/ more disciplined most disciplined adj
zdyscyplinowany
Possessing mental discipline.

disclaimer /dɪsˈkleɪm.ə/ /dɪsˈkleɪm.ɚ/ disclaimers n
zrzeczenie się
A public disavowal, as of responsibility, pretensions, claims, opinions, etc.
(legal) A denial, disavowal, or renunciation, as of a title, claim, interest, estate, or trust; relinquishment or waiver of an interest or estate.

disclose /dɪsˈkləʊz/ v
ujawnić
(transitive) To expose to the knowledge of others; to make known, state openly, reveal.

disclosure /dɪsˈkloʊʒɚ/ /dɪsˈkləʊʒə(ɹ)/ disclosures n
ujawnienie wyjawienie
(legal) The making known of a previously hidden fact or series of facts to another party; the act of disclosing.

disco /ˈdɪskoʊ/ /ˈdɪskəʊ/ discos n
dyskoteka disco
(uncountable, music genre) A genre of dance music that was popular in the 1970s, characterized by elements of soul music with a strong Latin-American beat and often accompanied by pulsating lights.

disco ball /ˈdɪskoʊ ˌbɑːl/ /ˈdɪskoʊ ˌbɔːl/ /ˈdɪskəʊ ˌbɔːl/ disco balls n
kula dyskotekowa
A suspended rotating mirrored sphere which casts moving spots of light across a room when light is projected on it.

disco music n
disco
A genre of dance music that was mostly popular in the 1970s that is often characterized by its elements of soul music along with a strong Latin-American inspired beat and often accompanied by pulsating lights that also features a melodic sound with a regular bass beat that was intended mainly for dancing at discotheques.

discobolus discoboli n
dyskobol
A statue of a discus thrower.

discography /ˌdɪsˈkɑɡɹəfi/ /ˌdɪsˈkɒɡɹəfi/ discographies n
dyskografia
List of all of the releases of a certain musical act, usually with release dates, and often with other information about the releases.

discoloration discolorations n
barwica
The act of discoloring, or the state of being discolored; alteration of hue or appearance.

discombobulation discombobulations n
konsternacja
(humorous) An embarrassing feeling that leaves a person confused.

discomfort /dɪsˈkʌmfət/ /dɪsˈkʌmfɚt/ discomforts n
dyskomfort niewygoda
Mental or bodily distress.

discontinuation discontinuations n
odstawienie
(medicine) The process of quitting a course of treatment with a drug.
zaprzestanie
Breach or interruption of continuity; separation of parts in a connected series; discontinuance.

discontinue /dɪskənˈtɪnju/ v
przerwać przerywać zaprzestawać zaprzestać
(transitive) To interrupt the continuance of; to put an end to, especially as regards commercial productions; to stop producing, making, or supplying.

discord /dɪsˈkɔɹd/ /dɪsˈkɔːd/ /ˈdɪskɔɹd/ /ˈdɪskɔːd/ discords n
niezgoda
Lack of concord, agreement or harmony.
kakofonia
(music) An inharmonious combination of simultaneously sounded tones; a dissonance.

discotheque /ˈdɪskoʊˌtɛk/ /ˈdɪskəˌtɛk/ discotheques n
dyskoteka
(dated) A nightclub where dancing takes place.

discount /dɪsˈkaʊnt/ /ˈdɪskaʊnt/ discounts n
rabat zniżka opust przecena upust
A reduction in price.
dyskonto
(finance) A deduction made for interest, in advancing money upon, or purchasing, a bill or note not due; payment in advance of interest upon money.

discount /dɪsˈkaʊnt/ /ˈdɪskaʊnt/ v
potrącać potrącić
To deduct from an account, debt, charge, and the like.

discount card discount cards n
karta rabatowa

discount rate discount rates n
oprocentowanie
(finance) An interest rate that a central bank charges depository institutions that borrow reserves from it.

discount store discount stores n
dyskont
A type of department store which sell products at prices lower than those asked by other department stores.

discourage /dɪsˈkɝɪd͡ʒ/ /dɪsˈkʌɹɪd͡ʒ/ v
zniechęcać zniechęcić
(transitive) To persuade somebody not to do (something).

discouraging /dɪsˈkɝ.ɪ.d͡ʒɪŋ/ /dɪsˈkʌɹ.ɪ.d͡ʒɪŋ/ adj
antybodźcowy przeciwbodźcowy zniechęcający
That causes discouragement.

discouragingly more discouragingly most discouragingly adv
antybodźcowo przeciwbodźcowo zniechęcająco

discourse /dɪsˈko(ː)ɹs/ /dɪsˈkoəs/ /dɪsˈkɔː(ɹ)s/ /ˈdɪsko(ː)ɹs/ /ˈdɪskoəs/ /ˈdɪskɔː(ɹ)s/ discourses n
konwersacja
(uncountable, archaic) Verbal exchange, conversation.
dyskurs
(uncountable) Expression in words, either speech or writing.
(countable) A formal lengthy exposition of some subject, either spoken or written.
(social sciences, countable) An institutionalized way of thinking, a social boundary defining what can be said about a specific topic (after Michel Foucault).

discourtesy /dɪsˈkɜːtəzi/ discourtesies n
niegrzeczność nieuprzejmość
Lack of courtesy; rudeness.

discover /dɪsˈkʊvə/ /dɪsˈkʌvə/ /dɪsˈkʌvɚ/ v
odkrywać odkryć
To find or learn something for the first time.
odkryć odkrywać
(transitive, now, rare) To expose, uncover.

discovered check discovered checks n
szachy z odsłony
(chess) A check by means of a discovered attack against the opponent's king.

discoverer discoverers n
odkrywca odkrywczyni
One who discovers: a person who has discovered something.

discovery /dɪsˈkʌvəɹi/ discoveries n
odkrycie
Something discovered.
odkrywanie odkrycie
(uncountable) The discovering of new things.

discredit /dɪsˈkɹed.ɪt/ /dɪsˈkɹɛd.ɪt/ discredits n
dyskredytacja
(countable, or, uncountable) Discrediting or disbelieving.
(uncountable) The state of being discredited or disbelieved.

discredit /dɪsˈkɹed.ɪt/ /dɪsˈkɹɛd.ɪt/ v
dyskredytować zdyskredytować
(transitive) To harm the good reputation of a person; to cause an idea or piece of evidence to seem false or unreliable.

discreditation discreditations n
dyskredytacja
The act or process of discrediting or of being discredited

discreet /dɪˈskɹiːt/ discreeter discreetest more discreet most discreet adj
dyskretny
Respectful of privacy or secrecy; exercising caution in order to avoid causing embarrassment; quiet; diplomatic.
Not drawing attention, anger or challenge; inconspicuous.

discreetly more discreetly most discreetly adv
dyskretnie
Acting in a discreet manner; acting in a way that respects privacy or secrecy; quietly
inconspicuously

discrepancy /dɪsˈkɹɛpənsi/ discrepancies n
rozbieżność
An inconsistency between facts or sentiments.
The state or quality of being discrepant.

discretion /dɪˈskɹɛʃən/ discretions n
dyskrecja
The quality of being discreet.

discretization discretizations n
dyskretyzacja
(mathematics, computing, cognitive science) The act of discretizing, or dividing a continuous object or spectrum into a finite number of discrete elements

discretize v
zdyskretyzować
(transitive, mathematics, computing) To convert (a continuous space) into an equivalent discrete space, often for the purposes of easier calculation.

discriminant discriminants n
wyróżnik
(geometry) The invariant (on the vector space of forms of degree d in n variables) that vanishes exactly when the corresponding hypersurface in Pn-1 is singular.

discriminate /dɪˈskɹɪm.əˌneɪt/ /dɪˈskɹɪm.əˌnæɪt/ /dɪˈskɹɪm.ɪ.neɪt/ /dɪˈskɹɪm.ɪ.nət/ v
dyskryminować
(intransitive, construed with against) To make decisions based on prejudice.

discrimination /dɪskɹɪmɪˈneɪʃən/ discriminations n
rozróżnienie dyskryminacja
(uncountable, countable) Discernment, the act of discriminating, discerning, distinguishing, noting or perceiving differences between things, with the intent to understand rightly and make correct decisions. [from early 17th c.]
dyskryminacja
(uncountable, countable, sometimes, with, "against") Differential treatment of an individual or group to their disadvantage; treatment or consideration based on class or category rather than individual merit; partiality; prejudice; bigotry. [from early 19th c.]

discriminatory /dɪsˈkɹɪmɪnət(ə)ɹɪ/ /dɪsˈkɹɪmɪnəˌtɔɹi/ /dɪˌskɹɪmɪˈneɪt(ə)rɪ/ more discriminatory most discriminatory adj
dyskryminacyjny
Of or pertaining to discrimination (in all senses).

discus /ˈdɪs.kəs/ discuses n
dysk
A round plate-like object that is thrown for sport.

discus throw n
rzut dyskiem
(athletics) An athletic throwing event where the object to be thrown is a heavy lenticular disc called discus.

discus thrower discus throwers n
dyskobol dyskobolka
(athletics) An athlete who takes part in the discus throw.

discuss /dɪˈskas/ /dɪˈskʊs/ /dɪˈskʌs/ v
dyskutować omawiać omówić
(transitive) To converse or debate concerning a particular topic.

discussion /dɪsˈkʊʃən/ /dɪˈskʌʃən/ discussions n
dyskusja
Conversation or debate concerning a particular topic.
Text giving further detail on a subject.

disdain /dɪsˈdeɪn/ /dɪˈsteɪn/ n
pogarda
(uncountable) A feeling of contempt or scorn.

disdain /dɪsˈdeɪn/ /dɪˈsteɪn/ v
gardzić
(transitive) To regard (someone or something) with strong contempt.

disdainful /dɪsˈdeɪn.fəl/ more disdainful most disdainful adj
pogardliwy
Showing contempt or scorn; having a pronounced lack of concern for others viewed as unworthy.

disease /dəˈziz/ /dɪˈziz/ /dɪˈziːz/ diseases n
choroba
(medicine) An abnormal condition of a human, animal or plant that causes discomfort or dysfunction; distinct from injury insofar as the latter is usually instantaneously acquired.

disembark /ˌdɪs.ɪmˈbɑɹk/ /ˌdɪs.ɪmˈbɑːk/ v
opuścić pokład
(transitive) To remove from on board a vessel; to put on shore
wysiadać wysiąść
(intransitive) To go ashore out of a ship or boat; to leave a train or aircraft.

disembodied /dɪsɪmˈbɒdiːd/ more disembodied most disembodied adj
asomatyczny bezcielesny
Having no material body, immaterial; incorporeal or insubstantial.

disenchant /ˌdɪsɪnˈtʃænt/ /ˌdɪsɪnˈtʃɑːnt/ /ˌdɪsɪnˈt͡ʃænt/ v
odczarować odczarowywać
(transitive, of a person) To free from illusion, false belief or enchantment; to undeceive or disillusion.
(transitive, of a thing) To remove a spell or magic enchantment from.
rozczarować rozczarowywać
(transitive, of a person) To disappoint.

disentangle [ˌdɪsɪnˈtæŋɡəɫ] v
odplatać odpleść
(transitive) To free something from entanglement; to extricate or unknot.

disequilibrium disequilibria disequilibriums n
nierównowaga brak równowagi
The loss of equilibrium or stability, especially due to an imbalance of forces.

disfigure /dɪsˈfɪɡjɚ/ /dɪsˈfɪɡə/ v
oszpecać oszpecić zniekształcać zniekształcić
to change the appearance of something/someone to the negative.

disgrace /dɪsˈɡɹeɪs/ /dɪzˈɡɹeɪs/ disgraces n
hańba sromota
The condition of being out of favor; loss of favor, regard, or respect.

disgrace /dɪsˈɡɹeɪs/ /dɪzˈɡɹeɪs/ v
kompromitować skompromitować
(transitive) To put someone out of favor; to bring shame or ignominy upon.

disguise /dɪsˈɡaɪz/ /dɪzˈɡaɪz/ /dɪˈskaɪz/ disguises n
przebranie kamuflaż
Material (such as clothing, makeup, a wig) used to alter one’s visual appearance in order to hide one's identity or assume another.
kamuflaż
(figuratively) The appearance of something on the outside which masks what’s beneath.
kamuflaż kamuflowanie
The act or state of disguising, notably as a ploy.

disgust /dɪsˈɡʌst/ /dɪzˈɡʌst/ /dɪˈskʌst/ n
odraza wstręt
An intense dislike or loathing someone feels for something bad or nasty.

disgust /dɪsˈɡʌst/ /dɪzˈɡʌst/ /dɪˈskʌst/ v
brzydzić
To cause an intense dislike for something.

disgusting /dɪsˈkʌstɪŋ/ /dɪsˈɡʊstɪŋ/ /dɪsˈɡʌstɪŋ/ /dɪˈskʊstɪŋ/ disgustinger disgustingest more disgusting most disgusting adj
obrzydliwy obmierzły wstrętny
Causing disgust; repulsive; distasteful.

disgustingly more disgustingly most disgustingly adv
obrzydliwie ohydnie wstrętnie
In a disgusting manner.

dish /dɪʃ/ dishes n
danie półmisek talerz naczynie potrawa
A vessel such as a plate for holding or serving food, often flat with a depressed region in the middle.
danie potrawa
The contents of such a vessel.
(metonym) A specific type of prepared food.
gary naczynie
(in the plural) Tableware (including cutlery, etc, as well as crockery) that is to be or is being washed after being used to prepare, serve and eat a meal.
antena satelitarna talerz
(telecommunication) A type of antenna with a similar shape to a plate or bowl.

dish pit dish pits n
zmywalnia
The dishwashing area in a restaurant.

dish rack dish racks n
suszarka do naczyń
A perforated rack on which washed dishes, etc. may be placed in order to dry.

disharmony /dɪsˈhɑrməni/ /dɪsˈhɑːməni/ disharmonies n
dysharmonia
The absence of harmony or concordance.

dishcloth dishcloths n
ręcznik kuchenny ścierka do naczyń ścierka kuchenna
A cloth used to dry dishes.

disheartening more disheartening most disheartening adj
przygnębiający zniechęcający

disher dishers n
gałkownica
A type of scoop with a lever that helps the user dig through hard substances such as ice cream.

dishevelled /dɪsˈʃɛvəld/ /dɪˈʃɛvəld/ more dishevelled most dishevelled adj
rozchełstany rozczochrany
(by extension) Disorderly or untidy in appearance.

dishonest /dɪzˈɒnɛst/ /dɪzˈɒnɪst/ /dɪˈsɑnɪst/ /dɪˈsɒnɪst/ more dishonest most dishonest adj
nieuczciwy
Not honest.

dishonestly more dishonestly most dishonestly adv
nieszczerze
In a dishonest manner.

dishonesty /dɪsˈɒnɪ.sti/ dishonesties n
brak szczerości nieszczerość nieuczciwość
(uncountable) The characteristic or condition of being dishonest.
nieuczciwość
(countable) An act which is fraudulent or otherwise dishonest.

dishonorable discharge dishonorable discharges n
wydalony z wojska

dishonour /dɪsˈɒnə(ɹ)/ /dɪzˈɒnəɹ/ dishonours n
dyshonor hańba niehonor
Shame or disgrace.

dishware dishwares n
serwis stołowy zastawa stołowa
crockery used for serving or cooking food

dishwasher /ˈdɪʃˌwɑʃɚ/ /ˈdɪʃˌwɒʃə/ /ˈdɪʃˌwɔʃɚ/ dishwashers n
zmywarka zmywarka do naczyń pomywacz pomywaczka
A machine for washing dishes.
pomywacz pomywaczka
Someone who washes dishes, especially one hired to wash dishes in a restaurant.
(UK, dialect, Wiltshire) A European bird, the wagtail.
(AU) A bird, the restless flycatcher (Myiagra inquieta).

disillusionment /dɪsɪˈljuʒənmənt/ /dɪsɪˈluʒənmənt/ disillusionments n
rozczarowanie
A feeling of disappointment, akin to depression, arising from the realization that something is not what it was expected or believed to be, possibly accompanied by philosophical angst from having one's beliefs challenged.

disincentive /ˌdɪsɪnˈsɛntɪv/ disincentives n
antybodziec
That which discourages a particular behaviour; a deterrent.

disinfect /dɪs.ɪnˈfɛkt/ v
dezynfekować odkażać
To sterilize by the use of cleaning agent.

disinfection /dɪsɪnˈfɛkʃən/ disinfections n
dezynfekcja
Treatment with disinfectant materials in order to destroy harmful microorganisms

disinformation /dɪsˌɪnfɚˈmeɪʃən/ /ˌdɪsɪnfəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/ v
dezinformacja
(transitive) To use disinformation.

disingenuous /ˌdɪs.ɪnˈd͡ʒɛn.ju.əs/ more disingenuous most disingenuous adj
niehonorowy
Not honourable; unworthy of honour.

disinherit /ˌdɪsɪnˈhɛɹɪt/ v
wydziedziczać wydziedziczyć
(transitive) To exclude from inheritance; to disown.

disinheritance disinheritances n
wydziedziczenie
The act of disinheriting

disinsectization n
dezynsekcja

disintegrate /dɪsˈɪntɪɡɹeɪt/ v
rozpadać się rozpaść się
(intransitive) To fall apart, break up into parts.

disintegration /dɪs.ɪn.tɪˈɡɹeɪ.ʃən/ /dɪsˌɪɾ̃.əˈɡɹeɪ.ʃən/ [dɪsˌɪn.əˈɡɹeɪ.ʃən] disintegrations n
dezintegracja
A process by which anything disintegrates.
(geology) The wearing away or falling to pieces of rocks or strata, produced by atmospheric action, frost, ice, etc.

disinterest /dɪsˈɪntɹɛst/ n
brak zainteresowania

disinterestedness n
bezinteresowność
The state or quality of being disinterested.

disintermediation disintermediations n
dezintermediacja

disjunction /dɪsˈdʒʊŋk(t)ʃən/ /dɪsˈdʒʌŋk(t)ʃən/ disjunctions n
alternatywa
(logic) The proposition resulting from the combination of two or more propositions using the or operator.

disjunctive /dɪsˈdʒʊŋktɪv/ /dɪsˈdʒʌŋktɪv/ /dɪsˈd͡ʒʌŋktɪv/ more disjunctive most disjunctive adj
alternatywny
(logic) Of or related to a disjunction.

disjunctive normal form n
alternatywna postać normalna
(logic) The form of a boolean formula that the formula has if the formula is a disjunction of conjunctions of literals, such as “(A and B and C) or (D and E and not F)”.

disk /dɪsk/ disks n
dysk
A thin, flat, circular plate or similar object.
płyta płyta gramofonowa płyta winylowa winyl
(dated) A vinyl phonograph/gramophone record.
dysk twardy
(computer hardware) Ellipsis of floppy disk - removable magnetic medium or a hard disk - fixed, persistent digital storage.
(computer hardware, nonstandard) A disc - either a CD-ROM, an audio CD, a DVD or similar removable storage medium.

dislike /dɪsˈlaɪk/ /ˈdɪslaɪk/ v
nie lubić
(transitive) To have a feeling of aversion or antipathy towards; not to like. [from 16th c.]

dislocate /dɪsləʊˈkeɪt/ /dɪsˈloʊkeɪt/ v
zwichnąć
(medicine) To (accidentally) dislodge a skeletal bone from its joint.

disloyal [dɪsˈlɔɪ(j)əɫ] more disloyal most disloyal adj
nielojalny
Not loyal, without loyalty.

disloyalty /dɪsˈlɔɪ.(j)əɫ.ti/ disloyalties n
nielojalność brak lojalności
(uncountable) The quality of being disloyal.

dismantle /dɪsˈmæntəl/ [dɪsˈmæntʰəɫ] [dɪsˈmænʔəɫ] [dɪsˈmæ̃nɫ̩] [dɪsˈmæ̃nɾɫ̩] v
rozmontować rozbierać rozebrać rozkładać rozłożyć
(transitive) To take apart; to disassemble; to take to pieces.

dismay /dɪsˈmeɪ/ n
przerażenie
A sudden or complete loss of courage and firmness in the face of trouble or danger; overwhelming and disabling terror; a sinking of the spirits

dismember /ˌdɪsˈmɛmbə(ɹ)/ v
rozczłonkować rozczłonkowywać
(transitive) To remove the limbs of.
ćwiartować
(transitive) To cut or otherwise divide something into pieces.

dismissal [dɪsˈmɪsəɫ] [dɪzˈmɪsəɫ] dismissals n
zwolnienie dymisja
Deprivation of office; the fact or process of being fired from employment or stripped of rank.

dismount /dɪsˈmaʊnt/ v
zsadzać zsadzić zsiadać zsiąść
(ambitransitive) To (cause to) get off (something).

disobedience /dɪs.əˈbiː.dɪəns/ disobediences n
nieposłuszeństwo
Refusal to obey.

disobedient /dɪs.əˈbiː.dɪənt/ more disobedient most disobedient adj
nieposłuszny
Not obedient.

disobey /ˌdɪs.oʊ.ˈbeɪ/ /ˌdɪs.əˈbeɪ/ v
nie słuchać
(transitive) To refuse or (intentionally) fail to obey an order of (somebody).

disorder /dɪsˈɔːdə(ɹ)/ /dɪsˈɔːɹdɚ/ /dɪzˈɔːɹdəɹ/ disorders n
nieporządek bezład nieład
Absence of order; state of not being arranged in an orderly manner.
anarchia bezład chaos dezorganizacja
A disturbance of civic peace or of public order.
zaburzenie
(medicine, countable) A physical or mental malfunction.

disordered /dɪsˈɔɹdɚd/ /dɪsˈɔːdəd/ more disordered most disordered adj
bezładny
Chaotic; without clear order; in a state of disorder.

disorderliness n
bezładność

disorderly /dɪsˈɔː.də.li/ more disorderly most disorderly adj
bezładny
Not in order; marked by disorder or disarray.

disorganise v
dezorganizować zdezorganizować
To make less organised; to reduce to chaos.

disorganization /dɪsˌɔː(ɹ).ɡənˌaɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ /dɪˌsoɹɡəˌnaɪˈzeɪʃən/ disorganizations n
dezorganizacja
The state of being disorganized

disorganized /dɪsˈɔːɡənaɪzd/ more disorganized most disorganized adj
niezorganizowany
Lacking order or organization; confused; chaotic.

disorganized schizophrenia n
hebefrenia schizofrenia zdezorganizowana
(pathology) A form of schizophrenia marked by disorganized behavior and speech as well as inappropriate emotional responses or affect.

disorient /dɪsˈɔːɹi.ənt/ v
dezorientować zdezorientować

disparity /dɪsˈpæɹɪti/ disparities n
nierównowaga nierówność rozbieżność rozrzut rozstrzał różnica
(uncountable) The state of being unequal; difference.

dispassionate /dɪsˈpæʃənət/ more dispassionate most dispassionate adj
beznamiętny bezstronny
not showing, and not affected by, emotion, bias, or prejudice

dispassionately more dispassionately most dispassionately adv
beznamiętnie
In a dispassionate manner.

dispassionateness n
beznamiętność

dispel [dɪˈspɛɫ] v
rozwiewać
(transitive) To drive away or cause to vanish by scattering.

dispensation /dɪsˌpɛnˈseɪʃən/ dispensations n
dyspensa
The act of dispensing or dealing out; distribution
The relaxation of a law in a particular case; permission to do something forbidden, or to omit doing something enjoined; exemption.

dispenser /dɪˈspɛnsə/ dispensers n
dozownik
An object used to dispense other items.

disperse /dɪˈspɜːs/ /dɪˈspɝs/ v
rozproszyć
(physics, transitive, intransitive) To separate rays of light, etc., according to wavelength; to refract.

displacement /dɪsˈpleɪsmɪnt/ /dɪzˈpleɪsmənt/ displacements n
przemieszczenie
(physics) A vector quantity which denotes distance with a directional component.

display /dɪsˈpleɪ/ /ˈdɪspleɪ/ displays n
wyświetlacz
(computing) An electronic screen that shows graphics or text.

display /dɪsˈpleɪ/ /ˈdɪspleɪ/ v
wyświetlać
(transitive) To show conspicuously; to exhibit; to demonstrate; to manifest.

display window display windows n
witryna wystawa
A large window at the front of a shop, behind which items for sale are displayed.

displeased /dɪsˈpliːzd/ more displeased most displeased adj
niezadowolony
Not pleased or happy with something.

disposable /dɪsˈpoʊzəbl̩/ /dɪsˈpəʊzəbl̩/ disposables n
jednorazowy jednorazówka
Any object that is designed to be disposed of rather than refilled or repaired.

dispose /dɪsˈpoʊz/ /dɪˈspəʊz/ v
pozbyć się czegoś
(intransitive, used with "of") To eliminate or to get rid of something.

disproportion /dɪspɹəˈpɔːʃən/ disproportions n
dysproporcja
The state of being out of proportion; an abnormal or improper ratio; an imbalance.

disproportionate /dɪs.pɹəˈpɔːʃən.eɪt/ /dɪs.pɹəˈpɔːʃən.ət/ /ˈdɪs.pɹəˌpɔɹ.ʃən.eɪt/ /ˈdɪs.pɹəˌpɔɹ.ʃən.ət/ more disproportionate most disproportionate adj
nieproporcjonalny niewspółmierny
Not proportionate.
Out of proportion.

disqualification /dɪsˌkwɑːləfɪˈkeɪʃn/ /dɪsˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ disqualifications n
dyskwalifikacja
The act of disqualifying, or the state of being disqualified

disqualify /dɪsˈkwɒlɪfaɪ/ v
dyskwalifikować
(transitive) To make ineligible for something.

disquisition /ˌdɪskwəˈzɪʃən/ /ˌdɪskwɪˈzɪʃ(ə)n/ disquisitions n
dysertacja rozprawa wywód
A lengthy, formal discourse that analyses or explains some topic; (loosely) a dissertation or treatise.

disregard /dɪsɹɪˈɡɑɹd/ /dɪsɹɪˈɡɑːd/ v
lekceważyć
(transitive) To ignore; pay no attention to.

disrepair /ˌdɪs.ɹɪˈpɛə(ɹ)/ /ˌdɪs.ɹɪˈpɛɚ/ disrepairs n
zapaść
The state of being in poor condition, in need of repair.

disrespect /dɪsɹɪˈspɛkt/ disrespects n
brak szacunku nieposzanowanie
A lack of respect, esteem or courteous behaviour.

disrespectful [dɪsɹɪˈspɛktfəɫ] more disrespectful most disrespectful adj
lekceważący
Lacking respect.

disrespectfully more disrespectfully most disrespectfully adv
lekceważąco
In a disrespectful manner; with a lack of respect.

disrobe /dɪsˈɹoʊb/ /dɪsˈɹəʊb/ v
rozbierać rozebrać
(transitive) To undress someone or something.
(intransitive) To undress oneself.

disrupt /dɪsˈɹʌpt/ /dɪzˈɹʊpt/ /dɪzˈɹʌpt/ v
zaburzać zaburzyć
(transitive) To interrupt or impede.

disruption /dɪsˈɹʌpʃən/ /dɪzˈɹʊpʃən/ /dɪzˈɹʌpʃən/ disruptions n
zakłócenie
An interruption to the regular flow or sequence of something.

disruptive /dɪsˈɹʌptɪv/ /dɪzˈɹʊptɪv/ /dɪzˈɹʌptɪv/ more disruptive most disruptive adj
rozpraszający zakłócający spokój
Causing disruption or unrest.

diss /dɪs/ disses n
diss pocisk pojazd
(slang) An insult or put-down; an expression of disrespect.

diss /dɪs/ v
dissować zdissować jechać pociskać pocisnąć pojechać
(slang) To put (someone) down, or show disrespect by the use of insulting language or dismissive behaviour.

dissatisfied /dɪsˈsætɪsˌfaɪd/ more dissatisfied most dissatisfied adj
niezadowolony
Feeling or displaying disappointment or a lack of contentment.

dissect /daɪˈsɛkt/ /dɪˈsɛkt/ v
przeprowadzić sekcję
(transitive) To study an animal's anatomy by cutting it apart; to perform a necropsy or an autopsy.

dissemble [dɪˈsɛmbəɫ] v
maskować symulować ukrywać
(transitive) To disguise or conceal something.
ignorować udawać
(transitive) To deliberately ignore something; to pretend not to notice.
ukrywać
(intransitive) To falsely hide one's opinions or feelings.

disseminate /dɪˈsɛmɪˌneɪt/ v
rozpowszechniać rozpowszechnić rozprzestrzeniać rozprzestrzenić rozsiać rozsiewać
(transitive) To sow and scatter principles, ideas, opinions, etc, or concrete things, for growth and propagation, like seeds.
rozprzestrzeniać się szerzyć się
(intransitive) To become widespread.

dissent /dəˈsɛnt/ /dɪˈsɛnt/ v
nie zgadzać się nie zgodzić się
(intransitive) To disagree; to withhold assent. Construed with from (or, formerly, to).

dissenter dissenters n
dysydent
Someone who dissents (disagrees), especially from an established church.

dissertation /ˌdɪsəˈteɪʃən/ /ˌdɪsɚˈteɪʃən/ dissertations n
dysertacja doktorat
A formal exposition of a subject, especially a research paper that students write in order to complete the requirements for a doctoral degree in the US and a non-doctoral degree in the UK; a thesis.

disservice /dɪ(s)ˈsɜːvɪs/ /dɪ(s)ˈsɝvɪs/ disservices n
niedźwiedzia przysługa
Service that results in harm; an (intentionally or unintentionally) unhelpful, harmful action.

dissident /ˈdɪsɪdənt/ dissidents n
dysydent dysydentka
A person who formally opposes the current political structure, the political group in power, the policies of the political group in power, or current laws.

dissimilation /ˌdɪsɪmɪˈleɪʃən/ dissimilations n
dysymilacja
(phonology) A phenomenon whereby similar consonant or vowel sounds in a word become less similar, resulting in a form that is easier for the listener to perceive.

dissociate /dɪˈsoʊ.si.eɪt/ /dɪˈsoʊ.ʃi.eɪt/ /dɪˈsəʊ.si.eɪt/ /dɪˈsəʊ.ʃi.eɪt/ v
odciąć rozdzielić
(transitive) To make unrelated; to sever a connection; to separate.

dissociation /dɪˌsoʊsiˈeɪʃən/ /dɪˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən/ /dɪˌsəʊʃiˈeɪʃən/ dissociations n
rozkład
The act of dissociating or disuniting; a state of separation; disunion.
dysocjacja
(psychology) A defence mechanism where certain thoughts or mental processes are compartmentalised in order to avoid emotional stress to the conscious mind.

dissociative identity disorder dissociative identity disorders n
rozdwojenie jaźni
(psychiatry) A mental disorder characterized by the presence of two or more personality states or distinct identities that repeatedly take control of a person's behavior.

dissolution /ˌdɪsəˈl(j)uːʃən/ /ˌdɪsəˈluʃən/ dissolutions n
rozwiązanie
The termination of an organized body or legislative assembly, especially a formal dismissal.

dissolve /dɪˈzɑlv/ /dɪˈzɒlv/ v
rozpuścić rozpuszczać rozwiązywać rozwiązać
(transitive) To terminate a union of multiple members actively, as by disbanding.
rozpuszczać rozpuścić
(chemistry, transitive) To disintegrate chemically into a solution by immersion into a liquid or gas.

dissonance /ˈdɪsənəns/ /ˈdɪsənɪns/ dissonances n
dysonans
A harsh, discordant combination of sounds.
dysharmonia
(music) Conflicting notes that are not overtones of the note or chord sounding.

dissuade /dɪˈsweɪd/ v
odwodzić odradzać odradzić odwieść
(transitive) To convince not to try or do.

distaff /ˈdɪstæf/ /ˈdɪstɑːf/ distaffs distaves n
przęślica
A device to which a bundle of natural fibres (often wool, flax, or cotton) are attached for temporary storage, before being drawn off gradually to spin thread. A traditional distaff is a staff with flax fibres tied loosely to it (as indicated by the etymology of the word), but modern distaffs are often made of cords weighted with beads, and attached to the wrist.
The part of a spinning wheel from which fibre is drawn to be spun.
kobieca praca kobieca robota
Anything traditionally done by or considered of importance to women only.

distaff side distaff sides n
po kądzieli
The female or maternal branch of a family.

distal /ˈdɪs.təl/ more distal most distal adj
dalszy
(anatomy, geology) Remote from the point of attachment or origin.

distance /ˈdɪs.təns/ /ˈdɪs.tɪns/ distances n
odległość dystans droga
The amount of space between two points, usually geographical points, usually (but not necessarily) measured along a straight line.

distance /ˈdɪs.təns/ /ˈdɪs.tɪns/ v
dystansować się oddalać się oddalić się zdystansować się
(transitive, also reflexive) To move away (from) someone or something.

distance learning n
edukacja na odległość nauczanie na odległość
Education obtained remotely, often involving written material together with audio-visual material transmitted via the internet and, sometimes, summer schools and local tutorials.

distant /ˈdɪstənt/ more distant most distant adj
odległy daleki
Far off (physically, logically or mentally).

distasteful /dɪsˈteɪstfəɫ/ more distasteful most distasteful adj
niesmaczny
Having a bad or foul taste.
niesmaczny przykry
(figuratively) Unpleasant.

distend /dɪˈstɛnd/ v
rozdymać się rozdąć się
(intransitive) To extend or expand, as from internal pressure; to swell
rozdymać rozdąć
(transitive) To cause to swell.

distich /ˈdɪstɪk/ distichs n
dwuwiersz dystych
(prosody) A couplet, a two-line stanza making complete sense.

distillation /dɪstɪˈleɪʃən/ /dɪstɪˈlæɪʃən/ /ˌdɪstɪˈleɪʃən/ distillations n
destylacja
(chemistry, chemical engineering) The separation of more volatile parts of a substance from less volatile ones by evaporation and condensation.

distilled water distilled waters n
woda destylowana
Water that has been purified by distillation.

distiller distillers n
gorzelnik
A person who distills, especially alcoholic spirits or hard liquor by a process of distillation; a person who owns, works in or operates a distillery.

distillery /dɪˈstɪləɹi/ distilleries n
gorzelnia
A place where distillation takes place, especially the distillation of alcoholic spirits.

distinction /dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/ distinctions n
różnica
That which distinguishes; a single occurrence of a determining factor or feature, the fact of being divided; separation, discrimination.
wyróżnienie odznaczenie
Specifically, a feature that causes someone or something to stand out as being better; a mark of honour, rank, eminence or excellence; being distinguished.

distinctive /dɪˈstɪŋktɪv/ more distinctive most distinctive adj
odróżniający wyróżniający
Distinguishing, used to or enabling the distinguishing of some thing.
charakterystyczny
Characteristic, typical.

distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/ v
rozróżniać rozróżnić
To recognize someone or something as different from others based on its characteristics.

distinguished /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃt/ more distinguished most distinguished adj
wybitny
celebrated, well-known or eminent because of past achievements; prestigious
dystyngowany
Having a dignified appearance or demeanor
wyróżniony
(mathematics) Specified, noted.

distinguishedness n
dystynkcja

distinguishing more distinguishing most distinguishing adj
odróżniający wyróżniający
That serves to distinguish.

distort /dɪˈstɔɹt/ /dɪˈstɔːt/ v
przesterować przesterowywać zniekształcać zniekształcić
(transitive) To bring something out of shape, to misshape.
wypaczać
(transitive) To give a false or misleading account of

distorting mirror distorting mirrors n
krzywe zwierciadło
(entertainment) A curved mirror, often using convex and concave sections to achieve a distorted effect, as:

distortion /dɪsˈtɔːʃən/ distortions n
zniekształcenie
A result of distorting.
dystorsja
(optics) An aberration that causes magnification to change over the field of view.

distract /dɪsˈtɹækt/ v
rozpraszać rozproszyć
(transitive) To divert the attention of.

distrain /dɪˈstɹeɪn/ v
anektować zaanektować
(legal, transitive, obsolete) To force (someone) to do something by seizing their property.

distraint distraints n
zajęcie
(legal) The legal right of a landlord to seize the property of a tenant in the event of nonpayment of rent.

distress /dɪˈstɹɛs/ distresses n
niebezpieczeństwo zagrożenie
Serious danger.

distress signal distress signals n
wzywanie pomocy wzywanie ratunku
An emergency signal sent by radio (or other means) from a ship or aircraft in distress or danger.

distressing /dɪˈstɹɛsɪŋ/ more distressing most distressing adj
cierpki hiobowy niepokojący przygnębiający przykry
Causing distress; upsetting; distressful.

distributedness n
cehca tego, co jest rozproszone

distribution /ˌdɪstɹəˈbjuːʃən/ distributions n
dystrybucja
An act of distributing or state of being distributed.
(business, marketing) The process by which goods get to final consumers over a geographical market, including storing, selling, shipping and advertising.
Anything distributed; portion; share.
rozkład
(card games) The way in which a player's hand is divided in suits, or in which a particular suit is divided between the players.
rozkład dystrybucja
(mathematics, statistics) A probability distribution; the set of relative likelihoods that a variable will have a value in a given interval.
(mathematics, differential geometry) A subset of the tangent bundle of a manifold that satisfies certain properties; used to construct the notions of integrability and foliation of a manifold.

distribution board distribution boards n
rozdzielnica elektryczna
A board containing multiple electrical fuses or circuit breakers; a panelboard

distribution center distribution centers n
centrum dystrybucyjne

distribution channel distribution channels n
kanał dystrybucji
(business, marketing) the route by which goods or services are passed from producer to user

distributive /dɪsˈtɹɪbjʊtɪv/ more distributive most distributive adj
rozdzielny
(mathematics) A property of functions that have a rule describing how the function can be performed to the individual components of another operation.

distributor distributors n
dystrybutor dystrybutorka
One who or that which distributes.
(printing, historical) An appliance, such as a roller, in a printing press, for distributing ink.

district /ˈdɪstɹɪkt/ districts n
dzielnica dystrykt
An administrative division of an area.

distrust /dɪsˈtɹʊst/ /dɪsˈtɹʌst/ distrusts n
niedowierzanie
Lack of trust or confidence.

disturb /dɪˈstɜːb/ /dɪˈstɝb/ v
przeszkadzać niepokoić
(transitive) to confuse a quiet, constant state or a calm, continuous flow, in particular: thoughts, actions or liquids.
martwić niepokoić zaniepokoić zmartwić
(intransitive) to have a negative emotional impact; to cause emotional distress or confusion.

disturbing /dɪsˈtɜːbɪŋ/ more disturbing most disturbing adj
niepokojący
Causing distress or worry; upsetting or unsettling.

disturbingly more disturbingly most disturbingly adv
niepokojąco

disused /ˌdɪsˈjuːzd/ adj
nieużywany
No longer in use.

ditch /dɪt͡ʃ/ ditches n
rów
A trench; a long, shallow indentation, as for irrigation or drainage.

ditch day ditch days n
Święto Lasu
(US) A day on which a group of students, generally the senior class, leaves the campus and its responsibilities for a day.

dithyramb /ˈdɪθ.ɪ.ɹæm/ dithyrambs n
dytyramb
A raucous and ardent choral hymn sung in ancient Athens in honor of the god Dionysus.
A poem or oration in the same style.

ditransitive adj
dwuprzechodni
(grammar) Of a class of verbs which take both a direct and an indirect object. An example is 'give', which entails a giver (subject), a gift (direct object) and a receiver (indirect object).

ditransitive verb ditransitive verbs n
czasownik dwuprzechodni
(grammar) A verb that requires (in the unmarked form) both a direct object and an indirect object so as to be grammatical.

ditto /ˈdɪtoʊ/ /ˈdɪtəʊ/ [ˈdɪɾoʊ] dittoes dittos n
jak wyżej to samo
That which was stated before, the aforesaid, the above, the same, likewise.

diuresis /ˌdaɪjʊˈɹiːsɪs/ diureses n
diureza
(biology, medicine) Excessive production of urine; polyuria.

diuretic /daɪ(j)əˈɹɛtɪk/ more diuretic most diuretic adj
diuretyczny moczopędny
(medicine, pharmacology) Increasing the amount or frequency of urination.

diuretic /daɪ(j)əˈɹɛtɪk/ diuretics n
diuretyna
(medicine, pharmacology) A drug or a substance that increases the rate of urine excretion.

diurnal /daɪˈɜːnəl/ /daɪˈɝ.nəl/ more diurnal most diurnal adj
dzienny
Happening or occurring during daylight, or primarily active during that time.

diva /ˈdiːvə/ divas dive n
diwa
Any female celebrity, usually a well known singer or actress. [from the 19th c.]

divan /dɪˈvæn/ /ˈdaɪ.væn/ divans n
dywan
The council chamber where this court is held; (by extension), any court of justice.
tapczan
A couch- or sofa-like piece of furniture made of a mattress lying against the wall and either on the floor or an elevated structure.

dive /daɪv/ dives n
speluna spelunka dziura knajpa melina mordownia
(slang) A seedy bar, nightclub, etc.

dive /daɪv/ v
nurkować zanurkować
(intransitive) To swim under water.
nurkować zanurkować dawać nura dać nura
(intransitive) To jump into water head-first.
(intransitive, figuratively) To plunge or to go deeply into any subject, question, business, etc.; to penetrate; to explore.
nurkować zanurkować dawać nura dać nura zanurzać się zanurzyć się
(transitive) To cause to descend, dunk; to plunge something into water.

dive bar dive bars n
spelunka
A disreputable or unglamorous bar.

dive bomber dive bombers n
bombowiec nurkujący
(aviation, historical) A bomber aircraft that dives directly at its target in order to drop a bomb with greater accuracy.

diver /ˈdaɪ̯vəɹ/ divers n
nurek
Someone who dives, especially as a sport.

diverge /daɪˈvɜːd͡ʒ/ /daɪˈvɝd͡ʒ/ /dɑɪˈvɜːd͡ʒ/ /dɪˈvɜːd͡ʒ/ /dɪˈvɝd͡ʒ/ v
rozbiegać się rozchodzić się rozdzielać się
(intransitive, figuratively, of interests, opinions, or anything else) To become different; to run apart; to separate; to tend into different directions.
rozbiegać
(intransitive, mathematics, of a sequence, series, or function) Not to converge: to have no limit, or no finite limit.

divergence /daɪˈvɜː(ɹ)d͡ʒəns/ /dɪˈvɜː(ɹ)d͡ʒəns/ divergences n
odchylenie rozbieżność
The degree to which two or more things diverge.
dywergencja
(calculus) the operator which maps a function F=(F1, ... Fn) from a n-dimensional vector space to itself to the function \sum_{i=1}^n \frac{\partial F_i}{\partial x_i}

divergent /daɪˈvɜː.d͡ʒənt/ /daɪˈvɝ.d͡ʒənt/ /dɑɪˈvɜː.d͡ʒənt/ /dɪˈvɜː.d͡ʒənt/ /dɪˈvɝ.d͡ʒənt/ more divergent most divergent adj
rozbieżny
Growing further apart; diverging.
(mathematics) (said of a sequence or series) Diverging; not approaching a limit.

diverse /daɪ.ˈvɝs/ /daɪˈvɜːs/ /dɪ.ˈvɝs/ /ˈdaɪ.ˌvɝs/ more diverse most diverse adj
odmienny rozmaity
Consisting of many different elements; various.
różnorodny różny rozmaity różnoraki
Capable of various forms; multiform.

diversification /daɪˌvɜːsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ /daɪˌvɝsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ /dɪˌvɝsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ diversifications n
dywersyfikacja
The act, or the result, of diversifying.

diversify /daɪˈvɜː.sɪ.faɪ/ /daɪˈvɝ.sə.faɪ/ /dɪˈvɜː.sɪ.faɪ/ /dɪˈvɝ.sə.faɪ/ v
dywersyfikować różnicować urozmaicać urozmaicić zdywersyfikować zróżnicować
(transitive) To make (something) diverse or various in form or quality; to give variety to distinguish by numerous differences or aspects, as:

diversion /daɪˈvɜːʃən/ /daɪˈvɜːʒən/ /daɪˈvɝʒən/ /dɪˈvɝʒən/ diversions n
dywersja
(military) A tactic used to draw attention away from the real threat or action.
objazd
(transport) A detour, such as during road construction.
(transport) The rerouting of cargo or passengers to a new transshipment point or destination, or to a different mode of transportation before arrival at the ultimate destination.

diversity /daɪˈvɜː(ɹ)sɪti/ /dɪˈvɜː(ɹ)sɪti/ diversities n
różnorodność
The quality of being diverse or different; difference or unlikeness.

divertimento /dəˌvɝtəˈmɛntoʊ/ /dɪˌvɜːtɪˈmɛntəʊ/ divertimenti divertimentos n
divertimento
(music) composition that has several short movements, a style that composers started to use in the 18th century.

divide /dɪˈvaɪd/ v
dzielić podzielić
(transitive) To split or separate (something) into two or more parts.
(transitive) To share (something) by dividing it.
(transitive, arithmetic, with by) To calculate the number (the quotient) by which you must multiply one given number (the divisor) to produce a second given number (the dividend).
(intransitive) To separate into two or more parts.

divide and conquer v
dziel i rządź
To use a combination of political, military and economic strategies that aim to gain and maintain power by breaking up larger concentrations of power into chunks that individually have less power than the one implementing the strategy.

dividend /ˈdɪvɪdɛnd/ dividends n
dywidenda dzielna
(finance) A cash payment of money by a company to its shareholders, usually made periodically (e.g., quarterly or annually).
dzielna dywidenda
(arithmetic) A number or expression that is to be divided by another.

divider /dɪˈvaɪdə(ɹ)/ dividers n
przekładka
One who or that which divides or separates.

dividual /dɪˈvɪd͡ʒuəl/ adj
oddzielny
Separate, distinct.

divination /ˌdɪvɪˈneɪʃən/ divinations n
wróżba wróżenie
(uncountable) The act of divining; a foreseeing or foretelling of future events.

divine /dɪˈvaɪn/ more divine most divine adj
boski boży
Of or pertaining to a god.

divine service divine services n
nabożeństwo
(countable, Christianity) A service of public Christian worship.

diving /ˈdaɪ.vɪŋ/ divings n
skoki do wody nurkowanie
The sport of jumping into water, often acrobatically.
nurkowanie
Descending below the surface of the water to interact with the environment.

diving bell diving bells n
dzwon nurkowy keson
An airtight chamber, open at the bottom, that is lowered on a cable underwater to operate as a base or a means of transport for a diver or a small number of divers.

diving bell spider diving bell spiders n
topik wodnik
A spider, Argyroneta aquatica, living almost entirely underwater, using hairs on its abdomen and legs to trap air.

diving header diving headers n
strzał szczupakiem szczupak
(soccer) A ball struck near ground level by the head of a diving player.

diving petrel diving petrels n
nurzec
Any seabird of the family Pelecanoididae in the order Procellariiformes, resembling auks and native to the southern oceans.

diving platform diving platforms n
trampolina
structure used for competitive diving, consisting of a vertical rigid tower with one or more horizontal platforms extending out over a deep pool of water.

divinity /dɪˈvɪnɪti/ divinities n
boskość bóstwo
(uncountable) The state, position, or fact of being a god or God. [from 14th c.]

divisibility /dɪˈvɪzɪbɪlɪti/ divisibilities n
podzielność
(uncountable) The state of being divisible. The state capable of being divided.

divisible [dɪˈvɪzɪbəɫ] adj
podzielny
Capable of being divided or split.
(arithmetic) Of an integer, that, when divided by another integer, leaves no remainder.

division /dɪˈvɪʒən/ divisions n
podział dzielenie
(uncountable) The act or process of dividing anything.
dzielenie
(arithmetic) A calculation that involves this process.
(music) A florid instrumental variation of a melody in the 17th and 18th centuries, originally conceived as the dividing of each of a succession of long notes into several short ones.
dywizja
(military) A formation, usually made up of two or three brigades.
A usually high-level section of a large company or conglomerate.

division of labour n
podział pracy
(economics) The separation of work into different categories or tasks; each category or task being carried out by different groups of workers.

division ring division rings n
ciało nieprzemienne pierścień z dzieleniem
(algebra) A ring with 0 ≠ 1, such that every non-zero element a has a multiplicative inverse, meaning an element x with ax = xa = 1.

division sign division signs n
znak dzielenia
(mathematics) Any symbol (in particular ÷, / or : ) used to denote the operation of division.

divisive /dɪˈvaɪsɪv/ /dɪˈvɪsɪv/ /dɪˈvɪzɪv/ more divisive most divisive adj
dzielić rozdzielać
Having a quality that divides or separates.

divisor /dɪ.ˈvaɪ.zə(ɹ)/ /dɪ.ˈvaɪ.zɚ/ divisors n
dzielnik
(arithmetic) A number or expression that another is to be divided by.
An integer that divides another integer an integral number of times.

divorce /dɪˈvo(ː)ɹs/ /dɪˈvoəs/ /dɪˈvɔɹs/ /dɪˈvɔːs/ divorces n
rozwód
The legal dissolution of a marriage.
A separation of connected things.

divorce /dɪˈvo(ː)ɹs/ /dɪˈvoəs/ /dɪˈvɔɹs/ /dɪˈvɔːs/ v
rozwieść rozwodzić
(transitive) To end one's own marriage to (a person) in this way.

divorcee /-eɪ/ /dɪvɔɹˈsi/ /dɪvɔːˈsiː/ divorcees n
rozwodnik rozwódka
A divorced person.

divorcé /dɪvɔɹˈseɪ/ /dɪˈvɔːseɪ/ divorcés n
rozwiedziony rozwodnik
A divorced man.

divorcée /dɪvɔɹˈseɪ/ /dɪˈvɔːseɪ/ divorcées n
rozwiedziona rozwódka
A divorced woman.

divulgation /ˌdaɪvʌlˈɡeɪʃən/ divulgations n
wyjawienie
The disclosure or revelation of a secret.

divulge /daɪˈvʌld͡ʒ/ /dɪˈvʌld͡ʒ/ v
rozgłaszać ujawnić
(transitive) To make public or known; to communicate to the public; to tell (information, especially a secret) so that it may become generally known.

dizziness dizzinesses n
zawroty głowy
The state of being dizzy; the sensation of instability.

dizzy /ˈdɪzi/ dizzier dizziest adj
oszołomiony
Experiencing a sensation of whirling and of being giddy, unbalanced, or lightheaded.

do /du/ /duː/ /də/ /dʉː/ /dʊ/ /d͡ʒ/ v
robić zrobić czynić uczynić
(transitive) To perform; to execute.
czy
(transitive, chiefly in questions) To have as one's job.
bzykać przelecieć
(transitive, slang) To have sex with. (See also do it)

do I know you phraseologicalUnit
czy ja cię znam? czy ja pana znam? czy ja panią znam? czy my się znamy?
Used to ask the interlocutor whether or not he/she has met the speaker before.

do as I say and not as I do v
[[rób to, co mówię, a nie to, co robię]] [[róbcie, co mówię, a nie to, co robię]]

do in v
wykończyć
(transitive, colloquial) To kill or end.

do it yourself n
majsterkowanie
The practice of doing home improvements and maintenance oneself, rather than employing a professional.

do me a favour phraseologicalUnit
zrób mi przysługę
(literally) Used to ask someone for a favour (may be polite or sarcastic).

do more harm than good v
wyrządzać więcej szkody niż pożytku wyrządzić więcej szkody niż pożytku
To make a situation worse, usually while trying to make it better.

do not disturb phraseologicalUnit
nie przeszkadzać
Used to indicate that somebody does not wish to be disturbed, e.g. a sign on a hotel room door, or a "busy" mode of an instant messenger.

do one's bit v
robić swoje zrobić swoje
(informal) To make an individual contribution toward an overall effort.

do one's business v
załatwiać się załatwić się

do one's own thing v
chodzić własnymi drogami
(idiomatic, possibly, somewhat, dated, informal) To do what one considers to be best suited or most satisfying for oneself; to do what expresses one's distinctive interests or talents; to do as one chooses.

do the dishes v
zmywać
(intransitive) to wash up dirty crockery (plates and dishes) and cutlery (knives, forks, and spoons)

do the impossible v
dokonywać niemożliwego

do the laundry v
robić pranie
To wash the laundry.

do the right thing v
postąpić słusznie postąpić właściwie postępować słusznie postępować właściwie
(set phrase) To do what is ethical or just.

do the trick v
działać robić swoje zadziałać załatwiać sprawę załatwić sprawę zrobić swoje
(informal) To work; to be successful; to solve a problem; to be sufficient or adequate to fulfill a purpose.

do time v
siedzieć
(colloquial) To spend time in prison (as a prisoner).

do without v
obywać się bez obyć się bez
(mostly, transitive) To manage despite the lack of.

do you accept American dollars phraseologicalUnit
czy mogę płacić amerykańskimi dolarami?
Used to ask whether or not products or services may be paid for in American dollars.

do you accept credit cards phraseologicalUnit
czy akceptujecie karty kredytowe?
Used to ask whether or not products or services may be paid for by credit card.

do you believe in God phraseologicalUnit
Wierzy pan w Boga? Wierzy pani w Boga? Wierzycie panie w Boga? Wierzycie panowie w Boga? Wierzycie państwo w Boga? Wierzycie w Boga?
Used to ask whether the interlocutor believes in God.

do you come here often phraseologicalUnit
czy często tu przychodzisz? znamy się?
A common phrase for initiating conversation with a stranger, especially one for seeking romantic involvement.

do you have Wi-Fi phraseologicalUnit
czy państwo mają wifi?
Asks if there is any available Wi-Fi connection.

do you have a boyfriend phraseologicalUnit
masz chłopaka?
Used to ask whether the interlocutor has a boyfriend.

do you have a girlfriend phraseologicalUnit
masz dziewczynę?
Used to ask whether the interlocutor has a girlfriend.

do you have a menu in English phraseologicalUnit
czy państwo mają menu w angielskim?
A question used to ask for a restaurant menu in the English language

do you have any pets phraseologicalUnit
czy masz jakieś zwierzęta domowe?
Used to ask whether the interlocutor is an owner of pets.

do you know phraseologicalUnit
czy Pan wie czy Pani wie czy Państwo wiedzą czy wiecie? czy wiesz czy znasz?
(This entry is a translation hub.)

do you love me phraseologicalUnit
kochasz mnie?
do you love me?

do you need help phraseologicalUnit
czy potrzebuje Pan pomocy? czy potrzebuje Pani pomocy? czy potrzebujesz pomocy?
Asks the interlocutor if they require assistance.

do you need to use the bathroom phraseologicalUnit
czy musisz korzystać z łazienki?
(chiefly, US, South Africa, Canada, euphemism, interrogative) Used to ask if one's interlocutor needs to urinate or defecate.

do you speak English phraseologicalUnit
czy mówisz po angielsku? mówi pan po polsku? mówi pani po polsku? mówicie po polsku? mówisz po polsku? mówią państwo po polsku?
Asks the interlocutor whether or not they are able to speak in the English language.

do you think you can walk phraseologicalUnit
czy myśli pan, że może chodzić? czy myśli pani, że może chodzić? czy myśli panna, że może chodzić? czy myślisz, że możesz chodzić?
Asked to find out whether an ill or wounded person is able to walk or needs to sit down or lie down.

do-gooder do-gooders n
dobroczyńca
(derogatory) One who advocates a certain course of action, often of political or social concern, with the naive conviction of their own moral superiority.

dobbin /ˈdɒbɪn/ dobbins n
chabeta szkapa
An old jaded horse.

dobra /ˈdɒbɹə/ /ˈdəʊbɹə/ dobras n
dobra
The official or principal currency of São Tomé and Príncipe, divided into 100 cêntimos.

docile /ˈdɑ.saɪl/ /ˈdɑ.səl/ /ˈdəʊ.saɪl/ more docile most docile adj
pojętny
Ready to accept instruction or direction; obedient; subservient.
potulny uległy
Yielding to control or supervision, direction, or management.

dock /dɑk/ /dɒk/ docks n
szczaw
Any of the genus Rumex of coarse weedy plants with small green flowers related to buckwheat, especially bitter dock (Rumex obtusifolius), and used as potherbs and in folk medicine, especially in curing nettle rash.
dok
(nautical) A fixed structure attached to shore to which a vessel is secured when in port.
The body of water between two piers.
ława oskarżonych
(law) Part of a courtroom where the accused sits.
łopian
A burdock plant, or the leaves of that plant.

docket /ˈdɒkɪt/ dockets n
wokanda
(legal) A schedule of cases awaiting action in a court.

docking dockings n
dokowanie
(astronautics) The process of connecting one spacecraft to another.

dockworker dockworkers n
doker portowiec
A person who works on the dock of a harbor or shipyard, usually employed to load or unload freight.

doctor /ˈdɑktɚ/ /ˈdɒktə/ /ˈdɔktə/ doctors n
doktor
A person who has attained a doctorate, such as a Ph.D. or Th.D. or one of many other terminal degrees conferred by a college or university.

doctor /ˈdɑktɚ/ /ˈdɒktə/ /ˈdɔktə/ v
fabrykować falsyfikować fałszować
(transitive) To physically alter (medically or surgically) a living being in order to change growth or behavior.
(transitive) To alter or make obscure, as with the intention to deceive, especially a document.

doctor blade doctor blades n
rakiel rakla
(printing) A metal blade used in printing for scraping off excess ink or toner from the printing roll.

doctor's office doctors’ offices n
gabinet lekarski
A clinic where one or more doctors receives patients for their medical care.

doctorand doctorands n
doktorant doktorantka
A postgraduate aiming to receive a doctorate; a Ph.D. student.

doctorate /ˈdɑk.tɚ.eɪt/ /ˈdɑk.tɚ.ət/ /ˈdɒk.tə.ɹeɪt/ /ˈdɒk.tə.ɹɪt/ doctorates n
doktorat
The highest degree awarded by a university faculty.

doctrinaire doctrinaires n
doktryner doktrynerka
A person who stubbornly holds to a philosophy or opinion regardless of its feasibility.

doctrinal /dɑkˈtɹaɪnəl/ /dɒkˈtɹaɪnəl/ /ˈdɑktɹɪnəl/ /ˈdɒktɹɪnəl/ adj
doktrynalny
Of, relating to, involving, belonging to or concerning a doctrine.

doctrinally more doctrinally most doctrinally adv
doktrynalnie
In a doctrinal manner; in terms of doctrine.

doctrine /ˈdɑk.tɹɪn/ /ˈdɒk.tɹɪn/ doctrines n
doktryna
(countable) A belief or tenet, especially about philosophical or theological matters.
(countable, and, uncountable) The body of teachings of an ideology, most often a religion, or of an ideological or religious leader, organization, group, or text.

document /ˈdɑkjʊmənt/ /ˈdɑkjʊmɛnt/ /ˈdɒkjʊmənt/ /ˈdɒkjʊmɛnt/ documents n
dokument
An original or official paper used as the basis, proof, or support of anything else, including any writing, book, or other instrument conveying information pertinent to such proof or support.
(computing) A file that contains text.

document /ˈdɑkjʊmənt/ /ˈdɑkjʊmɛnt/ /ˈdɒkjʊmənt/ /ˈdɒkjʊmɛnt/ v
dokumentować udokumentować
To record in documents.
To furnish with documents or papers necessary to establish facts or give information.

documentarian documentarians n
dokumentalista
A person whose profession is to create documentary films.

documentary /ˌdɑk.jəˈmɛn.tə.ɹi/ /ˌdɑk.jəˈmɛn.tɹi/ /ˌdɒk.jʊˈmɛn.tə.ɹi/ /ˌdɒk.jʊˈmɛn.tɹi/ adj
dokumentalny dokumentarny
Of, related to, or based on documents.

documentary /ˌdɑk.jəˈmɛn.tə.ɹi/ /ˌdɑk.jəˈmɛn.tɹi/ /ˌdɒk.jʊˈmɛn.tə.ɹi/ /ˌdɒk.jʊˈmɛn.tɹi/ documentaries n
film dokumentalny dokument
A film, TV program, publication etc. which presents a social, political, scientific or historical subject in a factual or informative manner.

documentation /ˌdɑkjəmənˈteɪʃən/ /ˌdɒkjʊmənˈteɪʃən/ documentations n
dokumentacja
(computing, mechanical engineering) Documents that explain the operation of a particular machine or software program.

dodder /ˈdɑdɚ/ /ˈdɒdə/ dodders n
kanianka
Any of about 100-170 species of yellow, orange or red (rarely green) parasitic plants of the genus Cuscuta. Formerly treated as the only genus in the family Cuscutaceae, it is now placed in the morning glory family, Convolvulaceae.

dodderer dodderers n
pierdziel ramol
Somebody who dodders.

dodecagon dodecagons n
dwunastokąt
(geometry) A polygon with twelve edges and twelve angles.

dodecagonal adj
dwunastokątny
Having twelve sides and twelve angles

dodecagram dodecagrams n
dodekagram
A star polygon that has twelve vertices.

dodecahedral adj
dwunastościenny

dodecahedron /doʊˌdɛk.əˈhiː.dɹən/ /ˌdoʊ.dɛk.əˈhiː.dɹən/ /ˌdəʊ.dɛk.əˈhiː.dɹən/ /ˌdəʊ.dɪk.əˈhiː.dɹən/ dodecahedra dodecahedrons n
dwunastościan foremny
(geometry) A polyhedron with twelve faces; the regular dodecahedron has regular pentagons as faces and is one of the Platonic solids.

dodecaphony n
dodekafonia
(music) 12-tone music, a form of composition using all 12 tones of the chromatic scale in such a way that they are "equal", i.e. having no tonic, no dominant, no major or minor keys, and no distinction between harmony and dissonance.

dodgeball dodgeballs n
dwa ognie zbijak
A team sport whose main objective is to dodge or catch balls thrown by the opposition.

dodgy /ˈdɒd͡ʒ.i/ dodgier dodgiest adj
szemrany
(UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand) Unsound and unreliable.

dodo /ˈdoʊˌdoʊ/ /ˈdəʊdəʊ/ dodoes dodos n
dodo
A large, flightless bird, †Raphus cucullatus, related to the pigeon, that is now extinct (since the 1600s) and was native to Mauritius.

doe /doʊ/ /dəʊ/ does n
łania sarna samica daniel
A female deer; also used of similar animals such as antelope (less commonly a goat, as nanny is also used).
królica
A female rabbit.
zajęczyca
A female hare.
wiewiórka
A female squirrel.
kangurzyca
A female kangaroo.

doenjang n
doenjang

does a bear shit in the woods phraseologicalUnit
pytasz dzika, czy sra w lesie
(colloquial, rhetorical question, mildly, vulgar) A rhetorical question in response to a question to which the answer is an emphatic yes.

does anyone here speak English phraseologicalUnit
czy jest ktoś tutaj kto mówi po angielsku? czy ktokolwiek tutaj mówi po angielsku? czy ktoś tu mówi po angielsku?
Does anyone here speak English?

dog /dɑɡ/ /dɒɡ/ /dɔɡ/ dogs n
pies suka basior
A mammal of the family Canidae:
babsztyl
(slang, derogatory) A dull, unattractive girl or woman.

dog Latin pn
łacina kuchenna
Bad, erroneous Latin.

dog collar dog collars n
obroża
A collar for a dog.

dog days /ˈdɒɡ deɪz/ /ˈdɔɡ deɪz/ n
kanikuła
(archaic) The days following the heliacal rising of Sirius, now in early August (Gregorian) at dates varying by latitude.
The unpleasantly hot days of late summer.

dog in the manger dogs in mangers dogs in the manger n
pies ogrodnika
(idiom) Someone who denies to others something that he or she cannot use.

dog paddle dog paddles n
piesek
A swimming stroke in the style of a dog swimming.

dog rose dog roses n
dzika róża psia róża róża dzika sypel szypszyna
A European wild rose shrub of species Rosa canina, having fragrant white or pink flowers and stems with sharp spines.
A Rosa canina flower.

dog tag dog tags n
adresówka
A small metal disk, attached to a dog's collar, containing identification information.
nieśmiertelnik
(by extension, informal) The identification tag worn around the neck by military personnel.

dog's life dogs' lives n
pieskie życie
(idiomatic) A miserable, wretched existence.

dog-ear /ˈdɑɡ-/ /ˈdɒɡɪə/ /ˈdɔɡˌɪ(ə)ɹ/ dog-ears n
ośle ucho
The folded corner of the page of a book or other publication, either due to having been read many times or intentionally as a sort of bookmark.

dog-paddle v
płynąć pieskiem pływać pieskiem
To swim using the dog paddle stroke.

dogbane dogbanes n
toina
Any plant in the genus Apocynum, eponymous of the dogbane family Apocynaceae

dogberry dogberries n
dereń
The berry of the dogwood.

doge /doʊdʒ/ /doʊɡ/ /doʊʒ/ /dəʊdʒ/ /dəʊɡ/ /dəʊʒ/ /ˈdɑɡi/ /ˈdɒɡi/ doges n
pieseł
(internet slang, jocular) A dog.

doge /doʊd͡ʒ/ /doʊʒ/ /dəʊdʒ/ /dəʊʒ/ /ˈdoʊ.d͡ʒeɪ/ /ˈdəʊ.dʒeɪ/ doges dogi n
doża
(historical) The chief magistrate in the republics of Venice and Genoa.

dogfight dogfights n
walka psów
A fight between dogs, especially as part of the blood sport of dogfighting.

dogged /ˈdɒɡɪd/ /ˈdɔɡɪd/ more dogged most dogged adj
uparty wytrwały zawzięty
stubbornly persevering, steadfast

doggerel /ˈdɒɡəɹəl/ adj
wiersz częstochowski wiersz kalwaryjski
(poetry) Of a crude or irregular construction.

doggy style /ˈdɑɡ.i staɪl/ /ˈdɒ.ɡi staɪl/ /ˈdɔ.ɡi staɪl/ adv
na pieska
(slang, of sexual intercourse) In a position whereby one partner is on all fours and the other partner is penetrating from behind.

doggy style /ˈdɑɡ.i staɪl/ /ˈdɒ.ɡi staɪl/ /ˈdɔ.ɡi staɪl/ n
pozycja na pieska
(slang) The position assumed for doggy style intercourse.

dogma /ˈdɑɡ.mə/ /ˈdɒɡ.mə/ /ˈdɔɡ.mə/ dogmas dogmata n
dogmat
An authoritative principle, belief or statement of opinion, especially one considered to be absolutely true and indisputable, regardless of evidence or without evidence to support it.
dogmat doktryna
A doctrine (or set of doctrines) relating to matters such as morality and faith, set forth authoritatively by a religious organization or leader.

dogmatic /dɑɡˈmæt.ɪk/ /dɒɡˈmæt.ɪk/ /dɔɡˈmæt.ɪk/ [dɑɡˈmæɾ.ɪk] [dɔɡˈmæɾ.ɪk] [ˈdɔɡˈmæɾ.ɪk] more dogmatic most dogmatic adj
dogmatyczny
Asserting dogmas or beliefs in a superior or arrogant way; opinionated, dictatorial.

dogmatism dogmatisms n
dogmatyzm
The manner or character of a dogmatist; arrogance or positiveness in stating opinion.

dogsled dogsleds n
psi zaprzęg
A sled, pulled by dogs over ice and snow.

dogwood /ˈdɒɡwʊd/ dogwoods n
dereń
Any of various small trees of the genus Cornus, especially the wild cornel and the flowering cornel

doily /ˈdɔɪli/ doilies n
serwetka
(Judaism) A similar circular piece of lace worn as a head-covering by some married Jewish women.

doing /ˈduːɪŋ/ doings n
czyn sprawka
A deed or action, especially when somebody is held responsible for it.

dojo /ˈdoʊˌd͡ʒoʊ/ /ˈdəʊdʒəʊ/ [ˈdoʊ̯ˌd͡ʒoʊ̯] [ˈdəʊ̯d͡ʒəʊ̯] dojo dojos n
dojo
(martial arts) A training facility, usually led by one or more sensei; a hall or room used for such training.

dolce far niente /ˌdoʊltʃeɪ ˌfɑɹ niˈɛnteɪ/ /ˌdoʊltʃi ˌfɑɹ niˈɛnti/ /ˌdɒltʃeɪ ˌfɑː nɪˈɛnteɪ/ n
błogie lenistwo
Sheer indulgent relaxation and blissful laziness, the enjoyment of idleness.

dolce vita /ˌdoʊltʃeɪ ˈvitə/ /ˌdɒltʃeɪ ˈviːtə/ n
dolce vita słodkie życie
The good life; a life of self-indulgence and luxury. [from 20th c.]

doldrums /ˈdɑldɹəmz/ /ˈdɒldɹəmz/ n
apatia
Usually preceded by the: a state of apathy or lack of interest; a situation where one feels boredom, ennui, or tedium; a state of listlessness or malaise.
cisza flauta
(nautical) Usually preceded by the: the state of a sailing ship when it is impeded by calms or light, baffling winds, and is unable to make progress.

dolefully more dolefully most dolefully adv
smutno
In a doleful manner

dolerite /ˈdɑl.əˌɹaɪt/ /ˈdɒl.əˌɹaɪt/ dolerites n
diabaz doleryt
(geology) A type of fine-grained basaltic rock.

dolichocephaly n
dolichocefalia długogłowość
(medicine) The quality or condition of being dolichocephalic.

doll /dɑl/ /dɒl/ /dɔl/ [dɒːɫ] dolls dollz n
lalka kukła
A toy in the form of a human.
lala lalka lalunia
(slang) An attractive young woman.

doll's house doll's houses n
domek dla lalek
(UK) A miniature house used by children as a toy for recreating domestic settings.

dollar /ˈdoː.lə/ /ˈdɑ.lɚ/ /ˈdɒl.ə/ /ˈdɔ.lɚ/ /ˈdɔː.lə/ dollars n
dolar
Official designation for currency in some parts of the world, including Canada, the United States, Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, and elsewhere. Its symbol is $.

dollarization /dɑlɝɪˈzeɪ̯ʃɪn/ n
dolaryzacja
(economics) The process of a country, officially, or its residents, unofficially, adopting the US dollar or other foreign currency in parallel to or instead of the domestic currency.

dollarize v
dolaryzować
(intransitive) To undergo dollarization; to start using the dollar as currency.

dollop /ˈdɑləp/ /ˈdɒləp/ dollops n
porcja
A considerable lump, scoop, or quantity of something, especially soft food. [from 1810s]

dolly /ˈdɑli/ /ˈdɒli/ dollies n
wózek transportowy
A small truck without means of steering, to be slipped under a load.

dolma dolmades dolmas dolmathes n
dolmades
Any of a family of stuffed vegetable dishes. The filling generally consists of rice, minced meat or grains, together with onion, herbs and spices.

dolman /ˈdoʊlmən/ /ˈdɒlmən/ dolmans n
dolman
A long, loose garment with narrow sleeves and an opening in the front, generally worn by Turks.
A short, close-fitting, heavily braided military jacket, usually worn under a pelisse, originally by hussars.
A woman's garment with wide capelike sleeves.

dolmen /ˈdoʊl.mən/ /ˈdɑl.mən/ /ˈdɒl.mɛn/ dolmens n
dolmen
A prehistoric megalithic tomb consisting of a capstone supported by two or more upright stones, most having originally been covered with earth or smaller stones to form a barrow.

dolomite /ˈdoʊ.ləˌmaɪt/ /ˈdɑl.əˌmaɪt/ /ˈdɒl.əˌmaɪt/ dolomites n
dolomit
(mineral) An evaporite consisting of a mixed calcium and magnesium carbonate, with the chemical formula CaMg(CO3)2; it also exists as the rock dolostone.

dolorous /ˈdoʊləɹəs/ /ˈdɒləɹəs/ more dolorous most dolorous adj
boleściwy
Solemnly or ponderously sad.

dolour /ˈdoʊlɚ/ /ˈdɒlə/ /ˈdəʊlə/ dolours n
boleść rozpacz żal
(chiefly, uncountable, literary) Anguish, grief, misery, or sorrow.

dolphin /ˈdɑlf.ɪn/ /ˈdɒlf.ɪn/ [ˈdɑl̥fɪn] [ˈdɒl̥fɪn] dolphins n
delfin
A carnivorous aquatic mammal in one of several families of order Cetacea, famed for its intelligence and occasional willingness to approach humans.

dolphin striker dolphin strikers n
delfiniak
(nautical) A near-vertical spar between the bowsprit and martingale

dolphinarium /dɑl.fɪˈnɛəɹ.i.əm/ /dɒl.fɪˈnɛəɹ.i.əm/ dolphinaria dolphinariums n
delfinarium

dolt /doʊlt/ /dɒlt/ /dɔʊlt/ /dəʊlt/ dolts n
bęcwał głupek
(pejorative) A stupid person; a blockhead or dullard.

domain /doʊˈmeɪn/ /dəʊˈmeɪn/ /dəˈmeɪn/ domains n
dziedzina
A geographic area owned or controlled by a single person or organization.
A group of related items, topics, or subjects.
(computing) A collection of information having to do with a domain, the computers named in the domain, and the network on which the computers named in the domain reside.
domena dziedzina
A field or sphere of activity, influence or expertise.
domena
(computing, Internet) A collection of DNS or DNS-like domain names consisting of a delegated domain name and all its subdomains.
(computing) The collection of computers identified by a domain's domain names.
(physics) A small region of a magnetic material with a consistent magnetization direction.
(taxonomy) The highest rank in the classification of organisms, above kingdom; in the three-domain system, one of the taxa Bacteria, Archaea, or Eukaryota.
(biochemistry) A folded section of a protein molecule that has a discrete function; the equivalent section of a chromosome

domain of discourse domains of discourse n
obszar rozważań
(logic) In predicate logic, an indication of the relevant set of entities that are being dealt with by quantifiers.

dome /dəʊm/ domes n
kopuła
(architecture) A structural element resembling the hollow upper half of a sphere.

domestic /-stək/ /dəˈmes.tɪk/ /dəˈmɛs.tɪk/ more domestic most domestic adj
domowy
Of or relating to the home.
Of or relating to activities normally associated with the home, wherever they actually occur.
(of an animal) Kept by someone, for example as a farm animal or a pet.
krajowy
Internal to a specific country.

domestic cat domestic cats n
kot domowy
(zoology) A domesticated cat, of the species Felis catus or Felis silvestris catus, especially one kept as a pet or for vermin control.

domestic partner domestic partners n
konkubent konkubentka konkubin konkubina nieślubna nieślubny

domestic violence n
przemoc domowa
Violence between members of a household, such as spouses.

domesticate /-kɪt/ /-stə-/ /dəˈmɛ.stɪ.keɪt/ /dəˈmɛ.stɪ.kət/ v
udomowić udamawiać udamawiać się udomawiać udomawiać się udomowiać
(transitive) To adapt to live with humans.
(intransitive) To adapt to live with humans.

domesticated more domesticated most domesticated adj
udomowiony
selectively bred to live with or around humans. (of an animal or a plant, especially a pet)

domesticity domesticities n
domowe zacisze
Affection for the home and its material comforts.

domicile /ˈdɑ.mɪ.saɪl/ /ˈdɑ.mɪ.sɪl/ /ˈdɒm.ɪ.saɪl/ domiciles n
domicyl
(formal) A home or residence.

dominance /ˈdɑmɪnəns/ /ˈdɒmɪnəns/ /ˈdɔmɪnəns/ dominances n
dominacja
The state of being dominant; of prime importance; supremacy.
(physiology) The superior development of or preference for one side of the body or one of a pair of organs; such as being right-handed.

dominant /ˈdɑmənənt/ /ˈdɒmɪnənt/ more dominant most dominant adj
dominujący
Ruling; governing; prevailing

dominant /ˈdɑmənənt/ /ˈdɒmɪnənt/ dominants n
dominanta
(music) The fifth major tone of a musical scale (five major steps above the note in question); thus G is the dominant of C, A of D, and so on.
dominant
A species or organism that is dominant.

dominate /ˈdɑ.məˌneɪt/ /ˈdɒm.əˌneɪt/ /ˈdɔm.əˌnæɪt/ v
dominować przewyższać przewyższyć zdominować
To govern, rule or control by superior authority or power
dominować zdominować
To exert an overwhelming guiding influence over something or someone
dominować górować
To overlook from a height.

domination /ˌdɑːməˈneɪʃən/ /ˌdɒməˈneɪʃən/ dominations n
dominacja
The exercise of power in ruling; sovereignty; authority; government.
(Christianity) A dominion; an angel from a high order of angels in the celestial hierarchy.
(BDSM) A fetish characterized by control and power over and discipline of one's sexual partner.

dominatrix /ˌdɒmɪˈneɪtɹɪks/ dominatrices dominatrixes n
domina
A dominant female in sadomasochistic practices.

dominical /dəʊ-/ /dəˈmɪnək(ə)l/ /dəˈmɪnɪk(ə)l/ adj
niedzielne
(historical) Of or pertaining to the ancient system of dominical letters, used for determining Sundays (particularly Easter Sunday) in any given year.

dominion /doʊˈmɪnjən/ /dəˈmɪnjən/ dominions n
dominacja
Power or the use of power; sovereignty over something; stewardship, supremacy.
dominium
(sometimes, figurative) A kingdom, nation, or other sphere of influence; governed territory.

domino /ˈdɑmɪnoʊ/ /ˈdɒmɪnəʊ/ dominoes dominos n
domino
(dominoes) A tile divided into two squares, each having 0 to 6 (or sometimes more) dots or pips (as in dice), used in the game of dominoes. [from c. 1800]
A masquerade costume consisting of a hooded robe and a mask covering the upper part of the face.
The person wearing the costume.

domino effect domino effects n
efekt domina
The situation in which one event sets off a chain of additional events.

dominoes /ˈdɑmɪnoʊz/ /ˈdɒmɪnəʊz/ n
domino
Any of several games played by arranging domino tiles on a flat surface.

domovoy domovoys n
domowik domownik domowoj domowy
(Slavic mythology) A type of house sprite from Slavic mythology

don /dɑn/ /dɒn/ v
ubierać wkładać zakładać
(transitive) To put on clothing; to dress (oneself) in an article of personal attire.

don't /doʊnt/ /dəʊnt/ [doʊ̯n] [dõʊ̯̃(ʔ)t̚] [dõʔ] [dəʊ̯nt̚] v
nie
do not (negative auxiliary)

don't change a winning team proverb
zwycięskiego składu się nie zmienia

don't count your chickens before they're hatched proverb
nie chwal dnia przed zachodem słońca nie dziel skóry na niedźwiedziu nie mów hop, póki nie przeskoczysz
One should not depend upon a favorable (and typically overoptimistic) outcome to one's plans until it is certain to occur.

don't get someone started phraseologicalUnit
nie każ mi zaczynać nie zaczynaj
(idiomatic) Used to attempt to avoid or abbreviate a discussion that speaker or hearer may wish to avoid.

don't look a gift horse in the mouth proverb
darowanemu koniowi w zęby się nie zagląda darowanemu koniowi nie zagląda się w zęby darowanemu koniowi nie zaglądaj w zęby darowanemu koniowi w zęby się nie patrzy
One should not unappreciatively question or inspect a gift too closely.

don't mention it phraseologicalUnit
nie ma za co nie ma o czym mówić
A polite way of responding to thanks, by suggesting that the service is too trivial or humble to warrant thanks; you're welcome.

don't mind if I do phraseologicalUnit
chętnie
(informal) Used to express acceptance of something offered to the speaker.

don't put all your eggs in one basket proverb
nie stawiaj wszystkiego na jedną kartę.
Do not dedicate all your resources to one project.

don't shoot the messenger proverb
nie strzelaj do posłańca
The bearer of bad news should not be held accountable for it.

don't sweat it phraseologicalUnit
nie bój żaby
(colloquial, idiom) Do not worry about it.

don't try to teach grandma how to suck eggs proverb
nie ucz ojca dzieci robić
Don't presume to give advice to those who are more experienced.

don't worry phraseologicalUnit
nie martw się
Indicates to the interlocutor not to worry about something.

donate /doʊˈneɪt/ /dəʊˈneɪt/ /dəˈneɪt/ /ˈdoʊˌneɪt/ v
podarować
(ambitransitive) To make a donation; to give away something of value to support or contribute towards a cause or for the benefit of another.

donation /doʊˈneɪʃən/ /dəʊˈneɪʃən/ donations n
dar datek darowizna donacja
A voluntary gift or contribution for a specific cause.

done and dusted adj
jest pozamiatane
(British, idiomatic, of a task) Completed thoroughly and satisfactorily.

done for adj
skończony
Doomed; without hope of recovery.

doner kebab /ˈdɒn.ə(ɹ) kəˌbæb/ /ˌdoʊ.nɚ kɪˈbɑb/ doner kebabs n
kebab kebs
A Turkish dish in which meat (typically seasoned lamb or mutton, but alternatively chicken or perhaps beef) is grilled on a revolving vertical spit; when cooked, the meat is sliced off and served with fresh vegetables in pita or rolled in a piece of unleavened flatbread.

donkey /ˈdɑŋki/ /ˈdɒŋki/ /ˈdɔŋki/ /ˈdʌŋki/ donkeys n
osioł oślica
A domestic animal, Equus asinus asinus, similar to a horse.
osioł
A stubborn person.
A fool.

donkey work n
czarna robota robota głupiego
(idiomatic) Hard, boring, routine work.

donor /ˈdoʊnɚ/ /ˈdəʊnə/ donors n
darczyńca dawca ofiarodawca
One who makes a donation.

doodle /ˈdud(ə)l/ /ˈduːdl̩/ doodles n
bazgroły gryzmoły
A small mindless sketch, etc.
siusiak
(slang, sometimes, _, childish) The penis.

doodle /ˈdud(ə)l/ /ˈduːdl̩/ v
gryzmolić bazgrać nagryzmolić
(ambitransitive) To draw or scribble aimlessly.

doodlebug doodlebugs n
mrówkolew
(entomology) An antlion larva (Myrmeleontidae).

doodler doodlers n
bazgracz

doofus /ˈduːfəs/ doofi doofuses n
głupek
(slang, derogatory, sometimes affectionately humorous) A person with poor judgment and taste; a foolish or silly person.

doohickey /ˈduhɪki/ doohickeys n
wihajster
(slang, originally, US) A thing (used in a vague way to refer to something whose name one does not know or cannot recall)

doom /duːm/ dooms n
fatum
Destiny, especially terrible.
zagłada zguba
An undesirable fate; an impending severe occurrence or danger that seems inevitable.
groza
Dread; a feeling of danger, impending danger, darkness, or despair.
osąd sąd
(countable, obsolete) A judgment or decision.
wyrok
(countable, obsolete) A sentence or penalty for illegal behaviour.
zguba
Death.

doomed /duːmd/ more doomed most doomed adj
skazany
Assured to suffer death, failure, or a similarly negative outcome.

doomsday /ˈduːmz.deɪ/ doomsdays n
Dzień Sądu Ostatecznego sąd ostateczny
The day when God is expected to judge the world; the end times.

door /do(ː)ɹ/ /doə/ /doʊ/ /dɔɹ/ /dɔː/ doors n
drzwi
A portal of entry into a building, room, or vehicle, typically consisting of a rigid plane movable on a hinge. It may have a handle to help open and close, a latch to hold it closed, and a lock that ensures it cannot be opened without a key.

door frame /ˈdɔɹ ˌfɹeɪm/ /ˈdɔː ˌfɹeɪm/ door frames n
futryna ościeżnica
The frame into which a door is fitted.

door handle door handles n
klamka antaba
A mechanism attached to a door and used to open or close it.

door opener door openers n
otwieracz drzwi
Any of various devices to automatically open a door in response to a sensor or signal sent from a controller.

doorbell /ˈdɔɹ.bɛl/ /ˈdɔː.bɛl/ doorbells n
dzwonek dzwonek do drzwi
A device on or adjacent to an outer door for announcing one's presence. It can be mechanical, directly sounding a bell, or a button that electrically sounds a chime or buzzer inside the building.

doorframe /ˈdɔɹˌfɹeɪm/ /ˈdɔːˌfɹeɪm/ doorframes n
ościeżnica
The frame into which a door is fitted.

doorjamb doorjambs n
futryna
Either of the upright posts on either side of a door, which together support a lintel.

doorkeeper doorkeepers n
dozorca dozorczyni odźwierna odźwierny portier portierka
The person in charge of an entryway, sometimes just a doorman, sometimes something more.

doorknob /ˈdɔɹ.nɑb/ /ˈdɔː.nɒb/ doorknobs n
klamka
A circular device attached to a door, the rotation of which permits the unlatching of the door.

doorknocker doorknockers n
antaba kołatka
A knocker mounted on a door.

doorman doormen n
odźwierny portier
A person who holds open the door at the entryway (entrance) to a building, summons taxicabs, and provides an element of security; in apartment buildings, he also accepts deliveries and may perform certain concierge type services.

doormat /ˈdɔɹˌmæt/ /ˈdɔːˌmæt/ doormats n
wycieraczka
A coarse mat at the entrance to a house, upon which one wipes one's shoes.
pantofel wycieraczka
(figuratively, derogatory) Someone who is overly submissive to others' wishes.

doorstep /ˈdɔː(ɹ)stɛp/ doorsteps n
próg
An outside step leading up to the door of a building, usually a home.
pajda skiba
(UK, informal) A thick slice, especially of bread.

doorway /ˈdo(ː)ɹweɪ/ /ˈdoəweɪ/ /ˈdɔɹweɪ/ /ˈdɔːweɪ/ doorways n
wejście
The passage of a door; a door-shaped entrance into a house or a room.

dopamine /ˈdoʊ.pəˌmin/ /ˈdəʊ.pə.miːn/ dopamines n
dopamina
(neurotransmitter, pharmaceutical drug) A monoamine C8H11NO2 that is a decarboxylated form of dopa, present in the body as a neurotransmitter and a precursor of other substances including adrenalin.

dope [doʊp] [dəʊp] dopes n
aerożel
(uncountable, aeronautics) Any varnish used to coat a part, such as an airplane wing or a hot-air balloon in order to waterproof, strengthen, etc.
biała śmierć
(uncountable, slang) Any of various recreational substances:
debil debilka
(countable, slang) A stupid person.

doping dopings n
doping
(sports) The use of drugs to improve athletic performance.

doppelganger /-ˌɡæŋə/ /-ˌɡæŋəɹ/ /ˈdɑp(ə)lˌɡɛŋəɹ/ /ˈdɒp(ə)lˌɡɛŋə/ doppelgangers n
sobowtór
A ghostly double of a living person, especially one that haunts such a person.
A remarkably similar double.

dormant /ˈdɔɹmənt/ /ˈdɔːmənt/ adj
uśpiony
Inactive, sleeping, asleep, suspended.

dormant volcano dormant volcanoes dormant volcanos n
wulkan drzemiący
(geology) A volcano that has not erupted for a considerable length of time, but is still capable of erupting.

dormer-window dormer-windows n
facjata
An upright window built from a sloping roof.

dormitory /ˈdɔɹmɪˌtɔɹi/ dormitories n
akademik
A room containing a number of beds (and often some other furniture and/or utilities) for sleeping, often applied to student and backpacker accommodation of this kind.
akademik internat dormitorium
A building or part of a building which houses students, soldiers, monks etc. who sleep there and use communal further facilities.

dormouse /ˈdɔɹmaʊs/ /ˈdɔːmaʊs/ dormice n
popielica pilch
Any of several species of small, mostly European rodents of the family Gliridae; also called Myoxidae or Muscardinidae by some taxonomists.

dorsal /ˈdɔɹ.səl/ /ˈdɔː.sl̩/ /ˈdɔː.səl/ more dorsal most dorsal adj
dorsalny grzbietowy
(anatomy, zootomy) With respect to, or concerning the side in which the backbone is located, or the analogous side of an invertebrate.

dorsal fin dorsal fins n
płetwa grzbietowa
A fin located on the backs of fish and some marine mammals.

dosa /ˈdoʊsə/ /ˈdəʊsə/ dosas n
dosa
A type of thin south Indian pancake made from fermented lentils and rice blended with water, typically served with chutney or sambar.

dose /doʊs/ /dəʊs/ doses n
dawka
A measured portion of medicine taken at any one time.
dawka doza miarka porcja
The quantity of an agent (not always active) substance or radiation administered or experienced at any one time.

dose /doʊs/ /dəʊs/ v
dawkować dozować
(transitive) To administer a dose to.

dosh /dɒʃ/ n
hajs
(UK, AU, slang) Money.

doss-house doss-houses n
noclegownia
A place where homeless people can sleep for the night.

dossier /-si.ɚ/ /ˈdɑ.si.eɪ/ /ˈdɑs.jeɪ/ /ˈdɒs.i.eɪ/ /ˈdɔ.si.eɪ/ /ˈdɔs.jeɪ/ dossiers n
dossier akta dokumentacja
A collection of papers and/or other sources, containing detailed information about a particular person or subject, together with a synopsis of their content.

dot /dɑt/ /dɒt/ /dɔt/ dots n
kropka
(grammar) A punctuation mark used to indicate the end of a sentence or an abbreviated part of a word; a full stop; a period.
A point used as a diacritical mark above or below various letters of the Latin script, as in Ȧ, Ạ, Ḅ, Ḃ, Ċ.
(mathematics) A symbol used for separating the fractional part of a decimal number from the whole part, for indicating multiplication or a scalar product, or for various other purposes.
One of the two symbols used in Morse code.
(MLE) buckshot, projectile from a "dotty" or shotgun
kropka punkt przecinek
Anything small and like a speck comparatively; a small portion or specimen.

dot /dɑt/ /dɒt/ /dɔt/ v
cętkować kropkować wykropkować wykropkowywać zakropkować zakropkowywać
(transitive) To cover with small spots (of some liquid).
To mark by means of dots or small spots.

dot the i's and cross the t's /ˌdɑt ði ˈaɪz ən ˌkɹɔs ðə ˈtiz/ /ˌdɒt ði ˈaɪz ən ˌkɹɒs ðə ˈtiːz/ /ˌdɔt ðɘ ˈɒez ɘn ˌkɹɔs ðɘ ˈtɘiz/ v
dopiąć na ostatni guzik postawić kropkę nad i
(idiomatic) To take care of every detail, even minor ones; to be meticulous or thorough; to finish off something close to complete.

dot-com bubble dot-com bubbles n
bańka internetowa

dotage /ˈdoʊtɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈdəʊtɪdʒ/ dotages n
zdziecinnienie
Decline in judgment and other cognitive functions, associated with aging; senility.

dotard /ˈdoʊ.tɑɹd/ /ˈdoʊ.tɚd/ /ˈdəʊ.təd/ dotards n
ramol
(archaic) An old person with impaired intellect; one in their dotage.

dote /dəʊt/ v
szaleć ubóstwiać
(intransitive, usually, with on) To be weakly or foolishly fond of somebody.

dotted /ˈdɑtɪd/ /ˈdɒtɪd/ more dotted most dotted adj
kropkowany
(of a line) Made up of a series of dots.

double /ˈdʌb(ə)l/ /ˈdʌbl̩/ [ˈdʌb.ɫ] adj
podwójny
Made up of two matching or complementary elements.
podwójny podwojony
Of twice the quantity.
dwumiejscowy dwuosobowy
Designed for two users.
dwojaki podwójny
Having two aspects; ambiguous.

double /ˈdʌb(ə)l/ /ˈdʌbl̩/ [ˈdʌb.ɫ] doubles n
dwukrotność
Twice the number, amount, size, etc.
sobowtór
A person who resembles and stands in for another person, often for safety purposes
dublet
A redundant item for which an identical item already exists.

double /ˈdʌb(ə)l/ /ˈdʌbl̩/ [ˈdʌb.ɫ] v
podwajać dublować podwoić zdublować
(transitive) To multiply by two.
podwajać podwoić
(intransitive) To increase by 100%, to become twice as large in size.
dublować zastąpić zastępować zdublować
To be the double of; to exceed by twofold; to contain or be worth twice as much as.
(ambitransitive, sometimes with "for") To act as substitute for (another theatrical performer in a certain role, etc).
(military) To unite, as ranks or files, so as to form one from each two.

double Dutch /dʌb.əl ˈdʌtʃ/ n
chińszczyzna
Incomprehensible language.

double act double acts n
duet
A comic pairing in which humor is derived from the uneven relationship between two partners, usually of the same gender, age, ethnic origin and profession, but often with drastically different personalities or behavior, maybe with a stooge or straight man.

double agent double agents n
podwójny agent

double bass /ˈdʌ.bl̩beɪs/ double basses n
kontrabas
The largest stringed instrument of the violin family.

double boiler double boilers n
bemar
A large pan containing hot water, into which other smaller pans are set in order to cook food at low heat (below the boiling point) or to keep food warm.

double chin double chins n
podwójny podbródek
A layer of subcutaneous fat under the chin, giving the appearance of having an extra chin.

double door double doors n
podwoje
A set of two adjoining doors that can be opened independently.

double entendre /dubl ɑ̃tɑ̃ːdɹ/ /dʌbəl ɒnˈtɒndɹə/ double entendre double entendres n
dwuznacznik
A phrase that has two meanings, especially where one is innocent and literal, the other risqué, bawdy, or ironic; an innuendo.

double flat double flats n
bemol podwójny
(music) an accidental that indicates that a note should be played a whole step lower

double life /ˈdʌb(ə)l ˌlaɪf/ double lives n
podwójne życie
An existence or life that has two aspects, particularly when one of them is regarded as embarrassing, immoral, or unlawful and thus kept hidden from a person's family, friends, and work colleagues.

double penetration n
na dwa baty podwójna penetracja
The simultaneous sexual penetration of one or more orifices of one person by two other people or objects.

double room double rooms n
pokój dwuosobowy
A room, especially in a hotel, that is designed for two people and has two single beds (sometimes called a twin room) or one double bed.

double sharp double sharps n
podwójny krzyżyk
(music) An accidental that indicates that a note should be played a whole step higher.

double sheet bend double sheet bends n
węzeł bramszotowy
Doubled version of the sheet bend; a strong knot used to tie two ropes of different diameters together.

double standard double standards n
podwójny standard
A pair of monetary values, i.e. a gold standard and a silver standard, both of which are legal tender.

double track n
dwutorowy
(rail) a section of railway line or tramline consisting of two parallel tracks, one being used in one direction and the other in the opposite direction.

double-barrelled shotgun double-barrelled shotguns n
dubeltówka dwururka
A type of shot-firing gun with two long, parallel barrels, allowing the user to fire twice in quick succession.

double-blind adj
podwójnie ślepy
Describing an experiment (usually medical) in which some information which might influence the experiment is withheld from two parties. Most commonly, parties in question are the subjects and the administrators and the information which is withheld is the treatment groups of the subjects.

double-blind test double-blind tests n
podwójnie ślepa próba
(science) A form of scientific testing in which some information is withheld from two different parties. Most commonly, neither the tester nor the subjects tested know which are the control items and which are the test items.

double-click double-clicks n
dwumlask podwójne kliknięcie
(computing) The action of pushing the button on a mouse twice in quick succession in order to perform a different task that would be performed from a single-click or triple-click.

double-decker double-deckers n
piętrus pojazd piętrowy
A frigate with two decks above the waterline.

double-decker bus double-decker buses n
piętrowy autobus
A bus that has two levels (decks) of seating.

double-digit adj
dwucyfrowy
Being a number between 10 and 99 inclusive, a number that requires two digits to write in base 10.

double-edged more double-edged most double-edged adj
obosieczny
(not comparable) Of a blade, such as a sword or knife, sharp on both edges.
(comparable, figuratively) As dangerous for the user as the one it is used on.

double-edged sword double-edged swords n
miecz obosieczny
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see double-edged,‎ sword.

double-entry adj
księgowość podwójna
(accounting) Describing a method of bookkeeping in which each transaction is entered in two accounts, for debits and for credits.

double-u /ˈdʌbəljuː/ /ˌdʌb.əlˈjuː/ double-ues n
wu
The name of the Latin-script letter W.

doubles n
debel
(sports, plurale tantum) a game between pairs of players

doublethink doublethinks n
dwójmyślenie
The holding of two contradictory beliefs in one's mind simultaneously and accepting both of them as true or correct, without realizing the contradiction.

doubleton doubletons n
dubleton
(bridge) A pair of cards of the same suit, which are the only cards of that suit in a player's hand

doubloon /dʌˈbluːn/ doubloons n
dublon
(historical, numismatics) A former Spanish gold coin, also used in its American colonies. [from early 17th c.]

doubly /ˈdʌ.bəl.li/ /ˈdʌb.li/ adv
podwójnie
(usually, of relative importance, of degree, quantity or measure) In a double manner; with twice the severity or degree.

doubt /daʊt/ /dʌʊt/ doubts n
wątpliwość
(uncountable, countable) Disbelief or uncertainty (about something); (countable) a particular instance of such disbelief or uncertainty.

doubt /daʊt/ /dʌʊt/ v
wątpić powątpiewać zwątpić
(ambitransitive) To be undecided about; to lack confidence in; to disbelieve, to question.

doubting Thomas doubting Thomases n
niewierny Tomasz
One who requires proof before believing.

doubtless /ˈdaʊ̯tləs/ /ˈdʌʊ̯tləs/ adj
bez wątpliwości
Characterized by or experiencing no doubt at all, certain; undoubted; undoubting.

dough /doʊ/ /dəʊ/ /dʌf/ doughs n
ciasto
A thick, malleable substance made by mixing flour with other ingredients such as water, eggs, and/or butter, that is made into a particular form and then baked.
forsa
(slang, somewhat dated) Money.

doughnut /ˈdoʊnət/ /ˈdoʊˌnʌt/ /ˈdəʊˌnʌt/ doughnuts n
pączek oponka obwarzanek
A deep-fried piece of dough or batter, commonly of a toroidal (a ring doughnut) shape, often mixed with various sweeteners and flavourings; or flattened sphere (a filled doughnut) shape filled with jam, custard or cream.
obwarzanek
Anything in the shape of a torus.

doughnutery doughnuteries n
pączkarnia
A doughnut shop.

dour /ˈdaʊ.ɚ/ /ˈdaʊə/ /ˈdaʊɚ/ /ˈdur/ /ˈdʊə/ /ˈdʊɹ/ dourer dourest more dour most dour adj
srogi
Stern, harsh and forbidding.
ponury
Expressing gloom or melancholy.

dove /dʌv/ doves n
gołąb
(countable) A pigeon, especially one smaller in size and white-colored; a bird (often arbitrarily called either a pigeon or a dove or both) of more than 300 species of the family Columbidae.

dove of peace doves of peace n
gołąbek pokoju

dovecote /ˈdʌvkɑt/ /ˈdʌvkɒt/ dovecotes n
gołębnik
A small house or box, often raised to a considerable height above the ground, and having compartments (pigeonholes), in which domestic pigeons breed; a dove house.

dovelet dovelets n
gołębię
(obsolete) A baby dove.

doveling dovelings n
gołębię
A young or baby dove.

dovetail /ˈdʌvteɪl/ /ˈdʌvˌteɪl/ dovetails n
jaskółczy ogon rybi ogon złącze płetwowe
In full dovetail joint: a type of joint where adjoining components are fastened by multiple tenons cut into wedge shapes resembling a dove's tail, which interlock with mortises having corresponding shapes.

dowager /ˈdaʊədʒə/ /ˈdaʊəd͡ʒɚ/ dowagers n
majętna wdowa
a widow holding property or title derived from her late husband

dowager's hump dowager's humps dowagers' humps n
wdowi garb

down /daʊn/ farther down farthest down adv
w dół na dół na dole
(comparable) From a higher position to a lower one; downwards.
pionowo
(sport) Towards the opponent's side (in ball-sports).

down /daʊn/ downs n
puch
Soft, fluffy immature feathers which grow on young birds. Used as insulating material in duvets, sleeping bags and jackets.

down in the dumps more down in the dumps most down in the dumps adj
zdołowany
(idiomatic) Sad; lacking engagement or enthusiasm.

down jacket down jackets n
kurtka puchowa puchowa kurtka puchówka
A quilted jacket stuffed with down feathers.

down payment down payments n
przedpłata
(legal, finance) A payment representing a fraction of the price of something being purchased, made to secure the right to continue making payments towards that purchase.

down with interjection
precz z
Expressing disapproval of or encouraging actions against a person, organization, practice, belief, etc., typically in a public protest.

down-to-earth /ˌdaʊn.ɾəˈɚθ/ adj
praktyczny pragmatyczny realistyczny
(idiomatic) Practical; realistic; pragmatic.

downbeat /ˈdaʊnbiːt/ downbeats n
akcentowana miara taktu
(music) The accented beat at the beginning of a bar (indicated by a conductor with a downward stroke).

downburst downbursts n
nawałnica szkwał
(meteorology) A powerful downward air current, especially one during a thunderstorm, often creating powerful divergent horizontal winds and strong wind shear upon impacting the surface.

downfall /daʊnˈfɔːl/ /ˈdaʊnfɔːl/ downfalls n
upadek
A precipitous decline in fortune; death or rapid deterioration, as in status or wealth.

downhill /ˈdaʊnˌhɪl/ /ˌdaʊnˈhɪl/ more downhill most downhill adv
w dół
Down a slope.

download /ˈdaʊnˌloʊd/ /ˈdaʊnˌləʊd/ /ˌdaʊnˈləʊd/ downloads n
pobieranie
A file transfer to a given computer or device from a remote one through a network connection.

download /ˈdaʊnˌloʊd/ /ˈdaʊnˌləʊd/ /ˌdaʊnˈləʊd/ v
ściągać pobrać pobierać ściągnąć
(transitive, computing) To transfer data to a given computer from a remote one via a network.

downplay v
bagatelizować bimbać lekceważyć zbagatelizować zlekceważyć
(transitive) To de-emphasize; to present or portray as less important or consequential.

downpour /ˈdaʊn.pɔː(ɹ)/ downpours n
ulewa
A heavy rain.

downright /ˈdaʊnˌɹaɪt/ adv
wręcz
Really; actually; quite

downshift /ˈdaʊnʃɪft/ /ˈdaʊnˌʃɪft/ v
zwalniać
To change (one's career or lifestyle) to one which is not as well paid but less stressful and more personally rewarding.
To change one's career or lifestyle to one which is not as well paid but less stressful and more personally rewarding.

downshifting n
downshifting
A social trend towards living a simpler, less ambitious life with a better work-life balance.

downspout downspouts n
rura spustowa
A vertical pipe or conduit that carries rainwater from the scupper, guttering of a building to a lower roof level, drain, ground or storm water runoff system.

downstairs /daʊnˈstɛəz/ /daʊnˈstɛɹz/ adj
na dole
Located on a lower floor.

downstairs /daʊnˈstɛəz/ /daʊnˈstɛɹz/ adv
na dole na dół
Down the stairs.

downtime /ˈdaʊntaɪm/ /ˈdaʊnˌtaɪm/ downtimes n
przestój
The amount of time lost due to forces beyond one's control, such as the breakdown of machinery or a computer crash.

downtown downtowns n
centrum miasta śródmieście
(chiefly, US, Canada) The main business part of a city or town, usually located at or near its center.

downvote /ˈdaʊnˌvoʊt/ /ˈdaʊnˌvəʊt/ downvotes n
negatywna ocena łapka w dół
(Internet, Reddit) A vote against something that reduces a cumulative tally of popularity.

downvote /ˈdaʊnˌvoʊt/ /ˈdaʊnˌvəʊt/ v
oceniać negatywnie
(transitive, Internet, Reddit) To vote against, reducing a cumulative tally of popularity.

dowry /ˈdaʊəɹi/ /ˈdaʊɹi/ dowries n
posag wiano
Payment, such as property or money, paid by the bride's family to the groom or his family at the time of marriage.

dowryless /ˈdaʊ.ɹi.ləs/ adj
bezposażny

dowser /ˈdaʊzə/ dowsers n
radiesteta radiestetka różdżkarka różdżkarz
One who uses the dowser or divining rod. A diviner.

doxology /dɑkˈsɑləd͡ʒi/ /dɒkˈsɒlədʒi/ doxologies n
doksologia
An expression of praise to God, especially a short hymn sung as part of a Christian worship service.

doze /doʊz/ v
drzemać podrzemać
(intransitive) To sleep lightly or briefly; to nap, snooze.

dozen /ˈdʌzən/ dozen dozens n
tuzin
A set of twelve.
(bingo) The number twelve.
dziesiątki kilkadziesiąt tuziny
(as plural only, always followed by of) A large, unspecified number of, comfortably estimated in small multiples of twelve, thus generally implied to be significantly more than ten or twelve, but less than perhaps one or two hundred; many.

dozy dozier doziest adj
śpiący
Quite sleepy or tired.

drab /dɹæb/ drabber drabbest adj
bezbarwny
Of the colour of some types of drabcloth: dull brownish yellow or dun.
(by extension) Particularly of colour: dull, uninteresting.

drably more drably most drably adv
bezbarwnie

drabness drabnesses n
bezbarwność

dracaena dracaenas n
dracena
(botany) Any of the genus Dracaena of liliaceous plants with woody stems and funnel-shaped flowers.

draconian /dɹeɪˈkoʊ.ni.ən/ /dɹækˈəʊ.ni.ən/ /dɹəˈkoʊ.ni.ən/ /dɹəˈkəʊ.ni.ən/ more draconian most draconian adj
drakoński
Very severe, cruel, or harsh.

draft /dɹæft/ /dɹɑːft/ adj
beczkowy z kija
(not comparable) Referring to drinks on tap, in contrast to bottled.

draft /dɹæft/ /dɹɑːft/ drafts n
przeciąg cug
(US spelling) A current of air, usually coming into a room or vehicle.
ciąg cug
(US spelling) The draw through a flue of gasses (smoke) resulting from a combustion process.
haust łyk
(US spelling) The quantity of liquid (such as water, alcohol, or medicine) drunk in one swallow.
zanurzenie
(US spelling, nautical) The depth of water needed to float a particular ship; the depth from the waterline to the bottom of a vessel's hull; the depth of water drawn by a vessel.
szkic zarys
(universal) An early version of a written work (such as a book or e-mail) or drawing.
szkic
(universal) A preliminary sketch or outline for a plan.
trata
(universal) A cheque, an order for money to be paid.
pobór
(American English, usually with the) Conscription, the system of forcing people to serve in the military.

draft /dɹæft/ /dɹɑːft/ v
pisać
To write a law.
powołać
(transitive, US) To conscript a person, force a person to serve in some capacity, especially in the military.

draft dodger draft dodgers n
dekownik
(informal) A person who illicitly seeks to avoid compulsory military service (the draft).

draft horse draft horses n
koń pociągowy
(American spelling) A horse used for muscular work, other than carrying a rider and/or load, such as pulling a cart, plow or log.

draftee draftees n
rekrut
One who is drafted (into a military service, etc).

drag /dɹæɡ/ [d͡ɹ̝˗ʷæˑɡ] drags n
rozczarowanie
(countable, slang) Someone or something that is annoying or frustrating, or disappointing; an obstacle to progress or enjoyment.

drag /dɹæɡ/ [d͡ɹ̝˗ʷæˑɡ] v
ciągnąć wlec
(transitive) To pull along a surface or through a medium, sometimes with difficulty.
wlec
To move onward heavily, laboriously, or slowly; to advance with weary effort; to go on lingeringly.

drag queen drag queens n
drag queen
(LGBT, originally, slang) A person, usually male, who dresses up in women’s clothing and makeup, typically in an exaggerated fashion and for public performance.

drag through the mud v
hańbić zhańbić

dragline excavator /-ɾɚ/ /ˈdɹæɡlaɪn ˈɛkskəˌveɪtə/ /ˈdɹæɡlaɪn ˈɛkskəˌveɪtɚ/ dragline excavators n
koparka zgarniakowa
Any of several very large vehicles used for lifting, especially in the process of mining: basically an excavator which drags its bucket to fill it.

dragnet dragnets n
obława
(law enforcement) Heightened efforts by law-enforcement personnel to capture suspects.

dragoman dragomans dragomen n
dragoman
(historical) An interpreter, especially for the Arabic and Turkish languages.

dragon /ˈdɹæɡən/ /ˈdɹæɡɪn/ [ˈdɹeɪɡən] dragons n
smok żmij
In European mythologies, a gigantic beast, typically reptilian with leathery bat-like wings, lion-like claws, scaly skin and a serpent-like body, often a monster with fiery breath.
smoczyca smok
(pejorative) A fierce and unpleasant woman; a harridan.

dragon fruit /ˈdɹæɡ.ən ˌfɹuːt/ dragon fruits n
pitaja smoczy owoc
The fruit of certain cacti of the genus Hylocereus, cultivated in Southeast Asia and Central and South America, having cerise-pink- or yellow-coloured skin and a white or pink sweet fleshy interior with black seeds.

dragon's teeth n
zęby smoka
(military) Square-pyramidal fortifications of reinforced concrete to impede the movement of tanks and mechanised infantry.

dragoness /ˈdɹæɡənɛs/ dragonesses n
smoczyca
(rare, archaic, mostly, figurative) A female dragon.

dragonfly /ˈdɹæɡənˌflaɪ/ dragonflies n
ważka
An insect of the suborder Epiprocta or, more strictly, the infraorder Anisoptera, having four long transparent wings held perpendicular to a long body when perched.

dragonspeak n
smoczy język

dragoon /dɹæ-/ /dɹəˈɡun/ /dɹəˈɡuːn/ dragoons n
dragon
(by extension) Originally (historical) , a soldier armed with a dragoon musket (sense 1.1) who fought both on foot and mounted on a horse; now, a cavalier or horse soldier from a regiment formerly armed with such muskets.
A variety of pigeon, originally a cross between a horseman and a tumbler.

dragée /dɹæˈʒeɪ/ dragées n
draża drażetka
A sweet or confection, originally used to administer drugs, medicine, etc.

drain /dɹeɪn/ /dɹiːn/ [d͡ʒɹeɪn] drains n
dren
(electronics) One terminal of a field effect transistor (FET).

drain /dɹeɪn/ /dɹiːn/ [d͡ʒɹeɪn] v
osuszyć
(transitive, ergative) To convert a perennially wet place into a dry one.

drainage basin drainage basins n
dorzecze zlewnia
(hydrology) A topographic region in which all water drains to a common outlet; a watershed.

draining board draining boards n
ociekacz
A board beside a kitchen sink, designed to drain into the sink, used for letting kitchen utensils dry after they had been washed.

drainless adj
bezodpływowy

drainpipe drainpipes n
rynna (odpływowa)
A verticle pipe carrying water from the roof gutter down the side of a building; downspout.

draisine draisines n
drezyna
(rail transport) A light auxiliary rail vehicle (train) or tram.

drake /dɹeɪk/ drakes n
kaczor
A male duck.

drama /ˈdɹeɪmə/ /ˈdɹæmə/ /ˈdɹɑmə/ /ˈdɹɑːmə/ dramas dramata n
dramat
(countable) A composition, normally in prose, telling a story and intended to be represented by actors impersonating the characters and speaking the dialogue
(uncountable) Theatrical plays in general.
(uncountable, countable) A situation in real life that has the characteristics of such a theatrical play.

drama king drama kings n
aferzysta

drama queen drama queens n
aferzystka
(idiomatic, informal, pejorative) An overly or exaggeratedly dramatic person.

dramatic /dɹəˈmætɪk/ more dramatic most dramatic adj
dramatyczny
Of or relating to the drama.
Striking in appearance or effect.

dramatically more dramatically most dramatically adv
dramatycznie
In a dramatic manner.

dramatize v
dramatyzować
to present something in a dramatic or melodramatic manner

dramaturge dramaturges n
dramatopisarz dramaturg dramatopisarka dramaturżka
(rare, theater) Someone who writes or adapts theater plays, a playwright, dramatist, especially one connected with a specific theater or company.

dramaturgic /ˈdɹæm.ə.tɚ.dʒɪk/ /ˌdɹæm.əˈtəː.dʒɪk/ /ˌdɹɑ.məˈtɚ.dʒɪk/ /ˌdɹɑː.məˈtəː.dʒɪk/ more dramaturgic most dramaturgic adj
dramaturgiczny
Of or relating to the art of dramatic composition for the stage.

dramaturgy /ˈdɹæməˌtɜː(ɹ)d͡ʒi/ dramaturgies n
dramatopisarstwo dramaturgia
(theater) The art of dramatic composition for the stage.

dramedy dramedies n
komediodramat
(uncountable) A genre of film or television that lies somewhere between drama and comedy.
(countable) A film or television programme belonging to this genre.

drastic /ˈdɹæs.tɪk/ /ˈdɹɑːs.tɪk/ more drastic most drastic adj
drastyczny
Having a strong or far-reaching effect; extreme, severe.

draught /dɹæft/ /dɹɑːft/ draughts n
warcabowy
bierka pion pionek warcab
(British) A checker: a game piece used in the game of draughts.

draught animal draught animals n
zwierzę pociągowe
A strong working animal used to draw a load like a cart, a plough etc., as opposed to a mount.

draughts /dɹæfts/ /dɹɑːfts/ n
warcaby
(board games, British, Australian, uncountable) A board game for two players in which the players each have a set number of pieces (typically 12 or 20, depending on the rule set), known as men, and the object is to capture each of the opponent's pieces by jumping one's own pieces over the opponent's pieces.

draughtsman /ˈdɹɑːftsmən/ draughtsmen n
kreślarka kreślarz
A person skilled at drawing engineering or architectural plans.

draw /dɹɑ/ /dɹɔ/ /dɹɔː/ [d͡ʒɹɔ] [d͡ʒɹɔɹ] draws n
losowanie
The procedure by which the result of a lottery is determined.
remis
Draft: flow through a flue of gasses (smoke) resulting from a combustion process, possibly adjustable with a damper.
(poker) A situation in which one or more players has four cards of the same suit or four out of five necessary cards for a straight and requires a further card to make their flush or straight.

draw /dɹɑ/ /dɹɔ/ /dɹɔː/ [d͡ʒɹɔ] [d͡ʒɹɔɹ] v
wyrywać wyciągać
(intransitive, now, rare) To pull something along; to have force to move anything by pulling. [from 14th c.]
(transitive) To pull (a plough, vehicle etc.); to cause (something) to move forwards by pulling it. [from 11th c.]
To pull out, unsheathe (a sword, firearm etc.). [from 12th c.]
zasuwać
To pull (a curtain, blinds etc.) open or closed. [from 13th c.]
pociągać polegać
To cause (someone) to come to a particular place, condition, or course of action; to attract (a person). [from 12th c.]
polegać
(intransitive) To have a draught; to allow air to be passed through in order to allow for combustion. [from 18th c.]
(intransitive, transitive) To steep; to leave (tea) temporarily in water to allow the flavour to increase. [from 18th c.]
To elicit information from (someone); to induce (a person) to speak on some subject. (Now frequently in passive.) [from 19th c.]
remisować
(transitive, or, intransitive) To end a game in a draw (with neither side winning). [from 17th c.]
rysować narysować ciągnąć los
To conduct (a lottery); to select (the numbers) for a lottery; to win (a prize) in a lottery. [from 16th c.]
wyciągać wniosek
To deduce or infer (a conclusion); to make (a deduction). [from 16th c.]

draw a blank v
mieć pustkę w głowie
(idiom) To be unable to recall a required piece of information.

draw and quarter v
poćwiartować ćwiartować
(transitive, historical) To execute (someone) by castration, disembowelling, beheading and quartering.

draw attention v
zwracać uwagę zwrócić uwagę
to rouse someone to notice something, to cause someone to focus on something.

draw lots v
losować wylosować

draw one's last breath v
wycisnąć ostatni dech
(idiomatic) To die.

draw straws v
ciągnąć losy
To decide at random by drawing (selecting randomly between) straws, sticks, etc., one of which differs from the others (typically by being shorter), held in a person's hand so as to conceal which is the different one. Typically, whoever draws the short straw must complete some undesirable task. Alternatively, whoever draws the longest straw gets a desired position.

draw up v
sporządzić
(transitive) To compose (a document), especially following a standard form; prepare a plan.

drawback /ˈdɹɔːˌbæk/ drawbacks n
wada
A disadvantage; something that detracts or takes away.

drawbridge /ˈdɹɔːbɹɪd͡ʒ/ drawbridges n
most zwodzony
A hinged bridge which can be raised (to prevent its being crossed, as across a moat, or to allow watercraft to travel beneath it).

drawer /dɹɔɹ/ /dɹɔː(ɹ)/ /ˈdɹɑ.ɚ/ /ˈdɹɔ.ɚ/ /ˈdɹɔɹɚ/ /ˈdɹɔː.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈdɹɔːɹə(ɹ)/ drawers n
szuflada
An open-topped box that can be slid in and out of the cabinet that contains it, used for storing clothing or other articles.
rysownik
Agent noun of draw; one who draws.
An artist who primarily makes drawings.

drawing /ˈdɹɑ.ɪŋ/ /ˈdɹɔː.ɪŋ/ /ˈdɹɔːɹɪŋ/ drawings n
rysunek
A picture, likeness, diagram or representation, usually drawn on paper.
Such acts practiced as a graphic art form.
losowanie
An act or event in which the outcome (e.g., designating a winner) is selected by chance in the form of a blind draw, notably of lots; especially such a contest in which a winning name or number is selected randomly by removing (or drawing) it from a container, popularly a hat.

drawing board /ˈdʒɹɔɪŋ bɔːd/ /ˈdʒɹɔɪŋ bɔːɹd/ drawing boards n
deska kreślarska
A plane surface or table to which paper can be fastened for drawing purposes.

drawing knife drawing knives n
ośnik
A knife with a handle at each end, used for shaving hoops for barrels by drawing it towards oneself.

dreaded /ˈdɹɛ.dəd/ /ˈdɹɛ.dɪd/ more dreaded most dreaded adj
straszny
Causing fear, dread, or terror.

dreadlocks /ˈdɹɛdlɒks/ /ˈdɹɛdˌlɑks/ n
dredy
A hairstyle worn by Rastafarians and others in which the hair is left to grow long, and twisted into matted strings.

dreadnought /ˈdɹɛd.nɔt/ dreadnoughts n
drednot
(informal) Any type of warship heavier in armour or armament than a typical battleship.

dream /dɹiːm/ [d̠͡ɹ̠˔ʷɪi̯m] [d͡ʒɹiːm] dreams n
sen sny
Imaginary events seen in the mind while sleeping.
marzenie sen
(figurative) A hope or wish.

dream /dɹiːm/ [d̠͡ɹ̠˔ʷɪi̯m] [d͡ʒɹiːm] v
śnić marzyć
(intransitive) To see imaginary events in one's mind while sleeping.
marzyć śnić
(intransitive) To hope, to wish.

dream come true dreams come true n
spełnienie marzeń spełnione marzenie
Something which has long been desired or hoped for and which has finally happened.

dream up v
wyśnić zmyślić
To have an imaginative, unusual or foolish idea, to invent something unreal.

dreamcatcher dreamcatchers n
łapacz snów
A decorative Native American object in the form of a hoop and net with attachments such as feathers, traditionally believed by the Ojibwa to “filter out” bad dreams.

dreamer /ˈdɹimɚ/ /ˈdɹiːmə/ [d͡ʒɹimɚ] dreamers n
marzyciel
One who dreams.
marzyciel marzycielka
Someone whose beliefs are far from realistic.

dreamland dreamlands n
kraina snów
An imaginary world experienced while dreaming.

dreamlike more dreamlike most dreamlike adj
oniryczny
Like something from a dream; having a sense of vagueness, insubstantiality, or incongruousness.

dredge /dɹɛd͡ʒ/ v
bagrować wybagrować
To bring something to the surface with a dredge.

dredger /ˈdɹɛdʒ.ə(ɹ)/ dredgers n
bagier bagrownica draga pogłębiarka
(nautical) A vessel equipped for the removal of sand or sediment from the seabed.
A container with a perforated lid, used to sprinkle sugar or flour.

dredgerman dredgermen n
bagrzysta

dreg /dɹɛɡ/ dregs n
osad
Sediment in a liquid.

dregs /dɹɛɡz/ n
fusy
(collectively) The sediment settled at the bottom of a liquid; the lees in a container of unfiltered wine.

dreidel /ˈdɹeɪdl̩/ dreidels n
drejdel
A four-sided spinning top, inscribed with the four Hebrew letters נ, ג, ה, and ש (or פ) on each side, often used to play a traditional game during the Jewish festival of Hanukkah.

dress /dɹɛs/ dresses n
sukienka suknia
An item of clothing (usually worn by a woman or young girl) which both covers the upper part of the body and includes a skirt below the waist.
strój ubiór
Apparel or clothing, especially when appropriate for a particular occasion, profession, etc.

dress /dɹɛs/ v
odziewać ubierać odziać ubrać
(agriculture, horticulture) To cultivate or tend to (a garden, land, plants, etc.); especially, to add fertilizer or manure to (soil); to fertilize, to manure.
(sports) Of a sportsperson: to put on the uniform and have the equipment needed to play a sport.
To put on clothes.
opatrywać opatrzyć
To apply a dressing to or otherwise treat (a wound); (obsolete) to give (a wounded person) medical aid. [from 15th c.]
ubierać odziewać odziać ubrać
(also, reflexive, and, figuratively) To put clothes (or, formerly, armour) on (oneself or someone, a doll, a mannequin, etc.); to clothe. [from 15th c.]

dress code dress codes n
dress code
A formal specification of acceptable attire for a specific event or location.

dress rehearsal dress rehearsals n
próba generalna
A rehearsal prior to a public spectacle, where all the performers are in costume, in order to test all aspects of the production by closely reproducing the actual conditions of a performance.

dress shirt dress shirts n
koszula frakowa
A collared shirt with buttons worn as part of a formal, business or business casual outfit.

dress up v
stroić wystrajać wystroić
(intransitive) To put on special or fancy clothes.
przebierać się przebrać się
(intransitive, often with 'as') To put on a costume portraying oneself as a particular type of character or well-known person.
ubierać ubrać
(transitive) To present in a favorable light.

dressage /ˈdɹɛs.ɑːʒ/ dressages n
ujeżdżenie
(uncountable) An equestrian sport in which the horse and rider perform a test of specific movements in an arena, and are judged on the horse's obedience, acceptance of the bridle and of the rider's aids, gaits, impulsion, and the harmony between horse and rider.

dressed up more dressed up most dressed up adj
przebrany wystrojony
Wearing a costume.

dresser /ˈdɹɛsə/ dressers n
kredens
An item of kitchen furniture, like a cabinet with shelves, for storing crockery or utensils.

dressing /ˈdɹɛsɪŋ/ dressings n
opatrunek
(medicine) Material applied to a wound for protection or therapy.
dressing
(cooking) A sauce, especially a cold one for salads.

dressing gown /ˈdɹɛsɪŋ ɡaʊn/ dressing gowns n
podomka szlafrok
(UK, Ireland) An item of clothing often made from cotton or another absorbent material, in the form of a long open robe with a belt to tie it around the middle and fasten it securely; often worn over pyjamas.

dressing room /ˈd(ʒ)ɹɛsɪŋ ɹum/ /ˈdɹɛsɪŋ ɹuːm/ /ˈdɹɛsɪŋ ɹʊm/ dressing rooms n
garderoba
A small room adjoining a domestic bedroom where people may dress or undress in privacy.

dressing table dressing tables n
toaletka pudreza
A low table or chest of drawers with a mirror at which one sits while dressing, applying makeup or similar tasks.

dressmaker /ˈdɹɛsˌmeɪkɚ/ dressmakers n
krawcowa
A person who makes tailor-made women's clothes.

dribble /dɹɪ.bl̩/ /ˈdɹɪ.b(ə)l/ /ˈdɹɪ.bəl/ /ˈdɹɪ.bɫ̩/ v
kozłować
(basketball, soccer) In various ball games, to move (with) the ball, controlling its path by kicking or bouncing it repeatedly.

dried /dɹaɪd/ [d͡ʒɹaɪd] adj
suszony
Without water or moisture, said of something that has previously been wet or moist; resulting from the process of drying.
Usually of foods: cured, preserved by drying.

dried fruit dried fruits n
bakalie
Small fruit that has been preserved by drying.

drift /dɹɪft/ drifts n
zaspa
A mass of matter which has been driven or forced onward together in a body, or thrown together in a heap, etc., especially by wind or water.
dryft
The act or motion of drifting; the force which impels or drives; an overpowering influence or impulse.
The tendency of an act, argument, course of conduct, or the like; object aimed at or intended; intention; hence, also, import or meaning of a sentence or discourse; aim.

drift /dɹɪft/ v
dryfować
(intransitive) To move slowly, especially pushed by currents of water, air, etc.

drill /dɹɪl/ [dɹɪɫ] drills n
drelich
A strong, durable cotton fabric with a strong bias (diagonal) in the weave.
wiertarka wiertło
The portion of a drilling tool that drives the bit.
musztra
An activity done as an exercise or practice (especially a military exercise), particularly in preparation for some possible future event or occurrence.

drill /dɹɪl/ [dɹɪɫ] v
wiercić borować świdrować
(transitive) To create (a hole) by removing material with a drill (tool).
musztrować ćwiczyć
(ergative) To cause to drill (practice); to train in military arts.

drill sergeant drill sergeants n
instruktor musztry
(military) drill instructor

drink /dɹɪŋk/ [d̠ɹ̠˔ʷɪŋk] drinks n
napój
A type of beverage (usually mixed).
napój drink
A (served) alcoholic beverage.
picie pić
The action of drinking, especially with the verbs take or have.
trunki napój
Alcoholic beverages in general.

drink /dɹɪŋk/ [d̠ɹ̠˔ʷɪŋk] v
pić napić się
(ambitransitive) To consume (a liquid) through the mouth.
(intransitive) To consume alcoholic beverages.

drink like a fish v
pić jak szewc
(simile) To drink (especially alcohol) heavily and in excess.

drink up v
napić się wypić zerować
To finish one's drink.

drinkable more drinkable most drinkable adj
pitny
(of water) Safe to drink.

drinking /ˈdɹɪŋkɪŋ/ drinkings n
picie
An act or session by which drink is consumed, especially alcoholic beverages.

drinking game drinking games n
gra do picia
(games) A game (often a logic or memory game) which involves the drinking of alcohol, usually as a penalty for making mistakes, as the intoxication makes the game harder to play.

drinking horn drinking horns n
róg do picia
(chiefly, _, historical) A drinking vessel fashioned from an animal's horn.

drinking straw drinking straws n
słomka
A long tube (usually made out of plastic or paper) through which a beverage is drunk via suction.

drinking water drinking waters n
woda pitna woda do picia woda zdatna do picia
Water that is suitable or intended for ingestion by humans.

drip /dɹɪp/ drips n
kropla
A drop of a liquid.
kroplówka
(medicine) An apparatus that slowly releases a liquid, especially one that intravenously releases drugs into a patient's bloodstream.

drip /dɹɪp/ v
kapać
(intransitive) To fall one drop at a time.
ciec przeciekać
(intransitive) To leak slowly.
nakapać
(transitive) To let fall in drops.

drivable /ˈdɹaɪvəbl̩/ more drivable most drivable adj
przejezdny
Capable of being driven on safely or successfully (as a road or other surface).

drive /dɹaɪv/ [d̠ɹ̠ ̝ʷaɪv] [d͡ʒɹaɪv] drives n
przejażdżka
A trip made in a vehicle (now generally in a motor vehicle).
napęd stacja dysków
(computer hardware) An apparatus for reading and writing data to or from a mass storage device such as a disk.
napęd stacja
(computer hardware) A mass storage device in which the mechanism for reading and writing data is integrated with the mechanism for storing data.

drive /dɹaɪv/ [d̠ɹ̠ ̝ʷaɪv] [d͡ʒɹaɪv] v
gnać
To cause intrinsic motivation through the application or demonstration of force: to impel or urge onward thusly, to compel to move on, to coerce, intimidate or threaten.
(transitive) (especially of animals) To impel or urge onward by force; to push forward; to compel to move on.
wbijać wbić
(transitive) To move (something) by hitting it with great force.
prowadzić kierować
(transitive, ergative) To operate (a wheeled motorized vehicle).
(transitive) To convey (a person, etc.) in a wheeled motorized vehicle.

drivel /dɹɪv.əl/ drivels n
bełkot
Nonsense; senseless talk.

drivel /dɹɪv.əl/ v
bajać bajdurzyć
To talk nonsense; to talk senselessly; to drool.

driveless adj
beznapędowy
Without a (mechanical or computer) drive.

driver /ˈdɹaɪ.və(ɹ)/ /ˈdɹaɪvɚ/ drivers n
kierowca szofer automobilista automobilistka
A person who drives a motorized vehicle such as a car or a bus.
sterownik drajwer driver
(computing) A device driver; a program that acts as an interface between an application and hardware, written specifically for the device it controls.

driver's license driver's licenses n
prawo jazdy prawko
(American spelling) A document issued to a specific person by a government authority, permitting this person to drive one or more classes of motor vehicle on public roads and highways, often used as an identification document.

driver's seat driver's seats n
siedzenie kierowcy
(chiefly, US) The seat in a vehicle where the driver sits.

driveway driveways n
podjazd do domu
(UK, US) A short private road that leads to a house or garage.

driving /ˈdɹaɪvɪŋ/ more driving most driving adj
napędowy
That drives (a mechanism or process).

driving /ˈdɹaɪvɪŋ/ drivings n
jazda
In particular, the action of operating a motor vehicle.

driving force driving forces n
siła napędowa
The force that causes something to move or a physical process to occur.

driving school driving schools n
szkoła jazdy
An institution where people learn to drive a land vehicle such as a car or motorcycle.

drizzle /ˈdɹɪz.l/ drizzles n
mżawka
Light rain.
(physics, weather) Very small, numerous, and uniformly dispersed water drops, mist, or sprinkle. Unlike fog droplets, drizzle falls to the ground.

drizzle /ˈdɹɪz.l/ v
mżyć siąpić kropić
(impersonal) To rain lightly.
skropić
(cooking, transitive) To pour slowly and evenly, especially oil or honey in cooking.
sikać
(slang) To urinate.

drollery /ˈdɹəʊləɹi/ drolleries n
komizm zabawność
Comical quality.

dromedary /-dɹi/ /-mə-/ /ˈdrʌ-/ /ˈdɹɑməˌdɛɹi/ /ˈdɹɒmɪdəɹi/ dromedaries n
dromader wielbłąd jednogarbny
The single-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius).

drone /dɹoʊn/ /dɹəʊn/ drones n
truteń
A male ant, bee or wasp, which does not work but can fertilize the queen.
brzęczenie brzęczeć buczenie buczeć
A low-pitched hum or buzz.
burdon bąk piszczałka burdonowa
(musical instrument) One of the fixed-pitch pipes on a bagpipe.
dron bezpilotowiec bezzałogowiec samolot bezzałogowy
(metonymically): An aircraft operated by remote control, especially an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).

drone /dɹoʊn/ /dɹəʊn/ v
mówić monotonnie
To speak in a monotone.

drone on v
marudzić pomarudzić

droning /ˈdɹoʊnɪŋ/ /ˈdɹəʊnɪŋ/ dronings n
buczenie

drool /dɹuːl/ v
ślinić się
(ambitransitive) To secrete saliva, especially in anticipation of food.

drop /dɹɑp/ /dɹɒp/ [d͡ʒɹɑp] drops n
kropla
(also, figuratively) A small quantity of liquid, just large enough to hold its own round shape through surface tension, especially one that falls from a source of liquid.
(pharmacology) A dose of liquid medicine in the form of a drop (sense 1).
(figuratively) A very small quantity of liquid, or (by extension) of anything.
krople
(pharmacology, chiefly, in the plural) A liquid medicine that is intended to be administered in drops (sense 1).
drops
Often preceded by a defining word: a small, round piece of hard candy, such as a lemon drop; a lozenge.
spad
(agriculture) A fruit which has fallen off a tree, etc., or has been knocked off accidentally, rather than picked.
upadek
An act of moving downwards under the force of gravity; a descent, a fall.
spadek obniżenie
The distance through which something drops, or falls below a certain level.
zrzut
A place where items or supplies may be left for others to collect, whether openly (as with a mail drop), or secretly or illegally (as in crime or espionage); a drop-off point.

drop /dɹɑp/ /dɹɒp/ [d͡ʒɹɑp] v
spadać spaść upadać upaść
(intransitive, also, figuratively) To fall (straight down) under the influence of gravity, like a drop of liquid. [from 14th c.]
padnąć
(intransitive) To fall or sink quickly or suddenly to the ground. [from 15th c.]
kapać kapnąć kropić
(intransitive) To collapse in exhaustion or injury; also, to fall dead, or to fall in death.
(intransitive, obsolete) To let drops fall; to discharge itself in drops.
tracić na wartości
(intransitive) To decrease, diminish, or lessen in condition, degree, value, etc. [from 18th c.]
wpadać wpaść
(intransitive) Usually followed by by, in, or into: of a person: to visit someone or somewhere informally or without a prior appointment.
upuszczać
(transitive, ergative, also, figuratively) To let (something) fall; to allow (something) to fall (either by releasing hold of, or losing one's grip on). [from 14th c.]
spuszczać spuścić wrzucić zapodać zarzucić
(transitive) To move to a lower position; to allow to hang downwards; to lower.
ściszać ściszyć
(transitive) To lower (a sound, a voice, etc.) in pitch or volume.
odwołać usuwać wyrzucać
(transitive) To cease to include (something), as if on a list; to dismiss, to eject, to expel.

drop dead interjection
spadaj
Used angrily to express disgust, contempt, derision, etc., toward another person.

drop dead v
padać trupem paść trupem
(intransitive) To die suddenly.

drop in the bucket drops in the bucket n
kropla w morzu kropla w morzu potrzeb
(idiomatic) Something of little importance, especially an inconsequential effort or action as compared to a huge problem.

drop like flies v
padać jak muchy
(simile, of members of a group, especially soldiers) To die en masse, one after the other.

droplet /ˈdɹɑːplət/ /ˈdɹɒplət/ droplets n
kropelka
A very small drop.

dropsy /ˈdrɑp.si/ /ˈdrɒp.si/ dropsies n
puchlina puchlina wodna
(archaic) Edema, swelling.

dropwort dropworts n
wiązówka bulwowa
A perennial herb, Filipendula vulgaris, closely related to meadowsweet.

droshky /ˈdɹɒʃki/ droshkies droshkys n
dorożka
An open horse-drawn carriage, especially in Russia.

drosophila /dɹoʊˈsɑfələ/ /dɹəˈsɑfələ/ drosophilae drosophilas n
drozofila muszka owocowa muszka owocówka octówka wywilżanka wywilżna

dross /dɹɑs/ /dɹɒs/ /dɹɔs/ drosses n
nieczystości odpady
Waste or impure matter.
zgar
A waste product from working with metal.

drought /dɹaʊt/ [dɹʌʊt] droughts n
susza
A period of unusually low rainfall, longer and more severe than a dry spell.

drought-tolerant more drought-tolerant most drought-tolerant adj
suszoodporny
Able to survive long periods of time without rain.

drown /dɹaʊn/ [d̠͡ɹ̠˔ʷaʊn] v
utopić
(transitive) To kill by suffocating in water or another liquid.
utopić tonąć utonąć
(intransitive) To be flooded: to be inundated with or submerged in (literally) water or (figuratively) other things; to be overwhelmed.

drown one's sorrows v
topić smutki
To drink alcohol heavily to deal with miserable feelings.

drowning /ˈdɹaʊnɪŋ/ drownings n
utonięcie
An instance of a person or animal drowning.
An instance of a person or animal being drowned.

drowsiness drowsinesses n
senność ospałość śpiączka

drowsy /ˈdɹaʊzi/ drowsier drowsiest adj
senny ospały
Inclined to drowse; heavy with sleepiness

drudgery /ˈdɹʌd͡ʒəɹi/ drudgeries n
babranina harówka papranina
Exhausting, menial, and tedious work.

drug /dɹʌɡ/ [d̠͡ɹ̠˔ʷʌɡ] drugs n
narkotyk drag
A psychoactive substance, especially one which is illegal and addictive, ingested for recreational use, such as cocaine.

drug /dɹʌɡ/ [d̠͡ɹ̠˔ʷʌɡ] v
narkotyzować się naszprycować naćpać się szprycować ćpać
(transitive) To administer intoxicating drugs to, generally without the recipient's knowledge or consent.
(transitive) To add intoxicating drugs to with the intention of drugging someone.

drug addict drug addicts n
narkoman ćpun narkomanka
A person with a chemical or psychological dependency on a drug, especially one which is illegal or improperly procured.

drug addiction drug addictions n
narkomania
Dependency on drugs, especially which are illegal or improperly procured.

drug dealer drug dealers n
diler dealer dealerka dilerka
One who illegally sells recreational drugs.

drug trafficker drug traffickers n
handlarz narkotykami
A person involved in the smuggling, distribution, and sale of illegal drugs.

drug trafficking n
handel narkotykami
The process of smuggling, distributing and selling illegal drugs.

druglord druglords n
baron narkotykowy
A person who controls a large network of people involved in the illegal drug trade.

druid /ˈdɹuː.ɪd/ druids n
druid druidka
One of an order of priests among certain groups of Celts before the adoption of Abrahamic religions.

druidic /dɹuːˈɪd.ɪk/ more druidic most druidic adj
druidyjski druidzki
Of or relating to the druids.

drum /ˈdɹʌm/ drums n
bęben
A percussive musical instrument spanned with a thin covering on at least one end for striking, forming an acoustic chamber; a membranophone.
Any similar hollow, cylindrical object.
beczka
A barrel or large cylindrical container for liquid transport and storage.

drum /ˈdɹʌm/ v
bębnić
(intransitive) To beat a drum.

drum and bass n
drum and bass
(music) A style of electronic dance music focusing heavily on loud bass and fast-tempo drumbeats.

drum kit drum kits n
perkusja
A collection of drums and other percussion instruments designed to be played together.

drum major drum majors n
tamburmajor
One who conducts and commands a marching band.

drum roll drum rolls n
dźwięk werbla
A sound produced by hitting a drum repeatedly and rhythmically over short intervals.

drumhead court-martial drumhead court-martials n
sąd polowy sąd wojenny
(military) A court-martial held in the field to hear urgent charges of offences committed in action.

drummer /ˈdɹʌmə(ɹ)/ /ˈdɹʌmɚ/ drummers n
bębniarz bębnista dobosz perkusista
(music) One who plays the drums.

drumstick drumsticks n
pałeczka
A stick used to play drums. [from 16th c.]
udko
The second joint of the legbone of a chicken or other fowl, especially as an item of food. [from 17th c.]

drunk /dɹʌŋk/ /d͡ʒɹʌŋk/ drunker drunkest adj
pijany napity nietrzeźwy podpity przepity spity
Intoxicated as a result of excessive alcohol consumption, usually by drinking alcoholic beverages.

drunk /dɹʌŋk/ /d͡ʒɹʌŋk/ drunks n
nietrzeźwa nietrzeźwy
One who is intoxicated with alcohol.
pijak pijaczka menel nietrzeźwa nietrzeźwy
A habitual drinker, especially one who is frequently intoxicated.

drunk as a cunt adj
najebany najebany w cztery dupy pijany w dupę
(simile, vulgar) Extremely drunk.

drunk as a skunk adj
nawalony jak Messerschmitt nawalony jak autobus nawalony jak stodoła pijany jak bela pijany jak szewc pijany jak świnia

drunk driving n
pijana jazda pijane jeżdżenie

drunk tank drunk tanks n
izba wytrzeźwień wytrzeźwiałka
(slang) A cell where people who have been arrested for public drunkenness are detained until they are sober.

drunkenly more drunkenly most drunkenly adv
pijacko
In a drunken manner.

drunkenness /ˈdɹʌŋkən.nəs/ drunkennesses n
pijaństwo
A state of being drunk.

drupe /dɹuːp/ /dɹɪu̯p/ drupes n
pestkowiec
(botany) a kind of fruit, with a fleshy exterior, formed from the exocarp and mesocarp, surrounding a hardened endocarp which protects the seed.

dry /dɹaɪ/ [d̠͡ɹ̠˔aɪ̯] [d̠͡ɹ̠˔ʷaɪ̯] [d͡ʒɹaɪ̯] drier driest dryer dryest adj
suchy
Free from or lacking moisture.
(humor) Amusing without showing amusement.
Lacking interest, boring.
Of a bite from an animal: not containing the usual venom.

dry /dɹaɪ/ [d̠͡ɹ̠˔aɪ̯] [d̠͡ɹ̠˔ʷaɪ̯] [d͡ʒɹaɪ̯] v
suszyć osuszać schnąć wyschnąć wysuszyć wysychać
(transitive, figurative) To exhaust; to cause to run dry.

dry closet dry closets n
sucha toaleta

dry cough dry coughs n
kaszel suchy
Coughing without expectoration of sputum.

dry eye syndrome n
zespół suchego oka
(pathology) The condition of having dry eyes, sometimes accompanied by irritation, redness, discharge, and easily fatigued eyes.

dry ice n
suchy lód
Carbon dioxide frozen in the solid state, used especially as a cooling agent and for the production of fog-like special effects. It sublimes at −78.5 °C (−109.3 °F) at normal atmospheric pressure.

dry mouth n
kserostomia
(medicine) Abnormal dryness of the mouth

dry out v
wysuszać wysuszyć
(transitive) To cause moisture to be completely removed from; to make dry.
wyschnąć wysuszać wysuszyć wysychać
(intransitive) To have excess water evaporate or be otherwise removed; to become dry.

dry season dry seasons n
pora sucha
Any season in which little rain falls; used especially in the tropics where it alternates with the rainy season

dry up v
podsuszać podsuszyć
(transitive) To cause to become dry.

dry valley dry valleys n
dolina sucha
(geology) A valley formed by water erosion, but without a permanent surface watercourse, often found in areas of permeable rock such as chalk or limestone.

dryad /ˈdɹaɪæd/ /ˈdɹaɪəd/ dryads n
driada
(Greek mythology) A female tree spirit.

drydock drydocks n
suchy dok
(nautical) A dock that can be drained of water and is used in the repair and construction of ships.

dryer /ˈdɹaɪə/ /ˈdɹaɪɚ/ [ˈd͡ʒɹaɪɚ] dryers n
suszarka
A household appliance that removes the water from clothing by accelerating evaporation, usually though heat and a tumbling motion.

dryly /ˈdɹaɪ.li/ more dryly most dryly adv
sucho
In a dry manner.

drypoint drypoints n
sucha igła
(uncountable) A technique of intaglio printmaking similar to engraving in which an image is incised into a plate by scratching the surface with a hard, sharp metal (or diamond) point.

drywall drywalls n
płyta gipsowo-kartonowa płyta regipsowa
A building material comprising a sheet of gypsum sandwiched between two pieces of heavy paper, used mainly for interior walls and ceilings.

dual /ˈd(j)u.əl/ /ˈdjuː.əl/ /ˈdʒuː.əl/ adj
podwójny dwoisty
Characterized by having two (usually equivalent) components.
podwójny
Pertaining to two, pertaining to a pair of.
(mathematics, physics) Exhibiting duality.
(linear algebra) Being the space of all linear functionals of (some other space).
(category theory) Being the dual of some other category; containing the same objects but with source and target reversed for all morphisms.
podwójny podwójna
(grammar) Pertaining to a grammatical number in certain languages that refers to two of something, such as a pair of shoes.

dual /ˈd(j)u.əl/ /ˈdjuː.əl/ /ˈdʒuː.əl/ duals n
liczba podwójna
(mathematics) Of a vector in an inner product space, the linear functional corresponding to taking the inner product with that vector. The set of all duals is a vector space called the dual space.

dual number dual numbers n
liczba dualna
(algebra) An element of an algebra (the algebra of dual numbers) which includes the real numbers and an element ε which satisfies ε ≠ 0 and ε² = 0.

dualism dualisms n
dualizm
Duality; the condition of being double.
(theology) The belief that the world is ruled by a pair of antagonistic forces, such as good and evil; the belief that man has two basic natures, the physical and the spiritual.

duality /d(j)uːˈælɪti/ dualities n
dualność dwoistość
A classification into two subclasses or opposed parts.
dualność
(mathematics, physics) The mathematical equivalence of two seemingly different theoretical descriptions of a physical system.

dub /dʌb/ v
dubbingować zdubbingować
To replace the original soundtrack of a film with a synchronized translation

dubbing /ˈdʌbɪŋ/ dubbings n
dubbing
(film) The replacement of a voice part in a film or animation, particularly with a translation, revoicing.

dubious /ˈdjuː.bi.əs/ /ˈdu.bi.əs/ more dubious most dubious adj
wątpliwy
(of a statement, matter, or thing) Arousing doubt; questionable; open to suspicion.
niepewny nieprzekonany
(of a person) In disbelief; wavering, uncertain, or hesitating in opinion; inclined to doubt; undecided.

dubiously more dubiously most dubiously adv
wątpliwie
In a dubious manner.

dubnium /ˈduːbniəm/ /ˈdʌbniəm/ n
dubn
A transuranic chemical element (symbol Db) with atomic number 105.

dubstep /ˈdʌbstɛp/ n
dubstep
A subgenre of electronic dance music descended from 2-step garage that was popular in the early 2010s, characterized by its dark mood, sparse half-step and two-step rhythms, and emphasis on sub-bass.

ducat /ˈdʌkət/ ducats n
dukat
(historical) A gold coin minted by various European nations.

duchess /ˈdʌt͡ʃəs/ /ˈdʌt͡ʃɪs/ duchesses n
księżna
The wife or widow of a duke.
The female ruler of a duchy.

duchy /ˈdʌt͡ʃi/ duchies n
księstwo
A dominion or region ruled by a duke or duchess.

duck /dʌk/ duck ducks n
kaczka
An aquatic bird of the family Anatidae, having a flat bill and webbed feet.
Specifically, an adult female duck; contrasted with drake and with duckling.
(uncountable) The flesh of a duck used as food.

duck /dʌk/ v
schylić się
(intransitive) To quickly lower the head or body, often in order to prevent it from being struck by something.
(transitive) To quickly lower (the head or body), often in order to prevent it from being struck by something.

duckling /ˈdʌklɪŋ/ ducklings n
kaczątko kaczę
A young duck.
A young female duck.

duckweed duckweed duckweeds n
rzęsa
Any of several reduced floating aquatic plants in the subfamily Lemnoideae of the family Araceae.

dud /dʌd/ duds n
bubel fajans tandeta
(informal) A device or machine that is useless because it does not work properly or has failed to work, such as a bomb, or explosive projectile.

dude /duːd/ [dʉːu̯d] dudes n
facet chłop facio gostek gościara gościu
(chiefly, US, Canada, colloquial) A man, generally a younger man.
chłop koleś koleżka stary typek ziomek
(colloquial, used in the vocative) A term of address for someone, typically a man, particularly when cautioning them or offering advice.

duduk duduks n
duduk
(musical instrument) An Armenian woodwind instrument.

due /d(j)uː/ /djuː/ /du/ /dɪu̯/ /dʒuː/ /dʒʉː/ more due most due adj
spodziewany
Scheduled; expected.
należny spodziewany
Having reached the expected, scheduled, or natural time.

due date due dates n
termin termin porodu
The date on which a pregnant woman is expected to give birth.
data zwrotu
The date by which a book (or other item) borrowed from a library must be returned.

due to preposition
przez z powodu ze względu na
Caused by; resulting from; because of.

duel /ˈd(j)uəl/ /ˈdjuːəl/ duels n
pojedynek
Arranged, regular combat between two private persons, often over a matter of honor.
(by extension) Any battle or struggle between two contending persons, forces, groups, or ideas.

duel /ˈd(j)uəl/ /ˈdjuːəl/ v
pojedynkować potykać
To engage in a battle.

duet /djuˈɛt/ /duˈɛt/ duets n
duet duo
(music) A musical composition in two parts, each performed by a single voice (singer, instrument or univoce ensemble).
(music) A song composed for and/or performed by a duo.

duffel coat duffel coats n
budrysówka
A warm, hooded coat, made from duffel, fastened with toggles.

dugong /ˈdjuːɡɒŋ/ /ˈduɡɑŋ/ dugongs n
diugoń
A plant-eating aquatic marine mammal, of the genus Dugong, found in tropical regions.

dugout dugouts n
dłubanka
(nautical) A canoe made from a hollowed-out log.
ziemianka
(military) A pit dug into the ground as a shelter, especially from enemy fire.

duh /dɜː/ /dʌ/ interjection
ba no ba
Disdainful indication that something is obvious.

duiker /ˈdaɪkə/ /ˈdaɪkɚ/ duikers n
dujker
Any of several species of small southern African antelopes of the Cephalophinae subfamily.

duke /d(j)uːk/ /djuːk/ /dʒuːk/ dukes n
książę
The male ruler of a duchy (female equivalent: duchess).
A high title of nobility; the male holder of a dukedom.

dulce de leche /ˌdulseɪ də ˈlɛtʃeɪ/ /ˌdʌlseɪ də ˈlɛtʃeɪ/ n
kajmak
A South American sweet spread made from sugar and boiled milk.

dulcimer /ˈdʌl.sɪ.mə/ /ˈdʌl.sɪ.mɚ/ dulcimers n
cymbały
A stringed instrument, with strings stretched across a sounding board, usually trapezoidal, played by plucking on the strings (traditionally with a quill) or by tapping on them (in the case of the hammer dulcimers).

dull /dʌl/ duller dullest adj
tępy
Lacking the ability to cut easily; not sharp.
Not bright or intelligent; stupid; having slow understanding.
nudny
Boring; not exciting or interesting.
matowy
Not shiny; having a matte finish or no particular luster or brightness.

dull /dʌl/ v
stępić się
(intransitive) To lose a sharp edge; to become dull.
stępić stępić się
To render dim or obscure; to sully; to tarnish.

dull as dishwater adj
nudny jak flaki z olejem
(simile) Boring; ordinary; exceedingly dull.

dullard /ˈdʌləd/ /ˈdʌlɚd/ dullards n
bęcwał ciemniak głupek nudziarz tępak
A stupid person; a fool.

dulse /dʌls/ dulses n
rodymeria palczasta
A seaweed of a reddish-brown color (Palmaria palmata) which is sometimes eaten, as in Scotland.

duly /ˈdjuːli/ /ˈdjʉːli/ /ˈduli/ /ˈdʒuːli/ /ˈdʒʉːli/ more duly most duly adv
należycie
Regularly; at the proper time.

duma /ˈdumə/ dumas n
Duma
A Russian legislative assembly such as the historical duma of the Russian Empire or the modern lower house of the Federal Assembly (the Russian national parliament).

dumb /dʌm/ dumber dumbest adj
debilny bezmyślny durny idiotyczny pustogłowy tępy
(informal, pejorative, especially of a person) Stupid.

dumb blonde dumb blondes n
głupia blondynka
(pejorative) A common stereotype of a blonde as a woman with low intelligence.
(by extension, rare) A man of similar type.

dumbbell /ˈdʌm.bɛl/ dumbbells n
ciężarek hantel
A weight training implement consisting of a short bar with weight counterpoised on each end.
głupek tuman
(pejorative) A stupid person.

dumbfounded more dumbfounded most dumbfounded adj
zbaraniały zdumiony
Shocked and speechless.

dummy /ˈdʌmi/ dummies n
głupek
A figure of a person or animal used by a ventriloquist; a puppet.
kukła manekin
Something constructed with the size and form of a human, to be used in place of a person.
dziadek
A person who is the mere tool of another; a man of straw.
atrapa
A deliberately nonfunctional device or tool used in place of a functional one.

dump /dʌmp/ [dɐm̥p] dumps n
śmietnik
A place where waste or garbage is left; a ground or place for dumping ashes, refuse, etc.; a disposal site.

dump /dʌmp/ [dɐm̥p] v
pozbyć się
(transitive) To discard; to get rid of something one no longer wants.
upuścić
(transitive, computing) To copy (data) from a system to another place or system, usually in order to archive it.
(transitive, obsolete, Scotland) To knock heavily; to stump.
rzucić zerwać
(transitive, informal) To end a romantic relationship with.

dump truck dump trucks n
wywrotka
A heavy truck, for carrying loose, bulk cargo, having a hinged bed that allows the contents to be unloaded onto the ground.

dumping /ˈdʌmpɪŋ/ dumpings n
dumping
Selling goods at less than their normal price, or even at a loss, especially in the export market as a means of securing a monopoly.

dumpling /ˈdʌmp.lɪŋ/ dumplings n
pieróg knedel
By restriction, a food composed of a dough wrapper around a filling.

dumpy /ˈdʌmpi/ dumpier dumpiest adj
przysadzisty
Short and thick; stout or stocky.

dun /dʌn/ adj
płowy
Of a brownish grey colour.

dun /dʌn/ v
przymawiać się przymówić się
(transitive) To harass by continually repeating e.g. a request.

dunce /dʌns/ dunces n
antytalent nieuk

dune /d(j)uːn/ /djuːn/ /dɪu̯n/ /dʒuːn/ dunes n
wydma diuna
(geomorphology) A ridge or hill of sand piled up by the wind.

dung /ˈdʌŋ/ dungs n
gnój nawóz kał
(uncountable) Manure; animal excrement.

dungarees /ˌdʌŋ.ɡəˈɹiːz/ n
ogrodniczki
Heavy denim pants or trousers, usually with bib and braces, worn especially as work clothing.

dungeon /ˈdʌn.d͡ʒən/ dungeons n
loch ciemnica
An underground prison or vault, typically built underneath a castle.
donżon
(obsolete) The main tower of a motte or castle; a keep or donjon.

dunk /dʌŋk/ v
zanurzać zanurzyć
To submerge briefly in a liquid.
hejtować zhejtować
(intransitive, internet slang) To put down on social media [+ on (object)].

dunlin dunlins n
biegus zmienny
A small wading bird, Calidris alpina, found along the coast and having a distinctive black belly patch in its breeding plumage. A type of stint.

dunnart /ˈdʌnə(ɹ)t/ dunnarts n
grubogonik
Any species of the genus Sminthopsis of small carnivorous marsupials that resemble mice or shrews.

dunnock dunnocks n
płochacz pokrzywnica pokrzywnica
A small European and Asian passerine bird, Prunella modularis; the hedge sparrow or hedge warbler.

duodecimal /ˌd(j)uː.əʊ.ˈdɛs.ɪm.əl/ adj
dwunastkowy
(arithmetic) Of a number, expressed in base twelve.

duodenum /ˌdjuːə(ʊ)ˈdiːnəm/ /ˌduəˈdinəm/ /ˌduˈɑdənəm/ duodena duodenums n
dwunastnica
(anatomy) The first part of the small intestine, starting at the lower end of the stomach and extending to the jejunum.

duopoly /djuːˈɒpəli/ /duˈɑpəli/ /duː-/ duopolies n
duopol
(economics) An economic condition in which two sellers exert (most of the) control over the market of a commodity.

duotheism duotheisms n
duoteizm
Belief in the existence of two deities. This often refers to the belief in a god and goddess of roughly equal power, as is the case in Wicca.

duotheist duotheists n
duoteista

dupe /djuːp/ /duːp/ /dʒuːp/ dupes n
naiwniaczek naiwniaczka naiwniak
A person who has been deceived.

dupe /djuːp/ /duːp/ /dʒuːp/ v
oszukiwać
To swindle, deceive, or trick.

duplex /ˈdu.plɛks/ duplexes duplices n
bliźniak
(US, Canada) A house made up of two dwelling units.

duplicate /ˈd(j)uː.plɪ.kət/ /ˈd(j)uː.plɪ.ˌkeɪt/ duplicates n
duplikat
One that resembles or corresponds to another; an identical copy.

duplicitous /djuːˈplɪsətəs/ /djʊˈplɪsɪtəs/ /duːˈplɪsətəs/ more duplicitous most duplicitous adj
dwulicowy
Given to or marked by deliberate deceptiveness in behavior or speech.

duplicity /dju-/ /duˈplɪ.sɪ.ti/ duplicities n
dwulicowość
Intentional deceptiveness; double-dealing.

dura mater /ˈd(j)ʊɹ.ə ˌmeɪ.tɚ/ /ˈd(j)ʊɹ.ə ˌmɑt.ɚ/ /ˌdjʊə.ɹə ˈmeɪ.tə/ dura maters durae matres n
opona twarda
(anatomy) The tough and inflexible outermost of the three layers of the meninges, enveloping the brain and spinal cord.

durability durabilities n
czas życia żywotność
Permanence by virtue of the power to resist stress or force.

duration /djəˈɹeɪʃn̩/ /djʊˈɹeɪʃn̩/ /dəˈɹeɪʃn̩/ /dʒʊˈɹeɪʃn̩/ durations n
czas trwania trwanie
An amount of time or a particular time interval.

durian /ˈdʊə.ɹi.ən/ /ˈdʊə.ɹiˌɑn/ /ˈdʊə.ɹɪən/ /ˈdʒʊə.ɹɪən/ durians n
durian
Any of several trees, genus Durio, of Southeast Asia.
durian zybuczkowiec
The spiky edible fruit of this tree, known for its strong taste and very strong, unpleasant odor.

during /ˈd(j)ɜɹɪŋ/ /ˈd(j)ʊəɹɪŋ/ /ˈdjɔː.ɹɪŋ/ /ˈdjʊə.ɹɪŋ/ /ˈdʒɔːɹɪŋ/ /ˈdʒʊəɹɪŋ/ preposition
podczas w ciągu w czasie w trakcie
For all of a given time interval.
At any time or period within a given time interval.

dusk /dʌsk/ dusks n
zmierzch
The time after the sun has set but when the sky is still lit by sunlight; the evening twilight period.

dusky thrush dusky thrushes n
drozd rdzawoskrzydły
A species of thrush, Turdus eunomus, which breeds eastwards from central Siberia.

dusky tit dusky tits n
sikora ciemna
Melaniparus funereus, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

dusky warbler dusky warblers n
świstunka brunatna
Phylloscopus sibilatrix, a leaf warbler which breeds in East Asia.

dust /dʌst/ dusts n
kurz proch pył
(countable, obsolete) A single fine, dry particle of earth or other material; grain of dust.

dust bunny /ˈdʌst bʌni/ dust bunnies n
kot kłaki kurzu
(US, informal) A small clump of dust, fluff, hair, particles of skin, etc., that tends to accumulate indoors in areas not regularly dusted, such as under heavy furniture.

dust devil /dʌst ˈdɛvəl/ dust devils n
trąba pyłowa
A small atmospheric vortex appearing in clear, dry conditions, made visible by swirling dust picked up from the ground.

dust jacket dust jackets n
obwoluta
(printing, publishing) The detachable paper cover of a book; used to protect the binding, and to provide blurb.

dustless adj
bezpyłowy
That does not generate dust.

dustpan /ˈdʌstpæn/ dustpans n
szufelka śmietniczka
A flat scoop with a short handle, into which dust, dirt and other material is conveyed with a brush or broom.

dustproof more dustproof most dustproof adj
pyłoszczelny
Resistant to dust.

duststorm /ˈdʌst.stɔɹm/ /ˈdʌst.stɔːm/ duststorms n
burza piaskowa burza pyłowa
phenomenon in which gale- to hurricane-force winds blow particles up in a planet's atmosphere.

dusty /ˈdʌsti/ dustier dustiest adj
zakurzony
Covered with dust.
pylisty
Powdery and resembling dust.
zgaszony
Grey or greyish.

dutiful more dutiful most dutiful adj
odpowiedzialny
Pertaining to one's duty; demonstrative of one's sense of duty.

duty /ˈdjuː.ti/ /ˈdu.ti/ /ˈd͡ʒuː.ti/ /ˈd͡ʒʉː.ti/ [ˈdu.ɾi] duties n
obowiązek
That which one is morally or legally obligated to do.
cło
A tax placed on imports or exports; a tariff.
służba
The efficiency of an engine, especially a steam pumping engine, as measured by work done by a certain quantity of fuel; usually, the number of pounds of water lifted one foot by one bushel of coal (94 lbs. old standard), or by 1 cwt. (112 lbs., England, or 100 lbs., United States).

duty calls phraseologicalUnit
obowiązki wzywają
(idiomatic) Expresses that the speaker must go and deal with something.

duty of care duties of care n
należyta staranność
(legal) A legal obligation imposed on an individual requiring that they adhere to a standard of reasonable care while performing any acts that could foreseeably harm others.

duty-free adj
bezcłowy wolnocłowy
Exempt from duty, especially from customs duty.

duvet /d(j)uːˈveɪ/ /ˈd(j)uːveɪ/ duvets n
kołdra pierzyna
(British, New Zealand, Canada) A quilt or usually flat cloth bag with a filling (traditionally down) and usually an additional washable cover, used instead of blankets; often called a comforter or quilt, especially in US English.
poszwa
(US) Short for duvet cover.

dwarf /dwɔɹf/ /dwɔːf/ dwarfer dwarfest adj
karłowaty
(especially in, _, botany) Miniature.

dwarf /dwɔɹf/ /dwɔːf/ dwarfs dwarves n
karzeł krasnolud krasnoludek skrzat
(mythology) Any member of a race of beings from (especially Scandinavian and other Germanic) folklore, usually depicted as having some sort of supernatural powers and being skilled in crafting and metalworking, often as short with long beards, and sometimes as clashing with elves.
karzeł krasnolud
(now, sometimes, _, offensive) A person of short stature, often one whose limbs are disproportionately small in relation to the body as compared with typical adults, usually as the result of a genetic condition.
(star) A dwarf star.
karzeł
An animal, plant or other thing much smaller than the usual of its sort.

dwarf elder dwarf elders n
bez hebd
A small European herbaceous perennial elder, species Sambucus ebulus.

dwarf planet dwarf planets n
planeta karłowata
(astronomy) A planetary (world-like) body of the Solar system, that directly orbits the Sun like the classical planets but does not gravitationally dominate other bodies in the region of its orbit.

dwarfish more dwarfish most dwarfish adj
karli karłowaty
Like a dwarf; being especially small or stunted.

dwarfism /ˈdwɔɹfɪzəm/ /ˈdwɔːfɪzəm/ dwarfisms n
karłowatość
The condition of being a dwarf (person of short stature).

dwell /dwɛl/ v
mieszkać zamieszkiwać
(intransitive, now, _, literary) To live; to reside.

dwelling /ˈdwɛl.ɪŋ/ dwellings n
mieszkanie
A house or place in which a person lives; a habitation, a home.

dwindle /ˈdwɪn.dəl/ v
umniejszać
(intransitive) To decrease, shrink, diminish, reduce in size or intensity.

dyad /ˈdaɪ.æd/ dyads n
diada para
A set of two elements treated as one; a pair.
(music) Any set of two different pitch classes.

dye /daɪ/ dyes n
farba barwnik barwidło
A colourant, especially one that has an affinity to the substrate to which it is applied.

dye /daɪ/ v
barwić farbować
(transitive) To colour with dye, or as if with dye.

dyeability dyeabilities n
barwliwość

dyeable more dyeable most dyeable adj
barwliwy
Able to be dyed.

dyed /daɪd/ more dyed most dyed adj
barwiony farbowany
Coloured or tinted with dye, or as though therewith.

dyer /ˈdaɪə/ /ˈdaɪɚ/ dyers n
barwiarka farbiarka farbiarz barwiarz
One who dyes, especially one who dyes cloth etc. as an occupation.

dyery dyeries n
farbiarnia
A factory where fabric is dyed.

dyestuff dyestuffs n
barwnik
Any soluble pigment used for dyeing the hair, fabric, etc.

dying /ˈdaɪ.ɪŋ/ adj
umierający
Pertaining to death, or the moments before death.

dyke /daɪk/ dykes n
lesba
dajka
(geology) A body of rock (usually igneous) originally filling a fissure but now often rising above the older stratum as it is eroded away.

dynamic /daɪˈnæm.ɪk/ more dynamic most dynamic adj
dynamiczny
Changing; active; in motion.
Powerful; energetic.
Able to change and adapt.

dynamic IP address dynamic IP addresses n
dynamiczne IP dynamiczny adres IP
(telecommunications) An IP address which changes periodically, when each time a user connects to their internet service provider.

dynamic IP addressing n
dynamiczne adresowanie IP
(Internet) The use of a dynamic IP address.

dynamically more dynamically most dynamically adv
dynamicznie
Of a dynamic nature; variable or constantly changing nature.

dynamics n
dynamika
(physics) The branch of mechanics that is concerned with the effects of forces on the motion of objects.

dynamite /ˈdaɪ.nəˌmaɪt/ /ˈdɪ.nəˌmaɪt/ dynamites n
dynamit
A class of explosives made from nitroglycerine in an absorbent medium such as kieselguhr, used in mining and blasting.
laska dynamitu
(informal, proscribed) A stick of trinitrotoluene (TNT).

dynamo- prefix
dynamo-

dynasty /ˈdaɪnəsti/ /ˈdɪnəsti/ dynasties n
dynastia
A series of rulers or dynasts from one family.

dyothelism n
dioteletyzm
(Christianity, theology) The doctrine of two wills (human and divine) in Christ.

dys- prefix
dys-

dyscalculia /ˌdɪskælˈkjuːli.ə/ dyscalculias n
dyskalkulia dyskalkulia rozwojowa
(pathology) A learning disability characterized by significantly below average mathematical ability.

dysentery /ˈdɪs.ən.tə.ɹi/ /ˈdɪs.ən.tɹi/ /ˈdɪs.ənˌtɛɹ.i/ dysenteries n
dyzenteria czerwonka
(pathology) A disease characterised by inflammation of the intestines, especially the colon (large intestine), accompanied by pus (white blood cells) in the feces, fever, pain in the abdomen, high-volume diarrhea, and possible blood in the feces.

dysergia n
dysergia

dysfunction /dɪsˈfʌŋk.ʃən/ dysfunctions n
dysfunkcja
(mostly, medical) A failure to function in an expected or complete manner. Usually refers to a disorder in a bodily organ (e.g. erectile dysfunction), a mental disorder, or the improper behavior of a social group.

dysfunctional more dysfunctional most dysfunctional adj
dysfunkcjonalny dysfunkcyjny
Not performing its proper or intended function.
Functioning incorrectly or abnormally; especially, designating of a business, family or social group with harmful, aberrant, strange or abnormal behavior.

dysfunctionality dysfunctionalities n
patologia
(uncountable) The condition of being dysfunctional.

dysgraphia dysgraphias n
dysgrafia agrafia
A language disorder that affects a person's ability to write.

dyslexia /dɪsˈlɛk.si.ə/ dyslexias n
dysleksja
(neurology, pathology) A learning disability characterized by reading and writing difficulties.

dysmelia dysmelias n
dysmelia
Any congenital disorder of the limbs, such as amelia or syndactyly.

dyspeptic /dɪsˈpɛp.tɪk/ more dyspeptic most dyspeptic adj
dyspeptyczny niestrawny
(pathology, not comparable) Of, relating to, or having dyspepsia or indigestion.
nieznośny
(figuratively, comparable) Irritable or morose.

dyspeptic /dɪsˈpɛp.tɪk/ dyspeptics n
cierpiący na niestrawność dyspeptyk
A dyspeptic person.

dysphagia /dɪsˈfeɪ̯d͡ʒ(i⟩ə/ /dɪsˈfeɪ̯ʒ(i)ə/ dysphagias n
dysfagia
(pathology) Difficulty in swallowing.

dysphemism /ˈdɪs.fəˌmɪ.z(ə)m/ dysphemisms n
dysfemizacja
(uncountable) The use of a word or phrase carrying negative connotations or imagery (especially one that is derogatory, offensive or vulgar) to replace a (more) neutral original.
dysfemizm
(countable) A word or phrase that is used to replace another in this way.

dysphoria /dɪsˈfɔːɹi.ə/ dysphorias n
dysforia
A state of feeling unwell or unhappy; a feeling of emotional and mental discomfort and suffering from restlessness, malaise, depression, or anxiety.

dysphoric more dysphoric most dysphoric adj
dysforyczny
Pertaining to dysphoria, or of being in a state of dysphoria.

dysplasia /dɪsˈpleɪ.ʒə/ dysplasias n
dysplazja
(pathology) Abnormal development of cells or tissue, often a precancerous stage of growth.

dyspnea /dɪspˈniː.ə/ /ˈdɪsp.ni.ə/ dyspneas n
duszność jaducha zadyszka
(pathology) Difficult or laboured respiration; shortness of breath.

dyspraxia /dɪsˈpɹæksiə/ dyspraxias n
dyspraksja
(neurology) A genetic neurological disorder where a person has motor skills severely below average due to their brain's inability to consistently send messages accurately to the body for the planning of motor movements.

dysprosium /dɪsˈpɹoʊ.zi.əm/ n
dysproz
A metallic chemical element (symbol Dy) with atomic number 66: a rare earth element with a metallic silver lustre.

dystopia /dɪs.ˈtoʊ.pi.ə/ /dɪs.ˈtəʊ.pi.ə/ /dɪsˈtɐʉpiə/ dystopia dystopiae dystopias n
dystopia antyutopia
A vision of a future that is a corrupted (usually beyond recognition) utopian society.

dystrophy /ˈdɪstɹəfi/ dystrophies n
dystrofia
A wasting of body tissues, of either genetic origin or due to inadequate or defective nutrition.

dzhigit dzhigits n
dżygit
A skilled horseman in the Caucasus and Central Asia.
(Caucasus, Central Asia) A brave man in general.

décolletage /dɪˈkɒlətɑːʒ/ décolletages n
dekolt głęboki dekolt
A low neckline on a woman's dress, especially one that reveals or emphasizes her cleavage.
The portion of a woman's body that is revealed by a low neckline; the upper chest, as well, sometimes, as the neck, and shoulders.

déjà vu /ˌdeɪ.ʒɑː ˈvuː/ n
déjà vu
Loosely or humorously, anything one has done before or is being repeated.

détente /deɪˈtɑnt/ /deɪˈtɒnt/ /dɪˈtɑnt/ détentes n
détente
(chiefly, _, politics) A relaxing of tension, especially between countries.

e pluribus unum proverb
z wielu jeden
"out of many, one" or "from many, one" (alternatively translated as "one out of many" or "one from many”)

e- /i-/ prefix
e-

e-banking n
bankowość elektroniczna e-banking
(banking) Banking carried out electronically, as for example over the Internet.

e-bike /ˈiː.baɪk/ e-bikes n
e-rower rower elektryczny
(informal) A bicycle powered by an electric motor

e-book e-books n
e-book e-książka eBook ebook książka elektroniczna
Electronic book, a book published in electronic form.

e-commerce n
handel elektroniczny handel internetowy
(Internet, business) Commercial activity conducted via the Internet.

e-mail address e-mail addresses n
adres poczty elektronicznej adres mailowy adres mejlowy
A unique identifier of the form user name@domain name specifying a virtual location to which e-mail can be sent.

e-newsletter e-newsletters n
newsletter
A newsletter published in electronic form.

e-paper n
e-papier

e-reader e-readers n
czytnik e-booków czytnik e-książek czytnik ebooków czytnik książek elektronicznych e-czytnik
A hardware device used to read e-books.

e-scooter e-scooters n
hulajnoga elektryczna

e.g. /fɔɹ‿ɪɡˈzæmpəl/ /fɔːɹ‿ɪɡˈzɑːmpəl/ /ˌiˈd͡ʒi/ /ˌiːˈdʒiː/ adv
np.
An initialism used to introduce an illustrative example or short list of examples: for the sake of an example; for example.

each /it͡ʃ/ /iːt͡ʃ/ adv
każde każdy
For one; apiece; per.

each /it͡ʃ/ /iːt͡ʃ/ determiner
każdy
All; every; qualifying a singular noun, indicating all examples of the thing so named seen as individual or separate items (compare every).

each and every determiner
wszyscy bez wyjątku wszystkie bez wyjątku
Each without exception; used for emphasis.

each other /iˈtʃʌðɚ/ /iːˈtʃʌðə/ pronoun
nawzajem jeden drugiego jeden drugiemu
(reciprocal pronoun) To one another; one to the other; signifies that a verb applies to two or more entities both as subjects and as direct objects:

eager /ˈiɡɚ/ /ˈiːɡə/ /ˈɪɡə/ /ˈɪɡɚ/ eagerer eagerest more eager most eager adj
gorliwy chętny niecierpliwy ochoczy przejęty skwapliwy
(comptheory) Not employing lazy evaluation; calculating results immediately, rather than deferring calculation until they are required.

eagerly /ˈiɡɚli/ /ˈiːɡəli/ more eagerly most eagerly adv
chętnie gorliwie niecierpliwie ochoczo skwapliwie z niecierpliwością
In an eager manner.

eagle /ˈiːɡəl/ /ˈɪɡəl/ eagles n
orzeł bielik
Any of several large carnivorous and carrion-eating birds in the family Accipitridae, having a powerful hooked bill and keen vision.
dziesięciodolarówka
(US, numismatics, historical) A gold coin with a face value of ten dollars, formerly used in the United States.

eagle eye eagle eyes n
jastrzębi wzrok jastrzębie oko orli wzrok sokole oko sokoli wzrok
(figuratively) Someone with a keen eye for detail.

eagle owl /ˈiːɡəl ˈɑʊl/ eagle owls n
puchacz
Any of various Old World large owls of the genus Bubo, especially the Eurasian eagle owl, Bubo bubo, that have prominent ear tufts.

eagle-eyed more eagle-eyed most eagle-eyed adj
orlooki
Having great visual acuity, especially the ability to see at a distance.
Keenly perceptive.

eaglet eaglets n
orlątko orlę
The immature young of an eagle; an eagle chick.

ear /iə̯/ /ɪə̯/ /ɪɚ/ /ˈiɹ/ [iːə̯] [ɪə̯~eə̯] [ɪə̯~ɪɐ̯] [ɪː] ears n
ucho
(countable) The organ of hearing, consisting of the pinna, auditory canal, eardrum, malleus, incus, stapes and cochlea.
(countable) The external part of the organ of hearing, the auricle.
The sense of hearing; the perception of sounds; skill or good taste in listening to music.
kłos
(countable) The fruiting body of a grain plant.
konfident szpicel
(countable, slang) A police informant.

ear /iə̯/ /ɪə̯/ /ɪɚ/ /ˈiɹ/ [iːə̯] [ɪə̯~eə̯] [ɪə̯~ɪɐ̯] [ɪː] v
orać
(archaic) To plough.

ear canal ear canals n
przewód słuchowy zewnętrzny
(anatomy) The tube or meatus running from the outer ear to the eardrum through which sound enters.

ear lobe ear lobes n
małżowina
The fleshy patch of skin below the ear tuft of a chicken.

ear training n
kształcenie słuchu

earache /ˈiɹeɪk/ /ˈɪə̯ɹeɪk/ earaches n
ból ucha otalgia
(medicine) A pain in the middle or inner ear.

earbone earbones n
kosteczka słuchowa
(anatomy) Any bone in the ear.

earcap earcaps n
nausznik
A cap or cover to protect the ear from cold.

eardrum /ˈiɚˌdɹʌm/ /ˈɪəˌdɹʌm/ eardrums n
błona bębenkowa bębenek
(anatomy) A thin membrane that separates the outer ear from the middle ear and transmits sound from the air to the malleus.

eared seal eared seals n
uchatka
A seal belonging in the Otariidae family; a fur seal or a sea lion, differing from the true seals in having small, visible ears and the ability to walk on land.

earl /ɜːl/ /ɝl/ earls n
hrabia earl
(nobility) A British or Irish nobleman next in rank above a viscount and below a marquess; equivalent to a European count. A female using the style is termed a countess.

earless /iɹləs/ /ɪə̯ləs/ /ɪɹləs/ adj
bezuchy
Lacking ears.

earlier /ˈɜː.lɪə/ /ˈɝliɚ/ adj
wcześniejszy
occurring previously

earlier /ˈɜː.lɪə/ /ˈɝliɚ/ adv
wcześniej
previously; before now; sooner

early /ˈɜɹli/ /ˈɜːli/ earlier earliest adj
wczesny
At a time in advance of the usual or expected event.
Arriving a time before expected; sooner than on time.
wczesny początkowy
Near the start or beginning.

early /ˈɜɹli/ /ˈɜːli/ earlier earliest adv
wcześnie wczesny
At a time before expected; sooner than usual.

early bird early birds n
ranny ptaszek skowronek
(idiomatic) A person who wakes early or arrives early, typically before most others.

early bloomer early bloomers n
wcześnie kwitnąca roślina
(horticulture) A flowering plant that blooms earlier in a growing season than other flowering plants.
wczesnie dojrzewająca osoba
(figuratively) A person who achieves proficiency or success in a field early in life.

early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise proverb
kto rano wstaje, temu Pan Bóg daje
A person who goes to bed early and wakes up early will lead a more successful life.

earmuff earmuffs n
nausznik nauszniki
A garment to keep the ears warm.

earmuffs n
nauszniki
A headphone-like device designed to cover a person's ears for protection against cold or noise. They consist of a thermoplastic or metal head-band, that fits over the top of the head, and a pad at each end, to cover the external ears.

earn /ɜːn/ /ɝn/ v
zasłużyć zarabiać
(transitive) To gain (success, reward, recognition) through applied effort or work.
zarabiać zarobić zasłużyć
(transitive) To receive payment for work.
(intransitive) To receive payment for work.
zasłużyć
(transitive) To cause (someone) to receive payment or reward.
(transitive) To achieve by being worthy of.

earnings n
dochody zarobki zyski
Wages, money earned, income.
dochody zyski
(finance) Gains on investments; returns.

earphone /ˈɪə(ɹ)fəʊn/ earphones n
słuchawki
A transducer that converts electric signals into sound and is held near the ear, especially as part of a telephone; an earpiece or headphone.

earphones n
słuchawki
A pair of small loudspeakers worn inside each outer ear or covering all or part of the ear, without a connecting band worn over head.

earplug earplugs n
zatyczka do uszu
A piece of protective gear meant to be inserted in the ear canal to protect the wearer's hearing from loud noises or the intrusion of water.

earring /ˈɪəɹɪŋ/ /ˈɪɹɪŋ/ earrings n
kolczyk
A piece of jewelry worn on the ear.

earth /ɜːθ/ /ɜθ/ /ɝθ/ /ɵːθ/ earths n
ziemia gleba
(uncountable) Soil.
ziemia Ziemia
(uncountable) Any general rock-based material.
The ground, land (as opposed to the sky or sea).
(alchemy, philosophy, and, Taoism) The aforementioned soil- or rock-based material, considered one of the four or five classical elements.
uziemienie ziemia
(British) A connection electrically to the earth ((US) ground); on equipment: a terminal connected in that manner.

earth /ɜːθ/ /ɜθ/ /ɝθ/ /ɵːθ/ v
uziemić uziemiać
(UK, transitive) To connect electrically to the earth.
zakopać
(transitive) To hide, or cause to hide, in the earth; to chase into a burrow or den.

earthenware /ˈəːθ(ə)nwɛː/ earthenwares n
ceramika
(ceramics, often, attributive) An opaque, semi-porous ceramic made from clay and other compounds.

earthly branch earthly branches n
ziemska gałąź
One of the twelve terms used in East Asian cultures to represent

earthquake /ˈɜːθkweɪk/ /ˈɝθkweɪk/ earthquakes n
trzęsienie ziemi
A shaking of the ground, caused by volcanic activity or movement around geologic faults. [from 14th c.]
(planetary geology) Such a quake specifically occurring on the planet Earth, as opposed to other celestial bodies. [from 20th c.]

earthworm earthworms n
dżdżownica
A worm that lives in the ground.

earwax n
woskowina miód z uszu wosk uszny
(medicine, pathology) A waxy substance secreted by the ear.

earwig /ˈɪə(ɹ)wɪɡ/ earwigs n
skorek szczypawka zausznik
Any of various insects of the order Dermaptera that have elongated bodies, large membranous wings folded underneath short leathery forewings and a pair of large pincers protruding from the rear of the abdomen.

ease /iz/ /iːz/ v
ułatwiać ułatwić
(transitive) To reduce the difficulty of (something).

easel /ˈi.zəl/ /ˈiː.z(ə)l/ easels n
sztaluga
An upright frame, typically on three legs, for displaying or supporting something, such as an artist's canvas.

easement /ˈizmənt/ /ˈiːzm(ə)nt/ easements n
serwitut
(law) An interest in land which grants the legal right to use another person's real property (real estate), generally in order to cross a part of the property or to gain access to something on the property (right of way).

easier said than done adj
łatwo powiedzieć
(idiomatic) Easy to propose, but difficult to accomplish.

easiness /ˈiːzɪnəs/ easinesses n
łatwość
The state or quality of being easy (in various senses). particularly:

east /iːst/ adj
wschodni
Situated or lying in or towards the east; eastward.
(meteorology) Blowing (as wind) from the east.
Of or pertaining to the east; eastern.
From the East; oriental.

east /iːst/ adv
ku wschodowi na wschód
towards the east; eastwards

east /iːst/ easts n
wschód
The direction of the earth's rotation, specifically 90°.
The eastern region or area; the inhabitants thereof. [circa 1300]
(ecclesiastical) In a church: the direction of the altar and chancel; the direction faced by the priest when celebrating ad orientem.

eastern /ˈi.stɚn/ /ˈiː.stən/ more eastern most eastern adj
wschodni
Of, facing, situated in, or related to the east.
(of a wind) Blowing from the east; easterly.

eastern Orphean warbler eastern Orphean warblers n
lutniczka wschodnia
Sylvia crassirostris, an Old World warbler. Now sometimes Curruca crassirostris.

eastern gorilla eastern gorillas n
goryl wschodni

eastern imperial eagle eastern imperial eagles n
orzeł cesarski
Aquila heliaca, a large bird of prey that breeds in southeastern Europe and extensively through Western and Central Asia.

eastern olivaceous warbler eastern olivaceous warblers n
zaganiacz blady
Iduna pallida, an Old World warbler, mainly found in the northern Afrotropics and winters in southeastern Europe, the Middle East and adjacent western Asia.

eastern yellow wagtail eastern yellow wagtails n
pliszka syberyjska
Motacilla tschutschensis, a small passerine bird in the family Motacillidae native to East Asia

eastward /ˈist.wɚd/ /ˈiːst.wəd/ more eastward most eastward adv
na wschód
Towards the east.

easy /ˈizi/ /ˈiːzi/ easier easiest more easy most easy adj
łatwy prosty lekki
Requiring little skill or effort.
łatwy łatwa
(informal, pejorative, of a woman) Consenting readily to sex.

easy as pie adj
bułka z masłem
(simile, colloquial) Very easy.

easy come, easy go /ˌiːzi ˈkʌm ˌiːzi ˈɡoʊ/ phraseologicalUnit
łatwo przyszło, łatwo poszło
(idiomatic) Easily won and easily lost; usually said when resigned to a loss; something that comes in the same way, goes in the same way.

easy peasy adj
łatwiutki

eat /it/ /iːt/ v
jeść zjeść
(copulative, intransitive) To have a particular quality of diet; to be well-fed or underfed (typically as "eat healthy" or "eat good").
jeść zjeść szamać żreć
To ingest; to be ingested.

eat crow v
przyznawać się do błędu przyznać się do błędu
(chiefly, US, idiomatic) To recognize that one has been shown to be mistaken or outdone, especially by admitting that one has made a humiliating error.

eat humble pie v
pokajać się
(idiomatic, intransitive) To admit one's faults; to make a humiliating apology.

eat like a bird v
jeść jak ptaszek
(colloquial, simile) To eat in small amounts rather than in a single full meal.

eat one's fill v
najadać najeść
To eat to one's satisfaction, until full. (This entry is a translation hub.)

eat one's heart out v
zadręczać się zadręczyć się
(idiomatic) To feel overwhelming sorrow, jealousy, or longing; to grieve.

eat out /it aʊt/ v
jadać na mieście jeść na mieście zjeść na mieście
(intransitive) To dine at a restaurant or such public place.

eat up v
dojadać dojeść wyjadać wyjeść
(ambitransitive) To consume completely.

eater /ˈiː.tə/ /ˈiː.tɚ/ eaters n
zjadacz
A person or animal who eats.

eatery /ˈiːtəɹi/ eateries n
knajpa
(informal) A restaurant or café; a place to purchase and eat food.

eating /ˈitɪŋ/ /ˈiːtɪŋ/ [ˈiɾɪŋ] eatings n
jedzenie
The act of ingesting food.
The act of corroding or consuming some substance.

eating disorder eating disorders n
zaburzenia odżywiania
Any psychological disorder characterized by abnormal eating habits.

eau de toilette /ˌəʊ də twɑːˈlɛt/ eau de toilettes eaus de toilette eaux de toilette n
woda toaletowa
(cosmetics) A lightly scented perfume to freshen the skin, usually applied directly to the skin after bathing or shaving.

eaves /ivz/ /iːvz/ n
okap
(architectural element) The underside of a roof that extends beyond the external walls of a building.

eavesdrop /ˈivzˌdɹɑp/ /ˈiːvzˌdɹɒp/ v
podsłuchiwać podsłuchać
(ambitransitive) To hear (intentionally) a conversation one is not intended to hear; to listen in.

eavesdropper /ˈiːvzˌdɹɒpə(ɹ)/ eavesdroppers n
podsłuchiwacz podsłuchiwaczka
One who eavesdrops.

eavesdropping eavesdroppings n
podsłuch podsłuchiwanie
(telecommunication) The interception of electronic communication.
podsłuchanie podsłuchiwanie
Listening secretly to the private conversations of others.

ebb /ɛb/ ebbs n
odpływ
The receding movement of the tide.

ebb tide ebb tides n
odpływ
The period between high tide and the next low tide in which the sea is receding.

ebonite /ˈɛb.əˌnaɪt/ ebonites n
ebonit
The relatively hard product of vulcanizing natural rubber with sulfur; vulcanite.

ebony /ˈɛb.ən.i/ more ebony most ebony adj
hebanowy
Made of ebony wood.
A deep, dark black colour.

ebony /ˈɛb.ən.i/ ebonies n
heban
(countable) A tree that yields such wood.
(countable, and, uncountable) A deep, dark black colour.

ebullience /-ˈbəl-/ /-ˈbʌl-/ /ɪˈbʊl.i.əns/ /ɪˈbʊl.jəns/ ebulliences n
żywiołowość
(figuratively) The quality of enthusiastic or lively expression of feelings and thoughts.

ebullient /ɪˈbʊljənt/ more ebullient most ebullient adj
entuzjastyczny
Enthusiastic; high-spirited.
pobudzony
(archaic) Of a liquid: boiling and bubbling, or agitated as if boiling.

ebulliometric adj
ebuliometryczny
(physics) Of or by means of ebulliometry.

ebullioscope ebullioscopes n
ebulioskop
(physics) An instrument used to measure the boiling point of liquids

eccentric /ɛkˈsɛntɹɪk/ /ɪkˈsɛntɹɪk/ more eccentric most eccentric adj
ekscentryczny
(physiology, of a motion) Against or in the opposite direction of contraction of a muscle (such as results from flexion of the lower arm (bending of the elbow joint) by an external force while contracting the triceps and other elbow extensor muscles to control that movement; opening of the jaw while flexing the masseter).

eccentric /ɛkˈsɛntɹɪk/ /ɪkˈsɛntɹɪk/ eccentrics n
ekscentryk ekscentrycy ekscentryczka ekscentryczki
One who does not behave like others.
ekscentryk mimośród
(engineering) A disk or wheel with its axis off centre, giving a reciprocating motion.

eccentrically more eccentrically most eccentrically adv
ekscentrycznie
In an eccentric manner.

eccentricity /ˌɛk.sɛnˈtɹɪs.ɪ.ti/ [ˌɛk.sənˈtɹɪs.ə.ɾi] eccentricities n
ekscentryczność ekscentryzm
The quality of being eccentric or odd; any eccentric behaviour.
ekscentryczność mimośród
(mathematics) The ratio, constant for any particular conic section, of the distance of a point from the focus to its distance from the directrix.
ekscentryczność
(astronomy) The eccentricity of the conic section (usually an ellipse) defined by the orbit of a given object around a reference object (such as that of a planet around the sun).

ecclesiastical /əˈkliː.ziˌæ.stɪ.kəl/ /əˌkli.ziˈæ.stə.kəl/ more ecclesiastical most ecclesiastical adj
kościelny eklezjalny
Of or pertaining to the church.

ecclesiology ecclesiologies n
eklezjologia
The branch of theology concerned with the doctrines, role etc. of a church.

echelon /ˈeɪ-/ /ˈɛk.ə.lɒn/ /ˈɛʃ.ə.lɒn/ /ˈɛʃ.əˌlɑn/ echelons n
eszelon
(military) A formation of troops, ships, etc., in diagonal parallel rows. [from late 18th c.]

echelon /ˈeɪ-/ /ˈɛk.ə.lɒn/ /ˈɛʃ.ə.lɒn/ /ˈɛʃ.əˌlɑn/ v
eszelonować
(transitive, military) To form troops into an echelon.

echidna /əˈkɪdnə/ echidnae echidnas n
kolczatka
Any of the species of small spined monotremes in family Tachyglossidae, the four extant species of which are found in Australia and southern New Guinea.

echinococcosis echinococcoses n
bąblowica echinokokoza
(diseases) A potentially fatal parasitic disease of animals and humans, caused by the Echinococcus tapeworm.

echinoderm echinoderms n
szkarłupień
An animal of the phylum Echinodermata, comprising radially symmetric, spiny-skinned marine animals including seastars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids, and sand dollars. [from 19th c.]

echo /ˈɛkoʊ/ /ˈɛkəʊ/ echoes echos n
echo
A reflected sound that is heard again by its initial observer.

echo chamber echo chambers n
kółko wzajemnej adoracji
(by extension) An environment in which a person is exposed to only those beliefs and opinions that agree with their own, so that their existing views are magnified and reinforced while alternative ideas are not expressed or considered.

echogram echograms n
echogram

echograph echographs n
echograf

echolalia /ˌɛkoʊˈleɪliə/ /ˌɛkə(ʊ)ˈleɪlɪə/ echolalias n
echolalia
(clinical psychology, autism) The involuntary repetitive echoing of words or phrases spoken by another person; either immediate or delayed.

echoless adj
bezechowy
Without echo.

echolocation /ˌɛkoʊloʊˈkeɪʃən/ echolocations n
echolokacja
The use of echoes to detect objects as observed in bats and other natural creatures. Also known as biosonar.

echt /ɛkt/ more echt most echt adj
autentyczny prawdziwy
proper, real, genuine, true to type

eclectic /ɛkˈlɛk.tɪk/ /ɪˈklɛk.tɪk/ more eclectic most eclectic adj
eklektyczny
Selecting a mixture of what appears to be best of various doctrines, methods or styles.

eclipse /iˈklɪps/ /ɪˈklɪps/ eclipses n
zaćmienie
Especially, an alignment whereby a planetary object (for example, the Moon) comes between the Sun and another planetary object (for example, the Earth), resulting in a shadow being cast by the middle planetary object onto the other planetary object.

ecliptic /ɪˈklɪp.tɪk/ ecliptics n
ekliptyka
(astronomy) The plane in which this great circle lies.

eco- /ˈiːkəʊ/ /ˈɛkoʊ/ prefix
eko-
ecology or the environment (in the ecological sense)

ecocide /ˈiːkəʊsaɪd/ ecocides n
ekobójstwo
The complete destruction of an ecosystem due to human activities, such as due to exploitation of resources, nuclear warfare, or the dumping of harmful chemicals.

ecoclimate ecoclimates n
bioklimat ekoklimat

ecoclimatic adj
bioklimatyczny
Relating to an ecoclimate

ecofeminism ecofeminisms n
ekofeminizm
A sociopolitical movement combining feminism and environmentalism.

ecological /ˌiːkəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkl̩/ more ecological most ecological adj
ekologiczny
Relating to ecology, the interrelationships of organisms and their environment.

ecologically more ecologically most ecologically adv
ekologicznie
In an ecological manner.

ecologist /iːˈkɒləd͡ʒɪst/ /ɪˈkɒləd͡ʒɪst/ ecologists n
ekolog
A scholar of ecology.

ecology /iˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ɪˈkɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /ɪˈkɔl.ə.d͡ʒi/ ecologies n
ekologia
(biology) The branch of biology dealing with the relationships of organisms with their environment and with each other.

econometric adj
ekonometryczny
Combining economics and mathematics; relating to measurement of an economy

econometrics /ɪˌkɑ.nəˈmɛt.ɹɪks/ /ɪˌkɒn.əˈmɛt.ɹɪks/ /ɪˌkɔn.əˈmet.ɹɪks/ n
ekonometria
(economics) The branch of economics that applies statistical methods to the empirical study of economic theories and relationships.

economic /ˌekəˈnɔmɪk/ /ˌikəˈnɑmɪk/ /ˌiːkɔˈnɒmɪk/ /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk/ /ˌiːkəˈnɔmɪk/ /ˌɛkɔˈnɒmɪk/ /ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk/ /ˌɛkəˈnɒmɪk/ more economic most economic adj
ekonomiczny gospodarczy
Pertaining to an economy.
ekonomiczny
Frugal; cheap (in the sense of representing good value); economical.
Pertaining to the study of money and its movement.

economic growth economic growths n
progresja wzrost
(economics) The growth of the economic output of a country.

economically more economically most economically adv
ekonomicznie
(manner) In an economical manner; not wastefully; not extravagantly

economics /ˌikəˈnɑmɪks/ /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/ /ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks/ /ˌɛkəˈnɒmɪks/ n
ekonomika ekonomia
(social sciences) The study of resource allocation, distribution and consumption; of capital and investment; and of management of the factors of production.

economies of scale n
korzyści skali
(economics) The characteristics of a production process in which an increase in the scale of the firm causes a decrease in the long run average cost of each unit.

economist /iːˈkɑ.nə.mɪst/ /iːˈkɒn.ə.mɪst/ /əˈkɑ.nə.mɪst/ /ɪˈkɑ.nə.mɪst/ /ɪˈkɔn.ə.mɪst/ economists n
ekonomista ekonomistka
An expert in economics, especially one who studies economic data and extracts higher-level information or proposes theories.

economize /iˈkɑnəmaɪz/ /iˈkɒnəmaɪz/ v
oszczędzać oszczędzić zaoszczędzić
(intransitive) To practice being economical (by using things sparingly or in moderation, and by avoiding waste or extravagance).

economy /iːˈkɑ.nə.mi/ /iːˈkɒn.ə.mi/ /əˈkɑ.nə.mi/ /ɪˈkɑ.nə.mi/ economies n
gospodarka ekonomia
(obsolete) System of management; general regulation and disposition of the affairs of a state or nation, or of any department of government.
ekonomia gospodarka
The system of production and distribution and consumption. The overall measure of a currency system; as the national economy.

ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/ /ˈiːkəʊˌsɪstəm/ ecosystems n
ekosystem
A system formed by an ecological community and its environment that functions as a unit.

ecosystem engineer ecosystem engineers n
wpływowy organizm
(ecology) Any organism that creates, significantly modifies, maintains or destroys a habitat.

ecoterrorism n
ekoterroryzm
Terrorism with an ecological motive, such as attacks against corporations perceived to be harming the natural environment.

ecotone /ˈiːkətəʊn/ ecotones n
ekoton
A transition area between two adjacent ecological communities (ecosystems).

ecotourism /ˌikoʊˈtʊɹɪzəm/ /ˌiːkəʊˈtʊəɹɪz(ə)m/ /ˌɛkoʊˈtʊɹɪzəm/ ecotourisms n
ekoturystyka
Responsible (sustainable#Adjective) travel to natural areas supporting the fauna, flora, and local economy.

ecstasy /ˈɛk.stə.si/ ecstasies n
ekstaza
Intense pleasure.
ecstasy
(slang) The drug MDMA, a synthetic entactogen of the methylenedioxyphenethylamine family, especially in a tablet form.

ecstatic /ɛkˈstætɪk/ more ecstatic most ecstatic adj
ekstatyczny
Feeling or characterized by ecstasy.

ecto- /ɛktoʊ-/ prefix
ekto-

ectopic pregnancy ectopic pregnancies n
ciąża pozamaciczna
A pregnancy in which the fertilized ovum is implanted in any tissue other than the uterine wall.

ectoplasm /ˈɛktəˌplæzəm/ ectoplasms n
ektoplazma
(parapsychology) A visible substance believed to emanate from the body of a spiritualistic medium during communication with the dead.
(parapsychology) An immaterial or ethereal substance, especially the transparent corporeal presence of a spirit or ghost.
(cytology) The outer granule-free layer of cytoplasm.

ectothermic adj
zmiennocieplny
(zoology) Of or relating to an ectotherm; having a body temperature that varies depending on the outside temperature.

ecumene /iːˈkjuː.mə.ni/ n
ekumena
(obsolete) All known inhabited areas of the world.

ecumenical /ˌiːk.jʊˈmɛ.nɪ.kəl/ /ˌɛk.jʊˈmɛ.nɪ.kəl/ more ecumenical most ecumenical adj
ekumeniczny
(ecclesiastical) Pertaining to the universal Church, representing the entire Christian world; interdenominational; sometimes by extension, interreligious. [from 16th c.]
(rare) General, universal, worldwide. [from 17th c.]

ecumenically more ecumenically most ecumenically adv
ekumenicznie
in an ecumenical manner

ecumenicity ecumenicities n
ekumeniczność
A tendency towards co-operation with other denominations; ecumenism.

ecumenism ecumenisms n
ekumenizm
(philosophy) Ecumenical doctrines and practices, especially as manifested in the ecumenical movement.

ecumenopolis /ˌɛkjuːmɛˈnɒpəlɪs/ ecumenopoleis ecumenopoli ecumenopolises n
ekumenopolis
(chiefly, science fiction) A city spanning an entire planet or large moon.

eczema /ɪɡˈzi.mə/ /ˈɛk.səm.ə/ /ˈɛk.sɪm.ə/ /ˈɛks.mə/ /ˈɛɡ.zəm.ə/ /ˈɛɡ.zɪm.ə/ /ˈɛɡz.mə/ eczemas eczemata n
egzema wyprysk
(biology, medicine) A non-contagious acute or chronic inflammation of the skin, characterized by redness, itching, and the outbreak of oozing vesicular lesions which become encrusted and scaly.

eddy /ˈɛd.i/ eddies n
przeciwprąd
A current of air or water running back, or in an opposite direction to the main current.
wir
A circular current; a whirlpool.

edema /ɪˈdiː.mə/ edemas edemata n
obrzęk opuchlizna
(American spelling, pathology) An excessive accumulation of serum in tissue spaces or a body cavity.
bielmo
(American spelling, botany) A similar swelling in plants caused by excessive accumulation of water.

edge /ɛd͡ʒ/ edges n
krawędź obrzeże skraj kraniec rąbek
(geometry) A one-dimensional face of a polytope. In particular, the joining line between two vertices of a polygon; the place where two faces of a polyhedron meet.
przewaga
An advantage.
ostrze
(also, _, figuratively) The thin cutting side of the blade of an instrument, such as an ax, knife, sword, or scythe; that which cuts as an edge does, or wounds deeply, etc.
krawędź
A sharp terminating border; a margin; a brink; an extreme verge.

edibility edibilities n
jadalność
suitability for use as food

edible /ˈedɪbəl/ /ˈɛdəbəl/ /ˈɛdɪbəl/ [ˈedɪbɫ̩] [ˈɛdəbɫ̩] [ˈɛdɪbɫ̩] more edible most edible adj
jadalny
Capable of being eaten without harm; suitable for consumption; innocuous to humans.
zjadliwy
Capable of being eaten without disgust.

edible dormouse edible dormice n
popielica pilch
The European dormouse, Glis glis, especially when considered as a food

edict /ˈiː.dɪkt/ edicts n
edykt dekret
A proclamation of law or other authoritative command.

edifice /ˈɛd.ɪ.fɪs/ edifices n
gmach
A building; a structure; an architectural fabric, especially a large and spectacular one.

edify /ˈɛdɪfaɪ/ v
dodawać otuchy dodać otuchy podnieść na duchu podnosić na duchu
(transitive) To instruct or improve morally or intellectually.

edit /ˈɛdɪt/ [ˈɛɾɪʔt̚] edits n
edycja redakcja
(computing) A change in the text of a file, a website or the code of software.

edit /ˈɛdɪt/ [ˈɛɾɪʔt̚] v
edytować redagować
To change a text, or a document.

editable adj
edytowalny
Capable of being edited.

editio princeps editiones principes n
editio princeps pierwodruk
(humanities, printing) The first printed edition of a work previously only published in manuscript form.

edition /əˈdɪʃən/ /ɪˈdɪʃən/ [ɪˈdɪʃ.n̩] editions n
wydanie edycja
(publishing) A written work edited and published, as by a certain editor or in a certain manner, or at a certain time.
edycja wydanie nakład
The whole number of copies of a work printed and published at one time.

editor /ˈɛ.ɾɪ.tɚ/ /ˈɛd.ɪ.tə/ [ˈɛˑ.ɾɪ.tɚ] [ˈɛˑ.ɾɪ.ɾɚ] editors n
redaktor edytor edytorka redaktorka
A person who edits or makes changes to documents.
A person who edited a specific document.
redaktor redaktorka
A person at a newspaper, publisher or similar institution who edits stories and/or decides which ones to publish.
edytor edytor tekstu
(computing) A program for creating and making changes to files, especially text files.
montażysta montażystka
(television, cinematography) Someone who manipulates video footage and assembles it into the correct order etc for broadcast; a picture editor.

editor in chief editors in chief n
redaktor naczelny
The highest ranking editor on an editorial staff.

editorial /ˌɛdɪˈtɔɹiəl/ /ˌɛdɪˈtɔːɹɪəl/ adj
redakcyjny redaktorski wydawniczy
Of or relating to an editor, editing or an editorial.

editorial /ˌɛdɪˈtɔɹiəl/ /ˌɛdɪˈtɔːɹɪəl/ editorials n
artykuł wstępny edytorial wstępniak
An article in a publication giving the opinion of its editors on a given topic or current event.

editorialize v
przedstawiać opinię przedstawić opinię
To express one's opinion as if in an editorial, or as if it were an objective statement. [from mid-19th c.]

education /ˌɛd.jʊˈkeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɛd͡ʒ.əˈkeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɛd͡ʒ.ʊˈkeɪ.ʃən/ educations n
edukacja kształcenie oświata
(uncountable) The process of imparting knowledge, skill and judgment.
wykształcenie edukacja
(countable) Facts, skills and ideas that have been learned, especially through formal instruction.

educational /ˌɛdjʊˈkeɪʃənəl/ /ˌɛd͡ʒəˈkeɪʃənəl/ /ˌɛd͡ʒʊˈkeɪʃənəl/ more educational most educational adj
edukacyjny
Of, or relating to education.

educative more educative most educative adj
wychowawczy
Serving to educate; educational.

eel /iːl/ eels n
węgorz węgorzokształtne
Any freshwater or marine fish of the order Anguilliformes, which are elongated and resemble snakes.

eeny, meeny, miny, moe n
entliczek pentliczek czerwony stoliczek na kogo wypadnie na tego bec
(playground games) A method of choosing between two or more people or things, used by children. A child points to each item in turn (or alternately), while saying a rhyme starting "Eeny, meeny, miney, moe", moving to the next item after each quarter-line (i.e. each word or pair of syllables). The item pointed to on the last word of the rhyme is the one chosen.

effect /iˈfɛkt/ /əˈfɛkt/ /ɪˈfekt/ /ɪˈfɛkt/ effects n
skutek efekt rezultat wynik
(sound engineering) An alteration, or device for producing an alteration, in sound after it has been produced by an instrument.

effective /əˈfɛktɪv/ /ɪˈfɛktɪv/ more effective most effective adj
efektywny skuteczny
Having the power to produce a required effect or effects.
efektywny
Actually in effect.

effectiveness /əˈfɛk.tɪv.nəs/ /ɪˈfɛk.tɪv.nɪs/ effectivenesses n
skuteczność
The property of being effective, of achieving results.

effectivity effectivities n
efektywność skuteczność
(uncountable) The ability or power to be effective.
(countable) A measure of the effectiveness of something.

effeminacy effeminacies n
babskość babstwo zniewieściałość
The quality of being effeminate.

effeminate /ɪˈfɛmɪneɪt/ /ɪˈfɛmɪnət/ more effeminate most effeminate adj
zniewieściały zbabiały babski wydelikacony
(often, derogatory, of a man or boy) Exhibiting behaviour or mannerisms considered typical of a female; unmasculine.

effeminately more effeminately most effeminately adv
po babsku
In an effeminate manner.

efficacy /ˈɛf.ɪ.kə.si/ efficacies n
efektywność skuteczność
Degree of ability to produce a desired effect; effectiveness.

efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃn̩si/ efficiencies n
efektywność
The extent to which time is well used for the intended task.
sprawność
The extent to which a resource is used for the intended purpose; the ratio of useful work to energy expended.

efficient /əˈfɪʃənt/ /ɪˈfɪʃənt/ more efficient most efficient adj
wydajny
making good, thorough, or careful use of resources; not consuming extra. Especially, making good use of time or energy
sprawny
expressing the proportion of consumed energy that was successfully used in a process; the ratio of useful output to total input

effigy /ˈɛfəd͡ʒi/ effigies n
kukła
A dummy or other crude representation of a person, group or object that is hated.

effort /ˈɛfət/ /ˈɛfɚt/ efforts n
wysiłek staranie
The work involved in performing an activity; exertion.

effortlessly /ˈɛf.ət.ləs.li/ /ˈɛf.ɚt.ləs.li/ more effortlessly most effortlessly adv
bez wysiłku bezwysiłkowo
Without effort; without difficulty or struggle.

effulgent /ɛ-/ /ɪˈfʌldʒ(ə)nt/ /ɪˈfʌld͡ʒənt/ more effulgent most effulgent adj
promienisty promienny
(literary, also, figuratively) Radiant, resplendent, shining.

egalitarianism egalitarianisms n
egalitaryzm
The political doctrine that holds that all people in a society should have equal rights from birth.

egest /iːˈd͡ʒɛst/ v
wydalać
To eliminate undigested food or waste from the body (as feces).

egg /eɪɡ/ /ɛɡ/ eggs n
jajko jajo
(specifically, countable) The edible egg (sense 1.1) of a domestic fowl such as a duck, goose, or, especially, a chicken; (uncountable) the contents of such an egg or eggs used as food.
An approximately spherical or ellipsoidal body produced by birds, insects, reptiles, and other animals, housing the embryo within a membrane or shell during its development.

egg /eɪɡ/ /ɛɡ/ v
obtaczać w jajku obtoczyć w jajku
(cooking) To coat (a food ingredient) with or dip (a food ingredient) in beaten egg (noun sense 1.1.1) during the process of preparing a dish.

egg of Columbus eggs of Columbus n
jajko Kolumba
A brilliant idea or discovery that seems simple after the fact.

egg roll egg rolls n
sajgonka
A food made made by wrapping a combination of chopped vegetables, possibly meat, and sometimes noodles, in a sheet of dough, dipping the dough in egg or an egg wash, then deep frying it.

egg tooth egg teeth n
ząb jajowy
(zoology) A small, sharp, cranial protuberance used by offspring to break or tear through the egg's surface during hatching.

egg whisk egg whisks n
trzepaczka ubijaczka
A whisk (kitchen utensil made of multiple loops of wire) used to beat eggs.

egg-shaped more egg-shaped most egg-shaped adj
jajowaty
Having the shape of an egg.

eggcup eggcups n
jajecznik
(British) A small dish used to support a boiled egg while it is eaten.

egghead eggheads n
łysol
(pejorative) A bald person, especially a man.
jajogłowy
(pejorative) A coldly out of personal touch intellectual.

eggnog /ˈɛɡ.nɑɡ/ /ˈɛɡ.nɒɡ/ /ˌɛɡˈnɒɡ/ eggnogs n
kogel-mogel
A beverage based on milk, eggs, sugar, and nutmeg; often made alcoholic with rum, brandy, or whisky; popular at Christmas.

eggplant /-plɑːnt/ /ˈɛɡ.plænt/ eggplants n
oberżyna bakłażan
(North America, Australia, New Zealand, Philippines) The plant Solanum melongena.
(North America, Australia, New Zealand, Philippines) The edible fruit of the Solanum melongena: an aubergine.
bakłażanowy
(North America) A dark purple color, like that of the skin of this fruit.

eggshell /ˈɛɡʃɛl/ eggshells n
skorupka jajka
The shell around an egg.
(color) A pale off-white colour, like that of the eggshell.

eglantine eglantines n
róża rdzawa róża szkocka
A Eurasian rose (Rosa rubiginosa, syn. Rosa eglanteria), having prickly stems, fragrant leaves, pink flowers and red hips.

ego /ˈiɡoʊ/ /ˈiːɡəʊ/ /ˈɛɡəʊ/ egos n
ego
(psychology, Freudian) The most central part of the mind, which mediates with one's surroundings.

egocentric more egocentric most egocentric adj
egocentryczny
Egotistical.

egocentric egocentrics n
egocentryczka egocentryk
A person who is egocentric.

egocentrism egocentrisms n
egocentryzm
The constant following of one's egotistical desires to an extreme.

egocentrist egocentrists n
egocentryczka egocentryk
An egocentric person.

egoism egoisms n
egoizm samolubstwo samolubność
The tendency to think selfishly with exclusive self-interest in mind.

egoist /ˈiːɡoʊ.ɪst/ egoists n
egoista egoistka
An advocate of egoism.
egoista egoistka samolub samolubka sobek
An egocentric or self-centered person.

egoistical more egoistical most egoistical adj
egoistyczny samolubny
Caring about oneself and the gratification of one's own desires rather than others.

egoistically more egoistically most egoistically adv
egoistycznie samolubnie
in an egoistic manner

egotism egotisms n
egotyzm
A belief that one is superior to or more important than others.

egregious /əˈɡɹiː.d͡ʒi.əs/ /ɪˈɡɹiː.d͡ʒəs/ more egregious most egregious adj
rażący
Conspicuous, exceptional, outstanding; usually in a negative sense.

egret /ˈi.ɡɹɪt/ egrets n
czapla
Any of various wading birds of the genera Egretta or Ardea that includes herons, many of which are white or buff, and several of which develop fine plumes during the breeding season.

eh /e/ /eɪ/ /ɛ/ [ɛː] interjection
co hę nie prawda
(informal, chiefly, Canada, UK) Used as a tag question, to emphasise what goes before or to request that the listener express an opinion about what has been said.

eicosane eicosanes n
ikozan
(organic compound) any of the 366,319 isomers of the aliphatic hydrocarbon having the chemical formula C20H42, but especially n-eicosane CH3(CH2)18CH3

eider /ˈaɪdə/ /ˈaɪdɚ/ eiders n
edredon
Any of the species of the genera Polysticta or Somateria, in the seaduck subfamily Merginae, which line their nests with fine down (taken from their own bodies).

eiderdown eiderdowns n
puch edredonowy
(uncountable) The down of the eider duck, used for stuffing pillows and quilts.
pierzyna
(countable) A quilt stuffed with this down.

eidetic /aɪˈdɛtɪk/ more eidetic most eidetic adj
ejdetyczny
(neuroscience) Marked by or resulting from extraordinary ability to recall detailed and vivid mental images of visual images.

eigenbra eigenbras n
liczba podwójna bra

eigenproblem eigenproblems n
zadanie matematyczne z wartościami własnymi

eigenspectrum eigenspectra n
spektrum liczby podwójnej

eigenvalue /ˈaɪɡənˌvæljuː/ eigenvalues n
wartość własna
(linear algebra) A scalar, \lambda, such that there exists a non-zero vector x (a corresponding eigenvector) for which the image of x under a given linear operator \mathrm{A} is equal to the image of x under multiplication by \lambda; i.e. \mathrm{A} x = \lambda x.

eigenvector eigenvectors n
wektor własny
(linear algebra) A vector that is not rotated under a particular linear transformation; a left or right eigenvector depending on context; (more formally) given a linear transformation A, a vector x such that Ax=λx [or xA=λx] for some scalar λ (called the eigenvalue).

eight /eɪt/ eights n
ósemka
The digit/figure 8.
(playing cards) Any of the four cards in a normal deck with the value eight.

eight /eɪt/ numeral
osiem ośmioro
A numerical value equal to 8; the number occurring after seven and before nine.

eight hundred /ˈeɪt ˈhʌn.dɹəd/ /ˈeɪt ˈhʌn.dɹɪd/ numeral
osiemset
The cardinal number occurring after seven hundred ninety-nine and before eight hundred one, represented in Arabic numerals as 800.

eight o'clock n
ósma
(In both the 12-hour clock and the 24-hour clock) The start of the ninth hour of the day; 8:00 a.m. (08:00).

eight thousand n
osiem tysięcy
The cardinal number between seven thousand nine hundred and ninety nine and eight thousand and one.

eight-thousander eight-thousanders n
ośmiotysięcznik
Any of the fourteen independent mountains on Earth, all located in Asia, that extend more than 8,000 metres (26,247 ft) above sea level.

eighteen /ˈeɪ(t).tin/ /ˈeɪ.tiːn/ /ˌeɪ(t)ˈtin/ /ˌeɪˈtiːn/ numeral
osiemnaście osiemnaścioro
The cardinal number occurring after seventeen and before nineteen, represented in Roman numerals as XVIII and in Arabic numerals as 18.

eighteenth /ˌeɪˈtiːnθ/ adj
osiemnasty osiemnasta
The ordinal form of the number eighteen.

eighth /eɪtθ/ /eɪθ/ adj
ósmy
The ordinal form of the number eight.

eighth rest eighth rests n
pauza ósemkowa

eighties n
lata 80. lata osiemdziesiąte
The decade of the 1880s, 1980s, etc.

eightieth /ˈeɪ.ti.əθ/ adj
osiemdziesiąty osiemdziesiąta
The ordinal form of the number eighty.

eighty /ˈeɪ.ti/ [ˈ(ʔ)eɪ̯ɾi] numeral
osiemdziesiąt
The cardinal number occurring after seventy-nine and before eighty-one, represented in Roman numerals as LXXX and in Arabic numerals as 80.

eighty-eight numeral
osiemdziesiąt osiem
Number between eighty-seven and eighty-nine; decimal 88
An abbreviation for 'Hugs and kisses' in amateur radio. Used especially in Morse code.

eighty-five numeral
osiemdziesiąt pięć
The cardinal number immediately following eighty-four and preceding eighty-six.

eighty-four numeral
osiemdziesiąt cztery
The cardinal number immediately following eighty-three and preceding eighty-five.

eighty-nine numeral
osiemdziesiąt dziewięć
The cardinal number immediately following eighty-eight and preceding ninety.

eighty-one numeral
osiemdziesiąt jeden
The cardinal number following eighty and preceding eighty-two.

eighty-seven numeral
osiemdziesiąt siedem
The cardinal number immediately following eighty-six and preceding eighty-eight.

eighty-six numeral
osiemdziesiąt sześć
The cardinal number immediately following eighty-five and preceding eighty-seven.

eighty-three numeral
osiemdziesiąt trzy
The cardinal number immediately following eighty-two and preceding eighty-four.

eighty-two numeral
osiemdziesiąt dwa
The cardinal number immediately following eighty-one and preceding eighty-three.

eightysomething eightysomethings n
osiemdziesięciolatek osiemdziesięciolatka
(colloquial) A person between 80 and 89 years old.

einkorn wheat einkorn wheats n
pszenica samopsza
A type of wheat, characterised by the presence of a single grain in each spikelet, that was cultivated in the Fertile Crescent and was one of the first grains to be domesticated; any subtype of said wheat, considered as a unit; in particular, the domesticated form.

einstein einsteins n
ajnsztajn einstein
(photochemistry, dated) One mole of photons, regardless of frequency, as used to measure irradiance.

einsteinium /aɪnˈstaɪni.əm/ n
einstein
A transuranic chemical element (symbol Es) with atomic number 99: a soft, silvery, paramagnetic metal.

either /aɪ/ /eɪ/ /iː/ /ˈaɪ.ðə(ɹ)/ /ˈaɪ.ðɚ/ /ˈeɪ.ðə(ɹ)/ /ˈi.ðɚ/ /ˈiː.ðə(ɹ)/ adv
też nie
(conjunctive, after a negative) As well.

either /aɪ/ /eɪ/ /iː/ /ˈaɪ.ðə(ɹ)/ /ˈaɪ.ðɚ/ /ˈeɪ.ðə(ɹ)/ /ˈi.ðɚ/ /ˈiː.ðə(ɹ)/ conjunction
albo ani ... ani bądź
Introduces the first of two (or occasionally more) options or possibilities, the second (or last) of which is introduced by “or”.

either /aɪ/ /eɪ/ /iː/ /ˈaɪ.ðə(ɹ)/ /ˈaɪ.ðɚ/ /ˈeɪ.ðə(ɹ)/ /ˈi.ðɚ/ /ˈiː.ðə(ɹ)/ determiner
oba
Each of two; both. [from 9th c.]

either way adv
tak czy inaczej
Regardless of what happens (out of two possible situations).

either … or conjunction
albo … albo

ejaculate /ɪˈdʒæk.jʊ.leɪt/ /ɪˈdʒæk.jʊ.lət/ /ɪˈd͡ʒæk.jə.leɪt/ /ɪˈd͡ʒæk.jə.lət/ v
ejakulować wytryskiwać
(biology, transitive) To eject or suddenly throw fluid or some other substance from a duct or other body structure.
(specifically, transitive, and, intransitive) Of a human being or other mammal: to forcibly eject from the urethra in response to sexual stimulation, in a male, semen; and, in a female, vaginal fluid.

ejaculation /iˌdʒækjuˈleɪʃən/ ejaculations n
ejakulacja wytrysk
(specifically) A reflex in human beings and other mammals in response to sexual stimulation involving the forcible ejection from the urethra of, in males, semen; and, in females, vaginal fluid.

eject /ɪˈd͡ʒɛkt/ v
wyrzucać wyrzucić
(transitive) To compel (a person or persons) to leave.
katapultować się
(, usually, _, intransitive) To forcefully project oneself or another occupant from an aircraft (or, rarely, another type of vehicle), typically using an ejection seat or escape capsule.
wysunąć wysunąć się wysuwać wysuwać się
(transitive) To cause (something) to come out of a machine.

ejection seat ejection seats n
fotel wyrzucany
A seat in an aircraft which can be ejected from the cockpit and thus save the pilot's life when a crash is imminent.

ejector /iːˈd͡ʒɛktɚ/ /ɪˈd͡ʒɛktɚ/ ejectors n
wyrzutnik
One who, or that which, ejects or dispossesses.
ejector seat: a pilot's seat in an airplane that can be forcibly ejected in the case of an emergency; then the pilot descends by parachute.

eke out v
dorabiać
(transitive) To supplement.

ekphrasis /ˈɛkfɹəsɪs/ ekphrases n
ekfraza
(rhetoric) A clear, intense, self-contained argument or verbal description of an object, especially of an artwork.

ekranoplan ekranoplans n
ekranolot ekranoplan
(aviation, nautical) a ground-effect vehicle

elaborate /ɪˈlæbəɹeɪt/ /ɪˈlæbəɹət/ more elaborate most elaborate adj
drobiazgowy
Complex, detailed, or sophisticated.

elaborate /ɪˈlæbəɹeɪt/ /ɪˈlæbəɹət/ v
rozwinąć
(intransitive, sometimes followed by the prepositions on or upon) To expand/enlarge in detail.

elanid kite elanid kites n
kaniuk
Any of several small, long-winged, hovering raptors of the Elaninae subfamily.

elapse /ɪˈlæps/ v
upływać
(intransitive, of time) To pass or move by.

elastic /iˈlæstɪk/ /əˈlæstɪk/ more elastic most elastic adj
elastyczny rozciągliwy ciągliwy
Capable of stretching; particularly, capable of stretching so as to return to an original shape or size when force is released.
elastyczny sprężysty
springy; bouncy; vivacious

elastic band elastic bands n
gumka
A small, narrow loop of rubber or similar material used to hold items or body parts together.

elasticity /ɪ.læsˈtɪs.ɪ.ti/ elasticities n
elastyczność sprężystość
(physics) The property by virtue of which a material deformed under load can regain its original dimensions when unloaded

elasto- prefix
elasto-

elbow /ˈɛlboʊ/ /ˈɛlbəʊ/ [ˈɛɫboʊ] elbows n
łokieć
(anatomy) The joint between the upper arm and the forearm.
(by extension) Any turn or bend like that of the elbow, in a wall, building, coastline, etc.; an angular or jointed part of any structure, such as the raised arm of a chair or sofa, or a short pipe fitting, turning at an angle or bent.

elbow /ˈɛlboʊ/ /ˈɛlbəʊ/ [ˈɛɫboʊ] v
uderzyć z łokcia
To push with the elbow or elbows; to forge ahead using the elbows to assist.

elbow grease n
wysiłek
(idiomatic) Effort or hard work, especially physical work involving repeated motion of the forearm, such as scrubbing.

elbow room n
miejsce przestrzeń
Room or space in which to move or maneuver.
swoboda
(figurative) Freedom or leeway.

elbow to elbow adv
ramię w ramię
In close proximity, side by side.

elder /ˈeldə/ /ˈɛldə/ /ˈɛldɚ/ adj
starszy
older, greater than another in age or seniority.

elder /ˈeldə/ /ˈɛldə/ /ˈɛldɚ/ elders n
bez bez czarny
A small tree, Sambucus nigra, having white flowers in a cluster, and edible purple berries.

elderberry /ˈɛldə(ɹ)ˌbɛɹi/ elderberries n
czarny bez bez czarny
The small, edible, purplish-black fruit of this plant, used in cooking and to flavour drinks etc.

eldercare n
opieka nad osobami starszymi
Care for elderly people.

elderly /ˈɛldəli/ /ˈɛldɚli/ more elderly most elderly adj
niemłody stary
old; having lived for relatively many years.

elecampane /ˌɛləkæmˈpeɪn/ /ˌɛlɪkamˈpeɪn/ elecampanes n
oman wielki
A tall Eurasian herb, Inula helenium, whose roots have been used medicinally.

elect /i-/ /ə-/ /ɪˈlɛkt/ v
postanowić
(transitive) To choose or make a decision (to do something)
wybierać
(transitive) To choose (a candidate) in an election

election /əˈlɛkʃ(ə)n/ /ɪˈlɛkʃ(ə)n/ elections n
wybory wybór
A process of choosing a leader, members of parliament, councillors, or other representatives by popular vote.

election campaign election campaigns n
kampania wyborcza

elective affinity elective affinities n
powinowactwo chemiczne

elector /iˈlɛktɚ/ /əˈlektə/ /əˈlɛktɔɹ/ /əˈlɛktɚ/ /ɪˈlektə/ /ɪˈlɛktə/ /ɪˈlɛktɚ/ electors n
elektor
A member of an electoral college; specifically (US) an official selected by a state as a member of the Electoral College to elect the president and vice president of the United States.
wyborca elektor wyborczyni
(politics) A person eligible to vote in an election; a member of an electorate, a voter.

electoral /ə.lɛkˈtoɹ.əl/ /əˈlek.tə.ɹəl/ /əˈlek.tɹəl/ /əˈlɛk.tɚ.əl/ /ɪ.lɛkˈtɔɹ.əl/ /ɪˈlɛk.tə.ɹəl/ /ɪˈlɛk.tɹəl/ adj
wyborczy
Of, or relating to elections.

electoral college electoral colleges n
kolegium elektorów
(politics) A body of electors empowered to elect someone to a particular office, such as the Holy Roman Emperor or the President of the United States.

electoral district electoral districts n
okręg wyborczy
(politics) A district represented by one or more elected officials.

electoral register electoral registers n
lista wyborców
(British) A list of all those people who are registered to vote in a particular locality

electorate /ɪˈlɛktəɹət/ /ɪˈlɛktɹət/ electorates n
elektorat
The collective people of a country, state, or electoral district who are entitled to vote.
(historical) The office, or area of dominion, of an Elector; an electorship.

electric /iˈlɛktɹɪk/ /əˈlɛktɹɪk/ /ɪˈlɛktɹɪk/ adj
elektryczny
Of, relating to, produced by, operated with, or utilising electricity; electrical.
Of or relating to an electronic version of a musical instrument that has an acoustic equivalent.

electric blanket electric blankets n
koc elektryczny
A blanket with an integrated electrical heating device.

electric car electric cars n
samochód elektryczny
A car that uses electric motors and motor controllers instead of an internal combustion engine, the power coming from rechargeable batteries.

electric chair electric chairs n
krzesło elektryczne
A chair-like device used for performing execution by electrocution.

electric charge electric charges n
ładunek elektryczny
(physics) The static electric energy of a charged body.

electric current electric currents n
prąd
(electromagnetism) A net unidirectional movement of electrons, or other charge carriers, caused by a potential difference.
(electromagnetism) The net charge that passes through some cross-section of a conducting material (in one direction), per unit time, having the SI unit A (C/s).

electric eel electric eels n
strętwa trzęsawiec węgorz elektryczny
(narrowly) Electrophorus electricus, a species of fish resembling an eel (though not related) that is capable of generating powerful electric shocks.

electric fence electric fences n
elektryczny pastuc
A fence containing metal wire through which an electric current is passed, as a deterrent which will shock people or animals trying to breach or climb the fence.

electric field electric fields n
pole elektryczne
(electricity, physics) A region of space around a charged particle, or between two voltages, which exerts a force on charged objects in its vicinity.

electric guitar /ə.ˈlɛk.tɹɪk ɡɪ.ˈtɑːɹ/ electric guitars n
gitara elektryczna
A guitar which requires electronic amplification to produce sufficient sound.

electric motor electric motors n
silnik elektryczny
A motor that converts electrical energy into kinetic energy.

electric multiple unit electric multiple units n
elektryczny zespół trakcyjny
(rail transport) A multiple unit train powered by electricity, abbreviated EMU.

electric ray electric rays n
drętwa
Any of the group of rays of the order Torpedodiniformes, which can produce an electric discharge.

electric shaver electric shavers n
golarka

electric shock electric shocks n
porażenie prądem
The physical reaction or shock caused by the flow of electricity through the body.

electric vehicle electric vehicles n
pojazd elektryczny
A vehicle that uses an electric motor as the means of propulsion; most especially, an e-car or e-truck.

electrical energy n
energia elektryczna
Energy made available for consumption or consumed in the form of electricity or electric power; electricity.

electrical tape electrical tapes n
taśma izolacyjna
A poorly conductive plastic tape used to insulate electrical wires.

electrician /iˌlɛkˈtɹɪʃən/ /əˌlɛkˈtɹɪʃən/ /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪʃ(ə)n/ /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪʃən/ /ˌiːlɛkˈtɹɪʃ(ə)n/ /ˌɛlɪkˈtɹɪʃ(ə)n/ electricians n
elektryk elektryczka
A tradesperson who installs, repairs and maintains electrical wiring and equipment.

electricity /iˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/ /əˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/ /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/ /ɪˌlɛkˈt͡ʃɹɪsɪti/ /ˌiːlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/ /ˌɛlɪkˈtɹɪsɪti/ electricities n
elektryczność prąd
(physics) The study of electrical phenomena; the branch of science dealing with such phenomena. [from 18th c.]

electricity meter electricity meters n
licznik energii elektrycznej licznik prądu
A device that measures the consumption of electricity, normally in terms of watt-hours

electricity pylon electricity pylons n
słup wysokiego napięcia
A tall structure built to support an overhead power line.

electrification electrifications n
elektryfikacja
The act of electrifying, or the state of being charged with electricity.
The adaptation (of a home, farm, village, city, industry, railroad) for electric power.

electrify /ɪˈlɛktɹɪfaɪ/ v
elektryfikować zelektryfikować
(transitive) To cause electricity to pass through; to affect by electricity; to give an electric shock to.

electro- prefix
elektro- galwano-
and electrical.

electrocardiography electrocardiographies n
elektrokardiografia
the science of the preparation and diagnostic interpretation of electrocardiograms

electrochemical adj
elektrochemiczny
(chemistry) Of, or relating to a chemical reaction brought about by electricity.
(chemistry) Of, or relating to electricity produced by a chemical reaction e.g. in a battery.

electrochemical cell electrochemical cells n
ogniwo elektrochemiczne
A container containing an electrolyte and two electrodes; used to produce direct current electricity; one or more of them constitute a battery.

electrochemistry n
elektrochemia
(chemistry) The science of the chemistry associated with the flow of electricity, especially at the surface of an electrode.

electrocution /ɪˌlɛktɹəˈkjuːʃən/ electrocutions n
porażenie prądem
(informal) A severe electric shock, whether fatal or not.

electrode /iˈlɛk.tɹəʊd/ /əˈlɛk.tɹəʊd/ electrodes n
elektroda
The terminal through which electric current passes between metallic and nonmetallic parts of an electric circuit.

electroencephalograph /əˌlɛktɹoʊənˈsɛfələˌɡɹæf/ electroencephalographs n
elektroencefalograf
(neurology) An instrument used for recording of electrical brain activity.

electroencephalography electroencephalographies n
elektroencefalografia
(neurology) The measurement and recording of electrical activity in the brain for diagnostic purposes.

electroluminescence electroluminescences n
elektroluminescencja
(physics) The generation of light by the application of an alternating current to a semiconductor or phosphor, or by an electric discharge through a gas.

electrolysis /ɪlɛkˈtɹɒləsɪs/ electrolyses n
elektroliza
(chemistry) the chemical change produced by passing an electric current through a conducting solution or a molten salt.

electrolyte /ɪˈlɛk.tɹɵˌlaɪt/ electrolytes n
elektrolit
(chemistry) A substance that, in solution or when molten, ionizes and conducts electricity.
(physiology, medicine) Any of the various biometal ions (such as sodium or chloride) that regulate the electric charge on cells and the flow of water across their membranes, or (metonymically) such an ion's concentration in a bodily fluid, usually and especially blood#Noun, blood serum#Noun, or urine.

electrolytic /ɨˌlɛk.tɹɵˈlɪ.tɪk/ adj
elektrolityczny

electromagnetic adj
elektromagnetyczny
Relating to electromagnetism

electromagnetic interaction n
oddziaływanie elektromagnetyczne
(physics) The fundamental interaction responsible for the electromagnetic force.

electromagnetic radiation n
promieniowanie elektromagnetyczne
Radiation (quantized as photons) consisting of oscillating electric and magnetic fields oriented perpendicularly to each other, moving through space.

electromagnetic spectrum electromagnetic spectra n
widmo fal elektromagnetycznych
(physics) The entire range of wavelengths of all known electromagnetic radiations extending from gamma rays, to X-rays through visible light, infrared, to radio waves.

electromagnetism /ɪˌlɛk.tɹəʊˈmæɡ.nəˌtɪzm̩/ electromagnetisms n
elektromagnetyzm
A unified fundamental force that combines the aspects of electricity and magnetism and is one of the four fundamental forces. (technically it can be unified with weak nuclear to form electroweak) Its gauge boson is the photon.

electromotive force electromotive forces n
siła elektromotoryczna
(physics) Potential energy (not force) divided by electric charge; measured in volts

electron /ɪˈlɛk.tɹɑn/ /ɪˈlɛk.tɹɒn/ electrons n
elektron
(particle) The subatomic particle having a negative charge and orbiting the nucleus; the flow of electrons in a conductor constitutes electricity.
(chemistry, obsolete) Alloys of magnesium and other metals, like aluminum or zinc, that were manufactured by the German company Chemische Fabrik Griesheim-Elektron.

electron cloud electron clouds n
chmura elektronowa
(physics) A mathematically defined region around an atomic nucleus defined by a high probability that the atom's electrons will be present in that region.

electron microscope electron microscopes n
mikroskop elektronowy
Any of several forms of microscope that use a beam of electrons, rather than one of light, and thus has a much greater resolving power.

electron volt electron volts n
elektronowolt
(physics) A unit for measuring the energy of subatomic particles; the energy equal to that attained by an electron moving through a potential difference of one volt. Equivalent to 1.6022 x 10-19 joules.

electronegative more electronegative most electronegative adj
elektroujemny
(chemistry) tending to attract electrons to form a chemical bond

electronegativity electronegativities n
elektroujemność
(chemistry) The tendency, or a measure of the ability, of an atom or molecule to attract electrons when forming bonds.

electronic /əˌlɪkˈtɹɑ.nɪk/ /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɑ.nɪk/ /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɒn.ɪk/ /ˌi.lɛkˈtɹɑ.nɪk/ /ˌɛl.ɛkˈtɹɒn.ɪk/ /ˌɛl.ɪkˈtɹɒn.ɪk/ adj
elektronowy elektroniczny
(physics, chemistry) Of or pertaining to an electron or electrons.
elektroniczny
Operating on the physical behavior of electrons, especially in semiconductors.
Generated by an electronic device.

electronic cigarette /ɪˌlɛkˈtʃɹɑːnɪk ˈsɪɡɚˌɛt/ electronic cigarettes n
e-papieros papieros elektroniczny
A cylindrical battery-powered device that provides inhaled doses of nicotine by way of a vaporized solution.

electronic sport electronic sports n
e-sport
The competitive playing of video games as a sport.

electronics /ˌiːlɛkˈtɹɒnɪks/ /ˌɛlɪkˈtɹɒnɪks/ electronics n
elektronika
(physics) The study and use of electrical devices that operate by controlling the flow of electrons or other electrically charged particles or by converting the flow of charged particles to or from other forms of energy.
(in the plural) Devices which require the flow of electrons through conductors and semiconductors in order to perform their function; devices that operate on electrical power (battery or outlet)

electropositive more electropositive most electropositive adj
elektrododatni
(chemistry) tending to release electrons to form a chemical bond

electrostatics n
elektrostatyka
(physics) the branch of physics that deals with static electricity; that is, with the force exerted by an unchanging electric field upon a charged object

electrotechnical adj
elektrotechniczny

electrotherapy electrotherapies n
elektroterapia
The use of electrical energy as a medical treatment.

elegance /ˈɛl.ɪ.ɡəns/ elegances n
elegancja
Grace, refinement, and beauty in movement, appearance, or manners.
Restraint and grace of style.

elegant /ˈɛl.ə.ɡənt/ more elegant most elegant adj
elegancki
Characterised by or exhibiting elegance.

elegantly more elegantly most elegantly adv
elegancko
Gracefully, smoothly, and swiftly; with supreme style.

elegiac /ˌɛləˈd͡ʒaɪæk/ /ˌɛləˈd͡ʒaɪək/ more elegiac most elegiac adj
elegiacki elegijny
Of or relating to an elegy.

elegy /ˈɛlɪd͡ʒi/ elegies n
elegia
A mournful or plaintive poem; a funeral song; a poem of lamentation. [from early 16th c.]

element /ˈɛləmənt/ elements n
element pierwiastek
(set theory) One of the objects in a set.
A component in electrical equipment, often in the form of a coil, having a high resistance, thereby generating heat when a current is passed through it.
odrobina pierwiastek
(usually, in the plural) A basic, simple substance out of which something is made, raw material.
A small but present amount of a quality, a hint.
pierwiastek element
One of the simplest or essential parts or principles of which anything consists, or upon which the constitution or fundamental powers of anything are based.
pierwiastek składnik
(chemistry) Any one of the simplest chemical substances that cannot be decomposed in a chemical reaction or by any chemical means and made up of atoms all having the same number of protons.
żywioł pierwiastek
One of the four basic building blocks of matter in theories of ancient philosophers and alchemists: water, earth, fire, and air.

elemental elementals n
żywiołak
(mysticism, fantasy) A creature (usually a spirit) that is attuned with, or composed of, one of the classical elements: air, earth, fire and water or variations of them like ice, lightning, etc. They sometimes have unique proper names and sometimes are referred to as Air, Earth, Fire, or Water.

elementary /(ˌ)ɛlɪˈmɛnt(ə)ɹɪ/ /ˌɛlɪˈmɛnt(ə)ɹi/ more elementary most elementary adj
elementarny podstawowy
Relating to the basic, essential or fundamental part of something.
podstawowy
Relating to an elementary school.
elementarny
(physics) Relating to a subatomic particle.

elementary function elementary functions n
funkcja elementarna
(mathematics) Any function that is composed of algebraic functions, trigonometric functions, exponential functions and/or logarithmic functions, combined using addition, subtraction, multiplication and/or division

elementary particle elementary particles n
cząstka elementarna
(physics) A fundamental particle; any of the subatomic particles that do not consist of other, smaller particles; the gauge bosons, leptons and quarks.

elementary substance elementary substances n
pierwiastek
A pure chemical substance consisting of a single element (e.g. hydrogen gas).

elephant /el.e.fant/ /ˈɛləfənt/ /ˈɛlɪf(ə)nt/ elephants n
słoń słonica
A mammal of the order Proboscidea, having a trunk, and two large ivory tusks jutting from the upper jaw.

elephant dose elephant doses n
dawka uderzeniowa końska dawka
(of drugs) a large amount

elephant in the room elephants in the room n
słoń w salonie
(idiomatic) A problem or difficult issue that is very obvious, but is ignored for the convenience or comfort of those involved.

elephant seal elephant seals n
słoń morski
Large marine mammals of the genus Mirounga, the largest of the pinnipeds.

elephant shrew elephant shrews n
ryjkonosowatych
Any of several small, insectivorous long-nosed mammals, of the family Macroscelididae, native to Africa, thought to be more closely related elephants than to true shrews.

elephantiasis /ˌɛlɪfənˈtaɪəsɪs/ elephantiases n
słoniowacizna
(pathology) A complication of chronic filariasis, in which nematode worms block the lymphatic vessels, usually in the legs or scrotum, causing extreme enlargement of the infected area.
(pathology, obsolete) Synonym of leprosy.

elevated railway elevated railways n
kolej nadziemna
(rail transport) a rapid transit railway with tracks above street level on a viaduct or other elevated structure

elevation /ˌɛlɪˈveɪʃən/ elevations n
podniesienie
The movement of the axis of a piece in a vertical plane; also, the angle of elevation, that is, the angle between the axis of the piece and the line of sight; distinguished from direction.

elevator music n
muzak
(US, Canada) Bland, inoffensive music played as a background in elevators and businesses (such as offices and shopping malls).

eleven /iˈlɛvən/ /əˈlɛv.ən/ /ɪˈlɛvən/ [ɪˈlɛbm̩] numeral
jedenaście jedenaścioro
The cardinal number occurring after ten and before twelve. Represented as 11 in Arabic digits.

eleven hundred numeral
tysiąc sto
one thousand one hundred.

eleven o'clock n
jedenasta
(In both the 12-hour clock and the 24-hour clock) The start of the twelfth hour of the day; 11:00 a.m. (11:00).

eleventh /iˈlɛv.ənθ/ /əˈlɛv.ənθ/ /ɪˈlɛv.ənθ/ adj
jedenasty
The ordinal form of the number eleven.

eleventy /ɪˈlɛvənti/ numeral
sto dziesięć
(informal) The number 110, 11 × 10.
(colloquial) An indefinite large number.

elf /ɛlf/ elfs elves n
elf
Any from a race of mythical, supernatural beings resembling but seen as distinct from human beings. They are usually delicate-featured and skilled in magic or spellcrafting; sometimes depicted as clashing with dwarves, especially in modern fantasy literature.

elflock elflocks n
kołtun
(now, _, rare) A lock of hair that is tangled.

elide /ɪˈlaɪd/ v
opuszczać opuścić pomijać pominąć
To leave out or omit (something).
połączyć
To conflate; to smear together; to blur the distinction between.

eligibility eligibilities n
elekcyjność obieralność wybieralność
The state, quality, or the fact of being eligible.

eligible /ˈel.ə.d͡ʒə.bəl/ /ˈɛl.ə.d͡ʒə.bəl/ /ˈɛl.ɪ.d͡ʒə.bəl/ more eligible most eligible adj
gotowy
Allowed to and meeting the necessary conditions required to participate in or be chosen for something

eliminate /iˈlɪm.ə.neɪt/ /iˈlɪm.ɪ.neɪt/ /əˈlɪm.ə.neɪt/ /əˈlɪm.ə.næɪt/ /ɪˈlɪm.ə.neɪt/ /ɪˈlɪm.ɪ.neɪt/ v
eliminować likwidować wyeliminować zlikwidować
(transitive) To completely remove, get rid of, put an end to.

elimination /ɪlɪmɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n/ eliminations n
eliminacja
The act of eliminating, expelling or throwing off.

elimination diet elimination diets n
dieta eliminacyjna
(medicine) A diagnostic procedure used to identify foods that an individual cannot consume without adverse effects.

eliminatory more eliminatory most eliminatory adj
eliminacyjny
Tending to eliminate.

elision /ɪˈlɪz.j(ə)n̩/ /ɪˈlɪʒ.(ə)n̩/ elisions n
elizja
(linguistics) The omission of a letter or syllable between two words or inside a word; sometimes marked with an apostrophe.

elite /eɪˈlit/ /iˈlit/ /əˈlit/ /əˈliːt/ /ɛˈliːt/ /ɪˈlit/ /ɪˈliːt/ [əˈlɪit] [ɪˈlɪit] eliter elitest more elite most elite adj
elita
Of high birth or social position; aristocratic or patrician.

elite /eɪˈlit/ /iˈlit/ /əˈlit/ /əˈliːt/ /ɛˈliːt/ /ɪˈlit/ /ɪˈliːt/ [əˈlɪit] [ɪˈlɪit] elites n
elita socjeta
A special group or social class of people which have a superior intellectual, social or economic status as, the elite of society.
najlepsza najlepszy
Someone who is among the best at a certain task.

elitism /eɪˈliːtɪzəm/ /ɪˈliːtɪzəm/ elitisms n
elityzm
The belief that a society or system should be run by an elite.

elixir /-ɪə(ɹ)/ /ə-/ /ɪˈlɪksə(ɹ)/ elixirs n
eliksir
(alchemy) A substance or liquid which is believed to cure all ills and give eternal life.

elixir of life elixirs of life n
eliksir młodości eliksir życia
(alchemy) A substance which when drunk brings immortality: eternal life, eternal youth

ellipse /iˈlɪps/ /əˈlɪps/ /ɪˈlɪps/ ellipses n
elipsa
(geometry) A closed curve, the locus of a point such that the sum of the distances from that point to two other fixed points (called the foci of the ellipse) is constant; equivalently, the conic section that is the intersection of a cone with a plane that does not intersect the base of the cone.

ellipsis /ɪˈlɪpsɪs/ ellipses n
wielokropek
(typography, mathematics) A mark consisting of (in English) three periods, historically or more formally with spaces in between, before, and after them, " . . . ", or, more recently, a single character, "…", used to indicate that words have been omitted in a text or that they are missing or illegible, or (in mathematics) that a pattern continues (e.g., 1, ..., 4 means 1, 2, 3, 4).
wielokropek elipsa wyrzutnia
(grammar, rhetoric) The omission of a word or phrase that can be inferred from the context.

elliptic /ɪˈlɪptɪk/ adj
eliptyczny
(mathematics, in combination, of certain functions, equations and operators) That has coefficients satisfying a condition analogous to the condition for the general equation for a conic section to be of an ellipse.

elliptical /əˈlɪp.tɪ.kəl/ /ɪˈlɪp.tɪ.kəl/ /ɪˈlɪp.tɪk.əl/ more elliptical most elliptical adj
eliptyczny
In a shape of, or reminding of, an ellipse; oval.
Of, or showing ellipsis; having a word or words omitted.

elm /ɛlm/ /ˈɛləm/ elms n
wiąz
(countable) A tree of the genus Ulmus of the family Ulmaceae, large deciduous trees with alternate stipulate leaves and small apetalous flowers.

elope /ɛˈloʊp/ /ɛˈləʊp/ /ɪˈloʊp/ /ɪˈləʊp/ v
uciec
(intransitive, of a married person) To run away from home with a paramour.
(intransitive, of an unmarried person) To run away secretly for the purpose of getting married with one's intended spouse; to marry in a quick or private fashion, especially without a public period of engagement.

eloquence /ˈɛl.ə.kwəns/ eloquences n
elokwencja
The quality of artistry and persuasiveness in speech or writing.

eloquent /ˈɛl.əˌkwənt/ more eloquent most eloquent adj
elokwentny
Fluently persuasive and articulate.

else /ɛls/ /ɛlts/ adj
inny
(postpositive, used only with indefinite or interrogative pronouns) Other; in addition to previously mentioned items.

else /ɛls/ /ɛlts/ adv
inaczej
(usually follows interrogative adverbs) Otherwise, if not.

elucidate /i-/ /əˈlusəˌdeɪt/ /ɪˈl(j)uːsɪdeɪt/ v
wyjaśniać objaśniać wyświetlać
(figurative) To make (something) clear and understandable; to clarify, to illuminate, to shed light on.

elusive /iˈl(j)u.sɪv/ /iˈl(j)uː.sɪv/ /ɪˈl(j)u.sɪv/ /ɪˈl(j)uː.sɪv/ more elusive most elusive adj
nieuchwytny
Evading capture, comprehension or remembrance.
Difficult to make precise.

elven /ˈɛlv(ə)n/ more elven most elven adj
elfi
Belonging or relating to, or characteristic of, elves; elfin, elflike. [from mid 20th c.]

em dash em dashes n
pauza
(typography) The symbol (—) (used to demarcate a parenthetical thought or to indicate a break, or for emphasis)

emaciated /-meɪ.ʃi-/ /-ˈmeɪ.si-/ /i-/ /ə-/ /əˈmeɪ.ʃi.eɪ.tɪd/ /ɪˈmeɪ.siˌeɪ.tɪd/ more emaciated most emaciated adj
wychudzony wynędzniały
Thin or haggard, especially from hunger or disease.

emaciation emaciations n
wychudzenie
The state of being emaciated or reduced to excessive leanness; an excessively lean condition.

email /ˈiˌmeɪl/ /ˈiːmeɪl/ emails n
e-mail mejl poczta elektroniczna
(uncountable) A system for transferring messages from one computer to another, usually through a network.
e-mail mejl mail
(uncountable) A quantity of messages sent through an email system.
(countable) A message sent through an email system.
adres mailowy adres mejlowy e-mail mail mejl
(countable, informal) An email address.

email /ˈiˌmeɪl/ /ˈiːmeɪl/ v
mailować mejlować
(intransitive) To send, or compose and send, an email or emails.

email list email lists n
lista dyskusyjna
An electronic mailing list consisting of a database of email addresses and sometimes other information.

emanate /ˈɛm.ə.ˌneɪt/ v
emanować
(intransitive) To come from a source; issue from.

emanation /ˌɛməˈneɪʃən/ emanations n
emanacja
The act of flowing or proceeding (of something, quality, or feeling) from a source or origin.
That which issues, flows, or proceeds from any object as a source; efflux; an effluence.
(uncountable, obsolete, physics, chemistry) The element radon (Rn)

emancipate /ɪˈmænsɪpeɪt/ v
emancypować wyemancypować
To set free from the power of another; to liberate; as:

emancipation /ɪˌmæn.səˈpeɪ.ʃən/ emancipations n
emancypacja wyzwolenie
The state of being thus set free; liberation (used, for example, of slaves from bondage, of a person from prejudices, of the mind from superstition, of a nation from tyranny or subjugation).

emballage emballages n
ambalaż

embalm /ɪmˈbɑlm/ /ɪmˈbɑm/ /ɪmˈbɑːm/ /ɪmˈbɔm/ v
balsamować zabalsamować
(transitive) To treat a corpse with preservatives in order to prevent decomposition.

embalmer embalmers n
balsamista
One who embalms a corpse; a practitioner of mortuary science.

embankment embankments n
nasyp wał
a long mound of earth, stone, or similar material, usually built for purposes such as to hold back or store water, for protection from weather or enemies, or to support a road or railway.

embargo /ɪmˈbɑɹɡoʊ/ /ɪmˈbɑːɡəʊ/ embargoes embargos n
embargo
An order by the government prohibiting ships from leaving port.
A ban on trade with another country.
A temporary ban on making certain information public.

embark /ɛmˈbɑɹk/ /ɛmˈbɑːk/ /ɪmˈbɑɹk/ /ɪmˈbɑːk/ v
ambarkować się wejść na pokład
(transitive) To cause to go on board a vessel or boat; to put on shipboard.

embarkation embarkations n
ambarkacja
The act of embarking.

embarrass /ɪmˈbæɹ.əs/ /ɪmˈbɛɹ.əs/ v
ambarasować wprawić w zakłopotanie zaambarasować zawstydzić
(transitive) to humiliate; to disrupt somebody's composure or comfort with acting publicly or freely; to abash.

embarrassing /ɪmˈbæɹəsɪŋ/ /ɪmˈbɛɹəsɪŋ/ more embarrassing most embarrassing adj
krępujący żenujący
Causing embarrassment; leading to a feeling of uncomfortable shame or self-consciousness.

embarrassment /ɪmˈbæɹəsmənt/ embarrassments n
zażenowanie
A state of discomfort arising from bashfulness or consciousness of having violated a social rule; humiliation.

embarrassment of riches embarrassments of riches n
embarras de richesse klęska urodzaju
(idiomatic) An abundance or overabundance of something; too much of a good thing.

embassy /ˈɛmbəsi/ embassies n
ambasada
An organization or group of officials who permanently represent a sovereign state in a second sovereign state or with respect to an international organization such as the United Nations.

ember /ˈɛm.bə/ /ˈɛm.bɚ/ embers n
żar
A piece of coal or wood glowing by heat; a hot coal.

emberizid emberizids n
trznadel
Any member of the taxonomic family Emberizidae of passerine birds.

embezzle /əmˈbɛzəl/ v
sprzeniewierzyć
(legal, business) To steal or misappropriate money that one has been trusted with, especially to steal money from the organisation for which one works.

embezzlement /ˌəmˈbɛzəlmənt/ /ˌɪmˈbɛzəlmənt/ embezzlements n
defraudacja malwersacja sprzeniewierzenie
(legal, business) The fraudulent conversion of property from a property owner.

emblem /ˈɛmbləm/ emblems n
emblemat godło
A representative symbol, such as a trademark or logo.

emblematic /ˌɛmbləˈmatɪk/ more emblematic most emblematic adj
emblematyczny
Serving as, or relating to a symbol, emblem or illustration of a type.

embodiment embodiments n
wcielenie ucieleśnienie uosobienie
(countable) A physical entity typifying an abstract concept.

embody /ɪmˈbɒdi/ v
ucieleśniać się wcielić się
(transitive) To represent in a physical or concrete form; to incarnate or personify.

embolism /ˈɛmbəlɪzəm/ embolisms n
zator
(pathology) An obstruction or occlusion of an blood vessel by an embolus, that is by a blood clot, air bubble or other matter that has been transported by the blood stream.

embrace /ɛmˈbɹeɪs/ /ɪmˈbɹeɪs/ embraces n
objęcie uścisk
An act of putting arms around someone and bringing the person close to the chest; a hug.

embrace /ɛmˈbɹeɪs/ /ɪmˈbɹeɪs/ v
obejmować objąć przytulać tulić przytulić uściskać
(transitive) To clasp (someone or each other) in the arms with affection; to take in the arms; to hug.
obejmować
(transitive, figuratively) To enfold, to include (ideas, principles, etc.); to encompass.

embrasure /ɪmˈbɹeɪʒə(ɹ)/ embrasures n
ambrazura
(architectural element, military) Any of the indentations between the merlons of a battlement; an opening in a wall or parapet through which ordnance can be fired.

embroider /ɪmˈbɹɔɪdə/ /ɪmˈbɹɔɪdɚ/ v
haftować wyhaftować
To stitch a decorative design on fabric with needle and thread of various colours.
koloryzować podkolorować podkolorowywać
(figuratively) To add imaginary detail to a narrative to make it more interesting or acceptable.

embroiderer embroiderers n
hafciarz
A person who embroiders

embroideress embroideresses n
hafciarka
female embroiderer

embroidery /ɪmˈbɹɔɪdəɹi/ embroideries n
haft
The ornamentation of fabric using needlework.
A piece of embroidered fabric.

embroil /əmˈbɹɔɪl/ /ɛm-/ /ɪmˈbɹɔɪl/ v
uwikłać się
To cause (someone) to be drawn into or involved in a difficult situation or state of contention.

embrown /əmˈbɹaʊn/ /ɛm-/ /ɪmˈbɹaʊn/ v
pociemniać
To make (something) brown; to brown.

embryo /ˈɛmbɹi.oʊ/ /ˈɛmbɹi.əʊ/ embryones embryos n
embrion zarodek
In the reproductive cycle, the stage after the fertilization of the egg that precedes the development into a fetus.
In humans, usually the cell growth of the child within the mother's body, through the end of the seventh week of pregnancy

embryonic /ˈɛm.bɹi.ɒn.ɪk/ more embryonic most embryonic adj
embrionalny zarodkowy
(embryology) Of or relating to an embryo.
zarodkowy
(figuratively) Of a project, etc: very new and still evolving; yet to reach its full potential.

emcee /ˌɛmˈsiː/ v
emce
(ambitransitive) To act as the master of ceremonies (for).

emerald /ˈɛm.(ə.)ɹəld/ more emerald most emerald adj
szmaragdowy szmaragd
Of a rich green colour.

emerald /ˈɛm.(ə.)ɹəld/ emeralds n
szmaragd
Any of various green gemstones, especially a green transparent form of beryl, highly valued as a precious stone.
Emerald green, a colour.

emerald tree boa emerald tree boas n
boa psiogłowy
Corallus caninus or

emergence /iˈmɜː.d͡ʒ(ə)ns/ /iˈmɝ.d͡ʒ(ə)ns/ /ɪˈmɜː.d͡ʒ(ə)ns/ /ɪˈmɝ.d͡ʒ(ə)ns/ emergences n
emergencja
In particular: the arising of emergent structure in complex systems.

emergency /iˈmɝ.d͡ʒən.si/ /əˈmɜː(ɹ).dʒən.si/ /əˈmɝ.d͡ʒən.si/ /ɪˈmɜː(ɹ).dʒən.si/ /ɪˈmɝ.d͡ʒən.si/ emergencies n
nagły wypadek sytuacja awaryjna sytuacja nadzwyczajna
A situation which poses an immediate risk and which requires urgent attention.

emergency department emergency departments n
szpitalny oddział ratunkowy
(healthcare) A department of a hospital where seriously ill or injured patients, often with life-threatening conditions that require urgent or immediate treatment, are brought in, usually by ambulance.

emergency exit emergency exits n
wyjście awaryjne wyjście ewakuacyjne
An exit that is designed to allow rapid evacuation in the case of emergencies such as a fire.

emergency landing emergency landings n
awaryjne lądowanie
(aviation) A sudden landing of an aircraft, made in case of an on-board emergency or another reason requiring an immediate landing.

emergency room emergency rooms n
SOR izba przyjęć szpitalny oddział ratunkowy
(United States, Canada, healthcare) A department of a hospital where seriously ill or injured patients, often with life-threatening conditions that require urgent or immediate treatment, are brought in, usually by ambulance.

emergency service emergency services n
służba ratownictwa
Any public service that deals with emergencies; especially the police, fire, ambulance, or lifeboat services.

emergency vehicle emergency vehicles n
pogotowie
A vehicle that is designated to respond to an emergency, such as a police car, ambulance, fire engine or lifeboat.

emeritus /-ˈmɚ-/ /əˈmɛɹətaɪ/ /əˈmɛɹətəs/ /ɪˈmɛɹɪtaɪ/ /ɪˈmɛɹɪtəs/ [-ɾəs] adj
honorowy
(often, postpositive) Retired, but retaining an honorific version of a previous title.

emery /ˈɛməɹi/ emeries n
szmergiel
(mineral) An impure type of corundum, often used for sanding or polishing.

emery paper emery papers n
szmergiel
An abrasive material, like sandpaper, made by gluing grains of emery to a cloth or paper surface.

emetic /əˈmɛt.ɪk/ more emetic most emetic adj
emetyczny wymiotny
(pharmaceutical effect) Causing nausea and vomiting.

emetic /əˈmɛt.ɪk/ emetics n
emetyk środek wymiotny
(pharmaceutical drug) An agent that induces vomiting.

emigrant /ˈɛmɪɡɹənt/ emigrants n
emigrant emigrantka
Someone who leaves a country to settle in a new country.

emigration emigrations n
emigracja
The act of emigrating; movement of a person or persons out of a country or national region, for the purpose of permanent relocation of residence.
A body of emigrants; emigrants collectively.

eminent /ˈɛmɪnənt/ more eminent most eminent adj
wspaniały znaczący
Noteworthy, remarkable, great.
znakomity eminentny znamienity
(of a person) Distinguished, important, noteworthy.

eminent domain n
wywłaszczenie ekspropriacja
(legal, US, Philippines) The right of a government over the private property within its jurisdiction. Usually invoked to compel land owners to sell their property in preparation for a major construction project such as a freeway.

emir /ɛˈmɪə(ɹ)/ /ˈɛmɪə(ɹ)/ emirs umara n
emir
A prince, commander or other leader or ruler in an Islamic nation.

emirate /ˈɛməɹət/ emirates n
emirat
A country ruled by an emir.

emissary /ˈɛmɪˌsɛɹi/ emissaries n
emisariusz emisariuszka
An agent sent on a mission to represent the interests of someone else.

emission /ɪˈmɪʃn̩/ /ɪˈmɪʃən/ emissions n
emisja
Something which is emitted or sent out; issue.
The act of emitting; the act of sending forth or putting into circulation.

emissive more emissive most emissive adj
emisyjny
Of, pertaining to, or having the capacity to emit radiation or matter; emitting

emitter /iːmɪtə/ /əmɪtə/ emitters n
emiter
That which emits something.
(electronics) One terminal of a bipolar transistor (BJT).

emmer /ˈɛmə/ /ˈɛmɚ/ emmers n
pszenica płaskurka płaskurka
Any of species Triticum dicoccon, one of a group of hulled wheats that are important food grains. [from 1908]

emo /ˈiː.moʊ/ emos n
emo
(uncountable, music) A particular style of hardcore punk rock [early 1990s]

emobility n
elektromobilność
The use of electric vehicles, including the technology and infrastructure to support that use.

emoji /iˈmoʊd͡ʒi/ /ɪˈmoʊd͡ʒi/ /ɪˈməʊdʒi/ emoji emojis n
emoji
A digital graphic icon with a unique code point used to represent a concept, object, person, animal or place, originally used in Japanese text messaging but since adopted internationally in other contexts such as social media. Or, by extension, any non-standard emoji-like image inserted inline in text, i.e. an image emoticon.

emolument /-jə-/ /əˈmɑljəmənt/ /ɛ-/ /ɪˈmɒljʊm(ə)nt/ emoluments n
uposażenie
(formal) Payment for employment or an office; compensation for a job, which is usually monetary.

emoticon /ɪˈmoʊtəˌkɑn/ /ɪˈməʊtɪˌkɒn/ emoticons n
emotikon emotikona emotka
A graphical representation of a particular emotion of the writer, used especially in SMS, email, or other electronic communication.

emotion /iˈmoʊʃən/ /ɪˈmoʊʃən/ /ɪˈməʊʃən/ emotions n
emocja
A person's internal state of being and involuntary physiological response to an object or a situation, based on or tied to physical state and sensory data.

emotional /iˈmoʊʃənəl/ /ɪˈmoʊʃnəl/ /ɪˈmoʊʃənəl/ /ɪˈməʊʃnəl/ /ɪˈməʊʃənəl/ more emotional most emotional adj
emocjonalny uczuciowy
Of or relating to the emotions.
emocjonalny gorący wrażliwy
Characterised by emotion.

emotional intelligence emotional intelligences n
inteligencja emocjonalna
(psychology) The ability, capacity, or skill to perceive, assess, and manage the emotions of oneself, of others, and of groups.

emotionality emotionalities n
emocjonalność
The state or quality of being emotional.

emotionless more emotionless most emotionless adj
beznamiętny bezuczuciowy
Lacking emotion.

emotionlessly more emotionlessly most emotionlessly adv
beznamiętnie

emotionlessness n
beznamiętność bezuczuciowość

emotive more emotive most emotive adj
emotywny
Of or relating to emotion.

empathize /ˈɛmpəˌθaɪz/ v
współczuć
(intransitive) to feel empathy for another person

empathy /ˈɛmpəθi/ empathies n
empatia
Identification with or understanding of the thoughts, feelings, or emotional state of another person.
The capacity to understand another person's point of view or the result of such understanding.

emperor /ˈempɘɹɘ/ /ˈempɹɘ/ /ˈɛmpəɹə/ /ˈɛmpəɹɚ/ /ˈɛmpɹə/ /ˈɛmpɹɚ/ emperors n
cesarz imperator car carz kajzer
Any monarch ruling an empire, irrespective of gender, with "empress" contrasting to mean the consort of an emperor.

emperor penguin emperor penguins n
pingwin cesarski
The largest of penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri), that inhabits Antarctica.

emphasis /ˈɛmfəsɪs/ [ˈeɱfəsəs] [ˈeɱfəsɪs] [ˈɛɱfəsəs] [ˈɛɱfəsɪs] emphases n
akcent nacisk
Special weight or forcefulness given to something considered important.
Special attention or prominence given to something.
akcent
Prominence given to a syllable or words, by raising the voice or printing in italic or underlined type.
(phonology) The phonetic or phonological feature that distinguishes emphatic consonants from other consonants.

emphasize /ˈɛm.fə.saɪz/ [ˈɛɱ.fə.saɪz] v
podkreślać podkreślić
(transitive) To stress, give emphasis or extra weight to (something).

emphatic /əmˈfætək/ /ɛmˈfætɪk/ /ɪm-/ more emphatic most emphatic adj
dobitny dosadny wyraźny
Characterized by emphasis; forceful.
kategoryczny stanowczy
Stated with conviction.

emphyteusis /ɛmfɪˈtjuːsɪs/ emphyteuses n
emfiteuza
(legal) A right to enjoyment of property with a given stipulation that the property will be improved or maintained in an agreed upon manner; long leasehold

empire /ˈɛm.paɪ̯.ə/ /ˈɛm.paɪ̯ə̯/ /ˈɛmˌpaɪ̯ɚ/ /ˈɛmˌpaɪ̯ɹ/ empires n
cesarstwo imperium
A political state, often a monarchy, that has achieved a much greater current size than its initial size by conquering surrounding territories, cities or nations.
A political unit ruled by an emperor or empress.
The group of states or other territories that owe allegiance to an imperial power (foreign to them), when distinguished from the native territory of that power; imperial possessions.

empiric /ɛmˈpɪɹɪk/ /ɪmˈpɪɹɪk/ empirics n
empiryk
(historical) A member of a sect of ancient physicians who based their theories solely on experience.

empirical /ɪmˈpɪɹɪkəl/ more empirical most empirical adj
empiryczny aposterioryczny
Pertaining to or based on experience (often, in contrast with having a basis in theoretical explanation) .

empirically more empirically most empirically adv
aposteriorycznie empirycznie
Based on experience as opposed to theoretical knowledge.

empiricism empiricisms n
empiryzm aposterioryzm
(philosophy) A doctrine which holds that the only or, at least, the most reliable source of human knowledge is experience, especially perception by means of the physical senses. (Often contrasted with rationalism.) [from 18th c.]
empiria
A pursuit of knowledge purely through experience, especially by means of observation and sometimes by experimentation. [from 19th c.]

empiricist empiricists n
empiryk
an advocate or supporter of empiricism

employ /ɛmˈplɔɪ/ /ɪmˈplɔɪ/ v
zatrudniać zatrudnić
(rare) To provide (someone) with a new job; to hire.

employed /ɛmˈplɔɪd/ /ɪmˈplɔɪd/ more employed most employed adj
zatrudniony

employee /(ˌ)ɪm-/ /ɛmplɔɪˈiː/ /ˌɛmˈplɔɪiː/ employees n
pracownik pracownica
An individual who provides labor to a company or another person.

employer /ɛmplɔɪˈə/ /ɛmˈplɔɪ.ɚ/ /ɛmˈplɔɪə/ /ɪmˈplɔɪ.ɚ/ /ɪmˈplɔɪə/ employers n
pracodawca pracodawczyni
A person, firm or other entity which pays for or hires the services of another person.

employment /ɛmˈplɔɪmənt/ /ɪmˈplɔɪmənt/ employments n
zatrudnienie
The state of being employed.

employment agency employment agencies n
pośredniak urząd pracy
An organisation that matches employers to employees.

employment contract employment contracts n
angaż umowa o pracę
(legal) A category of contract used in labor law to attribute right and responsibilities between parties to a bargain.

emporium /ɛmˈpoɹ.i.əm/ /ɛmˈpoː(ə)ɹ.i.əm/ /ɛmˈpɔːɹ.i.əm/ /ɪm-/ emporia emporiums n
emporium
(also, figuratively) A city or region which is a major trading centre; also, a place within a city for commerce and trading; a marketplace.

empress /ˈɛmpɹəs/ empresses n
cesarzowa imperatorowa
The female monarch (ruler) of an empire.

empress dowager empress dowagers empresses dowager empresses dowagers n
cesarzowa wdowa
The mother or widow of an emperor, especially in a Chinese, Japanese, Korean or Vietnamese empire.

emptiness emptinesses n
pustka
The state or feeling of being empty.

empty /ˈɛm.ti/ /ˈɛmp.ti/ emptier emptiest adj
pusty próżny
Devoid of content; containing nothing or nobody; vacant.

empty /ˈɛm.ti/ /ˈɛmp.ti/ v
opróżnić
(transitive, ergative) To make empty; to void; to remove the contents of.

empty nest empty nests n
puste gniazdo
A home or a family where the children have grown up and moved away.

empty set empty sets n
zbiór pusty
(set theory) The unique set that contains no elements, denoted ∅ or {}.

emptyhanded more emptyhanded most emptyhanded adj
odejść z pustymi rękami z pustymi rękami
Having nothing to offer; unable to give what was promised.

empyema /ɛm.paɪˈiː.mə/ /ɛm.pʌɪˈiː.mə/ empyemas empyemata n
ropniak
(medical sign) A collection of pus within a naturally existing anatomical cavity (as opposed to an abscess, which occurs in a newly formed cavity).

emu /ˈim(j)u/ /ˈiːmjuː/ emus n
emu
A large flightless bird native to Australia, Dromaius novaehollandiae. [from 18th c.]

emulation /-ʃɪn/ /ˌɛm.juˈleɪ̯.ʃən/ /ˌɛm.jʊˈleɪ̯.ʃən/ emulations n
imitowanie naśladownictwo
The endeavor or desire to equal or excel someone else in qualities or actions.
emulacja
(obsolete) Jealous rivalry; envy; envious contention.
(computing) Execution of a program or other software designed for a different system, by simulating parts of the other system.

emulator /ˈɛmjəˌleɪtəɹ/ emulators n
imitator imitatorka naśladowca naśladowczyni
A person or thing that emulates.
emulator
(computing) A piece of software or hardware that simulates another system.

emulsion emulsions n
emulsja
A stable suspension of small droplets of one liquid in another with which it is immiscible.

en bloc adv
en bloc
as a whole; all at once; all together.

en dash en dashes n
półpauza
(typography) The punctuation mark –, which is used, for instance, to indicate a range.

en masse /ɑn ˈmæs/ /ɒn ˈmæs/ /ɒ̃ ˈmæs/ /ɪn ˈmæs/ adv
en masse
In a single body or group; as one, together.

en passant /ˌɑn pæˈsɑnt/ /ˌɑn pəˈsɑnt/ /ˌɒ̃ pæˈsɒ̃/ adv
bicie w przelocie
(of capturing an enemy pawn in chess) By moving one's pawn to the square that the enemy pawn has just passed over.

en passant /ˌɑn pæˈsɑnt/ /ˌɑn pəˈsɑnt/ /ˌɒ̃ pæˈsɒ̃/ en passants n
bicie w przelocie
(chess) A move in which a pawn captures an opposing pawn on the same rank immediately after the latter has moved forward two squares on its first move in the game, as if it had moved forward only one square.

en route /ɑ(ː)n ɹu(ː)t/ /ɑ̃ ɹu(ː)t/ /ɒn ɹu(ː)t/ /ɛn ɹu(ː)t/
w drodze
On the way.
po drodze
Along the way.

enable /ɪˈneɪbəl/ v
umożliwiać umożliwić upełnomocnić uzdolnić
To make somebody able (to do, or to be, something); to give sufficient ability or power to do or to be; to give strength or ability to.
aktywować odblokować włączać
(chiefly, electronics, computing) To activate, to make operational (especially of a function of an electronic or mechanical device).

enamel /ɪˈnæməl/ enamels n
emalia
An opaque, glassy coating baked onto metal or ceramic objects.
A coating that dries to a hard, glossy finish.
szkliwo emalia
The hard covering on the exposed part of a tooth.

enamor /ɪˈnamə/ /ɪˈnæmɚ/ v
oczarować rozkochać
(mostly in the passive, followed by "of" or "with") To cause to be in love.

enamored /ɪˈnæməɹd/ more enamored most enamored adj
zakochany
In love, amorous.

enantiomer enantiomers n
enancjomer
(chemistry) One of a pair of stereoisomers that is the mirror image of the other, but may not be superimposed on this other stereoisomer. Almost always, a pair of enantiomers contain at least one chiral center, and a sample of either enantiomer will be optically active.

enantiotropic more enantiotropic most enantiotropic adj
enancjotropowy

encephalitis /ɛnˌkɛfəˈlaɪtɪs/ /ɛnˌsɛfəˈlaɪtɪs/ encephalitides n
zapalenie mózgu zapalenie mózgu
(pathology) Inflammation of the brain.

encephalo- prefix
encefalo-
Pertaining to the brain.

encephalon /-ˈsɛfəlɑn/ /ɛnˈsɛfəlɒn/ /ɛnˈsɛfələn/ /ɪn-/ [ɛnˈsɛfəln̩] [ɛnˈsɛfəlɔn] [ɪnˈsɛfəɫn̩] [ɪnˈsɛfəɫɑn] encephala encephalons n
mózgowie
(neuroanatomy) The area of central nervous system that includes all higher nervous centers, enclosed within the skull and continuous with the spinal cord; the brain.

encephalopathy /ɛnˌsɛfəˈlɒpəθi/ encephalopathies n
encefalopatia
(pathology, neurology) Any of various conditions affecting the brain.

enchant /enˈt͡ʃɐːnt/ /ɘnˈt͡ʃɐːnt/ /ɛnˈt͡ʃant/ /ɛnˈt͡ʃænt/ /ɛnˈt͡ʃɑːnt/ /ɪnˈt͡ʃant/ /ɪnˈt͡ʃænt/ /ɪnˈt͡ʃɑːnt/ /ˈɪnˌt͡ʃænt/ /ˈɪnˌt͡ʃɑːnt/ v
oczarować
To attract and delight, to charm.

enchanter /ənˈtʃɑːntə/ /ɛnˈtʃɑːntə/ /ɛnˈt͡ʃæntɚ/ /ɪnˈtʃɑːntə/ /ɪnˈt͡ʃæntɚ/ enchanters enchantress n
czarodziej czarownik
A spellcaster, conjurer, wizard, sorcerer or soothsayer who specializes in enchantments.

enchantress /-ɹəs/ /ɛnˈtʃɑːntɹɪs/ /ɛnˈt͡ʃæntɹɪs/ /ɪnˈtʃɑːntɹɪs/ /ɪnˈt͡ʃæntɹɪs/ enchanter enchantresses n
czarodziejka
A woman, especially an attractive one, skilled at using magic; an alluring witch.

enchilada /ˌɛn.t͡ʃɪˈlɑ.də/ enchiladas n
enchilada
A Mexican dish made by wrapping a filling in a tortilla, then baking in a sauce.

encipher v
zaszyfrować
To convert plain text into cipher; to encrypt

encircle /ɪnˈsɜːkl̩/ /ɪnˈsɝkl̩/ v
okrążać okrążyć otaczać otoczyć
(transitive) To surround, form a circle around.

encirclement /ɪnˈsɜː(ɹ)kəlmənt/ encirclements n
okrążenie
The act of encircling or the state of being encircled
otoczenie
(military) The isolation of a target by the formation of a blockade around it

enclave /ˈɑnkleɪv/ /ˈɑŋkleɪv/ /ˈɒ̃kleɪv/ /ˈɛnkleɪv/ /ˈɛŋkleɪv/ enclaves n
enklawa
A political, cultural or social entity or part thereof that is completely surrounded by another.

enclitic /ɛnˈklɪtɪk/ /ɪnˈklɪtɪk/ enclitics n
enklityka
(linguistics) A clitic that joins with the preceding word phonetically, graphically, or both.

enclosure /ɘnˈklɐʉʒɘ/ /ɛnˈkloʊʒəɹ/ /ɪnˈkloʊʒəɹ/ /ɪnˈkləʊʒə/ enclosures n
klauzura
(uncountable) The act of enclosing, i.e. the insertion or inclusion of an item in a letter or package.
(uncountable, by extension) The act of restricting access to ideas, works of art or technologies using patents or intellectual property laws.

encoder encoders n
koder szyfrator
A device or algorithm used to encode something.

encoding /ɪnˈkoʊdɪŋ/ /ɪnˈkəʊdɪŋ/ encodings n
kodowanie
(computing) The way in which symbols are mapped onto bytes, e.g. in the rendering of a particular font, or in the mapping from keyboard input into visual text.

encompass /-ˈkɑmpəs/ /ən-/ /ɛn-/ /ɪnˈkampəs/ /ɪnˈkʌmpəs/ v
otaczać otoczyć
(transitive) To form a circle around; to encircle.
obejmować
(transitive) To include within its scope; to circumscribe or go round so as to surround; to enclose; to contain.
(transitive) To include completely; to describe fully or comprehensively.

encore /ˈɑnkɔɹ/ /ˈɑŋkɔɹ/ /ˈɒŋkɔː/ /ˈɒ̃kɔː/ interjection
bis!
(said by audience members after a performance) Please perform again!

encore /ˈɑnkɔɹ/ /ˈɑŋkɔɹ/ /ˈɒŋkɔː/ /ˈɒ̃kɔː/ encores n
bis
A brief extra performance, done after the main performance is complete.

encore /ˈɑnkɔɹ/ /ˈɑŋkɔɹ/ /ˈɒŋkɔː/ /ˈɒ̃kɔː/ v
bisować
(intransitive) To call for an encore.
(intransitive) To perform an encore.

encounter /ɪnˈkaʊntə/ /ɪnˈkaʊntɚ/ /ɪŋˈkaʊntə/ /ɪŋˈkaʊntɚ/ encounters n
spotkanie
A meeting, especially one that is unplanned or unexpected.

encourage /ɪnˈkɝ.ɪd͡ʒ/ /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/ v
dopingować popierać wspierać
To mentally support; to motivate, give courage, hope or spirit.
zachęcać namawiać namówić zachęcić
To spur on, strongly recommend.
popierać
To foster, give help or patronage

encouragement [ɪnˈkʌɹɪd͡ʒmənt] encouragements n
zachęcanie
The act of encouraging

encroach /ɛŋˈkɹəʊtʃ/ /ɪŋˈkɹəʊtʃ/ v
naruszać
(intransitive) to intrude unrightfully on someone else’s rights or territory

encrypt /ɪnˈkrɪpt/ v
szyfrować
To conceal information by means of a code or cipher.

encryption /ɛnˈkɹɪpʃən/ /ɪnˈkɹɪpʃən/ /ɪŋˈkɹɪpʃən/ encryptions n
szyfrowanie
(cryptography) The process of obscuring information to make it unreadable without special knowledge, key files, or passwords.

encumbrance /-bɹən(t)s/ /ɛn-/ /ɪnˈkʌm.bɹəns/ encumbrances n
obciążenie
Something that encumbers; a burden that must be carried.
The state or condition of being encumbered.

encyclical /ɛnˈsɪklɪkəl/ encyclicals n
encyklika
A papal letter, intended for general circulation in the Catholic Church.

encyclopedia /ənˌsəɪ.kləˈpi.di.ə/ /ɪnˌsaɪ.kləˈpi(ː).di.ə/ encyclopediae encyclopedias encyclopediæ n
encyklopedia
A comprehensive reference work (often spanning several printed volumes) with articles (usually arranged in alphabetical order, or sometimes arranged by category) on a range of subjects, sometimes general, sometimes limited to a particular field.

encyclopedic more encyclopedic most encyclopedic adj
encyklopedyczny
Of or relating to the characteristics of an encyclopedia; concerning all subjects, having comprehensive information or knowledge.
(lexicography) Relating to or containing descriptive information rather than only linguistic or lexical information; about facts and concepts, and not only a word or term; including proper names, biographical and geographical information and illustrations.

end /iːnd/ /ɛnd/ /ɪnd/ ends n
koniec śmierć
(by extension) Death.
koniec
The most extreme point of an object, especially one that is longer than it is wide.
meta
(curling) A period of play in which each team throws eight rocks, two per player, in alternating fashion.

end /iːnd/ /ɛnd/ /ɪnd/ v
kończyć skończyć zakończyć
(transitive) To finish, terminate.

end in itself ends in themselves n
cel sam w sobie
Something that is desired for its own sake, and not as a means of obtaining something else.

end of the world ends of the world n
koniec świata
Destruction of Earth.
(idiomatic) Any change that seems catastrophic or devastating.

end result end results n
efekt końcowy

end times n
ostateczne czasy
(Christianity) The days leading up to the second coming of the Messiah (Christ), when the world will be judged.

end user end users n
użytkownik końcowy
The final consumer of a product; the intended recipient or user.

endanger /ɛnˈdeɪndʒə/ /ɛnˈdeɪnd͡ʒɚ/ /ɪnˈdeɪnd͡ʒɚ/ v
zagrażać zagrozić
(transitive) To put (someone or something) in danger; to risk causing harm to.

endangered more endangered most endangered adj
zagrożony
in danger, at risk, said of something where there is a strong possibility something bad will happen to it (for example, a species in danger of going extinct)

endeavor /ɛnˈdɛv.ɚ/ /ɪnˈdɛv.ə/ /ɪnˈdɛv.ɚ/ endeavors n
dążenie przedsięwzięcie próba usiłowanie
A sincere attempt; a determined or assiduous effort towards a specific goal; assiduous or persistent activity.

endeavor /ɛnˈdɛv.ɚ/ /ɪnˈdɛv.ə/ /ɪnˈdɛv.ɚ/ v
starać się usiłować
(intransitive) To attempt through application of effort (to do something); to try strenuously. [from 16th c.]

endemic /ɛnˈdɛm.ɪk/ /ɪnˈdɛm.ɪk/ adj
endemiczny
(especially of diseases) Prevalent in a particular area or region.

endemic /ɛnˈdɛm.ɪk/ /ɪnˈdɛm.ɪk/ endemics n
endemit
An individual or species that is endemic to a region.

endive /ɒnˈdiːv/ /ˈɒndiːv/ /ˈɛndaɪv/ /ˈɛndɪv/ endives n
endywia
A leafy salad vegetable, Cichorium endivia, which is often confused with common chicory (Cichorium intybus).

endless /ˈɛndləs/ /ˈɛndlɪs/ adj
bezkresny
Extending indefinitely.

endlessly /ˈɛndləsli/ more endlessly most endlessly adv
bez końca bezkreśnie
In an endless manner; continuously without limit.

endlessness endlessnesses n
bezkresność
The state or characteristic of being endless.

endo- prefix
endo-

endocardium endocardia endocardiums n
wsierdzie
(anatomy, cardiology) A thin serous membrane that lines the interior of the heart.

endocarp endocarps n
endokarp
(botany) The woody inner layer of the pericarp of some fruits that contains the seed.

endocrine /ˈɛnd.oʊ.kɹɪn/ /ˈɛndə(ʊ)kɹaɪn/ /ˈɛndə(ʊ)kɹɪn/ adj
dokrewny endokrynny hormonalny wewnątrzwydzielniczy
Pertaining to the endocrine glands or their secretions.

endocrine system endocrine systems n
endocrine system
(physiology) A control system of ductless glands that secrete hormones which circulate via the bloodstream to affect cells within specific organs.

endocrinological adj
endokrynologiczny
Of or pertaining to endocrinology.

endocrinologist /ˈɛn.dəʊ.kɹɪnˌɒl.ə.dʒɪst/ endocrinologists n
endokrynolog
A person who is skilled at, or practices, endocrinology.

endocrinology /ˌɛn.də.krɪˈnɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌɛn.də.krɪˈnɒ.lə.d͡ʒi/ endocrinologies n
endokrynologia
(physiology) The study of the endocrine glands of the human body, the hormones produced by them, and their related disorders.

endofunction endofunctions n
[[endo-]]funkcja
(mathematics) A function whose codomain is equal to its domain.

endofunctor endofunctors n
[[endo-]]funktor

endogamous adj
endogamiczny
(of a marriage) Taking place within a social group.

endogamy /ɛnˈdɒɡəmi/ endogamies n
endogamia
The practice of marrying or requiring to marry within one's own ethnic, religious, or social group.

endogenous /ɪnˈdɑ.d͡ʒə.nəs/ /ɪnˈdɒd͡ʒ.ə.nəs/ more endogenous most endogenous adj
endogenny endogeniczny
Produced, originating or growing from within.
endogeniczny endogenny
Of a natural process: caused by factors within the body.

endohedral adj
endohedralny

endometriosis /ˌɛndoʊˌmiːtɹiˈoʊsəs/ /ˌɛndoʊˌmiːtɹiˈoʊsɪs/ endometrioses n
endometrioza
(medicine, pathology) A condition characterised by the presence of endometrial-like tissue elsewhere than in the lining of the uterus; an instance of such presence.

endometrium /ˌɛndəˈmiːtɹi.əm/ endometria n
endometrium
(anatomy) The mucous membrane that lines the uterus in mammals and in which fertilized eggs are implanted.

endonym endonyms n
endonim
A name used by a group or category of people to refer to themselves or their language, as opposed to a name given to them by other groups.

endoplasmic reticulum endoplasmic reticula n
retikulum endoplazmatyczne
(cytology) A network of membranes within the cytoplasm of cells, where proteins and lipids are synthesized.

endorheic /-də/ /ˌɛndoʊˈɹiɪk/ /ˌɛndə(ʊ)ˈɹiːɪk/ adj
bezodpływowy
(hydrology) Of a basin or lake: having no outflow to an external body of water such as a river or ocean, and only losing water through evaporation or seepage into the ground.

endorphin /ɛnˈdɔ(ɹ)fɪn/ /ɛnˈdɔːfɪn/ endorphins n
endorfina
(biochemistry) Any of a group of peptide hormones found in the mammalian brain that act as neurotransmitters and have properties similar to morphine.

endorser endorsers n
żyrant
A person who endorses

endoscope endoscopes n
endoskop
An instrument used to examine a bodily orifice or canal, or a hollow organ.

endoscopy /ɛnˈdɔ.skə.pi/ endoscopies n
endoskopia
(medicine) The examination of a bodily orifice, canal or organ using an endoscope.

endosperm endosperms n
bielmo
(biology) The tissue surrounding the embryo of flowering plant seeds, that provides nutrition to the developing embryo; usually triploid.

endospermic adj
bielmowy

endothelium endothelia n
śródbłonek
(anatomy) A thin layer of flat epithelial cells that lines the heart, serous cavities, lymph vessels, and blood vessels.

endothermic /ˌɛndəʊˈθəːmɪk/ more endothermic most endothermic adj
stałocieplny
(zoology) Of an animal whose body temperature is regulated by internal factors.

endotoxin endotoxins n
endotoksyna
Any toxin secreted by a microorganism and released into the surrounding environment only when it dies.

endure /ɪnˈd(j)ʊɹ/ /ɪnˈdjɔː(ɹ)/ /ɪnˈdjʊə̯(ɹ)/ /ɪnˈdɝ/ /ɪnˈd͡ʒɔː(ɹ)/ /ɪnˈd͡ʒʊə̯(ɹ)/ v
wytrzymać
(intransitive) To continue or carry on, despite obstacles or hardships; to persist.

enduring /ɪnˈd(j)ʊɚ.ɪŋ/ /ɪnˈdjɔː.ɹɪŋ/ /ɪnˈdjʊə.ɹɪŋ/ /ɪnˈdɝ.ɪŋ/ more enduring most enduring adj
trwały wytrzymały
Long-lasting without significant alteration; continuing through time in the same relative state.

enema /ˈɛn.ə.mə/ enemas enemata n
lewatywa enema klizma
An injection of fluid into the large intestine by way of the rectum, usually for medical purposes.

enemy /ˈɛnəmi/ enemies n
wróg nieprzyjaciel nieprzyjaciółka przeciwniczka przeciwnik
Someone who is hostile to, feels hatred towards, opposes the interests of, or intends injury to someone else.
wrogi wraży
(attributive) Of, by, relating to, or belonging to an enemy.

enemy of the people enemies of the people n
wróg ludu
A political or class opponent of the subgroup in power within a larger group.

energetic /ˌɛnəˈdʒɛtɪk/ /ˌɛnɚˈd͡ʒɛtɪk/ more energetic most energetic adj
energiczny
(science) Possessing or pertaining to energy. [from 19th c.]

energetically more energetically most energetically adv
żwawo
In an energetic manner; with great energy.

energy /ˈɛn.ə.d͡ʒi/ /ˈɛn.ɚ.d͡ʒi/ energies n
energia
The impetus behind all motion and all activity.
The capacity to do work.
(physics) A quantity that denotes the ability to do work and is measured in a unit dimensioned in mass × distance²/time² (ML²/T²) or the equivalent.

energy drink energy drinks n
energetyk napój energetyczny
A highly caffeinated, sometimes carbonated, beverage containing added ingredients advertised as increasing alertness, performance etc.

energy medicine energy medicines n
bioenergoterapia bioterapia energoterapia

energy vampire energy vampires n
wampir energetyczny
(informal, derogatory) A person who is emotionally draining.

energyless adj
bezenergetyczny

enfilade /ˈɛnfəlˌeɪd/ /ˌɛnfəlˈeɪd/ enfilades n
amfilada
Gunfire directed along the length of a target.
(architecture) A series of doors that provide a vista when open.

engage /ɛnˈɡeɪd͡ʒ/ /ɪnˈɡeɪd͡ʒ/ v
angażować zaangażować
(ambitransitive) To draw into conversation.
(transitive) To engross or hold the attention of; to keep busy or occupied.
To attract, to please; (archaic) to fascinate or win over (someone).
angażować się zaangażować się
(intransitive) To enter into (an activity), to participate (construed with in).

engaged /ɛnˈɡeɪd͡ʒd/ /ɪnˈɡeɪd͡ʒd/ adj
narzeczona narzeczony
Having agreed to marry a particular person (one's fiancé or fiancée) or each other.

engagement /ɪnˈɡeɪd͡ʒ.mənt/ engagements n
zaręczyny
(countable, uncountable) The period of time when marriage is planned or promised.

engagement ring engagement rings n
pierścionek zaręczynowy
(jewelry) A ring given to one's fiancé(e) or intended fiancé(e), signifying a promise to wed, typically a gold band with one or more diamonds or other precious stones.

engine /ˈend͡ʒɘn/ /ˈend͡ʒən/ /ˈend͡ʒɪn/ /ˈɛnd͡ʒən/ /ˈɛnd͡ʒɪn/ /ˈɪnd͡ʒɪn/ engines n
silnik motor
A complex mechanical device which converts energy into useful motion or physical effects. [from 16th c.]
aparat mechanizm silnik
(computing) A software or hardware system responsible for a specific technical task (usually with qualifying word). [from 20th c.]

engine block engine blocks n
blok
The metal casting that contains the piston cylinders of an engine.

engine braking n
hamowanie silnikiem

engine displacement engine displacements n
objętość skokowa pojemność skokowa
The total volume of air/fuel mixture an engine can draw in during one complete engine cycle.

engine driver engine drivers n
maszynista

engine room engine rooms n
maszynownia siłownia
(nautical) A compartment on a ship in which the engine machinery is located.

engine-generator engine-generators n
agregat agregat prądotwórczy
A standalone machine that combines an electrical generator with an engine.

engineer /ˌɛn(d)ʒɪˈnɪə/ /ˌɛnd͡ʒɪˈnɪ(ə)ɹ/ engineers n
maszynista maszynistka
inżynier
Originally, a person engaged in designing, constructing, or maintaining engines or machinery; now (more generally) , a person qualified or professionally engaged in any branch of engineering, or studying to do so.

engineering /ˌɛn(d)ʒɪˈnɪə.ɹɪŋ/ /ˌɛn.d͡ʒɪˈnɪ(ə)ɹ.ɪŋ/ engineerings n
inżynieria
(uncountable) The application of mathematics and the physical sciences to the needs of humanity and the development of technology.

engineless adj
bezsilnikowy

english /ˈɪŋ.ɡlɪʃ/ n
angielski
(uncountable, North American) Spinning or rotary motion given to a ball around the vertical axis, as in pool, billiards or bowling; spin, sidespin.

engr. n
inż.
abbreviation of engineer

engrave /ɪnˈɡɹeɪv/ v
grawerować rytować
(transitive) To carve text or symbols into (something), usually for the purposes of identification or art.

engraving engravings n
grawerstwo rytownictwo
(art) The practice of incising a design onto a hard, flat surface, by cutting grooves into it.
grawerka
(printing) The art of producing an image from an engraved printing form, typically made of copper.

engrossing /ɛnˈɡɹoʊsɪŋ/ /ɛnˈɡɹəʊsɪŋ/ /ɛŋˈɡɹoʊsɪŋ/ /ɛŋˈɡɹəʊsɪŋ/ more engrossing most engrossing adj
arcyciekawy przeciekawy
Utterly consuming one's time and attention.

engrossingly more engrossingly most engrossingly adv
arcyciekawie przeciekawie
In an engrossing way.

enhance /ɛnˈhæns/ /ɪnˈhæns/ /ɪnˈhɑːns/ v
polepszać polepszyć poprawiać poprawić
To improve something by adding features.

enigma /əˈnɪɡmə/ /ɪˈnɪɡmə/ enigmas enigmata n
zagadka enigma tajemnica
Something or someone puzzling, mysterious or inexplicable.
zagadka enigma
A riddle, or a difficult problem.

enigmatic /ˌɛnɪɡˈmætɪk/ more enigmatic most enigmatic adj
enigmatyczny zagadkowy
Pertaining to an enigma.
zagadkowy
Mysterious.

enjambment /ɪn.ˈd͡ʒæm.mənt/ /ɪn.ˈd͡ʒæmb.mənt/ enjambments n
przerzutnia
A technique in poetry whereby a sentence is carried over to the next line without pause.

enjoy /ənˈd͡ʒɔɪ/ /ɛnˈd͡ʒɔɪ/ /ɪnˈd͡ʒɔɪ/ v
cieszyć pocieszyć podobać się spodobać się
(transitive) To receive pleasure or satisfaction from something.

enjoy your holiday phraseologicalUnit
miłych wakacji!
(This entry is a translation hub.)

enjoyment /ənˈd͡ʒɔɪmənt/ /ɛnˈd͡ʒɔɪmənt/ /ɪnˈd͡ʒɔɪmənt/ enjoyments n
przyjemność uciecha zadowolenie
(uncountable) The condition of enjoying anything.

enlarge /ɪnˈlɑɹd͡ʒ/ /ɪnˈlɑːd͡ʒ/ v
powiększać powiększyć rozszerzać rozszerzyć
(transitive) To make (something) larger.

enlargement /ɪnˈlaːd͡ʒ.mənt/ /ɪnˈlɑɹd͡ʒ.mənt/ /ɪnˈlɑːd͡ʒ.mənt/ enlargements n
powiększenie zwiększenie
An act or instance of making something larger.

enlarger enlargers n
powiększalnik
(photography) An optical device used to make enlarged prints from a photographic negative

enlighten /ənˈlaɪtən/ /ɛnˈlaɪtən/ /ɪnˈlaɪtən/ v
oświecać uświadamiać
(transitive) To supply with light.
(transitive, figurative) To make something clear to (someone); to give knowledge or understanding to.

enlightened absolutism enlightened absolutisms n
absolutyzm oświecony

enlightenment /-laɪtmənt/ /ənˈlaɪtənmənt/ /ɪnˈlaɪtənmənt/ enlightenments n
oświecenie
An act of enlightening, or the state of being enlightened or instructed.
A concept in spirituality, philosophy and psychology related to achieving clarity of perception, reason and knowledge.

enlist /ɛnˈlɪst/ /ɪnˈlɪst/ v
zapisać zapisywać
(intransitive) To voluntarily join a cause or organization, especially military service.
werbować zwerbować
(transitive) To recruit the aid or membership of others.

enlistment enlistments n
werbunek
Voluntary service based on an individual's desire to serve a cause.

enmity /ˈɛm.nɪ.ti/ /ˈɛn.mɪ.ti/ enmities n
wrogość nieprzyjaźń
The quality of being an enemy; hostile or unfriendly disposition.
A state or feeling of opposition, hostility, hatred or animosity.

enneacontagon enneacontagons n
90[[kąt|-okąt]]
(geometry) A polygon with 90 sides and 90 angles.

enneacontahedron enneacontahedra n
90[[ściana|-ościan]]

enneacontahexagon enneacontahexagons n
96-okąt
(geometry) A polygon with ninety six sides and ninety six angles.

enneadecagon enneadecagons n
dziewiętnastokąt
(geometry) A polygon with nineteen sides and nineteen angles.

enneagon /ˈɛ.niː.ə.ɡən/ enneagons n
dziewięciokąt dziewięciobok
(geometry) A polygon with nine sides; a nonagon.

enneagram enneagrams n
enneagram
(mathematics) A nine-pointed stellate polygon

enneahedron enneahedra enneahedrons n
dziewięciobok

ennoble /ɪˈnəʊbəl/ v
uszlachcać uszlachcić
To bestow with nobility, honour or grace.

ennoblement ennoblements n
nobilitacja
(countable) The act of ennobling or something which ennobles

ennui /ɑnˈwi/ /ɒnˈwiː/ ennuis n
znużenie
A gripping listlessness or melancholia caused by boredom; depression.

enol enols n
enol
(organic compound) An organic compound containing a hydroxyl group bonded to a carbon atom which is doubly bonded to another carbon atom.

enormous /iˈnɔɹ.məs/ /ɪˈnoː.məs/ /ɪˈnɔɹ.məs/ /ɪˈnɔː.məs/ more enormous most enormous adj
olbrzymi ogromny
Extremely large; greatly exceeding the common size, extent, etc.

enough /i-/ /ə-/ /ɪˈnʌf/ adv
dosyć dość wystarczająco na tyle
Sufficiently.

enough /i-/ /ə-/ /ɪˈnʌf/ determiner
dość wystarczająco
Sufficient; all that is required, needed, or appropriate.

enough /i-/ /ə-/ /ɪˈnʌf/ interjection
basta dosyć dość starczy wystarczy
Stop! Don't do that any more!

enough is enough /iˌnʌf‿ɪz iˈnʌf/ /ə-/ /ɪˌnʌf‿ɪz ɪˈnʌf/ phraseologicalUnit
wystarczy
One should be satisfied; nothing additional is required.
miarka się przebrała
Especially as an expression of exasperation: the limit of patience or tolerance has been reached.

enqueue v
zakolejkować
(transitive, computing) To add an item to a queue. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

enrage /ɪnˈɹeɪd͡ʒ/ v
denerwować rozwścieczać wkurwiać wkurzać
(transitive) To fill with rage; to provoke to frenzy; to make furious.

enrapture /ɛnˈɹæpt͡ʃə(ɹ)/ /ɪnˈɹæpt͡ʃə(ɹ)/ v
oczarować zachwycić
(transitive) To fill with great delight or joy; to fascinate or captivate.

enrich /ɪnˈɹɪt͡ʃ/ v
bogacić wzbogacać
(transitive) To make (someone or something) rich or richer. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

enriched uranium n
wzbogacony uran
(chemistry, military) Uranium enriched with a higher than normal amount of the fissile isotope U-235; used in nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons.

enriching more enriching most enriching adj
wzbogacający

enrichment enrichments n
wzbogacenie
The act of enriching or something enriched.
The process of making enriched uranium.

enrollment enrollments n
nabór
The act of enrolling or the state of being enrolled.

ensemble /ˌɑnˈsɑm.bəl/ /ˌɒnˈsɒm.bəl/ /ˌɒ̃nˈsɒ̃m.blə/ /ˌɒ̃nˈsɒ̃m.bl̩/ ensembles n
ansambl ensemble
(collective) A group of musicians, dancers, actors, etc who perform together; e.g. the chorus of a ballet company.

ensign /ˈɛn.saɪn/ /ˈɛn.sən/ /ˈɛn.sɪn/ [ˈɛn.sn̩] ensigns n
chorąży
A badge of office, rank, or power.
A flag or banner carried by military units; a standard or color/colour.
bandera
Any prominent flag or banner.

enslave /ɪnˈsleɪv/ v
zniewalać zniewolić
(transitive) To make subservient; to strip one of freedom; enthrall.

enslavement enslavements n
zniewolenie
The act of enslaving or the state of being a slave; bondage

ensmallen /ɛnˈsmɔlən/ /ɪnˈsmɔːlən/ v
pomniejszać pomniejszyć
(humorous, transitive) To make smaller.

ensorcell /ɛnˈsɔɹsəl/ /ɛnˈsɔːs(ə)l/ /ɪn-/ v
oczarować zaczarować zaklinać
(transitive) To bewitch or enchant.

ensue /ɛnˈsjuː/ /ɛnˈsjʉː/ /ɛnˈʃuː/ /ɪnˈsjuː/ /ɪnˈsuː/ /ɪnˈʃuː/ v
wynikać następować
(obsolete, transitive) To follow (in time), to be subsequent to. [15th–17th c.]

ensure /ɪnˈʃɔː/ /ɪnˈʃɝ/ /ɪnˈʃʊə/ /ɪnˈʃʊɹ/ v
upewniać upewnić utwierdzić zapewniać zapewnić
(intransitive) To make sure or certain of something (usually some future event or condition). [from 18th c.]

enter /ˈɛntə(ɹ)/ /ˈɛntɚ/ [ˈɛɾ̃ɚ] [ˈɪɾ̃ɚ] v
wchodzić wejść
(transitive) To cause to go (into), or to be received (into); to put in; to insert; to cause to be admitted.

enter the equation v
wchodzić w grę

enteric /ɛnˈtɛɹɪk/ adj
jelitowy
Of, relating to, within, or by way of the intestines

entero- prefix
entero-

enterprise /ˈɛntəˌpɹaɪz/ /ˈɛntɚˌpɹaɪz/ enterprises n
przedsiębiorstwo antrepryza
A company, business, organization, or other purposeful endeavor.
przedsiębiorczość
(uncountable) A willingness to undertake new or risky projects; energy and initiative.

enterprise union enterprise unions n
związek zawodowy
A form of trade union where all members work for the same company rather than having the same trade.

enterprising more enterprising most enterprising adj
przedsiębiorczy
Very able and ingenious in business dealings or social advancement.

entertain /ˌɛntəˈteɪn/ /ˌɛntɚˈteɪn/ [ˌɛɾ̃ɚˈtʰeɪn] v
bawić gościć
(transitive, and, intransitive) To have someone over at one's home for a party or visit.
brać pod uwagę wziąć pod uwagę
(transitive) To receive and take into consideration; to have a thought in mind.
bawić zabawiać
(obsolete) To take or keep in one's service; to maintain; to support; to harbour; to keep.

entertaining more entertaining most entertaining adj
zabawny zajmujący
Very amusing; that entertains.

entertainment /ˌɛn.təˈteɪn.mənt/ /ˌɛn.tɚˈteɪn.mənt/ entertainments n
rozrywka zabawa
An activity designed to give pleasure, enjoyment, diversion, amusement, or relaxation to an audience, no matter whether the audience participates passively as in watching opera or a movie, or actively as in games.
widowisko
A show put on for the enjoyment or amusement of others.

enthalpy /ˈɛn.θəl.piː/ enthalpies n
entalpia zawartość cieplna
(thermodynamics, chemistry) A measure of the heat content of a chemical or physical system.

enthrall /ɪnˈθɹɔːl/ v
oczarować zafascynować
To hold spellbound.
zniewolić
(now, rare) To make subservient.

enthrallingly more enthrallingly most enthrallingly adv
arcyciekawie przeciekawie
In an enthralling way.

enthronement enthronements n
intronizacja
The act of enthroning or the state of being enthroned.

enthusiasm /-θuː-/ /-θɪu̯-/ /ɛn-/ /ɪnˈθjuːziæz(ə)m/ enthusiasms n
entuzjazm
Intensity of feeling; excited interest or eagerness.

enthusiast /-æst/ /-əst/ /-ˈθju-/ /-ˌæst/ /-θjuː-/ /-θïɯ-/ /en-/ /ɛn-/ /ɪnˈθu.ziˌɪst/ /ɪnˈθuː.ziˌæst/ /ɪ̞nˈθʊʉ.ziˌəst/ enthusiasts n
entuzjasta czciciel czcicielka entuzjastka hołdownik miłośniczka
A person filled with or guided by enthusiasm.

enthusiastically more enthusiastically most enthusiastically adv
entuzjastycznie
In an enthusiastic manner.

entice /ɪnˈtaɪs/ v
wabić zachęcać kusić mamić nęcić zachęcić
(transitive) To lure; to attract by arousing desire or hope.

entire /ənˈtaɪə/ /ənˈtaɪɚ/ /ɪnˈtaɪə/ /ɪnˈtaɪɚ/ adj
cały
Morally whole; pure; sheer.

entirely /ɪnˈtaɪəli/ /ɪnˈtaɪɹli/ adv
zupełnie całkowicie
To the full or entire extent.

entirety /-ˈtaɪ.ə.ti/ /-ˈtʌɪɹəti/ /ɛn-/ /ɪnˈtaɪ.ə.ɹɪ.ti/ /ɪnˈtaɪ.ə.ɹɪti/ entireties n
całość
The whole; the complete or amount.

entitle /ənˈtaɪ.təl/ /ənˈtaɪtəl/ /ɛnˈtaɪ.təl/ v
tytułować utytułować zatytułować
To dignify by an honorary designation.
tytułować utytułować
To give a title to a book, film, play, etc.

entitled /ɪnˈtaɪtl̩d/ more entitled most entitled adj
zatytułowany
(literally) Having a title.
uprawniony
Having a legal or moral right or claim to something.
roszczeniowy
(figuratively) Convinced of one's own righteousness (self-righteousness) or the justifiability of one's actions or status, especially wrongly so; demanding and pretentious.

entitledness n
roszczeniowość
The quality of feeling entitled, convinced of one's own deservingness or superiority, and of shifting blame and responsibility to others; demandingness; pretense.

entity /ˈɛn.tɪ.ti/ entities n
istnienie jednostka
That which has a distinct existence as an individual unit. Often used for organisations which have no physical form.
istnienie
The existence of something considered apart from its properties.
The state or quality of being or existence.

entomo- prefix
entomo-

entomological adj
entomologiczny
Of or pertaining to entomology.

entomologist entomologists n
entomolog entomolożka owadoznawca owadoznawczyni
A scientist who studies insects.

entomology n
entomologia owadoznawstwo
The scientific study of insects, and (informally) of other arthropods (and occasionally other invertebrates).

entomophilic more entomophilic most entomophilic adj
owadopylny
Of, pertaining to, or pollinated by entomophily

entomophily /ɛntəˈmɒfəliː/ n
owadopylność
(botany) pollination by insects

entourage /ˈɑn.tə.ɹɑʒ/ /ˈɑ̃ː.tʊ.ɹɑːʒ/ /ˈɒn.tʊ.ɹɑːʒ/ entourages n
asysta orszak świta asystencja
A retinue of attendants, associates or followers.

entr'acte /ɑ̃.tɹækt/ /ɒnˈtɹækt/ /ɒ̃ˈtɹækt/ /ˈɑnˌtɹækt/ /ˈɑnˌtɹɑkt/ /ˈɒn.tɹækt/ /ˈɒ̃.tɹækt/ entr'actes n
antrakt
An interval between two acts of a play or opera.

entrails /ˈɛn.tɹeɪlz/ /ˈɛn.tɹəlz/ n
bebechy wnętrzności wątpia
The internal organs of an animal, especially the intestines. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

entrance /ˈɛn.tɹəns/ entrances n
wejście
The act of taking possession, as of property, or of office.

entrance examination entrance examinations n
egzamin wstępny
An examination used by an educational institution to select which students it will grant admission to.

entreat /ənˈtɹiːt/ /ɛnˈtɹiːt/ /ɪnˈtɹiːt/ v
apelować zaapelować
To beseech or supplicate (a person); to prevail upon by prayer or solicitation; to try to persuade.

entrecôte /ˈɑntɹəkəʊt/ /ˈɑntɹəˌkoʊt/ entrecôtes n
antrykot
A premium cut of beef used for steaks and roasts.

entrepreneur /ˌɑn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɝ/ /ˌɑn.tɹə.pɹəˈnʊɚ/ /ˌɑ̃.tɹə.pɹəˈnɜː/ /ˌɒn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɜː/ entrepreneurs n
przedsiębiorca przedsiębiorczyni
A person who organizes and operates a business venture and assumes much of the associated risk.

entrepreneurial /ˌɑn.tɹə.prəˈnɝ.i.əl/ /ˌɒn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɜː.ɹi.əl/ /ˌɔn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɜː.ɹi.əl/ more entrepreneurial most entrepreneurial adj
przedsiębiorczy
Having the spirit, attitude or qualities of an entrepreneur; enterprising.

entrepreneurship /ˌɑn.trə.prəˈnɝ.ʃɪp/ /ˌɑn.trə.prəˈnʊɚ.ʃɪp/ /ˌɒn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɜːʃɪp/ entrepreneurships n
przedsiębiorczość
The quality of being an entrepreneur.

entresol entresols n
antresola
A mezzanine; an intermediate floor in a building, typically resembling a balcony; most often, the floor immediately above the ground floor and below a higher floor.

entropy /ˈɛntɹəpi/ entropies n
entropia
(Boltzmann definition) A measure of the disorder directly proportional to the natural logarithm of the number of microstates yielding an equivalent thermodynamic macrostate.
(thermodynamics, countable) A measure of the amount of energy in a physical system that cannot be used to do work.
(statistics, information theory, countable) A measure of the amount of information and noise present in a signal.
(uncountable) The tendency of a system that is left to itself to descend into chaos.

entrust /ɪnˈtɹʌst/ v
powierzyć
(transitive) To trust to the care of.

entry /ˈɛntɹi/ entries n
wejście
The act of entering.
A doorway that provides a means of entering a building.
wstęp wjazd
(uncountable) Permission to enter.
hasło
An item in a list, such as an article in a dictionary or encyclopedia.
wpis
A record made in a log, diary or anything similarly organized; (computing) a datum in a database.

entry fee entry fees n
opłata za wejście wejściówka
Money needed to gain admittance to an event or an organisation

entry-level adj
podstawowy
Simple enough to be appropriate to an inexperienced person, or to someone who does not need advanced features.

entryphone entryphones n
domofon
An intercom system which enables someone, without opening the door, to converse with the person who has rung the doorbell.

entryway entryways n
wejście wjazd
An opening or hallway allowing entry into a structure.

entwine /ɪnˈtwaɪn/ v
oplatać przeplatać splatać
To twist or twine around something (or one another).

enumerate /ɪˈn(j)u.məˌɹeɪt/ /ɪˈnjuː.məˌɹeɪt/ v
policzyć
To specify each member of a sequence individually in incrementing order.
odliczać odliczyć
To determine the amount of.

envelope /ˈɑn.vəˌlop/ /ˈɑ̃.və.ləʊp/ /ˈɒn.və.ləʊp/ /ˈɛn.və.ləʊp/ /ˈɛn.vəˌlop/ envelopes n
koperta
A paper or cardboard wrapper used to enclose small, flat items, especially letters, for mailing.
otoczka powłoka
Something that envelops; a wrapping.
obwiednia
(geometry) A mathematical curve, surface, or higher-dimensional object that is the tangent to a given family of lines, curves, surfaces, or higher-dimensional objects.
(electronics) A curve that bounds another curve or set of curves, as the modulation envelope of an amplitude-modulated carrier wave in electronics.
(music) The shape of a sound, which may be controlled by a synthesizer or sampler.

enviable /ˈɛnvi.əbl̩/ more enviable most enviable adj
godny pozazdroszczenia
Arousing or likely to arouse envy.

envier enviers n
zawistnica zawistnik zazdrośnica zazdrośnik
One who envies.

envious /ˈɛnviːəs/ more envious most envious adj
zazdrosny zawistny
Feeling or exhibiting envy; jealously desiring the excellence or good fortune of another; maliciously grudging
zawistny
(obsolete) Malignant; mischievous; spiteful.

enviously more enviously most enviously adv
zawistnie zazdrośnie
in an envious manner or to an envious degree

environment /-mɪnt/ /ənˈ-/ /ɪnˈvaɪɚ(n)mənt/ /ɪnˈvaɪɹə(n)mənt/ environments n
środowisko ekosystem środowisko przyrodnicze
The natural world or ecosystem.
środowisko otoczenie
A particular political or social setting, arena or condition.
środowisko
(computing) The software and/or hardware existing on any particular computer system.

environmental audit environmental audits n
audyt ekologiczny
(business, ecology) A set of evaluations conducted to measure the compliance of a legal entity with the environmental legislation and provide its management with recommendations on improving the environmental indicators.

environmental protection n
ochrona środowiska
The practice of protecting the natural environment by individuals, organizations and governments.

environmentalist environmentalists n
ekolog zielony
One who advocates for the protection of the environment and biosphere from misuse from human activity through such measures as ecosystem protection, waste reduction and pollution prevention.

envisage /ɛnˈvɪzɪd͡ʒ/ /ɪnˈvɪzɪd͡ʒ/ v
przedstawiać
To conceive or see something within one's mind; to imagine or envision.

envoy /ˈɑn.vɔɪ/ /ˈɛn.vɔɪ/ envoys n
wysłannik
A representative.

envy /ˈɛnvi/ envies n
zazdrość zawiść
Resentful desire of something possessed by another or others (but not limited to material possessions). [from 13th c.]

envy /ˈɛnvi/ v
zazdrościć
(transitive) To feel displeasure or hatred towards (someone) for their good fortune or possessions. [from 14th c.]

enzymatic adj
enzymatyczny
Of, relating to, or caused by enzymes.

enzyme /ˈɛn.zaɪm/ enzymes n
enzym
(biochemistry) A globular protein that catalyses a biological chemical reaction.

eo ipso /ˌeɪəʊ ˈɪpsəʊ/ adv
eo ipso
Through or by that very act or quality; thereby.

eo- /iːoʊ/ /iːəʊ/ prefix
eo-

eon /ˈeɪ.ɑn/ /ˈeɪ.ɒn/ /ˈi.ɑn/ /ˈiː.ɒn/ /ˈiː.ən/ eons n
wieczność
Eternity, the duration of the universe.
eon
(geology) The longest geochronologic unit, being a period of hundreds of millions of years; subdivided into eras.
(Gnosticism, usually spelled aeon or æon) A spirit being emanating from the Godhead.

eparch eparchs n
eparch
(historical, Ancient Greece) The governor or prefect of a province.

eparchy /ˈɛpˌɑɹ.ki/ /ˈɛpˌɑː.ki/ eparchies n
eparchia
(historical, Ancient Rome) A district of the Roman Empire at the third echelon
(Christianity) In Eastern Christendom, a diocese of a bishop.

epaulette /ˈɛpəlɛt/ /ˌɛpəˈlɛt/ epaulettes n
epolet pagon naramiennik galon
An ornamentation, worn on the shoulders of a military uniform, as a sign of rank.

ependymoma ependymomas ependymomata n
wyściółczak
(disease, oncology) A tumour of the central nervous system.

epenthesis /ɪˈpɛn.θə.sɪs/ epentheses n
epenteza
(phonetics, prosody) The insertion of a phoneme, letter, or syllable into a word, usually to satisfy the phonological constraints of a language or poetic context.

epenthetic /ˌɛpənˈθɛtɪk/ adj
epentetyczny
(phonology, phonetics) Of or pertaining to epenthesis.
(phonology, of a phoneme or syllable) Inserted into a word.

ephedra /ɪˈfɛdɹə/ /ˈɛfɪdɹə/ ephedras n
przęśl
Any plant of the genus Ephedra of gymnosperm shrubs.
A stimulant derived from the plant Ephedra sinica used in traditional Chinese herbal medicine and in over-the-counter weight-loss aids.

ephedrine /ɪˈfɛ.dɹɪn/ /ˈɛf.ə.dɹiːn/ /ˈɛf.ə.dɹɪn/ ephedrines n
efedryna
(biochemistry, pharmaceutical drug) A crystalline alkaloid drug C10H15NO obtained from a Chinese ephedra (Ephedra sinica) or synthesized that has the physiological action of epinephrine. It causes constriction of the blood vessels and widening of the bronchial passages and is used in the form of its hydrochloride or sulfate to relieve asthma and hay fever.

ephemera /ɪˈfɛməɹə/ n
efemeryda
Objects, including collectable items, that are designed to be short-lived.
akcydens
(library science) Published single-sheet or single page documents which are meant to be thrown away after one use.

ephemeral /əˈfɛ.mə.ɹəl/ /ɛˈfɛ.mə.ɹəl/ more ephemeral most ephemeral adj
efemeryczny ulotny
Lasting for a short period of time.
efemeryczny
(biology) Existing for only one day, as with some flowers, insects, and diseases.

ephemerally more ephemerally most ephemerally adv
efemerycznie
In an ephemeral manner.

ephemeris /ɪˈfɛməɹəs/ /ɪˈfɛməɹɪs/ ephemerides ephemerises n
efemeryda
(astronomy, nautical) A table giving the apparent position of celestial bodies throughout the year; normally given as right ascension and declination.

ephod /ˈiː.fɒd/ /ˈɛ.fɒd/ ephods n
efod
(biblical, Judaism) A priestly apron, or breastplate, described in the Bible in Exodus 28: vi–xxx, which only the chief priest of ancient Israel was allowed to wear.

epi- prefix
epi-

epic /ˈep.ɪk/ /ˈɛp.ɪk/ more epic most epic adj
epicki epiczny
Of or relating to an epic.
epicki
(colloquial, slang, informal) Extending beyond the usual or ordinary.

epic /ˈep.ɪk/ /ˈɛp.ɪk/ epics n
epos epopeja poemat epicki
An extended narrative poem in elevated or dignified language, celebrating the feats of a deity, demigod (heroic epic), other legend or traditional hero.

epicanthus /ˈɛpɪkˌanθəs/ /ˈɛpɪkˌænθəs/ epicanthi n
zmarszczka nakątna
(anatomy) A skin fold of the upper eyelid, typical of East Asians.

epicentre /ˈɛpɪˌsɛntə/ /ˈɛpɪˌsɛntɚ/ epicentres n
epicentrum
(seismology) The point on the land or water surface directly above the focus, or hypocentre, of an earthquake.
(military) The point on the surface of the earth directly above an underground explosion.
(figuratively, proscribed) The focal point of any activity, especially if dangerous or destructive.

epicist epicists n
epik
One who writes epics.

epiclesis epicleses n
epikleza
(Christianity) A prayer invoking the Holy Spirit, especially one offered in the liturgical context of the Eucharist so as to change the elements of bread and wine into the body and blood of Jesus.

epicondyle epicondyles n
nadkłykieć
(anatomy) A protuberance above the condyle of a bone to which ligaments or tendons are attached.

epicrisis /ɪˈpɪk.ɹə.sɪs/ epicrises n
epikryza
A critical or analytical study, evaluation, or summing up, especially of a medical case history.

epicure /ˈɛpɪkjʊə/ /ˈɛpɪkjʊɹ/ epicures n
smakosz
A person who takes particular pleasure in fine food and drink.

epicycloid epicycloids n
epicykloida
(geometry) The locus of a point on the circumference of a circle that rolls without slipping on the circumference of another circle.

epidemic /ˌɛpɪˈdɛmɪk/ more epidemic most epidemic adj
epidemiczny
Like or having to do with an epidemic; widespread.

epidemic /ˌɛpɪˈdɛmɪk/ epidemics n
epidemia
A widespread disease that affects many individuals in a population.
(epidemiology) An occurrence of a disease or disorder in a population at a frequency higher than that expected in a given time period; an episode of outbreak and subsequent high prevalence.

epidemiological adj
epidemiologiczny
Of or pertaining to epidemiology.

epidemiologist epidemiologists n
epidemiolog
(epidemiology) A scientist (often a medical doctor) who specializes in epidemiology.

epidemiology /ˈɛp.ɪ.diː.miː.ɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌɛp.ɪˌdi.miˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌɛp.ɪˌdɛm.iˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ epidemiologies n
epidemiologia
(sciences) The branch of science dealing with the spread and control of diseases, viruses, concepts etc. throughout populations or systems.

epidermis /ˌɛ.pə.ˈdɝ.məs/ /ˌɛ.pɪ.ˈdɜː.mɪs/ epidermides epidermises n
naskórek
The outer, protective layer of the skin of vertebrates, covering the dermis
naskórek blaszka
The similar outer layer of cells in invertebrates and plants

epididymis /ɛpiˈdɪdɪmɪs/ epididymides epididymises n
najądrze
(anatomy) A narrow, tightly-coiled tube connecting the efferent ducts from the rear of each testicle to its vas deferens, where sperm are stored during maturation.

epigenetic /ˌɛpɪd͡ʒəˈnɛtɪk/ adj
epigenetyczny
(genetics) Of or relating to epigenetics.

epigenetics /ˌɛpɪd͡ʒəˈnɛtɪks/ n
epigenetyka
(genetics) The study of the processes involved in the genetic development of an organism, especially the activation and deactivation of genes.
(genetics) The study of heritable changes caused by the activation and deactivation of genes without any change in DNA sequence.

epiglottis /ˌɛ.pə.ˈɡlɑ.tɪs/ /ˌɛ.pɪ.ˈɡlɒ.tɪs/ epiglottides epiglottises n
nagłośnia
(anatomy) A cartilaginous organ in the throat of terrestrial vertebrates covering the glottis when swallowing to prevent food and liquid from entering the trachea, and in Homo sapiens also a speech organ.

epigone /ˈɛpəɡoʊn/ /ˈɛpəɡɑn/ /ˈɛpəɡəʊn/ /ˈɛpɪɡoʊn/ /ˈɛpɪɡɑn/ /ˈɛpɪɡəʊn/ epigones n
epigon
An undistinguished or inferior imitator of a well known artist or their style.

epigraph /ˈɛpɪˌɡɹæf/ epigraphs n
epigraf
An inscription, especially on a building.
epigraf motto
A literary quotation placed at the beginning of a book or other text.

epigraphically adv
epigraficznie
In terms of epigraphs.

epilator epilators n
depilator
An electrically-powered device used for hair removal by mechanically grasping multiple hairs simultaneously and pulling them out.

epilepsy /ˈɛpɪlɛpsi/ epilepsies n
epilepsja padaczka
(pathology) A medical condition in which the sufferer experiences seizures (or convulsions) and blackouts.

epilogue /ˈɛp.ɪ.lɒɡ/ /ˈɛpɪlɑɡ/ /ˈɛpɪlɔɡ/ epilogues n
epilog posłowie
A brief oration or script at the end of a literary piece; an afterword

epimer /ˈɛpɪmə(ɹ)/ epimers n
epimer
(chemistry) Any diastereoisomer that has the opposite configuration at only one of the stereogenic centres.

epinephrine /ɛpɪˈnɛfɹɪn/ epinephrines n
epinefryna
(hormone, neurotransmitter, organic compound, medicine) A catecholamine hormone and neurotransmitter; as a hormone, secreted by the adrenal gland in response to stress (when it stimulates the autonomic nervous system); as a neurotransmitter, synthesized from norepinephrine. It is also used as a medication.

epiphany /ɛˈpɪfəni/ /ɪˈpɪfni/ /ɪˈpɪfəni/ epiphanies n
epifania objawienie olśnienie
An illuminating realization or discovery, often resulting in a personal feeling of elation, awe, or wonder.
epifania objawienie
A manifestation or appearance of a divine or superhuman being.

epiphenomenalism epiphenomenalisms n
epifenomenalizm
(philosophy, psychology, countable) Such a doctrine, as advanced by a particular thinker or school of thought.

epiphenomenon /-fɪ-/ /-nən/ /ˌɛpəfəˈnɑmənə/ /ˌɛpəfəˈnɑməˌnɑn/ /ˌɛpɪfəˈnɒmɪnə/ /ˌɛpɪfəˈnɒmɪnən/ epiphenomena epiphenomenons n
epifenomen
(philosophy, psychology) A mental process or state that is an incidental by-product of physiological events in the brain or nervous system.

epiphyte /ˈɛpɪfɑɪt/ epiphytes n
epifit
(botany) A plant that grows on another, using it for physical support but obtaining no nutrients from it and neither causing damage nor offering benefit; an air plant.

episcopal /əˈpɪs.kə.pl̩/ more episcopal most episcopal adj
biskupi
Of or relating to the affairs of a bishop in various Christian churches.

episiotomy /əˌpiːziːˈɒtəmiː/ /ˌɛpəsaɪˈɒtəmiː/ episiotomies n
episiotomia nacięcie krocza
(medical) A surgical incision through the perineum made to enlarge the vagina and assist childbirth.

episode /ˈep.ɪ.səʉd/ /ˈɛp.ə.soʊd/ /ˈɛp.ɪ.səʊd/ episodes n
epizod
An incident, action, or time period standing out by itself, but more or less connected with a complete series of events.
odcinek epizod
An instalment of a drama told in parts, as in a TV series.

episodic /ˌɛpɪˈsɑdɪk/ more episodic most episodic adj
epizodyczny

episodic memory episodic memories n
pamięć epizodyczna

epistemic circularity epistemic circularities n
cyrkularność epistemologiczna
(epistemology, uncountable) The quality of being such a circle.

epistemological /ɪˌpɪstəməˈlɑd͡ʒəkəl/ /ɪˌpɪstəməˈlɒd͡ʒɪkl̩/ more epistemological most epistemological adj
epistemologiczny gnoseologiczny
Of or pertaining to epistemology or theory of knowledge, as a field of study.

epistemologically more epistemologically most epistemologically adv
epistemologicznie gnoseologicznie
In a manner that pertains to epistemology.

epistemologist epistemologists n
epistemolog
A person, especially a philosopher, who studies theory of knowledge.

epistemology /iˌpɪs.təˈmɑl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /əˌpɪs.təˈmɑl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /ɛˌpɪs.tiˈmɔl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /ɛˌpɪs.təˈmɑl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /ɪˌpɪs.təˈmɑl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /ɪˌpɪs.təˈmɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ epistemologies n
epistemologia gnoseologia teoria poznania
(uncountable) The branch of philosophy dealing with the study of knowledge; the theory of knowledge, asking such questions as "What is knowledge?", "How is knowledge acquired?", "What do people know?", "How do we know what we know?", "How do we know it is true?", and so on.

epistle /ɪˈpɪs(ə)l/ /ɪˈpɪsl̩/ epistles n
epistoła list
(chiefly, literary, or, humorous) A letter, especially one which is formal or issued publicly.
list
One of the books of the New Testament which was originally a letter issued by an apostle to an individual or a community.

epistolary /ɪˈpɪst(ə)ˌləɹi/ more epistolary most epistolary adj
epistolarny listowny
Of or relating to letters, or the writing of letters.
epistolarny
In the manner of written correspondence.

epitaph /ˈɛp.ɪˌtæf/ /ˈɛp.ɪˌtɑːf/ epitaphs n
epitafium
An inscription on a gravestone in memory of the deceased.
A poem or other short text written in memory of a deceased person.

epithalamium /ɛpɪθəˈleɪmɪəm/ epithalamia epithalamiums n
epitalamium
A song or poem celebrating a marriage.

epithalamus n
nadwzgórze
(anatomy, neuroanatomy) The dorsal posterior segment of the diencephalon; it includes the habenula, the stria medullaris and the pineal body.

epithelium /ˌɛpɪˈθiːlɪəm/ epithelia epitheliums n
nabłonek tkanka graniczna tkanka nabłonkowa
(anatomy) A membranous tissue composed of one or more layers of cells which forms the covering of most internal and external surfaces of the body and its organs: internally including the lining of vessels and other small cavities, and externally being the skin.

epithet /ˈɛp.əˌθɛt/ /ˈɛp.ɪˌθɛt/ epithets n
epitet
A term used to characterize a person or thing.
A term used as a descriptive substitute for the name or title of a person.
An abusive or contemptuous word or phrase.
(taxonomy) A word in the scientific name of a taxon following the name of the genus or species. This applies only to formal names of plants, fungi and bacteria. In formal names of animals the corresponding term is the specific name.

epitome /əˈpɪt.ə.mi/ /ɪˈpɪt.ə.mi/ epitomai epitomes n
ucieleśnienie
The embodiment or encapsulation of a class of items.

epitrachelion /-ˈkiː-/ /ˌɛpɪtɹɑˈkiliɔn/ /ˌɛpɪtɹəˈkiliɒn/ /ˌɛpɪtɹəˈkiljən/ epitrachelions n
epitrachelion
(Eastern Orthodoxy) The liturgical vestment worn by priests and bishops of the Eastern Orthodox Church as the symbol of their priesthood, corresponding to the Western stole.

epitrochoid epitrochoids n
epitrochoida
A geometric curve traced by a fixed point on one circle which rotates around the perimeter of another circle. Examples include the shape of the Wankel engine

epizootiological adj
epizootiologiczny

epoch /ˈeɪˌpɑk/ /ˈiˌpɑk/ /ˈiːpɒk/ /ˈɛp.ək/ /ˈɛpək/ /ˈɛpˌɑk/ epochs n
epoka
A particular period of history, or of a person's life, especially one considered noteworthy or remarkable.
(geology) A geochronologic unit of hundreds of thousands to millions of years; a subdivision of a period, and subdivided into ages (or sometimes subepochs).

epochal more epochal most epochal adj
epokowy
Of or pertaining to an epoch.
epokowy przełomowy
(figurative) Highly important or significant; monumental, epoch-making.

eponym /ˈɛpənɪm/ eponyms n
eponim
A real or fictitious person or thing whose name has given rise to the name of a particular item.
A word formed from a real or fictive person’s name.

eponymous /əˈpɑnəməs/ /ɛ-/ /ɪˈpɒnɪməs/ more eponymous most eponymous adj
eponimiczny tytułowy
Of, relating to, or being the person or entity after which someone or something is named; serving as an eponym.

epoophoron epoophora n
nadjajnik
(anatomy) A group of tubules, a remnant of the Wolffian body, often found near the ovary or oviduct.

epopee /ˈɛpəpiː/ epopees n
epopeja
(rare, literary) an epic, saga

epoxide /ˈipɑksaɪd/ epoxides n
epitlenki
(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compound, cyclic ethers, having a three-membered ring; they are prepared by the selective oxidation of alkenes or by ring-closure of halohydrins; used to make plastics.

epoxy resin epoxy resins n
żywica epoksydowa
Any of a class of polyether resins, used for coatings, adhesives and foam.

epsilon /ɛpˈsaɪ.lən/ /ˈɛp.sɪ.lən/ /ˈɛp.sɪˌlɑn/ /ˈɛp.sɪˌlɒn/ epsila epsilons n
epsilon
The name for the fifth letter of the Greek alphabet, ε or Ε, preceded by delta (Δ, δ) and followed by zeta (Ζ, ζ).
błahostka
(computing, colloquial) Something negligible or insignificant.

equal /ˈiːkwəl/ /ˈiːkəl/ more equal most equal adj
równy jednakowy
(not comparable) The same in all respects.
równy
(mathematics, not comparable) Exactly identical, having the same value.

equal rights n
równouprawnienie
The concept that every person is to be treated equally by the law.

equal sign equal signs n
równa się znak równania znak równości
A symbol (=) used in mathematics to indicate that two values are the same, and elsewhere in various other ways, such as (formerly) to separate the signature from the content of a telegram.

equality /ɪˈkwɑ.lɪ.ti/ /ɪˈkwɒl.ɪ.ti/ [ɪˈkwɑ.lɪ.ɾi] equalities n
równość
(mathematics) The fact of being equal, of having the same value.
równość adekwacja
The equal treatment of people irrespective of social or cultural differences.

equation /ɪˈkweɪʃən/ /ɪˈkweɪʒən/ equations n
równanie
(astronomy) A small correction to observed values to remove the effects of systematic errors in an observation.

equator /iˈkweɪ.tɚ/ /ɪˈkweɪ.tə/ /ɪˈkweɪ.tɚ/ equators n
równik
(geography, often, _, “the Equator”) An imaginary great circle around Earth, equidistant from the two poles, and dividing earth's surface into the northern and southern hemisphere.

equatorial /ˌɛkwəˈtɔːɹiəl/ more equatorial most equatorial adj
równikowy
of, near, or relating to the equator

equestrian more equestrian most equestrian adj
jeździecki
Of horseback riding or horseback riders.

equestrianism equestrianisms n
jeździectwo
The art or sport of riding horses.

equiangular adj
równokątny
(geometry) Of a polygon, having all interior angles equal. This is not necessarily a regular polygon, since that would also be equilateral; a rectangle is equiangular but not equilateral, unless it is a square.

equilateral adj
równoboczny
(geometry, of a polygon) Having all the sides equal.

equilateral triangle equilateral triangles n
trójkąt równoboczny
(geometry) A triangle having all three sides equal.

equilibrist equilibrists n
ekwilibrysta ekwilibrystka
(archaic) A tightrope walker.

equilibrium /iːkwɪˈlɪbɹɪəm/ /ɛkwɪˈlɪbɹɪəm/ equilibria equilibriums n
równowaga
The condition of a system in which competing influences are balanced, resulting in no net change.
(chemistry) The state of a reaction in which the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are the same.
(physics) The state of a body at rest or in uniform motion in which the resultant of all forces on it is zero.
równowaga psychiczna
Mental balance.

equine /ˈiˌkwaɪn/ /ˈiːˌkwaɪn/ /ˈɛˌkwaɪn/ more equine most equine adj
koński
Of or relating to a horse or horses.

equinoctial /ˌiː.kwəˈnɑk.ʃəl/ /ˌɛk.wəˈnɑk.ʃəl/ /ˌɛk.wɪˈnɒk.ʃəl/ adj
równonocny
(astronomy) Of or relating to the spring or autumnal equinox.

equinox /ˈi-/ /ˈiː-/ /ˈɛkwəˌnɑks/ /ˈɛkwɪnɒks/ /ˌi-/ /ˌiː-/ /ˌɛkwəˈnɑktiz/ /ˌɛkwɪˈnɒktiːz/ equinoctes equinoxes n
równonoc ekwinokcjum
One of two times in the year (one in March and the other in September) when the length of the day and the night are equal, which occurs when the Earth is squarely facing the sun and the sun is directly overhead at the equator; this marks the beginning of spring in one hemisphere and autumn in the other.

equinumerous adj
równoliczny
(mathematics) Having equal cardinality.

equip /ɪˈkwɪp/ v
wyposażyć wyposażać
(transitive) To supply with something necessary in order to carry out a specific action or task; to provide with (e.g. weapons, provisions, munitions, rigging)

equipment /ɪˈkwɪpmənt/ equipments n
wyposażanie
The act of equipping, or the state of being equipped, as for a voyage or expedition.
sprzęt wyposażenie oprzyrządowanie przybory
Any items used in equipping something or someone, for example things needed for an expedition or voyage.

equivalence /ɪˈkwɪv.ə.ləns/ equivalences n
równoważność równoważności
(uncountable) The condition of being equivalent or essentially equal.

equivalence relation equivalence relations n
relacja równoważności
(set theory) A binary relation that is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.

equivalent /ɪˈkwɪvələnt/ more equivalent most equivalent adj
ekwiwalentny odpowiadający odpowiedni równoważny
Similar or identical in value, meaning or effect; virtually equal.

equivalent /ɪˈkwɪvələnt/ equivalents n
odpowiednik równoznacznik zamiennik
Anything that is virtually equal to something else, or has the same value, force, etc.

equivalent weight equivalent weights n
gramorównoważnik
(chemistry) The atomic weight of an element or radical divided by its valence; the molecular weight of a compound divided by its combining power in a specific reaction.

equivocation /əˌkwɪvəˈkeɪʃn/ /ɪˌkwɪvəˈkeɪʃn̩/ /ɪˌkwɪvəˈkeɪʃən/ equivocations n
ekwiwokacja
(logic) A logical fallacy resulting from the use of multiple meanings of a single expression.
The use of expressions susceptible of a double signification, possibly intentionally and with the aim of misleading.

era /ˈɛɹ.ə/ /ˈɪə.ɹə/ /ˈɪɚ.ə/ [ˈɪə̯.ɹə] eras n
era
A time period of indeterminate length, generally more than one year.

eradicate /ɪˈɹæd.ɪ.keɪt/ v
wykorzenić
(transitive) To pull up by the roots; to uproot.
wytępić
(transitive) To destroy completely; to reduce to nothing radically; to put an end to; to extirpate.

eradication eradications n
wykorzenienie
The act of plucking up by the roots; an uprooting; extirpation; utter destruction.

erase /ɪˈɹeɪs/ /ɪˈɹeɪz/ v
wymazać wymazywać zetrzeć ścierać
(intransitive) To be erased (have markings removed, have information removed, or be cleared of information).

eraser /ɪˈɹeɪsɚ/ /ɪˈɹeɪzə/ erasers n
gumka
(North America, Philippines) A thing used to erase or remove something written or drawn by a pen or a pencil.

erbium /ˈɜː.bɪ.əm/ /ˈɝ.bi.əm/ erbiums n
erb
A chemical element (symbol Er) with atomic number 68: a silvery-white metal, in nature always found in combination with other elements.

erect /ɪˈɹɛkt/ v
wznieść
(transitive) To put up by the fitting together of materials or parts.

erectile dysfunction n
zaburzenie erekcji
(medicine, pathology) The inability of a male to achieve or sustain an erection.

erection /ɪˈɹɛkʃən/ erections n
erekcja wzniesienie
(uncountable) The act of building or putting up or together of something.
erekcja wzwód
(uncountable, physiology) The physiological process by which erectile tissue, such as a penis or clitoris, becomes erect by being engorged with blood.
(uncountable, physiology, of a penis or clitoris) The state or quality of being erect from engorgement with blood.

ergo /ˈɛɚɡoʊ/ /ˈɝɡoʊ/ conjunction
zatem ergo przeto więc
therefore (especially in syllogisms)

ergo- prefix
ergo-

ergonomics /əːɡəˈnɒmɪks/ /ˌɝɡəˈnɑmɪks/ n
ergonomia
The science of the design of equipment, especially so as to reduce operator fatigue, discomfort and injury. [from c. 1950.]

ergonym /ˈɜː(ɹ)ɡənɪm/ ergonyms n
ergonim

ergot /ˈərɡət/ /ˈərˌɡɑt/ /ˈəːɡɒt/ /ˈəːɡət/ ergots n
buławinka sporysz
The sclerotium (wintering stage) of certain fungi in the genus Claviceps, appearing as a deformed grain in certain cereals and grasses infected by the fungi.

eristic eristics n
erystyka
A type of dialogue or argument where the participants do not have any reasonable goal. The aim is to argue for the sake of conflict, and often to see who can yell the loudest.

erm /ɜːm/ /ɝm/ interjection
hm hmm
(UK) Used in hesitant speech, or to express uncertainty; um, umm.

ermine /ˈɜːmɪn/ /ˈɝmɪn/ ermine ermines n
gronostaj
A weasel found in northern latitudes (Mustela erminea in Eurasia, Alaska, and the Arctic, Mustela haidarum in Haida Gwaii, Mustela richardsonii in the rest of North America); its dark brown fur turns white in winter, apart from the black tip of the tail.
(tincture) A white field with black spots.
gronostaje
The white fur of this animal, traditionally seen as a symbol of purity and used for judges' robes.

erogenous zone erogenous zones n
strefa erogenna
(sexuality) A part of the human body that is particularly responsive to sexual stimulation.

erosion /əˈɹoʊʒən/ /əˈɹəʊʒən/ erosions n
erozja
(uncountable) The result of having been worn away or eroded, as by a glacier on rock or the sea on a cliff face.
(uncountable) The changing of a surface by mechanical action, friction, thermal expansion contraction, or impact.
(uncountable, figurative) The gradual loss of something as a result of an ongoing process.
(uncountable) Destruction by abrasive action of fluids.

erotic /ɪˈɹɑtɪk/ /ɪˈɹɒtɪk/ more erotic most erotic adj
erotyczny
Relating to or tending to arouse sexual desire or excitement.

erotica /ɪˈɹɒt.ɪkə/ eroticas n
erotyka erotyzm
(uncountable) Erotic literature, art, decoration, or other such work.

eroticism eroticisms n
erotyka erotyzm
the state of being erotic, or of being sexually aroused
sexual excitement, especially if abnormally persistent

erotomania erotomanias n
erotomania
A disorder in which a person has a delusion of a romantic relationship with another person.

err /ɛə(ɹ)/ /ɛɚ/ /ɜː(ɹ)/ /ɝ/ v
błądzić mylić pomylić popełniać błąd popełnić błąd zbłądzić

err on the side of caution v
zachować ostrożność zachowywać ostrożność
(idiomatic) To act in the least risky manner in a situation in which one is uncertain about the consequences.

errand /ˈɛɹənd/ errands n
sprawa
The purpose of such a journey.

errand boy errand boys n
chłopiec na posyłki
A male employed to run errands.

errant /ˈɛɹ(ə)nt/ /ˈɛɹənt/ more errant most errant adj
błędny
Straying from the proper course or standard, or outside established limits.

errata /ɛˈɹɑtə/ /ɛˈɹɑːtə/ n
errata
An added page in a printed work where errors which are discovered after printing and their corrections (corrigenda) are listed.

erroneous /ɛɹˈoʊ.ni.əs/ /ɛɹˈəʊ.nɪ.əs/ /ɪˈɹoʊ.ni.əs/ /ɪˈɹəʊ.nɪ.əs/ more erroneous most erroneous adj
błędny
Containing an error; inaccurate.

error /ɛɚ/ /ˈɛɹ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈɛɹ.ɚ/ errors n
błąd pomyłka omyłka
(countable) A mistake; an accidental wrong action or a false statement not made deliberately.
błąd pomiaru
(statistics, countable) The difference between a measured or calculated value and a true one.

error /ɛɚ/ /ˈɛɹ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈɛɹ.ɚ/ v
pokazać błąd pokazywać błąd
(computing) To function improperly due to an error, especially accompanied by error message.
sprawiać błąd sprawić błąd
(telecommunications) To show or contain an error or fault.

error message error messages n
komunkat o błędzie
(computing) A message displayed when a failure condition occurs, usually on a computer or device.

error-proneness error-pronenesses n
skłonność do błędów

errorless adj
bezbłędny
(not comparable) Free from errors; accurate, correct.

errorlessly adv
bezbłędnie
Without errors.

errorlessness n
bezbłędność

ersatz /ɛəɹˈsɑːts/ /ɛəɹˈzɑːts/ /ˈɛəzæts/ /ˈɛəɹsɑts/ /ˈɛəɹzɑts/ /ˈɜːsæts/ /ˈɝsæts/ [ɛəɹˈsɑːts] ersatzes n
erzac
Something made in imitation; an effigy or substitute.

erstwhile /ˈɜː(ɹ)st.waɪl/ /ˈɝst.waɪl/ adj
były
(literary, legal, or, India) Former, previous.

erudition /ˌɛɹʊˈdɪʃən/ eruditions n
erudycja oczytanie
Profound knowledge acquired from learning and scholarship.

eruption /ɪˈɹʌpʃən/ eruptions n
erupcja
A violent ejection, such as the spurting out of lava from a volcano.
A sudden release of pressure or tension.

eruptive /ɪˈɹʌptɪv/ more eruptive most eruptive adj
erupcyjny

erysipelas /ˌɛ.ɹɪˈsɪp.ɪl.əs/ /ˌɛɹ.əˈsɪp.ləs/ /ˌɛɹ.əˈsɪp.əl.əs/ /ˌɪɹ.əˈsɪp.ləs/ /ˌɪɹ.əˈsɪp.əl.əs/ erysipelases n
róża
(disease) An acute, sometimes recurrent febrile disease caused by infection of a hemolytic streptococcus, associated with intense edematous local inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, and marked by large raised red patches on the skin.

erysipeloid erysipeloids n
różyca
(disease, usually, uncountable) A mild cutaneous infection by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in humans that resembles erysipelas.

erythema /ˌɛɹəˈθiːmə/ erythemas erythemata n
rumień erytema
Abnormal redness and inflammation of the skin, due to vasodilation.

erythro- prefix
erytro-
Used to form scientific terms meaning red, or showing a relationship to red blood cells.

erythromycin /ɪˌɹɪθ.ɹə(ʊ)ˈmʌɪ.sɪn/ /ɪˌɹɪθ.ɹəˈmaɪ.sn̩/ erythromycins n
erytromycyna

erythropoiesis erythropoieses n
erytropoeza
The production of red blood cells (in bone marrow)

escalade /ˈɛskəˌleɪd/ /ˈɛskəˌlɑd/ /ˌɛskəˈleɪd/ v
wspinać się
(military, dated) To scale the walls of a fortification.

escalate /ˈɛs.kjə.leɪt/ /ˈɛs.kə.leɪt/ v
nasilać się nasilić się
(ambitransitive) To increase (something) in extent or intensity; to intensify or step up.

escalation /ˈɛs.kəˌleɪ.ʃən/ escalations n
eskalacja nasilenie
an increase or rise, especially one to counteract a perceived discrepancy
eskalacja
a deliberate or premeditated increase in the violence or geographic scope of a conflict

escalator /ˈɛs.kə.leɪ.tə/ /ˈɛs.kə.leɪ.tɚ/ escalators n
eskalator ruchome schody
A motor-driven mechanical device consisting of a continuous loop of steps that automatically conveys people from one floor to another.

escalope /ˈɛskəˌloʊp/ /ˈɛskəˌlɒp/ /ˌɛskəˈloʊp/ escalopes n
eskalop eskalopek eskalopka
A thin slice of meat, especially veal or poultry.

escape /əˈskeɪp/ /ɛ-/ /ɛk-/ /ɪk-/ /ɪˈskeɪp/ escapes n
ucieczka
The act of leaving a dangerous or unpleasant situation.

escape /əˈskeɪp/ /ɛ-/ /ɛk-/ /ɪk-/ /ɪˈskeɪp/ v
wydostawać się wydostać się
(intransitive) To get free; to free oneself.
uniknąć unikać
(transitive) To avoid (any unpleasant person or thing); to elude, get away from.

escape room escape rooms n
escape room
A room containing various puzzles and riddles that players must solve in order to escape.

escape velocity escape velocities n
prędkość ucieczki
(astrophysics) The minimum speed needed to escape the gravitational field of a planet or other body.

escapism /ɪˈskeɪpɪzəm/ escapisms n
eskapizm
An inclination to escape from routine or reality into fantasy.

escargot /ɪsˈkɑːɡəʊ/ /ˌɛskɑɹˈɡoʊ/ escargots n
ślimak
(uncountable) A dish, commonly associated with French cuisine, consisting of edible snails.

eschatological /ˌɛskətəˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/ /ˌɛskətəˈlɒdʒɪkəl/ adj
eschatologiczny
Pertaining to eschatology.

eschatology /ˌɛs.kəˈtɔl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌɛsk.əˈtɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ eschatologies n
eschatologia
(countable) A system of doctrines concerning final matters, such as death.
(uncountable) The study of the end times—the end of the world, notably in Christian and Islamic theology, the second coming of Christ, the Apocalypse, or the Last Judgment.

escheat /əsˈt͡ʃiːt/ escheats n
kaduk

escort /ɪsˈkɔɹt/ /ɪsˈkɔːt/ /ˈɛs.kɔɹt/ /ˈɛs.kɔːt/ escorts n
konwój eskorta świta
A group of people or vehicles, generally armed, who go with a person or people of importance to safeguard them on a journey or mission.
eskorta
An accompanying person in such a group.
An accompanying person in a social gathering, etc.

escutcheon /ɪˈskʌt͡ʃən/ escutcheons n
tarcza herbowa
(heraldry) An individual or corporate coat of arms.

esker /ˈɛskə/ /ˈɛskɚ/ eskers n
oz
A long, narrow, sinuous ridge created by deposits from a stream running beneath a glacier.

esoteric /ˌiː.səˈtɛɹ.ɪk/ /ˌɛs.oʊˈtɛɹ.ɪk/ /ˌɛs.əˈtɛɹ.ɪk/ more esoteric most esoteric adj
ezoteryczny tajemny
Intended for or likely to be understood by only a small number of people with a specialized knowledge or interest, or an enlightened inner circle.
niezrozumiały zawiły
Having to do with concepts that are highly theoretical and without obvious practical application; often with mystical or religious connotations.
ezoteryczny skryty tajny
Confidential; private.

esoterism esoterisms n
ezoteryka
The inward forms of faith and religion; transcendence, mystic experience, and internal realizations of the Divine.

espadrille /ɛspəˈdɹɪl/ espadrilles n
espadryla espadryl
A light shoe having an upper made of fabric and a sole of rope.

especially /əˈspɛʃ.(ə.)li/ /ɛkˈspɛʃ.(ə.)li/ /ɛsˈpɛʃ.(ə.)li/ /ɪˈspɛʃ.(ə.)li/ more especially most especially adv
szczególnie
(manner) In a special manner; specially.
szczególnie zwłaszcza w szczególności
(focus) Particularly; to a greater extent than is normal.

espionage /ˈɛs.pi.ə.ˌnɑːʒ/ espionages n
szpiegostwo wywiad
The act or process of learning secret information through clandestine means.

esplanade /ˈɛspləˌneɪd/ /ˈɛspləˌnɑd/ /ˌɛspləˈnɑːd/ esplanades n
esplanada
A clear space between a citadel and the nearest houses of the town.

espouse /ɪˈspaʊs/ /ɪˈspaʊz/ v
ożenić się poślubić wyjść za mąż
(transitive) To marry.

espresso /əˈspɹɛsəʊ/ /ɛkˈspɹɛsoʊ/ /ɛkˈspɹɛsəʊ/ /ɛˈspɹɛsoʊ/ /ɛˈspɹɛsəʊ/ /ɪkˈspɹɛsoʊ/ /ɪkˈspɹɛsəʊ/ /ɪˈspɹɛsəʊ/ espressi espressos n
espresso
A concentrated coffee beverage brewed by forcing hot water under high pressure through finely ground coffee.

esprit de corps /ɛˌspɹi də ˈkɔɹ/ /ɛˌspɹiː də ˈkɔː/ n
poczucie solidarności
(idiomatic) A shared spirit of comradeship, enthusiasm, and devotion to a cause among the members of a group, for example of a military unit.

esquamulose /iˈskweɪmjʊloʊs/ /iːˈskweɪmjʊləʊs/ adj
bezłuski
(botany, mycology) Not covered in scales or scale-like objects; having a smooth skin or outer covering.

essay /ɛˈseɪ/ /ˈɛs.eɪ/ essays n
esej rozprawka wypracowanie
(authorship) A written composition of moderate length, exploring a particular issue or subject.

essayist /ˈɛ.seɪ.ɪst/ essayists n
eseista eseistka
One who composes essays; a writer of short compositions.

essence /ˈɛsəns/ essences n
esencja
The inherent nature of a thing or idea.
Fragrance, a perfume.

essential /ɪˈsɛn.ʃəl/ [əˈsɛn.tʃəl] more essential most essential adj
niezbędny
Necessary.
zasadniczy
Very important; of high importance.
podstawowy
Being in the basic form; showing its essence.

essential amino acid essential amino acids n
aminokwas egzogenny
(amino acid) One of the nine naturally occurring amino acids that the human body cannot synthesize, and so must be provided by dietary protein.

essential oil essential oils n
olejek eteryczny
A volatile oil, used to make perfumes and flavourings, especially one having the characteristic odour of the plant from which it is obtained.

essential tremor essential tremors n
drżenie samoistne
(medicine, chiefly, uncountable) A neurological condition that causes rhythmic shaking of unknown cause in one or more parts of the body during voluntary movements.

essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/ more essentially most essentially adv
w gruncie rzeczy zasadniczo
in essence

establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/ v
ustalić ustanowić
(transitive) To make stable or firm; to confirm.
ustanowić założyć
(transitive) To form; to found; to institute; to set up in business.
ustanowić wyznaczyć
(transitive) To appoint or adopt, as officers, laws, regulations, guidelines, etc.; to enact; to ordain.
ustalić
(transitive) To prove and cause to be accepted as true; to establish a fact; to demonstrate.

establishment /ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt/ establishments n
establishment
(usually with "the") The ruling class or authority group in a society; especially, an entrenched authority dedicated to preserving the status quo. Also Establishment.
ustanawianie ustanowienie zakładanie założenie
(Christianity) The institution and official status of a church as a state church, especially that of the Church of England and historically of Ireland.

estate agent estate agents n
agentka nieruchomości agent nieruchomości
(British, Ireland) A person or company that acts in the sale, purchase, lease or maintenance of land, property, real estate etc for another.

esteem /əˈstiːm/ /ɪˈstiːm/ v
szanować
To set a high value on; to regard with respect or reverence.

ester /ˈɛstə/ /ˈɛstɚ/ esters n
ester
(organic compound) A compound most often formed by the condensation of an alcohol and an acid, with elimination of water, which contains the functional group carbon-oxygen double bond (i.e., carbonyl) joined via carbon to another oxygen atom.

esterase esterases n
esteraza
(enzyme) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of an ester

estimate /ˈɛs.tə.mət/ /ˈɛs.təˌmeɪt/ /ˈɛs.tɪ.mət/ /ˈɛs.tɪˌmeɪt/ estimates n
oszacowanie
A rough calculation or assessment of the value, size, or cost of something.
kosztorys
(construction and business) A document (or verbal notification) specifying how much a job is likely to cost.

estimate /ˈɛs.tə.mət/ /ˈɛs.təˌmeɪt/ /ˈɛs.tɪ.mət/ /ˈɛs.tɪˌmeɪt/ v
szacować
To calculate roughly, often from imperfect data.

estimator /ˈes.tɪˌmæɪ.tə/ /ˈɛs.təˌmeɪ.tɚ/ /ˈɛs.tɪˌmeɪ.tə/ [ˈes.tɪˌmæɪ.ɾə] [ˈɛs.təˌmeɪ.ɾɚ] estimators n
estymator
(mathematics) A function of a random sample of a population used to estimate some parameter of the whole population

estradiol /ˌɛ.stɹəˈdaɪˌɔl/ estradiols n
estradiol

estrogen /ˈiːstɹəd͡ʒən/ /ˈɛstɹəd͡ʒən/ estrogens n
estrogen
(steroid hormone) Any of a group of steroids that are secreted by the ovaries and function as female sex hormones.

estrogenic adj
estrogenny estrogenowy
(steroid) Of, relating to, or acting like estrogen.

estuary /ˈɛstjʊəɹi/ /ˈɛst͡ʃuˌɛɹi/ /ˈɛst͡ʃəɹi/ /ˈɛst͡ʃʊəɹi/ estuaries n
estuarium
A coastal water body where ocean tides and river water merge, resulting in a brackish water zone.

et al. /eɪˈtɑːl/ /ɛtˈæl/ /ɛtˈɑːl/ /ɛtˈɔl/ phraseologicalUnit
i in. et al
And others; to complete a list, especially of persons, as authors of a published work.

et tu, Brute /ɛt ˈtu ˌbɹutɛ/ phraseologicalUnit
I ty, Brutusie
"You too, Brutus" or "even you, Brutus"; expressing a recognition of betrayal.

eta /ˈeɪtə/ /ˈiːtə/ etas n
eta
The seventh letter of the Modern Greek alphabet, the eighth in Old Greek.

etc. /ɪkˈsɛt(ə)ɹə/ /ɪt ˈsɛt(ə)ɹə/ /ˌɛkˈsɛt(ə)ɹə/ /ˌɛt ˈsɛt(ə)ɹə/ phraseologicalUnit
itd. etc. i tak dalej i tym podobne i tym podobnie itp.
And so on: used to note that the rest of a list or piece of information has been left out on the assumption that it is similar or already known.

etch /ɛt͡ʃ/ v
ryć wytrawiać wytrawić
To engrave a surface.
To sketch; to delineate.

etcher etchers n
akwaforcista akwaforcistka
A person who etches

etching /ˈɛt͡ʃ.ɪŋ/ etchings n
akwaforta trawienie
(uncountable) The art of producing an image from a metal plate into which an image or text has been etched with acid.
akwaforta
(countable) The image created by this process.

eternal /iˈtɝ.nəl/ /ɪˈtɜː.nəl/ /ɪˈtɝ.nəl/ more eternal most eternal adj
wieczny wiekuisty bezczasowy pozaczasowy wieczysty
Lasting forever; unending.

eternal sleep n
wieczny sen
(idiomatic, euphemistic) Death, eternal oblivion

eternally /ɪˈtɜː(ɹ)nəli/ adv
wiecznie
For eternity; forever.

eternity /ɪˈtɜː.nə.ti/ /ɪˈtɝnɪti/ eternities n
wieczność
(uncountable) Existence without end, infinite time.
(countable) A period of time which extends infinitely far into the future.
(metaphysical) The remainder of time that elapses after death.
(informal, hyperbole) A comparatively long time.

ethane /ˈiːθeɪn/ /ˈɛθeɪn/ ethanes n
etan
(organic compound, uncountable) An aliphatic hydrocarbon, C2H6, gaseous at normal temperatures and pressures, being a constituent of natural gas.

ethanol /ˈɛθ.ə.nɑl/ /ˈɛθ.ə.nɒl/ ethanols n
etanol alkohol etylowy
(organic compound) A simple aliphatic alcohol formally derived from ethane by replacing one hydrogen atom with a hydroxyl group: CH3-CH2-OH.

ether /ˈi.θɚ/ /ˈiː.θə/ ethers n
eter
(uncountable, literary, or, poetic) The substance formerly supposed to fill the upper regions of the atmosphere above the clouds, in particular as a medium breathed by deities.
(uncountable, physics, historical) Often as aether and more fully as luminiferous aether: a substance once thought to fill all unoccupied space that allowed electromagnetic waves to pass through it and interact with matter, without exerting any resistance to matter or energy; its existence was disproved by the 1887 Michelson–Morley experiment and the theory of relativity propounded by Albert Einstein (1879–1955).
(uncountable, organic compound) Diethyl ether (C4H10O), an organic compound with a sweet odour used in the past as an anaesthetic.
(countable, organic compound) Any of a class of organic compounds containing an oxygen atom bonded to two hydrocarbon groups.

ethereal /ɪˈθɪə.ɹɪ.əl/ /ɪˈθɪɚ.i.əl/ more ethereal most ethereal adj
eteryczny niebiański nieziemski
Pertaining to the presupposition of an invisible air-like element permeating all of space, or to the higher regions beyond the earth or beyond the atmosphere.
eteryczny lekki zwiewny
Consisting of ether; hence, exceedingly light or airy; tenuous; spiritlike; characterized by extreme delicacy, as form, manner, thought, etc.

etheromania n
eteromania
An addiction to ether intoxication.

ethical /ˈɛθɪkəl/ more ethical most ethical adj
etyczny
(philosophy, not comparable) Of or relating to the study of ethics.
(not comparable) Of or relating to the accepted principles of right and wrong, especially those of some organization or profession.
(comparable) Morally approvable; good.

ethical dative ethical datives n
celownik etyczny
(grammar) A form of the dative case applied to pronouns; used (in Latin and some other languages, but rare in English) to show a certain interest felt by the person indicated.

ethicality ethicalities n
etyczność
The state, quality, or manner of being ethical.

ethicist /ˈɛθɪsɪst/ ethicists n
etyk
A person, especially a philosopher, who studies ethics (principles governing right and wrong conduct).

ethics /ˈɛθ.ɪks/ ethics n
etyka
(philosophy) The study of principles relating to right and wrong conduct.
The standards that govern the conduct of a person, especially a member of a profession.

ethnic /ˈɛθ.nɪk/ more ethnic most ethnic adj
etniczny
Of or relating to a group of people having common racial, ancestral, national, religious or cultural origins.

ethnic cleansing n
czystka etniczna
The mass expulsion or killing of people belonging to one ethnic group by those of another.

ethnic group ethnic groups n
grupa etniczna
A group of people who identify with one another, especially on the basis of ancestral, national, cultural, historical or religious grounds.

ethnicity /ɛθˈnɪsɪti/ ethnicities n
etniczność narodowość
The common characteristics of a group of people, especially regarding ancestry, culture, language or national experiences.

ethno- /ɛθnoʊ/ prefix
etno-
race; ethnicity (in the sense of classification of human beings).

ethnocentric more ethnocentric most ethnocentric adj
etnocentryczny
Of or pertaining to ethnocentrism.

ethnocentrism /ˌɛθ.nəʊˈsɛn.tɹɪzm̩/ ethnocentrisms n
etnocentryzm
The tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of one's own traditional, deferred, or adoptive ethnic culture.

ethnocide ethnocides n
etnocyd

ethnogenesis ethnogeneses n
etnogeneza

ethnographic adj
etnograficzny
Relating to ethnography.

ethnography /ɛθˈnɑɡɹəfi/ /ɛθˈnɒɡɹəfi/ ethnographies n
etnografia
(anthropology) The branch of anthropology that scientifically describes specific human cultures and societies.

ethnolect /ˈɛθnəlɛkt/ ethnolects n
etnolekt
A language variety specific to an ethnic group.

ethnologist ethnologists n
etnolog etnolożka
One who practices ethnology.

ethnology ethnologies n
etnologia
(anthropology) The branch of anthropology that studies and compares the different human cultures.

ethnonationalism ethnonationalisms n
etynonacjonalizm
A type of nationalism which defines the nation in terms of a shared ethnicity.

ethnonym ethnonyms n
etnonim
The name of an ethnic group, nation, nationality, tribe, tribal alliance, clan, or other ethnic community.

ethnoreligious /ˌɛθnəʊɹɪˈlɪd͡ʒəs/ adj
etnoreligijny
Of or pertaining to ethnicity and religion.

etho- prefix
eto-

ethology /iˈθɑl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /iːˈθɒl.ə.dʒi/ /ɪˈθɑl.ə.d͡ʒi/ ethologies n
etologia
(zoology) The scientific study of animalian behaviour, especially that of nonhuman animals.

ethyl /ˈiːθaɪl/ /ˈiːθɪl/ /ˈɛθaɪl/ /ˈɛθəl/ /ˈɛθɪl/ ethyls n
etyl
(organic chemistry) The univalent hydrocarbon radical, C2H5, formally derived from ethane by the loss of a hydrogen atom.

ethyl alcohol n
alkohol etylowy etanol
(organic compound, dated) ethanol, a type of alcohol.

ethylic adj
etylowy

etiquette /ˈɛt.ɪ.kɪt/ /ˈɛt.ɪˌkɛt/ etiquettes n
etykieta kurtuazja
The manners or decent behaviour to be observed in social or professional life; conventional decorum; the ceremonial code of polite society.

etude /eɪˈtjuːd/ /eɪˈtuːd/ /ˈeɪˌtjud/ /ˈeɪˌtud/ etudes n
etiuda
(music) A short piece of music, designed to give a performer practice in a particular area or skill.

etymological /ˌɛt.ɪ.məˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/ more etymological most etymological adj
etymologiczny
(not, _, comparable) Of or relating to etymology.

etymologist etymologists n
etymolog etymolożka
A lexicographer or linguist who specializes in etymology (the origins of words)

etymology /ˌet.əˈmɔl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌɛt.əˈmɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌɛt.ɪˈmɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ [ˌeɾ.əˈmɔl.ə.d͡ʒi] [ˌɛɾ.əˈmɑ.lə.d͡ʒi] etymologies n
etymologia źródłosłów
(countable) An account of the origin and historical development of a word as presented in a dictionary or the like.

etymon /ˈɛt.ə.mɑn/ /ˈɛt.ə.mɒn/ /ˈɛt.ɪ.mɒn/ etyma etymons n
etymon
(linguistics, philology) The original or earlier form of an inherited or borrowed word, affix, or morpheme either from an earlier period in a language's development, from an ancestral language, or from a foreign language.

eu- /ju-/ prefix
eu-

eucalyptus /ˌjuːkəˈlɪptəs/ eucalypti eucalyptuses n
eukaliptus
Any of many trees, of genus Eucalyptus, native mainly to Australia.

eucharistic more eucharistic most eucharistic adj
eucharystyczny
(Christianity) Pertaining to the Eucharist.

euchologion /juːkə(ʊ)ˈləʊdʒɪən/ euchologia euchologions n
euchologion
A book of prayers or religious ritual.

eugenic /juˈd͡ʒɛn.ɪk/ more eugenic most eugenic adj
eugeniczny
Of or relating to eugenics.
(genetics) Relating or adapting to production of good offspring.

eugenics /juːˈd͡ʒɛnɪks/ n
eugenika
(sociology, biology) A social philosophy or practice which advocates the improvement of human hereditary qualities through selective breeding, either by encouraging people with good genetic qualities to reproduce (positive eugenics), or discouraging people with bad genetic qualities from reproducing (negative eugenics), or by technological means.

euhemerism /juˈhiməˌrɪzəm/ /juːˈhiːmərɪzm/ /juːˈhiːmərɪzəm/ euhemerisms n
euhemeryzm
(uncountable) The belief that legends and mythology arise from exaggerated descriptions of historical people and events.

eukaryote /juˈkæɹi.oʊt/ /juˈkæɹi.ɒt/ /juˈkæɹi.ət/ /juˈkɛəɹi.oʊt/ /juːˈkæɹi.əʊt/ eukarya eukaryotes n
eukariont jądrowiec
(cytology) Any of the single-celled or multicellular organisms of the taxonomic domain Eukaryota, whose cells contain at least one distinct nucleus.

eukaryotic adj
eukariotyczny
(biology) Having complex cells in which the genetic material is organized into membrane-bound nuclei.

eulogy /ˈju.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ˈjuː.lə.d͡ʒi/ eulogies n
laudacja
An oration to honor a deceased person, usually at a funeral.

eunuch /ˈjuː.nək/ eunuchs n
eunuch kastrat rzezaniec trzebieniec
A castrated human male.
eunuch
Such a man employed as harem guard or in certain (mainly Eastern) monarchies (e.g. late Roman and Chinese Empires) as court or state officials.

eunuchoid eunuchoids n
eunuchoid
An organism exhibiting eunuchoidism.

eunuchoidism eunuchoidisms n
eunuchoidyzm
A syndrome in males with a lack of sex characteristics due to lack of proper male sex hormones.

euphemism /ˈjuː.fəˌmɪz.əm/ euphemisms n
eufemizm eufemizacja melioratyw
(uncountable) The use of a word or phrase to replace another with one that is considered less offensive, blunt or vulgar than the word or phrase which it replaces.

euphemistic more euphemistic most euphemistic adj
eufemistyczny
Of or pertaining to euphemism.

euphemistically more euphemistically most euphemistically adv
eufemistycznie
In a euphemistic manner.

euphonious /juˈfoʊ.ni.əs/ /juːˈfəʊ.nɪ.əs/ more euphonious most euphonious adj
eufoniczny
Of sounds, especially speech: demonstrating or possessing euphony; agreeable to the ear; pleasant-sounding.

euphonium /juːˈfəʊnɪəm/ euphoniums n
eufonium
A valved brass instrument with conical tubing similar in appearance to a tuba but of higher pitch; a sax horn.

euphoria /juːˈfɔːɹi.ə/ euphorias n
euforia
An excited state of joy; a feeling of intense happiness.

euphoric /juːˈfɒɹɪk/ more euphoric most euphoric adj
euforyczny
Feeling great well-being or elation or intense happiness; characterized by euphoria

euphorically more euphorically most euphorically adv
euforycznie
In a euphoric manner.

euphuism euphuisms n
eufuizm
(uncountable) An ornate style of writing (in Elizabethan England) marked by the excessive use of alliteration, antithesis and mythological similes.

euro /ˈjɝoʊ/ /ˈjʊəɹəʊ/ /ˈjʊɹoʊ/ euro euros n
euro
The currency unit of the European Monetary Union. Symbol: €
A coin with a face value of one euro.

euroization n
euroizacja

euroize v
euroizować

europium /jʊəˈɹoʊ.pi.əm/ n
europ
A metallic chemical element (symbol Eu) with an atomic number of 63.

eury- prefix
eury-

eurybiont eurybionts n
eurybiont

eurybiontic adj
eurybiontyczny

euthanasia /juː.θəˈneɪ.zɪ.ə/ /juːθəˈneɪʒə/ euthanasias n
eutanazja
The practice of intentionally killing a human being or animal for humane reasons, especially in order to end suffering.

evacuate /ɪˈvæk.ju.eɪt/ v
ewakuować
To make empty; to empty out; to remove the contents of, including to create a vacuum.
To remove; to eject; to void; to discharge, as the contents of a vessel, or of the bowels.

evacuation /ɪˌvækjuˈeɪʃən/ evacuations n
ewakuacja
The act of evacuating; leaving a place in an orderly fashion, especially for safety.
Withdrawal of troops or civils from a town, country, fortress, etc.
wypróżnienie
Voidance of any matter by the natural passages of the body or by an artificial opening; defecation; also, a diminution of the fluids of an animal body by cathartics, venesection, or other means.

evaluate /ɨˈvaljʊeɪt/ /ɪ̈ˈvaljəˌweɪt/ v
oceniać ocenić
(transitive) To draw conclusions from examining; to assess.
obliczyć zwartościować
(transitive, mathematics, computing) To compute or determine the value of (an expression).

evaluation /ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃən/ evaluations n
ocena
An assessment, such as an annual personnel performance review used as the basis for a salary increase or bonus, or a summary of a particular situation.
ewaluacja realizacja wartościowanie wykonanie
(mathematics) A completion of a mathematical operation; a valuation.
ewaluacja wartościowanie
(computing, programming) Determination of the value of a variable or expression.

evangelical /iːvænˈd͡ʒɛlɪkəl/ more evangelical most evangelical adj
ewangelicki
Pertaining to the doctrines or teachings of the Christian gospel or Christianity in general.

evangelist /ɪˈvænd͡ʒəlɪst/ evangelists n
ewangelista
(Bible) A writer of a gospel, especially the four New Testament Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John), usually capitalized (Evangelist).

evangelistary evangelistaries n
ewangeliarz
(Christianity) A book containing selections from the Gospels, read during worship services.

evangelize /ɪˈvænd͡ʒəlaɪz/ v
ewangelizować głosić dobrą nowinę
To tell people about (a particular branch of) Christianity, especially in order to convert them; to preach the gospel to.

evaporate /ɪˈvæpəɹeɪt/ v
parować wyparować wyparowywać
(ambitransitive) to transition from a liquid state into a gaseous state

evaporation evaporations n
parowanie
The process of a liquid converting to the gaseous state.
odparowanie
The process in which all or a portion of liquid (in a container) is turned into vapour, in order to increase the concentration of solid matter in the mixture.

evaporimeter evaporimeters n
atmometr ewaporometr

eve /iːv/ eves n
wigilia przeddzień
The day or night before, usually used for holidays, such as Christmas Eve.

even /ˈivn̩/ /ˈivən/ /ˈiːvən/ more even most even adj
równy gładki płaski
Flat and level.
jednolity jednostajny równomierny
Without great variation.
równy
Equal in proportion, quantity, size, etc.
parzysty
(not comparable, of an integer) Divisible by two.

even /ˈivn̩/ /ˈivən/ /ˈiːvən/ adv
nawet
In reality; implying an extreme example in the case mentioned, as compared to the implied reality.
jeszcze nawet
Emphasizing a comparative.

even /ˈivn̩/ /ˈivən/ /ˈiːvən/ evens n
poranek
(archaic, or, poetic) Evening.

even /ˈivn̩/ /ˈivən/ /ˈiːvən/ v
wyrównać
(transitive, obsolete) To place in an equal state, as to obligation, or in a state in which nothing is due on either side; to balance, as accounts; to make quits.

even Homer nods proverb
i dobry nawet Homer niekiedy zadrzymie niekiedy i wielki Homer drzemie
Not even the most vigilant and expert are immune to error.

even a blind squirrel can find a nut once in a while proverb
trafiło się ślepej kurze ziarno
A usually unreliable person can be right sometimes, even if it is just by chance.

even as conjunction
nawet gdy
At the very same time as.

even function even functions n
funkcja parzysta
(mathematics) Any function whose value is unchanged if the independent variable changes sign i.e. f(x) = f(-x)

even if conjunction
nawet jeśli bez względu na (kogoś/coś) niezależnie od (kogoś/czegoś)
Regardless of whether; irrespective of (something happening or being the case).

even number even numbers n
liczba parzysta
A positive integer that can be divided by two, and two itself.

even though conjunction
chociaż mimo że wprawdzie
Although; though; despite or in spite of the fact that.

evenhanded more evenhanded most evenhanded adj
bezstronny sprawiedliwy
Fair and having no partiality; unbiased; just.

evening /ˈivnɪŋ/ /ˈiːvnɪŋ/ evenings n
wieczór
The time of the day between the approximate time of midwinter dusk and midnight (compare afternoon); the period after the end of regular office working hours.
zmierzch
(figuratively) A concluding time period; a point in time near the end of something; the beginning of the end of something.

evening class evening classes n
wieczorne zajęcia

evening primrose evening primroses n
wiesiołek
Any of various flowering plants of the genus Oenothera or Camissonia, in the family Onagraceae,
wiesiołek dwuletni
especially the common evening primrose, Oenothera biennis.

evening star pn
Gwiazda Wieczorna gwiazda wieczorna
(astronomy) The planet Venus as seen in the western sky in the evening.

event /əˈvɛnt/ /ɪˈvɛnt/ events n
wydarzenie zdarzenie przypadek impreza
An occurrence; something that happens.
event wydarzenie
A prearranged social activity (function, etc.)
zdarzenie wydarzenie
(physics) A point in spacetime having three spatial coordinates and one temporal coordinate.
(computing) A possible action that the user can perform that is monitored by an application or the operating system (event listener). When an event occurs an event handler is called which performs a specific task.
(probability theory) A set of some of the possible outcomes; a subset of the sample space.

event horizon /-zɪn/ /əˈvɛnt həˈɹaɪ.zən/ [-zɪn] [əˈvɛn -] [əˈvɛɾ̃ həˈɹaɪ.zən] event horizons n
horyzont zdarzeń
(astrophysics) The gravitational sphere of a black hole within which the escape velocity is greater than the speed of light.

eventually /ɪ.ˈvɛn.tjʊ.li/ /ɪ.ˈvɛn.t͡ʃu.li/ /ɪ.ˈvɛn.t͡ʃu.ə.li/ /ɪ.ˈvɛn.t͡ʃuː.ə.li/ /ɪ.ˈvɛn.t͡ʃə.li/ /ɪ.ˈvɛn.t͡ʃʊ.li/ adv
w końcu wreszcie ostatecznie
In the end; at some later time, especially after a long time, a series of problems, struggles, delays or setbacks.

ever /ˈɛvə/ /ˈɛvɚ/ adv
zawsze
Always, frequently, forever.
coraz stale
Continuously, constantly, all the time (for the complete duration).
kiedykolwiek
At any time.

ever since adv
od tego czasu
(duration) Continuously since a specified time or event.

ever since conjunction
odkąd
Continuously since a specified time or event.

ever since preposition
od
Continuously since.

evergreen /ˈɛvəɡɹiːn/ /ˈɛvɚɡɹin/ adj
zimozielony
Of plants, especially trees, that do not shed their leaves seasonally.

evermore /ˌɛvəˈmoə/ /ˌɛvəˈmɔː/ /ˌɛvɚˈmo(ː)ɹ/ /ˌɛvɚˈmɔɹ/ adv
zawsze
Always; forever; eternally.

every /ˈɛv.(ə.)ɹi/ determiner
każdy
All of a countable group (considered individually), without exception.

every Jack has his Jill proverb
każda potwora znajdzie amatora każda potwora znajdzie swego amatora każda potwora znajdzie swojego amatora
Everybody will eventually find a romantic partner.

every cloud has a silver lining proverb
nie ma tego złego, co by na dobre nie wyszło
There is something good in any bad situation.

every dog has its day proverb
każdy ma w życiu swoje pięć minut
Everyone, at some point, experiences some degree of success, impact, or influence in life.

every last adj
co do jednego

every little helps proverb
wszystko pomaga
(UK) Even the smallest things are helpful when towards a goal.

every man for himself /ˈɛv.(ə.)ɹi mæn fɔː(ɹ) hɪm.ˈsɛlf/ phraseologicalUnit
każdy sobie rzepkę skrobie
An expression of indifference, that a person should forget about comradeship and save her/himself.

every man is the architect of his own fortune proverb
każdy jest kowalem swojego losu
Each person is the chief cause of their success or failure in life.

every other adj
pozostały
All except for some previously mentioned set.

every second adj
co drugi
Every other/two; each alternate.

every time adv
każdokrotnie każdokroć każdorazowo za każdym razem
At each occasion that.

every which way adv
we wszystkie strony
All over; in every direction.
w każdy sposób
In all sorts of ways or manners.

everybody /ˈɛvɹibədi/ /ˈɛvɹiˌbɑdi/ /ˈɛvɹiˌbɒdi/ /ˈɛvɹiˌbʌdi/ /ˈɛɹbʌdi/ pronoun
wszyscy każdy
All people.

everyday /ˈɛvɹiˌdeɪ/ adj
codzienny
Appropriate for ordinary use, rather than for special occasions.

everyone /ˈɛv.ɹi.wʌn/ pronoun
każdy wszelaki wszyscy
Every person.

everything /ˈɛvɹiθɪŋ/ pronoun
wszystko
(literally) All the things under discussion.

everything happens for a reason proverb
wszystko ma swój powód

everywhere /ɛv.ɹi.(h)weə(ɹ)/ /ɛv.ɹi.(h)wɛɹ/ adv
wszędzie
In or to all locations under discussion.

evict v
eksmitować
(transitive) To expel (one or more people) from their property; to force (one or more people) to move out.

eviction evictions n
eksmisja ewikcja
The act of evicting.

evidence /ˈev.ɪ.dəns/ /ˈɛv.ə.dəns/ /ˈɛv.ɪ.dəns/ [ˈɛv.ə.ɾəns] [ˈɛv.ɪ.ɾəns] evidences n
dowód
Facts or observations presented in support of an assertion.
dowód dowody
(legal) Anything admitted by a court to prove or disprove alleged matters of fact in a trial.

evidence /ˈev.ɪ.dəns/ /ˈɛv.ə.dəns/ /ˈɛv.ɪ.dəns/ [ˈɛv.ə.ɾəns] [ˈɛv.ɪ.ɾəns] v
dowodzić udowadniać udowodnić
(transitive) To provide evidence for, or suggest the truth of.

evidenceless adj
bezdowodowy

evident /ˈɛv.ə.dənt/ /ˈɛv.ɪ.dənt/ more evident most evident adj
oczywisty jasny
Obviously true by simple observation.

evidently /ˈɛvɪdəntli/ more evidently most evidently adv
ewidentnie zauważalnie
In a manner which makes the fact or conclusion evident; obviously; as may be clearly inferred. [from 17th c.]

evil /ˈivl̩/ /ˈiːvl̩/ /ˈiːvɪl/ eviler evilest eviller evillest more evil most evil adj
zły
Intending to harm; malevolent.

evil /ˈivl̩/ /ˈiːvl̩/ /ˈiːvɪl/ evils n
zło zły
Moral badness; wickedness; malevolence; the forces or behaviors that are the opposite or enemy of good.

evil eye /ˌiv(ə)l̩‿ˈaɪ/ /ˌiːvl̩‿ˈaɪ/ /ˌiːvɪl-/ evil eyes n
złe oko
A wicked look conveying dislike or envy that in many cultures is believed to be able to cause bad luck or injury; also, the ability to cause bad luck or injury through such a look, supposed to be possessed by some people.

evildoer /ˈivəlˌduːɚ/ /ˈiːvəlˌduːə/ evildoers n
złoczyńca
A person who performs evil acts.

evoke /ɪˈvoʊk/ /ɪˈvəʊk/ v
przywoływać wywoływać
To cause the manifestation of something (emotion, picture, etc.) in someone's mind or imagination.

evolution /ɛvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/ /ɛvəˈlʉːʃən/ /ˌivə-/ /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/ /ˌɛvəˈluʃ(ə)n/ evolutions n
ewolucja
(geometry) The opening out of a curve; now more generally, the gradual transformation of a curve by a change of the conditions generating it. [from 17th c.]
(biology) The transformation of animals, plants and other living things into different forms (now understood as a change in genetic composition) by the accumulation of changes over successive generations. [from 19th c.]

evolutionarily stable strategy evolutionarily stable strategies n
strategia stabilna ewolucyjnie

evolutionary /ˌiː.və.ˈl(j)uː.ʃən.ɹi/ /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/ /ˌɛv.əˈl(j)uː.ʃən.ɹi/ /ˌɛv.əˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/ adj
ewolucyjny
Of or relating to the biological theory of evolution.

evolutionary biology n
biologia ewolucyjna
(evolutionary theory) A subfield of biology concerned with the origin and descent of species and as their evolution, multiplication and diversity over time.

evolutionary developmental biology n
ewolucyjna biologia rozwoju
(biology) A branch of biology that studies the interaction of evolutionary and developmental processes.

evolutionary theory evolutionary theories n
teoria ewolucji
(biology) A theory of evolution, especially the scientific theory of evolution through natural selection.

evolutionism evolutionisms n
ewolucjonizm
(countable) Any of several theories that explain the evolution of systems or organisms.

evolve /ɪˈvɑlv/ /ɪˈvɒlv/ v
ewoluować
(chiefly, passive) To cause (a population, a species, etc.) to change genetic composition over successive generations through the process of evolution.

ew /(iː)uː/ [ɪ̃(ː)ʉ̃͡u] [ɯ᷈(ː)] [ʏʊ̯(ː)] interjection
fuj ble
Expression of disgust or nausea.

ewe /joʊ̯/ /joː/ /juː/ /jʊ̯u/ ewes n
owca
A female sheep, as opposed to a ram.

ewer /ˈju.ɚ/ /ˈjuː.ə/ /ˈjʊə/ ewers n
dzban
A kind of widemouthed pitcher or jug with a shape like a vase and a handle.

ex /ˈɛks/ exes n
iks
The name of the Latin-script letter X.
była były eks
(colloquial) A former partner or spouse, usually short for ex-girlfriend, ex-boyfriend, ex-wife or ex-husband.

ex gratia adv
dobrowolnie

ex libris ex libris n
ekslibris księgoznak
A bookplate that identifies the owner of the book into which it is pasted.

ex officio /ˌɛks əˈfɪʃioʊ/ adj
z urzędu
By virtue of the office that originated it, or of the title held.

ex- /ɛks/ /ɛɡz/ /ɪks/ /ɪɡz/ prefix
eks-
former

ex-boyfriend ex-boyfriends n
były chłopak
A former boyfriend.

ex-girlfriend ex-girlfriends n
była dziewczyna
A former girlfriend.

ex-husband ex-husbands n
eksmąż
A former husband.

ex-slave ex-slaves n
eks-niewolnik
A former or emancipated slave.

exa- prefix
eksa-
In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 1018 (a short scale quintillion or long scale trillion). Symbol: E

exact /ɪɡˈzækt/ exacter exactest more exact most exact adj
dokładny
Precisely agreeing with a standard, a fact, or the truth; perfectly conforming; neither exceeding nor falling short in any respect.
Habitually careful to agree with a standard, a rule, or a promise; accurate; methodical; punctual.
Precisely or definitely conceived or stated; strict.

exactly /ɪɡˈzæk(t)li/ more exactly most exactly adv
dokładnie precyzyjnie ściśle
(manner) Without approximation; precisely.

exactly /ɪɡˈzæk(t)li/ interjection
dokładnie no właśnie właśnie
Signifies agreement or recognition.

exaggerate /ɛɡˈzæ.d͡ʒə.ɹeɪt/ /ɪɡˈzæ.d͡ʒə.ɹeɪt/ v
przesadzać wyolbrzymiać
To overstate, to describe more than is fact.

exaggeration /ɪɡˌzæd͡ʒəˈɹeɪʃən/ exaggerations n
przesada
The act of exaggerating; the act of doing or representing in an excessive manner; a going beyond the bounds of truth, reason, or justice; a hyperbolical representation; hyperbole; overstatement.

exam paper exam papers n
arkusz egzaminacyjny
A piece of paper on which the questions or tasks of an examination are written.

examination /ɪɡˌzæmɪˈneɪʃən/ examinations n
badanie oględziny
Particularly, an inspection by a medical professional to establish the extent and nature of any sickness or injury.
egzamin badanie sprawdzian oględziny
(education) A formal test involving answering written or oral questions under a time constraint and usually without access to textbooks; typically, a large, written test administered to high school and college students covering course material studied in a semester.

examination of conscience examinations of conscience n
rachunek sumienia

example /əɡˈzaːm.pəl/ /əɡˈzæm.pəl/ /ɪɡˈzæm.pəl/ /ɪɡˈzɑːm.pəl/ [ɘɡˈzɐːmpɯ] [ɪɡˈzɛəmpəɫ] examples n
przykład
Something that is representative of all such things in a group.
Something that serves as a pattern of behaviour to be imitated (a good example) or not to be imitated (a bad example).
A person punished as a warning to others.
A parallel or closely similar case, especially when serving as a precedent or model.
An instance (as a problem to be solved) serving to illustrate the rule or precept or to act as an exercise in the application of the rule.

exasperate /ɪɡˈzæsp(ə)ɹeɪt/ /ɪɡˈzɑːspəɹeɪt/ v
wkurzać
(transitive) To tax the patience of; irk, frustrate, vex, provoke, annoy; to make angry.

exasperation exasperations n
egzasperacja irytacja rozdrażnienie
The act of exasperating or the state of being exasperated; irritation; keen or bitter anger.

excardinate v
ekskardynować

excavation excavations n
wykop wykopalisko
(uncountable) The act of excavating, or of making hollow, by cutting, scooping, or digging out a part of a solid mass.
wykopaliska
(countable) Something uncovered by archaeological excavation.

excavator /ˈɛkskəˌveɪtə/ /ˈɛkskəˌveɪtɚ/ excavators n
koparka
A vehicle, often on tracks, used to dig ditches etc.Excavator

exceed /ɪkˈsiːd/ v
przekraczać przewyższać wykraczać
(transitive) To be larger, greater than (something).
(transitive) To go beyond (some limit); to surpass; to be longer than.

exceedingly /ɪkˈsiːdɪŋli/ adv
nadzwyczaj niezmiernie
To a great or unusual degree, extent, etc.; extremely

excellence /ˈɛksələns/ excellences n
świetność
The quality of being excellent; brilliance

excellent /ˈɛkslənt/ /ˈɛksələnt/ /ˈɛksɪlənt/ excellenter excellentest more excellent most excellent adj
doskonały świetny
Of higher or the highest quality; splendid.

excellently more excellently most excellently adv
świetnie
In a manner that demonstrates excellence; very well.

except /əkˈsɛpt/ /ɛkˈsɛpt/ /ɪkˈsɛpt/ conjunction
poza tym tyle że
With the exception (that); used to introduce a clause, phrase or adverb forming an exception or qualification to something previously stated.

except /əkˈsɛpt/ /ɛkˈsɛpt/ /ɪkˈsɛpt/ preposition
oprócz z wyjątkiem
with the exception of; but.

except /əkˈsɛpt/ /ɛkˈsɛpt/ /ɪkˈsɛpt/ v
wykluczać wykluczyć wyłączać
(transitive) To exclude; to specify as being an exception.
(intransitive) To take exception, to object (to or against).

exception /əkˈsɛpʃən/ /ɪkˈsɛpʃən/ exceptions n
wyjątek
The act of excepting or excluding; exclusion; restriction by taking out something which would otherwise be included, as in a class, statement, rule.
That which is excluded from others; a person, thing, or case, specified as distinct, or not included.
(programming) An interruption in normal processing, typically caused by an error condition, that can be raised ("thrown") by one part of the program and handled ("caught") by another part.

exception that proves the rule exceptions that prove rules exceptions that prove the rule n
wyjątek potwierdza regułę
The rare occurrence of a counterexample to a rule, used to demonstrate that the rule exists.

exceptional /ɪkˈsɛpʃənəl/ more exceptional most exceptional adj
wyjątkowy
Forming an exception; not ordinary; uncommon; rare.
Better than the average; superior due to exception or rarity.

exceptionally more exceptionally most exceptionally adv
wyjątkowo
To an unusual, remarkable or exceptional degree.

exceptionless adj
bezwyjątkowy
without exception

exceptionlessly /əkˈsɛpʃənləsli/ /ɪkˈsɛpʃənləsli/ more exceptionlessly most exceptionlessly adv
bezwyjątkowo

exceptionlessness n
bezwyjątkowość

excerpt /ɛkˈsɜ(ɹ)(p)t/ /ɛɡˈzɜ(ɹ)(p)t/ /ˈɛksɜ(ɹ)(p)t/ /ˈɛɡzɜ(ɹ)(p)t/ excerpts n
fragment urywek
A clip, snippet, passage or extract from a larger work such as a news article, a film, or a literary composition.

excess /əkˈsɛs/ /ɛkˈsɛs/ /ɪk.ˈsɛs/ /ˈɛksɛs/ excesses n
nadmiar nadwyżka zbytek
The state of surpassing or going beyond a limit; the state of being beyond sufficiency, necessity, or duty; more than what is usual or proper.
nadmiar
The degree or amount by which one thing or number exceeds another; remainder.
nadmiar nieumiarkowanie
(geometry) Spherical excess, the amount by which the sum of the three angles of a spherical triangle exceeds two right angles. The spherical excess is proportional to the area of the triangle.

excessive /ɪkˈsɛsɪv/ more excessive most excessive adj
nadmierny wygórowany
Exceeding the usual bounds of something; extravagant; immoderate.

excessively /ɪkˈsɛsɪvli/ more excessively most excessively adv
przesadnie nadmiernie
To an excessive degree.
w nadmiarze
In excess.

exchange /ɛksˈt͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ/ /ɪksˈt͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ/ [ɛkˈst͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ] exchanges n
wymiana
An act of exchanging or trading.
giełda
A place for conducting trading.

exchange /ɛksˈt͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ/ /ɪksˈt͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ/ [ɛkˈst͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ] v
wymieniać zamieniać
(transitive) To trade or barter.
zamieniać wymieniać
(transitive) To replace with, as a substitute.

exchange of fire n
wymiana ognia

exchange rate exchange rates n
kurs kurs wymiany
(economics, finance) The rate at which one currency can be exchanged for another, usually expressed as the value of the one in terms of the other.

exchangeable adj
wymienny
Able to be exchanged.

exchangeless adj
bezwymienny

excise tax excise taxes n
akcyza
Any of various taxes levied on the production or sale of certain goods, especially on luxuries, tobacco, alcohol etc.

excitation /ˌɛksaɪˈteɪʃən/ excitations n
wzbudzenie
(physics) A transition of a nucleus, atom or molecule to an excited state by the absorption of a quantum of energy; the opposite of relaxation

excitement /ɪkˈsaɪtmənt/ excitements n
ekscytacja podekscytowanie
(uncountable) the state of being excited (emotionally aroused).

exclaim /ɛkˈskleɪm/ /ɪkˈskleɪm/ v
wołać wykrzykiwać wykrzyknąć zawołać
(intransitive) To cry out suddenly, from some strong emotion.

exclamation /ˌɛkskləˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/ exclamations n
okrzyk wykrzyk wykrzyknik
A loud calling or crying out, for example as in surprise, pain, grief, joy, anger, etc.
wykrzyknik
A word expressing outcry; an interjection
An exclamation mark

exclamation mark /ˌɛks.kləˈmeɪ.ʃən ˌmɑɹk/ /ˌɛks.kləˈmeɪ.ʃən ˌmɑːk/ exclamation marks n
wykrzyknik
The punctuation mark “!” (generally used to denote excitement, surprise or shock).

exclave /ˈɛkskleɪv/ exclaves n
eksklawa
A portion of a country's territory not connected to the main part

exclude /ɪksˈkluːd/ v
wykluczyć wykluczać wyłączać wyłączyć
(transitive) To bar (someone or something) from entering; to keep out.

excludee excludees n
banita banitka

exclusion /ɪksˈkluːʒən/ exclusions n
banicja wykluczenie
The act of excluding or shutting out; removal from consideration or taking part. [from 17th c.]

exclusive /ɪkˈsklu.sɪv/ /ɪkˈsklu.zɪv/ more exclusive most exclusive adj
wyłączny ekskluzywny
(literally) Excluding items or members that do not meet certain conditions.
ekskluzywny
(figuratively) Referring to a membership organisation, service or product: of high quality and/or renown, for superior members only. A snobbish usage, suggesting that members who do not meet requirements, which may be financial, of social status, religion, skin colour etc., are excluded.

exclusively /ɪkˈskluːsɪvli/ more exclusively most exclusively adv
wyłącznie
(focus) to the exclusion of anything or anyone else; solely or entirely

exclusivity /ˌɛkskluːˈsɪvɪti/ exclusivities n
wyłączność
The quality of being exclusive.

excommunicate /ˌɛkskəˈmjunəkeɪt/ /ˌɛkskəˈmjunəkət/ /ˌɛkskəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/ /ˌɛkskəˈmjuːnɪkət/ v
ekskomunikować potępiać potępić wyklinać wykląć
(transitive) To officially exclude someone from membership of a church or religious community.

excommunication /ɛkskəmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃən/ excommunications n
ekskomunika
The act of excommunicating, disfellowshipping or ejecting; especially an ecclesiastical censure whereby the person against whom it is pronounced is, for the time, cast out of the communication of the church; exclusion from fellowship in things spiritual.

excrement /ˈɛkskɹəmənt/ excrements n
kał odchody ekskrementy
(now, _, specifically) Human and animal solid waste excreted from the bowels; feces.

excrescence /ɛkˈskɹɛsəns/ /ɪkˈskɹɛsəns/ excrescences n
narośl
Something, usually abnormal, which grows out of something else.

excrete /ɛkˈskɹiːt/ /ɪkˈskɹiːt/ v
wydalać wydalić wydzielać wydzielić
(biology, ambitransitive) To discharge material (including waste products) from a cell, body or system.

excretion excretions n
wydalanie
The process of removing or ejecting material that has no further utility, especially from the body; the act of excreting.

excretory adj
wydalniczy
Of, or relating to excretion.

excruciating /ɛkˈskɹuːʃiːeɪtɪŋ/ /ɪkˈskɹuːʃiːeɪtɪŋ/ more excruciating most excruciating adj
rozdzierający
Causing great pain or anguish, agonizing

excursion /ɛks.kɜː(ɹ).ʃən/ /ɛks.kɜː(ɹ).ʒən/ excursions n
wycieczka
A brief recreational trip; a journey out of the usual way.

excusable more excusable most excusable adj
wybaczalny
Possible to excuse; worthy of being excused.

excuse /ɛksˈkjus/ /ɛksˈkjuz/ /ɛksˈkjuːs/ /ɛksˈkjuːz/ /ɪksˈkjus/ /ɪksˈkjuz/ /ɪkˈskjuːs/ /ɪkˈskjuːz/ excuses n
wymówka pretekst usprawiedliwienie wykręt
(countable, uncountable) Explanation designed to avoid or alleviate guilt or negative judgment; a plea offered in extenuation of a fault.

excuse /ɛksˈkjus/ /ɛksˈkjuz/ /ɛksˈkjuːs/ /ɛksˈkjuːz/ /ɪksˈkjus/ /ɪksˈkjuz/ /ɪkˈskjuːs/ /ɪkˈskjuːz/ v
wybaczać przebaczać przebaczyć wybaczyć
(transitive) To forgive; to pardon.
usprawiedliwić
(transitive) To allow to leave, or release from any obligation.
(transitive) To provide an excuse for; to explain, with the aim of alleviating guilt or negative judgement.

excuse me /ɛksˈkjuːz mi/ /ɪksˈkjuːz mi/ phraseologicalUnit
proszę proszę o wybaczenie
(North America) Said, as though as a request to repeat information, in order to indicate disbelief or indignation.
przepraszam
Said as a request for an individual's attention.
Said as a request to pass somebody.
przepraszam wybacz wybaczcie
Sorry, as an apology.

executable /ˈɛksɪkjuːtəbl/ adj
wykonywalny
Capable of being executed.

executable /ˈɛksɪkjuːtəbl/ executables n
plik wykonywalny
(computing) A file that can be run directly by a computer's hardware or a p-code interpreter with no further processing.

execute /ˈɛksɪˌkjuːt/ v
stracić stracać
(transitive) To kill, especially as punishment for a capital crime.
wykonywać rozpocząć uruchomić wykonać wystartować zacząć
(transitive, law) To carry out, to perform an act; to put into effect or cause to become legally binding or valid (as a contract) by so doing.
uruchomić wykonać wystartować
(transitive, computing) To start, launch or run

execution /ˌɛk.sɪˈkjuː.ʃən/ /ˌɛɡ.zɪˈkjuː.ʃən/ executions n
wykonanie
The act, manner or style of executing (actions, maneuvers, performances).
egzekucja wykonanie
The act of putting to death or being put to death as a penalty, or actions so associated.
(legal) The formal process by which a contract is made valid and put into binding effect.
egzekucja
(legal) The carrying into effect of a court judgment, or of a will.

executioner /ˌɛksəˈkjuʃənɚ/ /ˌɛksəˈkjuːʃənə/ executioners n
kat oprawca
An official person who carries out the capital punishment of a criminal.

executive /ɛɡˈzɛkjʊtɪv/ /ɪɡˈzɛkjətɪv/ /ɪɡˈzɛkjʊtɪv/ more executive most executive adj
wykonawczy
Designed or fitted for execution, or carrying into effect.

executive /ɛɡˈzɛkjʊtɪv/ /ɪɡˈzɛkjətɪv/ /ɪɡˈzɛkjʊtɪv/ executives n
egzekutywa władza wykonawcza
The branch of government that is responsible for enforcing laws and judicial decisions, and for the day-to-day administration of the state.

executive branch executive branches n
egzekutywa władza wykonawcza
The branch of government that oversees the carrying out of the laws

executive committee executive committees n
komitet wykonawczy
(government, politics, Quebec) the equivalent of the cabinet of ministers for a city government, serving the mayor.

executive order executive orders n
dekret prezydencki
(legal, chiefly, US) An ordinance issued on the authority of the head of the executive branch of government.

executor /ɪɡˈzɛkjʊtɚ/ /ˈɛɡzɪˌkjuːtɚ/ executors n
wykonawca wykonawczyni
A person who carries out some task.
wykonawca testamentu
(legal) Someone appointed by a testator to administer their estate in accordance with their will; an administrator.

exegesis /ɛksɪˈdʒiːsɪs/ /ɛksɪˈd͡ʒisɪs/ exegeses n
egzegeza
A critical explanation or interpretation of a text, especially a religious text.

exegete /ˈɛksɪdʒiːt/ /ˈɛksɪd͡ʒit/ exegetes n
egzegeta
A person skilled in exegesis; an interpreter of texts, difficult passages, signs, law, the words of an oracle, and similar obscure or esoteric sources.

exegetic more exegetic most exegetic adj
egzegetyczny

exemplarily more exemplarily most exemplarily adv
przykładnie
In an exemplary manner; ideally, admirably.

exemplary /ɛɡ-/ /ɪɡˈzɛmpləɹi/ more exemplary most exemplary adj
wzorowy
Deserving honour, respect and admiration.
przykładny
Of such high quality that it should serve as an example to be imitated; ideal, perfect.

exemplification exemplifications n
egzemplifikacja zilustrowanie
The act of exemplifying; a showing or illustrating by example.
egzemplifikacja
That which exemplifies; a case in point; example.

exemplify /ɛɡˈzɛmplɪfaɪ/ /ɪɡˈzɛmplɪfaɪ/ v
egzemplifikować
(transitive) To show or illustrate by example.

exempt /ɛɡˈzɛm(p)t/ /ɪɡˈzɛmpt/ adj
zwolniony
Free from a duty or obligation.

exemption exemptions n
wykluczanie
An act of exempting.

exercise /ˈɛk.sə.saɪz/ /ˈɛk.sɚ.saɪz/ exercises n
ćwiczenie
(countable) Any activity designed to develop or hone a skill or ability.
(countable, uncountable) Activity intended to improve physical, or sometimes mental, strength and fitness.

exercise /ˈɛk.sə.saɪz/ /ˈɛk.sɚ.saɪz/ v
ćwiczyć
To exert for the sake of training or improvement; to practice in order to develop.
(intransitive) To perform physical activity for health or training.
skorzystać wykonać wykorzystać
(transitive) To use (a right, an option, etc.); to put into practice.

exercise book exercise books n
zeszyt zeszyt ćwiczeń
A booklet for students, containing either problems or exercises, and blank, often lined pages for writing answers.

exert /ɪɡˈzɜːt/ /ɪɡˈzɝt/ v
wytężać wytężyć
To put in vigorous action.

exfoliation exfoliations n
peeling abrazja
(cosmetics) The removal of a layer of dead skin, as in cosmetic preparation.

exhalation exhalations n
wydech
The act or process of exhaling; breathing out

exhale /ɛksˈheɪl/ v
wydychać
(intransitive) To expel air from the lungs through the nose or mouth by action of the diaphragm, to breathe out.

exhaust /ɪɡˈzɑst/ /ɪɡˈzɔst/ /ɪɡˈzɔːst/ v
wyczerpać wyczerpywać
(transitive) To draw or let out wholly; to drain off completely.
(transitive, literally, figuratively) To use up; to deplete, drain or expend wholly, or until the supply comes to an end
(transitive) To tire out; to wear out; to cause to be without any energy.

exhausted /ɪɡˈzɑstɪd/ /ɪɡˈzɔstɪd/ /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd/ more exhausted most exhausted adj
wyczerpany
Very tired; in a state of exhaustion.
Depleted of resources.

exhausting more exhausting most exhausting adj
wyczerpujący
Very tiring.

exhaustion /ɪɡˈzɔːs.t͡ʃən/ exhaustions n
wyczerpanie wycieńczenie
Supreme tiredness; having exhausted energy.

exhaustive /ɛɡˈzɑ.stɪv/ /ɛɡˈzɔː.stɪv/ more exhaustive most exhaustive adj
wyczerpujący
Including every possible element

exhaustiveness /ɛɡˈzɑ.stɪv.nəs/ /ɛɡˈzɔː.stɪv.nəs/ n
wyczerpującość
The state of being exhaustive.

exhibit /ɛɡ-/ /ɪɡˈzɪbɪt/ exhibits n
eksponat
A public showing; an exhibition.
dowód rzeczowy
(legal) An article formally introduced as evidence in a court.

exhibit /ɛɡ-/ /ɪɡˈzɪbɪt/ v
pokazać pokazywać
(transitive) To display or show (something) for others to see, especially at an exhibition or contest.
wystawiać wystawić
(intransitive) To put on a public display.

exhibition /ɛksɪˈbɪʃən/ exhibitions n
wystawa
A large-scale public showing of objects or products.

exhibition game exhibition games n
mecz towarzyski
(sports) A practice game which does not count on a team's record.

exhibitionism exhibitionisms n
ekshibicjonizm
The practice or character trait of deliberately drawing attention to oneself.
(pathology) The practice or character trait of deliberately displaying one's genitals, nipples, or buttocks in public.

exhibitionist more exhibitionist most exhibitionist adj
ekshibicjonistyczny
compulsively seeking attention

exhibitionist exhibitionists n
pozer pozerka
One who attempts to draw attention to themselves by their behaviour.
ekshibicjonista ekshibicjonistka
One who exposes their genitalia (or female nipples) in public.

exhibitionistically more exhibitionistically most exhibitionistically adv
ekshibicjonistycznie
In an exhibitionistic manner.

exhilarate /ɛɡ-/ /ɪɡˈzɪləɹeɪt/ /ɪɡˈzɪləˌɹeɪt/ v
rozweselić
(transitive) To cheer, to cheer up, to gladden, to make happy.

exhilarating more exhilarating most exhilarating adj
ekscytujący emocjonujący
Refreshingly thrilling.

exhort /ɛɡˈzɔɹt/ /ɛɡˈzɔːt/ /ɪɡˈzɔɹt/ /ɪɡˈzɔːt/ v
namawiać zachęcać
To urge; to advise earnestly.

exhumation /ˌɛks.hjuːˈmeɪ.ʃən/ exhumations n
ekshumacja
The act of digging up that which has been buried.

exhume /ɛks.ˈ(h)juːm/ /ɛkˈ.s(j)um/ /ɪɡ.ˈzjuːm/ /ɪɡˈz(j)um/ v
ekshumować
(transitive) To dig out of the ground; to take out of a place of burial; to disinter.

exile /ɪɡˈzaɪl/ /ˈɛkˌsaɪl/ /ˈɛɡˌzaɪl/ exiles n
wygnanie banicja uchodźstwo zesłanie
(uncountable) The state of being banished from one's home or country.
wygnaniec banita banitka wygnanka
(countable) Someone who is banished from his home or country.

exile /ɪɡˈzaɪl/ /ˈɛkˌsaɪl/ /ˈɛɡˌzaɪl/ v
banitować wygnać
(transitive) To send (someone or something) into exile.

exist /ɛɡˈzɪst/ /ɪɡˈzɪst/ v
istnieć egzystować
(intransitive, stative) to be; have existence; have being or reality

existence /ɛɡˈzɪs.təns/ /ɪɡˈzɪs.təns/ existences n
egzystencja istnienie
The state of being, existing, or occurring; beinghood.

existent adj
istniejący
existing; having life or being, current; occurring now

existential /ˌɛk.sɪs.ˈtɛn.ʃəl/ /ˌɛɡ.zɪs.ˈtɛn.ʃəl/ adj
egzystencjalny
Of or relating to existence.

existential crisis existential crises n
kryzys egzystencjalny
(existentialism) A state of panic or feeling of intense psychological discomfort about questions of existence.

existentialism /ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛnʃəlɪzəm/ existentialisms n
egzystencjalizm
(philosophy, countable) The philosophical views of a particular thinker associated with the existentialist movement.

existing /ɪɡˈzɪstɪŋ/ adj
istniejący
That exists, or has existence, especially that exists now.

exit /ˈɛksət/ /ˈɛksɪt/ /ˈɛɡzət/ /ˈɛɡzɪt/ exits n
wyjście
An act of going out or going away, or leaving; a departure.
An opening or passage through which one can go from inside a place (such as a building, a room, or a vehicle) to the outside; an egress.
wyjście wyjazd
A way out.

exit /ˈɛksət/ /ˈɛksɪt/ /ˈɛɡzət/ /ˈɛɡzɪt/ v
wychodzić wyjść
(intransitive) To go out or go away from a place or situation; to depart, to leave.

exit poll exit polls n
exit poll
A poll taken of a sample of voters as they leave a voting station, used to predict the outcome of an election.

exit strategy exit strategies n
strategia wyjścia
(usually, military, politics, or, business) A well-defined plan for bringing involvement in a mission, activity, or commitment to an acceptable conclusion.

exo- /ɛksoʊ-/ prefix
egzo-

exobiological adj
astrobiologiczny egzobiologiczny

exobiologist exobiologists n
astrobiolog egzobiolog
A biologist whose speciality is exobiology.

exobiology exobiologies n
astrobiologia egzobiologia
(biology, science fiction) The branch of biology dealing with lifeforms originating a different planet.

exocarp exocarps n
egzokarp
(biology) The outermost layer of the pericarp of fruits; the skin or epicarp

exodus /ˈɛksədəs/ /ˈɛɡzədəs/ exodi exoduses n
exodus
A sudden departure of a large number of people.

exogamous more exogamous most exogamous adj
egzogamiczny
(biology, marriage) Of or relating to exogamy.

exogamy exogamies n
egzogamia
marriage to a person belonging to a tribe or group other than one's own as required by custom or law

exomoon exomoons n
egzoksiężyc
(astronomy) A moon that is outside the Solar System (our solar system).

exonerate /ɛɡ-/ /ɪɡˈzɑnəˌɹeɪt/ /ɪɡˈzɒnəɹeɪt/ v
odciążać odciążyć uwolnić
(transitive, archaic) To relieve (someone or something) of a load; to unburden (a load).

exoneration exonerations n
rehabilitacja
An act of disburdening, discharging, or freeing morally from a charge or imputation.
(uncountable) The state of being disburdened or freed from a charge.

exonym /ˈɛksənɪm/ /ˈɛɡzənɪm/ exonyms n
egzonim
An external name for a place, people or language used by foreigners instead of the native-language version.

exophthalmos exophthalmoses n
wytrzeszcz
(pathology) An abnormal protrusion of the eyeball from its socket.

exoplanet exoplanets n
egzoplaneta planeta pozasłoneczna
(astronomy, planetology) A planet which exists outside Earth's solar system.

exorcism /ˈɛk.sɔɹˌsɪ.zəm/ /ˈɛk.sɔː.sɪ.zəm/ /ˈɛk.sɚˌsɪ.zəm/ exorcisms n
egzorcyzm egzorcyzmowanie
The ritual act of driving out evil spirits from persons, places or things that are possessed by them.

exorcist /ˈɛk.sɔɹˌsɪst/ /ˈɛk.sɔː.sɪst/ /ˈɛk.sɚˌsɪst/ exorcists n
egzorcysta
A person, especially a priest or priestess, who is a masterful practitioner in purification and exorcism to force out evil spirits and/or demons from a living being.

exoskeleton exoskeleta exoskeletons n
egzoszkielet szkielet zewnętrzny
(anatomy) A hard outer structure that provides both structure and protection to creatures such as insects and Crustacea.

exosphere exospheres n
egzosfera
the uppermost layer of a planet's atmosphere

exoteric /ˌɛksə(ʊ)ˈtɛɹɪk/ /ˌɛksəˈtɛɹɪk/ more exoteric most exoteric adj
egzoteryczny
Capable of being fully or readily comprehended by the public; accessible; also, having an obvious application.

exotic /ɪɡˈzɑtɪk/ /ɪɡˈzɒtɪk/ more exotic most exotic adj
egzotyczny
Non-native to the ecosystem.
(gambling) Being or relating to various wagers, such as the trifecta, that involve betting on the finishing positions of multiple competitors across one or more races.

exotoxin exotoxins n
egzotoksyna
Any toxin secreted by a microorganism into the surrounding environment.

expanse /ɛkˈspæns/ /ɪkˈspæns/ expanses n
bezkres
A wide stretch, usually of sea, sky, or land.

expansion /ɪkˈspænʃən/ expansions n
ekspansja
An act, process, or instance of expanding.

expansion team expansion teams n
beniaminek

expansionism /ɛkˈspænʃənɪzəm/ expansionisms n
ekspansjonizm
The policy, of a nation, of expanding its territory or its economic influence.

expansionist more expansionist most expansionist adj
ekspansjonistyczny
Of or pertaining to expansionism.

expansionist expansionists n
ekspansjonista
An advocate of expansionism.

expatriate /ɛksˈpeɪ.tɹi.eɪt/ /ɛksˈpeɪ.tɹi.ɪt/ /ɛksˈpætɹi.ɪt/ /ɛksˈpætɹɪ.eɪt/ expatriates n
ekspat ekspata ekspatka
ekspatriant emigrant
One who lives outside one's own country.
wygnaniec
One who has been banished from one's own country.

expatriate /ɛksˈpeɪ.tɹi.eɪt/ /ɛksˈpeɪ.tɹi.ɪt/ /ɛksˈpætɹi.ɪt/ /ɛksˈpætɹɪ.eɪt/ v
wygnać wypędzać
(transitive) To banish; to drive or force (a person) from his own country; to make an exile of.
(intransitive) To withdraw from one’s native country.

expect /ɛkˈspɛkt/ /ɪkˈspɛkt/ v
oczekiwać
To consider obligatory or required.
To consider reasonably due.
oczekiwać spodziewać się
(obsolete, transitive) To wait for; to await.

expect the unexpected v
wszystko może się zdarzyć
Do not be surprised by unusual events. Anything might happen.

expectation /ˌek.spekˈtæɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɛk.spɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/ expectations n
oczekiwanie
The act or state of expecting or looking forward to an event as about to happen.
That which is expected or looked for.
wartość oczekiwana
The value of any chance (as the prospect of prize or property) which depends upon some contingent event.

expedient /ɪkˈspiːdi.ənt/ more expedient most expedient adj
celowy dogodny wygodny
Suitable to effect some desired end or the purpose intended.
dogodny wygodny
(obsolete) Expeditious, quick, rapid.

expedite /ˈɛk.spəˌdaɪt/ /ˈɛk.spɪˌdaɪt/ v
przyspieszyć
(transitive) To accelerate the progress of.

expedition /ɛkspəˈdɪʃən/ expeditions n
ekspedycja wyprawa
A trip, especially a long one, made by a person or a group of people for a specific purpose

expel /ɪkˈspɛl/ v
wydalać wydalić wyrzucać wyrzucić
To eject or erupt.
wydalać wydalić wykluczać wykluczyć
(transitive) To remove from membership.
wyganiać wygnać wygonić wypędzać wypędzić
(transitive) To deport.

expenditure /ɛkˈspɛndɪt͡ʃə/ /ɛkˈspɛndɪt͡ʃɚ/ /ɪkˈspɛndɪt͡ʃə/ /ɪkˈspɛndɪt͡ʃɚ/ expenditures n
rozchód
(uncountable, countable) The amount expended; expense; outlay.

expense /ɪkˈspɛns/ expenses n
wydatek ekspens nakład
A spending or consuming, often a disbursement of funds.

expensive /ɛkˈspɛnsɪv/ /ɪkˈspɛnsɪv/ more expensive most expensive adj
drogi
Having a high price or cost.

expensively more expensively most expensively adv
drogo
In an expensive manner.

experience /ɪkˈspɪə.ɹɪəns/ /ɪkˈspɪɹ.i.əns/ experiences n
doświadczenie
The effect upon the judgment or feelings produced by any event, whether witnessed or participated in; personal and direct impressions as contrasted with description or fancies; personal acquaintance; actual enjoyment or suffering.
(countable) An activity one has performed.
(countable) A collection of events and/or activities from which an individual or group may gather knowledge, opinions, and skills.
(uncountable) The knowledge thus gathered.

experience /ɪkˈspɪə.ɹɪəns/ /ɪkˈspɪɹ.i.əns/ v
doświadczyć doświadczać
(transitive) To observe certain events; undergo a certain feeling or process; or perform certain actions that may alter one or contribute to one's knowledge, opinions, or skills.

experienced /ɪkˈspɪə.ɹɪənst/ /ɪkˈspɪɹ.i.ənst/ more experienced most experienced adj
doświadczony obyty
Having experience and skill in a subject.

experiment /ɛkˈspɛɹ.ɪ.mənt/ /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/ /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ɪ.mənt/ /ɪkˈspɪɹ.ə.mənt/ experiments n
eksperyment doświadczenie próba
A test under controlled conditions made to either demonstrate a known truth, examine the validity of a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy or likelihood of something previously untried.

experiment /ɛkˈspɛɹ.ɪ.mənt/ /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/ /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ɪ.mənt/ /ɪkˈspɪɹ.ə.mənt/ v
eksperymentować przeprowadzać doświadczenie
(transitive, obsolete) To test or ascertain by experiment; to try out; to make an experiment on.

experimental /ɪkspɛɹəˈmɛntəl/ /ɪkˌspɛɹəˈmɛntəl/ more experimental most experimental adj
doświadczalny eksperymentalny
Serving as an experiment; serving to experiment.

experimentally more experimentally most experimentally adv
eksperymentalnie
in the manner of an experiment

experimenter experimenters n
eksperymentatorka eksperymentator
A person who experiments.

expert /ˈek.spɜːt/ /ˈɛk.spɜːt/ /ˈɛk.spɝt/ experts n
ekspert specjalista
A person with extensive knowledge or ability in a given subject.

expert witness expert witnesses n
biegła biegły
(legal) A witness that has expertise in a certain field.

expertise /ˌɛkspəˈtiːz/ /ˌɛkspɚˈtiːs/ /ˌɛkspɚˈtiːz/ expertises n
ekspertyza
Advice, or opinion, of an expert.

expiation /ɛkspiˈeɪʃən/ expiations n
ekspiacja
An act of atonement for a sin or wrongdoing.

expiatory more expiatory most expiatory adj
pokutniczy
Of or pertaining to expiation.

expire /ɛkˈspaɪə(ɹ)/ /ɪkˈspaɪə(ɹ)/ v
przeterminować się wygasać wygasnąć
(intransitive) To lapse and become invalid.

expiry date expiry dates n
data ważności termin ważności
(UK) The date on which something runs out or expires and becomes out of date, in many cases needing renewal.

explain /ɛkˈspleɪn/ /ɪkˈspleɪn/ v
wyjaśniać wyjaśnić objaśniać objaśnić
(ambitransitive) To make plain, manifest, or intelligible; to clear of obscurity; to illustrate the meaning of.
(transitive) To give a valid excuse for past behavior.
(obsolete) To make flat, smooth out.
(obsolete) To unfold or make visible.
(intransitive) To make something plain or intelligible.

explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/ explanations n
wyjaśnienie objaśnienie
The act or process of explaining.

explanatory /ɛkˈsplæn.ə.t(ə)ɹi/ /ɛkˈsplæn.ə.tɔː.ɹi/ /ɪkˈsplæn.ə.t(ə)ɹi/ /ɪkˈsplæn.ə.tɔː.ɹi/ more explanatory most explanatory adj
objaśniający wyjaśniający
Intended to serve as an explanation.

explanatory dictionary explanatory dictionaries n
słownik objaśniający

explicit /ɪkˈsplɪsɪt/ more explicit most explicit adj
jasny szczegółowy wprost
Very specific, clear, or detailed. [from 1609]
wulgarny
(euphemism) Containing material (e.g. language or film footage) that might be deemed offensive or graphic. [from 1971]

explicitly more explicitly most explicitly adv
wyraźnie
In an explicit manner.

explode /ɪkˈsploʊd/ /ɪkˈspləʊd/ v
wysadzać wysadzić
(transitive) To destroy with an explosion.
wybuchać wybuchnąć wysadzać wysadzić
(intransitive) To fly apart with sudden violent force; to blow up, to burst, to detonate, to go off.

exploit /ɪksˈplɔɪt/ /ˈɛksplɔɪt/ exploits n
wyczyn
A heroic or extraordinary deed.
exploit
(computing) A program or technique that exploits a vulnerability in other software.

exploit /ɪksˈplɔɪt/ /ˈɛksplɔɪt/ v
wyzyskiwać wykorzystywać
(transitive) To use (something) to someone's advantage, such as one's own benefit or a society's benefit.
(transitive) To make unfair use of someone else's labor, person, or property to one's own advantage.

exploitation /ˌɛksplɔɪˈteɪʃn̩/ exploitations n
eksploatacja spożytkowanie wykorzystanie wyzysk
The act of utilizing something; industry.
The act or result of forcibly depriving someone of something to which they have a natural right.

exploiter exploiters n
wyzyskiwaczka wyzyskiwacz
One who exploits.

exploration /ˌɛkspləˈɹeɪʃən/ explorations n
badanie eksploracja
The process of exploring.
The process of penetrating, or ranging over for purposes of (especially geographical) discovery.
The (pre-)mining process of finding and determining commercially viable ore deposits (after prospecting), also called mineral exploration.

exploratorily more exploratorily most exploratorily adv
badawczo

exploratoriness n
badawczość

exploratory /ɛkˈsplɒɹ.ə.tə.ɹi/ /ɛkˈsplɒɹ.ə.tɹi/ /ɛkˈsplɔɹ.əˌtɔɹ.i/ /ɪkˈ-/ /ɪkˈsplɔɹ.ə.tə.ɹi/ adj
badawczy

explore /ɪkˈsplo(ː)ɹ/ /ɪkˈsploə/ /ɪkˈsplɔɹ/ /ɪkˈsplɔː/ v
badać zbadać
(transitive) To examine or investigate something systematically.

explorer /ɛkˈsplɔːɹə(ɹ)/ explorers n
odkrywca badaczka odkrywczyni badacz
A person who by means of travel (notably an expedition) searches out new information.

explosion /ɛkˈsploʊ.ʒən/ /ɪkˈsploʊ.ʒən/ /ɪkˈspləʊ.ʒən/ explosions n
wybuch eksplozja
A violent release of energy (sometimes mechanical, nuclear, or chemical); an act or instance of exploding.
gwałtowny wzrost
A sudden, uncontrolled or rapid increase, expansion, or bursting out.

explosive /ɛkˈspləʊsɪv/ /ɪkˈspləʊsɪv/ more explosive most explosive adj
wybuchowy
With the capability to, or likely to, explode.
(slang) Easily driven to anger, usually with reference to a person.

explosive /ɛkˈspləʊsɪv/ /ɪkˈspləʊsɪv/ explosives n
materiał wybuchowy
Any explosive substance.

explosive belt explosive belts n
pas szahida
A belt packed with explosives and armed with a detonator, worn by a suicide bomber.

explosively more explosively most explosively adv
wybuchowo
In an explosive manner.

exponent /ɛkˈspəʊnənt/ /ɪkˈkspəʊnənt/ /ˈɛkspoʊnənt/ /ˈɛkspənənt/ exponents n
wykładnik
(mathematics) The number by which a value (called the base) is said to be raised to a power in exponentiation: for example, the 3 in 2^3=8.

exponential /ˌɛk.spoʊ.ˈnɛn.t͡ʃəl/ /ˌɛk.spəʊ.ˈnɛn.tʃəl/ adj
wykładniczy
(mathematics) Expressed in terms of a power of e.

exponential function exponential functions n
funkcja eksponencjalna
(mathematics) Any function in which an independent variable is in the form of an exponent; they are the inverse functions of logarithms

exponential growth exponential growths n
wzrost wykładniczy
(mathematics) The growth in the value of a quantity, in which the rate of growth is proportional to the instantaneous value of the quantity; for example, when the value has doubled, the rate of increase will also have doubled. The rate may be positive or negative.

exponentiality exponentialities n
wykładniczość
(uncountable) The condition of being exponential.

exponentially /ɛkspə(ʊ)ˈnɛnʃəli/ more exponentially most exponentially adv
wykładniczo
(mathematics, sciences) In an exponential manner.

exponentiate v
potęgować spotęgować
(transitive) To raise something (a number, or mathematical expression) to a power; to apply an exponent to a mathematical expression.

exponentiation /ˌɛk.spoʊ.ˌnɛn.ʃi.ˈeɪ.ʃən/ exponentiations n
potęgowanie
(mathematics, arithmetic) The process of calculating a power by multiplying together a number of equal factors, where the exponent specifies the number of factors to multiply.

export /ɪksˈpo(ː)ɹt/ /ɪksˈpoət/ /ɪksˈpɔɹt/ /ɪksˈpɔːt/ /ˈɛks.po(ː)ɹt/ /ˈɛks.poət/ /ˈɛks.pɔɹt/ /ˈɛks.pɔːt/ exports n
eksport
(countable) Something that is exported.
eksport wywóz
(uncountable) The act of exporting.

export /ɪksˈpo(ː)ɹt/ /ɪksˈpoət/ /ɪksˈpɔɹt/ /ɪksˈpɔːt/ /ˈɛks.po(ː)ɹt/ /ˈɛks.poət/ /ˈɛks.pɔɹt/ /ˈɛks.pɔːt/ v
eksportować wyeksportować
(transitive) To sell (goods) to a foreign country.

exporter exporters n
eksporter
One who, or that which, exports: especially a person who or organization that exports or sells goods made in one country for delivery in another country.

expose /ɛkˈspoʊz/ /ɪkˈspoʊz/ /ɪkˈspəʊz/ v
odsłonić ukazać
(transitive) To reveal, uncover, make visible, bring to light, introduce (to).
eksponować naświetlić
(transitive) To subject photographic film to light thereby recording an image.

exposed adj
odsłonięty wystawiony
(usually followed by to) Vulnerable, susceptible.

exposition /ɛkspəˈzɪʃən/ expositions n
wystawa
(authorship) The act or process of declaring or describing something through either speech or writing; the portions and aspects of a piece of writing that exist mainly to describe the setting, characters and other non-plot elements.

express /ɛk.ˈspɹɛs/ /ɪkˈspɹɛs/ v
wyrażać wyrazić
(transitive) To convey or communicate; to make known or explicit.

express train express trains n
pociąg pospieszny pospieszny
(rail) A train (either the service or the train itself) making limited stops.

expression /ɛkˈspɹɛʃ.ən/ /ɪkˈspɹɛʃ.ən/ expressions n
ekspresja
The action of expressing thoughts, ideas, feelings, etc.
wyrażenie zwrot
A particular way of phrasing an idea.
wyrażenie wyraz zwrot
A colloquialism or idiom.
wyraz twarzy mina
A facial appearance usually associated with an emotion.
wyrażenie
(mathematics) An arrangement of symbols denoting values, operations performed on them, and grouping symbols.
(programming) A piece of code in a high-level language that returns a value.

expressionism expressionisms n
ekspresjonizm
A movement in the arts in which the artist did not depict objective reality, but rather a subjective expression of their inner experiences

expressionist more expressionist most expressionist adj
ekspresjonistyczny
Of, pertaining to, or in the style of expressionism

expressionist expressionists n
ekspresjonista ekspresjonistka
A painter who paints in this style

expressionless more expressionless most expressionless adj
bezwyrazowy
without expression

expressive /ɪkˈspɹɛsɪv/ more expressive most expressive adj
ekspresywny wyrazisty
Effectively conveying thought or feeling.

expressly /ɪkˈspɹɛsli/ adv
wyraźnie
In an express or explicit manner; in a clear or specific manner.

expressway /eks.ˈpɹɛs.weɪ/ expressways n
autostrada
(US, regional) A divided highway, especially one whose intersections and direct access to adjacent properties have been eliminated.
droga ekspresowa
(UK, New Zealand) A road built for high speed traffic, but not up to motorway standards or designated a motorway.

expropriate v
wywłaszczać wywłaszczyć
(transitive) To deprive a person of (their private property) for public use.

expropriation /ɛksˌpɹoʊpɹiˈeɪʃən/ expropriations n
wywłaszczenie
The act of expropriating; the surrender of a claim to private property; the act of depriving of private propriety rights.

expulsion /ɪkˈspʌlʃən/ expulsions n
wydalenie
The act of expelling or the state of being expelled.

exquisite /ɪkˈskwɪzɪt/ /ˈɛkskwɪzɪt/ more exquisite most exquisite adj
wyborny wyśmienity
Especially fine or pleasing; exceptional.

extant /ɛkˈstænt/ /ˈɛk.stənt/ adj
istniejący trwający
Still in existence; not having disappeared.

extemporize v
improwizować zaimprowizować
(intransitive) To perform or speak without prior planning or thought; to act in an impromptu manner; to improvise.

extended family extended families n
rodzina rozszerzona
A family consisting of parents and children, along with additional members such as grandparents, grandchildren, aunts or uncles, cousins, etc.

extended metaphor extended metaphors n
rozszerzona metafora

extension /ɛkˈstɛnʃən/ /ɪkˈstɛnʃən/ extensions n
rozciągłość
That property of a body by which it occupies a portion of space (or time, e.g. "spatiotemporal extension")
rozszerzenie
(computing) An optional software component that adds functionality to an application.
(ring theory, of an ideal in the domain of a ring homomorphism) The ideal in the codomain generated by the image of the given ideal under the given homomorphism.

extension cord extension cords n
przedłużacz
(electronics, US) An electrical cord with a plug one end, and a single socket or a multi-port socket at the other end, used for powering one or more devices at a distance, too far from the wall outlet to be reached by the normal cords of the device or devices.

extensionality extensionalities n
ekstensjonalność
(mathematics, functional analysis) The principle that functions are equal if and only if they operate on the same domain and for any given element of the domain the result of each of the functions is the same.

extensive /ɛksˈtɛn.sɪv/ /ɪkˈstɛn.sɪv/ more extensive most extensive adj
rozległy
(figurative) Considerable in amount.

extent /ɪkˈstɛnt/ extents n
stopień
The space, area, volume, etc., to which something extends.

extenuating circumstance extenuating circumstances n
okoliczność łagodząca
(legal, or general usage, chiefly, in the plural) Any fact that mitigates or lessens a crime.

exterior /ɛkˈstɪəɹɪə/ /ɛkˈstɪɹiɚ/ /ɪkˈstɪəɹɪə/ /ɪkˈstɪɹiɚ/ adj
zewnętrzny
Relating to the outside parts or surface of something.

extermination exterminations n
eksterminacja
The act of exterminating; total destruction or eradication

external /ɛksˈtɜː.nəl/ /ɛksˈtɝ.nəl/ /ɪksˈtɜː.nəl/ /ɪksˈtɝ.nəl/ more external most external adj
zewnętrzny
Provided by something or someone outside of the entity (object, group, company etc.) considered.

externally more externally most externally adv
zewnętrznie
on the surface or the outside

extinct /ɛkˈstɪŋkt/ /ɪkˈstɪŋkt/ adj
wygasły zagasły
(dated) Extinguished, no longer alight (of fire, candles etc.)
martwy wygasły
No longer used; obsolete, discontinued.
wymarły
(of a group of organisms, as a species) No longer in existence; having died out.
wygasły
(geology) No longer active.

extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən/ extinctions n
wygaszenie wymarcie wymieranie wytępienie
The action of making or becoming extinct; annihilation.

extinguish /ɪkˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/ v
zgasić stłumić ugasić
(transitive) To put out, as in fire; to end burning; to quench.
stłumić
(transitive) To destroy or abolish something.
ugasić
(transitive) To obscure or eclipse something.
wymazać
(transitive, literally) To hunt down (a species) to extinction.

extirpate /ˈɛkstəpeɪt/ /ˈɛkstɚpeɪt/ v
wykorzeniać wykorzenić wypleniać wyplenić
(transitive) To pull up by the roots; uproot.
wypleniać wyplenić
(transitive) To destroy completely; to annihilate,
usunąć usuwać
(transitive) To surgically remove.

extol /ɪkˈstoʊl/ /ɪkˈstəʊl/ v
wychwalać
To praise; to make high.

extortion /ɪkˈstɔɹʃən/ /ɪkˈstɔːʃən/ extortions n
wymuszenie zdzierstwo
The practice of extorting money or other property by the use of force or threats.

extortionate /ɛkˈstɔɹʃənət/ /ɛkˈstɔːʃənət/ more extortionate most extortionate adj
wygórowany
Greatly exceeding what is moderate or reasonable; exorbitant.

extra /ˈɛkstɹə/ more extra most extra adj
dodatkowy ekstra osobny
(not comparable) Beyond what is due, usual, expected, or necessary; extraneous; additional; supernumerary.
ekstra
(not comparable, dated) Extraordinarily good; superior.

extra /ˈɛkstɹə/ adv
ekstra
(informal) To an extraordinary degree.

extra time n
dogrywka

extra- prefix
ekstra- poza-
Outside of, beyond.

extracellular adj
pozakomórkowy zewnątrzkomórkowy
Occurring or found outside of a cell.

extract /ɛksˈtɹækt/ /ɪksˈtɹækt/ /ˈɛkstɹækt/ extracts n
ekstrakt wyciąg
Something that is extracted or drawn out.
A decoction, solution, or infusion made by drawing out from any substance that which gives it its essential and characteristic virtue
A solid preparation obtained by evaporating a solution of a drug, etc., or the fresh juice of a plant (distinguished from an abstract).
wyciąg wyjątek wypis
A portion of a book or document, incorporated distinctly in another work; a citation; a quotation.

extract /ɛksˈtɹækt/ /ɪksˈtɹækt/ /ˈɛkstɹækt/ v
ekstrahować wyciągać wyciągnąć wydobywać wydobyć wyekstrahować
(transitive) To draw out; to pull out; to remove forcibly from a fixed position, as by traction or suction, etc.

extraction /ɪkˈstɹækʃən/ extractions n
wydobywanie
An act of extracting or the condition of being extracted.
pochodzenie
(dated) A person's origin or ancestry.
wycofanie
(military) An act of removing someone from a hostile area to a secure location.
usunięcie
(dentistry) A removal of a tooth from its socket.

extractor hood extractor hoods n
wyciąg
(UK) An electrical kitchen device fitted over a cooker and connected to a flue designed to suck off any vapours from cooking.

extracurricular /ˌɛkstɹəkəˈɹɪkjʊlə(ɹ)/ adj
pozalekcyjny pozaszkolny
Outside of the normal curriculum of an educational establishment

extradite /ˈɛkstɹədaɪt/ v
ekstradować
(transitive) To remove a person from one state to another by legal process.

extradition extraditions n
ekstradycja
A formal process by which a criminal suspect held by one government or jurisdiction is handed over to another government or jurisdiction for trial or, if the suspect has already been tried and found guilty, to serve his or her sentence.

extragalactic adj
ekstragalaktyczny pozagalaktyczny
(astronomy) Originating outside of the Milky Way galaxy.
(astronomy) Originating outside of any galaxy.
(science fiction) Originating outside of the local galaxy.

extrajudicial adj
pozasądowy
(legal, of a punishment) Carried out without legal authority.

extralingual adj
pozajęzykowy

extramarital /ˌɛkstɹəˈmæɹɪtəl/ adj
pozamałżeński
Occurring outside marriage.

extramundane /ɛkstɹəmʌndeɪn/ more extramundane most extramundane adj
pozaziemski
Beyond mundane, beyond ordinary.

extraordinarily more extraordinarily most extraordinarily adv
nadzwyczajnie
In an extraordinary manner.

extraordinary /ɪks.tɹɑː.ˈɔː.dɪn.nə.ɹiː/ /ɪksˈtɹɔː(ɹ)dɪnəɹi/ /ɪksˈtɹɔː(ɹ)dɪnɹi/ /ˌɛkstɹəˈɔː(ɹ)dɪnəɹi/ /ˌɛkstɹəˈɔː(ɹ)dɪnɹi/ more extraordinary most extraordinary adj
nadzwyczajny niezwykły
Not ordinary; exceptional; unusual.

extraplanetary more extraplanetary most extraplanetary adj
pozaplanetarny
Originating, or located outside of a planet

extrapolation extrapolations n
ekstrapolacja
(mathematics) A calculation of an estimate of the value of some function outside the range of known values.

extrasensory perception /ˌɛkstɹəˈsɛnsəɹi pəˈsɛpʃən/ n
postrzeganie pozazmysłowe
The supposed ability to obtain information without the use of normal sensory channels.

extrasolar adj
pozasłoneczny
(astronomy) of or originating outside the Solar System.
pozasłoseczny
(astrophysics) of or originating in a solar system other than Earth's.

extraterrestrial /ˌɛk.stɹə.təˈɹɛs.tɹi.əl/ more extraterrestrial most extraterrestrial adj
pozaziemski
Originating from outside of the Earth's atmosphere, from space, or from another planet; alien to Earth or its environment.

extraterrestrial /ˌɛk.stɹə.təˈɹɛs.tɹi.əl/ extraterrestrials n
kosmita kosmitka
A being originating from outside of the Earth's atmosphere, from space, or from another planet; an alien.

extraterritoriality /ˌɛk.stɹəˌtɛ.ɹɪˌtɔ.ɹiˈæl.ɪ.ɾi/ /ˌɛk.stɹəˌtɛ.ɹɪˌtɔː.ɹɪˈæl.ɪ.ti/ extraterritorialities n
eksterytorialność
(legal, uncountable) Immunity from the local laws of a certain area, especially due to diplomatic negotiation.

extrauterine adj
pozamaciczny
Outside the uterus.

extravagance /ɪkˈstɹævəɡəns/ extravagances n
ekstrawagancja
Excessive or superfluous expenditure of money.

extravagant /ɪkˈstɹævəɡənt/ more extravagant most extravagant adj
ekstrawagancki
Exceeding the bounds of something; roving; hence, foreign.

extravaganza /ɪkˌstɹæv.əˈɡæn.zə/ extravaganzas extravaganze n
fanaberie
An instance of fantastical, unrestrained, lavish, or chaotic behaviour or conduct.

extremal adj
ekstremalny

extreme /ɛkˈstɹiːm/ /ɪkˈstɹim/ /ɪkˈstɹiːm/ extremer extremest more extreme most extreme adj
skrajny
Of a place, the most remote, farthest or outermost.
In the greatest or highest degree; intense.
nadzwyczajny
Excessive, or far beyond the norm.
skrajny drastyczny
Drastic, or of great severity.
ekstremalny
Of sports, difficult or dangerous; performed in a hazardous environment.

extreme /ɛkˈstɹiːm/ /ɪkˈstɹim/ /ɪkˈstɹiːm/ extremes n
skrajność
The greatest or utmost point, degree or condition.
A drastic expedient.
ekstremum ekstrema
Each of the things at opposite ends of a range or scale.

extreme unction /ɛk.stɹiːm.ʌŋk.ʃən/ n
namaszczenie chorych ostatnie namaszczenie
(Christianity) The Catholic sacrament of Anointing of the Sick.

extremely /ɪksˈtɹiːmli/ more extremely most extremely adv
niezwykle
(degree) To an extreme degree.

extremism /ɛkˈstɹiː.mɪ.zəm/ /ɪkˈstɹi.mɪ.zəm/ /ɪkˈstɹiː.mɪ.zəm/ extremisms n
ekstremizm
Extreme ideas or actions, primarily in politics or religion.

extremist /ɛkˈstɹiːmɪst/ /ɪkˈstɹiːmɪst/ more extremist most extremist adj
ekstremistyczny
Holding extreme views, especially on a political or religious subject.

extremist /ɛkˈstɹiːmɪst/ /ɪkˈstɹiːmɪst/ extremists n
ekstremista ekstremistka
(political) A person who holds extreme views, especially one who advocates such views; a radical or fanatic.

extremophile extremophiles n
ekstremofil
(ecology) An organism that lives under extreme conditions of temperature, salinity etc; commercially important as a source of enzymes that operate under similar conditions.

extremum /ɪkˈstɹiːməm/ extrema extremums n
ekstremum
(mathematics) A point, or value that is a maximum or a minimum.

extricate /ˈɛks.tɹɪ.keɪt/ v
wyswabadzać wyswobadzać wyswobodzić
(transitive) To free, disengage, loosen, or untangle.

exuberant /ɪɡˈzuːbəɹənt/ more exuberant most exuberant adj
entuzjastyczny
(of people) Very cheery and peppy; extremely cheerful, energetic and enthusiastic.
bujny wybujały
(literary, of things that grow) Abundant, luxuriant.

exult /ɪɡˈzʌlt/ v
nie posiadać się z radości
(intransitive) To rejoice; to be very happy, especially in triumph.

eyas /ˈaɪəs/ eyases eyasses n
maiż
A young hawk or falcon in the nest, or that has not yet fledged, especially one that will be trained for falconry.

eye /aɪ/ eyen eyes eyne n
oko
An organ through which animals see.
The ability to notice what others might miss.
A mark on an animal, such as a butterfly or peacock, resembling a human eye.
ucho oko
A hole at the blunt end of a needle through which thread is passed.
One of the holes in certain kinds of cheese.
oko oczko
A loop forming part of anything, or a hole through anything, to receive a hook, pin, rope, shaft, etc.; for example, at the end of a tie bar in a bridge truss, through a crank, at the end of a rope, or through a millstone.

eye /aɪ/ v
przypatrywać się
(transitive) To carefully or appraisingly observe (someone or something).

eye contact n
kontakt wzrokowy
The condition or action of looking at another human or animal in the eye.

eye examination eye examinations n
badanie wzroku

eye for an eye n
oko za oko, ząb za ząb oko za oko
(idiom) Compensation for injury caused by a person, in the form of inflicting an identical injury on that person.

eye of the storm n
oko cyklonu
A region of calm weather right in the middle of a storm.

eye patch eye patches n
opaska na oko przepaska na oko
An opaque patch worn so as to cover one eye in order to protect or conceal it, or to treat amblyopia in children.

eye shadow eye shadows n
cień do powiek
Makeup that is applied to the eyelids and below the eyes to give a darker complexion there.

eye socket eye sockets n
oczodół
(anatomy, ophthalmology) The bony cavity which contains the eyeball and its associated muscles, vessels, and nerves. In humans, seven bones make up each bony orbit.

eye test eye tests n
badanie wzroku
A series of examinations carried out by an optician to assess a patient's vision.

eye up v
lustrować
(idiomatic, colloquial) To examine closely something coveted

eye-catcher eye-catchers n
bajer szmery bajery wodotrysk
an eye-catching person or thing

eyeball eyeballs n
gałka oczna
The ball of the eye.

eyeball v
mierzyć na oko
(transitive, informal) To gauge, estimate or judge by eye, rather than measuring precisely; to look or glance at.

eyebright eyebrights n
świetlik
Any of the flowering plants of the genus Euphrasia, originally as used to treat eye infections. [from 16th c.]

eyebrow /ˈaɪˌbɹaʊ/ eyebrows n
brew
The hair that grows over the bone ridge above the eye socket.

eyebrow pencil eyebrow pencils n
kredka do brwi ołówek do brwi
Makeup in a pencil-like applicator used to define or draw on the eyebrows.

eyebrowed thrush eyebrowed thrushes n
drozd oliwkowy
A species of solitary thrush native to Asia, Turdus obscurus.

eyebrowless adj
bezbrewy
Without eyebrows.

eyecup eyecups n
muszla oczna
A shield surrounding the eyepiece of a camera.

eyelash /ˈaɪlæʃ/ eyelashes n
rzęsa
(anatomy, dermatology) One of the hairs which grows along the edge of eyelids.

eyelash curler eyelash curlers n
zalotka
a tool to curl the eyelashes.

eyeless adj
bezoki
Having no eyes (organs of sight).

eyelid /ˈaɪ.lɪd/ eyelids n
powieka
A thin skin membrane that covers and moves over an eye.

eyeliner eyeliners n
kredka do oczu
Makeup used to outline the eye, generally applied along or close to the lashline.

eyepiece eyepieces n
okular
The lens (or the component containing a combination of lenses) at the eye end of a microscope or telescope by which the image is viewed.

eyesight /ˈaɪˌsaɪt/ eyesights n
wzrok widzenie
Vision or the faculty of sight.

eyesore /ˈaɪsɔɹ/ /ˈaɪsɔː/ eyesores n
brzydactwo paskudztwo szkarada szkaradzieństwo
A displeasing sight; something prominently ugly or unsightly.

eyewitness eyewitnesses n
naoczny świadek
Someone who sees an event and can report or testify about it. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

eyrie /ˈaɪ.ɹi/ /ˈɛ.ɹi/ /ˈɛə.ɹi/ /ˈɪ.ɹi/ /ˈɪə.ɹi/ eyries n
orle gniazdo
The nest of a bird of prey.

f-word f-words n
słowo na K
(euphemistic) The word fuck (or inflected forms like fucking) or fucker.

fable /ˈfeɪbəl/ fables n
bajka
A fictitious narrative intended to enforce some useful truth or precept, usually with animals, etc. as characters; an apologue. Prototypically, Aesop's Fables.
Fiction; untruth; falsehood.

fable /ˈfeɪbəl/ v
bajdurzyć
(transitive, archaic) To make up; to devise, and speak of, as true or real; to tell of falsely; to recount in the form of a fable.

fabliau fabliaux n
fabliau
A short, farcical, often bawdy tale of a genre written in the North of France in the 12th, 13th and 14th centuries.

fabric /ˈfæb.ɹɪk/ fabrics n
struktura
(figurative) The framework underlying a structure.
tkanina materiał faktura struktura tekstura
A material made of fibers, a textile or cloth.

fabric softener /ˈfæbrɪk ˈsɑfənər/ /ˈfæbrɪk ˈsɒfənər/ /ˈfæbrɪk ˈsɔfənər/ fabric softeners n
płyn do zmiękczania tkanin
A chemical agent used to prevent static cling and make fabric softer by coating the surface of the cloth fibers with a thin layer of chemicals; these chemicals have lubricant properties and are electrically conductive, thus making the fibers feel smoother and preventing buildup of static electricity; usually available as a liquid or as dryer sheets.

fabulist /ˈfæbjəlɪst/ fabulists n
bajkopis bajkopisarz bajopis
A person who writes or tells fables.
blagier blagierka kłamca
(figurative) A liar.

fabulosity fabulosities n
bajeczność bajkowość baśniowość
(uncountable) Fabulousness; the quality of being fabulous; fictitiousness; mythical character.

fabulous /ˈfæbjʊləs/ more fabulous most fabulous adj
bajeczny
Of or relating to fable, myth or legend.
Characteristic of fables; marvelous, extraordinary, incredible.
bajeczny bajkowy
(slang) Very good; outstanding, wonderful.

fabulously /ˈfæbjʊləsli/ more fabulously most fabulously adv
bajecznie bajkowo baśniowo
In a fabulous manner.

fabulousness fabulousnesses n
bajeczność bajkowość baśniowość
The state of being fabulous or fictitious; fabulosity.

facade /fəˈsɑːd/ facades n
front
(by extension) The face or front (most visible side) of any other thing, such as an organ.
fasada
(figuratively) A deceptive or insincere outward appearance.
(programming) An object serving as a simplified interface to a larger body of code, as in the facade pattern.

facade pattern facade patterns n
fasada
(software, object-oriented) A structural design pattern that provides an object that is a simplified interface to a larger body of code, such as a class library.

face /feɪs/ /feːs/ faces n
twarz oblicze jadaczka japa lice lico
(anatomy) The front part of the head of a human or other animal, featuring the eyes, nose, and mouth, and the surrounding area.
jadaczka japa morda
(slang) The mouth.
mina wyraz twarzy grymas
(in expressions such as 'make a face') A distorted facial expression; an expression of displeasure, insult, etc.
twarz wizerunek
Public image; outward appearance.
ściana twarz
(geometry) Any of the flat bounding surfaces of a polyhedron; more generally, any of the bounding pieces of a polytope of any dimension.

face /feɪs/ /feːs/ v
obrócić się (w stronę/do czegoś)
(transitive, of a person or animal) To position oneself or itself so as to have one's face closest to (something).
stawiać czoła stawić czoła
(transitive) To deal with (a difficult situation or person); to accept (facts, reality, etc.) even when undesirable.

face cream face creams n
krem do twarzy
A cosmetic cream used to moisturize the face.

face the music v
nawarzyłeś piwa, to musisz je teraz wypić
(idiomatic) To accept or confront the unpleasant consequences of one's actions.

face to face adv
twarzą w twarz w cztery oczy
In person; directly; in the physical presence of somebody.

face value face values n
wartość nominalna nominał
The amount or value listed on a bill, note, stamp, etc.; the stated value or amount.

face-to-face adj
na osobności sam na sam twarzą w twarz w cztery oczy
In one another's presence.

facebooker facebookers n
facebookowicz
A person using the social networking website Facebook.

faceless more faceless most faceless adj
bezlicy
Having or revealing no individuality, personality or distinctive characteristics.

facelift /ˈfeɪsˌlɪft/ facelifts n
lifting
Plastic surgery to the face to remove wrinkles, fat or various signs of aging.

facemask /ˈfeɪs.mæsk/ /ˈfeɪs.mɑːsk/ facemasks n
maska
(American football, Canadian football) The part of the helmet that directly covers the face, made of one or more plastic-coated metal bars.
pociąganie maski
(American football, Canadian football) The foul of grasping it during play.

facepalm /ˈfeɪsˌpɑː(l)m/ v
ukryć twarz w dłoniach
To bring the palm of one’s hand to one’s face as an expression of mixed humor and disbelief, disgust or shame; for example, when one is caught off-guard with a particularly bad pun.

facet /ˈfæsɪt/ facets n
faseta
Any one of the flat surfaces cut into a gem.
fasetka
(anatomy) One member of a compound eye, as found in insects and crustaceans.

facial /ˈfeɪ.ʃəl/ facials n
maseczka
(medicine) A personal care beauty treatment which involves cleansing and moisturizing of the human face.

facial expression facial expressions n
wyraz twarzy mina
The expression or countenance that seems to an onlooker to be represented by the appearance of a person or animal's face, resulting from specific use of that person's facial muscles.

facial hair n
zarost
Hair on the face of a human, such as the eyebrows of a man or woman or the androgenic hair (beard or moustache) of a man.

facilitate /fəˈsɪləteɪt/ /fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/ v
ułatwiać upraszczać torować
To make easy or easier.

facilitator facilitators n
pomocnik
A person who helps a group to have an effective dialog without taking any side of the argument, especially in order to reach a consensus.

facility /fəˈsɪlɪti/ facilities n
zakład
An institution specially designed for a specific purpose, such as incarceration, military use, or scientific experimentation.

facsimile /fækˈsɪm.ə.li/ facsimiles facsimilia n
faksymile
(countable) A copy or reproduction.

fact /fækt/ facts n
fakt
Something actual as opposed to invented.
Something which is real.
Something concrete used as a basis for further interpretation.
An objective consensus on a fundamental reality that has been agreed upon by a substantial number of experts.
Information about a particular subject, especially actual conditions and/or circumstances.
(databases) An individual value or measurement at the lowest level of granularity in a data warehouse.

fact-free adj
bez faktów
Without any regard for the truth.

faction /ˈfæk.ʃn̩/ /ˈfæk.ʃən/ factions n
frakcja stronnictwo
(countable) A group of people, especially within a political organization, which expresses a shared belief or opinion different from people who are not part of the group.

factor /ˈfæk.tə/ /ˈfæk.tɚ/ factors n
czynnik faktor pełnomocnik
(obsolete) A doer, maker; a person who does things for another person or organization.
czynnik faktor
An agent or representative.
(legal)
A business organization that lends money on accounts receivable or buys and collects accounts receivable.
A commission agent.
A person or business organization that provides money for another's new business venture; one who finances another's business.
One of the elements, circumstances, or influences which contribute to produce a result.
(mathematics) Any of various objects multiplied together to form some whole.
(economics) A resource used in the production of goods or services, a factor of production.
(Scotland) A steward or bailiff of an estate.
czynnik faktor mnożnik
(causal analysis) Influence; a phenomenon that affects the nature, the magnitude, and/or the timing of a consequence.

factor of production factors of production n
czynnik produkcji
(economics) A resource used to produce goods and services, such as labor, land, or capital.

factorial /fækˈtɔːɹi.əl/ factorials n
silnia faktoriał
(mathematics, combinatorics) The result of multiplying a given number of consecutive integers from 1 to the given number. In equations, it is symbolized by an exclamation mark (!). For example, 5! = 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × 5 = 120.

factoring factorings n
faktoring
A financial transaction whereby a business sells its accounts receivable to a third party (called a factor) at a discount.

factorizable adj
zdolny do rozkładania na czynniki

factory /ˈfæk.tə.ɹi/ /ˈfæk.tɚ.i/ /ˈfæk.tɹi/ factories n
fabryka zakład
A building or other place where manufacturing takes place. [from 17th c.]

factotum /fækˈtoʊ.təm/ /fækˈtəʊ.təm/ factota factotums n
totumfacka totumfacki
(dated) A person having many diverse activities or responsibilities.
(dated) A general servant.

factual /ˈfæk.(t)ʃ(ʊ)əl/ /ˈfæk.tj(ʊ)əl/ /ˈfæk.tʃ(u)əl/ /ˈfɛk.(t)ʃ(ʉː)əl/ more factual most factual adj
faktyczny
Pertaining to or consisting of objective claims.

faculty /ˈfæ.kəl.ti/ faculties n
fakultet wydział
A division of a university.
zdolność
(Often in the plural) : an ability, power, or skill.

fad /fæd/ fads n
moda
A phenomenon that becomes popular for a very short time.

fade /feɪd/ v
więdnąć zwiędnąć
(intransitive) To grow weak; to lose strength; to decay; to perish gradually; to wither, as a plant.
blaknąć blednąć wyblaknąć zblaknąć zblednąć
(intransitive) To lose freshness, color, or brightness; to become faint in hue or tint; hence, to be wanting in color.
gasnąć zgasnąć
(intransitive) To sink away; to disappear gradually; to grow dim; to vanish.

fade away v
przekwitać zanikać
To lose strength, become weaker; to wane; to disappear or reduce slowly.

faded /ˈfeɪdɪd/ more faded most faded adj
wyblakły
That has lost some of its former vividness and colour.

faff /fæf/ faffs n
bzdura głupota
(Britain, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, slang) An overcomplicated task, especially one perceived as a waste of time.

fag /fæɡ/ fags n
pedał ciota pedzio homoś
(chiefly, US, Canada, vulgar, usually, _, offensive) A homosexual man, especially (usually, _, derogatory) an effeminate or unusual one.

fag break fag breaks n
przerwa na palenie
(UK, slang) A brief cessation of work, activity etc. in order to have a cigarette.

faggot /ˈfæ.ɡət/ faggots n
ciota pedał
(offensive, vulgar, derogatory, chiefly, US, Canada) An annoying or inconsiderate person.

faggotry /ˈfæɡətɹi/ faggotries n
pedalstwo
(offensive, pejorative, derogatory, vulgar, slang) The stereotypical behaviours of a faggot (male homosexual) or homosexuality in general.

faience /ˈfaɪ.əns/ faiences n
fajans
A type of tin-glazed earthenware ceramic, used domestically for tableware and in architecture as a decorative material.

fail /feɪl/ v
nie udać się
(intransitive) To be unsuccessful.
przestać działać
(transitive) To be wanting to, to be insufficient for, to disappoint, to desert; to disappoint one's expectations.

fail-safe /ˈfeɪlˌseɪf/ fail-safes n
bezpiecznik
A device, mechanism or measure designed to make something fail-safe.

failing that adv
inaczej w przeciwnym razie w przeciwnym wypadku

failure /ˈfeɪ.ljə/ /ˈfeɪ.ljɚ/ failures n
porażka niepowodzenie nieudacznictwo
State or condition of not meeting a desirable or intended objective, opposite of success.
brak nieudacznik
An object, person or endeavour in a state of failure or incapable of success.
awaria defekt usterka
Termination of the ability of an item to perform its required function; breakdown.

faint /feɪnt/ v
mdleć omdleć zemdleć
(intransitive) To lose consciousness through a lack of oxygen or nutrients to the brain, usually as a result of suddenly reduced blood flow (may be caused by emotional trauma, loss of blood or various medical conditions).
(intransitive) To decay; to disappear; to vanish.

faintly /ˈfeɪntli/ faintlier faintliest adv
lekko słabo
In a faint manner; very quietly or lightly.

fair /feː(ə)/ /fɛə/ /fɛɚ/ /fɛː/ /fɪə/ fairer fairest adj
sprawiedliwy
Just, equitable.

fair /feː(ə)/ /fɛə/ /fɛɚ/ /fɛː/ /fɪə/ fairs n
jarmark kiermasz
An event for public entertainment and trade, a market.
targi
An event for professionals in a trade to learn of new products and do business, a trade fair.

fair copy fair copies n
czystopis
A handwritten document that has been written neatly and correctly without scratch-outs and revisions.

fair play n
fair play
Good behavior; conduct (in sports or another endeavor) that is respectful of the rules, the spirit of the activity, and the adversary.

fair sex n
słaba płeć płeć piękna
(idiom, dated, now, sometimes, offensive) Women collectively.

fair trade fair trades n
sprawiedliwy handel
(uncountable) A system of trading promoting more equitable global trade, especially to sellers and producers in poorer areas, but also to the environment.

fair trial fair trials n
rzetelny proces sądowy

fair value fair values n
wartość godziwa

fair-weather friend /ˈfɛəˌwɛðə ˈfɹɛnd/ /ˈfɛɚˌwɛðɚ ˈfɹɛnd/ /ˈfɛːˌwɛðə ˈfɹɛnd/ fair-weather friends n
przyjaciel
(idiomatic) One who is friendly, helpful, or available only when it is advantageous or convenient to be so. [from early 18th c.]

fairground /ˈfɛə(ɹ)ɡɹaʊnd/ fairgrounds n
jarmark wesołe miasteczko
An area where a fair (an event for public entertainment) or other public event is held; a showground.

fairing /ˈfɛəɹɪŋ/ /ˈfɛɹɪŋ/ fairings n
owiewka
A structure on various parts of a vehicle, for example an aircraft, automobile, or motorcycle, that produces a smooth exterior and reduces drag. [from 20th c.]

fairly /ˈfɛə(ɹ).li/ /ˈfɛɹ.li/ more fairly most fairly adv
fair
(manner) In a fair manner; fair; not biased or skewed or favouring a certain party

fairness /ˈfɛəɹ.nəs/ fairnesses n
sprawiedliwość
The property of being fair or equitable.

fairy /ˈfeːɹi/ /ˈfɛə̯ɹi/ /ˈfɛɹi/ /ˈfɛːɹi/ fairies n
wróżka wiła
A mythical being with magical powers, known in many sizes and descriptions, although often depicted in modern illustrations only as a small sprite with gauze-like wings, and revered in some modern forms of paganism.
ciota pedzio szwagier teściu
(Northern England, US, derogatory, colloquial) A male homosexual, especially one who is effeminate.

fairy godmother fairy godmothers n
dobra wróżka
In certain fairy tales, a fictional benevolent woman with magical powers who uses them to help the cause of the protagonist.

fairy ring fairy rings n
czarcie koło
(mycology, botany) A ring of fungi marking the periphery of the perennial underground growth of the mycelium.

fairy tale fairy tales n
bajka baśń
A folktale or literary story featuring fairies or similar fantasy characters.
(uncountable) The literary genre of these stories.
A story presented as true that is not believable.

fairy-tale adj
bajeczny baśniowy
Of the nature of a fairy tale; as if from a fairy tale.

fait accompli /ˌfeɪt.əˈkɔm.pli/ /ˌfeɪt.əˌkɔmˈpli/ faits accomplis n
fakt dokonany
An accomplished fact, something that has already occurred.

faith /feɪθ/ faiths n
wiara
A trust or confidence in the intentions or abilities of a person, object, or ideal from prior empirical evidence.
(obsolete) Credibility or truth.
wiara wyznanie
A religious or spiritual belief system.

faith will move mountains proverb
wiara czyni cuda wiara góry przenosi
Belief in oneself (read sometimes as belief in God) can help one overcome any hurdle in life's path.

faithful /ˈfeɪθ.fəl/ more faithful most faithful adj
wierny
Loyal; adhering firmly to person or cause.
Having faith.

faithfully /ˈfeɪθfəli/ more faithfully most faithfully adv
wiernie
In a faithful manner.

fajr n
fadżr
(Islam) the first of the five daily prayers recited by practicing Muslims.

fake /feɪ̯k/ faker fakest more fake most fake adj
fałszywy nieprawdziwy sztuczny
Not real; false, fraudulent
nieszczery
(of people) Insincere

fake /feɪ̯k/ fakes n
fejk
Something which is not genuine, or is presented fraudulently.

fakir /fɑˈkiɹ/ /fəˈkiɹ/ /fəˈkɪəɹ/ /ˈfeɪkəɹ/ fakirs n
fakir
(Hinduism, more, _, loosely) An ascetic mendicant, especially one who performs feats of endurance or apparent magic.

falafel /fəˈlæfəl/ /fəˈlɑfəl/ /fəˈlɑːfəl/ /fəˈlɒfəl/ falafel falafels n
falafel
(countable) A single falafel ball.

falanouc falanoucs n
falanruk
A rare mongoose-like euplerid mammal of Malagasy (Eupleres goudotii).

falcate /ˈfælkeɪt/ more falcate most falcate adj
sierpowaty
(zoology, and, botany) Shaped like a sickle.

falchion /ˈfɑlt͡ʃən/ /ˈfɔlt͡ʃən/ /ˈfɔːlʃən/ falchions n
tasak
(also, attributively) A somewhat curved, single-edged medieval sword of European origin, with the cutting edge on its convex side, whose design is reminiscent of the Persian scimitar and the Chinese dao.

falciform /ˈfæl.sɪ.fɔɹm/ /ˈfæl.sɪ.fɔːm/ /ˈfɒl.sɪ.fɔːm/ more falciform most falciform adj
sierpowaty
Sickle-shaped.

falcon /ˈfoːlkən/ /ˈfælkən/ /ˈfɑːlkən/ /ˈfɒlkən/ /ˈfɔː(l)kən/ /ˈfɛlkən/ falcons n
sokół
Any bird of the genus Falco, all of which are birds of prey.

falconer /ˈfælkənɚ/ /ˈfɒl.kən.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈfɔːk.nə(ɹ)/ falconers n
sokolnik
A person who breeds or trains hawks or other birds of prey for taking birds or game.

falconry falconries n
sokolnictwo
The sport of hunting by using trained birds of prey, especially falcons and hawks.

faldstool faldstools n
faldistorium
A portable, folding chair used by a bishop when away from his throne.

fall /fo(ː)l/ /fɑl/ /fɔl/ /fɔːl/ falls n
spadanie spadek
The act of moving to a lower position under the effect of gravity.
(chiefly, North America, archaic in Britain) The time of the year when the leaves typically fall from the trees; autumn; the season of the year between the autumnal equinox and the winter solstice. [from 16th c.]
upadek
A loss of greatness or status.

fall /fo(ː)l/ /fɑl/ /fɔl/ /fɔːl/ v
padać
To come down, to drop or descend.
paść
To come to the ground deliberately, to prostrate oneself.
spadać spaść
To move to a lower position under the effect of gravity.
polegnąć paść
(intransitive, formal, euphemistic) To die, especially in battle or by disease.

fall apart v
rozpadać rozpaść
To disintegrate, to break into pieces.

fall asleep v
zasnąć usnąć zasypiać usypiać
To pass from a state of wakefulness into sleep.
odchodzić odejść
(poetic, euphemistic) To die (often seen on gravestones).

fall at the last hurdle /ˈfɔl æt ðə ˌlæst ˈhɝd(ə)l/ /ˈfɔːl æt ðə ˌlɑːst ˈhɜːdl̩/ v
ponieść porażkę na końcu ponosić porażkę na końcu
(intransitive, idiomatic) To fail near the end of an activity, a project, etc.

fall behind v
spóźniać się
(idiomatic, intransitive) To be late (for a regular event)

fall down v
przewracać się przewrócić się
(intransitive) To fall to the ground. To collapse.

fall from grace v
wypadać z łask wypaść z łask
(figuratively, idiomatic) To fall from one's current social position to something lower, to lose one's prestige, status or power.

fall ill v
zachorować
To become ill, to get sick, to sicken.

fall in love v
zakochać zakochiwać
(intransitive, of a person, animate object following “with”) To come to have feelings of love, particularly romantic love.
zakochać się
(intransitive, reciprocal) To come to have feelings of love towards each other.

fall into place v
układać się ułożyć się
(idiomatic) To assume a clear and complete form when separate elements come together; to be fully realized at last.

fall on deaf ears v
trafiać w próżnię trafić w próżnię
(intransitive, figuratively) To be ignored.

fall on someone's neck v
obejmować serdecznie objąć serdecznie
(dated, idiomatic) To embrace someone affectionately or thankfully.

fall out of love v
odkochać odkochiwać
To cease to be in love (with someone).

fall pregnant v
zachodzić w ciążę zajść w ciążę
(intransitive, formal, or, literary) To become pregnant.

fall prey v
padać ofiarą paść ofiarą
To be affected, or overcome by, a bad situation; used with to.

fall through v
przepadać przepaść
(intransitive, idiomatic) To be unsuccessful, come to nothing; to be cancelled; not to proceed.

fall victim v
padać ofiarą paść ofiarą
(idiom, intransitive) to suffer as a result of external circumstances or someone else's actions

fallacious /fə.ˈleɪ.ʃəs/ more fallacious most fallacious adj
chybiony mylny
Characterized by fallacy; false or mistaken.

fallacy /ˈfæl.ə.si/ fallacies n
błąd logiczny
Deceptive or false appearance; that which misleads the eye or the mind.
sofizmat
(logic) An argument, or apparent argument, which professes to be decisive of the matter at issue, while in reality it is not; a specious argument.

fallback /ˈfɔːl.bæk/ fallbacks n
upadek
An act of falling back.
plan awaryjny
A backup plan or contingency strategy; an alternative which can be used if something goes wrong with the main plan; a recourse.

fallen angel fallen angels n
upadły anioł
(Christianity, Islam) An angel who rebelled against God and was exiled from heaven.

fallibilism /ˈfælɪbɪlɪzəm/ fallibilisms n
fallibilizm
The doctrine that knowledge is never certain, but always hypothetical and susceptible to correction.

fallible /ˈfa.lɪ.b(ə)l/ /ˈfæ.lə.bəl/ more fallible most fallible adj
omylny
Capable of making mistakes or being wrong.

fallout shelter fallout shelters n
schron przeciwatomowy
A thick-walled building, usually under the ground, built so that people can keep away from dust after a nuclear explosion.

fallow /ˈfæloʊ/ /ˈfæləʊ/ more fallow most fallow adj
płowy
(color) Of a pale red or yellow, light brown; dun.
odłogi odłogowy
(of agricultural land) Left unworked and uncropped for some amount of time.

fallow /ˈfæloʊ/ /ˈfæləʊ/ fallows n
ugór odłóg
(agriculture, uncountable) Ground ploughed and harrowed but left unseeded for one year.
(agriculture, uncountable) Uncultivated land.

fallow /ˈfæloʊ/ /ˈfæləʊ/ v
odłogować ugorować
(transitive) To make land fallow for agricultural purposes.

fallow deer /ˈfæl.əʊˌdɪə/ fallow deer n
daniel
A ruminant mammal (Dama dama) belonging to the family Cervidae.

falls /fɑlz/ /fɔlz/ /fɔːlz/ falls n
wodospad

false /fɑls/ /fɒls/ /fɔls/ /fɔːls/ [fɒʊs] [fɔɫs] falser falsest adj
fałszywy błędny nieprawdziwy
Untrue, not factual, factually incorrect.
sztuczny
Spurious, artificial.

false alarm false alarms n
fałszywy alarm
(archaic, idiomatic) A person who pretends to be more accomplished or a thing that seems to be of higher quality than is later found to be the case.

false dawn false dawns n
fałszywa nadzieja
(figuratively) Something engendering premature hope; a promising sign which in fact leads to nothing.

false flax n
lnianka lnicznik rydz
Any of the several flowering plants of the genus Camelina, especially Camelina sativa, which is cultivated for oil.

false friend /ˌfɑls ˈfɹɛnd/ /ˌfɒls ˈfɹɛnd/ /ˌfɔls ˈfɹɛnd/ /ˌfɔːls ˈfɹɛnd/ false friends n
fałszywy przyjaciel
(linguistics, translation studies, lexicography) A word in a language that bears a deceptive resemblance to a word in another language but in fact has a different meaning.

false hellebore false hellebores n
ciemiężyca
Any plant in the genus Veratrum.
gorzykwiat
A flowering plant, Adonis vernalis.

false modesty false modesties n
fałszywa skromność
Behavior that is intended to seem humble but comes across as fake and unflattering.

false morel false morels n
piestrzenica
Any of several Ascomycota mushrooms in the genus Gyromitra which bear a resemblance to the highly regarded true morels of the genus Morchella.

false negative /-ɾɪv/ /ˈfɑls ˈnɛɡətɪv/ /ˈfɒls ˈnɛɡətɪv/ /ˈfɔls ˈnɛɡətɪv/ /ˈfɔːls ˈnɛɡətɪv/ false negatives n
wynik fałszywie ujemny
A result of a test that shows as absent something that is present.

false positive false positives n
fałszywy alarm wynik fałszywie dodatni
A result of a test that shows as present something that is absent.

false start false starts n
falstart
(sports) The act of an athlete starting a race before being signaled to do so.

false witness false witnesses n
świadek fałszywy
(countable) A perjurer; a deceptive or misleading witness.
świadectwo fałszywe
(uncountable, countable) Deceptive public statements.

falsehood /ˈfɒlsˌhʊd/ falsehoods n
fałszywość
(uncountable) The property of being false.
fałsz
(countable) A false statement, especially an intentional one; a lie.

falsely more falsely most falsely adv
błędnie
In a false manner.

falsetto /fɒlˈsɛt.əʊ/ /fɔlˈsɛt.oʊ/ /fɔɫˈsɛɾ.oʊ/ /fɔːlˈsɛt.əʊ/ falsettos n
falset fistuła
(singing, uncountable) The "false" (singing) voice in any human, usually airy and lacking a purity of vowels; created by utilizing the next highest vocal folds above those used for speech and normal range singing. It is commonly confused with the head voice register.

falsifiability falsifiabilities n
falsyfikacja
The quality of being falsifiable.

falsification falsifications n
falsyfikacja fałszerstwo fałszowanie
The act of falsifying, or making false; a counterfeiting; the giving to a thing an appearance of something which it is not.

falsifier falsifiers n
fałszerka fałszerz
One that falsifies.

falsify /ˈfɒlsɪfaɪ/ v
falsyfikować fałszować podrabiać sfingować
(transitive) To alter so as to make false; to make incorrect.
fałszować sfałszować
(transitive) To counterfeit; to forge.

fame /feɪm/ fames n
sława
The state of being famous or well-known and spoken of.

familial /fəˈmɪljəl/ adj
rodzinny
Of or pertaining to any grouping of things referred to as a family.

familiar /fəˈmɪl.i.ə/ /fəˈmɪl.i.ɚ/ /fəˈmɪl.jɚ/ /fɚˈmɪl.jɚ/ more familiar most familiar adj
znany nieobcy znajomy
Known to one, or generally known; commonplace.
znajomy
Acquainted.
poufały bliski familiarny
Intimate or friendly.

familiar /fəˈmɪl.i.ə/ /fəˈmɪl.i.ɚ/ /fəˈmɪl.jɚ/ /fɚˈmɪl.jɚ/ familiars n
chowaniec
(witchcraft) An attendant spirit, often in animal or demon form.

family /ˈfæm(ə)li/ /ˈfæm(ɪ)li/ /ˈfæmɪli/ /ˈfɛm(ɘ)li/ adj
familijny rodzinny
Suitable for children and adults.

family /ˈfæm(ə)li/ /ˈfæm(ɪ)li/ /ˈfæmɪli/ /ˈfɛm(ɘ)li/ families n
rodzina
(countable) A nuclear family: a mother and father who are married and cohabiting and their child or children.
(countable, biology, taxonomy) A category in the classification of organisms, ranking below order and above genus; a taxon at that rank.
(countable, music) A group of instruments having the same basic method of tone production.
(countable, linguistics) A group of languages believed to have descended from the same ancestral language.
rodzinny
(uncountable) Members of one's family collectively.
(countable) Any group or aggregation of things classed together as kindred or related from possessing in common characteristics which distinguish them from other things of the same order.
(set theory, countable) A collection of sets, especially of subsets of a given set.
rodzina rodzinny ród
(countable) A (close-knit) group of people related by blood, friendship, marriage, law, or custom, especially if they live or work together.

family business family businesses n
przedsiębiorstwo rodzinne
A business whose owners are all members of the same family.

family friend family friends n
przyjaciel rodziny

family jewels n
klejnoty klejnoty rodowe
(idiomatic, euphemistic) Testicles.

family law n
prawo rodzinne
(law) The area of private law pertaining to family matters and domestic relations.

family man family men n
mąż i ojciec
An adult male with a spouse and children to whose well-being he is dedicated.

family member family members n
członek rodziny członkini rodziny
A person belonging to a particular family; a close relative or relation.

family planning n
planowanie rodzina
Birth control, especially when carried out by monogamous heterosexual couples.

family resemblance family resemblances n
podobieństwo rodzinne
Physical similarities shared between close relatives, especially between parents and children and between siblings.

family reunification family reunifications n
łączenie rodzin

family tree family trees n
drzewo genealogiczne
A diagrammatic representation of a pedigree, illustrating the connections between a person's ancestors, offspring and other relatives

famine /ˈfæmɪn/ famines n
głód klęska głodu
(countable) A period of extreme shortage of food in a region.

famished /ˈfæmɪʃt/ more famished most famished adj
wygłodzony zgłodniały
Extremely hungry.

famous /ˈfeɪməs/ famouser famousest more famous most famous adj
sławny słynny
Well known.

fan /fæn/ [feən] [fɛən] [fɛːn] fans n
wachlarz
A hand-held device consisting of concertinaed material, or slats of material, gathered together at one end, that may be opened out into the shape of a sector of a circle and waved back and forth in order to move air towards oneself and cool oneself.
Anything resembling a hand-held fan in shape, e.g., a peacock’s tail.
kibic fan fanka kibicka miłośniczka miłośnik
A person who is fond of something or someone, especially an admirer of a performer or aficionado of a sport.
wentylator wiatrak
An electrical or mechanical device for moving air, used for cooling people, machinery, etc.

fan /fæn/ [feən] [fɛən] [fɛːn] v
dmuchać wachlować wentylować
(transitive) To blow air on (something) by means of a fan (hand-held, mechanical or electrical) or otherwise.
rozdmuchać
(intransitive, usually to fan out) To move or spread in multiple directions from one point, in the shape of a hand-held fan.

fan club fan clubs n
fanklub
An organization of fans (enthusiasts) of a particular person or body of works.

fan page fan pages n
fan page fanpage
fansite.

fanatic /fəˈnæt.ɪk/ more fanatic most fanatic adj
fanatyczny
Fanatical.
nawiedzony opętany
(obsolete) Showing evidence of possession by a god or demon; frenzied, overzealous.

fanatic /fəˈnæt.ɪk/ fanatics n
fanatyk fanatyczka
A person who is zealously enthusiastic for some cause, especially in religion.

fanatical /fəˈnætɪkəl/ more fanatical most fanatical adj
fanatyczny
Having an extreme, irrational zeal or enthusiasm for a specific cause.

fanaticism /fəˈnæt.ɪ.sɪ.zəm/ [fəˈnæɾ.ɪ.sɪ.zm̩] fanaticisms n
fanatyzm
The characteristic or practice of being a fanatic.

fanciful /ˈfænsɪfəl/ more fanciful most fanciful adj
dziwaczny
Unreal or imagined.

fancy /ˈfæn.si/ fancier fanciest adj
bogaty ekstrawagancki nietypowy wyszukany
Of a superior grade.
ekstrawagancki fikuśny wydumany wymyślny wyszukany
(colloquial) Unnecessarily complicated.

fancy /ˈfæn.si/ fancies n
zachcianka
A whim.

fancy /ˈfæn.si/ v
chcieć
To have a fancy for; to like; to be pleased with, particularly on account of external appearance or manners.

fandom /ˈfændəm/ fandoms n
fandom
The subculture of fans.

fanfare /ˈfænfɛə/ /ˈfænfɛəɹ/ fanfares n
fanfara
(countable) A flourish of trumpets or horns as to announce; a short and lively air performed on hunting horns during the chase.

fanfuckingtastic more fanfuckingtastic most fanfuckingtastic adj
zajekurwabisty zajekurwabiście
(slang, vulgar) Fantastic; great.

fang /feɪŋ/ /fæŋ/ fangs n
kieł
A long, pointed canine tooth used for biting and tearing flesh.

fangless adj
bezkłowy

fanny pack /ˈfæni pæk/ fanny packs n
nerka piterek
(North America) A small fabric pouch secured with a zipper and worn at the waist by a strap around the hips.

fanservice n
fanserwis
(fandom slang, chiefly, ACG, often, _, derogatory) The inclusion in a work of fiction of material, especially of a racy or sexual nature, which may or may not have relevance to the storyline and is designed merely to excite the viewer.

fantasia /-ˈtɑː-/ /fænˈteɪ.zi.ə/ /fænˈteɪ.zɪ.ə/ /fænˈteɪ.ʒə/ /ˌfæn.təˈziː.ə/ fantasias n
fantazja
(music, also, figurative) A form of instrumental composition with a free structure and improvisational characteristics; specifically, one combining a number of well-known musical pieces. [from early 18th c.]

fantastic /fænˈtæstɪk/ more fantastic most fantastic adj
fantastyczny
Existing in or constructed from fantasy; of or relating to fantasy; fanciful.
fantastyczny niesamowity
Not believable; implausible; seemingly only possible in fantasy.
Wonderful; marvelous; excellent; extraordinarily good or great (used especially as an intensifier).

fantastical /fænˈtæstɪkəl/ more fantastical most fantastical adj
fantastyczny fantasy
Of or pertaining to fantasy.

fantasy /ˈfæntəsi/ /ˈfæntəzi/ fantasies n
fantazja wyobraźnia wymysł
That which comes from one's imagination.
fantasy
(literature) The literary genre generally dealing with themes of magic and the supernatural, imaginary worlds and creatures, etc.

fanzine /ˈfænˌziːn/ fanzines n
fanzin
A magazine, normally produced by amateurs, intended for people who share a common interest

far /fɑɹ/ /fɑː/ farther farthermost farthest further furthermost furthest adj
daleki
Distant; remote in space.

far /fɑɹ/ /fɑː/ farther farthest further furthest adv
daleko

far and wide adv
wzdłuż i wszerz
Over a great distance or large area; nearly everywhere.

far away farther away farthest away adv
hen

far be it v
daleko od

far from adv
bynajmniej
In no way, Not at all.

far left n
skrajna lewica
The most radical part of the political left wing.

far post far posts n
słupek daleki
(soccer, idiomatic) The goalpost furthest from where a cross is made.

far right /ˌfɑɹ ˈɹaɪt/ /ˌfɑː ˈɹʌɪt/ n
skrajna prawica
(politics) The most right-wing or conservative part of a political faction or grouping.

far-fetched farther-fetched farthest-fetched further-fetched furthest-fetched more far-fetched most far-fetched adj
naciągany
Implausible; not likely; difficult to believe.

farad /ˈfæɹæd/ /ˈfæɹəd/ farads n
farad
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of electrical capacitance; the capacitance of a capacitor in which one coulomb of charge causes a potential difference of one volt across the capacitor. Symbol: F

farce /fɑɹs/ /fɑːs/ farces n
farsa
(countable) A motion picture or play featuring this style of humor.
(uncountable) A situation abounding with ludicrous incidents.
(uncountable) A ridiculous or empty show.

farcical /ˈfɑː(ɹ)sɪkəl/ more farcical most farcical adj
farsowy
Resembling a farce; ludicrous; absurd.

fare /fɛə(ɹ)/ /fɛɚ/ /fɛɹ/ fares n
pasażer
(countable) A paying passenger, especially in a taxi.

fare /fɛə(ɹ)/ /fɛɚ/ /fɛɹ/ v
jechać
(intransitive, archaic) To go, travel.
miewać się mieć się
(intransitive) To get along, succeed (well or badly); to be in any state, or pass through any experience, good or bad; to be attended with any circumstances or train of events.

fare dodger fare dodgers n
gapowicz gapowiczka
A person who deliberately avoids payment for public transport.

fare-dodging n
jazda na gapę

farewell /fæɹˈwɛl/ /fɑːɹˈwɛl/ /fɛəˈwɛl/ /fɛɚˈwɛl/ adj
pożegnalny
Parting, valedictory, final.

farewell /fæɹˈwɛl/ /fɑːɹˈwɛl/ /fɛəˈwɛl/ /fɛɚˈwɛl/ farewells n
pożegnanie
A wish of happiness or safety at parting, especially a permanent departure.
A departure; the act of leaving.

farewell /fæɹˈwɛl/ /fɑːɹˈwɛl/ /fɛəˈwɛl/ /fɛɚˈwɛl/ v
pożegnać się żegnać się
To bid farewell or say goodbye.

farfalle /fɑɹˈfɑleɪ/ /fɑːˈfæleɪ/ n
farfalle
pasta in the shape of butterflies or bow ties

farfel n
farfelki

farina /fəˈɹaɪnə/ /fəˈɹiːnə/ farinas n
grysik kasza manna manna
A fine flour or meal made from cereal grains or from the starch or fecula of vegetables, extracted by various processes, and used in cookery.

farm /fɑːm/ /fɑːɹm/ farms n
gospodarstwo farma
A place where agricultural and similar activities take place, especially the growing of crops or the raising of livestock.

farmer /ˈfɑɹ.mɚ/ /ˈfɑː.mə(ɹ)/ farmers n
rolnik farmer rolniczka farmerka włościanin włościanka
A person who works the land and/or who keeps livestock; anyone engaged in agriculture on a farm#Noun.

farmhand farmhands n
parobek
Synonym of farmworker

farmless adj
bezrolny

farmlessness n
bezrolność

farmstead farmsteads n
sadyba
The main building of a farm.
A farm, including its buildings.

farmyard farmyards n
obejście podwórko podwórze wiejskie podwórze

farrier /ˈfæɹi.ə/ /ˈfæɹi.ɚ/ /ˈfɛɹi.ɚ/ farriers n
podkuwacz
A person who maintains the health and balance of horses' feet through the trimming of the hoof and fitting of horseshoes.

farrow /ˈfæɹoʊ/ /ˈfæɹəʊ/ /ˈfɛɹoʊ/ farrows n
miot prosiąt
A litter of piglets.

farrow /ˈfæɹoʊ/ /ˈfæɹəʊ/ /ˈfɛɹoʊ/ v
prosić się
To give birth to a (litter of piglets).

farsightedness n
nadwzroczność
(pathology) The condition of being unable to focus on near objects; presbyopia.
dalekowzroczność
The quality of being considerate about what might happen in the future.

fart /fɑɹt/ /fɑːt/ farts n
pierdnięcie bąk pierd cichacz
(informal, impolite) An emission of digestive gases from the anus; a flatus. [from 15th c.]

fart /fɑɹt/ /fɑːt/ v
pierdzieć puszczać bąka nasmrodzić pierdnąć psuć powietrze puścić bąka
(informal, impolite, intransitive) To emit digestive gases from the anus; to flatulate.

fart about v
zbijać bąki

fartee fartees n
pierdnąć na kimś pierdzieć na kimś
One who has been farted at or on.

fasciated antshrike fasciated antshrikes n
zebrzak
A passerine bird of the antbird family, in species Cymbilaimus lineatus (formerly Lanius lineatus).

fascinate /ˈfæsɪneɪt/ v
fascynować zafascynować
To evoke an intense interest or attraction in someone.

fascinating /ˈfæsɪˌneɪtɪŋ/ more fascinating most fascinating adj
arcyciekawy przeciekawy
Having interesting qualities; captivating; attractive.

fascinatingly more fascinatingly most fascinatingly adv
arcyciekawie przeciekawie
In a fascinating manner

fascination /fæsɪˈneɪʃən/ fascinations n
fascynacja
The state or condition of being fascinated.

fascine /fæ-/ /fəˈsin/ /fəˈsiːn/ /fɛˈsiːn/ fascines n
faszyna
(specifically, military, _, fortification) A similar bundle of sticks of wood or plastic pipes used for filling in ditches for armoured fighting vehicles to drive over, and for making parapets, raising batteries, and strengthening ramparts.

fascism /ˈfæʃɪz(ə)m/ fascisms n
faszyzm
Any right-wing, authoritarian, nationalist ideology characterized by centralized, totalitarian governance, strong regimentation of the economy and society, and repression of criticism or opposition. [1922]

fascist /ˈfæʃɪst/ more fascist most fascist adj
faszystowski
Of or relating to fascism.
Supporting the principles of fascism.

fascist /ˈfæʃɪst/ fascists n
faszysta faszystka
A proponent of fascism.

fashion /ˈfæʃən/ fashions n
moda
(countable) A current (constantly changing) trend, favored for frivolous rather than practical, logical, or intellectual reasons.
(uncountable) Popular trends.
sposób styl
(countable) A style or manner in which something is done.

fashion show fashion shows n
rewia
An event at which fashionable clothes are modelled for an audience.

fashionable /ˈfæʃənəbl̩/ more fashionable most fashionable adj
modny gustowny na topie szykowny
Characteristic of or influenced by a current popular trend or style.

fashionably late more fashionably late most fashionably late adv
modnie spóźniony

fast /fæst/ /fɑːst/ faster fastest adj
szybki prędki bystry błyskawiczny chyży
Moving with great speed, or capable of doing so; swift, rapid. [from 14th c.]

fast /fæst/ /fɑːst/ faster fastest adv
szybko prędko bystro
Quickly, with great speed; within a short time [from 13th c.].

fast /fæst/ /fɑːst/ v
pościć
(transitive) (academic) To cause a person or animal to abstain, especially from eating.

fast food /ˈfæst ˈfuːd/ /ˈfɑːst ˈfuːd/ fast foods n
fast food
Food that is served quickly, often standardized and pre-prepared.

fast-moving more fast-moving most fast-moving adj
szybkozbywalny
That is sold quickly.

fasten /ˈfæsn̩/ /ˈfæsən/ /ˈfɑːsn̩/ /ˈfɑːsən/ v
zapinać zapiąć
(ambitransitive) To attach or connect in a secure manner.

faster-than-light adj
nadświetlny ponadświetlny
(physics) Faster than the speed of light in a vacuum, the theoretical speed limit for travel within the universe.

fastgrowing adj
szybko rosnący

fastidious /fæˈstɪdi.əs/ /fəˈstɪdi.əs/ more fastidious most fastidious adj
drobiazgowy skrupulatny
Excessively particular, demanding, or fussy about details, especially about tidiness and cleanliness.
wybredny
Difficult to please; quick to find fault.

fasting /ˈfæstɪŋ/ /ˈfɑːstɪŋ/ fastings n
post
Abstinence or mortification for religious reasons, especially abstinence from food.
post poszczenie
Abstinence from food, limiting caloric intake, for medical or health reasons, dieting.

fat /fæt/ fatter fattest adj
gruby tłusty
Carrying more fat than usual on one's body; plump; not lean or thin.
gruby
Thick; large.

fat /fæt/ fats n
tłuszcz
(uncountable) A specialized animal tissue with high lipid content, used for long-term storage of energy: fat tissue.
(countable) A lipid that is solid at room temperature, which fat tissue contains and which is also found in the blood circulation; sometimes, a refined substance chemically resembling such naturally occurring lipids.

fat as a house adj
gruby jak beczka

fat client fat clients n
gruby klient

fat lot of good n
na nic

fat-free adj
beztłuszczowy bez tłuszczu
Not containing fat.

fat-soluble more fat-soluble most fat-soluble adj
rozpuszczalny w tłuszczach
Soluble in lipids, and in organic solvents.

fatal /ˈfeɪ.təl/ [ˈfeɪ.ɾɫ̩] adj
fatalny
Proceeding from, or appointed by, fate or destiny.

fatalism fatalisms n
fatalizm
(metaphysics, philosophy) The doctrine that all events are subject to fate or inevitable necessity, or determined in advance in such a way that human beings cannot alter them.

fatassed more fatassed most fatassed adj
tłustodupy
(slang, vulgar) fat, obese, having a fat rear

fatback fatbacks n
słonina
(US) A layer of fat, along the back of a pig, used as a cut of meat or to make lard

fate /feɪt/ fates n
los przeznaczenie dola
The presumed cause, force, principle, or divine will that predetermines events.
los przeznaczenie
Destiny; often with a connotation of death, ruin, misfortune, etc.
(mythology) (one of the goddesses said to control the destiny of human beings).

father /ˈfeɪðəɹ/ /ˈfæðə/ /ˈfæðəɹ/ /ˈfɐːðə/ /ˈfɑðɚ/ /ˈfɑːd̪ə(r)/ /ˈfɑːðə(ɹ)/ /ˈfɒːðɚ/ fathers n
ojciec tata
A male ancestor more remote than a parent; a progenitor; especially, a first ancestor.
ojciec
A term of respectful address for a priest.

father confessor father confessors n
powiernik
(by extension) A person who listens to others and gives them advice on private matters; a spiritual guide.

father figure father figures n
autorytet
One who represents, behaves as, or is regarded as equivalent to a father for another person or group of people.

father of the nation fathers of the nation n
ojciec narodu ojciec ojczyzny

father superior father superiors fathers superior n
superior
a friar or monk in charge of a monastery, priory or convent; an abbot or a prior

father-in-law /ˈfɑːðəɹɪnˌlɔː/ father-in-laws fathers-in-law n
teść świekier
One's spouse's father.

fatherhood /ˈfɑ.ðɚˌhʊd/ /ˈfɑːðəˌhʊd/ fatherhoods n
ojcostwo
The state of being a father.

fatherland fatherlands n
ojczyzna macierz
The country of one's ancestors.

fatherly /ˈfɑðɚli/ /ˈfɑːðəli/ more fatherly most fatherly adj
ojcowski
Characteristic of what is considered the ideal behaviour pertaining to fatherhood.

fathom /ˈfað(ə)m/ /ˈfædəm/ /ˈfæðəm/ fathoms n
sążeń
(chiefly, nautical, historical, US) A man's armspan, generally reckoned to be six feet (about 1.8 metres). Later used to measure the depth of water, but now generally replaced by the metre outside American usage.

fatigue /fəˈtiːɡ/ fatigues n
zmęczenie
A weariness caused by exertion; exhaustion.
(engineering) Weakening and eventual failure of material, typically by cracking leading to complete separation, caused by repeated application of mechanical stress to the material.

fatigues /fəˈtiːɡz/ n
bojówki
(US) Military clothing worn when doing menial tasks.

fatless /ˈfætləs/ adj
beztłuszczowy
Without fat, especially in the senses: made without fat, fat-free.

fatphobia n
fatfobia
Fear and/or dislike of obese people and/or obesity.
Fear or obsessive avoidance of consuming fat.

fatso /ˈfæ.t͡soʊ/ /ˈfæt.soʊ/ fatsoes fatsos n
grubas spaślak tłuścioch baleron baryła
(pejorative) Someone who is overweight.

fatten /ˈfætən/ [ˈfæʔn̩] v
tuczyć utyć tyć utuczyć
(transitive) To cause (a person or animal) to be fat or fatter.
utyć tyć
(intransitive, of a person or animal) To become fat or fatter.

fattening /ˈfæt(ə)nɪŋ/ [ˈfæˀ(ə)nɪŋ] more fattening most fattening adj
tuczący
That causes weight gain; often of high calorie food with relatively little nutritive value.

fattening /ˈfæt(ə)nɪŋ/ [ˈfæˀ(ə)nɪŋ] fattenings n
tuczenie tycie
The act of making something fatter, particularly in reference or allusion to livestock.
tycie
The act of becoming fatter.

fatty /ˈfæt.i/ /ˈfæɾ.i/ fattier fattiest adj
tłusty
Containing, composed of, or consisting of fat.

fatty /ˈfæt.i/ /ˈfæɾ.i/ fatties n
baleron baryła baryłka beka
(pejorative, slang) An obese person.

fatty acid fatty acids n
kwas tłuszczowy kwasy tłuszczowe
(organic chemistry, biochemistry) Any of a class of aliphatic carboxylic acids, of general formula CnH2n+1COOH, that occur combined with glycerol as animal or vegetable oils and fats. Only those with an even number of carbon atoms are normally found in natural fats.

fatuous /ˈfæt.ju.əs/ /ˈfæt͡ʃ.u.əs/ more fatuous most fatuous adj
głupi niedorzeczny
Obnoxiously stupid; vacantly silly; content in one's foolishness.

fatwa /ˈfæ.twɑː/ /ˈfæt.wɑ/ /ˈfɑt.wɑ/ fatawa fatwas n
fatwa
(Islam) A legal opinion, decree or ruling issued by a mufti or other Islamic lawyer.

faubourg /ˈfəʊbʊəɡ/ faubourgs n
przedmieście
An outlying part of a city or town, beyond the walls; a suburb, especially of Paris.

fault /fɑlt/ /fɒlt/ /fɔlt/ /fɔːlt/ [fɒːlt] faults n
wada defekt
A defect; something that detracts from perfection.
błąd pomyłka
A mistake or error.
wina
Blame; the responsibility for a mistake.
uskok
(seismology) A fracture in a rock formation causing a discontinuity.

faultless more faultless most faultless adj
bezbłędny bezusterkowy nieskazitelny
Without fault; free from defect or error.

faultlessly more faultlessly most faultlessly adv
bezbłędnie
In a faultless manner

faultlessness n
bezbłędność
The quality of being faultless; the absence of faults.

faun /fɔːn/ fauns n
faun
(Roman mythology) A woodland creature with pointed ears, legs, and short horns of a goat and a fondness for unrestrained revelry.

faux pas /fəʊ pɑː/ /fəʊ pɑːz/ faux pas n
faux pas

favor /ˈfeɪvə/ /ˈfeɪvɚ/ favors n
przysługa
A kind or helpful deed; an instance of voluntarily assisting (someone).

favor /ˈfeɪvə/ /ˈfeɪvɚ/ v
faworyzować
To look upon fondly; to prefer.

favourable /ˈfeɪv(ə)ɹəbəl/ more favourable most favourable adj
sprzyjający
Useful or helpful.
dogodny
Convenient or at a suitable time; opportune.
szczęśliwy
Auspicious or lucky.

favourite /ˈfeɪv.ɹɪt/ adj
ulubiony
Preferred or liked above all others (unless qualified).

favourite /ˈfeɪv.ɹɪt/ favourites n
beniaminek pupil ulubienica ulubieniec
A person or thing who enjoys special regard or favour.
faworyt
A contestant or competitor thought most likely to win.

favouritism favouritisms n
faworyzowanie
(British spelling) The unfair favouring of one person or group at the expense of another.

fawn /fɔːn/ adj
płowy
Of the fawn colour.

fawn /fɔːn/ fawns n
jelonek
A young deer.
płowy
A pale brown colour tinted with yellow, like that of a fawn.
młode
(obsolete) The young of an animal; a whelp.

fawn /fɔːn/ v
łasić się
(intransitive) To exhibit affection or attempt to please.
(intransitive, of a dog) To show devotion or submissiveness by wagging its tail, nuzzling, licking, etc.
schlebiać kadzić nadskakiwać podlizywać się mizdrzyć się płaszczyć się
(intransitive) To seek favour by flattery and obsequious behaviour (with on or upon).

fax /fæks/ faxes faxxes n
faks fax telefaks telefax
A document sent, or received and printed by a fax machine.

fax /fæks/ v
faksować przefaksować
To send a document via a fax machine.

fax machine fax machines n
faks
A device which scans, transmits, receives and prints documents (faxes) transmitted by telephone.

faze /feɪz/ /fæɪz/ v
zbić z tropu
(transitive, informal) To frighten or cause hesitation; to daunt, put off (usually used in the negative); to disconcert, to perturb. [from mid 19th c.]

fealty /ˈfiː.əlti/ /ˈfiːlti/ fealties n
wierność
Fidelity to one's lord or master; the feudal obligation by which the tenant or vassal was bound to be faithful to his lord.

fear /fɪə/ /fɪɚ/ /fɪɹ/ fears n
strach niepokój bojaźń
(uncountable) A strong, unpleasant emotion or feeling caused by actual or perceived danger or threat.
lęk strach
(countable) A phobia, a sense of fear induced by something or someone.

fear /fɪə/ /fɪɚ/ /fɪɹ/ v
bać lękać
(transitive) To be afraid of (something or someone); to consider or expect (something or someone) with alarm.
bać się
(intransitive, used with for) To worry about, to feel concern for, to be afraid for.

fear of missing out n
strach przed wykluczeniem
A form of social anxiety characterized by compulsive concern that one might be missing opportunities for social interaction, novel experiences, profitable investments, or other favorable things.

fearful /ˈfɜː(ɹ)fəl/ /ˈfɜː(ɹ)fʊl/ /ˈfɪə(ɹ)fəl/ /ˈfɪə(ɹ)fʊl/ /ˈfɪɹfəl/ /ˈfɪɹfʊl/ fearfuler fearfulest fearfuller fearfullest more fearful most fearful adj
strachliwy
Tending to fear; timid.

fearless /ˈfɪələs/ /ˈfɪɹləs/ more fearless most fearless adj
nieustraszony
Without fear.

fearlessness /ˈfɪəlɪsnɪs/ fearlessnesses n
nieustraszoność
The quality of being fearless.

fearmonger /ˈfɪə(ɹ)ˌmʌŋɡə(ɹ)/ v
siać strach

fearmongering fearmongerings n
sianie strachu
The act of spreading needless fear; exaggerating purported threats in order to incite fear.

fearsome more fearsome most fearsome adj
straszny
frightening, especially in appearance.

feasibility feasibilities n
wykonalność
The state of being feasible or possible.

feasible /ˈfi.zə.bəl/ /ˈfiː.zə.bəl/ [ˈfi.zə.bɫ̩] [ˈfiː.zə.bɫ̩] [ˈfɪi.zə.bɫ̩] more feasible most feasible adj
osiągalny możliwy wykonalny
Able to be done in practice.

feast /fiːst/ feasts n
biesiada uczta
A very large meal, often of a ceremonial nature.

feast for the eyes feasts for the eyes n
uczta dla oczu
Visually pleasing sight; something that is easy on the eye.

feaster feasters n
biesiadniczka biesiadnik

feat /fiːt/ feats n
osiągnięcie wyczyn
A relatively rare or difficult accomplishment.

feather /ˈfɛð.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈfɛð.ɚ/ feathers n
pióro
A branching, hair-like structure that grows on the bodies of birds, used for flight, swimming, protection and display.

feathered adj
opierzony pierzasty upierzony
(poetic) Covered or adorned with something, as if with feathers.

feathergrass feathergrasses n
ostnica
Any of various perennial hermaphroditic grasses of the genus Stipa.

featherless /ˈfɛðələs/ /ˈfɛðəɹləs/ adj
bezpióry nieopierzony
Having no feathers.

featherweight featherweights n
waga piórkowa
A sportsman who fights in this division.

feathery /ˈfɛ.ðəɹ.i/ featherier featheriest more feathery most feathery adj
pierzasty
Resembling feathers.
Covered with feathers.

feature /ˈfi.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈfiː.t͡ʃə(ɹ)/ features n
cecha właściwość
An important or main item.
funkcja możliwość
(computing) A beneficial capability of a piece of software.

feature film feature films n
film pełnometrażowy
(by extension) Any film produced to be shown in cinemas before being released for home viewing.

feature-length adj
długometrażowy

featurette featurettes n
film średniometrażowy
(film) A relatively short feature film.

fecal /ˈfiːkəl/ adj
fekalny kałowy
Of or relating to feces.

fecal matter n
fekalia
Feces.

feces /ˈfiːsiːz/ n
kał odchody

fed up more fed up most fed up adj
mieć dość przejadać się przejeść się
(idiomatic) Frustrated, annoyed, tired, to the limit of one's endurance.

federal /ˈfɛdəɹəl/ /ˈfɛdɹəl/ adj
związkowy federalny
Pertaining to a league or treaty; derived from an agreement or covenant between parties, especially between nations.
federalny
Pertaining to the national government level in a federal nation, as opposed to state, provincial, county, city, or town.

federal government federal governments n
rząd federalny
Any of several forms of government of federations.

federal state federal states n
państwo federalne
A sovereign state that is a federation.
kraj związkowy
A non-sovereign state that is part of a federation, especially part of Germany or Austria.

federalization federalizations n
federalizacja
The unification of states to form a federal union.

federation /ˌfɛdəˈɹeɪʃn̩/ federations n
federacja
Array of nations or states that are unified under one central authority which is elected by its members.

fedora /fəˈdɔɹə/ /fɪˈdɔːɹə/ fedoras n
borsalino fedora
A felt hat with a fairly low, creased crown with a brim that can be turned up or down.

fee /fiː/ fees n
opłata honorarium
An additional monetary payment charged for a service or good, especially one that is minor compared to the underlying cost.

fee tail fees tail n
ordynacja
(legal) An estate in land in common law in which the land is inherited, but cannot be sold, devised by will, or otherwise alienated by the owner, but which passes by operation of law to the owner's heirs upon his death.

feed /ˈfiːd/ feeds n
pasza
(uncountable) Food given to (especially herbivorous) non-human animals.
aktualności kanał
(Internet) Encapsulated online content, such as news or a blog, that can be subscribed to.

feed /ˈfiːd/ v
karmić żywić nakarmić
(transitive) To give (someone or something) food to eat.
(transitive) To give to a machine to be processed.

feed pump feed pumps n
dzwonić po straż pożarną!
A force pump for supplying a steam engine's boiler with water.

feedback /ˈfiːdˌbæk/ feedbacks n
feedback informacja zwrotna opinia zwrotna uwaga
Critical assessment of a process or activity or of their results.
sprzężenie zwrotne
(electronics, cybernetics, control theory, ) The part of an output signal that is looped back into the input to control or modify a system.

feeding tube feeding tubes n
sonda

feedstock feedstocks n
surowiec
Any bulk raw material constituting the principal input for an industrial process.

feel /fiːl/ [fiːɫ] v
czuć odczuć poczuć
(intransitive) To search by sense of touch.
(transitive, copulative) To become aware of through the skin; to use the sense of touch on.
czuć czuć się
(intransitive, copulative) To experience an emotion or other mental state.
czuć czuć się poczuć
(transitive) To experience an emotion or other mental state about.
mieć uczucie uważać
(transitive) To think, believe, or have an impression concerning.

feel up v
macać obmacać obmacywać pomacać
(idiomatic, transitive) To grope someone, especially someone's breasts, in a sexual manner.

feeler /ˈfiːlə/ /ˈfiːləɹ/ feelers n
czułek
(anatomy) An antenna or appendage used for feeling, especially on an insect.

feeler gauge feeler gauges n
szczelinomierz
A set of thin metal strips, of known thickness, used to measure a narrow gap

feeling /ˈfilɪŋ/ /ˈfiːlɪŋ/ feelings n
uczucie
Sensation, particularly through the skin.
Emotion; impression.
uczucia uczucie
(always, _, in the plural) Emotional state or well-being.

feelingless adj
bezuczuciowy

feelinglessness n
bezuczuciowość

feet of clay n
na glinianych nogach
(idiomatic) In someone apparently strong and without failings, a hidden weakness which could lead to downfall.

feet on the ground n
stąpać twardo po ziemi
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see feet,‎ on,‎ ground.

feign /feɪn/ v
udawać pozorować grać kreować się odgrywać rolę pozować
To make a false show or pretence of; to counterfeit or simulate.

feldscher feldschers n
felczer felczerka
(historical) In Russia, one with practical but not formal medical training.

feldspar feldspars n
skaleń
(mineral) Any of a large group of rock-forming minerals that, together, make up about 60% of the earth's outer crust. The feldspars are all aluminum silicates of the alkali metals sodium, potassium, calcium and barium. Feldspars are the principal constituents of igneous and plutonic rocks.

feline /ˈfiːlaɪn/ more feline most feline adj
koci
Of or pertaining to cats.

fell /fɛl/ v
zabić
(transitive) To strike down, kill, destroy.

fellah /ˈfɛlə/ fellaheen fellahin fellahs n
fellach
A peasant, farmer or agricultural laborer in the Middle East and North Africa.

fellate /fəˈleɪt/ /ˈfɛleɪt/ v
chapać dzidę ciągnąć druta dmuchać w puzon obciągać obrabiać ojebać
(transitive, by extension) To suck (something) in a manner suggestive of fellatio.
(transitive, figuratively) To suck up to, to flatter or be shamefully subservient to.

fellatio /fəˈleɪ.ʃi.oʊ/ /fəˈleɪ.ʃi.əʊ/ fellatios n
fellatio
The stimulation of the penis using the mouth.

fellator fellators n
osoba która ssie seksualnie
One who performs fellatio.

fellatrix /fəˈleɪtɹɪks/ fellatrices fellatrixes n
kobieta która ssie seksualnie
A woman who performs fellatio.

felloe /ˈfɛloʊ/ /ˈfɛləʊ/ felloes n
dzwono
The rim#Noun of a wooden wheel#Noun, supported by the spokes.

fellow /ˈfɛloʊ/ /ˈfɛlə/ /ˈfɛləʊ/ fellows n
kamrat
(chiefly, in the plural, also, figuratively) A companion; a comrade.
gość
(informal) A male person; a bloke, a chap, a guy, a man; also, preceded by a modifying word, sometimes with a sense of mild reproach: used as a familiar term of address to a man.

fellow citizen n
współobywatel współobywatelka
A citizen of one's country or city.

fellow man fellow men n
bliźni
A kindred member of humanity.

fellow traveller fellow travellers n
współpasażer współpasażerka
One who travels together with another.
sympatyczka sympatyk
(US) One who sympathizes with the aims or beliefs of an organization without belonging to it; especially a Communist sympathizer. [mid-20th c.]

fellowship /ˈfɛloʊʃɪp/ /ˈfɛləʃɪp/ /ˈfɛləʊʃɪp/ fellowships n
asysta asystencja
A company of people that share the same interest or aim.

felon /ˈfɛlən/ felons n
zbrodniarka zbrodniarz
(criminal law) A person who has committed a felony; specifically, one who has been tried and convicted of such a crime.

felony /ˈfɛ.lə.ni/ felonies n
zbrodnia ciężkie przestępstwo
(US, historical, _, in, _, UK, legal) A serious criminal offense, which, under United States federal law, is punishable by imprisonment for a term exceeding one year or by death.

felt /fɛlt/ felts n
filc
A cloth or stuff made of matted fibres of wool, or wool and fur, fulled or wrought into a compact substance by rolling and pressure, with lees or size, without spinning or weaving.

felt-tip pen felt-tip pens n
flamaster mazak pisak
(UK) A pen that holds quick-drying ink conveyed to a writing surface by means of a felt nib.

felwort felworts n
niebielistka trwała
A European herb, Swertia perennis (star swertia), of the gentian family.

female /ˈfiː.meɪl/ femaler femalest more female most female adj
żeński
Belonging to the sex which typically produces eggs (ova), or to the gender which is typically associated with it. [from 14th c.]
(figuratively) Having an internal socket, as in a connector or pipe fitting. [from 16th c.]

female /ˈfiː.meɪl/ females n
samica kobieta
One of the female (feminine) sex or gender.

female circumcision female circumcisions n
klitoridektomia obrzezanie kobiet
(sometimes, proscribed, possibly, _, dated) Any operation involving removal of any of various parts of the female external genital organs including and in addition to the hood, such as the clitoris or labia; regarded as mutilation in many societies. [from 17th c.]

female condom female condoms n
femidom
A device that is inserted into the vagina during sexual intercourse as a barrier contraceptive to reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancy.

female ejaculation female ejaculations n
ejakulacja u kobiet
The forceful expulsion of fluids from the vagina during the female orgasm, possibly originating from the Skene's gland (paraurethral gland) and/or urethra.

female genital mutilation female genital mutilations n
wyrzezanie
Any mutilation of the female genitals done for non-medical reasons, such as the infliction of abrasion, burns (chemical or cauterizing), or cuts or slits, or amputation or piercing. [from 21st c.]

femboy /ˈfɛmbɔɪ/ femboys n
kobiecy chłopak
A male individual who adopts a feminine aesthetic.

femicide /ˈfɛmɪsaɪd/ femicides n
kobietobójstwo
The killing of a woman or girl because of her sex, especially when motivated by misogyny. [from 19th c.]

feminazi /ˌfɛmɪˈnɑːtsi/ more feminazi most feminazi adj
feminazistka feminazista
(derogatory, potentially, _, offensive) Relating to a radical or militant feminist who is intolerant of opposing views or who seeks superiority of women over men.

feminazi /ˌfɛmɪˈnɑːtsi/ feminazis n
feminazistka feminazista
(derogatory, potentially, _, offensive) A radical or militant feminist who is intolerant of opposing views or who seeks female superiority over men.

feminazism n
feminazizm
(derogatory) Aggressive militant radical feminism.

feminine /ˈfɛmənɪn/ /ˈfɛmɪnɪn/ more feminine most feminine adj
żeński
Of or pertaining to the female sex; biologically female, not male.
(grammar) Of, pertaining or belonging to the female grammatical gender, in languages that have gender distinctions.
kobiecy
Having the qualities stereotypically associated with women: nurturing, not aggressive.

feminine /ˈfɛmənɪn/ /ˈfɛmɪnɪn/ feminines n
rodzaj żeński
(grammar) The feminine gender.

femininely more femininely most femininely adv
kobieco po kobiecemu
In a feminine manner.

femininity /fɛmɪˈnɪnɪti/ femininities n
kobiecość żeńskość
The sum of all attributes that are feminine or convey womanhood.

feminism /ˈfɛmɪnɪz(ə)m/ feminisms n
feminizm
A social theory or political movement which argues that legal and social restrictions on women must be removed in order to bring about equality of the sexes in all aspects of public and private life.

feminist /ˈfɛmənɪst/ more feminist most feminist adj
feministyczny
relating to or in accordance with feminism.

feminist /ˈfɛmənɪst/ feminists n
feministka feminista
an advocate of feminism; a person who believes in bringing about the equality of the sexes (of women and men) in all aspects of public and private life
feminista feministka
a member of a feminist political movement

feministically more feministically most feministically adv
feministycznie
In a feministic way.

feminization /ˌfɛmɪnɪˈzeɪʃən/ feminizations n
feminizacja ukobiecenie
The act of feminizing, or the state of being feminized.

feminize /ˈfɛmɪnaɪz/ v
feminizować sfeminizować ukobiecać ukobiecić
(transitive) To make (more) feminine.
sfeminizować ukobiecić
(intransitive) To become (more) feminine.

femme fatale /fɛm fəˈtæl/ /fɛm fəˈtɑːl/ femme fatales femmes fatales n
femme fatale kobieta fatalna
An attractive and seductive but ultimately dangerous woman.

femoral artery femoral arteries n
tętnica udowa

femto- prefix
femto-
In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 10−15 (short scale quadrillionth or long scale billiardth). Symbol: f.

fen /fɛn/ fen fens n
torfowisko niskie
A type of wetland fed by ground water and runoff, containing peat below the waterline, characteristically alkaline.
fen
A unit of currency in China, one-hundredth of a yuan.

fence /fɛns/ [fɛns] [fɛnts] fences n
paser
(informal) Someone who hides or buys and sells stolen goods, a criminal middleman for transactions of stolen goods.
płot ogrodzenie
(figuratively) A barrier, for example an emotional barrier.

fence /fɛns/ [fɛns] [fɛnts] v
ogradzać ogrodzić
(transitive) To enclose, contain or separate by building fence.
walczyć na szable walczyć na szpady
(intransitive, sports) To engage in the sport of fencing.

fence off v
odgradzać odgrodzić
To enclose an area within a fence.

fencer /ˈfɛnsə/ /ˈfɛnsəɹ/ [ˈfɛnsɚ] fencers n
szermierz szermierka
A participant in the sport of fencing.

fencing /ˈfɛnsɪŋ/ fencings n
szermierka
The art or sport of duelling with swords, especially with the 17th- to 18th-century European dueling swords and the practice weapons descended from them (sport fencing).

fencing wire fencing wires n
drut ogrodzenia

fend for oneself v
poradzić sobie radzić sobie
To take care of oneself without help.

fender /ˈfɛnd.ə(ɹ)/ fenders n
błotnik
(US) panel of a car which encloses the wheel area, especially the front wheels.
błotnik odbijacz
(US) a shield, usually of plastic or metal, on a bicycle that protects the rider from mud or water

fender-bender fender-benders n
stłuczka
(chiefly, US) A minor accident involving at least one motor vehicle.

fennec /ˈfɛnɪk/ fennecs n
fenek
A small fox of the species Vulpes zerda, found in the Sahara (excluding the coast) and having distinctive oversized ears.

fennel /ˈfɛnəl/ fennels n
fenkuł fenkuł włoski koper włoski
A plant, Foeniculum vulgare, of the parsley family, which has a sweet, anise-like flavor.
koper włoski
(culinary) The bulb, leaves, or stalks of the plant, eaten as a vegetable.
(culinary) The seeds of the fennel plant used as a spice in cooking.

fentanyl citrate fentanyl citrates n
cytrynian fentanyl

fenugreek /ˈfɛnjəˌɡɹiːk/ /ˈfɛnjʊˌɡɹiːk/ fenugreeks n
kozieradka
Any of the species leguminous plant, Trigonella foenum-graecum, eaten as a vegetable and with seeds used as a spice.
The seeds of this plant, used as a spice (especially in Indian and Thai cooking).

feral /ˈfɛɹəl/ /ˈfɪəɹəl/ more feral most feral adj
dziki zdziczały
(of an animal) Wild but descended from domestic or captive ancestors.

feral cat feral cats n
dachowiec zdziczały kot
(zoology) A domestic cat that has returned to or was born in a living situation without human care.

fermata /ˌfɜːɹˈmɑtə/ /ˌfɜːˈmɑːtə/ fermatas fermate n
fermata
(music, countable) The notation ⟨◌͒⟩ of such a prolongation, usually represented as a dot with a semi-circle above or below it, written above or below the prolonged note or rest.

ferment /fəˈmɛnt/ /fɚˈmɛnt/ /ˈfɚ.mɛnt/ /ˈfɜː.mɛnt/ v
fermentować kisić sfermentować skisić ukisić zakisić
To react, using fermentation; especially to produce alcohol by aging or by allowing yeast to act on sugars; to brew.

fermentation /ˌfɜː(ɹ)mənˈteɪʃən/ /ˌfɜː(ɹ)mɛnˈteɪʃən/ fermentations n
fermentacja
(biochemistry) Any of many anaerobic biochemical reactions in which an enzyme (or several enzymes produced by a microorganism) catalyses the conversion of one substance into another; especially the conversion (using yeast) of sugars to alcohol or acetic acid with the evolution of carbon dioxide

fermion /ˈfɜːmɪɒn/ fermions n
fermion
(particle physics, Standard Model) Any elementary or composite particle that has half-integer spin and thus obeys Fermi–Dirac statistics and the Pauli exclusion principle (equivalently, a particle for which the wavefunction of any system of identical such particles changes sign whenever two are swapped); a baryon, a lepton or a quark;(slightly more loosely) any such particle or any composite particle composed of fermions.

fermionic adj
fermionowy
(physics) Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of fermions.

fermium /ˈfɜːɹmiəm/ n
ferm
A transuranic chemical element (symbol Fm) with an atomic number of 100.

fern /fɘːn/ /fɜːn/ /fɝn/ [fɜːn] ferns n
paproć
Any of a group of some twenty thousand species of vascular plants classified in the division Pteridophyta that lack seeds and reproduce by shedding spores to initiate an alternation of generations.

ferocious /fəˈɹəʊʃəs/ more ferocious most ferocious adj
okrutny bestialski brutalny
Marked by extreme and violent energy.

ferociously more ferociously most ferociously adv
bestialsko brutalnie okrutnie
In a ferocious manner, particularly violent and aggressive.

ferraiolo ferraioli ferraiolos n
peleryna

ferret /ˈfɛɹɪt/ ferrets n
fretka
An often domesticated mammal (Mustela putorius furo) rather like a weasel, descended from the polecat and often trained to hunt burrowing animals.

ferrimagnetism n
ferrimagnetyzm
(physics) a form of antiferromagnetism in which some magnetization remains below a critical temperature (the Neel temperature)

ferrite /ˈfɛɹaɪt/ ferrites n
ferryt
The interstitial solid solution of carbon in body-centered cubic iron.

ferro- prefix
ferro-

ferroconcrete /ˌfɛɹoʊˈkɑnkɹit/ ferroconcretes n
żelbet
A building material made from Portland cement concrete with a matrix of steel bars or wires (rebars) to increase its tensile strength.

ferroelectric adj
ferroelektryczny
(physics) of, or relating to the permanent electrical polarization of a crystalline dielectric in an electric field

ferroelectric ferroelectrics n
ferroelektryk

ferrofluid ferrofluids n
ferrofluid
(chemistry, physics) A fluid, typically containing dispersed, nanoscale magnetic particles, designed to be magnetised such that its flow can be controlled by a magnet

ferromagnetic more ferromagnetic most ferromagnetic adj
ferromagnetyczny
(physics) Exhibiting ferromagnetism.

ferromagnetism ferromagnetisms n
ferromagnetyzm
(physics) The phenomenon whereby certain substances can become permanent magnets when subjected to a magnetic field.

ferrous /ˈfɛɹəs/ more ferrous most ferrous adj
żelazny
Of or containing iron.
żelazny żelazawy
(chemistry) Of compounds of iron in which it has a valence or oxidation number of 2.

ferruginous more ferruginous most ferruginous adj
żelazisty
Containing iron.

ferruginous hawk ferruginous hawks n
myszołów królewski
Buteo regalis, a large bird of prey. It is not a true hawk like sparrowhawks or goshawks, but rather belongs to the broad-tailed buteo hawks, known as "buzzards" in Europe

ferrule /-ɹuːl/ /ˈfɛɹ(ə)l/ /ˈfɛɹəl/ ferrules n
okucie
A band or cap (usually metal) placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting. [from early 17th c.]

ferry /ˈfeɹi/ /ˈfɛɹi/ /ˈfɛɹɪ/ ferries n
prom
A ship used to transport people, smaller vehicles and goods from one port to another, usually on a regular schedule.
A place where passengers are transported across water in such a ship.
The legal right or franchise that entitles a corporate body or an individual to operate such a service.

fertile /ˈfɜːtaɪl/ /ˈfɜːtəl/ /ˈfɝːtaɪl/ /ˈfɝːtəl/ more fertile most fertile adj
żyzny płodny
Of land, etc.: capable of growing abundant crops; productive.
bujny żyzny
(figuratively) Of one's imagination, etc.: active, productive, prolific.

fertility /fɝˈtɪləti/ fertilities n
płodność
(uncountable) The condition, or the degree, of being fertile.

fertility rate fertility rates n
dzietność
The average number of children that would be born to a woman over her lifetime if she followed the current average pattern of fertility among a given group of women and survived through her reproductive years; used as an indicator of strength of population growth.

fertilize /ˈfɜː(ɹ)tɪlaɪz/ v
nawozić użyźniać nawieźć użyźnić
To make (the soil) more fertile by adding nutrients to it.

fertilizer /ˈfɜːtəlaɪzə/ /ˈfɜːɹtəlaɪzəɹ/ fertilizers n
nawóz
A natural substance that is used to make the ground more suitable for growing plants.
(chemistry) A chemical compound created to have the same effect.

fertilizin n
fertylizyna

fescue /ˈfɛskjuː/ fescues n
kostrzewa
A hardy grass commonly used to border golf fairways in temperate climates. Any member of the genus Festuca.

fess /fɛs/ fesses n
pas
(heraldiccharge) A horizontal band across the middle of the shield.

fester /ˈfɛstə(ɹ)/ /ˈfɛstɚ/ v
zaognić się
(intransitive) To become septic; to become rotten.

festival /ˈfɛstəv(ə)l/ /ˈfɛstɪvl̩/ festivals n
festiwal święto
An event or series of special events centred on the celebration or promotion of some theme or aspect of the community, often held at regular intervals.

festive /ˈfɛstɪv/ more festive most festive adj
biesiadny
Having the atmosphere, decoration, or attitude of a festival, holiday, or celebration.

festively more festively most festively adv
biesiadnie
In a festive manner

festoon /fɛsˈtuːn/ festoons n
feston
(architectural element) A bas-relief, painting, or structural motif resembling such an ornament.

feta /ˈfɛtə/ fetas n
feta
A variety of curd cheese made from sheep’s or goat’s milk and originating from Greece.

fetch /fɑt͡ʃ/ /fɛt͡ʃ/ fetches n
aport
The object of fetching; the source of an attraction; a force, propensity, or quality which attracts.

fetch /fɑt͡ʃ/ /fɛt͡ʃ/ v
aportować zaaportować
(intransitive) To bring oneself; to make headway; to veer; as, to fetch about; to fetch to windward.

fetid /ˈfɛtɪd/ more fetid most fetid adj
cuchnący
Foul-smelling, stinking.

fetish /ˈfiː.tɪʃ/ /ˈfɛt.ɪʃ/ fetishes n
fetysz
Something which is believed to possess, contain, or cause spiritual or magical powers; an amulet or a talisman. [from the early 17th c.]
Sexual attraction to or arousal at something abnormally sexual or nonsexual, such as an object or a nonsexual part of the body. [from the early 19th c.]
An irrational or abnormal preoccupation or fixation on some object or activity; an obsession. [from the 19th c.]

fetishism fetishisms n
fetyszyzm
A form of paraphilia where the object of attraction is an inanimate object or a part of a person's body.

fetlock fetlocks n
staw pęciny
A joint of the horse's leg below the knee or hock and above the hoof.

fetoscopy fetoscopies n
fetoskopia
An endoscopic procedure during pregnancy to allow access to the fetus, the amniotic cavity, the umbilical cord, and the fetal side of the placenta.

fetter /ˈfet.ə/ /ˈfɛt.ə/ /ˈfɛt.ɚ/ fetters n
kajdany okowy pęta pęto
A chain or similar object used to bind a person or animal – often by its legs (usually in plural).

fetus /ˈfiːtəs/ feti fetii fetus fetuses n
płód
An unborn or unhatched vertebrate showing signs of the mature animal.

feud /fjuːd/ /fɪu̯d/ feuds n
waśń wróżda
A state of long-standing mutual hostility.

feudal /ˈfjudəl/ /ˈfjuːdl̩/ [ˈfju.ɾɫ̩] [ˈfjuː.dɫ̩] adj
feudalny
Of, or relating to feudalism.

feudalism /ˈfju.də.lɪ.zəm/ [ˈfju.də.lɪ.zm̩] feudalisms n
feudalizm
A social system based on personal ownership of resources and personal fealty between a suzerain (lord) and a vassal (subject). Defining characteristics are direct ownership of resources, personal loyalty, and a hierarchical social structure reinforced by religion.

feudalization feudalizations n
feudalizacja
The introduction of a feudal system.

feuilleton /fə.jə.ˈtoʊn/ /ˈfɔɪ.ɪ.tən/ /ˈfʊɪˌtɒn/ /ˌfəɪˈtɑn/ feuilletons n
felieton
A section of a European newspaper typically dedicated to arts, culture, criticism, and light literature.
An article published in such a section.

feuilletonist feuilletonists n
felietonista
A writer of feuilletons.

fever /ˈfivɚ/ /ˈfiːvə/ fevers n
gorączka temperatura podniecenie
A higher than normal body temperature of a person (or, generally, a mammal), usually caused by disease.
gorączka
(usually, in combination with one or more preceding words) Any of various diseases.
gorączka podniecenie
A state of excitement or anxiety.

fever dream fever dreams n
sen spowodowany gorączką
An intense or confusing dream, often caused by fever.

feverless adj
bezgorączkowy
Without a fever.

feverlessly adv
bezgorączkowo

few /fjuː/ /fɪu̯/ [fjʉː] [fjʉ͡u] fewer fewest least less determiner
mało niewiele kilka parę
(preceded by another determiner) An indefinite, but usually small, number of.

few and far between fewer and farther between fewer and further between fewest and farthest between fewest and furthest between adj
rzadki
(idiomatic) Rare and scarce; hard to find.

few sandwiches short of a picnic phraseologicalUnit
nie mieć wszystkich w domu
(idiomatic) Exhibiting disquiet or unsoundness of mind; not sane; mad.

fewer /ˈfjuː.ɚ/ determiner
mniej
a smaller number.

fez /fɛz/ fezes fezzes n
fez tarbusz
A felt hat in the shape of a truncated cone, having a flat top with a tassel attached.

fiancé /fiɑnˈseɪ/ /fiˈɑnseɪ/ /fiˈɑːnseɪ/ /fiˈɒnseɪ/ /fiˈɒ̃seɪ/ /ˌfiɑnˈseɪ/ fiancée fiancés n
narzeczony
A man who is engaged to be married; the man to whom one is engaged.

fiancée /fiɑnˈseɪ/ /fiˈɑnseɪ/ /fiˈɑːnseɪ/ /fiˈɒnseɪ/ /fiˈɒ̃seɪ/ /ˌfiɑnˈseɪ/ fiancé fiancées n
narzeczona
A woman who is engaged to be married; the woman to whom one is engaged.

fiasco /fiˈæs.kəʊ/ fiascoes fiascos n
fiasko klęska poruta
A ludicrous or humiliating situation. Some effort that went quite wrong.

fiat /ˈfaɪæt/ /ˈfiːæt/ /ˈfiːɑt/ /ˈfiːət/ fiats n
zarządzenie
An arbitrary or authoritative command or order to do something; an effectual decree.

fiat money fiat moneys fiat monies n
pieniądz fiducjarny
(economics) Money that is not backed by any commodity, but has value because people agree on its value, and often is established as legal tender by government fiat.

fiberless more fiberless most fiberless adj
bezwłóknisty

fibre /ˈfaɪ.bə(ɹ)/ fibres n
włókno
(countable) A single piece of a given material, elongated and roughly round in cross-section, often twisted with other fibres to form thread.

fibro n
azbestocement
(AU) Fibro-cement; a building material consisting of asbestos fibres and cement pressed into sheets.

fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva n
postępujące kostniejące zapalenie mięśni
(disease) A very rare disease of the connective tissue in which fibrous tissue (including muscle, tendon, and ligament) becomes ossified when damaged.

fibroma fibromas fibromata n
włókniak
(pathology) A benign tumour of fibrous connective tissue.

fibrous /ˈfaɪbɹəs/ more fibrous most fibrous adj
błonnikowy włóknisty żylasty
Of or pertaining to fibre.

fichu /ˈfi-/ /ˈfiː-/ /ˈfɪʃ(j)uː/ fichus n
fichu
(chiefly, historical) A woman's lightweight triangular scarf worn over the shoulders and tied in front, or tucked into a bodice to cover the exposed part of the neck and chest.

fiction /ˈfɪk.ʃən/ fictions n
fikcja beletrystyka
(literature) Literary type using invented or imaginative writing, instead of real facts, usually written as prose.

fictional /ˈfɪkʃənəl/ more fictional most fictional adj
fikcyjny zmyślony
Invented, as opposed to real.

fictitious /fɪkˈtɪʃəs/ adj
fikcyjny zmyślony
Invented; contrived.

fictive /ˈfɪktɪv/ more fictive most fictive adj
fikcyjny
Resulting from imaginative creation: fanciful or invented.

ficus /ˈfaɪkəs/ ficuses n
figa figowiec fikus
(botany) Any plant belonging to the genus Ficus, including the rubber plant.

fiddler /ˈfɪdlə(ɹ)/ /ˈfɪdələ(ɹ)/ fiddlers n
skrzypek
One who plays the fiddle.

fideicommissum fideicommissa n
fideikomis
A benefit bequeathed to a beneficiary who inherits the benefit, subject to the obligation of bequeathing it to another.

fideism /ˈfaɪ.di.ɪz.əm/ /ˈfi.deɪ.ɪz.əm/ fideisms n
fideizm
The doctrine that faith is the basis of all knowledge.

fideist fideists n
fideista
A subscriber to fideism.

fidelity /faɪˈdɛl.ɪ.ti/ /fɪˈdɛl.ɪ.ti/ fidelities n
wierność
Loyalty to one's spouse or partner, including abstention from cheating or extramarital affairs.
Accuracy, or exact correspondence to some given quality or fact.
The degree to which a system accurately reproduces an input.

fidget /ˈfɪd͡ʒ.ɪt/ fidgets n
wiercipięta
(informal) A person who fidgets, especially habitually.

fidget spinner fidget spinners n
fidget spinner
A type of stress-relieving toy that is intended to be spun around in one's hand, and that generally consists of a bearing in the center of a design made from any of a variety of materials including brass, stainless steel, titanium, copper, and plastic.

fiduciary /fə.ˈduːʃ.i.eɹ.i/ /fɪ.ˈdjuːʃ.i.əɹ.i/ adj
fiducjarny powierniczy
(legal) Relating to an entity that owes to another good faith, accountability and trust, often in the context of trusts and trustees.

field /fild/ /fiːld/ fields n
pole
A land area free of woodland, cities, and towns; an area of open country.
(geology) A region containing a particular mineral.
A place where a battle is fought; a battlefield.
(physics) A physical phenomenon (such as force, potential or fluid velocity) that pervades a region; a mathematical model of such a phenomenon that associates each point and time with a scalar, vector or tensor quantity.
(computing, object-oriented programming) An area of memory or storage reserved for a particular value, subject to virtual access controls.
(heraldry) The background of the shield.
pole pastwisko
A wide, open space that is used to grow crops or to hold farm animals, usually enclosed by a fence, hedge or other barrier.
boisko pole
A place where competitive matches are carried out with figures, or playing area in a board game or a computer game.
ciało
(algebra) A commutative ring satisfying the field axioms.
dziedzina pole
A domain of study, knowledge or practice.

field hockey n
hokej na trawie
A form of hockey played on a grassed pitch with a hard rubber ball instead of a puck.

field hospital field hospitals n
szpital polowy
A large mobile medical unit that temporarily takes care of casualties before they can be safely transported to more permanent hospital facilities.

field kitchen field kitchens n
kuchnia polowa
A mobile kitchen used to provision personnel on or near the site of a military operation.

field maple field maples n
klon polny paklon
A maple tree of the species Acer campestre.

field marshal field marshals n
feldmarszałek marszałek polny
(military ranks) In certain nations the highest military rank, ranking below only the commander in chief; now essentially disused.

field mouse field mice n
mysz polna myszarka
One of several species of mice in genus Apodemus found in Eurasia and Africa.

field of honor fields of honor n
pobojowisko

field of view fields of view n
pole widzenia
(optics) The angular extent of what can be seen, either with the eye or with an optical instrument or camera.

field of vision /ˈfild ɘv ˈvɪʒ(ə)n/ /ˈfiːld ɘv ˈvɪʒ(ə)n/ fields of vision n
pole widzenia
The area that a person, an animal, etc., can see with its eyes (or each eye individually) without turning the head.

field pea field peas n
groch błękitnopurpurowy groch zwyczajny polny peluszka
A type of domestic pea grown for use as a dry seed rather than as a vegetable, as:

field trip field trips n
zielona szkoła
A trip, usually in a group and especially by students, to a place of special interest for education, research or exploration; a trip into the field.

field vole field voles n
nornik bury
A vole of species Microtus agrestis, of cool-temperate western Eurasia.

fieldfare /ˈfiːldfɛə/ fieldfares n
kwiczoł
A large thrush, Turdus pilaris, a bird of Eurasia.

fiend /fiːnd/ /fɛnd/ fiends n
czart demon diabeł
A devil or demon; a malignant or diabolical being; an evil spirit.

fierce /fɜː(ɹ)s/ /fɪəs/ /fɪɹs/ fiercer fiercest more fierce most fierce adj
zawzięty
Exceedingly violent, severe, ferocious, cruel or savage.

fiercely /fɪəsli/ /fɪɹsli/ fiercelier fierceliest more fiercely most fiercely adv
gwałtownie ostro zawzięcie
In a fierce manner.

fiery /ˈfaɪəɹi/ /ˈfaɪɹi/ fierier fieriest more fiery most fiery adj
ogniowy ognisty
Of or relating to fire.
ognisty
Having the colour of fire.

fifteen /fɪfˈtiːn/ /ˈfɪf.tiːn/ numeral
piętnaście piętnaścioro
The cardinal number occurring after fourteen (14) and before sixteen (16).

fifteenth /ˌfɪfˈtiːnθ/ adj
piętnasty
The ordinal form of the number fifteen.

fifth /fɪft/ /fɪfθ/ /fɪθ/ adj
piąty
The ordinal form of the number five.

fifth column fifth columns n
piąta kolumna
A group of people which clandestinely undermines a larger group, such as a nation, to which it is expected to be loyal.

fifth wheel /-ˈwil/ /-ˈwiːl/ /ˌfɪfθ ˈʍil/ /ˌfɪfθ ˈʍiːl/ fifth wheels n
piąte koło u wozu
(idiomatic, informal) Anything superfluous or unnecessary.

fifthly adv
po piąte
In the fifth place; fifth in a row.

fifties /ˈfɪftiz/ n
lata 50. lata pięćdziesiąte
The decade of the 1850s, 1950s, etc.

fiftieth /ˈfɪf.ti.əθ/ adj
pięćdziesiąty
The ordinal form of the number fifty.

fifty /ˈfɪfti/ numeral
pięćdziesiąt
The cardinal number occurring after forty-nine and before fifty-one.

fifty-eight numeral
pięćdziesiąt osiem
The cardinal number immediately following fifty-seven and preceding fifty-nine.

fifty-fifty adv
fifty-fifty po połowie pół na pół
In half: in two equal parts, shares, etc.

fifty-five numeral
pięćdziesiąt pięć
The cardinal number immediately following fifty-four and preceding fifty-six.

fifty-four numeral
pięćdziesiąt cztery
The cardinal number immediately following fifty-three and preceding fifty-five.

fifty-nine numeral
pięćdziesiąt dziewięć
The cardinal number immediately following fifty-eight and preceding sixty.

fifty-one /ˌfɪfti wʌn/ numeral
pięćdziesiąt jeden
The cardinal number immediately following fifty and preceding fifty-two.

fifty-seven /ˌfɪftiˈsɛvn̩/ /ˌfɪftiˈsɛvən/ numeral
pięćdziesiąt siedem
The cardinal number immediately following fifty-six and preceding fifty-eight.

fifty-six numeral
pięćdziesiąt sześć
The cardinal number immediately following fifty-five and preceding fifty-seven.

fifty-three numeral
pięćdziesiąt trzy
The cardinal number immediately following fifty-two and preceding fifty-four.

fifty-two numeral
pięćdziesiąt dwa
The cardinal number immediately following fifty-one and preceding fifty-three.

fiftysomething fiftysomethings n
pięćdziesięciolatek pięćdziesięciolatka

fig /fɪɡ/ figs n
figa
The fruit of the fig tree, pear-shaped and containing many small seeds. [from 12th c.]
figa figowiec fikus
A fruit-bearing tree or shrub of the genus Ficus that is native mainly to the tropics. [from 14th c.]

fig leaf fig leaves n
listek figowy
A representation of leaf of a fig plant used to cover the genitals of a nude figure in a work of art (alluding to Genesis iii 7, in which Adam and Eve use fig leaves to hide their nakedness).
(figuratively) Anything used to conceal something undesirable or that one does not want to be discovered.

fight /faɪt/ [fʌɪt] fights n
bitwa bój bójka
An occasion of fighting.
bitwa bój batalia
(archaic) A battle between opposing armies.
bitwa starcie
A physical confrontation or combat between two or more people or groups.
walka
(sports) A boxing or martial arts match.
bitwa walka
A conflict, possibly nonphysical, with opposing ideas or forces; strife.
bojowość
(uncountable) The will or ability to fight.

fight /faɪt/ [fʌɪt] v
walczyć
(transitive) To engage in combat with; to oppose physically, to contest with.
(transitive) To try to overpower; to fiercely counteract.
walczyć bić
(intransitive) To contend in physical conflict, either singly or in war, battle etc.

fight back /faɪt bæk/ [fʌɪt bæk] v
kontratakować
(intransitive) to counterattack; to resist an attack.

fight for one's life v
walczyć ze śmiercią
(idiomatic) To be in danger of dying (as a result of injury, illness etc.).

fight to the death fights to the death n
walka na śmierć
A fight in which there is only one winner, the survivor.

fighter /ˈfaɪ.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈfaɪtɚ/ [ˈfaɪ̯ɾɚ] fighters n
bojownik wojownik
A person who fights; a combatant.
żołnierz
A warrior; a fighting soldier.
wojownicza osoba
A pugnacious, competitive person.
myśliwiec
A class of fixed-wing aircraft whose primary purpose is to shoot down other aircraft, sometimes accompanied by a secondary purpose of attacking ground targets.

fighter plane fighter planes n
myśliwiec samolot myśliwski
(aircraft, military) A military aircraft primarily designed to attack enemy aircraft. Frequently shortened to fighter.

fighting /ˈfaɪtɪŋ/ adj
bijący się walczący wojujący
Engaged in war or other conflict.
Apt to provoke a fight.

fighting game fighting games n
bijatyka
(video game genre) A video game of a type based around interpersonal combat, often in a tournament setting, in which characters fight until their HP is depleted or the round timer expires.

figment of one's imagination figments of one's imagination n
fantazja imaginacja
A product of the imagination.

figura etymologica figurae etymologicae n
figura etymologica
A multiword figure of speech in which two or more different words are etymologically related.

figurative /ˈfɪɡəɹətɪv/ more figurative most figurative adj
przenośny
Of use as a metaphor, simile, metonym or other figure of speech, as opposed to literal; using figures; as when saying that someone who eats more than they should is a pig or like a pig.
Metaphorically so called.

figuratively more figuratively most figuratively adv
przenośnie w przenośni
(manner) In a figurative manner.

figure /ˈfɪɡjɚ/ /ˈfɪɡə/ /ˈfɪɡɚ/ /ˈfɪɡɪu̯ɹ/ figures n
rysunek
A drawing or diagram conveying information.
The representation of any form, as by drawing, painting, modelling, carving, embroidering, etc.; especially, a representation of the human body.
osoba postać
A person or thing representing a certain consciousness.
figura sylwetka
A human figure, which dress or corset must fit to; the shape of a human body.
cyfra
A numeral.
kształt
A shape.

figure /ˈfɪɡjɚ/ /ˈfɪɡə/ /ˈfɪɡɚ/ /ˈfɪɡɪu̯ɹ/ v
zrozumieć
To think, to assume, to suppose, to reckon.

figure skate figure skates n
łyżwa figurowa
An ice skate used for figure skating.

figure skating n
łyżwiarstwo figurowe
A sport where people perform spins, jumps and other moves on skates.

figurehead /ˈfɪɡjəɹˌhɛd/ /ˈfɪɡəɹˌhɛd/ figureheads n
galion aflaston
(nautical) A carved figure on the prow of a sailing ship.
figurant
(by extension) Someone in a nominal position of leadership who has no actual power; a front or front man.

figurine /fɪɡ(j)əˈɹin/ /fɪɡəˈɹin/ figurines n
statuetka
A small carved or molded figure; a statuette.

figwort figworts n
skrofularia trędownik
Any of various woodland herbs and shrubs of the genus Scrophularia.

filament /ˈfɪləmənt/ filaments n
żarnik
Such a wire, as can be heated until it glows, in an incandescent light bulb or a thermionic valve.

file /faɪl/ [faɪ̯(ə)ɫ] files n
plik kartoteka katalog
A collection of papers collated and archived together.
pilnik
A hand tool consisting of a handle to which a block of coarse metal is attached, and used for removing sharp edges or for cutting, especially through metal.
kolumna
(chess) one of the eight vertical lines of squares on a chessboard (i.e., those identified by a letter).
plik
(computing) An aggregation of data on a storage device, identified by a name.
(computing) The primary item on the menu bar, containing commands such as open, save, print, etc.

file /faɪl/ [faɪ̯(ə)ɫ] v
opiłować opiłowywać
(transitive) To smooth, grind, or cut with a file.

file extension file extensions n
rozszerzenie
A short series of text characters at the end of a computer filename, used to indicate the type of contents and the software that will be required to operate or open it.

file system file systems n
system plików

filename /ˈfaɪ.əl.neɪm/ filenames n
nazwa pliku
(computing) The name assigned to a file in a file system.

filial /ˈfi.li.əl/ /ˈfɪl.i.əl/ /ˈfɪl.jəl/ more filial most filial adj
córczyny synowski
(not comparable) Pertaining to or befitting a son or daughter.

filicide /ˈfɪ.lɪ.sʌɪd/ filicides n
dzieciobójstwo
The killing of one's own child.
dzieciobójca dzieciobójczyni
A person who kills his or her own child.

filiform more filiform most filiform adj
nitkowaty
Shaped like or resembling a thread or filament; filamentous.

filigree /ˈfɪl.ɪ.ɡɹiː/ filigrees n
filigran
(chiefly, jewellery) A delicate and intricate ornamentation made from platinum, gold or silver (or sometimes other metal) twisted wire.

filing /faɪ.lɪŋ/ filings n
opiłek
Any particle that has been removed by a file or similar implement; a shaving.
archiwizacja
The act of storing documents in an archive; archiving.

filing cabinet filing cabinets n
kartoteka segregator
A piece of office furniture composed of drawers or shelves sized to standard file folder widths, traditionally used for storing documents in order.

fill /fɪl/ [fɪɫ] v
napełniać zapełniać napełnić zapełnić
(transitive) To occupy fully, to take up all of.
napełniać wypełniać napełnić wypełnić
(transitive) To add contents to (a container, cavity, or the like) so that it is full.

fill out /fɪl ˈaʊt/ v
wypełniać wypełnić
(transitive) To complete a form or questionnaire with requested information.
zaokraglić
(intransitive) To have one's physique expand with maturity or with surplus weight.

filler /ˈfɪlə(ɹ)/ /ˈfɪlɚ/ fillers n
wypełniacz zapchajdziura
Something added to fill a space or add weight or size.
substancja pomocnicza
A relatively inert ingredient added to modify physical characteristics; a bulking agent.

fillet /fɪˈleɪ/ /ˈfɪl.ɪt/ v
filetować odfiletować wyfiletować
(transitive) To slice, bone or make into fillets.

filling /ˈfɪlɪŋ/ [ˈfɪɫɪŋ] more filling most filling adj
syty
Of food, that satisfies the appetite by filling the stomach.

filling /ˈfɪlɪŋ/ [ˈfɪɫɪŋ] fillings n
wypełnienie
Anything that is used to fill something.
farsz nadzienie
The contents of a pie, etc.
plomba
(dentistry) Any material used to fill a cavity in a tooth or the result of using such material.

fillip /ˈfɪlɪp/ fillips n
prztyczek
(archaic) The action of holding the tip of a finger against the thumb and then releasing it with a snap; a flick.

filly /ˈfɪli/ fillies n
klaczka
A young female horse.

film /fɪlm/ [fɪɫm] [ˈfɪlm̩] [ˈfɪləm] films n
warstwa
A thin layer of some substance; a pellicle; a membranous covering, causing opacity.
film klisza
(photography) A medium used to capture images in a camera.

film /fɪlm/ [fɪɫm] [ˈfɪlm̩] [ˈfɪləm] v
filmować sfilmować
(ambitransitive) To record (activity, or a motion picture) on photographic film.

film director film directors n
reżyser reżyserka
A person who directs and supervises the production of a movie, especially as profession.

filmmaker filmmakers n
filmowiec
A producer or director of films/movies.

filmmaking filmmakings n
produkcja filmowa
The activity of preparing edited video works, formerly principally films, whether for entertainment or other purposes.

filmography filmographies n
filmografia
A selective list of movie titles that share a similar characteristic such as the same genre, the same director, the same actor etc.

filter /ˈfɪltə/ /ˈfɪltɚ/ filters n
filtr
A device which separates a suspended, dissolved, or particulate matter from a fluid, solution, or other substance; any device that separates one substance from another.
Electronics or software that separates unwanted signals (for example noise) from wanted signals or that attenuates selected frequencies.
Any item, mechanism, device or procedure that acts to separate or isolate.
(mathematics, order theory) A non-empty upper set (of a partially ordered set) which is closed under binary infima (a.k.a. meets).

filter /ˈfɪltə/ /ˈfɪltɚ/ v
filtrować
(transitive) To sort, sift, or isolate.
rozpraszać rozproszyć
(transitive) To diffuse; to cause to be less concentrated or focused.
przenikać przeniknąć sączyć się
(intransitive) To pass through a filter or to act as though passing through a filter.
napływać powoli sączyć się
(intransitive) To move slowly or gradually; to come or go a few at a time.

filter bubble filter bubbles n
bańka filtrująca bańka informacyjna

filter out v
odfiltrować odfiltrowywać
(transitive) To selectively remove part of something.

filth /fɪlθ/ n
brud
(UK, pejorative, slang) The police.

filthy /ˈfɪlθi/ filthier filthiest adj
brudny
Covered with filth; very dirty.
sprośny
Obscene or offensive.

filthy rich adj
obrzydliwie bogaty
(idiomatic) Very rich (wealthy).

filtration /fɪlˈtɹeɪʃən/ filtrations n
filtracja
The act or process of filtering; the mechanical separation of a liquid from the undissolved particles floating in it.

fin /fɪn/ fins n
płetwa
(ichthyology) One of the appendages of a fish, used to propel itself and to manoeuvre/maneuver.
A similar appendage of a cetacean or other marine animal.

finagle /fɪˈneɪ.ɡəl/ v
kombinować
(transitive) To obtain, arrange, or achieve by deceitful methods, by trickery.

final /ˈfaɪn(ə)l/ /ˈfaɪnl̩/ [-nəɫ] more final most final adj
końcowy ostatni
Last; ultimate.
końcowy
(linguistics) Word-final; occurring at the end of a word.

final /ˈfaɪn(ə)l/ /ˈfaɪnl̩/ [-nəɫ] finals n
finał
(US, Canada) A final examination; a test or examination given at the end of a term or class; the test that concludes a class.

final nail in the coffin final nails in the coffin n
ostatni gwóźdź do trumny
(idiomatic) Something that is ultimately responsible for a previously prospective demise or failure.

final obstruent devoicing final obstruent devoicings n
ubezdźwięcznienie końcowych obstruentów
(linguistics) The feature of a language of only allowing voiceless consonants before a pausa.

final solution final solutions n
ostateczne rozwiązanie
(historical, often, capitalized) The planned and attempted mass murder of the European Jews by the Nazis; the Holocaust.

finale /fɪˈnæli/ /fɪˈnɑli/ /fɪˈnɑːli/ finales n
finał
The grand end of something, especially of a show or piece of music.

finalisation finalisations n
finalizacja
The act or process of finalising.

finally /ˈfaɪ.nə.li/ /ˈfaɪn.li/ adv
na koniec
At the end or conclusion; ultimately.
nareszcie wreszcie w końcu
(sequence) To finish (with); lastly (in the present).

finance /faɪˈnæns/ /fɪˈnæns/ /ˈfaɪnæns/ finances n
finanse
The science of management of money and other assets.

finance /faɪˈnæns/ /fɪˈnæns/ /ˈfaɪnæns/ v
finansować sfinansować
(transitive) To manage financially; be financier for; provide or obtain funding for a transaction or undertaking.

financial /faɪˈnænʃəl/ /fɪˈnænʃəl/ adj
finansowy
Related to finances.

financial accounting n
rachunkowość finansowa

financial asset financial assets n
aktywa finansowe

financial institution financial institutions n
instytucja finansowa
(business, banking, finance) An institution, such as a bank, insurance company or fund, that provides financial services for its clients or members.

financial market financial markets n
rynek finansowy
A market where financial securities (such as stocks and bonds) and commodities are bought and sold.

financially adv
finansowo
In terms of finance or money.

finch /fɪnt͡ʃ/ finches n
zięba ziarnojad
Any bird of other families of similar appearance to members of family Fringillidae.

find /faɪnd/ finds n
znalezisko
Anything that is found (usually valuable), as objects on an archeological site or a person with talent.

find /faɪnd/ v
znajdować znaleźć
(transitive) To encounter or discover something being searched for; to locate.
(ditransitive) To decide that, to discover that, to form the opinion that.

find oneself /ˈfaɪnd wʌnsɛlf/ v
rozumieć się zrozumieć się
(idiomatic) To learn, or attempt to learn, what kind of person one is and what one wants in life.

find out v
dowiadywać się dowiedzieć się informować się poinformować się
To discover or expose (someone) as disobedient, dishonest, etc.

finder's fee finders' fees n
opłata za pośrednictwo
(business) A payment given to an intermediary or middleman in a business deal in return for finding and connecting the two parties to the transaction.
znaleźne
A reward for returning a lost item.

finders, keepers proverb
znalezione, nie kradzione
Whoever finds something is allowed to keep it.

finding /ˈfaɪndɪŋ/ findings n
odkrycie znalezisko
A result of research or an investigation.

fine /faɪn/ /fæːn/ finer finest adj
fajny
(informal) Good-looking, attractive.

fine /faɪn/ fines n
grzywna mandat
A fee levied as punishment for breaking the law.

fine arts n
sztuki piękne plastyka
The purely aesthetic arts, such as music, painting, and poetry, as opposed to industrial or functional arts such as architecture or carpentry.

fine feathers make fine birds proverb
jak cię widzą, tak cię piszą
(idiom) Something that appears beautiful or good is by definition beautiful or good.

fine line fine lines n
cienka linia

fine print n
drobny druk
(idiomatic) The details, restrictions, terms, or conditions, especially of a contract, often printed in very small type.

fine-grained more fine-grained most fine-grained adj
drobnoziarnisty
Consisting of fine particles.

fineness finenesses n
próba
The ratio, in a precious metal, of the primary metal to any additives or impurities.

finesse /fə-/ /fɨ-/ /fɪˈnɛs/ finesses n
finezja
(uncountable) Skill in the handling or manipulation of a situation. [from c. 1520]
finezja przebiegłość
(uncountable) The property of having elegance, grace, refinement, or skill. [from mid 16th c.]
impas
(countable, card games) In bridge, whist, etc.: a technique which allows one to win a trick, usually by playing a card when it is thought that a card that can beat it is held by another player whose turn is over. [from early 18th c.]

finger /ˈfɪŋəɹ/ /ˈfɪŋɡə/ /ˈfɪŋɡəɹ/ fingers n
palec
(anatomy) A slender jointed extremity of the human hand, (often) exclusive of the thumb.

finger on the pulse fingers on the pulse n
ręka na pulsie
An active interest in the latest developments (of some topic).

fingerboard fingerboards n
podstrunnica podstrunnik
(music, lutherie) A flat or roughly flat strip on the neck of a stringed instrument, against which the strings are pressed to shorten the vibrating length and produce notes of higher pitches.

fingering fingerings n
aplikatura palcowanie palcówka
(music, uncountable) The act of using one's fingers in the playing of a musical instrument.
palcówka
(uncountable) The act of using the fingers to stimulate one's own, or another person's, vulva, vagina, or anus.

fingerless adj
bezpalcowy
Having no fingers.

fingernail /ˈfɪŋɡɚˌneɪl/ fingernails n
paznokieć
The hard, flat translucent covering near the tip of a human finger, useful for scratching and fine manipulation.

fingerprint /ˈfɪŋɡɚˌpɹɪnt/ fingerprints n
odcisk palca
The natural pattern of ridges on the tips of human fingers, unique to each individual.
The patterns left on surfaces where uncovered fingertips have touched, especially as used to identify the person who touched the surface.
(cryptography) A unique identification for a public key in asymmetric cryptography.

fingertip /ˈfɪŋɡɚˌtɪp/ fingertips n
opuszka
The tip of the human finger.

finial /ˈfaɪ-/ /ˈfɪn.i.əl/ finials n
kwiaton
(by extension) Any decorative fitting on the corner, end, or top of an object such as a canopy, a fencepost, a flagpole, a curtain rod, or the newel post of a staircase.

finical /ˈfɪnɪkəl/ more finical most finical adj
drobiazgowy skrupulatny wybredny
Finicky, fastidious, overly precise or delicate.

finish /ˈfɪnɪʃ/ finishes n
koniec
An end; the end of anything.
apretura
The result of any process changing the physical or chemical properties of cloth.

finish /ˈfɪnɪʃ/ v
apreturować
(transitive) To apply a treatment to (a surface or similar).
skończyć dokonać dokonywać kończyć
(transitive) To put an end to; to destroy.

finish line finish lines n
meta
(sports) A line marking the end of a race.

finish off v
wykańczać wykończyć
To finish completely.

finished product finished products n
produkt finalny
The final version of a product.

finishing school finishing schools n
prywatna wychowawcza szkoła dla dziewczyn
(dated) A private school intended to furnish young women with the social skills and cultural education needed in order to fulfill successfully a woman's traditional role in polite society.

finishing touch finishing touches n
szlif wykończenie
A final addition, change, or embellishment that serves to complete something.

finite /ˈfaɪ.naɪt/ /ˈfɑɪ.nɑɪt/ more finite most finite adj
skończony ograniczony
Having an end or limit; (of a quantity) constrained by bounds; (of a set) whose number of elements is a natural number.

finite-dimensional adj
skończeniewymiarowy
(mathematics) (of a vector space) having a basis consisting of a finite number of elements.

finity finities n
skończoności
(uncountable) The state or characteristic of being limited in number or scope.

fipronil n
fipronil
(organic compound) A broad-spectrum insecticide, belonging to the phenylpyrazole family, that disrupts the insect's central nervous system.

fir /fɜː(ɹ)/ /fɝ/ /fɪɹ/ firs n
jodła
(chiefly, countable) A conifer of the genus Abies.

fire /ˈfaɪ.ə/ /ˈfaɪ.əɹ/ [faɪ̯ə] [fʌɪ̯ɚ] [ˈfaə] [ˈfaɪ̯ɚ] [ˈfaː] [ˈfäːɚ] [ˈfɑe̯ə] [ˈfɑə] [ˈfɑəː] interjection
ognia
command to shoot with firearms

fire /ˈfaɪ.ə/ /ˈfaɪ.əɹ/ [faɪ̯ə] [fʌɪ̯ɚ] [ˈfaə] [ˈfaɪ̯ɚ] [ˈfaː] [ˈfäːɚ] [ˈfɑe̯ə] [ˈfɑə] [ˈfɑəː] fires n
ogień pożar
(countable) An instance of this chemical reaction, especially when intentionally created and maintained in a specific location to a useful end (such as a campfire or a hearth fire).
(uncountable) The bullets or other projectiles fired from a gun or other ranged weapon.
pożar ogień
(countable) The occurrence, often accidental, of fire in a certain place, causing damage and danger.
ogień żar
(uncountable, alchemy, philosophy) The aforementioned chemical reaction of burning, considered one of the Classical elements or basic elements of alchemy.
piec ogień
(countable, British) A heater or stove used in place of a real fire (such as an electric fire).

fire /ˈfaɪ.ə/ /ˈfaɪ.əɹ/ [faɪ̯ə] [fʌɪ̯ɚ] [ˈfaə] [ˈfaɪ̯ɚ] [ˈfaː] [ˈfäːɚ] [ˈfɑe̯ə] [ˈfɑə] [ˈfɑəː] v
zwolnić zwalniać wylać wylewać
(transitive) To terminate the employment contract of (an employee), especially for cause (such as misconduct or poor performance).
strzelić bić strzelać
(transitive, sports) To shoot; to attempt to score a goal.

fire at will phraseologicalUnit
strzelajcie bez rozkazu
(military) Fire when ready. A command that allows troops to use weapons at their discretion and choose their own targets, allowing the individual soldier a greater freedom of timing the shot with target movement and similar.

fire blight fire blights n
zaraza ogniowa
(plant disease) A bacterial plant disease, caused by Erwinia amylovora, that affects apples, pears and some other members of the Rosaceae family.

fire brigade /ˈfaɪə(ɹ)bɹɪˌɡeɪd/ fire brigades n
straż pożarna
(firefighting, British) An organization, often part of a local government, whose purpose is preventing and putting out fires.

fire department fire departments n
straż pożarna
(firefighting, US) An organization, often part of a local government, whose purpose is preventing and putting out fires. May provide other emergency services as well.

fire drill fire drills n
łuk ogniowy
A fire-starting tool consisting of a wooden rod and some primitive means of rapidly rotating the rod on a flat surface like a drill until tinder can be ignited.

fire engine /faɪə(ɹ).ɛn.dʒɪn/ /faɪɚ.ɛn.dʒɪn/ fire engines n
samochód pożarniczy wóz strażacki
(firefighting) A vehicle used by firefighters to pump water to fight a fire. Typically, a fire engine carries a supply of water and has the ability to connect to an external water supply.

fire escape fire escapes n
wyjście ewakuacyjne wyjście pożarowe
Any of the series of emergency doors, ladders, or stairs used to evacuate a building if a fire breaks out.
droga ewakuacyjna
The entire escape route viewed as a whole.

fire exit fire exits n
wyjście pożarowe
An emergency exit for usage in case of a fire.

fire extinguisher /ˈfaɪəɹ ɪkˌstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ.ə(ɹ)/ fire extinguishers n
gaśnica
A device that can be used to put out a fire. Usually a portable cylinder filled with carbon dioxide, dry powder or water, in the latter two cases with some means of pressurising the cylinder to expel the contents.

fire hose fire hoses n
wąż pożarowy
A hose designed to deliver water to douse a fire, usually much stronger and wider in diameter than a garden hose.

fire hydrant fire hydrants n
hydrant
(firefighting) A device used by firefighters to obtain water from the main supply, consisting of a barrel, connections for hose and a valve assembly.

fire in the belly n
entuzjazm gorliwość zapał
(idiomatic) The emotional stamina and vigor, passion, or inner drive to achieve something, to take action, etc.

fire on all cylinders v
działać na pełnych obrotach

fire salamander fire salamanders n
salamandra plamista
A medium-sized black salamander with yellow spots (Salamandra salamandra), native to Europe, related to the tiger salamander.

fire ship fire ships n
brander
(historical) A wooden ship set alight and then sent floating into an enemy flotilla, with the aim of spreading the fire among them.

fire station fire stations n
remiza straż pożarna
The building where firefighters and fire trucks/fire engines are housed when not answering an alarm.

fire-bellied toad fire-bellied toads n
kumak
Any toad of the genus Bombina.

firearm firearms n
broń palna giwera
A personal weapon that uses explosive powder to propel a projectile often made of lead.

fireball /ˈfaɪ.ə(ɹ)ˌbɔːl/ fireballs n
bolid
(astronomy) A meteor bright enough to cast shadows.

firebird firebirds n
żar-ptak
(Slavic mythology) A magical and prophetic glowing or burning bird from a faraway land, which is both a blessing and a harbinger of doom to its captor

firebrand /ˈfaɪə.bɹænd/ /ˈfaɪɚ.bɹænd/ firebrands n
podżegacz podżegaczka
(figurative) An argumentative troublemaker or revolutionary; one who agitates against the status quo.
głownia pochodnia żagiew
A torch or other burning stick with a flame at one end.

firebug firebugs n
kowalik tramwajarz
Pyrrhocoris apterus, a common red and black insect, that is the type species of the family Pyrrhocoridae.

firecracker /ˈfaɪə(ɹ)ˌkɹækə(ɹ)/ firecrackers n
petarda
A small explosive device, typically containing a small amount of gunpowder in a tightly-wound roll of paper, primarily designed to produce a large bang.

firecrest firecrests n
zniczek
A very small passerine bird, Regulus ignicapilla, that breeds in Eurasia.

firefight v
wymiana ognia

firefighter /ˈfaɪ.ɚˌfaɪ.tɚ/ /ˈfaɪə(ɹ)ˌfaɪ.tə(ɹ)/ firefighters n
strażak strażaczka
A person who has been trained to put out fires.

firefly fireflies n
świetlik
(New England, New York, Upper Midwestern US, Western US, Florida) Any beetle of the family Lampyridae, which exhibit bioluminescence during twilight.

firelighter firelighters n
podpałka
small block of flammable substance, typically sawdust and wax combined, used to light fires.

fireplace /ˈfaɪəpleɪs/ /ˈfaɪɹpleɪs/ fireplaces n
kominek
An open hearth for holding a fire at the base of a chimney.

firepower firepowers n
siła ognia
The capacity of a weapon to deliver fire onto a target.
The ability to deliver fire.

fireproof more fireproof most fireproof adj
niepalny ognioodporny ogniotrwały przeciwogniowy żaroodporny

firethorn firethorns n
ognik
A plant of the genus Pyracantha; the pyracantha.

firewall /ˈfaɪ(ə)ɹˌwɑl/ /ˈfaɪ(ə)ɹˌwɔl/ /ˈfaɪ.əˌwɔːl/ /ˈfaɪə.wɔəl/ firewalls n
ściana ogniowa
(architecture) A fireproof barrier used to prevent the spread of fire between or through buildings, structures, electrical substation transformers, or within an aircraft or vehicle.
zapora sieciowa
(computer security) The software that monitors traffic in and out of a private network or a personal computer and allows or blocks such traffic depending on its perceived threat.

firewood /ˈfa.ə(ɹ).wʊd/ /ˈfaɪ.ə(ɹ).wʊd/ /ˈfaɪ.ɚ.wʊd/ /ˈfaː(ɹ).wʊd/ /ˈfɑ.ə(ɹ).wʊd/ /ˈfɑ.əː(ɹ).wʊd/ /ˈfɑe.ə(ɹ).wʊd/ [ˈfaɪ.ɚ.wʊd] [ˈfäː.ɚ.wʊd] firewoods n
drwa drewno na opał
Wood intended to be burned, typically for heat.

firework /ˈfaɪɚˌwɚk/ fireworks n
fajerwerk
A device using gunpowder and other chemicals which, when lit, emits a combination of coloured flames, sparks, whistles or bangs, and sometimes made to rocket high into the sky before exploding, used for entertainment or celebration.

fireworks /ˈfaɪ̯.ə.wɜːks/ /ˈfaɪ̯.ɚ.wɝks/ n
fajerwerk sztuczne ognie
(plural only) An event or a display where fireworks are set off.

firing line firing lines n
linia ognia
(military) The line from which soldiers fire their weapons at a target; especially the front line of troops in a battle.

firing squad firing squads n
pluton egzekucyjny
A group of soldiers or paramilitaries detailed to execute someone, usually by rifle shot, or to discharge their weapons ceremonially at a funeral.

firm /fɜɹm/ /fɜːm/ [fɝm] firmer firmest adj
twardy
Durable, rigid (material state).

firm /fɜɹm/ /fɜːm/ [fɝm] firms n
firma
(UK, business) A business partnership; the name under which it trades.
(business, economics) A business enterprise, however organized.

firm /fɜɹm/ /fɜːm/ [fɝm] v
umacniać się umocnić się
(intransitive) To become firm; stabilise.

firmament /ˈfɜːməm(ə)nt/ /ˈfɝməmənt/ firmaments n
firmament
(usually, uncountable, literary, poetic, also, figuratively) The vault of the heavens, where the clouds, sun, moon, and stars can be seen; the heavens, the sky.

firmly /fɜːmli/ /fɝmli/ firmlier firmliest more firmly most firmly adv
pewnie stanowczo twardo
(manner) In a firm or definite or strong manner.
mocno
(manner) Securely.

firmware n
oprogramowanie układowe oprogramowanie sprzętowe
(computing) Something in between hardware and software. Like software, it is created from source code, but it is closely tied to the hardware it runs on.

first /fɜːst/ /fɝst/ /fɪrst/ /fʌrst/ adj
pierwszy najpierw
Of or belonging to a first family.

first /fɜːst/ /fɝst/ /fɪrst/ /fʌrst/ adv
najpierw na początku na wstępie najprzód najsampierw naprzód
Before anything else; firstly.

first /fɜːst/ /fɝst/ /fɪrst/ /fʌrst/ firsts n
pierwszy
(uncountable) The person or thing in the first position.

first aid n
pierwsza pomoc
(medicine) Basic medical care given to an injury victim, usually where the injury is slight or where better care is not available.

first aid kit first aid kits n
apteczka
A collection of first aid supplies for treatment of minor injuries or stabilization of major injuries.

first among equals firsts among equals n
pierwszy wśród równych
(idiomatic) A person or position that is formally of equal rank to others in a group, but nonetheless takes a leading role within that group.

first cause first causes n
pierwsza przyczyna

first class adj
pierwszorzędny
Belonging to the best or top group in a system of classification.
pierwsza klasa
Of, or relating to the most luxurious and expensive class of accommodation on a train, ship, hotel, etc.

first come, first served phraseologicalUnit
kto pierwszy, ten lepszy
(idiomatic) People will be dealt with in the order they arrive.

first floor first floors n
pierwsze piętro
(North America) The floor of a building at the level of the street or surrounding ground; the ground floor

first fruits n
pierwsze żniwa
The first part of a harvest; sometimes made into an offering

first love first loves n
pierwsza miłość
(literally) One's first experience of the feeling of romantic love.

first of all adv
najpierw po pierwsze przede wszystkim
(sequence, idiomatic) Firstly; before anything else.

first person first persons n
pierwsza osoba
A form of narrative writing using verbs in the first person in order to give the impression that the action is happening to the narrator.

first quarter first quarters n
pierwsza kwadra
(astronomy) The waxing lunar phase, from new moon to half way between new moon and full moon.

first things first phraseologicalUnit
po pierwsze
Let's deal with matters of highest priority first; let's deal with matters in logical sequence.

first time /fɜːst taɪm/ /fɝst taɪm/ first times n
pierwszy raz
An individual's first instance of sexual intercourse.

first-aid box first-aid boxes n
apteczka
A box containing first aid and medical supplies.

first-degree murder first-degree murders n
morderstwo pierwszego stopnia
(legal, chiefly, US, Canada) The criminal offence of murder in a form considered by law to be the most serious; the precise distinction may vary by jurisdiction but typically involves premeditation, or the choice of victim or other circumstances being regarded as especially blameworthy.

first-person shooter first-person shooters n
strzelanka pierwszoosobowa
(video games) A combat or video game in the genre characterized by a three-dimensional view from the player's perspective and the ability to fire a weapon.

firstborn /ˈfɜː(ɹ)st.ˌbɔː(ɹ)n/ [ˈfɜːst.ˌbɔːn] [ˈfɝst.ˌbɔɚ̯n] adj
pierworodny
Born as the first one in a family, flock or the like.

firstborn /ˈfɜː(ɹ)st.ˌbɔː(ɹ)n/ [ˈfɜːst.ˌbɔːn] [ˈfɝst.ˌbɔɚ̯n] firstborn firstborns n
pierworodny
The first child to be born to a parent or family.

firstfruit firstfruits n
pierwocina
An offering of the first of the harvest; firstfruits.

firstly /ˈfɜɹstli/ adv
po pierwsze na początku na wstępie najpierw najprzód najsampierw
(formal) In the first place; before anything else; first.

fish /fɘʃ/ /fɪʃ/ fish fishes n
ryba
(archaic, or, loosely) Any animal (or any vertebrate) that lives exclusively in water.
(uncountable) The flesh of the fish used as food.
łowienie ryb
(uncountable) A card game in which the object is to obtain cards in pairs or sets of four (depending on the variation), by asking the other players for cards of a particular rank.
(countable, nautical) A makeshift overlapping longitudinal brace, originally shaped roughly like a fish, used to temporarily repair or extend a spar or mast of a ship.

fish /fɘʃ/ /fɪʃ/ v
łowić ryby wędkować
(intransitive, followed by "for" or "around for") To talk to people in an attempt to get them to say something, or seek to obtain something by artifice.

fish and chips n
fish and chips
A meal of fish fried in batter and served with chips (fried potato pieces), popular throughout the Anglosphere, especially in coastal regions.

fish finger fish fingers n
paluszek paluszek rybny
(chiefly, UK) A rectangular stick of processed fish coated in breadcrumbs that is cooked by frying or grilling.

fish in troubled waters v
łowić ryby w mętnej wodzie
(idiomatic) To try to gain something by taking advantage of a confused or troubled situation.

fish oil fish oils n
tran
A dietary supplement made up of oil derived from the tissues of oily fish, manufactured and sold in liquid, capsule and tablet forms.

fish trap fish traps n
więcierz
A contraption made of wires, rods, fishing-net or other suitable materials with the purpose of catching fish alive.

fish-filled adj
rybny

fish-knife fish-knives n
nóż do ryb
A knife for cutting and serving fish at table.

fishbone fishbones n
ość
A bone from a fish.

fisher /ˈfɪʃə/ /ˈfɪʃɚ/ fishers n
rybak
A person who catches fish, especially for a living or for sport; a person engaging in the pastime of fishing.
kuna wodna
A North American marten, Martes pennanti, that has thick brown fur.

fisherman /ˈfɪʃəmən/ /ˈfɪʃɚmən/ fishermen fisherwoman n
rybak
A fisher, a person engaged in fishing:
A person whose profession is catching fish.

fisherwoman /ˈfɪʃəˌwʊmən/ fisherwomen n
rybaczka
A woman whose profession is catching fish.

fishery /ˈfɪʃəɹi/ fisheries n
rybołówstwo
(uncountable) Fishing: the catching, processing and marketing of fish or other seafood.

fisheye lens fisheye lenses n
rybie oko
(photography) A wide-angle lens having an extremely wide field of view (approaching or exceeding 180 degrees) and producing images that are circular or distorted by curvature at the edges.

fishhook /ˈfɪʃˌhʊk/ fishhooks n
haczyk haczyk wędkarski
a barbed hook, usually metal, used for fishing

fishing /ˈfɪʃɪŋ/ fishings n
wędkarstwo
(uncountable, informal) The act of catching other forms of seafood, separately or together with fish.
rybołówstwo
(uncountable) Commercial fishing: the business or industry of catching fish and other seafood for sale.

fishing boat fishing boats n
barkas
A boat used for fishing.

fishing cat fishing cats n
kotek cętkowany taraj
A medium-sized cat whose habitat range extends through Indochina, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Sumatra and Java; (Prionailurus viverrinus).

fishing ground fishing grounds n
łowisko
An area of water used for fishing (usually a sea area).

fishing line fishing lines n
żyłka
A cord or line where the hook or lure is attached.

fishing net fishing nets n
siatka rybacka
A net used for fishing.

fishing rod fishing rods n
wędka
A rod, often made in sections, which carries a line used for angling and is used to support both the line and the reel and to cast the line.

fishkeeping n
akwariarstwo akwarystyka

fishless adj
bezrybny

fishlessness n
bezrybie

fishlike more fishlike most fishlike adj
rybi
Having some characteristics of a fish.

fishmonger /ˈfɪʃˌmʌŋɡ.ə(ɹ)/ fishmongers n
sprzedawca ryb
(British) A person who sells fish.

fishmonger's n
sklep rybny
(UK) A shop that sells wet fish and seafood.

fishpond fishponds n
rybnik staw rybny
A freshwater pond stocked with fish; especially one formerly attached to a monastery etc as a source of food

fishwife fishwives n
przekupka
(pejorative) A vulgar, abusive or nagging woman with a loud, unpleasant voice.

fishy /ˈfɪʃi/ fishier fishiest adj
rybi
Of, from, or similar to fish.
podejrzany śmierdzący
(figurative) Suspicious; inspiring doubt.

fishy /ˈfɪʃi/ fishies n
rybka
(childish) .

fissile /ˈfɪsˌaɪ.əl/ /ˈfɪsˌəl/ more fissile most fissile adj
łupliwy
(geology) Easily split along a grain.
rozszczepialny
(physics) Capable of sustaining a nuclear fission chain reaction.

fission /ˈfɪʃən/ /ˈfɪʒən/ fissions n
rozszczepienie
The process whereby one item splits to become two.
podział
(biology) The process by which a bacterium splits to form two daughter cells.

fission /ˈfɪʃən/ /ˈfɪʒən/ v
rozszczepić rozszczepić się
(transitive) To cause to undergo fission.

fissiparous /fɪˈsɪpəɹəs/ more fissiparous most fissiparous adj
kruchy
Factious, tending to break into pieces.

fist /fɪst/ fists n
pięść
A hand with the fingers clenched or curled inward.

fist /fɪst/ v
piąstkować
To strike with the fist.

fist bump fist bumps n
żółwik
The hitting together of two people's fists, as a greeting or in celebration of an accomplishment.

fistball n
fistball
A European sport in which players attempt to hit a ball over a net with fists or arms.

fistful /ˈfɪstfʊl/ fistfuls fistsful n
garść
The amount that can be held in a closed fist.

fistula /ˈfɪs.tjə.lə/ /ˈfɪs.tʃʊ.lə/ /ˈfɪs.t͡ʃu.lə/ fistulae fistulas fistulæ n
fistuła przetoka
(medicine) An abnormal connection or passageway between organs or vessels that normally do not connect.

fit /fɪt/ v
pasować
(transitive) To conform to in size and shape.
(transitive, with to) To make conform in size and shape.

fit as a fiddle /ˈfɪt æz ə ˈfɪdl̩/ adj
zdrów jak koń zdrów jak ryba
(simile, colloquial) Perfectly fit; in excellent condition or health.

fit like a glove v
pasować w sam raz
(simile) To be a perfect fit, to be exactly the right size.

fit out v
wyposażyć wyposażać
(idiomatic) To provide a thing, a group, a person or oneself with requisites; to kit out.

fitful /ˈfɪtf(ə)l/ /ˈfɪtf(ʊ)l/ more fitful most fitful adj
niespokojny
(by extension) Characterized by sudden bursts of activity with periods of inactivity in between; intermittent, irregular, unsteady.

fitness /ˈfɪtnəs/ fitnesses n
fitness
The cultivation of an attractive and/or healthy physique.

fitted carpet fitted carpets n
wykładzina

fitted sheet fitted sheets n
prześcieradło z gumką
A sheet tailored to form pocket for a mattress with elastic edges that is suitable for a range of mattress sizes. The edge may also contain a drawstring to secure the sheet more firmly and enable use on a wider range of mattress thicknesses.

fitting /fɪtɪŋ/ fittings n
przymiarka
The act of trying on clothes to inspect or adjust the fit.

five /faɪv/ /fäːv/ fives n
piątka pięć
The digit/figure 5.
piątak piątka
A banknote with a denomination of five units of currency. See also fiver.
piątka
Anything measuring five units, as length.
pięciolatek pięciolatka
A person who is five years old.
piąta
Five o'clock.
pięciominutówka
A short rest, especially one of five minutes.

five /faɪv/ /fäːv/ numeral
pięć pięcioro
A numerical value equal to 5; the number following four and preceding six.
piątka
Describing a group or set with five elements.

five hundred /ˈfaɪv ˈhʌn.dɹəd/ /ˈfaɪv ˈhʌn.dɹɪd/ numeral
pięćset
The cardinal number occurring after four hundred ninety-nine and before five hundred one, represented in Arabic numerals as 500. Ordinal: five-hundredth.

five o'clock n
piąta
(In both the 12-hour clock and the 24-hour clock) The start of the sixth hour of the day; 5:00 a.m. (05:00).

five senses n
pięć zmysłów
The five major senses in most animals: sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch.

five thousand numeral
pięć tysięcy
5000

five will get you ten phraseologicalUnit
założę się
(idiomatic) I strongly believe.

five-eighths n
pięć ósmych
Five of eighth equal parts (5/8, ⅝, 0.625).

fivesome fivesomes n
piątka pięcioro
A group of five people or things.
An orgy (group sex) consisting of five people.

fix /ˈfɪks/ fixes n
dylemat
A difficult situation; a quandary or dilemma; a predicament.
naprawa
A prearrangement of the outcome of a supposedly competitive process, such as a sporting event, a game, an election, a trial, or a bid.

fix /ˈfɪks/ v
kastrować sterylizować
(transitive, US, informal) To surgically render an animal, especially a pet, infertile.
utrwalać utrwalić
(transitive) To render (a photographic impression) permanent by treating with such applications as will make it insensitive to the action of light.
naprawić naprawiać przygotowywać przymocować mocować zamocować
(intransitive) To become firm, so as to resist volatilization; to cease to flow or be fluid; to congeal; to become hard and malleable, as a metallic substance.

fix someone's wagon v
zadać bobu
(idiomatic) To cause injury, distress, or inconvenience to someone, especially as punishment or as a comeuppance.

fixation /fɪksˈeɪʃən/ fixations n
fiksacja
A state of mind involving obsession with a particular person, idea, or thing.

fixed asset fixed assets n
aktywa trwałe majątek trwały
(business, accounting) Asset or property which cannot easily be converted into cash, such as land, buildings and machinery.

fixed cost fixed costs n
koszt stały
(accounting, chiefly, in the plural) A cost of business which does not vary with output or sales; an overhead.

fixed point adj
stałoprzecinkowy
(computing) Pertaining to fixed point representations or operations.

fixed-term contract fixed-term contracts n
umowa na czas określony
A contract which is valid only for a pre-arranged length of time.

fixedly /ˈfɪks(t)li/ /ˈfɪksɪdli/ more fixedly most fixedly adv
niezmiennie
In a fixed manner.

fixer fixers n
naprawiacz
one who, or that which, fixes.
utrwalacz
(photography) A chemical (sodium thiosulfate) used in photographic development that fixes the image in place, preventing further chemical reactions.
załatwiacz
A person who serves as an agent to arrange for a desired result, perhaps by improper means.

fizzle /ˈfɪzəl/ v
spalić na panewce
(figuratively, informal) To decay or die off to nothing; to burn out; to end less successfully than previously hoped.

fizzy water fizzy waters n
woda gazowana sodówka woda sodowa
carbonated water.

fjord /fiˈɔɹd/ /fiˈɔːd/ /fjɔɹd/ /fjɔːd/ /ˈfiːɔːd/ fjords n
fiord
A long, narrow, deep inlet between cliffs.

flabellum /fləˈbɛləm/ flabella flabellums n
wachlarz
A large fan used for religious ceremonies.
(botany, zoology) Any fan-shaped structure.

flacon /ˈflækɒn/ /ˈflɑːkɒn/ flacons n
flakon
A small stoppered glass bottle, often used for keeping perfume.

fladry fladries n
fladry
A string of flags (usually red) used to demarcate boundaries that contain wildlife such as wolves, and deter them from crossing.

flag /fleɪɡ/ /flæɡ/ flags n
flaga
(computer science) A variable or memory location that stores a true-or-false, yes-or-no value, typically either recording the fact that a certain event has occurred or requesting that a certain optional action take place.
(computer science) In a command line interface, a command parameter requesting optional behavior or otherwise modifying the action of the command being invoked.
flaga sztandar bandera
(internet slang, ACG) A plot or words of a character in an animation, etc., that would usually lead to a specific outcome or event, not logically or causally, but as a pattern of the animation, etc.

flag /fleɪɡ/ /flæɡ/ v
zwieść flagą zwodzić flagą
To decoy (game) by waving a flag, handkerchief, etc. to arouse the animal's curiosity.
karać
(sports) To penalize for an infraction.
przegrać z powodu czasu przegrywać z powodu czasu wygrać z powodu czasu wygrywać z powodu czasu
(chess, intransitive) To lose on time, especially in a blitz game; when using a traditional analog chess clock, a flag would fall when time expired.
wygrać z powodu czasu wygrywać z powodu czasu
(chess, transitive) To defeat (an opponent) on time, especially in a blitz game.

flag of convenience flags of convenience n
tania bandera wygodna bandera
(figuratively) Registration of a ship in a country chosen for its low taxes, permissive regulations, and so on.
(literally) The flag flown by a ship so registered (which flag then corresponds to the country of registration).

flagellant flagellants n
biczownik flagelant
a person who whips themselves or others either as part of a religious penance or for sexual gratification.

flagellum /fləˈd͡ʒɛləm/ flagella flagellae flagellums n
biczyk
(biology) In protists, a long, whiplike membrane-enclosed organelle used for locomotion or feeding.

flageolet /ˈflæd͡ʒəlɪt/ /ˈflæʒəleɪ/ flageolets n
flageolet flażolet
(music) A type of small flute of the fipple family.
flageolet flażoletka
A type of small light green kidney-shaped bean, common in France.

flagpole /ˈflæɡˌpoʊl/ flagpoles n
flagsztok maszt flagowy
A tall pole up which one or more flags may be raised and flown.

flagrant /ˈfleɪ.ɡɹənt/ more flagrant most flagrant adj
rażący
Obvious and offensive; blatant; scandalous.

flagship /ˈflæɡʃɪp/ flagships n
okręt flagowy
(nautical, military) The ship occupied by the fleet's commander (usually an admiral); it denotes this by flying his flag.

flail /fleɪl/ /fɹeɪl/ flails n
cep
A tool used for threshing, consisting of a long handle (handstock) with a shorter stick (swipple or swingle) attached with a short piece of chain, thong or similar material.
kiścień cep bojowy
A weapon which has the (usually spherical) striking part attached to the handle with a flexible joint such as a chain.

flair /flɛə̯/ /flɛɚ̯/ flairs n
biegłość
A natural or innate talent or aptitude.

flak jacket flak jackets n
kamizelka kuloodporna
A special piece of clothing worn by soldiers to protect them from shrapnel and grenade fragments, other non-direct fire and battlefield debris. Sometimes used informally to connote any of the various forms of a bullet-proof vest.

flake /fleɪk/ flakes n
płatek
A loose filmy mass or a thin chiplike layer of anything

flaky /ˈfleɪkiː/ flakier flakiest adj
postrzelony
(informal, of a, person) Unreliable; likely to make plans with others but then abandon those plans.

flamboyant /flamˈbɔɪ.ənt/ /flæmˈbɔɪ.(j)ənt/ more flamboyant most flamboyant adj
krzykliwy kwiecisty przesadny
Showy, bold or audacious in behaviour, appearance, etc.

flambé flambés n
flambirowanie
(cooking) A showy cooking technique where an alcoholic beverage, such as brandy, is added to hot food and then the fumes are ignited.

flambé v
flambirować
To cook with a showy technique where an alcoholic beverage, such as brandy, is added to hot food and then the fumes are ignited.

flame /fleɪm/ adj
ognistoczerwony
Of a brilliant reddish orange-gold colour, like that of a flame.

flame /fleɪm/ flames n
płomień
The visible part of fire; a stream of burning vapour or gas, emitting light and heat.
kochanek kochanka
A romantic partner or lover in a usually short-lived but passionate affair.
krytycyzm
(Internet, somewhat, dated) An aggressively insulting criticism or remark.
ognista czerwień
(color) A brilliant reddish orange-gold fiery colour. flame:

flame /fleɪm/ v
rozniecać rozniecić rozpalać rozpalić
To produce flames; to burn with a flame or blaze.

flame war flame wars n
flame war
(Internet) An argument consisting entirely or largely of flames by various parties that serve only to escalate the dispute.

flamenco /fləˈmɛŋkəʊ/ flamencos n
flamenco
(uncountable) A genre of folk music and dance native to Andalusia, in Spain.
(countable) A song or dance performed in such a style.

flamethrower /ˈfleɪmˌθɹoʊ.ɚ/ /ˈfleɪmˌθɹəʊ.ə/ flamethrowers n
miotacz ognia miotacz płomieni
A device that projects a flame for starting fires, and sometimes also additional fuel to help ignition. Used either as a weapon or a tool.

flamingo /fləˈmɪŋɡoʊ/ flamingoes flamingos n
flaming czerwonak
A wading bird of the family Phoenicopteridae.

flammability flammabilities n
łatwopalność
(uncountable) The condition of being flammable.

flammable /ˈflæməbəl/ more flammable most flammable adj
łatwopalny łatwopalna łatwopalne
Capable of burning, especially a liquid.

flaneur /flæˈnɜː(ɹ)/ /flɑˈnʊɚ/ /flɑːˈnɜː(ɹ)/ flaneurs n
włóczęga
One who wanders aimlessly, who roams, who travels at a lounging pace.

flank /flæŋk/ flanks n
bok
(anatomy) The flesh between the last rib and the hip; the side.
łata
(cooking) A cut of meat from the flank of an animal.
flanka skrzydło
(military) The extreme left or right edge of a military formation, army etc.

flank /flæŋk/ v
flankować oskrzydlać
(transitive) To attack the flank(s) of.

flank steak flank steaks n
bavette

flannel /ˈflænəl/ adj
flanelowy
Made of flannel.

flannel /ˈflænəl/ flannels n
flanela
(uncountable) A soft cloth material originally woven from wool, today often combined with cotton or synthetic fibers.

flap /flæp/ flaps n
spółgłoska uderzeniowa
(phonetics) A consonant sound made by a single muscle contraction, such as the sound /ɾ/ in the standard American English pronunciation of body.

flap /flæp/ v
machać trzepotać machnąć
(transitive) To move (something broad and loose) up and down.
łopotać
(intransitive) To move loosely back and forth.

flare /flɛə̯/ /flɛɚ̯/ flares n
blask
A source of brightly burning light or intense heat.
flara rakietnica
A type of pyrotechnic that produces a brilliant light without an explosion, used to attract attention in an emergency, to illuminate an area, or as a decoy.
klosz szwedy
(American football) A route run by the running back, releasing toward the sideline and then slightly arcing upfield looking for a short pass.

flare up v
rozbłyskać rozbłyskiwać rozbłysnąć
(intransitive) To burn brightly again.
wybuchać wybuchnąć zaostrzać się zaostrzyć się
(intransitive) To become more intense suddenly.
wybuchać wybuchnąć
(intransitive, sometimes with “out” instead of “up”) To burst out suddenly, as in anger.

flare-up flare-ups n
rozbłysk
A sudden outbreak, outburst or eruption (originally of flame, but now used more generally of any violent activity or emotion).

flash /flæʃ/ flashes n
błysk
A sudden, short, temporary burst of light.
(figuratively) A sudden and brilliant burst, as of genius or wit.
flesz lampa błyskowa
(telecommunications) Short for hook flash.

flash /flæʃ/ v
błyskać błysnąć
(intransitive) To blink; to shine or illuminate intermittently.
błyskać błysnąć błąkać się
(intransitive) To be visible briefly.

flash drive flash drives n
pamięć USB PenDrive pendrajw pendrive
(computer hardware) A small electronic device used to store digital data, more portable and robust than a hard drive.

flash flood flash floods n
nagła powódź
(meteorology) A sudden, rapid flood, usually of short duration and local impact.

flash in the pan flash in the pans flashes in the pan n
słomiany zapał
A transient occurrence with no long-term effect.

flash memory flash memories n
pamięć USB pendrive
(computer hardware) A rewritable memory chip that retains its data without a power supply.

flash mob flash mobs n
flash mob
A group of people who rapidly assemble, perform an unusual and seemingly pointless act, and then quickly disperse. [from 2003]

flash-bang flash-bangs n
granat błyskowo-hukowy
A hand grenade that produces a very bright flash and a loud explosion, but no shrapnel and minimal explosive force, to disorient the target.

flashcard /ˈflæʃˌkɑɹd/ flashcards n
fiszka
A card used to aid rote memorization. One side of the card contains data of one kind, or a question, and the other side contains the associated response which one wants to memorize. For example, one side could contain an English word, and the other side the Spanish translation.

flashlight /ˈflæʃˌlaɪt/ flashlights n
latarka
(US, Canada) A battery-powered hand-held light source.

flashover voltage flashover voltages n
napięcie przeskoku

flask /ˈflæsk/ /ˈflɑːsk/ flasks n
manierka piersiówka
A container used to discreetly carry a small amount of a hard alcoholic beverage; a pocket flask.
kolba
(sciences) Laboratory glassware used to hold larger volumes than test tubes, normally having a narrow mouth of a standard size which widens to a flat or spherical base.

flat /flæt/ flatter flattest adj
płaski równy
Having no variations in height.
monotonny
(music, voice) Without variations in pitch.
bezbarwny nijaki
(figurative) Lacking liveliness or action; depressed; uninteresting; dull and boring.
bemolowy
(music, note) Lowered by one semitone.
flakowaty sflaczały
(of a tire or other inflated object) Deflated, especially because of a puncture.
odgazowany wygazowany zwietrzały
(of a carbonated drink) With all or most of its carbon dioxide having come out of solution so that the drink no longer fizzes or contains any bubbles.
wyczerpany
(of a battery) Unable to emit power; dead.

flat /flæt/ more flat most flat adv
płasko
So as to be flat.

flat /flæt/ flats n
bemol
(music) A note played one chromatic semitone lower than a natural, denoted by the symbol ♭ placed after the letter representing the note (e.g., B♭) or in front of the note symbol (e.g. ♭♪).
flak
(informal, automotive) A flat tyre/flat tire.
but
(in the plural) A type of ladies' shoe with a very low heel.

flat affect flat affects n
spłycenie afektu

flat cap flat caps n
kaszkiet
A man's cap made from wool, tweed, or other soft material. It has a small peak and fits snugly on the head.

flat peach flat peaches n
brzoskwinia płaska
A subspecies or variety of peach Prunus persica subsp. platycarpa, with white flesh and a flattish, round shape.

flat rate flat rates n
ryczałt

flat tyre flat tyres n
flak guma kapeć przebita opona
A tyre of a motor vehicle that is deflated, especially one deflated because of a puncture when in use.

flat-bottomed more flat-bottomed most flat-bottomed adj
płaskodenny
Having a flat bottom.

flat-earther flat-earthers n
płaskoziemiec płaskoziemka
A person who believes or advocates the theory that the planet Earth is flat.

flat-headed more flat-headed most flat-headed adj
płaskogłowy
Having a flat head.

flatfish /ˈflætfɪʃ/ flatfish flatfishes n
płastuga
A fish of the order Pleuronectiformes, the adults of which have both eyes on one side and usually swim with the other side down, such as a flounder, a halibut, or a sole.

flatfoot flatfeet flatfoots n
platfus płaskostopie
A person having the above condition.

flatly /ˈflætli/ more flatly most flatly adv
kategorycznie
In a definite manner; in a manner showing complete certainty.
beznamiętnie
In a manner that shows no emotion.

flatmate /ˈflætmeɪt/ flatmates n
współlokator współlokatorka
A person with whom one shares a flat.

flatten /ˈflætən/ v
równać spłaszczyć wyrównać
(transitive) To make something flat or flatter.
kłaść położyć zwalać zwalić
(transitive) To knock down or lay low.
spłaszczyć się wyrównać się
(intransitive) To become flat or flatter; to plateau.

flatter /ˈflætə/ /ˈflætɚ/ [ˈflæɾɚ] flatters n
gładzik kowalski
A flat-faced fulling hammer.

flatter /ˈflætə/ /ˈflætɚ/ [ˈflæɾɚ] v
schlebiać pochlebiać
To compliment someone, often (but not necessarily) insincerely and sometimes to win favour.
pochlebiać schlebiać
To enhance or gratify someone's vanity by praising them.

flatterer flatterers n
pochlebca lizus
One who flatters.

flatteringly more flatteringly most flatteringly adv
twarzowo
In a flattering manner.

flattery /ˈflæt.ə.ɹi/ /ˈflæt.ɚ.i/ flatteries n
pochlebstwo
(countable) An instance of excessive praise.

flatulence /ˈflæt͡ʃələns/ flatulences n
gazy wiatry
The state of having gas, often smelly, trapped (and when released, frequently with noise) in the digestive system of a human and some other animals; wind; and when released, a flatus, a fart.

flatulist /ˈflæt͡ʃəlɪst/ flatulists n
flatulista
An entertainer whose routine consists solely or primarily of farting in a creative, musical, or amusing manner.

flatworm flatworms n
płaziniec
Any of very many parasitic or free-living worms, of the phylum Platyhelminthes, having a flattened body with no skeleton or body cavity.

flaunt /flɑnt/ /flɑːnt/ /flɒnt/ /flɔnt/ /flɔːnt/ v
afiszować afiszować się obnosić się zaafiszować zaafiszować się

flautist /ˈflɔːtɪst/ flautists n
flecista flecistka
One who plays the flute.

flavor /ˈfleɪvə/ /ˈfleɪvɚ/ flavors n
smak aromat
The quality produced by the sensation of taste or, especially, of taste and smell in combined effect.
odmiana
(particle physics) One of the six types of quarks (top, bottom, strange, charmed, up, and down) or three types of leptons (electron, muon, and tauon).

flaw /flɑ/ /flɔ/ /flɔː/ flaws n
wada
A defect, fault, or imperfection, especially one that is hidden.

flawless /ˈflɑləs/ /ˈflɔləs/ /ˈflɔːləs/ more flawless most flawless adj
bezbłędny doskonały
Without flaws, defects, or shortcomings; perfect.

flawlessly /ˈflɑː.ləs.li/ /ˈflɔː.ləs.li/ more flawlessly most flawlessly adv
bezbłędnie
In a flawless manner.

flawlessness n
bezbłędność

flax /flæks/ /flɛks/ flaxes n
len len zwyczajny
The fibers of Linum usitatissimum, grown to make linen and related textiles.
The flax bush, a plant of the genus Phormium, native to New Zealand, with strap-like leaves up to 3 metres long that grow in clumps.

flaxen /ˈflæk.sən/ adj
jasnobrązowy lniany
Made of or resembling flax fibers.
(of hair) A pale yellow brown as of dried flax; blonde.

flaxseed /ˈflæksiːd/ flaxseeds n
siemię lniane
The seed of the flax plant; a source of linseed oil.

flay /fleɪ/ /fliː/ v
oskalpować
To strip the skin off; to skin.

flayer /ˈfleɪ.ə/ /ˈfleɪ.ɚ/ flayers n
rakarz
One who or that which flays.

flea /fliː/ fleas n
pchła
A small, wingless, parasitic insect of the order Siphonaptera, renowned for its bloodsucking habits and jumping abilities.

flea market flea markets n
pchli targ
An outdoor temporary market selling inexpensive antiques, curios etc.

fledgling /ˈflɛd͡ʒ.lɪŋ/ adj
świeżo upieczony
Emergent or rising.

fledgling /ˈflɛd͡ʒ.lɪŋ/ fledglings n
podlot
A young bird which has just developed its flight feathers (notably wings).
nowicjusz żółtodziub
(figuratively) An immature, naïve or inexperienced person.

flee /fliː/ v
uciekać uciec zbiec umknąć umykać
(intransitive) To run away; to escape.
uciekać uciec umknąć umykać zbiec
(transitive) To escape from.
ulatniać się ulotnić się
(intransitive) To disappear quickly; to vanish.

fleece /fliːs/ fleeces n
runo wełna
(uncountable) Hair or wool of a sheep or similar animal

fleet /flit/ /fliːt/ fleets n
flota tabor
A group of vessels or vehicles.

fleet /flit/ /fliːt/ v
błąkać się
(ambitransitive) To pass over rapidly; to skim the surface of.

fleet admiral fleet admirals n
admirał floty
The highest grade of flag officer in the United States Navy, ranking above a four-star admiral and junior only to the Secretary of the Navy, Secretary of Defense, and the President of the United States; equal in grade or rank to a general of the army. Usually called admiral of the fleet in other navies.

fleeting /ˈfliːtɪŋ/ more fleeting most fleeting adj
przelotny nikły
Passing quickly; of short duration.

flerovium /flɪˈɹoʊviəm/ n
flerow
The chemical element with atomic number 114.

flesh /flɛʃ/ fleshes n
mięso ciało
The soft tissue of the body, especially muscle and fat.
ciało
The human body as a physical entity.
miąższ
The soft, often edible, parts of fruits or vegetables.
cielisty
A yellowish pink colour; the colour of some Caucasian human skin.

fleshy /ˈflɛʃi/ fleshier fleshiest more fleshy most fleshy adj
mięsisty
(of a person) Having considerable flesh; plump.

fleur-de-lis /ˌflɜːdəˈliː/ /ˌflɜːdəˈliːs/ /ˌflɝdəˈli/ /ˌflɝdəˈlis/ fleur-de-lises fleur-de-lisses fleurs-de-lis n
lilia
(heraldiccharge) A design representing a flower whose three petals are joined together at the bottom, often used in heraldry, where it is particularly associated with the French monarchy.
lilijka
(Scouting) The main element in the logo of most Scouting organizations, representing a major theme in Scouting: the outdoors and wilderness.

flex /flɛks/ v
napinać prężyć
(transitive) To repeatedly bend one of one's joints.
(transitive) To move part of the body using one's muscles.
(intransitive) To tighten the muscles for display of size or strength.

flex one's muscles v
prężyć muskuły
To tense and bend one's flexor muscles.
(figuratively) To show off one's strength or skills.

flexible /ˈflɛk.sə.bəl/ /ˈflɛk.sɪ.bəl/ more flexible most flexible adj
elastyczny rozciągliwy gibki giętki
Capable of being flexed or bent without breaking; able to be turned or twisted without breaking.

flexitarian flexitarians n
fleksitarianin
One who is usually or primarily vegetarian, but not strictly so.

flexitarianism n
fleksitarianizm semiwegetarianizm
(US) The practice of eating mainly vegetarian food, but making occasional exceptions for social, pragmatic, cultural, or nutritional reasons.

flexor /ˈflɛksə(ɹ)/ flexors n
zginacz
A muscle whose contraction acts to bend a joint or limb.

flibbertigibbet /ˈflɪbɚtiˌd͡ʒɪbɪt/ /ˌflɪbətiˈdʒɪbɪt/ flibbertigibbets n
gaduła trzpiotka
An offbeat, skittish person; especially said of a young woman.

flicker /ˈflɪkə/ /ˈflɪkɚ/ flickers n
błysk
An unsteady flash of light.
dzięcioł
(US) Any of certain small woodpeckers, especially of the genus Colaptes.
mgnienie
(figurative) A short moment.

flicker /ˈflɪkə/ /ˈflɪkɚ/ v
migać migotać
(intransitive) To keep going on and off; to appear and disappear for short moments; to flutter.

flight /flaɪt/ flights n
lot
The act of flying.
An instance of flying.
A trip made by an aircraft, particularly one between two cities or countries, which is often planned or reserved in advance.
ucieczka
The act of fleeing.
stado
(collective) A collective term for doves or swallows.

flight attendant flight attendants n
steward stewardesa stewardessa
A member of the crew of an airplane who is responsible for the comfort and safety of its passengers.

flight deck flight decks n
pokład startowy
The deck of an aircraft carrier, where aircraft can land and take off.

flight feather flight feathers n
lotka
(ornithology) Any asymmetrical feather of the wing or tail of a bird.

flight number flight numbers n
numer rejsu
(aviation, travel) A callsign assigned to a commercial flight for the purposes of reservation and ticketing, typically consisting of a 2 character airline code and a 1 to 4 digit number to indicate a particular service.

flightless adj
nielotny
Unable to fly. Usually used with birds such as the penguin, ostrich, and emu.

flimflam v
bachnąć

flinch /flɪnt͡ʃ/ v
wzdrygać się wzdrygnąć się
(intransitive) To make a sudden, involuntary movement in response to a (usually negative) stimulus; to cringe.

flint /flɪnt/ flints n
krzemień krzemyk
A hard, fine-grained quartz that fractures conchoidally and generates sparks when struck against a material such as steel, because tiny chips of the steel are heated to incandescence and burn in air.
krzesiwo
A piece of flint, such as a gunflint, used to produce a spark by striking it with a firestriker.

flinty /ˈflɪnti/ flintier flintiest more flinty most flinty adj
krzemienny
Resembling or containing flint.

flip the bird v
pokazać środkowy palec
(colloquial, idiom) To make a rude or obscene gesture (at somebody); particularly, to extend the middle finger.

flip-flop /ˈflɪpˌflɑp/ /ˈflɪpˌflɒp/ flip-flops n
przerzutnik
(computing, electronics) A bistable; an electronic switching circuit that has either two stable states (switching between them in response to a trigger) or a stable and an unstable state (switching from one to the other and back again in response to a trigger), and which is thereby capable of serving as one bit of memory. [from 20th c.]

flipper /ˈflɪpə/ /ˈflɪpɚ/ flippers n
płetwa
In marine mammals such as whales (or other aquatic animals such as sea turtles), a wide flat, limb adapted for swimming.
A wide, flat, paddle-like rubber covering for the foot, used in swimming.
bilard flipper
A flat lever in a pinball machine, triggered by the player to strike the ball and keep it in play.

flirt /flɜːt/ /flɝt/ v
flirtować bałamucić czarować kokietować mizdrzyć się podrywać
(intransitive) To play at courtship; to talk with teasing affection, to insinuate sexual attraction in a playful (especially conversational) way. [from 18th c.]

flirtatious /flɚˈteɪʃəs/ more flirtatious most flirtatious adj
bałamutny uwodzicielski zalotny
(of a person) Having a tendency to flirt often.

flirtatiously more flirtatiously most flirtatiously adv
bałamutnie
In a flirtatious manner.

flirtatiousness n
bałamutność

flixweed flixweeds n
stulicha psia
A tall, herbaceous flowering plant, Descurainia sophia, related to mustard

float /floʊt/ /fləʊt/ floats n
pława
A buoyant device used to support something in water or another liquid.
paca packa
A sort of trowel used for finishing concrete surfaces or smoothing plaster.
akumulatorowy pojazd
(British) A small vehicle used for local deliveries, especially in the term milk float.
fundusze do spłacenia
(finance) Funds committed to be paid but not yet paid.
łączna kwota czeków nieuregulowanych
(banking) The total amount of checks/cheques or other drafts written against a bank account but not yet cleared and charged against the account.
koktajl lodowy
A soft beverage with a scoop of ice-cream floating in it.
mała kwota pieniędzy w kasie
A small sum of money put in a cashier's till, or otherwise secured, at the start of business, to enable change to be made.
blef
(poker) A maneuver where a player calls on the flop or turn with a weak hand, with the intention of bluffing after a subsequent community card.

floater /ˈfloʊ.təɹ/ /ˈfləʊ.tə/ floaters n
mroczek
(ophthalmology) A threadlike speck in the visual field that seems to move, possibly caused by degeneration of the vitreous humour.

floating island floating islands n
zupa nic
A French cold dessert consisting of an "island" of meringue, made of egg whites and sugar, floating in a "sea" of custard.

floating point adj
zmiennoprzecinkowy
(computing) Of the internal representation of such a number as a pair of integers.

floating-point number floating-point numbers n
liczba zapisana w notacji wykładniczej
A number written in the form a × bc, e.g. 3.75 × 103 (a being the mantissa, b, the base and c, the exponent).
liczba zmiennoprzecinkowa
(computing) A real number held as a pair of integers, one representing the mantissa and the other representing the exponent. The base is normally 10, 16 or 256 depending on the computing system.

flock /flɑk/ /flɒk/ flocks n
stado
A number of birds together in a group, such as those gathered together for the purpose of migration.
A large number of animals associated together in a group; commonly used of sheep, but (dated) also used for goats, farmed animals, and a wide variety of animals.

floe /fləʊ/ floes n
kra
A low, flat mass of floating ice.

flog /flɑɡ/ /flɒɡ/ v
biczować chłostać ubiczować
(transitive) To whip or scourge as punishment.

flog a dead horse v
robić coś na próżno zrobić coś na próżno
(British, idiomatic) To attempt to get more out of something that cannot give more; to attempt to arouse fresh interest in something that is either hopeless or already settled.

flogging /ˈflɒɡɪŋ/ floggings n
chłosta
Infliction of punishment by dealing blows or whipping.

flood /flʌd/ floods n
powódź potop
An overflow (usually disastrous) of water from a lake or other body of water due to excessive rainfall or other input of water.
powódź natłok nawał ogrom potok
(figuratively) A large number or quantity of anything appearing more rapidly than can easily be dealt with.

flood /flʌd/ v
zalewać
To cover or partly fill as if by a flood.
(figuratively) To provide (someone or something) with a larger number or quantity of something than can easily be dealt with.
(Internet, ambitransitive) To paste numerous lines of text to (a chat system) in order to disrupt the conversation.

flood tide flood tides n
przypływ
The period between low tide and the next high tide in which the sea is rising.

flooded /ˈflʌdɪd/ more flooded most flooded adj
zalane
Filled with water from rain or rivers.

floodwater floodwaters n
woda powodziowa
The water of a flood.

floor /flo(ː)ɹ/ /floə/ /floʊ/ /flɔɹ/ /flɔː/ [flo̞ɹ] floors n
podłoga
The interior bottom or surface of a house or building; the supporting surface of a room.
(nautical) That part of the bottom of a vessel on each side of the keelson which is most nearly horizontal.
dno ląd ziemia
(geology, biology, chiefly with a modifier) The bottom surface of a natural structure, entity, or space (e.g. cave, forest, ocean, desert, etc.); the ground (surface of the Earth).
piętro
(construction, architecture) A structure formed of beams, girders, etc, with proper covering, which divides a building horizontally into storeys/stories.

floorball n
unihokej
An indoor ball game played with a stick like hockey.

floorboard floorboards n
deska podłogowa
Any of the long boards laid over joists to make a floor.

flop /flɑp/ /flɒp/ /flɔp/ flops n
niewypał klapa
A complete failure, especially in the entertainment industry.

flop /flɑp/ /flɒp/ /flɔp/ v
klapa
(intransitive, informal) To fail completely; not to be successful at all (of a movie, play, book, song etc.).

floppy disk floppy disks n
dyskietka dysk elastyczny dysk miękki
(computer hardware) A removable disk used for storing digital data, measuring between 2 and 8 inches diagonally and storing between 80 KB and 240 MB.

floppy drive floppy drives n
stacja dyskietek
A computer hardware device used for reading and writing on removable floppy disks, such as 3+1⁄2″, 5+1⁄4″ or 8″ diskettes.

flora /ˈflɔː.ɹə/ florae floras floræ n
flora
Plants considered as a group, especially those of a particular country, region, time, etc.

floral /ˈfloɹəl/ /ˈflɔːɹəl/ more floral most floral adj
kwiatowy
Of, pertaining to, or connected with flowers.

florentine /ˈflɒɹəntaɪn/ /ˈflɒɹəntiːn/ florentines n
florentynka
A biscuit consisting mostly of nuts and preserved fruit, usually coated with chocolate on one side.

floriculture floricultures n
kwiaciarstwo
the farming of flowers

florist /ˈfloɹɪst/ /ˈflɑɹɪst/ /ˈflɒɹɪst/ florists n
kwiaciarz florysta florystka kwiaciarka
A person who sells flowers.

florist's florists' n
kwiaciarnia
A shop that sells flowers, a flower shop.

floss /flɑs/ /flɒs/ /flɔs/ flosses n
nić dentystyczna
A thread used to clean the gaps between the teeth.

flotilla /floʊˈtɪlə/ flotillas n
flotylla
(nautical) A small fleet of warships (usually of the same class), or a fleet of small ships.

flotsam /ˈflɒtsəm/ flotsams n
rozbilina
Debris floating in a river or sea, in particular fragments from a shipwreck.

flounder /ˈflaʊndɚ/ flounder flounders n
flądra fląderka tornia
A European species of flatfish having dull brown colouring with reddish-brown blotches; fluke, European flounder (Platichthys flesus).

flour /flɑɹ/ /flɑː/ /flɔr/ /ˈflaʊ̯.ə/ /ˈflaʊ̯.ɚ/ flours n
mąka
Powder obtained by grinding or milling cereal grains, especially wheat, or other foodstuffs such as soybeans and potatoes, and used to bake bread, cakes, and pastry.

flour mite flour mites n
rozkruszek mączny
The mite Acarus siro, a pest of stored grains and flour.

flout /flaʊt/ /flʌʊt/ v
zlekceważyć
(transitive) To express contempt for (laws, rules, etc.) by word or action.
gardzić
(transitive, archaic) To scorn.

flow /floʊ/ /fləʊ/ flows n
przepływ przypływ
(math) A formalization of the idea of the motion of particles in a fluid, as a group action of the real numbers on a set.
przypływ
The rising movement of the tide.
przepływ
The amount of a fluid that moves or the rate of fluid movement.

flow /floʊ/ /fləʊ/ v
płynąć ciec przepływać
(intransitive) To move as a fluid from one position to another.

flow chart flow charts n
schemat blokowy
A schematic representation of how the different stages in a process are interconnected.

flower /ˈflaʊ.ə/ /ˈflaʊ.ɚ/ flowers n
kwiat
(botany) A reproductive structure in angiosperms (flowering plants), often conspicuously colourful and typically including sepals, petals, and either or both stamens and/or a pistil.

flower /ˈflaʊ.ə/ /ˈflaʊ.ɚ/ v
kwitnąć
(intransitive) To put forth blooms.

flower water n
woda kwiatowa
Water with a floral aroma such as rose water and orange blossom water.

flowerbed flowerbeds n
kwietnik klomb rabata
A part of a garden or park where flowers are grown.

flowering plant flowering plants n
roślina okrytonasienna
(botany) Any plant that produces flowers and fruit; an angiosperm.

flowering rush flowering rushes n
łączeń łączeń baldaszkowy

flowerless adj
bezkwiatowy bezkwietny

flowerpot /ˈflaʊəˌpɒt/ /ˈflaʊɚˌpɑt/ flowerpots n
doniczka donica
A pot filled with soil in which plants are grown.

flowing /ˈfloʊ.ɪŋ/ /ˈfləʊ.ɪŋ/ more flowing most flowing adj
potoczysty
Moving, proceeding or shaped smoothly, gracefully, or continuously.

flu /fluː/ /flʉː/ flus n
grypa
Influenza.
(informal) Stomach flu.

fluctuation /flʌkt͡ʃuːˈeɪʃən/ fluctuations n
falowanie wahanie
A motion like that of waves; a moving in this and that direction; an irregular rising and falling.
fluktuacja wahanie
A wavering; unsteadiness.

fluctuational more fluctuational most fluctuational adj
fluktuacyjny
Of, pertaining to, or resulting from fluctuation(s)

fluency /ˈfluːənsi/ fluencies n
biegłość
The quality of smoothness of flow.
The quality of consistently applying skill correctly in the manner of one well-practiced at it, requiring little deliberate thought to perform without mistakes
biegłość płynność
(linguistics) The quality of being fluent in a language; A person's command of a particular language.

fluent /flɪu̯ənt/ /ˈfljuːɛnt/ /ˈfluənt/ /ˈfluːənt/ more fluent most fluent adj
płynny biegły
(linguistics) Able to use a language accurately, rapidly, and confidently – in a flowing way.

fluently more fluently most fluently adv
biegle płynnie
In a fluent manner, as expressing oneself easily, especially in a foreign language.
płynnie
In a fluent manner, as having graceful movements.

fluff /flʌf/ fluffs n
puch puszek
Anything light, soft or fuzzy, especially fur, hair, feathers.

fluffy /flʌfi/ fluffier fluffiest adj
puchaty
Covered with fluff.
puszysty
Light; soft; airy.

fluid /ˈfljuːɪd/ /ˈfluːɪd/ /ˈflɪu̯ɪd/ more fluid most fluid adj
ciekły płynny cieczowy płynowy
(not comparable) Of or relating to fluid.
płynny
In a state of flux; subject to change.
Moving smoothly, or giving the impression of a liquid in motion.
(of an asset) Convertible into cash.

fluid /ˈfljuːɪd/ /ˈfluːɪd/ /ˈflɪu̯ɪd/ fluids n
płyn ciecz
Any substance which can flow with relative ease, tends to assume the shape of its container, and obeys Bernoulli's principle; a liquid, gas or plasma.

fluke /fljuːk/ /fluk/ /fluːk/ flukes n
fart fuks szczęśliwy traf
A lucky or improbable occurrence, with the implication that the occurrence could not be repeated.
łapa (kotwicy)
(nautical) Any of the triangular blades at the end of an anchor, designed to catch the ground.
przywra
Either of the two lobes of a whale's or similar creature's tail.

flump /flʌmp/ v
bęcnąć
(intransitive) To move or fall heavily, or with a dull sound.

flunk /flʌŋk/ v
oblać
(US, ambitransitive) Of a student, to fail a class; to not pass.
(US, transitive) Of a teacher, to deny a student a passing grade.

fluorescent /flɔˈɹɛsənt/ /ˌflʊəˈɹɛsənt/ more fluorescent most fluorescent adj
fluorescencyjny
Of or relating to fluorescence.

fluorescent lamp fluorescent lamps n
świetlówka
A gas-discharge lamp that uses fluorescence to produce visible light.

fluoride /ˈflɔɹˌaɪd/ /ˈflɔːˌɹaɪd/ /ˈflʊəˌɹaɪd/ /ˈflʊɚˌaɪd/ fluorides n
fluorek
(chemistry) Any salt of hydrofluoric acid; for example, potassium fluoride.

fluorine /ˈfloɹˌin, -ɪn/ /ˈflʊ(ə)ɹˌin, -ɪn/ fluorines n
fluor
(chemistry, countable) A single atom of this element.

fluorite /ˈflɔɹˌaɪt/ /ˈflʊɚˌaɪt/ fluorites n
fluoryt
(mineral) A widely occurring mineral (calcium fluoride), of various colours, used as a flux in steelmaking, and in the manufacture of glass, enamels and hydrofluoric acid.

fluorophore fluorophores n
fluorofor
(biochemistry) A molecule or functional group which is capable of fluorescence.

flurry /ˈflɝ.ɹi/ /ˈflʊɹi/ /ˈflʌɹi/ flurries n
krótki opad
A light, brief snowfall.
tuman
A shower of dust, leaves etc. brought on by a sudden gust of wind.

flush /ˈflʌʃ/ flushes n
kolor
(poker) A hand consisting of all cards with the same suit.
spłuczka
Particularly, such a cleansing of a toilet.
A suffusion of the face with blood, as from fear, shame, modesty, or intensity of feeling of any kind; a blush; a glow.

flush toilet flush toilets n
klozet ubikacja
A toilet that uses water to flush urine and feces through a pipe to another location, typically a sewer main in urban settings or a septic tank elsewhere.

flute /fluːt/ flutes n
flet
(colloquial) A recorder, also a woodwind instrument.
kieliszek do szampana
A glass with a long, narrow bowl and a long stem, used for drinking wine, especially champagne.
rowek żłobek
A lengthwise groove, such as one of the lengthwise grooves on a classical column, or a groove on a cutting tool (such as a drill bit, endmill, or reamer), which helps to form both a cutting edge and a channel through which chips can escape
kanela kanelura
(architectural element, firearms) A semicylindrical vertical groove, as in a pillar, in plaited cloth, or in a rifle barrel to cut down the weight.

flutter /ˈflʌtə/ /ˈflʌtɚ/ [-ɾɚ] flutters n
trzepot
The act of fluttering; quick and irregular motion.
kołatanie palpitacja
An abnormal rapid pulsation of the heart.

flutter /ˈflʌtə/ /ˈflʌtɚ/ [-ɾɚ] v
trzepotać
(intransitive) To flap or wave quickly but irregularly.

fluvial /ˈfluːvi.əl/ adj
rzeczny
Of, pertaining to, inhabiting, or produced by the action of a river or stream.

fluvisol fluvisols n
mada
A genetically young kind of soil found in alluvial deposits.

flux /flʌks/ fluxes n
topnik
A chemical agent for cleaning metal prior to soldering or welding.
strumień
(physics) The rate of transfer of energy (or another physical quantity), especially an electric or magnetic field, through a given surface.

fly /flaɪ/ flier fliest flyer flyest adj
odwalony
(slang) Well dressed, smart in appearance; in style, cool.

fly /flaɪ/ flies flys n
mucha
(non-technical) Especially, any of the insects of the family Muscidae, such as the common housefly (other families of Diptera include mosquitoes and midges).
błystka wahadłowa wahadłówka
(fishing) A lightweight fishing lure resembling an insect.
rozporek
(often plural) A strip of material (sometimes hiding zippers or buttons) at the front of a pair of trousers, pants, underpants, bootees, etc.

fly /flaɪ/ v
latać lecieć
(transitive, ergative) To cause to fly (travel or float in the air): to transport via air or the like.
biec biegać
(intransitive) To travel or proceed very fast; to hasten.

fly agaric fly agarics n
muchomor czerwony
A poisonous and hallucinogenic mushroom, Amanita muscaria, with a large crimson cap, fading to yellow, scattered with white flecks.

fly ash /ˈflaɪ æʃ/ /ˈflaɪ ˌæʃ/ n
popiół lotny
A residue generated in the combustion of powdered coal or other materials, comprising the fine particles that rise with the flue gases; when generated industrially it is usually captured and can be recycled for use in construction materials.

fly in the ointment /ˈflaɪ ən ði ˈɔɪn(t)m(ə)nt/ /ˈflaɪ ɪn ði ˈɔɪntm(ə)nt/ flies in the ointment n
łyżka dziegciu w beczce miodu
(idiomatic) Something (especially a minor thing) which ruins or spoils everything else, or makes it less pleasant; a nuisance or problem; a disagreeable or unpleasant detail.

fly too close to the sun v
zachowywać się zbyt pewnie siebie

fly-half fly-halves n
łącznik ataku
(rugby) A rugby player who is normally the first receiver of the ball from the scrum half after a scrum; a half-back.

flyer /ˈflaɪə(ɹ)/ flyers n
ulotka
lotnik awiator
(dated) An airplane pilot.

flying ace flying aces n
as myśliwski
(dated) a military aviator who had shot down many enemy aircraft

flying boat flying boats n
łódź latająca
A fixed-winged seaplane with a hull, capable of landing on water, but (unless also equipped with wheels) not on land.

flying car flying cars n
latający samochód

flying fox flying foxes n
rudawka
A large Australasian bat, of the genera Pteropus or Acerodon in the family Pteropodidae, having a fox-like face.
tyrolka
A device consisting of a chair suspended on a pulley, and running along a length of cable, used for transporting across ravines etc.

flying gurnard flying gurnards n
strwolotka
Any tropical marine fish of the family Dactylopteridae, having immense wing-like pectoral fins used to glide through the water.

flying saucer flying saucers n
latający spodek
(informal) A disc-shaped unidentified flying object or UFO; originally in reference to sightings by aviator Kenneth Arnold in Washington in 1947.

flying squirrel flying squirrels n
polatucha
Any of 43 species of squirrels, most from the tribe Pteromyini within the family Sciuridae, others from family Anomaluridae, which glide from tree to tree.

flying start flying starts n
bardzo dobry start
(idiomatic) An especially good start.

flyover flyovers n
wiadukt
(British, Hong Kong, Philippine) A road or railway that passes over another, allowing routes to cross without interruption.

flypaper flypapers n
lep na muchy lep
A strip of paper coated with a sticky, often poisonous, substance that catches and kills flies that land on it

flysheet flysheets n
tropik
An extra cover of a tent to protect against insects and bad weather.

flyswatter flyswatters n
packa
A hand-held device for swatting flies or other insects, to kill or shoo them.

flyweight flyweights n
waga musza
(martial arts) A weight class in many combat sports; e.g. in professional boxing of a maximum of 112 pounds or 50.8 kilograms.

flywheel flywheels n
koło zamachowe
(mechanical engineering) A rotating mass used to maintain the speed of a machine within certain limits while the machine receives or releases energy at a varying rate, or as a form of energy storage.

foal /foʊl/ /fɐʉl/ /fəʊl/ [foɫ] [fɔʊɫ] foals n
źrebię źrebak
A young horse or other equine, especially just after birth or less than a year old.

foal /foʊl/ /fɐʉl/ /fəʊl/ [foɫ] [fɔʊɫ] v
oźrebić
(ambitransitive) To give birth to (a foal); to bear offspring.

foam /foʊm/ /fəʊm/ foams n
piana
A substance composed of a large collection of bubbles or their solidified remains, especially:

foam /foʊm/ /fəʊm/ v
pienić się
(intransitive) To form or emit foam.

foamy /foʊmi/ /fəʊmi/ foamier foamiest adj
pienisty
Full of foam.

fob /fɒb/ fobs n
łańcuszek
A short chain or ribbon to connect such a pocket to the watch.
brelok
(see usage notes) A small ornament attached to such a chain.

focal length focal lengths n
ogniskowa
(optics) A measure of how strongly an optical system converges or diverges light, the inverse of optical power. In the simple case of a single convex lens, it is the distance along the optical axis from the principal plane of the lens to the lens's focal point (where, for instance, the film would be placed in a camera). For more complex or multi-element optical systems, focal length need not correspond to any obvious measurable physical distance.

focal point focal points n
centralny punkt fokus
(optics) A focus; a point at which rays of light or other radiation converge.

focus /ˈfoʊ.kəs/ /ˈfəʊ.kəs/ foci focuses focusses n
ognisko
(uncountable, photography, cinematography) The quality of the convergence of light on the photographic medium.
(uncountable) Concentration of attention.
(linguistics) The most important word or phrase in a sentence or passage, or the one that imparts information.
An object used in casting a magic spell.

focus /ˈfoʊ.kəs/ /ˈfəʊ.kəs/ v
skupić się skoncentrować się skupiać się
(intransitive, followed by on or upon) To concentrate one's attention on something; to have as one's central point of interest, concern, etc.

focusing screen focusing screens n
matówka

fodder /ˈfɑdɚ/ /ˈfɒdə/ fodders n
pasza karma obrok
Food for animals; that which is fed to cattle, horses, and sheep, such as hay, cornstalks, vegetables, etc.

foehn /feɪn/ /fɜːn/ /fɝn/ foehns n
fen
A warm dry wind blowing down the north sides of the Alps, especially in Switzerland.
(meteorology) A similar katabatic wind developing on the lee side of a mountain.

fog /fɑɡ/ /fɒɡ/ /fɔɡ/ fogs n
mgła
(uncountable) A thick cloud that forms near the ground; the obscurity of such a cloud.

fog of war fogs of war n
mgła wojny

fogey /ˈfoʊɡi/ /ˈfəʊɡi/ fogeys fogies n
leśny dziadek moherowy beret stary pryk
A dull person (especially an older man) who is behind the times, holding antiquated, over-conservative views.

foggy /ˈfɒɡi/ foggier foggiest adj
mglisty
Obscured by mist or fog; unclear; hazy

foie gras /ˌfwɑ ˈɡɹɑ/ /ˌfwɑː ˈɡɹɑː/ foies gras n
pasztet strasburski foie gras
The fattened liver of geese or ducks, used for gourmet cooking.

foil /fɔɪl/ foils n
folia
A very thin sheet of metal.
(mostly, uncountable) Thin aluminium/aluminum (or, formerly, tin) used for wrapping food.
floret
(authorship, figuratively) In literature, theatre/theater, etc., a character who helps emphasize the traits of the main character and who usually acts as an opponent or antagonist, but can also serve as the sidekick of the protagonist.
(fencing) A very thin sword with a blunted (or foiled) tip

foil /fɔɪl/ v
udaremnić udaremniać
To prevent (something) from being accomplished.

fold /faʉld/ /foʊld/ /ˈfəʊld/ [fɒʊ(ɫ)d] [ˈfɒʊ(ɫ)d] [ˈfɔʊ(ɫ)d] folds n
fałda
A bend or crease.

fold /faʉld/ /foʊld/ /ˈfəʊld/ [fɒʊ(ɫ)d] [ˈfɒʊ(ɫ)d] [ˈfɔʊ(ɫ)d] v
składać złożyć
(transitive) To bend (any thin material, such as paper) over so that it comes in contact with itself.

foldability foldabilities n
składalność

foldable more foldable most foldable adj
składalny
That can be folded.

foldable foldables n
składak

folder /ˈfoʊɫdɚ/ /ˈfəʊldə/ folders n
folder teczka skoroszyt
An organizer that papers are kept in, usually with an index tab, to be stored as a single unit in a filing cabinet.
folder katalog
(computing) A virtual container in a computer's file system, in which files and other folders may be stored. The files and subfolders in a folder are usually related.

folding screen folding screens n
parawan
A piece of furniture consisting of two or more frames connected by hinges.

foldout foldouts n
alonż amerykanka przedłużek przedłużka
A bed that folds out from a closed position.

foley /ˈfoʊli/ foleys n
realizacja dźwięku
(uncountable, US) The creation of sound effects, and their addition to film and TV images.

foley artist foley artists n
dźwiękowiec
(US) A person who creates sound effects and adds them to film and TV images.

foliage /ˈfoʊliɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈfəʊliɪdʒ/ foliages n
listowie liść
The leaves of plants.

folivore /ˈfəʊlɪvɔː(ɹ)/ folivores n
liściożerca
(biology) A herbivore that eats mostly foliage.

folivorous adj
liściożerny
(zoology) Eating leaves.

folk /foʊk/ /foʊlk/ /fəʊk/ adj
ludowy
(architecture) Of or related to local building materials and styles.
ludowy popularny zwyczajowy
Believed or transmitted by the common people; not academically correct or rigorous.

folk /foʊk/ /foʊlk/ /fəʊk/ folks n
lud
The inhabitants of a region, especially the native inhabitants.

folk dance folk dances n
taniec ludowy
Any dance traditionally performed by the common people of a specific region.

folk etymology folk etymologies n
etymologia ludowa etymologia popularna etymologia potoczna pseudoetymologia
A misunderstanding of the etymology of a word based on an inexpert analysis; an etymology that incorrectly explains the origin of a word based on the inadequate judgement of a common speaker of the language instead of etymological expertise.

folk medicine /ˌfoʊk ˈmɛdəs(ə)n/ /ˌfəʊk ˈmɛd(ɪ)s(ɪ)n/ folk medicines n
medycyna tradycyjna
(uncountable) Traditional medical practices developed and used by non-physicians, typically involving customary homespun techniques and medicinal remedies derived from native plants.

folk music folk musics n
muzyka ludowa
Any genre of music originating from the ethnic community of a specific region, often passed down through oral tradition, without recorded songwriters and possessing a clear purpose or social function.
folk muzyka ludowa
Any contemporary music in the style of traditional folk music, especially a specific genre of originally American popular music that draws on Anglo-American musical forms.

folk song folk songs n
piosenka ludowa
(music) A song, in any folk style, originating among ordinary people, usually non-professional musicians, and handed down by oral tradition.

folklore /ˈfoʊk.lɔːɹ/ /ˈfəʊk.lɔː/ folklores n
folklor tradycja ludowa
The tales, legends, superstitions, and traditions of a particular ethnic population.

folklorism n
folkloryzm
Invention or adaptation of folklore; including any use of a tradition outside the cultural context in which it was created.

folklorist folklorists n
folklorysta folklorystka
A person who studies or collects folklore

folkloristics n
folklorystyka
The formal academic study of folklore.

folktale folktales n
bajka ludowa
A tale or story that is part of the oral tradition of a people or a place.

follicle /ˈfɒlɪk(ə)l/ follicles n
cebulka mieszek pęcherzyk torebka woreczek
(anatomy) A small cavity or sac, such as a hair follicle.
mieszek
(botany) A type of primitive dry fruit produced by certain flowering plants.

follow /ˈfɑloʊ/ /ˈfɒləʊ/ v
iść za pójść za wykonać śledzić
(ambitransitive) To go after; to pursue; to move behind in the same path or direction, especially with the intent of catching.
iść za następować pójść za śledzić
(ambitransitive) To go or come after in a sequence.
wyznawać
(transitive) To live one's life according to (religion, teachings, etc).
nadążać
(transitive) To understand, to pay attention to.
śledzić
(transitive) To watch, to keep track of (reports of) some event or person.
wynikać
(ambitransitive) To be a logical consequence of something.

follow in someone's footsteps v
iść w czyjeś ślady pójść w czyjeś ślady
(figuratively) To follow the same path as someone; to take actions similar to another's.

follow suit v
iść za przykładem naśladować pójść za przykładem
(idiomatic) To follow an example; to imitate or copy the actions of another.

followed by conjunction
a następnie
and then, and after that.

follower /ˈfɒləʊə(ɹ)/ followers n
wyznawca
One who follows mentally, adherer to the opinions, ideas or teachings of another, a movement etc.

following /ˈfɑloʊɪŋ/ /ˈfɒləʊɪŋ/ adj
następny następujący
Coming next, either in sequence or in time.

following /ˈfɑloʊɪŋ/ /ˈfɒləʊɪŋ/ preposition
automatem automatycznie w ślad za z automatu
After, subsequent to.

folly /ˈfɑli/ /ˈfɒli/ follies n
głupota
Foolishness that results from a lack of foresight or lack of practicality.

fond /fɑnd/ /fɒnd/ v
lubić
(obsolete) To have a foolish affection for, to be fond of.

fondant /fɒnˈdɒnt/ /fɒ̃ˈdɒ̃/ /fɔ̃ˈdɒ̃/ /ˈfɒndənt/ fondants n
pomadka
(usually, uncountable) A flavored, creamy sugar preparation, used for icing cakes or as a base for candies.

fondue /fɑnˈdu/ /ˈfɒnduː/ fondues n
fondue
A dish made of melted cheese, or chocolate etc., or of a boiling liquid into which food can be dipped.

fonio /ˈfəʊnjəʊ/ n
palusznik afrykański
Digitaria exilis, a cereal cultivated in western Africa; white fonio

font /fɑnt/ /fɒnt/ fonts n
chrzcielnica
(Christianity) A receptacle in a church for holy water, especially one used in baptism.
czcionka
In digital typesetting, a set of glyphs in a single style, representing one or more alphabets or writing systems, or the computer code representing it.
źródło
(figuratively) A source, wellspring, fount.
zbiornik
A receptacle for oil in a lamp.
czcionka font
(computing, typography) A computer file containing the code used to draw and compose the glyphs of one or more typographic fonts on a computer display or printer.

fontanelle fontanelles n
ciemiączko
(anatomy) A soft membraneous spot on the head of a baby due to incomplete fusion of the cranial bones.

food /fud/ /fuːd/ /fʏːd/ foods n
jedzenie żywność pożywienie jadło pica strawa
(uncountable) Any solid substance that can be consumed by living organisms, especially by eating, in order to sustain life.

food bowl food bowls n
miska
A bowl that is used to serve food, especially to pets.

food chain food chains n
łańcuch pokarmowy
The feeding relationships between species in a biotic community.

food poisoning food poisonings n
zatrucie pokarmowe
(pathology) Any food-borne disease, such as salmonella, which causes diarrhea, nausea, fever and abdominal cramps.

food processor food processors n
robot kuchenny
A small kitchen appliance for chopping or pureeing food.

food stamp food stamps n
kartka żywnościowa
A stamp or similar paper document (e.g. coupon) issued to be exchanged in shops or storage facilities for food, or (by extension) for other essential provisions, notably in a rationing system or as a non-financial form of welfare benefit.

food truck food trucks n
barobus barowóz
A van (or wagon) that serves as a restaurant kitchen to sell hot food to customers

food web /ˈfud wɛb/ /ˈfuːd wɛb/ food webs n
sieć pokarmowa sieć troficzna
(ecology) A diagram showing the organisms that eat other organisms in a particular ecosystem, predators being higher in the web than their prey.

foodshed foodsheds n
spichlerz
The region that produces the food for a particular population.

foodstuff /ˈfuːdˌstʌf/ foodstuffs n
artykuł żywnościowy
A material that may be used as food.

fool /fuːl/ /fʊu(l)/ fools n
głupiec bałwan głupek baran bęcwał dureń
(pejorative) A person with poor judgment or little intelligence.
błazen
(historical) A jester; a person whose role was to entertain a sovereign and the court (or lower personages).
(literature) A stock character typified by unintelligence, naïveté or lucklessness, usually as a form of comic relief; often used as a source of insight or pathos for the audience, as such characters are generally less bound by social expectations.
głupiec
(tarot, often, capitalized, _, Fool) A particular card in a tarot deck, representing a jester.

fool /fuːl/ /fʊu(l)/ v
oszukać
(archaic) To make a fool of; to make act the fool.

fool around v
wygłupiać
(intransitive, idiom) To engage in frivolous behaviour; to monkey around.

fool's errand fools' errands n
próżny wysiłek
(idiomatic) A foolish undertaking, especially one that is purposeless, fruitless, nonsensical, or certain to fail.

fool's mate fool's mates n
mat głupca mat szkolny mat żakowski
(chess) The quickest possible checkmate in the game of chess.

fool's parsley n
blekot

foolery /ˈfuːləɹi/ fooleries n
błazenada błazeństwo głupota
Foolish behaviour or speech.

foolish /ˈfuː.lɪʃ/ more foolish most foolish adj
głupi niemądry
(of a person, an action, etc.) Lacking good sense or judgement; unwise.

foolishness /ˈfuːlɪʃnəs/ foolishnesses n
głupota
(uncountable) The state of being foolish.
(countable) A thing or event that is foolish, or an absurdity.

foolproof /ˈfuːl ˌpɹuːf/ more foolproof most foolproof adj
idiotoodporny
(of a device) Protected against, or designed to be proof against, misuse or error.

foosball /ˈfuːsˌbɔːl/ /ˈfuːzˌbɔːl/ n
piłkarzyki trambambula
(chiefly, _, US, Canada) table soccer (US), table football (UK)

foot /fʊt/ [fɤt] [fɤ̈t̚] [fɵʔt] [fʉ̞ʔt] [fʊt] [fʊtʰ] [fʊt̚] [fʷʊt̚] feet foot n
stopa łapa
A biological structure found in many animals that is used for locomotion and that is frequently a separate organ at the terminal part of the leg.
(printing) The base of a piece of type, forming the sides of the groove.
(phonology) The parsing of syllables into prosodic constituents, which are used to determine the placement of stress in languages along with the notions of constituent heads.
stopa
The base or bottom of anything.
A short foot-like projection on the bottom of an object to support it.
(informal) Ellipsis of cubic foot. A unit of volume.
(informal) Ellipsis of square foot. A unit of area.
A unit of measure equal to twelve inches or one third of a yard, equal to exactly 30.48 centimetres.
(music) A unit of measure for organ pipes equal to the wavelength of two octaves above middle C, approximately 328 mm.
lik dolny
(nautical) The bottom edge of a sail.

foot /fʊt/ [fɤt] [fɤ̈t̚] [fɵʔt] [fʉ̞ʔt] [fʊt] [fʊtʰ] [fʊt̚] [fʷʊt̚] v
bulić
(transitive) To pay (a bill).

foot job foot jobs n
foot job
A sexual act where the genitalia are stimulated by someone's feet.

foot patrol foot patrols n
pieszy patrol

foot-and-mouth disease n
pryszczyca
(disease) A highly contagious and sometimes fatal viral disease that can affect animals with cloven hooves.

footage /ˈfʊtɪd͡ʒ/ footages n
materiał filmowy
(usually, uncountable) An amount of film or tape that has been used to record something.

footbag footbags n
zośka
(countable) A small beanbag or sandbag used as a ball in a number of sports and games. It is typically controlled by the feet, but in some sports every part of the body except the hands and arms may be used.

football /ˈfʊtboːl/ /ˈfʊtbɑl/ /ˈfʊtbɔl/ /ˈfʊtbɔːl/ [ˈfʊʔbɔːl] [ˈfʊʔtbɔɫ] [ˈfʊʔtʰbɔːl] [ˈfʊʔt̚bɔɫ] [ˈfʊʔt̚bɔːl] [ˈfʷʊʔt̚bɑɫ] footballs n
piłka nożna futbol
(UK, uncountable) Association football: a game in which two teams each contend to get a round ball into the other team's goal primarily by kicking the ball. Known as soccer in Canada, the United States, Australia, Ireland, and New Zealand.
(countable) The ball used in any game called "football".
futbol australijski
(Australia, Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia, Tasmania, Northern Territory, southern New South Wales ) Australian rules football.
piłka nożna
(uncountable) Practice of these particular games, or techniques used in them.

footballer /ˈfʊtbɔːlə/ /ˈfʊtbɔːləɹ/ footballers n
piłkarz piłkarka nożna piłkarz nożny
(soccer, UK) One who plays association football.

footbath /ˈfʊtbæθ/ /ˈfʊtbɑːθ/ footbaths n
brodzik
A small basin or bath designed for soaking or washing the feet.

footboard footboards n
podnóżek
A board or small raised platform on which to support or rest the feet, such as that found in a carriage.

footbridge footbridges n
kładla
A bridge over a road, railway, river, etc for pedestrians.

footer /ˈfʊtə(ɹ)/ footers n
stopka
(computing) A line of information printed at the bottom of a page to identify the contents or number pages. (Compare foot in printing.)

footfall /-ˌfɑl/ /ˈfʊtfɔːl/ /ˈfʊtˌfɔl/ footfalls n
tupot
(countable) The sound made by a footstep; also, the footstep or step itself.

footnote /ˈfʊtˌnoʊt/ /ˈfʊtˌnəʊt/ footnotes n
przypis
A short piece of text, often numbered, placed at the bottom of a printed page, that adds a comment, citation, reference etc, to a designated part of the main text.

footpath /ˈfʊtˌpæθ/ /ˈfʊtˌpɑːθ/ footpaths n
dróżka ścieżka
Any set path or trail to be used by people walking.

footprint /ˈfʊtpɹɪnt/ footprints n
ślad odbicie odcisk
The impression of the foot in a soft substance such as sand or snow.

footsie /ˈfʊtsi/ footsies n
flirt ze stopami
A flirting game where two people touch their feet together, under a table or otherwise concealed, as a romantic prelude.

footstool /ˈfʊtˌstuːl/ footstools n
podnóżek
A low stool for supporting the feet while seated.

footwear footwears n
obuwie
Items or an item of clothing that is worn on the foot; a shoe, sandal, etc.

footwrap footwraps n
onuca
A strip of cloth worn around the feet before the wide availability of socks or to avoid chafing, absorb sweat and improve the foothold.

foppish /ˈfɒp.ɪʃ/ more foppish most foppish adj
dandysowaty gogusiowaty lalusiowaty
Like a fop, a man overly concerned with his appearance; vain and showy.

for /foː(ɹ)/ /fɔɹ/ /fɔː(ɹ)/ /fɘ(ɹ)/ /fə/ /fəɹ/ conjunction
gdyż dlatego że albowiem
(formal, literary) Because.

for /foː(ɹ)/ /fɔɹ/ /fɔː(ɹ)/ /fɘ(ɹ)/ /fə/ /fəɹ/ preposition
do ku na
Towards; in the direction of.
dla
Directed at; intended to belong to.
za
Supporting, in favour of.
In the role or capacity of; instead of; in place of.
o
In order to obtain or acquire.

for God's sake interjection
na Boga na litość boską na miłość boską rany boskie
An exclamation of anger, surprise, or impatience.

for a change
dla odmiany
(idiomatic) As a departure from the usual.

for a song
za bezcen za grosze za półdarmo
(idiomatic) For a very low price; very cheaply.

for all intents and purposes
na dobrą sprawę
For every functional purpose; in every practical sense; in every important respect

for all someone cares phraseologicalUnit
nie obchodzić kogoś
expresses that someone does not care at all about some hypothetical situation becoming reality

for better or worse
na dobre i na złe
No matter what the future may hold (no matter whether it is good or bad).

for ever and ever adv
na wieki wieków
(Bible, Christian liturgy) Eternally; timelessly; with no beginning and no end.

for example
na przykład bodaj
(conjunctive) As an example.

for free
za darmo bezpłatnie darmo gratis darmowo nieodpłatnie
Without paying; free.

for fuck's sake
do chuja pana do kurwy nędzy do pizdy nędzy
(idiomatic, colloquial, vulgar) An expression of anger or frustration.

for good /fə ˈɡʊd/ /fəɹ ˈɡʊd/
na dobre
(idiomatic) In a way that is conclusive and final.

for good measure
na dobitkę na dodatek na dokładkę
(idiomatic) In excess of the minimum required; added as an extra.

for kicks
dla beki

for life
na całe życie
For the rest of a person's life.

for nothing adv
na marne za darmo
For free.

for now
na razie
At the moment; until later.

for old times' sake
po starej znajomości

for one thing
po pierwsze
(sequence) Used to introduce the first item in a possible sequence

for real adv
autentyk
Genuinely, truly.

for sale
na sprzedaż
Being offered for purchase.

for shame interjection
wstydź się!
You should be ashamed of yourself!

for short
w skrócie
As an abbreviated form.

for show
dla bajeru

for some reason adv
nie wiedzieć czemu

for starters adv
na dzień dobry
(informal) As an initial point; before any other considerations.

for sure
na pewno
Definitely, positively, without a doubt.

for that matter
jeśli o to chodzi
(idiomatic) as far as that is concerned.

for the birds adj
do bani

for the life of one
za Boga za skarby świata
(colloquial, only with a negative) Even if one's (own) life depended on it; at all.

for the most part adv
przeważnie
(idiomatic) Mostly; in general; usually.

for the record
żeby nie było
For the purpose of being recorded, especially when already known.

for the sake of
dla na
Because of; out of consideration for; in the interest of.

for the time being adv
chwilowo na razie póki co
(idiomatic) Temporarily; for now; until later; until the situation changes; in an indefinite period of time.

for want of preposition
z braku

for what it's worth
żeby nie było
Considering what limited worth this advice, opinion, or suggestion might have for you; used to soften the presentation of unsolicited advice or information that may not be relevant.

for your information
dla twojej wiadomości do twojej wiadomości
(colloquial) Used to introduce a rebuttal to the interlocutor's previous statement, especially when the statement angered or offended the speaker.

for-profit adj
komercyjny
(of an organization) For the purpose of making money, especially in relation to an organisation that was not formerly, or is not usually, run to make money.

foray /ˈfɒɹ.eɪ/ /ˈfɔɹ.eɪ/ /ˈfɔɹ.æɪ/ forays n
najazd napad wypad
A sudden or irregular incursion in border warfare; hence, any irregular incursion for war or spoils; a raid.

forbid /fəˈbɪd/ /fɚˈbɪd/ v
zakazać zabraniać zakazywać zabronić odmawiać odmówić
(transitive) To disallow; to proscribe.

forbidden /fəˈbɪdn̩/ /fɚˈbɪdn̩/ more forbidden most forbidden adj
zabroniony zakazany wzbroniony
Not allowed; specifically disallowed.

forbidden fruit forbidden fruits n
zakazany owoc
(biblical) The fruit forbidden to Adam.
(idiomatic) Illicit pleasure.

forbidden fruit is the sweetest proverb
owoc zakazany jest najsłodszy zakazany owoc smakuje najlepiej
Forbidden things seem more appealing; people desire things more if (or, in some way, because) they can't have them.

forbidding /fəˈbɪdɪŋ/ /fɚˈbɪdɪŋ/ more forbidding most forbidding adj
nieprzyjazny
Appearing to be threatening, unfriendly or potentially unpleasant.

force /fo(ː)ɹs/ /foəs/ /fɔɹs/ /fɔːs/ [fo̞ɹs] forces n
siła
Strength or energy of body or mind; active power; vigour; might; capacity of exercising an influence or producing an effect.
Power exerted against will or consent; compulsory power; violence; coercion.
(countable, physics) A physical quantity that denotes ability to push, pull, twist or accelerate a body and which has a direction and is measured in a unit dimensioned in mass × distance/time² (ML/T²): SI: newton (N); CGS: dyne (dyn)
(uncountable) The ability to attack, control, or constrain.
siła moc
(countable) Anything that is able to make a substantial change in a person or thing.
siły
(countable) A group that aims to attack, control, or constrain.
moc siła
(legal) Legal validity.

force /fo(ː)ɹs/ /foəs/ /fɔɹs/ /fɔːs/ [fo̞ɹs] v
zmuszać zmusić
(archaic) To put in force; to cause to be executed; to make binding; to enforce.
(archaic) To provide with forces; to reinforce; to strengthen by soldiers; to man; to garrison.

force majeure /-mə-/ /ˌfoɹs mɑˈʒɜɹ/ /ˌfɔːs mæˈʒɜː/ forces majeures n
siła wyższa
An overwhelming force. [from late 19th c.]
(law) An unavoidable circumstance, especially one that prevents someone from fulfilling a legal (usually contractual) obligation.

force of habit forces of habit n
siła przyzwyczajenia
(idiomatic) an act that has been repeated to the point where the performance of the act becomes automatic

force of nature forces of nature n
siła natury
A mighty natural force which is beyond human control, notably if potentially catastrophic, such as the elements (e.g. storms and extreme temperatures) or geological (e.g. seismic and volcanic) activity.
(figuratively) A thing or person that exhibits qualities which appear to be beyond outside control.

force one's way v
przepchać się przepychać się

forced labor n
praca przymusowa
(American spelling) Work which one is compelled to perform against one's will, especially in a condition of involuntary servitude as a prisoner or slave.

forced landing forced landings n
przymusowe lądowanie

forced march forced marches n
forsowny marsz
(military) A movement on foot by soldiers or prisoners of war, who must, in order to satisfy a military requirement, travel at a speed or in adverse conditions that would normally tire them excessively.

forced perspective n
wymuszona perspektywa
An optical illusion in which an object appears of a different size or distance away than it actually is.

forceps /ˈfoɹsɛps/ /ˈfɔ(ː)ɹsɛps/ /ˈfɔːsəps/ /ˈfɔːsɛps/ forceps forcepses forcipes n
kleszcze szczypce
An instrument used in surgery or medical procedures for grasping and holding objects, similar to tongs or pincers.

forcibly /ˈfɔːsəbli/ adv
na siłę przemocą siłą
In a forcible manner, by force, against one's will.
In a forcible manner, with force, with powerful effect, powerfully, strongly.

ford /fo(ː)ɹd/ /foəd/ /fɔɹd/ /fɔːd/ fords n
bród
A location where a stream is shallow and the bottom has good footing, making it possible to cross from one side to the other with no bridge, by walking, riding, or driving through the water; a crossing.

ford /fo(ː)ɹd/ /foəd/ /fɔɹd/ /fɔːd/ v
przeprawić
To cross a stream using a ford.

fore /fo(ː)ɹ/ /foə/ /fɔɹ/ /fɔː/ foremost former adj
przedni
Forward; situated towards the front (of something). [from 16th c.]

forearm /ˈfɔɹˌɑɹm/ /ˈfɔːˌɹɑːm/ /ˌfɔɹˈɑɹm/ /ˌfɔːˈɹɑːm/ forearms n
przedramię
The part of the arm between the wrist and the elbow.

forebrain forebrains n
przodomózgowie
(neuroanatomy) The anterior part of the brain, including the cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus.

forecast /ˈfɔɹkæst/ /ˈfɔːkɑːst/ forecasts n
prognoza zapowiedź
An estimation of a future condition.

forecast /ˈfɔɹkæst/ /ˈfɔːkɑːst/ v
przepowiadać przepowiedzieć
To estimate how something will be in the future.

forecaster forecasters n
prognosta prognozer
A person who forecasts.

forecastle /ˈfoɹ.kæ.səl/ /ˈfoʊk.səl/ forecastles n
forkasztel
(nautical) A raised part of the upper deck at the front of a ship.

foreclosure foreclosures n
zajęcie
(legal) The proceeding, by a creditor, to regain property or other collateral following a default on mortgage payments.

foredeck foredecks n
pokład dziobowy
The part of the deck of a ship or boat that lies forward of the mast

forefather /ˈfɔɹˌfɑːðɚ/ /ˈfɔːˌfɑːðə/ forefathers n
przodek antenat
ancestor

forefinger /ˈfɔɹˌfɪŋ.ɡɚ/ /ˈfɔːˌfɪŋ.ɡə/ forefingers n
palec wskazujący
(human, _, anatomy) The index finger: the first finger next to the thumb.

foregoing /ˌfɔː(ɹ)ˈɡəʊ.ɪŋ/ adj
powyższy uprzedni
Occurring before or in front of something else, in time, place, rank or sequence.

foregone conclusion foregone conclusions n
rezultat przesądzony z góry
A predictable or inevitable conclusion, or one made without any consideration.

forehand /fɔːhænd/ /fɔːɹhænd/ forehands n
forhend
(racket sports) A stroke in which the palm of the hand faces the direction of the stroke.

forehead /ˈfɑɹɪd/ /ˈfɒɹɛd/ /ˈfɒɹɪd/ /ˈfɔɹɛd/ /ˈfɔɹɪd/ /ˈfɔɹˌhɛd/ /ˈfɔː(ɹ)hɛd/ /ˈfɔːɹɛd/ foreheads n
czoło
(countable) The part of the face above the eyebrows and below the hairline.

foreign /ˈfɑɹɪn/ /ˈfɒɹən/ /ˈfɒɹɪn/ /ˈfɔɹən/ /ˈfɔɹɪn/ more foreign most foreign adj
zagraniczny cudzoziemski obcy
Located outside a country or place, especially one's own.
cudzoziemski zagraniczny obcy
Originating from, characteristic of, belonging to, or being a citizen of a country or place other than the one under discussion.
obcy
Relating to a different nation.
Not characteristic of or naturally taken in by an organism or system.
(with to, formerly with from) Alien; strange.

foreign affairs n
sprawy zagraniczne
Policy of a government in dealing with other countries or with activities overseas.

foreign country foreign countries n
zagranica
Any country of which one is not a citizen. (This entry is a translation hub.)

foreign currency foreign currencies n
dewizy waluta zagraniczna
(banking, finance) Any currency that is in use in a foreign nation, and an authorized medium of circulation and the basis for record-keeping in that nation.

foreign debt foreign debts n
dług zewnętrzny
(countable, finance) A debt that a country, an organization in a country, or a resident individual in a country owes to those in other countries.

foreign exchange foreign exchanges n
wymiana walut
The exchange of currency from one country for currency from another country.

foreign language foreign languages n
język obcy
A language that is not widely or officially spoken in a particular place.

foreign minister foreign ministers n
minister spraw zagranicznych
The cabinet official in charge of relationships with foreign nations.

foreign trade n
handel zagraniczny
Trade between a country and other countries.

foreigner /ˈfɑɹ.ɪ.nɚ/ /ˈfɒɹ.ɪ.nə(ɹ)/ /ˈfɔɹ.ɪ.nɚ/ foreigners n
cudzoziemiec obcokrajowiec cudzoziemka
A person from a foreign country.

foreknow /ˌfɔɹˈnoʊ/ /ˌfɔːˈnəʊ/ v
wiedzieć z góry
To have knowledge of beforehand.

forelock forelocks n
grzywka
The part of a person's hairstyle which covers the forehead.
grzywa
The part of a horse's (or similar animal's) mane that lies on its forehead.

foreman /ˈfɔː(ɹ)mən/ foremen n
kierownik budowy majster
(management) The leader of a work crew.

foremast foremasts n
fokmaszt fok
(nautical) The mast nearest the bow, on a sailing ship with more than one mast or a non-sailing ship with any masts; the second-tallest mast on a full-rigged ship.

foremilk /ˈfɔːmɪlk/ foremilks n
młodziwo
The first milk drawn from a cow during milking; in humans, the milk secreted initially during breastfeeding, typically low in fat and rich in protein.

foremost /ˈfɔː.məʊst/ adj
czołowy
dziobowy
(nautical) Closest to the bow.

foremost /ˈfɔː.məʊst/ adv
głównie z przodu

foremother foremothers n
antenatka pramatka
A female ancestor.

forename /ˈfɔɹneɪm/ /ˈfɔːneɪm/ v
imię
To assign (someone) a first name.

forenoon /ˈfo(ː)ɹnuːn/ /ˈfoənuːn/ /ˈfɔɹnun/ /ˈfɔːnuːn/ forenoons n
przedpołudnie
the part of the day between sunrise and noon.

forensic /fəˈɹɛn.sɪk/ /fəˈɹɛn.zɪk/ adj
kryminalistyczny sądowy
Relating to the use of science and technology in the investigation and establishment of facts or evidence in a court of law.
sądowy
(dated) Relating to, or appropriate for, courts of law.
oratorski
(archaic) Relating to, or used in, debate or argument.

forensic medicine n
medycyna sądowa
The application of medical science to criminal investigation, especially in establishing the causes of injury or death.

forensic science forensic sciences n
kryminalistyka medycyna sądowa
Any of several fields of study involving the collection of physical evidence and its subsequent analysis.

foreplay /ˈfɔː(ɹ)pleɪ/ n
gra wstępna
In human sexual behavior, the acts at the beginning of a sexual encounter that serve to build up sexual arousal.

forerunner forerunners n
prekursor poprzednik
A precursor or harbinger, a warning ahead.

foresee /fɔɹˈsi/ /fɔːˈsiː/ v
przewidywać
To be able to see beforehand: to anticipate; predict.

foresight /ˈfo(ː)ɹsaɪt/ /ˈfoəsaɪt/ /ˈfɔɹsaɪt/ /ˈfɔːsaɪt/ foresights n
dalekowzroczność przezorność zapobiegliwość
The ability to foresee or prepare wisely for the future.
muszka
the front sight on a rifle or similar weapon

foreskin /ˈfo(ː)ɹskɪn/ /ˈfoəskɪn/ /ˈfɔɹskɪn/ /ˈfɔːskɪn/ foreskins n
napletek
(anatomy) The nerve-dense, retractable fold of skin which covers and protects the head of the penis in humans and some other animals.

forest /fɔɹst/ /ˈfɑɹ.ɪst/ /ˈfɒɹ.ɪst/ /ˈfɔɹ.ɪst/ n
las
A dense uncultivated tract of trees and undergrowth, larger than woods.
(graph theory) A graph with no cycles; i.e., a graph made up of trees.

forest /fɔɹst/ /ˈfɑɹ.ɪst/ /ˈfɒɹ.ɪst/ /ˈfɔɹ.ɪst/ v
las
(transitive) To cover an area with trees.

forest ranger forest rangers n
strażnik leśny

forester foresters n
leśnik
A person who practices forestry.

forestless adj
bezleśny

forestlessness n
bezlesie bezleśność

forestry /ˈfɑɹ.ɪst.ɹi/ /ˈfɒɹ.ɪst.ɹi/ forestries n
leśnictwo
(uncountable) The science of planting and growing trees in forests.
(uncountable) The art and practice of planting and growing trees in forests.

foretaste foretastes n
przedsmak
A sample taken in anticipation; an experience undergone in advance.

foretell /fɔɹˈtɛl/ [foː.ˈteɫ] [fɔɹ.ˈtɛɫ] [fɔː.ˈtɛɫ] v
przepowiadać przepowiedzieć
(ambitransitive) To predict; to tell (the future) before it occurs; to prophesy.

foreteller foretellers n
wróż wróżbiarz wróżbita
Someone who foretells.

forever /fəˈɹɛvə(ɹ)/ /fəˈɹɛvɚ/ [fɔɹˈɛvɚ] [fəˈɹɛvɚ] [fɚˈɛvɚ] adv
na zawsze po wsze czasy całą wieczność na zawżdy
(duration) For all time, for all eternity; for a lifetime; for an infinite amount of time.
cały czas
(frequency) Constantly or frequently.

forevermore /fɔːɹˈɛv.ɚ.mɔːɹ/ /fəˈɹɛv.ə.mɔː/ adv
na zawsze
At any or all times in the future; forever

forewarned is forearmed proverb
przezorny zawsze ubezpieczony
Advance awareness of a situation, especially a risky one, prepares one to deal with it.

foreword /ˈfɔɹwɚd/ /ˈfɔɹwɝd/ /ˈfɔːwɜːd/ forewords n
przedmowa przedsłowie
An introductory section preceding the main text of a book or other document; a preface or introduction.

forfeit /ˈfɔɹ.fɪt/ /ˈfɔː.fɪt/ v
stracić
To suffer the loss of something by wrongdoing or non-compliance
zrezygnować zrzec się
To be guilty of a misdeed; to be criminal; to transgress.

forfend /fɔɹˈfɛnd/ /fɔːˈfɛnd/ /fə-/ v
uniemożliwiać uniemożliwić zakazać zakazywać
(archaic) To prohibit; to forbid; to avert.

forge /fo(ː)ɹd͡ʒ/ /foəd͡ʒ/ /fɔɹd͡ʒ/ /fɔːd͡ʒ/ forges n
palenisko
A furnace or hearth where metals are heated prior to hammering them into shape.
kuźnia
A workshop in which metals are shaped by heating and hammering them.

forge /fo(ː)ɹd͡ʒ/ /foəd͡ʒ/ /fɔɹd͡ʒ/ /fɔːd͡ʒ/ v
kuć wykuć
(metallurgy) To shape a metal by heating and hammering.
posuwać się
(often as forge ahead) To move forward heavily and slowly (originally as a ship); to advance gradually but steadily; to proceed towards a goal in the face of resistance or difficulty.
fałszować podrabiać podrobić sfałszować
To create a forgery of; to make a counterfeit item of; to copy or imitate unlawfully.

forged /fɔːd͡ʒd/ /fɔːɹdʒd/ adj
fałszywy podrobiony
Fake (as documents); falsified.
kuty
Fabricated by forging or at a forge, by working hot metal

forger forgers n
fałszerz fałszerka
A person who creates forgeries, falsifies documents with intent to defraud, e.g. to create a false will or illicit copies of currency; counterfeiter.

forgery /ˈfɔː.dʒəɹ.ɪ/ /ˈfɔːɹ.d͡ʒəɹ.ɪ/ forgeries n
fałszowanie kucie podrabianie
The act of forging, fabricating, or producing falsely; especially the crime of fraudulently making or altering a writing or signature purporting to be made by another, the false making or material alteration of or addition to a written instrument for the purpose of deceit and fraud.
falsyfikat podróbka
That which is forged, fabricated, falsely devised or counterfeited.

forget /fɔɹˈɡɛt/ /fɔːˈɡɛt/ /fəˈɡɛt/ /fɚˈɡɛt/ v
zapomnieć zapominać
(transitive) To lose remembrance of.
(transitive) To unintentionally leave something behind.
zapominać zapomnieć
(transitive) To unintentionally not do, neglect.
(intransitive) To cease remembering.

forget it v
nieważne
It doesn't matter.
I don't want to continue with this conversation (usually used in frustration or anger).

forget-me-not /fəˈɡɛt.miːˌnɒt/ /fɚˈɡɛt.miˌnɑt/ forget-me-nots n
niezapominajka niezabudka
Any of the flowering plants of the genus Myosotis, mostly with a small five-petalled blue flower.

forgetful more forgetful most forgetful adj
zapominalski
Unable to remember things well; liable to forget.

forgetfulness /fəˈɡɛtfʊlnɪs/ forgetfulnesses n
amnezja niepamięć
The quality of being forgetful; proneness to let slip from the mind.

forgettable more forgettable most forgettable adj
mało pamiętny słabo zapadający w pamięć
Easily forgotten, unspecial

forgivable more forgivable most forgivable adj
wybaczalny
Able to be forgiven; worthy of forgiveness.

forgive /fɔː(ɹ)ˈɡɪv/ /fə(ɹ)ˈɡɪv/ /fɚˈɡɪv/ v
przebaczyć przebaczać darować darowywać odpuszczać odpuścić
(transitive) To pardon (someone); to waive any negative feeling towards or desire for punishment or retribution against.
(transitive) To pardon for (something); to waive any negative feeling over or retribution for.

forgiveness /fəˈɡɪvnəs/ /fɚˈɡɪvnəs/ forgivenesses n
przebaczenie wybaczenie odpuszczenie
The action of forgiving.

forgotten /fəˈɡɒt.n̩/ /fəˈɡʌt.n̩/ /fɚˈɡɑt.n̩/ /fɚˈɡʌt.n̩/ more forgotten most forgotten adj
zapomniany
Of which knowledge has been lost; which is no longer remembered.

forint /ˈfɒ.ɹɪnt/ /ˈfɔ.ɹɪnt/ forints n
forint
The basic unit of currency of Hungary; formerly subdivided into 100 fillér.

fork /foɹk/ /fɔ(ː)ɹk/ /fɔːk/ [fo̞ɹk] forks n
widelec widełki
Such a pronged tool having a long straight handle, generally for two-handed use, as used for digging, lifting, mucking, pitching, etc.
widły
Any of several types of pronged (tined) tools (physical tools), as follows:
rozwidlenie rozgałęzienie
(physical) An intersection in a road or path where one road is split into two.
rozwidlenie
(by abstraction, from the tool shape) A point where a waterway, such as a river or other stream, splits and flows into two (or more) different directions.
jednoczesny atak widelec
(chess) The simultaneous attack of two adversary pieces with one single attacking piece (especially a knight).

fork /foɹk/ /fɔ(ː)ɹk/ /fɔːk/ [fo̞ɹk] v
rozwidlać się rozwidlić się
(ambitransitive) To divide into two or more branches or copies.

fork in the road forks in the road n
rozdroże rozstaj
A junction in which one road becomes two divergent roads.

forked /fɔː(ɹ)kt/ adj
rozwidlony
That splits into two or more directions, or parts.

forklift forklifts n
wózek widłowy
A small industrial vehicle with a power-operated fork-like pronged platform that can be raised and lowered for insertion under a load, often on pallets, to be lifted and moved.

forkload forkloads n
gryz kęs

form /foɹm/ /fɔ(ː)ɹm/ /fɔːm/ [fo̞ɹm] forms n
forma
The shape or visible structure of a thing or person.
formularz blankiet
A blank document or template to be filled in by the user.

formal /ˈfɔɹməl/ /ˈfɔːməl/ more formal most formal adj
formalny
Being in accord with established forms.
oficjalny formalny
Official.

formal language formal languages n
język formalny
(computing theory) A set of finite strings (called words) made of symbols (from a finite set of symbols, called an alphabet).

formaldehyde /fɔː(ɹ)ˈmældɪhaɪd/ formaldehydes n
aldehyd mrówkowy formaldehyd metanal
(organic compound) The simplest aldehyde, HCHO, a colourless gas that has many industrial applications; it dissolves in water to give formol (10%) and formalin.

formalism /ˈfɔɹml̩ˌɪzm̩/ /ˈfɔːməlɪz(ə)m/ formalisms n
formalizm
(literature) An approach to interpretation and/or evaluation focused on the (usually linguistic) structure of a literary work rather than on the contexts of its origin or reception.
(linguistics, computing, mathematics) A formal expression of a grammar; a formal grammar; a set of rules of syntax that, without reference to semantics, determine whether a sequence of symbols is a well-formed sentence in a given formal language.

formalist /ˈfɔɹml̩ˌɪst/ formalists n
formalista formalistka
An overly formal person, especially one who adheres to current forms; a stickler
An advocate of formalism

formant /ˈfɔː(ɹ)mənt/ formants n
formant
(physics, phonetics) A band of frequencies, in a sound spectrum, that have a greater intensity; they determine the quality of a sound; especially the characteristic sounds of the consonants.
(linguistics) A morpheme occurring as an affix to a root or stem, forming an extended root or stem.

format /ˈfɔː(ɹ).mæt/ /ˈfɔːɹ.mæt/ formats n
format układ
The layout of a publication or document.

format /ˈfɔː(ɹ).mæt/ /ˈfɔːɹ.mæt/ v
formatować
To create or edit the layout of a document.
(computing) To prepare a mass storage medium for initial use, erasing any existing data in the process.

formate /ˈfɔː(ɹ)meɪt/ formates n
mrówczan
(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of formic acid.

formation /foːˈmæɪ.ʃən/ /fɔɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/ /fɔːˈmeɪ.ʃən/ formations n
formacja utworzenie
The act of assembling a group or structure. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]
formacja
Something possessing structure or form. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]
The process during which something comes into being and gains its characteristics. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]
(military) A grouping of military units or smaller formations under a command, such as a brigade, division, wing, etc. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]
(military) An arrangement of moving troops, ships, or aircraft, such as a wedge, line abreast, or echelon. Often "in formation".
The process of influencing or guiding a person to a deeper understanding of a particular vocation.

former /ˈfɔɹmɚ/ /ˈfɔːmə/ adj
były
Previous.
pierwszy
First of aforementioned two items. Used with the, often without a noun.

former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia pn
Była Jugosłowiańska Republika Macedonii
A provisional designation (because of a naming dispute with Greece) formerly used by many international organizations to refer to the Republic of North Macedonia, a country on the Balkan Peninsula. (Abbreviated FYROM.)

formerly /ˈfɔɹmɚli/ /ˈfɔːməli/ /ˈfɔːmərli/ adv
na przodzie przedtem
at some time in the past

formicarium formicaria formicariums n
formikarium
A vivarium used for the study of ants and ant colonies.

formicivore formicivores n
mrówkożerca
(zoology) Any organism that feeds on ants.

formidable /fɔːɹˈmɪdəbəl/ /fɔːˈmɪdəbəl/ /fəˈmɪdəbəl/ /ˈfɔːɹmɪdəbəl/ more formidable most formidable adj
groźny
Causing fear, dread, awe, or discouragement as a result of size, strength, or some other impressive feature; commanding respect; causing wonder or astonishment.

formless /ˈfɔːmləs/ more formless most formless adj
bezkształtny bezpostaciowy
Without form; shapeless.

formlessly more formlessly most formlessly adv
bezkształtnie
In a formless manner

formlessness formlessnesses n
amorficzność bezkształt bezkształtność bezpostaciowość magmowatość
The quality of being formless.

formula /ˈfɔɹ.mjə.lə/ /ˈfɔː.mjʊ.lə/ formulae formulas formulæ n
wzór
(mathematics) Any mathematical rule expressed symbolically.
wzór wzór chemiczny
(chemistry) A symbolic expression of the structure of a compound.

formulate /ˈfɔː(ɹ)mjʊleɪt/ v
sformułować formułować
(transitive) To put into a clear and definite form of statement or expression.

formwise adv
pod względem formy

fornicate /ˈfɔɹ.nɪ.kət/ /ˈfɔɹ.nɪˌkeɪt/ /ˈfɔː.nɪ.kət/ /ˈfɔː.nɪˌkeɪt/ v
cudzołożyć
(intransitive) To engage in fornication.

fornication /ˌfɔɹnɪˈkeɪʃən/ fornications n
rozpusta
(religion, law) Sexual intercourse by people who are not married to each other, or which is considered illicit in another way.

fornix /ˈfɔː(ɹ).nɪks/ fornices n
sklepienie
The vaulted upper part of the vagina surrounding the uterine cervix.

forsake /fɔɹˈseɪk/ /fɔːˈseɪk/ /fə-/ v
opuścić porzucić
(transitive) To abandon, to give up, to leave (permanently), to renounce (someone or something).

forsooth /fɔɹˈsuθ/ adv
zaiste
(archaic, or, poetic) Used as an intensifier, often ironic: indeed, really, truthfully.

forsythia forsythias n
forsycja
Any of several shrubs, of the genus Forsythia, native to Asia and Eastern Europe, that are cultivated for their yellow flowers, which bloom in early spring.

fort /fo(ː)ɹt/ /foət/ /fɔɹt/ /fɔːt/ forts n
fort
A fortified defensive structure stationed with troops.
Any permanent army post.

forte /foɹt/ /fɔːt/ /ˈfoɹ.teɪ/ /ˈfoɹti/ /ˈfoːɹt/ /ˈfɔː(ɹ)t/ /ˈfɔːteɪ/ /ˈfɔːti/ fortes n
mocna strona
A strength or talent.

forth /fo(ː)ɹθ/ /foəθ/ /fɔɹθ/ /fɔːθ/ adv
naprzód
Forward in time, place or degree.

forthwith /-ˈwɪθ/ /fɔɹθˈwɪθ/ /fɔːθˈwɪð/ /ˈfɔɹθˌwɪθ/ adv
niezwłocznie
(chiefly, formal, literary) Without delay; immediately. [from early 14th c.]

forties n
lata 40. lata czterdzieste
The decade of the 1840s, 1940s, etc.

fortieth /ˈfɔɹ.ti.əθ/ /ˈfɔː.ti.əθ/ adj
czterdziesty
The ordinal form of the number forty.

fortification /ˌfɔː(ɹ)tɪfəˈkeɪʃən/ /ˌfɔː(ɹ)tɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ fortifications n
fortyfikacja umocnienie
The act of fortifying; the art or science of fortifying places to strengthen defence against an enemy.
That which fortifies; especially, a work or works erected to defend a place against attack; a fortified place; a fortress; a fort; a castle.

fortified /ˈfɔɹtɪfaɪd/ /ˈfɔːtɪfaɪd/ more fortified most fortified adj
ufortyfikowany
Having strong defenses.

fortify /ˈfɔɹtəˌfaɪ/ /ˈfɔːtɪfaɪ/ [-ɾə-] v
umocnić
To increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.), or put (it or them) in a defensive position.

fortitude /ˈfɔːtɪtjuːd/ fortitudes n
hart
Mental or emotional strength that enables courage in the face of adversity.

fortnight /ˈfɔɹt.naɪt/ /ˈfɔɹt.nɪt/ /ˈfɔːt.naɪt/ fortnights n
dwa tygodnie
(chiefly, UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, dated) A period of 2 weeks.

fortnightly adj
dwutygodniowy
Occurring once in a fortnight; once every two weeks.

fortnightly adv
co dwa tygodnie
once in a fortnight; once every two weeks

fortnightly fortnightlies n
dwutygodnik
A publication issued fortnightly (once every two weeks).

fortochka /ˈfɔːtət͡ʃkə/ fortochkas n
lufcik oberluft wietrznik wywietrzak wywietrznik
A small ventilation window, spanning the frame of one window pane, that opens on hinges independently of the whole window, common in Russia, other post-Soviet states and Finland.

fortress /ˈfoɹ.tɹəs/ /ˈfoɹ.tɹɪs/ /ˈfɔ(ː)ɹ.tɹəs/ /ˈfɔː.tɹəs/ fortresses n
forteca twierdza warownia
A fortified place; a large and permanent fortification, sometimes including a town; for example a fort, a castle; a stronghold; a place of defense or security.

fortuitously more fortuitously most fortuitously adv
przypadkiem przypadkowo
In a fortuitous manner; in a manner of happening by chance; coincidentally; accidentally.

fortunate /ˈfɔɹ.t͡ʃə.nət/ /ˈfɔɹ.t͡ʃə.nɪt/ /ˈfɔɹt͡ʃ.nət/ /ˈfɔɹt͡ʃ.nɪt/ /ˈfɔː.t͡ʃə.nət/ /ˈfɔː.t͡ʃə.nɪt/ more fortunate most fortunate adj
fortunny
Happening by good luck or favorable chance.

fortunately /ˈfɔɹt͡ʃənɪtli/ /ˈfɔːt͡ʃənɪtli/ more fortunately most fortunately adv
szczęśliwie
In a fortunate manner.
na szczęście
It is (or was, etc) fortunate that.

fortune /-t͡ʃən/ /ˈfoɹt͡ʃun/ /ˈfɔːt͡ʃuːn/ fortunes n
fortuna
Destiny, especially favorable.
szczęście
Good luck.
fortuna bogactwo zamożność
A large amount of money.

fortune favors the bold proverb
śmiałym szczęście sprzyja
Luck is usually on the side of those who take chances and risks.

fortune-teller /-t͡ʃən ˈtɛlɚ/ /ˈfoɹt͡ʃun ˈtɛlɚ/ /ˈfɔːt͡ʃuːn ˈtɛlə/ fortune-tellers n
wróż wróżbiarz wróżbita jasnowidz wróżka
A person who professes to predict the future in return for money.

forty /fɔːtiː/ /ˈfɔɹti/ [ˈfɑɹɾij] [ˈfɔɹɾi] numeral
czterdzieści
The cardinal number occurring after thirty-nine and before forty-one.

forty-eight numeral
czterdzieści osiem
The cardinal number immediately following forty-seven and preceding forty-nine.

forty-five /ˌfɔɹtiˈfaɪv/ /ˌfɔːtiˈfaɪv/ numeral
czterdzieści pięć
Cardinal number after forty-four and before forty-six.

forty-four numeral
czterdzieści cztery
The cardinal number immediately following forty-three and preceding forty-five.

forty-nine numeral
czterdzieści dziewięć
The cardinal number immediately following forty-eight and preceding fifty.

forty-one numeral
czterdzieści jeden
The cardinal number immediately following forty and preceding forty-two.

forty-seven numeral
czterdzieści siedem
The cardinal number immediately following forty-six and preceding forty-eight.

forty-six numeral
czterdzieści sześć
The cardinal number immediately following forty-five and preceding forty-seven.

forty-three numeral
czterdzieści trzy
The cardinal number immediately following forty-two and preceding forty-four.

forty-two numeral
czterdzieści dwa
Forty plus two; the cardinal number following forty-one and preceding forty-three.

fortysomething fortysomethings n
czterdziestolatek czterdziestolatka
(countable, colloquial) A person between 40 and 49 years old.

forum /ˈfoːɹəm/ /ˈfɔɹəm/ /ˈfɔːɹəm/ fora forums n
forum
A place for discussion.
A gathering for the purpose of discussion; a symposium.
A form of discussion involving a panel of presenters and often participation by members of the audience.
(Internet) An Internet message board where users can post messages regarding one or more topics of discussion.

forum selection clause forum selection clauses n
umowa dotycząca jurysdykcji umowa jurysdykcyjna
A contractual provision determining the territorial (or less often only international, or subject matter) jurisdiction for a legal dispute concerning a concrete legal relationship.

forward /foːd/ /ˈfoʊwəɹd/ /ˈfoːwəd/ /ˈfɔɹwəɹd/ /ˈfɔɹəɹd/ /ˈfɔːwəd/ further forward furthest forward adv
naprzód do przodu
(nautical) At, near, or towards the bow of a vessel (with the frame of reference within the vessel).

forward /foːd/ /ˈfoʊwəɹd/ /ˈfoːwəd/ /ˈfɔɹwəɹd/ /ˈfɔɹəɹd/ /ˈfɔːwəd/ forwards n
napastnik
(soccer) A player on a team in football (soccer) in the row nearest to the opposing team's goal, who are therefore principally responsible for scoring goals.

forwarding forwardings n
wysyłka
The act by which something is forwarded.

fossa /ˈfuː.sə/ /ˈfɑ.sə/ /ˈfɒ.sə/ /ˈfɔ.sə/ /ˈfʊ.sə/ fossas n
fossa
A large nocturnal reddish-brown catlike mammal (Cryptoprocta ferox) of the civet family, endemic to the rainforests of Madagascar. It is slender, long-tailed and has retractile claws and anal scent glands.

fossil /ˈfɑsl̩/ /ˈfɒsl̩/ fossils n
skamieniałość
The mineralized remains of an animal or plant.
(figuratively) Anything extremely old, extinct, or outdated.

fossil fuel fossil fuels n
paliwo kopalne
Any fuel derived from hydrocarbon deposits such as coal, petroleum, natural gas and, to some extent, peat; these fuels are non-renewable, and their burning moves carbon from underground into the atmosphere via the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide.

fossilize /ˈfɒs.ɪl.aɪz/ /ˈfɒsl̩aɪz/ v
kostnieć skostnieć
(intransitive) to become a fossil

fossilized adj
skostniały
In a state of fossilization; preserved in rock

foster child foster children n
wychowanek wychowaniec wychowanica wychowanka
A child in foster care.

foster parent foster parents n
rodzic zastępczy
An adult who cares for a child who has been placed in foster care.

fougasse fougasses n
fugas
An old-fashioned type of land mine, in the form of a foxhole filled with explosives or projectiles.

foul /faʊl/ fouls n
faul
(sports) A breach of the rules of a game, especially one involving inappropriate contact with an opposing player in order to gain an advantage; for example, tripping someone up in soccer, or contact of any kind in basketball.

foul-mouthed more foul-mouthed most foul-mouthed adj
niewyparzony
Tending to use obscene or offensive language.

foulmouth foulmouths n
niewyparzona buzia niewyparzona gęba niewyparzona morda niewyparzony jęzor niewyparzony język niewyparzony pysk
A foul-mouthed person; one who uses obscene language.

found /faʊnd/ v
zakładać założyć
To start (an institution or organization).
budować stworzyć tworzyć zbudować
To begin building.

foundation /faʊnˈdeɪʃən/ [faʊ̯nˈdeɪ̯ʃn̩] foundations n
ufundowanie założenie
The act of founding, fixing, establishing, or beginning to erect.
fundament
That upon which anything is founded; that on which anything stands, and by which it is supported; the lowest and supporting layer of a superstructure; underbuilding.
(architecture) The lowest and supporting part or member of a wall, including the base course and footing courses; in a frame house, the whole substructure of masonry.
fundacja
A donation or legacy appropriated to support a charitable institution, and constituting a permanent fund; endowment.
That which is founded, or established by endowment; an endowed institution or charity.
podkład
(cosmetics) Cosmetic cream roughly skin-colored, designed to make the face appear uniform in color and texture.

founder /ˈfaʊn.də/ /ˈfaʊn.dɚ/ founders n
założyciel fundator założycielka fundatorka
One who founds or establishes (a company, project, organisation, state, etc.).

founder effect founder effects n
efekt założyciela
(genetics, evolutionary theory) A reduction in genetic diversity resulting when a population is descended from a small number of colonising ancestors.

founding /ˈfaʊndɪŋ/ foundings n
założenie
The establishment of something.

founding father founding fathers n
ojciec założyciel
A man who founded something.

founding member founding members n
państwo założycielskie
(US) A member of an organization that was involved in, or whose membership commenced with, the organization's foundation.

founding mother /ˌfaʊndɪŋ ˈmʌðə/ /ˌfaʊndɪŋ ˈmʌðɚ/ founding mothers n
założycielka
A woman who founded (established or started) something.

foundling foundlings n
znajda
An abandoned child, left by its parent(s), often a baby left at a convent or similar safe place.

foundry /ˈfaʊn.dɹi/ foundries n
odlewnia gisernia
A facility that melts metals in special furnaces and pours the molten metal into molds to make products. Foundries are usually specified according to the type of metal dealt with: iron foundry, brass foundry, etc.

fountain /ˈfaʊn.tn̩/ [ˈfaʊn.ʔn̩] fountains n
fontanna wodotrysk
An artificial, usually ornamental, water feature (usually in a garden or public place) consisting of one or more streams of water originating from a statue or other structure.

fountain of youth fountains of youth n
fontanna młodości
(idiomatic) Anything reputed to have the power to restore health and vitality or to restore a youthful appearance.

fountain pen fountain pens n
wieczne pióro pióro
A pen containing a reservoir of ink, which is fed to a writing nib automatically.

four /fo(ː)ɹ/ /foə/ /foʊ/ /foː/ /fɔɹ/ /fɔː/ fours n
czwórka cztery
(countable) The digit or figure 4; an occurrence thereof.
czterolatek czterolatka
A person who is four years old.

four /fo(ː)ɹ/ /foə/ /foʊ/ /foː/ /fɔɹ/ /fɔː/ numeral
cztery czworo
A numerical value equal to 4; the number after three and before five; two plus two. This many dots (••••)
czwórka
Describing a set or group with four elements.

four hundred /ˈfoʊɹ ˈhʌn.dɹəd/ /ˈfɔː ˈhʌn.dɹəd/ /ˈfɔː ˈhʌn.dɹɪd/ /ˈfɔːɹ ˈhʌn.dɹɪd/ numeral
czterysta
The cardinal number occurring after three hundred ninety-nine and before four hundred one, represented in Arabic numerals as 400.

four o'clock n
czwarta
(In both the 12-hour clock and the 24-hour clock) The start of the fifth hour of the day; 4:00 a.m. (04:00).

four of a kind n
kareta
(card games) Four cards of the same rank.

four thousand numeral
cztery tysiące
4000

four-eyes four-eyes n
sowa okularnica okularnik
(idiomatic, derogatory) A person who wears spectacles.

four-leaf clover /ˈfɔɹˈliːfˈkloʊ.vɚ/ four-leaf clovers n
czterolistna koniczyna
An uncommon variation of the clover, having four leaves instead of the usual three.

four-legged /fɔː(ɹ)ˈlɛɡɪd/ /ˈfɔː(ɹ)lɛɡd/ adj
czteronogi czteronożny czworonogi czworonożny
Having four legs.

four-poster four-posters n
łóżko z baldachimem
A four-poster bed, which has four high posts, one at each corner, supporting a canopy.

four-stroke engine four-stroke engines n
silnik czterosuwowy czterosuw czterotakt
An engine that works on the four-stroke principle.

four-wheeled adj
czterokołowy
(automotive, engineering) Having four wheels.

fourhorn sculpin fourhorn sculpins n
kur czterorogi kur rogacz
A species of fish of the Cottidae family, Myoxocephalus quadricornis, found in Canada, Finland, Greenland, Norway, Russia, Sweden, and the United States.

foursome foursomes n
czworo czwórka
A group of four, a quartet or a game (such as golf) played by four players, especially by two teams of two.
czworokąt
A sex act between four people.

fourteen /ˈfɔɹ.tin/ /ˈfɔː.tiːn/ /ˌfɔɹtˈtin/ /ˌfɔːˈtiːn/ numeral
czternaście czternaścioro
The cardinal number occurring after thirteen and before fifteen, represented in Roman numerals as XIV and in Arabic numerals as 14.

fourteenth /ˌfɔɹˈtiːnθ/ /ˌfɔːˈtiːnθ/ adj
czternasty
The ordinal form of the number fourteen.

fourth /fo(ː)ɹθ/ /foəθ/ /fɔɹθ/ /fɔːθ/ adj
czwarty
The ordinal form of the number four.

fourth dimension n
czwarty wymiar
(algebraic geometry) The fourth coordinate indicating a position along the fourth axis.

fourth estate n
czwarta władza
(idiomatic) Journalism or journalists considered as a group; the press.

fourth wall fourth walls n
czwarta ściana
(by extension) The boundary between the fiction and the audience.

fourthly adv
po czwarte
In the fourth place; fourth in a row.

fowl /faʊl/ fowl fowls n
drób ptactwo
Birds which are hunted or kept for food, including Galliformes and also waterfowl of the order Anseriformes such as ducks, geese and swans, together forming the clade Galloanserae.

fowler /ˈfaʊlə(ɹ)/ fowlers n
ptasznik
A hunter of wildfowl.

fox /fɑks/ /fɒks/ foxen foxes n
lis lisica liszka
A red fox, small carnivore (Vulpes vulpes), related to dogs and wolves, with red or silver fur and a bushy tail.

fox cub fox cubs n
lisię
A young fox.

fox in the henhouse foxes in henhouses foxes in the henhouse n
lis w kurniku
(idiomatic, metaphor) Someone untrustworthy placed in a position of trust in which they will be harmful, damaging or detrimental for their own personal gain.

fox moth fox moths n
barczatka malinówka
A moth found in Western Europe to Central Asia, taxonomic name Macrothylacia rubi.

fox terrier fox terriers n
foksterier
Either of two breeds of dog (the smooth fox terrier and the wire fox terrier) bred for fox hunting.

foxglove foxgloves n
naparstnica
Digitalis, a genus of about 20 species of herbaceous biennials native to the Old World, certain of which are prized for their showy flowers. The drug digitalis or digoxin was first isolated from the plant.

foxhole foxholes n
okop rów
(military) A small pit dug into the ground as a shelter for protection against enemy fire.

foxtail foxtails n
lisi ogon
A plant having a part resembling the tail of a fox or such spikelet.

foxtail barley n
jęczmień grzywiasty
Hordeum jubatum, a perennial grass with attractive inflorescences.

foxtail millet foxtail millets n
ber proso włoskie włośnica ber
The second-most widely planted species of millet, Setaria italica, which is the most important species of millet in East Asia.

foxtrot /ˈfɒkstɹɒt/ foxtrots n
fokstrot
A ballroom dance with a slow-slow-quick-quick rhythm.

foxy /ˈfɑksi/ /ˈfɒksi/ foxier foxiest adj
lisi
Having the qualities of a fox.

foyer /fɔɪˈeɪ/ /ˈfoɪ.ə/ /ˈfɔɪ.eɪ/ /ˈfɔɪ.ɝ/ foyers n
foyer
A lobby, corridor, or waiting room, used in a hotel, theater, etc.

frabjous /ˈfɹæbd͡ʒəs/ more frabjous most frabjous adj
elegancki
Fabulous, joyous; great, wonderful.

fracas /fɹəˈkɑː/ /ˈfɹækaː/ /ˈfɹækɑː/ /ˈfɹækəs/ fracas fracases n
awantura
A noisy disorderly quarrel, fight, brawl, disturbance or scrap.

fractal /ˈfɹæk.təl/ adj
fraktalny
(mathematics) Having the form of a fractal.

fractal /ˈfɹæk.təl/ fractals n
fraktal
(mathematics) A mathematical set that has a non-integer and constant Hausdorff dimension; a geometric figure that is self-similar at all scales.

fraction /ˈfɹæk.ʃən/ fractions n
ułamek cząstka
A part of a whole, especially a comparatively small part.
ułamek
(arithmetic) A ratio of two numbers (numerator and denominator), usually written one above the other and separated by a horizontal bar called the vinculum or, alternatively, in sequence on the same line and separated by a solidus (diagonal bar).

fraction bar fraction bars n
kreska ułamkowa
(typography, math) The line separating the numerator from the denominator, whether horizontal, oblique, or diagonal.

fractional reserve banking n
bankowość rezerwy cząstkowej system rezerwy cząstkowej
(finance, chiefly, banking) A widespread banking system in which a bank that accepts deposits from the public puts the majority of those deposits into investments (generating a profit for the bank) as opposed to keeping them all in reserve (i.e., directly on hand); the system assumes that it is unlikely that every customer would need to withdraw their money at the same time (i.e., a bank run).

fracture /ˈfɹæk.tjə/ /ˈfɹæk.t͡ʃə/ fractures n
złamanie pęknięcie
An instance of breaking, a place where something has broken.

fragile /ˈfɹædʒaɪl/ /ˈfɹæd͡ʒəl/ fragiler fragilest more fragile most fragile adj
kruchy
Easily broken or destroyed, and thus often of subtle or intricate structure.

fragment /fɹæɡˈmɛnt/ /ˈfɹæɡmənt/ /ˈfɹæɡmɛnt/ fragments n
fragment odłamek ułamek
A part broken off; a small, detached portion; an imperfect part, either physically or not
(computing) An incomplete portion of code.

fragmentation fragmentations n
fragmentacja
The act of fragmenting or something fragmented; disintegration.

fragmentation grenade fragmentation grenades n
granat odłamkowy

fragrance /ˈfɹeɪɡɹəns/ fragrances n
zapach woń
A pleasant smell or odour.

fragrant /ˈfɹeɪ.ɡɹənt/ more fragrant most fragrant adj
pachnący wonny
Sweet-smelling; having a pleasant (usually strong) scent or fragrance.

frail /fɹeɪl/ frailer frailest adj
arcydelikatny wątły
Easily broken physically; not firm or durable; liable to fail and perish.

frailly more frailly most frailly adv
arcydelikatnie

frame /fɹeɪm/ frames n
rama
A rigid, generally rectangular mounting for paper, canvas or other flexible material.
(bowling) A set of balls whose results are added together for scoring purposes. Usually two balls, but only one ball in the case of a strike, and three balls in the case of a strike or a spare in the last frame of a game.
kadr klatka ramka
A piece of photographic film containing an image.
ramka rama
(networking) An independent chunk of data sent over a network.

frame /fɹeɪm/ v
oprawiać
(transitive) Of a picture such as a painting or photograph, to place inside a decorative border.
komponować
(transitive) To position visually within a fixed boundary.
wrabiać
(transitive, obsolete) To cause; to bring about; to produce.

frame lock frame locks n
nóż frame lock
A type of lock for a folding knife or other tool, distinct from the liner lock by the spring portion of the liner being replaced by an integral component of the handle.

frame of reference frames of reference n
układ odniesienia
A set of assumptions, ideas and standards that form a viewpoint from which philosophical, religious and other ideas may be evaluated.
(physics) A set of axes which enable an observer to measure the position and motion of all bodies in some system relative to the reference frame.

frame per second frames per second n
klatka na sekundę
(usually, in the plural) A measure of how many times an imaging or display device produces unique consecutive images (frames) in one second.

frame rate frame rates n
częstotliwość odświeżania klatkaż
The measurement of how quickly an imaging device can produce unique consecutive images called frames, most often expressed in frames per second (often abbreviated "fps") or, equivalently, hertz (Hz).

framework /ˈfɹeɪm.wɜːk/ /ˈfɹeɪm.wɝk/ /ˈfɹæɪm.wɜːk/ frameworks n
szkielet
(literally) The arrangement of support beams that represent a building's general shape and size.

framework directive framework directives n
ramowa dyrektywa
(This entry is a translation hub.)

franc /fɹæŋk/ francs n
frank
A former unit of currency of France, Belgium and Luxembourg, replaced by the euro.
Any of several units of currency, some of which are multi-national (West African CFA Franc (XOF), Central African CFA Franc (XAF), the Swiss franc (CHF)) while others are national currencies.

franchisal adj
ajencyjny

franchise /ˈfɹænt͡ʃaɪ̯z/ franchises n
ajencja franczyza
The authorization granted by a company to sell or distribute its goods or services in a certain area.

franchising franchisings n
franczyza
The establishment, granting, or use of a franchise.

francium /ˈfɹansɪəm/ /ˈfɹænsi.əm/ /ˈfɹɑːnsɪəm/ franciums n
frans
The chemical element (symbol Fr) with an atomic number of 87. It is an intensely radioactive alkali metal that is not found in nature.

francolin /ˈfɹæŋkəlɪn/ francolins n
frankolin
Any of various terrestrial partridges of several genera in family Phasianidae, principally in tribe Gallini.

frank /fɹeɪŋk/ /fɹæŋk/ franker frankest adj
otwarty szczery
honest, especially in a manner that seems slightly blunt; candid; not reserved or disguised.

frankly /ˈfɹæŋkli/ franklier frankliest more frankly most frankly adv
szczerze bez ogródek
In a frank or candid manner, especially in a way that may seem too open, excessively honest, or slightly blunt.
szczerze
(sentence adverb) In truth, to tell the truth.

frantically /ˈfɹæn.tɪk.li/ more frantically most frantically adv
gorączkowo
In a frantic way.

fraternal /fɹəˈtɝnəl/ more fraternal most fraternal adj
braterski
Of or pertaining to a brother or brothers.

fraternal nephew fraternal nephews n
bratanek
The son of one's brother. (This entry is a translation hub.)

fraternal niece fraternal nieces n
bratanica
The daughter of one's brother. (This entry is a translation hub.)

fraternally more fraternally most fraternally adv
bratersko
In a fraternal manner.

fraternity /fɹəˈtɜː(ɹ)nəti/ fraternities n
braterstwo fraternia
The quality of being brothers or brotherly; brotherhood.
bractwo
A group of people associated for a common purpose.
korporacja
(US) A social organization of male students at a college or university; usually identified by Greek letters.

fraternization fraternizations n
fraternizacja bratanie się
The act of fraternizing or uniting as brothers.

fraternize /ˈfɹætənɑɪz/ /ˈfɹætɚnɑɪz/ v
bratać się zbratać się
(intransitive) To associate with others in a brotherly or friendly manner.

fratricidal more fratricidal most fratricidal adj
bratobójczy
Of or pertaining to fratricide

fratricide fratricides n
bratobójstwo
The killing of one's brother (or sister).
bratobójca bratobójczyni
A person who commits fratricide.

fraud /fɹɑd/ /fɹɔd/ /fɹɔːd/ frauds n
oszustwo wyłudzenie
Any act of deception carried out for the purpose of unfair, undeserved or unlawful gain.
oszust oszustka szachraj szachrajka szalbierz
A person who performs any such trick.

fraudulent /ˈfɹɑ.d͡ʒə.lənt/ /ˈfɹɑd͡ʒ.lənt/ /ˈfɹɔ.d͡ʒə.lənt/ /ˈfɹɔː.djə.lənt/ /ˈfɹɔː.djʊ.lənt/ /ˈfɹɔː.dʒə.lənt/ /ˈfɹɔː.dʒʊ.lənt/ /ˈfɹɔːdʒ.lənt/ more fraudulent most fraudulent adj
oszukańczy
Dishonest; based on fraud or deception.
fałszywy
False, phony.

frazil /-zɪl/ /ˈfreɪzəl/ /ˈfræzəl/ frazils n
śryż
(North America) A collection of stray ice crystals that form in fast-moving water.

freak of nature freaks of nature n
wybryk natury
A monstrosity; a malformation; an abnormal organism.
In the variety-show business, a person or an animal on exhibition as showing some strange deviation from nature, such as a bearded woman or an albino.

freak show freak shows n
dziwoląg
(slang, derogatory) A freakish person, or a group thereof.

freckle /ˈfɹɛkəl/ freckles n
pieg
A small brownish or reddish pigmentation spot on the surface of the skin.

freckled /ˈfɹɛkəld/ more freckled most freckled adj
piegowaty
Having freckles; covered with freckles.

freckleface frecklefaces n
piegowata piegowaty piegus pieguska
A person with many freckles.

free /fɹiː/ [fɹɪi̯] free-er free-est freer freest freeër freeëst adj
wolny
(software) With no or only freedom-preserving limitations on distribution or modification.
(mathematics) Unconstrained by relators.
(mathematics, logic) Unconstrained by quantifiers.
Not currently in use; not taken; unoccupied.
wolny bez
Without obligations.
wolny swobodny
Not imprisoned or enslaved.
(abstract) Unconstrained.
Unobstructed, without blockages.

free /fɹiː/ [fɹɪi̯] more free most free adv
za darmo bezpłatnie
Without needing to pay.

free /fɹiː/ [fɹɪi̯] v
uwolnić oswabadzać oswobodzić uwalniać wyzwalać wyzwolić
(transitive) To make free; set at liberty; release.

free as a bird adj
wolny jak ptak
(simile) Having no ties; completely free.

free electron free electrons n
elektron swobodny
(physics, chemistry) An electron not attached to an atom.

free enterprise n
wolna przedsiębiorczość
An economic system of business governed by the laws of supply and demand with minimal government interference, regulation, or subsidy.

free indirect speech n
mowa pozornie zależna
(linguistics, grammar, semantics) A style of indirect speech which imitates direct speech, and converted to third person.

free kick free kicks n
rzut wolny
(American football, association football, Australian rules football, rugby, other ballgames) a kick in which a player may kick the ball without interference from the opposition. Such a kick may be awarded for a foul by the opposition, or earned by a player such as by taking a mark.

free love n
wolna miłość
The practice of sexual intercourse without the restraints of marriage or commitment.

free market /ˈfɹi ˈmɑɹkət/ /ˌfɹi ˈmɑɹkət/ free markets n
wolny rynek
(economics) Any market in which trade is unregulated by government; an economic system free from government intervention.

free morpheme free morphemes n
morfem leksykalny
(linguistic morphology) A morpheme that can carry meaning on its own, and does not require a prefix, suffix, or infix to give it meaning.

free of charge adj
bezpłatny gratisowy darmowy gratis
Not requiring any payment.

free period free periods n
okienko
A school period in which a student has free time, i.e., is not enrolled in a class.

free port free ports n
port wolnocłowy wolny port
A port or other area with relaxed jurisdiction of customs, tax rule or related national regulations.

free rein n
wolna ręka
(figurative) The absence of constraints; freedom to make decisions.

free rider free riders n
pasożyt
(economics) One who obtains benefit from a public good without paying for it directly.

free software n
wolne oprogramowanie
(software) Software that can be freely copied, redistributed and modified, including source code; software that is libre.

free speech /fɹiː ˈspiːtʃ/ n
wolność słowa
The right to express an opinion in public without being restrained or censored.

free spirit free spirits n
wolny duch
One who is a nonconformist or who does not recognize the authority of others.

free time n
laba czas wolny wolne
Time when one is not working.

free trade /ˈfɹi ˈtreɪd/ /ˌfɹi ˈtreɪd/ n
wolny handel
International trade without government interference, especially from tariffs or duties on imports.

free trader free traders n
zwolennik wolnego handlu

free up v
oswobodzić
(transitive) To make (space or time) available.

free verse n
wiersz wolny
(uncountable) A poetic form divided into lines of no particular length or meter, without a rhyme scheme.

free will n
wolna wola
(philosophy) The ability to choose one's actions, or determine what reasons are acceptable motivation for actions, without predestination, fate etc.

free world n
wolny świat
(politics) collectively, all the countries that have democratic or capitalistic governments, as opposed to dictatorships or communist states

free zone free zones n
strefa wolnocłowa
An area within a port where goods may be temporarily stored without paying duty

free-diver free-divers n
freediver

free-diving n
freediving nurkowanie swobodne
Any of various aquatic disciplines in which divers attempt to stay underwater without breathing apparatus for as long as possible.

freedman freedmen n
wyzwoleniec
A man who has been released from a condition of slavery.

freedom /ˈfɹidəm/ /ˈfɹiːdəm/ freedoms n
wolność swoboda
(uncountable) The state of being free, of not being imprisoned or enslaved.
(countable) The lack of a specific constraint, or of constraints in general; a state of being free, unconstrained.

freedom fighter freedom fighters n
bojownik o wolność
A person involved in armed conflict against an occupation, or oppressive government, etc.; a revolutionary, an insurgent, a rebel or insurrectionist.

freedom of association n
wolność zrzeszania się
The right of citizens to come together with other individuals and collectively express, promote, pursue and defend common interests.

freedom of conscience n
wolność sumienia

freedom of movement /fɹiː.dəm.əv.muːv.mənt/ n
swoboda poruszania się
The right of a citizen to travel within a state, and to leave and return to that state.

freedom of panorama n
wolność panoramy
(copyright) A provision in copyright law that permits taking photographs or video footage, or creating other images (such as paintings), of buildings and sometimes artworks that are permanently located in a public place, and publishing such images without infringing copyright.

freedom of religion /ˈfɹiː.dəm əv ɹɪˈlɪ.dʒən/ n
wolność wyznania
The right of people to hold any religious beliefs, or none, and to carry out any practices in accordance with those beliefs or with that absence of belief, so long as these practices do not interfere with other people's legal or civil rights, or any reasonable laws, without fear of harm or prosecution.

freedom of thought n
wolność myśli

freedwoman freedwomen n
wyzwolenica
A woman who has been released from a condition of slavery.

freehand adj
odręczny

freelancer /ˈfɹiːlænsə(ɹ)/ /ˈfɹiːlɑːnsə(ɹ)/ freelancers n
freelancer
one who freelances

freeloader /ˈfɹiloʊdɚ/ /ˈfɹiːləʊdə(ɹ)/ freeloaders n
pasożyt sęp
(colloquial) One who does not contribute or pay appropriately; one who gets a free ride, etc. without paying a fair share.

freely /ˈfɹili/ /ˈfɹiːli/ freelier freeliest more freely most freely adv
swobodnie
In a free manner.

freemium freemiums n
freemium

freesia /ˈfɹi.ʒə/ freesias n
frezja
Any flowering plant of the genus Freesia, native to South Africa.

freestanding adj
niezależny osobny samodzielny wolno stojący
Standing or set apart.

freestyle /ˈfɹiːˌstaɪl/ freestyles n
freestyle fristajl
(music) A form of rapping in which the emcee makes up lyrics while performing.

freestyle /ˈfɹiːˌstaɪl/ v
freestyle'ować fristajlować
(intransitive, especially in rap music) To improvise one's own style; to ad-lib.

freestyler freestylers n
freestyle'owiec fristajlowiec
Someone who competes in a freestyle sport such as freestyle skating or freestyle swimming
A rapper who freestyles.

freethinker freethinkers n
wolnomyśliciel wolnomyślicielka
A person who has formed his or her opinions using reason and rational enquiry; somebody who has rejected dogma, especially with regard to religion.

freethinking freethinkings n
wolnomyślicielstwo
The principles of a freethinker; free thought

freeware n
freeware
(software) Complete and functional software that does not require payment or other compensation (such as viewing advertising) for its use. Freeware may be a proprietary license with no access to the source code.

freewheel freewheels n
wolnobieg
a device in a transmission that disengages the driveshaft from the driven shaft when the driven shaft rotates faster than the driveshaft.

freeze /ˈfɹiːz/ freezes n
mróz
A period of intensely cold weather.

freeze /ˈfɹiːz/ v
zamarzać zamarznąć
(intransitive, copulative) Especially of a liquid, to become solid due to low temperature.
zamrozić mrozić zamrażać
(transitive) To lower something's temperature to the point that it freezes or becomes hard.
(figuratively) To lose or cause to lose warmth of feeling; to shut out; to ostracize.
marznąć zamarznąć
(intransitive, informal) To be affected by extreme cold.
zastygnąć w bezruchu
(transitive) To cause someone to become motionless.

freeze over v
skuwać się skuć się

freezer /fɹiːzə/ freezers n
zamrażarka
An appliance or room used to store food or other perishable items at temperatures below 0° Celsius (32° Fahrenheit).
The section of a refrigerator used to store food or other perishable items at a temperature below 0° Celsius (32° Fahrenheit).

freezing /ˈfɹiːz.ɪŋ/ more freezing most freezing adj
lodowaty
(by extension, chiefly, hyperbole) Very cold

freezing rain n
marznący deszcz
Rain which freezes upon contact.

freight /fɹeɪt/ freights n
fracht
(uncountable) The transportation of goods (originally by water; now also (chiefly, US) by land); also, the hiring of a vehicle or vessel for such transportation.
(uncountable) Goods or items in transport; cargo, luggage.
(countable) Payment for transportation.

french fries n
frytki
(chiefly, North America) Strips of deep-fried potatoes that have been frenched (cut into strips). [from 1903]

frenetic /fɹəˈnɛt.ɪk/ /ˈfɹɛ.nɪt.ɪk/ more frenetic most frenetic adj
szaleńczy szalony
Fast, harried; having extreme enthusiasm or energy.

frenulum /ˈfriː.njʊl.əm/ /ˈfrɛn.jəl.əm/ frenula frenulums n
wędzidełko
(anatomy) A small fold or ridge of tissue that supports or restrains the motion of the part to which it is attached, in particular a fold of skin beneath the tongue, or between the lip and the gum.

frenzy /ˈfɹɛnzi/ frenzies n
amok szał
A state of wild activity or panic.

freon /ˈfɹiːɒn/ freons n
freon
(organic compound) Any of several non-flammable refrigerants based on halogenated hydrocarbon including R-12, R-22, and R-23.
(refrigeration, slang) A gaseous ozone-depleting refrigerant

frequency /ˈfɹiːkwənsi/ frequencies n
częstotliwość częstość
(uncountable, or, countable) The rate of occurrence of anything; the relationship between incidence and time period.
częstość częstotliwość
(uncountable) The property of occurring often rather than infrequently.
częstotliwość
(countable) The quotient of the number of times n a periodic phenomenon occurs over the time t in which it occurs: f = n / t.

frequency list frequency lists n
lista frekwencyjna

frequency modulation frequency modulations n
modulacja częstotliwości
(sound, radio) the use of a modulating wave to vary the instantaneous frequency of a carrier wave

frequency-shift keying n
kluczowanie częstotliwości modulacja FSK
A form of frequency modulation in which digital information is transmitted through discrete changes of the frequency of a carrier wave.

frequent /ˈfɹiː.kwənt/ frequenter frequentest more frequent most frequent adj
częsty
Done or occurring often; common.

frequent /fɹɪˈkwɛnt/ v
bywać uczęszczać
(transitive) To visit often.

frequentative /fɹɪˈkwɛntətɪv/ adj
częstotliwy
(grammar) Serving to express repetition of an action.

frequentative /fɹɪˈkwɛntətɪv/ frequentatives n
forma częstotliwa
(grammar) Any of a subclass of imperfective verbs that denote a repeated action, no longer productive in English, but found in e.g. Finnish, Latin, Russian, and Turkish.

frequently /ˈfɹiː.kwənt.li/ more frequently most frequently adv
często
At frequent intervals.

frequently asked questions n
często zadawane pytania
An online document containing a list of the questions most often asked about a particular subject, together with answers.

fresco /ˈfɹɛskoʊ/ /ˈfɹɛskəʊ/ freschi frescoes frescos n
fresk al fresco
(countable, painting) An artwork made by applying water-based pigment to wet or fresh lime mortar or plaster.
al fresco fresk
(uncountable, painting) The technique used to make such an artwork.

fresh /fɹɛʃ/ fresher freshest adj
świeży
Newly produced or obtained; recent.
(of food) Not dried, frozen, or spoiled.
Invigoratingly cool and refreshing.
Rested; not tired or fatigued.
In a raw or untried state; uncultured; unpracticed.
słodki
(of water) Without salt; not saline.

fresh air n
świeże powietrze
The natural, clean air from outside, as opposed to the relatively stuffy air inside.

fresh as a daisy adj
rześki wyspany

fresh start /fɹɛʃ ˈstɑɹt/ /fɹɛʃ ˈstɑːt/ fresh starts n
nowy początek
(idiomatic) A new beginning, without prejudices.

fresh water fresh waters n
słodka woda
Water with a very low content of dissolved salt, as opposed to brackish water or salt water.

freshet /ˈfɹɛʃɪt/ freshets n
podtopienie
A flood resulting from heavy rain or a spring thaw.

freshman /ˈfɹɛʃmən/ freshmen n
pierwszak
(US, Canada, Philippines) A person (of either sex) entering the first year of an institution, especially a high school (ninth grade for US and Canada, grade 7 for Philippines), a university, or legislative body.
nowicjusz
(obsolete) A novice; one in the rudiments of knowledge.

freshness /ˈfɹɛʃnəs/ freshnesses n
świeżość
The state or quality of being fresh.

freshwater adj
słodkowodny
Living in fresh water.
Consisting of fresh water.

fret /fɹɛt/ frets n
próg bont
(music) One of the pieces of metal, plastic or wood across the neck of a guitar or other string instrument that marks where a finger should be positioned to depress a string as it is played.

fret /fɹɛt/ v
pożerać pożreć wygryzać wyjadać
(ambitransitive) To gnaw; to consume, to eat away.
martwić się niepokoić się
(ambitransitive) To be chafed or irritated; to be angry or vexed; to utter peevish expressions through irritation or worry.

fretsaw fretsaws n
laubzega wyrzynarka
A saw consisting of a metal frame having a fine-toothed narrow blade held under tension, used in making curved cuts.

friable /ˈfɹaɪəbl̩/ more friable most friable adj
kruchy sypki
Easily broken into small fragments, crumbled, or reduced to powder.

friar /ˈfɹaɪə/ /ˈfɹaɪɚ/ friars n
zakonnik brat
A member of a mendicant Christian order such as the Augustinians, Carmelites (white friars), Franciscans (grey friars) or the Dominicans (black friars).

fricassee /fɹɪ.kəˈsiː/ /ˈfɹɪ.kəˌseɪ/ /ˈfɹɪ.kəˌsi/ fricassees n
frykas
Meat or poultry cut into small pieces, stewed or fried and served in its own gravy.

fricative /ˈfɹɪkətɪv/ more fricative most fricative adj
frykatywny szczelinowy trący
(phonetics) produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity.

friction /ˈfɹɪkʃən̩/ frictions n
tarcie
The rubbing of one object or surface against another.
(physics) A force that resists the relative motion or tendency to such motion of two bodies in contact.

frictional adj
frykcyjny

fridge /fɹɪd͡ʒ/ fridges n
lodówka
(informal) A refrigerator. [from 1920s]

fridge-freezer fridge-freezers n
lodówko-zamrażarka
An electrical appliance consisting of a fridge and a freezer as one unit.

fried /fɹaɪd/ more fried most fried adj
smażony
Cooked by frying.
sadzony
(specifically, of an egg) Fried with the yolk unbroken.

fried chicken n
smażony kurczak
The meat of chicken, cut into pieces and usually with the bone in, coated in batter and deep-fried.

fried egg fried eggs n
jajko sadzone
An egg that has been shallow-fried on one or both sides, without being beaten or stirred.

friend /frɪnd/ /fɹɛnd/ [fɹ̥ɛnd̥] friends n
przyjaciel przyjaciółka druh
A person, typically someone other than a family member, spouse or lover, whose company one enjoys and towards whom one feels affection.
znajoma znajomy
A person with whom one is vaguely or indirectly acquainted.
kolego koleżanko przyjacielu przyjaciółko
(colloquial, ironic, used only in the vocative) Used as a form of address when warning someone.
sympatia przyjaciel
(euphemistic) A lover; a boyfriend or girlfriend.

friend /frɪnd/ /fɹɛnd/ [fɹ̥ɛnd̥] v
dodać do znajomych przyjaźnić się
(transitive, obsolete) To act as a friend to, to befriend; to be friendly to, to help.

friend request friend requests n
zaproszenie
request for friendship (on social media)

friend with benefits friends with benefits n
przyjaciel z bonusami przyjaciel z bonusem przyjaciółka z bonusami przyjaciółka z bonusem
(idiomatic, slang, non-vulgar) A friend with whom one has a casual sexual relationship.

friend zone /ˈfɹɛnd zoʊn/ /ˈfɹɛnd zəʊn/ friend zones n
friendzone
(slang) The situation in which one is viewed by a potential partner as a platonic friend, which complicates the initiation of a romantic relationship.

friend zone /ˈfɹɛnd zoʊn/ /ˈfɹɛnd zəʊn/ v
friendzonować
(slang, transitive) To classify as a friend, without any possibility of a romantic relationship.

friendly /ˈfɹɛn.li/ /ˈfɹɛnd.li/ friendlier friendliest more friendly most friendly adj
przyjazny przyjacielski życzliwy
Generally warm, approachable and easy to relate with in character.
przyjazny przyjacielski
Inviting, characteristic of friendliness.
przyjazny
(usually, military) Of or pertaining to friendlies (friendly noun sense 2, below). Also applied to other bipolar confrontations, such as team sports.

friendly /ˈfɹɛn.li/ /ˈfɹɛnd.li/ more friendly most friendly adv
przyjaźnie
In a friendly manner; like a friend.

friendly fire /ˌfɹɛnd.liˈfaɪ.ə(ɹ)/ n
przyjacielski ogień
Weapons fire from allied or friendly forces, as opposed to fire coming from enemy forces or enemy fire.

friends in high places n
mocne plecy
(idiomatic) Friends who have authority or influence and who can ensure that one's interests will be protected or furthered.

friendship /ˈfɹɛn(d)ʃɪp/ friendships n
przyjaźń drużba
(uncountable) The condition of being friends.
(countable) A friendly relationship, or a relationship as friends.

frieze /ˈfɹiːz/ friezes n
fryz
(architecture) That part of the entablature of an order which is between the architrave and cornice. It is a flat member or face, either uniform or broken by triglyphs, and often enriched with figures and other ornaments of sculpture.
Any sculptured or richly ornamented band in a building or, by extension, in rich pieces of furniture.

frigate /ˈfɹɪɡ.ət/ frigates n
fregata
(historical) A warship combining sail and steam propulsion, typically of ironclad timber construction, supplementing and superseding sailing ships of the line at the beginning of the development of the ironclad battleship. [mid 19th–late 19th c.]

frigatebird /ˈfɹɪ.ɡətˌbɝd/ frigatebirds n
fregata
Any of five species of bird in the genus Fregata, the only genus in the family Fregatidae.

fright /fɹaɪt/ /fɹʌit/ frights n
przestrach
A state of terror excited by the sudden appearance of danger; sudden and violent fear, usually of short duration; a sudden alarm.

frighten /ˈfɹaɪ.tən/ [ˈfɹ̥aɪtn̩] [ˈfɹ̥aɪʔn̩] v
straszyć przestraszyć nastraszyć
(transitive) To cause to feel fear; to scare; to cause to feel alarm or fright.

frightening /ˈfɹaɪtnɪŋ/ /ˈfɹaɪtənɪŋ/ more frightening most frightening adj
przerażający
Causing fear; of capable of causing fear; scary.
okropny straszny
(figuratively) Awful, terrible, very bad.

frightful /ˈfɹaɪtfəl/ more frightful most frightful adj
okropny straszny

frikadelle /fɹɪkəˈdɛlə/ frikadellen frikadeller n
kotlet mielony
(food) An oblate-spheroid meatball of North European origin, eaten hot or cold, and typically consisting of: minced pork or beef/veal (or, commonly, a blend of these meats); chopped onions; eggs; milk or water; breadcrumbs, oatmeal, or flour; salt; and pepper.

frill /fɹɪl/ frills n
falbanka
A strip of pleated fabric or paper used as decoration or trim.
kryza
(zoology) The relatively extensive margin seen on the back of the heads of reptiles, with either a bony support or a cartilaginous one.

fringe /fɹɪnd͡ʒ/ fringes n
frędzel
A decorative border.
ubocze
The periphery of a town or city (or other area).
grzywka
(UK) : hair hanging over the forehead, especially a hairstyle where it is cut straight across.

friseur friseurs n
fryzjer fryzjerka
(now, _, rare) A hairdresser.

frisk /fɹɪsk/ v
rewidować zrewidować
(transitive) To search (someone) by feeling their body and clothing.

frisson /fɹiˈsoʊn/ /fɹiˈsõʊn/ /ˈfɹiː.sɔ̃ː/ frissons n
dreszcz
A shiver; a thrill.

frit /fɹɪt/ frits n
fryta
A fused mixture of materials used to make glass.

fritillary fritillaries n
szachownica
Any of several bulbous perennial plants, of the genus Fritillaria, having flowers with a spotted or chequered pattern.

frittata /fɹiˈtɑtə/ frittatas frittate n
frittata
A crustless quiche: a molded omelette in which vegetables, cheese, etc., are mixed into the eggs and cooked together.

frivolous /ˈfɹɪv.əl.əs/ more frivolous most frivolous adj
bezmyślny
Silly, especially at an inappropriate time or in an inappropriate manner; lacking a good reason for being, or for doing what one does; due to or moved by a whim or caprice.
błahy
Of little weight or importance; not worth notice; slight; trivial.

frizz /fɹɪz/ frizzes n
baranek
A mass of tightly curled or unruly hair.

frizzy /ˈfɹɪzi/ frizzier frizziest adj
kędzierzawy
Formed of a mass of small, tight, wiry curls; unruly or extending in all directions.

frock coat frock coats n
surdut
A coat with long skirts, worn by men, now only on formal occasions.

frog /fɹɑɡ/ /fɹɒɡ/ /fɹɔɡ/ frogs n
żaba
Any of a class of small tailless amphibians of the order Anura that typically hop.
żabojad
(offensive) A French person.
strzałka
An organ on the bottom of a horse’s hoof that assists in the circulation of blood.

frog in one's throat n
mieć chrypkę
(idiom) Hoarseness or the need to cough.

frog jump frog jumps n
żabka

frog legs n
żabie udka
The hind legs of a frog used as food.

frog's-eye view frog's-eye views n
z żabiej perspektywy
A point of view from the ground or from within a system.

froglike more froglike most froglike adj
żabi
Similar to a frog (amphibian), or to a characteristic of a frog.

froglike adv
żabio
In a froglike way

frogman frogmen n
płetwonurek
A diver, especially one in a diving suit (as opposed to one in scuba gear).

frogmouth frogmouths n
paszczak
Any of several nocturnal, insectivorous birds, of the family Podargidae, native to Australia and southern Asia

frogspawn n
skrzek
A gelatinous mass of frogs' eggs, laid in ponds and ditches.

frolic /ˈfɹɑlɪk/ /ˈfɹɒlɪk/ v
baraszkować dokazywać figlować swawolić
(intransitive) To make merry; to have fun; to romp; to behave playfully and uninhibitedly. [from 1580s]

from /fɹɒm/ /fɹəm/ /fɹʌm/ preposition
z od
With reference to the location or position of a speaker or other observer or vantage point.

from A to Z
od A do Z od a do zet
(idiomatic) Covering a complete range; comprehensively; from beginning to end.

from cover to cover adv
od deski do deski od dechy do dechy
(idiomatic) From the first page (of a book) all the way to the last page.

from dawn to dusk
od świtu do zmierzchu
(duration) From sunrise to sunset.

from day to day adv
z dnia na dzień
Focusing on one day at a time.

from dusk to dawn
od zmierzchu do świtu
(duration) From sunset to sunrise.

from father to son adv
z ojca na syna
Passed down from a father to his son.

from hell
z piekła rodem
(informal) Exceptionally bad or unpleasant.

from now on adv
od teraz
Starting from this moment and continuing indefinitely.

from pillar to post adv
od Annasza do Kajfasza
(idiomatic) From one place (or person, or task) to another; from post to pillar, hither and thither.

from scratch
od nowa od początku od zera
(idiomatic) From the beginning; starting with no advantage or prior preparation.

from the bottom of one's heart
z głębi serca
In earnest; sincerely; with one's full feeling.

from the cradle to the grave
od żłobka do nagrobka

from the start
od początku

from time to time
od czasu do czasu raz na jakiś czas
(idiomatic) Occasionally; sometimes; once in a while.

fromagerie fromageries n
fromażeria
A cheese shop.

front /fɹʌnt/ further front furthest front adj
przedni
Closest or nearest, of a set of futures contracts which expire at particular times, or of the times they expire; (typically, the front month or front year is the next calendar month or year after the current one).

front /fɹʌnt/ fronts n
przód front
The foremost side of something or the end that faces the direction it normally moves.
przykrywka
A person or institution acting as the public face of some other, covert group.
front
(military) An area where armies are engaged in conflict, especially the line of contact.

front door front doors n
drzwi frontowe drzwi wejściowe
(by extension) The entire main entrance to a building or house.

front lever front levers n
poziome podtrzymywanie się

front line front lines n
linia walki
(military) A front, or a boundary between opposing positions.

front vowel front vowels n
samogłoska przednia
(phonetics) Any vowel sound produced in the front of the mouth. Examples: "a" in “man” and "e" in “gel”

front yard front yards n
ogród z przodu domu
(US, Canada) A yard to the front of a house or similar residence, typically having a lawn and often trees, shrubs, and/or flowers.
(UK) An enclosed and often primarily utilitarian area to the front of a house or similar residence, typically having a hard surface or paving.

frontage frontages n
fronton
The front part of a property or building that faces the street.

frontager frontagers n
adiacent

frontal /ˈfɹʌn.l̩/ /ˈfɹʌn.tl̩/ /ˈfɹʌn.təl/ adj
czołowy
(anatomy) Of or relating to the forehead or frontal bone.

frontal lobe frontal lobes n
płat czołowy
(anatomy) One of the four major divisions of the cerebrum of the brain, located behind the forehead.

frontflip frontflips n
salto na przód
(gymnastics) A floor movement, consisting of rotating one's body in the air 360 degrees in the forward direction.

frontier /fɹɑnˈtɪɹ/ /fɹɒnˈtɪə/ /fɹʌnˈtɪə/ /fɹʌnˈtɪɹ/ /ˈfɹɒntjə/ /ˈfɹɒntɪə/ /ˈfɹʌntjə/ /ˈfɹʌntɪə/ /ˈfɹʌnt͡ʃə/ frontiers n
granica
The part of a country which borders or faces another country or unsettled region.

frontispiece /ˈfɹɑn.tɪsˌpis/ /ˈfɹɒn.tɪsˌpiːs/ /ˈfɹʌn.tɪsˌpis/ /ˈfɹʌn.tɪsˌpiːs/ frontispieces n
frontyspis
(publishing) An illustration that is on the page before the title page of a book, a section of one, or a magazine.

fronton frontons n
fronton przyczółek
A two-walled or single-walled court used as a playing area for Basque pelota.

frost /fɹɑst/ /fɹɒst/ /fɹɔst/ frosts n
mróz szron
A cover of minute ice crystals on objects that are exposed to the air. Frost is formed by the same process as dew, except that the temperature of the frosted object is below freezing.

frost /fɹɑst/ /fɹɒst/ /fɹɔst/ v
oszronić
(intransitive) To become covered with frost.
lukrować polukrować
(transitive) To coat (something, e.g. a cake) with icing to resemble frost.

frostbite frostbites n
odmrożenie
An injury suffered as a result of freezing of some part of the body, typically fingers, toes or the nose.

frostbite v
odmrażać odmrozić
(transitive) To expose to the effect of frost, or a frosty air; to blight or nip with frost.

frostbitten adj
odmrożony
Affected by frostbite.

frosting /ˈfɹɒst.ɪŋ/ frostings n
szron
A layer of frost.

frostless adj
bezmroźny

frosty /ˈfɹɑs-/ /ˈfɹɒsti/ /ˈfɹɔsti/ frostier frostiest adj
mroźny
Cold, chilly; icy.
oszroniony
Having frost on it or in it.
lodowaty
(figuratively) Having an aloof or inhospitable manner.

froth /fɹɑθ/ /fɹɒθ/ /fɹɔθ/ froths n
piana
Foam.
bicie piany
(figuratively) Unimportant or insubstantial talk, events, or actions; drivel.

froth /fɹɑθ/ /fɹɒθ/ /fɹɔθ/ v
spienić toczyć pianę
(transitive) To create froth in (a liquid).

froth at the mouth /ˈfɹɒθ ət ðə ˈmaʊθ/ /ˈfɹɔθ ət ðə ˈmaʊθ/ v
mieć pianę na ustach
(figurative) To rage, to vent one's anger.

frother frothers n
spieniacz spieniarka
A machine that generates froth

frottola frottole n
frottola
(music) The predominant type of Italian popular secular song of the late fifteenth and early sixteenth century, and the most important and widespread predecessor to the madrigal.

frown /fɹaʊn/ frowns n
zmarszczenie brwi
A wrinkling of the forehead with the eyebrows brought together, typically indicating displeasure, severity, or concentration.

frown /fɹaʊn/ v
marszczyć brwi zmarszczyć brwi
(intransitive) To have a frown on one's face.

frowst /fɹaʊst/ frowsts n
stęchlizna zaduch
Stuffiness; stifling warmth in a room.

frowst /fɹaʊst/ v
schować się (w bezpiecznym, ciepłym miejscu)
(intransitive) To enjoy being in a warm, close, stuffy place.

frozen /ˈfɹoʊzən/ /ˈfɹəʊzən/ more frozen most frozen adj
zamrożony
Having undergone the process of freezing; in ice form.

frozen food frozen foods n
mrożonki
Food that is frozen to preserve it, usually being purchased in a frozen state and kept in a freezer before use.

fructify /ˈfɹʌktɪfaɪ/ v
owocować obradzać obrodzić zaowocować
(intransitive) To bear fruit; to generate useful products or ideas.

fructose /ˈfɹuk.toʊs/ /ˈfɹʊk.toʊs/ /ˈfɹʊk.təʊz/ /ˈfɹʌk.toʊs/ /ˈfɹʌk.təʊz/ fructoses n
fruktoza
(carbohydrate) A monosaccharide ketose sugar, formula C6H12O6.

frugal /ˈfɹuːɡəl/ more frugal most frugal adj
oszczędny
Avoiding unnecessary expenditure either of money or of anything else which is to be used or consumed; avoiding waste.

frugivorous more frugivorous most frugivorous adj
owocożerny
Having a diet that consists mostly of fruit; fruit-eating.

fruit /fɹut/ /fɹuːt/ fruits n
owoc
The seed-bearing part of a plant; often edible, colourful, fragrant, and sweet or sour; produced from a floral ovary after fertilization.
(botany) A product of fertilization in a plant, specifically:
The spores of cryptogams and their accessory organs.
A sweet or sweetish vegetable, such as the petioles of rhubarb, that resembles a true fruit or is used in cookery as if it was a fruit.
Any sweet or sour, edible part of a plant that resembles seed-bearing fruit (see former sense) even if it does not develop from a floral ovary.
An end result, effect, or consequence; advantageous or disadvantageous result.
(attributive) Of, belonging to, related to, or having fruit or its characteristics; (of living things) producing or consuming fruit.
(dated, colloquial, derogatory) A homosexual man; (derogatory, figurative) an effeminate man. [from 1900]
(archaic) Offspring from a sexual union.
(informal) A crazy person.

fruit bowl fruit bowls n
owocarka
A bowl used to keep fruit.

fruit dove fruit doves n
owocożer
A dove of the genus Ptilinopus, in the pigeon and dove family Columbidae. These colorful, frugivorous (fruit-eating) doves are found in the forests and woodlands throughout Southeast Asia and Oceania. It is a large genus with about 50 species, some threatened or already extinct.

fruit fly fruit flies n
drozofila muszka owocowa muszka owocówka octówka wywilżanka wywilżna
Any insect of the Tephritidae family, whose larvae damage plant tissue.
Any insect of the Drosophilidae family, whose larvae feed on ripening fruit, especially the species Drosophila melanogaster that is used in genetic research.

fruit juice fruit juices n
sok owocowy
The juice of one or more fruits.

fruit salad fruit salads n
sałatka owocowa
A mixture of freshly cut fruit, sometimes with the addition of alcohol or yogurt, often served as a dessert.

fruit tree fruit trees n
drzewo owocowe
A tree that bears a crop of edible fruit on a regular basis.

fruitcake /ˈfɹuːt.keɪk/ fruitcakes n
keks
A cake containing dried fruits and, optionally, nuts, citrus peel and spice.

fruitful /ˈfɹuːtfəl/ more fruitful most fruitful adj
owocny
Being productive in any sense; yielding benefits.

fruiting body fruiting bodies n
karpofor
(mycology) The structure on a fungus which houses the spore-producing organs.

fruitless /ˈfɹutləs/ /ˈfɹuːtləs/ more fruitless most fruitless adj
bezpłodny bezowocny próżny
(figuratively) Unproductive, useless.

fruitlessly more fruitlessly most fruitlessly adv
bezowocnie
In a fruitless manner

fruitlessness n
bezowocność bezpłodność
The quality of being fruitless.

frumentaceous adj
zbożowy
Resembling or pertaining to grain, especially wheat.

frustrate /fɹəˈstɹeɪt/ /ˈfɹʌsˌtɹeɪt/ v
frustrować sfrustrować
(transitive) To disappoint or defeat; to vex by depriving of something expected or desired.
krzyżować plany pokrzyżować plany
(transitive) To hinder or thwart.

frustration /fɹəˈstɹeɪ.ʃən/ /fɹʌsˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/ frustrations n
frustracja
The feeling of annoyance at impossibility from resistance or inability to achieve something.
The act of frustrating, or the state, or an instance of being frustrated.

fry /fɹaɪ/ n
frytka
(usually, in the plural, fries, mainly, , Canada, ) A fried piece of cut potato.
narybek zarybek
Young fish; fishlings.

fry /fɹaɪ/ v
smażyć się
(intransitive) To cook in hot fat.
smażyć smażyć się usmażyć
(transitive) To cook (something) in hot fat.
prażyć się smażyć się
(intransitive, colloquial) To suffer because of too much heat.

frying pan frying pans n
patelnia
A long-handled, shallow pan used for frying food.

fubsy /ˈfʌb.sɪ/ fubsier fubsiest adj
przysadzisty
(British) short and stout; low and wide

fuchsia /ˈfjuːʃə/ /ˈfuːksi.ə/ fuchsias n
fuksja
A popular garden plant, of the genus Fuchsia, of the Onagraceae family, shrubs with red, pink or purple flowers.

fuck /fʊk/ /fʌk/ [fʌkʰ] interjection
kurwa ja pierdolę niech to chuj o w kurwę
(vulgar, colloquial) Expressing dismay or discontent.

fuck /fʊk/ /fʌk/ [fʌkʰ] fucks n
jebanie pieprzenie pierdolenie ruchanie
(vulgar, colloquial) An act of sexual intercourse.
pojeb pojebaniec zjeb
(vulgar, colloquial) A highly contemptible person.

fuck /fʊk/ /fʌk/ [fʌkʰ] v
ruchać pierdolić jebać pieprzyć
(vulgar, colloquial, intransitive) To have sexual intercourse; to copulate.
(vulgar, colloquial, transitive) To insert one's penis, a dildo, or other object, into a person or a specified orifice or cleft sexually; to penetrate.
wjebać się
(vulgar, colloquial, transitive) To put in an extremely difficult or impossible situation.

fuck all /ˌfʌk ˈɔːl/ pronoun
chuj gówno
(vulgar) Nothing at all or very little.

fuck around v
opierdalać się
(slang, vulgar) To fritter aimlessly or distractedly, to procrastinate, to waste time.

fuck buddy fuck buddies n
fuckfriend kolega do pierdolenia koleżanka do pierdolenia
(vulgar, slang) A sex partner with whom one has sex, usually repeatedly, but without any romantic attachment (no strings attached).

fuck it interjection
chuj z tym jebać to pieprzyć to

fuck knows phraseologicalUnit
chuj wie
(idiomatic, vulgar, followed by a wh-clause) I don't know; nobody knows; it is unclear.

fuck like rabbits v
jebać się jak króliki
(vulgar, simile) To have copious amounts of sex.

fuck off interjection
idź w chuj! idź w pizdu! odjeb się! odpierdol się! odwal się! spadaj!
(vulgar, slang, dismissal) Go away! Get lost!
nie pierdol pierdolisz
(vulgar, slang) An expression of disagreement or disbelief.

fuck off v
spierdalać odpieprzyć się odpierdolić się
To go to hell; to disappear or go away; to screw oneself.

fuck this interjection
chuj z tym jebać to pieprzyć to

fuck up /ˈfʌkˌʌp/ /ˌfʌkˈʌp/ v
nawalić spierdolić zjebać
(intransitive, slang, vulgar) To make a mistake, to go wrong.
spieprzyć rozkurwić spierdolić uwalić zjebać
(transitive, vulgar) To botch or make a mess of.
rozjebać rozpierdolić
(transitive, vulgar) To injure or damage badly.

fuck you phraseologicalUnit
chuj ci w dupę spieprzaj spierdalaj chrzań się chuj ci w oko idź w pizdu
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see fuck,‎ you.

fuckability /ˌfʌkəˈbɪlɪti/ [ˌfʌkəˈbɪlɪ̈ɾi] [ˌfʌkɪ̈ˈbɪlɪ̈ɾi] n
ruchalność
(vulgar) The abstract quality of being desirable as a lover, especially by virtue of physical beauty.

fuckable /ˈfʌkəbl̩/ more fuckable most fuckable adj
ruchable
(slang, vulgar) Able to be or worthy of being fucked; sexually attractive.

fucked in the head more fucked in the head most fucked in the head adj
jebnięty pierdolnięty
(slang, vulgar) Not quite right mentally: perverted, stupid, or mentally ill.

fucked up /ˌfʌktˈʌp/ more fucked up most fucked up adv
najebany pojebany posrany rozjebany rozpierdolony spierdolony
In a screwed up or messed up manner; (by extension) under the influence of alcohol or drugs.
rozjebany rozpierdolony spierdolony zjebany
(slang) All wrong; mistaken; taken the wrong way

fucker /ˈfʌk.ə(ɹ)/ fuckers n
chuj dupek
(rare, vulgar) One who fucks.

fuckfest fuckfests n
grupowe jebanie grupowe ruchanie
(vulgar, slang, countable) orgy, an act of group sex

fucking /ˈfʌkɪn/ /ˈfʌkɪŋ/ adj
kurewski cholerny jebany pierdolony zasrany
(vulgar) An intensifier, often applying more to the whole utterance than to the specific word it grammatically modifies.
kurewski jebany pierdolony
(vulgar) Offensive, annoying or worthless.

fucking /ˈfʌkɪn/ /ˈfʌkɪŋ/ adv
kurwa
(vulgar) Really, very; having intensive force, often applying to the whole sentence or clause.

fucking /ˈfʌkɪn/ /ˈfʌkɪŋ/ fuckings n
bzykanie jebanie pieprzenie pierdolenie posuwanie ruchanie
(vulgar) An act of sexual intercourse, especially one lacking passion or a feeling of sincere love.

fucking hell interjection
do kurwy nędzy ja pierdolę jasny chuj
(vulgar, idiomatic) An exclamation of great surprise.
do kurwy nędzy ja pierdolę jasny chuj kurwa mać
(vulgar, idiomatic) An exclamation of anger.

fuckton /ˈfʌktʌn/ fucktons n
pierdyliard
(vulgar, slang) A large amount.

fuckup /ˈfʌkʌp/ fuckups n
porażka
(vulgar) A serious mistake.
nieogar pierdoła zjeb
(vulgar, pejorative) One who continually makes mistakes.
pajac popierdółka zjeb
(vulgar, pejorative) An ineffective person; a person who fucks up a lot.

fuckwit fuckwits n
pojeb popierdoleniec szajbus zjeb
A very stupid person.

fuddle /ˈfʌdəl/ fuddles n
bajzel
Muddle, confusion.

fudge /fʌd͡ʒ/ fudges n
krówka
(chiefly, _, uncountable) A type of very sweet candy or confection, usually made from sugar, butter, and milk or cream.

fuel /ˈfjuːl/ /ˈfjuːəl/ /ˈfjʊəl/ /ˈfɪu̯(ə)l/ [ˈfjuwəɫ] fuels n
paliwo
Substance consumed to provide energy through combustion, or through chemical or nuclear reaction.

fuel /ˈfjuːl/ /ˈfjuːəl/ /ˈfjʊəl/ /ˈfɪu̯(ə)l/ [ˈfjuwəɫ] v
tankować
To provide with fuel.

fuel cell /ˈfjuː(ə)l sɛl/ fuel cells n
ogniwo paliwowe
(energy) An electrochemical device in which the intrinsic chemical free energy of fuel and oxidant is catalytically converted to direct current energy.

fuel tank fuel tanks n
zbiornik paliwa
A container of fuel, especially one for motor fuel inside a vehicle.

fugitive /ˈfjuːd͡ʒɪtɪv/ more fugitive most fugitive adj
ulotny
Elusive or difficult to retain.

fugitive /ˈfjuːd͡ʒɪtɪv/ fugitives n
zbieg uciekinier uciekinierka
A person who flees or escapes and travels secretly from place to place, and sometimes using disguises and aliases to conceal his/her identity, as to avoid law authorities in order to avoid an arrest or prosecution; or to avoid some other unwanted situation.

fugly /ˈfʌɡ.li/ fuglier fugliest adj
syfny
(slang, vulgar) Extremely ugly.

fugue /ˈfjuːɡ/ fugues n
fuga
(music) A contrapuntal piece of music wherein a particular melody is played in a number of voices, each voice introduced in turn by playing the melody.

fulcrum /ˈfʊlk.ɹəm/ /ˈfʌlk.ɹəm/ fulcra fulcrums n
punkt podparcia
(mechanics) The support about which a lever pivots.

fulfill /fəˈfɪl/ /fʊlˈfɪl/ v
spełniać wypełniać
(transitive) To satisfy, carry out, bring to completion (an obligation, a requirement, etc.).

fulfilling more fulfilling most fulfilling adj
zadowalający
Which causes fulfilment; emotionally or artistically satisfying.

fuliginous /fjuːˈlɪ.d͡ʒɪ.nəs/ more fuliginous most fuliginous adj
sadzowaty
Pertaining to or resembling soot in such features as colour, texture or taste; sooty, dusky. [from 16th c.]

full /fʊl/ [fʊɫ] fuller fullest more full most full adj
pełny
Containing the maximum possible amount that can fit in the space available.
Complete; with nothing omitted.
(of garments) Of a size that is ample, wide, or having ample folds or pleats to be comfortable.
pełny cały
Total, entire.
syty
(informal) Having eaten to satisfaction, having a "full" stomach; replete.

full /fʊl/ [fʊɫ] fulls n
pełnia
Utmost measure or extent; highest state or degree; the state, position, or moment of fullness; fill.

full /fʊl/ [fʊɫ] v
folować
To make cloth denser and firmer by soaking, beating and pressing; to waulk or walk.

full board n
pełne wyżywienie
(travel) A hotel rate that includes accommodation, breakfast, lunch and dinner.

full house full houses n
ful
(poker) A hand that consists of three of a kind and a pair.
A situation in which a place is filled with people to its maximum capacity.

full moon full moons n
pełnia księżyc w pełni
The phase of the moon when it is in opposition to the sun and its full disc is therefore visible.

full of the joys of spring adj
cały w skowronkach
Very cheerful.

full screen adj
pełny ekran
(computing, graphical user interface) Of a window occupying all the available display surface of a screen.

full speed ahead adj
cała naprzód całą parą pełną parą
(idiomatic) Unhesitant.

full stop /ˌfʊl ˈstɒp/ full stops n
kropka
(Australia, British, India, Ireland, NZ, South Africa) The punctuation mark "." (indicating the end of a sentence or marking an abbreviation).

full throttle more full throttle most full throttle adv
do końca do oporu
All out; at maximum speed, effort, or risk.

full-blooded adj
czystej krwi pełnokrwisty
Of purebred ancestry

full-bodied adj
treściwy
Of a comestible, especially a beverage, having a rich flavor.

full-length adj
nieskracany pełnometrażowy
Not shortened; complete and uncut.
pokazujący całe ciało
(arts, of a painting, a sculpture or a photograph) Representing the full height of the body.

full-time adj
pełnoetatowy
Involving a full amount of time spent on some activity, especially a job.

fuller /ˈfʊlə(ɹ)/ fullers n
folarz folusznik pilśniarz
A person who fulls cloth.
zbrocze
A convex, rounded or grooved tool, used by blacksmiths for shaping metal.
A groove made by such a tool (in the blade of a sword etc.).

fulling mill fulling mills n
folusz
A water mill used for fulling cloth.

fulmar fulmars n
fulmar
Either of two species of pelagic seabird in the genus Fulmarus, Fulmarus glacialis and F. glacialoides, which breed on cliffs.

fulminic acid n
kwas piorunowy
(chemistry) Iso-cyanic acid, HCNO, an unstable compound which forms explosive salts

fumble /ˈfʌmbəl/ v
szperać
(transitive, intransitive) To grope awkwardly in trying to find something

fume /fjuːm/ fumes n
opar
A gas or vapour/vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale.

fume hood fume hoods n
dygestorium wyciąg laboratoryjny
(chemistry) A ventilated compartment in which chemical procedures may be undertaken without the escape of noxious fumes into the local environment.

fumitory fumitories n
dymnica
Any plant of the taxonomic genus Fumaria of annual herbaceous flowering plants in the family Papaveraceae, native to temperate Europe and Asia.

fun /fʊn/ /fʌn/ funner funnest more fun most fun adj
zabawny bawny
(informal) Enjoyable or amusing.

fun /fʊn/ /fʌn/ n
radość ubaw
Amusement, enjoyment or pleasure.
zabawa
Playful, often noisy, activity.

fun fact fun facts n
ciekawostka

fun house fun houses n
agencja towarzyska
(euphemistic) A brothel.

function /ˈfʌŋ(k)ʃən/ /ˈfʌŋkʃn̩/ /ˈfʌŋkʃən/ [ˈfʌŋkʃn̩] [ˈfʌŋkʃɪ̈n] functions n
funkcja
What something does or is used for.
A relation where one thing is dependent on another for its existence, value, or significance.
(mathematics) A relation in which each element of the domain is associated with exactly one element of the codomain.
(computing) A routine that receives zero or more arguments and may return a result.
(biology) The physiological activity of an organ or body part.
(chemistry) The characteristic behavior of a chemical compound.
funkcja stanowisko posada
A professional or official position.

function /ˈfʌŋ(k)ʃən/ /ˈfʌŋkʃn̩/ /ˈfʌŋkʃən/ [ˈfʌŋkʃn̩] [ˈfʌŋkʃɪ̈n] v
funkcjonować działać
(intransitive) To carry out a function; to be in action.

function key function keys n
klawisz funkcyjny
(computing) Any of a set of keys on a personal computer or terminal keyboard used to activate a predefined or programmable function, especially a numbered row of keys (F1, F2, etc.) above the alphanumeric keys.

function word function words n
funktor
(linguistics) A word that has little meaning when standing alone, but instead serves to express grammatical relationships with other words within a sentence, or specify the attitude or mood of the speaker, such as prepositions, pronouns, auxiliary verbs, or conjunctions.

functional /ˈfʌŋkt͡ʃnəl/ /ˈfʌŋkt͡ʃənəl/ more functional most functional adj
aktywny działający sprawny
In good working order.
funkcyjny
(computing theory) Having semantics defined purely in terms of mathematical functions, without side-effects.

functional /ˈfʌŋkt͡ʃnəl/ /ˈfʌŋkt͡ʃənəl/ functionals n
funkcjonał
(mathematics) A function that takes a function as its argument; more precisely, a function whose argument varies in a space of (real or complex valued) functions and whose value belongs to a monodimensional space.

functional analysis n
analiza funkcjonalna
(mathematics) The branch of mathematics dealing with infinite-dimensional vector spaces, whose elements are actually functions, as well as generalizations such as Banach spaces and Hilbert spaces.

functional group functional groups n
grupa funkcyjna
(organic chemistry) A specific grouping of elements that is characteristic of a class of compounds, and determines some properties and reactions of that class.

functional load functional loads n
częstotliwość fonemu
Targeted exposure of an implement or organ to stimuli or other straining it is supposed or being tested to tolerate.

functional programming n
programowanie funkcyjne
(programming) Programming in a style that, in lieu of assignment, uses procedure calls to bind variables to values, so that referential transparency is preserved.

functionalism /ˈfʌŋkʃənəlɪzəm/ functionalisms n
funkcjonalizm
(architecture) A doctrine, in several fields, that the function of something should be reflected in its design and the materials used in its construction.
(philosophy) The definition of mental states in terms of their causes and effects.
(social science) The idea that social and cultural cohesion are a function of the interdependence and interactions of the institutions of a society.
(psychology) A general school of thought that considers psychological phenomena in terms of their role in adaptation to the person's environment.

functionality functionalities n
funkcjonalność
(uncountable) The ability to do a task, performance, or execution; a set of functions that something is able or equipped to perform.

functionary functionaries n
funkcjonariusz funkcjonariuszka
A person employed as an official in a bureaucracy (usually corporate or governmental) who holds limited authority and primarily serves to carry out a simple function for which discretion is not required.

functionless adj
bezfunkcyjny

functor /ˈfʌŋktə/ functors n
funktor
(category theory) A category homomorphism; a morphism from a source category to a target category which maps objects to objects and arrows to arrows, in such a way as to preserve domains and codomains (of the arrows) as well as composition and identities.

fund /ˈfʌnd/ funds n
fundusz
A sum or source of money.
An organization managing such money.

fund /ˈfʌnd/ v
finansować sfinansować
(transitive) To pay or provide money for.

fundamental /ˌfʌndəˈmɛntəl/ more fundamental most fundamental adj
fundamentalny podstawowy
Related to a foundation, base, or basis; serving as a foundation.

fundamental group fundamental groups n
grupa podstawowa
(topology) For a specified topological space, the group whose elements are homotopy classes of loops (images of some arbitrary closed interval whose endpoints are both mapped to a designated point) and whose group operation is concatenation.

fundamental interaction fundamental interactions n
oddziaływanie podstawowe
(physics) any of the fundamental forces that act between elementary particles; each one is associated with an exchanged particle

fundamentalism fundamentalisms n
fundamentalizm
(religion) The tendency to reduce a religion to its most fundamental tenets, based on strict interpretation of core texts.

fundamentalist fundamentalists n
fundamentalista fundamentalistka
One who reduces religion to strict interpretation of core or original texts.

fundamentalistic more fundamentalistic most fundamentalistic adj
fundamentalistyczny

funding /ˈfʌndɪŋ/ fundings n
finansowanie fundowanie
Money provided as funds.

fundraiser /ˈfʌnd.ɹeɪ.zə/ /ˈfʌnd.ɹeɪ.zɚ/ fundraisers n
zbiórka

funds /fʌndz/ [fəndz] n
środki (finansowe)
Financial resources.

funeral /ˈfjunəɹəl/ /ˈfjuːnəɹəl/ /ˈfjuːnɹəl/ funerals n
pogrzeb pogrzebanie
A ceremony to honour and remember a deceased person. Often distinguished from a memorial service by the presence of the body of the deceased.

funeral march funeral marches n
marsz pogrzebowy
(music) A slow march in a "simple duple" meter, often played at funerals.

funereal /fjuːˈnɪəɹɪ.əl/ more funereal most funereal adj
pogrzebowy
Of or relating to a funeral.

fungible /ˈfʌndʒɪbl/ /ˈfʌndʒɪbəl/ more fungible most fungible adj
wymienialny zamienialny zamienny
(finance, and, commerce) Able to be substituted for something of equal value or utility.

fungicidal adj
grzybobójczy
Having the ability to destroy or control fungus.

fungicide /ˈfʌnd͡ʒɪsaɪd/ /ˈfʌŋɡɪsaɪd/ fungicides n
fungicyd
A substance used to kill fungus

fungus /ˈfʌŋ.ɡəs/ fungi funguses n
grzyb
(mycology) Any member of the kingdom Fungi; a eukaryotic organism typically having chitin cell walls but no chlorophyll or plastids. Fungi may be unicellular or multicellular.

funhouse funhouses n
wesołe miasteczko

funk /fʌŋk/ funks n
funk
(uncountable, music genre) A style of music derived from 1960s soul music, with elements of rock and other styles, characterized by a prominent bass guitar, dance-friendly sound, a strong emphasis on the downbeat, and much syncopation.

funnel /ˈfʌnəl/ funnels n
lejek lijek
A utensil in the shape of an inverted hollow cone terminating in a narrow pipe, for channeling liquids or granular material; typically used when transferring said substances from any container into ones with a significantly smaller opening.

funny /ˈfʊnɪ/ /ˈfʌni/ /ˈfʌnɪ/ funnier funniest adj
zabawny śmieszny
Amusing; humorous; comical. [from mid-18th c.]

fur /fɜː(ɹ)/ /fɝ/ /fʌr/ furs n
futro sierść
(uncountable) The hairy coat of various mammal species, especially when fine, soft and thick.
futro
(uncountable) The hairy skins of animals used as a material for clothing.

fur coat fur coats n
kożuch
An outer garment for the upper body made of furry animal hides.

furan /ˈfjʊəɹæn/ furans n
furan
(organic compound) Any of a class of aromatic heterocyclic compounds containing a ring of four carbon atoms, two double bonds and an oxygen atom; especially the simplest one, C4H4O.

furious /ˈfjɝ.i.əs/ /ˈfjʊə.ɹɪəs/ /ˈfjʊɹ.i.əs/ more furious most furious adj
wściekły rozjuszony
Rushing with impetuosity; moving with violence.

furiously /ˈfjʊə̯ɹi.ə̯sli/ more furiously most furiously adv
wściekle
In a furious manner; angrily.

furlough /ˈfɜː(ɹ).ləʊ/ /ˈfɝ.loʊ/ furloughs n
przepustka urlop
A leave of absence or vacation.
przepustka
The documents authorizing such leave.

furnace /ˈfɜːnɪs/ /ˈfɝnɪs/ furnaces n
piec
An industrial heating device, such as for smelting metal or firing ceramics.

furnish /ˈfɜːnɪʃ/ /ˈfɝnɪʃ/ v
meblować umeblować
(transitive) To provide a place with furniture, or other equipment.
dostarczać dostarczyć zaopatrywać zaopatrzyć
(transitive, figuratively) To supply or give (something).
(transitive, figuratively) To supply (somebody) with something.

furnished /ˈfɜːnɪʃt/ /ˈfɝnɪʃt/ adj
umeblowany
supplied with furniture

furniture /ˈfɜːnɪtʃə/ /ˈfɝnɪt͡ʃɚ/ furnitures n
mebel
(now usually, _, uncountable) Large movable item(s), usually in a room, which enhance(s) the room's characteristics, functionally or decoratively.

furrier /ˈfɜɹiəɹ/ /ˈfɜːɹi.ə/ /ˈfʌɹi.ə/ [ˈfɝiɚ] [ˈfɝˑiɚ] furriers n
kuśnierz futrzarka futrzarz kuśnierka
A person who sells, makes, repairs, alters, cleans, or otherwise deals in clothing made of fur.

furrow /ˈfɝoʊ/ /ˈfʌɹoʊ/ /ˈfʌɹəʊ/ furrows n
bruzda
A trench cut in the soil, as when plowed in order to plant a crop.
zmarszczka
A deep wrinkle in the skin of the face, especially on the forehead.

furrow /ˈfɝoʊ/ /ˈfʌɹoʊ/ /ˈfʌɹəʊ/ v
marszczyć zmarszczyć
(transitive) To pull one's brows or eyebrows together due to concentration, worry, etc.

furry /ˈfɜːɹi/ /ˈfɝi/ furrier furriest adj
puszysty futrzany kudłaty
Covered with fur, or with something resembling fur.

furry /ˈfɜːɹi/ /ˈfɝi/ furries n
furas
A member of the furry fandom.

further /ˈfɜː.ðə/ /ˈfɝ.ðɚ/ adj
dalej
(comparative form of far) More distant; relatively distant.

further /ˈfɜː.ðə/ /ˈfɝ.ðɚ/ adv
dalej
(comparative form of far) To a greater extent or degree.
(conjunctive) Also; in addition; furthermore; moreover.

further education n
wyższe wykształcenie
(UK) Education beyond compulsory schooling, not including university-based higher education.

furthermore /ˈfɜː(ɹ).ðə(ɹ)ˌmɔː(ɹ)/ /ˈfɝ.ðɚˌmɔɹ/ adv
oprócz tego poza tym ponadto dodatkowo w dodatku
In addition; besides; further; what's more (i.e. to denote additional information).

furtively /ˈfɜːtɪvli/ more furtively most furtively adv
potajemnie ukradkiem chyłkiem cichaczem skrycie
In a furtive manner.

fury /ˈfjʊə.ɹi/ /ˈfjʊɚ.i/ /ˈfjʊɹ.i/ furies n
wściekłość szał furia
Extreme anger.

fuse /fjuːz/ fuses n
lont
A cord that, when lit, conveys the fire to some explosive device.
bezpiecznik
(electrical engineering) A device to prevent excessive overcurrent from overload or short circuit in an electrical circuit, containing a component that melts and interrupts the current when too high a load is passed through it.
bezpiecznik zapalnik
(manufacturing, mining, military) The mechanism that ignites the charge in an explosive device; a detonator.

fuse /fjuːz/ v
połączyć stopić
(transitive) To melt together; to blend; to mix indistinguishably.

fusel oil fusel oils n
fuzel niedogon
A mixture of several higher-order alcohols (alcohols with more than two carbon atoms) formed as byproduct in the normal fermentation process. An excessive concentration, as in low-quality moonshine, causes unpleasant taste.

fuselage /ˈfjuːsəˌlɑːʒ/ /ˈfjuːzəˌlɑːʒ/ fuselages n
kadłub
(aeronautical) The main body of an aerospace vehicle; the long central structure of an aircraft to which the wings (or rotors), tail, and engines are attached, and which accommodates crew and cargo.

fusil /ˈfjuːzɪl/ fusils n
muszkiet
(now, historical) A light flintlock musket or firelock.

fusilier /ˌfjuːzɪˈlɪə/ fusiliers n
fizylier fizylierka
An infantryman armed with a form of flintlock musket

fusillade /ˈfjuːsɪˌleɪd/ fusillades n
salwa
The simultaneous firing of a number of firearms.

fusilli /ˌfuːˈsiːli/ /ˌfuːˈziːli/ n
świderki fusilli
Pasta in the shape of short spirals.

fusion /ˈfjuː.ʒən/ fusions n
fusion
(music) A style of music that blends disparate genres; especially different types of jazz and reggae.
A style of cooking that combines ingredients and techniques from different countries or cultures
fuzja
(fiction) The act of two characters merging into one, typically more powerful, being; or the merged being itself.
(physics) A nuclear reaction in which nuclei combine to form more massive nuclei with the concomitant release of energy.
stopienie
The act of melting or liquefying something by heating it.

fusion center fusion centers n
centrum połączenia informacji

fuss /fʌs/ v
przejmować się przeżywać srać się
(intransitive) To be very worried or excited about something, often too much.

fussy /ˈfʌ.si/ fussier fussiest adj
wybredny
Anxious or particular about petty details; hard to please.

fustian /ˈfʌs.tɪ.ən/ /ˈfʌs.tʃən/ /ˈfʌs.t͡ʃən/ more fustian most fustian adj
barchanowy
Made out of fustian (noun sense 1).

fustian /ˈfʌs.tɪ.ən/ /ˈfʌs.tʃən/ /ˈfʌs.t͡ʃən/ fustians n
barchan
Originally, a kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; now, a kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff with a short pile and often dyed a dull colour, which is chiefly prepared for menswear.

futile /ˈfju.taɪ.əl/ /ˈfju.taɪl/ /ˈfju.təl/ /ˈfjuː.taɪl/ more futile most futile adj
daremny bezcelowy
Incapable of producing results, useless; doomed not to be successful; not worth attempting.

futility futilities n
daremność
(uncountable) The quality of being futile or useless.

futsal n
futsal
A form of soccer played indoors, with five players per team.

futtock /ˈfʌtək/ [ˈfəɾək] futtocks n
żebro
(nautical) Any of the curved rib-like timbers that form the frame of a wooden ship.

future /ˈfjuː.t͡ʃə(ɹ)/ adj
przyszły czas przyszły
Having to do with or occurring in the future.

future /ˈfjuː.t͡ʃə(ɹ)/ futures n
przyszłość czas przyszły
The time ahead; those moments yet to be experienced.
Something that will happen in moments yet to come.

future participle future participles n
imiesłów przyszły
A part of speech present in some languages (e.g. Latin, Hungarian and Georgian) but not in English that gives a sense of something about to happen.

future perfect future perfects futures perfect n
czas zaprzyszły
(grammar) A tense that expresses action completed at some time in the future; in English it is formed by use of will have (or shall have) and a past participle

future tense future tenses n
czas przyszły
(grammar) The tense or time form of a verb used to refer to an event or occurrence that has not yet happened or is expected to happen in the future.

futurism /ˈfjuːt͡ʃəɹɪzəm/ futurisms n
futuryzm
(art) An early 20th century avant-garde art movement focused on speed, the mechanical, and the modern, which took a deeply antagonistic attitude to traditional artistic conventions.

futurist more futurist most futurist adj
futurystyczny
In the style of futurism.

futurist futurists n
futurysta futurystka
(arts) An adherent to the principles of the artistic movement of futurism.

fuzzy /ˈfʌzi/ fuzzier fuzziest adj
rozmyty nieścisły
Vague or imprecise.
rozmyty
Not clear; unfocused.

fuzzy logic fuzzy logics n
logika rozmyta
(mathematics) A form of reasoning, derived from fuzzy set theory, whereby a truth value need not be exactly zero (false) or one (true), but rather can be zero, one, or any value in between.

fuzzy set fuzzy sets n
zbiór rozmyty
(fuzzy set theory, fuzzy logic) A set whose elements have degrees of membership, instead of only full and empty membership.

fyke fykes n
żak
(fishing) A type of fish-trap consisting of tubular nets that are supported by hoops.

fynbos n
fynbos
(botany) Vegetation unique to the Cape Floral Kingdom, made up chiefly of Proteaceae, restios, and Ericaceae.

féerie /ˈfeɪəɹi/ /ˈfɛəɹi/ féeries n
feeria

gabapentin /ˈɡæb.əˌpɛn.tɪn/ n
gabapentyna

gable /ˈɡeɪ.bəl/ gables n
szczyt
(architectural element) The triangular area at the peak of an external wall adjacent to, and terminating, two sloped roof surfaces (pitches).

gadget /ɡædʒɪt/ /ɡæd͡ʒət/ gadgets n
gadżet
Any device or machine, especially one whose name cannot be recalled. Often either clever or complicated.

gadolinium /ˌɡæd.əˈlɪn.i.əm/ gadoliniums n
gadolin
A chemical element (symbol Gd) with atomic number 64: a ductile silvery-white metal.

gadwall gadwalls n
krakwa
A common, widespread dabbling duck which breeds in the northern hemisphere (Mareca strepera, syn. Anas strepera).

gaff /ɡæf/ gaffs n
osęk osęka
A tool consisting of a large metal hook with a handle or pole, especially the one used to pull large fish aboard a boat.

gaffe /ɡæf/ gaffes n
gafa
A foolish and embarrassing error, especially one made in public.

gag /ɡæɡ/ gags n
knebel
A device to restrain speech, such as a rag in the mouth secured with tape or a rubber ball threaded onto a cord or strap.
gag
A joke or other mischievous prank.

gag /ɡæɡ/ v
kneblować zakneblować
(ambitransitive, slang, LGBT) To astonish (someone); (to cause someone) to be at a loss for words; to leave speechless; to be left speechless.

gaggling gagglings n
gęg gęganie gęgot
The cackling sound of a goose.

gaijin /ˈɡaɪˌd͡ʒɪn/ gaijin gaijins n
gaijin gaijinka
(from the perspective of a Japanese person) A non-Japanese person.

gain /ɡeɪn/ v
zyskać
(transitive) To acquire possession of.
przytyć tyć
(intransitive) To put on weight.

gain ground v
robić postępy zrobić postępy
To make progress or obtain advantage; to gain traction.

gait /ɡeɪt/ gaits n
chód krok
Manner of walking or stepping; bearing or carriage while moving on legs.
chód
(horses) One of the different ways in which a horse can move, either naturally or as a result of training.

gaiter /ˈɡeɪ.tə/ /ˈɡeɪ.təɹ/ gaiters n
stuptuty getry
A covering cloth or leather for the whole leg from the knee to the instep, fitting down upon the shoe.

galactic /ɡəˈlæktɪk/ more galactic most galactic adj
galaktyczny
(astronomy, specifically, sometimes capitalized) Relating to the Milky Way galaxy.

galactically adv
galaktycznie
With regard to galaxies, or in a galactic context.

galacto- prefix
galakto-

galactorrhea /ɡəˌlæktəˈɹiːə/ galactorrheas n
mlekotok
Lactation (secretion of milk from nipples) not associated with childbirth or nursing.

galactose /ɡəˈlaktəʊs/ /ɡəˈlaktəʊz/ galactoses n
galaktoza
(carbohydrate) A monosaccharide found, along with lactose, in dairy products, and is synthesized by the body where it is found associated with glycolipids and glycoproteins.

galah /ɡəˈlɑː/ galahs n
kakadu różowa
A pink and grey species of cockatoo, Eolophus roseicapilla, native to Australia.

galangal /ɡəˈlæŋɡəl/ galangals n
galgant gałgan
Any of several east Asian plants of genera Alpinia and Kaempferia in the ginger family, used as a spice, but principally Alpinia galanga.

galantamine /ɡəˈlæn.təˌmiːn/ n
galantamina

galantine /ɡalənˈtiːn/ /ˈɡaləntiːn/ galantines n
galantyna
A dish of boned, often stuffed meat (or fish) that has been boiled, and is served cold with its jelly. [from 18th c.]

galaxy /ˈɡæl.ək.si/ galaxies n
galaktyka
(galaxy) Any of the collections of many millions or billions of stars, galactic dust, black holes, etc. existing as independent and coherent systems, of which there are billions in the known universe. [from 19th c.]

gale /ɡeɪl/ gales n
wicher wichura
(meteorology) A very strong wind, more than a breeze, less than a storm; number 7 through to 9 winds on the 12-step Beaufort scale.
woskownica
A shrub, also called sweet gale or bog myrtle (Myrica gale), that grows on moors and fens.
wybuch
An outburst, especially of laughter.

galimatias /-ˈmæti.əs/ /ˌɡæləˈmeɪʃi.əs/ n
gmatwanina
nonsense, gobbledygook

gall /ɡɑl/ /ɡɔːl/ galls n
galas galasówka
(plant disease) A blister or tumor-like growth found on the surface of plants, caused by various pathogens, especially the burrowing of insect larvae into the living tissues, such as that of the common oak gall wasp (Cynips quercusfolii).

gall bladder gall bladders n
woreczek żółciowy pęcherzyk żółciowy
(anatomy) A pear-shaped organ that stores bile from the liver, until the body needs it for the digestion and absorption of fats in the duodenum.

gall wasp gall wasps n
galasówka
Any insect of the family Cynipidae, whose larvae damage plants, particularly oak trees, creating galls.

gallant /ɡəˈlænt/ /ɡəˈlɑnt/ /ˈɡælənt/ more gallant most gallant adj
szarmancki
Polite and attentive to ladies; courteous to women; chivalrous.

gallant /ˈɡælənt/ more gallant most gallant adj
szarmancki
Brave, valiant, courteous, especially with regard to male attitudes towards women.

galleon /ˈɡæ.li.ən/ /ˈɡæl.jən/ galleons n
galeon galeona
A large, three masted, square rigged sailing ship with at least two decks.

gallery /ˈɡæləɹi/ galleries n
galeria
An institution, building, or room for the exhibition and conservation of works of art.
An establishment that buys, sells, and displays works of art.
The uppermost seating area projecting from the rear or side walls of a theater, concert hall, or auditorium.
A roofed promenade, especially one extending along the wall of a building and supported by arches or columns on the outer side

galley /ˈɡæli/ galleys gallies n
galera
(nautical, historical) A long, slender ship propelled primarily by oars, whether having masts and sails or not; usually a rowed warship used in the Mediterranean from the 16th century until the modern era.
kambuz kuchnia pokładowa
(nautical) The cookroom or kitchen and cooking apparatus of a vessel or aircraft; sometimes on merchant vessels called the caboose.

galley slave galley slaves n
galernik
(historical, nautical) A slave who rows in a galley (type of ship).

gallic acid n
kwas galusowy
(chemistry) a phenolic carboxylic acid, 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, found in galls, tea, the bark of some trees etc; a constituent of tannin

galliform more galliform most galliform adj
grzebiący
Of or pertaining to a chicken or other member of the order Galliformes.

gallinaceous more gallinaceous most gallinaceous adj
grzebiący kurowaty
(zoology) related to the genus Gallus, poultry; notably said of the order Galliformes.

gallium /ˈɡæliəm/ n
gal
A chemical element (symbol Ga) with an atomic number of 31; a soft bluish metal.

gallium arsenide n
arsenek galu
(inorganic compound) A binary compound of gallium and arsenic, GaAs, used as a semiconductor, especially in light-emitting diodes.

gallon /ˈɡælən/ gallons n
galon
A unit of volume, equivalent to eight pints

gallop /ˈɡæləp/ gallops n
cwał galop
The fastest gait of a horse, a two-beat stride during which all four legs are off the ground simultaneously.

gallop /ˈɡæləp/ v
galopować cwałować
(intransitive) To ride at a galloping pace.

gallows /ˈɡæloʊz/ /ˈɡæləs/ /ˈɡæləʊz/ gallows gallowses n
szubienica
Wooden framework on which persons are put to death by hanging. [from 1300s]

gallows humor n
wisielczy humor
(American spelling, idiomatic) Comedy that still manages to be funny in the face of, and in response to, a tragic or hopeless situation.

gallstone gallstones n
kamień żółciowy

galoot /ɡəˈluːt/ galoots n
bałwan bałwanica
(derogatory) A clumsy or uncouth person.

galosh /ɡəˈlɒʃ/ galoshes n
kalosz gumiak gumowiec
(British) A waterproof overshoe used to provide protection from rain or snow.

galvanic /ɡælˈvænɪk/ more galvanic most galvanic adj
galwaniczny
Of or pertaining to galvanism; electric.

galvanically more galvanically most galvanically adv
galwanicznie
In a galvanic manner.

galvanization galvanizations n
galwanizacja galwanizowanie
The act or process of galvanizing.

galvanoplasty n
galwanoplastyka
The process of galvanizing, of coating with a thin layer of metal by electrochemical means.

gambeson /ˈɡæm.bɪ.sən/ gambesons n
przeszywanica
(historical) A defensive garment formerly in use for the body, made of cloth stuffed and quilted, often worn as padding under armor.

gambier n
czepota gambir
A flowering plant, Uncaria gambir, family Rubiaceae, native to Southeast Asia.

gambit /ˈɡæmbɪt/ gambits n
gambit
(chess) An opening in chess in which a minor piece or a pawn is sacrificed to gain an advantage.
Any ploy or stratagem.

gamble /ˈɡæm.bəl/ gambles n
hazard
A significant risk, undertaken with a potential gain.

gamble /ˈɡæm.bəl/ v
ryzykować
To take a risk, with the potential of a positive outcome.
grać
To play risky games, especially casino games, for monetary gain.

gambler gamblers n
hazardzista hazardzistka
One who plays at a game of chance, who gambles.

gambling /ˈɡæm.blɪŋ/ /ˈɡæm.bl̩.ɪŋ/ gamblings n
hazard
An activity characterised by a balance between winning and losing that is governed by a mixture of skill and chance, usually with money wagered on the outcome.

gambling house gambling houses n
dom gry kasyno
A building in which gambling is done.

gamboge /-ˈboʊʒ/ /-ˈbəʊʒ/ /ɡæmˈbuʒ/ /ɡæmˈbuːʒ/ gamboges n
gumiguta
The resin of the gamboge tree; a preparation of the resin used as a pigment or for medicinal purposes. [from early 18th c.]

game /ɡeɪm/ games n
gra
(countable) A particular instance of playing a game.
(countable) An activity described by a set of rules, especially for the purpose of entertainment, often competitive or having an explicit goal.
gra zabawa
A playful activity that may be unstructured; an amusement or pastime.
dziczyzna zwierzyna łowna
(uncountable) Wild animals hunted for food.

game /ɡeɪm/ v
grać
(intransitive) To play card games, board games, or video games.

game of chance games of chance n
gra hazardowa
(games, probability) A game in which the outcome is at least partly determined by random variables rather than strictly by strategy.

game over /ˌɡeɪm ˈoʊ.vɚ/ /ˌɡeɪm ˈəʊ.və(ɹ)/ phraseologicalUnit
koniec gry
(video games) A message signaling that the game has ended, usually because the player failed (for example by losing all of their lives) but sometimes following successful completion of the game.
po ptokach
(by extension) The end of some ongoing situation due to either failure or success, typically failure.

game piece game pieces n
pionek
A hand-held object representing a player or some other entity in a board game.

game plan game plans n
plan gry
(idiomatic) Any strategy devised to reach a given objective.

game theory n
teoria gier
(mathematics, economics) A branch of applied mathematics that studies strategic situations in which individuals or organisations choose various actions in an attempt to maximize their returns.

game-filled adj
pełen dziczyzny

gameboard /ˈɡeɪm.bɔɹd/ /ˈɡeɪm.bɔːd/ gameboards n
plansza
(board games) A portable surface marked for playing a game, and on which the counters or other pieces are placed and moved.

gamecock gamecocks n
kogut do walki
A rooster used in cockfighting.

gamepad /ˈɡeɪm.pæd/ gamepads n
gamepad joypad kontroler pad
(video games) A type of game controller held in both hands and controlled with the thumbs.

gameplay /ˈɡeɪmˌpleɪ/ gameplays n
gra rozgrywka
The totality of player experiences during a game, such as the gaming environment and the competitive interaction with other players; often with reference to a video game or a board game.

gamete /ˈɡæmiːt/ gametes n
gameta
(cytology) A reproductive cell (sperm in males or eggs in females), having only half of a complete set of chromosomes.

gamma /ˈɡæ.mə/ gammas n
gamma
The third letter of the Greek alphabet (Γ, γ), preceded by beta (Β, β) and followed by delta, (Δ, δ).

gamma function gamma functions n
funkcja gamma
(analysis) A meromorphic function which generalizes the notion of factorial to complex numbers and has singularities at the nonpositive integers; any of certain generalizations or analogues of said function, such as extend the factorial to domains other than the complex numbers.

gammon /ˈɡæmən/ gammons n
baleron
A cut of quick-cured pork leg.

gamut /ˈɡæm.ət/ /ˈɡæm.ɪt/ gamuts n
gama
A (normally) complete range.
(music) All the notes in a musical scale.

gander /ˈɡæn.də(ɹ)/ ganders n
gąsior
A male goose.

gang /ɡeɪŋ/ /ɡæŋ/ gangs n
banda ferajna paczka
A number going in company; a number of friends or persons associated for a particular purpose.
szajka banda gang
A criminal group with a common cultural background and identifying features, often associated with a particular section of a city.
A group of criminals or alleged criminals who band together for mutual protection and profit.

gangbang /ˈɡæŋ.bæŋ/ gangbangs n
gang bang
(vulgar) An act of two or more people having sex with one person who is the focus of the sexual activity.

ganglion /ˈɡæŋ.ɡli.ən/ ganglia ganglions n
zwój nerwowy zwój
An encapsulated collection of nerve cell bodies, typically linked by synapses, and often forming a swelling on a nerve fiber.

gangrene /ˈɡaŋˌɡɹiːn/ /ˈɡæŋˌɡɹin/ gangrenes n
zgorzel gangrena
The necrosis or rotting of flesh, usually caused by lack of blood supply.

gangster /ˈɡæŋ.stə/ /ˈɡæŋ.stɚ/ gangsteress gangsters n
bandyta gangster
A member of a criminal or street gang.

gangsterdom gangsterdoms n
gangsterstwo
The realm or sphere of gangsters.

gangsteress /ˌɡæŋstəˈɹɛs/ gangsteresses n
gangsterka
A female gangster.

gangsterhood n
gangsterstwo
The state or period of being a gangster.

gangsterness n
gangsterstwo gangsteryzm
The state, quality, or condition of being a gangster

gangstership n
gangsterka gangsterstwo gangsteryzm
The state or official status of a gangster

gangway interjection
z drogi
(to a crowd) Make way! Clear a path!

gangway gangways n
trap
An articulating bridge or ramp, such as from land to a dock or a ship.
A temporary passageway, such as one made of planks.
(nautical) A passage along either side of a ship's upper deck.
(nautical) A passage through the side of a ship or an opening in the railing through which the ship may be boarded.
przejście trap
(rare, obsolete, outside, dialects) A clear path through a crowd or a passageway with people.
przejście
A passageway through a passenger car

gannet /ˈɡænɪt/ gannets n
głuptak
Any of three species of large seabird in the genus Morus, of the family Sulidae. They have black and white bodies and long pointed wings, and hunt for fish by plunge diving and pursuing their prey underwater.

gantry /ˈɡæntɹi/ gantries n
stelaż
A framework of steel bars resting on side supports to bridge over or around something.

gantry crane gantry cranes n
suwnica

gap /ɡæp/ gaps n
szczelina
An opening allowing passage or entrance.
dziura szczelina szpara
An opening that implies a breach or defect.
okienko przerwa
A vacant space or time.

gap year gap years n
gap year
A yearlong break from study taken by some students on leaving school before starting university, often spent gaining work experience or travelling.

gap-toothed adj
szczerbaty
exhibiting a gap between the teeth, especially between the two upper central incisors

garage /ɡ(ə)ɹæ(d)ʒ/ /ɡ(ə)ˈɹɑ(d)ʒ/ /ˈɡæ.ɹɑː(d)ʒ/ /ˈɡæ.ɹɪdʒ/ garages n
garaż
A building (or section of a building) used to store a car or cars, tools and other miscellaneous items.

garage door garage doors n
drzwi garażowe
The large door on a garage which a car can come in through.

garam masala garam masalas n
garam masala
A mixture of spices used in Indian dishes, such as coriander, cumin, cloves, cinnamon, nutmeg, star anise, and chillis.

garb /ɡɑː(ɹ)b/ garbs n
strój
A type of dress or clothing. [from early 17thc.]

garbage /ɡɑ(ɹ)ˈbɑːʒ/ /ˈɡɑɹbɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈɡɑːbɪd͡ʒ/ n
śmieci odpady
Useless or disposable material; waste material of any kind.

garbage can garbage cans n
kosz na śmieci śmietnik
(North America) A receptacle, usually roughly cylindrical and wider at the top than at the bottom, which serves as a place to discard waste materials.

garbage collector garbage collectors n
śmieciarka śmieciarz
(US, Canada) A worker who removes refuse.

garbage truck garbage trucks n
śmieciarka
(US, Canada) A vehicle for the collection and removal of domestic waste

garden /-n̩/ /ˈɡɑɹdən/ /ˈɡɑːdən/ gardens n
ogród
(in the plural) Such an ornamental place to which the public have access.
sad ogród
An outdoor area containing one or more types of plants, usually plants grown for food or ornamental purposes.
ogród działka
(Britain, Ireland, Appalachia) The grounds at the front or back of a house.
ogródek
(figuratively) A cluster; a bunch.
łoniaki
(slang) Pubic hair or the genitalia it masks.

garden /-n̩/ /ˈɡɑɹdən/ /ˈɡɑːdən/ v
uprawiać ogródek
(intransitive, chiefly, North America) To grow plants in a garden; to create or maintain a garden.

garden balsam n
balsamina niecierpek ogrodowy
Impatiens balsamina, an annual flowering plant native to southern Asia.

garden cress /ˈɡɑːdn̩ kɹɛs/ garden cresses n
pieprzyca siewna rzeżucha ogrodowa pieprzyca rzeżucha rzeżucha siewna
(uncountable) The pungent leaves of the plant, used in salads.

garden gnome garden gnomes n
krasnal ogrodowy
A small statue of a gnome used as a garden ornament.

garden shed garden sheds n
szopa ogrodowa
A toolshed in a garden or allotment, holding gardening equipment.

garden warbler garden warblers n
gajówka
Sylvia borin, a plain, but common warbler, Sylvia borin, that breeds in Europe and western Asia, wintering in sub-Saharan Africa.

gardener /ˈɡɑɹd.nɚ/ /ˈɡɑɹd.n̩.ɚ/ /ˈɡɑːd.nə/ /ˈɡɑːd.n̩.ə/ gardeners n
ogrodnik ogrodniczka badylarka badylarz
One who gardens; one who grows plants or cultivates a garden.

gardenia /ɡɑɹˈdinjə/ /ɡɑːˈdiːnjə/ gardenias n
gardenia
Any of various tropical evergreen small trees or shrubs, of the genus Gardenia, having glossy leaves and white flowers.

gardening gardenings n
ogrodnictwo badylarstwo
The process or action of cultivating the soil, particularly in a garden; the care of a garden; horticulture.

garfish garfish garfishes n
belona
(especially, UK, Ireland) Any fish of the needlefish family Belonidae, with a long narrow body and needle-shaped jaws, especially the European species Belone belone.

garganey garganeys n
cyranka
A small dabbling duck, Anas querquedula, that breeds in much of Europe and western Asia, and winters in Africa.

gargantuan /ɡɑɹˈɡæn.t͡ʃu.ən/ more gargantuan most gargantuan adj
gigantyczny gargantuiczny
Huge; immense; tremendous.
gargantuiczny
(obsolete) Of the giant Gargantua or his appetite.

gargoyle /ˈɡɑɹ.ɡɔɪl/ /ˈɡɑː.ɡɔɪl/ gargoyles n
rzygacz gargulec
A carved grotesque figure on a spout which conveys water away from the gutters.
gargulec
Any decorative carved grotesque figure on a building.

garish /ˈɡɛəɹɪʃ/ more garish most garish adj
jaskrawy krzykliwy
Overly ostentatious; so colourful as to be in bad taste. [from 1540s]

garland /ˈɡaː.lənd/ /ˈɡɑɹ.lənd/ /ˈɡɑː.lənd/ garlands n
girlanda
A circular or linear decoration, especially one of plaited flowers or leaves, worn on the body or draped as a decoration.

garlic /ˈɡɑɹlɪk/ /ˈɡɑːlɪk/ garlics n
czosnek
A plant, Allium sativum, related to the onion, having a pungent bulb much used in cooking.

garlic bread garlic breads n
chleb czosnkowy
A type of bread topped with garlic, often served with pasta dishes.

garlic mustard n
czosnaczek
A woodland herb (Alliaria petiolata) that has a garlic-like aroma, considered highly invasive in New World.

garlic press garlic presses n
praska do czosnku wyciskacz do czosnku wyciskarka do czosnku
A utensil used to crush garlic

garment /ˈɡɑɹ.mənt/ /ˈɡɑː.mənt/ garments n
ubranie
A single item of clothing.

garner /ˈɡɑː.nə/ /ˈɡɑːɹ.nɚ/ v
zbierać zebrać
To reap grain, gather it up, and store it in a granary.

garnet /ˈɡɑː(ɹ).nət/ garnets n
granat
(mineral) A hard transparent mineral that is often used as gemstones and abrasives.

garnish /ˈɡɑɹnɪʃ/ /ˈɡɑːnɪʃ/ garnishes n
garnir garnirowanie garnirunek
(cookery) Something set round or upon a dish as an embellishment.

garnish /ˈɡɑɹnɪʃ/ /ˈɡɑːnɪʃ/ v
dekorować ozdobić garnirować ozdabiać udekorować
To decorate with ornaments; to adorn; to embellish.

garniture garnitures n
garnitur
Something that garnishes; a decoration, adornment or embellishment

garret /ˈɡæɹɪt/ /ˈɡɛɹɪt/ garrets n
poddasze
An attic or semi-finished room just beneath the roof of a house.

garrison /ˈɡæɹ.ɪ.sən/ /ˈɡɛɹ.ə.sən/ garrisons n
garnizon koszary
A permanent military post.
garnizon
The troops stationed at such a post.

garrulous /ˈɡæɹ.jə.ləs/ /ˈɡæɹ.jʊ.ləs/ /ˈɡæɹ.ə.ləs/ /ˈɡæɹ.ʊ.ləs/ /ˈɡɛɹ.jə.ləs/ /ˈɡɛɹ.ə.ləs/ more garrulous most garrulous adj
gadatliwy
Excessively or tiresomely talkative.

garter /ˈɡɑːtə/ /ˈɡɑːɹtɚ/ garters n
podwiązka
A band worn around the leg to hold up a sock or stocking.

garuda /ɡəˈɹuːdə/ /ˈɡæɹʊdə/ garudas n
garuda
A large mythical bird or bird-like creature that appears in both Hindu and Buddhist mythology. Garuda is the son of Vinata.

garum garums n
garum
A fermented fish sauce popular as a condiment in Ancient Rome.

gas /ɡæs/ /ɡæz/ gases gasses n
gaz
(uncountable, chemistry) Matter in an intermediate state between liquid and plasma that can be contained only if it is fully surrounded by a solid (or in a bubble of liquid, or held together by gravitational pull); it can condense into a liquid, or can (rarely) become a solid directly by deposition.
(countable, chemistry) A chemical element or compound in such a state.
gaz gazy
(uncountable) A flammable gaseous hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon mixture used as a fuel, e.g. for cooking, heating, electricity generation or as a fuel in internal combustion engines in vehicles, especially natural gas.
benzyna
(uncountable, North America, New Zealand) Gasoline, a light derivative of petroleum used as fuel.

gas chamber gas chambers n
komora gazowa
A sealed chamber in which people are executed with poison gas.

gas guzzling more gas guzzling most gas guzzling adj
benzynożerny

gas main gas mains n
gazociąg

gas mask /ɡæs mæsk/ /ɡæs mɑːsk/ gas masks n
maska przeciwgazowa maska gazowa
A covering for the face with a filter to protect the user from poison gas.

gas pipeline gas pipelines n
gazociąg

gas plant gas plants n
dyptam jesionolistny
A fragrant perennial in the rue family, Dictamnus albus, that gives off so much volatile essential oil that it sometimes can be lit and will burn briefly without harming the plant.

gas pump gas pumps n
dystrybutor paliwa
(North America) A device at a gas station that dispenses gasoline.

gas station gas stations n
stacja benzynowa stacja paliw benzynówka cepeen
(North America, New Zealand, Philippines) filling station / petrol station; an establishment which sells gasoline (petrol) and often also diesel

gas tank gas tanks n
zbiornik benzyny
(US) A fuel tank for gasoline built into equipment, especially vehicles.

gas turbine gas turbines n
turbina gazowa
An internal combustion engine consisting of a compressor, a combustion chamber, and a turbine, where the turbine mechanically powers the compressor.

gas-powered adj
benzynowy
Powered by a gasoline engine.

gaseous /ˈɡæʃəs/ more gaseous most gaseous adj
gazowy
Relating to, or existing as gas (matter in an intermediate state between liquid and plasma).
gazowany
Of a liquid containing bubbles: gassy.

gasfitter gasfitters n
gazownik
A person who installs and services gas fixtures and appliances.

gasholder gasholders n
gazometr

gasification gasifications n
zgazowanie
The action of gasifying.

gasket /ˈɡæs.kɪt/ gaskets n
uszczelka
(mechanics) Any mechanical seal that serves to fill the space between two objects, generally to prevent leakage between the two objects while under compression.

gaslight /ˈɡæslaɪt/ /ˈɡæsˌlaɪt/ gaslights n
lampa gazowa
A lamp which operates by burning piped illuminating gas (or town gas).
oświetlenie gazowe
The light produced by the burning gas in such a lamp.

gasoline /ɡæsl̩ˈin/ /ɡæsˈlin/ /ˈɡæs.ə.liːn/ [ɡæsɵˈlin] [ɡæˈsɵlin] gasolines n
benzyna
(uncountable, North America) A flammable liquid consisting of a mixture of refined petroleum hydrocarbons, mainly used as a motor fuel; petrol.

gassy /ˈɡæsi/ gassier gassiest adj
gazowany
(specifically, of a beverage) Containing dissolved gas (usually carbon dioxide); fizzy.

gastric /ˈɡæstɹɪk/ adj
żołądkowy
Of or relating to the stomach.

gastric acid gastric acids n
kwas żołądkowy sok żołądkowy
(biochemistry) The acidic secretion of the stomach; mostly hydrochloric acid.

gastric band gastric bands n
opaska żołądkowa

gastrinoma gastrinomas gastrinomata n
gastrinoma
A tumour that secretes gastrin.

gastro- /ˈɡæstɹoʊ-/ /ˈɡæstɹəʊ-/ prefix
gastro-
of or relating to the stomach
of or relating to cooking

gastrocnemius /ˌɡæstɹəkˈniːmiəs/ gastrocnemii n
miȩsień brzuchaty łydki
The muscle at the back of the calf, whose insertion is the Achilles tendon at the heel.

gastrodiplomacy /ˌɡæstɹoʊdɪˈploʊməsi/ /ˌɡæstɹəʊdɪˈpləʊməsi/ n
dyplomacja kulinarna
A type of cultural diplomacy where relations between representatives of different cultures are improved by the means of gastronomy and the promotion of national cuisines.

gastroenteritis gastroenterites gastroenteritides n
grypa żołądkowa
(medicine) Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the stomach and intestine; often caused by an infection.

gastroenterology n
gastroenterologia
(medicine) The study of the digestive system, from the mouth to the anus; may also include the study of accessory organs: pancreas, liver, gallbladder and bile ducts.

gastrology n
gastrologia
the scientific study of the stomach

gastronomy /ɡæˈstɹɒnəmi/ gastronomies n
gastronomia
The study of the relationship between food and culture.

gastropod /ˈɡæstɹəˌpɑd/ gastropods n
brzuchonóg ślimak
Any member of a class of mollusks (Gastropoda) that includes snails and slugs; univalve mollusk.

gastroscopy gastroscopies n
gastroskopia
An examination of esophagus, stomach and duodenum using endoscope.

gate /ɡeɪt/ gates n
brama wrota furtka
A doorlike structure outside a house.
brama
Doorway, opening, or passage in a fence or wall.
bramka
Passageway (as in an air terminal) where passengers can embark or disembark.
(computing) A logical pathway made up of switches which turn on or off. Examples are and, or, nand, etc.
A tally mark consisting of four vertical bars crossed by a diagonal, representing a count of five.

gateau gateaus gateaux n
tort
(mostly, UK) A rich, usually iced, cake.

gatecrash /ˈɡeɪtkɹaʃ/ v
wchodzić na krzywy ryj
To attend a social event without having been invited, or without having paid.

gatecrasher gatecrashers n
wchodzący na krzywy ryj
(slang) A person who enters some event without a ticket or invitation, either by stealth or by deception.

gather /ˈɡæðə/ /ˈɡæðɚ/ v
gromadzić zbierać zebrać zgromadzić
(architecture) To bring together, or nearer together, in masonry, as for example where the width of a fireplace is rapidly diminished to the width of the flue.

gather dust v
zbierać kurz zebrać kurz

gathering /ˈɡæð.ə.ɹɪŋ/ /ˈɡæð.ɚ.ɪŋ/ gatherings n
biesiada
A meeting or get-together; a party or social function.
zebranie zgromadzenie
A group of people or things.
składka
(bookbinding) A section, a group of bifolios, or sheets of paper, stacked together and folded in half.

gatsby gatsbies n
gatsby

gaudy /ˈɡɑ.di/ /ˈɡɔ.di/ /ˈɡɔː.di/ gaudier gaudiest adj
jarmarczny
Very showy or ornamented, now especially when excessive, or in a tasteless or vulgar manner.

gauge /ˈɡeɪd͡ʒ/ gauges n
miara wymiar
A measure; a standard of measure; an instrument to determine dimensions, distance, or capacity; a standard
przyrząd pomiarowy wzorzec
Any instrument for ascertaining or regulating the level, state, dimensions or forms of things

gauge /ˈɡeɪd͡ʒ/ v
mierzyć dokonywać pomiaru
(transitive) To measure or determine with a gauge; to measure the capacity of.

gauleiter /ˈɡaʊlaɪtə/ gauleiters n
gauleiter
(historical) An official in charge of a district of Nazi Germany.

gaunt /ɡɑːnt/ /ɡɔːnt/ gaunter gauntest adj
szczupły
Lean, angular, and bony.
wymizerowany
Haggard, drawn, and emaciated.

gauntlet /ˈɡɔːnt.lət/ gauntlets n
rękawica
Protective armor for the hands, formerly thrown down as a challenge to combat.

gaur /ɡaʊə/ /ɡaʊəɹ/ gaur gaurs n
gaur indyjski
An Asian species of wild bovine (Bos gaurus), of large size and an untamable disposition.

gauze /ɡɔːz/ gauzes n
gaza
A thin fabric with a loose, open weave.
(medicine) A similar bleached cotton fabric used as a surgical dressing.
bandaż
A thin woven metal or plastic mesh.

gauzy gauzier gauziest adj
zwiewny
Resembling gauze; light, thin, translucent.
(figurative) light; giving the effect of haze

gavial /ˈɡeɪ.vi.əl/ gavials n
gawial
The crocodilian Gavialis gangeticus; any species of the family Gavialidae.

gavotte gavottes n
gawot
A French dance, in either 4/4 or 2/2 time.

gawk /ɡɑk/ /ɡɔːk/ gawks n
gamoń
A fool; a simpleton; a stupid or clumsy person.

gawk /ɡɑk/ /ɡɔːk/ v
gapić się
To stare or gape stupidly.

gay /ɡeɪ/ gayer gayest adj
gejowski pedalski
(loosely, of appearance or behavior) Being in accordance with stereotypes of gay people, especially gay men.
homoseksualny
(colloquial) Not heterosexual, or not cisgender: homosexual, bisexual, asexual, transgender, etc.
zmanierowany zniewieściały
(loosely, of a person, especially a man) Exhibiting appearance or behavior that accords with stereotypes of gay people, especially gay men.
(slang, humorous, with for) Infatuated with something, aligning with homosexual stereotypes.
radosny wesół
(dated) Happy, joyful, and lively.

gay /ɡeɪ/ gays n
gej homoseksualista ciepły
(now, _, chiefly, in plural) A homosexual, especially a male homosexual.

gay marriage gay marriages n
małżeństwo homoseksualne małżeństwo jednopłciowe małżeństwo osób tej samej płci
Marriage between two people of the same sex.

gay pride n
gay pride
A feeling of pride in one's homosexuality; embrace of a positive gay identity and rejection of shame imposed by homophobia.

gay-friendly more gay-friendly most gay-friendly adj
gay-friendly
(of a venue) Open to, but not necessarily aimed at, gay people.

gazebo /ɡəˈziːboʊ/ /ɡəˈziːbəʊ/ gazeboes gazebos n
altana
A belvedere, either a type of summer-house or a roofed, detached porch-like structure, usually in a yard, park or lawn.

gazelle /ɡəˈzɛl/ gazelle gazelles n
gazela
An antelope of either of the genera Gazella (mostly native to Africa) or Procapra (native to Asia), capable of running at high speeds for long periods.

gazette /ɡəˈzɛt/ gazettes n
gazeta
A newspaper; a printed sheet published periodically.
dziennik urzędowy
(law, often, _, capitalized, _, and, _) A official periodical publication published by a government containing legal and state notices, and in some cases, legislations, subsidiary legislations and bills.

gazetteer gazetteers n
gazeter
A geographic dictionary or index.

gazpacho /ɡəsˈpæt͡ʃəʊ/ /ɡəsˈpɑːt͡ʃəʊ/ gazpachos n
gazpacho
A cold soup of Spanish origin, made with olive oil, vinegar and raw vegetables such as tomatoes, garlic, onion, cucumber and sweet peppers.

gcd gcds n
NWD
(mathematics) Initialism of greatest common divisor.

gear /ɡɪə(ɹ)/ /ɡɪɚ/ gears n
bieg
(countable, automotive) A configuration of the transmission of a motor car so as to achieve a particular ratio of engine to axle torque.

gear lever gear levers n
dźwignia zmiany biegów
(British) The lever used to change gears in a motor car.

gear wheel /ɡɪə(ɹ) ʍiːl/ /ɡɪɚ ʍil/ gear wheels n
koło zębate trybik
(mechanics) A wheel with a toothed rim, intended to engage with others, or similar equipment, to form a gear.

gearbox gearboxes n
skrzynia biegów
That part of a car's transmission containing the train of gears, and to which the gear lever is connected.

gecko /ˈɡɛ.koʊ/ /ˈɡɛ.kəʊ/ geckoes geckos n
gekon
Any lizard of the family Gekkonidae. They are small, carnivorous, mostly nocturnal animals with large eyes and adhesive toes enabling them to climb on vertical and upside-down surfaces.

geek /ɡiːk/ geeks n
geek
(colloquial, by extension) An expert in a technical field, particularly one having to do with computers.

geez /d͡ʒiːz/ interjection
Jezu jeju
(euphemistic) An exclamation denoting surprise or frustration.

gefilte fish /ɡəˈfɪltə fɪʃ/ n
karp po żydowsku

gegenschein /ˈɡeɪ.ɡənˌʃaɪn/ gegenscheins n
przeciwblask

geisha /ˈɡeɪ.ʃə/ geisha geishas n
gejsza
A Japanese female entertainer skilled in various arts such as tea ceremony, dancing, singing and calligraphy.

gel /d͡ʒɛl/ [d͡ʒɛɫ] gels n
żel
A semi-solid to almost solid colloid of a solid and a liquid, such as jelly, cheese or opal.
Any gel intended for a particular cosmetic use, such as for styling the hair.

gelada /dʒəˈlɑːdə/ geladas n
dżelada
Any of species Theropithecus gelada of Old World monkeys, distinguished from baboons by the bright patch of skin on their chests.

gelatin /ˈd͡ʒɛlətiːn/ /ˈd͡ʒɛlətɪn/ /ˈd͡ʒɛləʔ.n̩/ gelatins n
żelatyna
A protein derived through partial hydrolysis of the collagen extracted from animal skin, bones, cartilage, ligaments, etc.
An edible jelly made from this material.

gelding /ˈɡɛldɪŋ/ geldings n
wałach
A castrated male horse.
Any castrated male animal.

gem /d͡ʒɛm/ /d͡ʒɪm/ gems n
kamień szlachetny klejnot
A precious stone, usually of substantial monetary value or prized for its beauty or shine.
klejnot perła skarb
(figuratively) Any precious or highly valued thing or person.

geminate /ˈd͡ʒɛmɪneɪt/ /ˈd͡ʒɛmɪnət/ geminates n
geminata
(phonology) A doubled or repeated letter or speech sound.

gemmule /ˈd͡ʒɛmjuːl/ /ˈd͡ʒɛˌm(j)ul/ gemmules n
gemula
(specifically, zoology) A small gemma or bud of dormant embryonic cells produced by some freshwater sponges (phylum Porifera) that develops into a new sponge.

gemology /d͡ʒɛmˈɑl.ə.dʒi/ n
gemmologia
The art and science of gems.

gemstone /ˈd͡ʒɛmˌstoʊn/ gemstones n
klejnot kamień szlachetny
A gem, usually made of minerals.

gemütlich /ɡəˈmutlɪk/ /ɡəˈmytlɪç/ /ɡəˈmyːtlɪç/ more gemütlich most gemütlich adj
przytulny
Comfortable, cosy, cozy, pleasant.

gen up v
podkuwać się podkuć się

gendarme /ʒɑn.ˈdɑɹm/ /ʒɒn.ˈdɑːm/ gendarmes gensdarmes n
żandarm
A member of the gendarmerie, a military body charged with police duties.

gendarmerie /ˈʒɑn.dɑɹ.mə.ɹi/ /ˈʒɒn.dɑː.mə.ɹi/ gendarmeries n
żandarmeria
A military body charged with police duties among the civilian population.

gender /ˈd͡ʒɛndə/ /ˈd͡ʒɛndɚ/ genders n
płeć
rodzaj
(obsolete) Class; kind. [14th–19th c.]
(grammar) A division of nouns and pronouns (and sometimes of other parts of speech) into masculine or feminine, and sometimes other categories like neuter or common, and animate or inanimate. [from 14th c.]
gender rodzaj
Identification as a man, a woman, or something else, and association with a (social) role or set of behavioral and cultural traits, clothing, etc; a category to which a person belongs on this basis. (Compare gender role, gender identity.) [from 20th c.]

gender dysphoria gender dysphorias n
dysforia płciowa
A profound and persistent unhappiness caused by having characteristics (body parts, clothing, etc) of, or being perceived as, a gender different from one's gender identity, experienced especially by transgender people.

gender identity /-ɪ.ɾi/ /ˈd͡ʒɛn.də aɪˈdɛn.tɪ.ti/ /ˈd͡ʒɛn.dɚ aɪˈdɛɾ̃.ə.ɾi/ [-ɪ.ɾi] [ˈd͡ʒɛn.dɚ aɪˈdɛn.ə.ɾi] gender identities n
tożsamość płciowa
(psychology) An individual's internal sense of self as belonging to a particular gender or genders, or to no gender.

gender studies n
gender gender studies
An academic discipline which analyses constructions of gender and sexuality in society (with reference to other sociological characteristics like class, education, ethnicity, nationality, religion, etc.).

genderless /ˈd͡ʒɛn.də.ləs/ /ˈd͡ʒɛn.dɚ.ləs/ more genderless most genderless adj
bezrodzajowy

gene /d͡ʒiːn/ genes n
gen
(genetics) A theoretical unit of heredity of living organisms; a gene may take several values and in principle predetermines a precise trait of an organism's form (phenotype), such as hair color.

gene bank gene banks n
bank genów
(genetics) A repository for genetic material

genealogical more genealogical most genealogical adj
genealogiczny
of or relating to genealogy.

genealogist /ˈdʒiː.niːˌæl.ə.dʒɪst/ genealogists n
genealog genealożka
A person who studies or practises genealogy, an expert in genealogy.

genealogy /ˌdʒiːniˈælədʒi/ /ˌdʒiːniˈɒlədʒi/ /ˌd͡ʒiniˈælədʒi/ /ˌd͡ʒiniˈɑlədʒi/ genealogies n
genealogia rodowód
(countable) The descent of a person, family, or group from an ancestor or ancestors; lineage or pedigree.
genealogia
(countable) A record or table of such descent; a family tree.
(uncountable) The study, and formal recording of such descents.

general /ˈd͡ʒɛn.(ə.)ɹəl/ more general most general adj
ogólny
Including or involving every part or member of a given or implied entity, whole etc.; as opposed to specific or particular. [from 13th c.]
Prevalent or widespread among a given class or area; common, usual. [from 14th c.]
Not of a specific class; miscellaneous. [from 16th c.]

general /ˈd͡ʒɛn.(ə.)ɹəl/ generals n
generał
(military ranks) The holder of a senior military title, originally designating the commander of an army and now a specific rank falling under field marshal (in the British army) and below general of the army or general of the air force in the US army and air forces. [from 16th c.]

general anesthesia general anesthesias n
narkoza
(American spelling, medicine) A type of anesthesia that causes loss of sensation to the whole body, usually to the point of unconsciousness.

general election general elections n
wybory powszechne
An election, usually held at regular intervals, in which candidates are elected in all or most constituencies or electoral districts of a nation.

general knowledge /ˈdʒɛnəɹəl ˈnɑlɪdʒ/ /ˈdʒɛnɹəl ˈnɒlɪdʒ/ n
wiedza ogólna
The wide body of information that a person acquires from education and from life, much of which may be trivial.

general ledger general ledgers n
księga główna
(business, accounting) The central accounting record of a company or organization consisting of the accounts that support the value items shown in the major financial statements.

general partnership general partnerships n
spółka jawna
A business partnership in which each partner is liable for the firm's debts.

general practitioner general practitioners n
lekarz rodzinny
A physician who provides primary care; treating acute and chronic illnesses and providing preventive care and health education; a family doctor.

general relativity n
ogólna teoria względności
(relativity) A theory extending special relativity and uniformly accounting for gravity and accelerated frames of reference, postulating that space-time curves in the presence of mass.

general staff general staffs n
sztab generalny
(military) A group of officers in charge of an army under the control of the commander-in-chief.

general-purpose adj
ogólnego przeznaczenia
for general purposes; all-purpose

generalisation generalisations n
generalizacja uogólnienie
The formulation of general concepts from specific instances by abstracting common properties.
Inductive reasoning from detailed facts to general principles.

generalization generalizations n
generalizacja uogólnienie
The formulation of general concepts from specific instances by abstracting common properties.
Inductive reasoning from detailed facts to general principles

generalize /ˈd͡ʒen.(ə.)ɹə.lɑɪz/ /ˈd͡ʒɛn.(ə.)ɹə.laɪz/ v
generalizować uogólniać uogólnić
To speak in generalities, or in vague terms.
uogólniać uogólnić
To infer or induce from specific cases to more general cases or principles.

generalized more generalized most generalized adj
uogólniony
Made more general, less specialized.

generally /ˈd͡ʒen.ɹə.li/ /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ə.ɹə.li/ /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ɚ.li/ /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ɚ.ə.li/ /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ɹə.li/ more generally most generally adv
powszechnie
Popularly or widely.
z reguły zazwyczaj zwykle
As a rule; usually.
ogólnie
Without reference to specific details.

generally speaking adv
ogólnie mówiąc ogólnie rzecz biorąc

generate /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ə.ɹeɪt/ /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ɚ.eɪt/ v
generować stwarzać stworzyć tworzyć wygenerować wywołać
(transitive) To bring into being; give rise to.
generować wygenerować wytwarzać wytworzyć
(transitive) To produce as a result of a chemical or physical process.
spłodzić płodzić wydawać wydać
(transitive) To procreate, beget.

generation /ˌd͡ʒɛnəˈɹeɪʃən/ generations n
wytwarzanie generacja
The act of creating something or bringing something into being; production, creation. [from 14th c.]
pokolenie generacja
A single step or stage in the succession of natural descent; a rank or degree in genealogy, the members of a family from the same parents, considered as a single unit. [from 14th c.]
pokolenie
The average amount of time needed for children to grow up and have children of their own, generally considered to be a period of around thirty years, used as a measure of time. [from 17th c.]
generowanie wytwarzanie
(geometry) The formation or production of any geometrical magnitude, as a line, a surface, a solid, by the motion, in accordance with a mathematical law, of a point or a magnitude, by the motion of a point, of a surface by a line, a sphere by a semicircle, etc.

generational adj
pokoleniowy
Of, pertaining to, or changing over generations.

generator /ˈdʒɛnəɹeɪtə(ɹ)/ generators n
generator
(programming) A subordinate piece of code which, given some initial parameters, will generate multiple output values on request.
generator prądnica
Especially, a machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

generic /dʒɪˈnɛɹɪk/ more generic most generic adj
ogólny pospolity uogólniony
Very comprehensive; pertaining or appropriate to large classes or groups (genera) as opposed to specific instances.
bezmarkowy niemarkowy rodzajowy
(of a product or drug) not having a brand name; nonproprietary in design or contents; fungible with the rest of its class.

generic name generic names n
nazwa rodzajowa
(taxonomy) The first word in a binominal name, which identifies the genus of the lifeform considered.

generosity /ˌd͡ʒɛnəˈɹɑsəti/ /ˌd͡ʒɛnəˈɹɒsɪti/ generosities n
hojność szczodrość
(uncountable) The trait of being willing to donate money, resources, or time.

generous /ˈd͡ʒɛn(ə)ɹəs/ more generous most generous adj
szlachetny wielkoduszny
Noble in behaviour or actions; principled, not petty; kind, magnanimous. [from 16th c.]
hojny szczodry
Willing to give and share unsparingly; showing a readiness to give more (especially money) than is expected or needed. [from 17th c.]

generously more generously most generously adv
hojnie
In a generous manner, in a way that is giving or ample.

genesis /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ə.sɪs/ /ˈd͡ʒɪn.ə.sɪs/ geneses n
geneza początek powstanie
The origin, start, or point at which something comes into being.

genetic /d͡ʒəˈnɛtɪk/ /d͡ʒɪˈnɛtɪk/ adj
genetyczny
(genetics) Relating to genetics or genes. [from 1908]
Caused by genes.

genetic code genetic codes n
kod genetyczny
(genetics) The set of rules by which the sequence of bases in DNA are translated into the amino acid sequence of proteins.

genetic engineering n
biogenetyka inżynieria genetyczna
The practice or science of genetic modification.

genetically more genetically most genetically adv
genetycznie
In a manner relating to genes or genetics.

geneticist geneticists n
genetyk
(genetics) A scientist who studies genes.

genetics /d͡ʒə.ˈnɛ.tɪks/ /d͡ʒɛˈnɛ.tɪks/ /ˈdʒɛnɐ.ʈɪks/ n
genetyka
(biology) The branch of biology that deals with the transmission and variation of inherited characteristics, in particular chromosomes and DNA.

genial /-ni.əl/ /ˈdʒiːnɪəl/ /ˈd͡ʒinjəl/ more genial most genial adj
genialny
Marked by genius.

genicular adj
kolanowy
(anatomy) Relating to the knee.

genie /ˈd͡ʒiː.ni/ genies genii n
dżinn
(Islam) A jinn, a being descended from the jann, normally invisible to the human eye, but who may also appear in animal or human form.
(mythological creature) A fictional magical being that is typically bound to obey the commands of a mortal possessing its container.

genital /ˈd͡ʒɛnətəl/ /ˈd͡ʒɛnɪtəl/ adj
płciowy
Of, or relating to biological reproduction.
Of, or relating to the genitalia.
(psychoanalysis) Of, or relating to psychosexual development during puberty.

genitalia /ˌd͡ʒɛ.nə-/ /ˌd͡ʒɛ.nɪˈteɪ.jəl.jə/ /ˌd͡ʒɛ.nɪˈteɪ.li.jə/ n
genitalia narządy płciowe
(by extension) Any sex organs, whether external or internal.

genitive /ˈd͡ʒɛnətɪv/ adj
dopełniacz
(grammar) Of or pertaining to that case (as the second case of Latin and Greek nouns) which expresses a quality, origin or possession. It corresponds to the possessive case in English.

genitive /ˈd͡ʒɛnətɪv/ genitives n
dopełniacz
(grammar, uncountable) An inflection pattern (of any given language) that expresses origin or ownership and possession.
(grammar, countable) A word inflected in the genitive case; a word indicating origin, ownership or possession.

genitourinary adj
moczopłciowy
(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the genital and urinary systems of the body, together with their function, disease, etc.

genius /ˈdʒiː.nɪəs/ /ˈd͡ʒi.ni.əs/ /ˈd͡ʒin.jəs/ more genius most genius adj
genialny
(informal) Ingenious, brilliant, very clever, or original.

genius /ˈdʒiː.nɪəs/ /ˈd͡ʒi.ni.əs/ /ˈd͡ʒin.jəs/ genii geniuses n
geniusz
(countable) Someone possessing extraordinary intelligence or skill; especially somebody who has demonstrated this by a creative or original work in science, music, art etc.
(uncountable) Extraordinary mental capacity.

genius loci /ˈd͡ʒinjəs ˈloʊkaɪ/ /ˈd͡ʒinjəs ˈloʊsaɪ/ /ˈd͡ʒinjəs ˈləʊkaɪ/ /ˈd͡ʒinjəs ˈləʊsaɪ/ /ˈɡɛnɪˌʊs ˈloʊki/ /ˈɡɛnɪˌʊs ˈləʊki/ genii loci genii locorum n
duch miejsca
(Roman mythology) The minor deity or spirit watching over a particular place.

genizah /ɡɛˈnizə/ /ɡɛˈniːzə/ genizahs genizot genizoth n
geniza
(Jewish law) A depository where sacred Hebrew books or other sacred items that by Jewish law cannot be disposed of are kept before they can be properly buried in a cemetery.

genocidal /ˌd͡ʒɛnəˈsaɪdəl/ more genocidal most genocidal adj
ludobójczy
Causative of or relating to an act or policy of genocide.

genocide /ˈd͡ʒɛnəsaɪd/ genocides n
ludobójstwo genocyd
The systematic and deliberate destruction of a group of people, typically by killing substantial numbers of them, on the basis of their ethnicity, religion, or nationality.

genocidist genocidists n
ludobójca ludobójczyni
Someone who advocates for or is responsible for enacting genocide.

genology n
genologia

genome /d͡ʒɨˈnoʊm/ /ˈd͡ʒiː.noʊm/ /ˈd͡ʒiː.nəʊm/ genomes n
genom
(genetics) The complete genetic information (either DNA or, in some viruses, RNA) of an organism.

genotype /ˈdʒɛn.əʊ.taɪp/ /ˈd͡ʒiːn.oʊ.taɪp/ genotypes n
genotyp
(genetics) The part (DNA sequence) of the genetic makeup of an organism which determines a specific characteristic (phenotype) of that organism.

genre /d͡ʒɑnɚ/ /ˈ(d)ʒɑn.ɹə/ /ˈ(d)ʒɒn.ɹə/ genres n
gatunek rodzaj
A kind; a stylistic category or sort, especially of literature or other artworks.

gens /d͡ʒɛnz/ /ɡɛns/ genses gentes n
gens
(Ancient Rome, historical) A legally defined unit of Roman society, being a collection of people related through a common ancestor by birth, marriage or adoption, possibly over many generations, and sharing the same nomen gentilicium.

gentian /ˈd͡ʒɛnt͡ʃən/ gentians n
goryczka gencjana
(countable) Any of various herbs of the family Gentianaceae found in temperate and mountainous regions with violet or blue flowers.
(uncountable) Dried roots and rhizome of European gentian (Gentiana lutea), used as a tonic.

gentile /ˈd͡ʒɛntaɪl/ adj
pogański
Heathen, pagan.
plemienny
Relating to a clan, tribe, or nation; clannish, tribal, national.

gentile /ˈd͡ʒɛntaɪl/ gentiles n
goj
A non-Jewish person.

gentility gentilities n
dystynkcja
(uncountable) The state of being elegant, genteel, having good breeding, or being socially superior.

gentle /ˈdʒɛntl̩/ /ˈd͡ʒɛntl̩/ [ˈd͡ʒɛ̃ɾ̃l̩] gentler gentlest more gentle most gentle adj
delikatny miły łagodny
Tender and amiable; of a considerate or kindly disposition.
delikatny łagodny
Soft and mild rather than hard or severe.
uprzejmy
Polite and respectful rather than rude.

gentleman /ˈd͡ʒɛn.təl.mən/ [ˈd͡ʒɛɾ̃.ɫ̩.mən] gentlemen n
dżentelmen
(chiefly, _, historical) A man of gentle but not noble birth, particularly a man of means (originally ownership of property) who does not work for a living but has no official status in a peerage; (UK, _, law) an armiferous man ranking below a knight.
pan dżentelmen
Any well-bred, well-mannered, or charming man.
panowie
(polite, _, term of address) Any man.

gentleman's agreement gentleman's agreements gentlemen's agreements n
dżentelmeńska umowa
A usually unwritten agreement not bound by law but by honour.

gentlemanly more gentlemanly most gentlemanly adv
dżentelmeńsko szarmancko
In the manner or with the behavior of a gentleman; with social grace, politely.

gentleness /ˈd͡ʒɛntl̩nəs/ gentlenesses n
delikatność łagodność
The state of being gentle.

gently /ˈd͡ʒɛntli/ gentlier gentliest more gently most gently adv
delikatnie łagodnie
In a gentle manner; to a gentle degree.

gentoo penguin gentoo penguins n
pingwin białobrewy
A species of penguin, Pygoscelis papua, with a distinctive wide white stripe extending like a bonnet across the top of its head.

gentrification /d͡ʒɛn.tɹɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ gentrifications n
gentryfikacja
(urban studies) The renewal and rebuilding that accompanies the influx of middle class or affluent people into deteriorating areas and often displaces earlier, usually poorer, residents; any example of such a process.

genu valgum genu valgums n
kolana koślawe
(medicine) The condition in which the knees are abnormally close together and the ankles far apart.

genual adj
kolanowy
(anatomy) Of or pertaining to a genu or to the knee.

genuflect /ˈd͡ʒɛn.jʊ.flɛkt/ v
klękać
(intransitive, archaic) To bend the knee, as in servitude.
(intransitive) To briefly enter a position that touches one knee to the ground in a manner that is typically associated with formal homage or religious worship.

genuflection genuflections n
klękanie uklęknięcie
the act of genuflecting

genuine /ˈd͡ʒɛnjuːˌaɪn/ /ˈd͡ʒɛnjuːˌɪn/ more genuine most genuine adj
prawdziwy autentyczny
Belonging to, or proceeding from the original stock; native

genuine article genuine articles n
autentyk

genuinely more genuinely most genuinely adv
autentycznie
In a genuine manner; truthfully, truly.

genuineness genuinenesses n
autentyczność autentyzm prawdziwość szczerość
The quality of being genuine; authenticity.

genus /ˈdʒiːnəs/ /ˈdʒɛnəs/ /ˈd͡ʒiːnəs/ genera genuses genusses n
rodzaj
(biology, taxonomy) A category in the classification of organisms, ranking below family (Lat. familia) and above species.
A taxon at this rank.

geo- prefix
geo-
Earth

geobotany n
geobotanika
The branch of biogeography that is concerned with the geographic distribution of plant species.

geocentric /ˌdʒiːəʊˈsɛntɹɪk/ /ˌd͡ʒioʊˈsɛntɹɪk/ adj
geocentryczny
Having the Earth at the center.

geocentrism n
geocentryzm
A belief that the Earth is the center of the universe.

geochemistry geochemistries n
geochemia
(chemistry) The branch of chemistry that deals with the chemical composition of the Earth and other planets, and with the chemical processes that occur in the formation of rocks and minerals etc.

geodesy /dʒiːˈɒdɪsi/ /d͡ʒiˈɑdəsi/ geodesies n
geodezja
(sciences, geography) The discipline which deals with the measurement and representation of Earth, its gravitational field and geodynamic phenomena (polar motion, Earth tides, and crustal motion) in three-dimensional, time-varying space

geoglyph /ˈd͡ʒiːə(ʊ)ɡlɪf/ /ˈd͡ʒiːəɡlɪf/ geoglyphs n
geoglif
(chiefly, archaeology) A large-scale drawing or image made on the ground by arranging lines of stones, scratching the earth, etc., and often only fully visible from a distance or the air.

geographer /d͡ʒiˈɑ.ɡɹə.fɚ/ /d͡ʒiːˈɒɡ.ɹə.fə(ɹ)/ /d͡ʒiːˈɔɡ.ɹə.fə(ɹ)/ geographers n
geograf geografka
A specialist in geography.

geographic /d͡ʒiəˈɡɹæfɪk/ more geographic most geographic adj
geograficzny
Pertaining to geography (or to geographics)

geographic information system geographic information systems n
system informacji geograficznej
An electronic system used to store, process and display geographic information, especially maps

geography /dʒɪˈɒɡɹəfi/ /d͡ʒiˈɑɡɹəfi/ /ˈdʒɒɡɹəfi/ geographies n
geografia ziemiopismo
The study of the physical properties of the earth, including how humans affect and are affected by them.

geoid /ˈdʒiːɔɪd/ /ˈd͡ʒiˌɔɪd/ geoids n
geoida
(geography, geodesy) The shape, extending through landmasses (continents, etc.), that the surface of the oceans of the Earth would take under the influence of the Earth's gravity and rotation alone, disregarding other factors such as winds and tides; that is, a surface of constant gravitational potential at zero elevation.

geologic /ˌdʒiː.əˈlɒdʒ.ɪk/ /ˌd͡ʒi.əˈlɑdʒ.ɪk/ more geologic most geologic adj
geologiczny
Of, or relating to geology or a geologic time scale.

geologic joint geologic joints n
cios
(geology) A fracture in rock in which (unlike a fault) the strata do not move relative to each other.

geologist /dʒiˈɒlədʒɪst/ /d͡ʒiˈɑːlədʒɪst/ geologists n
geolog geolożka
A person whose occupation specializes in the science of geology, especially at a professional or academic level.

geology /d͡ʒiˈɑl.ə.dʒi/ /d͡ʒɪˈɒl.ə.d͡ʒɪ/ geologies n
geologia
The science that studies the structure of the earth (or other planets), together with its origin and development, especially by examination of its rocks.

geomancy geomancies n
geomancja
A method of divination using earth or the ground, such as interpreting markings on the ground or how handfuls of dirt land when tossed.

geomathematics n
[[geo-]]matematyka

geometric /ˌd͡ʒi.oʊˈmɛt.ɹɪk/ /ˌd͡ʒi.əˈmɛt.ɹɪk/ /ˌd͡ʒiː.əʊˈmɛt.ɹɪk/ /ˌd͡ʒiː.əˈmet.ɹɪk/ /ˌd͡ʒiː.əˈmɛt.ɹɪk/ more geometric most geometric adj
geometryczny
Of or relating to geometry.

geometric mean geometric means n
średnia geometryczna
(mathematics) A measure of central tendency of a set of n values computed by extracting the nth root of the product of the values.

geometric progression geometric progressions n
ciąg geometryczny postęp geometryczny
(analysis) A sequence in which each term except the first is obtained from the previous by multiplying it by a constant value, known as the common ratio of the geometric progression.

geometry /d͡ʒiˈɑ.mə.tɹi/ /d͡ʒiːˈɒm.ɪ.tɹi/ /d͡ʒiːˈɔm.ə.tɹi/ /ˈd͡ʒɒm.ɪ.tɹi/ geometries n
geometria
(mathematics, uncountable) The branch of mathematics dealing with spatial relationships.
(countable) The observed or specified spatial attributes of an object, etc.
(algebraic geometry, countable) A mathematical object comprising representations of a space and of its spatial relationships.

geomorphological more geomorphological most geomorphological adj
geomorfologiczny
Of or pertaining to geomorphology

geomorphology geomorphologies n
geomorfologia
The study of landforms, their classification, origin, development, and history.

geonomy n
geografia geologia

geophysical /ˌdʒiː.əʊˈfɪz.ɪk.əl/ adj
geofizyczny
Of or pertaining to geophysics.

geophysics /ˌdʒiː.əʊˈfɪz.ɪks/ n
geofizyka
A branch of earth science dealing with the physical processes and phenomena occurring in the earth and in its vicinity.

geophyte /ˈdʒiːə(ʊ)fʌɪt/ /ˈd͡ʒioʊˌfaɪt/ geophytes n
geofit
(botany) A perennial plant, for example the potato or daffodil, which in spring propagates from an underground organ such as a bulb, tuber, corm or rhizome.

geopolitical more geopolitical most geopolitical adj
geopolityczny
Of or relating to geopolitics.

geopolitically adv
geopolitycznie
In terms of geopolitics.

geopolitics n
geopolityka
The study of the effects of geography (especially economic geography) on international politics.

georgette georgettes n
żorżeta
A thin lightweight silk or cotton fabric with a matte finish.

geotropism /d͡ʒiˈɑt.ɹəˌpɪz.əm/ /d͡ʒiˈɒt.ɹəˌpɪz.əm/ geotropisms n
barotropizm geotropizm grawitropizm
(biology) The movement of a plant in response to gravity (either downwards or upwards).

geranium /dʒəˈɹeɪni.əm/ gerania geraniums n
bodziszek geranium
Any flowering plant of the genus Geranium of cranesbills, of family Geraniaceae.
pelargonia
The common name for flowering plants of the genus Pelargonium.

gerbil /ˈdʒɜːbl̩/ /ˈd͡ʒɝbl̩/ gerbils n
myszoskoczek gerbil suwak
A member of one of several species of small, jumping, murine rodents, of the genus Gerbillus and certain other genera in subfamily Gerbillinae, with leaping powers resembling those of the jerboa, native to Africa, India, and Southern Europe.

gerenuk /ˈɡɛɹɛnuːk/ gerenuks n
gerenuk
A type of long-necked gazelle, Litocranius walleri, native to central and eastern Africa.

geriatric chair geriatric chairs n
krzesło geriatryczne

geriatrician geriatricians n
geriatra
(medicine) A medical doctor specialising in the assessment and treatment of elderly people.

germ /d͡ʒɜːm/ /d͡ʒɝm/ germs n
zarazek bakcyl mikrob
A pathogen: a pathogenic microorganism, such as a bacterium or virus.
zalążek
(figurative) The origin or earliest version of an idea or project.

germander /d͡ʒəˈmændə/ /d͡ʒɚˈmændɚ/ germanders n
ożanka
Any plant of the genus Teucrium, some with small, pink, white, or pale purple flowers and a small upper lip.

germane /dʒɜː(ɹ)ˈmeɪn/ /d͡ʒɝˈmeɪn/ more germane most germane adj
istotny relewantny
Related to a topic of discussion or consideration.

germanium /d͡ʒɚˈmeɪni.əm/ germaniums n
german
A nonmetallic chemical element (symbol Ge) with an atomic number of 32: a lustrous, hard-brittle, grayish-white metalloid in the carbon group.

germicidal more germicidal most germicidal adj
bakteriobójczy
that kills pathogenic organisms; disinfectant

germicidally adv
bakteriobójczo

gerontic /dʒɛˈɹɒnt.ɪk/ /d͡ʒɛˈɹɑːnt.ɪk/ more gerontic most gerontic adj
gerontyczny starczy
Of or pertaining to old age or the elderly.

geronto- prefix
geronto-

gerontocracy /ˌdʒɛɹənˈtɒkɹəsi/ gerontocracies n
gerontokracja
Government by elders.

gerontology gerontologies n
gerontologia
The branch of science that deals with the problems of aged people. It is to be distinguished from geriatrics, which is the study of the diseases of the elderly. Gerontology covers the social, psychological and biological aspects of aging.

gerontophilia n
gerontofilia
Sexual attraction toward the elderly.

geropsychology n
gerontopsychiatria psychogeriatria
A branch of psychology that focuses on elderly people.

gerund /-ʌnd/ /ˈd͡ʒɛɹənd/ gerunds n
odsłownik rzeczownik odczasownikowy
(grammar) A verbal form that functions as a verbal noun. (In English, a gerund has the same spelling as a present participle, but functions differently; however, this distinction may be ambiguous or unclear and so is no longer made in some modern texts such as A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language and The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language)
(grammar) In some languages such as Dutch, Italian or Russian, a verbal form similar to a present participle, but functioning as an adverb to form adverbial phrases or continuous tense. These constructions have various names besides gerund, depending on the language, such as conjunctive participles, active participles, adverbial participles, transgressives, etc.

gestalt /-ˈst-/ /ɡəˈstɔlt/ /ɡəˈʃtælt/ /ɡəˈʃtɑːlt/ /ɡəˈʃtɔlt/ gestalten gestalts n
postać
A collection of physical, biological, psychological or symbolic elements that creates a whole, unified concept or pattern which is other than the sum of its parts, due to the relationships between the parts (of a character, personality, entity, or being)

gestation /d͡ʒɛsˈteɪʃən/ gestations n
ciąża
The period of time during which an animal or human offspring physically develops inside the mother's body until it is born.

gesticulate /dʒɛsˈtɪkjəleɪt/ /dʒɛsˈtɪkjʊleɪt/ /d͡ʒɛsˈtɪkjəleɪt/ v
gestykulować
(intransitive) To make gestures or motions, as in speaking.

gesture /ˈd͡ʒɛs.t͡ʃə/ /ˈd͡ʒɛs.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈd͡ʒɛs.t͡ʃɝ/ gestures n
gest
An act or a remark that serves as a formality or as a sign of attitude.
(obsolete) The manner of carrying the body; position of the body or limbs; posture.

get /ɡɛt/ /ɡɪt/ v
dostawać dostać otrzymać otrzymywać
(ditransitive) To obtain; to acquire.
(intransitive, obsolete) To make acquisitions; to gain; to profit.
dostawać dostać
(transitive, informal) To bring to reckoning; to catch (as a criminal); to effect retribution.
dostawać dostać otrzymać dorwać otrzymywać
(archaic) To learn; to commit to memory; to memorize; sometimes with out.

get a grip v
brać się w garść ogarniać się ogarnąć się wziąć się w garść
(idiomatic, mostly, imperative) To come to one's senses and become more rational after having experienced a strong emotion.

get a word in edgewise /ˌɡɛt ə ˈwɜːd ɪn ˈɛdʒwaɪz/ /ˌɡɛt ə ˈwɝd ɪn ˈɛdʒwaɪz/ v
dochodzić do głosu dojść do głosu
(US, usually, in the negative) To break into or participate in a conversation.

get ahead of oneself v
zapędzać się zapędzić się
(idiomatic) To focus excessively on one's plans or on prospective future events without paying adequate attention to the present.

get along v
dogadać się dogadywać się
(intransitive, idiomatic, often followed by with) To interact or coexist well, without argument or trouble.

get away with v
ujść na sucho ujść płazem
(idiom) To escape punishment for doing something objectionable.

get back v
wracać wrócić
(intransitive) Return to where one came from.
odzyskać odzyskiwać
(transitive) To retrieve (something); to have (something) returned.

get blood out of a stone v
wyciskać wodę z kamienia wycisnąć wodę z kamienia

get by v
radzić
(intransitive, idiomatic) To subsist; to succeed, survive, or manage, at least at a minimal level.

get cold feet /ˌɡɛt ˈkoʊld fit/ /ˌɡɛt ˈkəʊld fiːt/ v
mieć pietra
(This entry is a translation hub.) To develop cold feet, in the sense of nervousness about going through with something.

get down to brass tacks v
przechodzić do rzeczy przejść do rzeczy
(idiomatic, chiefly, _, US) to start to discuss or consider the most important details or facts about something.

get dressed v
odziać się odziewać się ubierać się ubrać się
To dress; to put on clothes; to clothe oneself.

get drunk v
dać sobie w gaz dać sobie w kanę dać sobie w żyłę dać w palnik najebać się napierdolić się
(intransitive) To intoxicate oneself with alcohol. (This entry is a translation hub.)
spić upić
(transitive) To make drunk. (This entry is a translation hub.)

get fucked /ɡɛt fʌkt/ /ɡɪt fʌkt/ interjection
spierdalaj
(vulgar, offensive) A term used to express contempt. Usually used after the individual in question is retaliated upon and the user has no sympathy.
(vulgar, offensive, dismissal) Go away, get lost.
(vulgar, offensive) A curse meaning "go to hell".

get high v
jarać ćpać
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see get,‎ high.

get in the way v
stanąć na drodze stanąć na przeszkodzie stanąć na zawadzie stawać na drodze stać na drodze stać na przeszkodzie
(intransitive) to obstruct, hinder, or interfere

get into v
wstąpić wstępować
To cause to behave uncharacteristically; to possess.

get laid v
przelecieć przespać się
(slang, transitive, often, vulgar) To cause to have sex.

get lost interjection
spadaj zjeżdżaj
(colloquial, dismissal, impolite) Used to rudely tell somebody to go away or leave one alone.

get lost v
zabłądzić zgubić się błądzić gubić się zbłądzić
(intransitive) To lose one's way.

get married v
ożenić się wychodzić za mąż wyjść za mąż brać ślub wziąć ślub żenić się
(intransitive) To become married (to someone).
pobierać pobrać
(reciprocal, intransitive) To become married (to each other).

get off v
wypierdalać
(transitive, intransitive) To disembark, especially from mass transportation such as a bus or train; to depart from (a path, highway, etc).

get on someone's nerves v
działać na nerwy grać na nerwach
(idiomatic) To annoy or irritate someone; to bother someone.

get one's act together v
brać się w garść wziąć się w garść
(idiomatic) To become serious, organized, worthwhile, etc.

get one's ass in gear v
ruszać dupę ruszyć dupę
(US, idiomatic) To exert effective effort; to get going; to get moving; to start producing.

get one's foot in the door v
ustawiać się ustawić się

get one's hands on v
położyć rękę
(informal, transitive) To get; to obtain; to secure.

get one's head out of one's ass v
brać się w kupę wziąć się w kupę

get out interjection
wypierdalać
(literally) Commanding a person to leave.
wynoś się
Indicating incredulity.

get out v
wychodzić wyjść
(intransitive) To leave or escape.
uciekać
(intransitive) To come out of a situation; to escape a fate.
wyjmować wyjąć
(transitive) To take (something) from its container or storage place, so as to use or display it.
wysiadać wysiąść
(intransitive) To leave a vehicle such as a car. (Note: for public transport, get off is more common.)
wydać się wyjść na jaw
(intransitive) To become known.

get out of Dodge v
uciec uciekać

get out of here interjection
wynocha wynoś się
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see get,‎ out of,‎ here.
(idiomatic, informal) An exclamation of disbelief.

get over v
otrząsać się otrząsnąć się
(idiomatic, transitive) To forget and move on.

get ready v
przygotować przygotowywać szykować
(transitive) To prepare; to make ready or prepared.

get rid of v
pozbywać się pozbyć się
(transitive, idiom) To rid oneself of; to cause oneself to be free of or released from.

get something over with v
mieć coś z głowy
(idiomatic) To proceed to do something as soon as possible, especially so as to have something unpleasant behind oneself.

get the better of v
brać górę wziąć górę
(transitive, idiomatic) To overwhelm or overcome

get to v
pójść w pięty
(transitive) To affect adversely; to upset or annoy.

get to know v
poznać
(transitive) To become acquainted with (someone or something); to meet someone.

get up v
wstawać wstać
To rise from one's bed (often implying to wake up).

get up on the wrong side of the bed v
wstać lewą nogą
(idiomatic) To feel irritable; to be in a bad mood; to have a bad day from the start, for no particular reason.

get up to v
kombinować
To do something, especially something that is forbidden or improper.

get used v
przyzwyczaić przywykać przywyknąć przyzwyczajać
(intransitive) To become accustomed to something; to acclimate; to adjust.

get well soon phraseologicalUnit
szybkiego powrotu do zdrowia
Expressing hope that the listener will soon recover from illness.

get wet v
moknąć
(literally) To come into contact with water, rain, or another liquid.

get wind of v
wietrzyć zwietrzyć
(idiomatic, transitive) To hear about; to learn of, especially with respect to facts intended to have been kept confidential or secret.

get-together get-togethers n
biesiada
(informal) A party or social function.

gewgaw /ˈɡjuːɡɔː/ /ˈɡuɡɔ/ gewgaws n
świecidełko
A showy trifle, a toy; a showy trinket, ornament or decoration. [from 15th c.]

geyser /ˈɡaɪ.sɚ/ /ˈɡaɪ.zə/ /ˈɡaɪ.zɚ/ /ˈɡiː.zə/ geysers n
gejzer
(planetology, geology, volcanology) A boiling natural spring which throws forth jets of water, mud, etc., at frequent intervals, driven upwards by the expansive power of steam.

gherkin /ˈɡɜːkɪn/ /ˈɡɝkɪn/ gherkins n
korniszon
A small cucumber, often pickled whole.

ghetto /ˈɡɛtoʊ/ /ˈɡɛtəʊ/ [ˈɡɛɾoʊ̯] ghetti ghettoes ghettos n
getto
An (often walled) area of a city in which Jews are concentrated by force and law. (Used particularly of areas in medieval Italy and in Nazi-controlled Europe.)
An area in which people who are distinguished by sharing something other than ethnicity concentrate or are concentrated.

ghettoization ghettoizations n
gettoizacja

ghost /ɡoʊst/ /ɡɐʉst/ /ɡəʊst/ ghosts n
duch upiór zjawa fantom zwid
The disembodied soul; the soul or spirit of a deceased person; a spirit appearing after death.

ghost /ɡoʊst/ /ɡɐʉst/ /ɡəʊst/ v
ghostować
(slang, social media) To perform an act of ghosting: to break up with someone without warning or explanation; to ignore someone, especially on social media.

ghost ship ghost ships n
statek widmo
(nautical) An abandoned ship, or (science fiction, by extension) spaceship, that is haunted and possibly adrift.

ghost town /ˈɡoʊst taʊn/ /ˈɡəʊst taʊn/ ghost towns n
miasto widmo
A town which has become deserted, usually due to failing economic activity, especially one that still has substantial visible remains.

ghostly /ˈɡoʊstli/ ghostlier ghostliest adj
widmowy zmorowaty
Of or pertaining to ghosts or spirits.

ghostwriter ghostwriters n
murzyn ghostwriter
A professional writer who is paid to write material that is officially credited to another person; one who writes on behalf of someone else, often for a celebrity.

ghoul /ɡuːl/ /ɡʊəl/ ghouls n
ghul gul
(mythology, Islam) A demon said to feed on corpses.

ghrelin /ˈɡɹɛlɪn/ ghrelins n
grelina
(biochemistry) A peptide hormone, secreted in the stomach when empty, that increases appetite and secretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland. [from 1999]

giant /ˈd͡ʒaɪ.ənt/ /ˈd͡ʒaɪnt/ /ˈd͡ʒʌɪ.ənt/ [ˈd͡ʒəɪ̯(ə)nt] adj
gigantyczny
Very large.

giant /ˈd͡ʒaɪ.ənt/ /ˈd͡ʒaɪnt/ /ˈd͡ʒʌɪ.ənt/ [ˈd͡ʒəɪ̯(ə)nt] giants n
olbrzym gigant wielkolud
A mythical human of very great size.
gigant
Any of the gigantes, the race of giants in the Greek mythology.
olbrzym wielkolud
A very tall and large person.
olbrzym
(astronomy) A star that is considerably more luminous than a main sequence star of the same temperature (e.g. red giant, blue giant).

giant otter giant otters n
arirania amazońska
A South American mustelid, Pteronura brasiliensis, that can reach 1.7m in length.

giant panda giant pandas n
panda wielka niedźwiedź bambusowy panda
A rare, black and white mammal, Ailuropoda melanoleuca, in the ursid (bear) family.

giantess /ˈd͡ʒaɪəntɛs/ giantesses n
gigantka olbrzymka
(fantasy, mythology) A female giant.

giaour /ˈd͡ʒaʊə/ giaours n
giaur
(religious slur) A non-Muslim, especially a Christian, an infidel; especially as used by Turkish people with particular reference to Christians such as Greeks, Armenians, Bulgarians, Serbs and Assyrians.

gibberish /ˈd͡ʒɪb.ə.ɹɪʃ/ gibberishes n
bajdura bełkot jazgot
Speech or writing that is unintelligible, incoherent or meaningless.
bełkot jazgot
Needlessly obscure or overly technical language.

gibberishlike more gibberishlike most gibberishlike adj
bełkotliwy

gibbet /ˈd͡ʒɪbɪt/ gibbets n
szubienica szafot
An upright post with a crosspiece used for execution and subsequent public display.

gibbon /ˈɡɪbən/ gibbons n
gibon
A small ape of the family Hylobatidae with long limbs, which it uses to travel through rainforests by swinging from branch to branch.

giblets /ˈd͡ʒɪbləts/ /ˈɡɪbləts/ n
podroby
The internal organs of poultry birds, used as food.

giddyup /ˈɡɪdiˌʌp/ /ˈɡɪdɪˌʌp/ /ˌɡɪdɪˈʌp/ interjection
wio
(directed at a horse) Move on!, go faster!

gift /ɡɪft/ gifts n
dar prezent podarunek podarek
Something given to another voluntarily, without charge.
dar talent
A talent or natural ability.
prezent
Something gained incidentally, without effort.

gift /ɡɪft/ v
dać w prezencie podarować sprezentować
(transitive) To give as a gift or donation.

gift card gift cards n
karta podarunkowa
A gift certificate in the form of a card issued by retailers as an alternative to a non-monetary gift, allowing the bearer to purchase goods up to its face value.

gift-wrap gift-wraps n
papier do pakowania

giftedness giftednesses n
uzdolnienie

gig /d͡ʒɪɡ/ /ɡɪɡ/ gig gigs n
giga
(slang, chiefly, sciences) Any unit of measurement having the SI prefix giga-.

gig /ɡɪɡ/ gigs n
fucha koncert występ
Originally (music) , a performing engagement by a musician or musical group; (by extension, film, television, theater) a job or role for a performer.
dwukółka gig
(road transport, historical) A two-wheeled carriage drawn by a single horse.
gig
(Southern England, by extension) A similar rowing boat or sailboat, especially one used for racing; specifically, a six-oared sea rowing boat commonly found in Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly.
A small, narrow, open boat carried in a larger ship, and used for transportation between the ship and the shore, another vessel, etc.

giga- /ˈd͡ʒɪɡ.ə/ /ˈɡaɪ.ɡə/ /ˈɡɪɡ.ə/ prefix
giga-
In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 109 (short scale billion or long scale milliard). Symbol: G
(computing, sometimes, _, proscribed) Multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 230 or 1,073,741,824.
(slang) Augmenting an adjective; intensely, extremely, or to an exceptionally high degree.
(Internet slang, originally, _, 4chan) Used to augment nouns; denoting an invididual who is a paragon of something.

gigabit /ˈd͡ʒɪɡəbɪt/ /ˈɡɪɡəbɪt/ gigabits n
gigabit
(computing) One billion (109, or 1,000,000,000) bits or 1,000 megabits.

gigabyte /ˈd͡ʒɪɡəbaɪt/ /ˈɡɪɡəbaɪt/ gigabytes n
gigabajt
(computing, formal) One billion (109, or 1,000,000,000) bytes or 1,000 megabytes.

gigantic /d͡ʒaɪˈɡæntɪk/ more gigantic most gigantic adj
gigantyczny kolosalny olbrzymi ogromny
Very large.

gigantism /d͡ʒaɪˈɡæntɪzəm/ /d͡ʒəˈɡæntɪzəm/ /ˈd͡ʒaɪɡəntɪzəm/ gigantisms n
gigantyzm
The quality or state of being gigantic; being of abnormally large size.

giganto- prefix
giganto-

gigantomachy /d͡ʒaɪɡænˈtɒməki/ gigantomachies n
gigantomachia
(Greek mythology) The battle of the Giants (offspring of Gaia, according to Hesiod conceived from the spilt blood of Uranus) against the Olympian gods.

giggle /ˈɡɪɡl̩/ giggles n
chichot
A high-pitched, silly laugh.

giggle /ˈɡɪɡl̩/ v
chichotać
To laugh gently in a playful, nervous, or affected manner.

gigolo /ˈd͡ʒɪɡ.ə.loʊ/ /ˈd͡ʒɪɡ.ə.ləʊ/ /ˈʒɪɡ.loʊ/ /ˈʒɪɡ.ə.ləʊ/ gigolos n
żigolo utrzymanek
A man who has a sexual relationship with a woman from whom he receives payment.
żigolo fordanser utrzymanek żigolak
A hired escort or dancing partner for a woman.

gild /ɡɪld/ v
pozłacać
(transitive) To cover with a thin layer of gold; to cover with gold leaf.

gild the lily /ˈɡɪld ðə ˈlɪli/ v
przedobrzać przedobrzyć
(idiomatic) To embellish or improve something unnecessarily.

gilded /ˈɡɪldɪd/ adj
pozłacany złocony
Having the color or quality of gold.

gilded cage gilded cages n
złota klatka
(figuratively) A place (or, by extension, situation) which is superficially attractive but nevertheless constraining; a comfortable but confined situation.

gill /ɡɪl/ gills n
skrzele skrzela
(animal anatomy) A breathing organ of fish and other aquatic animals.
skrzele blaszka
(mycology) One of the radial folds on the underside of the cap of a mushroom, the surface of which bears the spore-producing organs.

gilt-head bream gilt-head breams n
dorada
A fish found in the Mediterranean and along the Atlantic coasts of Europe (Sparus aurata).

gimbal /ˈd͡ʒɪmbəl/ /ˈɡɪmbəl/ gimbals n
kardan zawieszenie Cardana
A device for suspending something, such as a ship's compass, so that it will remain level when its support is tipped.

gimmick /ˈɡɪm.ɪk/ gimmicks n
bajer gadżet trik wihajster
A trick or device used to attain some end.

gin /d͡ʒɪn/ gins n
gin dżin jałowcówka
A colourless non-aged alcoholic liquor made by distilling fermented grains such as barley, corn, oats or rye with juniper berries; the base for many cocktails.

ginger /ˈdʒɪndʒə/ /ˈd͡ʒɪnd͡ʒɚ/ more ginger most ginger adj
rudy imbirowy ruda ryża ryży
(of hair or fur) Of a reddish-brown color.
imbirowy
Having hair or fur of this color.

ginger /ˈdʒɪndʒə/ /ˈd͡ʒɪnd͡ʒɚ/ gingers n
imbir
The pungent aromatic rhizome of a tropical Asian herb, Zingiber officinale, used as a spice and as a stimulant and acarminative.
The plant that produces this rhizome.
rudy
A reddish-brown color.
rudzielec
(colloquial, often, _, derogatory, countable) A person with reddish-brown hair; a redhead.

ginger beer ginger beers n
piwo imbirowe
(uncountable) A fermented, typically non-alcoholic, drink flavoured with ginger.

gingerbread /ˈd͡ʒɪn.(d͡)ʒəˌbɹɛd/ /ˈd͡ʒɪn.d͡ʒɚˌbɹɛd/ gingerbreads n
piernik pierniczek
(food) A type of cake whose main flavoring is ginger.

gingerbread man gingerbread men n
piernikowy ludzik
A biscuit/cookie in the shape of a person and flavoured with ginger.

gingival /ˈd͡ʒɪnd͡ʒɪvəl/ adj
dziąsłowy
Relating to the gums.

ginkgo /ˈɡɪŋ.kəʊ/ ginkgoes ginkgos n
miłorząb
The seed of a ginkgo tree.

ginseng /ˈd͡ʒɪnsɛŋ/ /ˈd͡ʒɪnsɪŋ/ ginsengs n
wszechlek żeń-szeń
Any plant of two species of the genus Panax (Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius), having forked roots supposed to have medicinal and aphrodisiac properties.
żeń-szeń
The root of such a plant, or an extract of these roots.

giraffe /dʒɪˈɹɑːf/ /d͡ʒəˈɹæf/ giraffe giraffes n
żyrafa
A ruminant, of the genus Giraffa, of the African savannah with long legs and highly elongated neck, which make it the tallest living animal; yellow fur patterned with dark spots, often in the form of a network; and two or more short, skin-covered horns, so-called; strictly speaking the horn-like projections are ossicones.

gird up one's loins v
szykować się
(idiomatic, intransitive) To prepare oneself for something demanding.

girder /ˈɡɜːdə(ɹ)/ /ˈɡɝdɚ/ girders n
belka dźwigar
A beam of steel, wood, or reinforced concrete, used as a main horizontal support in a building or structure.

girl /ɡɛəl/ /ɡɜːɫ/ /ɡɝ.əl/ /ɡɝl/ /ɡɪəl/ /ɡɵːl/ [ɡʏw] girls n
dziewczyna dziewczynka dziewa dziewczę dzieweczka dziewka
A young female human, or sometimes a young female animal.

girl band girl bands n
girls band girlsband

girl group girl groups n
girls band
A pop group made up of (usually attractive) young women.

girl power n
gdzie diabeł nie może, tam babę pośle

girlfriend /ˈɡɜːlfɹɛnd/ /ˈɡɝlfɹɛnd/ girlfriends n
dziewczyna przyjaciółka sympatia
A female partner in an unmarried romantic relationship.
(LGBT) A fellow gay man, especially a friend as opposed to a sexual partner.
przyjaciółka
A female friend of a woman or girl.

girlish /ˈɡɜː.lɪʃ/ /ˈɡɝ.lɪʃ/ more girlish most girlish adj
dziewczęcy
Like (that of) a girl; feminine.

girlishly more girlishly most girlishly adv
po babsku

girlishness girlishnesses n
babskość babstwo
The quality of being girlish.

girly /ˈɡɜːli/ /ˈɡɝli/ girlier girliest adj
babski
Characteristic of a stereotypical girl, very effeminate, gentle; unmasculine.

giro /ˈdʒaɪɹəʊ/ giros n
żyro
(in Europe) A transfer of funds between different account holders, carried out by the bank according to payer's written instructions.

girth /ɡɜːθ/ /ɡɝθ/ girths n
popręg
A band passed under the belly of an animal, which holds a saddle or a harness saddle in place.
The part of an animal around which the girth fits.
(informal) One's waistline circumference, most often a large one.
A small horizontal brace or girder.
The distance measured around an object.
(graph theory) The length of the shortest cycle in a graph.

gisarme /ɡiˈzɑɹm/ /ɡɪ-/ /ɡɪˈzɑːm/ gisarmes n
gizarma
A type of polearm having a spearhead and a reverse hooked spike on the back.

gist /d͡ʒɪst/ gists n
baza
(countable) The main idea or substance, or the most essential part, of a longer or more complicated matter; the crux, the heart, the pith.

give /ɡɪv/ v
dawać dać przekazywać przekazać
To transfer one's possession or holding of (something) to (someone).

give a man a fish and you feed him for a day; teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime proverb
dając człowiekowi rybę - karmisz go na jeden dzień; dając człowiekowi wędkę - karmisz go na całe życie.
It is more worthwhile to teach someone to do something (for themselves) than to do it for them (on an ongoing basis).

give a shit /ˈɡɪv ə ˌʃɪt/ v
gówno obchodzić mieć w dupie
(vulgar, chiefly in negative constructions) To care what someone else thinks or does, particularly in relation to what they think or say about the speaker.

give and take n
wzajemne ustępstwa

give back v
oddawać oddać zwracać zwrócić
(archaic) To recede; to retreat.

give birth v
rodzić urodzić
(intransitive, of viviparous animals) To release live offspring from the body into the environment.
(transitive, with to, of viviparous animals) To become the parent of by birthing.
(transitive, figuratively, usually, with to, idiom) To become the source of.

give head v
robić loda
(intransitive, idiomatic, slang, vulgar) To perform oral sex on another person. [from 1950s]

give me v
daj mi dajcie mi proszę mi dać
An expression of strong preference or approbation for a named thing.

give one's all v
dawać z siebie wszystko dać z siebie wszystko
To make the utmost effort; to contribute, using all of one's abilities and resources.

give one's word v
dawać słowo dać słowo
To promise.

give or take adv
mniej więcej z grubsza

give rise to v
dać początek zapoczątkować
To be the origin of; to produce; to result in.

give someone a hard time v
przysparzać kłopotów przysporzyć kłopotów
(idiomatic, informal) To cause difficulty or make trouble for someone.
besztać zbesztać
(idiomatic, informal) To tease, kid or rib someone.

give someone a piece of one's mind v
wygarniać wygarnąć
(idiomatic) To express one's opinion strongly; to voice one's disagreement or dissatisfaction, especially with another person; to scold or rebuke someone.

give the floor v
oddawać głos oddać głos

give the lie to v
zadawać kłam zadać kłam
(idiomatic, transitive) To reveal or prove (something) to be false; to refute.

give up v
poddawać się poddać się
(transitive) To surrender (someone or something)
zrezygnować zaprzestać
(transitive) To stop or quit (an activity, etc.)
oddać
(transitive) To relinquish (something)
tracić nadzieję
(transitive) To lose hope concerning (someone or something)
porzucić
(transitive) To abandon (someone or something)
poddać się
(intransitive) To admit defeat, capitulate.

give up the ghost v
wyzionąć ducha
(intransitive, idiomatic) To cease clinging to life; to die.

give way v
ustąpić ustępować
To yield to persistent persuasion.
ustąpić miejsca ustępować miejsca
To be followed, succeeded, or replaced by.
To allow another person to intervene to make a point or ask a question whilst one is delivering a speech.
ustąpić pierwszeństwa
To give precedence to other road users.

give way sign give way signs n
ustąp pierwszeństwa
(British) a road sign which instructs road users to give right of way to other traffic

given /ˈɡɪv.ən/ more given most given adj
dany
Already arranged.
Currently discussed.

given /ˈɡɪv.ən/ preposition
ze względu na
Considering; taking into account.

given name given names n
imię
A personal name chosen for a child, usually by their parents.

given that conjunction
biorąc pod uwagę, że z uwagi na
In consideration of the fact that.

gizmo /ˈɡɪzmoʊ/ gizmos n
wihajster gadżet ustrojstwo
(slang) Something, generally a device, for which one does not know the proper term.

gizzard /ˈɡɪzəd/ /ˈɡɪzɚd/ gizzards n
mielec żołądek mięśniowy
A specialized organ constructed of thick muscular walls found in the digestive tract of some animals, including archosaurs (including crocodilians and birds), earthworms, some gastropods, some fish, and some crustaceans, and used for grinding up food, often aided by particles of stone or grit.

glacial /ˈɡleɪ.sɪəl/ /ˈɡleɪ.ʃ(ɪ)əl/ more glacial most glacial adj
glacjalny lodowcowy
Of, or relating to glaciers.

glacial erratic glacial erratics n
głaz narzutowy
A rock that differs from the size and type of rock native to the area in which it rests, usually large and transported there by a glacier.

glacier /ˈɡleɪ.ʃɚ/ /ˈɡleɪs.jə/ /ˈɡleɪs.jɚ/ /ˈɡlæs.jə/ glaciers n
lodowiec
(geology) A large body of ice which flows under its own mass, usually downhill.

glaciology /ˌɡleɪsɪˈɒlədʒi/ /ˌɡleɪʃiˈɑləd͡ʒi/ glaciologies n
glacjologia
(geography) The study of ice and its effect on the landscape, especially the study of glaciers. [from late 19th c.]

glacis /ˈɡleɪsɪs/ /ˈɡlæsi/ glacis glacises n
przedstok
(architectural element, also, figuratively) A gentle incline in front of a fortification which protects it from cannon fire and exposes attackers to more effective return fire from defenders.

glad /ɡlæd/ gladder gladdest more glad most glad adj
zadowolony szczęśliwy rad uradowany usatysfakcjonowany
Pleased, happy, gratified.

glade /ɡleɪd/ glades n
polana
An open passage through a wood; a grassy open or cleared space in a forest.

gladiator /ˈɡlædiˌeɪtɚ/ gladiators n
gladiator
(in ancient Rome) A person (professional or slave) who entertained the public by engaging in mortal combat with another, or with a wild animal.

gladiatorial more gladiatorial most gladiatorial adj
gladiatorski
Of or pertaining to a gladiator.

gladiatrix gladiatrices gladiatrixes n
gladiatorka
(rare) gladiator (female)

gladiolus /ɡlædɪˈoʊləs/ /ɡlædɪˈəʊləs/ gladioli gladioluses n
mieczyk
Any of several flowering plants, of the genus Gladiolus, having sword-shaped leaves and showy flowers on spikes; gladiola.

gladly /ˈɡlædli/ gladlier gladliest more gladly most gladly adv
chętnie ochoczo skwapliwie
Willingly; certainly.

glaive /ɡleɪv/ glaives n
glewia
(historical) A weapon consisting of a pole with a large blade fixed on the end, the edge of which is on the outside curve.

glamorize v
uatrakcyjniać
To make or give the appearance of being glamorous.

glance /ɡlæns/ /ɡlɑːns/ glances n
pogląd rzut oka
(also, figuratively) A brief or cursory look.
błyszcz
(obsolete, except, in the names of certain minerals) Any of various sulphides, mostly dark-coloured, which have a brilliant metallic lustre.

glance /ɡlæns/ /ɡlɑːns/ v
rzucić okiem spojrzeć rzucać okiem zerkać zerknąć
To look briefly at (something).

gland /ɡlænd/ glands n
gruczoł
(zoology) A specialized cell, group of cells, or organ of endothelial origin in the human or animal body that synthesizes a chemical substance, such as hormones or breast milk, and releases it, often into the bloodstream (endocrine gland) or into cavities inside the body or its outer surface (exocrine gland).
(botany) A secretory structure on the surface of an organ.

glanders n
nosacizna
An infectious disease of horses, mules and donkeys caused by the bacterium Burkholderia, one species of which may be transmitted to humans.

glans penis /ˌɡlænz ˈpiːnɪs/ glandes penes glandes penis glandes penium glans penes glans penises n
żołądź
(anatomy) A conical vascularized body forming the extremity of the penis.

glare /ɡlɛə/ /ɡlɛɚ/ glares n
blask
(uncountable) An intense, blinding light.
Showy brilliance; gaudiness.

glasnost glasnosts n
głasnost
(historical) 1980s and early 1990s policy of the Soviet Union under Gorbachev to allow more government transparency; often paired with perestroika

glass /ɡlæs/ /ɡlɑːs/ [ɡlas] [ɡleəs] [ɡläːs] [ɡlæs] [ɡlɐːs] [ɡlɑːs] [ɡlɛəs] glasses n
szkło szklanka
(usually, uncountable) An amorphous solid, often transparent substance, usually made by melting silica sand with various additives (for most purposes, a mixture of soda, potash and lime is added).
szklanka kieliszek szkło
(countable) A vessel from which one drinks, especially one made of glass, plastic, or similar translucent or semi-translucent material.

glass ceiling glass ceilings n
szklany sufit
(idiomatic) An unwritten, uncodified barrier to further promotion or progression, in employment and elsewhere, for a member of a specific demographic group.

glass cleaner glass cleaners n
płyn do mycia szyb
A specific formula of cleaning fluid for glass surfaces.

glass harmonica glass harmonicas n
harmonika szklana
(musical instruments) A musical instrument composed of a series of spinning glass bowls, played with the fingers, invented by Benjamin Franklin.

glass harp /ɡlæs hɑɹp/ /ɡlɑːs hɑːp/ glass harps n
anielskie organy szklana harfa

glass wool glass wools n
wełna szklana
An insulating material, made from fiberglass, arranged into a texture similar to wool.

glassblower glassblowers n
bańkarz
A person skilled in the art of glassblowing.

glassmaking n
szklarstwo

glasspaper n
papier ścierny szmergiel

glassware glasswares n
wyroby szklane
Articles made from glass, especially drinking glasses, jugs and other tableware made of glass.

glassy /ɡlæsi/ /ɡlɑːsi/ glassier glassiest adj
szklany
Of or like glass, especially in being smooth and somewhat reflective.

glaucoma /ɡlaʊˈkoʊmə/ /ɡlɔːˈkoʊmə/ /ɡlɔːˈkəʊmə/ glaucomas glaucomata n
jaskra glaukoma
(pathology) An eye disease or disorder that is defined as a characteristic optic neuropathy, or disease of the optic nerve, possibly, if untreated, leading to damage of the optic disc of the eye and resultant visual field loss due to lack of communication between the retina and the brain, which can lead to blindness.

glaze /ɡleɪz/ glazes n
glazura polewa
(ceramics) The vitreous coating of pottery or porcelain; anything used as a coating or color in glazing. See glaze (transitive verb).
A smooth edible coating applied to food.

glaze /ɡleɪz/ v
oszklić szklić
(transitive) To install windows.

glazier /ˈɡleɪzi.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈɡleɪzi.əɹ/ /ˈɡleɪzjə(ɹ)/ /ˈɡleɪʒə(ɹ)/ /ˈɡleɪʒəɹ/ glaziers n
szklarz
One who glazes; a craftsman who works with glass, fitting windows, etc.

gleanings /ˈɡliːnɪŋz/ n
pokłosie
the crops leftover from farmers' fields after they have been commercially harvested, or on fields where it is not economically profitable to harvest

glee /ɡliː/ glees n
radość zadowolenie
(uncountable) Joy; happiness; great delight, especially from one's own good fortune or from another's misfortune.
(singing, countable) An unaccompanied part song for three or more solo voices, not necessarily merry.

glen /ɡlɛn/ /ɡlɪn/ glens n
wąwóz
A secluded and narrow valley, especially one with a river running through it; a depression between hills; a dale.

gleysol gleysols n
glej
gley soil

glib /ɡlɪb/ glibber glibbest adj
wygadany
Having a ready flow of words but lacking thought or understanding; superficial; shallow.
gładki
(dated) Smooth or slippery.

glide path glide paths n
ścieżka podejścia
the path of an aircraft as it lands under low power; especially, such a path advised to a pilot by radar assistance from the ground

glider /ˈɡlaɪdə(ɹ)/ /ˈɡlaɪdɚ/ gliders n
szybowiec
Any heavier-than-air aircraft optimised for unpowered flight; a sailplane.
A pilot of glider aircraft.

gliding /ˈɡlɑɪdɪŋ/ glidings n
szybownictwo
The hobby, sport, or act of flying a glider.

glimmer of hope glimmers of hope n
iskierka nadziei promyk nadziei płomyk nadziei

glint /ɡlɪnt/ glints n
błysk
A short flash of light.

glioma /ɡlaɪˈəʊmə/ gliomas gliomata n
glejak
(pathology) A tumour that arises from glial cells in the brain or spinal cord

glissando glissandi glissandoes glissandos n
biegnik glissando
(music) Either a continuous sliding from one pitch to another ("true" glissando), or an incidental scale played while moving from one melodic note to another ("effective" glissando).

glisten /ˈɡlɪsən/ v
błyszczeć
(intransitive, of a wet or greasy surface) To reflect light with a glittering luster; to sparkle, coruscate, glint or flash.

glitch /ɡlɪt͡ʃ/ glitches n
pluskwa
(countable) A problem affecting function.

glitchless adj
bezusterkowy

glitter /ˈɡlɪtə(ɹ)/ /ˈɡlɪtɚ/ [ˈɡlɪɾɚ] glitters n
blask
A bright, sparkling light; shininess or brilliance.
brokat
A shiny, decorative adornment, sometimes sprinkled on glue to make simple artwork.

glitter /ˈɡlɪtə(ɹ)/ /ˈɡlɪtɚ/ [ˈɡlɪɾɚ] v
błyszczeć lśnić połyskiwać
To sparkle with light; to shine with a brilliant and broken light or showy luster; to gleam.

gloat /ɡloʊt/ /ɡləʊt/ v
napawać się czyimś nieszczęściem
To exhibit a conspicuous (sometimes malevolent) pleasure or sense of self-satisfaction, often at an adversary's misfortune.

global /ˈɡloʊbəl/ /ˈɡləʊbəl/ more global most global adj
globalny światowy
Concerning all parts of the world.
globalny
(not comparable, computing) Of a variable, accessible by all parts of a program.
(not comparable) Of or relating to a globe or sphere.
kulisty sferyczny
Spherical, ball-shaped.

global maximum global maxima global maximums n
maksymalna wartość funkcji

global minimum global minima global minimums n
minimalna wartość funkcji

global village global villages n
globalna wioska
The world as a single community of interdependent inhabitants who are interconnected by contemporary technology, especially television and the World Wide Web.

global warming n
globalne ocieplenie
A sustained increase in the average temperature of the Earth, sufficient to cause climate change.

globalisation /ˌɡloʊ.bə.lɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɡləʉ.bə.lɑɪˈzæɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɡləʊ.bə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ globalisations n
globalizacja
The process of becoming a more interconnected world.

globalism globalisms n
globalizm
An ideology based on the belief that people, goods and information ought to be able to cross national borders unfettered.

globally /ˈɡloʊbəli/ /ˈɡləʊbəli/ adv
globalnie
In all places or situations.
Over the entire planet.

globe /ɡloʊb/ /ɡloːb/ /ɡləʊb/ globes n
kula ziemska glob glob ziemski
The planet Earth.
globus
A spherical model of Earth or other planet.

globeflower globeflowers n
pełnik
More generally, any plant of the genus Trollius.

globetrotter /ˈɡləʊbˌtɹɒtə(ɹ)/ globetrotters n
obieżyświat
A person who travels often to faraway places.

globule /ˈɡlɑbjul/ /ˈɡlɒbjuːl/ globules n
globulka
A small round particle of substance; a drop.

globus cruciger /ˌɡloʊ̯bəs ˈkrusɪd͡ʒɚ/ /ˌɡləʊ̯bəs ˈkɹuːsɪd͡ʒə/ globus crucigers n
jabłko królewskie
A globe topped by a cross, used as a symbol of royal power.

glockenspiel /-spil/ /-spiːl/ /ˈɡlɑk.ənˌʃpil/ /ˈɡlɒk.ənˌʃpiːl/ /ˈɡlɔk.n̩ˌʃpiːl/ /ˈɡlɔk.ŋ̩ˌʃpiːl/ glockenspiels n
dzwonki kuranty
(musical instrument) A musical instrument of the percussion idiophone family of instruments; like the xylophone, it has tuned bars arranged like the keys on a piano, and is also smaller in size and higher in pitch.

gloomily more gloomily most gloomily adv
mrocznie
In a gloomy manner.

gloomy /ˈɡlumi/ /ˈɡluːmi/ gloomier gloomiest adj
mroczny
Not very illuminated; dim because of darkness, especially when appearing depressing or frightening.

glop /ɡlɒp/ glops n
paćka

glorification glorifications n
gloryfikacja wychwalanie
The act of glorifying or the state of being glorified.

glorify /ˈɡlɔɹɪfaɪ/ v
gloryfikować wysławiać wysławić
(transitive) To exalt, or give glory or praise to (something or someone).

glory /ˈɡlo(ː)ɹi/ /ˈɡlɔɹ.i/ /ˈɡlɔː.ɹi/ [ˈɡloɹ.i] glories n
sława chwała splendor
Great beauty and splendor.
sława chwała gloria splendor
Honour, admiration, or distinction, accorded by common consent to a person or thing; high reputation; renown.
chwała
Worship or praise.

gloss /ɡlɑs/ /ɡlɒs/ /ɡlɔs/ glosses n
glosa
(countable) A brief explanatory note or translation of a foreign, archaic, technical, difficult, complex, or uncommon expression, inserted after the original, in the margin of a document, or between lines of a text.
(countable) An extensive commentary on some text.

glossary /ˈɡlɒsəɹi/ glossaries n
glosariusz glosarium
A list of terms in a particular domain of knowledge with their definitions.

glosso- /ɡlɑs.oʊ/ /ɡlɒs.ə(ʊ)/ /ɡlɔs.oʊ/ prefix
gloso-

glossolalia /ˌɡlɑsəˈleɪliə/ /ˌɡlɒsəˈleɪliə/ glossolalias n
glosolalia
Speaking a language one does not know, or speaking elaborate but apparently meaningless speech, while in a trance-like state (or, supposedly, under the influence of a deity or spirits); speaking in tongues. [from late 19th c.]

glossy /ˈɡlɑsi/ /ˈɡlɒsi/ /ˈɡlɔsi/ glossier glossiest adj
błyszczący lśniący
Having a smooth, silk-like, reflective (shiny) surface.

glossy antshrike glossy antshrikes n
mrowiec zalobny
A passerine bird of the antbird family (Sakesphorus luctuosus).

glott- prefix
glotto-

glottal /ˈɡlɑ.tl̩/ /ˈɡlɒt.l̩/ /ˈɡlɔt.l̩/ [ˈɡlɑ.ɾl̩] [ˈɡlɔɾ.l̩] adj
głośniowy
Of or relating to the glottis.
krtaniowy
(phonetics) Articulated with the glottis.

glottal stop /ɡlɑtəl stɑp/ /ɡlɒtəl stɒp/ /ɡlɒʔəl stɒp/ glottal stops n
zwarcie krtaniowe
(phonetics) A plosive sound articulated with the glottis.

glottis /ˈɡlɑ.tɪs/ /ˈɡlɒ.tɪs/ glottides glottises n
głośnia
(anatomy) The opening between the true vocal cords which is located in the larynx and affects voice modulation through expansion or contraction.

glove /ɡlʌv/ gloves n
rękawiczka rękawica
An item of clothing, covering all or part of the hand and fingers, but usually allowing independent movement of the fingers.

glove compartment glove compartments n
schowek
(automotive) A compartment recessed in an automobile’s dashboard, that usually has a door and can be locked, intended to hold gloves, papers, etc.

glover /ˈɡlʌvə/ /ˈɡlʌvɚ/ glovers n
rękawicznica rękawicznik
A person who makes or sells gloves.

glow /ɡloʊ/ /ɡləʊ/ glows n
blask poblask pobrzask poświata łuna żar
The light given off by a glowing object.
blask poblask pobrzask poświata zapał łuna
The condition of being passionate or having warm feelings.
blask ciepło gorąco
The brilliance or warmth of color in an environment or on a person (especially one's face).

glow /ɡloʊ/ /ɡləʊ/ v
żarzyć się jarzyć się
To emit light as if heated.
jarzyć się żarzyć się
(copulative) To radiate thermal heat.
lśnić świecić
To shine brightly and steadily.
pałać promienieć
(intransitive) To feel hot; to have a burning sensation, as of the skin, from friction, exercise, etc.; to burn.
(Internet slang, alt-right) to expose someone to the authorities.

glucometer glucometers n
glukometr
(medicine) A glucose meter, a device for measuring the concentration of glucose in the blood

glucosamine glucosamines n
glikozamina
(biochemistry) An amino derivative of glucose that is a component of polysaccharides such as chitin; it is marketed as a dietary supplement supposedly to reduce the symptoms of arthritis.

glucose /ˈɡlukoʊs/ /ˈɡluːkəʊz/ glucoses n
glukoza
(carbohydrate) A simple monosaccharide (sugar) with a molecular formula of C6H12O6; it is a principle source of energy for cellular metabolism.

glue /ɡljuː/ /ɡluː/ glues n
klej
A hard gelatin made by boiling bones and hides, used in solution as an adhesive; or any sticky adhesive substance.

glue /ɡljuː/ /ɡluː/ v
kleić lepić przykleić przylepić skleić
(transitive) To join or attach something using glue.

glue stick glue sticks n
klej w sztyfcie
A solid adhesive in a twist- or push-up tube, most commonly seen in schools and offices.

gluon /ˈɡluːɒn/ gluons n
gluon
(particle) A massless gauge boson that binds quarks together to form baryons, mesons and other hadrons and is associated with the strong nuclear force.

gluonic more gluonic most gluonic adj
gluonowy
(physics) Of, pertaining to, or mediated by gluons.

glutamate /ˈɡluːtəmeɪt/ glutamates n
glutaminian
(chemistry) Any salt or ester of glutamic acid.

glutamic acid n
kwas glutaminowy
(amino acid) A nonessential amino acid, α-amino-glutaric acid, occurring widely in animal and plant tissues; the salt, monosodium glutamate is used as a flavour-enhancing seasoning.

glutamine /ˈɡlutəmin/ glutamines n
glutamina
(amino acid) A nonessential amino acid C5H10N2O3 found in most animal and plant proteins.

gluteal adj
pośladkowy
(anatomy) Relating to the buttocks.

gluten /ˈɡluːtn̩/ /ˈɡluːtən/ glutens n
gluten
(cooking, biochemistry) The major protein in cereal grains, especially wheat; responsible for the elasticity in dough and the structure in baked bread. [from 19th c.]

gluten-free adj
bezglutenowy
(of food) Containing no gluten.

gluteus maximus glutei maximi n
mięsień pośladkowy wielki
(muscle) The largest of the muscles of each buttock.

glutton /ˈɡlʌt(ə)n/ gluttons n
żarłok łakomczuch
One who eats voraciously, obsessively, or to excess; a gormandizer.

gluttony /ˈɡlʌ.tən.i/ gluttonies n
obżarstwo łakomstwo żarłoczność
The vice of eating to excess.

glyceride /ˈɡlɪsəɹaɪd/ glycerides n
gliceryd
(organic compound) An ester of glycerol and one or more fatty acid; they are the major constituents of lipids.

glycerine /ˈɡlɪsəɹɪn/ glycerines n
gliceryna
(organic compound) The common name for glycerol, glycerin or E422.

glycerol glycerols n
glicerol
A syrupy sweet liquid obtained as a by-product in the manufacture of soap from animal or vegetable oils and fats; it is used as an antifreeze, a plasticizer, and a food sweetener and in the manufacture of dynamite, cosmetics etc.

glycine /ˈɡlaɪˌsin/ glycines n
glicyna
(amino acid) A nonessential amino acid, amino-acetic acid, C2H5NO2 found in most proteins but especially in sugar cane; the simplest amino acid.

glyco- prefix
gliko- gluko-
sugars

glycol /ˈɡlaɪ̯.kɒl/ glycols n
glikol
(organic chemistry) Any aliphatic diol.

glycolic acid n
kwas glikolowy

glyph /ɡlɪf/ glyphs n
hieroglif
A figure carved in relief or incised, especially representing a sound, word, or idea.

glyphosate /ɡlaɪˈfɒseɪt/ /ˈɡlaɪfə-/ /ˈɡlɪfəseɪt/ glyphosates n
glifosat
N-phosphonomethyl glycine, the active ingredient of several herbicides that inhibit a plant growth enzyme.

gnarl /nɑː(ɹ)l/ gnarls n
sęk
Something resembling a knot in wood, such as in stone or limbs.

gnarled /nɑː(ɹ)ld/ more gnarled most gnarled adj
sękaty
Knotty and misshapen.

gnash /næʃ/ v
zgrzytać
(transitive) To grind (one's teeth) in pain or in anger.

gnateater gnateaters n
mrówkożer
Any of the South American passerine birds in the family Conopophagidae.

gnaw /nɑ/ /nɔ/ /nɔː/ v
gryźć głodać
(ambitransitive) To bite something persistently, especially something tough.

gneiss /ˈnaɪs/ gneisses n
gnejs
(geology) A common and widely-distributed metamorphic rock having bands or veins, but not schistose.

gnocchi /ˈnjoʊ.ki/ /ˈnjɒ.ki/ /ˈnɒ.ki/ gnocchis n
gnocchi
Italian pasta-like dumpling(s) made of potato or semolina.

gnome /noʊm/ /nəʊm/ gnomes n
gnom skarbek
(mythology, fantasy) One of a race of imaginary human-like beings, usually depicted as short and typically bearded males, who inhabit the inner parts of the earth and act as guardians of mines, mineral treasure, etc.; in modern fantasy literature and games, when distinguished from dwarves, gnomes are usually even smaller than dwarves and more focussed on engineering than mining.
sóweczka dwuplamista
The northern pygmy owl, Glaucidium gnoma, a small owl of the western United States.

gnomon /ˈnoʊ.mən/ /ˈnoʊˌmɑn/ /ˈnəʊ.mən/ /ˈnəʊˌmɒn/ gnomons n
gnomon
An object such as a pillar or a rod that is used to tell time by the shadow it casts when the sun shines on it, especially the pointer on a sundial. [from mid 16th c.]

gnomonic /nəʊˈmɒnɪk/ adj
gnomoniczny
(cartography) Showing all great circles as straight lines, and thus preserving the shortest distances between any two locations.

gnomonics /nəʊˈmɒnɪks/ n
gnomonika
The science, art and craft of designing and constructing sundials.

gnoseological adj
gnoseologiczny
Of or pertaining to gnoseology.

gnoseology n
epistemologia gnoseologia teoria poznania
(uncommon) The philosophical study of knowledge.

gnosiologically adv
gnoseologicznie
In terms of gnosiology.

gnu /njuː/ /nuː/ /ɡəˈnjuː/ /ɡəˈnuː/ gnu gnus n
gnu antylopa gnu
A large antelope of the genus Connochaetes, native to Africa, having curved horns.

go /ɡoʊ/ [ɡu] [ɡɐʉ] [ɡəʉ] [ɡəʊ] goes n
go
(board game) A strategic board game, originally from China and today also popular in Japan and Korea, in which two players (black and white) attempt to control the largest area of the board with their counters.
kolej
A turn at something, or in something (e.g. a game).
próba
An attempt, a try.
pozwolenie
An approval or permission to do something, or that which has been approved.

go /ɡoʊ/ [ɡu] [ɡɐʉ] [ɡəʉ] [ɡəʊ] v
iść chodzić jechać pojechać jeździć pójść
(intransitive) To move through space (especially to or through a place). (May be used of tangible things like people or cars, or intangible things like moods or information.)
robić
(intransitive) To navigate (to a file or folder on a computer, a site on the internet, a memory, etc).
(intransitive) To sound; to make a noise.
To say (something), to make a sound:
działać
(intransitive, chiefly, of a, machine) To work or function (properly); to move or perform (as required).
stawać się pasować robić się znikać zniknąć
To turn out, to result; to come to (a certain result).

go Dutch v
płacić osobno
(idiom, informal, slang) To pay for one's own food and bills, or split the cost, when eating at a restaurant or going out for entertainment.

go a long way v
wystarczać wystarczyć
(idiomatic) To be adequate or helpful for a significant amount of time.
odnieść sukces odnosić sukces
(idiomatic) To achieve considerable success.

go against the grain v
iść pod prąd
(idiomatic) To defy convention; to do something in a manner that is unusual or out of the ordinary.

go ahead /ˌɡoʊ əˈhɛd/ /ˌɡu əˈhɛd/ /ˌɡɐʉ əˈhɛd/ /ˌɡəʉ əˈhɛd/ /ˌɡəʊ əˈhɛd/ v
zacząć śmiało
(in the imperative) Used to grant permission for or to give endorsement of a suggestion or proposal.

go all out v
dawać z siebie wszystko dać z siebie wszystko
(idiomatic) To reserve nothing; to put forth all possible effort or resources.

go away interjection
idź stąd!

go away v
odchodzić odejść
To depart or leave a place.
wyjechać wyjeżdżać
To travel somewhere, especially on holiday or vacation.
zniknąć
To vanish or disappear.

go bad v
gnić zgnić
(of foods and commodities) To spoil, rot, or otherwise become unusable due to age or storage conditions.

go bankrupt v
bankrutować plajtować pobankrutować popadać poupadać splajtować
(intransitive) To become bankrupt.

go down in history v
przechodzić do historii przejść do historii

go downhill /ɡɐʉ dɐʉnˈhɪɫ/ v
pogarszać sie pogarszyć sie psuć się zepsuć się
(idiomatic) To worsen or degenerate.

go far v
odnieść sukces odnosić sukces
(idiom, intransitive) To attain success, especially from humble origins; achieve a great deal.

go figure /ɡoʊ ˈfɪɡjɚ/ phraseologicalUnit
i bądź tu mądry
(idiomatic) Expresses perplexity, puzzlement, or surprise (as if telling somebody to try to make sense of the situation).

go fly a kite phraseologicalUnit
spadać na drzewo
(informal, idiomatic, mostly, imperative) To go away; get lost; leave.

go for broke v
postawić wszystko na jedną kartę stawiać wszystko na jedną kartę
(idiomatic) To try everything possible or do every last thing possible in a final attempt.

go for the throat v
skakać do oczu skoczył do oczu

go fuck oneself phraseologicalUnit
idź się jebać pierdol się

go in one ear and out the other v
jednym uchem wchodzi, a drugim wychodzi
(idiomatic) To be heard but not attended to, when a person fails to pay attention.

go it alone /ˈɡoʊ ɪt əˈloʊn/ /ˈɡəʊ ɪt əˈləʊn/ v
robić coś sam zrobić coś sam
(colloquial) To do something alone or independently, especially something that is normally or better done in groups.

go nuts v
oszaleć szaleć wariować zwariować
(informal) To become mad.
baw się dobrze bawcie się dobrze śmiało
(informal, in the imperative) Go ahead; feel free.

go out v
wychodzić wyjść
(intransitive) To leave, especially a building.
(intransitive, of a couple) To have a romantic relationship, one that involves going out together on dates; to be a couple.
zgasnąć gasnąć
To be turned off or extinguished.

go over v
przestudiować przestudiowywać
(idiomatic) To look at carefully; to scrutinize; to analyze.

go round in circles v
nie robić postępów
(idiomatic) To repeatedly do the same thing without making any progress.

go the way of the dodo /ˈɡoʊ ðə ˌweɪ ə(v) ðə ˈdoʊˌdoʊ/ /ˈɡəʊ ðə ˌweɪ ə(v) ðə ˈdəʊdəʊ/ v
wychodzić z mody wyjść z mody
(idiomatic) To go extinct or become obsolete or defunct; to fall out of common practice or use; to become a thing of the past.

go through fire and water v
skoczyć w ogień

go through hell v
przechodzić piekło przejść piekło

go through the mill v
przechodzić twardą szkołe przejść twardą szkołe
(idiomatic) To experience the suffering or discipline necessary to bring one to a certain degree of knowledge or skill, or to a certain mental state.

go to bed v
kłaść się
To lie down to sleep, put oneself in one's bed.

go to bed with the sun v
chodzić spać z kurami

go to hell v
idź do diabła
Expression of anger and contempt directed at someone, especially after that individual has done something very wrong.

go to shit v
iść w pizdu
(slang, vulgar) To become much worse.

go to someone's head v
uderzać do głowy uderzyć do głowy

go to the dogs v
schodzić na psy
(idiomatic) To decline or deteriorate shockingly.

go to waste v
marnować zmarnować

go too far v
przeciągać strunę przeciągnąć strunę

go up v
podnieść podnosić
To move upwards

go up in smoke v
iść z dymem pójść iść z dymem
To catch fire and burn.
pójść z dymem
(idiomatic, by extension) To be completely ruined or devastated.

go with the flow v
iść z nurtem
(idiomatic) To act as others are acting, conforming to common behavior patterns with an attitude of calm acceptance.

go without saying v
być oczywistym
(idiomatic, impersonal) To not need to be said; to be obvious, apparent, clear, or already established.

go-cart go-carts n
gokart
A small, open-wheeled vehicle for racing; often spelled go-kart.

go-getter go-getters n
przebojowy
(idiomatic) An active and enterprising person; one who is motivated or inclined to excel; one who strives to achieve success or improvement.

go-it-alone /ˈɡoʊ ɪt əˈloʊn/ /ˈɡəʊ ɪt əˈləʊn/ adj
robiony po swojemu
(colloquial) Done alone or independently, especially of something that is normally or better done in groups.

goad /ɡoʊd/ /ɡəʊd/ goads n
oścień
A long, pointed stick used to prod animals.

goad /ɡoʊd/ /ɡəʊd/ v
podpuszczać wodzić
prowadzić
To prod with a goad.
podjudzać podjudzić
To incite or provoke.

goal /ɡoʊl/ /ɡɐʉl/ /ɡəʊl/ [ɡoɫ] [ɡɒʊɫ] goals n
cel bramka
A result that one is attempting to achieve.
bramka
(sport) In many sports, an area into which the players attempt to put an object.
gol bramka
(sport) The act of placing the object into the goal.
A point scored in a game as a result of placing the object into the goal.

goal area goal areas n
przedpole
(soccer) The area of the pitch, extending six yards from the goal, from which a goal kick is taken.

goal celebration goal celebrations n
cieszynka
(sports) A choreography that is acted after scoring a goal.

goal line goal lines n
linia bramkowa
(rugby league, soccer, hurling, Gaelic football) the boundary of the field that runs along its width at each end, and across the front of the goal.

goalkeeper goalkeepers n
bramkarz
(sports) A designated player that attempts to prevent the opposing team from scoring by protecting a goal.

goalless adj
bezbramkowy
(sports) Without goals; in which no goals have been scored; having scored no goals.

goallessly adv
bezbramkowo
In a goalless manner.

goalpost /ˈɡoʊlpoʊst/ /ˈɡɔʊl-/ /ˈɡəʊlpəʊst/ goalposts n
słupek
(sports) One of the two vertical side poles of a goal.

goat /ɡoʊt/ /ɡoːt/ /ɡɐʉt/ /ɡəʊt/ [ɡoʊʔt̚] goats n
koza kozioł
(uncountable) The meat of the aforementioned animal.

goat cheese goat cheeses n
kozi ser ser kozi
Any cheese produced using goatmilk.

goat's-beard /ˈɡəʊtsbɪəd/ goat's-beards n
parzydło
A woodland plant of the family Rosaceae, Aruncus dioicus.
kozibród
A yellow-flowered Eurasian plant, of the genus Tragopogon.

goatee /ɡəʊˈtiː/ /ˌɡoʊˈtiː/ goatees n
kozia bródka
A beard trimmed to grow only at the center of the chin.

goatgrass goatgrasses n
koziook ościec twałek
Any of various wheatlike grasses of the genus Aegilops.

goatherd goatherds n
koziarz koziarka pasterka kóz pasterz kóz pastuch kóz pastuszka kóz
A person who herds, tends goats.

goatmeat n
kozina
The meat of a goat, used as food; chevon.

goatmilk n
mleko kozie
milk produced by goats

gobble /ˈɡɑbl̩/ /ˈɡɒbl̩/ v
szamać wszamać żreć
To eat hastily or greedily; to scoff or scarf (often used with up)

gobbledygook gobbledygooks n
bełkot
(informal) Nonsense; meaningless or encrypted language.

goblet /ˈɡɒblət/ goblets n
kielich puchar
A drinking vessel with a foot and stem.

goblet drum goblet drums n
darbuka
(musical instruments) A drum, shaped like a goblet, from the Middle East and North Africa; a darbuka.

goblin /ˈɡɑb.lɪn/ /ˈɡɒb.lɪn/ goblins n
goblin
One of various hostile supernatural creatures, now especially (fantasy literature) a malevolent and grotesque diminutive humanoid, often associated with orcs or trolls.

goblin shark goblin sharks n
rekin chochlik
A species of mackerel shark, Mitsukurina owstoni, that has a long snout-like protrusion from its forehead and grows to 3.8 meters in length.

god /ɡɑd/ /ɡɒd/ /ɡɒːd/ /ɡɔd/ /ɡɔːd/ gods n
bóstwo bóg
bóg
An idol.

goddamn /ˈɡɒd.dæm/ /ˌɡɒdˈdæm/ adj
cholera do diabła do diaska kurka
(vulgar, sometimes, _, offensive) Used as an intensifier.

goddamn /ˈɡɒd.dæm/ /ˌɡɒdˈdæm/ interjection
cholera!
(vulgar, colloquial) An expression of anger, surprise, intense excitement or frustration.

goddaughter /ˈɡɑdˌdɔ.tɚ/ /ˈɡɒdˌdɔːtə(ɹ)/ goddaughters n
chrześnica chrześniaczka
A female child whose baptism is sponsored by a godparent.

goddess /-ɛs/ /-ɪs/ /ˈɡɑdəs/ /ˈɡɒdɛs/ goddesses n
bogini
(religion) A female deity.
(figuratively) A woman honored or adored as physically attractive or of superior charm and intelligence.

godfather /ˈɡɑdfɑðɚ/ /ˈɡɒdfɑːðə/ godfathers n
ojciec chrzestny chrzestny
(Christianity) A man present at the christening of a baby who promises to help raise the child in a Christian manner; a male godparent who sponsors the baptism of a child.
ojciec chrzestny
(crime) A mafia leader.

godfearing more godfearing most godfearing adj
bogobojny
Acting with obedience to rules established by a deity out of fear of the power of that deity.
bogobojny pobożny
Devout; pious; very religious.

godless /ˈɡɒdləs/ more godless most godless adj
bezbożny
Not acknowledging any deity or god; without belief in any deity or god.

godlessly more godlessly most godlessly adv
bezbożnie

godlessness godlessnesses n
bezbożnictwo
The state of being godless.

godlike /ˈɡɑdlaɪk/ /ˈɡɒdlaɪk/ more godlike most godlike adj
boski
Having the characteristics of a god.

godliness godlinesses n
bogobojność pobożność
The condition and quality of being godly, pious, scrupulously observant of all the teachings of one's religion, practicing virtue and avoiding sin.

godly /ˈɡɑdli/ /ˈɡɒdli/ godlier godliest more godly most godly adj
boski boży
Of or pertaining to a god
pobożny
Devoted to a god or God; devout; righteous.
boski
Gloriously good.

godmother /ˈɡɒdmʌðə/ godmothers n
matka chrzestna chrzestna
A woman present at the christening of a baby who promises to help raise the child in a Christian manner; a female godparent who sponsors the baptism of a child.

godparent godparents n
chrzestny chrzestna
A person who, at a child's naming ceremony or baptism, agrees to help raise the child, originally and especially in regard to their religious development.

godsend /ˈɡɑdˌsɛnd/ /ˈɡɒdsɛnd/ godsends n
dar niebios
An instance of unexpected benefit or good fortune; a windfall.

godson /ˈɡɑdˌsʌn/ /ˈɡɒdˌsʌn/ godsons n
chrześniak
A male child whose baptism is sponsored by a godparent.

godwit /ˈɡɑd.wɪt/ /ˈɡɒd.wɪt/ godwits n
rycyk
Any of four species of long-billed migratory wading birds in the genus Limosa, of the family Scolopacidae.

goer /ˈɡoʊɚ/ goers n
bywalczyni bywalec
One who, or that which, goes.

goggles /ˈɡɑ.ɡəlz/ n
gogle okulary ochronne
Protective eyewear set in a flexible frame to fit snugly against the face.

going /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/ /ˈɡɔɪŋ/ /ˈɡəʊɪŋ/ adj
realny
Likely to continue; viable.
bieżący
Current, prevailing.
dostępny
(especially, after a noun phrase with a superlative) Available.

going /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/ /ˈɡɔɪŋ/ /ˈɡəʊɪŋ/ goings n
odejście odjazd odlot
A departure.
postęp
Progress.
warunki
(figurative) Conditions for advancing in any way.
sposoby
(in the plural) Course of life; behaviour; doings; ways.

going /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/ /ˈɡɔɪŋ/ /ˈɡəʊɪŋ/ v
chodzący
(in combination) Attending or visiting (a stated event, place, etc.) habitually or regularly.

goitre /ˈɡɔɪ.tə/ /ˈɡɔɪ.tɚ/ goitres n
wole
(pathology, UK) An enlargement of the front and sides of the neck caused by inflammation of the thyroid gland.

gold /ɡaʉld/ /ɡoʊld/ /ɡuːld/ /ɡəʊld/ [ɡɒʊ(ɫ)d] [ɡɔʊ(ɫ)d] golder goldest adj
złoty złoto
Made of gold.
złocisty złoty
Having the colour of gold.

gold /ɡaʉld/ /ɡoʊld/ /ɡuːld/ /ɡəʊld/ [ɡɒʊ(ɫ)d] [ɡɔʊ(ɫ)d] symbol
złoto złoty złoty medal
☉ (alchemy)

gold digger /ɡəʊld ˈdɪɡə(ɹ)/ gold diggers n
poszukiwacz złota
Someone who digs or mines for gold.
naciągaczka
(figuratively, pejorative) A person (usually female) who cultivates a personal relationship in order to attain wealth.

gold medal gold medals n
złoty medal
A medal made of, or having the colour of, gold, given as a prize for winning

gold mine gold mines n
kopalnia złota złoty interes żyła złota
(idiomatic) A very profitable economic venture.

gold rush /ˈɡoʊldˌɹʌʃ/ /ˈɡəʊldˌɹʌʃ/ gold rushes n
gorączka złota
(chiefly, historical) Any period of feverish migration into an area in which gold has been discovered.

gold standard gold standards n
złoty standard
(figurative) A test or measure of comparison that is considered ultimate or ideal.

gold-bearing more gold-bearing most gold-bearing adj
złotodajny złotonośny
(of a mineral or ore) containing or producing gold

gold-plated adj
złocony
Having a thin layer of gold applied to the surface, often by electrolysis.

goldcrest goldcrests n
mysikrólik
A very small passerine bird, Regulus regulus, that breeds in Eurasia.

golden /ˈɡoʊl.dən/ /ˈɡəʊl.dən/ [ˈɡɒʊ̯ɫ.dn̩] [ˈɡəɫ.dn̩] goldener goldenest more golden most golden adj
złoty
Made of, or relating to, gold.
Marked by prosperity, creativity etc.
Relating to a fiftieth anniversary.
złoty złocisty
Having a colour or other richness suggestive of gold.
wielki złoty
Advantageous or very favourable.

golden age /ˈɡoʊl.dən eɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈɡəʊl.dən eɪd͡ʒ/ golden ages n
złoty wiek
(idiomatic) A period of happiness, peace, prosperity, and great progress.

golden anniversary golden anniversaries n
złote gody złote wesele
The 50th anniversary of some event, particularly a wedding.

golden calf golden calves n
złoty cielec
(Old Testament) A golden image of a calf, made by Aaron and worshipped by the Israelites.
(by extension) Money as an end in itself; mammon.

golden eagle /ˈɡəʊl.dən ˈiː.ɡəl/ golden eagles n
orzeł przedni
A large bird of prey, Aquila chrysaetos, that hunts while soaring.

golden goal golden goals n
złoty gol
(soccer) The first goal scored during extra time, giving victory to the scoring side if sudden death is in effect.

golden goose golden geese n
kura znosząca złote jajka
(figuratively, idiomatic) Something that generates much profit or gives great advantages.

golden handshake golden handshakes n
odprawa
(idiomatic) A generous severance payment, especially as an inducement to leave employment.

golden jackal golden jackals n
szakal złocisty
Canis aureus, a common jackal that can be found in southwest Europe, the Middle East and South Asia.

golden mean /ˈɡoʊl.dən ˈmiːn/ /ˈɡəʊl.dən ˈmiːn/ golden means n
złoty środek
A position of balance between excess and deficiency.

golden opportunity golden opportunities n
złota okazja

golden oriole golden orioles n
boguwola wilga
A bright yellow and black passerine songbird, Oriolus oriolus, of Europe and western Asia.

golden parachute golden parachutes n
złoty spadochron
(idiomatic, business, management) An agreement between a company and an employee, usually an executive, specifying that the employee will receive certain significant benefits if employment is terminated.

golden ratio golden ratios n
złoty podział złota proporcja
(geometry) The irrational number (approximately 1.618), usually denoted by the Greek letter φ (phi), which is equal to the sum of its own reciprocal and 1, or, equivalently, is the square root of the sum of itself and 1.

golden share golden shares n
złota akcja

golden shower golden showers n
złoty deszcz
(idiomatic, slang, pornography) The act of a person urinating on another, usually for the sexual gratification of one or both persons.

golden years n
złote czasy
(idiomatic, euphemism) Old age; especially, the leisure years in later life after one has retired from employment.
(idiomatic) The period during which someone or something flourishes.

goldenly more goldenly most goldenly adv
złocisto złociście złoto
In a golden manner.

goldenrod /ˈɡoʊldənˌɹɑd/ goldenrods n
nawłoć
A golden-yellow colour, like that of the goldenrod plant.

goldfinch goldfinches n
szczygieł
Any of several small passerine birds of the finch family

goldfish /ˈɡoʊldfɪʃ/ goldfish goldfishes n
złota rybka
A type of small fish, Carassius auratus, typically orange-colored.

goldilocks /ˈɡəʊldilɒks/ goldilocks n
złotowłosa złotowłosy
A person with golden hair, especially a girl with long hair.

goldsmith goldsmiths n
złotnik
A person who makes, repairs or sells things out of gold, especially jewelry.

golem /ˈɡoʊ.ləm/ /ˈɡɑl.əm/ /ˈɡɒl.əm/ /ˈɡəʊ.ləm/ golems n
golem
(mythology) A humanoid creature made from clay, animated by magic.

golf /ɡɑlf/ /ɡɒf/ /ɡɒlf/ /ɡɔlf/ n
golf
(sports) A ball game played by individuals competing against one another in which the object is to hit a ball into each of a series of (usually 18 or nine) holes in the minimum number of strokes.

golfer /ˈɡɒlfə(ɹ)/ golfers n
golfistka golfista
Someone who plays golf.

golfwear n
ubranie golfowe

gombolola gombololas n
[[pod-]]hrabstwo

gon- prefix
gono-

gonad /ˈɡəʊ.næd/ gonads n
gonada
(anatomy) A sex organ that produces gametes; specifically, a testicle or ovary.

gondola /ˈɡɒn.də.lə/ gondolas gondole n
gondola
A small long, narrow boat with a high prow and stern, propelled with a single oar, especially in Venice.
An enclosed car attached to a cable mechanically lifted up the side of a mountain; an enclosed ski lift; a cable car.
The car or basket of a hot-air balloon, airship, zeppelin, etc.

gondolier /ˌɡɑndəˈlɪɹ/ /ˌɡɒndəˈlɪə(ɹ)/ gondoliers n
gondolier gondolierka
A boatperson who propels a gondola, especially in Venice.

gonfalon /-lən/ /ˈɡɑːn.fəˌlɑːn/ gonfalons n
chorągiew gonfalon
A standard or ensign, consisting of a pole with a crosspiece from which a banner is suspended, especially as used in church processions, but also for civic and military display.

gong /ɡɑŋ/ /ɡɒŋ/ /ɡɔŋ/ gongs n
gong
(musical instruments) A percussion instrument consisting of a metal disk that emits a sonorous sound when struck with a soft hammer.

gonorrhea /ˌɡɑn.əˈɹi.ə/ /ˌɡɒn.əˈɹiː.ə/ gonorrheas n
rzeżączka tryper wiewiór
(American spelling) A sexually transmitted infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a species of bacteria (the gonococcus) that affects the mucous membrane of the genital and urinary tracts.

goo /ɡuː/ goos n
babranina glut
(uncountable, informal) Any semi-solid or liquid substance; especially one that is sticky, gummy or slippery, unpleasant, and of vague or unknown composition, such as slime or semen.

goo goo ga ga /ˈɡuː ɡuː ˈɡɑː ɡɑː/ interjection
gugu gaga
(baby talk) Onomatopoeic imitation of the sound of a baby who has not yet learned to speak.

good /ɡʊ(d)/ /ɡʊd/ [ɡud] [ɡɪ̈d] [ɡʊd] [ɡʊ̈d] best better adj
dobry
Acting in the interest of what is beneficial, ethical, or moral.
(of people or animals)
Competent or talented.
Useful for a particular purpose; functional.
Effective.
Favourable.
Pleasant; enjoyable.
Beneficial; worthwhile.
Having a particularly pleasant taste.
Healthful.
Of food or other perishable products, still fit for use; not yet expired, stale, rotten, etc.
Full; entire; at least as much as.

good /ɡʊ(d)/ /ɡʊd/ [ɡud] [ɡɪ̈d] [ɡʊd] [ɡʊ̈d] goods n
dobro dobroć
(uncountable) The forces or behaviours that are the enemy of evil. Usually consists of helping others and general benevolence.

good afternoon phraseologicalUnit
dzień dobry
(rather formal in, _, US, Canada) A greeting or farewell said in the afternoon.

good as gold adj
dobrze wychowany
(especially, UK, of a person, simile) Very well-behaved (especially of a child); very good-hearted (especially of an adult).

good cop bad cop n
dobry i zły glina dobry i zły policjant
A psychological tactic used for interrogation, involving one police officer playing the role of intimidating adversary, and another that of friend with whom the subject is encouraged to bond.
An analogous negotiation or interrogation tactic.

good day phraseologicalUnit
dzień dobry
(dated, formal) A somewhat formal greeting generally used between sunrise and sunset.

good evening interjection
dobry wieczór
(generally formal in, _, US, Canada) Used as a greeting in the evening.

good faith /ˌɡʊd ˈfeɪθ/ n
dobra wiara
Good, honest intentions, even if producing unfortunate results. [from between 1890 and 1895]

good for someone interjection
brawo ty
An exclamation of encouragement or congratulation.

good heavens /ɡʊd ˈhɛvənz/ interjection
ojejku
(dated, exclamation) An exclamation of surprise or shock.

good job interjection
dobra robota
(idiomatic) Well done; congratulations!

good loser good losers n
osoba, która umie przegrywać

good luck /ˌɡʊd ˈlʌk/ interjection
powodzenia!
Used to wish fortune to an individual or as encouragement.

good luck /ˌɡʊd ˈlʌk/ n
szczęście
Desirable or beneficial fortune.

good manners n
dobre maniery
The treatment of other people with courtesy and politeness, and showing correct public behaviour.

good morning /ˌɡʊd ˈmɔɹnɪŋ/ /ˌɡʊd ˈmɔːnɪŋ/ interjection
dzień dobry
Used as a greeting when meeting someone for the first time in the morning.

good news n
dobra nowina
(Christianity) The message of Jesus concerning the salvation of the faithful (as elaborated in the Gospels)

good night phraseologicalUnit
dobranoc
A farewell said in the evening or before going to sleep.

good night's sleep good nights' sleeps n
wyspać się

good question interjection
dobre pytanie

good riddance /ˌɡʊd ˈɹɪd(ə)ns/ /ˌɡʊd ˈɹɪdns/ interjection
krzyż na drogę baba z wozu, koniom lżej droga wolna krzyżyk na drogę
Used to indicate that a departure or loss is welcome.

good things come in threes proverb
szczęścia chodzą parami
If a fortunate event has already occurred twice, a third fortunate event is likely to occur.

good things come to those who wait proverb
dobre rzeczy trafiają do cierpliwych
A patient seeker will be satisfied in due time.

good to go adj
droga wolna
(informal, of a thing) Ready for use or normal operation, especially after repair or renewal.

good turn good turns n
dobry uczynek przysługa
(idiomatic) A good deed; a thoughtful or selfless act.

good weather n
dobra pogoda

good wine needs no bush proverb
dobry towar sam się chwali
There is no need to boast or advertise about something of good quality.

good-for-nothing good-for-nothings n
nicpoń ladaco
A person of little worth or usefulness.

good-looking /ˈɡʊdˈlʊk.ɪŋ/ best-looking better-looking more good-looking most good-looking adj
przystojny
Physically attractive (of a person).

good-natured /ɡʊdˈneɪtʃəd/ more good-natured most good-natured adj
arcydobry dobroduszny
Having or showing an amicable, kindly disposition.

good-tempered more good-tempered most good-tempered adj
miły
Not easily irritated; affable

goodbye /ɡədˈbaɪ/ /ɡəˈbaɪ/ /ɡʊdˈbaɪ/ interjection
do widzenia bywaj żegnaj
Farewell; a formula used to another person or persons when the speaker, writer, or person addressed is departing.

goodbye /ɡədˈbaɪ/ /ɡəˈbaɪ/ /ɡʊdˈbaɪ/ goodbyes n
pożegnanie
An utterance of goodbye, the wishing of farewell to someone.

goodbye, cruel world /ɡʊdˈbaɪ {{!}} ˌkɹuːəl ˈwɜːld/ phraseologicalUnit
żegnaj, okrutny świecie
An exclamation made before committing suicide, in speech, text, or in a suicide note.

goodness /ˈɡʊdnəs/ /ˈɡʊdnɪs/ goodnesses n
dobroć dobro
(uncountable) The state or characteristic of being good.

goods /ɡʊdz/ n
towar dobro produkt
(business, economics) That which is produced, then traded, bought or sold, then finally consumed.

goods train goods trains n
pociąg towarowy towar towarowiec
A train used for the transportation of goods.

goods wagon goods wagons n
wagon towarowy
(UK) A railway wagon for carrying freight.

goodwill /ɡʊdˈwɪl/ goodwills n
benewolencja dobra wola przychylność łaskawość życzliwość
A favorably disposed attitude toward someone or something.
renoma
(accounting) The value of a business entity not directly attributable to its tangible assets and liabilities. This value derives from factors such as consumer loyalty to the brand.
(business) A concept used to refer to the ability of an individual or business to exert influence within a community, club, market or another type of group, without having to resort to the use of an asset (such as money or property), either directly or by the creation of a lien.

goody /ˈɡʊdi/ goodies n
smakołyk
(informal) A small amount of something good to eat.

goof /ɡuːf/ goofs n
babol
(US, informal) A mistake or error.
bęcwał
(US, Canada, MTE, informal) A foolish and/or silly person; a goofball.

goofy /ˈɡuːfi/ goofier goofiest adj
głupkowaty
silly, quirky

google /ˈɡuː.ɡəl/ googles n
googlanie googlowanie guglanie guglowanie wyguglanie wyguglowanie
An Internet search, such as one performed on the Google search engine.

google /ˈɡuː.ɡəl/ v
googlować guglać guglować googlać pogooglować przegooglować
To search for (something) on the Internet using the Google search engine.

googol /ˈɡu.ɡɑl/ /ˈɡu.ɡəl/ /ˈɡuː.ɡɒl/ /ˈɡuː.ɡəl/ googols numeral
gugol googol
The number 10^{100}, or ten to the power of a hundred. Equivalent to ten duotrigintillion (short scale), or ten sexdecilliard (long scale). [from 1920.]

googolplex /ˈɡuɡɑl-/ /ˈɡuɡəlplɛks/ /ˈɡuːɡɒl-/ /ˈɡuːɡəlplɛks/ googolplexes numeral
dziesięć do potęgi dziesięciu do potęgi stu
The number 10^{10^{100}} or 10^\text{googol}, ten to the power of a googol. [from 1920.]

googolplexplex /ˈɡuɡɑl-/ /ˈɡuɡəlplɛksplɛks/ /ˈɡuːɡɒl-/ /ˈɡuːɡəlplɛksplɛks/ googolplexplexes numeral
dziesięć do potęgi dziesięciu do potęgi dziesięciu do potęgi stu

gook /ɡuːk/ /ɡʊk/ gooks n
żółtek
(slang, vulgar, derogatory, offensive, ethnic slur) A person of (South) East Asian descent; originally a native of the Philippines, but now especially:

goon /ɡoʊ.ɑn/ /ɡuːn/ /ɡəʊ.ɒn/ goons n
zbir
A thug; a usually muscular henchman with little intelligence.

goon squad goon squads n
banda zbirów
(chiefly, US, informal, derogatory, idiomatic) A group of individuals serving as enforcers, bodyguards, assassins, and the like, especially persons hired for such a purpose and using violent, thuggish methods.

goop /ɡuːp/ goops n
babranina paćka

goosander goosanders n
nurogęś
A merganser, Mergus merganser, of the northern hemisphere. They eat fish and are common on lakes and rivers.

goose /ˈɡuːs/ geese n
gęś
Any of various grazing waterfowl of the family Anatidae, which have feathers and webbed feet and are capable of flying, swimming, and walking on land, and which are bigger than ducks.

goose bump goose bumps n
gęsia skórka
(chiefly, in plural) Raised skin, usually caused by the involuntary erection of hairs on the neck or arms caused by cold, excitement, or fear.

goose is cooked phraseologicalUnit
nie ma nadziei
(idiomatic) All hope is gone; there is no possibility of success; the period of good fortune is over.

gooseberry /ˈɡusˌbɛɹi/ /ˈɡuːsb(ə)ɹi/ /ˈɡʊzb(ə)ɹi/ gooseberries n
agrest
A fruit of species Ribes uva-crispa, related to the currant.

goosefoot /ˈɡuːsfʊt/ goosefoots n
komosa
Any of many flowering plants, of the subfamily Chenopodioideae, having small greenish flowers.

gooseherd gooseherds n
gęsiareczka gęsiarek gęsiarka gęsiarz
A person who tends to geese.

gopher /ˈɡoʊfɚ/ /ˈɡəʊfə/ gophers n
suseł
A small burrowing rodent native to North and Central America, especially in the family Geomyidae (true gophers).

gore /ɡo(ː)ɹ/ /ɡoə/ /ɡɔɹ/ /ɡɔː/ n
(zakrzepła) krew
Blood, especially that from a wound when thickened due to exposure to the air.

gore /ɡo(ː)ɹ/ /ɡoə/ /ɡɔɹ/ /ɡɔː/ v
bodnąć bóść
(transitive, of an animal) To pierce with the horn.
(transitive, obsolete) To pierce with anything pointed, such as a spear.

gorge /ɡɔɹd͡ʒ/ /ɡɔːdʒ/ gorges n
gardło
(archaic) The front aspect of the neck; the outside of the throat.
(archaic, literary) The inside of the throat; the esophagus, the gullet; (falconry, specifically) the crop or gizzard of a hawk.
wąwóz jar
(geography) A deep, narrow passage with steep, rocky sides, particularly one with a stream running through it; a ravine.

gorge /ɡɔɹd͡ʒ/ /ɡɔːdʒ/ v
żreć
(intransitive, reflexive) To stuff the gorge or gullet with food; to eat greedily and in large quantities. [+ on (object)]

gorgeous /ˈɡɔɹd͡ʒəs/ /ˈɡɔːdʒəs/ more gorgeous most gorgeous adj
arcypiękny przepiękny
(of a person or place) Very beautiful.

gorgeously more gorgeously most gorgeously adv
arcypięknie przepięknie

gorget /ˈɡoɹ.d͡ʒət/ /ˈɡoɹ.d͡ʒɛt/ /ˈɡoɹ.d͡ʒɪt/ /ˈɡɔːdʒɪt/ /ˌɡoɹˈʒeɪ/ gorgets n
ryngraf
(historical) A piece of armour protecting the throat and/or the upper part of the chest.

gorgon /ˈɡɔːrɡən/ gorgons n
gorgona
(Greek mythology) A vicious female monster from Greek mythology with sharp fangs and hair of living, venomous snakes. One of the three sisters: Medusa, Stheno and Euryale

gorgonzola gorgonzolas n
gorgonzola
A blue-veined Italian cheese, made from cow's milk.

gorilla /ɡɒˈɹɪl.ə/ /ɡəˈɹɪl.ə/ gorillas n
goryl
The largest of the apes, belonging to the genus Gorilla, native to the forests of central Africa and known for their trait of knuckle-walking.

gorodki n
gorodki miasteczka
An ancient Russian folk sport of trying to knock arrangements of skittles out of a square by throwing a bat at them.

gory /ˈɡɔɹ.i/ /ˈɡɔː.ɹi/ gorier goriest adj
krwawy
Covered with blood; very bloody.

gosh /ɡɑːʃ/ /ɡɒʃ/ interjection
a to ci dopiero jej jejku jeju kurczę o ja cię
(minced oath) A mild expression of surprise or enthusiasm.

goshawk /ˈɡɑshɑk/ /ˈɡɒshɔːk/ goshawks n
jastrząb jastrząb gołębiarz
Any of several birds of prey, principally in the genus Accipiter.

gosling /ɡɑzlɪŋ/ /ɡɒzlɪŋ/ goslings n
gąsię gęsię
A young goose.

gospel /ˈɡɑspəl/ /ˈɡɒspəl/ gospels n
ewangelia
The first section of the Christian New Testament scripture, comprising the books of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, concerned with the birth, ministry, passion, and resurrection of Jesus.

gospel music gospel musics n
gospel
(music genre) A type of Christian music genre that is a cornerstone of the Christian media that originated amongst African-Americans based on the folk music melodies with the addition of elements of spirituals and jazz.

gossamer /ˈɡɑ.sə.mɚ/ /ˈɡɒ.sə.mə/ gossamers n
babie lato
A fine film or strand as of cobwebs, floating in the air or caught on bushes, etc.

gossip /ˈɡɑs.ɪp/ /ˈɡɒs.ɪp/ gossips n
plotka plotkarka plotkarz
(uncountable) Idle talk about someone’s private or personal matters, especially someone not present.

gossip /ˈɡɑs.ɪp/ /ˈɡɒs.ɪp/ v
plotkować poplotkować
(intransitive) To talk about someone else's private or personal business, especially in a manner that spreads the information.
(intransitive) To talk idly.

gossiper gossipers n
bajczarka bajczarz plotkarka plotkarz
A person who gossips.

gossipy gossipier gossipiest adj
bajczarski plotkarski
Prone to gossip.

got it v
jasne
I understand

gotcha /ˈɡɑt͡ʃə/ /ˈɡɒt͡ʃə/ interjection
mam cię
I got you covered, I got your back (said by a speaker who has an advantage or responsibility over someone).

goth /ɡɑθ/ /ɡɒθ/ goths n
got gotka
(countable) A person who is part of the goth subculture.

gothification n
czynienie gotyckim

gothify v
czynić gotyckim

gouache /ɡuˈɑːʃ/ /ɡwɑːʃ/ gouaches n
gwasz
(painting, countable) A painting made with this paint.

gouge /ɡaʊdʒ/ /ɡaʊd͡ʒ/ v
żłobić
(transitive) To make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping with or as if with a gouge.

goulash /ˈɡuː.læʃ/ /ˈɡuː.lɑːʃ/ goulashes n
gulasz
A stew of beef or veal and vegetables, flavoured with paprika.

gourd /ɡɔɹd/ /ɡɔːd/ /ɡʊəd/ /ɡʊɚd/ gourds n
tykwa
A hard-shelled fruit from a plant in Lagenaria or Cucurbita.

gourmand /ɡɔɹˈmɑnd/ /ˈɡʊə.mənd/ /ˈɡʊɹ.mɑnd/ /ˈɡʊʁmɑ̃/ gourmands n
łakomczuch
A person given to excess in the consumption of food and drink; a greedy or ravenous eater.
smakosz
A person who appreciates good food.

gourmet /ɡʊɹˈmeɪ/ /ˈɡɔːmeɪ/ /ˈɡʊəmeɪ/ /ˈɡʊɹmeɪ/ gourmets n
smakosz smakoszka
A connoisseur in eating and drinking; someone who takes their food seriously.

gout /ɡaʊt/ [ɡʌut] gouts n
dna
(rare) A disease of wheat and cornstalks, caused by insect larvae.

govern /ˈɡʌvən/ /ˈɡʌvɚn/ v
rządzić władać
(transitive) To make and administer the public policy and affairs of; to exercise sovereign authority in.
(intransitive) To exercise political authority; to run a government.
rządzić zarządzać
(transitive) To control the actions or behavior of; to keep under control; to restrain.

governess /ˈɡʌvnəs/ /ˈɡʌvənəs/ /ˈɡʌvɚnəs/ governesses governor n
guwernantka
A woman paid to educate children in their own home.

government /ˈɡɐvmɘnt/ /ˈɡɐvɘ(n)mɘnt/ /ˈɡəv(ə)mɛnt/ /ˈɡʌvə(n)mənt/ /ˈɡʌvɚ(n)mənt/ governments n
rząd władza
The body with the power to make and/or enforce laws to control a country, land area, people or organization.
rekcja związek rządu
(grammar, linguistics) The relationship between a word and its dependents.

governmental /ˌɡʌv(ə)nˈmɛnt(ə)l/ more governmental most governmental adj
rządowy
Relating to a government

governmentlessness n
bezrząd

governor /ˈɡʌv(ə)nə(ɹ)/ /ˈɡʌvənə(ɹ)/ /ˈɡʌvənɚ/ /ˈɡʌvɚnɚ/ governess governors n
gubernator guwerner
(politics) The chief executive officer of a first-level division of a country.

governor-general governors-general n
generalny gubernator gubernator generalny
(UK) An official appointed by the reigning British monarch to govern a Commonwealth realm as the monarch's representative.

gowpen /ˈɡaʊpən/ gowpens n
garstka

goy /ɡɔɪ/ goyem goyim goys n
Goj
(sometimes offensive) A non-Jew, a gentile.

grab /ɡɹæb/ grabs n
chwytak
(countable) A mechanical device that grabs or clutches.

grab /ɡɹæb/ v
chwytać porywać wyrywać złapać
(intransitive) To make a sudden grasping or clutching motion (at something).
powstrzymać
To restrain someone; to arrest.

graben graben grabens n
rów tektoniczny
(geology) An elongated block of the Earth's crust, bounded by faults, that has dropped relative to the surrounding area.

grace /ɡɹeɪs/ graces n
dziękczynienie
(countable) A short prayer of thanks before or after a meal.
gracja wdzięk
(uncountable) Elegant movement; balance or poise.
łaska
(uncountable, theology) Free and undeserved favour, especially of God; unmerited divine assistance given to humans for their regeneration or sanctification, or for resisting sin.

grace note /ˈɡɹeɪs nəʊt/ /ˈɡɹeɪs ˌnoʊt/ grace notes n
przednutka
(music) A musical note, indicated on a score in smaller type with or without a slash through it, played to ornament the melody rather than as part of it. Its note value does not count as part of the total time value of the measure it appears in.

grace period grace periods n
karencja
A length of time during which rules or penalties are waived or deferred.

graceful /ˈɡɹeɪsfʊl/ more graceful most graceful adj
pełen wdzięku powabny
Having or showing grace in movement, shape, or proportion.

gracefully /ˈɡɹeɪsfəli/ more gracefully most gracefully adv
wdzięcznie
In a graceful manner.

gracefulness gracefulnesses n
wdzięk
The state of being graceful.

gracilis /ˈɡras.ɪ.lɪs/ /ˈɡræs.ə.lɪs/ graciles n
mięsień smukły
(anatomy, muscle) A slender superficial muscle of the inner thigh.

gracious /ˈɡɹeɪʃəs/ more gracious most gracious adj
dobrotliwy miłościwy łaskawy
kind and warmly courteous

gradable /ˈɡɹeɪdəbəl/ adj
stopniowalny
(linguistics, of a word or phrase) Able to occur in varying degrees; able to be inflected or modified to express degrees of meaning.

gradation /ɡɹəˈdeɪʃən/ /ˌɡɹeɪˈdeɪʃən/ gradations n
gradacja
A passing by small degrees from one tone or shade, as of color, to another.
The act of gradating or arranging in grades.

gradational adj
gradacyjny klimaksowy
Of or pertaining to gradation.

grade /ɡɹeɪd/ grades n
ocena stopień
(chiefly, North America) Performance on a test or other evaluation(s), expressed by a number, letter, or other symbol; a score.
A harsh scraping or cutting; a grating.
klasa
A degree or level of something; a position within a scale; a degree of quality.
(North America, education) A level of primary and secondary education.
nachylenie
A slope (up or down) of a roadway or other passage

grader /ˈɡɹeɪdə/ /ˈɡɹeɪdɚ/ graders n
równiarka
A machine used to sort food by size or quality.

gradian gradians n
gon grad gradus
(geometry, trigonometry) A unit of angle equal to 0.9 degrees, so that there are 100 gradians in a right angle.

gradient /ˈɡɹeɪdiənt/ gradients n
zbocze
A slope or incline.
gradient
(, calculus) A differential operator that maps each point of a scalar field to a vector pointed in the direction of the greatest rate of change of the scalar. Notation for a scalar field φ: ∇φ
A gradual change in color; a color gradient; gradation.

gradin gradins n
stopień
(architecture) Any of a series of terraced steps or seats, as in an arena or an altar.

gradual /ˈɡɹadjuəl/ /ˈɡɹadʒuəl/ /ˈɡɹadʒəl/ /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuəl/ /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒəl/ /ˈɡɹɛdʒɘl/ /ˈɡɹɛdʒʉɘl/ more gradual most gradual adj
stopniowy
Proceeding or advancing by small, slow, regular steps or degrees

gradual /ˈɡɹadjuəl/ /ˈɡɹadʒuəl/ /ˈɡɹadʒəl/ /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuəl/ /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒəl/ /ˈɡɹɛdʒɘl/ /ˈɡɹɛdʒʉɘl/ graduals n
graduał
(Christianity) An antiphon or responsory after the epistle, in the Mass, which was sung on the steps, or while the deacon ascended the steps.
(Christianity) A service book containing the musical portions of the Mass.

gradually /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuəli/ more gradually most gradually adv
stopniowo krok po kroku
In a gradual manner; making slow progress; slowly.

graduate /ˈɡɹædjueɪt/ /ˈɡɹædjuət/ /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒueɪt/ /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuɪt/ graduates n
absolwent absolwentka
A person who is recognized by a university as having completed the requirements of a degree studied at the institution.

graduated cylinder graduated cylinders n
cylinder miarowy menzurka
(chemistry) An item of glass laboratory equipment consisting of a tall, narrow cylinder with a scale, or graduations marked up its length, which is used to measure liquids and solutions fairly accurately, but not precisely.

graduation /ˌɡɹædjuˈeɪʃən/ /ˌɡɹæd͡ʒuˈeɪʃən/ graduations n
wskaz
(sciences) A marking (e.g., on a container) indicating a measurement on a scale, usually one of many such markings.

graffiti /ɡɹəˈfiti/ /ɡɹəˈfiːti/ graffiti n
graffiti
(chiefly, uncountable) Drawings or words drawn on a surface in a public place, usually made without authorization.

graffiti artist graffiti artists n
grafficiarz
A person who paints graffiti in public places, especially one who specializes in high-quality work rather than vandalism.

graft /ɡɹæft/ /ɡɹɑːft/ v
szczepić zaszczepiać
(transitive) To insert (a graft) in a branch or stem of another tree; to propagate by insertion in another stock; also, to insert a graft upon.

grafting graftings n
szczepienie
(horticulture) The act, art, or process of inserting grafts.

grain /ɡɹeɪn/ grains n
ziarno zboże
(uncountable) The harvested seeds of various grass food crops eg: wheat, corn, barley.
ziarno ziarenko
(countable) A single seed of grass food crops.
mazerunek
(uncountable) A linear texture of a material or surface.
ziarenko ziarnko
(countable) A single particle of a substance.
gran
(countable) Any of various small units of mass originally notionally based on grain's weight, variously standardized at different places and times, including

graining grainings n
słojowanie
The practice of imitating woodgrain on a surface.

grains of paradise n
aframon madagaskarski amomum
The seeds or seed capsules of Aframomum melegueta, used as a medicine and spice, especially as a substitute for black pepper and in flavoring alcoholic beverages.

gram /ɡɹæm/ grams n
gram
A unit of mass equal to one-thousandth of a kilogram. Symbol: g.

graminivore graminivores n
trawojad
An herbivorous animal, a grazer, that feeds primarily on grasses.

graminivorous /ɡɹæmɪˈnɪvəɹəs/ more graminivorous most graminivorous adj
trawożerny
(entomology) That eats grasses and seeds.

grammar /ˈɡɹæ.mə(ɹ)/ /ˈɡɹæ.mɚ/ grammars n
gramatyka
A system of rules and principles for speaking and writing a language.
(uncountable, linguistics) The study of the internal structure of words (morphology) and the use of words in the construction of phrases and sentences (syntax).
A book describing the rules of grammar of a language.
(computing theory) A formal system specifying the syntax of a language.

grammar Nazi /ˈɡɹæmə(ɹ) ˈnɑːtsi/ /ˈɡɹæmɚ ˈnætsi/ /ˈɡɹæmɚ ˈnɑːtsi/ grammar Nazis n
gramatyczny nazista
(slang, idiomatic, potentially, _, offensive, humorous, see usage note at Nazi) A person who habitually corrects or criticizes the incorrect language usage of others.

grammarian /ɡɹəˈmɛəɹɪən/ grammarians n
gramatyk
A person who studies grammar.

grammatical /ɡɹəˈmætɪkəl/ more grammatical most grammatical adj
gramatyczny
Not breaching any constraints of the grammar, or morpho-syntax, of the relevant language.
Of or pertaining to grammar.

grammatical case grammatical cases n
przypadek
(grammar) A mode of inflection of a word dependent on its use, especially the syntactic function in a phrase.

grammatical mood grammatical moods n
tryb
(grammar) A type of the relationship of a verb with reality and intent.

granary /ˈɡɹan(ə)ɹi/ /ˈɡɹeɪnəɹi/ /ˈɡɹænəɹi/ granaries granarys n
spichlerz spichrz śpichlerz
(agriculture) A storage facility for grain or sometimes animal feed.
(figuratively) A fertile, grain-growing region.

grand /ɡɹænd/ grander grandest more grand most grand adj
wielki
Great in size, and fine or imposing in appearance or impression; illustrious, dignified, magnificent.
pra-
(usually in compound forms) Standing in the second or some more remote degree of parentage or descent (see grand-).

grand /ɡɹænd/ grand grands n
kafel koła
(plural "grand") A thousand of some unit of currency, such as dollars or pounds. (Compare G.)

grand duchy grand duchies n
wielkie księstwo
The territory owned, ruled, or reigned over by a grand duke or grand duchess; contrast grand dukedom.

grand duke grand dukes n
wielki książę
Ruler or monarch of a grand duchy.
Son or grandson of a czar (emperor) of the Russian Empire. (A more literal translation of the Russian would be grand prince.)

grand piano grand pianos n
fortepian
(musical instruments) A large piano in which the strings are strung horizontally in a heavy frame shaped like a harp

grand prince grand princes n
wielki książę
An unusual ruler's title, sometimes incorrectly rendered as grand duke, mainly used in Lithuania and some parts of Russia (Muscovy would ultimately unite most Russian principalities and rise to imperial rank) and the Holy Roman Empire.

grand theft auto n
kradzież auta kradzież samochodu
(US) The criminal act of stealing or attempting to steal a motor vehicle.

grand unification theory grand unification theories n
teorie wielkiej unifikacji
(physics) A theory that unifies the electromagnetic interaction, the weak interaction, and the strong interaction.

grandchild grandchildren n
wnuczę wnuk
A child of someone's child.

granddaughter granddaughters n
wnuczka
The daughter of someone's child.

grandee /ɡɹænˈdiː/ grandees n
grand
A high-ranking nobleman in Spain or Portugal. [from 1590s]

grandfather /ˈɡɹæn(d)ˌfɑðɚ/ /ˈɡɹæn(d)ˌfɑːðə(r)/ /ˈɡɹændˌfɑːðə/ [ˈɡɹ̠(ʷ)ẽˑə̯̃n(d)ˌfɑˑðɚ] grandfathers n
dziadek
A father of someone's parent. [from 15th c.]
(by extension) A male forefather.
(computing) The archived older version of a file that immediately preceded the father file.

grandfather clock grandfather clocks n
zegar (wahadłowy) stojący
A longcase clock.

grandiloquence grandiloquences n
grandilokwencja
Lofty, pompous or bombastic speech or writing.

grandiloquent /ɡɹænˈdɪl.ə.kwənt/ more grandiloquent most grandiloquent adj
grandilokwentny górnolotny
(of a person, their language or writing) Given to using language in a showy way by using an excessive number of difficult words to impress others; bombastic; turgid.

grandiosity grandiosities n
majestatyczność wspaniałość
The state of being grandiose (pompous or pretentious).

grandma /ˈɡɹænmɑː/ /ˈɡɹænmə/ grandmas n
babcia
(informal) Grandmother.

grandmalike more grandmalike most grandmalike adj
babkowaty

grandmother /ˈɡɹæn(d)ˌmʌðə(r)/ /ˈɡɹæn(d)ˌmʌðɚ/ /ˈɡɹænˌmʌðə/ grandmothers n
babka babcia babunia baba
A mother of someone's parent.

grandmotherly more grandmotherly most grandmotherly adj
babciny babciowy
In the manner of a grandmother.
Having the characteristics of a grandmother.

grandpa /ˈɡɹæm.pɑː/ /ˈɡɹæm.pə/ grandpas n
dziadziuś
(informal) grandfather

grandparent /ˈɡɹæn(d)pæɹənt/ /ˈɡɹæn(d)pɛəɹənt/ grandparents n
dziadkowie
the parent of someone's parent

grandson /ˈɡɹæn(d)sʌn/ grandsons n
wnuk wnuczek
A son of one's child.

grandstand /ɡɹændˌstænd/ grandstands n
trybuna
The seating area at a stadium or arena; the bleachers.

grandstand /ɡɹændˌstænd/ v
pod publiczkę
(intransitive) To behave dramatically or showily to impress an audience or observers; to pander to a crowd.

granite /ˈɡɹæ.naɪt/ /ˈɡɹæ.nɪt/ granites n
granit
(rock) A group of igneous and plutonic rocks composed primarily of feldspar and quartz. Usually contains one or more dark minerals, which may be mica, pyroxene, or amphibole. Granite is quarried for building stone, road gravel, decorative stone, and tombstones. Common colors are gray, white, pink, and yellow-brown.

granitic more granitic most granitic adj
granitowy
Of, pertaining to, or containing granite.

granivore granivores n
zwierzę ziarnożerne
Any animal that eats seeds as the main part of its diet

granivorous adj
ziarnożerny

granny /ˈɡɹæni/ grannies n
babunia babusia
(colloquial) A grandmother.
baba babka staruszka
(colloquial, derogatory) An elderly woman.

granodiorite granodiorites n
granodioryt
(rock) An intrusive igneous rock similar to granite, but containing more plagioclase than potassium feldspar.

granola /ɡɹəˈnoʊlə/ granolas n
granola
A breakfast and snack food consisting of loose, crispy pellets made of nuts, rolled oats, honey and other natural ingredients.

grant /ɡɹænt/ /ɡɹɑːnt/ /ɡɹɒnt/ grants n
darowizna grant
The thing or property granted; a gift; a boon.

grant-in-aid grants-in-aid n
dotacja
The giving of national funds to subsidize a local or regional project.

granularity /ˌɡɹæn.jəˈlæɹ.ə.ti/ /ˌɡɹæn.jəˈlɝ.ə.ti/ granularities n
ziarnistość
(uncountable) The condition of being granular

granulation tissue granulation tissues n
ziarnina
New connective tissue and tiny blood vessels that form on the surfaces of a wound during the healing process.

granulocyte /ˈɡɹænjəloʊˌsaɪt/ granulocytes n
granulocyt
(cytology, immunology) Any of various white blood cells that have granules in their cytoplasm.

granuloma granulomas granulomata n
ziarniniak
(pathology) an inflammatory nodule consisting of histiocytes (macrophages) attempting to wall off substances they perceive as foreign but are unable to eliminate, such as certain infectious organisms as well as other materials such as foreign objects, keratin and suture fragments.
(medicine, less specific) any small nodule

grape /ɡɹeɪp/ more grape most grape adj
winogronowy
Containing grapes or having a grape flavor.

grape /ɡɹeɪp/ grapes n
winogrono winorośl
(countable) A small, round, smooth-skinned edible fruit, usually purple, red, or green, that grows in bunches on vines of genus Vitis.
(countable) Any of various fruits or plants with varying resemblances to those of genus Vitis but belonging to other genera; their edibility varies.

grapefruit /ˈɡɹeɪpfɹut/ /ˈɡɹeɪpfɹuːt/ grapefruit grapefruits n
grejpfrut grapefruit
The tree of the species Citrus paradisi, a hybrid of Citrus maxima and sweet orange.
The large spherical tart fruit produced by this tree.

grapeshot grapeshot grapeshots n
kartacz
(historical) A cluster of small iron balls, put together in a canvas bag in order to be used as a charge for a cannon.

grapevine grapevine grapevines n
winorośl
The plant, a vine of genus Vitis, on which grapes grow.
poczta pantoflowa
An informal person-to-person means of circulating information or gossip.

graph /ɡɹæf/ /ɡɹɑːf/ graphs n
wykres
(mathematics) A set of points constituting a graphical representation of a real function; (formally) a set of tuples (x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_m, y)\in\R^{m+1}, where y=f(x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_m) for a given function f: \R^m\rightarrow\R. See also w:Graph of a function on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
graf
(graph theory) A set of vertices (or nodes) connected together by edges; (formally) an ordered pair of sets (V,E), where the elements of V are called vertices or nodes and E is a set of pairs (called edges) of elements of V. See also w:Graph (discrete mathematics) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

graph-theoretical adj
dotyczący teorii grafów

graph-theoretically adv
teorią grafów używając teorii grafów
(mathematics) In a manner which uses graph theory

grapheme /ˈɡɹæf.iːm/ graphemes n
grafem
(Unicode) A sequence of one or more code points that are processed and displayed as a single graphical unit of a writing system.

graphene /ˈɡɹæf.iːn/ graphenes n
grafen
(inorganic chemistry) An arbitrarily large-scale, one-atom-thick layer of graphite, an allotrope of carbon, that has remarkable electric characteristics.

graphic /ˈɡɹæfɪk/ more graphic most graphic adj
graficzny
Drawn, pictorial.
obrazowy
Vivid, descriptive, often in relation to depictions of sex or violence.

graphic /ˈɡɹæfɪk/ graphics n
grafika
(mostly in plural) A computer-generated image as viewed on a screen forming part of a game or a film etc.

graphic novel graphic novels n
powieść graficzna
(comics) A comic book containing a single full non-episodic story.

graphical user interface graphical user interfaces n
interfejs graficzny
(computing) A type of user interface which allows people to interact with a computer through a metaphor of direct manipulation of graphical images and widgets in addition to text.

graphics card graphics cards n
karta graficzna
(computing) A circuit board that generates and controls the visual display on a computer screen.

graphics processing unit graphics processing units n
procesor graficzny
(computer hardware) A specialized electronic circuit designed to accelerate the creation of images in a frame buffer intended for output to a display device.

graphics tablet graphics tablets n
tablet
(computing) An input device that enables a user to draw images by hand, as if with a pencil, and import them into a computer system.

graphite /ˈɡɹæfaɪt/ graphites n
grafit
An allotrope of carbon, consisting of planes of carbon atoms arranged in hexagonal arrays with the planes stacked loosely, that is used as a dry lubricant, in "lead" pencils, and as a moderator in some nuclear reactors.

grapho- prefix
grafo-

grapholect grapholects n
grafolekt
(linguistics) A written variant of a language, analogous to a spoken dialect of a language.

graphology /ɡɹæˈfɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ɡɹæˈfɒ.lə.d͡ʒi/ graphologies n
grafologia
(uncountable) The study of handwriting, especially as a means of analyzing a person's character.

grapnel /ˈɡɹæpnəl/ grapnels n
bosak hak
(nautical) A small anchor, having more than two flukes, used for anchoring a small vessel.

grappa /ˈɡɹæpə/ /ˈɡɹɑpə/ grappas n
grappa
(uncountable) An Italian grape-based spirit of between 80 and 100 proof, made from the distillation of pomace.

grasp /ɡɹæps/ /ɡɹæsp/ /ɡɹɑːsp/ grasps n
uchwyt
(sometimes, figurative) Grip.
pojęcie rozumienie zrozumienie
Understanding.

grasp /ɡɹæps/ /ɡɹæsp/ /ɡɹɑːsp/ v
chwytać trzymać
To grip; to take hold, particularly with the hand.
rozumieć pojmować
To understand.
To take advantage of something, to seize, to jump at a chance.

grass /ɡɹæs/ /ɡɹɑːs/ [ɡɹ̠as] [ɡɹ̠eəs] [ɡɹ̠äːs] [ɡɹ̠æs] [ɡɹ̠ɐːs] [ɡɹ̠ɑːs] [ɡɹ̠ɛəs] grasses n
trawa
(countable, uncountable) Any plant of the family Poaceae, characterized by leaves that arise from nodes in the stem and leaf bases that wrap around the stem, especially those grown as ground cover rather than for grain.
trawnik trawa
(uncountable) A lawn.
trawka trawa
(uncountable, slang) Marijuana.
kapuś
(countable, Britain, slang) An informer, police informer; one who betrays a group (of criminals, etc) to the authorities.

grass mud horse grass mud horses n
koń trawiasto-błotny
One of the ten "mythical Baidu deities" invented by Chinese internet users for the purpose of circumventing censorship. Usually depicted as resembling an alpaca, and is supposedly living in the Mahler Gobi desert.

grass of Parnassus n
dziewięciornik
Bog star, any of the genus Parnassia of plants.

grass snake grass snakes n
zaskroniec
A nonvenomous snake of species Natrix natrix, native to Europe, with a yellow collar.

grass widow /ˈɡɹɑːs ˌwɪdəʊ/ grass widows n
słomiana wdowa
A married woman whose spouse is away. [from 19th c.]

grass widower grass widowers n
słomiany wdowiec
A married man whose spouse is away. [from 19th c.]

grasshopper /ɡɹæsˌhɒpə(ɹ)/ /ˈɡɹæsˌhɑpəɹ/ /ˈɡɹɑːsˌhɒpə(ɹ)/ grasshoppers n
konik polny pasikonik
A mostly herbivorous insect of the order Orthoptera, noted for its ability to jump long distances and for the habit of some species communicating by stridulation; they are related to but distinct from crickets.

grasshopper warbler grasshopper warblers n
świerszczak
Any of a number of species of small songbirds in the genera Locustella and Helopsaltes, especially Locustella naevia.

grassland grasslands n
łąka
An area dominated by grass or grasslike vegetation.

grate /ɡɹeɪt/ grates n
krata
A horizontal metal grill through which liquid, ash, or small objects can fall, while larger objects cannot.

grateful /ˈɡɹeɪtfəl/ gratefuller gratefullest more grateful most grateful adj
wdzięczny
Appreciative; thankful.
(obsolete, or, archaic) Pleasing, welcome.

grater /ˈɡɹeɪtə/ /ˈɡɹeɪtɚ/ graters n
tarka
a tool with which one grates, especially foods such as cheese, to facilitate getting small particles or shreds off a solid lump

gratification /ˌɡɹætɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ gratifications n
gratyfikacja
A gratuity; a reward.
(uncountable) A feeling of pleasure; satisfaction.

grating /ˈɡɹeɪtɪŋ/ [ˈɡɹeɪ̯ɾɪŋ] gratings n
krata
A barrier that has parallel or crossed bars blocking a passage but admitting air.

gratitude /ˈɡɹætɪt(j)ud/ gratitudes n
wdzięczność
The state of being grateful.

gratuity /ɡɹəˈtjuːətɪ/ /ɡɹəˈtuːətɪ/ gratuities n
napiwek
An additional payment given freely as thanks for service.

graupel /ˈɡɹaʊpəl/ graupels n
krupa
(meteorology, uncountable) A precipitation that forms when supercooled droplets of water condense on a snowflake.

grave /ɡrɑːv/ /ɡɹeɪv/ graver gravest adj
poważny
Characterised by a dignified sense of seriousness; not cheerful. [from 16th c.]
Serious, in a negative sense; important, formidable. [from 19th c.]

grave /ɡrɑːv/ /ɡɹeɪv/ graves n
grób mogiła
An excavation in the earth as a place of burial.

grave accent grave accents n
gravis
(countable) A diacritic mark ( ` ) used in many languages to distinguish the pronunciations of vowels.

gravedigger /ˈɡɹeɪv.ˌdɪɡ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈɡɹeɪv.ˌdɪɡ.əɹ/ gravediggers n
grabarz grobownik kopidół
A person employed to dig graves.

gravel /ˈɡɹævəl/ gravels n
żwir
(uncountable) Small fragments of rock, used for laying on the beds of roads and railways, and as ballast.

gravel pit gravel pits n
żwirownia
A quarry from which gravel for construction purposes is obtained.

graven image graven images n
bałwan
A carved idol or representation of a god used as an object of worship.

graveness n
powaga
The state of being grave; gravity

graverobber /ˈɡɹeɪvˌɹɑbɚ/ /ˈɡɹeɪvˌɹɒbə/ graverobbers n
hiena cmentarna
One who robs graves or tombs in order to sell the contents for profit.

graveyard /ˈɡɹeɪvˌjɑɹd/ graveyards n
cmentarz cmentarny
A tract of land in which the dead are buried.

gravi- prefix
grawi-

gravitas /ˈɡɹæv.ɪ.tæs/ /ˈɡɹæv.ɪ.tɑːs/ /ˈɡɹævɪtɑs/ n
powaga
Seriousness in bearing or manner; dignity.

gravitation /ˌɡɹævɪˈteɪʃən/ gravitations n
grawitacja ciążenie siła ciążenia
(physics) The fundamental force of attraction that exists between all matter in the universe, caused by the curvature of spacetime caused by matter. It is the weakest of the four fundamental interaction, and possesses a gauge boson known as the graviton.

gravitational /ˌɡɹævɪˈteɪʃənəl/ adj
grawitacyjny
Pertaining to, or caused by, gravity or gravitation.

gravitational collapse gravitational collapses n
zapadanie grawitacyjne
The stage in the evolution of a star in which the pressure of the star is insufficient to maintain it at a stable size, and its material falls inward under its own gravity, eventually forming a black hole or a neutron star, and sometimes accompanied by a supernova explosion.

gravitational field gravitational fields n
pole grawitacyjne
(physics) the field produced by the gravitational force of mass

gravitational interaction n
oddziaływanie grawitacyjne
(physics) The fundamental interaction responsible for the gravitational force.

gravitational lensing n
soczewkowanie grawitacyjne
(astronomy) The action of a highly-massive object (such as a star, galaxy, or black hole) that acts as a gravitational lens and focuses light from a light source (such as another star or galaxy) that passes behind it as observed from the Earth.

gravitational wave /ˌɡɹæ.vəˈteɪ.ʃə.nəl weɪv/ gravitational waves n
fale grawitacyjne
(relativity) A fluctuation in spacetime caused by accelerating mass, which propagates as a wave at the speed of light.

graviton /ˈɡɹavɪtɒn/ gravitons n
grawiton
(particle) A hypothetical gauge boson that regulates the gravitational force. It would have a spin of 2 and zero rest mass.

gravity /ˈɡɹævɪti/ gravities n
grawitacja ciążenie ciążenie powszechne przyciąganie powaga
(physics) The force at the Earth's surface, of the attraction by the Earth's masses, and the centrifugal pseudo-force caused by the Earth's rotation, resulting from gravitation.
grawitacja ciążenie powszechne
(loosely, see usage notes) Gravitation, the universal force exercised by two bodies onto each other.

gravy /ˈɡɹeɪvi/ gravies n
jus sos (mięsny) sos pieczeniowy sos z pieczeni
(Southern US) A pale sauce prepared from a roux with meat fat; a type of béchamel sauce.

gravy boat gravy boats n
sosjerka
A dish with a handle and spout, used to serve gravy or other sauces.

gravy train gravy trains n
ciepła posadka
(idiomatic) An occupation or situation that generates considerable income or benefits while requiring little effort and carrying little risk.

gray /ɡɹeɪ/ grayer grayest more gray most gray adj
szary siwy
Of a gray hue.
Of an indistinct, disputed or uncertain quality.

gray /ɡɹeɪ/ grays n
szary szarość
An achromatic colour between black and white.
grej
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of absorbed dose of radiation (radiation absorbed by a patient); one joule of energy absorbed per kilogram of the patient's mass. Symbol: Gy
Szarak
(chiefly, US, ufology) an extraterrestrial humanoid with grayish skin, bulbous black eyes, and an enlarged head.

gray /ɡɹeɪ/ v
siwieć
To cause to become gray.

gray jay gray jays n
sójka kanadyjska
A mostly gray bird, Perisoreus canadensis, that inhabits coniferous forests of North America.
sójka
Any bird of the genus Perisoreus.

gray water gray waters n
woda szara
Water that is not clean enough to be potable, such as having been used for washing, but not contaminated with fecal matter or other source of dangerous bacteria or dangerous or noxious materials.

grayish /ˈɡɹeɪ.ɪʃ/ more grayish most grayish adj
szarawy
Somewhat gray.

grayling grayling graylings n
lipień
Any freshwater fish of the genus Thymallus or specifically Thymallus thymallus, of the salmon family, having a large dorsal fin.

graze /ɡɹeɪz/ v
paść
(transitive) To feed or supply (cattle, sheep, etc.) with grass; to furnish pasture for.

grease /ɡɹis/ /ɡɹiz/ /ɡɹiːs/ greases n
tłuszcz
Animal fat in a melted or soft state.
smar
(by extension) Any oily or fatty matter.

greased lightning n
błyskawiczny
Something incredibly fast (now mainly used in comparison: like or faster than greased lightning).

greaseless more greaseless most greaseless adj
bezsmarowy
Not requiring separate lubricant.

greasy /ˈɡɹi.si/ /ˈɡɹi.zi/ /ˈɡɹiː.si/ greasier greasiest adj
tłusty ociekający tłuszczem
Containing a lot of grease or fat.

great /ɡɹet/ /ɡɹiːt/ /ɡɹɛːt/ /ˈɡɹeɪt/ /ˈɡɹæɪt/ [ˈɡɹeːt] [ˈɡɹɛːt] greater greatest adj
świetny wspaniały
(informal) Very good; excellent; wonderful; fantastic. [from 1848]
wielki
Important, consequential.
Doing or exemplifying (a characteristic or pursuit) on a large scale; active or enthusiastic.

great /ɡɹet/ /ɡɹiːt/ /ɡɹɛːt/ /ˈɡɹeɪt/ /ˈɡɹæɪt/ [ˈɡɹeːt] [ˈɡɹɛːt] adv
fajnie fajno świetnie
(informal) Very well (in a very satisfactory manner).

great /ɡɹet/ /ɡɹiːt/ /ɡɹɛːt/ /ˈɡɹeɪt/ /ˈɡɹæɪt/ [ˈɡɹeːt] [ˈɡɹɛːt] interjection
super świetnie
Expression of gladness and content about something.
sarcastic inversion thereof.

great antshrike great antshrikes n
taraba
A passerine bird of the antbird family (Taraba major, syn. Thamnophilus major).

great cormorant great cormorants n
kormoran czarny
A seabird of the species Phalacrocorax carbo.

great grey shrike great grey shrikes n
srokosz
Lanius excubitor, a species of shrike.

great knot great knots n
biegus wielki
Calidris tenuirostris, a species of wading bird.

great minds think alike proverb
wielkie umysły myślą tak samo
Used to emphasize a coincidence, or two people reaching the same conclusion in any manner at the same time.

great northern diver great northern divers n
nur lodowiec
(UK, Ireland) A large member of the diver family, Gavia immer, commonly breeding in North America, where it is known as the as common loon.

great power great powers n
wielkie mocarstwo
(international relations) A state that has the ability to exert its influence on a global scale.

great reed warbler great reed warblers n
trzciniak zwyczajny
Acrocephalus arundinaceus, an Old World warbler.

great skua great skuas n
wydrzyk wielki
A large seabird, Stercorarius skua.

great snipe great snipes n
dubelt
A medium-small wading bird (Gallinago media).

great spotted woodpecker /ˈɡɹeɪt ˈspɒtəd ˈwʊdpɛkeɹ/ great spotted woodpeckers n
dzięcioł duży
A species of woodpecker, Dendrocopos major.

great tit /ˈɡɹeɪt tɪt/ great tits n
sikora bogatka bogatka bogatka zwyczajna
A bird in the Paridae family, Parus major.

great unwashed /ˌɡɹeɪt ʌnˈwɑːʃt/ /ˌɡɹeɪt ʌnˈwɒʃt/ /ˌɡɹeɪt ʌnˈwɔːʃt/ n
buractwo tłuszcza
(idiomatic, derogatory) The general populace, particularly the working class.

great white shark great white sharks n
żarłacz biały
A large shark, Carcharodon carcharias, of coastal surface waters in all major oceans that feeds on fish and marine mammals.

great- prefix
pra-
With familial designations, used to denote a removal of one generation

great-aunt great-aunts n
cioteczna babka stryjeczna babka
An aunt of one's parent (i.e. a sister or sister-in-law of one's grandparent).

great-grandchild great-grandchildren n
prawnuczka prawnuczek prawnuczę
The child (son or daughter) of one's grandchild.

great-granddaughter great-granddaughters n
prawnuczka
The daughter of someone's grandchild.

great-grandfather great-grandfathers n
pradziadek
The father of one's grandparent.

great-grandmother great-grandmothers n
prababcia prababka
The mother of one's grandparent.

great-grandparent great-grandparents n
pradziadkowie
A parent of a grandparent; a grandparent of a parent.

great-grandson great-grandsons n
prawnuk
A son of a grandchild.

great-great-grandchild great-great-grandchildren n
praprawnuczę
A child of a great-grandchild, a grandchild of a grandchild and a great-grandchild of a child.

great-great-granddaughter great-great-granddaughters n
praprawnuczka
The daughter of one's great-grandchild.

great-great-grandfather great-great-grandfathers n
prapradziad
The father of someone's great-grandparent.

great-great-grandmother great-great-grandmothers n
praprababcia
The mother of someone’s great-grandparent.

great-great-grandson great-great-grandsons n
praprawnuk
The son of one's great-grandchild.

greatcoat greatcoats n
palto szynel
A heavy overcoat.

greater celandine greater celandines n
glistnik glistnik jaskółcze ziele jaskółcze ziele
A European perennial herb, Chelidonium majus, a flower of the poppy family with yellow flowers, native to Europe and western Asia.

greater flamingo greater flamingoes greater flamingos n
flaming różowy

greater good n
dobro wspólne
The benefit of the public, of more people than oneself.

greater omentum greater omenta greater omentums n
sieć większa
(anatomy) A large peritoneal fold that extends from the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon.

greater rhea greater rheas n
nandu szare
Rhea americana, a species of flightless bird native to eastern South America.

greater scaup greater scaups n
ogorzałka
A scaup of the species Aythya marila, a bluebill.

greater short-toed lark greater short-toed larks n
skowrończyk krótkopalcowy
Calandrella brachydactyla, a small passerine bird.

greater spotted eagle greater spotted eagles n
orlik grubodzioby
Clanga clanga, a medium-sized migratory raptor native to Asia, north-eastern Africa and eastern Europe.

greater white-fronted goose greater white-fronted geese n
gęś białoczelna
Anser albifrons

greater yellowlegs greater yellowlegs n
brodziec piegowaty
A shorebird of North America characterized by its yellow legs, Tringa melanoleuca.

greatest common divisor greatest common divisors n
największy wspólny dzielnik
(arithmetic, number theory) The largest positive integer (respectively polynomial, element of a given ring) that is a divisor of each of a given set of integers (respectively polynomials, elements of a given ring).

greatness /ˈɡɹeɪtnəs/ greatnesses n
wielkość
The state, condition, or quality of being great

greave /ɡɹiːv/ greaves n
nagolenica nagolennik
A piece of armour that protects the leg, especially the shin, and occasionally the tops of the feet.

greaves /ɡɹivz/ n
skwarka
The unmeltable residue left after animal fat has been rendered.

grebe /ɡɹiːb/ grebes n
perkoz
Any of several waterbirds in the cosmopolitan family Podicipedidae. They have strong, sharp bills, and lobate toes.

greed /ɡɹid/ greeds n
chciwość
A selfish or excessive desire for more than is needed or deserved, especially of money, wealth, food, or other possessions.

greedhead greedheads n
chciwiec

greedy /ˈɡɹiːdi/ greedier greediest adj
chciwy skąpy
Having greed; consumed by selfish desires.

green /ɡɹin/ /ɡɹiːn/ greener greenest adj
zielony
(figurative, of people) Sickly, unwell.
Unripe, said of certain fruits that change color when they ripen.
(figurative) Inexperienced.
zielony zieleń
(figurative) Environmentally friendly.
(particle physics) Having a color charge of green.

green /ɡɹin/ /ɡɹiːn/ greens n
zieleń zielony
The colour of grass and leaves; a primary additive colour midway between yellow and cyan which is evoked by light between roughly roughly 495–570 nm.

green /ɡɹin/ /ɡɹiːn/ v
zielenić
(transitive) To make (something) green, to turn (something) green.

green alder green alders n
olsza zielona
A tree in the genus Alnus; Alnus viridis.

green anaconda green anacondas n
anakonda zielona

green bean green beans n
fasola szparagowa fasolka szparagowa
The immature pods of numerous varieties of the common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris.

green belt /ˈɡrin ˌbɛlt/ /ˈɡriːn bɛlt/ green belts n
zelený pás
(chiefly, Britain) An area of agricultural land around an urban area that is protected from large-scale building.

green energy green energies n
zielona energia
Non-polluting source of energy.

green fairy n
zielona wróżka
(colloquial) Absinthe liquor.

green light green lights n
zielone światło
A traffic light in its green state (indicating that vehicles may proceed).
(idiomatic) Approval, or permission to proceed.

green olive green olives n
zielona oliwka
An olive picked before it has ripened; as opposed to a black olive which is picked after ripening.

green pass green passes n
paszport covidowy

green sandpiper green sandpipers n
samotnik
Tringa ochropus, a small wading bird.

green tea green teas n
zielona herbata
Leaves of the tea plant which are treated with steam or roasted to denature the enzymes that cause the leaves to darken and change taste. (Without this step they would become oolong tea or black tea).
A beverage brewed from green tea leaves.

green warbler green warblers n
świstunka kaukaska
Phylloscopus nitidus, a leaf warbler found in the Caucasus Mountains in south central Europe.

green wave green waves n
zielona fala
A purposefully designed timing of a series of traffic lights to produce a green light for cars travelling at the correct speed as they arrive at the lights.

green with envy adj
zielony z zazdrości
(idiomatic) Consumed by envy; envious to the point where it is noticeable to others.

green woodpecker /ɡɹinˈwʊdpɛkə(ɹ)/ green woodpeckers n
dzięcioł zielony
Any of species Picus viridis of European woodpeckers.

green-eyed greener-eyed greenest-eyed more green-eyed most green-eyed adj
zielonooki
(literal) Having green eyes.

greenery /ˈɡɹiːnəɹi/ greeneries n
zieleń roślinność
Green foliage or verdure.

greenfinch greenfinches n
dzwoniec
the European greenfinch, a common Old World finch, Carduelis chloris, now Chloris chloris, that is mainly green with yellow in the wings and tail.

greengage /ˈɡɹiːnɡeɪd͡ʒ/ greengages n
renkloda
A plum cultivar with greenish-yellow flesh and skin, Prunus domestica subsp. italica var. claudiana.

greengrocer's greengrocers' n
warzywniak
A shop where fresh fruit and vegetables are sold.

greenhorn greenhorns n
żółtodziób
(chiefly, US) An inexperienced person; a novice, beginner or newcomer.

greenhouse /ˈɡɹiːnˌhaʊs/ greenhouses n
szklarnia
A building used to grow plants, particularly one with large glass windows or plastic sheeting to trap heat from sunlight even in intemperate seasons or climates.

greenhouse effect greenhouse effects n
efekt cieplarniany
The process by which a planet is heated by solar radiation which is retained by its atmosphere.

greenhouse gas greenhouse gases n
gaz cieplarniany
Any gas, such as carbon dioxide, methane, or CFCs, that contributes to the greenhouse effect when released into the atmosphere.

greenish /ˈɡɹiːnɪʃ/ more greenish most greenish adj
zielonkawy zielonawy
Somewhat green in color.

greenish warbler greenish warblers n
wójcik zielony
Phylloscopus trochiloides, a widespread leaf warbler with a breeding range in northeastern Europe and temperate to subtropical continental Asia.

greens /ɡɹiːnz/ n
zielenina
Green vegetables; edible plants or plant parts that contain chlorophyll.

greenschist greenschists n
zieleniec
(rock) A metamorphic rock formed at low temperature and pressure, often with an abundance of green minerals such as chlorite, serpentine, and epidote.

greenspace greenspaces n
zieleniec
An area of undeveloped landscape, such as park land left within a city during planning and zoning other areas for development.

greenstick fracture greenstick fractures n
złamanie podokostnowe
An incomplete fracture of a long bone in which one side of a bone is broken while the other is bent

greenway greenways n
park
A corridor of undeveloped or park land, set aside for environmental protection or recreational and primarily non-motorized use, such as bicycle paths.

greet /ɡɹiːt/ v
witać pozdrawiać
(transitive) To arrive at or reach, or meet.
(transitive) To accost; to address.

greeting /ˈɡɹiːtɪŋ/ greetings n
pozdrowienie powitanie
A conventional phrase used to start a letter or conversation or otherwise to acknowledge a person's arrival or presence.

greeting card greeting cards n
kartka z pozdrowieniami
A card, typically folded in half and available commercially, that is sent to someone as a greeting. (This entry is a translation hub.)

grenade /ɡɹəˈneɪd/ grenades n
granat
A small explosive device, designed to be thrown by hand or launched using a rifle, grenade launcher, or rocket.

grenade launcher grenade launchers n
granatnik
A weapon that shoots grenades from a device.

grenadine /ˈɡɹɛnədiːn/ grenadines n
grenadyna
A cordial syrup made from pomegranates.
A dilute drink made from this syrup.

grey area grey areas n
nieokreślony obszar niejasności
(idiomatic) An area intermediate between two mutually exclusive states or categories, where the border between the two is fuzzy or ill-defined.

grey crowned crane grey crowned cranes n
koronnik szary
Balearica regulorum, a bird of the crane (Gruidae) family

grey heron /ɡɹeɪ ˈhɛɹ.ən/ grey herons n
czapla siwa
Ardea cinerea, an Old World wading bird of the heron family.

grey market grey markets n
szara strefa
(business) The buying and selling of goods through distribution channels other than those authorized or intended by the manufacturer or producer.

grey matter n
szare komórki
(idiomatic) Brains; a person's ability to think.
istota szara substancja szara
(neuroanatomy) A collection of cell bodies and (usually) dendritic connections, in contrast to white matter.

grey partridge grey partridges n
kuropatwa
A game bird in the pheasant family, Perdix perdix.

grey wagtail grey wagtails n
pliszka górska
A small passerine bird in the family Motacillidae (Motacilla cinerea).

grey wolf grey wolves n
wilk szary
A large canid, Canis lupus, once found throughout forested areas of northern Europe, Asia and America; it shares a common ancestry with the domestic dog.

grey-backed fiscal grey-backed fiscals n
dzierzba srokoszowata
Lanius excubitoroides, a species of bird in the family Laniidae.

grey-haired adj
siwowłosy
Having grey hair.

grey-headed chickadee grey-headed chickadees n
sikora północna
Poecile cinctus, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

grey-headed woodpecker grey-headed woodpeckers n
dzięcioł zielonosiwy
Picus canus, a Eurasian member of the woodpecker family, greyer than other similar Eurasian woodpeckers.

grey-necked bunting grey-necked buntings n
trznadel skalny
Emberiza buchanani, a passerine bird in the bunting family Emberizidae.

grey-tailed tattler grey-tailed tattlers n
brodziec szary
A species of shorebird, Tringa brevipes, of east Asia, Australasia, and Beringia.

greyhound /ˈɡɹeɪhaʊnd/ greyhounds n
chart
A lean breed of dog used in hunting and racing.

greylag goose /ˌɡɹeɪlæɡ ˈɡuːs/ greylag geese n
gęgawa
Anser anser, a goose found across much of the Palearctic.

greywacke /ˈɡɹeɪ.wak.ə/ /ˈɡɹeɪ.wæk/ greywackes n
szarogłaz
(geology) A hard dark sandstone with poorly sorted angular grains of quartz, feldspar, and small rock fragments in a compact, clay-fine matrix.

grid /ɡɹɪd/ grids n
siatka kratka plansza
A rectangular array of squares or rectangles of equal size, such as in a crossword puzzle.
sieć
A system for delivery of electricity, consisting of various substations, transformers and generators, connected by wire.

gridiron /ˈɡɹɪdaɪən/ gridirons n
ruszt
An iron rack or grate used for broiling meat and fish over coals. [from 14th c.]

gridpoint gridpoints n
punkt na wykresie

grief /ɡɹiːf/ griefs grieves n
smutek zmartwienie żal
Emotional pain, generally arising from misfortune, significant personal loss, bereavement, misconduct of oneself or others, etc.; sorrow; sadness. [from early 14th c.]

grieve /ɡɹiːv/ v
rozpaczać
(transitive) To feel very sad about; to mourn; to sorrow for.
przeżywać żałobę
(intransitive) To experience grief.

griffin /ɡɹɪfɪn/ griffins n
gryf
A mythical beast having the body of a lion and the wings and head of an eagle.

griffon vulture /ˈɡɹɪfən ˈvʌlt͡ʃəɹ/ griffon vultures n
sęp płowy
A large Old World vulture, Gyps fulvus, native to mountainous areas from Iberia to Burma.

grifter /ˈɡɹɪftə/ /ˈɡɹɪftɚ/ grifters n
hochsztapler hochsztaplerka naciągacz naciągaczka
(informal, originally, _, North America) A con artist; someone who pulls confidence games; a swindler, scammer, huckster, hustler, and/or charlatan.

grill /ɡɹɪl/ grills grillz n
grill atrapa maskownica
On a vehicle, a slotted cover as above, to protect and hide the radiator, while admitting air to cool it.
grill gril
(US) A cooking device comprising a source of radiative and convective heat and a means of holding food above it; a barbecue.
ruszt
A grillroom; a restaurant serving grilled food.

grill /ɡɹɪl/ v
grillować opiekać na grillu
(transitive) To cook (food) on a grill; to barbecue.
brać na spytki wypytać wypytywać wziąć na spytki
(transitive, colloquial) To interrogate; to question aggressively or harshly.

grilled cheese grilled cheeses n
tost
(North America) A cheese sandwich typically toasted or fried in butter.

grim /ɡɹɪm/ grimmer grimmest adj
ponury
Dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding.
nieubłagany srogi
Rigid and unrelenting.

grimace /ɡɹɪ.ˈmeɪs/ /ˈɡɹɪm.əs/ grimaces n
grymas
A contorted facial expression, often expressing contempt or pain.

grimly /ˈɡɹɪmli/ more grimly most grimly adv
ponuro
In a grim manner.

grimoire /ˈɡɹɪmwɑː/ /ˈɡɹɪmˌwɑːɹ/ grimoires n
grymuar
(occult) A book of instructions in the use of alchemy or magic, especially one containing spells for summoning demons.

grin /ɡɹɪn/ grins n
banan szeroki uśmiech uśmiech od ucha do ucha
A smile in which the lips are parted to reveal the teeth.

grin /ɡɹɪn/ v
suszyć ząbki szczerzyć się szczerzyć zęby
(intransitive) To smile, parting the lips so as to show the teeth.

grin and bear it v
robić dobrą minę do złej gry zrobić dobrą minę do złej gry
To endure a difficult or disagreeable situation with good humour.

grind /ˈɡɹaɪnd/ v
mleć
(transitive) To reduce to smaller pieces by crushing with lateral motion.
ścierać
(metalworking) To remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface.

grinder /ɡɹaɪndə/ /ɡɹaɪndəɹ/ grinders n
młynek
(slang) Any tooth.
A kitchen gadget for processing coffee, herbs etc. into small or powdered pieces.

grip /ɡɹɪp/ grips n
chwyt uchwyt uścisk
A hold or way of holding, particularly with the hand.

grisly /ˈɡɹɪzli/ grislier grisliest adj
potworny zatrważający
Horrifyingly repellent; gruesome, terrifying.

grist for the mill n
woda na młyn
(idiomatic) Something that is useful or that creates a favorable opportunity.

gristle /ˈɡɹɪsəl/ gristles n
chrząstka
Cartilage; now especially: cartilage present, as a tough substance, in meat.

grit /ɡɹɪt/ n
piasek żwir
A collection of hard small materials, such as dirt, ground stone, debris from sandblasting or other such grinding, or swarf from metalworking.
stanowczość wytrwałość
Strength of mind; great courage or fearlessness; fortitude.

grit one's teeth v
zaciskać zęby zacisnąć zęby
To clench one's teeth together tightly because of pain, anger, frustration, or self-assurance.
(idiom) To face up to a difficult or disagreeable situation and deal with it.

grits /ɡɹɪts/ n
kasza
(Western Hemisphere) Coarsely ground hominy which is boiled and eaten, primarily in the Southern United States.

gritter gritters n
piaskarka
A vehicle that applies grit to icy roads to improve traction.

gritty /ˈɡɹɪti/ grittier grittiest adj
realistyczny
(film, literature) Intense and starkly realistic; depicting harsh reality, especially violence.

grivna [ˈɡɹɪvnɑ] grivnas n
grzywna
(historical) a unit of currency and weight in medieval Rus.

grizzly bear grizzly bears n
grizli grizzly niedźwiedź szary niedźwiedź grizli
A large North American subspecies, Ursus arctos horribilis, of the brown bear.

groan /ɡɹoʊn/ /ɡɹəʊn/ groans n
jęk
A low, mournful sound uttered in pain or grief.

groan /ɡɹoʊn/ /ɡɹəʊn/ v
jęczeć
To make a groan.

groat /ɡɹoʊt/ /ɡɹɔːt/ /ɡɹəʊt/ groats n
krupa
(chiefly, in the plural) Hulled grain, chiefly hulled oats.

grocer /ˈɡɹoʊ.səɹ/ /ˈɡɹoʊ.ʃəɹ/ /ˈɡɹəʊ.sə/ grocers n
sklepikarz sklepikarka
A person who retails groceries (foodstuffs and household items) from a grocery.

groceries /ˈɡɹoʊs(ə)ɹiz/ /ˈɡɹoʊʃ(ə)ɹiz/ /ˈɡɹəʊs(ə)ɹiz/ /ˈɡɹəʊs(ə)ɹɪz/ n
spożywka żywność
The commodities sold by a grocer or in a grocery store.

grocery /ˈɡɹoʊs(ə)ɹi/ /ˈɡɹoʊʃ(ə)ɹi/ /ˈɡɹəʊs(ə)ɹi/ groceries n
sklep spożywczy spożywczak
A shop or store that sells groceries; a grocery store.

grog /ɡɹɑɡ/ /ɡɹɒɡ/ grogs n
grog
An alcoholic beverage made with hot water or tea, sugar and rum, sometimes also with lemon or lime juice and spices, particularly cinnamon.

groin /ɡɹɔɪn/ groins n
pachwina
The crease or depression of the human body at the junction of the trunk and the thigh, together with the surrounding region.

groom /ɡɹuːm/ v
pielęgnować
(transitive) To care for (horses or other animals) by brushing and cleaning them.

groomsman groomsmen n
drużba
A man who serves as one of a number of attendants to a bridegroom at a wedding, one of whom is the best man.

groove /ɡɹuv/ /ɡɹuːv/ grooves n
koleina żleb
A long, narrow channel or depression; e.g., such a slot cut into a hard material to provide a location for an engineering component, a tyre groove, or a geological channel or depression.
rutyna
A fixed routine.

groove /ɡɹuv/ /ɡɹuːv/ v
żłobić
(transitive) To cut a groove or channel in; to form into channels or grooves; to furrow.

grosbeak grosbeaks n
grubodziób
Any of several finches and cardinals that have a large, powerful bill

groschen groschen groschens n
grosz
(numismatics) Any of several obsolete European silver coins.

gross /ɡɹos/ /ɡɹoʊs/ /ɡɹɔs/ /ɡɹəʊs/ grosser grossest more gross most gross adj
ciężki poważny
(of behaviour considered to be wrong) Highly or conspicuously offensive.
brutto
(of an amount) Excluding any deductions; including all associated amounts.
obleśny
(informal, North America, AU) Causing disgust.
obleśny odstręczający
Lacking refinement in behaviour or manner; offending a standard of morality.

gross /ɡɹos/ /ɡɹoʊs/ /ɡɹɔs/ /ɡɹəʊs/ gross grosses n
gros
Twelve dozen = 144.
brutto
The total nominal earnings or amount, before taxes, expenses, exceptions or similar are deducted. That which remains after all deductions is called net.

gross domestic product gross domestic products n
produkt krajowy brutto PKB
(economics) A measure of the economic production of a particular territory in financial capital terms over a specific time period.

gross income gross incomes n
dochody brutto przychód
Income generated before deducting expenses, taxes, insurance, etc.

gross national income gross national incomes n
dochód narodowy
(economics) A more recent designation for gross national product, the total market value of all the goods and services produced by a nation.

gross national product gross national products n
produkt narodowy brutto
(economics) The total market value of all the goods and services produced by a nation (citizens of a country, whether living at home or abroad) during a specified period.

gross out v
obrzydzać obrzydzić
(informal, transitive, mostly, North America) To sicken or distress (someone) by being disgusting, gory, or lewd.

grosz /ɡɹɔʃ/ grosze groszy n
grosz
A subdivision of currency, equal to one hundredth of a Polish zloty.

grotesque /ɡɹoʊˈtɛsk/ /ɡɹəʊˈtɛsk/ grotesquer grotesquest adj
groteskowy
Distorted and unnatural in shape or size; abnormal, especially in a hideous way.

grotto /ˈɡɹɑ.toʊ/ /ˈɡɹɒt.əʊ/ grottoes grottos n
grota
A small cave.
A local organization of cavers that typically organizes trips to caves and provides information and training for caving; a caving club.

ground /ɡɹaʊnd/ adj
mielony
Crushed, or reduced to small particles.

ground /ɡɹaʊnd/ grounds n
ziemia
The surface of the Earth, as opposed to the sky or water or underground.
ziemia gleba
Soil, earth.
dno grunt
(countable) The bottom of a body of water.
podstawa baza
Basis, foundation, groundwork, legwork.
uziemienie ziemia
(electricity, Canadian, and, US) An electrical conductor connected to the earth, or a large conductor whose electrical potential is taken as zero (such as a steel chassis).

ground /ɡɹaʊnd/ v
uziemiać uziemić
(transitive) To forbid (an aircraft or pilot) to fly.

ground elder ground elders n
podagrycznik
A perennial plant in the carrot family Apiaceae, native to Eurasia; Aegopodium podagraria.

ground floor ground floors n
parter
The floor of a building closest to ground level.

ground ivy ground ivies n
bluszczyk kurdybanek
Glechoma hederacea, an aromatic, perennial, evergreen creeper of the mint family Lamiaceae.

ground set ground sets n
zestaw matematycznych struktur

ground squirrel ground squirrels n
suseł
Any of a number of medium-sized squirrel-like burrowing rodents of the tribe Marmotini (i.e., excluding the smaller chipmunks and the larger marmots and prairie dogs).

ground station ground stations n
stacja naziemna

ground wire ground wires n
przewód uziemiający

ground zero /-ˈzi(ˌ)ɹoʊ/ /ˌɡɹaʊnd ˈzɪəɹəʊ/ /ˌɡɹaʊnd ˈzɪɚ(ˌ)oʊ/ ground zeroes n
strefa zero
Originally, the point on the land or water surface below which a nuclear bomb detonates in the air; now also the point on such a surface at or above the detonation.

ground-effect vehicle ground-effect vehicles n
ekranolot ekranoplan
(aviation, nautical) An aircraft that utilizes aerodynamic ground effect to attain level flight near the surface of water.
(nautical) Synonym of ground-effect machine

ground-ivy ground-ivies n
bluszczyk kurdybanek bluszczyk
Glechoma hederacea, an aromatic, perennial, evergreen creeper of the mint family Lamiaceae

groundbait groundbaits n
zanęta

groundbreaking /ˈɡɹaʊndbɹeɪkɪŋ/ more groundbreaking most groundbreaking adj
pionierski innowacyjny rewolucyjny
Innovative; new, different; doing something that has never been done before.

groundbreaking /ˈɡɹaʊndbɹeɪkɪŋ/ groundbreakings n
wmurowanie kamienia węgielnego
A ceremony to mark the beginning of construction.

grounded /-dəd/ /ˈɡɹaʊn.dɪd/ more grounded most grounded adj
uziemiony
(aviation, of an airman or aircraft) Not allowed to fly.
(electricity, North America) Of or pertaining to an electrical conductor which is connected to earth; earthed.

grounding /ˈɡɹaʊndɪŋ/ groundings n
szlaban
The act by which a child is grounded (forbidden from going out, using electronics, etc.).

groundless more groundless most groundless adj
bezpodstawny bezzasadny nieuzasadniony
Without any grounds to support it; baseless.

groundlessly more groundlessly most groundlessly adv
bezpodstawnie bezzasadnie niesłusznie

groundlessness n
bezpodstawność bezzasadność

groundpecker groundpeckers n
pseudosójeczka
A species of bird in the tit family Paridae, Pseudopodoces humilis.

grounds /ɡɹaʊndz/ n
fusy osad
The sediment at the bottom of a liquid, or from which a liquid has been filtered.

groundwater groundwaters n
woda gruntowa
Water that exists beneath the earth's surface in underground streams and aquifers.

groundwave groundwaves n
fala przyziemna
(radio) A signal that propagates along the surface of the Earth.

group /ɡɹuːp/ groups n
grupa kupa
A number of things or persons being in some relation to one another.
(sports) A set of teams playing each other in the same division, while not during the same period playing any teams that belong to other sets in the division.

group /ɡɹuːp/ v
grupować
(transitive) To put together to form a group.
grupować się
(intransitive) To come together to form a group.

group buying n
tuangou
(business) The practice of purchasing products and services at reduced prices on the condition that a minimum number of buyers would make the purchase.

group of death groups of death n
grupa śmierci
(sports, _, slang) A group in a multi-stage tournament which is unusually competitive, because the number of strong competitors in the group is greater than the number of qualifying places available for the next phase of the tournament.

group sex n
seks grupowy
The practice of having sex with multiple partners at the same time.

group velocity group velocities n
prędkość grupowa
(physics) the propagation velocity of the envelope of a modulated travelling wave, which is considered as the propagation velocity of information or energy contained in it.

grouping /ˈɡɹuːpɪŋ/ groupings n
bateria
(countable) A collection of things or people united as a group.

groupthink /ˈɡɹuːpθɪŋk/ groupthinks n
myślenie grupowe
A process of reasoning or decision-making by a group, especially one characterized by uncritical acceptance of or conformity to a perceived majority view.

grouse /ɡræus/ /ɡræɔs/ /ɡɹaʊs/ grouse grouses n
głuszec cietrzew pardwa
(countable) Any of various game birds of the subfamily Tetraoninae which inhabit temperate and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere; specifically, the red grouse (Lagopus lagopus scotica) native to heather moorland on the British Isles. [from 1530s]

grout /ɡɹaʊt/ /ɡɹʌut/ grouts n
fuga
A thin mortar used to fill the gaps between tiles and cavities in masonry.
osad
(archaic, chiefly, in the plural) Dregs, sediment.

grout /ɡɹaʊt/ /ɡɹʌut/ v
fugować zafugować
To insert mortar between tiles.

grove /ɡɹoʊv/ /ɡɹəʊv/ groves n
gaj lasek
A small forest.

grow /ɡɹoʊ/ /ɡɹəʊ/ [ˈɡ̊ɹʷəʊ̯] [ˈɡ̊ɻʷoʊ̯] v
rosnąć uprawiać powiększać powiększyć uprawić zapuszczać
(transitive) To cause or allow something to become bigger, especially to cultivate plants.
robić się stawać się stać się zostawać zostać zrobić się
(copulative) To assume a condition or quality over time.

grow some balls v
hodować jaja wyhodować jaja

grow up v
dorastać
(intransitive) To mature and become an adult.

growing season growing seasons n
okres wegetacyjny
the part of a year when weather conditions and temperatures are favourable for the growth of plants and trees.

growl /ɡɹaʊl/ growls n
warczenie warknięcie
A deep, rumbling, threatening sound made in the throat by an animal.
burczenie
(by extension) The rumbling sound made by a human's hungry stomach.

growl /ɡɹaʊl/ v
warczeć
(intransitive) To utter a deep guttural sound, as an angry animal; to give forth an angry, grumbling sound.

grown-up more grown-up most grown-up adj
dorosły
Adult, physically mature.

growth /ɡɹoʊθ/ /ɡɹəʊθ/ growths n
wzrost rozwój
An increase in size, number, value, or strength.
rośnięcie wzrastanie
(biology) The act of growing, getting bigger or higher.
narośl wzrost
(pathology) An abnormal mass such as a tumor.

growth hormone growth hormones n
hormon wzrostu
(often, in context) The human homologue specifically: human growth hormone.

groyne /ɡɹɔɪn/ groynes n
ostroga brzegowa
An often wooden structure that projects from a coastline to prevent erosion, longshore drift etc.; a breakwater.

grub /ɡɹʌb/ grubs n
robak
(countable) An insect at an immature stage of its life cycle.
żarcie
(uncountable, slang) Food.

grubby /ɡɹʌbi/ grubbier grubbiest adj
brudny umorusany
Dirty, unwashed, unclean.

grudge /ɡɹʌd͡ʒ/ grudges n
uraza
(countable) Deep-seated and/or long-term animosity or ill will about something or someone, especially due to perceived mistreatment.

grudging /ˈɡɹʌ.dʒɪŋ/ /ˈɡɹʌ.d͡ʒiŋ/ more grudging most grudging adj
niechętny wstrzemięźliwy
Unwilling or with reluctance.

gruel /ɡɹuː(ə)l/ gruels n
kleik
A thin, watery porridge, formerly eaten primarily by the poor and the ill.

gruelling /ˈɡɹu.lɪŋ/ /ˈɡɹu.əl.ɪŋ/ /ˈɡɹʊə.lɪŋ/ more gruelling most gruelling adj
wyczerpujący
So difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted; backbreaking.

gruesome /ˈɡɹuːsʌm/ gruesomer gruesomest more gruesome most gruesome adj
przerażający straszliwy straszny makabryczny odpychający okropny
Repellently frightful and shocking; horrific or ghastly.

grumpy /ˈɡɹʌmpi/ grumpier grumpiest adj
marudny
Dissatisfied and irritable.

grunge /ɡɹʌnd͡ʒ/ n
obrzydlistwo ohydztwo paskudztwo
(informal) Dirt or filth, especially when difficult to clean.
grunge
(music genre) A subgenre of alternative rock, originating from Seattle, Washington, which melds punk and metal.

grunt /ɡɹʌnt/ grunts n
chrząknięcie
A short snorting sound, often to show disapproval, or used as a reply when one is reluctant to speak.
chrumkanie
The snorting cry of a pig.

grunt work /ɡɹʌ̃nʔwɝk/ n
czarna robota robota głupiego
(idiomatic) Work (especially that which is heavy, repetitive or mindless) that is considered undesirable and therefore delegated to underlings.

guacamole /wa.kaˈmo.le/ /ɡwa.kaˈmo.le/ /ˌɡwɑ.kəˈmol.i/ /ˌɡwɑ.kəˈmoʊ.leɪ/ guacamoles n
guacamole
An avocado-based greenish dip with onions, tomato, and spices, common to Mexican cuisine and often served with tortilla chips.

guanine /ˈɡwɑː.niːn/ guanines n
guanina
(chemistry) A substance first obtained from guano; it is a nucleic base and pairs with cytosine in DNA and RNA (by means of three hydrogen bonds).

guano /ˈɡwɑːnəʊ/ guanoes guanos n
guano
Dung from a sea bird or from a bat.

guarantee /ˌɡæɹənˈtiː/ /ˌɡɛəɹənˈtiː/ guarantees n
gwarancja
Anything that assures a certain outcome.
More specifically, a written declaration that a certain product will be fit for a purpose and work correctly; a warranty
gwarant gwarantka poręczyciel
(colloquial) A person who gives such a guarantee; a guarantor.

guarantee /ˌɡæɹənˈtiː/ /ˌɡɛəɹənˈtiː/ v
gwarantować zagwarantować zapewniać zapewnić zaręczać zaręczyć
To give an assurance that something will be done right.
gwarantować zagwarantować
To assume or take responsibility for a debt or other obligation.

guaranteed adj
gwarantowany zagwarantowany zapewniony
Made certain; promised.

guarantor /ˈɡæɹəntɔː(ɹ)/ /ˈɡæɹəntə(ɹ)/ guarantors n
gwarant gwarantka
A person or company that provides a guarantee.

guard /ɡɑɹd/ /ɡɑːd/ guards n
strażnik
A person who, or thing that, protects or watches over something.
jelec
The part of a sword that protects the wielder's hand.
osłona
A part of a machine which blocks access to dangerous parts.

guard /ɡɑɹd/ /ɡɑːd/ v
chronić
(transitive) To protect from danger; to secure against surprise, attack, or injury; to keep in safety; to defend.

guard of honour guards of honour n
warta honorowa
A group of people (especially military), arranged in one or more rows, at a ceremony to honour, or a visit by, an important person

guardian /ˈɡɑɹ.di.ən/ /ˈɡɑɹ.din/ /ˈɡɑː.dɪ.ən/ guardians n
obrońca strażnik stróż
Someone who guards, watches over, or protects.
opiekun opiekunka
(legal) A person legally responsible for a minor (in loco parentis).
gwardian
A superior in a Franciscan monastery.

guardian angel guardian angels n
Anioł Stróż anioł stróż
(religion) A tutelary angel watching over a particular person in monotheistic contexts.
anioł stróż Anioł Stróż
(figuratively) A person who benevolently watches over another.

guardianship guardianships n
opieka
The office or position of one acting as a guardian or conservator, especially in a legal capacity.

guardrail guardrails n
balustrada poręcz bariera energochłonna barierka
A rail set alongside a dangerous place as a barrier, to improve safety.

guardsman guardsmen n
gwardzista
A person, especially a soldier, who is on guard.
(US) A member of the National Guard.
(British) A member of a Guards regiment.

guava /ˈɡwɑːvə/ guavas n
guawa guajawa
A tropical tree or shrub of the myrtle family, Psidium guajava.
gujawa guawa
Its yellowish tropical fruit, 1¼ to 2 inches, globular or pear-shaped with thin, yellow, green or brown skin, is often made into jams and jellies. The meat can be yellowish to pale green or pink in color, depending on the variety.

gubernatorial /ˌɡ(j)u.bɚ.nəˈtɔɹ.i.əl/ /ˌɡ(j)uː.bə.nəˈtɔː.ɹi.əl/ adj
gubernatorski
Of or pertaining to a governor.

guberniya guberniyas n
gubernia
(historical) A major administrative subdivision of the Russian Empire; a governorate or province.

gudgeon /ˈɡʌdʒən/ /ˈɡʌd͡ʒən/ /ˈɡʌjən/ gudgeons n
kiełb kiełb krótkowąsy kiełb pospolity
A small freshwater fish, Gobio gobio, that is native to Eurasia.

guelder rose /ˈɡɛldə(ɹ) ˌɹəʊz/ guelder roses n
kalina
A deciduous shrub (Viburnum opulus), having small white flowers.

guenon /ɡəˈnoʊn/ /ˈɡwɛn.ən/ guenons n
koczkodan
An Old World monkey of the genus Cercopithecus.

guereza guerezas n
gereza
(zoology) A reddish-brown colobus monkey from Abyssinia.

guerrilla /ɡəˈɹɪlə/ guerrillas n
partyzant bojowniczka bojownik partyzantka
A soldier in a small independent group, fighting against the government or regular forces by surprise raids.
partyzantka wojna partyzancka
(now, _, rare) A non-official war carried out by small independent groups; a guerrilla war.

guerrilla warfare n
partyzantka wojna partyzancka
Combat using groups of irregular, light, mobile troops within areas occupied by an enemy force, usually through hit-and-run tactics.

guess /ɡɛs/ guesses n
zgadnięcie
A prediction about the outcome of something, typically made without factual evidence or support.

guess /ɡɛs/ v
zgadywać zgadnąć
To reach a partly (or totally) unconfirmed conclusion; to engage in conjecture; to speculate.
odgadnąć odgadywać
To solve by a correct conjecture; to conjecture rightly.
przypuszczać domniemywać mniemać
(chiefly, US) to suppose, to imagine (introducing a proposition of uncertain plausibility).

guess what phraseologicalUnit
wiesz co
(idiomatic) Used to dramatize the introduction of an unsurprising outcome.

guesswork guessworks n
domysł przypuszczenie
An estimate, judgment or opinion made by guessing, from limited information.

guest /ɡɛst/ guests n
gość gościni
A recipient of hospitality, especially someone staying by invitation at the house of another.
gość
A patron or customer in a hotel etc.
An invited visitor or performer to an institution or to a broadcast.

guest book guest books n
księga gości
a type of ledger in which visitors to a particular establishment, such as a bed and breakfast or a museum, may leave comments about the establishment.
(Internet) a feature of a website performing a similar function to a physical guest book

guest room guest rooms n
pokój gościnny
A room in a home or hotel set aside for the use of visiting guests.

guest worker guest workers n
gastarbajter gastarbeiter
A person with temporary permission to work in another country.

guesthouse /ˈɡɛsthaʊs/ guesthouses n
pensjonat
A small house near a main house, for lodging visitors.

guffaw /ɡəˈfoː/ /ɡəˈfɔ/ /ɡəˈfɔː/ v
rechotać rżeć
(intransitive) To laugh boisterously.

guide /ɡaɪd/ guides n
przewodniczka przewodnik
Someone who guides, especially someone hired to show people around a place or an institution and offer information and explanation, or to lead them through dangerous terrain.
poradnik instrukcja przewodnik
A document or book that offers information or instruction; guidebook.
drogowskaz
A sign that guides people; guidepost.

guide book guide books n
bedeker przewodnik
A book that provides guidance, but especially one designed for travellers which provides local tourist information about a particular country or area.

guide dog guide dogs n
pies przewodnik
A dog that is trained to be of assistance to a blind person and is able to guide him or her.

guided missile guided missiles n
pocisk kierowany
An unmanned, self-propelled vehicle that travels through the air to deliver a warhead to a predetermined point, keeping itself on course by making corrections via its control surfaces.

guided tour guided tours n
zwiedzanie z przewodnikiem

guideline guidelines n
dyrektywa wytyczna
A non-specific rule or principle that provides direction to action or behaviour.

guild /ɡɪld/ guilds n
gildia cech
A group or association mainly of tradespeople made up of merchants, craftspeople, or artisans for mutual aid, particularly in the Middle Ages.

guilder /ˈɡɪldə/ /ˈɡɪldɚ/ guilders n
gulden
The current currency unit in the islands in the former Netherlands Antilles, divided into 100 cents.

guile /ɡaɪl/ guiles n
przebiegłość
(uncountable) Astuteness often marked by a certain sense of cunning or artful deception.

guillemet /ˈɡɪl.əˌmɛt/ /ˌɡi.(j)əˈmeɪ/ /ˌɡiˈmeɪ/ guillemets n
cudzysłów ostrokątny
Either of the punctuation marks « or », used in several languages to indicate passages of speech. Similar to typical quotation marks used in the English language, such as " (and formerly also “ and ”).

guillotine /ˈɡi(j)əˌtin/ /ˈɡɪlətiːn/ /ˈɡɪləˌtin/ /ˌɡiːjəˈtiːn/ /ˌɡɪləˈtiːn/ guillotines n
gilotyna
(historical, also, figuratively) A machine used for the application of capital punishment by decapitation, consisting of a tall upright frame from which is suspended a heavy diagonal-edged blade which is dropped onto the neck of the person to be executed; also, execution using this machine.
A device used for cutting the pages of books, stacks of paper, etc., to straight edges, usually by means of a hinged or sliding blade attached to a flat platform.

guillotine /ˈɡi(j)əˌtin/ /ˈɡɪlətiːn/ /ˈɡɪləˌtin/ /ˌɡiːjəˈtiːn/ /ˌɡɪləˈtiːn/ v
gilotynować zgilotynować
(also, figuratively) To execute (someone) with a guillotine.
To cut or trim (a body part, a stack of paper, etc.) with a guillotine.

guillotining guillotinings n
gilotynowanie
an execution by guillotine.

guilt /ɡɪlt/ guilts n
wina
Responsibility for wrongdoing.
(law) The state of having been found guilty or admitted guilt in legal proceedings.

guilt-ridden adj
mający poczucie winy
Having a strong sense of guilt.

guilty /ˈɡɪl.ti/ guiltier guiltiest more guilty most guilty adj
winny winien winna
Responsible for a dishonest act.
winny oskarżony
(legal) Judged to have committed a crime.

guilty pleasure guilty pleasures n
grzeszna przyjemność
(idiomatic) Something that brings pleasure but is considered taboo, unadvisable or lowbrow.

guinea /ˈɡɪni/ guineas n
gwinea
(British, historical) A gold coin originally worth twenty shillings; later (from 1717 until the adoption of decimal currency) standardised at a value of twenty-one shillings.

guinea fowl /ˈɡɪni ˌfaʊl/ guinea fowl guinea fowls n
perliczka
Any of several African birds of the family Numididae (6 species) resembling partridges.

guinea pig /ˈɡɪni pɪɡ/ guinea pigs n
świnka morska kawia domowa
A rodent of any of several species within the family Caviidae.
królik doświadczalny
(figuratively) A living experimental subject.

guitar /ɡɪˈtɑɹ/ /ɡɪˈtɑː(ɹ)/ /ˈɡɪ.tɑɹ/ guitars n
gitara
(musical instrument) A stringed musical instrument, of European origin, usually with a fretted fingerboard and six strings, played with the fingers or a plectrum (guitar pick).

guitarist guitarists n
gitarzysta gitarzystka
Someone who plays a guitar.

gulag /-læɡ/ /-ˌlæɡ/ /ɡuːˈlɑk/ /ˈɡuˌlɑɡ/ /ˈɡuːlɑɡ/ gulags n
gułag GUŁag
(historical) Also GULAG: the system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s).

gules /ˈɡjulz/ /ˈɡjuːlz/ /ˈɡulz/ adj
czerwony
(tincture) In blazon, of the colour red.

gulf /ɡɒlf/ /ɡʌlf/ gulfs n
zatoka
(geography) A portion of an ocean or sea extending into the land; a partially landlocked sea
rozbrat rozłam
(figurative) A difference, especially a large difference, between groups.

gull /ˈɡʌl/ gulls n
mewa
A seabird of the genus Larus or of the family Laridae.

gull-billed tern gull-billed terns n
rybitwa krótkodzioba
A medium-sized tern, Gelochelidon nilotica, family Laridae, with a thick stout black bill, found in marshy and coastal habitats throughout the temperate and tropic zones worldwide.

gullet /ˈɡʌl.ət/ /ˈɡʌl.ɪt/ gullets n
przełyk
The throat or esophagus.

gullibility /ˈɡʌləbɪləti/ /ˈɡʌlɪbɪlɪti/ gullibilities n
naiwność, łatwowierność
The quality of readily believing information, truthful or otherwise, usually to an absurd extent.

gullible /ˈɡʌlɪbl̩/ more gullible most gullible adj
naiwny łatwowierny
Easily deceived or duped; naive, easily cheated or fooled.

gum /ɡʌm/ gums n
dziąsło dziąsła
(often, in the plural) The flesh around the teeth.

gum arabic gums arabic n
guma arabska
An edible substance taken from one of two species of sub-Saharan acacia trees, Senegalia senegal and Vachellia seyal, used in the food industry as a stabilizer (e.g. in soda, gumdrops and marshmallows) and other purposes including pharmaceuticals, paints and polishes.

gummi gummis n
żelka
A sugary, gelatinous material used to make candies.

gummy bear gummy bears n
gumiś
A confectionery made of gelatin in the miniature shape of a toy bear

gun /ɡʌn/ guns n
działo armata
(military) A cannon with relatively long barrel, operating with relatively low angle of fire, and having a high muzzle velocity.
pistolet rewolwer
A very portable, short firearm, for hand use, which fires bullets or projectiles, such as a handgun, revolver, pistol, or Derringer.
strzelba
A less portable, long firearm that fires bullets or projectiles; a rifle, either manual, automatic or semi-automatic; a flintlock, musket or shotgun.
(surfing) A long surfboard designed for surfing big waves (not the same as a longboard, a gun has a pointed nose and is generally a little narrower).

gun /ɡʌn/ v
podkręcić
(informal) (gunning for something or gunning to do something) make a great effort.

gun carriage gun carriages n
laweta łoże
A metal or wooden frame on which a piece of ordnance is mounted for firing or transportation.

gun control n
kontrola broni
Laws or policies that restrict the possession, production, or use of firearms by private citizens.

gun dog gun dogs n
aporter
A breed of dog used by hunters to find, flush out and retrieve birds and other game.

gun down v
zastrzelić
(transitive) To kill by means of a firearm, especially deliberately and in a brutal manner.

gun licence gun licences n
pozwolenie na broń

gun-howitzer gun-howitzers n
armatohaubica haubicoarmata
(military) An artillery piece designed both for direct fire and indirect fire at a wide range of angles of elevation, thus capable of fulfilling the roles of a traditional field gun and howitzer.

gunboat gunboats n
kanonierka
(nautical) Any of the various types of small armed vessels.

guncotton guncottons n
bawełna strzelnicza

gunfire /ˈɡʌnfʌɪə/ gunfires n
ogień
Shots from a gun or guns, typically creating loud report.

gunmetal /-ɾ(ə)l/ /ˈɡʌnmɛt(ə)l/ gunmetals n
spiż
An alloy of 88% copper, 10% tin and 2% zinc, originally used for making guns.

gunner /ˈɡʌn.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈɡʌn.ɚ/ gunners n
Arsenalczyk Arsenalka Kanonier Kanonierka
(UK, slang, soccer) A fan of the Arsenal Football Club.

gunpowder /ˈɡʌnˌpaʊdə/ /ˈɡʌnˌpaʊdɚ/ gunpowders n
proch
An explosive mixture of saltpetre (potassium nitrate), charcoal and sulphur; formerly used in gunnery but now mostly used in fireworks.

gunsight gunsights n
celownik
An optical instrument which establishes an optical line or axis for the purpose of aiming a weapon.

gunsmith gunsmiths n
rusznikarz puszkarz
a person skilled in the repair and servicing of firearms.

gunwale /ˈɡʌnəl/ gunwales n
reling
The top edge of the hull of a nautical vessel, where it meets the deck.

guppy /ˈɡʌpi/ guppies n
gupik pawie oczko
A tiny freshwater fish, Poecilia reticulata, popular in home aquariums, that usually has a plain body and black or dark blue tail for the females and a more colorful tail for the males.

gurgle /ˈɡɜː.ɡl̩/ /ˈɡɝ.ɡl̩/ gurgles n
bulgot bulgotanie gaworzenie gulgot
A gurgling sound.

gurgle /ˈɡɜː.ɡl̩/ /ˈɡɝ.ɡl̩/ v
bulgotać gulgotać
To make such a sound.

guru /ɡəˈɹu/ /ɡʊˈɹuː/ /ˈɡu(ˌ)ɹu/ /ˈɡuːɹuː/ /ˈɡʊɹ(ˌ)u/ /ˈɡʊɹuː/ gurus n
guru
In Indian traditions: a spiritual teacher who transmits knowledge to a shishya. [from 17th c.]
(sometimes, humorous) An influential advisor or mentor. [from 20th c.]

gushily more gushily most gushily adv
afektacyjnie

gushiness n
afektacja egzaltacja

gushy gushier gushiest adj
afektacyjny

gusle /ˈɡʊslə/ gusles n
gęśl gęśla gęśle
(musical instrument) A single-stringed lute-like stringed instrument with a bowl-shaped body, held vertically in the lap and played a bow, originating among the Slavic peoples in the Balkans, especially in the Dinarides region.

gusli guslis n
gusli
(musical instrument) A plucked psaltery-like string instrument, usually played on the lap and sometimes created with table legs so that the musician can play it seated next to the instrument, originating in ancient Russian music.

gussy up v
stroić się wystroić się
(informal, intransitive) To don fancy clothing; to dress up particularly in flattering or specially altered garments.

gust /ɡʌst/ gusts n
poryw
A strong, abrupt rush of wind.
zryw
(by extension) Any rush or outburst (of water, emotion, etc.).

gusty /ˈɡʌs.ti/ gustier gustiest adj
porywisty
Of wind: blowing in gusts; blustery; tempestuous.

gut /ɡʊt/ /ɡʌt/ v
bebeszyć wybebeszać wybebeszyć
(transitive) To eviscerate.

gut feeling gut feelings n
przeczucie
(idiomatic) An instinct or intuition; an immediate or basic feeling or reaction without a logical rationale.

guts /ɡʌts/ n
bebechy
The entrails or contents of the abdomen.
(informal) The essential, core parts.

gutta /ˈɡʌtə/ guttae guttas n
gutta
(architectural element) A small water-repelling, cone-shaped projection used in the architrave of the Doric order in classical architecture.

gutter /ˈɡʌt.ə/ /ˈɡʌt.ɚ/ /ˈɡʌt̬.ɚ/ gutters n
rynsztok
A prepared channel in a surface, especially at the side of a road adjacent to a curb, intended for the drainage of water.
The notional locus of things, acts, or events which are distasteful, ill bred or morally questionable.
(figuratively) A low, vulgar state.
rynna
A duct or channel beneath the eaves of a building to carry rain water; eavestrough.

guttural /ˈɡʌtəɹəl/ [ˈɡʌɾɚɫ̩] more guttural most guttural adj
nieartykułowany
Sounding harsh and throaty.
gardłowy
(phonetics) having a place of articulation towards the back of the mouth; in modern use, uvular, pharyngeal, or glottal; in earlier or non-technical use, also including velar.
(medicine, anatomy) Of, relating to, or connected to the throat.

guv guvs n
kierownik kierowniczka
(British, chiefly, London, informal) A form of address to a man, usually a stranger or a superior.

guy /ɡaɪ/ guys n
facet chłop
(colloquial) A man or boy, fellow.
(informal, term of address) Buster, Mack, fella, bud, man.

gybe /d͡ʒaɪb/ gybes n
zwrot przez rufę zwrot z wiatrem
A manoeuvre in which the stern of a sailing vessel crosses the wind, typically resulting in the forceful and sudden sweep of the boom from one side of the vessel to the other.
A sudden shift of a sail's angle, or a sudden change in the direction that a vessel is sailing in.

gym /d͡ʒɪm/ gyms n
siłownia fitness club pakernia pakownia siłka
(weightlifting) A sports facility specialized for lifting weights and exercise.
gimnastyka wuef wychowanie fizyczne
physical education class

gymnasium /d͡ʒɪmˈneɪ.zi.əm/ gymnasia gymnasiums n
siłownia
(formal) A large room or building for indoor sports.
gimnazjum
A type of secondary school in some European countries which typically prepares students for university.

gymnastic /d͡ʒɪmˈnæstɪk/ adj
gimnastyczny
Of or pertaining to gymnastics.

gymnastics /d͡ʒɪmˈnæs.tɪks/ n
gimnastyka
A sport involving the performance of sequences of movements requiring physical strength, flexibility, and kinesthetic awareness.
Complex intellectual or artistic exercises or feats of physical agility.

gymnospermous adj
nagonasienny nagozalążkowy
(botany) Having seeds that are not protected in a capsule
(botany) Of or pertaining to a gymnosperm

gynaeceum gynaecea gynaeceums n
gineceum gyneceum
(Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome) The women's quarters in a household; (hence, loosely) any building or area for women.

gynaeco- /ˌdʒaɪnɪkə/ /ˌɡaɪnɪkə/ prefix
gineko-

gynaecologist /ˌɡaɪ.nəˈkɑː.lə.dʒɪst/ /ˌɡaɪ.nəˈkɒl.ə.dʒɪst/ gynaecologists n
ginekolog
(Australia, British spelling, Commonwealth, dated in US) (Canadian spelling, also common) A physician who specialises in diseases of the female reproductive system.

gynecological more gynecological most gynecological adj
ginekologiczny
(American spelling) Of or pertaining to gynecology.

gynecologically adv
ginekologicznie
In a gynecological context.

gynecology /ˌdʒaɪnɪˈkɒlədʒi/ /ˌd͡ʒaɪnəˈkɑləd͡ʒi/ /ˌɡaɪnəˈkɑləd͡ʒi/ /ˌɡaɪnɪˈkɒlədʒi/ gynecologies n
ginekologia
The study of, or the branch of medicine specializing in, the medical problems of women, especially disorders of the reproductive organs.

gynecomastia /ˌd͡ʒaɪnɪkoʊˈmæstiə/ /ˌd͡ʒaɪnɪkəˈmæstiə/ /ˌɡaɪnɪkoʊˈmæstiə/ /ˌɡaɪnɪkə(ʊ)ˈmæstɪə/ /ˌɡaɪnɪkəˈmæstiə/ gynecomastias n
ginekomastia
(American spelling, diseases) Excessive development of breasts in males, resembling the breast development in women.

gyoza /ˈɡjoʊzə/ /ˈɡjɒzə/ gyoza gyozas n
gyoza
A Japanese crescent-shaped dumpling filled with a minced stuffing and steamed, boiled or fried; the Japanese equivalent of the Chinese jiaozi.

gyp /d͡ʒɪp/ gyps n
kanciarz
(pejorative, sometimes, offensive) A cheat or swindle; a rip-off.

gypsiology n
cyganologia
The study of the life and culture of gypsies.

gypsum /ˈd͡ʒɪp.səm/ gypsa gypsums n
gips
A mineral consisting of hydrated calcium sulphate. When calcinated, it forms plaster of Paris.

gypsum board n
płyta gipsowo-kartonowa płyta karton-gips płyta regipsowa regips
Panels used for drywall construction.

gypsy /ˈd͡ʒɪp.si/ gypsies n
cygan cyganka
(colloquial) An itinerant person or any person, not necessarily Romani; a tinker, a traveller or a carny.

gyrfalcon /ˈdʒɜːfɔːlkən/ /ˈd͡ʒɝˌfælkən/ gyrfalcons n
białozór krzeczot
Falco rusticolus, a large bird of prey that breeds on Arctic coasts and islands of North America, Europe and Asia.

gyro /ˈd͡ʒaɪɹoʊ/ /ˈjiː.ɹoʊ/ /ˈjɪɹoʊ/ /ˈʒɪɹoʊ/ gyros n
giros gyros kebab
A style of Greek sandwich commonly filled with grilled meat, tomato, onions, and tzatziki sauce.

gyro- prefix
giro- żyro-

gyron gyrons n
giron
(heraldiccharge) A triangular form having an angle at the fess point and the opposite side at the edge of the escutcheon.

gyronny adj
promień
(heraldry, of an escutcheon) Covered with gyrons, or divided into several gyrons, typically eight.

gyroscope gyroscopes n
żyroskop
An apparatus composed of a wheel which spins inside of a frame (gimbal) and causes the balancing of the frame in any direction or position. In the form of a gyroscopic stabilizer, used to help keep aircraft and ships steady.

gyroscopic more gyroscopic most gyroscopic adj
żyroskopowy giroskopowy

ha-ha /hɑːˈhɑː/ /ˈhɑˌhɑ/ /ˈhɑːhɑː/ /ˌhɑˈhɑ/ interjection
cha cha ha ha

habenula habenulae habenulæ n
uzdeczka
(neuroanatomy) A circumscript mass of cells in the caudal and dorsal aspect of the dorsal thalamus.

haberdashery haberdasheries n
pasmanteria
Ribbons, buttons, thread, needles and similar sewing goods sold in a haberdasher's shop.
A shop selling such goods.

habilitation /həˌbɪlɪˈteɪʃən/ habilitations n
habilitacja
An academic qualification, prerequiring a PhD, required in order to gain tenure as a professor in some European universities; a thesis or dissertation presented to achieve the qualification.

habit /ˈhæbət/ /ˈhæbɪt/ habits n
zwyczaj nawyk
An action performed on a regular basis.
habit
A long piece of clothing worn by monks and nuns.
nawyk
An action performed repeatedly and automatically, usually without awareness.
nałóg
An addiction.

habitable zone habitable zones n
strefa Złotowłosej
The zone around a star where a planet could experience temperatures like those on Earth, allowing for the possible existence of liquid water and of life.

habitat /ˈhæbɪtæt/ [ˈhæbɪtæʔ] habitats n
siedlisko
A place in which a person lives.

habitation /ˌhæb.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/ /ˌhæb.ɪˈtæɪ.ʃən/ habitations n
zamieszkiwanie
(uncountable) The act of inhabiting; state of inhabiting or dwelling, or of being inhabited; occupancy.
domostwo
(countable) A place of abode; settled dwelling; residence; house.

habituation habituations n
habituacja
The act of habituating, or accustoming; the state of being habituated.

hacienda /ˌ(h)ɑsiˈɛndə/ /ˌhæsiˈɛndə/ haciendas n
hacjenda
A large homestead in a ranch or estate usually in places where Colonial Spanish culture has had architectural influence.

hack /hæk/ v
porąbać rąbać wyrąbać zrąbać
(transitive) To chop or cut down in a rough manner. [circa 12th c.]
hakować włamać się włamywać się zhakować
(transitive, slang, computing) To hack into; to gain unauthorized access to (a computer system, e.g., a website, or network) by manipulating code.
(transitive, slang, computing, by extension) To gain unauthorised access to a computer or online account belonging to (a person or organisation).

hackamore /ˈhækəmɔː/ hackamores n
hackamore
A kind of bridle with no bit.

hackathon /ˈhækəθɒn/ hackathons n
hackathon
(informal) An event where programmers and others meet for collaborative software development.

hackberry hackberries n
wiązowiec
The fruit of these plants.
(uncountable) The wood of these plants.

hacker /hækə/ /hækəɹ/ hackers n
haker
(computing, dated) One who is expert at programming and solving problems with a computer.
hakerka haker
(computer security, telecommunications) One who uses a computer to gain unauthorized access to data stored in, or to carry out malicious attacks on, computer networks or computer systems.

hacksaw hacksaws n
piła do metalu piłka do metalu
A saw, with a blade that is put under tension, for cutting metal

hacktivism n
haktywizm

haddock /ˈhædək/ haddock haddocks n
plamiak łupacz
A marine fish, Melanogrammus aeglefinus, of the North Atlantic, important as a food fish.

hadith [həˈdiːθ] ahadith hadith hadiths n
hadis
(countable, religion, Islam) An eyewitness account of a saying or action of Muhammad or sometimes one of his companions not otherwise found in the Quran.

hadron /ˈhæd.ɹɑn/ /ˈhæd.ɹɒn/ hadrons n
hadron
(particle) A composite particle that comprises two or more quarks held together by the strong force and (consequently) can interact with other particles via said force; a meson or a baryon.

haemato- /hiːmətəʊ/ prefix
hemato- hemo-

haematology /ˌhiməˈtɑləd͡ʒi/ /ˌhiːməˈtɒlədʒi/ n
hematologia
(medicine) The scientific study of blood and blood-producing organs.

haemo- prefix
hemato- hemo-
Pertaining to blood.

haemophilia /ˌhiːməˈfɪliə, -ˈfiːliə/ haemophilias n
hemofilia
(British spelling, pathology) Any of several hereditary illnesses that impair the body's ability to control bleeding, usually passed from mother to son.

haemorrhoids /ˈhɛməɹɔɪdz/ /ˈhɛmɹɔɪdz/ n
hemoroidy
A pathological condition caused by painful masses of dilated veins in swollen anal tissue.

hafnium /ˈhæfniəm/ n
hafn
A chemical element (symbol Hf) with an atomic number of 72: a lustrous, silvery-grey tetravalent transition metal.

hag /hæɡ/ hags n
czarownica wiedźma
A witch, sorceress, or enchantress; a wizard.
baba jędza
(pejorative) An ugly old woman.

hagfish hagfish hagfishes n
śluzica
Any of several primitive eellike fish, of the family Myxinidae, having a sucking mouth with rasping teeth, and sometimes used as food or for eelskin leather.

haggard /ˈhæɡ.əd/ /ˈhæɡ.ɚd/ more haggard most haggard adj
wymizerowany wynędzniały
Looking exhausted, worried, or poor in condition
dzikie nieoswojone
(of an animal) Wild or untamed

haggis /ˈhæɡɪs/ haggises n
haggis
A traditional Scottish dish made from minced sheep offal with oatmeal and spices, etc., originally boiled in the stomach of a sheep but now often in an artificial casing, and usually served with neeps and tatties (mashed swede and potatoes) and accompanied with whisky.

haggle /ˈhæɡəl/ v
targować
(intransitive) To argue for a better deal, especially over prices with a seller.

haggler hagglers n
targacz
A person who haggles.

hagiographer /ˌheɪd͡ʒi-/ /ˌheɪɡi-/ /ˌhæɡiˈɑɡɹəfɚ/ /ˌhæɡiˈɒɡɹəfə/ hagiographers n
hagiograf
Someone who writes the biography of a saint.

haha interjection
ha ha he he hi hi

haiku /haɪˈku/ /ˈhaɪ.ku/ /ˈhaɪ.kuː/ haiku haikus n
haiku
A Japanese poem in three lines, the first and last consisting of five morae, and the second consisting of seven morae, usually with an emphasis on the season or a naturalistic theme.

hail /heɪl/ [heɪ̯ɫ] hails n
grad
(meteorology, uncountable) Balls or pieces of ice falling as precipitation, often in connection with a thunderstorm.

hail /heɪl/ [heɪ̯ɫ] v
grad pada
(impersonal) For hailstones to fall from the sky.

hail storm hail storms n
burza z gradami
A storm characterized by lots of large hail.

hailstone hailstones n
gradowina gradzina kulka gradu
A single ball of hail, or solid precipitation

hair /heː/ /hɛ(ə)ɹ/ /hɛə/ /hɛː/ /hɛːə/ [hiə] [hɛɚ] hairs n
włos włosy
(countable) A pigmented filament of keratin which grows from a follicle on the skin of humans and other mammals.
(uncountable) The collection or mass of such growths growing from the skin of humans and animals, and forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole body.

hair conditioner hair conditioners n
odżywka do włosów
(cosmetics) A type of shampoo product that aims to improve the condition of the hair, especially after washing.

hair dye hair dyes n
farba do włosów
Any of various materials used to dye hair on the head.

hair gel hair gels n
żel do włosów
A hairstyling product in gel form that hardens the hair, so it stays in a certain hairstyle.

hair loss n
utrata włosów wypadanie włosów łysienie
(medicine, dermatology) Loss of hair from the head or body due to a medical condition.

hair of the dog n
klin
(idiomatic) An alcoholic drink, particularly when taken the morning after to cure a hangover.

hair roller hair rollers n
wałek do włosów
A small tube that is rolled into a person's hair in order to curl it, making a new hairstyle.

hair salon hair salons n
zakład fryzjerski
The establishment of a beautician or barber.

hair's breadth hairs' breadths n
piczy włos
(idiom) A very small amount or distance.

hairball hairballs n
kłak zakłaczenie
A small wad of fur or mass of hair formed in the digestive system of a cat or other animal, from hair ingested while grooming.

hairbrush hairbrushes n
szczotka do włosów
A brush used in hair care for brushing, tidying, and detangling hair

haircut /ˈhɛə(ɹ)kʌt/ haircuts n
strzyżenie
The act of cutting of the hair, often done professionally by a barber, hair stylist, or beautician.

hairdresser hairdressers n
fryzjer fryzjerka golibroda
A person who cuts or styles hair as an occupation or profession.

hairdryer hairdryers n
suszarka
(chiefly, _, UK) A small electrical appliance for drying hair, by generating a stream of hot air.

hairgrip hairgrips n
wsuwka
A flat hairpin having two prongs that hold bobbed hair together.

hairless adj
bezwłosy
Destitute of hair.

hairpiece hairpieces n
tresa treska
A false substitute for a person's hair; a toupee or wig.

hairpin /ˈhɛə.pɪn/ /ˈhɛɚ.pɪn/ hairpins n
spinka do włosów spinka
A pin or fastener for the hair.

hairpin bend hairpin bends n
ostry zakręt
An acute curve, often one of a series, in a road, especially on a steep incline.

hairstyle hairstyles n
fryzura
The style in which someone's hair has been cut and arranged.

hairy /ˈhɛə.ɹi/ /ˈhɛɚ.i/ hairier hairiest adj
owłosiony włochaty
(of a person) Having a lot of hair on the body.
włochaty
(of an animal) Having a lot of fur.
owłosiony zarośnięty
(of a body part other than the head) Having hair growing from it.
ryzykowny trudny
(informal) Difficult, complex, intricate, or intimidating.

hajduk hajduks n
hajduk
(historical) An outlaw, highwayman, or freedom fighter in the Balkans.
(archaic) A mercenary foot soldier in Hungary.

hajj /hæd͡ʒ/ /hɑːd͡ʒ/ /hʌd͡ʒ/ hajjes n
hadż hadżdż
(Islam) The pilgrimage to Mecca made by pious Muslims; one of the five pillars of Islam.

hake /heɪk/ hake hakes n
morszczuk
One of several species of marine gadoid fishes, of the genera Phycis, Merluccius, and allies.

halachic more halachic most halachic adj
halachiczny
Of or pertaining to Halacha (Jewish law).

halation /həˈleɪʃən/ halations n
halo
The blurring of light around a bright area of a photographic image, or on a television screen.

halberd /ˈhæl.bɚd/ /ˈhælbəd/ /ˈhælbɜːd/ /ˈhɑl.bɚd/ /ˈhɔl.bɚd/ halberds n
halabarda
A two-handed pole weapon, consisting of a long pole with an axe-like blade mounted on it (at a right angle like an axe, not on the tip like a spear), and (opposite the blade) typically a spike or hook.

half /haf/ /häf/ /hæf/ /hɐːf/ /hɑːf/ adj
połowiczny pół- pół
Consisting of some indefinite portion resembling a half; approximately a half, whether more or less; partial; imperfect.
przyrodni pół
(of a sibling) Having one parent (rather than two) in common.

half /haf/ /häf/ /hæf/ /hɐːf/ /hɑːf/ halves n
połowa pół
One of two usually roughly equal parts into which anything may be divided, or considered as divided.
(preceded by “a” or a number) The fraction obtained by dividing 1 by 2.
połówka
Half of a standard measure, chiefly: (British) half a pint of beer or cider. (Refusing a pint) Just a half, thank you. (Offering to top up a pint glass) Do you want a half in that? (Minimizing the amount of drink taken) A swift half at the Pear Tree.

half a loaf is better than none proverb
lepszy rydz niż nic

half brother /ˌhæfˈbɹʌðɚ/ half brethren half brothers n
przyrodni brat
A male sibling sharing a single parent, as distinguished from a full brother or brother-german, from a step-brother, or from a brother-like figure such as a blood brother.

half marathon half marathons n
półmaraton
A running race over the distance of 21.0975 km, half the length of a marathon.

half orphan half orphans n
półsierota
A person, especially a child, with only one living parent.

half past /ˈhæf ˌpæst/ /ˈhæˌpæst/ /ˈhɑːf ˌpɑːst/ /ˈhɑːpəs(t)/ /ˈhɑːˌpɑːst/ n
wpół do drugiej
Thirty minutes past any hour.

half sibling half siblings n
rodzeństwo przyrodnie
A sibling sharing a single parent, as distinguished from a full sibling or sibling-german, from a step-sibling, or from a sibling-like figure such as a blood sibling.

half sister half sisters n
siostra przyrodnia
A female sibling sharing a single parent.

half smile half smiles n
półuśmiech
A short-lived, partial, or seemingly uncertain smile.

half the battle phraseologicalUnit
połowa sukcesu

half the story phraseologicalUnit
połowa historii

half-ass /ˈhæfæs/ more half-ass most half-ass adj
na pół gwizdka
(vulgar) Produced in an incompetent or desultory manner, or of something lacking in quality or substance; of low rank; incompetent.

half-awake adj
półprzytomny
Barely awake.

half-century half-centuries n
półwiecze
A period of fifty years, half of a century.

half-elf half-elves n
półelf
(fantasy) A person who is half elven and half human by birth.

half-forgotten adj
na wpół zapomniany
Not completely forgotten.

half-hour half-hours n
pół godziny
A period of time equal to thirty minutes, half an hour.

half-jokingly adv
pół żartem, pół serio półżartem
With an element of jest, but fundamentally in earnest.

half-landing half-landings n
półpiętro
A small landing between two flights of stairs that connect adjacent floors of a building.

half-length adj
pół długości
Half the normal length.
pokazujący połowę ciała
(arts, of a portrait, a sculpture or a photograph) Depicting only the upper half of the subject.

half-life /ˈhæfˌlaɪf/ half-lives n
czas połowicznego rozpadu okres połowicznego rozpadu
(physics) The time required for half the nuclei in a sample of an isotope to undergo radioactive decay.

half-measure half-measures n
półśrodek

half-moon half-moons n
półksiężyc
The moon in its first or last quarter when only half the visible face is illuminated; a quarter moon.
Anything shaped like a crescent, especially the base of a fingernail.

half-naked adj
półgoły półnagi
With very few clothes on.

half-open adj
półotwarty
partially open; ajar

half-plane half-planes n
półpłaszczyzna
(mathematics) Either half of an infinite plane (divided by a straight line)

half-truth half-truths n
półprawda
A deceptive statement, especially one that is only partly true, is incomplete, misrepresents reality by telling part of the truth, or alters the time sequence of truths.

half-year half-years n
półrocze
The period of time equal to half a year; normally referred to as 6 months, but a half-year is more exactly 182.5 days (without a leap day)

halfdead adj
półumarły
Halfway dead; only partially alive.

halfhearted more halfhearted most halfhearted adj
na pół gwizdka
Lacking full energy, effort, commitment, or resolve.

halfheartedly more halfheartedly most halfheartedly adv
na pół gwizdka
Without enthusiasm or interest.

halfling halflings n
niziołek niziołki
(fantasy) A fictional small humanoid creature featuring in fantasy fiction; a hobbit.

halfpenny /ˈheɪp(ə)ni/ /ˈhɑːfˌpɛni/ halfpence halfpennies n
półpensówka
(plural: halfpennies) (historical) A discontinued British coin worth half of one penny (old or new).

halfsleep halfsleeps n
półsenny
State between being awake and being asleep; light sleep.

halfway /hæfweɪ/ /hɑːfˈweɪ/ adv
w połowie drogi w pół drogi
Half of the way between two points; midway.

halibut /ˈhæ.lɪ.bət/ /ˈhɒ.lɪ.bət/ halibut halibuts n
halibut kulbak
A large flatfish of the genus Hippoglossus, which sometimes leaves the ocean floor and swims vertically.

halite /ˈheɪ.laɪt/ /ˈhæl.aɪt/ halites n
halit
(mineral) Native salt; sodium chloride NaCl as a mineral; rock salt.

halitosis /hæl.ɪˈtoʊ.sɪs/ /hæl.ɪˈtəʉ.sɪs/ /hæl.ɪˈtəʊ.sɪs/ halitoses n
cuchnący oddech
(pathology) The condition of having stale or foul-smelling breath.

hall /hɑl/ /hɔl/ /hɔːl/ halls n
hol przedpokój sala
A corridor; a hallway.
sala hala
A large meeting room.
rezydencja
A manor house (originally because a magistrate's court was held in the hall of his mansion).

hall of fame halls of fame n
galeria sław
(usually, capitalized, often, _, sports) A structure housing memorials to famous or illustrious individuals (especially ones of importance to some field), often containing a collection of memorabilia relating to them.

hall of mirrors halls of mirrors n
gabinet luster
A carnival attraction with curved mirrors (funhouse mirrors) that distort the viewer's appearance.

hall of residence halls of residence n
akademik dom akademicki
(UK) A building for college or university students to live in.

hallelujah /ˌhæl.əˈl(j)uː.jə/ interjection
alleluja hosanna
An exclamation used in songs of praise or thanksgiving to God.

hallelujah /ˌhæl.əˈl(j)uː.jə/ hallelujahs n
alleluja
(music) A song of praise to God; a musical composition based on the word "Hallelujah".

hallmark /ˈhɔlmɑɹk/ /ˈhɔːlmɑːk/ hallmarks n
cecha probiercza próba
An official marking made by a trusted party, usually an assay office, on items made of precious metals.

hallow /ˈhæloʊ/ /ˈhæləʊ/ /ˈhɑloʊ/ v
poświęcać święcić
(transitive) To make holy, to sanctify.

hallucination /həˌluːsɪˈneɪʃən/ hallucinations n
halucynacja
A sensory perception of something that does not exist, often arising from disorder of the nervous system, as in delirium tremens.

hallucinogen /həˈluː.sɪ.nə.d͡ʒɛn/ /ˌhæl.uːˈsɪn.ə.dʒən/ hallucinogens n
halucynogen
Any substance tending to induce hallucination.

hallucinogenic /həˌlusənəˈd͡ʒɛnɪk/ /həˌlusɪnəˈd͡ʒɛnɪk/ /həˌluːsɪnəˈdʒɛnɪk/ more hallucinogenic most hallucinogenic adj
halucynogenny
producing hallucinations

halmos n
znak końca dowodu

halo /ˈheɪloʊ/ /ˈheɪləʊ/ haloes halos n
halo aureola
A circular band of coloured light, visible around the sun or moon etc., caused by reflection and refraction of light by ice crystals in the atmosphere.
halo
Anything resembling this band, such as an effect caused by imperfect developing of photographs.
aureola gloria nimb nimbus
(religion) nimbus, a luminous disc, often of gold, around or over the heads of saints, etc., in religious paintings.
halo aureola gloria nimb
The metaphorical aura of glory, veneration or sentiment which surrounds an idealized entity.

halo- /ˈhæləʊ/ prefix
hali- halo-
sea, salt, salt water

halogen /ˈheɪ.lə.d͡ʒən/ /ˈhæl.ə.d͡ʒən/ halogens n
halogen fluorowiec
(chemistry) Any element of group 17, i.e. fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, astatine and tennessine.

halophilic adj
słonolubny
Of, or relating to a halophile; living and thriving in an environment of high salinity.

halophyte halophytes n
halofit słonorośl słonorośle
(botany) Any plant that tolerates an environment having a high salt content

halotherapy /ˌheɪləʊˈθɛɹəpi/ n
haloterapia
Therapy, such as hydrotherapy, which makes use of salt or saltwater.

halt /hɑlt/ /hɒlt/ /hɔlt/ /hɔːlt/ v
odkładać na półkę
(intransitive) To stop either temporarily or permanently.

halter /ˈhɔltɚ/ /ˈhɔːltə/ halters n
kantar uzda
A bitless headpiece of rope or straps, placed on the head of animals such as cattle or horses to lead or tie them.

halting problem halting problems n
problem stopu
(computer science) The problem of deciding in finite time whether a given program will finish running in finite time, when given a certain finite input.

halva /hɑːlˈvɑː/ /ˈhɑːlvɑː/ halvas n
chałwa
A confection usually made from crushed sesame seeds and honey. It is a traditional dessert in South Asia, the Mediterranean and the Middle East.

halve /hæv/ /hɑːv/ v
połowić
(transitive) To divide into two halves.

halyard /ˈhæljɑː(ɹ)d/ /ˈhæljə(ɹ)d/ halyards n
fał
(nautical) A rope used to raise or lower a sail, flag, spar or yard.

ham /ˈhæm/ /ˈhæːm/ hams n
golonka szynka
(anatomy) The region back of the knee joint; the popliteal space; the hock.
kabotyn
(acting) An overacting or amateurish performer; an actor with an especially showy or exaggerated style.
szynka
(countable) A thigh and buttock of an animal slaughtered for meat.
(uncountable) Meat from the thigh of a hog cured for food.
The back of the thigh.
radioamator
(radio) An amateur radio operator.

ham hock ham hocks n
golonka

hamartia /həˈmɑː.ti.ə/ /ˌhæˌmɑɹˈtiː.ə/ /ˌhɑːˌmɑɹˈtiː.ə/ hamartias n
Hamartia
(Greek, _, drama) The tragic flaw of the protagonist in a literary tragedy.

hamartoma hamartomas hamartomata n
błędniak hamartoma
(pathology) A benign mass of disorganized tissue.

hambeast hambeasts n
baleron baryła

hamburger /ˈhæm.bə.ɡə/ /ˈhæm.bɚ.ɡɚ/ /ˈhæmˌbɜː.ɡə/ /ˈhæmˌbɝ.ɡɚ/ hamburgers n
hamburger
The patty used in such a sandwich.

hamlet /ˈhæm.lət/ /ˈhæm.lɪt/ hamlets n
przysiółek sioło
A small village or a group of houses.

hammer /ˈhæm.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈhæm.ɚ/ hammers n
młotek młot
A tool with a heavy head and a handle used for pounding.
kurek młot
(firearms) A moving part of a firearm that strikes the firing pin to discharge a gun.
młoteczek młotek młot
(anatomy) The malleus, a small bone of the middle ear.
młot młotek
(music) In a piano or dulcimer, a piece of wood covered in felt that strikes the string.
(sports) A device made of a heavy steel ball attached to a length of wire, and used for throwing.
Part of a clock that strikes upon a bell to indicate the hour.

hammer and sickle hammers and sickles n
sierp i młot
A depiction of a sickle crossed with a hammer, used as a symbol of communism and the Soviet Union.

hammer price hammer prices n
najwyższa oferta
The amount of the highest bid at an auction, accepted by the striking of the auctioneer's gavel.

hammer throw hammer throws n
rzut młotem
An athletic throwing event where the object to be thrown is a heavy steel ball attached with wire (maximum length 4 ft (1.22 m)) to a handle.

hammer thrower hammer throwers n
młociarz młociarka
(athletics) An athlete who competes in the hammer throw.

hammerhead hammerheads n
bijak rekin młot
(zoology) Any of various sharks of the genera Sphyrna or Zygaena having the eyes set on projections from the sides of the head, which gives it a hammer shape.
bijak
A turn-around; a parking area constructed in a subdivision for initial access and construction.

hammerhead shark hammerhead sharks n
głowomłot rekin młot
Any of various sharks of the genus Sphyrna having the eyes set on projections (cephalofoils) from the sides of the head, which gives it a hammer shape.

hammerless adj
bezkurkowy
(firearms) Without a visible hammer; said of a gun having a cock or striker concealed from sight, and out of the way of an accidental touch.

hammock /ˈhæmək/ /ˈhæmɪk/ hammocks n
hamak
A swinging couch or bed, usually made of netting or canvas about six feet wide, suspended by clews or cords at the ends.

hammy hammier hammiest adj
szynkowy
Resembling or characteristic of ham.
przesadny
Amateurish; characterized by overacting.

hamper /ˈhæm.pə/ /ˈhæm.pɚ/ hampers n
przeszkoda zawada
A shackle; a fetter; anything which impedes.

hamper /ˈhæm.pə/ /ˈhæm.pɚ/ v
spętać ujarzmić usidlić uwięzić
(transitive) To put a hamper or fetter on; to shackle.

hamsa /ˈhæm.sə/ /ˈhɑm.sə/ hamsas n
chamsa
The Hand of Fatima.

hamster /ˈhæm(p)stɚ/ hamsters n
chomik
Any of various Old-World rodent species belonging to the subfamily Cricetinae.

hamza hamzas n
hamza
A sign (ء‎ - a stand-alone hamza) used in the written Arabic language representing a glottal stop. Hamza may appear as a stand-alone letter or most commonly diacritically over or under other letters, e.g. أ‎ (over an alif - ا‎), إ‎ (under an alif), ؤ‎ (over a wāw - و‎) or ئ‎ (over a dotless yāʾ - ى‎). The exact seat of hamza is governed by an orthographic rule - "seat of hamza rule".

hand /hænd/ [heənd] [hɛənd] [hɛːnd] hands n
ręka dłoń
The part of the forelimb below the forearm or wrist in a human, and the corresponding part in many other animals.
kiść
A limb of certain animals, such as the foot of a hawk, or any one of the four extremities of a monkey.
wskazówka
An index or pointer on a dial; such as the hour and minute hands on the face of an analog clock, which are used to indicate the time of day.
ręka
(card games) The set of cards held by a player.

hand cannon hand cannons n
rusznica
An early firearm that required manual ignition through a touch hole.

hand cream hand creams n
krem do rąk
A cosmetic cream used to moisturize the hands.

hand fan hand fans n
wachlarz
A hand-held device designed to be waved back and forth in order to induce airflow for the purpose of cooling the user.

hand grenade /ˈhænd.ɡɚˈneɪd/ /ˈhænd.ɡɹəˈneɪd/ hand grenades n
granat ręczny
(military) A small hand-held explosive device designed to be thrown at an enemy.

hand in hand /ˌhændɪnˈhænd/ adv
ręka w rękę
Holding or clasping hands.

hand job hand jobs n
hand job
(slang) The act of using the hands to stimulate another person's penis.

hand out v
rozdawać rozdać
(transitive) To distribute; to give out. [from 17th c.]

hand over v
przekazać przekazywać
(transitive, idiomatic) To relinquish control or possession of something to someone.

hand puppet hand puppets n
pacynka
A puppet operated by the hand, especially one in which the puppeteer's hand occupies and controls the head

hand sanitizer /ˈhænd ˌsænətaɪzɚ/ /ˈhænd ˌsænɪtaɪzɚ/ hand sanitizers n
płyn do dezynfekcji rąk
A disinfecting liquid, most often based on ethyl alcohol, used as an alternative to washing the hands with soap and water.

hand truck hand trucks n
młynarka wózek transportowy
(North America) An L-shaped box-moving handcart with handles at one end, wheels at the base, with a small ledge to set objects on, flat against the floor when the hand-truck is upright. It makes otherwise bulky and heavy objects easier to move.

hand-to-mouth adj
z dnia na dzień

handbag /ˈhæm.bəɡ/ /ˈhændˌbæɡ/ handbags n
torebka
(now, rare) A small bag carried in the hand, used either when travelling or to carry tools for a specific job. [from 19th c.]

handball handballs n
piłka ręczna szczypiorniak
(uncountable) A team sport where two teams of seven players each (six players and a goalkeeper) pass and bounce a ball trying to throw it in the goal of the opposing team.
ręka
(countable, Australian Rules Football) An act of passing a football by holding it with one hand and hitting it with the other.

handball player handball players n
piłkarz ręczny szczypiornista
A person who plays handball, especially professionally.

handbell handbells n
dzwonek z rączką
(music) A small bell designed to be rung by hand.

handbook handbooks n
podręcznik
A topically organized book of reference on a certain field of knowledge, regardless of size.

handbrake handbrakes n
hamulec ręczny
(mechanical engineering, automotive, railroading) The mechanism, particularly the locking hand-operated lever or foot-operated toggle lever in a motorcar or the hand-operated crank on a railcar, which is used to set and release such a brake.

handcart handcarts n
taczka wózek ręczny
A cart designed to be pulled or pushed by hand (as opposed to with a beast of burden.)

handcuff /ˈhændˌkʌf/ handcuffs n
kajdanki
(rarely singular) One ring of a locking fetter for the hand or one pair.

handcuff /ˈhændˌkʌf/ v
skuwać skuć zakuwać zakuć
To apply handcuffs to

handcuffs n
kajdanki
A fastening consisting of two metal rings, designed to go around a person's wrists, and connected by a chain or hinge.

handful /ˈhæn(d)fəl/ /ˈhæn(d)fʊl/ handfuls handsful n
garść garstka
The amount that a hand will grasp or contain.
garstka garść
A small number, usually approximately five.
trudne do zniesienia
(informal) Something which can only be managed with difficulty.

handicap /ˈhændikæp/ handicaps n
fory upośledzenie
(sports) An allowance of a certain amount of time or distance in starting, granted in a race (or other contest of skill) to the competitor possessing disadvantages; or an additional weight or other hindrance imposed upon the one possessing advantages, in order to equalize, as much as possible, the chances of success.
upośledzenie
(sometimes considered offensive) The disadvantage itself, in particular physical or mental disadvantages of people.

handicapped more handicapped most handicapped adj
niepełnosprawny
Having a handicap.

handicraft /ˈhændɪkɹæft/ /ˈhændɪkɹɑːft/ handicrafts n
rzemiosło rękodzieło
A trade requiring skill of hand; manual occupation; handcraft.

handkerchief /ˈheɪŋkɚt͡ʃɪf/ /ˈhæŋkətʃiːf/ /ˈhæŋkətʃɪf/ /ˈhæŋkɚt͡ʃɪf/ handkerchiefs handkerchieves n
chusteczka chusteczka do nosa
A piece of cloth, usually square and often fine and elegant, carried for wiping the face, eyes, nose or hands.

handle /ˈhæn.dl̩/ /ˈhɛən.dl̩/ handles n
uchwyt rączka rękojeść trzonek gałka
The part of an object which is (designed to be) held in the hand when used or moved.
klamka
(gambling) The gross amount of wagering within a given period of time or for a given event at one of more establishments.
uchwyt
(computing) A reference to an object or structure that can be stored in a variable.

handle with kid gloves v
cackać się obcyndalać się patyczkować się
(idiomatic) To treat something very delicately or carefully.

handlebar /ˈhændəlbɑː/ /ˈhændəlbɑːɹ/ handlebars n
kierownica
(mostly, in the plural) The bar used to steer a bicycle, motorbike, or similar vehicle using the hands.

handless /ˈhændləs/ more handless most handless adj
bezręki
Without a hand.

handling /ˈhændlɪŋ/ /ˈhændl̩ɪŋ/ handlings n
paserstwo
A criminal offence, the trade in stolen goods.

handmade /ˈhændˌmeɪd/ /ˌhændˈmeɪd/ adj
wykonany ręcznie
Made by hand; manufactured manually.

handout /ˈhændaʊt/ handouts n
zapomoga
A gift to the poor or needy.

handpick v
dobierać dobrać
To select carefully and with individual attention.

handrail handrails n
poręcz
A rail which can be held, such as on the side of a staircase, ramp or other walkway, and serving as a support or guard.

hands down more hands down most hands down adv
bez dwóch zdań
(idiomatic) without question; undoubtedly

hands up interjection
ręce do góry!
(idiomatic) Surrender (by raising your hands)!

handsaw handsaws n
piła
A saw small enough to be used by one hand.

handset /ˈhæn(d)sɛt/ handsets n
aparat słuchawka
The part of a landline telephone containing both receiver and transmitter (and sometimes dial), held in the hand.

handshake handshakes n
uścisk dłoni uścisk ręki
The grasping of hands by two people when greeting, leave-taking, or making an agreement.

handsome /ˈhæn.səm/ /ˈhænd.səm/ /ˈhænt.səm/ handsomer handsomest more handsome most handsome adj
przystojny piękny
Of a man or boy: attractively manly, having a pleasing face and overall effect.

handsomeness /ˈhænsəmnəs/ handsomenesses n
przystojność
The quality of being handsome.

handspan handspans n
piędź
The distance between the outstretched tips of the little finger and thumb when used as a unit of measurement.

handspike handspikes n
handszpak
A bar or lever, generally of wood, used in a windlass or capstan, for heaving anchor, and, in modified forms, for various purposes.

handspring handsprings n
przerzut
A somersault made with the assistance of the hands placed upon the ground.

handstaff handstaffs handstaves n
dzierżak
The part of a flail that is held in the hand.

handstitched adj
ręcznie szyty

handsy /ˈhæn(d)zi/ handsier handsiest adj
macać
(informal) Prone to touching other people with one's hands, especially inappropriately.

handwashing handwashings n
mycie rąk
Washing of one's hands.

handwriting /ˈhændɹaɪtɪŋ/ handwritings n
rękopis
Text that was written by hand.
pismo
The characteristic writing of a particular person.

handwritten adj
odręczny
written with a pen or pencil, as opposed to typed

handy /ˈhæn.di/ handier handiest adj
wygodny dogodny
Easy to use, useful.
podręczny
Nearby, within reach.

handyman /ˈhændimæn/ handymen n
majster-klepka złota rączka
(informal) A person who does small tasks and odd jobs

hang /hæŋ/ [heɪŋ] v
wisieć powiesić
(intransitive) To be or remain suspended.
wisieć
(intransitive) To float, as if suspended.
wieszać powiesić
(transitive) To hold or bear in a suspended or inclined manner or position instead of erect.
wisieć zawisnąć
(transitive) To cause (something) to be suspended, as from a hook, hanger, hinges, or the like.
(transitive) To prevent from reaching a decision, especially by refusing to join in a verdict that must be unanimous.
powiesić wieszać zawiesić
(intransitive, legal) To be executed by suspension by one's neck from a gallows, a tree, or other raised bar, attached by a rope tied into a noose.
powiesić sterczeć wieszać
(intransitive, informal) To loiter; to hang around; to spend time idly.
wieszać
(transitive) To exhibit (an object) by hanging.
(transitive) To apply (wallpaper or drywall to a wall).
obwiesić obwieszać
(transitive) To decorate (something) with hanging objects.
zawiesić się zawieszać zawieszać się zawisieć
(transitive, computing) To cause (a program or computer) to stop responding.
powiesić wieszać wisieć podstawiać podstawić wisieć się
(transitive, chess) To cause (a piece) to become vulnerable to capture.

hang by a thread v
wisieć na włosku
(idiom) To be in danger, calling for precise caution; to be in a precarious situation.

hang glider /hæŋ ˈɡlaɪdə(ɹ)/ [heɪŋ ˈɡlaɪdɚ] hang gliders n
lotnia
An unpowered aircraft resembling a large kite from which a rider is suspended in a harness.
lotniarz
The rider of such a craft.

hang gliding /hæŋ ˈɡlɑɪdɪŋ/ [heɪŋ ˈɡlaɪdɪŋ] n
lotniarstwo
The sport of flying in a hang glider.

hang out /ˈhæŋ ˈaʊt/ v
przesiadywać
(dated, informal) To be unyielding; to hold out.

hang out to dry v
zostawić kogoś na lodzie
(transitive, idiomatic) To abandon someone who is in need or in danger, especially a colleague or one dependent.

hang up v
odkładać odłożyć
(intransitive, idiomatic) To terminate a telephone call.

hang up one's boots v
odchodzić z zawodu odejść z zawodu
(idiomatic) retire, call it a day

hangar /ˈhæŋə/ /ˈhæŋɚ/ hangars n
hangar
A large garage-like structure where aircraft are kept.

hanger /ˈhæŋ.ə/ /ˈhæŋ.ɚ/ [ˈheɪŋ.ɚ] hangers n
wieszak
One who hangs, or causes to be hanged; a hangman, paper hanger, etc.

hanging /ˈhæŋ.ɪŋ/ hangings n
powieszenie
(countable, uncountable) The act of hanging a person (or oneself) by the neck in order to kill that person (or to commit suicide).
(countable) Anything that is hung as a decorative element (such as curtains, gobelins, or posters).

hangman hangmen n
kat
(countable) An executioner responsible for hanging criminals.
wisielec
(uncountable, games) A guessing game where one has to guess the word an opponent is thinking of by guessing one letter at a time, and involving the gradual drawing of a stick figure hanging from the gallows.

hangman's noose hangman's nooses n
wisielcza pętla
A kind of knot used primarily to execute a person by hanging.

hangnail /ˈhæŋneɪl/ [heɪŋneɪ̯ɫ] hangnails n
skórka zadzior
A loose, narrow strip of nail tissue protruding from the side edge and anchored near the base of a fingernail or toenail.

hangover /ˈhæŋoʊvɚ/ /ˈhæŋəʊvə/ hangovers n
kac tupot białych mew
Negative effects, such as headache or nausea, caused by previous drunkenness due to (excessive) consumption of alcohol.

hanukkiah hanukkiahs hanukkiot hanukkioth n
chanukija
(Judaism) A nine-branched menorah used during Hanukkah.

hapax legomenon /ˌhæ.pæks ləˈɡɑ.məˌnɑn/ /ˌhæ.pæks ləˈɡɒ.məˌnɒn/ hapax legomena n
hapax legomenon hapaks legomenon
(linguistics) A word occurring only once in a given corpus.

haphazard /ˌhæpˈhæz.əd/ /ˌhæpˈhæz.ɚd/ more haphazard most haphazard adj
chaotyczny
Random; chaotic; incomplete; not thorough, constant, or consistent.

haplo- /hæploʊ-/ prefix
haplo-

haplogroup haplogroups n
haplogrupa
(genetics) A group of closely related haplotypes.

haploid adj
haploidalny
(genetics) Having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.

haploid haploids n
haploid
A cell which is haploid.

haplology /hæˈplɒləd͡ʒi/ haplologies n
haplologia
(phonology, uncountable) The process of deleting one of two almost identical syllables within a word.
(phonology, countable) An instance of deleting one of two almost identical syllables within a word.

happen /ˈhæpən/ v
dziać stać trafiać trafić wydarzać wydarzyć
(transitive, archaic) To happen to; to befall.
przypadkiem
(intransitive, _, or, _, impersonal, with infinitive) To do or occur by chance or unexpectedly.

happening /ˈhæpnɪŋ/ /ˈhæpənɪŋ/ /ˈhæpɪnɪŋ/ [hæpnɪn] happenings n
zdarzenie
Something that happens.
happening
(originally, arts) A spontaneous or improvised event, especially one that involves audience participation.

happily /ˈhæp.ə.li/ happilier happiliest more happily most happily adv
szczęśliwie
In a happy or cheerful manner; with happiness.
By good chance; fortunately, successfully.

happily ever after adv
i żyli długo i szczęśliwie
(idiomatic, often preceded by "they lived") Happily until death; used in a formulaic ending for fairy tales.

happiness /ˈhæpinəs/ /ˈhæpinɪs/ happinesses n
szczęście radość
(uncountable) The emotion of being happy; joy.
szczęście
(archaic, uncountable) prosperity, thriving, wellbeing.
(archaic, uncountable) Good luck; good fortune.

happy /ˈhæpi/ happier happiest more happy most happy adj
szczęśliwy radosny
Having a feeling arising from a consciousness of well-being or of enjoyment; enjoying good of any kind, such as comfort, peace, or tranquillity; blissful, contented, joyous.
szczęśliwy
Experiencing the effect of favourable fortune; favored by fortune or luck; fortunate, lucky, propitious.
zadowolony
Content, willing, satisfied (with or to do something); having no objection (to something).

happy Easter phraseologicalUnit
Wesołych Świąt Wesołego Alleluja wesołego jajka
An expression used during Easter to wish someone a happy time.

happy New Year phraseologicalUnit
do siego roku szczęśliwego Nowego Roku
A wish said around the start of a new year to wish someone well for the New Year (holiday) or for the (entire) new year.

happy Valentine's Day phraseologicalUnit
szczęśliwych walentynek

happy as a clam adj
cały w skowronkach
(simile) Very happy and carefree.

happy as a pig in shit adj
cieszy się jak łysy w pokrzywach cieszy się, jakby mu kto w kieszeń nakakał
(chiefly, UK, and, Ireland, idiomatic, vulgar, simile) Extremely happy; obviously satisfied and carefree.

happy birthday /ˈhæp.i ˈbɜːθ.deɪ/ /ˈhæp.i ˈbɝθˌdeɪ/ interjection
wszystkiego najlepszego z okazji urodzin sto lat wszystkiego najlepszego
Said or written to a person who is celebrating their birthday in order to convey the good wishes of the speaker or writer (literally, "may you have a happy birthday")

happy ending happy endings n
happy end
(literature) A clichéd conclusion in which all loose ends are tied up and all main characters are content.
(vulgar, slang, euphemistic) A hand job, especially one provided by the masseuse to the client at or towards the end of a massage.

happy holidays phraseologicalUnit
Wesołych Świąt
(US, Canada) A greeting used during the Christmas and winter holiday season to recognize the celebration of many holidays, sometimes starting with Thanksgiving and including Hanukkah, the winter solstice, Christmas, Kwanzaa, and New Year's Day.

happy hour happy hours n
happy hour
A time of day, usually in the afternoon or early evening, when a bar or pub offers its drinks at a discounted price.

happy hunting ground happy hunting grounds n
kraina wiecznych łowów
(often, in plural) A Native American idea of the afterlife, conceived of as a paradise in which hunting is plentiful and game unlimited.

happy-go-lucky happy-go-luckier happy-go-luckiest adj
beztroski luzacki niefrasobliwy
carefree or untroubled

haptic /ˈhæptɪk/ adj
dotykowy haptyczny
Of or relating to the sense of touch.

harass /həˈɹæs/ /ˈhæɹəs/ v
dręczyć gnębić nękać prześladować
To annoy (someone) frequently or systematically; to pester.

harassment /-mɪnt/ /həˈɹæs.mənt/ /ˈhæɹ.əs.mənt/ harassments n
dręczenie molestowanie napastowanie prześladowanie
Persistent attacks and criticism causing worry and distress.

harbinger /ˈhɑɹbɪnd͡ʒəɹ/ /ˈhɑːbɪndʒə/ harbingers n
zwiastun
A person or thing that foreshadows or foretells the coming of someone or something.

harbor /ˈhɑɹbɚ/ /ˈhɑːbə/ harbors n
przystań
(countable) Any place of shelter.
port przystań
(countable, nautical) A sheltered expanse of water, adjacent to land, in which ships may anchor or dock, especially for loading and unloading.

harbormaster harbormasters n
kapitan portu
(US, nautical) An official responsible for the enforcement of regulations in a port.

harbour porpoise harbour porpoises n
morświn zwyczajny
A porpoise, Phocoena phocoena, that inhabits coastal areas and river estuaries.

hard /hɑɹd/ /hɑːd/ harder hardest more hard most hard adj
mocny
(of drink or drugs) Strong.
twarda
(of water) High in dissolved chemical salts, especially those of calcium.
twardy
Resistant to pressure; difficult to break, cut or penetrate.
ciężki twardy
Demanding a lot of effort to endure.
surowy
Severe, harsh, unfriendly, brutal.
trudny
Difficult or requiring a lot of effort to do, understand, experience, or deal with.
niepodważalny
Unquestionable, unequivocal.

hard candy hard candies n
cukierek landrynka
(US) A candy prepared from one or more syrups boiled to a temperature of 160°C (320°F), thereafter becoming stiff and brittle at room temperature.

hard cheese hard cheeses n
ser twardy ser żółty
A type of rennet cheese that is firm owing to the curds having been pressed or comminuted to a large degree to shed more whey and ripened for a longer time.

hard code v
hardkodować zahardkodować
(computing) To build absolute and unchangeable values into a program such that they can only be changed by modifying the source code.

hard copy hard copies n
wydruk
A printed copy of a digital document, as opposed to a copy in electronic form.

hard currency hard currencies n
twarda waluta
(economics, finance) Any globally traded currency that serves as a reliable and stable store of value.

hard disk hard disks n
dysk twardy
(computer hardware) The unit itself, and all the disks within it.

hard drive hard drives n
dysk twardy
(computing) A device used for storing large amounts of data for a computer that persist while the computer is turned off.

hard hat hard hats n
kask kask budowlany
A helmet, usually made from rigid plastic, used on construction sites to protect the head from falling objects.

hard nut to crack hard nuts to crack n
twardy orzech do zgryzienia
(idiomatic) A problem that is challenging to solve.

hard of hearing more hard of hearing most hard of hearing adj
głuchawy niedosłyszący przygłuchy słabosłyszący
(idiomatic) Having difficulty hearing; somewhat deaf.

hard palate hard palates n
podniebienie twarde
A thin horizontal bony plate of the skull, located in the roof of the mouth.

hard return hard returns n
twardy enter

hard science hard sciences n
nauka ścisła
(informal) Any of the natural and physical sciences that use the scientific method and experiments to test theories. Examples include mathematics, biology, physics, chemistry and geology.

hard shoulder hard shoulders n
pas awaryjny
A verge to the side of a highway, which should be used only in case of an emergency (especially on a motorway)

hard sign hard signs n
twardy znak
The Cyrillic letter Ъ/ъ, which in modern languages serves to denote a hard (non-palatalized) consonant.

hard skill hard skills n
umiejętności twarde

hard up more hard up most hard up adj
bez grosza bez grosza przy duszy goły i wesoły spłukany
(colloquial) Lacking money; impecunious; in financial difficulties.

hard-and-fast adj
żelazny
(idiomatic, of rules, etc) strictly maintained; not subject to variation

hard-boiled more hard-boiled most hard-boiled adj
na twardo
Cooked to a solid consistency. (of a boiled egg)
bezduszny
Callous and unsentimental. (of a person, especially a detective)

hard-liner hard-liners n
twardogłowy
A person who takes a firm, uncompromising position on some policy.

hardcore /hɑː(ɹ)dˈkɔː(ɹ)/ more hardcore most hardcore adj
hardcore'owy
(colloquial) Particularly intense; thrillingly dangerous or erratic; desirably violent in appearance; pleasing or "cool" due to intensity or danger.

hardcore /hɑː(ɹ)dˈkɔː(ɹ)/ n
hardcore
Hardcore punk.
Hardcore techno.

harden /ˈhɑɹdn̩/ /ˈhɑːdn̩/ v
twardnieć stwardnieć
(intransitive) To become hard (tough, resistant to pressure).
utwardzać utwardzić
(transitive, ergative) To make something hard or harder (tough, resistant to pressure).
hartować zahartować
(ambitransitive) To become or make (a person or thing) resistant or less sensitive.

hardened /ˈhɑɹd(ə)nd/ /ˈhɑːdn̩d/ more hardened most hardened adj
stwardniały
Unfeeling; pitiless; callous.

hardhead hardheads n
podgorzałka australijska
A brown diving duck, Aythya australis, native to Australia.

hardly /ˈhɑɹdli/ /ˈhɑːdli/ hardlier hardliest more hardly most hardly adv
ledwo
(degree) Barely, only just, almost not.

hardpan hardpans n
rudawiec orsztyn
A distinct layer of soil that is largely impervious to water.

hardship /ˈhɑɹdˌʃɪp/ /ˈhɑːdˌʃɪp/ hardships n
trudność
Difficulty or trouble; hard times.

hardtack hardtacks n
suchar
(nautical) A large, hard biscuit made from unleavened flour and water; formerly used as a long-term staple food aboard ships.

hardware /ˈhɑɹdˌwɛɹ/ /ˈhɑːdˌwɛə/ n
artykuły żelazne
Fixtures, equipment, tools and devices used for general-purpose construction and repair of a structure or object. Also such equipment as sold as stock by a store of the same name, e.g. hardware store.
artykuły żelazne sprzęt
(informal) Equipment.
hardware sprzęt komputerowy
(computing) The part of a computer that is fixed and cannot be altered without replacement or physical modification; motherboard, expansion cards, etc. Compare software.
sprzęt
(technology) Electronic equipment.
artykuły metalowe
Metal implements.

hardware store hardware stores n
sklep żelazny
A merchant that sells tools, fasteners, and similar objects known collectively as hardware, as well as related sundries used in construction and repair.

hardworking more hardworking most hardworking adj
pilny pracowity
Of a person, taking their work seriously and doing it well and rapidly.

hare /hɛə/ /hɛɚ/ /hɛː/ hares n
zając
(uncountable) The meat from this animal.

harelike more harelike most harelike adj
zajęczy
Characteristic of, or resembling a hare.

harelip harelips n
zajęcza warga
(teratology) A congenital malformation of the upper lip, reminiscent of the mouth of a hare.

harem /(ˌ)hɑːˈɹiːm/ /ˈhæɹəm/ /ˈhɑːɹiːm/ /ˈhɛəɹəm/ harems n
harem
The private section of an Arab household, traditionally forbidden to male strangers. [1841]
A group of someone's girlfriends, wives and/or concubines in a polygamous household.
A group of female animals (cows) herded and controlled by a male animal (bull) of that species for breeding purposes. Such behaviour is exhibited by bovids including cattle and buffalo as well as moose, elephants, seals, sea lions, baboons, and elephant seals.[2006]

harem pants n
alladynki
Baggy, long pants tapered at the ankle, with side flaps on the hip that button at the waist area, worn by both men and women.

harira hariras n
harira

harissa /həˈɹiːsə/ /həˈɹɪsə/ harissas n
harissa
A traditional Armenian dish; a kind of homogeneous porridge made of previously stewed and boned chicken and coarsely ground soaked wheat.

harlequin /ˈhɑɹlɪkwɪn/ /ˈhɑːlɪkwɪn/ harlequins n
arlekin
A pantomime fool, typically dressed in colorful checkered clothes.

harlequinade /hɑːləkwɪˈneɪd/ harlequinades n
arlekinada
A pantomime-like comedy featuring the harlequin or clown.
arlekinada błazenada
Any comical or fantastical procedure or playfulness.

harlot /ˈhɑɹlət/ /ˈhɑːlət/ harlots n
jawnogrzesznica ladacznica lafirynda nierządnica
(obsolete) A churl; a common man; a person, male or female, of low birth, especially one given to low conduct.

harm /hɑɹm/ /hɑːm/ harms n
szkoda krzywda
Physical injury; hurt; damage.

harm /hɑɹm/ /hɑːm/ v
krzywdzić uszkadzać
To cause injury to another; to hurt; to cause damage to something.

harmful /ˈhɑɹmfl̩/ /ˈhɑːmfl̩/ harmfuller harmfullest more harmful most harmful adj
szkodliwy
of a kind likely to be damaging; injurious

harmless /ˈhɑɹmləs/ /ˈhɑːmləs/ more harmless most harmless adj
nieszkodliwy
Incapable of causing harm or danger; safe.

harmlessly /ˈhɑɹmləsli/ /ˈhɑːmləsli/ more harmlessly most harmlessly adv
nieszkodliwie
In a harmless manner.

harmonic mean harmonic means n
średnia harmoniczna
(mathematics) A type of measure of central tendency calculated as the reciprocal of the mean of the reciprocals, i.e., H = { n \over {1 \over x_1} + {1 \over x_2} + \cdots + {1 \over x_n} }.

harmonic series harmonic series n
szereg harmoniczny
(mathematics, analysis) The divergent series whose terms are the reciprocals of the positive integers; the series \textstyle\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac 1 n.

harmonica /ˌhɑɹˈmɑ.nɪ.kə/ /ˌhɑɹˈmɒ.nɪ.kə/ harmonicas n
harmonijka harmonijka ustna
A musical wind instrument with a series of holes for the player to blow into, each hole producing a different note

harmonious /hɑɹˈmoʊniəs/ /hɑːˈməʊnɪəs/ more harmonious most harmonious adj
harmonijny
Having components pleasingly or appropriately combined.

harmonium /hɑː(ɹ)ˈməʊniəm/ harmoniums n
fisharmonia harmonium
(music) A small keyboard instrument that consists of a series of reed pipes, which sound when one of the keys is pressed to open a valve that allows air to pass through.

harmonize /ˈhɑɹmənaɪz/ v
basować
(intransitive) To be in harmonious agreement.

harmony /ˈhɑɹ.mə.ni/ /ˈhɑː.mə.ni/ harmonies n
zgoda harmonia
Agreement or accord.
harmonia
A pleasing combination of elements, or arrangement of sounds.
(music) The academic study of chords.
(music) Two or more notes played simultaneously to produce a chord.

harness /ˈhaː.nəs/ /ˈhɑɹ.nəs/ /ˈhɑː.nəs/ harnesses n
uprząż
(countable) A restraint or support, especially one consisting of a loop or network of rope or straps, and especially one worn by a working animal such as a horse pulling a carriage or farm implement.

harness /ˈhaː.nəs/ /ˈhɑɹ.nəs/ /ˈhɑː.nəs/ v
ujarzmiać ujarzmić zaprząc zaprzęgać
(transitive) To place a harness on something; to tie up or restrain.
ujarzmiać ujarzmić
(transitive) To capture, control or put to use.

harness saddle harness saddles n
siodło
The part of a harness which supports the weight of poles or shafts attaching a vehicle to a horse or other animal.

harp /hɑɹp/ /hɑːp/ harps n
harfa arfa
(musical instrument) A musical instrument consisting of a body and a curved neck, strung with strings of varying length that are stroked or plucked with the fingers and are vertical to the soundboard when viewed from the end of the body

harp seal /ˈhɑɹp.siːl/ /ˈhɑːp.siːl/ harp seals n
foka grenlandzka
One of species Pagophilus groenlandicus, a true seal (or earless seal) found in the northernmost Atlantic Ocean and adjacent parts of the Arctic Ocean.

harpist /ˈhɑɹpɪst/ harpists n
harfista harfistka
Someone who plays a harp, especially a pedal harp.

harpoon /hɑːɹˈpuːn/ /hɑːˈpuːn/ harpoons n
harpun
A spearlike weapon with a barbed head used in hunting whales and large fish.

harpooner harpooners n
harpunnik harpuniarz
A person who uses a harpoon, especially to hunt whales

harpsichord /ˈhɑɹp.sɪˌkɔɹd/ /ˈhɑː(ɹ)p.sɪ.kɔː(ɹ)d/ harpsichords n
klawesyn
(musical instruments) A musical instrument with a keyboard that produces sound through a mechanical process. When the performer presses a key, a corresponding plectrum plucks a tuned string. The harpsichord originated in late medieval Europe and is one of the most important instruments used to perform Baroque music.

harpsichordist harpsichordists n
klawesynista klawesynistka
One who plays the harpsichord.

harpy /ˈhɑɹpi/ /ˈhɑːpi/ harpies n
harpia
(mythological creature) A mythological creature generally depicted as a bird-of-prey with the head of maiden, a face pale with hunger and long claws on her hands personifying the destructive power of storm winds.
(derogatory) A shrewish woman.

harpy eagle harpy eagles n
harpia harpia wielka
(ornithology) A neotropical eagle, Harpia harpyja.

harquebus /ˈhɑɹkwɪbʌs/ /ˈhɑɹkɪbʌs/ harquebuses harquebusses n
arkabuz arkebuz arkebuza
An obsolete matchlock firearm.

harridan /ˈhæɹ.ɪ.dən/ /ˈhɛɹ.ɪ.dən/ harridans n
jędza sekutnica wiedźma
A vicious and scolding woman, especially an older one.

harrier /ˈhæɹi.ə(ɹ)/ harriers n
błotniak
Any of several birds of prey in the genus Circus of the subfamily Circinae which fly low over meadows and marshes and hunt small mammals or birds.

harrow /ˈhæɹoʊ/ /ˈhæɹəʊ/ /ˈhɛɹoʊ/ harrows n
brona
A device consisting of a heavy framework having several disks or teeth in a row, which is dragged across ploughed land to smooth or break up the soil, to remove weeds or cover seeds; a harrow plow.

harrow /ˈhæɹoʊ/ /ˈhæɹəʊ/ /ˈhɛɹoʊ/ v
bronować
(transitive) To drag a harrow over; to break up with a harrow.

harrowing /ˈhæɹəʊiŋ/ more harrowing most harrowing adj
udręczony
Causing pain or distress.

harsh /hæʃ/ /hɑɹʃ/ /hɑːʃ/ harsher harshest more harsh most harsh adj
szorstki
Unpleasantly rough to the touch or other senses.
bezwzględny szorstki
Severe or cruel.

harshly /ˈhɑːʃli/ harshlier harshliest more harshly most harshly adv
bezwzględnie
In a harsh manner; severely.

harshness harshnesses n
bezpardonowość bezwzględność
The quality of being harsh.

hart /hɑɹt/ /hɑːt/ harts n
jeleń
A male deer, especially the male of the red deer after his fifth year.

hart's tongue hart's tongues n
zanokcica języcznik
The fern Asplenium scolopendrium.

hartwort hartworts n
trzebucha
A coarse umbelliferous plant of Europe (Tordylium maximum) or any plant of genus Tordylium.

harvest /ˈhaːvəst/ /ˈhɑɹ.vəst/ /ˈhɑɹ.vɪst/ /ˈhɑː(ɹ)vəst/ /ˈhɑː(ɹ)vɪst/ harvests n
plon urodzaj żniwa żniwo
The yield of harvesting, i.e., the gathered crops or fruits.
The season of gathering ripened crops; specifically, the time of reaping and gathering grain.
plon żniwo
(by extension) The product or result of any exertion or course of action; reward or consequences.

harvest /ˈhaːvəst/ /ˈhɑɹ.vəst/ /ˈhɑɹ.vɪst/ /ˈhɑː(ɹ)vəst/ /ˈhɑː(ɹ)vɪst/ v
zbierać posprzątać
(transitive) To bring in a harvest; reap; glean.
żniwować
(intransitive) To be occupied bringing in a harvest.

harvest mite harvest mites n
swędzik jesienny
Any of various mites of the genus Trombicula that inhabit forests and grasslands and which, in their larval stage, attach to various animals including humans and feed on skin, often causing itching.

harvest mouse harvest mice n
badylarka
Micromys minutus, a species of the sub-family Murinae (Old World rats and mice).

harvestman harvestmen n
kosarz
An order of terrestrial, non-venomous arachnids with often very long legs: Opiliones.

has-been /ˈhæz.biːn/ /ˈhæz.bɪn/ has-beens n
has-been przebrzmiały
(pejorative) A person, especially one formerly popular or influential, who continues in their field after their popularity or effectiveness has peaked and is now in decline.

hash /ˈhæʃ/ hashes n
hasz
(informal) Hashish, a drug derived from the cannabis plant.
bardach
A confused mess.
kratka krzyżyk płotek
(typography) The # symbol (octothorpe, pound).
skrót
(computing) The result generated by a hash function.

hash brown hash browns n
placek ziemniaczany
A fried patty made from finely-diced bits of potato.

hashish /hæˈʃiːʃ/ /həˈʃiːʃ/ /ˈhæʃɪʃ/ hashishes n
haszysz
The leaves and tender parts of the Indian hemp plant (which are intoxicating), which are dried for either chewing or smoking.

hashtag /ˈhæʃˌtæɡ/ hashtags n
hasztag hashtag
(Internet) A metadata tag, signaled by a preceding hash sign (#), used to label content. [from 2007]

hasp /hæsp/ /hɑːsp/ hasps n
skobel wrzeciądz
A clasp, especially a metal strap fastened by a padlock or a pin; also, a hook for fastening a door.

hassium /ˈhæsiəm/ n
has
An artificially-produced transuranic chemical element (symbol Hs) with atomic number 108.

hassle /ˈhæsl̩/ hassles n
kłopot problem
Trouble, bother, unwanted annoyances or problems.
kłótnia
A fight or argument.

hassle /ˈhæsl̩/ v
zadrzeć zadzierać
(transitive) To pick a fight or start an argument with.

haste /heɪst/ hastes n
pośpiech
Speed; swiftness; dispatch.

haste makes waste proverb
co nagle, to po diable gdy się człowiek spieszy, to się diabeł cieszy
Being too hasty leads to wasteful mistakes.

hasten /ˈheɪ.sən/ v
przyspieszać popędzać przyspieszyć
(transitive) To make someone speed up or make something happen quicker.
przesunąć na wcześniejszy termin przyspieszyć
(transitive) To cause some scheduled event to happen earlier.

hastily /ˈheɪstɪli/ more hastily most hastily adv
pośpiesznie naprędce pospiesznie
In a hasty manner; quickly or hurriedly.

hasty /ˈheɪsti/ hastier hastiest adj
pośpieszny
Acting in haste; being too hurried or quick

hat /hæt/ [hat] [hɛt] hats n
kapelusz czapka kłobuk
A covering for the head, often in the approximate form of a cone, dome or cylinder closed at its top end, and sometimes having a brim and other decoration.
(Cambridge University slang, obsolete) A student who is also the son of a nobleman (and so allowed to wear a hat instead of a mortarboard).

hat rack hat racks n
wieszak
(US) A piece of furniture used to store hats and clothing, consisting of a pole with pegs on a moderately broad base; a hatstand.

hatch /hæt͡ʃ/ v
lęgnąć się wykluwać się wykluć się
(intransitive, of eggs) To break open when a young animal emerges from it.

hatchery /ˈhæt͡ʃəɹi/ hatcheries n
wylęgarnia
A facility where eggs are hatched under artificial conditions, especially those of fish or poultry.

hatchet /ˈhæt͡ʃɪt/ hatchets n
toporek
A small, light axe with a short handle; a tomahawk.

hatchling hatchlings n
pisklę
A newly hatched bird, reptile or other animal that has emerged from an egg.

hatchway hatchways n
luk
A means of passing through a wall or floor, having a hatch (especially on a ship); a doorway with a hatch rather than a door.

hate /heɪt/ /hæɪ̯t/ hates n
hejt
(Internet slang) Negative feedback, abusive behaviour.

hate /heɪt/ /hæɪ̯t/ v
nienawidzić nienawidzieć
(transitive) To dislike intensely or greatly.

hate speech n
mowa nienawiści nagonka szczucie
Speech that attacks or disparages a person or group of persons on the basis of origin, race, nationality, ethnicity, color, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or disability.

hateful /ˈheɪtfəl/ hatefuller hatefullest more hateful most hateful adj
nienawistny
Evoking a feeling of hatred.
Full of hatred.

hater /ˈheɪtə(ɹ)/ /ˈheɪtɚ/ haters n
hejter nienawistnica nienawistnik
One who hates.

hatred /ˈheɪtɹɪd/ hatreds n
nienawiść
Strong aversion; intense dislike.

hats off interjection
chapeau bas czapki z głów klękajcie narody
(idiom, as imperative, with to) Congratulations

hatter /ˈhætə(ɹ)/ hatters n
kapelusznik
A person who makes, sells, or repairs hats.

haughtiness haughtinesses n
buta
The state or property of being haughty; arrogance, snobbery.

haughty /ˈhɑti/ /ˈhɔːti/ haughtier haughtiest adj
wyniosły zarozumiały
Conveying in demeanour the assumption of superiority; disdainful, supercilious.

haul /hɑl/ /hɔl/ /hɔːl/ hauls n
holowanie wleczenie
The distance over which something is hauled or transported, especially if long.

haul /hɑl/ /hɔl/ /hɔːl/ v
holować
(transitive) To transport by drawing or pulling, as with horses or oxen, or a motor vehicle.
ciągać ciągnąć
(transitive) To draw or pull something heavy.
transportować wlec
(transitive) To carry or transport something, with a connotation that the item is heavy or otherwise difficult to move.
wyostrzać wyostrzyć
(ambitransitive, nautical) To steer (a vessel) closer to the wind.

haunt /hænt/ /hɑːnt/ /hɔːnt/ v
nawiedzać nawiedzić straszyć
(transitive) To inhabit or to visit frequently (most often used in reference to ghosts).

haunted /ˈhɑntɪd/ /ˈhɔːntɪd/ hauntedest more haunted most haunted adj
nawiedzony
Of a location, frequented by a ghost or ghosts.

haunted house haunted houses n
nawiedzony dom
A amusement attraction in which a building or series of rooms is decorated to frighten the people who pass through.

have /heɪv/ /hæf/ /hæv/ /həv/ /ə/ /əv/ v
mieć
(transitive) To possess, own.

have a ball v
bardzo dobrze się bawić
(idiomatic) To enjoy oneself thoroughly; to have lots of fun or excitement.

have a foot in both camps v
grać na dwie strony

have a go v
próbować swoich sił próbować szczęścia
(intransitive, informal, UK, Australia) To make an attempt; to try.

have a good one v
miłegoǃ
(idiomatic) To enjoy an event or occasion, especially a holiday or one's birthday.

have a head on one's shoulders v
mieć głowę na karku

have a mind of one's own v
mieć własne zdanie

have a nice day phraseologicalUnit
miłego dnia
(US, Canada, rather formal) . A polite parting during daytime.
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see have,‎ a,‎ nice,‎ day.

have a say v
wyrazić opinię wyrażać opinię
(idiom, intransitive) To (receive the opportunity to) voice one's opinion.

have a screw loose v
nie mieć wszystkich w domu
(slang) To be insane, irrational, or eccentric.

have a way with v
być za pan brat
(idiomatic, informal) To be skilled, adept, or graceful with or at (something).

have a whale of a time v
bardzo dobrze się bawić
(idiomatic) To enjoy oneself greatly.

have blood on one's hands v
mieć krew na rękach
(idiomatic) To be responsible for a violent act.

have butterflies in one's stomach v
mieć motylki w brzuchu

have eyes bigger than one's stomach v
wziąć za dużo jedzenia
(idiomatic) To take more food on one's plate than one can eat; to be greedy.

have eyes in the back of one's head v
mieć oczy z tyłu głowy
(idiomatic) To be particularly, especially uncannily, observant; a perceived ability to see in all directions at once.

have fun interjection
baw się dobrze dobrej zabawy!
Used to wish somebody a good and enjoyable time when they are about to do something.

have fun v
bawić się
To enjoy oneself; to experience enjoyable activities.

have had it v
mieć dość mieć potąd mieć powyżej uszu
(idiomatic) To have endured all that one can.

have had it up to here v
mieć potąd
(idiomatic) To have become very frustrated or angry; to have reached the limit of one's patience or forbearance.

have it coming v
doigrać się
(idiomatic) To deserve or merit, as the consequences of one's actions.

have it in for v
uwziąć się
(transitive, colloquial) To be very angry with; to have a grudge against; to intend revenge against.

have it in one v
potrafić umieć

have mercy v
zmiłować
(usually, _, in, _, the, _, imperative) To show mercy or compassion; to stop inflicting punishment or a barrage.

have on v
bałamucić zbałamucić
(UK, AU, NZ, colloquial) To trick or deceive deliberately; to play a prank on.

have one foot in the grave v
być jedną nogą na tamtym świecie być jedną nogą w grobie stać nad grobem wybierać się na tamten świat

have one's cake and eat it too v
albo rybka, albo pipka albo rybki, albo akwarium zjeść ciastko i mieć ciastko
(idiomatic) To benefit by having two things which are mutually incompatible (such as eating a piece of cake and yet still possessing that piece for future use).

have one's eye on v
mieć na oku
To seek, to pursue.

have one's hands full v
mieć pełne ręce roboty
(idiomatic) To be busy or thoroughly preoccupied.

have one's head screwed on v
mieć głowę na karku

have one's head up one's ass v
wyżej sra, niż dupę ma

have one's heart in the right place v
mieć dobre intencje
(idiomatic) To have good intentions.

have one's tubes tied v
podwiązać jajowody podwiązywać jajowody

have one's work cut out for one v
mieć po uszy robotę

have other fish to fry v
mieć inne sprawy do załatwienia
(idiom) To have more important things to do.

have second thoughts v
bić się z myślami
(idiomatic) To change one's opinion, or be uneasy about a previous decision.

have sex v
uprawiać seks
To engage in any sexual act.

have someone's ear v
mieć uwagę

have something on good authority v
wiedzieć o czymś z dobrego źródła

have the floor v
zabierać głos zabrać głos

have the foggiest v
nie mam zielonego pojęcia
(informal, usually with a negative) To know, understand or have a clue.

have the wolf by the ear v
znajdować się w trudnej sytuacji znaleźć się w trudnej sytuacji
(idiomatic) To be in a dangerous situation from which one cannot disengage, but in which one cannot safely remain.

have to /ˈhæf.tu/ /ˈhæf.tə/ /ˈhæv.tuː/ v
musieć mieć
Must; need to; to be urged to; to be required to; indicates obligation.
musieć
(with be) Must; expresses a logical conclusion.

have you eaten phraseologicalUnit
Jadliście państwo już? Jadł pan już? Jadła pani już? Jadłaś już? Jadłeś już? Jadły panie już?
Depending on the speaker's language/culture, may be a greeting roughly equivalent to "how are you"

haven /ˈheɪvən/ havens n
port
(slightly, dated) A harbour or anchorage protected from the sea.
przystań
(by extension) A peaceful place.

haversack haversacks n
chlebak
A small, strong bag carried on the back or the shoulder, usually with only one strap, and originally made of canvas.

havoc /ˈhævək/ /ˈhævɪk/ havocs n
spustoszenie
Widespread devastation and destruction.

haw /hɔː/ interjection
wiśta
An instruction for a horse or other animal to turn towards the driver, typically left.

hawfinch hawfinches n
grubodziób
A large Eurasian finch (Coccothraustes coccothraustes), with a thick bill.

hawk /hɑk/ /hɔk/ /hɔːk/ hawks n
jastrząb
A diurnal predatory bird of the family Accipitridae, smaller than an eagle.
(politics) An advocate of aggressive political positions and actions. [from 1962]
deska do zaprawy murarskiej
A plasterer's tool, made of a flat surface with a handle below, used to hold an amount of plaster prior to application to the wall or ceiling being worked on: a mortarboard.

hawkbit hawkbits n
brodawnik
Any dandelion-like flower of the genera Leontodon, Scorzoneroides, and others in subtribe Hypochaeridinae, in the family Asteraceae.

hawksbeard hawksbeards n
pępawa
Any of various annual and perennial flowering plants of the genus Crepis, superficially resembling the dandelion.

hawser hawsers n
cuma
(nautical) A cable or heavy rope used to tow or moor a ship.

hawthorn /ˈhɔ.θɔɹn/ /ˈhɔː.θɔːn/ hawthorns n
głóg
Any of various shrubs and small trees of the genus Crataegus having small, apple-like fruits and thorny branches

hay /heɪ/ hays n
siano
(uncountable) Grass cut and dried for use as animal fodder.

hay /heɪ/ v
kosić siano
To cut grasses or herb plants for use as animal fodder.

hay bag hay bags n
worek z sianem
A bag filled with hay.

hay fever hay fevers n
katar sienny pyłkowica
(pathology, immunology) An allergy to the pollen of grass or other plants that causes symptoms similar to those of a cold; pollinosis.

hayloft haylofts n
sąsiek
The upper storey of a barn used for storing hay.

haymaking haymakings n
sianokosy
The cutting of grass and subsequently curing it to make hay as fodder for animals.

hayrack hayracks n
paśnik
A freestanding vertical drying-rack for animal fodder.

haystack /ˈheɪˌstæk/ haystacks n
stóg stóg siana
A mound, pile, or stack of stored hay.

haywire /ˈheɪ.waɪ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈheɪ.waɪɚ/ more haywire most haywire adj
chaotycznie w cały świat
Behaviorally erratic or uncontrollable, especially of a machine or mechanical process; usually used with the verb "go".

hazard /ˈhaz.əd/ /ˈhæ.zɚd/ hazards n
niebezpieczeństwo ryzyko
The chance of suffering harm; danger, peril, risk of loss. [from 16th c.]

hazard light hazard lights n
światło awaryjne
One of multiple lights fitted to the front and rear of a vehicle, used to warn other drivers of a dangerous situation, typically when the vehicle is not working properly.

haze /heɪz/ hazes n
mgiełka mgła
Very fine solid particles (smoke, dust) or liquid droplets (moisture) suspended in the air, slightly limiting visibility. (Compare fog, mist.)
otumanienie
(figuratively) Any state suggestive of haze in the atmosphere, such as mental confusion or vagueness of memory.

hazel /ˈheɪzəl/ adj
piwny orzechowy
Of a greenish-brown colour. (often used to refer to eye colour)

hazel /ˈheɪzəl/ hazels n
leszczyna
(countable) A tree or shrub of the genus Corylus, bearing edible nuts called hazelnuts or filberts.
(uncountable) The wood of a hazelnut tree.
orzechowy piwny
(countable, and, uncountable) A greenish-brown colour, the colour of a ripe hazelnut.

hazel grouse hazel grouses n
jarząbek jarząbek zwyczajny
A bird in the grouse family, Tetrastes bonasia, native to most of temperate-cool Eurasia.

hazel-eyed adj
piwnooki
Having hazel eyes.

hazelnut /ˈheɪzəlnʌt/ /ˈheɪzəlˌnʌt/ hazelnuts n
orzech laskowy
The fruit of the hazel, especially Corylus avellana, which is grown commercially.

hazzan hazzanim hazzans n
chazan
(Judaism) A Jewish cantor in a synagogue.

he /hi/ /i/ /ˈhiː/ [hi] [çi] pronoun
on
(personal, sometimes, _, proscribed, see usage notes) They; he or she (a person whose gender is unknown or irrelevant).

he who digs a pit for others falls in himself proverb
kto pod kim dołki kopie, sam w nie wpada
Someone that plans harm or misfortune for others may also inadvertently be the recipient of that same misfortune.

he who laughs last laughs best /ˈhi hu ˈlæfs ˈlæst ˈlæfs ˈbɛst/ /ˈhiː huː ˈlɑːfs ˈlɑːst ˈlɑːfs ˈbɛst/ proverb
ten się śmieje, kto się śmieje ostatni
Success is enjoyed more after having previously endured ridicule.

he who smelt it dealt it proverb
kto pierwszy poczuje temu się snuje
(colloquial, originally) A person who calls attention to or complains about a flatus is likely trying to pretend it wasn't their own.
(colloquial, by extension) Used to suggest that a person calling attention to or complaining about a given problem may in fact be the source of the problem.

he's unconscious phraseologicalUnit
jest nieprzytomny
Indicates that a male person is currently not conscious.

he-cat he-cats n
kocur
A male cat; a tomcat.

he-wolf /ˈhiːˌwʊlf/ [ˈhiːˌwʊɫf] he-wolves n
basior
A male wolf.

head /ˈhɛd/ adj
czołowy
Coming from in front.

head /ˈhɛd/ head heads n
głowa
Mental or emotional aptitude or skill.
(figurative, metonymy) Mind; one's own thoughts.
głowa główka
(countable) The part of the body of an animal or human which contains the brain, mouth, and main sense organs.
(countable) The topmost, foremost, or leading part.
pogłowie
(plural head) A single animal; measure word for livestock and game.
dennica
(engineering) The end cap of a cylindrically-shaped pressure vessel.
grot
The sharp end of an arrow, spear, or pointer.
głowica
(computing) The part of a disk drive responsible for reading and writing data.
A machine element which reads or writes electromagnetic signals to or from a storage medium.
główka bijak głowa
The end of a hammer, axe, golf club, or similar implement used for striking other objects.
główka głowa
The end of a nail, screw, bolt, or similar fastener which is opposite the point; usually blunt and relatively wide.
szczyt
The end of a rectangular table furthest from the entrance; traditionally considered a seat of honor.
dyrektor dyrektorka
(metonymy) A headmaster or headmistress.
głowa kierownik kierowniczka
(metonymy) Leader; chief; mastermind.
główka pseudancjum
A clump of seeds, leaves or flowers; a capitulum.
główka szczyt
The source of a river; the end of a lake where a river flows into it.
korona
The leafy top part of a tree.
laska lód
(slang, vulgar, uncountable) Fellatio or cunnilingus; oral sex.

head /ˈhɛd/ v
kierować
(transitive) To be in command of. (See also head up.)
brać azymut kierować się wziąć azymut
(intransitive) To move in a specified direction.

head in the clouds phraseologicalUnit
z głową w chmurach
(metaphorical, usually with have or with) Used to indicate that a person has fantastic or impractical dreams

head man head men n
sołtys
The leader of a village.

head of government heads of government n
szef rządu
The chief officer of the executive branch of a government, often presiding over a cabinet; usually called Prime Minister (in a parliamentary system) or President (in a presidential system).

head of household heads of household n
głowa rodziny
The person responsible for governing a group that lives together, such as a family.

head of state heads of state n
głowa państwa
The chief public representative of a nation having duties, privileges and responsibilities varying greatly depending on the constitutional rules; a monarch in a monarchy, and often styled president in a republic, but variations such as collegiality exist.

head over heels /ˌhɛd oʊ.vɚ ˈhilz/ /ˌhɛd əʊ.və ˈhiːlz/ adv
do góry nogami
Tumbling upside down; somersaulting.

head start head starts n
fory
(idiomatic) An advantage consisting in starting a competition or task earlier than might be expected; given (or taken), for example, prior to the beginning of a race.

head to toe adv
od czubka głowy do pięt od stóp do głów
(idiomatic) Entirely; completely; over one's full body.

head voice head voices n
rejestr głowowy

head-turner head-turners n
osoba lub rzecz przykuwająca uwagę
Someone or something that turns heads, that draws attention.

headache /ˈhɛdeɪk/ headaches n
ból głowy
A pain or ache in the head.
(figurative) A nuisance or unpleasant problem.

headband /ˈhɛdˌbænd/ headbands n
opaska
A strip of fabric worn around the head.
kapitałka
A strip of fabric attached to the top of the spine of a book; used as decoration and reinforcement.

headboard headboards n
wezgłowie
A vertical panel, either plain or upholstered, attached to the head of a bed.

headbutt /ˈhɛdbʌt/ headbutts n
uderzenie głową uderzenie z Baśki
A sharp blow delivered by driving the head into an opponent or object, generally by lowering the head and charging forward or by rapidly tilting the head backward and then forward.

headbutt /ˈhɛdbʌt/ v
uderzyć głową uderzyć z Baśki
To deliver a sharp blow by driving the head into an opponent or object.

headdress headdresses n
nakrycie głowy
A decorative covering or ornament worn on the head.

header /ˈhɛdə/ /ˈhɛdɚ/ headers n
nagłówek
The upper portion of a page (or other) layout.
główka
(masonry) A brick that is laid sideways at the top of a wall or within the brickwork with the short side showing.
(soccer) The act of hitting the ball with the head.

header file header files n
plik nagłówkowy
(programming) A file, usually in the form of source code, that is automatically included in another source file by the compiler.

headhouse headhouses n
dworzec kolejowy
The portion of a passenger railway terminal not housing the tracks and platforms, comprising ticket counters, baggage facilities, etc.

headhunter headhunters n
łowca głów
One who recruits senior personnel for a company.

heading /ˈhɛdɪŋ/ headings n
nagłówek rubryka
The title or topic of a document, article, chapter, or of a section thereof.

headland /ˈhɛdlənd/ headlands n
przylądek cypel
Coastal land that juts into the sea.

headless /ˈhɛdləs/ adj
bezgłowy
Without a head; decapitated.

headlight headlights n
reflektor
A bright light, with a lens and reflector, on the front of a motor vehicle (or originally a ship or train), designed to illuminate the road when driving at night; normally one of a pair.

headline /ˈhɛd.laɪn/ headlines n
nagłówek
(journalism) The heading or title of a magazine or newspaper article.

headlong /ˈhɛd.lɑŋ/ /ˈhɛd.lɒŋ/ /ˈhɛd.lɔŋ/ adv
na oślep
With an unrestrained forward motion.

headmaster /ˈhɛdˌmæstɚ/ /ˈhɛdˌmɑːstə/ headmasters headmistress n
dyrektor
(chiefly, UK, Irish) A male school principal.

headmistress headmaster headmistresses n
dyrektorka
(chiefly, British, Irish) A female school principal.

headphones n
słuchawki
A pair of cushioned speakers worn over or in the ears so only the wearer can hear the sound.

headquarters /ˈhɛd.ˌkwɔɹ.tɚz/ /ˌhɛd.ˈkwɔː.təz/ headquarters n
sztab
The military installation from which troops are commanded and orders are issued; the military unit consisting of a commander and his support staff.
centrala kwatera
The center of an organization's operations or administration.

headrest headrests n
zagłówek
The part of a seat designed to support the sitter's head.

heads or tails n
orzeł czy reszka
(idiomatic) The practice of flipping a coin in the air, to choose between two alternatives based on which side lands face up.

heads will roll phraseologicalUnit
polecą głowy
(idiomatic) Some people will be fired for incompetence.

headscarf headscarfs headscarves n
apaszka chusta chustka podwijka podwika rańtuch
A more or less square piece of material worn over the head, typically by women, often to protect the hair, or for religious reasons.

headshot headshots n
headshot
A gunshot to the head.

headword /ˈhɛdwɜːd/ /ˈhɛdwɝd/ headwords n
hasło
A word used as the title of a section, particularly in a dictionary, encyclopedia, or thesaurus.

heal /hiːl/ v
leczyć uzdrawiać uzdrowić wyleczyć
(transitive) To make better from a disease, wound, etc.; to revive or cure.

healer /ˈhilɚ/ /ˈhiːlə(ɹ)/ healers n
znachor uzdrowiciel
One who heals, especially through faith.

healing /ˈhiːlɪŋ/ healings n
leczenie gojenie
The psychological process of dealing with a problem or problems.

health /hɛlθ/ [hɛl̪θ] healths n
zdrowie
The state of being free from physical or psychological disease, illness, or malfunction; wellness. [from 11th c.]
A state of well-being or balance, often physical but sometimes also mental and social; the overall level of function of an organism from the cellular (micro) level to the social (macro) level.
Physical condition.

health care n
opieka zdrowotna
The prevention, treatment, and management of illness or the preservation of mental and physical well-being through the services offered by the medical, nursing, and allied health professions.

health club /ˈhɛlθ ˌkləb/ health clubs n
fitness club pakernia pakownia siłka siłownia
A facility with exercise equipment, and sometimes instructors, open to the public or those on some membership list.

health insurance health insurances n
ubezpieczenie zdrowotne
Insurance against incurring medical expenses among individuals.

health service health services n
służba zdrowia
a public (or private) service providing health care to the general public.

healthful healthfuller healthfullest more healthful most healthful adj
zdrowy
Beneficial to bodily health.

healthily more healthily most healthily adv
zdrowo
In a healthy manner.

healthy /ˈhɛl.θi/ healthier healthiest more healthy most healthy adj
zdrowy
Enjoying good health; well; free from disease or disorder.
Conducive to health.

heap /heːp/ /hiːp/ heaps n
sterta kupa
A pile or mass; a collection of things laid in a body, or thrown together so as to form an elevation.
kopiec
(computing) A data structure consisting of trees in which each node is greater than all its children.

hear /hjɜː/ /hɪə(ɹ)/ /hɪɚ/ v
słyszeć słuchać
(intransitive, stative) To perceive sounds through the ear. [from 10th c.]
słyszeć usłyszeć
(transitive, stative) To perceive (a sound, or something producing a sound) with the ear, to recognize (something) in an auditory way. [from 10th c.]

hear out v
wysłuchać
(idiomatic, transitive) To listen to someone until that person has finished speaking; to thoroughly consider all aspects of someone's argument.

hear the grass grow v
słyszeć jak trawa rośnie
(idiomatic) To have an extremely sensitive sense of hearing.

hear ye interjection
słuchajta

hearing /ˈhiːɹ.ɪŋ/ /ˈhɪəɹ.ɪŋ/ /ˈhɪɹ.ɪŋ/ /ˈhɪːɹ.ɪŋ/ hearings n
słuch
(uncountable) The sense used to perceive sound.
przesłuchanie
(countable, legal) A legal procedure done before a judge, without a jury, as with an evidentiary hearing.

hearing aid hearing aids n
aparat słuchowy
A device used to help the hard of hearing to hear sounds.

hearing-impaired more hearing-impaired most hearing-impaired adj
niedosłyszący słabosłyszący
Having some degree of deafness; hard of hearing.

hearsay hearsays n
plotka pogłoska
Information that was heard by one person about another that cannot be adequately substantiated.
pogłoska
(law) Evidence based on the reports of others, which is normally inadmissible because it was not made under oath, rather than on personal knowledge.

hearse /hɜːs/ /hɝs/ hearses n
karawan
A carriage or vehicle specially adapted or used for transporting a dead person to the place of funeral or to the grave.

heart /hɑɹt/ /hɑːt/ hearts n
serce
(anatomy) A muscular organ that pumps blood through the body, traditionally thought to be the seat of emotion.
The seat of the affections or sensibilities, collectively or separately, as love, hate, joy, grief, courage, etc.; rarely, the seat of the understanding or will; usually in a good sense; personality.
(figurative) The centre, essence, or core.
serce serduszko
A conventional shape or symbol used to represent the heart, love, or emotion: ♥.
serce kier czerwień
(card games) A playing card of the suit hearts featuring one or more heart-shaped symbols.

heart attack heart attacks n
zawał serca
(cardiology) An acute myocardial infarction, sometimes fatal, caused by the sudden occurrence of coronary thrombosis, which obstructs the blood supply to the heart and leads to necrosis of heart muscle tissue.

heart block heart blocks n
blok

heart failure heart failures n
niewydolność serca
(cardiology, pathology) The chronic inability of the heart to pump a sufficient amount of blood throughout the body, leading to a pooling of blood and shortness of breath.

heart of gold hearts of gold n
złote serce
(idiomatic) a kind, compassionate, or caring attitude; kindheartedness.

heart of stone hearts of stone n
serce z kamienia
(figuratively, idiom) A hardhearted character, stern or cruel nature.

heart rate heart rates n
tętno
The number of heart beats per unit of time, usually expressed as beats per minute.

heart surgeon heart surgeons n
kardiochirurg
A surgeon of the heart.

heart valve heart valves n
zastawka serca
(anatomy, cardiology) Any of the valves in the heart which prevent blood from moving in the wrong direction.

heart-lung machine heart-lung machines n
płucoserce

heart-shaped more heart-shaped most heart-shaped adj
sercowaty
Having the traditional shape of a heart (♥), that is pointed at one end and indented at the opposite side.

heart-warming more heart-warming most heart-warming adj
radujący serce
Eliciting cosy feelings of tenderness and sympathy.

heartbeat /ˈhɑɹtˌbit/ /ˈhɑːtˌbiːt/ [ˈhɑɹʔbiʔ] heartbeats n
puls bicie serca
One pulsation of the heart; especially an irregular one, hence the emotion which causes it.

heartbreaker /hɑɹt.bɹeɪ.kɚ/ /hɑːt.bɹeɪ.kə/ heartbreakers n
pożeracz serc pożeraczka serc
A person, usually attractive, who flirts with or otherwise enamours another person, but does not reciprocate their love.

heartburn heartburns n
zgaga pieczenie
(pathology) A burning pain in the chest that is caused by stomach acid entering the gullet.

hearth /hæθ/ /hɑɹθ/ /hɑːθ/ /hɜːɹθ/ hearths n
palenisko
A hearthstone, either as standalone or as the floor of an enclosed fireplace or oven.
ognisko domowe
(figurative) Home or family life.

hearth and home n
ognisko domowe ognisko rodzinne
Traditional family values and home life.

heartless /ˈhɑɹt.lɪs/ /ˈhɑːt.lɪs/ more heartless most heartless adj
bez serca bezduszny bezserdeczny
Without feeling, emotion, or concern for others; uncaring. [from 16th c.]

heartlessly more heartlessly most heartlessly adv
bezdusznie
In a heartless manner.

heartlessness /ˈhɑɹtləsnəs/ /ˈhɑːtlɪsnəs/ heartlessnesses n
bezduszność
the characteristic of being heartless

hearts /hɑɹts/ /hɑːts/ n
kier
(uncountable) One of the four suits of playing cards, in red, marked with the symbol ♥.
kierki kier
(card games, uncountable) A trick-taking card game in which players are penalized for taking hearts and (especially) the queen of spades.

heartthrob heartthrobs n
bicie serca
A heartbeat.

heartwood heartwoods n
twardziel
The wood nearer the heart of a stem or branch, different in color from the sapwood.

heat /hit/ /hiːt/ [çit] heats n
ciepło
(uncountable) Thermal energy.
ciepło gorąco żar
(uncountable) The condition or quality of being hot.
pikantność
(uncountable) An attribute of a spice that causes a burning sensation in the mouth.
afekt ferwor
(uncountable) A period of intensity, particularly of emotion.
nagonka
(uncountable) An undesirable amount of attention.
cieczka ruja
(uncountable) A condition where a mammal is aroused sexually or where it is especially fertile and therefore eager to mate; oestrus.
rozgrzewka
(countable) A preliminary race, used to determine the participants in a final race
upał ciepło
(countable) A hot spell.
psy
(uncountable, slang) The police.
gnat klamka spluwa
(uncountable, slang) One or more firearms.

heat /hit/ /hiːt/ [çit] v
grzać ogrzewać podgrzewać ogrzać podgrzać
(transitive) To cause an increase in temperature of (an object or space); to cause to become hot (often with "up").
podniecać podniecić rozgrzać rozgrzewać
(transitive, figurative) To excite ardour in; to rouse to action; to excite to excess; to inflame, as the passions.

heat death heat deaths n
śmierć cieplna
(physics) The state of a thermodynamic system having reached a maximum entropy; temperature is uniform throughout, and no energy is available to do work.

heat death of the universe pn
śmierć cieplna Wszechświata
(cosmology, thermodynamics) A theoretical future state of the universe in which the universe attains thermodynamic equilibrium and a further increase of entropy is no longer possible.

heat exchanger heat exchangers n
wymiennik ciepła
(physics) Any device (such as a radiator) that transfers heat from one fluid to another via a separating wall.

heat pump heat pumps n
pompa ciepła
A device that transfers thermal energy between spaces using a refrigeration cycle, usually between an enclosed space and the outdoors.

heat shield heat shields n
osłona termiczna

heat shrink heat shrinks n
rura termokurczliwa
A plastic tube that shrinks when heated, used as a mantle for wiring.

heat stroke heat strokes n
udar cieplny
(medicine, countable, or, uncountable) An illness caused by overheating a person or animal beyond its body's capacity to regulate internal temperature.

heater /ˈhitɚ/ /ˈhiːtə/ heaters n
grzejnik ogrzewacz
A device that produces and radiates heat, typically to raise the temperature of a room or building.

heath /hiːθ/ heaths n
wrzosowisko
A tract of level uncultivated land with sandy soil and scrubby vegetation; heathland.
wrzos
Any small evergreen shrub of the family Ericaceae.

heathen /ˈhiːðən/ adj
pogański bałwański
Not adhering to an Abrahamic religion; pagan.

heathen /ˈhiːðən/ heathen heathens n
poganin poganka
A pagan; someone who is neither Christian nor Jewish (other Abrahamic or monotheistic religions may or may not be included)

heathenism heathenisms n
pogaństwo
paganism, heathendom

heather /ˈhiːðəɹ/ /ˈhɛðə/ /ˈhɛðɚ/ heathers n
wrzos
A plant in the family Ericaceae.

heathland heathlands n
wrzosowisko
A tract of scrubland habitats characterised by open, low growing woody vegetation, found on mainly infertile acidic soils. Similar to moorland but with warmer and drier climate.

heating /ˈhiːtɪŋ/ heatings n
ogrzewanie
A system that raises the temperature of a room or building. Compare heater.

heating oil heating oils n
olej opałowy
A petroleum product used as fuel in a heating system and not requiring preheating for use.

heatwave heatwaves n
upał
A period of very hot weather.

heaven /ˈhɛvən/ heavens n
niebo raj
The sky, specifically:
(Christianity, usually capitalized) The abode of God and of the angels and saints in His presence.
(religion, by extension, often capitalized) The afterlife of the blessed dead in other religions and traditions, such as the Pure Land or Elysium.

heaven helps those who help themselves proverb
Bóg pomaga tym, co sami sobie pomagają
A maxim encouraging people to attempt to solve their own problems.

heavenly /ˈhɛvənli/ heavenlier heavenliest more heavenly most heavenly adj
niebiański
Of or pertaining to the heaven believed in by many religions.
(figurative) Strongly or sublimely beautiful or pleasurable.
boski niebiański
Synonym of celestial: of or pertaining to the heavens, the sky regarded as the realm of the sun, moon, planets, and stars.

heavenly body heavenly bodies n
ciało niebieskie
A natural celestial object, visible in the sky, such as a star, planet, natural satellite, asteroid, comet, the Moon or the Sun. Objects flying or moving in the atmosphere are not usually considered as heavenly bodies.

heavens /ˈhɛvənz/ n
niebiosa
(often with 'the') The distant sky of the sun, moon, and stars.
(rare) : the near sky of the weather, etc.

heavenward adv
w niebo
Toward the heavens: skyward; starward.

heavy /ˈhev.i/ /ˈhɛv.i/ heavier heaviest adj
ciężki
(of a physical object) Having great weight.
(of weather) Hot and humid.

heavy artillery n
ciężka artyleria
(military) Large and powerful artillery, often large-caliber and large-distance.
(figuratively) The most powerful means that can be used to carry out something.

heavy goods vehicle heavy goods vehicles n
ciężarówka
A lorry, truck or other large vehicle used to transport cargo with a total weight of at least 3.5 tonnes.

heavy industry n
przemysł ciężki
Industrial processes that are very complex or involve large and heavy equipment, facilities, or end products.

heavy metal heavy metals n
heavy metal
(music genre, uncountable) A genre descended from rock music, characterized by massive sound, highly amplified distortion, and overall loudness, often with extended guitar solos, and lyrics that involve aggressive or fantastic imagery.

heavy water n
ciężka woda
(chemistry) Water containing deuterium instead of normal hydrogen (protium) (symbol D2O); used as a moderator in nuclear reactors.

heavyweight /ˈhɛ.vi.weɪt/ heavyweights n
waga ciężka
(uncountable, boxing) The professional boxing weight class for boxers weighing more than 190 pounds; a boxer in that division.

hebetude /ˈhɛb.ə.tjuːd/ /ˈhɛb.ə.tuːd/ n
ogłupienie
Mental lethargy or dullness.

hecatomb /-tɒm/ /ˈhɛkətoʊm/ /ˈhɛkətuːm/ hecatombs n
hekatomba
(Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, historical) A great public sacrifice to the gods, originally of a hundred oxen; also, a great number of animals reserved for such a sacrifice.
(figuratively, literary, and, poetic) A great number of animals, people, or things that are sacrificed or destroyed; any great sacrifice; also (generally) , a large amount.

heckle /ˈhɛkəl/ v
przedrzeźniać
(transitive) To question harshly in an attempt to find or reveal weaknesses. [from later 18th c.]

heckler hecklers n
krzykacz krzykaczka
One who heckles; somebody who insults, makes fun of, or teases.

hectare /ˈhektaː/ /ˈhektɛː/ /ˈhɛk.tɑː/ /ˈhɛk.tɛə/ /ˈhɛk.tɛɹ/ hectares n
hektar
A unit of surface area (symbol ha) equal to 100 ares (that is, 10,000 square metres, one hundredth of a square kilometre, or approximately 2.5 acres), used for measuring the areas of geographical features such as land and bodies of water.

hectic /ˈhɛktɪk/ more hectic most hectic adj
hektyczny
(figurative) Very busy with activity and confusion.
(obsolete) Denoting a type of fever accompanying consumption and similar wasting diseases, characterised by flushed cheeks and dry skin.

hecto- prefix
hekto-
hundred

hectogon hectogons n
stukąt
(geometry) a polygon having a hundred sides

hectogram hectograms n
hektogram
(metrology) An SI unit of mass equal to 102 grams. Symbol: hg

hectohedron hectohedra hectohedrons n
stościan
(rare, geometry) A polyhedron with one hundred faces.

hectolitre hectolitres n
hektolitr
A unit of volume or capacity equivalent to 100 litres. Symbol: hL

hectometre hectometres n
hektometr
(metrology) An SI unit of length equal to 102 metres. Symbol: hm

hectopascal hectopascals n
hektopaskal
(metrology) An SI unit of pressure equal to 102 pascals. Symbol: hPa

heddle heddles n
struna nicielnicowa
A component in a loom, being one of a number of similar components, through the eye of each of which a distinct strand of the warp is threaded.

hedge /hɛd͡ʒ/ hedges n
żywopłot
A thicket of bushes or other shrubbery, especially one planted as a fence between two portions of land, or to separate the parts of a garden.

hedgehog /ˈhɛd͡ʒ.hɒɡ/ /ˈhɛd͡ʒ.hɔɡ/ hedgehogs n
jeż
A small mammal, of the family Erinaceidae or subfamily Erinaceinae (spiny hedgehogs, the latter characterized by their spiny back and often by the habit of rolling up into a ball when attacked.)
(US) Any of several spiny mammals, such as the porcupine, that are similar to the hedgehog.

hedonism /ˈhiːdənɪzəm/ /ˈhɛdənɪzəm/ hedonisms n
hedonizm
(ethics, uncountable) The belief that pleasure or happiness is the highest good in life. Some hedonists, such as the Epicureans, have insisted that pleasure of the entire mind, not just pleasure of the senses, is the highest good.
(countable) A general devotion to the pursuit of pleasure.

hedonistic /hidəˈnɪstɪk/ /ˈhɛdənɪstɪk/ more hedonistic most hedonistic adj
hedonistyczny
Devoted to pleasure

hee-haw /ˈhiː.hɔ̰̃ː/ hee-haws n
hi-ho
(countable) The cry of an ass or donkey.

heebie-jeebies /ˈhiː.biːˌdʒiː.biːz/ n
ciarki
(informal) A general feeling of anxiety, fear, uneasiness, or nausea.

heed /hiːd/ n
uwaga baczenie czujność
Careful attention.

heed /hiːd/ v
baczyć
(transitive) To mind; to regard with care; to take notice of; to attend to; to observe.

heel /hiːl/ heels n
pięta
(anatomy) The rear part of the foot, where it joins the leg.
The rear part of a sock or similar covering for the foot.
obcas
The part of a shoe's sole which supports the foot's heel.
The part of the palm of a hand closest to the wrist.
piętka przylepka
(US, Ireland, Scotland, Australia) A crust end-piece of a loaf of bread.

hefty /ˈhɛfti/ heftier heftiest adj
ciężki
Heavy, weighing a lot.

hegemon /ˈhɛ.d͡ʒɛ.mən/ hegemons n
hegemon
A dominating leader or force, especially that which dominates a separate political entity; a hegemonist.

hegemony /hɪˈd͡ʒɛm.ə.ni/ /hɪˈɡɛm.ə.ni/ /ˈhɛd͡ʒ.ə.moʊ.ni/ hegemonies n
hegemonia
(formal) Domination, influence, or authority over another, especially by one political group over a society or by one nation over others.

heifer /ˈhɛfə(ɹ)/ /ˈhɛfɚ/ heifers n
jałówka jałowica cielica
A young female cow, (particularly) one over one year old but which has not calved.

height /haɪt/ /heɪt/ heights n
wysokość
The distance from the base of something to the top of said thing.
wzrost
The vertical distance from the ground to the highest part of a standing person or animal (withers in the case of a horse).

heir /ɛə/ /ɛɚ/ heiress heirs n
spadkobierca dziedzic spadkobierczyni dziedzicka sukcesor sukcesorka
Someone who inherits, or is designated to inherit, the property of another.
następca następczyni sukcesor sukcesorka
One who inherits, or has been designated to inherit, a hereditary title or office.
następca następczyni
A successor in a role, representing continuity with the predecessor.

heir apparent heir apparents heirs apparent n
następca tronu następczyni tronu
(usually, monarchy) Someone who will definitely inherit if surviving the one whose property is to be inherited.

heiress /ɛəˈɹɛs/ heiresses n
spadkobierczyni dziedzicka sukcesorka
A woman who has a right of inheritance or who stands to inherit.

heirless adj
bezdziedziczny
Without an heir.

heirloom /ˈɛə.luːm/ /ˈɛəɹ.lum/ heirlooms n
dziedzictwo
A valued possession that has been passed down through the generations.

heist /haɪst/ heists n
napad skok
A robbery or burglary, especially from an institution such as a bank or museum.

heist /haɪst/ v
rabować
(transitive) To steal, rob, or hold up (something).

helical /ˈhiː.lɪ.kəl/ /ˈhɛl.ɪ.kəl/ more helical most helical adj
spiralny
In the shape of a helix.

helicopter /ˈheliˌkɔptə(ɹ)/ /ˈhɛl.iˌkɒp.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈhɛl.ɪˌkɒp.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptɚ/ helicopters n
helikopter śmigłowiec
(aviation) An aircraft that is borne along by one or more sets of long rotating blades which allow it to hover, move in any direction including reverse, or land; and typically having a smaller set of blades on its tail to stabilize the aircraft.

helio- prefix
helio-
Concerning the sun.

heliocentric /ˌhiːli.əʊˈsɛntɹɪk/ /ˌhiːlioʊˈsɛntɹɪk/ adj
heliocentryczny
(astronomy) Having the sun at the center/centre; usually in reference to a coordinate system or orbit. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

heliocentrism n
heliocentryzm
(astronomy, history) The theory that the sun is the center of the universe.

heliometer heliometers n
heliometr
An astronomical instrument, based on a telescope, for measuring the diameter of the sun; now used to measure the angular distance between stars and other celestial bodies.

heliopause heliopauses n
heliopauza
(astronomy) The boundary of heliosphere where the Sun's solar wind is stopped by the interstellar medium.

helioscope helioscopes n
helioskop
(astronomy) An apparatus for viewing the Sun without harming the eye, by means of an optical filter that attenuates most of sunlight while allowing only a small amount of the solar radiation.

heliosphere heliospheres n
heliosfera
(astronomy) The region of space where interstellar medium is blown away by solar wind; the boundary, heliopause, is often considered the edge of the Solar System.

heliotherapy heliotherapies n
helioterapia aktynoterapia światłolecznictwo
Any medical therapy by exposure to light.

heliotrope /-lɪ.əʊ-/ /ˈhi.li.əˌtɹoʊp/ /ˈhiː.li.ə.tɹəʊp/ /ˈhɛ-/ heliotropes n
heliotrop
(countable, botany, also, figuratively) A plant with flowers which turn to face and follow the sun, such as (archaic) marigolds and sunflowers.
(countable) An instrument that uses a mirror to reflect sunlight for purposes such as signalling, or (surveying) triangulation (where the reflected light is detected by another surveyor positioned some distance away).
(countable, uncountable, mineral) Synonym of bloodstone (“a green chalcedony that is sprinkled with red spots or veins of hematite”)
heliotrop heliotrop peruwiański tomiłek tomiłek peruwiański
(specifically) A plant of the genus Heliotropium, especially the common heliotrope (Heliotropium arborescens) which has clusters of purple flowers with a strong fragrance.

helium /ˈhiː.li.əm/ heliums n
hel
(uncountable) The second lightest chemical element (symbol He) with an atomic number of 2 and atomic weight of 4.002602, a colorless, odorless and inert noble gas.

helix /ˈhiːlɪks/ helices helixes n
helisa
(mathematics) A curve on the surface of a cylinder or cone such that its angle to a plane perpendicular to the axis is constant; the three-dimensional curve seen in a screw or a spiral staircase.
(anatomy) The incurved rim of the external ear.

hell /hɛl/ hells n
piekło
(countable, hyperbole, figuratively) A place or situation of great suffering in life.

hell /hɛl/ pn
piekło
(in many religions, uncountable) A place of torment where some or all sinners and evil spirits are believed to go after death.

hellebore /ˈhɛlɪbɔː/ /ˈhɛlɪbɔːɹ/ hellebores n
ciemiernik
Any of the common garden flowering plants of the genus Helleborus, in family Ranunculaceae, having supposed medicinal properties.

helleborine helleborines n
kruszczyk buławnik
Any of a number of species of orchid of the genera Epipactis and Cephalanthera.

heller hellers n
halerz
(historical) A German coin equivalent to half a pfennig, later used widely as a small coin in Central Europe and the German Empire.
A subdivision of the Czech, Slovakian and Czechoslovakian koruna. 100 hellers make up one koruna.

hellfire /ˈhɛlˌfaɪə/ /ˈhɛlˌfaɪəɹ/ hellfires n
ogień piekielny
(uncountable) The fire of Hell.

hellish /ˈhɛlɪʃ/ more hellish most hellish adj
piekielny
(hyperbolic) causing great pain, discomfort or distress

hello /həˈloʊ/ /həˈləʉ/ /həˈləʊ/ /hɛˈloʊ/ /hɛˈləʊ/ /ˈhɛloʊ/ interjection
cześć hej witaj witajcie dzień dobry czołem
A greeting (salutation) said when meeting someone or acknowledging someone’s arrival or presence.
halo słucham
A greeting used when answering the telephone.
halo? jest tu kto?
A call for response if it is not clear if anyone is present or listening, or if a telephone conversation may have been disconnected.

hello again interjection
witam ponownie witam znowu

helm /hɛlm/ helms n
ster
(nautical) The tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; also, the entire steering apparatus of a vessel.

helmet /ˈhɛlmət/ /ˈhɛlmɪt/ helmets n
hełm kask
A hard, protective head covering, typically part of armour.

helminth /ˈhɛl.mɪnθ/ helminths n
helmint
A parasitic worm; a fluke, tapeworm, or nematode.

helmsman helmsmen n
sternik
(nautical) A member of a ship's crew who is responsible for steering.

helot /ˈhɛlət/ helots n
helota
(historical, Ancient Greece) A member of the ancient Spartan class of serfs.

help /hɛlp/ /hɛp/ interjection
pomocy ratunku pomoc
A cry of distress or an urgent request for assistance

help /hɛlp/ /hɛp/ helps n
pomoc
(uncountable) Action given to provide assistance; aid.
(usually, uncountable) One or more people employed to help in the maintenance of a house or the operation of a farm or enterprise.
pomoc pomocnica pomocnik
Something or someone which provides assistance with a task.

help /hɛlp/ /hɛp/ v
pomagać pomóc
(transitive) To provide assistance to (someone or something).

help desk help desks n
obsługa klienta
A section of an organization offering specialist advice to customers or users who have problems, especially with computer equipment or systems.

help is on the way phraseologicalUnit
pomoc jest już w drodze pomoc jest w drodze
Used to inform the interlocutor that emergency assistance is approaching.

help oneself v
częstować się
(reflexive) To take something freely; to serve oneself without restraint.

help out v
pomóc
(transitive, intransitive) To provide assistance.

help wanted phraseologicalUnit
szukamy pracownika
Indicates that a position of employment is open.

helper /ˈhɛlpɚ/ helpers n
pomocnik pomocnica
One who helps; an aide; assistant; auxiliary.

helpful /ˈhɛlp.fəl/ /ˈhɛlp.fʊl/ more helpful most helpful adj
pomocny uczynny
Furnishing help; giving aid; useful.

helping hand helping hands n
pomocna dłoń
(idiomatic) Any assistance, help or aid.

helpless /ˈhɛlplɪs/ more helpless most helpless adj
bezbronny bezradny bezsilny
Unable to defend oneself.

helplessly /ˈhɛlpləsli/ more helplessly most helplessly adv
bezbronnie bezradnie bezsilnie

helplessness helplessnesses n
bezradność bezbronność bezsilność
The state of being helpless.

helpline helplines n
infolinia
(telecommunications) A telephone service (or (by extension) one using email, SMS, or the Web) which offers help to those who call, as either a public emergency service or customer service.

helpmate helpmates n
mat pomocniczy
(chess) A recreational problem in chess in which both sides cooperate to achieve a specific goal.

helter-skelter /ˌhɛltəˈskɛltə/ /ˌhɛltɚˈskɛltɚ/ more helter-skelter most helter-skelter adj
bezładny
Carelessly hurried and confused.

helter-skelter /ˌhɛltəˈskɛltə/ /ˌhɛltɚˈskɛltɚ/ more helter-skelter most helter-skelter adv
bezładnie na łeb, na szyję
In confused, disorderly haste.

hem /hɛm/ /hɪm/ hems n
obszycie obrębek
(sewing) The border of an article of clothing doubled back and stitched together to finish the edge and prevent it from fraying.

hem in v
otoczyć
To surround and enclose in a way that restricts movement.

hemangioma hemangiomas hemangiomata n
naczyniak krwionośny
(pathology) A congenital, benign tumor of endothelial cells.

hematite /ˈhiː.məˌtaɪt/ /ˈhɛm.əˌtaɪt/ hematites n
hematyt
(mineral) An iron ore, mainly peroxide of iron, Fe2O3.

hematocrit /hɪˈmæt.ək.ɹɪt/ hematocrits n
hematokryt

hematoma /ˌhiməˈtoʊmə/ hematomas hematomata n
krwiak
(pathology) A swelling of blood, usually clotted, which forms as a result of broken blood vessels.

hematophagy /ˌhi.məˈtɑf.ə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌhiː.məˈtɒf.ə.dʒɪ/ /ˌhiː.məˈtɒf.ə.ɡɪ/ n
hematofag
The practice, of some animals, of feeding on blood.

hematopoiesis /ˌhimətoʊ.pojˈisɪs/ hematopoieses n
hematopoeza hemopoeza
(hematology, cytology) The process by which blood cells are produced.

hematuria hematurias n
hematuria krwiomocz
(pathology) The presence of blood in the urine

hemi- prefix
hemi- pół-
Half.

hemicellulose hemicelluloses n
hemiceluloza
(carbohydrate) A mixture of several plant polysaccharides, of smaller molecular weight than cellulose, that are soluble in dilute alkali; they are involved in the manufacture of paper, and are used in the production of furfural and ethanol.

hemicryptophyte /hɛmɪˈkɹɪptəʊfaɪt/ hemicryptophytes n
hemikryptofit
(botany) Any plant whose buds rest on the surface, being protected in various ways.

hemipelvectomy hemipelvectomies n
hemipelwektomia
(surgery) The surgical removal of half of the pelvis, and the leg on that side.

hemisphere /ˈhɛmɪsfɪə/ /ˈhɛmɪsfɪəɹ/ hemispheres n
półkula
(geography) Half of the Earth, such as the Northern Hemisphere, Southern Hemisphere, Western Hemisphere or Eastern Hemisphere, Land Hemisphere, Water Hemisphere etc. [1550s].
(anatomy) Either of the two halves of the cerebrum. [1804].

hemispherectomy hemispherectomies n
hemisferektomia
(neurosurgery) Surgical removal of a hemisphere of the brain, usually performed to control otherwise uncontrollable epilepsy.

hemlock /ˈhɛmˌlɒk/ hemlocks n
szczwół
Any of the poisonous umbelliferous plants, of the genera
choina
Any of several coniferous trees, of the genus Tsuga, that grow in North America; the wood of such trees. [from 1670]

hemodialysis hemodialyses n
hemodializa
(medicine) A dialysis utilizing extracorporeal removal of waste products from the blood in the case of kidney failure.

hemodynamics /ˌhimoʊdaɪˈnæmɪks/ n
hemodynamika
(medicine) The circulation and movement of blood in the body, and the forces involved therein.

hemoglobin hemoglobins n
hemoglobina
(American spelling) The iron-containing substance in red blood cells that transports oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body; it consists of a protein (globulin), and haem (a porphyrin ring with an atom of iron at its centre).

hemoglobinous more hemoglobinous most hemoglobinous adj
dotyczący hemoglobiny

hemoptysis hemoptyses n
krwioplucie
(medicine) expectoration (coughing up) of blood from the respiratory system

hemorrhage /ˈhɛm(ə)ɹɪd͡ʒ/ hemorrhages n
krwotok krwawienie
A heavy release of blood within or from the body.

hemorrhoid /ˈhɛməɹɔɪd/ /ˈhɛmɹɔɪd/ hemorrhoids n
hemoroid
(pathology, often, in the plural) An engorged, dilated and easily broken varicosity in the perianal area, often accompanied by intense itching and throbbing pain: piles.

hemorrhoidal adj
hemoroidalny
Of or relating to hemorrhoids.

hemotherapy hemotherapies n
hemoterapia

hemp /hɛmp/ hemps n
konopie
A tall annual herb, Cannabis sativa, native to Asia.

hempseed hempseeds n
siemię konopne
The seed of the hemp plant, used as high-protein food or fishing bait.

hen /hɛn/ hens n
kura
A female chicken (Gallus gallus), particularly a sexually mature one kept for her eggs.
A female of other bird species, particularly a sexually mature female fowl.
(figuratively) A woman.
(figuratively, pejorative, uncommon) A henlike person of either sex.

hen harrier hen harriers n
błotniak zbożowy
A bird of prey, Circus cyaneus, which breeds in the northern parts of Eurasia.

henbane /ˈhɛnbeɪn/ henbanes n
lulek
A poisonous plant, Hyoscyamus niger, used sometimes as a drug that causes at least hallucinations, dilated pupils, restlessness, and flushed skin.

hence /ˈhɛns/ adv
stąd
(archaic) From here, from this place, away.
więc w związku z tym przeto skutkiem tego
(conjunctive) As a result; therefore, for this reason.

henchman /ˈhɛnt͡ʃ.mən/ henchmen n
poplecznik stronnik zausznik
A loyal and trusted follower or subordinate.
A person who supports a political figure chiefly out of selfish interests.
zbir gangster
An assistant member of a criminal gang.

hendecagon hendecagons n
jedenastokąt
(geometry) a polygon with eleven edges and eleven angles.

hendecagonal adj
podobny do jedenastokątu

hendecahedron hendecahedra hendecahedrons n
11-ścian
(geometry) A polyhedron with eleven faces.

hendecasyllabic /henˌdek.ə.sɪˈlæb.ɪk/ /hɛnˌdɛk.ə.sɪˈlæb.ɪk/ adj
jedenastozgłoskowy
Having eleven syllables.

heneicosane heneicosanes n
heneikozan

henhouse henhouses n
kurnik
Synonym of hencoop.

henna /hɛnə/ hennas n
henna lawsonia
(countable) A shrub, Lawsonia inermis, having fragrant reddish flowers
henna
(countable, uncountable) A reddish plant substance, prepared from the dried leaves of this plant, used for temporary tattoos and hair coloring. Hair colorings range from bright red to earth brown to near black.
(countable, and, uncountable) A rich reddish-brown colour.

hennin hennins n
hennin
(historical) A headdress in the shape of a cone, "steeple" or truncated cone worn by European women of the nobility in medieval times.

henotheism /ˈhɛnoʊˌθiɪz(ə)m/ /ˈhɛnəʊˌθiːɪz(ə)m/ henotheisms n
henoteizm
Belief in or worship of one deity without denying the existence of other deities.

henpecked /ˈhɛnpɛkt/ more henpecked most henpecked adj
pantoflarz pod pantoflem pozbadnięty
(particularly of husbands or boyfriends) Intimidated or overwhelmed by a nagging or overbearing matriarch, wife, or girlfriend.

henry henries henrys n
henr
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of electrical inductance; the inductance induced in a circuit by a rate of change of current of one ampere per second and a resulting electromotive force of one volt. Symbol: H

hentai /ˈhɛn.taɪ/ hentai n
hentai
A work of anime or manga (or any similar medium) that contains heavily sexual or pornographic art.

hentriacontane hentriacontanes n
hentriakontan

heparin /ˈhɛp.ə.ɹɪn/ heparins n
heparyna
(carbohydrate, pharmaceutical drug) A compound occurring in the liver and other tissues which inhibits blood coagulation. A sulfur-containing polysaccharide, it is used as an anticoagulant in the treatment of thrombosis.

hepatectomy hepatectomies n
hepatektomia
(surgery) The surgical removal of all or part of the liver.

hepatic /həˈpætɪk/ /hɪˈpætɪk/ adj
wątrobowy wątrobiany
Of or relating to the liver.

hepatitis /ˌhɛpəˈtaɪ̯tɪs/ hepatitides hepatitises n
zapalenie wątroby
Inflammation of the liver, sometimes caused by a viral infection.

hepatitis A n
WZW typu A wirusowe zapalenie wątroby typu A
An acute form of hepatitis, transmitted by the orofecal route.

hepta- /hɛptə-/ /hɛpˈtæ-/ prefix
hepta-
seven

heptacontagon heptacontagons n
70[[kąt|-okąt]]
(geometry) A polygon with seventy edges.

heptadecagon heptadecagons n
siedemnastokąt
(geometry) A polygon with seventeen sides and seventeen angles.

heptadecane heptadecanes n
heptadekan

heptagon /ˈhɛp.tə.ɡɒn/ /ˈhɛp.tə.ɡən/ heptagons n
siedmiokąt
(geometry) A polygon with seven sides and seven angles.

heptagram heptagrams n
heptagram
Either of two regular seven-pointed stars, drawn with the construction lines retained; a heptangle.

heptahedron heptahedra heptahedrons n
siedmiościan
(geometry) A polyhedron with seven faces.

heptalingual more heptalingual most heptalingual adj
siedmiojęzyczny
speaking seven languages
written in seven languages

heptane heptanes n
heptan
(organic compound) Any of the nine isomers of the saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon C7H16, obtained from petroleum, especially n-heptane (CH3(CH2)5CH3)

heptarchy /ˈhɛptɑː(ɹ)ki/ heptarchies n
heptarchia
A group of seven states, especially (historical) those in Anglo-Saxon Britain.

heptathlon /hɛpˈtæθlɒn/ heptathla heptathlons n
siedmiobój
(athletics) An athletic contest comprising seven events; contested mostly by women, for whom this is an Olympic sport.

her /ə(ɹ)/ /ɚ/ /ˈhɜː(ɹ)/ /ˈhɝ/ determiner
jej
Belonging to her (belonging to that female, or in poetic or old-fashioned language that ship, city, season, etc).

her /ə(ɹ)/ /ɚ/ /ˈhɜː(ɹ)/ /ˈhɝ/ pronoun
jej ją niej nią
The form of she used after a preposition, as the object of a verb, or (colloquial) as a subject with a conjunction; that woman, that ship, etc.

herald /ˈhɛɹəld/ heralds n
herold
A messenger, especially one bringing important news.
A harbinger, giving signs of things to come.
(heraldry) An official whose speciality is heraldry, especially one between the ranks of pursuivant and king-of-arms.
szczerbówka
(entomology) A moth of the species Scoliopteryx libatrix.

heraldic more heraldic most heraldic adj
heraldyczny
Of, or relating to heraldry or heralds.

heraldry /ˈhɛɹ.əl.dɹi/ heraldries n
heraldyka
(uncountable) The profession or art of devising, granting and blazoning coats of arms, tracing genealogies and ruling on questions of protocol or rank.

herb /(h)ɝb/ /h/ /hɜːb/ herbs n
zioło ziele
(countable) Any green, leafy plant, or parts thereof, used to flavour or season food.
zioło zioło lecznicze
(countable) A plant whose roots, leaves or seeds, etc. are used in medicine.
zioło
(uncountable, slang) Cannabis.

herbaceous /(h)ɝˈbeɪ.ʃəs/ /hə(ɹ)ˈbeɪ.ʃəs/ more herbaceous most herbaceous adj
zielny
(botany) Not woody, lacking lignified tissues.

herbal /ˈhɜːbəl/ /ˈɝbəl/ adj
ziołowy
Made from or with herbs.

herbal tea herbal teas n
herbata ziołowa napar
A beverage made by infusing the leaves of various herbs, generally not including true tea (Camellia sinensis).

herbalist herbalists n
zielarz
A person who treats diseases by means of medicinal herbs.

herbarium herbaria herbariums n
zielnik herbarium
A collection of dried plants or parts of plants.

herbes de Provence n
zioła prowansalskie

herbicidal adj
chwastobójczy
of, or relating to herbicides

herbicide herbicides n
herbicyd
A substance used to kill plants.

herbivore /ˈ(h)ɜːɹbɪvɔːɹ/ /ˈhɜːbɪvɔː(ɹ)/ herbivores n
roślinożerca
An organism that feeds chiefly on plants; an animal that feeds on herbage or vegetation as the main part of its diet.

herbivorous /(h)ɜːɹˈbɪvəɹəs/ more herbivorous most herbivorous adj
roślinożerny
Feeding chiefly on plants.

herd /hɜːd/ /hɝd/ herds n
stado trzoda
A number of domestic animals assembled together under the watch or ownership of a keeper. [from 11th c.]
pasterz
(now, rare) Someone who keeps a group of domestic animals.
stado
Any collection of animals gathered or travelling in a company. [from 13th c.]
(now, usually, pejorative) A crowd, a mass of people or things; a rabble. [from 15th c.]

herd immunity /ˈhəːd ɪˈmjuːnɪti/ /ˈhɚd ɪˈmjunəti/ [-ɾi] herd immunities n
odporność stadna
(epidemiology) The indirect protection against the spread of a contagious disease in a given population caused by the immunity of a significant proportion of the population to that particular disease; the immunity may have been obtained through having survived the infection or through vaccination. [from early 20th c.]

herder /ˈhɜːdə/ /ˈhɝːdɚ/ herders n
pasterz pasterka pastuch pastuszka
One who herds.

herding dog herding dogs n
pies pasterski
A dog bred for working cattle, sheep, or other livestock. For example, the various shepherd breeds.

herdsman herdsmen n
pastuch
A person who tends livestock, especially cows and sheep; especially, the foreman among a group of such farmworkers, usually with more knowledge and experience.

here /hiːɹ/ /hjɜː/ /hɪə̯(ɹ)/ /hɪə̯/ /hɪɚ̯/ /hɪɹ/ /hɪː(ɹ)/ /hɪː/ /ˈhi.ə/ adv
tu tutaj
(location) In, on, or at this place.
tutaj dotąd
(location) To this place; used in place of the more dated hither.

here /hiːɹ/ /hjɜː/ /hɪə̯(ɹ)/ /hɪə̯/ /hɪɚ̯/ /hɪɹ/ /hɪː(ɹ)/ /hɪː/ /ˈhi.ə/ n
tu tutaj
(abstract) This place; this location.

here and there adv
tu i tam gdzieniegdzie miejscami tam i sam tu i ówdzie
In, at or to various places; in one place and another.

here goes nothing interjection
raz kozie śmierć
(idiomatic) Indicates a lack of confidence or certainty about the activity about to be tried.

here lies phraseologicalUnit
tu leży tu spoczywa
A phrase written on gravestones followed by the buried person's name.

here you are phraseologicalUnit
masz proszę
(idiomatic) Said when handing something over to someone or doing a favour to them, usually to draw the recipient's attention to the exchange; equivalent to “thank you” when receiving something.

hereby /hɪəˈbʌɪ/ /hɪɹˈbaɪ/ adv
niniejszym
(formal) By this means, action or process.

hereditary /həˈɹɛdɪt(ə)ɹi/ /həˈɹɛdɪˌtɛɹi/ more hereditary most hereditary adj
dziedziczny
Passed on as an inheritance, by last will or intestate.
Of a title, honor or right: legally granted to somebody's descendant after that person's death.
Of a person: holding a legally hereditary title or rank.
Of a disease or trait: passed from a parent to offspring in the genes.

heredity /həˈɹɛɾəɾi/ /hɪˈɹɛdɪti/ heredities n
dziedziczność
Hereditary transmission of the physical and genetic qualities of parents to their offspring; the biological law by which living beings tend to repeat their characteristics in their descendants.

heresiarch /həˈɹiziɑɹk/ /hɛˈɹiːzɪɑːk/ /ˈhɛɹɪsɪˌɑːk/ heresiarchs n
herezjarcha
(religion) The founder of a heresy, or a major ecclesiastical proponent of such a heresy. [from mid 16th c.]

heresy /ˈhɛɹəsi/ heresies n
herezja kacerstwo bogoburstwo
(religion) a doctrine held by a member of a religion at variance with established religious beliefs
herezja
(by extension) A controversial or unorthodox opinion held by a member of a group, as in politics, philosophy or science.

heretic /ˈhɛɹɪtɪk/ heretics n
heretyk kacerz heretyczka kacerka
Someone whose beliefs are contrary to the fundamental tenets of a religion they claim to belong to.

heretical /həˈɹɛtɪkəl/ more heretical most heretical adj
bogoburczy
Of or pertaining to heresy or heretics.

heritage /ˈhɛɹ.ɪ.tɪd͡ʒ/ heritages n
spadek
An inheritance; property that may be inherited.
dziedzictwo spuścizna
A tradition; a practice or set of values that is passed down from preceding generations through families or through institutional memory.

hermaphrodite /hɝˈmæfɹədaɪt/ adj
hermafrodyczny
(biology) Having both ovaries and testes or both stamens and pistils.
Combining two opposing qualities.

hermaphrodite /hɝˈmæfɹədaɪt/ hermaphrodites n
hermafrodyta
A person or thing possessing two opposing qualities.
hermafrodyta obojnak
(WWI, _, military, historical) An armoured fighting vehicle having features of both male tanks and female tanks.

hermaphroditic adj
hermafrodytyczny
Of or pertaining to hermaphrodism; being a hermaphrodite. [from the early 17th c.]

hermaphroditically adv
hermafrodytycznie obupłciowo
In a hermaphroditic manner.

hermeneutical /hɝməˈn(j)uːtɪkəl/ adj
hermeneutyczny
Of or pertaining to hermeneutics, the study or theory of the methodical interpretation of text, especially holy texts.

hermeneutics /hɜːɹməˈnjuːtɪks/ hermeneutics n
hermeneutyka
The study or theory of the methodical interpretation of text, especially holy texts.

hermetic /hə(ɹ)ˈmɛtɪk/ more hermetic most hermetic adj
hermetyczny
(chiefly, capitalized) Pertaining to Hermes Trismegistus or the writings attributed to him.
Hermetically sealed.
hermetyczny zamknięty
Isolated, away from outside influence.

hermetically more hermetically most hermetically adv
hermetycznie
In a hermetic manner; isolatedly.

hermit /ˈhɜːmɪt/ /ˈhɝmɪt/ hermits n
pustelnik anachoreta eremita odludek pustelnica pustelniczka
A religious recluse; someone who lives alone for religious reasons; an eremite.
pustelnik odludek pustelnica pustelniczka samotnica samotniczka
A recluse; someone who lives alone and shuns human companionship.

hermit crab hermit crabs n
krab pustelnik pustelnik rak pustelnik
A decapod crustacean (not a true crab) from the superfamily Paguroidea, which salvages empty seashells or other portable objects to permanently shelter and protect its soft abdomen.

hermit thrush hermit thrushes n
drozdek samotny
A species of solitary thrush native to North America (Catharus guttatus).

hermitage /ˈhɜːmɪtɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈhɝmɪtɪd͡ʒ/ hermitages n
erem eremitorium pustelnia ermitaż
A house or dwelling where a hermit lives.
erem eremitorium pustelnia ermitaż samotnia ustronie
A place of seclusion.
odosobnienie
A period of seclusion.

hermiticity n
hermitowskość

hernia /ˈhɜː(ɹ)niə/ herniae hernias herniæ n
przepuklina
(diseases) A disorder in which a part of the body protrudes abnormally through a tear or opening in an adjacent part, especially of the abdomen.

herniated adj
przepuklinowy
Having or forming a hernia.

hero /ˈhiɹ.oʊ/ /ˈhɛɹ.oʊ/ /ˈhɪə.ɹəʊ/ /ˈhɪɹ.oʊ/ [ˈhɪə.ɹəʊ~ˈçɪə.ɹəʊ] heroes heroine heros n
bohater heros bohaterka
Somebody who possesses great bravery and carries out extraordinary or noble deeds.
bohater
A role model.
The protagonist in a work of fiction.

heroic /hɪˈɹoʊ.ɪk/ /hɪˈɹəʊ.ɪk/ more heroic most heroic adj
bohaterski heroiczny
Of or relating to a hero or heroine; supremely noble.

heroically more heroically most heroically adv
bohatersko
In a heroic manner, like a hero.

heroicomical more heroicomical most heroicomical adj
heroikomiczny

heroin /ˈhɛɹoʊ.ɪn/ heroins n
heroina
A powerful and addictive drug derived from opium producing intense euphoria. Classed as an illegal narcotic in most of the world. [from late 19th century]

heroine /ˈhɛɹoʊɪn/ /ˈhɪɹoʊɪn/ hero heroines n
bohaterka
A female hero.

heroism /ˈhiɹoʊɪzəm/ /ˈhɛɹoʊɪzəm/ /ˈhɛɹəʊɪzəm/ heroisms n
bohaterstwo heroizm bohaterskość
The qualities characteristic of a hero, such as courage, bravery, fortitude, selflessness, etc.; the display of such qualities.

heron /ˈhɛɹən/ herons n
czapla
A long-legged, long-necked wading bird of the family Ardeidae.

herpes /ˈhɚ.piz/ /ˈhɜː(ɹ).piz/ herpeses n
opryszczka
(medicine) A viral infection, caused by Human alphaherpesvirus 1 and Human alphaherpesvirus 2, marked by painful, watery blisters in the skin or mucous membranes or on the genitals.

herpetological more herpetological most herpetological adj
herpetologiczny
Of or relating to herpetology, the study of reptiles.

herpetologist herpetologists n
herpetolog
One who studies reptiles and amphibians; a reptile and amphibian specialist.

herring /ˈhɛɹɪŋ/ herring herrings n
śledź
Fish similar to those in genus Clupea, many of those in the order Clupeiformes.

herring gull herring gulls n
mewa srebrzysta
Any of a group of large seagulls in the Larus genus.

herringbone /ˈhɛɹɪŋˌboʊn/ herringbones n
jodełka
A zigzag pattern, especially made by bricks, on a cloth, or by stitches in sewing.

hers /əz/ /ɚz/ /ˈhɜːz/ /ˈhɝz/ pronoun
jej
That which belongs to her; the possessive case of she, used without a following noun. [from 12th c.]

hertz /hɜːs/ /hɜːts/ /hɝts/ hertz hertzes n
herc
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of frequency; one (period or cycle of any periodic event) per second. Symbol: Hz

hesitate /ˈhez.ə.tæɪt/ /ˈhɛz.ə.teɪt/ /ˈhɛz.ɪ.teɪt/ v
wahać się wahać
(intransitive) To stop or pause respecting decision or action; to be in suspense or uncertainty as to a determination.
jąkać się
(intransitive) To stammer; to falter in speaking.

hesitation /hɛzɪˈteɪʃən/ hesitations n
niezdecydowanie wahanie
An act of hesitating

hetaera /hɪˈtaɪɹə/ /hɪˈtɪəɹə/ hetaerae hetaeras n
hetera
(historical, Ancient Greece) A highly cultivated hired female companion who would entertain upper-class male clients and might perform sex acts for them.

hetero- prefix
hetero-
other, different.

heterodoxy /ˈhɛtɛɹədɒksi/ heterodoxies n
heterodoksja
A heterodox belief, creed, or teaching.

heterogamete heterogametes n
anizogameta heterogameta

heterogeneity heterogeneities n
niejednorodność
(countable) A composition of diverse parts.

heterogeneous /ˌhɛt.(ə)ˈɹɑd͡ʒ.ə.nəs/ /ˌhɛt.(ə)ˈɹɒd͡ʒ.ə.nəs/ /ˌhɛt.(ə.)ɹoʊˈd͡ʒiː.ni.əs/ /ˌhɛt.(ə.)ɹəʊˈd͡ʒiː.nɪəs/ /ˌhɛt.(ə.)ɹəˈd͡ʒiː.ni.əs/ /ˌhɛt.(ə.)ɹəˈd͡ʒiː.nɪəs/ more heterogeneous most heterogeneous adj
heterogeniczny niejednorodny
Diverse in kind or nature; composed of diverse parts.

heteronormalization n
czynienie heteronomicznym

heteronormalize /ˌhɛtəɹəʊˈnɔːməlaɪz/ v
czynić heteronomicznym

heteronym /ˈhɛt.ə.ɹoʊ.nɪm/ /ˈhɛt.ə.ɹə.nɪm/ /ˈhɛt.əɹ.ə(ʊ).nɪm/ heteronyms n
heteronim
(literature) A fictitious character created by an author for the purpose of writing in a different style.

heterophobia n
heterofobia
Fear or resentment of heterosexuals or heterosexuality.

heterosexism heterosexisms n
heteroseksizm
Discrimination or prejudice in favor of heterosexuals.

heterosexual /ˌhɛtəɹoʊˈsɛkʃuəl/ /ˌhɛtəɹəˈsɛkʃuəl/ /ˌhɛtɹəˈsɛkʃuəl/ more heterosexual most heterosexual adj
heteroseksualny
Sexually attracted to members of the opposite sex.

heterosexual /ˌhɛtəɹoʊˈsɛkʃuəl/ /ˌhɛtəɹəˈsɛkʃuəl/ /ˌhɛtɹəˈsɛkʃuəl/ heterosexuals n
hetero
A heterosexual person, or other heterosexual organism.

heterosexuality heterosexualities n
heteroseksualizm
The state of being sexually and romantically attracted primarily or exclusively to persons of the opposite sex.
Sexual activity with a person of the opposite sex.

heterosexually adj
heteroseksualnie
In a heterosexual way.

heterotrophic adj
cudzożywny
Being a heterotroph.

hetman hetmans hetmen n
hetman
Title used by the second-highest military commander in Poland and Lithuania (15th to 18th century).

hetmanate hetmanates n
hetmanat hetmańszczyzna
Government by a hetman, or the territory thereby governed.

heuristic /hjuˈɹɪstɪk/ /hjʊˈɹɪstɪk/ more heuristic most heuristic adj
heurystyczny heurystyka
(of an approach to problem solving, learning, or discovery) That employs a practical method not guaranteed to be optimal or perfect; either not following or derived from any theory, or based on an advisedly oversimplified one. [from 1821]

heuristic /hjuˈɹɪstɪk/ /hjʊˈɹɪstɪk/ heuristics n
heurystyka
A heuristic method. [from 1860]

heuristics /hjuˈɹɪstɪks/ n
heurystyka

hew /hjuː/ v
rąbać siec
(ambitransitive) To chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down.

hex /hɛks/ hexes n
klątwa przekleństwo urok
An evil spell or curse.
wiedźma
A witch.

hexa- prefix
heks- heksa-
six

hexacontagon hexacontagons n
60[[kąt|-okąt]]

hexacontane hexacontanes n
heksakontan

hexadecagon hexadecagons n
szesnastokąt
(geometry) A polygon with sixteen sides and sixteen angles.

hexadecahedron hexadecahedra hexadecahedrons n
16[[ściana|-ościan]]
(geometry) A polyhedron with sixteen faces.

hexadecane hexadecanes n
heksadekan
(organic compound) Any of the very many isomeric aliphatic hydrocarbons of general formula C16H34

hexadecimal /ˌhɛksəˈdɛsɪməl/ adj
szesnastkowy
Of a number, expressed in hexadecimal.

hexadecimal /ˌhɛksəˈdɛsɪməl/ hexadecimals n
system szesnastkowy
(arithmetic, computing, uncountable) A number system with base sixteen, using the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E and F, most used in computing as a hexadecimal digit can represent four bits, half a standard byte, and thus a single byte can be represented conveniently with two digits.

hexagon /ˈhɛk.sə.ɡɑn/ /ˈhɛk.sə.ɡən/ hexagons n
sześciokąt
(geometry) A polygon with six sides and six angles.

hexagonal /hɛkˈsæɡənəl/ adj
sześciokątny
(geometry) Having six edges, or having a cross-section in the form of a hexagon.

hexagram /ˈhɛksəɡɹæm/ hexagrams n
heksagram
A hollow six-pointed star formed by overlapping two equilateral triangles. [1826]

hexahedron /hɛksəˈhiːdɹən/ hexahedra hexahedrons n
sześciościan
(geometry) A polyhedron with six faces. The regular hexahedron is the cube, and is one of the Platonic solids.

hexalingual /ˌhɛk.sə.ˈlɪŋ.ɡju.əl/ /ˌhɛk.sə.ˈlɪŋ.ɡwəl/ adj
sześciojęzyczny
written in six languages
speaking six languages

hexameter hexameters n
heksametr
(countable) A line in a poem having six metrical feet.
(uncountable) A poetic metre in which each line has six feet.

hexane /ˈhɛkseɪn/ hexanes n
heksan
(organic compound) Any of five isomeric aliphatic hydrocarbons, C6H14. They are colorless, volatile liquids.

hexapod /ˈhɛk.sə.pɑd/ /ˈhɛk.sə.pɒd/ hexapods n
sześcionóg
Any organism, being or robot with six legs.
An arthropod with six feet; a member of subphylum Hexapoda.

hexecontahedron /ˌhɛksəˌkɒntəˈhiːdɹən/ hexecontahedra n
60-ościan
(geometry) A 60-faced polyhedron.

hexoctahedron hexoctahedra hexoctahedrons n
czterdziestoośmiościan

hey /heɪ/ interjection
e ej hej
An exclamation to get attention.
ej ejże hola
A protest or reprimand.
o ojej
An expression of surprise.
hej
(mostly, US) An informal greeting, similar to hi.

hi /ˈhaɪ̯/ interjection
cześć hej
A friendly, informal, casual greeting said upon someone's arrival.

hiatus /haɪˈeɪtəs/ hiatus hiatuses n
przerwa
An interruption, break or pause.

hibernal more hibernal most hibernal adj
zimowy
Of or pertaining to winter; brumal or hiemal

hibernate /ˈhaɪbə(r)ˌneɪt/ /ˈhaɪbərˌneɪt/ /ˈhʌɪbərˌneɪt/ [ˈhäɪbɚˌneɪt] [ˈhɑɪbəˌnɛɪt] [ˈhəɪbɚˌne(ɪ)t] v
hibernować
(intransitive, biology) To spend the winter in a dormant or inactive state of minimal activity, low body temperature, slow breathing and heart rate, and low metabolic rate; to go through a winter sleep.

hibernation /ˌhaɪ.bəɹˈneɪ.ʃən/ /ˌhaɪ.bəːˈneɪ.ʃən/ [ˌhaɪ.bəːˈneɪ.ʃn̩] [ˌhaɪ.bɚˈneɪ.ʃn̩] hibernations n
sen zimowy hibernacja
(biology, sleep) A state of minimum power consumption, inactivity and metabolic depression in some animals during winter.
hibernacja
(biology, sleep, space) A hypothetical state of minimum power consumption, inactivity and metabolic depression in humans during long space flights.
(computing) A standby state which conserves power by writing the contents of the memory to disk and completely power off the computer, in order that one will resume the session from the disk.

hibiscus /haɪˈbɪskəs/ /hɪˈbɪskəs/ hibisci hibiscuses n
hibiskus ketmia
A flowering plant of the genus Hibiscus, especially Hibiscus syriacus, found in tropical to temperate regions, of some species used for making infusions/tea.

hic et nunc more hic et nunc most hic et nunc adv
tu i teraz

hiccup /ˈhɪkəp/ /ˈhɪkʌp/ hiccups n
czkawka
A spasm of the diaphragm, or the resulting sound.
(informal) A minor setback.

hiccup /ˈhɪkəp/ /ˈhɪkʌp/ v
czkać czknąć
(intransitive) To produce a hiccup; have the hiccups.

hick /hɪk/ hicks n
prostak
(pejorative) An awkward, naive, clumsy and/or rude country person. [from early 18th c.]

hickey /ˈhɪk.i/ hickeys n
malinka
(originally, US, slang) A bruise-like mark made during petting by pressing the mouth to the skin on one’s partner’s body and sucking. [from 1934]

hidden /ˈhɪd(ə)n/ /ˈhɪdn/ more hidden most hidden adj
ukryty
Located or positioned out of sight; not visually apparent.
Obscure.

hide /haɪd/ hides n
skóra
(countable) The skin of an animal.

hide /haɪd/ v
ukryć schować ukrywać skrywać chować skryć
(transitive) To put (something) in a place where it will be harder to discover or out of sight.
schować chować skrywać skryć
(intransitive) To put oneself in a place where one will be harder to find or out of sight.

hide and seek n
zabawa w chowanego chowaniec chowanka chowany
(playground game) A game where the players have to hide and one has to seek them out.

hide one's light under a bushel /ˌhaɪd wʌnz ˈlaɪt ˌʌndɚ‿ə ˈbʊʃ(ə)l/ /ˌhaɪd wʌnz ˈlaɪt ˌʌndɚ‿ə ˈbʊʃl̩/ v
chować pod korcem schować pod korcem trzymać pod korcem
(idiomatic) To conceal one's positive qualities or talents, especially due to modesty or shyness; to avoid attention.

hideaway /ˈhaɪdəˌweɪ/ hideaways n
ermitaż pustelnia samotnia ustronie

hideous /ˈhɪd.i.əs/ /ˈhɪd.iː.ʌs/ more hideous most hideous adj
obrzydliwy ohydny
Extremely or shockingly ugly.

hideout /ˈhaɪdˌaʊt/ hideouts n
kryjówka skrytka ukrycie
A place to hide.

hiding place /ˈhaɪdɪŋ ˌpleɪs/ hiding places n
schowek kryjówka
A place where someone or something may be hidden.

hierarchical /ˌhaɪəˈɹɑːkɪkəl/ /ˌhaɪˈɹɑːɹkɪkəl/ adj
hierarchiczny
Pertaining to a hierarchy.
Classified or arranged according to various criteria into successive ranks or grades.

hierarchically /ˈhaɪə(ɹ)ˌæk.ɪkli/ /ˈhaɪə(ɹ)ˌɑː(ɹ)k.ɪk.æli/ /ˈhaɪə(ɹ)ˌɑː(ɹ)k.ɪkli/ more hierarchically most hierarchically adv
hierarchicznie
Of, relating to, or arranged in a hierarchy

hierarchization hierarchizations n
hierarchizacja

hierarchy /ˈhaɪ.ə.ɹɑː(ɹ).ki/ /ˈhaɪ.ɹɑː(ɹ).ki/ hierarchies n
hierarchia
A body of authoritative officials organized in nested ranks.
Any group of objects ranked so that every one but the topmost is subordinate to a specified one above it.

hiero- prefix
hiero-

hieroglyph /ˈhaɪ.ɹəʊˌɡlɪf/ /ˈhaɪ.ɹəˌɡlɪf/ /ˈhaɪɚ.oʊˌɡlɪf/ /ˈhaɪɚ.əˌɡlɪf/ hieroglyphs n
hieroglif
An element of a hieroglyphic writing system.

hierophany /ˌhaɪ.əˈɹɒ.fə.ni/ /ˌhaɪˈɹɒ.fə.ni/ hierophanies n
hierofania
(religion) A physical manifestation of the holy or sacred, serving as a spiritual eidolon for emulation or worship.

higgledy-piggledy /ˈhɪɡəldiˌpɪɡəldi/ more higgledy-piggledy most higgledy-piggledy adj
bezładny
In utter disorder or confusion; mixed up.

high /ˈhaɪ/ [haɪ̯] higher highest adj
wysoki
Physically elevated, extending above a base or average level:
Relatively elevated; rising or raised above the average or normal level from which elevation is measured.
Very elevated; extending or being far above a base; tall; lofty.
Large, great (in amount or quantity, value, force, energy, etc).
(acoustics) Acute or shrill in pitch, due to being of greater frequency, i.e. produced by more rapid vibrations (wave oscillations).
naćpany
(phonetics) Made with some part of the tongue positioned high in the mouth, relatively close to the palate.

high /ˈhaɪ/ [haɪ̯] higher highest adv
wysoko
In or to an elevated position.
At a pitch of great frequency.

high altar high altars n
ołtarz główny
The main altar in a church, situated on the main axis at the east of the chancel or choir.

high culture n
kultura wyższa
The artistic entertainment and material artifacts associated with a society's aristocracy or most learned members, usually requiring significant education to be appreciated or highly skilled labor to be produced.

high five /haɪ faɪv/ high fives n
piątka
A gesture of celebration or victory in which two people slap their hands together at shoulder height or higher.

high five /haɪ faɪv/ v
przybijać piątkę przybić piątkę
To slap high fives.

high frequency high frequencies n
wysoka częstotliwość
(radio) The frequency area from 3 MHz through 30 MHz, commonly used for radio broadcasting.

high heels n
szpilki
High-heeled shoes.

high hopes n
różowe kolory

high island high islands n
wyspa wulkaniczna

high jinks /ˈhaɪ d͡ʒɪŋks/ /ˈhaɪ ˌd͡ʒɪŋks/ n
błazenada błazeństwo błaznota
Tricky or waggish behaviour; mischief.
głupawka
Boisterous activity or behaviour; lively fun.

high jump n
skok wzwyż
(uncountable) An athletics event where a competitor must jump over a bar placed gradually higher and higher.

high jumper high jumpers n
skoczek wzwyż skoczkini wzwyż
(athletics) An athlete who competes in the high jump.

high priest high priests n
arcykapłan
(religion) A clergyman with a higher function than a normal priest.
(Mormonism) The second-lowest office in the Melchizedek priesthood.

high priestess high priestesses n
arcykapłanka
A female clergyman with a higher function than a normal priestess.

high relief high reliefs n
wypukłorzeźba
(sculpture) A form of classical sculpture in which forms extend from the background by at least half of their depth.

high school /ˈhaɪ.skul/ /ˈhʌɪskul/ [ˈhɐɪsku̟ɫ] high schools n
szkoła średnia

high seas n
głębokie morze
(nautical) Regions of the ocean that are far from shore, especially those regions that do not belong to any country.

high society high societies n
wysokie sfery
The socially interacting wealthy fashionable elite of a society, especially in Western societies.

high street high streets n
główna ulica
(British, Irish, parts of New England) The main street of any town.

high tide high tides n
przypływ
The natural tide at its highest level for a particular tidal cycle at a certain place.
(figuratively) A climax, culminating point or phase.

high time high times n
najwyższy czas najwyższa pora

high treason n
zdrada stanu
Criminal disloyalty to one's country.

high voltage more high voltage most high voltage adj
wysokonapięciowy
Pertaining to such a voltage; designed to carry or operate at high voltage.

high-beam high-beams n
długie światło
The setting of an automobile's headlights adjusted to brighten a longer distance in front of the car, than when on the normal (low-beam) setting.

high-calorie more high-calorie most high-calorie adj
wysokokaloryczny
High in calories; having lots of calories.

high-flying more high-flying most high-flying adj
ambitny zawrotny
Characteristic of a highflier; extravagant in conduct or opinion.

high-pitched /ˈhaɪˌpɪt͡ʃt/ /ˌhaɪˈpɪt͡ʃt/ higher-pitched highest-pitched adj
ostry przenikliwy przeraźliwy wysoki
Of a sound, having a high pitch.

high-quality higher-quality highest-quality adj
wysokojakościowy
Of very good quality; superior.

high-ranking more high-ranking most high-ranking adj
wysokiej rangi wysoko postawiony
At an important, elevated, or exalted level in a hierarchy or organization; high-level.

high-rise high-rises n
wysokościowiec
A tall building, one consisting of many storeys.

high-speed higher-speed highest-speed adj
szybkobieżny
That operates, moves or takes place at a greater than normal speed.

high-speed rail n
kolej dużych prędkości
(rail transport) A type of rail transport that operates significantly faster than traditional rail traffic, using an integrated system of specialized rolling stock and dedicated tracks.

highchair highchairs n
krzesełko do karmienia (dzieci) wysokie krzesełko dla dziecka
An elevated chair, often including a built-in tray, used for feeding babies and toddlers.

higher education n
wyższe wykształcenie
Education at university level or beyond.

highfalutin /ˈhaɪ.fəˌlu.tɪn/ /ˌhaɪ.fəˈlu.tɪn/ more highfalutin most highfalutin adj
pretensjonalny ą-ę
(US, informal) Self-important, pompous; arrogant or egotistical.

highland /ˈhaɪ.lənd/ /ˈhaɪ.lɪnd/ highlands n
wyżyna
A high area; land that is higher than surrounding areas.

highlander /ˈhaɪləndə/ /ˈhaɪləndəɹ/ highlanders n
góral góralka
A person who inhabits the Scottish Highlands.

highlight /ˈhaɪ.ˌlaɪt/ highlights n
balejaż
(cosmetology) A strand or spot of hair dyed a different color than the rest.

highlighter highlighters n
zakreślacz
A marker pen used to highlight text.
rozświetlacz
A cosmetic product that reflects light, used to emphasize the contours of the face etc.

highly /ˈhaɪli/ highlier highliest more highly most highly adv
wysoko
In a high or esteemed manner.
Extremely; greatly; very much.

highpriesthood highpriesthoods n
arcykapłaństwo
The office or dignity of a highpriest.

highpriestly more highpriestly most highpriestly adj
arcykapłański

hight /haɪt/ v
nazywać zwać

highway /ˈhaɪweɪ/ highways n
autostrada szosa
A main public road, especially a multi-lane, high-speed thoroughfare.

highway robbery highway robberies n
rozbój na prostej drodze rozbój na równej drodze
(historical, literal) The act of robbing a traveler on a public road.

hijab /hɪˈd͡ʒæb/ /hɪˈd͡ʒɑːb/ hijabs n
hidżab
(uncountable, Islam) The practice, among Muslim women, of covering the body after the age of puberty in front of non-related adult males.
(countable) A traditional headscarf worn by Muslim women, covering the hair and neck.

hijacker /ˈhaɪˌd͡ʒækəɹ/ hijackers n
porywacz
Someone who hijacks.

hike /haɪk/ hikes n
piesza wycieczka wędrówka
A long walk, usually for pleasure or exercise. [from c. 1900]

hike /haɪk/ v
wędrować
To take a long walk for pleasure or exercise.

hiker /ˈhaɪkɚ/ hikers n
wędrowiec
One who hikes, especially frequently.

hikikomori hikikomori hikikomoris n
hikikomori
(uncountable) A Japanese phenomenon whereby an individual becomes a recluse from society, typically remaining isolated in a single room at home for a very long period.

hiking boot hiking boots n
traper

hilarious /hɪˈlæɹiəs/ /hɪˈlɛ(ə)ɹiəs/ /hɪˈlɛəɹiəs/ more hilarious most hilarious adj
arcyzabawny arcyśmieszny przezabawny prześmieszny
Very funny; causing great merriment and laughter.

hilariously more hilariously most hilariously adv
arcyzabawnie arcyśmiesznie przezabawnie prześmiesznie
In a hilarious manner; so as to amuse greatly.

hilarity /hɪˈlæɹɪ.ti/ hilarities n
głupawka
(countable) Something that induces laughter.

hill /hɪl/ [hɪɫ] hills n
pagórek wzgórze górka kopiec
An elevated landmass smaller than a mountain.
wzniesienie
A sloping road.

hill start hill starts n
uruchamiać pod górę uruchomić pod górę

hillbilly /ˈhɪlbɪli/ hillbillies n
wieśniak
(often, _, pejorative) Someone who is from the hills; especially from a rural area, with a connotation of a lack of refinement or sophistication.

hillock /ˈhɪl.ək/ hillocks n
pagórek
A small hill.

hilly /ˈhɪli/ hillier hilliest adj
pagórkowaty
(of a landscape) Abundant in hills; having many hills.

hilt /hɪlt/ hilts n
rękojeść
The handle of a sword, consisting of grip, guard, and pommel, designed to facilitate use of the blade and afford protection to the hand.

hilum /ˈhaɪ.ləm/ hila n
wnęka
(botany) The eye of a bean or other seed; the mark or scar at the point of attachment of an ovule or seed to its base or support.

him /əm/ /ˈhɪm/ [ɪ̈m] pronoun
go jego
With accusative effect or as a direct object. [from 12th c.]
jemu mu
With dative effect or as an indirect object. [from 9th c.]
niego niemu nim
With nominative effect: he, especially as a predicate after be, or following a preposition. [from 15th c.]

hind /haɪnd/ hinder hindmost adj
tylny zadni
Located at the rear (most often said of animals' body parts).

hind /haɪnd/ hinds n
łania
A female deer, especially a red deer at least two years old.

hind limb hind limbs n
kończyna dolna
A posterior limb on an animal. When referring to quadrupeds, the term hind leg is often instead used.

hindbrain hindbrains n
tyłomózgowie
(neuroanatomy) The posterior part of the brain, comprising the cerebellum, pons and medulla, the rhombencephalon

hinder /ˈhaɪn.də/ /ˈhaɪn.dɚ/ adj
tylny
of or belonging to that part in the rear

hinder /ˈhaɪn.də/ /ˈhaɪn.dɚ/ hinders n
sempiterna
(slang, euphemistic) The buttocks.

hinder /ˈhɪndə/ /ˈhɪndɚ/ v
powstrzymywać przeszkadzać powstrzymać przeszkodzić utrudniać utrudnić
(transitive) To make difficult to accomplish; to act as an obstacle; to frustrate.
opóźniać wstrzymywać
(ambitransitive) To delay or impede; to keep back, to prevent.

hindrance /ˈhɪndɹəns/ hindrances n
przeszkoda
Something which hinders: something that holds back or causes problems with something else.

hindsight is 20/20 proverb
mądry Polak po szkodzie
(idiomatic) In hindsight things are obvious that were not obvious from the outset; one is able to evaluate past choices more clearly than at the time of the choice.

hinge /ˈhɪnd͡ʒ/ hinges n
zawias
A jointed or flexible device that allows the pivoting of a door etc.

hinny /ˈhɪ.ni/ hinnies n
osłomuł
The hybrid offspring of a stallion (male horse) and a she-ass (female donkey).

hint /hɪnt/ hints n
podpowiedź
A clue.
odrobina
A small, barely detectable amount.

hint /hɪnt/ v
bąkać bąknąć
(transitive) To bring to mind by a slight mention or remote allusion; to suggest in an indirect manner.

hip /hɪp/ hips n
dzika róża owoc
The fruit of a rose.
biodro
(slang, possibly, dated) A drug addict, especially someone addicted to a narcotic like heroin.

hip flask hip flasks n
piersiówka bakłaszka
A container designed to hold small amounts of alcohol, especially spirits, for personal consumption on the go.

hip hip hooray interjection
hip, hip, hurra
An exclamation of congratulations and/or celebration, especially in response to a call for "three cheers for" the person. Often the person calling for the cheers will yell "Hip! Hip!", the crowd replying "Hooray!"

hip-hop /ˈhɪp.hɑːp/ /ˈhɪp.hɒp/ n
hip-hop
An Afro-American urban youth culture based on rap music, breakdancing etc.

hip-huggers n
biodrówki

hippic /ˈhɪpɪk/ more hippic most hippic adj
hippiczny
Relating to horses or horse-riding.

hippie /ˈhɪpi/ hippies n
hipis hipiska
(1960s slang; still widely used in reference to that era) One who chooses not to conform to prevailing social norms: especially one who subscribes to values or actions such as acceptance or self-practice of recreational drug use, liberal or radical sexual mores, advocacy of communal living, strong pacifism or anti-war sentiment, etc.

hippocras /ˈhɪpəʊkɹas/ n
hipokras
(historical) A cordial, made from a spiced wine mixed with sugar and spices, usually including cinnamon, which are strained out by a cloth before the drink is consumed.

hippodrome /ˈhɪpəˌdɹəʊm/ hippodromes n
hipodrom
A horse racing course.

hippogriff /ˈhɪpəɡɹɪf/ hippogriffs n
hipogryf
a mythical beast, half griffin and half horse, supposedly the offspring of a griffin and a filly.

hippopotamus /hɪ.po.poˈta.mʊs/ /hɪ.poˈpo.ta.mʊs/ /ˌhi.po.ˈpo.te.mɔs/ /ˌhi.po̞.po̞.ˈte̞ː.mo̞s/ /ˌhɪp.əˈpɑ.tə.məs/ /ˌhɪp.əˈpɒt.ə.məs/ [ˌhɪp.əˈpɑ.ɾə.məs] hippopotami hippopotamus hippopotamuses n
hipopotam
A large, semi-aquatic, herbivorous (plant-eating) African mammal (Hippopotamus amphibius; common hippopotamus).

hippopotomonstrosesquipedaliophobia /ˌhɪ.pəˌpɒ.tə(ʊ)ˈmɒn.stɹə(ʊ)ˌsɛs.kwɪ.pɪˌdɑːl.ɪ.ə(ʊ)ˈfəʊ.bɪ.ə/ n
hipopotomonstroseskwipedaliofobia
(humorous) The fear of long words.

hippy /ˈhɪpi/ hippier hippiest adj
biodrzasty biodrzysty

hipster /ˈhɪp.stə/ /ˈhɪp.stɚ/ hipsters n
hipster
A person who is keenly interested in the latest trends or fashions. [from earlier 20th c.]

hiragana /ˌhɪ.ɹəˈɡæ.nə/ /ˌhɪ.ɹəˈɡɑː.nə/ hiragana hiraganas n
hiragana
(uncountable) The main syllabary for the Japanese language, used to represent native Japanese words, including particles, and when kanji is used, to represent verb and adjective endings.

hircine /ˈhɜːsaɪn/ /ˈhɝsaɪn/ /ˈhɝsɪn/ more hircine most hircine adj
kozi
(book word, not comparable) Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of goats.

hire /haɪə/ /haɪɹ/ /ˈhaɪə/ /ˈhaɪɚ/ v
angażować najmować zaangażować zatrudniać
(transitive) To employ; to obtain the services of (a person) in exchange for remuneration; to give someone a job.
angażować się zaangażować się
(intransitive) To accept employment.

hire purchase hire purchases n
płatność na raty
(British, Irish) A method of purchasing an item, where the buyer hires it and takes possession of it and pays regular installments. Ownership is only transferred on payment of the final amount. Abbreviated as HP.

his /əz/ /ɪ̈z/ /ˈhɘz/ /ˈhɪz/ determiner
jego swój
Belonging to him. [from 8th c.]

hiss /hɪs/ hisses n
syczenie
A sibilant sound, such as that made by a snake or escaping steam; an unvoiced fricative.

hiss /hɪs/ v
syczeć
(intransitive) To make a hissing sound.

histamine /ˈhɪstəmiːn/ histamines n
histamina
(neurotransmitter) An amine, C5H9N3, formed by decarboxylation of histidine, that causes dilatation of capillaries, contraction of smooth muscle, and stimulation of gastric acid secretion; it is released during allergic reactions.

histidine histidines n
histydyna
(amino acid) An essential amino acid C6H9N3O2 found in most animal proteins; essential for tissue growth and repair.

histo- prefix
histo-

histogram /ˈhɪstəˌɡɹæm/ histograms n
histogram
(statistics) A graphical display of numerical data in the form of upright bars, with the area of each bar representing frequency.

histology /hɪsˈtɒləd͡ʒi/ histologies n
histologia
(biology) The study of the microscopic structure, chemical composition and function of the tissue or tissue systems of plants and animals.

histopathology histopathologies n
histopatologia
(biology) The microscopic study of tissue, especially of abnormal tissue as a result of disease.

historian /hɪˈstɑɹi.ən/ /hɪˈstɔəɹɪən/ /hɪˈstɔɹi.ən/ /hɪˈstɔːɹɪən/ historians n
historyk historyczka
A writer of history; a chronicler; an annalist.
One who studies or researches history.

historic /(h)ɪˈstɑɹɪk/ /(h)ɪˈstɒɹɪk/ /(h)ɪˈstɔɹɪk/ more historic most historic adj
historyczny
Very important; noteworthy: having importance or significance in history.

historical /hɪˈstɑɹɪkəl/ /hɪˈstɒɹɪkəl/ /hɪˈstɔɹɪkəl/ more historical most historical adj
historyczny
(uncommon) Synonym of historic: important or likely to be important to history and historians.

historical linguistics n
językoznawstwo historyczne językoznawstwo diachroniczne
(linguistics) The scientific study of language change.

historical materialism n
materializm historyczny

historically more historically most historically adv
historycznie
In a historic manner; with reference to history or the historical record.

historiography /hɪˌstɔɹiˈɑɡɹəfi/ historiographies n
historiografia
(uncountable) The study of the discipline and practice of history and the writings of past historians.

history /ˈhɪs.t(ə.)ɹi/ /ˈhɪs.tɹɪ/ histories n
historia dzieje
The aggregate of past events.
The branch of knowledge that studies the past; the assessment of notable events.
historia
(countable) A record or narrative description of past events.
(countable, computing) A record of previous user events, especially of visited web pages in a browser.
historia choroby
(countable, medicine) A list of past and continuing medical conditions of an individual or family.

history of ideas histories of ideas n
historia pomysłów
(This entry is a translation hub.)

history repeats itself proverb
historia lubi się powtarzać historia zatacza koło
Things that have happened in the past will or tend to happen again in one way or another.

histrionic /hɪstɹiˈɑnɪk/ /hɪstɹiːˈɒnɪk/ more histrionic most histrionic adj
afektacyjny
(by extension) Excessively dramatic or emotional, especially with the intention to draw attention.

histrionically more histrionically most histrionically adv
afektacyjnie

histrionics /hɪstɹiˈɑnɪks/ /hɪstɹiˈɒnɪks/ n
afektacja egzaltacja
Exaggerated, overemotional behaviour, especially when calculated to elicit a response; melodramatics.

hit /hɪt/ hits n
uderzenie
A blow; a punch; a striking against; the collision of one body against another; the stroke that touches anything.
trafienie
A collision of a projectile with the target.
hit przebój szlagier
(baseball) The complete play, when the batter reaches base without the benefit of a walk, error, or fielder’s choice.
(backgammon) A move that throws one of the opponent's men back to the entering point.
morderstwo zabójstwo zamach
A premeditated murder done for criminal or political purposes.

hit /hɪt/ v
stukać stuknąć uderzać uderzyć
(transitive) To come into contact with forcefully and suddenly.
uderzyć uderzać
(transitive) To administer a blow to, directly or with a weapon or missile.
trafiać trafić
(transitive) To manage to touch (a target) in the right place.

hit and run hit and runs n
ucieczka z miejsca wypadku
(legal) The crime of causing an accident, as with a motor vehicle, and leaving without acknowledging responsibility.
wojna podjazdowa wojna szarpana
(military) The military technique of attacking one place and then quickly moving to another before defenders can react.

hit it off v
zaprzyjaźniać się zaprzyjaźnić się
(informal) To develop an amicable relationship (with), especially in a sudden manner during an initial encounter.

hit on v
podrywać
(transitive, slang) To flirt with; to approach and speak to (someone), seeking romance, love, sex, etc.

hit someone for six v
szokować zaszokować
(idiomatic) To affect in a devastating way by some unexpected news.

hit the bottle v
zaglądać do butelki zaglądać do kieliszka
(idiomatic, colloquial) To drink alcohol steadily and in excess, particularly in response to a setback.

hit the ground running v
ruszyć z kopyta
(idiomatic) To begin an activity immediately and with full commitment.

hit the hay v
uderzyć w kimono
(slang) To go to bed.

hit the headlines v
trafiać na pierwsze strony gazet trafić na pierwsze strony gazet

hit the jackpot v
strzelać w dziesiątkę strzelić w dziesiątkę trafiać w dziesiątkę trafić w dziesiątkę
(idiomatic) To receive a more favorable outcome than imagined, especially by good luck.

hit the nail on the head v
trafić w sedno
(idiomatic) To identify something exactly; to arrive at exactly the right answer.

hit the spot v
trafić w dziesiątkę
(idiomatic, informal) To be particularly pleasing or appropriate; to be just right.

hitchhike /ˈhɪt͡ʃhaɪk/ v
łapać okazję
To try to get a ride in a passing vehicle while standing at the side of a road, generally by either sticking out one's finger or thumb or holding a sign with one's stated destination.

hitchhiker hitchhikers n
autostopowicz autostopowiczka
A person or thing that hitchhikes.

hither /ˈhɪðə/ /ˈhɪðɚ/ adv
tutaj dotąd
(literary, or, archaic) To this place, to here.

hither and thither /-ˈθɪðə/ /-ˈθɪðɚ/ /ˌhɪðəɹ‿n̩ ˈðɪðə/ /ˌhɪðɚ‿n̩ ˈðɪðɚ/ adv
tu i tam w tę i we w tę wte i wewte
(figuratively) In a disorderly manner.

hitherto /ˈhɪðəˌtuː/ /ˈhɪðɚˌtu/ /ˌhɪðəˈtuː/ /ˌhɪðɚˈtu/ [ˈhɪðəˌtʰuː] [ˈhɪðɚˌtʰu] [ˌhɪðəˈtʰuː] [ˌhɪðɚˈtʰu] adv
dotychczas dotąd
(formal, also, _, legal) Up to this or that time or point.

hitman /ˈhɪtmæːn/ /ˈhɪtmən/ hitmen n
cyngiel płatny zabójca
A contract killer, especially one paid by the mafia.

hive /haɪv/ hives n
rój
The bees of one hive; a swarm of bees.

hive off v
odłączyć
(intransitive) To separate from a larger group.

hmm /hm̩/ [m̥m̩˦˨] interjection
hmm
Indicating thinking or pondering.

ho, ho, ho interjection
ho, ho, ho
A deep, hearty laugh or chuckle, most associated with Santa Claus.

hoar frost /ˈhoɹ ˌfɹɑst/ /ˈhɔː fɹɒst/ hoar frosts n
szron
(specifically, meteorology) Water vapour which has undergone deposition or desublimation when the air is cold and moist to form a white deposit on exposed surfaces.

hoard /ho(ː)ɹd/ /hoəd/ /hɔɹd/ /hɔːd/ v
gromadzić
To amass, usually for one's own private collection.

hoarse /hoəs/ /hoɹs/ /hoː(ə)ɹs/ /hoːɹs/ /hɔːs/ [ho̞ɹs] hoarser hoarsest adj
ochrypły
Having a dry, harsh tone to the voice, as a result of a sore throat, age, emotion, etc.

hoarsely more hoarsely most hoarsely adv
ochryple

hoarsen v
ochrypnąć zachrypnąć
(transitive, intransitive) To make or become hoarse.

hoarseness hoarsenesses n
chrypa chrypka
The quality of being hoarse, of having a dry harsh voice.

hoatzin /ˈwætsiːn/ /ˈwætsɪn/ /ˈwɑːtsiːn/ /ˈwɑːtsɪn/ hoatzins n
hoacyn kośnik czubaty
A bird, Opisthocomus hoazin, with claws on the wing fingers of the juvenile and an enlarged crop used as a rumen.

hoax /hoʊks/ /həʊks/ hoaxes n
mistyfikacja szalbierstwo
Anything deliberately intended to deceive or trick.

hoax /hoʊks/ /həʊks/ v
oszukać oszukiwać przekręcać przekręcić
(transitive) To deceive (someone) by making them believe something that has been maliciously or mischievously fabricated.

hob /hɑb/ /hɒb/ hobs n
blacha
(British, Irish, AU, NZ) The top cooking surface on a cooker; a cooktop. It typically comprises several cooking elements (often four), also known as 'rings'.

hobbit /ˈhɒbɪt/ [-ɪʔ] hobbits hobbitses n
hobbit hobbitka
A member of a fictional race of small humanoids with shaggy hair and hairy feet. [from 20th c.]

hobble /ˈhɒbəl/ hobbles n
pęta
(mostly, in the plural) One of the short straps tied between the legs of unfenced horses, allowing them to wander short distances but preventing them from running off.
kulenie kuśtykanie
An unsteady, off-balance step.

hobble /ˈhɒbəl/ v
pętać spętać
To fetter by tying the legs; to restrict (a horse) with hobbles.
kuleć kuśtykać pokuśtykać przykuśtykać
To walk lame, or unevenly.

hobbledehoy /ˈhɒbəldihɔɪ/ hobbledehoys n
młokos wyrostek
An awkward adolescent youth.

hobby /ˈhɑ.bi/ /ˈhɒ.bi/ hobbies n
hobby konik
An activity that one enjoys doing in one's spare time.
kobuz
Any of four species of small falcons in the genus Falco, especially Falco subbuteo.

hobby horse hobby horses n
konik
(figuratively) A topic about which someone loves to talk at great length.

hobbyist /ˈhɑb.i.ɪst/ /ˈhɒb.ɪ.ɪst/ hobbyists n
amator amatorka
A person who is interested in an activity or a subject as a hobby.

hobbylike more hobbylike most hobbylike adj
podobny do hobby

hobo /ˈhoʊ.boʊ/ /ˈhəʉ.bəʉ/ /ˈhəʊ.bəʊ/ hoboes hobos n
bezdomny kloszard wagabunda włóczęga tramp
(North America) A wandering homeless person, especially (historical) one illegally travelling by rail or (pejorative) a penniless, unemployed bum.
robotnik sezonowy
(North America) Any migratory laborer, whether homeless or not.

hock /hɑk/ /hɒk/ hocks n
staw skokowy
(countable) The tarsal joint of a digitigrade quadruped, such as a horse, pig or dog.
golonka
Meat from that part of a food animal.

hockey /ˈhɑki/ /ˈhɒki/ n
hokej
(North America) Ice hockey, a game on ice in which two teams of six players skate and try to score by shooting a puck into the opposing team's net, using their sticks.

hockey puck hockey pucks n
krążek
(ice hockey) A small black flat roundel of hardened rubber used as a playing piece in ice hockey to score points by moving the puck into the opponent's goal net.

hockey stick hockey sticks n
kij kij hokejowy
(North America, ice hockey) A stick used to handle the puck in ice hockey, having a flat, angled blade at the end.
kij hokejowy
(British, field hockey) A stick used to handle the ball in field hockey, having a flat-faced hook at the end.

hocus-pocus /-kɪs/ /ˌhoʊkəs ˈpoʊkəs/ /ˌhəʊkəs ˈpəʊkəs/ interjection
hokus-pokus
A phrase used (by a stage magician, etc.) as a magical incantation to bring about some change: abracadabra, hey presto.

hodja hodjas n
chodża hodża
A Muslim schoolmaster.

hoe /hoʉ/ /hoʊ/ /həʊ/ hoes n
motyka
An agricultural tool consisting of a long handle with a flat blade fixed perpendicular to it at the end, used for digging rows.

hog /hɑɡ/ /hɒɡ/ /hɔɡ/ hogs n
świnia wieprz
Any animal belonging to the Suidae family of mammals, especially the pig, the warthog, and the boar.

hogan /ˈhoʊ.ɡən/ hogans n
hogan
A one-room Navajo dwelling or ceremonial lodge, constructed of wood and earth and covered with mud.

hoglet hoglets n
jeżątko
A baby hedgehog.

hogshead /ˈhɑɡzˌhɛd/ /ˈhɒɡzˌhɛd/ /ˈhɔɡz-/ hogsheads n
okseft
(Britain) An English measure of capacity for liquids, containing 63 wine gallons, or about 52+1⁄2 imperial gallons; a half pipe.
A large barrel or cask of indefinite contents, especially one containing from 100 to 140 gallons.

hogweed hogweeds n
barszcz
An umbelliferous plant, of genus Heracleum, most species of which are phototoxic.

hoi polloi /ˌhɔɪ pəˈlɔɪ/ n
hołota plebs
(collective) The common people; the masses. (Used with or without the definite article.)

hoist /hɔɪst/ v
podnieść podnosić wciągać wciągnąć
(transitive) To raise; to lift; to elevate (especially, to raise or lift to a desired elevation, by means of tackle or pulley, said of a sail, a flag, a heavy package or weight).

hoist by one's own petard /hˈɔ͡ɪst bˈa͡ɪ wˈɒnz ˈə͡ʊn pɛˈtɑːd/ /hˈɔ͡ɪst bˈa͡ɪ wˈʌnz ˈo͡ʊn pɛˈɾɑː͡ɹd/ adj
wpadać we własny sidła wpaść we własny sidła
(idiomatic) Hurt or destroyed by one's own plot or device intended for another; "blown up by one's own bomb".

hoity-toity /ˈhɔɪtiˈtɔɪti/ hoity-toitier hoity-toitiest adj
ą-ę
Affected or pretentious, sometimes with the implication of displaying an air of excessive fanciness or ostentation; pompous, self-important, snobbish; often displaying a feeling of patronizing self-aggrandizing or arrogant class superiority.

hold /hoʊld/ /həʊld/ [hoəɫd] [həʊɫd] holds n
ładownia
(nautical, aviation) The cargo area of a ship or aircraft (often holds or cargo hold).

hold /hoʊld/ /həʊld/ [hoəɫd] [həʊɫd] v
trzymać
(transitive) To impose restraint upon; to limit in motion or action; to bind legally or morally; to confine; to restrain.
To maintain in being or action; to carry on; to prosecute, as a course of conduct or an argument; to continue; to sustain.

hold a candle v
dorastać do pięt umywać się do
(chiefly in the negative) To compare; to be even remotely of the same quality, skill, etc. as another. [from mid 16th c.]

hold court v
królować
(of a king or other high-ranking aristocrat) To preside in a formal manner over an official assembly of courtiers and others in which entertainment is presented or affairs of state are considered.
brylować
(idiomatic, by extension) To serve as the principal discussant or center of attention in an informal gathering of friends, associates, etc.

hold dear v
cenić doceniać docenić

hold my beer /hoʊld maɪ bɪɹ/ /həʊld maɪ bɪə/ phraseologicalUnit
potrzymaj mi piwo
(humorous, imperative, US) One is about to do something crazy or difficult that will nevertheless be easy for one and outdo or outmaneuver anything else.

hold off v
odczekać odczekiwać odraczać odroczyć
(idiomatic, transitive) To delay (someone or something) temporarily; to keep at bay.

hold on v
czekać
(idiomatic) Wait a short while.

hold one's breath v
wstrzymać oddech wstrzymywać oddech
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see hold,‎ one's,‎ breath. To keep air in one's lungs, pausing noticeably before exhaling after previously inhaling.

hold one's head high v
chodzić z podniesionym czołem
(idiomatic) To act with pride; to be proud in a positive way.

hold one's horses v
[[czekać|(czekaj)]] chwilę czekać
(idiomatic) To be patient; to wait.

hold one's liquor v
mieć mocną głowę
(idiomatic) To be resistant to intoxication or to show few signs of intoxication, even after consuming a significant amount of alcohol.

hold one's nose v
zatkać nos zatykać nos
To pinch one's nostrils closed with one's fingers, usually to block out an unpleasant smell.
(figurative) To reluctantly overcome one's revulsion.

hold one's own v
poradzić sobie radzić sobie
(idiomatic) To demonstrate oneself to be capable; to provide a respectable performance or worthy competition; to stick up for oneself.

hold one's tongue v
trzymać język za zębami
(idiomatic) To refrain from talking about something.

hold sway v
wodzić rej
(idiomatic) To have the greatest influence (over someone or something); to be pre-eminent; to dominate.

hold the cards v
mieć przewagę
(idiomatic) To be in a strong position, possessing significant advantages over someone else; to be in control of a situation involving multiple parties.

hold the fort v
brać odpowiedzialność pilnować wziąć odpowiedzialność
To assume or take responsibility, especially in another's absence.

hold the purse strings v
trzymać rękę na kasie
(idiomatic, colloquial) To be in control of spending; to have financial power and responsibility.

hold to account v
rozliczać rozliczyć
(transitive) To require a person to explain or to accept responsibility for his or her actions; to blame or punish someone for what has occurred.

hold up v
opóźnić wstrzymać
(intransitive, informal) To wait or delay.
(idiomatic) To withstand; to stand up to; to survive.

hold up one's end v
dotrzymać obietnicy dotrzymywać obietnicy
(idiomatic) To hold up one's end of a bargain; to fulfill one's promise or obligation.

hold-up hold-ups n
poślizg
(colloquial) A delay or wait.

holder /ˈhoʊɫdɚ/ /ˈhəʊldə/ holders n
dysponent dysponentka szafarka szafarz
A person who temporarily or permanently possesses something.

holding cell holding cells n
areszt

holding company holding companies n
holding
(business) A company whose main purpose is to own shares of other companies, as opposed to producing goods or offering services.

hole /hoʊl/ /hɐʉl/ /həʊl/ [hoɫ] [hɔʊɫ] holes n
dołek karcer
A hollow place or cavity; an excavation; a pit; a dent; a depression; a fissure.
otwór dziura
An opening that goes all the way through a solid body, a fabric, etc.; a perforation; a rent.
(slang) Any bodily orifice, in particular the anus.
dołek dziura
(golf) The part of a game in which a player attempts to hit the ball into one of the holes.
dołek karcer dziura
(golf) A subsurface standard-size hole, also called cup, hitting the ball into which is the object of play. Each hole, of which there are usually eighteen as the standard on a full course, is located on a prepared surface, called the green, of a particular type grass.
dziura otwór
(stud poker) A card (also called a hole card) dealt face down thus unknown to all but its holder; the status in which such a card is.
słaby punkt dziura
(figuratively) A weakness; a flaw or ambiguity.
wykop
(informal) A container or receptacle.
dziura
(physics) In semiconductors, a lack of an electron in an occupied band behaving like a positively charged particle.
(computing) A security vulnerability in software which can be taken advantage of by an exploit.
dziura nora rudera
(slang) An undesirable place to live or visit.

hole punch hole punches n
dziurkacz
A tool that is used to make holes in stationery for ease of filing.

holey /ˈhoʊli/ /ˈhəʊl.li/ /ˈhəʊli/ [ˈhɒʊli] [ˈhɒʊɫ.li] holier holiest adj
dziurawy
Having, or being full of, holes.

holiday /ˈhɑləˌdeɪ/ /ˈhɒlɪdeɪ/ /ˈhɒlɪdɪ/ holidays n
święto
A day on which a festival, religious event, or national celebration is traditionally observed.
A day declared free from work by the state or government.
urlop
(chiefly, UK, Australia) A period of one or more days taken off work for leisure and often travel; often plural.
wakacje ferie
(chiefly, UK, Australia) A period during which pupils do not attend their school; often plural; rarely used for students at university (usually: vacation).

holiday home holiday homes n
dom wakacyjny
A second home used for holidays.

holiday pay n
wynagrodzenie urlopowe
(UK) a basic wage paid to an employee while they are on holiday. It can be paid for as many weeks holiday as an employee is entitled to, although an employee can spread their complete holiday entitlement over the whole year.

holiday season holiday seasons n
sezon wakacyjny wakacje
(US, Canada) The period of the late fall and early winter when several holidays occur, such as Halloween, American Thanksgiving, Christmas, New Year's Day, Hanukkah, and Kwanzaa

holiday-maker holiday-makers n
urlopowicz wczasowicz
(British) Someone who is on holiday.

holier-than-thou /ˈhoʊ.li.ɚ ðən ˈðaʊ/ /ˈhəʊ.li.ə ð(ə)n ˈðaʊ/ more holier-than-thou most holier-than-thou adj
świętojebliwy świętoszkowaty
(derogatory) Hypocritically or self-righteously pious; sanctimonious.

holiness /ˈhoʊlinəs/ /ˈhəʊlinəs/ holinesses n
świętość
The state or condition of being holy.

holism holisms n
holizm
A theory or belief that the whole is greater than the sum of the parts. [from 1926]

hollow /ˈhɑ.loʊ/ /ˈhɑlɚ/ /ˈhɒl.əʊ/ hollower hollowest adj
pusty wydrążony
(of something solid) Having an empty space or cavity inside.
głuchy
(of a sound) Distant, eerie; echoing, reverberating, as if in a hollow space; dull, muffled; often low-pitched.
pusty
(figuratively) Without substance; having no real or significant worth; meaningless.

hollow /ˈhɑ.loʊ/ /ˈhɑlɚ/ /ˈhɒl.əʊ/ hollows n
niecka nizina
A sunken area on a surface.
pustka
(figuratively) A feeling of emptiness.

hollow block hollow blocks n
pustak betonowy
(Philippines) A lightweight building block made from cinders and concrete.

hollow leg /ˌhɑ.loʊ ˈlɛɡ/ /ˌhɒl.əʊ ˈlɛɡ/ hollow legs n
mocna głowa
Ability or tendency to drink large quantities of alcohol.

holly /ˈhɑli/ /ˈhɒli/ hollies n
ostrokrzew
Any of various shrubs or (mostly) small trees, of the genus Ilex, either evergreen or deciduous, used as decoration especially at Christmas.

hollyhock /ˈhɑlihɑk/ /ˈhɒlihɒk/ hollyhocks n
malwa
Any of several flowering plants of the genus Alcea in the Malvaceae family.

holm oak /ˈhoʊm oʊk/ /ˈhəʊm əʊk/ holm oaks n
dąb ostrolistny
An evergreen tree, Quercus ilex, native to the Mediterranean region.

holmium /ˈhoʊ.mi.əm/ holmiums n
holm
A chemical element (symbol Ho) with atomic number 67: a soft and malleable silvery-white metal, too reactive to be found uncombined in nature.

holo- prefix
holo-
whole

holocaust /ˈhoʊ.lə-/ /ˈhɑl.əˌkɑst/ /ˈhɑl.əˌkɔst/ /ˈhɒl.ə(ʊ)ˌkɔːst/ holocausts n
holokaust holocaust całopalenie
(religion) An offering or sacrifice to a deity that is completely burned to ashes. [from 13th c.]
holokaust holocaust
Extensive destruction of a group of animals or (especially) people; a large-scale massacre or slaughter.
hence, the state-sponsored mass murder of a particular group of people in society. [from 20th c.]

holomorphic adj
holomorficzny
(complex analysis, of a complex function) Complex-differentiable on an open set around every point in its domain.

holomorphism holomorphisms n
funkcja holomorficzna

holonym /ˈhoʊl.əˌnɪm/ /ˈhɑl.əˌnɪm/ /ˈhɒl.əˌnɪm/ /ˈhəʊl.əˌnɪm/ holonyms n
holonim
(semantics) A term that denotes a whole, a part of which is denoted by a second term.

holonymous more holonymous most holonymous adj
holonimiczny

holonymy n
holonimia
(semantics) The quality or nature of being the whole in a holonymous relation.

holster /ˈhoʊlstə(ɹ)/ /ˈhɒlstə(ɹ)/ holsters n
kabura
A case for carrying a tool, particularly a gun, safely and accessibly.

holy /ˈhoʊli/ /ˈhəʊli/ holier holiest adj
święty
Dedicated to a religious purpose or a god.
Revered in a religion.
(slang) Used as an intensifier in various interjections.

holy fool holy fools n
jurodiwyj
(chiefly, _, Eastern Orthodoxy) A person, often associated with gifts of prophecy and insight, who publicly acts as if mad or stupid, but whose madness is seen as concealing an inner sanctity for the purpose of self-humiliation.

holy shit /ˌhoʊli ˈʃɪt/ /ˌhəʊli ˈʃɪt/ interjection
ja pierdolę kurwa
(idiomatic, vulgar, slang) Expression of terror, awe, surprise, astonishment, etc., often at something seen for the first time or remembered immediately before using this term.

holy smoke interjection
no noǃ
(idiomatic, dated, informal) An expression of astonishment.

holy war holy wars n
wojna religijna święta wojna
A war that is entirely, primarily, or ostensibly religious in motivation; a war over religion.

holy water holy waters n
woda święcona
(Christianity) In certain Christian churches, water that has been sanctified by a priest or bishop for the purpose of baptism or for the blessing of persons, places, or things.

holyhedron holyhedra n
wielościan z dziurami

homage /oʊˈmɑʒ/ /ɒˈmɑːʒ/ /ˈ(h)ɑmɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈhɒmɪd͡ʒ/ homages n
hołd
(countable, uncountable) A demonstration of respect, such as towards an individual after their retirement or death
hołd hołd lenny
(historical) In feudalism, the formal oath of a vassal to honor his or her lord's rights.

home /(h)əʊm/ /hoʊm/ adv
do domu
(internet) To the home page.
w domu
At or in one's place of residence or one's customary or official location; at home.

home /(h)əʊm/ /hoʊm/ homes n
dom
One’s own dwelling place; the house or structure in which one lives; especially the house in which one lives with one's family; the habitual abode of one’s family.
The place (residence, settlement, country, etc.), where a person was born and/or raised; childhood or parental home; home of one’s parents or guardian.
A place of refuge, rest or care; an asylum.
The abiding place of the affections, especially of the domestic affections.
ojczyzna macierz
One’s native land; the place or country in which one dwells; the place where one’s ancestors dwell or dwelt.

home economics n
prace ręczne technika
The study of homemaking, including cookery, needlework, cleaning, etc.

home is where the heart is proverb
tam dom twój, gdzie serce twoje
One's true home is where one feels happiest.

home loan home loans n
kredyt na dom
(countable) A loan taken for the purpose of purchasing a house, or other type of residential property.

home page /ˈhoʊmpeɪdʒ/ /ˈhəʊmpeɪdʒ/ home pages n
strona główna
The main or first page of a website or set of hyperlinked documents.
strona początkowa strona startowa
The default page set to open in a web browser or hypertext system when it starts up, or when its home function is invoked.

home stretch home stretches n
ostatnia prosta
The final part of a racecourse from the last curve to the finish line.
(figurative, by extension) The final part of a distance or the final effort needed to finish.

homebird homebirds n
domator domatorka

homebody homebodies n
domator domatorka
(North American, informal) A person who prefers to remain at home, rather than participate in social events elsewhere.

homegrown adj
domorosły samorodny
Created or constructed in an informal or amateur manner; done without formal assistance, as from a business, organization, or professional.

homeland homelands n
ojczyzna macierz ojcowizna
The country that one regards as home.

homeless /ˈhoʊmləs/ /ˈhoʊmlɪs/ adj
bezdomny
Lacking a permanent place of residence.

homeless shelter homeless shelters n
schronisko dla bezdomnych
A building set up to provide for the needs of homeless people; often including shelter, food, sanitation and other forms of support.
schronisko
A sanctuary for the temporary housing of domesticated animals without a home.

homelessly adv
bezdomnie

homelessness homelessnesses n
bezdomność
The state of being homeless.

homely /ˈhoʊmli/ /ˈhəʊmli/ homelier homeliest more homely most homely adj
swojski
Characteristic of, belonging to, or befitting a home; domestic, cozy. [from early 14th c.]

homemade more homemade most homemade adj
domowej roboty domowy
Made at home.
zrobiony ręcznie
Made by oneself.

homeo- prefix
homeo-

homeopath homeopaths n
homeopata homeopatka
A person who practices homeopathy.

homeopathic more homeopathic most homeopathic adj
homeopatyczny
Of or pertaining to homeopathy.

homeopathy /ˌhomiˈɑpəθi/ /ˌhɑmiˈɑpəθi/ /ˌhɒmɪˈɒpəθi/ /ˌhəʊmɪˈɒpəθi/ homeopathies n
homeopatia
A system of treating diseases with small amounts of substances which, in larger amounts, would produce the observed symptoms.

homeostasis /ˌhoʊ.mi.oʊˈsteɪ.sɪs/ /ˌhɒmɪə(ʊ)ˈsteɪsɪs/ /ˌhəʊmɪə(ʊ)ˈsteɪsɪs/ homeostases n
homeostaza
(physiology) The ability of a system or living organism to adjust its internal environment to maintain a state of dynamic constancy; such as the ability of warm-blooded animals to maintain a stable temperature.

homeothermic adj
homeotermiczny

homeowner homeowners n
właściciel domu/mieszkania
Someone who owns a house.

homeowner association homeowner associations n
wspólnota mieszkaniowa
(real estate) A private association formed by a real estate developer for the purpose of marketing, managing, and selling homes and lots in a residential subdivision.

homeroom homerooms n
godzina wychowawcza

homesick more homesick most homesick adj
nostalgiczny
(often with for) Missing one's home and family very much when away; nostalgic.

homesickness homesicknesses n
nostalgia
The characteristic of being homesick; a strong, sad feeling of missing one's home (and often left-behind loved ones, such as family and friends) when physically away.

hometown hometowns n
rodzinna miejscowość rodzinne miasteczko rodzinne miasto
An individual’s place of birth, childhood home, or place of main residence.

homeward /ˈhoʊmwɚd/ /ˈhəʊmwəd/ adv
do domu do dóm
Towards home.

homewards adj
do domu
Leading toward home.

homework /ˈhoʊmˌwɝk/ /ˈhəʊmˌwɜːk/ homeworks n
praca domowa zadanie domowe
(literally, now, _, rare) Any work that is done at home; housework.

homicide /ˈhoʊ.məˌsaɪ̯d/ /ˈhɑm.əˌsaɪ̯d/ /ˈhɒm.ɪˌsaɪ̯d/ homicides n
zabójstwo
(countable, uncountable, crime) The killing of one person by another, whether premeditated or unintentional.
morderca morderczyni
(countable) A person who kills another.

homiletics n
homiletyka
The art of preaching (especially the application of rhetoric in theology).

homily /ˈhɑməli/ /ˈhɑmɪli/ /ˈhɒmɪli/ homilies n
homilia
(Christianity) A sermon, especially concerning a practical matter.

homing pigeon homing pigeons n
gołąb pocztowy
A variety of domesticated rock pigeon (Columba livia) that has been selectively bred to be able to find its way home over extremely long distances.

hominy /ˈhɒmɪni/ hominies n
mamałyga
A food made from hulled corn (maize) kernels soaked in lye water, rinsed, then cooked and eaten; or, the rinsed kernels are dried and coarsely ground into hominy grits.

homo- prefix
homo- izo-
Same, identical.

homogeneous /həˈmɑ.d͡ʒə.nəs/ /ˌhoʊ.moʊˈd͡ʒiː.njəs/ /ˌhoʊ.moʊˈd͡ʒɛ.njəs/ /ˌhoʊ.məˈd͡ʒiː.njəs/ /ˌhɒ.mə(ʊ)ˈdʒiː.nɪəs/ /ˌhəʊ.mə(ʊ)ˈdʒiː.nɪəs/ adj
jednorodny jednolity
Of the same kind; alike, similar.

homogeneous polynomial homogeneous polynomials n
wielomian jednorodny
(mathematics) a polynomial such that the sum of the exponents of the variables is the same for every term.

homogenization homogenizations n
homogenizacja
The act of making something homogenous, or the same throughout; or the tendency of something to become homogenous.

homogenize /həˈmɑːd͡ʒənaɪz/ /həˈmɒdʒənaɪz/ v
ujednolicać ujednolicić
To make homogeneous, to blend or puree.

homograph /ˈhoʊməɡɹæf/ /ˈhɑːməɡɹæf/ /ˈhɒməɡɹɑːf/ /ˈhəʊməɡɹæf/ homographs n
homograf
A word that is spelled the same as another word, usually having a different etymology.

homomorphism homomorphisms n
homomorfizm
(algebra) A structure-preserving map between two algebraic structures of the same type, such as groups, rings, or vector spaces.

homonym /ˈhɑmənɪm/ /ˈhɒmənɪm/ homonyms n
homonim
(loosely) A word that sounds or is spelled the same as another word (but not necessarily both), technically called a homophone (same sound, different spelling) or a homograph (same spelling, different sound), or if both are the same, a homonym.

homophobe [ˈhɒməˌfəʊb] [ˈhəʊməˌfəʊb] homophobes n
homofob homofobka
A person who is prejudiced against homosexuals and homosexuality.

homophobia /ˌhɒ.məˈfəʊ.bi.ə/ /ˌhəʊ.məˈfəʊ.bi.ə/ homophobias n
homofobia
Hatred, fear, dislike of, or prejudice against homosexuals.

homophobic more homophobic most homophobic adj
homofobiczny
Exhibiting homophobia; characteristic of homophobes.

homosexual /ˌhoʊmoʊˈsɛkʃuːəl/ /ˌhoʊməˈsɛkʃuːəl/ /ˌhɒməʊˈsɛksjuːəl/ /ˌhɒməʊˈsɛkʃuːəl/ /ˌhəʊməʊˈsɛksjuːəl/ /ˌhəʊməʊˈsɛkʃuːəl/ more homosexual most homosexual adj
homoseksualny homoseksualista
(of a person or animal, formal, distancing, or, dated) Sexually and/or romantically attracted to members of the same sex, such as a man who is attracted to men or a woman who is attracted to women; gay. (Typically used in the sense of sole/exclusive attraction.)

homosexual /ˌhoʊmoʊˈsɛkʃuːəl/ /ˌhoʊməˈsɛkʃuːəl/ /ˌhɒməʊˈsɛksjuːəl/ /ˌhɒməʊˈsɛkʃuːəl/ /ˌhəʊməʊˈsɛksjuːəl/ /ˌhəʊməʊˈsɛkʃuːəl/ homosexuals n
homoseksualista gej lesbijka
(typically, formal, distancing, or, dated) A person who is sexually attracted solely or primarily to others of the same sex.

homosexuality /ˌhoʊmoʊˌsɛkʃuˈælɪti/ /ˌhoʊməˌsɛkʃuˈælɪti/ /ˌhɒmə(ʊ)-/ /ˌhəʊmə(ʊ)sɛkʃʊˈælɪti/ /ˌhəʊmə(ʊ)ˌsɛksjʊˈælɪti/ homosexualities n
homoseksualizm
Sexual activity with a person of the same sex, sometimes (potentially, _, offensive) restricted to same-sex sex between males. [1897]

homosexually adv
homoseksualnie
In a homosexual way.

homothety homotheties n
jednokładność homotetia
(mathematics, geometry) An isotropic scaling transformation of an affine space with a single fixed point.

hone /hoʊn/ /həʊn/ hones n
osełka
A sharpening stone composed of extra-fine grit used for removing the burr or curl from the blade of a razor or some other edge tool.

hone /hoʊn/ /həʊn/ v
doskonalić
(transitive) To refine or master (a skill).

honest /ˈɑnəst/ /ˈɑnɪst/ /ˈɒnɪst/ /ˈɔːnɪst/ honester honestest more honest most honest adj
uczciwy szczery
(of a person or institution) Scrupulous with regard to telling the truth; not given to swindling, lying, or fraud; upright.

honest /ˈɑnəst/ /ˈɑnɪst/ /ˈɒnɪst/ /ˈɔːnɪst/ more honest most honest adv
autentyk

honestly /ˈɑnɪstli/ /ˈɒnɪstli/ more honestly most honestly adv
szczerze uczciwie
(manner) In an honest manner.

honesty /ˈɑnəsti/ /ˈɒnəsti/ /ˈɒnəstɪ/ /ˈɔːnɪstɪ/ honesties n
uczciwość szczerość
(uncountable, countable) The act, quality, or condition of being honest.

honey /ˈhʌni/ honeys honies n
miód miód pszczeli
(uncountable) A viscous, gold-coloured sweet fluid produced from plant nectar by bees, and often consumed by humans.
laska
(countable, informal) A woman, especially an attractive one.
kolor miodowy
A spectrum of pale yellow to brownish-yellow colour, like that of most types of (the sweet substance) honey.

honey badger honey badgers n
miodożer pszczoło-jamnik ratel ratel miodożerny
Mellivora capensis, a badger-like mustelid native to Africa, the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent.

honey bee honey bees n
pszczoła miodny
Any of seven species of bee, in genus Apis, often kept commercially for honey, beeswax, and pollination of crops.

honey buzzard honey buzzards n
pszczołojad trzmielojad zwyczajny
European honey buzzard (Pernis apivorus), a summer migrant to most of Europe and western Asia, wintering in tropical Africa

honey dipper honey dippers n
czerpak do miodu
A turned kitchen tool used to transfer honey.

honey fungus honey fungi n
opieńka
A parasitic mushroom of the genus Armillaria that lives on trees and shrubs.

honey locust honey locusts n
glediczja iglicznia
A North American deciduous tree (Gleditsia triacanthos) having fragrant flowers, hard red wood, and conspicuous thorns.

honey trap honey traps n
miodowa pułapka
(idiomatic) The use of a romantic or a sexual relationship to entice a person into revealing secret information.

honeycake honeycakes n
miodownik
A cake made with honey.

honeycomb /ˈhʌnikəʊm/ /ˈhʌniˌkoʊm/ honeycombs n
plaster plaster miodu
(uncountable) A substance made by bees (clade Anthophila) primarily from beeswax which has hexagonal cells to hold their larvae, and for storing pollen and honey to feed the larvae and themselves when other food is scarce; it is also eaten by humans as part of comb-honey; (countable) a single sheet made up of two layers of this substance.

honeydew /-dʒuː/ /ˈhʌniˌd(j)u/ /ˈhʌnɪdjuː/ honeydews n
spadź rosa miodowa
(uncountable) A sweet, sticky substance deposited on leaves and other plant parts by insects (especially aphids and scale insects) feeding on plant sap, or by fungi.

honeydew melon honeydew melons n
melon spadziowy
A melon from the Cucumis melo Inodorus cultivar group, with sweet, light green or white flesh and a smooth greenish-white or yellow rind.

honeyeater honeyeaters n
miodojad
Any of the many Australasian birds of the family Meliphagidae, which have a tongue adapted for obtaining nectar from flowers.

honeymoon /ˈhʌn.iˌmuːn/ honeymoons n
miesiąc miodowy
The period of time immediately following a marriage.
A period of goodwill at the beginning of a new term or relationship (e.g. towards a newly elected politician or in respect of a new business arrangement).
miesiąc miodowy podróż poślubna
A trip taken by a newly married couple during this period.

honeysuckle /ˈhʌniːsʌkəl/ /ˈhʌnɪsʌk(ə)l/ honeysuckles n
wiciokrzew suchodrzew
Any of several species of superficially similar plants from Australia

honeywort honeyworts n
ośmiał
Any of the genus Cerinthe of flowering plants that attract bees.

honi soit qui mal y pense /ˌoʊni -/ /ˌɒni ˌswɑː kiː ˌmal iː ˈpɒ̃s/ /ˌɔni ˌswɑ ki ˌmɑl i ˈpɑ̃s/ phraseologicalUnit
hańba temu, kto widzi w tym coś nieprzystojnego
The motto of the British chivalric Order of the Garter, still used in the royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom.

honk /hɑŋk/ /hɒŋk/ /hɔŋk/ v
trąbić
(transitive, intransitive) To use a car horn.
gęgać
(intransitive) To make a loud, harsh sound like a car horn.

honky honkies n
białas białaska
(North America, pejorative, racial slur) A white (Caucasian) person.

honor /ˈɑn.ɚ/ /ˈɒn.ə/ honors n
cześć honor
(uncountable) Recognition of importance or value; respect; veneration (of someone, usually for being morally upright or successful).
honor
(uncountable) The state of being morally upright, honest, noble, virtuous, and magnanimous; excellence of character; the perception of such a state; favourable reputation; dignity.
honor cześć
(countable) A token of praise or respect; something that represents praiseworthiness or respect, such as a prize or award given by the state to a citizen.
zaszczyt
A privilege (which honors the person experiencing it).
(in the plural) The privilege of going first.

honor among thieves n
wiarygodność wśród niewiarygodnych

honorable /ˈɑnəɹəbl̩/ /ˈɑnɹəbl̩/ /ˈɒnəɹəbl̩/ /ˈɒnɹəbl̩/ more honorable most honorable adj
szanowny czcigodny dostojny
Worthy of respect; respectable.

honorarium /ˌɑ.nəˈɹɛɹ.i.əm/ /ˌɒ.nəˈɹɛɹ.i.əm/ honoraria honorariums n
honorarium opłata wynagrodzenie
Compensation for services that do not have a predetermined value.

honorary /ˈɑn.əˌrɛr.i/ adj
honorowy nominalny tytularny
Given as an honor/honour, with no duties attached, and without payment.

honorary consul honorary consuls n
konsul honorowy
A person representing a country as a local consul, who is a private person (without diplomatic immunity; not a career diplomat) and part-time representative, with their own primary pursuits, frequently a citizen of the country that is hosting the consul (a local citizen; not a citizen of the country being represented) or expatriate (citizen of the country being represented, living and working in the local country), frequently with commercial ties to the country being represented.

honorific /ˌɑːnəˈɹɪfɪk/ /ˌɒnəˈɹɪfɪk/ more honorific most honorific adj
honorowy grzecznościowy honoryfikatywny zaszczytny
Showing or conferring honour and respect.

honorific /ˌɑːnəˈɹɪfɪk/ /ˌɒnəˈɹɪfɪk/ honorifics n
zwrot grzecznościowy
A term of respect; respectful language.

honorificabilitudinitatibus /-ˈtæ-/ /ˌɑn.əˌɹɪf.ɪ.kəˌbɪl.əˌt(j)u.dɪ.nɪˈteɪ.tɪ.bəs/ /ˌɒn.əˌɹɪf.ɪ.kəˌbɪl.ɪˌt(j)uː.dɪ.nɪˈteɪ.tɪ.bəs/ [-ɾɪ-] n
szanowny
The state of being able to achieve honours; honourableness.

honour killing honour killings n
zabójstwo honorowe
(euphemistic, UK, Canada) A typically Middle Eastern and South Asian cultural practice whereby a family member, usually female, is murdered by other family members, the act being justified as retribution for a (usually sexual) slight upon the family's honour.

hooch /huːt͡ʃ/ hooches n
bimber gorzała samogon
(North America, informal) An alcoholic beverage, especially an inferior or illicit one and especially liquor such as whisky.

hood /hʊd/ [hɪ̈d] [hʊ̈d] hoods n
kapot
kaptur kapuza
A covering for the head attached to a larger garment such as a jacket or cloak.
maska
An enclosure that protects something, especially from above.

hood rat hood rats n
bloker blokers
(slang, African-American Vernacular English, pejorative) A person from an urban neighbourhood who overtly exhibits attributes associated with inner city life, especially in both behaviour and appearance.

hooded crane hooded cranes n
żuraw białogłowy
Grus monacha, a bird of the crane (Gruidae) family, native to East Asia

hooded crow hooded crows n
wrona siwa
A grey and black Eurasian crow, Corvus cornix.

hoodie /ˈhʊdi/ hoodies n
bluza
A sweatshirt with an integral hood and, sometimes, a large kangaroo pocket at the front.

hoodlum /ˈhuːdləm/ /ˈhʊdləm/ hoodlums n
bandyta gangster
A gangster; a hired thug.

hoof /huːf/ /hʊf/ hoofs hooves n
kopyto
The tip of a toe of an ungulate such as a horse, ox or deer, strengthened by a thick keratin covering.

hoof fungus hoof fungi n
hubiak pospolity
Fomes fomentarius, a fungal plant pathogen found in Europe, Asia, Africa and North America, producing large polypore fruit bodies shaped like a horse's hoof.

hoof pick hoof picks n
kopystka
A hooked tool, usually of metal, used to clean the hooves of a horse.

hoofed /hʊft/ adj
kopytny
Having a hoof or hooves; ungulate.

hook /huːk/ /hʊk/ hooks n
hak kotwiczka
A rod bent into a curved shape, typically with one end free and the other end secured to a rope or other attachment.
sierpowy hak
(boxing) a type of punch delivered with the arm rigid and partially bent and the fist travelling nearly horizontally mesially along an arc

hook and eye hooks and eyes n
haftka
A matched hook and an eye (loop into which the hook can fit), used for fastening.

hook up v
podłączać podłączyć
(transitive) To connect to something like a power supply or a signal source.
puszczać się puścić się
(intransitive, slang, followed by with) To have a casual sexual experience with another person, usually without any future relationship intended.

hookah /ˈhu.kə/ /ˈhʊ.kə/ hookahs n
szisza nargile fajka wodna
(recreational inhalants) A pipe with a long flexible tube that draws the smoke through water, traditionally used for smoking tobacco, which is often flavored.

hooked /hʊkt/ more hooked most hooked adj
haczykowaty
Having a sharp curve at the end; resembling a hook.

hooker /ˈhʊk.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈhʊk.ɚ/ hookers n
młynarz
(rugby) A player who hooks the ball out of the scrum with his foot.

hooligan /ˈhuː.lɪ.ɡən/ hooligans n
chuligan chuliganka warchoł zabijaka zakapiór
(informal, pejorative) A person who causes trouble or violence.

hooliganish more hooliganish most hooliganish adj
chuligański
Characterised by hooliganism; of or relating to hooligans.

hooliganism hooliganisms n
chuliganizm chuligaństwo
unruly, aggressive behavior; behavior associated with hooligans

hoop /huːp/ hoops n
obręcz
A circular band of metal used to bind a barrel.

hoopoe /ˈhupoʊ/ /ˈhupu/ /ˈhupəʊ/ /ˈhuːpuː/ hoopoes n
dudek
Any Old World bird of genus Upupa, especially Upupa epops (Eurasian hoopoe), known for its distinctive plumage, fanlike crest, and slender bill.

hooray /həˈɹeɪ/ interjection
hura
Used to express approval, joy or victory.

hoot /huːt/ /hʉːt/ [hïɯt] hoots n
pohukiwanie
The cry of an owl.

hoot /huːt/ /hʉːt/ [hïɯt] v
hukać pohukiwać
To make the cry of an owl, a hoo.

hooter /ˈhu.tɚ/ /ˈhuː.tə(ɹ)/ [ˈhu.ɾɚ] hooters n
klakson
The horn in a motor vehicle.

hop /hɑp/ /hɒp/ hops n
chmiel
(usually, in the plural) The flowers of the hop plant, dried and used to brew beer etc.
(US, slang) Opium, or some other narcotic drug.

hopak /ˈhoːpæk/ /ˈhəʊpæk/ hopaks n
hopak
A Ukrainian national dance in 2/4 time.

hope /hoʊp/ /həʊp/ hopes n
nadzieja
(countable, _, or, _, uncountable) The feeling of trust, confidence, belief or expectation that something wished for can or will happen.
(countable) A person or thing that is a source of hope.

hope /hoʊp/ /həʊp/ v
mieć nadzieję spodziewać się
(intransitive, transitive) To want something to happen, with a sense of expectation that it might.

hope springs eternal proverb
nadzieja umiera ostatnia jeszcze Polska nie zginęła
The feeling of hopefulness endlessly renews itself.

hopeless /ˈhoʊplɪs/ /ˈhəʊplɪs/ more hopeless most hopeless adj
beznadziejny
Giving no ground of hope; promising nothing desirable; desperate.

hopelessly /ˈhoʊplɪsli/ /ˈhəʊplɪsli/ more hopelessly most hopelessly adv
beznadziejnie

hopelessness hopelessnesses n
beznadzieja beznadziejność
A lack of hope; despair.

hophornbeam hophornbeams n
chmielograb
Any species of the genus Ostrya, with exceptionally dense wood and hop-like fruit.

hoplite /ˈhɒplaɪt/ hoplites n
hoplita
(historical) A heavily-armed infantry soldier of Ancient Greece, wielding a one-handed spear and an aspis.

hopscotch /ˈhɑpˌskɑt͡ʃ/ /ˈhɒpˌskɒt͡ʃ/ n
klasy gra w klasy
(playground games) A child's game, in which a player, hopping on one foot, drives a stone from one compartment to another of a figure traced or scotched on the ground.

hora horas n
hora
A circle dance popular in the Balkans, Israel and Yiddish culture worldwide.

horde /ho(ː)ɹd/ /hoəd/ /hɔɹd/ /hɔːd/ hordes n
horda
A wandering troop or gang; especially, a clan or tribe of a nomadic people (originally Tatars) migrating from place to place for the sake of pasturage, plunder, etc.; a predatory multitude.
A large number of people or things.

horehound horehounds n
szanta
Any plant of the genus Marrubium.
szanta zwyczajna
A herb (Marrubium vulgare), of the mint family, traditionally used as a cough remedy and to make a type of hard candy.

horizon /həˈɹaɪ.zən/ horizons n
horyzont nieboskłon widnokrąg
The visible horizontal line (in all directions) where the sky appears to meet the earth in the distance.

horizontal /ˌhoɹəˈzɑntəl/ /ˌhɒɹɪˈzɒntəl/ more horizontal most horizontal adj
poziomy horyzontalny
Perpendicular to the vertical; parallel to the plane of the horizon; level, flat.

horizontal bar horizontal bars n
drążek
(gymnastics) A horizontally-aligned bar used in gymnastics, upon which acts of swinging are performed.

horizontally more horizontally most horizontally adv
poziomo
In a horizontal direction or position.

hormonal /hɔɹˈmoʊnəl/ more hormonal most hormonal adj
hormonalny
(hormone) Pertaining to hormones.

hormone /ˈhoɹmoʊn/ /ˈhɔːməʊn/ hormones n
hormon
(physiology) Any substance produced by one tissue and conveyed by the bloodstream to another to effect physiological activity.

hormone replacement therapy hormone replacement therapies n
terapia hormonalna zastępcza terapia hormonalna
(medicine, especially, serotherapy) Any of several medical regimens that introduce sex hormones to the body to replace lost or unavailable ones.

horn /hɔɹn/ /hɔːn/ /ˈhoːrn/ /ˈhoːɻn/ /ˈhɒːɹn/ horns n
róg
Any similar real or imaginary growth or projection such as the elongated tusk of a narwhal, the eyestalk of a snail, the pointed growth on the nose of a rhinoceros, or the hornlike projection on the head of a demon or similar.
(uncountable) The hard substance from which animals' horns are made, sometimes used by man as a material for making various objects.
An object whose shape resembles a horn, such as cornucopia or the point of an anvil.
(countable) Any of several musical wind instruments.
(countable, musical instrument) An instrument resembling a musical horn and used to signal others.
klakson
(countable, automotive) A loud alarm, especially one on a motor vehicle.

hornbeam /ˈhɔɹnˌbim/ /ˈhɔːnˌbiːm/ hornbeams n
grab
A tree of the genus Carpinus, having a smooth gray bark and a ridged trunk, the wood being white and very hard, common along the banks of streams in the United States.

hornbill /ˈhɔːn.bɪl/ /ˈhɔːɹn.bɪl/ hornbills n
dzioborożec
Any of various birds of the family Bucerotidae, with bills resembling a cow's horns. Many species have a casque above the bill, and many imprison their young in a tree.

horned /ˈhɔː(ɹ)nd/ /ˈhɔː(ɹ)nɪd/ adj
rogaty
Having horns.

horned lark horned larks n
górniczek zwyczajny
(US) A lark, Eremophila alpestris, with distinctive facial markings.

horned melon horned melons n
kiwano ogórek kiwano
A plant of the species Cucumis metulifer, bearing a cucumber-like fruit.

horned owl horned owls n
puchacz
An owl of the genus Bubo native to the Americas, among the largest types of owl, having two horn-like tufts of feathers on its head.

hornero horneros n
garncarz
Any of several species of passerine birds in the genus Furnarius, native to South America.

hornet /ˈhɔɹ.nɪt/ /ˈhɔː.nɪt/ hornets n
szerszeń
A large wasp, of the genus Vespa, having a brown-and-yellow-striped body and the ability to inflict a serious sting.

hornless /hɔɹn.ləs/ /hɔɹn.lɪs/ /hɔːn.ləs/ /hɔːn.lɪs/ adj
bezrogi nierogaty
Without horns.

hornwort hornworts n
rogatek sztywny

horny /ˈhoɹni/ /ˈhɔːni/ hornier horniest adj
rogowy zrogowaciały
Hard or bony, like an animal's horn.
rogaty
Having horns.
napalony
(slang, informal) Sexually aroused.

horology horologies n
horologia
The art, science, and technology of making and maintaining timekeeping devices such as clocks, watches and sundials.

horoscope /ˈhɒ.ɹə.skəʊp/ /ˈhɔ.ɹəˌskoʊp/ horoscopes n
horoskop
The position of the planets and stars at the moment of someone's birth; a diagram of such positions.
An astrological forecast of a person's future based on such information.

horrible /ˈhɑɹɪbəl/ /ˈhɒɹɪbəl/ /ˈhɔɹɪbəl/ [-bəɫ] horribler horriblest more horrible most horrible adj
straszny okropny
Causing horror; terrible; shocking.

horrific /hɑˈɹɪfɪk/ /hɒˈɹɪfɪk/ /hɔˈɹɘfɘk/ /hɔˈɹɪfɪk/ /hɘˈɹɘfɘk/ /həˈɹɪfɪk/ more horrific most horrific adj
przerażający
Horrifying, causing horror; horrible.

horror /ˈhɑɹ.ɚ/ /ˈhɒɹ.ə/ /ˈhɔɚ/ /ˈhɔɹ.ɚ/ horrors n
groza strach
(countable, uncountable) An intense distressing emotion of fear or repugnance.

horror movie horror movies n
film grozy horror
(mostly, North America) A motion picture which entertains by horrifying or frightening the audience.

horror of horrors interjection
o zgrozo

horror story horror stories n
horror
(fiction) A fictional narrative of distressing events.
An unpleasant experience.

horror vacui n
natura nie znosi próżni

hors d'oeuvre /ˌɔɹˈdɝv/ /ˌɔːˈdɜːv/ hors d'oeuvre hors d'oeuvres n
przystawka zakąska
(food) A small, light, and usually savory first course in a meal.
(by extension) Anything of secondary concern; not the primary thing.
(dated, rare) Something unusual or extraordinary.

horse /hoɹs/ /hoːs/ /hɔːs/ /hɔːɹs/ [ho̝ːs] [ho̞ɹs] horses n
koń klacz
Any member of the species Equus ferus, including the Przewalski's horse and the extinct Equus ferus ferus.

horse bean horse beans n
bób
A broad bean (Vicia faba var. equina),

horse chestnut /ˌhɔɹs ˈtʃɛsnʌt/ /ˌhɔːs ˈtʃɛsnʌt/ horse chestnuts n
kasztanowiec
Any of several tree species of genus Aesculus, especially Aesculus hippocastanum, common in temperate northern hemisphere.

horse collar horse collars n
chomąto
A part of a horse's harness that is used to distribute the load around its neck and shoulders when pulling a wagon or plough.

horse of a different color n
inna para kaloszy
(American spelling, idiomatic) An unrelated or only incidentally related matter with distinctly different significance.

horse racing n
jeździectwo
A sport where horses and their jockeys compete to race around a track the fastest.

horse sense n
chłopski rozum zdrowy rozsądek
Common sense, especially with a connotation of folk wisdom that trumps formal education.

horse thief horse thieves n
koniokrad
Someone who steals horses.

horse-leech horse-leeches n
pijawka końska
A type of sucking worm, Haemopis sanguisuga, larger than the common leech.

horsebreaker horsebreakers n
ujeżdżacz
One who trains, or breaks in, horses.

horsefly horseflies n
bąk
Any of several medium to large flies, of the family Tabanidae, that suck the blood of mammals (not to be confused with Stomoxys calcitrans, the stable fly, or dog fly).

horsehair horsehairs n
końskie włosie
The hair of a horse, especially from the mane and tail, used for upholstery.

horseless adj
bezkonny

horseling horselings n
konik
A young or little horse; foal; pony.

horseman /ˈhɔrsmən/ /ˈhɔːsmən/ horsemen n
jeździec
A man who rides a horse.

horsemeat horsemeats n
konina
The meat from a horse.

horseplay n
harce swawola
Rough or rowdy play that can often result in unintentional physical harm.

horsepower /ˈhɔɹsˌpaʊɚ/ /ˈhɔːsˌpaʊə/ horsepower horsepowers n
koń mechaniczny koń parowy
A metric unit (symbol often PS from the German abbreviation), approximately equal to 735.5 watts.

horseradish /ˈhɔɹsɹædɪʃ/ /ˈhɔːsɹædɪʃ/ horseradishes n
chrzan
(countable) A plant of the mustard family, Armoracia rusticana.
(uncountable) A pungent condiment made from the root of the plant.

horseshoe /ˈhɔː.ʃuː/ /ˈhɔːs.ʃuː/ /ˈhɔːɹ.ʃuː/ /ˈhɔːɹs.ʃuː/ horseshoes n
podkowa
The U-shaped shoe of a horse, now typically made of metal; by extension, a representation of this used to play the game horseshoes, hung as a luck charm, etc.

horseshoe /ˈhɔː.ʃuː/ /ˈhɔːs.ʃuː/ /ˈhɔːɹ.ʃuː/ /ˈhɔːɹs.ʃuː/ v
kuć podkuwać podkuć
To apply horseshoes to (a horse).

horseshoe bat horseshoe bats n
podkowiec
A bat of the genus Rhinolophus.

horseshoe crab horseshoe crabs n
mieczogon ostrogon
A type of chelicerate arthropod, of the genus Limulus, resembling a crab, to which it is not closely related.

horseshoe vetch horseshoe vetches n
konikleca
Hippocrepis genus and any species in it
often Hippocrepis comosa specifically, tufted horseshoe vetch

horsetail /ˈhɔː(ɹ)s.teɪl/ horsetails n
skrzyp
(botany) Any of various simple vascular plants, of the order Equisetales, that have hollow stems and produce spores.

horsetrader horsetraders n
koniarz
(literally) A person who buys and sells horses, especially one who makes such transactions in a clever or skillful manner.

horsewhip horsewhips n
szpicrut szpicruta
A whip for use on horses.

horsewoman horsewomen n
jeźdźczyni
A woman who is skilled with horses; a female equestrian.

horst /hɔːst/ horsts n
zrąb tektoniczny
(geology) An area of the earth's surface which is raised relative to surrounding land.

horsy /ˈhɔɹsi/ /ˈhɔːsi/ horsier horsiest adj
koński
Of or relating to horses.

horsy /ˈhɔɹsi/ /ˈhɔːsi/ horsies n
konik
(childish, or, endearing) A child's term or name for a horse.

horticulture /ˈhɔɹ.tɪˌkʌl.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈhɔː.tɪˌkʌl.tʃə(ɹ)/ horticultures n
ogrodnictwo
The art or science of cultivating gardens; gardening.

hosanna /hoʊˈzænə/ /hoʊˈzɑnə/ interjection
hosanna
A cry of praise or adoration to God in liturgical use among the Jews, and said to have been shouted in recognition of the Messiahship of Jesus on his entry into Jerusalem; hence since used in the Christian Church.

hose /hoʊz/ /həʊz/ hosen hoses n
wąż szlauch
(countable) A flexible tube conveying water or other fluid.

hospice /ˈhɑspɪs/ /ˈhɒspɪs/ hospices n
hospicjum
(uncountable) The provision of palliative care for terminally ill patients, either at a specialized facility or at a residence, and support for the family, typically refraining from taking extraordinary measures to prolong life.

hospitable /hɑsˈpɪtəbl̩/ /hɒsˈpɪtəbl̩/ /ˈhɑspɪtəbl̩/ more hospitable most hospitable adj
gościnny
cordial and generous towards guests

hospitableness n
gościnność
The quality of being hospitable.

hospital /ˈhɑs.pɪ.tl̩/ /ˈhɑs.pɪ.ɾl̩/ /ˈhɒs.pɪ.tl̩/ /ˈɒs.pɪ.tl̩/ hospitals n
szpital
A large medical facility, usually in a building with multiple floors, where seriously ill or injured patients are given extensive medical and/or surgical treatment.

hospitality /hɑs.pɪˈtæl.ɪ.ti/ /hɒs.pɪˈtæl.ɪ.ti/ hospitalities n
gościnność
The act or service of welcoming, receiving, hosting, or entertaining guests; an appropriate attitude of openness, respect, and generosity toward guests.
obsługa obsługiwanie
(business) The business of providing catering, lodging and entertainment service; the industry which includes the operation of hotels, restaurants, and similar enterprises.

hospitalization hospitalizations n
hospitalizacja
The hospitalizing of a patient, the condition of being hospitalized, or the period a patient stays in hospital.

hospitalize /ˈhɒspɪtəˌlaɪz/ v
hospitalizować umieścić w szpitalu
To send to hospital; to admit (a person) to hospital.

hospodar hospodars n
hospodar
(historical) A title borne by the governors of Moldavia and Wallachia.

host /hoʊst/ /həʊst/ hostess hosts n
gospodarz
One which receives or entertains a guest, socially, commercially, or officially.
A person or organization responsible for running an event.
hostia
(Christianity) The consecrated bread of the Eucharist.
host
(computing, Internet) Any computer attached to a network.
żywiciel gospodarz
(ecology) A cell or organism which harbors another organism or biological entity, usually a parasite.

host /hoʊst/ /həʊst/ v
gościć ugościć
To perform the role of a host.
hostować
(computing, Internet) To run software made available to a remote user or process.

host family host families n
rodzina goszcząca
(This entry is a translation hub.)

hostage /ˈhɑs.tɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈhɒs.tɪd͡ʒ/ hostages n
zakładnik zakładniczka
A person given as a pledge or security for the performance of the conditions of a treaty or similar agreement, such as to ensure the status of a vassal.

hostagehood n
zakładnictwo

hostel /ˈhɑstəl/ /ˈhɒstəl/ hostels n
hostel
A commercial overnight lodging place, with dormitory accommodation and shared facilities, especially a youth hostel.

hostess /ˈhoʊstɪs/ /ˈhəʊstəs/ host hostesses n
gospodyni
A female host.
karczmarka oberżystka szynkarka
A female innkeeper.
stewardesa stewardessa
Stewardess: a woman steward on an airplane.

hostile /ˈhɑstaɪl/ /ˈhɑstəl/ /ˈhɒstaɪl/ /ˈhɒstəl/ more hostile most hostile adj
wrogi
Not friendly; appropriate to an enemy; showing the disposition of an enemy; showing ill will and malevolence or a desire to thwart and injure.

hostile takeover hostile takeovers n
wrogie przejęcie
An attempted takeover of a company that is strongly resisted by the target company's management.

hostilely /ˈhɑ.staɪl.li/ /ˈhɑs.tə.li/ /ˈhɑs.təl.li/ more hostilely most hostilely adv
wrogo
In a hostile manner.

hostility /hɑˈstɪlɪti/ /hɒˈstɪlɪti/ hostilities n
wrogość nieprzyjaźń
(uncountable) The state of being hostile.

hostler /ˈ(h)ɑs.lɚ/ /ˈ(h)ɒs.lə/ hostlers n
stajenny
A worker employed at an inn, hostelry, or stable to look after horses; a groom.
parowozowy
(by extension) A railway worker employed to care for a locomotive or other large engine; especially, a yard jockey.

hot /hɑt/ /hɒt/ hotter hottest adj
gorący
(of an object) Having or giving off a high temperature.
(colloquial, of a person) Very physically and/or sexually attractive.
gorący upalny
(of a person or animal) Feeling the sensation of heat, especially to the point of discomfort.
ostry pikantny
(of food) Spicy, pungent, piquant, as some chilis and other spices are.

hot air n
gorący powietrze
(literal) Air that has been heated, especially so as to function as the lifting agent of a hot-air balloon.
bicie piany
(idiomatic) Empty, confused, or exaggerated talk lacking meaning or substance; bluster.

hot chocolate hot chocolates n
gorąca czekolada
A (serving of a) warm beverage made of cocoa and water or milk, often drunk during cold weather.

hot chocolate effect n
efekt cappuccino

hot dog /ˈhɑt.dɑɡ/ /ˈhɑt.dɔɡ/ /ˈhɒt.dɒɡ/ /ˈhʌt.dɒɡ/ /ˌhɑtˈdɑɡ/ /ˌhɑtˈdɔɡ/ /ˌhɒtˈdɒɡ/ [ˈhʌʔ.dɒːɡ] hot dogs n
hot dog
A sandwich consisting of a frankfurter or wiener, in a bread roll, usually topped with ketchup, mustard, relish, etc.

hot flush hot flushes n
uderzenie gorąca
(UK, Canada, AU, NZ) A sudden, but brief, sensation of heat over the entire body; a common symptom of the menopause.

hot glue gun hot glue guns n
pistolet do kleju
A gun-shaped tool with a heating element, used to apply hot melt adhesives.

hot on someone's heels adj
deptać po piętach
(idiomatic) Close behind; pursuing or following closely.

hot shoe hot shoes n
gorąca stopka

hot spot /ˈhɑtˌspɑt/ /ˈhɒtˌspɒt/ hot spots n
hotspot
(Internet, networking) A location in which Wi-Fi Internet access is available.

hot spring hot springs n
cieplica gorące źródło źródło ciepłe źródło termalne
A natural spring producing water whose temperature is greater than about 20°C (68°F).

hot tub hot tubs n
jacuzzi
(chiefly, US) A large tub, often situated outdoors, filled with hot water and used for communal leisure bathing.

hot war hot wars n
otwarta wojna
A conflict in which actual fighting takes place between the belligerent parties.

hot water bottle hot water bottles n
termofor
A flexible, saclike bottle, usually made of rubber, intended to be filled with hot water and placed on some part of the body for thermotherapy, or simple warming.

hot water heater hot water heaters n
boiler piecyk elektryczny piecyk gazowy podgrzewacz wody terma
An apparatus, usually fuel-burning, electric or solar-powered, in which water is heated to be used directly as domestic hot water or process hot water (but not for supplying space heating, calorifiers etc, for which a boiler or furnace is used).

hot-air balloon hot-air balloons n
balon balon na ogrzane powietrze
A balloon-shaped aircraft whose bag is inflated with hot air, carrying passengers and crew in a gondola slung underneath.

hotbed hotbeds n
inspekt
A low bed of earth covered with glass, and heated with rotting manure, used for the germination of seeds and the growth of tender plants, like a miniature hothouse.
siedlisko wylęgarnia zarzewie
(by extension) An environment that is ideal for the growth or development of something, especially of something undesirable.

hotel /(h)əʊˈtɛl/ /hoʊˈtɛl/ /ˈhoʊtɛl/ hotels n
hotel
An establishment that provides accommodation and other services for paying guests; normally larger than a guesthouse, and often one of a chain. [from 17th c.]

hotel room hotel rooms n
pokój hotelowy

hothouse hothouses n
cieplarnia
A heated greenhouse.

hotline hotlines n
infolinia
A telephone line that is always staffed and able to give immediate assistance.

hottie /ˈhɑ.ti/ /ˈhɒ.ti/ /ˈhɔ.ti/ [ˈhɑ.ɾi] [ˈhɔ.ɾi] hotties n
ciacho
(slang, originally, Australian) A physically or sexually attractive person.

houbara bustard houbara bustards n
hubara
Chlamydotis undulata, a bustard, chiefly of North Africa and south-east Asia.

hound /haʊnd/ hounds n
ogar gończy
A dog, particularly a breed with a good sense of smell developed for hunting other animals.

hour /ˈaʊə(ɹ)/ /ˈaʊɚ/ hours n
godzina
A unit of time of one twenty-fourth of a day (sixty minutes).
(Christianity, in the plural) The set times of prayer, the canonical hours, the offices or services prescribed for these, or a book containing them.

hour hand hour hands n
wskazówka godzinowa
The hand of a clock or watch face that revolves twice each day and indicates the hours.

hour of need hours of need n
godzina potrzeby

hourglass /ˈaʊəɡlɑːs/ hourglasses n
klepsydra zegar piaskowy
A clock made of two glass vessels connected by a narrow passage through which sand flows.

hourglass figure hourglass figures n
figura klepsydry
A human body shape resembling an hourglass, i.e. with a very narrow waist and wide bust and hips.

houri /ˈhʊəɹi/ houris n
hurysa
(Islam) A nymph in the form of a beautiful virgin supposed to dwell in Paradise for the enjoyment of the faithful.

hourly /ˈaʊ̯əli/ /ˈaʊ̯ɚli/ adj
cogodzinny
Occurring every hour.
godzinowy
Unsalaried, paid by the hour; (by extension) blue-collar.

hourslong adj
kilkugodzinny
lasting several hours

house /haʊs/ /hʌʊs/ hice housen houses n
dom
A structure built or serving as an abode of human beings. [from 9th c.]
(Hong Kong, only used in names) An apartment building within a public housing estate.
A place of business; a company or organisation, especially a printing press, a publishing company, or a couturier. [from 10th c.]
A place of public accommodation or entertainment, especially a public house, an inn, a restaurant, a theatre, or a casino; or the management thereof. [from 10th c.]
izba dom
A building used for something other than a residence (typically with qualifying word). [from 10th c.]
(politics) A building where a deliberative assembly meets; whence the assembly itself, particularly a component of a legislature. [from 10th c.]
dom ród
A dynasty; a family with its ancestors and descendants, especially a royal or noble one. [from 10th c.]

house arrest house arrests n
areszt domowy
(legal) Confinement of a person to his or her residence, sometimes with a limited travel allowance, ordered by a judge or other authority as a more lenient alternative to imprisonment.

house call house calls n
wizyta wizyta domowa
A visit by a medical professional, especially a physician, to examine a patient in his or her home.

house mouse house mice n
mysz domowa mysz
The universally common mouse of the species Mus musculus.

house mover house movers n
osoba zamująca się przeprowadzkami

house music /ˈhaʊs ˌmjuːzɪk/ n
house
(music genre) A particular type of electronic dance music with an uptempo beat and recurring kickdrum.

house of cards /ˈhaʊs.ʌvˌkɑɹdz/ [ˈhaʊs.ʌvˌkʰɑɹdz] houses of cards n
domek z kart
A structure made by stacking playing cards in a pyramidal fashion.
(figurative, idiomatic) A structure or argument built on a shaky foundation.

house party house parties n
domówka prywatka wieczorek
A social gathering at someone's house, generally with music, drinking etc. [from 20th c.]

house slipper house slippers n
bambosz ciapeć kapeć pantofel papeć papuć

house sparrow house sparrows n
wróbel wróbel zwyczajny
A bird of the species Passer domesticus, native to much of Eurasia, introduced in many other temperate environments.

house-proud more house-proud most house-proud adj
dumny własnego domu

housecat housecats n
kot domowy
A pet cat that is not allowed outside

housefly houseflies n
mucha domowa
Any fly regularly found in human dwellings.

household /ˈhaʊshoʊld/ /ˈhaʊshəʊld/ households n
gospodarstwo domowe

household appliance household appliances n
sprzęt AGD
A machine which accomplishes a household function, such as cooking or cleaning.

household goods n
artykuły użytku domowego
Collectively, products destined for use in the house, for example, for cleaning, cooking, eating, home entertainment, personal hygiene, sleeping, and general upkeep.

householdership n
właścicielstwo domu

househusband househusbands n
gospodarz gospodarz domu
A man who tends to his home as a housekeeper or homemaker; the male equivalent of a housewife.

housekeeper /ˈhaʊskipɚ/ /ˈhaʊskiːpə/ housekeepers n
gosposia pomoc domowa
Someone (traditionally a woman) employed to look after the home, typically by managing domestic servants or superintending household management; also someone with equivalent duties in a hotel, institution etc. [from 16th c.]

houseleek /ˈhaʊsliːk/ houseleeks n
rojnik
Any of several succulent plants, of the genus Sempervivum, having a rosette of fleshy leaves.

housewarming housewarmings n
parapetówka
(idiomatic) A party to celebrate moving into a new home.

housewife /ˈhaʊs.waɪf/ /ˈhʌz(w)ɪf/ /ˈhʌzwaɪf/ /ˈhʌzɪf/ housewifes housewives n
gospodyni domowa pani domu
(plural "housewives") The wife of a householder; the mistress of a family; the female head of a household.

hover /ˈhɒvə/ /ˈhʌvə/ /ˈhʌvɚ/ v
zawisać zawisnąć
To remain stationary or float in the air.

hovercraft /ˈhɑvɚ.kɹæft/ /ˈhɒv.ə.kɹæft/ /ˈhɒv.ə.kɹɑːft/ /ˈhʌv.ə.kɹæft/ /ˈhʌv.ə.kɹɑːft/ /ˈhʌvɚ.kɹæft/ hovercraft hovercrafts n
poduszkowiec
(vehicle, genericized trademark) A vehicle supported on a cushion of air, able to traverse many different types of terrain and travel over water, used for transport.

hoverfly hoverflies n
bzyg
Any of various flies from the family Syrphidae that hover in the air and feed on the nectar of flowers.

how /haʊ/ /hæɔ/ adv
jak
(interrogative) To what degree or extent.
(interrogative) In what manner:
(interrogative) In what state or condition.
(exclamative) Used as a modifier to indicate surprise, delight, or other strong feelings in an exclamation.

how /haʊ/ /hæɔ/ conjunction
jak w jaki sposób
The manner or way in which.
In any way in which; in whatever way; however.

how about that phraseologicalUnit
no proszęǃ
(rhetorical question) A general statement of surprise or bemusement with regard to a particular event.; isn't that good, or unexpected, etc.

how are you /haʊ ˈɑɹ ju/ /haʊ ˈɑː juː/ /hæɔ ˈaː jə/ /hæɔ ˈaː jʉː/ phraseologicalUnit
co u ciebie? co u was?
(idiomatic) An informal greeting, not requiring a literal response. In form a question, and thus followed by a question mark. Typical responses include:

how come /haʊ kʌm/ adv
dlaczego czemu jak to jakże
(idiomatic, informal) Why; why is it; for what reason or purpose; due to what cause?

how dare you interjection
jak śmiesz
Used to express indignation and shock at another person's actions.

how do I get to phraseologicalUnit
jak dojdę do...? jak mogę dostać się do
Please show me/tell me the best way to reach ...

how do I get to the airport phraseologicalUnit
jak dostanę się na lotnisko?
Used to ask for directions in order to go to an airport.

how do I get to the bus station phraseologicalUnit
jak dostanę się na dworzec autobusowy?
Used to ask for directions in order to go to a bus station.

how do I get to the train station phraseologicalUnit
jak dostanę się na dworzec kolejowy?
Used to ask for directions in order to go to a train station.

how do you do phraseologicalUnit
jak leci jak się macie jak się masz jak tam
(formal) A greeting used upon being introduced to someone. Alternatives are how are you, pleased to meet you, and nice to meet you. (Sometimes used as a rhetorical question among familiar parties, depending on the region).

how do you mean phraseologicalUnit
co masz na myśli?
A request for clarification of what the listener just said.

how do you pronounce this word /ˈhaʊ duː ˈjuː pɹəˈnaʊns ðɪs ˈwɝd/ /ˈhaʊ də juː pɹəˈnaʊns ðɪs ˈwɜːd/ phraseologicalUnit
jak się wymawia to słowo? jak wymówić to słowo?
Please say this word out loud so that I can learn how it is pronounced.

how do you say … in English phraseologicalUnit
jak się mówi … po angielsku?
A request for a translation of a word or phrase into English.

how do you spell this word phraseologicalUnit
jak się pisze to słowo?
I want to know how this word is written.

how long adv
jak długo
Used literally: for what duration.

how many determiner
ile
(This entry is a translation hub.)

how many languages do you speak phraseologicalUnit
ile znasz języków? iloma językami mówisz?
Used to ask the interlocutor how many languages he or she speaks.

how many siblings do you have phraseologicalUnit
ile masz rodzeństwa?
Used to ask how many brothers or sisters someone has.

how much determiner
ile
(interrogative) What amount or quantity (of something stated or implied).
ile ile kosztuje
(specifically, when referring to the cost of an item) What amount of money.

how much do I owe you phraseologicalUnit
ile jestem ci winien? ile wiszę?
Asking how much money is to be paid for products or services.

how much do you charge phraseologicalUnit
ile to kosztuje? ile za to bierzesz?
Used to ask a professional the monetary cost of his/her services.

how much does it cost phraseologicalUnit
ile to kosztuje? po ile?
What is its price? How much money do you want for it?

how old are you /haʊ ˈoʊld ɑɹ ˌju/ /haʊ ˈəʊld ɑː(ɹ) ˌjuː/ phraseologicalUnit
ile ma Pan lat? ile ma Pani lat? ile masz lat?
Asks the age of the interlocutor.
(impolite) Used to question the mental age (maturity) of the interlocutor.

how should I know phraseologicalUnit
bo ja wiem

how so phraseologicalUnit
jak to? w jaki sposób?
(idiomatic) Why?; For what reason?

how the mighty have fallen phraseologicalUnit
jak potężny upada
Used to imply the decline of a once-great person or entity.

how's it going phraseologicalUnit
co słychać co tam jak leci jak się masz jak tam
(informal) how are you?

how's the weather phraseologicalUnit
jaka jest pogoda?
Used to inquire about the weather.

howbeit /haʊˈbiː.ɪt/ conjunction
aliści
(archaic) Although.

however /haʊˈɛvɚ/ /hɑʊˈɛvə/ /hɑˈwɛvə(ɹ)/ adv
jednak jednakże
(conjunctive) Nevertheless; yet, still; in spite of that.

howitzer /ˈhaʊ.ɪts.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈhaʊ.ɪts.əɹ/ howitzers n
haubica
A cannon that combines certain characteristics of field guns and mortars, delivering projectiles with medium velocities, usually with relatively high trajectories; normally a cannon with a tube length of 20 to 30 calibers.

howl /haʊl/ howls n
wycie
The protracted, mournful cry of a dog, wolf or other canid; also of other animals.

howl /haʊl/ v
wyć
To utter a loud, protracted, mournful sound or cry, as dogs and wolves often do.

howler monkey howler monkeys n
wyjec
A Central American and South American monkey of the genus Alouatta, noted for its loud call.

hp n
KM
(unit of power)

hryvnia /(hə)ˈrɪvniə/ /(hə)ˈrɪvnɪə/ hryvni hryvnias n
hrywna
The currency of Ukraine, symbol ₴, divided into 100 kopiykas.

hub /hʌb/ hubs n
piasta
The central part, usually cylindrical, of a wheel; the nave.
węzeł
A point where many routes meet and traffic is distributed, dispensed, or diverted.
hub koncentrator
(networking) A computer networking device connecting several Ethernet ports. See switch.

hubbub /ˈhʌbʌb/ hubbubs n
gwar harmider tumult wrzawa zamieszanie zgiełk
A confused uproar, commotion, tumult or racket.

hubby /ˈhʌbi/ hubbies n
mężuś mężulek
(informal, term of endearment) Husband.

hubcap hubcaps n
kołpak
A decorative and protective disk that covers the hub of a motor car wheel.

hubris /ˈhjuːbɹɪs/ [ˈçju̟ːbɹ̠ʷɪs] hubrises n
pycha
Excessive pride, presumption or arrogance (originally toward the gods).

huchen /ˈhuːkən/ huchens n
głowacica hołowatycia rudopstrąg
Hucho hucho, a species of freshwater fish in the salmon family (Salmonidae) of order Salmoniformes.

hue /hju/ /hjuː/ /hjʉː/ /hɪu̯/ /ju/ [çu] [çu̟ː] [çʉː] hues n
odcień
A color, or shade of color; tint; dye.

hue and cry hue and cries hues and cries n
protest wrzawa
(by extension) A loud and persistent public clamour, especially one associated with protest or the making of some demand.

hug /hʌɡ/ hugs n
objęcie obejmowanie przytulenie
A close embrace, especially when charged with an emotion such as affection, joy, relief, lust, anger, aggression, compassion, and the like, as opposed to being characterized by formality, equivocation or ambivalence (a half-embrace or "little hug").

hug /hʌɡ/ v
obejmować objąć przytulać tulić przytulić uściskać
(transitive, figurative) To hold fast; to cling to; to cherish.

huge /hjuːd͡ʒ/ /juːdʒ/ [hʊudʒ] [çu̟ːd͡ʒ] huger hugest more huge most huge adj
ogromny olbrzymi
Very large.

hugely /ˈhjuːd͡ʒli/ adv
ogromnie
greatly; to a huge extent

huh /hə/ /hʌ/ [hə̃] [hʌ̃] interjection
co
(with rising pitch) Used to reinforce a question.
co ha hę
(slang, with falling pitch) Used either to belittle the issuer of a statement/question, or sarcastically to indicate utter agreement, and that the statement being responded to is an extreme understatement. The intonation is changed to distinguish between the two meanings - implied dullness for belittlement, and feigned surprise for utter agreement.
hę
(informal, with rising pitch) Used to indicate that one did not hear what was said.
nie
(informal, with falling pitch) Used to create a tag question.

hula hoop /ˈhuːlə ˌhuːp/ hula hoops n
hula-hop
A toy in the form of a large hoop which is twirled around various parts of the body, especially the waist.

hull /hʌl/ hulls n
kadłub
(mathematics, geometry, of a set A) The smallest set that possesses a particular property (such as convexity) and contains every point of A; slightly more formally, the intersection of all sets which possess the specified property and of which A is a subset.

hullabaloo /ˈhʌləbəˌlu/ /ˌhʌləbəˈlu/ /ˌhʌləbəˈluː/ hullabaloos n
poruszenie raban rwetes zamieszanie
A clamour, a commotion; a fuss or uproar. [from 17th c.]

hullabaloo /ˈhʌləbəˌlu/ /ˌhʌləbəˈlu/ /ˌhʌləbəˈluː/ v
wywoływać wielkie poruszenie
(intransitive) To make a commotion or uproar.

hum /ˈhʌm/ v
nucić
(intransitive) To make a sound from the vocal chords without pronouncing any real words, with one's lips closed.

human /ˈhjuː.mən/ /ˈju.mən/ [ˈçju̟mn̩] [ˈçju̟mən] more human most human adj
ludzki człowieczy
(notcomp) Of or belonging to the species Homo sapiens or its closest relatives.
ludzki
(comparable) Having the nature or attributes of a human being.

human being human beings n
człowiek istota ludzka ludzie
A person; a large sapient, bipedal primate, with notably less hair than others of that order, of the species Homo sapiens.

human chain human chains n
ludzki łańcuch
(politics) A form of demonstration in which people link their arms as a show of political solidarity.

human geographer human geographers n
antropogeograf

human geography n
antropogeografia
The branch of geography that studies the relationships between the physical environment and the activities of humans.

human right human rights n
prawo człowieka
A basic right that all humans should be guaranteed by virtue of them being a human.

human rights /ˌhjumən ˈɹaɪtz/ /ˌhjuːmən ˈɹaɪtz/ n
prawa człowieka
(international law) The set of basic rights and freedoms that all humans should be guaranteed, including the right to life and liberty, freedom of thought and expression, and equality before the law.

human shield human shields n
ludzka tarcza
(military) Civilians which a military group has deliberately placed combat targets near to deter an enemy from attacking those targets.

human trafficking n
handel ludźmi
A criminal activity in which people are recruited, harboured, transported, bought, or kidnapped to serve an exploitative purpose, such as sexual slavery, forced labor, or child soldiery.

humane /hjuːˈmeɪn/ humaner humanest more humane most humane adj
ludzki humanitarny
Having or showing concern for the pain or suffering of another; compassionate.
humanitarny
Pertaining to branches of learning concerned with human affairs or the humanities, especially classical literature or rhetoric.

humanely more humanely most humanely adv
humanitarnie po ludzku
in a humane way

humaniform more humaniform most humaniform adj
człekokształtny
Like a human or that of a human in form or appearance.

humanism /ˈhjumənɪz(ə)m/ /ˈhjuːmənɪz(ə)m/ humanisms n
humanizm
(historical, often capitalized) Specifically, a cultural and intellectual movement in 14th-16th century Europe characterised by attention to classical culture and a promotion of vernacular texts, notably during the Renaissance. [from 19th c.]
An ethical system that centers on humans and their values, needs, interests, abilities, dignity and freedom; especially used for a secular one which rejects theistic religion and superstition. [from 19th c.]
Humanitarianism, philanthropy.

humanist /ˈhjuːmənɪst/ [ˈhçuːmənɪst] [ˈçuːmənɪst] humanists n
humanista
A person who believes in the philosophy of humanism.

humanistic more humanistic most humanistic adj
humanistyczny
Of or pertaining to humanism.

humanitarian /hjuˌmæ.nəˈtɛ.ɹi.ən/ /hjʊˌmæ.nɪˈtɛː.ɹɪ.ən/ /ˌhjuː.mæ.nɪˈtɛː.ɹɪ.ən/ [-ɛə.ɹi.ən] more humanitarian most humanitarian adj
humanitarny
Concerned with people's welfare, and the alleviation of suffering; compassionate, humane.

humanitarian corridor /-də/ /-ˈkɔ.ɹə.dɚ/ /hjuˌmæ.nəˈtɛ.ɹi.ən ˈkɔ.ɹəˌdɔɹ/ /hjʊˌmæ.nɪˈtɛː.ɹɪ.ən ˈkɒ.ɹɪ.dɔː/ /ˌhjuː.mæ.nɪˈtɛː.ɹɪ.ən-/ [-ɛə.ɹi.ən-] humanitarian corridors n
korytarz humanitarny
A type of temporary demilitarized zone intended to allow the safe transit of humanitarian aid into, and/or refugees out of, a crisis-hit region.

humanitarianism humanitarianisms n
humanitaryzm humanizm
A humanitarian philosophy or practice.

humanities /hjuˈmæn.ɪ.tiz/ n
nauki humanistyczne humanistyka
The study of language, literature, the arts, history, and philosophy, sometimes including religion.

humanity /hjuˈmænɪti/ [hjuˈmænɪɾi] humanities n
ludzkość człowieczeństwo
Humankind; human beings as a group.
człowieczeństwo
The human condition or nature.
człowieczeństwo humanitaryzm humanitarność
The quality of being benevolent; humane traits of character; humane qualities or aspects.

humanization humanizations n
uczłowieczanie uczłowieczenie
The act of humanizing.

humanize /ˈhjuː.mə.naɪz/ v
uczłowieczać uczłowieczyć
(transitive) To make human; to give or cause to have the fundamental properties of a human.

humanness humannesses n
człowieczeństwo
The condition or quality of being human.

humanoid /ˈhjuːmənɔɪd/ more humanoid most humanoid adj
humanoidalny
Having the appearance or characteristics of a human; being anthropomorphic under some criteria (physical, mental, genetical, ethological, ethical etc.).

humanoid /ˈhjuːmənɔɪd/ humanoids n
humanoid
A being having the appearance or characteristics of a human.

humble /ˈhʌmbl̩/ /ˈʌmbl̩/ humbler humblest more humble most humble adj
pokorny uniżony skromny
Having a low opinion of oneself; not proud, arrogant, or assuming; modest.

humbly /ˈhʌmbli/ more humbly most humbly adv
pokornie skromnie
In a humble manner.

humdrum /ˈhʌmdɹʌm/ more humdrum most humdrum adj
monotonny prozaiczny
Lacking variety or excitement; dull; boring.

humeral adj
ramieniowy ramienny
Of, pertaining to, or near the humerus or shoulder

humid /ˈhjuːmɪd/ humider humidest adj
wilgotny
Containing perceptible moisture (usually describing air or atmosphere); damp; moist; somewhat wet or watery.

humidifier humidifiers n
nawilżacz
A device that is used to increase the humidity of the air.

humidity /hjuˈmɪd.ə.ti/ /hjuːˈmɪd.ə.ti/ /hjuːˈmɪd.ɪ.ti/ /hjʉːˈmɪd.ə.ti/ [hjuˈmɪɾ.ə.ti] [hjuˈmɪɾ.ə.ɾi] [hjuːˈmɪɾ.ə.ti] [hjuːˈmɪɾ.ə.ɾi] humidities n
wilgotność
Dampness, especially that of the air.
The amount of water vapour in the air.

humiliate /hjuːˈmɪliˌeɪt/ v
upokarzać poniżać poniżyć upokorzyć
(transitive) To cause to be ashamed; to injure the dignity and self-respect of.

humiliating /hjuːˈmɪliˌeɪtɪŋ/ more humiliating most humiliating adj
upokarzający
Liable to humiliate, degrade, shame or embarrass someone.

humiliation /hjuːˌmɪliˈeɪʃən/ humiliations n
upokorzenie poniżenie
The act of humiliating or humbling someone; abasement of pride; mortification.
upokorzenie
The state of being humiliated, humbled or reduced to lowliness or submission.

humility /hjuːˈmɪlɪti/ humilities n
pokora
The characteristic of being humble; humbleness in character and behavior.

hummingbird /ˈhʌmɪnˌbɜːd/ /ˈhʌmɪŋˌbɜːd/ /ˈhʌmɪŋˌbɝd/ hummingbirds n
koliber
Any of various small American birds in the family Trochilidae that have the ability to hover.

hummingbird hawkmoth hummingbird hawkmoths n
dłużniec gwiaździk fruczak gołąbek
Any of various sphingid moths of the genus Macroglossum, especially Macroglossum stellatarum, which, like hummingbirds, hover in front of flowers to feed.

hummus /ˈhuːməs/ /ˈhʊməs/ /ˈhʌməs/ hummuses n
hummus humus
A Levantine Arab dip made of chickpea paste with various additions, such as olive oil, fresh garlic, lemon juice, and tahini, often eaten with pitta bread, or as a meze.

humoresque humoresques n
humoreska
(music) A composition that is playful in attitude and tone.

humour /ˈhjuː.mə(ɹ)/ /ˈhjuːmɚ/ /ˈjuːmɚ/ humours n
humor nastrój
(uncountable) A mood, especially a bad mood; a temporary state of mind or disposition brought upon by an event; an abrupt illogical inclination or whim.
humor
(medicine) Either of the two regions of liquid within the eyeball, the aqueous humour and vitreous humour.

hump /hʌmp/ [hɐm̥p] humps n
garb
A deformity in humans caused by abnormal curvature of the upper spine.
(animals) A rounded fleshy mass, such as on a camel or zebu.

humpback /ˈhʌmpbæk/ humpbacks n
garb
A humped back (deformity in humans caused by abnormal curvature of the upper spine).
garbaty garbus garbata garbuska
(derogatory, now, offensive) A person with a humpback; a person who suffers from kyphosis.

humpback whale humpback whales n
długopłetwiec oceaniczny długopłetwiec humbak
A species of baleen whale (Megaptera novaeangliae).

humpbacked adj
garbaty
Having a hump on the back, either naturally or due to a medical condition.

humpless adj
bezgarbny

humus /ˈhjuːməs/ humuses n
próchnica humus
A large group of natural organic compounds, found in the soil, formed from the chemical and biological decomposition of plant and animal residues and from the synthetic activity of microorganisms.

hunchless more hunchless most hunchless adj
bezgarbny

hundred /ˈhʌndɚd/ /ˈhʌndɹəd/ /ˈhʌndɹɪd/ /ˈhʌnd͡ʒɚd/ hundreds n
setka stówa stówka
A hundred-dollar bill, or any other note denominated 100 (e.g. a hundred euros).

hundred /ˈhʌndɚd/ /ˈhʌndɹəd/ /ˈhʌndɹɪd/ /ˈhʌnd͡ʒɚd/ hundreds numeral
sto
A numerical value equal to 100 (102), occurring after ninety-nine.

hundred-thousandth adj
stutysięczny
The ordinal form of the number hundred thousand.

hundredfold adj
stokrotny
Multiplied by a hundred.

hundredfold adv
stokrotnie stokroć
By a factor of one hundred.

hundredth /ˈhʌndɹədθ/ adj
setny
The ordinal form of the number one hundred.

hung like a donkey adj
mający dużego penisa

hung like a horse adj
o ogromnym chuju
(simile, colloquial, vulgar, usually of a man) Having a large penis.

hung over more hung over most hung over adj
skacowany
Suffering from a hangover

hunger /ˈhʌŋɡə/ /ˈhʌŋɡɚ/ hungers n
głód
A need or compelling desire for food.
żądza głód
(by extension) Any strong desire.

hunger /ˈhʌŋɡə/ /ˈhʌŋɡɚ/ v
głodować łaknąć
(intransitive) To be in need of food.
pożądać pragnąć łaknąć
(figuratively, intransitive, usually, _, with 'for' or 'after') To have a desire (for); to long; to yearn.

hunger strike hunger strikes n
strajk głodowy głodówka
A fast undertaken as a means of protest, often by a prisoner.

hungry /ˈhʌŋ.ɡɹi/ hungrier hungriest adj
głodny
Affected by hunger; having the physical need for food.
spragniony głodny
(figuratively) Eager, having an avid desire (‘appetite’) for something.

hunker /ˈhʌŋkə/ /ˈhʌŋkɚ/ v
kucać
(intransitive) To crouch or squat close to the ground or lie down

hunt /hʌnt/ hunts n
polowanie myślistwo łów
The act of hunting.

hunt /hʌnt/ v
polować
(transitive) To drive; to chase; with down, from, away, etc.

hunt down v
upolować
(transitive) To hunt something and capture or kill it.
(transitive, colloquial) To find with difficulty.

hunter /ˈhʌntɚ/ [ˈhʌɾ̃ɚ] hunters huntress n
myśliwy łowca
One who hunts game for sport or for food; a huntsman or huntswoman.

hunter-gatherer hunter-gatherers n
łowca-zbieracz
A member of a group of people who live by hunting animals and gathering edible plants for their main food sources, and who do not keep animals or farm land.

hunting /ˈhʌntɪŋ/ huntings n
polowanie
The act of finding and killing a wild animal, either for sport or with the intention of using its parts to make food, clothes, etc.

hunting ground hunting grounds n
łowisko
An area used for hunting.
(figurative) A place where people can find what they are looking for.

hunting horn hunting horns n
trąbka myśliwska
(music) A bugle, being either simply curved (especially in heraldry), or having from one (in e.g. some Roman horns) to three (in many modern musical horns) spirals, on which signals are blown during a hunt.

hunting knife hunting knives n
nóż myśliwski
A knife optimized for use in hunting animals, usually with a substantial belly and sometimes with a back edge that is partially serrated#Adjective for sawing#Noun; fixed-blade and folding versions are both popular, and tasks such as field dressing, skinning#Noun, and bushcraft are anticipated.

huntress /ˈhʌntɹɪs/ hunter huntresses n
łowczyni
(dated) A female hunter.

hurdle /ˈhɜːdl̩/ /ˈhɝd(ə)l/ hurdles n
płotek płot
(athletics, horses) An artificial barrier, variously constructed, over which athletes or horses jump in a race.
przeszkoda płotek
(figuratively) An obstacle, real or perceived, physical or abstract.

hurdler hurdlers n
płotkarz płotkarka
An athlete who competes in the hurdling event.

hurdling hurdlings n
bieg przez płotki biegi płotkarskie

hurdy-gurdy /ˈhɜː.diˌɡɜː.di/ /ˈhɝː.diˌɡɝː.di/ /ˌhɜː.diˈɡɜː.di/ /ˌhɝː.diˈɡɝː.di/ hurdy-gurdies n
lira korbowa
(musical instrument) A stringed instrument that produces a droning sound by turning a handle that connects to a wheel that rubs against a rosined string, with a keyboard also used to alter the pitch of the string.

hurrah /həˈɹɑː/ interjection
hura
Expressing approval, appreciation, or happiness.

hurricane /ˈhɝɪkeɪn/ /ˈhʌɹɪkeɪn/ /ˈhʌɹɪkən/ hurricanes n
huragan
A severe tropical cyclone in the North Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, or in the eastern North Pacific off the west coast of Mexico, with winds of 119 km/h (74 miles per hour) or greater accompanied by rain, lightning, and thunder that sometimes moves into temperate latitudes.
(meteorology) A wind scale for quite strong wind, stronger than a storm.

hurriedly /ˈhɝɪdli/ /ˈhʌɹɪdli/ more hurriedly most hurriedly adv
naprędce pospiesznie pośpiesznie
In a hurried manner.

hurry /ˈhɝ.i/ /ˈhʌɹ.i/ hurries n
pośpiech
Rushed action.

hurry /ˈhɝ.i/ /ˈhʌɹ.i/ v
śpieszyć się
(intransitive) To do things quickly.
przyśpieszać przyśpieszyć
(intransitive) Often with up, to speed up the rate of doing something.
(transitive) To hasten; to impel to greater speed; to urge on.

hurry up v
spieszyć się
(emphatic, ambitransitive) To hurry; to increase the speed of doing something.

hurt /hɜːt/ /hɝt/ v
sprawiać ból
(transitive, intransitive) To cause (a person or animal) physical pain and/or injury.
boleć ranić
(transitive, intransitive) To cause (somebody) emotional pain.
boleć
(intransitive, stative) To be painful.

husband /ˈhʌz.bənd/ husbands n
mąż małżonek
A man in a marriage or marital relationship, especially in relation to his spouse.

husband and wife husbands and wives n
mąż i żona
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see husband,‎ and,‎ wife. (This entry is a translation hub.)

hush /hʊʃ/ /hʌʃ/ v
zamilknąć
(intransitive) To become quiet.
uciszać uciszyć
(transitive) To make quiet.
uciszać uciszyć zamilknąć
(transitive) To appease; to allay; to soothe.

hush up v
zamilknąć
(intransitive, informal) To become quiet; to cease making sounds.

husk /hʌsk/ husks n
łupina łuska
The dry, leafy or stringy exterior of certain vegetables or fruits, which must be removed before eating the meat inside.

husky /ˈhʌs.ki/ huskies n
husky
Any of several breeds of dogs used as sled dogs.

hussar /ˈhʌsə(ɹ)/ hussars n
husarz huzar
A member of the light cavalry of any of several European armies.

hussy /ˈhʌsi/ /ˈhʌzi/ hussies n
ulicznica
A sexually immoral woman.

hustle /ˈhʌsəl/ hustles n
bieganina
A scam or swindle.

hustle and bustle n
bieganina krzątanina wrzawa zgiełk
A large amount of activity and work, usually in a noisy surrounding.

hustler /ˈhʌsləɹ/ hustlers n
kanciarz
One who rushes or hurries; an energetic person.
alfons
A pimp.
męska dziwka żigolo
A male prostitute who sells his services to men.

hut /hʊt/ /hʌt/ huts n
chata szałas
A small, simple one-storey dwelling or shelter, often with just one room, and generally built of readily available local materials.
chata chałupa
A small wooden shed.

hyacinth /ˈhaɪəsɪnθ/ hyacinths n
hiacynt
Any bulbous plant of the genus Hyacinthus, native to the Mediterranean and South Africa.

hyacinth bean hyacinth beans n
chropawiec pospolity fasolnik egipski wspięga pospolita
A climbing leguminous plant (Lablab purpureus), with white or dark purple flowers, native to Africa, widely cultivated in the tropics.

hybrid /ˈhaɪ.bɹɪd/ more hybrid most hybrid adj
hybrydowy mieszany
Consisting of diverse components.

hybrid /ˈhaɪ.bɹɪd/ hybrids n
mieszaniec hybryda krzyżówka
(biology) Offspring resulting from cross-breeding different entities, e.g. two different species or two purebred parent strains.
hybryda
(linguistics) A word whose elements are derived from different languages.
Something of mixed origin or composition; often, a tool or technology that combines the benefits of formerly separate tools or technologies.

hybrid immunity n
podwyższona odporność

hybrid warfare n
wojna hybrydowa
a military strategy that blends conventional warfare and irregular warfare across the full spectrum of conflict.

hydra /ˈhaɪdɹə/ hydrae hydras hydræ n
stułbia
Any of several small freshwater polyps of the genus Hydra and related genera, having a naked cylindrical body and an oral opening surrounded by tentacles.

hydrangea /haɪˈdɹeɪn.d͡ʒi.ə/ /haɪˈdɹeɪn.d͡ʒə/ hydrangeas n
hortensja
Any of several shrubs, of the genus Hydrangea, having large clusters of white, pink or blue flowers

hydrate /ˈhaɪdɹeɪt/ hydrates n
hydrat wodzian
(chemistry) A solid compound containing or linked to water molecules.

hydrate /ˈhaɪdɹeɪt/ v
nawadniać nawodnić uwadniać uwodnić
(transitive) To take up, consume or become linked to water.

hydration /haɪˈdɹeɪʃən/ hydrations n
hydratacja nawodnienie uwodnienie

hydraulic /haɪˈdɹɒlɪk/ /haɪˈdɹɔːlɪk/ adj
hydrauliczny
Pertaining to water. [from early 17th c.]
Related to, or operated by, hydraulics.

hydraulic engineering n
budownictwo wodne
A sub-discipline of civil engineering concerned with the flow and conveyance of fluids, principally water and sewage.

hydraulics /haɪˈdɹɒlɪks/ /haɪˈdɹɔːlɪks/ n
hydraulika
The engineering science that deals with practical applications where liquid is in motion and transmits energy.

hydrazoic adj
azotowodorowy

hydrazoic acid n
kwas azotowodorowy

hydro- /haɪdɹoʊ-/ prefix
hydro-
water

hydrobiology n
hydrobiologia
(biology) The study of the biology of the organisms that inhabit bodies of water.

hydrocarbon hydrocarbons n
węglowodór
(organic compound) A compound consisting only of carbon and hydrogen atoms.

hydrocephalus hydrocephali hydrocephaluses n
wodogłowie hydrocefalia wodomózgowie
(medicine) A usually congenital condition in which an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the cerebral ventricles causes enlargement of the skull and compression of the brain, destroying much of the neural tissue

hydrochloric adj
chlorowodorowy
(chemistry) Of or relating to hydrochloric acid.

hydrochloric acid hydrochloric acids n
kwas solny kwas chlorowodorowy zajzajer
(inorganic compound) A strong acid made by dissolving the gas hydrogen chloride in water. It reacts with alkalis, bases and many metals to form chlorides; it has many industrial applications.

hydrocyanic acid hydrocyanic acids n
kwas cyjanowodorowy kwas pruski

hydrodynamic adj
hydrodynamiczny
(physics) Of, or relating to the science of hydrodynamics.

hydrodynamics n
hydrodynamika
(physics) The scientific study of fluids in motion.

hydroelectric adj
hydroelektryczny
that generates electricity by converting the energy of moving water, or of steam escaping under high pressure

hydrofluoroolefin hydrofluoroolefins n
[[hydro-]]fluoroalkan

hydrofoil /ˈhaɪ.dɹoʊˌfɔɪl/ /ˈhɑe.dɹəˌfoɪl/ v
wodolot
(nautical, intransitive) To operate or use or ride atop a hydrofoil wing on a hull so equipped.

hydrogen /ˈhaɪdɹədʒ(ə)n/ /ˈhaɪdɹəd͡ʒən/ [ˈhaɪd͡ʒɹəd͡ʒən] hydrogens n
wodór
The lightest chemical element (symbol H), with an atomic number of 1 and atomic weight of 1.00794.
A molecule of this molecular species

hydrogen cyanide n
cyjanowodór

hydrogen fluoride n
fluorowodór
(inorganic compound) a colorless fuming liquid or gas, with molecular formula HF. It dissolves in water to form hydrofluoric acid and has many industrial uses including the production of Teflon and the refining of uranium; it corrodes skin, flesh and bone, and any skin contact must be avoided

hydrogen peroxide n
woda utleniona
(inorganic compound) A colourless liquid, H2O2, soluble in water, used as a mild antiseptic, bleaching agent (especially for bleaching hair), oxidizing agent and chemical reagent.

hydrogen sulfide /ˈhaɪdɹədʒ(ə)n ˈsʌlfaɪd/ /ˈhaɪdɹədʒən ˈsʌlfaɪd/ n
siarkowodór
(inorganic compound) A toxic gas, H2S, smelling like rotten eggs and used in analytical chemistry and industry.

hydrogen vehicle hydrogen vehicles n
samochód na wodór
Any vehicle that uses hydrogen as its principal fuel, normally via the electricity produced by a fuel cell.

hydrogenous /haɪˈdɹɑd͡ʒənəs/ /haɪˈdɹɒdʒənəs/ adj
wodorowy
of, related to, or containing hydrogen

hydrogeology hydrogeologies n
hydrogeologia
The geology of groundwater, especially concerning the physical, biological and chemical properties of its occurrence and movement.

hydrography /haɪˈdɹɑɡ.ɹə.fi/ /haɪˈdɹɒɡ.ɹə.fi/ hydrographies n
hydrografia
(nautical) The scientific measurement and description of the physical features and conditions of navigable waters and the shoreline.

hydrolase /ˈhaɪdɹəleɪz/ hydrolases n
hydrolaza

hydrological adj
hydrologiczny
Of or pertaining to hydrology.

hydrology hydrologies n
hydrologia
The science of the properties, distribution, and effects of water on a planet's surface, in the soil and underlying rocks, and in the atmosphere

hydrolysis /haɪˈdɹɑləsəs/ /haɪˈdɹɒlɪsɪs/ hydrolyses n
hydroliza
(chemistry) A chemical process of decomposition involving the splitting of a bond and the addition of the hydrogen cation and the hydroxide anion of water.

hydrometeorology n
hydrometeorologia
The branch of meteorology that studies the occurrence, movement and changes of state of water in the atmosphere.

hydronym /ˈhaɪdɹənɪm/ /ˈhʌɪdɹənɪm/ hydronyms n
hydronim
(onomastics) The name of a river, lake, sea or any other body of water.

hydrophilic more hydrophilic most hydrophilic adj
hydrofilowy
(physics, chemistry) Having an affinity for water; able to absorb, or be wetted by water; water-loving.

hydrophobe hydrophobes n
hydrofob
(chemistry) A hydrophobic compound or material

hydrophobia /ˌhaɪ.dɹəˈfoʊ.bɪ.ə/ /ˌhʌɪ.dɹə(ʊ)ˈfəʊ.bɪ.ə/ hydrophobias n
wodowstręt
(pathology) An aversion to water, as a symptom of rabies; the disease of rabies itself.
(psychology, colloquial) A morbid fear of water; aquaphobia.

hydrophobic /haɪdɹəˈfəʊbɪk/ more hydrophobic most hydrophobic adj
hydrofobowy
(physics, chemistry) Lacking an affinity for water; unable to absorb or to be wetted by water.

hydrophyte /ˈhaɪdɹəfaɪt/ hydrophytes n
hydrofit
(botany) A plant that lives in or requires an abundance of water, usually excluding seaweed.

hydrophytology n
hydrofitologia
The branch of botany that deals with water plants.

hydropower n
energia wodna
hydroelectric power

hydrosphere hydrospheres n
hydrosfera
All the liquid waters of the Earth, as distinguished from the land and the gases of the atmosphere.

hydrostatic /ˌhaɪdɹəʊˈstætɪk/ adj
hydrostatyczny
(physics) Of or relating to hydrostatics.

hydrostatic equilibrium hydrostatic equilibria n
równowaga hydrostatyczna
(astronomy) The state in which a sufficiently massive or warm solid body has relaxed under its own gravity into the plastic shape that it would have if it were liquid, apart possibly from rigid features in the crust.

hydrotherapy hydrotherapies n
hydroterapia wodolecznictwo
(alternative medicine) Any of various techniques that use water, either externally or internally, for the treatment of disease and for the soothing of pain.

hydrous /ˈhaɪdɹəs/ adj
wodny
(chemistry) Containing combined water; hydrated.

hydroxide /haɪ.ˈdɹɒks.aɪd/ hydroxides n
wodorotlenek
(chemistry) An univalent anion (OH-) based on the hydroxyl functional group.

hydrozoan hydrozoans n
stułbiopław
Any of many colonial coelenterates, of the class Hydrozoa, including the hydras, hydroids, hydrocorals, and siphonophores.

hyena /haɪˈiːnə/ hyena hyenae hyenas n
hiena
Any of the medium-sized to large feliform carnivores of the subfamily Hyaenidae, native to Africa and Asia and noted for the sound similar to laughter which they can make if excited.
(Sub-Saharan Africa) A man that performs ritualized sex acts with recently widowed women and menarchal girls.

hygiene /haɪˈd͡ʒiːn/ /ˈhaɪˌd͡ʒiːn/ hygienes n
higiena
Those conditions and practices that promote and preserve health.

hygienic /haɪˈd͡ʒiːnɪk/ /haɪˈd͡ʒɛnɪk/ /hʌɪd͡ʒɪˈɛnɪk/ more hygienic most hygienic adj
higieniczny
Pertaining to hygiene; clean, sanitary.

hygienically more hygienically most hygienically adv
higienicznie
In a hygienic manner.

hygro- prefix
higro-
moisture
humidity

hygrometer hygrometers n
wilgotnościomierz higrometr
(meteorology) An instrument that measures the humidity of the air or other gases, especially the relative humidity.

hygroscopic more hygroscopic most hygroscopic adj
higroskopijny
(physics, chemistry, botany) Readily taking up and retaining water, especially from the atmosphere.

hygroscopy n
higroskopijność
The ability of a substance to attract and hold water molecules from the surrounding environment.

hylo- prefix
hilo- hylo-

hymen /ˈhaɪmən/ hymens n
błona dziewicza
(anatomy) A membrane which completely or partially occludes the vaginal opening in human females.

hymenium hymenia hymeniums n
obłócznia
(mycology) The sporebearing surface of a fungus.

hymenophore hymenophores n
hymenofor
(mycology) The part of a fungus fruiting body which produces spore-bearing cells.

hymenopteran /ˌhaɪ.məˈnɑp.təɹ.ən/ /ˌhʌɪ.mɛˈnɒp.tə.ɹən/ /ˌhʌɪ.mɪˈnɒp.tə.ɹən/ hymenopterans n
błonkówka
(entomology) Any insect of the order Hymenoptera: the bees, wasps and ants etc.

hymn /hɪm/ hymns n
hymn
A song of praise or worship, especially a religious one.

hymnal /ˈhɪmnəl/ hymnals n
kancjonał kancjonarz
A collection of hymns; a hymn book.

hyoid bone hyoid bones n
gnyk kość gnykowa

hyper- /ˈhaɪpə(ɹ)/ /ˈhaɪpɚ/ prefix
hiper- nad- ponad-
over, above
hiper- nad-
excessive
(math, physics) existing in more than three spatial dimensions
hiper-
(computing) linked non-sequentially

hyperacidity hyperacidities n
nadkwasota nadkwaśność

hyperactive /ˈhaɪp.ə(ɹ)ˌæk.tɪv/ more hyperactive most hyperactive adj
nadpobudliwy
having an increased state of activity
having attention deficit disorder (no longer used by the scientific community)

hyperactivity hyperactivities n
hiperaktywność nadaktywność nadpobudliwość
The quality of being hyperactive; excessive and pathological movement and restlessness

hyperbaton /haɪˈpɜːbətɒn/ hyperbata hyperbatons n
hyperbaton
(grammar) An inversion of the usual or logical order of words or phrases, for emphasis or poetic effect.

hyperbola /haɪˈpɚ.bə.lə/ hyperbolae hyperbolas hyperbolæ n
hiperbola
(geometry) A conic section formed by the intersection of a cone with a plane that intersects the base of the cone and is not tangent to the cone. The function y(x) = 1/x draws a hyperbola.

hyperbole /haɪˈpɜːbəli/ /haɪˈpɝbəli/ hyperboles n
hiperbola
(uncountable, rhetoric, literature) Deliberate or unintentional overstatement, particularly extreme overstatement.

hyperbolic /ˌhaɪ.pɚˈbɔl.ɪk/ adj
hiperboliczny
(topology) Of, pertaining to, or in a hyperbolic space (a space having negative curvature or sectional curvature).

hyperbolic cosine hyperbolic cosines n
cosinus hiperboliczny
(mathematics) a hyperbolic function that is written in symbol cosh and defined as the following: \cosh(x) = \tfrac 1 2 (e^x + e^{-x})

hyperbolic function hyperbolic functions n
funkcja hiperboliczna
(mathematics) A set functions that are analogues of the trigonometric functions for hyperbolic spaces. They can be derived from some arithmetic operations on the exponential function with base e and the inverse function, and was named after the corresponding similar trigonometric function.

hyperbolic sine hyperbolic sines n
sinus hiperboliczny
(mathematics) A hyperbolic function that is the analogue of the sine function for hyperbolic spaces, taking in a hyperbolic angle as an argument and returning the y-coordinate for the corresponding point on the unit hyperbola. It is written in symbol sinh and can be represented as: \sinh(x) = \tfrac 1 2 (e^x - e^{-x})

hypercapnia hypercapnias n
hiperkapnia
(medicine, pathology) The condition of abnormally elevated carbon dioxide in the blood.

hypercorrect more hypercorrect most hypercorrect adj
hiperpoprawny
(linguistics) Nonstandard because of a mistaken idea of standard usage.

hypercorrection /ˌhaɪ.pə.kəˈɹɛk.ʃən/ /ˌhaɪ.pɚ.kəˈɹɛk.ʃən/ hypercorrections n
hiperpoprawność hiperkorekcja hiperkorektyzm hiperyzacja przesada poprawnościowa
(linguistics) Nonstandard language use that results from the over-application of a perceived prescriptive rule.

hypercorrectness n
hiperpoprawność
The state or condition of being hypercorrect.

hypercube /ˈhaɪ.pə.kjuːb/ /ˈhaɪ.pɚ.kjuːb/ hypercubes n
hipersześcian
(geometry) A geometric figure in four or more dimensions, which is analogous to a cube in three dimensions. Specifically, the n-dimensional equivalent of a cube for any non-negative integer n.
(geometry) Such a figure in four dimensions; a tesseract.

hyperelliptic adj
hipereliptyczny
(mathematics) Pertaining to a hyperellipse.

hyperfixation hyperfixations n
obsesja

hypergamy /haɪˈpɚɡəmi/ hypergamies n
hipergamia
Act or practice of seeking a spouse of higher socioeconomic status or caste status than oneself.

hypergeometric distribution hypergeometric distributions n
rozkład hipergeometryczny
(probability theory, statistics) A discrete probability distribution that describes the probability of k "successes" in a sequence of n draws without replacement from a finite population.

hypergiant hypergiants n
hiperolbrzym
(star) A star that is extremely massive and even more luminous than a supergiant.

hyperglycemia hyperglycemias n
hiperglikemia
(pathology) An unusually high concentration of sugar in the blood

hyperinflation hyperinflations n
hiperinflacja
(economics) A very high rate of inflation.

hyperlink /ˈhaɪpə(ɹ)ˌlɪŋk/ hyperlinks n
hiperłącze link odnośnik łącze

hyperlink /ˈhaɪpə(ɹ)ˌlɪŋk/ v
linkować
(of a hypertext document) To point to another document by a hyperlink.

hypermarket hypermarkets n
hipermarket
A combination of department store and supermarket.

hypernova hypernovae hypernovas n
hipernowa
(astronomy) The gravitational collapse of a massive star to form a black hole.

hypernym /ˈhaɪpənɪm/ /ˈhaɪpɚnɪm/ hypernyms n
hiperonim
(semantics) A superordinate word or phrase; a term whose referents form a set which includes as a subset the referents of a subordinate term—as, for example, insect being (a hypernym) for ant.

hypernymic adj
hiperonimiczny

hypernymy hypernymies n
hiperonimia

hyperon /ˈhaɪpəɹɒn/ hyperons n
hiperon
(physics) Any baryon (a three-quark particle) with a non-zero strangeness (i.e., whose composition includes one or more strange or anti-strange quarks).

hyperparasite /-ˈpɛ-/ /ˌhaɪpəˈpæɹəsaɪt/ /ˌhaɪpɚˈpæɹəsaɪt/ hyperparasites n
hiperparazyt hiperpasożyt
(biology) Any parasite whose host is a parasite.

hyperplasia /ˌhaɪ.pɚ.ˈpleɪ.ʒə/ hyperplasias n
rozrost
(medicine) An increase in the size of a tissue or organ due to increased number of cells.

hyperreal more hyperreal most hyperreal adj
hiperrealistyczny

hyperreal hyperreals n
liczba hiperrealistyczna

hypersensitive more hypersensitive most hypersensitive adj
nadwrażliwy wysoko wrażliwy
Excessively sensitive; easily offended.

hypersonic more hypersonic most hypersonic adj
hiperdźwiękowy
(of a speed, aviation) Equal to, or greater than, or capable of achieving, five times the speed of sound.

hypertension /ˌhaɪ.pə(ɹ)ˈtɛn.ʃən/ /ˌhaɪ.pɚˈtɛn.ʃən/ hypertensions n
nadciśnienie
(medicine, cardiology) The disease or disorder of abnormally high blood pressure.

hypertext /ˈhaɪpəɹˌtɛkst/ hypertexts n
hipertekst
(uncountable) Digital text in which the reader may navigate related information through embedded hyperlinks.
(countable) A hypertext document.

hyperthermia /ˌhaɪpə(ɹ)ˈθɜː(ɹ)miə/ hyperthermias n
hipertermia przegrzanie
(medicine) The therapeutic application of heat to a patient, especially as treatment to cancer.

hyperthermophile hyperthermophiles n
hipertermofil

hyperthyroidism /ˌhaɪ̯pəˈθaɪ̯ɹɔɪ̯ˌdɪzəm/ hyperthyroidisms n
nadczynność tarczycy
(medicine) The excessive production of hormones by the thyroid.
(pathology) The pathological condition resulting from these excess hormones.

hypertrophy /haɪˈpɜːtɹəfi/ /haɪˈpɝːtɹəfi/ hypertrophies n
hipertrofia przerost
(countable, medicine) An increase in the size of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its individual cells.

hyperventilation /haɪ.pə(ɹ)ˌvɛntəˈleɪ.ʃən/ /ˌhaɪpɚˌvɛntəˈleɪʃən/ hyperventilations n
hiperwentylacja
(medicine, pulmonology) The state of breathing faster or deeper than necessary.

hypervolemia n
hiperwolemia
(medicine) An abnormal increase in the volume of blood circulating through the body

hypha /ˈhaɪfə/ hyphae n
strzępka
(mycology) Any of the long, threadlike filaments that form the mycelium of a fungus.

hyphen /ˈhaɪ.fən/ hyphens n
dywiz łącznik
The symbol "‐", typically used to join two or more words to form a compound term, or to indicate that a word has been split at the end of a line.

hyphenation /ˌhaɪfəˈneɪʃən/ hyphenations n
dzielenia wyrazów
The inclusion of hyphens; especially, the correct locations of hyphens.

hypnagogic /hɪpnəˈɡɒdʒɪk/ more hypnagogic most hypnagogic adj
hipnagogiczny
That accompanies falling asleep; especially, pertaining to the semi-conscious period immediately preceding sleep.

hypno- /hɪpnoʊ-/ prefix
hipno-
Sleep.
Hypnosis.

hypnosis /hɪpˈnoʊsɪs/ hypnoses n
hipnoza
A trancelike state, artificially induced, in which a person has a heightened suggestibility, and in which suppressed memories may be experienced.

hypnotherapy hypnotherapies n
hipnoterapia
Treatment of disease by means of hypnotism.

hypnotic /hɪpˈnɑ.tɪk/ /hɪpˈnɒ.tɪk/ [hɪp̚ˈnɑ.ɾɪk̚] more hypnotic most hypnotic adj
hipnotyczny
Of, or relating to hypnosis or hypnotism.
nasenny
(pharmaceutical effect) Inducing sleep; soporific.

hypnotic /hɪpˈnɑ.tɪk/ /hɪpˈnɒ.tɪk/ [hɪp̚ˈnɑ.ɾɪk̚] hypnotics n
lek nasenny środek nasenny
(pharmaceutical drug) A soporific substance.

hypnotism /ˈhɪpnətɪzəm/ hypnotisms n
hipnoza
The art of inducing hypnosis.

hypnotist /ˈhɪpnətɪst/ hypnotists n
hipnotyzer
A person who uses hypnotism to induce hypnosis in someone, either for entertainment or therapy.

hypnotize /ˈhɪpnətaɪ̯z/ v
hipnotyzować
(transitive) To induce a state of hypnosis in.

hypocapnia n
hipokapnia
(medicine) A state of diminished carbon dioxide in the blood.

hypochlorite hypochlorites n
podchloryn
(chemistry) any salt of hypochlorous acid; used as a household bleach

hypochondria n
hipochondria
(medicine) A psychological disorder characterized by excessive preoccupation or worry about having a serious illness.

hypochondriac /ˌhaɪpoʊˈkɑndɹiæk/ /ˌhaɪpəʊˈkɒndɹiæk/ /ˌhaɪpəˈkɑndɹiæk/ /ˌhaɪpəˈkɒndɹiæk/ /ˌhɪpoʊˈkɒndɹiæk/ /ˌhɪpəˈkɒndɹiæk/ more hypochondriac most hypochondriac adj
hipochondryczny
Related to, or affected by hypochondria
podżebrowy
Related to, or located in the hypochondrium.

hypochondriac /ˌhaɪpoʊˈkɑndɹiæk/ /ˌhaɪpəʊˈkɒndɹiæk/ /ˌhaɪpəˈkɑndɹiæk/ /ˌhaɪpəˈkɒndɹiæk/ /ˌhɪpoʊˈkɒndɹiæk/ /ˌhɪpəˈkɒndɹiæk/ hypochondriacs n
hipochondryk hipochondryczka
A person affected with hypochondria.

hypochondriacal more hypochondriacal most hypochondriacal adj
hipochondryczny
Suffering from hypochondria.

hypochondrium hypochondria n
podżebrze
(anatomy) The upper region of the abdomen, underneath the lower ribs, each side of the epigastrium.

hypocorism /haɪˈpɑkəˌɹɪzəm/ /haɪˈpɒkəˌɹɪz(ə)m/ /hɪ-/ hypocorisms n
hipokorystyk
(uncountable) The formation of terms of endearment or pet names.

hypocrisy /hɪˈpɑkɹəsi/ /hɪˈpɒkɹəsi/ hypocrisies n
hipokryzja
The practice of engaging in the same behaviour or activity for which one criticises another; moral self-contradiction whereby the behavior of one or more people belies their own claimed or implied possession of certain beliefs, standards or virtues.

hypocrite /ˈhɪ.pə.kɹɪt/ hypocrites n
hipokryta hipokrytka
Someone who practices hypocrisy, who pretends to hold beliefs, or whose actions are not consistent with their claimed beliefs. [from early 13th c.]

hypocritical /hɪpəˈkɹɪtɪkəl/ more hypocritical most hypocritical adj
obłudny
Characterized by hypocrisy or being a hypocrite. [from mid-16th c.]

hypocycloid hypocycloids n
hipocykloida
(geometry) The locus of a point on the circumference of a circle that rolls without slipping inside the circumference of another circle.

hypodermic /ˌhaɪpəˈdɜːmɪk/ /ˌhaɪpəˈdɝmɪk/ adj
podskórny
Of, or relating to the hypodermis, the layer beneath the dermis

hypodermic needle hypodermic needles n
igła podskórna
A hollow needle with a sharp point intended to puncture the skin to draw a fluid from under the skin or inject a fluid under the skin, used as part of a hypodermic syringe.

hypodermic syringe hypodermic syringes n
strzykawka

hypodermis hypodermes hypodermises n
tkanka podskórna
(anatomy) A subcutaneous layer of loose connective tissue containing fat cells, lying beneath the dermis.

hypodontia n
hipodoncja
The congenital absence of the normal number of teeth.

hypogamy n
hipogamia
The seeking of a spouse of lower socioeconomic status or caste than oneself.

hypogastrium hypogastria n
podbrzusze
An area of the human abdomen residing below the umbilicus.

hypoglossal /ˌhaɪ.pəˈɡlɑs.əl/ /ˌhʌɪ.pə(ʊ)ˈɡlɒs.l̩/ /ˌhʌɪ.pə(ʊ)ˈɡlɒs.əl/ adj
podjęzykowy
(anatomy, relational) Of or pertaining to the area under the tongue.

hypoglossal nerve hypoglossal nerves n
nerw podjęzykowy
(neuroanatomy) Either of the 12th and final pair of cranial nerves which are motor nerves arising from the medulla oblongata and supplying muscles of the tongue in higher vertebrates.

hypoglycemia hypoglycemias n
hipoglikemia
(pathology) A too low level of blood glucose.

hypokalemia hypokalemias n
hipokaliemia

hyponym /ˈhaɪ.poʊ.nɪm/ /ˈhaɪpə.nɪm/ /ˈhaɪpəʊ.nɪm/ hyponyms n
hiponim
(semantics) A more specific term; a subordinate grouping word or phrase; a term designating a subclass of another more general class described by the given word.

hyponymous adj
hiponimiczny

hyponymy hyponymies n
hiponimia

hypoplasia hypoplasias n
hipoplazja niedorozwój
underdevelopment or incomplete development of a tissue or organ, especially when caused by an inadequate or below-normal number of cells

hyposmia hyposmias n
hiposmia
(pathology) A reduced ability to smell and to detect odours

hypospadias /ˌhaɪ.pəˈspeɪ.di.əs/ /ˌhʌɪ.pəʊˈspeɪ.di.əs/ hypospadiases n
spodziectwo
(anatomy) A congenital condition in males in which the opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis.

hypostasis /haɪˈpɑstəsɪs/ /haɪˈpɒstəsɪs/ hypostaseis hypostases n
hipostaza
(theology) The essential person, specifically the single person of Christ (as distinguished from his two ‘natures’, human and divine), or of the three ‘persons’ of the Trinity (sharing a single ‘essence’). [from 16th c.]
(psychology) Referring to the hypostatic model of personality; i.e., asserting that humans present themselves in many different aspects or hypostases, depending on the internal and external realities they relate to, including different approaches to the study of personality.

hypostyle hypostyles n
hipostyl hypostyl
(architecture) A building or chamber whose roof is supported on a row of columns.

hypotension hypotensions n
hipotonia
(medicine, cardiology) The disease or disorder of abnormally low blood pressure.

hypotenuse /haɪˈpɑtənjus/ /haɪˈpɑtənus/ /haɪˈpɒtənjuːz/ [haɪˈpɑʔənuːs] [haɪˈpɒʔn̩juːz] hypotenuses n
przeciwprostokątna
(geometry) The side of a right triangle opposite the right angle.

hypothalamus hypothalami hypothalamuses n
podwzgórze
(neuroanatomy) A region of the forebrain located below the thalamus, forming the basal portion of the diencephalon, and functioning to regulate body temperature, some metabolic processes and governing the autonomic nervous system.

hypothermia /ˌhaɪpəʊˈθɜː(ɹ)mi.ə/ /ˌhaɪpəˈθɜː(ɹ)mi.ə/ hypothermias n
hipotermia wychłodzenie
(pathology) Abnormally low body temperature; specifically, below 35 degrees Celsius for humans.

hypothesis /-əsəs/ /-əsɪs/ /haɪˈpɑː.θə.sɪs/ /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/ /həˈpɒθɪsɪs/ /hɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/ hypotheses n
hipoteza przypuszczenie
(sciences) Used loosely, a tentative conjecture explaining an observation, phenomenon or scientific problem that can be tested by further observation, investigation and/or experimentation. As a scientific term of art, see the attached quotation. Compare to theory, and quotation given there.
przypuszczenie hipoteza
(general) An assumption taken to be true for the purpose of argument or investigation.

hypothetic more hypothetic most hypothetic adj
hipotetyczny
based on hypothesis or theory; hypothetical
existing as an abstract concept rather than a concrete reality

hypothetical /ˌhaɪpəˈθɛtɪkl/ more hypothetical most hypothetical adj
hipotetyczny
Based upon a hypothesis; conjectural

hypothetically more hypothetically most hypothetically adv
hipotetycznie
In a hypothetical way; as a hypothesis.

hypothyroidism /ˌhaɪpəʊˈθaɪrɔɪˌdɪzəm/ /ˌhaɪpəˈθaɪɹɔɪˌdɪzəm/ hypothyroidisms n
niedoczynność tarczycy
(pathology) The disease state caused by insufficient production of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland. [from 1900s]

hypotrochoid /ˌhaɪ.poʊˈtɹoʊ.kɔɪd/ /ˌhaɪ.pə(ʊ)ˈtɹəʊ.kɔɪd/ /ˌhaɪ.pəˈtɹoʊ.kɔɪd/ hypotrochoids n
hipotrochoida
(geometry) A geometric curve traced by a fixed point on the radius line outside one circle which rotates inside the perimeter of another circle.

hypso- prefix
hipso-

hyrax /ˈhaɪ.ɹæks/ hyraces hyraxes n
góralek
Any of several small, paenungulate herbivorous mammals of the order Hyracoidea, with a bulky frame and fang-like incisors, native to Africa and the Middle East.

hysterectomy /hɪstəˈɹɛktəmi/ hysterectomies n
histerektomia
(surgery) The surgical procedure to remove all of or part of the uterus.

hysteresis hystereses n
histereza
A property of a system such that an output value is not a strict function of the corresponding input, but also incorporates some lag, delay, or history dependence, and in particular when the response for a decrease in the input variable is different from the response for an increase. For example, a thermostat with a nominal setpoint of 75° might switch the controlled heat source on when the temperature drops below 74°, and off when it rises above 76°.

hysteria /hɪˈstɛɹiə/ /hɪˈstɪɹiə/ hysteriae hysterias hysteriæ n
histeria
Behavior exhibiting excessive or uncontrollable emotions, in a wide range from joy to panic but usually including anxiety or fear.

hysterical /hɪˈstɛɹɪkəl/ more hysterical most hysterical adj
histeryczny
Of, or arising from hysteria.

háček /ˈhæt͡ʃɛk/ /ˈhɑːt͡ʃɛk/ [ˈhat͡ʃɛk] [ˈhaːt͡ʃek] [ˈhaːt͡ʃɛk] [ˈhæt͡ʃɛk] [ˈhɐːt͡ʃek] [ˈhɑt͡ʃɛk] [ˈhɑət͡ʃɛk] [ˈhɑːt͡ʃɛk] [ˈɦɑːt͡ʃɛk] háčeks háčky n
haczyk
(orthography, and, typography) A caron; a diacritical mark (ˇ) usually resembling an inverted circumflex, but in the cases of ď, Ľ, ľ, and ť resembling a prime (′) instead.

i.e. /ɪd ɛst/ /ˌaɪˈiː/ adv
tj. czyli tzn.
(initialism) That is, namely, in other words, that is to say.

iBook iBooks n
iBook
(laptops) A computer of a line of lower-end laptop computers formerly manufactured by Apple Computer.

iPhone /ˈaɪˌfoʊ̯n/ iPhones n
iPhone
(trademark) A smartphone of a series produced by Apple, which typically combine a camera phone, PDA, multimedia player, and wireless communication device.

iPod iPods n
iPod
(by extension) Any portable personal MP3 player or similar device.

iamb /ˈaɪəm/ /ˈaɪˌæm/ iambs n
jamb
(prosody) A metrical foot in verse consisting of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable.

iambic pentameter /aɪˈæmbɪk pɛnˈtæmɪtə(ɹ)/ iambic pentameters n
pentametr jambiczny
A poetic meter consisting of lines with five iambic feet each, meaning the even syllables are dominant.

iatrogenesis /aɪˌætɹoʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/ iatrogeneses n
jatrogenia
(medicine) Any adverse effect (or complication) resulting from medical treatment.

ibex /ˈaɪbɛks/ ibex ibexes ibices n
koziorożec
A type of wild mountain goat of the genus Capra, such as the species Capra ibex.

ibid. /ˈɪbɪd/ adv
jw.
(bibliography, abbreviation) ibidem, in the same place. Indicates a reference to the same source as the previous one.

ibis /ˈaɪ.bɪs/ ibes ibides ibis ibises n
ibis
Any of various long-legged wading birds in the family Threskiornithidae, having long downcurved bills used to probe the mud for prey such as crustaceans.

ibuprofen /aɪˈbju.pɹəf.ən/ /ˌaɪ.biˈpɹoʊfən/ /ˌaɪ.bjuˈpɹoʊ.fən/ /ˌʌɪ.bjuːˈpɹəʊ.fən/ ibuprofens n
ibuprofen
(pharmaceutical drug) A synthetic compound used widely as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug.

ice /aɪs/ [ʌɪs] ices n
lód
Water in frozen (solid) form.
(physics, astronomy) Any frozen volatile chemical, such as ammonia or carbon dioxide.
(ice hockey) The area where a game of ice hockey is played.
lody lód
A frozen dessert made of fruit juice, water and sugar.

ice age ice ages n
epoka lodowcowa
(colloquial) Any of several glacial periods (within a scientific ice age) marked by episodes of extensive glaciation alternating with episodes of relative warmth (interglacial).

ice axe ice axes n
czekan
An axe used by mountaineers to cut footholds in the ice.

ice cap ice caps n
czapa lodowa
A permanent expanse of ice encompassing a large geographical area, as for example in Earth's polar zones (polar ice) or at high elevation. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

ice climbing n
wspinaczka lodowa
(climbing) the branch of mountaineering that specializes in climbing on frozen surfaces.

ice core ice cores n
rdzeń lodowy
A core sample removed from an ice sheet, most commonly from the polar ice caps of Antarctica, Greenland or from high mountain glaciers elsewhere, the properties of which can be used to reconstruct a climatic record of a given area.

ice cream /aɪsˈkɹiːm/ /ˈaɪs.kɹiːm/ /ˌaɪsˈkɹiːm/ ice creams n
lody
(uncountable) A dessert made from frozen sweetened cream or a similar substance, usually flavoured.
lód lód na patyku lód w rożku
(countable) A portion of ice cream on a stick, in a cup or in a wafer cone.

ice cream cone ice cream cones n
rożek
A thin, conical confection baked from crepe batter, sealed at its apex, used to hold ice cream while it is being eaten.
An ice cream cone filled with ice cream.

ice cream maker ice cream makers n
maszynka do lodów
A machine used to make homemade ice cream.

ice cream parlor ice cream parlors n
lodziarnia
A retail business that sells ice cream and related products.

ice cream vendor ice cream vendors n
lodziarz
(This entry is a translation hub.)

ice cube ice cubes n
kostka lodu
Any small piece of ice used for cooling drinks, larger than crushed ice, regardless of their shape.

ice dancing n
pary taneczne

ice hockey n
hokej na lodzie
A form of hockey played on an ice rink with a puck, rather than a ball.

ice hole ice holes n
przerębel
A hole in the ice of a frozen body of water, often man-made with the scope of fishing. (This entry is a translation hub.)

ice resurfacer ice resurfacers n
maszyna do odświeżania lodu
A machine for smoothing the surface of an ice rink.

ice rink ice rinks n
lodowisko
A specially frozen surface of water on which people skate or play ice hockey; the building that houses such a surface.

ice sheet ice sheets n
lądolód
A broad glacial mass with a relatively flat surface.

ice skate ice skates n
łyżwa
A light boot, fitted with a blade, used for ice skating.

ice skating n
łyżwiarstwo
The act, or the sport, of skating on ice.

ice swimming n
morsowanie
The practice of swimming in a gap or hole in the ice of an iced-over body of water.

ice-cold /ˈaɪskəʊld/ more ice-cold most ice-cold adj
lodowaty lodowata
As cold as ice; very cold.

iceberg /ˈaɪsbɜːɡ/ /ˈaɪsbɝɡ/ icebergs n
góra lodowa
A huge mass of ocean-floating ice which has broken off a glacier or ice shelf [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

iceberg lettuce iceberg lettuces n
sałata lodowa
A lettuce cultivar (Lactuca sativa var. capitata) noted for its crunchiness; the most familiar of all lettuces sold in the United States.

icebox /ˈʌɪsbɒks/ iceboxes n
lodówka
A box or compartment containing ice, typically used to keep provisions cool. [from 19th c.]

icebreaker /ˈaɪsˌbɹeɪkəɹ/ icebreakers n
lodołamacz
A ship designed to break through ice so that it, or other ships coming behind, can navigate on frozen seas.

iced coffee iced coffees n
kawa mrożona
Various types of cold beverages made from coffee.

iced tea iced teas n
herbata mrożona
(uncountable) Cold tea, a beverage.

iceless /ˈaɪsləs/ adj
bezlodowy
Without ice.

icepick icepicks n
szpikulec
A pointed tool, shaped like an awl, used for breaking ice.

ichor /-kə/ /ˈaɪkɔɹ/ /ˈaɪkɔː/ /ˈɪkə/ /ˈɪkəɹ/ ichors n
ichor
(Greek mythology) The liquid said to flow in place of blood in the veins of the gods. [from late 17th c.]
posoka
(pathology, obsolete) A fetid, watery discharge from a sore; pus.

ichthyocentaur ichthyocentaurs n
ichtiocentaur

ichthyol ichthyols n
ichtiol
(medicine) The ammonium salt of sulfonated bitumen; used to treat some forms of skin diseases

ichthyologist ichthyologists n
ichtiolog
An expert in ichthyology: one who studies fishes. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

ichthyology /ˌɪkθiˈɒləd͡ʒi/ n
ichtiologia
The branch of zoology devoted to the study of fish.

ichthyosaur /ˈɪkθiəsɔːɹ/ ichthyosaurs n
ichtiozaur
Any of several fishlike marine reptiles of the extinct order †Ichthyosauria of the early Triassic to the late Cretaceous period, that had a body somewhat like a porpoise. [from c. 1830]

icicle /ˈaɪ.sɪ.kl̩/ /ˈaɪs.ɪkl̩/ /ˈʌɪsəkəl/ icicles n
sopel
A drooping, tapering shape of ice.

icily /ˈaɪ.sɪ.li/ more icily most icily adv
lodowato
In the manner of ice; with a cold or chilling effect.
(figuratively) In an uncaring or coolly angry manner.

icing /ˈaɪsɪŋ/ icings n
lukier
(cooking) A sweet, often creamy and thick glaze made primarily of sugar, often enriched with ingredients like butter, egg whites, or flavorings, typically used for baked goods.
obladzanie
The process of forming a layer of ice on a surface.

icing on the cake n
wisienka na torcie
(idiomatic) Something that intensifies the appreciation of something already good (or bad in an ironic sense depending on the context).

icky /ˈɪki/ ickier ickiest adj
be
(informal) Unpleasantly sticky; yucky; disgusting.

icon /ˈaɪ.kɑn/ /ˈaɪ.kɒn/ /ˈaɪ.kən/ icons n
symbol
ikona
An image, symbol, picture, portrait, or other representation usually as an object of religious devotion.
(religion, especially, Eastern Christianity) A type of religious painting portraying a saint or scene from Scripture, often done on wooden panels.
(internet, informal) An image used to represent a user; an avatar or profile picture.
ikona ikonka
(graphical user interface) A small picture that represents something.

iconoclasm iconoclasms n
ikonoklazm obrazoburstwo
The belief in, participation in, or sanction of destroying religious icons and other symbols or monuments, usually with religious or political motives.

iconoclast /aɪˈkɑn.əˌklæst/ /aɪˈkɒn.əˌklæst/ iconoclasts n
ikonoklasta obrazoburca
(historical, Christianity) One who destroys religious images or icons, especially an opponent of the Orthodox Church in the 8th and 9th centuries, or a Puritan during the European Reformation.

iconoclastic more iconoclastic most iconoclastic adj
bogoburczy
Characterized by attack on established and accepted beliefs, customs, or institutions; of or pertaining to iconoclasm.

iconoclasticism n
bogoburstwo

iconography iconographies n
ikonografia
A set of specified or traditional symbolic forms associated with the subject or theme of a stylized genre of art.

iconology /aɪkəˈnɒlədʒi/ iconologies n
ikonologia
The study of icons in art or art history.

iconostasis /ˌaɪkəˈnɒstəsɪs/ iconostaseis iconostases n
ikonostas
(Eastern Orthodoxy) A wall of icons between the sanctuary and the nave in an Eastern Orthodox church.

icosagon icosagons n
dwudziestokąt
(mathematics) A polygon with twenty sides and twenty angles.

icosagonal adj
dwudziestokątny

icosahedron /ˌaɪkoʊsəˈhiːdɹən/ /ˌaɪkɒsəˈhiːdɹən/ /ˌaɪkɔsəˈhiːdɹən/ icosahedra icosahedrons n
dwudziestościan foremny
(geometry) A polyhedron with twenty faces.

icosidigon icosidigons n
22[[kąt|-okąt]]
(geometry) A polygon with twenty two sides and twenty two angles.

icosidodecahedron icosidodecahedra icosidodecahedrons n
32[[ściana|-ościan]]
An Archimedean solid with thirty-two regular faces (twelve pentagons and twenty triangles).

icosihenagon icosihenagons n
21[[kąt|-okąt]]
(geometry) A polygon with twenty-one edges and twenty-one angles.

icositetragon icositetragons n
24[[kąt|-kąt]]
(geometry) A polygon with 24 sides and 24 angles.

icositetrahedron icositetrahedra icositetrahedrons n
dwudziestoczterościan

icositrigon icositrigons n
23[[kąt|-okąt]]
(geometry) A polygon with 23 sides and 23 angles.

icterine warbler icterine warblers n
zaganiacz zaganiacz zwyczajny
Hippolais icterina, an Old World warbler.

icy /ˈaɪsi/ icier iciest adj
lodowaty lodowy
Pertaining to, resembling, or abounding in ice; cold; frosty.

id /ɪd/ ids n
id
(psychoanalysis) The unconscious impulsive component of the personality in the Freudian psychoanalytic model.

ide /aɪd/ ides n
jaź
A freshwater fish of the family Cyprinidae, found across northern Europe and Asia, especially Leuciscus idus. [from 19th c.]

idea /aɪˈdi.ə/ /aɪˈdiː/ /aɪˈdɪə/ /aɪˈdɪɹ/ /aːˈdɪɹ/ /ɑeˈdiə̯/ /ˈaɪdi/ ideas ideæ n
idea
(philosophy) An abstract archetype of a given thing, compared to which real-life examples are seen as imperfect approximations; pure essence, as opposed to actual examples. [from 14th c.]
More generally, any result of mental activity; a thought, a notion; a way of thinking. [from 17th c.]
idea pomysł
An image of an object that is formed in the mind or recalled by the memory. [from 16th c.]
A conception in the mind of something to be done; a plan for doing something, an intention. [from 17th c.]

ideal /aɪˈdiː.əl/ /aɪˈdiːl/ /aɪˈdɪəl/ more ideal most ideal adj
idealny ideał
Optimal; being the best possibility.
idealny
Perfect, flawless, having no defects.
konceptualny pojęciowy
Existing only in the mind; conceptual, imaginary.

ideal /aɪˈdiː.əl/ /aɪˈdiːl/ /aɪˈdɪəl/ ideals n
ideał idealny
A perfect standard of beauty, intellect etc., or a standard of excellence to aim at.
ideał
(algebra, ring theory) A subring closed under multiplication by its containing ring.

ideal gas ideal gases n
gaz doskonały
(physics) a hypothetical gas, whose molecules exhibit no interaction, and undergo elastic collision with each other and with the walls of the container

idealism idealisms n
idealizm
The property of a person of having high ideals that are usually unrealizable or at odds with practical life.
The practice or habit of giving or attributing ideal form or character to things; treatment of things in art or literature according to ideal standards or patterns;—opposed to realism.
(philosophy) An approach to philosophical enquiry, which asserts that direct and immediate knowledge can only be had of ideas or mental pictures.

idealist idealists n
idealista idealistka
(philosophy) One who adheres to idealism.
Someone whose conduct stems from idealism rather than from practicality.
An unrealistic or impractical visionary.

idealistic more idealistic most idealistic adj
idealistyczny
Of or pertaining to an idealist or to idealism.

idealistically more idealistically most idealistically adv
idealistycznie
In an idealistic manner.

idealization idealizations n
idealizacja
The act or process of idealizing.
The representation of natural objects, scenes, etc., in such a way as to show their most important characteristics; the study of the ideal.

idealize /aɪˈdiːəlaɪz/ /ˈaɪdɪəˌlaɪz/ v
idealizować wyidealizować
(transitive) To regard something as ideal.

idealless /aɪˈdiːəl.ləs/ adj
bezideowy

ideallessness n
bezideowość

ideally /ʌɪˈdɪəli/ more ideally most ideally adv
doskonale idealnie
Given ideal circumstances; preferably. [from 19th c.]

idempotent /aɪ.dəmˈpoʊ.tənt/ /aɪˈdɛm.pə.tənt/ /ɪ.dəmˈpoʊ.tənt/ adj
idempotentny
(mathematics, computing) (said of a function) Such that, when performed multiple times on the same subject, it has no further effect on its subject after the first time it is performed.

identical /aɪˈdɛntɪkl̩/ /ɪˈdɛntɪkl̩/ more identical most identical adj
identyczny jednaki jednakowy
(not comparable) Bearing full likeness by having precisely the same set of characteristics; indistinguishable.
przystający
(not comparable, mathematics) Exactly equivalent.

identically /aɪˈdɛntɪkəli/ more identically most identically adv
bliźniaczo identycznie jednako jednakowo
In an identical manner.

identification /aɪˌdɛntɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ /ɪˌdɛntɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ identifications n
identyfikacja
(broadly, often) The combination of identifying (which one, which thing) and validating the identity (proving or confirming it); identifying and authenticating viewed as a unitary concept in cognition.
A feeling of support, sympathy, understanding, or belonging towards somebody or something.
dowód osobisty
A document or documents serving as evidence of a person's identity.

identifier identifiers n
identyfikator
(programming, operating systems) A formal name used in source code to refer to a variable, function, procedure, package, etc. or in an operating system to refer to a process, user, group, etc.

identify /aɪˈdɛn.tɪ.faɪ/ /ɪˈdɛn.tɪ.faɪ/ v
identyfikować
(transitive) To establish the identity of someone or something.

identikit /aɪˈdɛntəkɪt/ /aɪˈdɛntɪkɪt/ identikits n
portret pamięciowy
A picture of a person, reconstructed from strips showing facial features selected to match witnesses' descriptions; used by the police to build a likeness of a person sought for a crime.

identity /aɪˈdɛn(t)əti/ /aɪˈdɛn(t)ɪti/ /aɪˈdɛntɪti/ /ɑɪˈdentəti/ [aɪˈdɛnəɾi] [aɪˈdɛnɪɾi] identities n
tożsamość
The difference or character that marks off an individual or collective from the rest of the same kind; selfhood; the sense of who something or someone or oneself is, or the recurring characteristics that enable the recognition of such an individual or group by others or themselves.

identity card identity cards n
dowód osobisty
A card or badge showing the official identity of the bearer.

identity crisis identity crises n
kryzys tożsamości
(psychology) A crisis of personal identity.

identity document identity documents n
dowód osobisty
A document which may be used to prove a person's identity.

identity matrix identity matrices identity matrixes n
macierz jednostkowa
(linear algebra) A diagonal matrix all of the diagonal elements of which are equal to 1.

identity politics n
polityka tożsamości
(politics) Politics focusing on the self-interest and perspectives of people in various groupings, such as ethnicity, race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, and gender identity.

ideogram /ˈaɪ.di.ə.ɡɹæm/ /ˈɪd.i.oʊ.ɡɹæm/ /ˈɪd.i.ə.ɡɹæm/ ideograms n
ideogram
A picture or symbol which represents the idea of something without indicating the sequence of sounds used to pronounce it. Examples include digits, traffic signs, and graphic symbols such as @.

ideography ideographies n
ideografia
The use of ideograms; logography.

ideological /ˌaɪ.di.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/ /ˌaɪ.diː.əˈlɒd͡ʒ.ɪ.kəl/ /ˌɑɪ.diː.əˈlɔd͡ʒ.ɪ.kəl/ /ˌɪd.i.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/ more ideological most ideological adj
ideologiczny
Of or pertaining to an ideology.

ideologically more ideologically most ideologically adv
ideologicznie
In an ideological manner; with respect to ideology.

ideologize v
ideologizować

ideologue /ˈaɪ.di.ə.lɑɡ/ /ˈaɪ.di.ə.lɒɡ/ /ˈɑɪ.di.ə.lɔɡ/ /ˈɪ.di.ə.lɑɡ/ ideologues n
ideolog
A person who advocates an ideology, especially as an official or preeminent advocate.

ideology /aɪ.diˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ɪ.diˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌaɪ.diːˈɒl.ə.d͡ʒiː/ /ˌɑɪ.diːˈɔl.ə.d͡ʒiː/ ideologies n
ideologia
Doctrine, philosophy, body of beliefs or principles belonging to an individual or group.
(uncountable) The study of the origin and nature of ideas.

ideophone /ˈɪ.di.(j)ə(ʊ).ˌfəʊn/ ideophones n
ideofon
A word that utilizes sound symbolism to express aspects of events that can be experienced by the senses, like smell, color, shape, sound, action, or movement.

ides /aɪdz/ ides n
idy
(historical, often, _, capitalized) The notional full-moon day of a Roman month, occurring on the 15th day of the four original 31-day months (March, May, Quintilis or July, and October) and on the 13th day of all other months.

idiolect /ˈɘ.di.ɐʉ.lekt/ /ˈɪd.i.ə.lɛkt/ /ˈɪd.i.əʊ̯.lɛkt/ idiolects n
idiolekt język osobniczy mowa osobnicza
(linguistics) The language variant used by a specific individual.

idiom /ˈɪdi.əm/ idiomata idioms n
idiom idiomat
A manner of speaking, a mode of expression peculiar to a language, language family, or group of people.
An established phrasal expression whose meaning may not be deducible from the literal meanings of its component words.
mowa narzecze
A language or language variety; specifically, a restricted dialect used in a given historical period, context etc.

idiomatic /ˌɪdi.əˈmætɪk/ more idiomatic most idiomatic adj
idiomatyczny
Pertaining or conforming to idiom, the natural mode of expression of a language.
(music) Relating to parts or pieces which are written both within the natural physical limitations of the instrument and human body and, less so or less often, the styles of playing used on specific instruments.
idiomatyczny idiomowy
Resembling or characteristic of an idiom.

idiopathic /ˌɪdioʊˈpæθɪk/ adj
idiopatyczny idiopatyczna idiopatyczne
(pathology) Of, relating to, or designating a disease or condition having no known cause.

idiosyncrasy /ˌɪdioʊˈsɪŋkɹəsi/ /ˌɪdiəˈsɪŋkɹəsi/ /ˌɪdɪəʊˈsɪŋkɹəsi/ /ˌɪdɪəˈsɪŋkɹəsi/ idiosyncrasies n
idiosynkrazja osobliwość dziwactwo
A behavior or way of thinking that is characteristic of a person.
idiosynkrazja
A language or behaviour that is particular to an individual or group.
(medicine) A peculiar individual reaction to a generally innocuous substance or factor.
A peculiarity that serves to distinguish or identify.

idiosyncratic /-ˌsɪŋ-/ /ˌɪd.i.əʊ.sɪŋˈkræ.tɪk/ more idiosyncratic most idiosyncratic adj
specyficzny
Peculiar to a specific individual; eccentric.

idiot /ˈɪd.i.(j)ət/ /ˈɪd.i.(j)ɪt/ idiots n
idiota idiotka dureń głupek głupiec
(pejorative) A person of low general intelligence.

idiotic /ɪd.iˈɑt.ɪk/ /ɪd.iˈɒt.ɪk/ [ɪɾiˈɑɾɪk] more idiotic most idiotic adj
idiotowaty idiotyczny
(of a person or animal) Pertaining to or resembling an idiot; characterised with behaviour resembling idiocy.
idiotyczny
(of an action) Having the quality of idiocy; very foolish

idle /ˈaɪd(ə)l/ /ˈʌɪdəl/ more idle most idle adj
bezczynny próżny
Not engaged in any occupation or employment; unemployed; inactive; doing nothing in particular.
leniwy
Averse to work, labor or employment; lazy; slothful.

idle /ˈaɪd(ə)l/ /ˈʌɪdəl/ v
bimbać przebimbać
(transitive) To spend in idleness; to waste; to consume.
(intransitive) To lose or spend time doing nothing, or without being employed in business.

idle hands are the devil's workshop proverb
próżność doprowadza do zła
One who is idle will likely come to do evil.

idleness /ˈaɪdəlnəs/ idlenesses n
bezczynność
The state of being idle; inactivity.

idly /ˈaɪd(ə)lɪ/ more idly most idly adv
bezczynnie
In an idle manner. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

idol /ˈaɪd(ə)l/ idols n
idol bałwan bożek modła
A graven image or representation of anything that is revered, or believed to convey spiritual power.
idol idolka
A cultural icon, or especially popular person.

idolater /ˌaɪˈdɑlətəɹ/ idolaters n
bałwochwalca bałwochwalczyni
One who worships idols; (historical) a pagan.

idolatress idolatresses n
bałwochwalczyni
A female idolater.

idolatrous more idolatrous most idolatrous adj
bałwochwalczy
Partaking in idolatry; worshipping idols or false gods.
Engaging in excessive attachment or reverence; inordinately or profanely devoted.

idolatrously more idolatrously most idolatrously adv
bałwochwalczo

idolatry /aɪˈdɑ.lə.tɹi/ /aɪˈdɒl.ə.tɹiː/ idolatries n
bałwochwalstwo idolatria idololatria
The worship of idols.
bałwochwalstwo ubóstwianie
The excessive admiration of somebody or something.

idolize /ˈaɪdəlaɪz/ v
ubóstwiać ubóstwić
To make an idol of, or to worship as an idol.

idyll /ˈaɪ.dəl/ /ˈaɪ.dɪl/ /ˈɪd.əl/ /ˈɪd.ɪl/ idylls n
idylla
Any poem or short written piece composed in the style of Theocritus's short pastoral poems, the Idylls.
idylla sielanka
An episode or series of events or circumstances of pastoral or rural simplicity, fit for an idyll; a carefree or lighthearted experience.

idyllic /aɪˈdɪlɪk/ /ɪˈdɪlɪk/ more idyllic most idyllic adj
idylliczny
Of or pertaining to idylls.
idylliczny sielankowy
Extremely happy, peaceful, or picturesque.

idée fixe /i.deɪ fiks/ /iː.deɪ ˈfiːks/ idées fixes n
idée fixe
(psychology) An idea dominating the mind and maintained despite evidence to the contrary; (loosely), an obsession.

if /ɪf/ conjunction
jeśli jeżeli
(computing) In the event that a statement is true (a programming statement that acts in a similar manner).
jeśli jeżeli gdyby jak
Supposing that; given that; supposing it is the case that.
tyle że
Although; used to introduce a concession.
czy jeśli
(sometimes, _, proscribed) Whether; used to introduce a noun clause, an indirect question, that functions as the direct object of certain verbs.

if I do say so myself adv
nie powiem
Appended to praise of oneself or one's own doings, as a form of modesty.

if I were you phraseologicalUnit
na twoim miejscu
A phrase said to introduce advice, i.e. to express what one would do in the interlocutor's situation.

if I'm honest phraseologicalUnit
szczerze mówiąc
(idiomatic) to be honest

if I'm not mistaken phraseologicalUnit
jeśli się nie mylę

if and only if conjunction
wtedy i tylko wtedy
(logic, mathematics) Is equivalent to; implies and is implied by; is true and false in the same cases as.

if it ain't broke, don't fix it proverb
nie szukaj dziury w całym
Leave something alone; avoid attempting to correct, fix, or improve what is already sufficient (often with an implication that the attempted improvement is risky and might backfire).

if it's all the same phraseologicalUnit
jeśli nie masz nic przeciwko
(idiomatic) If it makes no difference; if nobody minds; if it doesn't bother anyone.

if looks could kill phraseologicalUnit
gdyby wzrok mógł zabijać
(idiomatic, anapodoton) Used to characterize a look of strong hostility

if memory serves phraseologicalUnit
jeśli dobrze pamiętam

if my aunt had balls, she'd be my uncle proverb
gdyby babcia miała wąsy, toby była dziadkiem
(colloquial, vulgar, humorous) It is fruitless to speculate about counterfactual situations.

if need be adv
w razie konieczności w razie potrzeby ewentualnie jeśli trzeba jeżeli to konieczne
(idiomatic) If necessary; if there is a need.

if not adv
jeśli nie jeżeli nie

if not for phraseologicalUnit
gdyby nie

if only conjunction
bodaj byle jeśli by jeśliby o ile
(idiomatic) I wish that; signifies a wish or desire for the present or the future.

if possible adv
o ile to możliwe w miarę możliwości

if the mountain won't come to Muhammad proverb
nie chce góra przyjść do Mahometa, musi Mahomet przyjść do góry
If something one wishes to be done cannot be commanded done, one must find another way to achieve one's goal.

if you ask me phraseologicalUnit
moim zdaniem na moje na mój rozum po mojemu w moich oczach w moim odczuciu

if you know what I mean /ɪf ju ˌnoʊ wʌt aɪ ˈmin/ [ɪfjəˌnowʌɾaɪˈmin] phraseologicalUnit
jeśli wiesz, co mam na myśli
Used to allude to something unsaid or hinted at.

if you say so interjection
skoro tak mówisz
(colloquial, dismissive) Used to convey lack of agreement together with a refusal to enter into or continue an argument.

if you want peace, prepare for war proverb
jeśli chcesz pokoju, przygotuj się do wojny

if you will adv
że tak powiem
Used in conceding a description.

iff /ɪf ən(d) ˈoʊn.li ɪf/ /ɪf ən(d) ˈəʊn.li ɪf/ conjunction
wtw
(mathematics, logic) Short for if and only if.

ifrit /ɪˈfɹiːt/ /ˈɪf.ɹɪt/ ifrits n
afryt efryt ifrit ifryt

igloo /ˈɪɡluː/ igloos n
igloo iglu
A dome-shaped Inuit shelter, constructed of blocks cut from snow.

igneous rock igneous rocks n
skały magmowe
(geology) one of the major groups of rock that makes up the crust of the Earth; formed by the cooling of molten rock, either below the surface (intrusive) or on the surface (extrusive)

ignite /ɪɡˈnaɪt/ v
zapalić zapalać
(transitive) to set fire to (something), to light (something)

ignition /ɪɡˈnɪʃən/ ignitions n
zapłonięcie
The act of igniting.
zapłon
The initiation of combustion.
(automotive, mechanical engineering) A system for activating combustion in a combustion engine.
stacyjka
(automotive) Receptacle for a key used to start the engine in a vehicle.

ignoble /ɪɡˈnəʊbəl/ ignobler ignoblest adj
niecny
Not honorable; base.

ignominious /ɪɡnəˈmɪniəs/ more ignominious most ignominious adj
sromotny
Marked by great dishonor, shame, disgrace or humiliation; shameful, disgraceful

ignoramus /ɪɡnəˈɹeɪməs/ ignorami ignoramuses n
ignorant nieuk abnegat abnegatka ignorantka
A totally ignorant person—unknowledgeable, uneducated, or uninformed; a fool.

ignorance /ˈɪɡ.nə.ɹəns/ /ˈɪɡ.nɚ.əns/ ignorances n
ignorancja niewiedza nieuctwo nieznajomość nieświadomość
The condition of being uninformed or uneducated; lack of knowledge or information.

ignorance is bliss proverb
niewiedza to błogosławieństwo
A lack of knowledge results in happiness; it is more comfortable to not know certain things.

ignorant /ˈɪɡnəɹənt/ ignoranter ignorantest more ignorant most ignorant adj
ignorancki
Unknowledgeable or uneducated; characterized by ignorance.

ignore /ɪɡˈno(ː)ɹ/ /ɪɡˈnoə/ /ɪɡˈnɔɹ/ /ɪɡˈnɔː/ v
ignorować zignorować
To deliberately not listen or pay attention to.

ignosticism n
ignostycyzm
Aka theological noncognitivism, igtheism.
The lack of belief that "creator and designer of the universe" is a coherently defined phrase, thus modern religionists do not believe in any god but only have the illusion that they do, and that modern atheists do not disbelieve in any god, or even lack belief in any god, but only have the illusion that they do.

iguana /əˈɡwɑnə/ /ɪ.ɡjuˈɑːnə/ /ɪˈɡwɑnə/ /ɪˈɡwɑːnə/ iguanas n
legwan zielony legwan
A green iguana (Iguana iguana), a large tropical American lizard often kept as a pet.
legwan iguana
(zoology) Any member of the genus Iguana.
Colloquially, in America and the Pacific, any of several members of the lizard family Iguanidae.
Colloquially, in Africa, any large member of the genus Varanus, especially the aquatic Nile monitor (see leguan).

ikebana ikebanas n
ikebana
The Japanese art of flower arrangement.

ikra /iˈkɹɑː/ n
ikra
roe of the salmon, red caviar

ileum ilea n
jelito kręte
(anatomy) The last, and usually the longest, division of the small intestine; the part between the jejunum and large intestine.

ileus /ˈɪliəs/ ilei ileuses n
niedrożność jelit
(medicine, modern usage) Disruption of the normal propulsive ability of the gastrointestinal tract, due to failure of peristalsis.

iliac /ˈɪliæk/ adj
biodrowy

ill /ɪl/ iller illest more ill most ill worse worst adj
chory
Unwell in terms of health or physical condition; sick. [from 15th c.]

ill /ɪl/ more ill most ill worse worst adv
źle
Not well; imperfectly, badly

ill /ɪl/ ills n
krzywda
(often pluralized) Trouble; distress; misfortune; adversity.
Harm or injury.
Evil; moral wrongfulness.
(US, slang, uncountable) PCP, phencyclidine.
krzywda problem
A physical ailment; an illness.

ill will n
ansa
A spiteful or vengeful attitude; a grudge; dislike.

ill-advised more ill-advised most ill-advised adj
nierozsądny nieroztropny nierozważny
Carried out without the benefit of wise counsel or careful deliberation, or carried out with unwise counsel.

ill-gotten gains never prosper proverb
kradzione nie tuczy

illative case illative cases n
illativus
(grammar) A case used to indicate movement into something; for example, into the house.

illegal /ɪˈli.ɡəl/ /ɪˈliːɡəl/ [ɪɫˈli.ɡəɫ] more illegal most illegal adj
nielegalny
Contrary to or forbidden by law, especially criminal law.

illegality illegalities n
bezprawność nielegalność
(law) the state of being illegal

illegally /ɪˈliːɡəli/ more illegally most illegally adv
nielegalnie bezprawnie
In a manner contrary to law.

illegible /ɪˈlɛd͡ʒəbəl/ more illegible most illegible adj
nieczytelny
Not clear enough to be read; unreadable; not legible or decipherable.

illegitimate /ɘlɘˈdʒɘtɘmeɪt/ /ɘlɘˈdʒɘtɘmɘt/ /ɪlɪˈd͡ʒɪtɪmeɪt/ /ɪlɪˈd͡ʒɪtɪmət/ [ɪlɨˈd͡ʒɪɾəmeɪt] [ɪlɨˈd͡ʒɪɾəmɨt] more illegitimate most illegitimate adj
nielegalny
Not in accordance with the law.
nieślubny bezprawny
Born to unmarried parents.

illicit /ɪˈlɪsɪt/ more illicit most illicit adj
niedozwolony
Breaking social norms.

illiquid /ɪˈlɪkwɪd/ more illiquid most illiquid adj
niepłynny
(finance) Lacking liquidity; unable to be converted into cash.

illiteracy /ɪˈlɪtəɹəsi/ /ɪˈlɪt͡ʃɹəsi/ illiteracies n
analfabetyzm niepiśmienność
(uncountable) The inability to read and write.

illiterate /ɪˈlɪtəɹət/ /ɪˈlɪtɹət/ more illiterate most illiterate adj
niepiśmienny niegramotny
Unable to read and write.
analfabeta analfabetka
Having less than an expected standard of familiarity with language and literature, or having little formal education.

illiterate /ɪˈlɪtəɹət/ /ɪˈlɪtɹət/ illiterates n
analfabeta analfabetka
An illiterate person, one either not able to read and write or not knowing how.

illness /ˈɪl.nəs/ illnesses n
choroba
(countable) An instance of a disease or poor health.

illogical more illogical most illogical adj
nielogiczny
Contrary to logic; lacking sense or sound reasoning.

illogically more illogically most illogically adv
nielogicznie
In an illogical manner, without following methods of sane and correct reasoning, in a manner lacking thought or logic.

illuminate /ɪˈl(j)uməneɪt/ /ɪˈl(j)umɪneɪt/ /ɪˈl(j)umɪnət/ v
iluminować oświetlać
(transitive) To shine light on something.

illuminating gas n
gaz świetlny

illusion /ɪˈl(j)uːzj(ə)n/ /ɪˈl(j)uːʒ(ə)n/ [ɪˈluː.ʒən] illusions n
złudzenie iluzja ułuda
(countable) Anything that seems to be something that it is not.
iluzja ułuda
(countable) A misapprehension; a belief in something that is in fact not true.
iluzja złudzenie
(countable) A magician’s trick.

illusionist illusionists n
iluzjonista iluzjonistka
One who works with illusion or sleight of hand.

illusorily more illusorily most illusorily adv
iluzorycznie
In an illusory fashion.

illusory /ɪˈluːs(ə)ɹi/ /ɪˈluːz(ə)ɹi/ more illusory most illusory adj
iluzoryczny
Resulting from an illusion; deceptive, imaginary, unreal.

illustrate /ɪˈlasˌtɹæɪt/ /ɪˈlʌsˌtɹeɪt/ /ˈɪl.jəˌstɹeɪt/ /ˈɪl.jʊˌstɹeɪt/ /ˈɪl.əˌstɹeɪt/ /ˈɪl.əˌstɹæɪt/ v
obrazować zobrazować
(figurative) To clarify something by giving, or serving as, an example or a comparison.

illustration /ˌɪl.əˈstɹeɪ.ʃən/ illustrations n
ilustracja rycina
A picture designed to decorate a publication, or elucidate a literary work.

illustrious /-ˈləs-/ /ɪˈlʌs.tɹi.əs/ /ɪˈlʌs.tɹɪ.əs/ more illustrious most illustrious adj
wspaniały znamienity
Admired, distinguished, respected, or well-known. [from mid 16th c.]

ilmenite ilmenites n
ilmenit
(mineral) A weakly magnetic dark gray mineral found in metamorphic and igneous rocks; it is a mixed oxide of iron and titanium, FeTiO3

image /ˈɪmɪd͡ʒ/ images n
obraz
An optical or other representation of a real object; a graphic; a picture.
(computing) A file that contains all information needed to produce a live working copy. (See disk image and image copy.)
wizerunek
A characteristic of a person, group or company etc., style, manner of dress, how one is or wishes to be perceived by others.

image sensor image sensors n
matryca

imaginary /ɪˈmæd͡ʒɪnəɹi/ /ɪˈmæd͡ʒɪnɹi/ /ɪˈmæd͡ʒɪˌnɛɹi/ more imaginary most imaginary adj
imaginacyjny umowny zmyślony
Existing only in the imagination.
urojona
(mathematics, of a number) Having no real part; that part of a complex number which is a multiple of \sqrt{-1} (called imaginary unit).

imaginary number imaginary numbers n
liczba urojona
(complex analysis, strict sense) A number of the form bi, where b is any real number and i denotes the imaginary unit.

imagination /ɪˌmæd͡ʒəˈneɪʃən/ imaginations n
wyobraźnia fantazja imaginacja
The image-making power of the mind; the act of mentally creating or reproducing an object not previously perceived; the ability to create such images.
urojenie
Particularly, construction of false images; fantasizing.
wyobrażenie
A mental image formed by the action of the imagination as a faculty; something imagined.

imaginative /-ənətɪv/ /ɪˈmæd͡ʒnətɪv/ /ɪˈmæd͡ʒɪnətɪv/ more imaginative most imaginative adj
pomysłowy
Having a lively or creative imagination.

imagine /ɪˈmæ.d͡ʒɪn/ v
wyobrażać wyobrazić
(transitive) To form a mental image of something; to envision or create something in one's mind.

imago /ɪˈmeɪɡoʊ/ /ɪˈmeɪɡəʊ/ /ɪˈmɑɡoʊ/ /ɪˈmɑːɡəʊ/ imagines imagoes imagos n
imago
(entomology) The final developmental stage of an insect after undergoing metamorphosis.

imam /ɪˈmɑːm/ /ˈiːmɑːm/ imams n
imam
(usually capitalized) A Shi'ite Muslim leader descended from the prophet Muhammad and functioning as his spiritual successor.

imbalance imbalances n
brak równowagi
The property of not being in balance.

imbecile /ɪmbəˈsiːl/ /ˈɪmbəsəl/ /ˈɪmbəsɪl/ imbeciles n
imbecyl
(obsolete) A person with limited mental capacity who can perform tasks and think only like a young child, in medical circles meaning a person who lacks the capacity to develop beyond the mental age of a normal five- to seven-year-old child.
(pejorative) A fool, an idiot.

imbibe /ɪmˈbaɪb/ v
pić
To drink (used frequently of alcoholic beverages).

imitate /ˈɪmɪteɪt/ v
imitować naśladować udawać
To follow as a model or a pattern; to make a copy, counterpart or semblance of.

imitation /ɪmɪˈteɪʃən/ imitations n
imitacja naśladownictwo imitatorstwo
The act of imitating.
imitacja kopia
(attributive) A copy or simulation; something that is not the real thing.

imitative more imitative most imitative adj
odtwórczy
Imitating; copying; not original.

imitator imitators n
naśladowca imitator imitatorka naśladowczyni
A person who imitates or apes another.

immaculate /ɪˈmækjələt/ /ɪˈmækjʊlət/ more immaculate most immaculate adj
niepokalany
Having no blemish or stain; absolutely clean and tidy.
niepokalanym
(Roman Catholicism) Of the Virgin Mary or her womb: pure, undefiled.

immaculateness n
niepokalaność
The characteristic of being immaculate; spotlessness.

immanent /ˈɪmənənt/ more immanent most immanent adj
immanentny
Naturally part of something; existing throughout and within something; intrinsic.

immature /ɪməˈtjʊə(ɹ)/ /ɪməˈt͡ʃə(ɹ)/ /ɪməˈt͡ʃʊə(ɹ)/ immaturer immaturest adj
niedojrzały
Not fully formed or developed; not grown. [from 17th c.]
Childish in behavior; juvenile. [from 20th c.]

immaturity /ɪməˈt͡ʃʊɹɪti/ immaturities n
niedojrzałość
Youth; the condition of being immature or not fully grown

immeasurable /ɪˈmɛʒəɹəbəl/ /ɪˈmɛʒɹəbəl/ more immeasurable most immeasurable adj
niemierzalny
impossible to measure
niezmierzony
vast

immediacy /əˈ-/ /ɪˈmiːdi.əsi/ /ɪˈmiːd͡ʒəsi/ immediacies n
bliskość
The quality of being immediate, of happening right away.

immediate /ɪˈmi.di.ət/ /ɪˈmi.di.ɪt/ /ɪˈmiːdɪət/ /ɪˈmiːdʒət/ more immediate most immediate adj
natychmiastowy bezzwłoczny niezwłoczny bezpośredni doraźny momentalny
Happening right away, instantly, with no delay.

immediately /əˈmiːdi.ətli/ /əˈmiːdʒətli/ /ɪˈmiːdi.ətli/ /ɪˈmiːdʒətli/ adv
natychmiast bezzwłocznie niezwłocznie zaraz bezpośrednio doraźnie
In an immediate manner; instantly or without delay.

immense /ɪˈmɛns/ immenser immensest adj
ogromny niezmierny przeogromny
Huge, gigantic, very large.

immensely /ɪˈmɛnsli/ more immensely most immensely adv
bezbrzeżnie niezmiernie
Greatly; hugely; extremely; vastly; to a great extent.

immerse /ɪˈmɜːs/ /ɪˈmɝs/ v
zanurzać zanurzyć
(transitive) To place within a fluid (generally a liquid, but also a gas).

immersion heater immersion heaters n
grzałka
A device for supplying domestic hot water in which a thermostatically-controlled heating element is immersed within a tank of water

immigrant /ˈɪmɪɡɹənt/ immigrants n
imigrant imigrantka
A non-native person who comes to a country from another country to permanently settle there.

immigrate /ˈɪmɪɡɹeɪt/ v
imigrować
(intransitive) To move into a foreign country to stay permanently.

immigration /ɪmɪˈɡɹeɪʃn/ /ˌɪmɪˈɡɹeɪʃən/ immigrations n
imigracja
The act of immigrating; the passing or coming into a country of which one is not native born for the purpose of permanent residence.

imminent /ˈɪmənənt/ /ˈɪmɪnənt/ more imminent most imminent adj
bliski nadciągający
About to happen, occur, or take place very soon, especially of something which won't last long.

immobile /ɪˈmoʊ.bəl/ /ɪˈmɒ.bɪl/ /ɪˈməʊ.baɪl/ immobiles n
nieruchomy
One who does not or cannot move (e.g. to travel or live elsewhere).

immobility immobilities n
bezruch
The quality of not moving.

immobilization immobilizations n
unieruchamianie unieruchomienie
The act or process of preventing a thing from moving.

immobilize v
unieruchomić unieruchamiać
To render motionless; to stop moving or stop from moving.

immodest /ɪˈmɑdəst/ more immodest most immodest adj
bezpruderyjny nieskromny
Without customary restraint or modesty of expression; shameless.

immodestly more immodestly most immodestly adv
bezpruderyjnie
In an immodest manner.

immodesty immodesties n
bezpruderyjność
The state of being immodest; a lack of modesty.

immoral /ɪˈmɒɹəl/ /ɪˈmɔɹəl/ more immoral most immoral adj
niemoralny
Breaching principles of natural law, rectitude, or justice, and so inconsistent with the demands of virtue, purity, or "good morals"; not right, not moral. (Compare unethical, illegal.)

immoralism /ɪˈmɒɹəˌlɪzəm/ immoralisms n
immoralizm
A philosophy that does not accept moral principles.

immoralist /ɪˈmɒɹəˌlɪst/ immoralists n
immoralista immoralistka
An advocate of immorality

immortal /ɪˈmɔɹtəl/ /ɪˈmɔːtəl/ adj
nieśmiertelny
Not susceptible to death; living forever; never dying.

immortalise /ɪ.ˈmɔː(ɹ).tə.ˌlaɪz/ v
unieśmiertelniać unieśmiertelnić upamiętniać upamiętnić utrwalać utrwalić
To make eternally famous.

immortality /ˌɪmɔːɹˈtæləti/ /ˌɪmɔːˈtæləti/ immortalities n
nieśmiertelność
(religion, mythology, biology) The condition of being immortal.

immune system immune systems n
układ odpornościowy
(anatomy, immunology) The system that differentiates self from non-self and protects the body from foreign substances and pathogenic organisms by producing an immune response. It includes organs such as the thymus, the spleen and lymph nodes; tissue such as bone marrow, and lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils; cells such as lymphocytes including the B cells and T cells, and cell products such as antibodies.

immunity /ɪˈmjuːnəti/ immunities n
immunitet
(law) An exemption from prosecution.
odporność immunitet
(uncountable) The state of being insusceptible to something; notably:
odporność
(countable) A resistance to a specific thing.

immunization immunizations n
immunizacja
(US, uncountable) The process by which an individual is safely exposed in a controlled manner to a material that is designed to prime their immune system against that material.

immunize v
uodparniać uodpornić
(transitive) To make someone or something immune to something.
(transitive) To inoculate someone, and thus produce immunity from a disease.

immunobiological adj
immunobiologiczny

immunobiology n
immunobiologia

immunological adj
immunologiczny
Of or relating to immunology.

immunologist immunologists n
immunolog
A person who studies or practices medicine in the area of immunology.

immunology immunologies n
immunologia
(medicine) The branch of medicine that concerns the body's immune system.

immunopathology immunopathologies n
immunopatologia
(medicine) The branch of immunology that studies the relation of the immune system to disease; a disease caused by a disruption of the immune system

immunosuppressive more immunosuppressive most immunosuppressive adj
immunosupresyjny
(pharmaceutical effect, immunology) Having the capability to suppress the immune system, capable of immunosuppression.

immure /ɪˈmjʊə(ɹ)/ v
zamurować zamurowywać
(transitive) To cloister, confine, imprison or hole up: to lock someone up or seclude oneself behind walls.

immurement immurements n
uwięzienie
Capital punishment, human sacrifice or life imprisonment by entombing for life or sealing behind walls.

immutability immutabilities n
niezmienność
The state or quality of being immutable; immutableness.

immutable adj
niezmienny
Unable to be changed without exception.

imp /ɪmp/ imps n
chochlik diabełek diablę
(chiefly, fiction, and, mythology) A small, mischievous sprite or a malevolent supernatural creature, somewhat comparable to a demon but smaller and less powerful, formerly regarded as the child of the devil or a demon (see sense 3.2). [from 16th c.]
ananas ancymon baciar diablica filut gagatek
(often, humorous) A mischievous child. [from 17th c.]

impact /ɪmˈpækt/ /ˈɪmpækt/ impacts n
uderzenie impakt zderzenie
The force or energy of a collision of two objects.
wpływ impakt
(figurative, proscribed) A significant or strong influence or effect.

impact /ɪmˈpækt/ /ˈɪmpækt/ v
uderzać zderzać
(transitive) To collide or strike, the act of impinging.
(transitive, figurative, proscribed) To significantly or strongly influence or affect; to have an impact on.
wpływać ściskać
(transitive) To compress; to compact; to press into something or pack together.

impala /ɪmˈpɑːlə/ impala impalas n
impala
An African antelope, Aepyceros melampus, noted for its leaping ability; the male has ridged, curved horns.

impale /ɪmˈpeɪl/ v
nabijać na pal nabić na pal nadziać na pal nadziewać na pal wbijać na pal wbić na pal
(ambitransitive) To pierce with a pale; to put to death by fixing on a sharp stake.

impalement impalements n
nabicie na pal nabijanie na pal nawlekanie na pal
The act of torturing or executing someone by impaling them on a sharp stake.

impart /ɪmˈpɑɹt/ /ɪmˈpɑːt/ v
dzielić się
(transitive) To obtain a share of; to partake of.

impartial /ɪmˈpɑɹ.ʃəl/ more impartial most impartial adj
bezstronny
treating all parties, rivals, or disputants equally; not partial; not biased

impartiality impartialities n
bezstronność
The quality of being impartial; fairness.

impartially more impartially most impartially adv
bezstronnie
In an impartial manner; fairly.

impassable more impassable most impassable adj
nieprzejezdny nieprzekraczalny
(of a route, terrain, etc.) Incapable of being passed over, crossed, or negotiated.

impasse /æmˈpɑːs/ /ɪmˈpæs/ /ɪmˈpɑːs/ /ˈæmpɑːs/ /ˈɪmpæs/ /ˈɪmpɑːs/ impasses n
impas matnia zastój ślepa uliczka
(figurative) A deadlock or stalemate situation in which no progress can be made.

impatience /ɪmˈpeɪʃəns/ impatiences n
niecierpliwość brak cierpliwości
The quality of being impatient; lacking patience; restlessness and intolerance of delays; anxiety and eagerness, especially to begin something.

impatient /ɪmˈpeɪʃənt/ more impatient most impatient adj
niecierpliwy
Restless and intolerant of delays.
Anxious and eager, especially to begin or have something.

impeachment /ɪmˈpiːt͡ʃ.mənt/ impeachments n
impeachment
(countable, law, chiefly, US) The act of impeaching or charging a public official with misconduct, especially if serious, often with the aim of having the official dismissed from office.
(uncountable) The state of being impeached.

impeccability impeccabilities n
nienaganność
The property of being impeccable.

impeccably /ɪmˈpɛk.ə.bli/ more impeccably most impeccably adv
nieskazitelnie
In a perfect or flawless manner.

impecunious /ˌɪm.pəˈkjuː.ni.əs/ /ˌɪm.pɪˈkjuː.ni.əs/ adj
ubogi
Lacking money. [from 1596]

impedance /ɪmˈpiːdn̩s/ impedances n
impedancja
(physics) A measure of the opposition to the flow of an alternating current in a circuit; the aggregation of its resistance, and inductive and capacitive reactances; the ratio of voltage to current treated as complex quantities.

impedance coil impedance coils n
cewka cewka indukcyjna zwojnica
(electricity) a coil of wire designed to provide impedance in an electric circuit

impediment /ɪmˈpɛdɪmənt/ impediments n
przeszkoda trudność utrudnienie zawada
A hindrance; that which impedes or obstructs progress.

impeller impellers n
wirnik
A rotating component of a device that accelerates fluid, increasing its pressure or flowrate.

imperative /ɪmˈpɛɹ.ə.tɪv/ more imperative most imperative adj
arcyważny
Essential; crucial; extremely important.
rozkazujący
(grammar) Of, or relating to the imperative mood.

imperative /ɪmˈpɛɹ.ə.tɪv/ imperatives n
imperativus imperatiwus rozkaźnik
(countable, grammar) A verb in imperative mood.

imperative mood imperative moods n
tryb rozkazujący imperativus imperatiwus rozkaźnik
(grammar) The grammatical mood generally expressing a command, though also used to express a request or permission.

imperceptibly more imperceptibly most imperceptibly adv
niezauważalnie
Not noticeably; too small to be detected; too little to be perceived.

imperfect /ɪmpə(ɹ)ˈfɛkt/ /ɪmˈpɜː(ɹ)fɛkt/ /ɪmˈpɜː(ɹ)fɪkt/ more imperfect most imperfect adj
niedoskonały
not perfect

imperfection /ɪmpɚˈfɛkʃən/ imperfections n
niedoskonałość
(uncountable) Those qualities or features that are imperfect; the characteristic, state, or quality of being imperfect.
(countable) Something that makes something else less than perfect; a blemish, impurity, error, etc.

imperfective adj
niedokonany
Of, relating to or having the properties of the imperfective aspect.

imperfective aspect n
aspekt niedokonany
(grammar) A feature of a verb which denotes that its action or condition does not have a fixed temporal boundary, but is habitual, unfinished, continuous, repetitive or in progress.

imperial /ɪmˈpɪə.ɹi.əl/ /ɪmˈpɪɹ.i.əl/ more imperial most imperial adj
cesarski imperialny
Related to an empire, emperor, or empress.
imperialny
Relating to the British imperial system of measurement.

imperialist /ɪmˈpɪəɹiəlɪst/ more imperialist most imperialist adj
imperialistyczny
Of, or relating to imperialism.

imperialist /ɪmˈpɪəɹiəlɪst/ imperialists n
imperialista imperialistka
An advocate of imperialism.

imperishable adj
nieginący niezniszczalny
not perishable; not subject to decay; enduring permanently

impersonal /ɪmˈpɜː.sn̩.ɫ̩/ /ɪmˈpɝsənəl/ more impersonal most impersonal adj
bezosobowy
Not personal; not representing a person; not having personality.
(grammar, of a verb or other word) Not having a subject, or having a third person pronoun without an antecedent.
bezosobowy bezduszny
Lacking warmth or emotion; cold.

impersonally more impersonally most impersonally adv
bezosobowo
In an impersonal manner.

impersonalness n
bezduszność bezosobowość

impertinence /ɪm.ˈpɜː.tɪ.nəns/ /ɪm.ˈpɝ.tɪ.nəns/ /ɪm.ˈpɝt.nəns/ impertinences n
arogancja bezczelność bezwstydność hucpiarstwo impertynenckość zuchwalstwo
(countable, uncountable) Insolence; impudence.

impertinent /ɪm.ˈpɜː.tɪ.nənt/ /ɪm.ˈpɝ.tɪ.nənt/ /ɪm.ˈpɝt.nənt/ more impertinent most impertinent adj
impertynencki bezczelny arogancki bezwstydny hucpiarski rozpanoszony
Insolent, ill-mannered.
niemający związku niestosowny
Irrelevant, useless.

impertinently more impertinently most impertinently adv
impertynencko
In an impertinent manner.

imperturbable /ˌɪmpəˈtɜːbəbəl/ /ˌɪmpɚˈtɝbəbəl/ more imperturbable most imperturbable adj
niewzruszony
Not easily perturbed, upset or excited.

imperviousness n
nieprzepuszczalność
The ability to prevent any penetration.

impetigo /ɪmpəˈtaɪɡoʊ/ /ɪmpɪˈtaɪɡəʊ/ impetigines impetigoes impetigos n
liszajec
(pathology) A contagious bacterial skin disease forming pustules and yellow crusty sores, chiefly on the face and hands. It is common in children and infection is often through cuts or insect bites.

impetuous /imˈpɛt͡ʃuəs/ more impetuous most impetuous adj
impulsywny porywczy zapalczywy
Making arbitrary decisions, especially in an impulsive and forceful manner.

implacability implacabilities n
nieugiętość
The quality or state of being implacable.

implacable /-ˈpleɪ-/ /ɪmˈplækəb(ə)l/ /ɪmˈplækəbəl/ more implacable most implacable adj
nieubłagany
Not able to be placated or appeased.

implant /ɪmˈplænt/ /ɪmˈplɑːnt/ /ˈɪmplɑːnt/ /ˈɪmˌplænt/ implants n
implant wszczep
(medicine) Anything surgically implanted in the body, such as a tissue graft or prosthesis, particularly breast implants.

implant /ɪmˈplænt/ /ɪmˈplɑːnt/ /ˈɪmplɑːnt/ /ˈɪmˌplænt/ v
wszczepiać wszczepić
(transitive) To insert (something) surgically into the body.

implantable more implantable most implantable adj
wszczepialny
Capable of being, or designed to be, implanted (within the body etc.)

implantation /ɪmplɑːnˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ implantations n
implantacja
(anatomy) The way in which an organ, bone, muscle etc. becomes inserted into its set place.
implantacja wszczepienie
(surgery) The act of inserting a medical implant.

implausibility implausibilities n
nieprawdopodobność
Lack of plausibility; the quality of being implausible.

implement /ˈɪmpləmənt/ /ˈɪmpləmɛnt/ implements n
narzędzie
A tool or instrument for working with.

implement /ˈɪmpləmənt/ /ˈɪmpləmɛnt/ v
wprowadzić w życie zrealizować
To bring about; to put into practice; to carry out.

implementation /ˌɪmpləmənˈteɪʃən/ /ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən/ /ˌɪmplɪmənˈteɪʃn/ implementations n
implementacja
The process of moving an idea from concept to reality. In business, engineering and other fields, implementation refers to the building process rather than the design process.
(electronics) A result of implementing something; a finished product, system or device.

implicit /ɪmˈplɪsɪt/ adj
domniemany domyślny implicytny niejawny
Implied indirectly, without being directly expressed
absolutny bezwarunkowy
Having no reservations or doubts; unquestioning or unconditional; usually said of faith or trust.

implicitly more implicitly most implicitly adv
bezwarunkowo
In an implicit or implied manner.

implicitness implicitnesses n
bezwarunkowość

implied /ɪmˈplaɪd/ more implied most implied adj
dorozumiany nie wprost
Suggested without being stated directly; implicated or hinted at.

implode v
implodować
(transitive) To cause to collapse or burst inward violently.

imploringly more imploringly most imploringly adv
błagająco błagalnie

implosion /ɪmˈpləʊʒən/ implosions n
implozja
The action of imploding.

imply /ɪmˈplaɪ/ v
pociągać (za sobą)
(transitive, of a proposition) to have as a necessary consequence
sugerować
(transitive, of a person or proposition) to hint; to insinuate; to suggest tacitly and avoid a direct statement

impolite /ɪmpəˈlaɪt/ impoliter impolitest more impolite most impolite adj
nieuprzejmy chamski grubiański
Not polite; not of polished manners; wanting in good manners.

import /ɪmˈpo(ː)ɹt/ /ɪmˈpoət/ /ɪmˈpɔɹt/ /ɪmˈpɔːt/ /ˈɪm.po(ː)ɹt/ /ˈɪm.poət/ /ˈɪm.pɔɹt/ /ˈɪm.pɔːt/ imports n
import
(countable) Something brought in from an exterior source, especially for sale or trade.
(countable, Philippines) A foreigner playing in a sports league.
import przywóz
(uncountable) The practice of importing.

import /ɪmˈpo(ː)ɹt/ /ɪmˈpoət/ /ɪmˈpɔɹt/ /ɪmˈpɔːt/ /ˈɪm.po(ː)ɹt/ /ˈɪm.poət/ /ˈɪm.pɔɹt/ /ˈɪm.pɔːt/ v
importować zaimportować zapożyczać zapożyczyć
(transitive) To bring (something) in from a foreign country, especially for sale or trade.
importować zaimportować
(transitive) To load a file into a software application from another version or system.

importance /ɪmˈpɔɹtəns/ /ɪmˈpɔːtəns/ [-ʔn̩s] importances n
ważność doniosłość
The quality or condition of being important or worthy of note.

important /ɪm.ˈpo(ː)ɹ.tənt/ /ɪm.ˈpoə.tənt/ /ɪm.ˈpɔɹ.dənt/ /ɪm.ˈpɔɹ.tənt/ /ɪm.ˈpɔː.tənt/ [ɪmˈpʰɔɹʔn̩t] [ɪmˈpʰɔːtənt̚] [ɪmˈpʰɔːʔn̩ʔ] more important most important adj
ważny
Having relevant and crucial value; having import.

importer /ɪmˈpɔː(ɹ)tə(ɹ)/ importers n
importer
One who, or that which, imports: especially a person or company importing goods into a country.

imposing /ɪmˈpoʊzɪŋ/ /ɪmˈpəʊzɪŋ/ more imposing most imposing adj
imponujący
Magnificent and impressive because of appearance, size, stateliness or dignity.

impossibility /ɪmˌpɑsɪˈbɪliti/ /ɪmˌpɒsɪˈbɪliti/ impossibilities n
niemożliwość
Something that is impossible.
niemożliwość niemożność
(uncountable) The quality of being impossible.

impossible /ɪmˈpɑ.sə.bl̩/ /ɪmˈpɒs.ə.bəl/ /ɪmˈpɒs.ɪ.bəl/ adj
niemożliwy
Not possible; not able to be done or happen.
(colloquial, of a person) Very difficult to deal with.

impost /ˈɪmpoʊst/ /ˈɪmpəʊst/ imposts n
podatek
(chiefly, _, historical) A tax, tariff or duty that is imposed, especially on merchandise.

impostor /ɪmˈpɑstɚ/ /ɪmˈpɒstə/ impostors n
hochsztapler impostor samozwaniec
Someone who attempts to deceive by using an assumed name or identity.

impostor syndrome /-dɹəm/ /ɪmˈpɑstɚ ˈsɪndɹoʊm/ /ɪmˈpɒstə ˈsɪndɹəʊm/ impostor syndromes n
syndrom oszusta
(psychology) A psychological phenomenon in which a person is unable to internalize his or her accomplishments, remaining convinced that he or she does not deserve any accompanying success.

impotence /ˈɪmpətəns/ impotences n
impotencja bezsilność bezsiła
Powerlessness; incapacity.
impotencja niemoc płciowa
Inability to copulate or beget children; sterility, erectile dysfunction, etc.

impoverish /ɪmˈpɒv(ə)rɪʃ/ v
zubożyć
(transitive) To make poor.

impractical /ɪmˈpɹæktɪkəl/ more impractical most impractical adj
niepraktyczny
not practical; impracticable

imprecate /ˈɪmpɹəkeɪt/ v
przeklinać przekląć złorzeczyć
(transitive) To call down by prayer, as something hurtful or calamitous.

imprecation /ˌɪm.pɹəˈkeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɪm.pɹɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ imprecations n
pomstowanie złorzeczenie
The act of imprecating, or invoking evil upon someone; a prayer that a curse or calamity may befall someone.

imprecise /ɪmpɹəˈsaɪs/ /ɪmpɹɪˈsaɪs/ more imprecise most imprecise adj
niedokładny nieprecyzyjny nieścisły
Not precise or exact; containing some error or uncertainty.

imprecisely more imprecisely most imprecisely adv
nieprecyzyjnie nieściśle
In an imprecise manner.

impregnate /ɪmˈpɹɛɡneɪt/ v
impregnować nasycać nasycić zaimpregnować zapładniać zapłodnić
(transitive) To cause to become pregnant.

impregnation /ɪmpɹɛɡˈneɪʃən/ impregnations n
zapłodnienie
The act of making pregnant; fertilization.
impregnacja
The fact or process of imbuing or saturating with something; diffusion of some element, idea etc. through a medium or substance.

impresario /ˌɪmprɪˈsɑːrɪəʊ/ impresari impresarios n
agent agentka
A manager or producer in the entertainment industry, especially music or theatre.

imprescriptibility n
nieprzedawnialność

impressed /ɪmˈpɹɛst/ more impressed most impressed adj
pod wrażeniem
strongly affected, especially favourably

impression /ɪmˈpɹɛʃən/ impressions n
odcisk
The indentation or depression made by the pressure of one object on or into another.
wrażenie
The overall effect of something, e.g., on a person.
An outward appearance.
impresja
A vague recalling of an event, a belief.
imitacja
An impersonation, an imitation of the mannerisms of another individual.

impressionism impressionisms n
impresjonizm
(arts) An art movement characterized by visible brushstrokes, ordinary subject matter, and an emphasis on light and its changing qualities.
(music genre) A style that avoided traditional harmony, and sought to invoke the impressions of the composer.
(poetry) A style that used imagery and symbolism to portray the poet's impressions.

impressionist impressionists n
impresjonista impresjonistka
One who adheres to the theory or method of impressionism.

impressionistic more impressionistic most impressionistic adj
impresjonistyczny
Pertaining to or characterized by impressionism.
Based on impression rather than reason or fact; based on trying to impress somebody rather than trying for accuracy.

impressive /ɪmˈpɹɛsɪv/ more impressive most impressive adj
imponujący
Making, or tending to make, a positive impression; having power to impress

impressively more impressively most impressively adv
imponująco
In an impressive manner; forcibly.

imprint /ˈɪm.pɹɪnt/ imprints n
impressum
The name and details of a publisher or printer, as printed in a book etc.; a publishing house.

imprison /ɪmˈpɹɪzən/ v
uwięzić więzić
(transitive) To put in or as if in prison; confine somebody against their will.

imprisonment /ɪmˈpɹɪzn̩.mənt/ imprisonments n
osądzenie pozbawienie wolności uwięzienie
A confinement in a place, especially a prison or a jail, as punishment for a crime.

improbable /ɪmˈpɹɑbəbl̩/ /ɪmˈpɹɒbəbl̩/ more improbable most improbable adj
nieprawdopododny
Not likely to be true.

improgressive more improgressive most improgressive adj
niepostępowy

improgressively more improgressively most improgressively adv
niepostępowo

improgressiveness n
niepostępowość

impromptu /ɪmˈpɹɑmpt(j)u/ /ɪmˈpɹɒmptju/ adj
improwizowany spontaniczny
Improvised; without prior preparation, planning or rehearsal.

improper fraction improper fractions n
ułamek niewłaściwy
(arithmetic) A vulgar fraction of which the numerator has a greater magnitude than the denominator, such as 3/2.

improper integral improper integrals n
całka niewłaściwa
(mathematics) An integral where at least one of the endpoints is taken as a limit, either to a specific number or to infinity.

improve /ɪmˈpɹuːv/ v
polepszyć ulepszać polepszać poprawiać poprawić ulepszyć
(transitive) To make (something) better; to increase the value or productivity (of something).
poprawiać poprawić
(obsolete) To disapprove of; to find fault with; to reprove; to censure.
(dated) To use or employ to good purpose; to turn to profitable account.

improvement /ɪmˈpɹuːvmənt/ improvements n
polepszenie poprawa ulepszenie
The act of making profitable use or application of anything, or the state of being profitably employed; practical application, for example of a doctrine, principle, or theory, stated in a discourse.

improvisational more improvisational most improvisational adj
improwizacyjny
Having the nature of an improvisation.

improvise /ˈɪmpɹəvaɪz/ v
improwizować zaimprowizować
To make something up or invent it as one goes on; to proceed guided only by imagination, intuition, and guesswork rather than by a careful plan.

improvised explosive device improvised explosive devices n
fugas
An unconventional or amateur explosive weapon made from nonmilitary components, especially one used by guerillas, commandos or terrorists.

impudence /ˈɪmpjudəns/ /ˈɪmpjədəns/ impudences n
bezczelność zuchwalstwo zuchwałość arogancja bezwstydność hucpiarstwo
The quality of being impudent, not showing due respect.
Impudent language, conduct or behavior.

impudent /ˈɪmpjədn̩t/ /ˈɪmpjʊdənt/ impudenter impudentest more impudent most impudent adj
bezczelny bezwstydny arogancki impertynencki hucpiarski rozpanoszony
Not showing due respect; bold-faced, impertinent.

impulse /ˈɪmpʌls/ impulses n
impuls
A thrust; a push; a sudden force that impels.

impulsively more impulsively most impulsively adv
impulsywnie
In an impulsive manner; with force; by impulse.

impunity /ɪmˈpjuːnɪti/ impunities n
bezkarność
(countable, legal) Exemption from punishment.
(uncountable) Freedom from punishment or retribution; security from any reprisal or injurious consequences of an action, behaviour etc.

impure /ɪmˈpjʊə(ɹ)/ more impure most impure adj
nieczysty
Not pure

impurity /ɪmˈpjuɹɪti/ /ɪmˈpjɝɪti/ impurities n
nieczystość
The condition of being impure; because of contamination, pollution, adulteration or insufficient purification.

impute /ɪmˈpjuːt/ v
imputować przypisać
(transitive) To attribute or ascribe (responsibility or fault) to a cause or source.

imputrescible more imputrescible most imputrescible adj
nierozkładający się

in /ɘn/ /ən/ /ɪn/ more in most in adj
na czasie
In fashion; popular.
nadchodzący przybywający przychodzący
Incoming.

in /ɘn/ /ən/ /ɪn/ preposition
w
Part of; a member of; out of; from among.
w we
Within (a certain elapsed time); by the end of.
do
Into.
w po
Used to indicate a language, script, tone, etc. of a text, speech, etc.

in a flash
w lot
(idiomatic) Instantaneously; very quickly; in almost no time.

in a huff
nabzdyczony
In an angry or annoyed state, feeling angry or upset.

in a manner of speaking
niejako poniekąd
As it were; figuratively speaking; in a manner, in a way, in a certain respect.

in a nutshell adv
w pigułce
(idiomatic) In summary; briefly or simply.

in a pinch
w ostateczności
(idiomatic) In an urgent or difficult situation; when no other solution is available.

in a row
pod rząd z rzędu
successively, one after the other.

in a way
niejako poniekąd w pewnym sensie
To a certain degree; to an extent; in a certain sense.

in a word
jednym słowem
(abbreviative action or effect): In summarization: briefly, concisely, summarily, in short; to sum up

in abundance more in abundance most in abundance adv
w bród

in accordance with preposition
zgodnie z

in addition adv
ponadto
(conjunctive, idiomatic) Also; as well; besides.

in agreement
w zgodzie z
Of one mind; thinking alike.

in all one's glory phraseologicalUnit
w całej okazałości w pełnej krasie
(literal) In full splendour and power (e.g. of a deity or monarch).
w całej okazałości
(informal, idiomatic, euphemistic) Completely naked.

in all probability adv
najprawdopodobniej
Very probably; almost certainly.

in all weathers adv
niezależnie od pogody

in and of itself
sam w sobie

in any case
w każdym razie tak czy owak bądź co bądź tak czy inaczej tak czy siak
Whatever is the case.

in any event
tak czy owak
at any rate, anyhow

in articulo mortis /ˌɪnɑːˌtɪkjʊləʊˈmɔːtɪs/ adv
w obliczu śmierci
At the moment of death. (In law, especially canon, or church, law, this expression can mean that someone has been given special permission by a competent authority to enter an organization or to receive some sort of exemption or permission at some point not long before they die, such as receiving diaconal or presbyteral ordination or entering religious profession.)

in bed
w łóżku
(idiomatic) Regarding sexual activities.

in between preposition
pomiędzy
Between
In the space between

in brackets /ɪn ˈbɹækɪts/
w nawiasach
(This entry is a translation hub.)

in broad daylight /ɪn bɹɑd ˈdeɪˌlaɪt/ /ɪn bɹɔd ˈdeɪˌlaɪt/ /ɪn bɹɔːd ˈdeɪlaɪt/
w biały dzień
In ample natural illumination, during the daytime.
(figurative) In a blatant and publicly visible manner during the day.

in case /ɪn ˈkeɪs/ conjunction
na wypadek w przypadku w razie
To allow for the possibility that.
(mostly, North American) If.

in case of preposition
w razie
If there should be.

in charge more in charge most in charge adj
odpowiedzialny
Having the responsibility of leading or overseeing.
u władzy
Having the power of command or control.

in cold blood
z zimną krwią
(idiomatic) In a ruthless and unfeeling manner, particularly as applied to first-degree murder committed without provocation and with malice aforethought.

in conscience adv
z czystym sumieniem
In fairness; by all that is reasonable. [from 15th c.]

in detail adv
szczegółowo
(idiomatic) Thoroughly; including every detail; with all particulars.

in droves
od groma
In large numbers, or great crowds.

in due course
we właściwym czasie
When the time is right; presently; eventually.

in due time /ɪn djuː taɪm/ /ɪn du taɪm/ /ɪn dʒuː taɪm/
w swoim czasie
Eventually; when ready; at an opportune moment.

in effect adj
aktualny obowiązuje w mocy ważny

in effect adv
faktycznie w istocie w praktyce w rzeczywistości
For all practical purposes; in practice; actually; essentially; basically.

in every sense of the word adv
w całym tego słowa znaczeniu

in exchange adv
w zamian
As an exchange or replacement.

in extremis
in extremis
At the point of death.
In desperate circumstances.

in fact
tak naprawdę w istocie
(modal) Actually, in truth.

in fairness
gwoli sprawiedliwości
(transitive with to) As a counterpoint; for the sake of balance; to lessen the harm.

in favor of preposition
za
For; in support of; approving, supporting.
na korzyść na rzecz
For the benefit of; to the order of.
na rzecz
Out of preference for.

in flight
w locie
Flying, making a flight, as opposed to being on the ground.

in for a penny, in for a pound /ɪn fɔɹ ə ˈpɛ.ni ɪn fɔɹ ə paʊnd/ /ɪn fəɹə ˈpɛ.ni ɪn fəɹə paʊnd/ proverb
jak się powiedziało A, to trzeba powiedzieć B
Having started something, one must see it through to its end, rather than stopping short; one must “go the whole hog”.

in front of preposition
przed
At or near the front part of (something).
Located before, ahead of, previous to (someone or something).
przy w obecności w obliczu
In the presence of, in view of (someone).

in full
w pełni
Fully; to the whole extent.

in general adv
w ogóle
In the general case; without further assumption; without qualification; in all respects.

in good hands
w dobrych rękach
Under the guidance of a capable being.

in heat
w rui

in heaven's name
na miłość boską
(idiomatic) An intensifier used with questions.

in honour of preposition
ku czci na cześć

in jest /ɪn.dʒɛst/
w żartach
(idiomatic) As a joke.

in keeping with preposition
zgodnie z
In accordance with.

in kind adv
w naturze
(of paying or giving) With goods or services (as opposed to cash).
tak samo
(idiomatic) In a reciprocal manner; in a similar way; in the same kind.

in layman's terms
na chłopski rozum po ludzku z polskiego na nasze
(idiomatic) Phrased simply, without jargon.

in lieu of preposition
zamiast w miejsce
Instead of; in place of.

in light of preposition
w świetle
(idiomatic, Australia, Canada, US) given, considering

in living memory
za ludzkiej pamięci
(idiomatic) In recent history, in recorded history amongst the lifespan of extant people; events or situations which can be remembered by people that are still alive.

in love
zakochany
(transitive with with) Enamored (of a person, etc.)

in memoriam /ɪn məˈmɔɹ.i.əm/ /ɪn məˈmɔː.ɹi.əm/ adv
in memoriam ku pamięci
In memory (of); as a memorial.

in midstream
w połowie
(figurative) During the execution of (something); in the middle of (an activity).

in my humble opinion
moim skromnym zdaniem
Used to introduce or qualify a statement, as expressing one's own view, not one backed by external authority or to be accepted without question

in my opinion
moim zdaniem na moje na mój rozum po mojemu w moich oczach w moim odczuciu
according to me

in no small measure adv
w niemałej mierze w niemałym stopniu
(idiomatic) To a very great extent.

in no time
migiem w mgnieniu oka
(idiomatic) Very soon.

in one piece
cały i zdrowy

in one's element
w swoim żywiole
In a situation which is entirely suitable, familiar, or enjoyable.

in one's opinion
w mojej opinii

in one's own right
w sobie
As a consequence of one's own skill, qualification or status, rather than that of another.

in one's right mind
o zdrowych zmysłach przy zdrowych zmysłach
(idiomatic) Thinking clearly, sensibly, and reasonably.

in order for phraseologicalUnit
żeby
To indicate a possible consequence of an event or action.

in order that conjunction
żeby
So that; used to indicate purpose

in order to phraseologicalUnit
żeby aby w celu ażeby by coby
As a means of achieving the specified end; to.

in other news
z innej beczki
(by extension, conjunctive, idiomatic) Used to introduce an unrelated topic: by the way, apropos.

in other words
innymi słowy
(conjunctive, idiomatic) Stated or interpreted another way; Used to introduce an explanation, simplification, or clarification.

in parallel
równocześnie
At the same time; together, concurrently, cotemporally.
równolegle
Aligned or connected side by side, instead of in series.

in particular
szczególnie w szczególności
(focus) Especially, individually or specifically.

in person
osobiście
With one's own body and physical presence; not through media, a representative, or indirectly.

in place of preposition
zamiast na miejsce w miejsce
instead of

in places
gdzieniegdzie miejscami tu i ówdzie
In some places and not everywhere; of a patchy nature.

in plain sight
na widoku
(idiomatic) very easy to see or notice especially when it is supposed to be hidden

in practice
w praktyce
Really, in effect; not just hypothetically.

in print
dostępny
(of a book) available for purchase from the publisher.

in private
w cztery oczy na osobności sam na sam
Privately, where no one else can see or hear.

in regard to preposition
w sprawie
Concerning; about.

in relation to preposition
odnośnie do w związku z
concerning; in reference to.
w porównaniu z
in comparison with

in respect of preposition
w odniesieniu do
Regarding; concerning; pertaining to; with reference to.

in retrospect
z perspektywy czasu
When looked back upon as a past event; as can be seen now, but not at the time.

in return
w zamian
In exchange, as a means of reciprocating.

in series
szeregowo
(electricity) Of components: connected in a chain, instead of in parallel.

in short
w kilku słowach w skrócie
As a summary; as a shortened version of what has been told or what would have been told.

in situ /ɪnˈsiːt(j)uː/ /ɪnˈsɪt(j)uː/ adv
in situ
In its original position or place.

in small doses
w małych dawkach

in someone's vocabulary phraseologicalUnit
w słowniku
(chiefly in the negative) A concept that (someone) would normally consider.

in spite of preposition
pomimo mimo wbrew

in summary
podsumując
To summarize; as a summary.

in terms of preposition
pod względem
(by extension) in relation to a particular aspect; with respect to; as regards; concerning; regarding.

in that case adv
w takim razie

in the absence of
z braku

in the act
na gorącym uczynku
(idiomatic) In the process of doing something considered criminal or otherwise wrong; used to emphasize the eye-witness evidence.

in the arms of Morpheus /-ˈmɔɹˌfjus/ /-ˈmɔː.fjuːs/ /ɪn ði ˈaɹms əv ˈmɔɹ.fɪ.əs/ /ɪn ði ˈaːms əv ˈmɔː.fɪ.əs/
w objęciach Morfeusza
(literary, figurative) Asleep, sleeping.

in the bag
na bani na bank
(slang) Certain or extremely likely to occur.
na bani
(slang) Intoxicated.

in the blink of an eye
w mgnieniu oka w okamgnieniu
(idiomatic) immediately, instantaneously

in the cold light of day /ɪn‿ðə ˈkoʊld laɪt‿əv ˈdeɪ/ /ɪn‿ðə ˈkəʊld laɪt‿əv ˈdeɪ/
w świetle dnia
Viewed calmly and dispassionately after allowing emotions to cool or after having sobered up.

in the dark
po ciemku
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see Without light; somewhere that is dark.

in the driver's seat phraseologicalUnit
mieć kontrolę
(idiomatic) In control of an entity or situation.

in the end
koniec końców w końcu w ostatecznym rozrachunku
Eventually, finally.

in the face of
w obliczu

in the first place /ɪn ðə ˈfɜːst pleɪs/ /ɪn ðə ˈfɜːst plæɪs/ /ɪn ðə ˈfɜ˞st pleɪs/
w pierwszej kolejności
(sequence, idiomatic) to begin with; earlier; firstly; originally; at the start,

in the flesh
we własnej osobie
Present in a physical body; in person.

in the flower of one's youth adv
młodo w młodości

in the future
w przyszłości
At a future time, at some point in the future.

in the heat of the moment
pod wpływem chwili

in the hope of
w nadziei na

in the hope that phraseologicalUnit
w nadziei na

in the know
wtajemniczony
Informed, aware.

in the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is king proverb
w kraju ślepców jednooki jest królem
Even someone with limited abilities or opportunities is dominant over, and considered special by, those who have even fewer abilities and opportunities; the value of any ability depends on its prevalence.

in the long run
na dłuższą metę
(idiomatic) After a very long time; eventually; over a long period of time; more generally.

in the loop
na bieżąco w grupie zainteresowanych zaznajomiony
Informed; up to date; having current knowledge; part of the discussion.

in the making
w trakcie tworzenia
(idiomatic) In development; in the process of being made or evolving.

in the middle of preposition
w trakcie
(often followed by the -ing form of a verb) Engaged in, but not finished with, often with something unpleasant.

in the midst of
w środku
In the middle of; amidst, amongst.

in the moment
chwilą

in the name of
w imieniu
With appeal to; by; often used to introduce oaths
By the authority of.
Under the name or possession of.
w imię
Under the designation or excuse of.

in the name of the law
w imieniu prawa

in the nature of things
w gruncie rzeczy

in the neighbourhood of
w sąsiedztwie

in the nick of time
w samą porę
(idiomatic) At the last possible moment; at the last minute.

in the offing
na horyzoncie
(idiomatic) Soon to come; likely to happen; in the foreseeable future; projected to occur; on the horizon; in the wind.

in the open
pod gołym niebem
Outdoors.

in the palm of one's hand
mieć w garści
Being fully controlled or influenced by something.

in the past
w przeszłości
(This entry is a translation hub.)

in the pay of
na usługi

in the person of
w osobie

in the presence of
w obecności

in the process adv
w rezultacie

in the process of preposition
w trakcie
(often followed by the -ing form of a verb) Engaged in, but not finished with.

in the same boat adj
na tym samym wózku
(idiomatic) In the same situation or predicament; having the same problems.

in the space of preposition
na przestrzeni w ciągu

in the spotlight
na świeczniku

in the wake of preposition
po w następstwie w wyniku w ślad za
(idiomatic) Following
na skutek w wyniku
(idiomatic) As a result of

in the way
na przeszkodzie
(idiomatic) obstructing, blocking, or hindering

in theory
w teorii

in three days adv
popojutrze

in time
na czas o czasie
At or before the time assigned.
w sam czas w samą porę
(with for) Sufficiently early.
z czasem
As time passes.
w rytmie
In rhythm.

in total
w całości
Including all aspects of something.

in touch
na bieżąco w kontakcie
(idiomatic) In contact, or in communication.

in turn
z kolei
One after the other; one at a time; in succession; successively.
In response; in return.
Having a relationship sequentially comparable to one just mentioned; accordingly or similarly, with respect to sequence, precedence, or hierarchy.

in two shakes adv
w mgnieniu oka
(dated, idiomatic) Very quickly; without delay.

in unison
unisono
Moving, acting, or uttering of speech all at the same time.

in vain more in vain most in vain adv
daremnie na próżno bezskutecznie darmo
(idiomatic) Without success or a result; ending in failure.
nadaremno
(idiomatic) In a disrespectful manner, without honoring the proper meaning; insincerely or without proper respect.

in view of preposition
z racji z uwagi na
(idiomatic) considering.

in weal and woe /ɪn ˌwil‿n̩ ˈwoʊ/ /ɪn ˌwiːl‿n̩ ˈwəʊ/
na dobre i na złe
In both prosperity and adversity; in good times and bad.

in wine, there is truth proverb
w winie prawda
Things said under the influence of alcohol reveal true beliefs not expressed when sober.

in witness whereof phraseologicalUnit
na dowód

in writing
na piśmie
employing or utilizing a written message, as opposed to verbally or through other means.

in- prefix
nie-
(non-productive) Used with certain words to reverse their meaning

in-between adj
leżący pomiędzy
Lying between; neither one thing nor the other.

in-depth more in-depth most in-depth adj
dogłębny
Thorough; comprehensive.

in-kind adj
rzeczowy w drodze aportu
(payment or gift) consisting of goods or commodities (as opposed to cash)

in-line engine in-line engines n
silnik rzędowy
(automotive) An engine that has all cylinders in one line or row.

inability /ˌɪnəˈbɪlɪti/ inabilities n
niemożność nieumiejętność niezdolność
Lack of the ability to do something; incapability.

inaccessible /ˌɪnəkˈsɛsɪbl̩/ more inaccessible most inaccessible adj
niedostępny nieosiągalny
Not able to be accessed; out of reach; inconvenient.

inaction /ɪnˈækʃən/ inactions n
bezczynność
Lack of action or activity or labor

inactivation inactivations n
dezaktywacja dezaktywizacja
The process of rendering something inactive.

inactive /ɪnˈæktɪv/ more inactive most inactive adj
bezczynny bierny nieaktywny obojętny
Not active, temporarily or permanently.
bierny obojętny zepsuty
Not functioning or operating; broken down
bierny
(chemistry) Relatively inert.

inactively more inactively most inactively adv
bezczynnie
In an inactive manner.

inactivity inactivities n
bezczynność
The quality of being inactive; idleness; passiveness.

inadequate /ɪnˈædəkwɪt/ more inadequate most inadequate adj
na złym poziomie nie na poziomie niedostateczny niewystarczający
Not adequate; not fit for the purpose.

inadequately more inadequately most inadequately adv
nieadekwatnie niedostatecznie
In an inadequate manner.

inadmissibility inadmissibilities n
niedopuszczalność
(uncountable) The state of being inadmissible

inadmissible more inadmissible most inadmissible adj
niedopuszczalny
Not admissible, especially that cannot be admitted as evidence at a trial.

inaesthetic adj
aestetyczny nieestetyczny

inaesthetically more inaesthetically most inaesthetically adv
aestetycznie nieestetycznie

inalienable /ɪˈneɪ.li.ə.nə.bəl/ /ɪˈneɪ.lɪ.ə.nə.bəl/ adj
niezbywalny
Incapable of being alienated, surrendered, or transferred to another; not alienable.

inane /ɪˈneɪn/ inaner inanest more inane most inane adj
bezmyślny beztreściowy beztreściwy głupi
Lacking sense or meaning, often to the point of boredom or annoyance.

inanely more inanely most inanely adv
bezmyślnie głupio
In an inane manner.

inanimate /ɪnˈænɪmət/ more inanimate most inanimate adj
nieżywotny
(grammar) Not animate.

inapplicable more inapplicable most inapplicable adj
nieodpowiedni
Not applicable; that does not apply or cannot be applied; unsuitable or irrelevant.

inappreciability n
błahość

inappreciable /ˌɪnəˈpɹiːʃəbəl/ adj
błahy
insignificant, undetectable, not able to be noticed

inappreciably more inappreciably most inappreciably adv
błaho

inappropriate /ˌɪnəˈpɹoʊpɹi.ət/ /ˌɪnəˈpɹəʊpɹi.ət/ more inappropriate most inappropriate adj
nieodpowiedni niewłaściwy
Not appropriate; not suitable for the situation, time, or place.

inasmuch as conjunction
o ile
To the extent that; insofar as.

inattention inattentions n
niedbałość nieuwaga
Lack of attention, or failure to pay attention

inattentive /ˌɪn.ə.ˈtɛn.tɪv/ more inattentive most inattentive adj
nieuważny
Of or pertaining to a lack of attention; not paying attention; careless.

inattentiveness n
nieuwaga nieuważność
The property of being inattentive.

inaudible adj
niesłyszalny
Unable to be heard or not loud enough to be heard.

inauguration /ɪnɔːɡ(j)ʊˈɹeɪʃən/ inaugurations n
inauguracja
The act of inaugurating, or inducting into office with solemnity; investiture by appropriate ceremonies.

inbox /ˈɪmbɑks/ /ˈɪmbɒks/ /ˈɪnbɑks/ /ˈɪnbɒks/ inboxes n
skrzynka odbiorcza
(computing) An electronic folder serving the same purpose, but for electronic files, especially email.

inbred /ˈɪnˌbɹɛd/ /ˌɪnˈbɹɛd/ more inbred most inbred adj
chowu wsobnego
(often, pejorative) Having an ancestry characterized by inbreeding.

inbreeding inbreedings n
chów wsobny
(biology) Breeding between members of a relatively small population, especially one in which most members are related.

incalculable /ɪn.kæl.kjə.lə.bl/ [ɪnˈkʰæɫ.kjəˌlə.bl̩] more incalculable most incalculable adj
nieobliczalny
(not comparable) Too much, too vast, or too numerous to enable computation.
(comparable) Of a person's mood or character, etc.: impossible to predict.

incandescence /ˌɪn.kænˈdɛs.əns/ /ˌɪn.kənˈdɛs.əns/ incandescences n
żarzenie
(physics) the emission of visible light by a hot body

incandescent lamp incandescent lamps n
lampa żarowa żarówka
A light bulb whose metallic filament is heated by an electric current.

incantation /ɪnkænˈteɪʃən/ incantations n
inkantacja
The act or process of using formulas and/or usually rhyming words, sung or spoken, with occult ceremonies, for the purpose of raising spirits, producing enchantment, or creating other magical results.
(computing, slang) Any esoteric command or procedure.

incapable /ɪnˈkeɪpəbl̩/ /ɪŋˈkeɪpəbl̩/ more incapable most incapable adj
niezdolny
Not in a state to receive; not receptive; not susceptible; not able to admit.

incapacitate /ˌɪn.kəˈpæ.sɪ.teɪt/ v
ubezwłasnowalniać ubezwłasnowolnić
To make someone or something incapable of doing something; to disable.

incapacitation /ˌɪn.kəˌpæs.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/ incapacitations n
ubezwłasnowolnienie
The act of incapacitating or state of being incapacitated; incapacity; disqualification.

incarcerate /ɪnˈkɑɹ.səˌɹeɪt/ /ɪnˈkɑː.səˌɹeɪt/ v
uwięzić
(chiefly, US) To lock away; to imprison, especially for breaking the law.

incarceration /ɪŋˌkɑː(ɹ)səˈɹeɪʃən/ incarcerations n
inkarceracja pozbawienie wolności
(chiefly, US) The act of confining, or the state of being confined; imprisonment.

incarnation /ˌɪŋ.kɑɹˈneɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɪŋ.kɑːˈneɪ.ʃən/ incarnations n
inkarnacja wcielenie uosobienie
An incarnate being or form.
A person or thing regarded as embodying or exhibiting some quality, idea, or the like.

incel /ˈɪnˌsɛl/ incels n
incel incelka
A member of an online subculture of people (mostly men) who define themselves as unable to find a romantic or sexual partner despite desiring one.

incendiary /ɪnˈsɛn.di.əɹ.i/ /ɪnˈsɛn.di.ɛɹ.i/ /ɪnˈsɛn.djəɹ.i/ /ɪnˈsɛn.dɪ.əɹ.i/ more incendiary most incendiary adj
zapalający
Capable of, or used for, or actually causing fire.
wichrzycielski
(figurative) Intentionally stirring up strife, riot, rebellion.
prowokacyjny
(figurative) Inflammatory, emotionally charged.

incendiary /ɪnˈsɛn.di.əɹ.i/ /ɪnˈsɛn.di.ɛɹ.i/ /ɪnˈsɛn.djəɹ.i/ /ɪnˈsɛn.dɪ.əɹ.i/ incendiaries n
bomba zapalająca
Something capable of causing fire, particularly a weapon.

incense /ɪnˈsɛns/ /ˈɪnsɛns/ incenses n
kadzidło
A perfume used in the rites of various religions.

incense stick incense sticks n
kadzidełko
A thin stick covered with incense that burns slowly and gives off fragrant smoke when set alight.

incentive /ɪnˈsɛntɪv/ incentives n
bodziec zachęta
Something that motivates, rouses, or encourages.
bonus premia
A bonus or reward, often monetary, to work harder.

incentively more incentively most incentively adv
bodźcowo

inception /ɪnˈsɛpʃn/ /ɪnˈsɛpʃən/ inceptions n
początek rozpoczęcie
The creation or beginning of something; the establishment.

incessant /ɪnˈsɛs.ənt/ more incessant most incessant adj
bezustanny
Without pause or stop; not ending, especially to the point of annoyance.

incessantly /ɪnˈsɛs.ənt.li/ adv
bezustannie
In a manner without pause or stop, especially to the point of annoyance; not ceasing.

incessantness n
bezustanność

incest /ˈɪnsɛst/ incests n
kazirodztwo
Sexual relations between close relatives, especially immediate family members and sometimes first cousins, usually considered taboo; in many jurisdictions, close relatives are not allowed to marry, and incest is a crime.

incestuous more incestuous most incestuous adj
kazirodczy
Pertaining to or engaging in incest.

inch /ɪnt͡ʃ/ inch inches n
cal
An English unit of length equal to 1/12 of a foot or 2.54 cm, roughly the width of a thumb.
Any of various similar units of length in other traditional systems of measurement.
włos
(figuratively) Any very short distance.

incident /ˈɪn.sɪ.dənt/ adj
towarzyszący wynikający
Arising as the result of an event, inherent.
padający
(physics, of a stream of particles or radiation) Falling on or striking a surface.

incident /ˈɪn.sɪ.dənt/ incidents n
incydent wydarzenie zajście
(countable, uncountable) An event or occurrence.
An event that causes or may cause an interruption or a crisis, such as a workplace illness or a software error.
incydent
A (relatively minor) event that is incidental to, or related to others.

incidentally more incidentally most incidentally adv
incydentalnie
(manner) In an incidental manner; not of central or critical importance.
nawiasem mówiąc
(speech act, conjunctive) Parenthetically, by the way.

incinerate /ɪnˈsɪnjɚeɪt/ /ɪnˈsɪnəɹeɪt/ /ɪnˈsɪnəɹət/ /ɪnˈsɪnɚeɪt/ v
spalić spalać spopielać spopielić
(transitive) To destroy by burning.

incineration incinerations n
ciałopalenie kremacja
The act of incinerating, or the state of being incinerated; cremation.

incipient /ɪnˈsɪp.i.ənt/ adj
początkowy
In an initial stage; beginning, starting, coming into existence.

incision /ɪnˈsɪʒən/ incisions n
cięcie
A cut, especially one made by a scalpel or similar medical tool in the context of surgical operation; the scar resulting from such a cut.
(football) A cut-back

incisionless adj
bez nacięcia

incisively /ˌɪn.ˈsaɪ.səv.li/ more incisively most incisively adv
wyraziście

incisor /ɪnˈsaɪ.zə(ɹ)/ incisors n
siekacz
(anatomy, zootomy) A narrow-edged tooth at the front of the mouth of mammals, between the canines and adapted for cutting; in humans there are four in each jaw.

incite /ɪnˈsaɪt/ v
podżegać
(transitive) To stir up or excite; to rouse or goad into action.

incitement /ɪnˈsaɪt.mənt/ incitements n
podburzanie podżeganie
A call to act; encouragement to act, often in an illegal fashion.

inclination /ɪn.klɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ inclinations n
pochyłość
A slant or slope.
skłonność
A tendency.
inklinacja nachylenie
(geometry) The angle of intersection of a reference plane

inclined plane inclined planes n
równia pochyła
(mechanics) One of the simple machines; a sloping surface such as a ramp such that an object can be raised with less effort than being lifted vertically.

include /ɪnˈkluːd/ v
angażować dołączać dołączyć uwzględniać wkluczać zaangażować
To bring into a group, class, set, or total as a (new) part or member.
zawierać zawrzeć
To consider as part of something; to comprehend.

including /ɪnˈkluːdɪŋ/ /ɪŋˈkluːdɪŋ/ preposition
w tym włącznie z
Such as, among which; introducing one or more parts of the group or topic just mentioned.

inclusion /ɪnˈkluːʒən/ inclusions n
inkluzja
(countable) An addition or annex to a group, set, or total.
inkluzja wrostek
(countable, mineralogy) Any material that is trapped inside a mineral during its formation, as a defect in a precious stone.

inclusive /ɪnˈkluːsɪv/ more inclusive most inclusive adj
włącznie
Including the extremes as well as the area between.

inclusive or inclusive ors n
inkluzja
(logic, computing) A logical connective joining two or more predicates that yields the logical value "true" when at least one of the predicates is true.

incognito /ˌɪnkɒɡˈniːtoʊ/ /ˌɪnˈkɒɡnɪtoʊ/ adv
incognito
Without revealing one's identity.

incoherent more incoherent most incoherent adj
niekoherentny nieścisły
Not making logical sense; not logically connected or consistent.

incoherently more incoherently most incoherently adv
nieściśle
In an incoherent manner

income /ˈɪnˌkʌm/ incomes n
dochód
Money one earns by working or by capitalising on the work of others.

income statement income statements n
rachunek zysków i strat
(accounting) A calculation which shows the profit or loss of an accounting unit (company, municipality, foundation etc.) during a specific period of time, providing a summary of how the profit or loss is calculated from gross revenue and expenses.

income tax income taxes n
podatek dochodowy
A tax levied on earned and unearned income, net of allowed deductions.

incommensurate more incommensurate most incommensurate adj
nieproporcjonalny niewspółmierny
Out of proportion (in size, degree or extent) with something else.

incomparable /ɪŋkəmˈpærəbəl/ /ɪŋkəmˈpɛrəbəl/ /ɪŋˈkɑmp(ə)rəbəl/ /ɪŋˈkɒmp(ə)rəbəl/ more incomparable most incomparable adj
nieporównywalny
So much better than another as to be beyond comparison.

incompatibility /ˌɪnkəmˌpætɪˈbɪlɪti/ incompatibilities n
niezgodność
The quality or state of being incompatible; inconsistency; irreconcilability.

incompatible /ˌɪnkəmˈpætɪbəl/ /ˌɪŋkəmˈpætɪbəl/ more incompatible most incompatible adj
niekompatybilny niezgodny
Of two things: that cannot coexist; not congruous because of differences; unable to function together due to dissimilarities.

incompetence incompetences n
niekompetencja inkompetencja
Inability to perform; lack of competence; ineptitude.

incompetent more incompetent most incompetent adj
niekompetentny
Unskilled; lacking the degree of ability and responsibility that would normally be expected.

incomplete /ɪn.kəm.ˈpliːt/ more incomplete most incomplete adj
niepełny
Not complete; not finished

incomprehensibility incomprehensibilities n
niezrozumiałość zagadkowość
(uncountable) The condition of being incomprehensible.

incomprehensible /ˌɪnkɑmpɹəˈhɛnsɪbəl/ more incomprehensible most incomprehensible adj
niezrozumiały
impossible or very difficult to understand.

incomprehension n
niezrozumienie
Lack of comprehension or understanding; inability to understand.

inconceivable /ɪn.kənˈsiː.və.bl̩/ more inconceivable most inconceivable adj
niepojęty niewyobrażalny
Unable to be conceived or imagined; unbelievable.

inconclusive more inconclusive most inconclusive adj
niejednoznaczny
Not conclusive, not leading to a conclusion.

inconsequence inconsequences n
niekonsekwencja
The state or quality of being inconsequent.

inconsiderate /ˌɪnkənˈsɪdəɹɪt/ /ˌɪŋ-/ more inconsiderate most inconsiderate adj
bezceremonialny
Not considerate of others.

inconsiderately more inconsiderately most inconsiderately adv
bezceremonialnie
In an inconsiderate manner; without consideration for others.

inconsiderateness n
bezceremonialność

inconsistent /ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənt/ more inconsistent most inconsistent adj
niekonsekwentny niespójny sprzeczny
Not consistent or coherent in thought or behavior.
Not consistent:

inconsolable more inconsolable most inconsolable adj
niepocieszony nieukojony nieutulony
Not consolable; unable to be consoled or comforted, usually due to grief, disappointment, or other distress.

inconspicuous /ˌɪn.kənˈspɪk.ju.əs/ more inconspicuous most inconspicuous adj
niepozorny nierzucający się w oczy
Not prominent nor easily noticeable. [from 1828]

inconspicuously more inconspicuously most inconspicuously adv
niepostrzeżenie
In an inconspicuous manner; so as not to attract attention or appear unusual or out of the ordinary.

incontestable more incontestable most incontestable adj
bezsporny
Not contestable; indisputable; certain

incontinence /ɪnˈkɒntɪnəns/ incontinences n
inkontynencja
(urology) The inability of any of the physical organs to restrain discharges of their contents; involuntary discharge or evacuation (of urine or feces).

incontrovertible /ˌɪŋ.kɒn.tɹəˈvɜː.təbl̩/ more incontrovertible most incontrovertible adj
bezsporny
Not capable of being denied, challenged, or disputed; closed to questioning.

incontrovertibleness n
bezsporność bezsprzeczność niewątpliwość

incontrovertibly /ɪnˌkɒn.tɹəˈvɜː(ɹ).tɪ.bli/ /ˌɪnˌkɑn.tɹəˈvɝ.tə.bli/ more incontrovertibly most incontrovertibly adv
bezspornie bezsprzecznie
In an incontrovertible manner; in a manner not capable of being denied, challenged, or disputed.

inconvenience /ɪnkənˈvinjəns/ /ɪnkənˈviːnɪəns/ /ɪŋk-/ inconveniences n
niedogodność niewygoda
Something that is not convenient, something that bothers.

inconvenient more inconvenient most inconvenient adj
niewygodny
not convenient

incorporation /ɪŋ.kɔɹpəˈɹeɪʃən/ incorporations n
inkorporacja
The act of incorporating, or the state of being incorporated.

incorrect /ˌɪnkəˈɹekt/ /ˌɪnkəˈɹɛkt/ more incorrect most incorrect adj
niepoprawny błędny nieprawidłowy
Not correct; erroneous or wrong.

incorrectly more incorrectly most incorrectly adv
błędnie
In an incorrect manner.

incorrectness incorrectnesses n
błędność
The characteristic of being incorrect.

incorruptible more incorruptible most incorruptible adj
nieprzekupny
Incapable of being bribed or morally corrupted; inflexibly just and upright.

increase /ɪnˈkɹiːs/ /ˈɪnkɹiːs/ increases n
wzrost przyrost zwiększenie
An amount by which a quantity is increased.

increasingly adv
coraz
Increasing in amount or intensity.

incredible /ɪŋˈkɹɛdəbəl/ /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbəl/ [ɪ̈ŋˈkɹ̥ʷɛɾəbəɫ] [ɪ̈ŋˈkɹ̥ʷɛɾəbɫ̩] more incredible most incredible adj
niewiarygodny
(literal) Too implausible to be credible; beyond belief; unbelievable. [from 15th c.]

incriminate /ɪŋˈkɹɪmɪneɪt/ v
obwiniać oskarżać inkryminować obwinić oskarżyć
(transitive) To accuse or bring criminal charges against.
obciążać obciążyć
(transitive) To indicate the guilt of.

incubator /ˈɪn.kjuːˌbeɪ.tə(ɹ)/ [ˈɪn.kjuːˌbeɪ.ɾə(ɹ)] [ˈɪn.kjuːˌbeɪ.ɾɚ] incubators n
inkubator
(medicine) An apparatus used to maintain environmental conditions suitable for a newborn baby.
An apparatus used to maintain environmental conditions suitable for the hatching of eggs.
(business) A support programme for the development of entrepreneurial companies.

incubus /ˈɪn.kjə.bəs/ /ˈɪŋ.kjʊ.bəs/ incubi incubuses n
inkub
(medieval folklore) An evil spirit supposed to oppress people while asleep, especially to have sex with women as they sleep.
koszmar
A feeling of oppression during sleep, sleep paralysis; night terrors, a nightmare.

incunabulum /ˌɪn.kjʊˈnæb.jʊ.ləm/ incunabula n
inkunabuł
(printing) A book, single sheet, or image that was printed before the year 1501 in Europe.

incurable /ˌɪnˈkjʊəɹəbl/ /ˌɪnˈkjʊɹəbl/ adj
nieuleczalny
Of an illness, condition, etc, that is unable to be cured; healless.

indebted /ɪnˈdɛtɪd/ more indebted most indebted adj
zobowiązany
Obligated, especially financially.

indecent /ɪnˈdiːsənt/ more indecent most indecent adj
nieprzyzwoity
Offensive to good taste.
nieprzyzwoity nieobyczajny
Not in keeping with conventional moral values; improper, immodest, or unseemly.

indecent exposure indecent exposures n
ekshibicjonizm publiczne obnażanie się
(legal) The crime of intentionally exposing one's own private parts in public; in some cases also including the act of public urination and defecation.

indecently more indecently most indecently adv
niemoralnie nieobyczajnie nieprzyzwoicie
In an indecent manner.

indecision /ɪndɪˈsɪʒ(ə)n/ indecisions n
niezdecydowanie
The inability to decide on a course of action, especially if two or more possibilities exist.

indecisive /ˌɪndɪˈsaɪsɪv/ more indecisive most indecisive adj
niezdecydowany
(of a person) Not decisive; not marked by promptness or decision.
nierozstrzygający nierozstrzygnięty
(of a contest etc.) inconclusive or uncertain

indeclinable adj
nieodmienny
(grammar, of a word) Not grammatically declinable.

indeed /ɪnˈdid/ /ɪnˈdiːd/ adv
naprawdę w istocie w rzeczy samej zaiste
(modal) Truly; in fact; actually.
naprawdę w rzeczy samej
(degree, after the adjective modified) In fact.

indefensible more indefensible most indefensible adj
nie do obrony
Not defensible; not capable of being defended.
niedopuszczalny nieuzasadniony niewybaczalny
(figurative) Incapable of being justified or excused.

indefinable adj
nieokreślony nieuchwytny
That which defies description; indescribable.

indefinite /ɪnˈdɛfɪnɪt/ more indefinite most indefinite adj
nieokreślony bezterminowy nieograniczony
Without limit; forever, or until further notice; not definite.
nieokreślony niewyraźny
Vague or unclear.
(linguistics) Designating an unspecified or unidentified person or thing or group of persons or things
nieoznaczona
(mathematics) Being an integral without specified limits.

indefinite article indefinite articles n
rodzajnik nieokreślony
(grammar) A word preceding a noun to indicate that the noun refers to any member of the class of objects named by the noun.

indefinite integral indefinite integrals n
całka nieoznaczona
(mathematics) A function whose derivative is a given function; an antiderivative

indefinite pronoun indefinite pronouns n
zaimek nieokreślony
(grammar) A pronoun that does not specify the identity of its referent.

indefinitely /ɪnˈdɛfɪnɪtli/ adv
bezterminowo
For a long time, with no defined end.

indefiniteness n
bezterminowość
The characteristic of being indefinite.

indelible /ɪnˈdɛləbl/ more indelible most indelible adj
nieusuwalny niezmywalny
Having the quality of being difficult to delete, remove, wash away, blot out, or efface.
niezatarty
(figurative) Incapable of being canceled, lost, or forgotten.

indemnification /ənˌdɛmnəfəˈkeɪʃən/ /ɪnˌdɛmnɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ indemnifications n
indemnizacja
A reimbursement of loss, damage, or penalty.

indemnify /ɪnˈdɛm.nɪ.faɪ/ v
ubezpieczyć zabezpieczyć
To secure against loss or damage; to insure.
wynagrodzić wypłacić odszkodowanie
(chiefly, legal) To compensate or reimburse someone for some expense or injury.

indentation /ˌɪndɛnˈteɪʃən/ indentations n
akapit
(typography) The act of beginning a line or series of lines at a little distance within the flush line of the column or page, as in the common way of beginning the first line of a paragraph.
tiret
(law) A division unit of a piece of law distinguished by its indentation or by a dash.

independence /ɪndɪˈpɛndəns/ independences n
niepodległość niezależność niezawisłość
The quality or state of being independent; lack of dependence; the state of not being reliant on, or controlled by, others.
niezależność niepodległość
The state of having sufficient means for a comfortable livelihood.

independence day independence days n
dzień niepodległości
An annual celebration commemorating the anniversary of a nation's assumption of independent statehood.

independent /ˌɪn.dɪˈpɛn.dənt/ more independent most independent adj
niezależny niepodległy niezawisły
Not dependent; not contingent or depending on something else; free.
niezrzeszony
(politics) Not affiliated with any political party.

independent variable independent variables n
zmienna niezależna
(algebra) In an equation, any variable whose value is not dependent on any other in the equation.

independently /ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəntli/ more independently most independently adv
niepodlegle niezależnie niezawiśle
In an independent manner.

indescribable /ɪndɪˈskɹaɪbəbl̩/ more indescribable most indescribable adj
nieopisany
Impossible (or very difficult) to describe.
nieopisywalny
Exceeding all description.

indescribably more indescribably most indescribably adv
nieopisanie
In an indescribable manner.

indestructible adj
niezniszczalny
Not destructible; incapable of decomposition or of being destroyed; invincible.

indetectable more indetectable most indetectable adj
nieodczuwalny niewykrywalny

indeterminism indeterminisms n
indeterminizm

index /ˈɪndɛks/ index's indexes indices n
indeks spis skorowidz
An alphabetical listing of items and their location.
indeks
(economics) A single number calculated from an array of prices or of quantities.
(science) A number representing a property or ratio; a coefficient.
(computing, especially, programming, and, databases) An integer or other key indicating the location of data, e.g. within an array, vector, database table, associative array, or hash table.
indeks wykładnik
(mathematics) A raised suffix indicating a power.

index /ˈɪndɛks/ v
indeksować
(chiefly, economics) To normalise in order to account for inflation; to correct for inflation by linking to a price index in order to maintain real levels.

index case index cases n
przypadek wskazujący
(epidemiology) The first documented patient in a disease epidemic within a population or the first case of interest in an epidemiological investigation; the case of patient zero.

indexation indexations n
indeksacja

indicate /ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/ v
wskazywać
To point out; to discover; to direct to a knowledge of; to show; to make known.
ukazywać
To show or manifest by symptoms; to point to as the proper remedies.
sygnalizować
To signal in a vehicle the desire to turn right or left.

indication /ɪndɪˈkeɪʃən/ indications n
znak
(rare) A mark or another symbol used to represent something.

indicative /ɪnˈdɪk.ə.tɪv/ indicatives n
tryb oznajmujący tryb orzekający
(grammar, uncountable) The indicative mood.

indicative mood indicative moods n
tryb orzekający tryb oznajmujący
(grammar) The mood of a verb used in ordinary, factual, or objective statements.

indicator /ˈɪn.dɪ.ˌkeɪ.tə(ɹ)/ indicators n
wskaźnik indykator
A pointer or index that indicates something.
wskazówka
The needle or dial on such a meter.
indykator wskaźnik
(chemistry) Any of many substances, such as litmus, used to indicate the concentration of a substance, or the degree of a reaction.
kierunkowskaz
(UK, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland , automotive ) A turn signal; each of the flashing lights on each side of a vehicle which indicate a turn is being made to left or right, or a lane change etc.

indictment /ɪnˈdaɪt.mənt/ indictments n
akt oskarżenia
(legal) The official legal document outlining the charges concerned; bill of indictment. [from 16th c.]
oskarżenie akt oskarżenia
(countable, uncountable) An accusation of wrongdoing; a criticism or condemnation. [from 19th c.]

indifference /ɪnˈdɪf.ə.ɹəns/ /ɪnˈdɪf.ɹəns/ indifferences n
obojętność
The state of being indifferent.

indifferent /ɪnˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt/ /ɪnˈdɪf.ɹənt/ more indifferent most indifferent adj
marny mierny
Mediocre (usually used negatively in modern usage).
obojętny
Not making a difference; without significance or importance.
(obsolete) Not different, matching.

indigenous /ɪnˈdɪdʒɪnəs/ /ɪnˈdɪd͡ʒənəs/ /ɪnˈdɪd͡ʒɪnəs/ adj
macierzysty miejscowy
Born or originating in, native to a land or region, especially before an intrusion. [from 17th c.]
In particular, of or relating to a people (or their language or culture) that inhabited a region prior to the arrival of people of other cultures which became dominant (e.g., through colonialism), and which maintains a distinct culture.

indigestible more indigestible most indigestible adj
ciężki niestrawny
Difficult or impossible to digest.

indigestion indigestions n
dyspepsja niestrawność
A condition of heartburn, nausea, or other stomach-related pain, sometimes caused by eating too quickly.

indignity /ɪnˈdɪɡ.nɪ.ti/ indignities n
poniżenie
an affront to one's dignity or pride

indigo /ˈɪn.dɪˌɡəʊ/ /ˈɪndɪˌɡoʊ/ more indigo most indigo adj
indygo
having a deep purplish-blue colour

indigo /ˈɪn.dɪˌɡəʊ/ /ˈɪndɪˌɡoʊ/ indigoes indigos n
indygo
A purplish-blue colour.
An indigo-colored dye obtained from certain plants (the indigo plant or woad), or a similar synthetic dye.

indirect /ˌɪndaɪˈɹɛkt/ /ˌɪndəˈɹɛkt/ /ˌɪndɪˈɹɛkt/ more indirect most indirect adj
pośredni
Not direct

indirect cost indirect costs n
koszt pośredni

indirect free kick indirect free kicks n
rzut wolny pośredni
(soccer) a free kick from which a goal may be scored only after the ball has been played by at least one other player

indirect object indirect objects n
dopełnienie dalsze
(grammar) A grammatical role of a ditransitive verb that manifests a secondary or passive participant in an action, often a recipient or goal.

indirectly /ˌɪndaɪˈɹɛktli/ /ˌɪndɪˈɹɛktli/ adv
niebezpośrednio pośrednio
In an indirect manner.

indiscreet indiscreeter indiscreetest adj
niedyskretny
Not discreet; lacking in discretion.

indiscriminately more indiscriminately most indiscriminately adv
bezkrytycznie
In an indiscriminate manner.

indispensable /ɪndɪˈspɛnsəbəl/ more indispensable most indispensable adj
nieodzowny niezbędny
(ecclesiastical, obsolete) Not admitting ecclesiastical dispensation; not subject to release or exemption; that cannot be allowed by bending the canonical rules. [16th–17th c.]

indisposed more indisposed most indisposed adj
niedysponowany
Mildly ill.
niechętny nieskory nieskłonny
Not disposed, predisposed, or inclined; unwilling.

indisputability n
bezdyskusyjność

indisputable /ˌɪn.dɪˈspju.tə.bəɫ/ /ˌɪn.dɪˈspjuː.tə.bəɫ/ more indisputable most indisputable adj
bezdyskusyjny bezsporny
Not disputable; not open to question; obviously true

indisputableness n
bezsporność bezsprzeczność niewątpliwość

indisputably adv
bezdyskusyjnie bezspornie bezsprzecznie
In a manner that is incapable of being disputed or argued against.

indissociable more indissociable most indissociable adj
nierozłączny

indistinct /ˌɪndɪsˈtɪŋkt/ more indistinct most indistinct adj
niewyraźny
(of an image etc) not clearly defined or not having a sharp outline; faint or dim

indistinguishable more indistinguishable most indistinguishable adj
nieodróżnialny
Not distinguishable; not capable of being perceived, known, or discriminated as separate and distinct

indium /ˈɪndi.əm/ indiums n
ind
A chemical element (symbol In) with an atomic number of 49: a soft silvery-white metal.

individual /ɪndɪˈvɪdjʊ(ə)l/ /ɪndɪˈvɪd͡ʒʊ(ə)l/ /ˌɪndə-/ /ˌɪndɪˈvɪd͡ʒ(u)əl/ more individual most individual adj
indywidualny oddzielny pojedynczy
Relating to a single person or thing as opposed to more than one.
indywidualny
Intended for a single person as opposed to more than one person.

individual /ɪndɪˈvɪdjʊ(ə)l/ /ɪndɪˈvɪd͡ʒʊ(ə)l/ /ˌɪndə-/ /ˌɪndɪˈvɪd͡ʒ(u)əl/ individuals n
jednostka indywiduum
A person considered alone, rather than as belonging to a group of people.
indywidualny osoba fizyczna
(legal) A single physical human being as a legal subject, as opposed to a legal person such as a corporation.

individualism individualisms n
indywidualizm
The tendency for a person to act without reference to others, particularly in matters of style, fashion or mode of thought.
The moral stance, political philosophy, or social outlook that promotes independence and self-reliance of individual people, while opposing the interference with each person's choices by society, the state, or any other group or institution.

individualist anarchism n
anarchoindywidualizm

individualistic more individualistic most individualistic adj
indywidualistyczny
More interested in individual people than in society as a whole

individuality /ˌɪndɪvɪd͡ʒuˈælɪti/ individualities n
indywidualność
(uncountable) The characteristics that contribute to the differentiation or distinction of someone or something from a group of otherwise comparable identity.

individualization individualizations n
indywidualizacja
The act of individualizing; the state of being individualized.

individually /ˌɪndə-/ /ˌɪndɪˈvɪd͡ʒ(u)əli/ adv
indywidualnie
As individuals, separately, independently.

indivisible /ˌɪndɪˈvɪzɪbəl/ adj
niepodzielny
(arithmetic) Incapable of being divided by a specific integer without leaving a remainder.

indoctrinate v
indoktrynować
To teach with a biased, one-sided or uncritical ideology; to brainwash.

indoctrination indoctrinations n
indoktrynacja
The act of indoctrinating, or the condition of being indoctrinated

indole /ˈɪndɒl/ /ˈɪndəʊl/ indoles n
indol benzopirol
(organic compound) An organic compound, C8H7N, found in coal tar, and produced in the gut by the bacterial decomposition of tryptophan; it is an aromatic bicyclic heterocycle having a benzene ring fused with a pyrrole ring; indole and its derivatives occur widely in nature and have many industrial applications.

indolence /ˈɪndl̩(ə)ns/ /ˈɪndl̩əns/ /ˈɪndəl(ə)ns/ indolences n
gnuśność opieszałość
Habitual laziness or sloth.

indomitability /ɪn.dɑmɪtəbl̩.ɪ.ti/ /ɪn.dɒmɪtəbl̩.ɪ.ti/ n
niezłomność
The quality of being indomitable.

indomitable /ɪnˈdɑmɪtəbl̩/ /ɪnˈdɒmɪtəbl̩/ more indomitable most indomitable adj
nieugięty
Incapable of being subdued, overcome, or vanquished.

indri /ˈɪndɹi/ indris n
indris krótkoogonowy
One of the largest living lemurs (Indri indri), native to Madagascar.

indubitably /ɪnˈdjuː.bɪ.tə.bli/ /ɪnˈdu.bɪ.tə.bli/ more indubitably most indubitably adv
bez wątpienia
In a manner that leaves no possibility of doubt; undoubtedly.

induced coma induced comas n
śpiączka farmakologiczna

inducement inducements n
asumpt
An incentive that helps bring about a desired state. In some contexts, this can imply bribery.

induction /ɪnˈdʌkʃən/ inductions n
indukcja
(physics) Generation of an electric current by a varying magnetic field.
(logic) Derivation of general principles from specific instances.
(obsolete) An introduction.

inductionless adj
bezindukcyjny

inductor inductors n
cewka induktor
(electronics) A passive device that introduces inductance into an electrical circuit.

indulge /ɪnˈdʌld͡ʒ/ v
folgować rozpuszczać
(transitive) To satisfy the wishes or whims of.
folgować ulec ulegać
To give way to (a habit or temptation); to not oppose or restrain.

induration /ɪndjʊˈɹeɪʃən/ indurations n
stwardnienie
(medical) Hardening of an area of the body as a reaction to inflammation, hyperemia, or neoplastic infiltration.

industrial /ɪnˈdʌstɹɪəl/ more industrial most industrial adj
przemysłowy industrialny
Of or relating to industry, notably manufacturing.

industrial espionage n
wywiad gospodarczy
The use of clandestine methods to acquire secret information for commercial advantage.

industrial music n
industrial
A noisy, experimental genre of music with transgressive themes.

industrialism industrialisms n
industrializm
The socio-economic system based upon the industrial production of manufactured goods, rather than on agriculture.

industrialist industrialists n
przemysłowiec
A person involved in the ownership or management of an industrial enterprise.

industrialization industrializations n
industrializacja uprzemysłowienie
A process of social and economic change whereby a human society is transformed from a preindustrial to an industrial state.

industrialize /ɪnˈdʌstɹiəlaɪz/ v
uprzemysławiać uprzemysłowić industrializować uprzemysłowiać zindustrializować
(of a country) To develop industry; to become industrial.
industrializować uprzemysławiać uprzemysłowiać uprzemysłowić zindustrializować
(of a process) To organize along industrial lines.

industrialized adj
uprzemysłowiony
Having undergone industrialization

industrious /ɪnˈdʌstɹi.əs/ more industrious most industrious adj
pilny
Hard-working and persistent.

industry /ˈɪndəstɹi/ industries n
branża przemysł
(countable, business, economics) Businesses of the same type, considered as a whole. Trade.
przemysł
(uncountable, economics) Businesses that produce goods as opposed to services.

inedible adj
niejadalny
not edible; not appropriate, worthy, or safe to eat

ineffable /ɪˈnɛf.ə.bəl/ /ˌɪnˈɛf.ə.bəl/ adj
nieopisany
Beyond expression in words; unspeakable. [from 1450]
ten, którego imienia się nie wymienia
Forbidden to be uttered; taboo.

ineffective more ineffective most ineffective adj
bezpłodny bezskuteczny nieefektywny
not having the desired effect; ineffectual

ineffectively more ineffectively most ineffectively adv
bezpłodnie

ineffectiveness ineffectivenesses n
bezpłodność
The condition of being ineffective

ineffectual more ineffectual most ineffectual adj
bezpłodny bezskuteczny nadaremny nieskuteczny
Unable or insufficient to produce effect.
Worthless; ineffective.
bezpłodny bezskuteczny nadaremny nieskuteczny nieudolny
Weak, indecisive; lacking forcefulness.

ineffectually more ineffectually most ineffectually adv
bezpłodnie bezskutecznie

inefficacy inefficacies n
bezskuteczność
The condition of being ineffective

inefficient /ˌɪn.ɪˈfɪʃ.ənt/ more inefficient most inefficient adj
niewydajny niewydolny
Not efficient; not producing the effect intended or desired; inefficacious

inept /ɪnˈɛpt/ more inept most inept adj
neptek nieudolny niezaradny
Not able to do something; not proficient; displaying incompetence.

inequality /ˌɪn.ɪˈkwɑ.lɪ.ti/ /ˌɪn.ɪˈkwɒl.ɪ.ti/ [ˌɪn.ɪˈkwɑ.lɪ.ɾi] inequalities n
nierówność
An unfair, not equal, state.
(mathematics) A statement that of two quantities one is specifically less than (or greater than) another. Symbol: < or \leq or > or \geq or \ne, as appropriate.

ineradicable adj
niemożliwy do wykorzenienia
Not able to be eradicated; (of a root, plant, etc.) too deep to remove.

inert /ənˈɝt/ /ɪnˈɜːt/ /ɪnˈɝt/ /ɪˈnɜːt/ /ɪˈnɝt/ more inert most inert adj
bezwładny
Unable to move or act; inanimate.
Sluggish or lethargic.
bierny obojętny
(chemistry) Not readily reacting with other elements or compounds.

inertia /ɪnˈɜː.ʃə/ /ɪnˈɝ.ʃə/ /ɪˈnɜː.ʃə/ /ɪˈnɝ.ʃə/ inertiae inertias inertiæ n
bezwładność inercja
(figuratively) In a person, unwillingness to take action.

inertial adj
bezwładnościowy inercyjny
Of, relating to, or depending on inertia.

inertialess more inertialess most inertialess adj
bezinercyjny

inertly more inertly most inertly adv
bezwładnie
In an inert manner.

inertness inertnesses n
bezwładność
Lack of activity or exertion; habitual indisposition to action or motion
Absence of the power of self-motion; inertia.
bezwładność bierność inercja obojętność pasywność
(chemistry) Quality of being unreactive with other chemical compounds or elements.

inevitable /ɪnˈɛvɪtəbəl/ adj
nieunikniony
Impossible to avoid or prevent.

inevitably /ɪˈnɛvətəbli/ /ɪˈnɛvɪtəbli/ adv
nieuchronnie
In a manner that is impossible to avoid or prevent.

inexcusable more inexcusable most inexcusable adj
niewybaczalny
not excusable

inexecution n
niewykonanie
Failure to execute or carry out.

inexhaustible /ɪnɪɡˈzɔːstɪbl̩/ adj
niewyczerpany
Impossible to exhaust; unlimited.

inexorable /ɪnˈɛksɔɹəbəl/ /ɪnˈɛksɹəb(ə)l/ /ɪˈnɛksɚəb(ə)l/ more inexorable most inexorable adj
nieubłagany
Impossible to prevent or stop; inevitable. [from mid 16th c.]
nieugięty
Unable to be persuaded; relentless; unrelenting. [from mid 16th c.]

inexorably /ɪnˈɛk.sə.ɹə.bli/ [ɪnˈɛɡ.zə.ɹə.bli] more inexorably most inexorably adv
nieubłaganie niepowstrzymanie
In an inexorable manner; without the possibility of stopping or prevention.

inexpedient more inexpedient most inexpedient adj
niecelowy
Not expedient; not tending to promote a purpose; not tending to the end desired; unsuitable to time and place

inexpensive more inexpensive most inexpensive adj
tani niedrogi
low in price

inexperience inexperiences n
brak doświadczenia
A lack of experience.

inexperienced /ɪnəkˈspɪəɹi.ənst/ more inexperienced most inexperienced adj
niedoświadczony niewprawny
Not experienced; lacking knowledge or experience; green.

inexplicable /ɪnˈɛk.splɪ.kə.bəl/ /ˌɪn.ɪkˈsplɪ.kə.bl̩/ more inexplicable most inexplicable adj
niewytłumaczalny
Impossible to explain; not easily accounted for.

inexplicably more inexplicably most inexplicably adv
niewytłumaczalnie
In an inexplicable manner; for an unknown reason.

inexpressible more inexpressible most inexpressible adj
niewysłowiony
Unable to be expressed; not able to be put into words.

inexpugnable /ˌɪnɛkˈspʌɡnəbəl/ /ˌɪnɪkˈspʌɡnəbəl/ more inexpugnable most inexpugnable adj
niepokonany
Impossible to eliminate or destroy; impregnable.

inextricably more inextricably most inextricably adv
nieodłącznie nierozdzielnie nierozerwalnie nierozłącznie ściśle

infallibility /ɪnˌfæləˈbɪləti/ /ˌɪnˌfæləˈbɪləti/ infallibilities n
nieomylność
The property of being infallible; the ability to never make a mistake.

infallible /ɪnˈfæl.ɪ.bl̩/ more infallible most infallible adj
niezawodny nieomylny
Without fault or weakness; incapable of error or fallacy.

infamous /ˈɪnfəməs/ more infamous most infamous adj
niesławny
(UK, historical) Subject to a judicial punishment that deprived the infamous person of certain rights; this included a prohibition against holding public office, exercising the franchise, receiving a public pension, serving on a jury, or giving testimony in a court of law.

infamy /ˈɪnfəmi/ infamies n
niesława infamia
The state of being infamous.

infant /ˈɪn.fənt/ infants n
niemowlę niemowlak
A very young human being, from birth to somewhere between six months and two years of age after birth, needing almost constant care and attention.

infant mortality infant mortalities n
umieralność niemowląt
The occurrence of death of very young children under one year old.

infanta /ɪnˈfantə/ infantas n
infantka
A daughter of a king in Spain and Portugal. [from 17th c.]

infante infantes n
infant
(historical) Any son of the king of Spain or Portugal, except the eldest or heir apparent.

infanticide /ɪnˈfæntɪsaɪd/ infanticides n
dzieciobójstwo
The murder of an infant.
(law, Canada) The criminal offence of killing of a newborn, committed by its mother while psychologically disturbed by the effects of childbirth or lactation, not regarded as murder.
dzieciobójca dzieciobójczyni
The murderer of a child: a person who has committed infanticide.

infantile /ˈɪnfəntaɪl/ more infantile most infantile adj
dziecięcy
Pertaining to infants.
dziecinny infantylny
Childish; immature.

infantry /ˈɪnfəntɹi/ infantries n
piechota
Soldiers who fight on foot (on land), as opposed to cavalry and other mounted units, regardless of external transport (e.g. airborne).
(uncountable) The part of an army consisting of infantry soldiers, especially opposed to mounted and technical troops.

infantry fighting vehicle infantry fighting vehicles n
bojowy wóz piechoty
(military) An armoured combat vehicle designed to carry infantry soldiers and provide fire support for them.

infantryman infantrymen n
piechur
(military) a soldier employed in an infantry role
(by restriction) a male soldier of the infantry

infarction infarctions n
zawał
(pathology) The process which causes an infarct.

infatuation infatuations n
zauroczenie
An immensely strong love or sexual attraction.

infect /ɪnˈfɛkt/ v
zarazić zakazić zarażać zakażać
(transitive) To bring (the body or part of it) into contact with a substance that causes illness (a pathogen), so that the pathogen begins to act on the body; (of a pathogen) to come into contact with (a body or body part) and begin to act on it.

infection /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/ infections n
zakażenie infekcja
(pathology) The act or process of infecting.
An uncontrolled growth of harmful microorganisms in a host.

infectious more infectious most infectious adj
zakaźny infekcyjny zaraźliwy
(pathology, of an illness) Caused by an agent that enters the host's body (such as a bacterium, virus, parasite, or prion); often, also, transmitted among hosts via any of various routes (for example, contact, droplet-borne, airborne, waterborne, foodborne, fomite-borne, or bloodborne).
zaraźliwy
(of feelings and behaviour) Spreading quickly from one person to another.

infectiousness n
zaraźliwość
The state or condition of being infectious.

infective /ɪnˈfɛktɪv/ more infective most infective adj
infekcyjny zakaźny
Able to cause infection; infectious

infelicitous /ˌɪn.fəˈlɪs.ə.təs/ /ˌɪn.fəˈlɪs.ɪ.təs/ /ˌɪn.fɛlˈɪs.ɪ.təs/ /ˌɪn.fɪˈlɪs.ɪ.təs/ more infelicitous most infelicitous adj
niefortunny nieszczęsny nieudany
Unhappy or unfortunate.

infer /ɪnˈfɜː/ /ɪnˈfɝ/ v
dedukować wnioskować wydedukować wywnioskować
(transitive) To introduce (something) as a reasoned conclusion; to conclude by reasoning or deduction, as from premises or evidence. [from 16th c.]

inferior /ɪnˈfɪə.ɹi.ə/ /ɪnˈfɪɹ.i.ɚ/ more inferior most inferior adj
podrzędny pośledni
Of low rank, standard or quality.

inferiority inferiorities n
niższość
The quality or state of being inferior.

inferiority complex inferiority complexes n
kompleks niższości kompleks niższości
(psychology) A sense of inferiority; the feeling that one is inferior to others in certain aspects.

infernal /ɪnˈfɜː(ɹ)nəl/ /ɪnˈfɝnəl/ more infernal most infernal adj
piekielny
Of or relating to hell, or the world of the dead; hellish.
diabelski
Diabolical or fiendish.

infertility infertilities n
nieurodzajność
The condition of being infertile; of having poor fertility.
bezpłodność
The inability to conceive children.

infibulation /ɪnfɪbjʊˈleɪʃən/ infibulations n
infibulacja

infidel /ˈɪn.fə.dl̩/ /ˈɪn.fə.ˌdɛl/ infidels n
niewierny
(now, usually, derogatory) One who does not believe in a certain religion.
(now, usually, derogatory) One who does not believe in a certain principle.

infidelity /ˌɪnfɪˈdɛlɪti/ infidelities n
niewierność
Unfaithfulness in a marriage or an intimate (sexual or romantic) relationship: practice or instance of having a sexual or romantic affair with someone other than one's spouse, without the consent of the spouse.
niewiara
Lack of religious belief.

infiltrate /ɪnˈfɪltɹeɪt/ /ˈɪnfəltɹeɪt/ /ˈɪnfɪltɹeɪt/ v
infiltrować zinfiltrować
(transitive, military) To send (soldiers, spies, etc.) through gaps in the enemy line.

infimum /ɪnˈfaɪməm/ /ɪnˈfiːməm/ infima infimums n
infimum kres dolny
(mathematics) (of a subset) the greatest element of the containing set that is smaller than or equal to all elements of the subset. The infimum may or may not be a member of the subset.

infinite /ˈɪnfənɪt/ /ˈɪnfɪnɪt/ more infinite most infinite adj
nieskończony bezgraniczny
Indefinably large, countlessly great; immense. [from 14th c.]
Boundless, endless, without end or limits; innumerable. [from 15th c.]
(mathematics) Greater than any positive quantity or magnitude; limitless. [from 17th c.]

infinite descent n
metoda nieskończonego schodzenia

infinitely /ˈɪnfɪnɪtli/ more infinitely most infinitely adv
nieskończenie
In an infinite manner; as of anything growing without bounds; endlessly.

infinitesimal /ˌɪnfɪnɪˈtɛsɪməl/ more infinitesimal most infinitesimal adj
nieskończenie mały
(mathematics) Of or pertaining to values that approach zero as a limit.
(informal) Very small.

infinitism n
infinityzm
(philosophy) The view that knowledge may be justified by an infinitely long chain of reasoning.

infinitive /ɪnˈfɪnətɪv/ /ɪnˈfɪnɪtɪv/ infinitives n
bezokolicznik infinitiwus
(grammar) A non-finite verb form considered neutral with respect to inflection; depending on language variously found used with auxiliary verbs, in subordinate clauses, or acting as a gerund, and often as the dictionary form.

infinity /ɪnˈfɪnɪti/ infinities n
nieskończoność bezbrzeże
(uncountable) endlessness, unlimitedness, absence of a beginning, end or limits to size.
nieskończoność lemniskata symbol nieskończoności
(uncountable) A number which is very large compared to some characteristic number. For example, in optics, an object which is much further away than the focal length of a lens is said to be "at infinity", as the distance of the image from the lens varies very little as the distance increases further.

infirmary /ɪnˈfɝməɹi/ infirmaries n
infirmeria izba chorych
A place where sick or injured people are cared for, especially a small hospital; sickhouse.
ambulatorium
A clinic or dispensary within another institution.

infix /ɪnˈfɪks/ /ˈɪnfɪks/ infixes n
infiks wrostek
(linguistics, proscribed) A morpheme that always appears between other morphemes in a word, such as -i- and -o- in English (i.e. an interfix).

inflammable /ɪnˈflæməbəl/ more inflammable most inflammable adj
palny
Capable of burning; easily set on fire.

inflammation /ɪnfləˈmeɪʃən/ inflammations n
zapalenie
(pathology) A condition of any part of the body, consisting of congestion of the blood vessels, with obstruction of the blood current, and growth of morbid tissue. It is manifested outwardly by redness and swelling, attended with heat and pain.

inflammatory bowel disease n
nieswoiste zapalenie jelit
(disease) A gastrointestinal inflammatory disorder, a type of colitis not resulting from an infection.

inflate /ɪnˈfleɪt/ v
dmuchać nadmuchać nadmuchiwać nadymać
(transitive) To enlarge an object by pushing air (or a gas) into it; to raise or expand abnormally
napompować balon pompować balon
(intransitive) To enlarge by filling with air (or a gas).

inflation /ɪnˈfleɪʃən/ inflations n
inflacja
An act, instance of, or state of expansion or increase in size, especially by injection of a gas.
(economics) An increase in the quantity of money, leading to a devaluation of existing money.
(economics) An increase in the general level of prices or in the cost of living.
(economics) A decline in the value of money.

inflect /ɪnˈflɛkt/ v
odmieniać odmienić
(transitive, grammar) To vary the form of a word to express tense, gender, number, mood, etc.

inflectable adj
odmienialny odmienny
(linguistics) That can be inflected.

inflection /ɪnˈflɛkʃən/ inflections n
fleksja odmiana
(grammar, uncountable) Change in the form of a word (morphologic change) to express different grammatical categories.
modulacja
A change in pitch or tone of voice.

inflectionless adj
afleksyjny

inflectionlessness n
afleksyjność

inflexible /ɪnˈflɛksəbl̩/ more inflexible most inflexible adj
nieelastyczny nieugięty sztywny
Not flexible; not capable of bending or being bent.
Not willing to change, e.g. one's opinion or habits.
Not able to be changed or adapted to circumstances.

inflorescence /ˌɪnflɔːˈɹɛsəns/ /ˌɪnfləˈɹɛsəns/ inflorescences n
kwiatostan
(botany) Flower cluster; a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches.

influence /ɪnˈflu.əns/ /ˈɪn.flu.əns/ influences n
wpływ
The power to affect, control or manipulate something or someone; the ability to change the development of fluctuating things such as conduct, thoughts or decisions.
An action exerted by a person or thing with such power on another to cause change.
A person or thing exerting such power or action.
indukcja
(electricity) Electrostatic induction.

influence /ɪnˈflu.əns/ /ˈɪn.flu.əns/ v
wpływać oddziaływać wpłynąć
(transitive) To have an effect on by using gentle or subtle action; to exert an influence upon; to modify, bias, or sway; to persuade or induce.

influenceable more influenceable most influenceable adj
dający się wpływać
Capable of being influenced.

influencer /ˈɪnflu.ənsə(ɹ)/ influencers n
influencerka influencer
(social media, marketing) A person who is able to influence consumption, lifestyle, and/or political preferences of their online audience by creating and/or engaging social media content, often as a part of a marketing campaign.

influential /ɪnfluˈɛnʃəl/ more influential most influential adj
wpływowy
Having or exerting influence.

influenza /ˌɪn.flu.ˈɛn.tsə/ influenzas influenze n
grypa
(disease) An acute contagious disease of the upper airways and lungs, caused by a virus, which rapidly spreads around the world in seasonal epidemics.

influx /ˈɪnˌflʌks/ influxes n
wpływ
A flow inward or into something; a coming in.

info /ˈɪnfoʊ/ /ˈɪnfəʊ/ n
info
(informal) information.

inform /ɪnˈfɔɹm/ /ɪnˈfɔːm/ v
donieść donosić
To act as an informer; denounce.
informować poinformować powiadamiać powiadomić
(transitive) To give form or character to; to inspire (with a given quality); to affect, influence (with a pervading principle, idea etc.).

inform on v
donieść donosić
To tell on someone; to act as an informant against.

informal /ɪnˈfɔɹm(ə)l/ /ɪnˈfɔːm(ə)l/ more informal most informal adj
nieformalny potoczny
Not formal or ceremonious.

informant /ɪnˈfɔɹmənt/ /ɪnˈfɔːmənt/ informants n
informator informatorka
One who relays confidential information to someone, especially to the police; an informer.

informatics /ɪnfəˈmætɪks/ /ˌɪnfəɹˈmætɪks/ [ˌɪnfɚˈmæɾɪks] n
informatyka
(computing) A branch of information science and of computer science that focuses on the study of information processing, particularly with respect to systems integration and human interactions with machine and data.

information /ˌɪn.fəˈmeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɪn.fəˈmæɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɪn.fɚˈmeɪ.ʃən/ informations n
informacja wiadomość
Things that are or can be known about a given topic; communicable knowledge of something. [from 14th c.]

information overload n
przeciążenie informacyjne
The inability to process everything one hears and sees; the availability or supply of too much information, or a state of stress which results.

information society information societies n
społeczeństwo informacyjne
(sociology) A society where the creation, distribution, use, integration and manipulation of information is a significant economic, political, and cultural activity.

information superhighway information superhighways n
infostrada
(dated, computing) The Internet and all other computer networks in the 1990s.

information system information systems n
system informacyjny
Any data processing system, either manual or computerized.

information technology information technologies n
technologia informacyjna
(computing) The practice of creating and/or studying computer systems and applications.

information warfare n
wojna informacyjna
The use and management of information in pursuit of an advantage over an opponent, such as propaganda, disinformation, and gathering assurances that one's own information is accurate.

informational /ˌɪnfə(ɹ)ˈmeɪʃənəl/ more informational most informational adj
informacyjny
Designed to or able to impart information; possessing information.

informatisation /ˌɪnfə(ɹ)mataɪˈzeɪʃən/ n
informatyzacja
The process of becoming based on information and information technology.

informative /ɪnˈfoːmətɪv/ /ɪnˈfɔɹmətɪv/ /ɪnˈfɔːmətɪv/ [ɪnˈfoːməɾɪv] [ɪnˈfɔɹməɾɪv] more informative most informative adj
pouczający
Providing information; especially, providing useful or interesting information.

informed consent informed consents n
świadoma zgoda

informer informers n
informator
One who informs someone else about something.
informator informatorka
A person who tells authorities about improper or illegal activity.

infra- prefix
infra-
below, beneath, inferior

infraction /ɪnˈfɹakʃən/ /ɪnˈfɹækʃən/ infractions n
naruszenie prawa wykroczenie
(legal) A minor offence, petty crime.

infrared /ɪnfɹəˈɹɛd/ adj
podczerwony
Having a wavelength in the infrared spectrum.

infrared /ɪnfɹəˈɹɛd/ infrareds n
podczerwień podczerwony
(uncountable) The electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength longer than visible light, but shorter than microwave radiation, having a wavelength between 700 nm and 1 mm.

infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃɚ/ infrastructures n
infrastruktura
(systems theory) An underlying base or foundation especially for an organization or system. [from 1887]
The basic facilities, services and installations needed for the functioning of a community or society.

infringe /ɪnˈfɹɪnd͡ʒ/ v
naruszać
(transitive) To break or violate a treaty, a law, a right, etc.

infructescence infructescences n
owocostan
(botany) The fruiting stage of an inflorescence
(botany) a group of fruit arranged on a stem in a characteristic pattern

infula infulae infulas n
infuła
A fillet of white wool, worn on the head by ancient Roman priests
A head covering worn by early Christian priests
A ribbon on a bishop's mitre

infuriate /ɪnˈfjʊəɹieɪt/ /ɪnˈfjʊəɹɪət/ v
rozwścieczać rozwścieczyć rozwścieklać rozwścieklić
To make furious or mad with anger; to fill with fury.

infuse /ɪnˈfjuz/ v
zaparzać zaparzyć
(transitive) To steep in a liquid, so as to extract the soluble constituents (usually medicinal or herbal).
(transitive, obsolete) To pour in, as a liquid; to pour (into or upon); to shed.

infusion /ɪnˈfjuːʒən/ infusions n
napar
A product consisting of a liquid which has had other ingredients steeped in it to extract useful qualities.
zaparzanie
The act of steeping or soaking a substance in liquid so as to extract medicinal or herbal qualities.

ingeniosity n
pomysłowość
The quality of being ingenious.

ingenious /ɪnˈd͡ʒiːniəs/ /ɪnˈd͡ʒiːnjəs/ more ingenious most ingenious adj
pomysłowy
(of a person) Displaying genius or brilliance; inventive.
(of a thing) Characterized by genius; cleverly contrived or done.

ingeniousness ingeniousnesses n
pomysłowość
The condition of being ingenious.

ingenuous /ɪnˈd͡ʒɛn.ju.əs/ more ingenuous most ingenuous adj
prostoduszny
Naive and trusting.

ingestion /ɪnˈd͡ʒɛst͡ʃən/ ingestions n
spożycie spożywanie
The process of ingesting, or consuming something orally, whether it be food, drink, medicine, or other substance. It is usually referred to as the first step of digestion.

inglenook /ˈɪŋɡ(ə)lnʊk/ /ˈɪŋɡəlˌnʊk/ inglenooks n
zapiecek
A nook or corner beside an open fireplace; a chimney corner.

ingot /ˈɪŋɡət/ ingots n
sztaba sztabka
A solid block of more or less pure metal, often but not necessarily bricklike in shape and trapezoidal in cross-section, the result of pouring out and cooling molten metal, often immediately after smelting from raw ore or alloying from constituents.

ingrate /ˈɪnɡɹeɪt/ ingrates n
niewdzięcznica niewdzięcznik
An ungrateful person.

ingratitude /ɪnˈɡɹætɪtjuːd/ /ɪnˈɡɹætɪtud/ /ɪnˈɡɹætɪtʃuːd/ ingratitudes n
niewdzięczność
A lack or absence of gratitude; thanklessness.

ingredient /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/ ingredients n
składnik
One of the substances present in a mixture, especially food.

inguinal /ˈɪŋɡwɪnəl/ adj
pachwinowy
Of or pertaining to the groin.

inhabit /ɪnˈhæbɪt/ v
zamieszkiwać
(transitive) To live or reside in.
wypełniać zajmować
(transitive) To be present in.

inhabitant /ɪnˈhæ.bɪ.tənt/ inhabitants n
mieszkaniec mieszkanka
Someone or thing who lives in a place.

inhabited /ɪnˈhæbɪtɪd/ adj
zamieszkany zamieszkały
Having inhabitants; lived in.

inhalation /ˌɪnhəˈleɪʃən/ [ˌɪnɦəˈleɪʃn̩] inhalations n
wdech inhalacja wdychanie
The act of inhaling; inbreathing.

inhale /ɪnˈheɪl/ v
wdychać
(intransitive) To draw air into the lungs, through the nose or mouth by action of the diaphragm.
inhalować wdychać wziewać
(transitive) To draw air or any form of gas (either in a pure form, or mixed with small particles in form of aerosols/smoke -sometimes stemming from a medicament) into the lungs, through the nose or mouth by action of the diaphragm.

inhaler inhalers n
inhalator
(medicine) A device with a canister holding medicine (either in powder or gas form) which is sprayed and inhaled by the patient, often for treating asthma and other respiratory diseases.

inherent /ɪnˈhɛɹənt/ /ɪnˈhɪəɹənt/ adj
nieodłączny inherentny przyrodzony właściwy
Naturally as part or consequence of something.

inherently /ɪnˈhɛɹəntli/ more inherently most inherently adv
nieodłącznie z założenia
In an inherent way; naturally, innately.

inherit /ɪnˈhɛɹɪt/ v
dziedziczyć odziedziczyć
(transitive) To receive (property, a title, etc.), by legal succession or bequest after the previous owner's death.
(transitive, biology) To receive a characteristic from one's ancestors by genetic transmission.

inheritable adj
dziedziczny
Capable of taking by inheritance, or of receiving by descent; capable of succeeding to, as an heir.

inheritance /ɪnˈhɛɹɪtəns/ inheritances n
dziedziczenie
The passing of title to an estate upon death.
(biology, genetic algorithms) The biological attributes passed hereditarily from ancestors to their offspring.
(programming, object-oriented) The mechanism whereby parts of a superclass are available to instances of its subclass.
spadek
(countable) That which a person is entitled to inherit, by law or testament.

inhibition /ɪnhɪˈbɪʃən/ /ɪnɪˈbɪʃən/ inhibitions n
zahamowanie
The act of inhibiting.

inhibitor inhibitors n
inhibitor
(chemistry) Any substance capable of stopping or slowing a specific chemical reaction.

inhomogeneous more inhomogeneous most inhomogeneous adj
niejednorodny
Not homogeneous

inhospitable /ˌɪnhɒsˈpɪtəbəl/ more inhospitable most inhospitable adj
niegościnny
(of a place) Not offering shelter; barren or forbidding. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

inhuman /ɪnˈhjuːmən/ more inhuman most inhuman adj
niehumanitarny nieludzki
Of or pertaining to inhumanity and the indifferently cruel, sadistic or barbaric behavior it brings.

inhumation /ɪn.hjuːˈmeɪ.ʃən/ inhumations n
inhumacja pochówek
The act of burial.

inimical /ɪˈnɪmɪkəl/ more inimical most inimical adj
szkodliwy
Harmful in effect.
nieprzyjazny wrogi złowrogi
Unfriendly, hostile.

inimitable /ɪnˈɪmɪtəbl̩/ more inimitable most inimitable adj
niepodrabialny niepowtarzalny niezrównany
Beyond imitation, surpassing all others; matchless.

initial /ɪˈnɪʃəl/ adj
początkowy
Spatially first, placed at the beginning, in the first position; especially said of the first letter of a word.

initial /ɪˈnɪʃəl/ initials n
inicjał
(typesetting, calligraphy) A distinguished initial letter of a chapter or section of a document.

initial public offering initial public offerings n
pierwsza oferta publiczna
(business, finance) The first offering to members of the public of stock in a company, normally followed by a listing of that stock on a stock exchange.

initialism /ɪˈnɪʃəlɪzəm/ initialisms n
literowiec skrótowiec literowy
(linguistics) A term formed from the initial letters of several words or parts of words, which is itself pronounced letter by letter.

initialize v
inicjalizować
To assign initial values to something.
(computing) To assign an initial value to a variable.

initially /ɪˈnɪʃli/ /ɪˈnɪʃəli/ adv
początkowo
At the beginning.

initials /ɪˈnɪʃəlz/ n
inicjały
An abbreviation of a person's name, constructed by taking the initial letters of first, last, and sometimes middle name(s). See monogram

initiate /ɪˈnɪʃ.i.eɪt/ /ɪˈnɪʃ.i.ət/ /ɪˈnɪʃ.ɪ.eɪt/ /ɪˈnɪʃ.ɪ.ət/ initiates n
wtajemniczony
One who has been through a ceremony of initiation.

initiate /ɪˈnɪʃ.i.eɪt/ /ɪˈnɪʃ.i.ət/ /ɪˈnɪʃ.ɪ.eɪt/ /ɪˈnɪʃ.ɪ.ət/ v
wtajemniczać wtajemniczyć
(transitive) To instruct in the rudiments or principles; to introduce.

initiation /ɪˌnɪʃ.iˈeɪ.ʃən/ initiations n
inicjacja
The form or ceremony by which a person is introduced into any society; mode of entrance into an organized body; especially, the rite of admission into a secret society or order.

initiative /ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/ initiatives n
inicjatywa
A beginning; a first move.
A new development; a fresh approach to something; a new way of dealing with a problem.

inject /ɪnˈd͡ʒɛkt/ v
wstrzyknąć wstrzykiwać
(transitive) To administer an injection to (someone or something), especially of medicine or drugs.

injection /ɪn.ˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/ injections n
zastrzyk wstrzyknięcie iniekcja
The act of injecting, or something that is injected.
iniekcja
(category theory) A morphism from either one of the two components of a coproduct to that coproduct.
(set theory) A function that maps distinct x in the domain to distinct y in the codomain; formally, a f: X → Y such that f(a) = f(b) implies a = b for any a, b in the domain.

injective /ɪnˈd͡ʒɛktɪv/ adj
różnowartościowa
(mathematics) of, relating to, or being an injection: such that each element of the image (or range) is associated with at most one element of the preimage (or domain); inverse-deterministic

injectivity injectivities n
iniektywność
(mathematics, uncountable) The property of being injective.

injunction /ɪnˈd͡ʒʌnk.ʃən/ injunctions n
napomnienie
The act of enjoining; the act of directing, commanding, or prohibiting.
nakaz sądowy
That which is enjoined; such as an order, mandate, decree, command, precept.
(legal) A writ or process, granted by a court of equity, and, in some cases, under statutes, by a court of law, whereby a party is required to do or to refrain from doing certain acts, according to the exigency of the writ.

injure /ˈɪn.dʒə/ /ˈɪn.d͡ʒɚ/ v
ranić zranić
(transitive) To wound or cause physical harm to a living creature.

injurious /ɪnˈdʒɔːɹɪəs/ /ɪnˈdʒʊəɹɪəs/ /ɪnˈd͡ʒɝi.əs/ /ɪnˈd͡ʒʊɹi.əs/ more injurious most injurious adj
szkodliwy
Causing physical harm or injury; harmful, hurtful.

injury /ˈɪn.d͡ʒə.ɹi/ /ˈɪn.d͡ʒɚ.i/ /ˈɪn.d͡ʒɹi/ injuries n
kontuzja szkoda uraz
The violation of a person's reputation, rights, property, or interests.

injury time n
doliczony czas
(sports) Additional time played after each period of a game in order to compensate for stoppages due to player injuries; loosely extended to include time added on to compensate for all types of stoppages, i.e. synonymous with stoppage time.

injury-prone more injury-prone most injury-prone adj
podatny na urazy
Who is susceptible to injury.

injustice /ɪnˈd͡ʒʌs.tɪs/ injustices n
niesprawiedliwość
Absence of justice; unjustice.
Violation of the rights of another person or people.

ink /iŋk/ /ɪŋk/ inks n
atrament tusz inkaust
A pigment (or dye)-based fluid used for writing, printing etc.

ink /iŋk/ /ɪŋk/ v
tuszować
(transitive) To apply ink to; to cover or smear with ink.

inkberry inkberries n
alkiermes
Any plant of the genus Phytolacca, especially Phytolacca americana, the pokeweed.

inkcap inkcaps n
czernidłak
A fungus of one of the genera Coprinus, Coprinellus or Coprinopsis.

inkily more inkily most inkily adv
atramentowo

inkjet printer inkjet printers n
atramentówka drukarka atramentowa
(computer hardware) A device for the printing of documents which that operates by propelling tiny droplets of liquid ink onto paper.

inkling /ˈɪŋklɪŋ/ inklings n
podejrzenie
Usually preceded by forms of to give: a slight hint, implication, or suggestion given.

inkwell inkwells n
kałamarz
A container for ink, designed and usually positioned so that a person may conveniently dip a pen into it whenever a refill is needed.

inky inkier inkiest adj
atramentowy
Of the colour of ink, especially black ink; dark.

inland /-lænd/ /ˈɪnlənd/ /ˈɪnˌland/ more inland most inland adj
śródziemny
Within the land; relatively remote from the ocean or from open water; interior.

inlaut inlauts n
śródgłos
(linguistics) any sound in a word or syllable but the first and the last one

inmate inmates n
więzień więźniarka
A person confined to an institution such as a prison (as a convict) or hospital (as a patient).
współmieszkaniec
A person who shares a residence (such as a hotel guest, a lodger, or a student living on campus), or other place.

inn /ɪn/ inns n
karczma zajazd
Any establishment where travellers can procure lodging, food, and drink.

innards n
bebechy
The internal organs of a human or animal; especially viscera, intestines.
The inner workings of something; the insides or guts.

innate /ɪˈneɪt/ adj
wrodzony
Inborn; existing or having existed since birth.

innate /ɪˈneɪt/ v
począć
(obsolete) To cause to exist; to call into being.

innateness innatenesses n
wrodzoność

inner /ˈɪnə/ /ˈɪnɚ/ innermore innermost adj
wewnętrzny
Being or occurring (farther) inside, situated farther in, located (situated) or happening on the inside of something, situated within or farther within contained within something.

inner child inner children n
wewnętrzne dziecko
(psychology) The childlike aspect of a person's psyche — typically, the personality and the memories of one's childhood — especially in the context of coexisting with, and being suppressed by, an adult aspect of the person.

inner circle inner circles n
wewnętrzny krąg
(idiomatic) The group comprising one's closest friends or associates.

inner ear inner ears n
ucho wewnętrzne
(anatomy) The portion of the ear located within the temporal bone which includes the semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea and is responsible for hearing and balance.

inner emigration n
emigracja wewnętrzna
(derogatory) The choice of some German writers to remain in Nazi Germany despite being opposed to Nazism.

inner tube inner tubes n
dętka
An inflatable rubber tube inserted into the casing of a pneumatic tyre/tire.

innkeeper /ˈɪnkiːpəɹ/ innkeepers n
karczmarka karczmarz oberżysta oberżystka austernik szynkarz
The person responsible for the running of an inn, usually the proprietor.

innocence /ˈɪnəsn̩s/ innocences n
niewinność
Absence of responsibility for a crime, tort, etc.
Lack of understanding about sensitive subjects such as sexuality and crime.
Lack of ability or intention to harm or damage.

innocent /ˈɪnəsənt/ more innocent most innocent adj
niewinny
Free from guilt, sin, or immorality.
Bearing no legal responsibility for a wrongful act.
niewinny naiwny
Naive; artless.

innocent as the child unborn adj
niewinny jak dziecko

innocently /ˈɪnəsəntli/ more innocently most innocently adv
niewinnie
In an innocent manner.

innocuous /ɪˈnɑkjuəs/ /ɪˈnɒkjuəs/ more innocuous most innocuous adj
bezpieczny niegroźny
Harmless; producing no ill effect.

innovation /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən/ innovations n
innowacja
The act of innovating; the introduction of something new, in customs, rites, etc.

innovative /ɪnˈnɒ.və.tɪv/ /ɪˈnəʊ.və.tɪv/ /ˈɪn.oʊˌveɪɾɪv/ /ˈɪn.ə.və.tɪv/ /ˈɪn.əˌveɪ.tɪv / /ˈɪn.əˌveɪɾɪv/ more innovative most innovative adj
innowacyjny
Characterized by the creation of new ideas or inventions.

innovativeness n
awangardowość innowacyjność nowatorstwo

innovator /ˈɪnəˌveɪtəɹ/ innovators n
innowator innowatorka
Someone who innovates; a creator of new ideas.

innuendo /ˌɪnjuˈɛndəʊ/ innuendis innuendoes innuendos n
insynuacja
A derogatory hint or reference to, or (often sexual) insinuation about, a person or thing.

inoculation /ɪˌnɑkjəˈleɪʃən/ /ɪˌnɒkjʊˈleɪʃən/ inoculations n
szczepienie
(immunology) The introduction of an antigenic substance or vaccine into the body to produce immunity to a specific disease.

inoperable adj
nieoperacyjny
(surgery) Incapable of being successfully operated on.
niesprawny
Incapable of operation or function; inoperative.

inorganic /ɪnɔɹˈɡænɪk/ /ɪnɔːˈɡænɪk/ adj
nieorganiczny anorganiczny
(chemistry) relating to a compound that does not contain carbon

inorganic chemistry inorganic chemistries n
chemia nieorganiczna
(chemistry) The chemistry of the elements (including carbon), and those compounds that do not contain carbon.

input /ˈɪnpʊt/ [ˈɪmpʊt] [ˈɪnpʊt] inputs n
wejście wkład
Data fed into a process with the intention of it shaping or affecting the output of that process.

input /ˈɪnpʊt/ [ˈɪmpʊt] [ˈɪnpʊt] v
wprowadzać wprowadzić
(transitive) To enter data.

inquisitive /ɪŋˈkwɪzətɪv/ more inquisitive most inquisitive adj
dociekliwy
Eager to acquire knowledge.
ciekawski wścibski
Too curious; overly interested; nosy.

inquisitor /ɪnˈkwɪzətəɹ/ inquisitors n
inkwizytor
(historical) An official of the ecclesiastical court of the Inquisition.

inrun inruns n
najazd
(skiing) In ski jumping, a steep portion of the ramp, where skiers gain speed before taking off.

insalubrious /ɪnsəˈluːbɹɪəs/ more insalubrious most insalubrious adj
niezdrowotny
Unhealthful, not providing or promoting health.

insane /ɪnˈseɪn/ insaner insanest more insane most insane adj
szalony obłąkany jebnięty pierdolnięty pojebany popierdolony
Exhibiting unsoundness or disorder of mind; not sane; utterly mad.
szaleńczy
Used by or relating to insane people.
(informal) Characterized by excess or the utmost folly; ridiculous; impractical.

insanitary more insanitary most insanitary adj
antysanitarny niehigieniczny

insanity /ɪnˈsænɪti/ insanities n
obłęd niepoczytalność
The state of being insane; madness.

insatiable /ɪnˈseɪʃ(j)əbəl/ /ɪnˈseɪʃi.əbəl/ more insatiable most insatiable adj
nienasycony
Not satiable; incapable of being satisfied or appeased; very greedy.

inscription /ɪnˈskɹɪpʃən/ inscriptions n
inskrypcja
Text carved on a wall or plaque, such as a memorial or gravestone.
napis
The text on a coin.
dedykacja
Words written in the front of a book as a dedication.

insect /ˈɪnsɛkt/ insects n
owad robak insekt
An arthropod (in the Insecta class) characterized by six legs, up to four wings, and a chitinous exoskeleton.
zero
(derogatory) A contemptible or powerless person.

insect hotel insect hotels n
domek dla owadów hotel dla owadów
A man-made structure created to provide shelter for insects.

insecticidal adj
owadobójczy
Of, relating to, or being insecticide; insect-killing.

insecticide insecticides n
środek owadobójczy
A substance used to kill insects.

insectivore /ɪnˈsɛktəˌvɔɹ/ /ɪnˈsɛktəˌvɔː/ insectivores n
owadożerca
Insect-eating animal or plant.

insectivorous /ˌɪnsɛkˈtɪv(ə)ɹəs/ more insectivorous most insectivorous adj
owadożerny
Feeding on insects.

insectoid adj
owadopodobny
Insect-like.

insecure /ɪnsəˈkjɔɹ/ /ɪnsəˈkjɔː(ɹ)/ /ɪnsəˈkjɝ/ /ɪnsəˈkjʊə(ɹ)/ /ɪnsəˈkjʊɹ/ more insecure most insecure adj
niezabezpieczony
Not secure.
niepewny niepweny siebie
Not comfortable or confident in oneself or in certain situations.

insecurity insecurities n
niepewność
A lack of security; uncertainty.

inselberg /-zəl-/ /ˈɪnsəlˌbɜːɡ/ /ˈɪnsəlˌbɝɡ/ inselberge inselbergs n
twardzielec

inseminate /ɪnˈsɛmɪneɪt/ v
zaplemniać zaplemnić
To fill with one's semen.

insemination inseminations n
posiew zasiew
A sowing of seed; the act of inseminating.
zapłodnienie zaplemnienie
The introduction of sperm into a female’s reproductive system for the purpose of impregnating (making pregnant).

insensate /ɪnˈsɛn.sət/ more insensate most insensate adj
bez czucia
Having no sensation or consciousness; unconscious; inanimate.
bezmyślny
Senseless; foolish; irrational.

insensitive /ɪnˈsɛnsɪtɪv/ more insensitive most insensitive adj
bezduszny nieczuły
Not expressing normal emotional feelings; cold; tactless; undiplomatic

insensitively more insensitively most insensitively adv
bezdusznie
In an insensitive manner.

insensitiveness n
bezduszność

insert /ɪnˈsɜːt/ /ɪnˈsɝt/ /ˈɪnsɜːt/ /ˈɪnsɝt/ inserts n
wkładka wrzutka
A promotional or instructive leaflet inserted into a magazine, newspaper, tape or disk package, etc.

insert /ɪnˈsɜːt/ /ɪnˈsɝt/ /ˈɪnsɜːt/ /ˈɪnsɝt/ v
wstawiać wstawić
(transitive) To put in between or into.

inset /ˈɪnsɛt/ insets n
wkładka
A smaller thing set into a larger thing, such as a small picture inside a larger one.

inside /ɪnˈsaɪd/ /ˈɪnsaɪd/ more inside most inside adj
wewnętrzny
Of or pertaining to the inner surface, limit or boundary.

inside /ɪnˈsaɪd/ /ˈɪnsaɪd/ more inside most inside adv
w środku wewnątrz
Within or towards the interior of something; within the scope or limits of something (a place), especially a building.

inside /ɪnˈsaɪd/ /ˈɪnsaɪd/ insides n
wnętrze środek
The interior or inner part.

inside job inside jobs n
inside job robota wewnętrzna

inside out /ˌɪnsaɪdˈaʊt/ adv
na lewą stronę
(not comparable) With the inside surface turned to be on the outside.
na wylot
(of knowledge) Thoroughly; extremely well.

insider trading n
nielegalny handel akcjami
(finance) The illegal buying or selling of securities of a publicly held company by a person who has privileged access to information concerning the company's financial condition or plans.

insidious /ɪnˈsɪdi.əs/ more insidious most insidious adj
podstępny zdradziecki zdradliwy
Producing harm in a stealthy, often gradual, manner.

insidiously /ɪnˈsɪdi.əsli/ more insidiously most insidiously adv
podstępnie
in an insidious manner

insignia /ɪnˈsɪɡ.ni.ə/ insignia insignias n
insygnium
A symbol or token of personal power, status, or office, or of an official body of government or jurisdiction.

insignificant /ˌɪnsɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/ more insignificant most insignificant adj
nieistotny błahy
Not significant; not important, inconsequential, or having no noticeable effect.

insignificantly more insignificantly most insignificantly adv
błaho
In an insignificant manner, or to a degree that does not matter.

insincere more insincere most insincere adj
nieszczery
Not genuinely meaning what has been expressed; not sincere; artificial.

insincerity insincerities n
nieszczerość
Property of being insincere, lacking sincerity or truthfulness.

insinuate /ɪnˈsɪnjueɪt/ v
insynuować
To hint; to suggest tacitly (usually something bad) while avoiding a direct statement.
przypochlebiać się
(figurative, by extension) To ingratiate; to obtain access to or introduce something by subtle, cunning or artful means.

insinuation /ɪnˌsɪnjuˈeɪʃən/ insinuations n
insynuacja
That which is insinuated; a hint; a suggestion, innuendo or intimation by distant allusion

insipid /ɪnˈsɪp.ɪd/ more insipid most insipid adj
mdły
Unappetizingly flavorless.
bezbarwny nudny
Flat; lacking character or definition.

insipidly more insipidly most insipidly adv
bezpłciowo
In an insipid manner.

insipidness n
bezpłciowość
A lack of distinctive, appealing, or energetic character; tastelessness; extreme blandness.

insist /ɪnˈsɪst/ v
nalegać
(with on or upon or (that + indicative)) To hold up a claim emphatically.
(sometimes, with on or upon or (that + subjunctive)) To demand continually that something happen or be done; to reiterate a demand despite requests to abandon it.

insofar /ɪn.soʊˈfɑɹ/ /ɪn.səʉˈfaː(ɹ)/ /ɪn.səʊˈfɑː(ɹ)/ /ɪn.səˈfɑɹ/ /ɪn.səˈfɑː(ɹ)/ adv
o ile
To such a degree or extent.

insofar as /ɪn.soʊˈfɑɹæz/ /ɪn.soʊˈfɑɹəz/ /ɪn.səʊˈfɑːɹəz/ conjunction
o tyle, o ile
to the extent that

insolation /ˌɪnsoʊˈleɪʃən/ insolations n
insolacja nasłonecznienie
The incident radiant energy emitted by the sun which reaches a unit area over a period of time, typically measured over a horizontal area at the Earth's surface or at the top of Earth's atmosphere.

insole /ˈɪnsoʊl/ /ˈɪnsəʊl/ insoles n
wkładka
The inside sole of a shoe or other footwear.

insolence /ˈɪn.sə.ləns/ insolences n
bezczelność zuchwałość zuchwalstwo arogancja bezwstydność hucpiarstwo
Arrogant conduct; insulting, bold behaviour or attitude.

insolent /ˈɪn.sə.lənt/ more insolent most insolent adj
bezczelny zuchwały arogancki bezwstydny hucpiarski impertynencki
Insulting in manner or words, particularly in an arrogant or insubordinate manner.
zuchwały niegrzeczny chamski
Rude.

insolently more insolently most insolently adv
arogancko bezczelnie bezwstydnie impertynencko zuchwale
In an insolent manner.

insoluble /ɪnˈsɑljəbəl/ /ɪnˈsɒljʊbəl/ more insoluble most insoluble adj
nierozpuszczalny
That cannot be solved; unsolvable; insolvable.

insolvency [ɪnˈsɒlvn̩si] insolvencies n
niewypłacalność upadłość
(finance) The condition of being insolvent; the state or condition of a person who is insolvent; the condition of one who is unable to pay his debts as they fall due, or in the usual course of trade and business.

insolvent /ɪn.ˈsɑːɫv.ənt/ /ɪn.ˈsɒlv.ənt/ /ɪn.ˈsɒɫv.ənt/ more insolvent most insolvent adj
niewypłacalny
Unable to pay one's bills as they fall due.

insomnia /ɪnˈsɒmniə/ insomnias n
bezsenność
(medicine) A sleeping disorder that is known for its symptoms of unrest and the inability to sleep.

insouciant /inˈsusiənt/ /ɪnˈsuːsɪənt/ more insouciant most insouciant adj
niefrasobliwy
Casually unconcerned; carefree, indifferent, nonchalant.

inspection /ɪnˈspɛkʃən/ inspections n
badanie inspekcja kontrola zbadanie
The act of examining something, often closely.
inspekcja kontrola
An organization that checks that certain laws or rules are obeyed.

inspector /ɪnˈspɛktə/ /ɪnˈspɛktɚ/ inspectors n
inspektor inspektorka
A person employed to inspect something.
(law enforcement) A police officer ranking below superintendent.

inspiration /ˌɪn.spəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɪn.spəˈɹæɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɪn.spɪˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ inspirations n
wdech
(physiology, uncountable) The drawing of air into the lungs, accomplished in mammals by elevation of the chest walls and flattening of the diaphragm, as part of the act of respiration.
natchnienie
A supernatural divine influence on the prophets, apostles, or sacred writers, by which they were qualified to communicate moral or religious truth with authority; a supernatural influence which qualifies people to receive and communicate divine truth; also, the truth communicated.
inspiracja natchnienie
The act of an elevating or stimulating influence upon the intellect, emotions or creativity.
A person, object, or situation which quickens or stimulates an influence upon the intellect, emotions or creativity.

inspirational /ˌɪnspəˈɹeɪʃənəl/ more inspirational most inspirational adj
inspiracyjny inspirujący

inspire /ɪn.ˈspaɪə(ɹ)/ /ɪn.ˈspaɪɹ/ v
inspirować zainspirować
(transitive) To infuse into the mind; to communicate to the spirit; to convey, as by a divine or supernatural influence; to disclose preternaturally; to produce in, as by inspiration.

instability instabilities n
niestabilność
(uncountable) The quality of being unstable.

install /ɪnˈstoːl/ /ɪnˈstɑl/ /ɪnˈstɔl/ /ɪnˈstɔːl/ v
instalować zainstalować
(transitive) To connect, set up or prepare something for use

installation [ɪnstəˈleɪʃən] installations n
instalacja montaż
An act of installing.
Something installed, especially the whole of a system of machines, apparatus, and accessories, when set up and arranged for practical working, as in electric lighting, transmission of power, etc.

installer installers n
instalator
One who installs.
(computing) A program that installs software in a computer and prepares it for use.

installment /ɪnˈstoːl.mənt/ /ɪnˈstɑl.mənt/ /ɪnˈstɔl.mənt/ /ɪnˈstɔːl.mənt/ installments n
rata
(banking, finance) One member of a series of portions of a debt or sum of money, which portions may or may not be equated (depending in part on whether the interest rate is fixed or variable), payment of which portions are serially exacted at regularly scheduled intervals toward satisfaction of the total. Payments of installments are generally mensual, quarterly, triannual, biannual, or annual.

installment loan installment loans n
kredyt ratalny

instance /ˈɪnstəns/ instances n
okazja zdarzenie
One of a series of recurring occasions, cases, essentially the same.
instancja
(computing) A specific occurrence of something that is created or instantiated, such as a database, or an object of a class in object-oriented programming. [from 20th c.]

instant /ˈɪnstənt/ instants n
chwila moment
A very short period of time; a moment.
A single, usually precise, point in time.
błyskawiczny
A beverage or food which has been pre-processed to reduce preparation time, especially instant coffee.

instant coffee /ˌɪnstənt ˈkɒfi/ instant coffees n
kawa rozpuszczalna
A beverage in the form of a powder, granules, or concentrated liquid, made from coffee and able to be quickly reconstituted by adding water.

instant messenger instant messengers n
komunikator komunikator internetowy
(communication, computing) A computer application which allows instant text communication between two or more people through a network or the Internet in its entirety.

instant noodle instant noodles n
zupa błyskawiczna zupka chińska
(chiefly, in the plural) One of a mass of dried precooked noodles fused with oil, usually soaked in boiling water for a few minutes before being eaten.

instantaneous /ɪnstənˈteɪni.əs/ adj
chwilowy momentalny
Occurring, arising, or functioning without any delay; happening within an imperceptibly brief period of time. [from 17th c.]

instantly /ˈɪnstəntli/ adv
błyskawicznie momentalnie natychmiast od razu
At once; without delay. [from 16th c.]

instead /ɪnˈstɛd/ adv
zamiast
In the place of something (usually mentioned earlier); as a substitute or alternative.

instead of preposition
zamiast
In lieu of; in place of; rather than.

instep /ˈinˌstɛp/ insteps n
podbicie
(anatomy) The arched part of the top of the foot between the toes and the ankle.

instigate /ˈɪnstəɡeɪt/ v
judzić podburzać podburzyć podjudzać podjudzić
(transitive) To goad or urge (a person) forward, especially to wicked actions.

instigator /-ɾɚ/ /ˈɪnstəˌɡeɪtɚ/ /ˈɪnstɪɡeɪtə/ instigators n
podżegacz podżegaczka
A person who intentionally instigates, incites, or starts something, especially one that creates trouble.

instill /ɪnˈstɪl/ v
wpajać wpoić
To cause a quality to become part of someone's nature.
wkraplać wkroplić
To pour in (medicine, for example) drop by drop.

instinct /ˈɪn.stɪŋkt/ instincts n
instynkt
A natural or inherent impulse or behaviour.

instinctive /ɪnˈstɪŋktɪv/ more instinctive most instinctive adj
instynktowny
Related to or prompted by instinct.

instinctively /ɪnˈstɪŋktɪvli/ more instinctively most instinctively adv
instynktownie
Innately; by instinct; without being taught.

institute /ˈɪnstɪt(j)uːt/ /ˈɪnstɪt͡ʃuːt/ institutes n
instytut
An organization founded to promote a cause
An institution of learning; a college, especially for technical subjects

institution /ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃən/ /ˌɪnstɪˈtuːʃən/ /ˌɪnstɪˈtʃuːʃən/ institutions n
instytucja
A long established and respected organization, particularly one involved with education, public service, or charity work.

institutional /-ʃnəl/ /ˌɪnstɪˈtjuʃənəl/ /ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənəl/ /ˌɪnstɪˈtʃuːʃənəl/ more institutional most institutional adj
instytucjonalny
Of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or organized along the lines of an institution.

institutionalize /ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃənəˌlaɪz/ v
zinstytucjonalizować
to establish as a normal practice

instructor instructors n
instruktor instruktorka
One who instructs; a teacher.

instrument /ˈɪnstɹəmənt/ /ˈɪnstɹʊmənt/ instruments n
instrument
A device used to produce music.
(legal) A legal document, such as a contract, deed, trust, mortgage, power, indenture, or will.
przyrząd urządzenie
A measuring or displaying device.
instrument przyrząd narzędzie przybór
A tool, implement used for manipulation or measurement.
narzędzie
(figuratively) A person used as a mere tool for achieving a goal.

instrument maker instrument makers n
producent instrumentów
Maker of musical instruments.

instrumental /ɪnstɹəˈmɛntəl/ /ɪnstɹʊˈmɛntəl/ more instrumental most instrumental adj
instrumentalny narzędnikowy
(music) Pertaining to, made by, or prepared for an instrument, especially a musical instrument (rather than the human voice).

instrumental case instrumental cases n
narzędnik
(grammar) A noun case used to express means or agency—and is generally indicated in English by by or with with the objective. Languages that use the instrumental case include Armenian, Serbo-Croatian, Czech, Dyirbal, Georgian, Latvian, Slovene, Polish, Ukrainian, Quechua, Russian, Assamese, Turkish and Sanskrit. Extinct languages that used the instrumental case include Old English, Old Saxon and Old High German.

instrumentalisation instrumentalisations n
instrumentalizacja

instrumentalist instrumentalists n
instrumentalista instrumentalistka
One who plays a musical instrument, as distinguished from a vocalist.

insufferable /ɪnˈsʌfəɹəb(ə)l/ /ɪnˈsʌfɹəb(ə)l/ more insufferable most insufferable adj
nieznośny
Not sufferable; very difficult or impossible to endure; intolerable, unbearable.

insufficiency insufficiencies n
niedostateczność niedostatek
The lack of sufficiency; a shortage or inadequacy.

insufficient /ɪnsəˈfɪʃənt/ more insufficient most insufficient adj
niewystarczający

insufficiently more insufficiently most insufficiently adv
niedostatecznie niewystarczająco
not sufficiently

insular /ˈɪnsjələ/ /ˈɪnsjəlɚ/ /ˈɪnsəlɚ/ more insular most insular adj
wyspiarski wyspowy
(linguistics, anthropology) (often with a capital letter) Relating to the varieties of a language or languages spoken chiefly on islands. Insular Latin, Latin as it was spoken in Britain and Ireland. Insular Celtic, the Celtic languages of Britain, Ireland and also Brittany, as opposed to those spoken in mainland Europe other than Brittany. Insular Scandinavian, relating to the Icelandic and Faroese languages as opposed to the ones spoken in Sweden, Denmark and Norway.

insulate /ˈɪnsjʊleɪt/ /ˈɪnsʊleɪt/ /ˈɪnʃʊleɪt/ [ˈɪns(j)ʊle(ɪ)t] v
izolować
To separate, detach, or isolate.
To separate a body or material from others, e.g. by non-conductors to prevent the transfer of electricity, heat, etc.

insulating more insulating most insulating adj
izolacyjny
That insulates.

insulation /ˌɪnsjʊˈleɪʃən/ /ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən/ insulations n
izolacja
(engineering) The act of separating a body from others by nonconductors, so as to prevent the transfer of electricity, heat, or sound

insulator /ˈɪn.sjə.leɪ.tə(ɹ)/ insulators n
izolator
A substance that does not transmit heat (thermal insulator), sound (acoustic insulator) or electricity (electrical insulator).
A non-conductive structure, coating or device that does not transmit sound, heat or electricity (see image)

insulin /ˈɪnsjʊlin/ /ˈɪnsəlɪn/ /ˈɪnʃʊlɪn/ insulins n
insulina
A polypeptide hormone that regulates carbohydrate metabolism (in various animals including humans).

insult /ɪnˈsʌlt/ /ˈɪnsʌlt/ insults n
obraza zniewaga wyzwisko awania urąganie
(uncountable) Action or form of speech deliberately intended to be rude; (countable) a particular act or statement having this effect.
obraza
(countable) Something that causes offence (for example, by being of an unacceptable quality).

insult /ɪnˈsʌlt/ /ˈɪnsʌlt/ v
obrażać obrazić
(transitive) To be insensitive, insolent, or rude to (somebody); to affront or demean (someone). [from 17th c.]

insulting /ɪnˈsʌltɪŋ/ more insulting most insulting adj
obraźliwy
Containing insult, or having the intention of insulting.

insurance /ɪn.ˈʃɔː.ɹəns/ /ɪn.ˈʃɝ.əns/ /ɪn.ˈʃʊə.ɹəns/ /ɪn.ˈʃʊɹ.əns/ /ˈɪn.ʃɚəns/ insurances n
ubezpieczenie
A means of indemnity against a future occurrence of an uncertain event.
The business of providing insurance.

insurance agent insurance agents n
agent ubezpieczeniowy

insurance company insurance companies n
firma ubezpieczeniowa
A company that provides insurance policies.

insurance fraud insurance frauds n
oszustwo ubezpieczeniowe
(legal) Receiving insurance policy-based compensation by deceitfully causing an event that, if it were accidental, would lead to a rightful claim for said compensation.

insurance policy insurance policies n
polisa
(insurance) A legal document outlining a particular insurance cover for an insured entity for a given risk.

insure /ɪnˈʃɔː/ /ɪnˈʃɝ/ /ɪnˈʃʊə/ /ɪnˈʃʊɚ/ v
ubezpieczać ubezpieczyć
(transitive) To provide for compensation if some specified risk occurs. Often agreed by policy (contract) to offer financial compensation in case of an accident, theft or other undesirable event.

insurer /ɪnˈʃʊɹ.ɚ/ insurers n
ubezpieczyciel asekurant asekurator
(insurance) One who insures.

insurgency /ɪnˈsɜː.d͡ʒən.si/ /ɪnˈsɝ.d͡ʒən.si/ insurgencies n
insurekcja powstanie
rebellion; revolt; the state of being insurgent

insurgent /ɪnˈsəɹd͡ʒənt/ /ɪnˈsəːdʒ(ə)nt/ insurgents n
rebeliant rebeliantka
One of several people who take up arms against the local state authority; a participant in insurgency.

insurmountable more insurmountable most insurmountable adj
nie do pokonania nieprzezwyciężony
Incapable of being passed over, surmounted, or overcome; insuperable

insurrection /ˌɪnsəˈɹɛkʃ(ə)n/ /ˌɪnsəˈɹɛkʃn̩/ insurrections n
insurekcja bunt
(uncountable) The action of part or all of a national population violently rising up against the government or other authority; (countable) an instance of this; a revolt, an uprising; specifically, one that is at an initial stage or limited in nature.

insurrectionist insurrectionists n
powstaniec
A person who provokes or takes part in an insurrection

intact /ɪnˈtækt/ more intact most intact adj
cały nienaruszony
Left complete or whole; not touched, defiled, sullied or otherwise damaged.

intangible /ɪnˈtæn.d͡ʒə.bəl/ /ɪnˈtæn.d͡ʒɪ.bəl/ [ɪnˈtæn.d͡ʒɪ.bl̩] more intangible most intangible adj
nieuchwytny
Incapable of being perceived by the senses; incorporeal.

intangible asset intangible assets n
wartości niematerialne i prawne
(business, accounting) Any valuable property of a business that is not a physical by nature, including intellectual property, customer lists, and goodwill. Intangible assets may or may not be shown on the balance sheet.

integer /ˈɪn.tɪ.d͡ʒə(ɹ)/ /ˈɪn.tɪ.d͡ʒɚ/ [ˈɪn.ɾɪ.d͡ʒɚ] integers n
liczba całkowita
(arithmetic) A number that is not a fraction; an element of the infinite and numerable set {..., -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ...}.

integral /ɪnˈtɛɡr(ə)l/ /ɪnˈtɛɡɹəl/ /ˈɪntəɡɹəl/ /ˈɪntɪɡr(ə)l/ /ˈɪntɪɡɹ(ə)l/ more integral most integral adj
integralny jednolity
Constituting a whole together with other parts or factors; not omittable or removable

integral /ɪnˈtɛɡr(ə)l/ /ɪnˈtɛɡɹəl/ /ˈɪntəɡɹəl/ /ˈɪntɪɡr(ə)l/ /ˈɪntɪɡɹ(ə)l/ integrals n
całka całka oznaczona
(mathematics) One of the two fundamental operations of calculus (the other being differentiation), whereby a function's displacement, area, volume, or other qualities arising from the study of infinitesimal change are quantified, usually defined as a limiting process on a sequence of partial sums. Denoted using a long s: ∫, or a variant thereof.

integral calculus n
rachunek całkowy
(calculus) The calculus that generalizes summation to find areas, masses, volumes, sums, and totals of quantities described by continuously varying functions.

integral equation integral equations n
równanie całkowe
(mathematics) An equation involving a function f(x) and integrals of that function to be solved for f(x)

integrand /ˈɪntɪɡɹænd/ integrands n
funkcja podcałkowa
(calculus) The function that is to be integrated

integrate /ˈɪn.təˌɡɹeɪt/ /ˈɪn.tɪ.ɡɹeɪt/ /ˈɪn.tɪ.ɡɹæɪt/ v
integrować całkować scalać scałkować
(mathematics) To subject to the operation of integration; to find the integral of an equation.

integrated more integrated most integrated adj
zintegrowany
composed and coordinated to form a whole

integrated circuit integrated circuits n
układ scalony scalak
(semiconductors) A thin chip, usually of silicon, consisting of at least two interconnected semiconductor devices, mainly transistors.

integration /ˌɪn.təˈɡɹeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɪn.təˈɡɹæɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɪn.tɪˈɡɹeɪ.ʃən/ integrations n
integracja
The act or process of making whole or entire.
(society) The process of fitting into a community, notably applied to minorities.
całkowanie
(biology) In evolution, the process by which the manifold is compacted into the relatively simple and permanent; supposed to alternate with differentiation as an agent in species' development.

integration by parts integrations by parts n
całkowanie przez części
(analysis) A method of integration directly related to the rule for differentiation of products; can be written as \int u\ dv = uv - \int v\ du.

integrity /ɪnˈtɛɡɹəti/ /ɪnˈtɛɡɹɪti/ integrities n
prawość uczciwość
Steadfast adherence to a strict moral or ethical code.

intellect /ˈɪntəlɛkt/ intellects n
intelekt
(uncountable) The faculty of thinking, judging, abstract reasoning, and conceptual understanding; the cognitive faculty.

intellectual /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃwəl/ /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃəl/ /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃʊəl/ more intellectual most intellectual adj
intelektualny
Pertaining to, or performed by, the intellect; mental or cognitive.

intellectual /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃwəl/ /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃəl/ /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃʊəl/ intellectuals n
intelektualista intelektualistka inteligent inteligentka
An intelligent, learned person, especially one who discourses about learned matters.

intellectual property intellectual properties n
własność intelektualna
(uncountable) Any product of someone's intellect that has commercial value: a piece of literature, a painting, an invention, a trademark, a trade secret, etc. Works protected under intellectual property law, and accorded intellectual property rights such as copyrights and patents.
(countable) Any individual work that is protected under intellectual property law.

intellectualism intellectualisms n
intelektualizm
(philosophy) The doctrine that knowledge is derived from pure reason.

intellectualization intellectualizations n
intelektualizacja
The act or process of intellectualizing.

intellectually more intellectually most intellectually adv
intelektualnie
In an intellectual manner.

intelligence /ɪnˈtɛl.ɪ.d͡ʒəns/ intelligences n
inteligencja rozum intelekt um
(mostly, uncountable) The quality of making use or having made use of such capacities: depth of understanding, mental quickness.
wywiad
(countable) A political or military department, agency or unit designed to gather information, usually secret, about the enemy or about hostile activities.

intelligence agency intelligence agencies n
służby specjalne
A governmental agency that is devoted to the information gathering (known in the context as "intelligence") for purposes of national security and defense.

intelligence quotient intelligence quotients n
iloraz inteligencji
A score derived from one of several different standardized tests attempting to measure a person's intelligence relative to that of the general population, with the average usually calibrated to a number around 100.

intelligent /ɪnˈtɛlɪd͡ʒənt/ intelligenter intelligentest more intelligent most intelligent adj
inteligentny
Of high or especially quick cognitive capacity, bright.
Characterized by thoughtful interaction.

intelligent design pn
teoria inteligentnego projektu
The belief that biological life on Earth, or more broadly, the universe as a whole, was created by an intelligent agent (specified or unspecified) rather than being the result of undirected natural processes.

intelligentsia /ɪntɛləˈd͡ʒɛn(t)si.ə/ /ɪntɛləˈɡɛn(t)si.ə/ /ɪntɛlɪˈd͡ʒɛntsɪə/ /ɪntɛlɪˈɡɛntsɪə/ intelligentsias n
inteligencja
(politics) The intellectual elite of a society, particularly in Marxist doctrine.

intelligibility /ɪnˌtɛl.ə.d͡ʒə.ˈbɪl.ə.ti/ /ɪnˌtɛl.ə.d͡ʒə.ˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/ [ɪnˌtɛl.ə.d͡ʒə.ˈbɪl.ə.ɾi] [ɪnˌtɛl.ə.d͡ʒə.ˈbɪl.ɪ.ɾi] intelligibilities n
zrozumiałość
That which is intelligible; the degree to which something is intelligible.

intelligible /ɪnˈtɛləd͡ʒəbl̩/ more intelligible most intelligible adj
zrozumiały
Capable of being understood; clear to the mind.

intend /ɪnˈtɛnd/ v
zamierzać
(ambitransitive, usually followed by particle "to" + verb, or "on"/"upon" + noun) To fix the mind upon (something, or something to be accomplished); be intent upon

intense /ɪnˈtɛns/ intenser intensest more intense most intense adj
intensywny
(also, figurative) Under tension; tightly drawn; strained, stressed, tense.

intensification intensifications n
intensyfikacja
The act or process of intensifying, or of making more intense.

intensify /ɪnˈtɛnsɪfaɪ/ v
intensyfikować
(intransitive) To become intense, or more intense; to act with increasing power or energy.

intensive care n
intensywna opieka medyczna
(medicine) The support and monitoring of critically ill patients, especially by the use of instrumentation and specialized staff and equipment.

intensive care unit intensive care units n
oddział intensywnej terapii OIOM oddział intensywnej opieki medycznej
A hospital ward into which critically ill patients, in danger of dying, are admitted and closely monitored (abbreviation: ICU).

intention /ɪnˈtɛnʃən/ intentions n
zamiar intencja
A course of action that a person intends to follow.

intentional /ɪnˈtɛnʃənəl/ [ɪnˈtʰɛnʃn̩ɫ̩] more intentional most intentional adj
celowy umyślny zamierzony intencjonalny
Intended or planned; done deliberately or voluntarily.

intentionality intentionalities n
intencjonalność
(philosophy) The characteristic of a mental state whereby it is about something, which relates to mental states in an analogous way as meaning relates to a word.

inter alia adv
między innymi m.in.
Among other things.

inter- /ɪntə/ /ɪntɚ/ [ɪn(ɾ)ɚ] [ɪɾ̃ɚ] prefix
inter- między-
between, amid, among

interact /ɪn.təˈɹækt/ /ɪn.tɚˈækt/ v
wchodzić w interakcję
(intransitive) To act upon each other.

interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/ /ˌɪn.tɚˈæk.ʃən/ interactions n
interakcja oddziaływanie
The situation or occurrence in which two or more objects or events act upon one another to produce a new effect; the effect resulting from such a situation or occurrence.
komunikacja interakcja
A conversation or exchange between people.

interactive /ɪn.təˈɹæk.tɪv/ /ɪn.tɚˈæk.tɪv/ more interactive most interactive adj
interaktywny
Interacting with or communicating with and reacting to each other; influencing or having an effect on each other; acting or capable of acting on each other or with the other.

interbank adj
międzybankowy
Of, pertaining to, or taking place between two or more banks (financial institutions).

intercalary /ɪnˈtɝː.kə.lɛɹ.i/ /ˌɪnt.ɚˈkæl.ɚ.i/ adj
przestępny
(botany) of a meristem: situated between zones of permanent tissue, thus a shoot growing at the base of a leaf, in comparison with apical growth at the tip of a root or plant.

intercalation intercalations n
interkalacja
A period inserted into a calendar as in a leap year.

intercellular adj
międzykomórkowy

intercept /ɪntəˈsɛpt/ /ɪntɚˈsɛpt/ /ˈɪntəsɛpt/ /ˈɪntɚsɛpt/ intercepts n
przecięcie
(algebraic geometry) The coordinate of the point at which a curve intersects an axis.

intercept /ɪntəˈsɛpt/ /ɪntɚˈsɛpt/ /ˈɪntəsɛpt/ /ˈɪntɚsɛpt/ v
przechwycić
(transitive) To stop, deflect or divert (something in progress or motion).
(transitive, American football) Of a defensive player: to steal a pass thrown by the opposing team, gaining possession of the ball.
(transitive, sports) To gain possession of (the ball) in a ball game.

intercept theorem pn
twierdzenie Talesa

intercession intercessions n
wstawiennictwo
A prayer to God on behalf of another person; especially, such a prayer offered by a heavenly saint on behalf of a mere mortal who has prayed to the saint for such help.

interchange /ɪntə(ɹ)ˈtʃeɪndʒ/ /ɪntɚˈt͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ/ /ˈɪntə(ɹ).tʃeɪndʒ/ /ˈɪntɚt͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ/ interchanges n
węzel
(countable) A junction in which traffic may merge to enter or diverge to exit a limited-access highway to access a surface street, without crossing traffic on the main highway.
rozjazd węzel
(rail transport, countable) A connection between two or more lines, services or modes of transport; a station at which such a connection can be made.

intercity adj
międzymiastowy
Between cities; connecting cities with other cities.

intercom intercoms n
domofon
An electronic communication system, especially one between rooms in a building.

intercomprehension intercomprehensions n
interkomprehensja
(linguistics) The ability to comprehend each other in spite of speaking different languages.

intercontinental /ˌɪn.tə.kɒn.tɪˈnɛn.təl/ /ˌɪn.tɚ.kɑn.tɪ.ˈnɛn.təl/ adj
międzykontynentalny
Taking place between two or more continents.

intercontinental ballistic missile intercontinental ballistic missiles n
międzykontynentalny pocisk balistyczny
(military, rocketry) A class of long-range missiles associated especially with carrying nuclear warheads.

intercostal /ˌɪn.təˈkɒs.təl/ /ˌɪn.tɚˈkɔ.stəl/ adj
międzyżebrowy
(anatomy) Between the ribs of an animal or person.

intercountry adj
międzypaństwowy
Between countries.

intercourse /ˈɪn.təˌkɔːs/ /ˈɪn.tɚˌkoɹs/ /ˈɪn.tɚˌkɔɹs/ intercourses n
stosunek płciowy
Sexual intercourse usually involving humans.

intercultural more intercultural most intercultural adj
międzykulturowy
of, relating to, or between different cultures

interdependent more interdependent most interdependent adj
współzależny
Mutually dependent; reliant on one another.

interdigital adj
międzypalcowy
(anatomy) Between the fingers or toes.

interdisciplinary more interdisciplinary most interdisciplinary adj
interdyscyplinarny międzydyscyplinarny różnokierunkowy wielodziedzinowy wielostronny wielowymiarowy
Of or pertaining to multiple distinct academic disciplines or fields of study.
Of or pertaining to a linkage between multiple distinct academic disciplines or fields of study.

interest /ˈɪntəɹst/ /ˈɪntəɹəst/ /ˈɪntəɹɛst/ /ˈɪntəɹɪst/ /ˈɪntɹəst/ /ˈɪntɹɛst/ /ˈɪntɹɪst/ interests n
odsetek odsetka
(uncountable, finance) The price paid for obtaining, or price received for providing, money or goods in a credit transaction, calculated as a fraction of the amount or value of what was borrowed. [from earlier 16th c.]
zainteresowanie
(uncountable) A great attention and concern from someone or something; intellectual curiosity. [from later 18th c.]
(uncountable) Attention that is given to or received from someone or something.
interesy
(countable) An involvement, claim, right, share, stake in or link with a financial, business, or other undertaking or endeavor.

interest /ˈɪntəɹst/ /ˈɪntəɹəst/ /ˈɪntəɹɛst/ /ˈɪntəɹɪst/ /ˈɪntɹəst/ /ˈɪntɹɛst/ /ˈɪntɹɪst/ v
interesować ciekawić zaciekawiać zaciekawić zainteresować zajmować
(obsolete, often, _, impersonal) To be concerned with or engaged in; to affect; to concern; to excite.

interest rate interest rates n
stopa procentowa
(finance) The percentage of an amount of money charged for its use per some period of time (often a year).

interest-free adj
bezprocentowy nieoprocentowany
(finance) Not charging interest; not subject to interest payments.

interested /ˈɪntəɹɛstəd/ /ˈɪntəɹɛstɪd/ /ˈɪntəɹɪstɪd/ /ˈɪntɹəstəd/ /ˈɪntɹəstɪd/ /ˈɪntɹɪstɪd/ more interested most interested adj
zainteresowany
Having or showing interest (attention or curiosity).

interesting /ˈɪn(t)əɹɛstɪŋ/ /ˈɪntəɹəstɪŋ/ /ˈɪntɹəstɪŋ/ /ˈɪntɹɛstɪŋ/ /ˈɪntɹɪstɪŋ/ more interesting most interesting adj
ciekawy interesujący
Arousing or holding the attention or interest of someone.

interestingly more interestingly most interestingly adv
interesująco
in an interesting way

interestless adj
bezprocentowy

interestlessly adv
bezprocentowo

interface /ˈɪn(t)ɚˌfeɪs/ /ˈɪntəfeɪs/ interfaces n
styk
The point of interconnection or contact between entities.
(object-oriented programming) In some languages, a block of code declaring the interface (point of interconnection) between a class and code that interacts with it.
granica międzyfazowa
(chemistry, physics) A thin layer or boundary between different substances or two phases of a single substance.
interfejs
(computing) The point of interconnection between systems or subsystems.
interfejs międzymordzie powłoka
(computing) The connection between a user and a machine.
interfejs międzymordzie
(computing, object-oriented) The connection between parts of software; also the public or published sections of an object or module,
(computing, object-oriented) In object-oriented programming, a piece of code defining a set of operations that other code must implement.

interfere /ˌɪntəˈfɪə(ɹ)/ /ˌɪntɚˈfɪɹ/ v
powstrzymywać przeszkadzać
wtrącać wtrącić
(intransitive) To get involved or involve oneself, causing disturbance.

interference /ˌɪntə(ɹ)ˈfɪəɹəns/ /ˌɪntəɹˈfiɹɪns/ interferences n
interferencja ingerencja wtrącanie
The act of interfering with something, or something that interferes.
interferencja
(physics) An effect caused by the superposition of two systems of waves.

interference maximum interference maxima interference maximums n
maksimum interferencji fal

interferometer interferometers n
interferometr
(physics) any of several instruments that use the interference of waves to determine wavelengths and wave velocities, determine refractive indices, measure small distances, temperature changes, stresses, and many other useful measurements.

interferon interferons n
interferon
(biochemistry) Any of a group of glycoproteins, produced by the immune system, that prevent viral replication in infected cells.

interfix interfixes n
międzyrostek
(linguistic morphology) A morph inserted between two morphemes in the process of word formation, such as the empty morphs English -i- and -o-.

interfluve interfluves n
międzyrzecze
(geology) The region of higher land between two connected river valleys.

intergalactic adj
międzygalaktyczny
(astronomy) Occurring between galaxies.

intergenerational adj
międzypokoleniowy
Between or across generations.

intergovernmental adj
międzyrządowy
Of, relating to, or involving two or more governments.

interim /ˈɪntəɹɪm/ adj
przejściowy
Transitional.
tymczasowi tymczasowy
Temporary.

interim /ˈɪntəɹɪm/ interims n
przejściówka
A transitional or temporary period between other events.

interior /ɪnˈtɪ.ɹi.ɚ/ /ɪnˈtɪə.ɹɪ.ə/ adj
wewnętrzny
Within any limits, enclosure, or substance; inside; internal; inner.

interior /ɪnˈtɪ.ɹi.ɚ/ /ɪnˈtɪə.ɹɪ.ə/ interiors n
wnętrze
The inside of a building, container, cavern, or other enclosed structure.

interior design interior designs n
architektura wnętrz projektowanie wnętrz wystrój wnętrz
The design of space inside homes and buildings, such as choice of decor and furnishings.

interior designer interior designers n
projektant wnętrz
A home decor designer; a person in the business of interior design.

interior minister interior ministers n
minister spraw wewnętrznych

interjection /ɪn.təˈdʒɛk.ʃən/ /ˌɪn.tɚˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/ interjections n
wykrzyknik
(grammar) An exclamation or filled pause; a word or phrase with no particular grammatical relation to a sentence, often an expression of emotion.

interlanguage /ɪnˈtɜɹˈlæŋɡwɪd͡ʒ/ interlanguages n
interjęzyk
A language generated by a student of a foreign language that incorporates aspects of their native language and the target language.

interleaf /ɪntəˈliːf/ /ɪntɚˈliːf/ /ˈɪntəliːf/ /ˈɪntɚliːf/ interleaves n
przekładka
A sheet of paper or cardboard, placed between layers on a pallet to create a cohesive structure.

interlocution interlocutions n
interlokucja
Discussion or conversation.

interlocutor /ˌɪn.təɹˈlɑ.kə.təɹ/ /ˌɪn.təɹˈlɑk.ju.təɹ/ /ˌɪn.təɹˈlɑk.jə.təɹ/ /ˌɪntəˈlɒkjətə/ /ˌɪntəˈlɒkjʊtə/ interlocutors n
interlokutor rozmówca interlokutorka rozmówczyni
A person who takes part in dialogue or conversation.

interloper /ˌɪntəˈləʊ̯pə/ /ˌɪntɚˈloʊ̯pɚ/ /ˌɪɾ̃ɚˈloʊ̯pɚ/ interlopers n
natręt
One who interferes, intrudes or gets involved where not welcome, particularly a self-interested intruder.

interlude /ˈɪntə(ɹ)ljuːd/ /ˈɪntə(ɹ)luːd/ interludes n
wstawka
An intervening episode, etc.
interludium intermedium intermezzo wstawka
An entertainment between the acts of a play.
(music) A short piece put between the parts of a longer composition.

intermediary /ˌɪn(t)ɚˈmidiˌɛɹi/ /ˌɪntə(ɹ)ˈmiːdi.əɹi/ /ˌɪntə(ɹ)ˈmiːdjəɹi/ /ˌɪntə(ɹ)ˈmiːdʒəɹi/ intermediaries n
pośrednik pośredniczka
An agent acting as a mediator between sides to facilitate agreement or cooperation.

intermediate /ɪn.tə(ɹ)ˈmi.di.ət/ /ɪn.tə(ɹ)ˈmi.diˌeɪt/ /ˌɪn.tɚˈmi.di.eɪt/ /ˌɪn.tɚˈmi.di.ət/ more intermediate most intermediate adj
pośredni przejściowy
Being between two extremes, or in the middle of a range.

intermediate frequency intermediate frequencies n
częstotliwość pośrednia

intermediation intermediations n
pośrednictwo
(uncountable) Intervention; interposition.

interment /ɪnˈtɜːmənt/ /ɪnˈtɝmənt/ interments n
pochówek
The act of burying a dead body; burial.

intermezzo /ɪntəˈmɛtsəʊ/ /ɪntɚˈmɛtsoʊ/ /ɪntɛɹˈmɛdzoʊ/ intermezzi intermezzos n
interludium intermedium intermezzo wstawka
(music, arts) A short piece of music or act in the interval of the main spectacle; a theatrical interlude.

intermission /ɪntɚˈmɪʃən/ intermissions n
antrakt
A break, especially between two performances or sessions, such as at a concert, play, seminar, or religious assembly.

intermittent /ˌɪntəˈmɪtn̩t/ /ˌɪntɚˈmɪtn̩t/ more intermittent most intermittent adj
sporadyczny
Stopping and starting, occurring, or presenting at intervals; coming after a particular time span.

intermittently /ɪn.təˈmɪt.ənt.lɪ/ adv
nieregularnie sporadycznie
Stopping or starting at intervals.

intermolecular adj
międzycząsteczkowy
(chemistry, physics) from one molecule to another; between molecules

intern /ɪnˈtɜːn/ /ɪnˈtɝn/ v
internować
(transitive) To imprison somebody, usually without trial.

internal /ɪnˈtɜː.nl̩/ /ɪnˈtɜː.nəl/ /ɪnˈtɝ.nl̩/ /ˈɪnˌtɝ.nl̩/ more internal most internal adj
wewnętrzny
(medicine) Within the body.
Of the inner nature of a thing.

internal combustion engine internal combustion engines n
silnik o spalaniu wewnętrznym
A heat engine in which intermittent or the continuous burning of a fuel takes place inside a combustion chamber; the resulting pressurized gas acts directly on the engine to do useful work, such as a piston engine, gas turbine, jet engine or rocket.

internalize /ɪnˈtɝnəlaɪz/ v
dusić internalizować uwewnętrzniać uwewnętrznić zdusić zinternalizować
(transitive) To make something internal; to incorporate it in oneself.

internally /ɪnˈtɜː.nə.li/ /ɪnˈtɝ.nə.li/ more internally most internally adv
wewnętrznie
In an internal manner; within or inside of external limits; in an inner part or situation.

internally displaced person internally displaced people internally displaced persons n
uchodźstwo wewnętrzne
Someone who is forced to flee their home but who remains within their country's borders.

international /ˌɪn.təˈnæʃ.(ə.)n(ə)l/ /ˌɪn.tɚˈnæʃ.(ə.)n(ə)l/ [ˌɪntəˈnæʃ(ə)n(ə)ɫ] [ˌɪntɚˈnæʃ(ə)n(ə)ɫ] [ˌɪɾ̃ɚˈnæʃ(ə)n(ə)ɫ] more international most international adj
międzynarodowy internacjonalny
common to, or affecting, two or more nations.
Of or concerning the association called the International.

international /ˌɪn.təˈnæʃ.(ə.)n(ə)l/ /ˌɪn.tɚˈnæʃ.(ə.)n(ə)l/ [ˌɪntəˈnæʃ(ə)n(ə)ɫ] [ˌɪntɚˈnæʃ(ə)n(ə)ɫ] [ˌɪɾ̃ɚˈnæʃ(ə)n(ə)ɫ] internationals n
międzynarodówka
(politics) A transnational organization of political parties of similar ideology.

international community n
społeczność międzynarodowa

international law n
prawo międzynarodowe
Set of rules generally regarded and accepted as binding in relations between states and between nations, serving as a framework for the practice of stable and organized international relations.

international organization international organizations n
organizacja międzynarodowa
(international law) An organisation established by a treaty or other instrument governed by international law and possessing its own international legal personality.

international relations n
stosunki międzynarodowe
The study of political and trade relationships among countries.

internationalism internationalisms n
internacjonalizm
(politics) Political, economic and cultural cooperation between nations.
(linguistics) A loanword that occurs in several languages with the same or similar meaning and etymology.

internationally more internationally most internationally adv
międzynarodowo
In an international manner.

internaut internauts n
internauta internautka
(dated) A designer, operator, or technically capable professional user of the Internet.

internist internists n
internista
(medicine) A physician who specialises in internal medicine.

internment camp internment camps n
obóz dla internowanych
(euphemism) a concentration camp, especially a non-Nazi one from before or during WWII; a detention center; a relocation camp.

internode internodes n
międzywęźle
(botany) A section of stem between two stem nodes.

internship /ˈɪntɜːnʃɪp/ /ˈɪntɝnʃɪp/ internships n
staż
A job taken by a student in order to learn a profession or trade.

internship report internship reports n
raport o stażu

interoperability /ˌɪntəɹɒpəɹəˈbɪləti/ interoperabilities n
interoperacyjność
The capability of a product or system, to interact and function with others reciprocally.
(military) The capacity for a service, piece of equipment etc., to be operated by different forces or groups.

interparliamentary adj
międzyparlamentarny
Between parliaments.

interpellation interpellations n
interpelacja
(politics) The act of interpellating (questioning); the period in which government officials are questioned about and explain an act, a policy or a point raised during a debate.

interpenetration interpenetrations n
wzajemne przenikanie
The act of penetrating between or within other substances; mutual penetration.

interphobia n
interfobia

interplanetary adj
międzyplanetarny
Existing or occurring between planets.

interpose /ˌɪn.təˈpəʊz/ /ˌɪn.tɚˈpoʊz/ v
wstawić
(transitive) To insert something (or oneself) between other things.
wtrącić
(transitive) To interrupt a conversation by introducing a different subject or making a comment.

interpret /ɪn.tɚˈpɹɛt/ /ɪnˈtɜː.pɹɪt/ /ɪnˈtɝ.pɹɪt/ /ˈin.tɚ.pɹɛt/ v
interpretować zinterpretować
To explain or tell the meaning of; to translate orally into intelligible or familiar language or terms. applied especially to language, but also to dreams, signs, conduct, mysteries, etc.

interpretation /ɪntəpɹəˈteɪʃən/ /ɪntɚpɹəˈteɪʃən/ interpretations n
interpretacja
(countable) An act of interpreting or explaining something unclear; a translation; a version.
(countable) A sense given by an interpreter; an exposition or explanation given; meaning.
tłumaczenie
(uncountable, linguistics, translation studies) The discipline or study of translating one spoken or signed language into another (as opposed to translation, which concerns itself with written language).

interpreter /ɪnˈtɜːpɹɪtə/ /ɪnˈtɝpɹɪtɚ/ interpreters n
tłumacz tłumaczka tłumacz ustny tłumacz symultaniczny
A person who converts spoken or signed language into a different language for the benefit of one or more others who do not understand the first language being used (especially if in real time or shortly after that person has finished communicating). (Contrasted with translator.)
interpreter tłumacz
(computing) A program that executes another program written in a high-level language by reading the instructions in real time rather than by compiling it in advance.

interpunct interpuncts n
kropka środkowa
(typography) The punctuation mark ⟨·⟩.

interracial /ˌɪntəˈɹeɪʃəl/ more interracial most interracial adj
międzyrasowy
Between or among two or more different races.

interregnum /ˌɪntəɹˈɹɛɡnəm/ interregna interregnums n
bezkrólewie interregnum międzykrólewie
The period of time between the end of a sovereign's reign and the accession of another sovereign.
bezkrólewie interregnum
(politics) A period of time during which normal executive leadership is suspended or interrupted.

interrogate /ɪnˈtɛɹ.ə.ɡeɪt/ /ɪnˈtɛɹ.ə.ɡæɪt/ /ɪnˈtɛɹ.əˌɡeɪt/ v
przesłuchiwać przesłuchać
(transitive) to question or quiz, especially in a thorough and/or aggressive manner

interrogation /ɪnˌteɹ.əˈɡeɪ.ʃən/ interrogations n
przesłuchanie interrogacja pytajnik znak zapytania
The act of interrogating or questioning; examination by questions; inquiry.
badanie interrogacja zapytanie
A question put; an inquiry.

interrogative /ˌɪn.təˈɹɑ.ɡə.tɪv/ /ˌɪn.təˈɹɒɡ.ə.tɪv/ /ˌɪn.təˈɹɔɡ.ə.tɪv/ [ˌɪn.təˈɹɑ.ɡə.ɾɪv] [ˌɪn.təˈɹɔɡ.ə.ɾɪv] adj
pytający
(grammar) Asking or denoting a question: as, an interrogative phrase, pronoun, or point.

interrupt /ˈɪntəˌɹʌpt/ /ˌɪntəˈɹʌpt/ interrupts n
przerwanie
(computing, electronics) An event that causes a computer or other device to temporarily cease what it was doing and attend to a condition.

interrupt /ˈɪntəˌɹʌpt/ /ˌɪntəˈɹʌpt/ v
przerwać przerywać wtrącać się wtrącić się
(ambitransitive) To disturb or halt (an ongoing process or action, or the person performing it) by interfering suddenly, especially by speaking.

interruption /ˌɪntəˈɹʌpʃən/ interruptions n
przerwa
A time interval during which there is a cessation of something.

interschool adj
międzyszkolny
Occurring or taking place between two or more schools.

intersect /ɪntəˈsɛkt/ /ɪntɚˈsɛkt/ v
krzyżować krzyżować się przecinać przecinać się
(ambitransitive) To cut into or between; to cut or cross mutually; to divide into parts.
przecinać przecinać się
(mathematics) Of two sets, to have at least one element in common.

intersection /ˈɪntəɹˌsɛkʃən/ /ˌɪntəɹˈsɛkʃən/ intersections n
skrzyżowanie
The junction of two (or more) paths, streets, highways, or other thoroughfares.
punkt przecięcia
(geometry) The point or set of points common to two geometrical objects (such as the point where two lines meet or the line where two planes intersect).
przekrój iloczyn zbiorów przecięcie
(set theory) The set containing all the elements that are common to two or more sets.

intersex /ˈɪntəsɛks/ /ˈɪntɚsɛks/ adj
interpłciowy
(of an individual) Having any of a variety of inherent conditions (in a species with distinct sexes) in which one's sex characteristics differ from those of a typical male and female; for example, having sex characteristics relating to both male and female sexes.

intersexuality n
interpłciowość
The state of having the physical features of both sexes, or of having ambiguous sex, i.e. not unambiguously male or female.

interstate /ˈɪntɚˌsteɪt/ [ˈɪɾ̃ɚˌsteɪ̯t] adv
międzystanowy
(chiefly, US, and, Australia) Crossing states (usually provincial state, but also e.g. multinational sense).

interstellar adj
międzygwiezdny międzygwiazdowy
Between the stars.

interval /ˈɪntəvəl/ /ˈɪntɚvəl/ intervals n
interwał odstęp
A distance in space.
interwał
A period of time.
(music) The difference (a ratio or logarithmic measure) in pitch between two notes, often referring to those two pitches themselves (otherwise known as a dyad).
przedział
(mathematics) A connected section of the real line which may be empty or have a length of zero.

interval training n
trening interwałowy

intervene /ˌɪntə(ɹ)ˈviːn/ v
interweniować
(ambitransitive) To come between, or to be between, persons or things.

intervention /ɪntəˈvɛnʃən/ /ɪntɚˈvɛnʃən/ interventions n
interwencja
The action of intervening; interfering in some course of events.

interventionism interventionisms n
interwencjonizm
(politics) The political practice of intervening in a sovereign state's affairs.

interventricular adj
międzykomorowy
(anatomy) Located between the ventricles of the heart.

intervertebral adj
międzykręgowy
Between the vertebrae

interview /ˈɪntəvjuː/ /ˈɪntɚvjuː/ interviews n
wywiad interview
A conversation in person (or, by extension, over the telephone, Internet etc.) between a journalist and someone whose opinion or statements he or she wishes to record for publication, broadcast etc. [from 19th c.]
rozmowa kwalifikacyjna interview rozmowa o pracę
A formal meeting, in person, for the assessment of a candidate or applicant. [from 20th c.]

interview /ˈɪntəvjuː/ /ˈɪntɚvjuː/ v
przeprowadzać wywiad
(intransitive) To be interviewed; to attend an interview.

interviewee /ˌɪn.tə.vjuːˈiː/ /ˌɪn.tɚ.vjuːˈiː/ interviewees n
ankietowana ankietowany respondent respondentka
Someone being interviewed, i.e. the person answering the questions.

interviewer /ˈɪntəvjuːə/ /ˈɪntɚvjuɚ/ interviewers n
przeprowadzająca wywiad przeprowadzający wywiad
One who interviews.

interwar adj
międzywojenny
During or relating to the period of time between two wars, especially the two World Wars (1919–1939).

interweave /ˌɪntəɹˈwiv/ /ˌɪntəˈwiːv/ [-ɾəɹ-] v
przeplatać przepleść
(transitive) To combine (things) through weaving.

intestate /ɪnˈtɛsteɪt/ adj
beztestamentowy
Without a valid will indicating whom to leave one's estate to after death.

intestinal /ɪnˈtes.tɪ.nəl/ /ɪnˈtɛs.tɪ.nəl/ adj
jelitowy kiszkowy trzewiowy trzewny
Relating to the intestines.

intestine /ɪnˈtɛstaɪn/ /ɪnˈtɛstɪn/ /ɪnˈtɛsˌtiːn/ /ˈɪntɛstaɪn/ /ˈɪntɛstɪn/ intestines n
jelito kiszka trzewo
(anatomy, often pluralized) The alimentary canal of an animal through which food passes after having passed all stomachs.
jelito
One of certain subdivisions of this part of the alimentary canal, such as the small or large intestine in human beings.

intifada /ˌɪntɪˈfɑːdə/ intifadas n
intifada
An insurrection; a usually violent attempt to take control of a government.
An uprising, resistant struggle or rebellious protest, especially the Palestinian uprisings against Israel.

intimacy /ˈɪn.tɪ.mə.si/ intimacies n
bliskość intymność
(uncountable, countable) Feeling or atmosphere of closeness and openness towards someone else, often but not necessarily involving sexuality.

intimate /ˈɪn.tɪ.meɪt/ /ˈɪn.tɪ.mət/ more intimate most intimate adj
bliski intymny
Closely acquainted; familiar.
intymny
Of or involved in a sexual relationship.
intymny osobisty
Personal; private.

intimate /ˈɪn.tɪ.meɪt/ /ˈɪn.tɪ.mət/ v
sugerować zasugerować
(ambitransitive) To suggest or disclose (something) discreetly.

intimidate /ɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪt/ v
zastraszyć zastraszać
(transitive) To make timid or afraid; to cause to feel fear or nervousness; to deter, especially by threats of violence

intimidation /ɪntɪmɪˈdeɪʃən/ intimidations n
zastraszenie
The act of making timid or fearful or of deterring by threats; the state of being intimidated.

into /ˈɪn.tu/ /ˈɪn.tuː/ /ˈɪn.tə/ /ˈɪn.tʊ/ preposition
w razy w-
To or towards the inside of.
do razy
To or towards the region of.
w
Against, especially with force or violence.
po rozpoczęciu
After the start of.
zainteresowany
(colloquial) Interested in or attracted to.
w na dzielony przez po rozpoczęciu
(mathematics) Expressing the operation of division, with the denominator given first. Usually with "goes".
nad razy
Investigating the subject (of).

into the bargain
na dobitkę na dokładkę
(informal) along with it; additionally; as well

into thin air
jak kamień w wodę

intolerable /ɪnˈtɑləɹəbl̩/ /ɪnˈtɒləɹəbl̩/ more intolerable most intolerable adj
nieznośny
Not tolerable; not capable of being borne or endured.

intolerance /ɪnˈtɑ.lə.ɹəns/ /ɪnˈtɒl.ə.ɹəns/ /ɪnˈtɔl.ə.ɹəns/ intolerances n
nietolerancja
(uncountable) The state of being intolerant.
(countable, medicine) Extreme sensitivity to a food or drug; of a food that is generally considered edible, an individual inability to digest it.

intolerant /ɪnˈtɑləɹənt/ /ɪnˈtɒləɹənt/ more intolerant most intolerant adj
nietolerancyjny nietolerujący
Not tolerant; close-minded about new or different ideas; indisposed to tolerate contrary opinions or beliefs; impatient of dissent or opposition; denying or refusing the right of private opinion or choice in others; inclined to persecute or suppress dissent.

intonation /ɪntəˈneɪʃən/ intonations n
intonacja
(linguistics) The rise and fall of the voice in speaking.
Singing or playing in good tune or otherwise.
Reciting in a musical prolonged tone; intonating or singing of the opening phrase of a plain-chant, psalm, or canticle by a single voice, as of a priest.

intoxicate /ɪnˈtɑksɪkeɪt/ /ɪnˈtɑksɪkət/ /ɪnˈtɒksɪkeɪt/ /ɪnˈtɒksɪkət/ v
odurzyć otępić
To stupefy by doping with chemical substances such as alcohol.

intoxication /ɪntɑksɪˈkeɪʃən/ /ɪntɒksɪˈkeɪʃən/ intoxications n
zatrucie intoksykacja
A poisoning, as by a spirituous or a narcotic substance.

intracellular adj
wewnątrzkomórkowy
Inside or within a cell.

intracranial adj
wewnątrzczaszkowy śródczaszkowy
Of or pertaining to the brain or inside of the head; within the cranium.

intralogistics n
intrologistyka

intramarginal adj
intramarginalny

intramolecular adj
wewnątrzcząsteczkowy
(chemistry, physics) Between different parts of the same molecule.

intranet /ˈɪntɹəˌnɛt/ intranets n
intranet
(computing) A private computer network, typically one that uses the protocols of the Internet.

intransigence /ɪnˈtɹæn.sɪ.d͡ʒəns/ intransigences n
nieprzejednanie nieustępliwość
Unwillingness to change one's views or to agree.

intransigent /ɪnˈtɹæn.sə.d͡ʒənt/ /ɪnˈtɹæn.zə.d͡ʒənt/ more intransigent most intransigent adj
nieustępliwy nieprzejednany
Unwilling to compromise or moderate a position; unreasonable.

intransitive /ɪnˈtɹænsətɪv/ /ɪnˈtɹænzətɪv/ adj
nieprzechodni
(grammar, of a verb) Not transitive: not having, or not taking, a direct object.

intransitive verb /ɪnˌtɹænsətɪv ˈvɜːb/ /ɪnˌtɹænzətɪv ˈvɜːb/ intransitive verbs n
czasownik nieprzechodni
(grammar) An action verb which does not take a direct object.

intrasexual adj
wewnątrzpłciowy
Within a group of individuals of the same sex.

intraspecific more intraspecific most intraspecific adj
wewnątrzgatunkowy
Occurring among members of the same species.

intrauterine /ˌɪntrəˈjuːtəɹaɪn/ /ˌɪntrəˈjuːtəɹɪn/ adj
wewnątrzmaciczny
Located or taking place inside the uterus.

intrauterine device intrauterine devices n
spirala wkładka
A contraceptive device consisting of a spiral or similar shape of plastic or metal inserted through the vagina into the uterus in order to prevent the implantation of a fertilized egg.

intravenous /ɪntɹəˈviːnəs/ adj
dożylny
Inside the veins.

intravenously adv
dożylnie
(medicine) In an intravenous manner; by means of intravenous injection.

intrepid /ɪnˈtɹɛpɪd/ more intrepid most intrepid adj
nieustraszony
Fearless; bold; brave.

intricacy /ɪnˈtɹɪ.kə.si/ /ˈɪn.tɹɪ.kə.si/ intricacies n
zawiłość
The state or quality of being intricate or entangled.

intrigue /ɪnˈtɹiːɡ/ /ˈɪntɹiːɡ/ intrigues n
intryga
A complicated or clandestine plot or scheme intended to effect some purpose by secret artifice; conspiracy; stratagem.
fabuła
The plot of a play, poem or romance; the series of complications in which a writer involves their imaginary characters.

intrigue /ɪnˈtɹiːɡ/ /ˈɪntɹiːɡ/ v
intrygować
(intransitive) To conceive or carry out a secret plan intended to harm; to form a plot or scheme.
(transitive) To arouse the interest of; to fascinate.

intrinsic /ɪn.ˈtɹɪn.zɪk/ more intrinsic most intrinsic adj
rzeczywisty wewnętrzny
Innate, inherent, inseparable from the thing itself, essential.

intrinsic motivation intrinsic motivations n
wewnętrzna motywacja
The incentive to undertake an activity based on the expected enjoyment of the activity itself, rather than external benefits that might result.

intrinsically more intrinsically most intrinsically adv
nieodłącznie wewnętrznie zasadniczo
In an intrinsic manner; internally; essentially.

introduce /ˌɪntəɹˈdus/ /ˌɪntɹəˈdjuːs/ /ˌɪntɹəˈdus/ v
przedstawiać przedstawić
(transitive, of people) To cause (someone) to be acquainted (with someone else).
wprowadzać wprowadzić
(transitive) To bring (something) into practice.

introduction /ˌɪntɹəˈdʌkʃən/ introductions n
wprowadzenie wstęp
The act or process of introducing.
wstęp przedmowa
An initial section of a book or article, which introduces the subject material.

introit /ən-/ /ɪnˈtɹəʊɪt/ /ˈɪntɹɔɪt/ /ˈɪnˌtɹɔɪt/ introits n
introit
(Roman Catholicism, music) A prayer, typically part of a psalm or other portion of the Bible, read or sung at the start of Mass while or immediately after the priest ascends to the altar.

introjection introjections n
introjekcja
(psychology) The process whereby the ideas of another are unconsciously incorporated into one's own psyche.

introspection /ɪntɹəˈspɛkʃən/ introspections n
introspekcja autoanaliza samoanaliza
(psychology) A looking inward; specifically, the act or process of self-examination, or inspection of one's own thoughts and feelings; the cognition which the mind has of its own acts and states

intruder /ənˈtɹudɚ/ /ɪnˈtɹuː.də(ɹ)/ intruders n
intruz
Someone who intrudes.

intrusion /ɪnˈtɹuːʒən/ intrusions n
najście wtargnięcie
The forcible inclusion or entry of an external group or individual; the act of intruding.

intrusive /ɪnˈtɹuːsɪv/ more intrusive most intrusive adj
natrętny
Tending to intrude; doing that which is not welcome; interrupting or disturbing; entering without permission or welcome.

intrusive thought intrusive thoughts n
myśl natrętna
(psychology) An unwelcome involuntary thought, image, or idea.

intubate /ˈɪntjʊbeɪt/ /ˈɪntəbeɪt/ /ˈɪntʃəbeɪt/ v
intubować
(transitive, medicine) To insert a tube into.

intubation intubations n
intubacja
(medicine) The introduction of a tube into an organ to keep it open, as into the larynx in cases of croup.

intuition /ɪntuˈɪʃən/ /ˌɪntjuːˈɪʃən/ /ˌɪntʃuː-/ intuitions n
intuicja
Immediate cognition without the use of conscious rational processes.
A perceptive insight gained by the use of this faculty.

intuitionist intuitionists n
intuicjonista intuicjonistka matematyczka-intuicjonistka matematyk-intuicjonista

intuitionistic adj
intuicjonistyczny

intuitionistic logic intuitionistic logics n
logika intuicjonistyczna
(mathematics, logic) A type of logic which rejects the axiom law of excluded middle or, equivalently, the law of double negation and/or Peirce's law. It is the foundation of intuitionism.

intuitionistically adv
intuicjonistycznie

intuitive /ɪnˈt(j)uːɪtɪv/ /ɪnˈtjuːɪtɪv/ more intuitive most intuitive adj
intuicyjny
Spontaneous, without requiring conscious thought.

intuitively more intuitively most intuitively adv
intuicyjnie
By intuition; with skill or accuracy, but without special training or planning; instinctively.

intuitiveness /ɪnˈtjuːɪtɪvnəs/ n
intuicyjność
The state of being intuitive.

inula /ˈɪnjələ/ /ˈɪnjʊlə/ inulas n
oman
Any of several plants of the genus Inula, such as elecampane.

inundate /ˈɪn.ən.deɪt/ /ˈɪn.ʌn.deɪt/ v
przytłoczyć zalać
To cover with large amounts of water; to flood.
przytłoczyć
To overwhelm.

inundation inundations n
powódź potop
The act of inundating; an overflow; a flood; a rising and spreading of water over grounds.

inure /ɪˈnjɔː/ /ɪˈnjʊə/ /ɪˈnjʊɹ/ v
przyzwyczaić się

invade /ɪnˈveɪd/ v
najechać najeżdżać napadać napaść zajmować zająć
(transitive) To enter by force in order to conquer.

invader /ɪn.ˈveɪ.də(ɹ)/ invaders n
agresor agresorka najeźdźca najeźdźczyni
An intruder (especially on someone's privacy)

invalid /ɪnˈvæl.ɪd/ more invalid most invalid adj
nieważny nieaktualny nieprawidłowy
Not valid; not true, correct, acceptable or appropriate.

invalid /ˈɪn.və.lɪd/ invalids n
inwalida inwalidka
(dated, sometimes, offensive) Any person with a disability or illness.
(dated, sometimes, offensive) A person who is confined to home or bed because of illness, disability or injury; one who is too sick or weak to care for themselves.

invalidity invalidities n
nieaktualność
The state of being invalid; lack of validity.

invaluable /ɪnˈvæljuəbl̩/ /ɪnˈvæljəbl̩/ more invaluable most invaluable adj
bezcenny nieoceniony
Having great or incalculable value.
(obsolete) Not valuable; worthless.

invaluableness n
bezcenność

invaluably more invaluably most invaluably adv
bezcennie

invariant more invariant most invariant adj
niezmienny
Not varying; constant.
niezmienniczy
(mathematics) Unaffected by a specified operation, especially by a transformation.

invariant invariants n
niezmiennik
An invariant quantity, function etc.

invasion /ɪnˈveɪʒən/ invasions n
inwazja
A military action consisting of armed forces of one geopolitical entity entering territory controlled by another such entity, generally with the objective of conquering territory or altering the established government.

invasive /-zɪv/ /ɪnˈveɪsɪv/ more invasive most invasive adj
inwazyjny
(military, also, figuratively) That invades a foreign country using military force; also, militarily aggressive.
(biology) Of an animal or plant: that grows (especially uncontrollably) in environments which do not harbour natural enemies, often to the detriment of native species or of food or garden flora and fauna.
(medicine, surgery) Of a procedure: involving the entry of an instrument into part of the body.

invasive species invasive species n
gatunek inwazyjny
(biology) Any species that has been introduced to an environment where it is not native, and that has since become a nuisance through rapid spread and increase in numbers, often to the detriment of native species.

invent /ɪnˈvɛnt/ v
wynaleźć
To design a new process or mechanism.
wymyślać wymyślić
To create something fictional for a particular purpose.

invented /ɪnˈvɛntɪd/ more invented most invented adj
wymyślony zmyślony
fictional, made up, imaginary.

invention /ɪnˈvɛnʃən/ inventions n
wynalazek
Something invented.
wynalezienie
(archaic) The act of discovering or finding; the act of finding out; discovery.

inventive /ɪnˈvɛntɪv/ more inventive most inventive adj
pomysłowy wynalazczy
Possessed of a particular capacity for the design of new mechanisms or processes, creative or skilful at inventing.

inventiveness inventivenesses n
pomysłowość
The quality of being inventive; the faculty of inventing.

inventor /ɪnˈvɛntə/ /ɪnˈvɛntɚ/ inventors n
wynalazca wynalazczyni
One who invents, either as a hobby or as an occupation.

inventory /ɪnˈvɛn.tə.ɹi/ /ˈɪn.vən.tɹi/ /ˈɪn.vənˌtɔ.ɹi/ inventories n
inwentarz zapas
(operations) The stock of an item on hand at a particular location or business.
inwentarz
(operations) A detailed list of all of the items on hand.
(operations) The process of producing or updating such a list.

inventory management n
zarządzanie zapasami

inverse function inverse functions n
funkcja odwrotna
(mathematics) For a given function f, another function, denoted f−1, that reverses the mapping action of f; (formally) given a function f: X\rightarrow Y, a function g: Y\rightarrow X such that, \forall x\in X,\ f(x) = y \implies g(y)=x.

inversely proportional adj
odwrotnie proporcjonalny
(mathematics) Proportional to the reciprocal of the independent variable.

invertebrate /ɪnˈvəːtɪbrət/ adj
bezkręgowy
Lacking a backbone; without vertebrae.

invertebrate /ɪnˈvəːtɪbrət/ invertebrates n
bezkręgowiec
An animal without vertebrae, i.e. backbone.

invertible matrix invertible matrices n
macierz odwrotna
(linear algebra) Any n×n square matrix for which there exists a corresponding inverse matrix (i.e., a second (or possibly the same) matrix such that when the two are multiplied by each other, in either order, the result is the n×n identity matrix).

invest /ɪnˈvɛst/ v
inwestować zainwestować
To commit money or capital in the hope of financial gain.

investigate [ɪn.ˈvɛs.tɪ.ɡeɪ̯t] v
prowadzić dochodzenie
(transitive) To inquire into or study in order to ascertain facts or information.
badać zbadać
(transitive) To examine, look into, or scrutinize in order to discover something hidden or secret.

investigation /ɪnˌvɛs.təˈɡeɪ.ʃən/ /ɪnˌvɛs.tɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/ investigations n
śledztwo dochodzenie
The act of investigating; the process of inquiring into or following up; research, especially patient or thorough inquiry or examination

investigative journalism n
dziennikarstwo śledcze
A form of journalism in which the reporter deeply investigates a single topic of interest, often involving crime or corruption.

investigatory adj
badawczy

investment /ɪnˈvɛsmənt/ /ɪnˈvɛstmənt/ investments n
inwestycja
(finance) A placement of capital in expectation of deriving income or profit from its use or appreciation.

investment bank investment banks n
bank inwestycyjny
(banking, finance) A financial institution that deals with raising capital, trading in securities and managing corporate mergers and acquisitions.

investment banking n
bankowość inwestycyjna
(banking, finance) The activities of an investment bank.

investment fund investment funds n
fundusz inwestycyjny
(finance) A fund consisting of investments made by a group of people and managed by a professional investment manager.

investor /ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/ /ɪnˈvɛs.tɚ/ investors n
inwestor inwestorka
A person who invests money in order to make a profit.

inveterate /ɪnˈvɛtəɹɪt/ more inveterate most inveterate adj
zakorzeniony
firmly established from having been around for a long time; of long standing

invigilation invigilations n
inwigilacja
The act of watching or invigilating.

invincibility /ɪnˌvɪn.səˈbɪl.ə.ti/ [ɪnˌvɪn.səˈbɪl.ə.ɾi] invincibilities n
niezwyciężoność
The quality or state of being invincible; invincibleness.

invincible /ɪnˈvɪn.sə.bəl/ /ɪnˈvɪn.sɪ.bəl/ adj
niezwyciężony
Impossible to defeat, destroy, or kill; too powerful to be defeated or overcome.

invincible /ɪnˈvɪn.sə.bəl/ /ɪnˈvɪn.sɪ.bəl/ invincibles n
niezwyciężony niezwyciężona
Someone or something that cannot be defeated, destroyed, or killed.

inviolable /ɪnˈvaɪələbl̩/ more inviolable most inviolable adj
nienaruszalny nietykalny
Not violable; not to be infringed.

invisibility invisibilities n
niewidzialność
The state of being invisible.

invisible /ɪnˈvɪzəb(ə)l/ adj
niewidzialny niewidoczny
Unable to be seen; out of sight; not visible.

invisible hand invisible hands n
niewidzialna ręka rynku
(economics) A metaphor for the principle that in a free market, an individual pursuing his own self-interest also tends to promote the good of his community as a whole.

invisible ink invisible inks n
atrament sympatyczny
An ink, invisible on application or soon thereafter, that can later be rendered visible by some process, such as exposing it to heat.

invitation /ɪn.vɪˈteɪ.ʃn̩/ /ɪn.vɪˈteɪ.ʃən/ invitations n
zaproszenie
The act of inviting; solicitation; the requesting of a person's company.
(bridge) A bid that tells one's partner that game or slam is likely if their hand is at the strong end of what they have indicated.

invite /ɪnˈvaɪt/ v
zapraszać zaprosić
(transitive) To ask for the presence or participation of someone or something.
prosić
(transitive) To request formally.

invocation /ˌɪn.voʊ.ˈkeɪ.ʃən/ invocations n
inwokacja
The act or form of calling for the assistance or presence of some superior being, especially prayer offered to a divine being.
wywołanie
(programming) The act of invoking, such as a function call.

invoice /ˈɪnˌvɔɪs/ invoices n
faktura
A bill; a commercial document issued by a seller to a buyer indicating the products, quantities and agreed prices for products or services that the seller has already provided the buyer with. An invoice indicates that, unless paid in advance, payment is due by the buyer to the seller, according to the agreed terms.

invoke /ɪnˈvoʊk/ /ɪnˈvəʊk/ v
apelować zaapelować
(transitive) To appeal for validation to a (notably cited) authority.
wywołać wywoływać
(transitive, computing) To cause (a program or subroutine) to execute.

involucre /ɪnvəˈluːkə(ɹ)/ involucres n
okrywa
(botany) Conspicuous bract, bract pair or ring of bracts at the base of an inflorescence.

involuntarily /ɪnˈvɒləntɹɪli/ /ɪnˌvɑlənˈtɛɹɪli/ more involuntarily most involuntarily adv
niechcący machinalnie mimowolnie
In an involuntary manner; done without conscious thought.

involuntary /ɪnˈvɑl.ənˌtɛ.ɹi/ /ɪnˈvɒl.ən.tɹi/ more involuntary most involuntary adj
mimowolny
Without intention; unintentional.
Not voluntary or willing; contrary or opposed to explicit will or desire; unwilling.

involution /ɪnvəˈluːʃən/ involutions n
inwolucja
(mathematics) An endofunction whose square is equal to the identity function; a function equal to its inverse.

involutive adj
inwolucyjny

involve /ɪnˈvoːv/ /ɪnˈvɑlv/ /ɪnˈvɒlv/ /ɪnˈvɔlv/ v
angażować zaangażować
To cause or engage (someone or something) to become connected or implicated, or to participate, in some activity or situation.

involvement involvements n
zaangażowanie
The act of involving, or the state of being involved.

invulnerable adj
niewrażliwy
Incapable of being injured; not vulnerable.

iodate iodates n
jodan
(chemistry) The anion IO3-; Any salt of iodic acid.

iodide /ˈɑɪ.ə.ˌdɑɪd/ iodides n
jodek
(inorganic chemistry) A binary compound of iodine and another element or radical.

iodine /ˈaɪ.əˌdaɪn, -dɪn, -diːn/ iodines n
jod jodyna
An antiseptic incorporating the element.

ion /ˈaɪ.ɑn/ /ˈaɪ.ɒn/ /ˈaɪən/ ions n
jon
An atom or group of atoms bearing an electrical charge, such as the sodium and chlorine atoms in a salt solution.

ion channel ion channels n
kanał jonowy
(biochemistry) A protein complex or single protein that spans between both sides of a cell membrane and allows specific ions to pass through.

ionization /ˌaɪənɪˈzeɪʃən/ ionizations n
jonizacja
(chemistry, physics) Any process that leads to the dissociation of a neutral atom or molecule into charged particles ions; the state of being ionized.

ionize /ˈaɪ.ə.naɪz/ v
jonizować zjonizować
(physical chemistry) To dissociate atoms or molecules into electrically charged species; to be thus dissociated.

ionosphere ionospheres n
jonosfera
The part of the Earth's atmosphere beginning at an altitude of about 50 kilometers (31 miles) and extending outward 500 kilometers (310 miles) or more.

iota /aɪˈoʊtə/ /aɪˈəʊtə/ iotas n
jota
The ninth letter of the Greek alphabet.
A jot; a very small, insignificant quantity.

iotation /aɪoʊˈteɪʃən/ /aɪəʊˈteɪʃən/ iotations n
jotacyzacja
(linguistics) Any similar process occurring in a later Slavic language or elsewhere.

ipecacuanha /ɪpɪkakjuːˈænə/ ipecacuanhas n
ipekakuana wymiotnica
(medicine, pharmaceutics) The flowering plant Carapichea ipecacuanha. [from 18th c.]

ir- prefix
nie-
Used for expressing negation; not

irascible /aɪˈɹæs.ɪ.bəl/ /ɪˈɹæs.ə.bəl/ /ɪˈɹæs.ɪ.bəl/ more irascible most irascible adj
wybuchowy drażliwy gniewny
Easily provoked to outbursts of anger; irritable.

ire /aɪ.ə(ɹ)/ /aɪɹ/ n
furia wściekłość
Great anger; wrath; keen resentment.

iridescence /ˌɪɹ.ɪˈdɛs.əns/ iridescences n
iryzacja tęczowanie
The condition or state of being iridescent; exhibition of colors like those of the rainbow; a prismatic play of color.

iridium /ɪˈɹɪd.i.əm/ iridiums n
iryd
(uncountable) A chemical element (symbol Ir) with an atomic number of 77: a very hard, brittle, silvery-white transition metal of the platinum group.

iris /aɪɹɪs/ /ʌɪɹɪs/ /ˈaɪ.ɹɪs/ [əɪɹɪs] irides iris irises n
kosaciec irys tęczówka
(botany) A plant of the genus Iris, common in the northern hemisphere, and generally having attractive blooms (See w:Iris (plant) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia).
tęczówka kosaciec
(anatomy) The contractile membrane perforated by the pupil, which adjusts to control the amount of light reaching the retina, and which forms the colored portion of the eye (See w:Iris (anatomy) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia).

irk /ɜːk/ /ɝk/ v
drażnić
(transitive) to irritate; annoy; bother

iron /ˈaɪ.ən/ /ˈaɪ.ɚn/ /ˈaɪ.ɹən/ adj
żelazny żelazo
(not comparable) Made of the metal iron.
żelazny
(figuratively) Strong (as of will), inflexible.

iron /ˈaɪ.ən/ /ˈaɪ.ɚn/ /ˈaɪ.ɹən/ irons n
żelazo
(uncountable) A common, inexpensive metal, silvery grey when untarnished, that rusts, is attracted by magnets, and is used in making steel: a chemical element having atomic number 26 and symbol Fe.
(golf) A golf club used for middle-distance shots.

iron /ˈaɪ.ən/ /ˈaɪ.ɚn/ /ˈaɪ.ɹən/ v
prasować uprasować wyprasować
(transitive) To pass an iron over (clothing or some other item made of cloth) in order to remove creases.

iron curtain iron curtains n
żelazna kurtyna
A barrier made of iron in the theatre, lowered between the stage and the auditorium for safety or to prevent communication.
(idiomatic) Any impenetrable barrier.

iron deficiency n
niedobór żelaza

iron filings n
opiłki żelaza
small fragments of iron, filed from a bar; used to visualize the presence of a magnetic field, and as a food additive

iron lung iron lungs n
żelazne płuco
A pneumonic device for assisted breathing.

iron ore iron ores n
ruda żelaza
(mining) A mineral deposit from which iron can be viably extracted.

iron out v
rozprasować rozprasowywać
(transitive) To remove (a crease or creases) with an iron.

ironclad ironclads n
murowany
A metal-plated ship, vessel, or vehicle.

ironic /aɪˈɹɑn.ɪk/ /aɪˈɹɒn.ɪk/ more ironic most ironic adj
ironiczny
(Of a situation) Characterized by or constituting (any kind of) irony.

ironically more ironically most ironically adv
ironicznie
(manner) In an ironic manner; in a way displaying irony.

ironing ironings n
prasowanie
The act of pressing clothes with an iron#Noun, such as a steam iron.

ironing board ironing boards n
deska do prasowania deska do prasowania
A long board, often covered with fabric and having on legs that are usually collapsible, on which one can iron clothes.
deska
(idiomatic, colloquial) A flat-chested woman.

irons in the fire n
zadania

irony /ˈaɪ.ɚ.ni/ /ˈaɪə.ni/ more irony most irony adj
żelazny
Of or pertaining to the metal iron.

irony /ˈaɪ.ɚ.ni/ /ˈaɪ.ɹə.ni/ /ˈaɪə.ɹən.i/ ironies n
ironia
(rhetoric) The quality of a statement that, when taken in context, may actually mean something different from, or the opposite of, what is written literally; the use of words expressing something other than their literal intention, often in a humorous context.
(informal) Contradiction between circumstances and expectations; condition contrary to what might be expected. [from the 1640s]

irradiate /ɪˈɹeɪdiˌeɪt/ /ɪˈɹeɪdɪeɪt/ /ɪˈɹeɪdɪət/ v
napromieniować napromieniowywać
(often, literary, or, poetic) To make (someone or something) bright by shining light on them or it; to brighten, to illuminate.

irradiation /ɪˌɹeɪdiˈeɪʃən/ irradiations n
napromieniowanie
An act of irradiating, or state of being irradiated.

irrational /ɪˈɹæʃ.(ə.)nəl/ more irrational most irrational adj
irracjonalny nieracjonalny
Not rational; unfounded or nonsensical.
niewymierny irracjonalny
(mathematics, arithmetic, number theory, not comparable) Of a real number, that cannot be written as the ratio of two integers.

irrational /ɪˈɹæʃ.(ə.)nəl/ irrationals n
liczba niewymierna
A real number that can not be expressed as the quotient of two integers, an irrational number.

irrational number irrational numbers n
liczba niewymierna
(mathematics) Any real number that cannot be expressed as a ratio of two integers.

irrationalism irrationalisms n
irracjonalizm
A philosophical movement formed as a cultural reaction against positivism in the early 20th century.

irrationality irrationalities n
bezrozum bezrozumność
The quality or state of being irrational; want of the faculty or the quality of reason; fatuity.

irrationally more irrationally most irrationally adv
bezrozumnie
In an irrational manner; without reason; in a manner contrary to reason

irrecoverable more irrecoverable most irrecoverable adj
niepowetowany
Not recoverable; incapable of being recovered.

irredentism /ɪɹɪˈdɛntɪzəm/ irredentisms n
irredentyzm
A nationalistic doctrine advocating the annexation of foreign lands with historic or ethnic links.

irredentist /ɪɹɪˈdɛntɪst/ irredentists n
irredentysta
Someone who calls for the seizure or recovery of territories or states currently subject to other countries; an adherent of irredentism.

irreducible /ˌɪɹɪˈdjuːsɪbəl/ more irreducible most irreducible adj
nieredukowalny
Not able to be reduced or lessened.
Not able to be brought to a simpler or reduced form.
(number theory, of an integer) Unable to be factored into smaller integers; prime.

irrefutable /ɪˈɹɛfjuːtəbəl/ /ɪˈɹɛfjətəbəl/ /ˌɪɹəˈfjuːtəbəl/ /ˌɪɹɪˈfjuːtəbəl/ more irrefutable most irrefutable adj
niepodważalny
undeniable; unable to be disproved or refuted

irregular /ɪˈɹeɡ.jə.lə/ /ɪˈɹɛɡ.jə.lɚ/ /ɪˈɹɛɡ.jʊ.lə/ more irregular most irregular adj
nieregularny
nonstandard; not conforming to rules or expectations
(grammar, of a word) not following the regular or expected patterns of inflection in a given language

irregularization irregularizations n
czynienie nieregularnym
The process of making something irregular.

irregularize v
czynić nieregularnym

irregularly /ɪˈɹɛɡjʊləli/ more irregularly most irregularly adv
akcyjnie
In an irregular manner; without rule, method, or order.

irrelevance irrelevances n
nieistotność
Lack of relationship with the topic at hand; lack of importance.

irrelevancy irrelevancies n
błahość
(uncountable) The quality of being irrelevant or inapplicable; lack of pertinence or connection.

irrelevant /ɪˈɹɛl.ə.vənt/ more irrelevant most irrelevant adj
nieistotny nie à propos niepowiązany niezwiązany
Not usefully related: not associated in any way that is important or useful to the context being discussed: not materially applicable; having connections not applicable in the present situation.

irrelevantly more irrelevantly most irrelevantly adv
bezsensownie od rzeczy
In an irrelevant manner.

irreligion /ˌɪɹ.ɪˈlɪd͡ʒ.ən/ irreligions n
niereligijność areligijność bezreligijność
The state of being irreligious; irreligious sentiment or thought.

irreligiosity irreligiosities n
areligijność
(uncountable) The quality of being irreligious.

irreligious /ˌɪɹɪˈlɪd͡ʒəs/ more irreligious most irreligious adj
areligijny niereligijny
Having no relation to religion.
niereligijny
In conscious rejection of religion.

irreligiously more irreligiously most irreligiously adv
areligijnie niereligijnie

irremediable more irremediable most irremediable adj
nieuleczalny
Unable to be remedied, cured, corrected or repaired; irreparable, incurable.

irreparable /ɪˈɹɛp(ə)ɹəbəl/ more irreparable most irreparable adj
nie do naprawienia nienaprawialny
Incapable of being repaired, amended, cured or rectified; unrepairable.

irreplaceability n
niezastąpioność
The quality of being irreplaceable; inability to be replaced, often because of being unique.

irreplaceable adj
niezastąpiony
Incapable of being replaced, especially because of uniqueness or finiteness.

irrepressible more irrepressible most irrepressible adj
niepohamowany niepowstrzymany
Not containable or controllable.

irreproachable adj
nienaganny nieposzlakowany nieskazitelny
Free from blame, not open to reproach or criticism; blameless.

irresistible /ˌɪɹ.ɪˈzɪs.tə.bəl/ more irresistible most irresistible adj
nieodparty
Impossible to resist.

irresistible grace n
łaska skuteczna
(theology) A Christian doctrine, one of the five points of Calvinism, stating that the salvific benefit of Jesus Christ's substitutionary atonement on the cross is extended to those predestined unto salvation, without any possibility of Satan or sin successfully defeating God's election.

irresolution /ɪɹɛzəˈluːʃən/ irresolutions n
niezdecydowanie
Lack of resolution; lack of decision or purpose; vacillation.

irresponsibility irresponsibilities n
nieodpowiedzialność
The character or state of being irresponsible; lack of or freedom from responsibility; want of accountability.

irresponsible /ˌɪɹ.əˈspɑn.sə.bəl/ /ˌɪɹ.ɪˈspɒn.sə.bəl/ /ˌɪɹ.ɪˈspɔn.sə.bəl/ [ˌɪɹ.ɪˈspɔn.sə.bl̩] more irresponsible most irresponsible adj
nieodpowiedzialny lekkomyślny
Lacking a sense of responsibility; performed or acting as though without responsibility; negligent.

irresponsibly /ˌɪ.ɹɪ.ˈspɑːn.sə.bli/ /ˌɪ.ɹɪ.ˈspɒn.sə.bli/ more irresponsibly most irresponsibly adv
nieodpowiedzialnie
In an irresponsible manner; so as to be irresponsible.

irretrievable more irretrievable most irretrievable adj
niepowetowany
Not retrievable; irrecoverable; irreparable

irreverent more irreverent most irreverent adj
bez szacunku
Lacking respect; not having or not showing respect for or seriousness towards something that is usually treated with respect; going against conventional precepts.

irreversibility irreversibilities n
nieodwracalność
The quality of being irreversible; the lack of an ability to be reversed.

irreversible /ˌɪr.ɪˈvɜː.sə.bəl/ /ˌɪr.ɪˈvɝ.sə.bəl/ adj
nieodwracalny
Incapable of being reversed or turned about or back; incapable of being made to run backwards.
nieodwołalny
Incapable of being reversed, recalled, repealed, or annulled.

irreversibly more irreversibly most irreversibly adv
bezpowrotnie nieodwracalnie niepowetowanie
In an irreversible manner.

irrevocable /ɪɹiˈvoʊkəb(ə)l/ /ɪɹəˈvoʊkəb(ə)l/ /ɪɹɪˈvəʊkəb(ə)l/ /ɪˈɹɛvəkəb(ə)l/ adj
nieodwołalny
Unable to be retracted or reversed; final.

irrevocably more irrevocably most irrevocably adv
bezapelacyjnie nieodwołalnie
In an irrevocable manner; beyond recall; in a manner precluding repeal.

irrigate /ˈɪɹəˌɡeɪt/ v
nawadniać nawodnić zraszać zrosić
(transitive) To supply (farmland) with water, by building ditches, pipes, etc.
przemywać przemyć
(transitive) To clean (a wound) with a fluid.

irrigation /ˌɪɹəˈɡeɪʃən/ irrigations n
irygacja nawadnianie
The act or process of irrigating, or the state of being irrigated; especially, the operation of causing water to flow over lands, for nourishing plants.

irrigational adj
irygacyjny

irritable bowel syndrome n
zespół jelita drażliwego
(pathology) A functional disorder causing the nerves and muscles of the large intestine to be oversensitive, leading to symptoms such as cramp, bloating, flatulence, diarrhoea and constipation.

irritate /ˈɪɹ.ɪˌteɪt/ v
irytować denerwować drażnić rozdrażniać sierdzić wkurwiać
(intransitive) To cause or induce displeasure or irritation.

irritating more irritating most irritating adj
irytujący
Causing irritation, annoyance or pain.

irritation /ˌɪɹɪˈteɪʃən/ irritations n
irytacja
A condition of morbid excitability or oversensitiveness of an organ or part of the body; a state in which the application of ordinary stimuli produces pain or excessive or vitiated action.

is anyone here a doctor phraseologicalUnit
czy ktoś tu jest lekarzem?
Asked to call upon a doctor to come forth from a group of people.

is anyone sitting here phraseologicalUnit
czy to miejsce jest wolne?
Used to ask whether a seat near the interlocutor is currently occupied (by someone temporarily absent).

is it just me phraseologicalUnit
czy tylko ja tak myślę?

is it safe here phraseologicalUnit
jest tu bezpiecznie?
is it safe here?

is that so phraseologicalUnit
doprawdy?
Really? Is it true?

is there a grocery store nearby phraseologicalUnit
czy jest w pobliżu sklep spożywczy?
Indicates that the speaker wants to know whether a grocery store is nearby.

is there a problem phraseologicalUnit
jest jakiś problem?

isabelline shrike isabelline shrikes n
dzierzba pustynna
Lanius isabellinus, a member of the shrike family (Laniidae). It was formerly considered conspecific with the red-tailed shrike and the red-backed shrike.

isabelline wheatear isabelline wheatears n
białorzytka płowa
Oenanthe isabellina, an Old World flycatcher native to Asia

ischemia /ɪˈski.mi.aɪ/ /ɪˈski.mi.ə/ /ɪˈskiː.mi.aɪ/ /ɪˈskiː.mi.ə/ ischemiae ischemias n
niedokrwienie
(cardiology, pathology) Local disturbance in blood circulation due to mechanical obstruction of the blood supply (for example, embolism, thrombosis, or vasoconstriction).

isentropic adj
izentropowy
(thermodynamics, of process) Having a constant entropy

isinglass /ˈaɪzɪŋɡlæs/ /ˈaɪzɪŋɡlɑːs/ isinglasses n
karuk
A form of gelatine obtained from the air bladder of the sturgeon and certain other fish, used as an adhesive and as a clarifying agent for wine and beer.

island /ˈaɪ̯lənd/ islands n
wyspa
(by extension, in place names) A contiguous area of land, smaller than a continent, partially surrounded by water; A peninsula; A half-island.
An entity surrounded by other entities that are very different from itself.

island state island states n
państwo wyspiarskie
A state consisting of one or more islands

islander /ˈaɪləndə/ /ˈaɪləndɚ/ islanders n
wyspiarz wyspiarka
A person who lives on an island.

islet /ˈaɪ.lət/ islets n
wysepka
A small island.

ism /ˈɪz.əm/ isms n
izm
An ideology, system of thought, or practice that can be described by a word ending in -ism.

isn't /ˈɪn(t)/ /ˈɪzənt/ v
nie jest nie ma
(negative auxiliary)

isn't it so phraseologicalUnit
czyż nie
Isn't it true?
Isn't it that way?

iso- /aɪsoʊ-/ prefix
izo-
Equal; equivalent.

isobar isobars n
izobara
(meteorology) A line drawn on a map or chart connecting places of equal or constant pressure.

isocost isocosts n
izokoszta
(economics) A curve that represents a combination of various inputs that cost the same.

isogloss /-sə-/ /ˈaɪsoɡlɒs/ /ˈaɪsə(ʊ̯)ɡlɒs/ /ˈaɪsəɡlɑs/ /ˈʌɪ-/ isoglosses n
izoglosa
(linguistics) A line on a map indicating the geographical boundaries of a linguistic feature.

isohyet /ˈaɪ.soʊˌhaɪ.ɪt/ isohyets n
izohieta
A line of equal rainfall on a map or chart, such as a weather map.

isohypse isohypses n
poziomica
(cartography) A contour line; a line on a map connecting points of equal height.

isolate /ˈaɪ.sə.leɪt/ /ˈaɪ.sə.lət/ v
odizolować odizolowywać
(transitive) To set apart or cut off from others.
izolować
(transitive) To place in quarantine or isolation.
(transitive, chemistry) To separate a substance in pure form from a mixture.
(transitive) To insulate, or make free of external influence.
(transitive, microbiology) To separate a pure strain of bacteria etc. from a mixed culture.
(transitive) To insulate an electrical component from a source of electricity.

isolation /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən/ isolations n
izolacja odosobnienie
(chiefly, uncountable) The state of being isolated, detached, or separated; the state of being away from other people.
izolacja
The act of isolating.
(medicine) The separation of a patient, suffering from a contagious disease, from contact with others (compare: quarantine)

isolation transformer isolation transformers n
transformator separacyjny
A transformer used to transfer electrical power from a source of alternating current (AC) power to some equipment or device while galvanically isolating the device from the power source, usually for safety reasons.

isolationism /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃəˌnɪzəm/ isolationisms n
izolacjonizm autarkia autarkizm
A national (or group) policy of non-interaction with other nations (or groups).

isolationist more isolationist most isolationist adj
izolacjonistyczny
Relating to, or supporting, isolationism.

isolationist isolationists n
izolacjonista izolacjonistka
One who advocates or supports isolationism.

isolator isolators n
izolator
An electrical device that detects short circuits and isolates them.

isomer /ˈaɪ.sə.mə/ /ˈaɪ.sə.mɚ/ isomers n
izomer
(chemistry) Any of two or more compounds with the same molecular formula but with different structure.
(physics) Any of two or more atomic nuclei with the same mass number and atomic number but with different radioactive properties.

isomerase /aɪˈsɑməˌɹeɪs/ /aɪˈsɒməˌɹeɪz/ isomerases n
izomeraza
Any enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of one isomeric form of a chemical compound to another.

isometric /ˌaɪ.soʊˈmɛt.ɹɪk/ /ˌaɪ.səʊˈmɛt.ɹɪk/ /ˌaɪ.səˈmɛt.ɹɪk/ more isometric most isometric adj
izometryczny
Of, or exhibiting equality in dimensions.

isomorphic /ˌaɪ.soʊˈmɔɹ.fɪk/ /ˌaɪ.səˈmɔː.fɪk/ adj
izomorficzny
(mathematics) Related by an isomorphism; having a structure-preserving one-to-one correspondence.

isonomia n
izonomia
Equality before the law; possession of equal rights; equal distribution of rights and privileges.

isopentane isopentanes n
izopentan
(organic compound) An aliphatic hydrocarbon with the chemical structure CH2CH2CH(CH3)2; isomeric with pentane and neopentane.

isopod /ˈaɪ.sə(ʊ)ˌpɒd/ /ˈaɪ.səˌpɒd/ isopods n
równonóg
Any of very many crustaceans, of the order Isopoda, that have a flattened body and no carapace.

isoprene /ˈaɪsə(ʊ)pɹiːn/ /ˈaɪsəˌpɹin/ isoprenes n
izopren
(organic compound) An unsaturated hydrocarbon, C5H8, that is readily polymerized; natural rubber (caoutchouc) is cis-1,4-polyisoprene, and trans-1,4-polyisoprene is present in gutta-percha and balata; it is the structural basis for the terpenes.

isoquant isoquants n
izokwanta
(economics) A line of equal or constant economic production on a graph, chart or map

isosceles /aɪˈsɒsəliːz/ adj
równoramienny
(geometry) Having (at least) two sides of equal length, used especially of a triangle or trapezoid.

isosceles triangle isosceles triangles n
trójkąt równoramienny
(geometry) A triangle having at least two sides equal.

isospectral adj
[[izo-]]spektralny

isothermic adj
izotermiczny
(physics) (Of a thermodynamic process) during which the temperature remains constant.
(meteorology) Of equal or constant temperature with respect to space, volume, or pressure.

isotone isotones n
izoton
(nuclear physics) Any of a number of nuclides of different elements that have the same number of neutrons.

isotonic /ˌɑɪ.sə.ˈtɑː.nɪk/ adj
izotoniczny
(of two solutions) Having the same osmotic pressure.

isotope /ˈaɪ.sə.toʊp/ /ˈaɪ.sə.təʊp/ isotopes n
izotop
(nuclear physics) Any of two or more forms of an element where the atoms have the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons within their nuclei. Thus, isotopes have the same atomic number but a different mass number.

isotopic adj
izotopowy
(chemistry, physics) of, or relating to isotopes

isotropic adj
izotropowy
(physics) Having properties that are identical in all directions; exhibiting isotropy

isotype isotypes n
izotyp
(immunology) A marker corresponding to an antigen found in all members of a subclass of a specific class of immunoglobulins

issuance issuances n
wydanie
The act of issuing, or giving out.

issue /ˈɪsjuː/ /ˈɪʃ(j)u/ /ˈɪʃ(j)uː/ issues n
egzemplarz wydanie
The entire set of some item printed and disseminated during a certain period, particularly (publishing) a single printing of a particular edition of a work when contrasted with other print runs.
emisja
(finance) Any financial instrument issued by a company.
problem
(US, originally, _, psychology, usually, in the plural) A psychological or emotional difficulty, (now, _, informal, figurative, _, and, _) any problem or concern considered as a vague and intractable difficulty.

issue /ˈɪsjuː/ /ˈɪʃ(j)u/ /ˈɪʃ(j)uː/ v
emitować
To send out; to put into circulation.

isthmus /ˈɪs.məs/ /ˈɪst.məs/ /ˈɪsθ.məs/ /ˈɪz.məs/ isthmi isthmuses n
przesmyk istm istmus międzymorze
A narrow strip of land, bordered on both sides by water, and connecting two larger landmasses.

it /ɘt/ /ət/ /ɪt/ [ɪt] [ɪ̈t] [ɪ̈ʔ] its n
berek
The person who chases and tries to catch the other players in the playground game of tag.

it /ɘt/ /ət/ /ɪt/ [ɪt] [ɪ̈t] [ɪ̈ʔ] pronoun
to ono
The third-person singular personal pronoun used to refer to an inanimate object, abstract entity, or non-human living thing.

it ain't over 'til the fat lady sings proverb
dopóki piłka w grze, wszystko jest możliwe
There are more developments yet to come; one should not presume to know the outcome of an event which is still in progress.

it can't be helped phraseologicalUnit
nic się z tym nie da zrobić
(idiomatic) It is inevitable. There is no alternative.

it depends phraseologicalUnit
to zależy
Used to indicate that different situations may produce different results.

it doesn't matter phraseologicalUnit
nie ma znaczenia nieważne
It is not important; do not fret (used to reassure or comfort the person to whom it is said).
I withdraw my previous statement (often used if it wasn't heard or understood).

it happens phraseologicalUnit
zdarza się
Worrying is not necessary, since it is common to make this mistake or for this to occur.

it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God proverb
łatwiej jest wielbłądowi przejść przez ucho igielne, niż bogatemu wejść do królestwa niebieskiego
(Christianity, Biblical) It is unlikely that the wealthy will go to heaven.

it is easy to find a stick to beat a dog proverb
jak się chce psa uderzyć, kij się znajdzie

it is what it is phraseologicalUnit
jest jak jest
(literally, sometimes, philosophical) This thing has its own distinct nature; this thing is itself.

it never rains but it pours proverb
nieszczęścia chodzą parami
Unfortunate events occur in quantity.

it takes all kinds to make a world proverb
na świecie różnie bywa
(idiom) Diversity is essential: the world would be incomplete if everyone were alike; an expression of surprise at a person or people's eccentricity.

it takes one to know one proverb
swój swojego zawsze pozna
(idiomatic) expressing the same underlying character-judgment themes as pot calling the kettle black or set a thief to catch a thief.

it takes two to tango proverb
do tanga trzeba dwojga
(idiomatic) Some things need the active cooperation of two parties; blame is to be laid on both parties in a conflict.

it was delicious phraseologicalUnit
był przepyszny
Said to compliment a meal after eating it.

it's a deal phraseologicalUnit
zgoda

it's a small world phraseologicalUnit
jaki ten świat mały
Used to express surprise at meeting an acquaintance or discovering a personal connection in a distant place or an unexpected context.

it's all Greek to me /ɪts ˌɔːl ˈɡɹiːk tə ˌmiː/ phraseologicalUnit
to dla mnie chińszczyzna
(idiomatic) I don't understand any of it; it makes no sense.

it's an emergency phraseologicalUnit
to jest pilne to nagły wypadek
Indicates that the current situation is an emergency.

it's cold outside phraseologicalUnit
jest chłodno na dworze jest chłodno na polu
Indicates that the weather is cold.

it's not my fault phraseologicalUnit
to nie moja wina
I did not cause the problem.

it's raining phraseologicalUnit
pada deszcz
Indicates that rain is falling.

it's snowing phraseologicalUnit
pada śnieg
Snow is falling.

it's the thought that counts proverb
liczy się gest
When giving someone a present or doing a favour for someone, the kindness behind the act is more important than any other consideration.

it's too expensive phraseologicalUnit
to jest za drogie
Indicates the speaker thinks that the price is too high.

italic /aɪˈtælɪk/ /ɪˈtælɪk/ italics n
kursywa
(typography) A typeface in which the letters slant to the right.

itch /ɪt͡ʃ/ itches n
swędzenie świąd świerzbienie
A sensation felt on an area of the skin that causes a person or animal to want to scratch said area.

itch /ɪt͡ʃ/ v
swędzieć świerzbić
(intransitive, stative) To feel itchy; to feel a need to be scratched.

itch mite itch mites n
świerzbowiec
Sarcoptes scabiei, a parasitic arthropod that burrows into the skin and causes scabies.

itching powder itching powders n
proszek swędzący

item /ˈaɪ.təm/ /ˈɑɪ.təm/ [ˈaɪ̯.ɾm̩] [ˈaɪ̯.ɾəm] [ˈɑɪ.ɾəm] items n
przedmiot rzecz obiekt artykuł sztuka
A distinct physical object.

iteration /ɪ.təˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ /ɪ.təˈɹæɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɪt.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ [ɪ.təˈɹeɪ.ʃn̩] [ɪ.ɾəˈɹæɪ.ʃən] [ˌɪɾ.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən] iterations n
iteracja
(computing) The use of repetition in a computer program, especially in the form of a loop.
(computing) A single repetition of the code within such a repetitive process.

iterative /ˈɪt(ə)ɹətɪv/ /ˈɪtəˌɹeɪtɪv/ [ˈɪt.əˌɹeɪ.tɪv] [ˈɪɾ.(ə.)ɹə.tɪv] [ˈɪɾ.(ə.)ɹə.ɾɪv] [ˈɪɾ.əˌɹeɪ.tɪv] [ˈɪɾ.əˌɹeɪ.ɾɪv] adj
iteracyjny
Of a procedure that involves repetition of steps (iteration) to achieve the desired outcome; in computing this may involve a mechanism such as a loop.

itinerary /aɪˈtɪnə(ɹə)ɹi/ /aɪˈtɪnəɹɛɹi/ itineraries n
marszruta plan podróży trasa podróży
A route or proposed route of a journey.

its /ɪts/ pronoun
jego jej swój ów
The one (or ones) belonging to it. [from 17th c.]

itself /ɪtˈsɛlf/ pronoun
się
(reflexive pronoun) it; A thing as the object of a verb or preposition that also appears as the subject
(emphatic, archaic) it; used to refer back to an earlier subject
się ono samo
(emphatic) it; used to intensify the subject, especially to emphasize that it is the only participant in the predicate

ivory /ˈaɪv(ə)ɹi/ ivories n
kość słoniowa
(uncountable) The hard white form of dentin which forms the tusks of elephants, walruses and other animals.
A creamy white color, the color of ivory.
Something made from or resembling ivory.
(collective, singular or in plural) The teeth.
(collective, singular or in plural) The keys of a piano.
(slang, ethnic slur) A white person.
(informal) A die (object bearing numbers, thrown in games of chance).

ivory gull ivory gulls n
mewa modrodzioba
An Arctic seabird species in the gull family Laridae, Pagophila eburnea.

ivory tower /ˈaɪvəɹi ˈtaʊə/ /ˈaɪvəɹi ˈtaʊɚ/ ivory towers n
wieża z kości słoniowej
(idiomatic) A sheltered, overly-academic existence or perspective, implying a disconnection or lack of awareness of reality or practical considerations.

ivy /ˈaɪvi/ ivies n
bluszcz
Any of several woody, climbing, or trailing evergreen plants of the genus Hedera.

ivylike more ivylike most ivylike adj
bluszczowaty

jab /d͡ʒæb/ jabs n
cios prosty
(boxing) A short straight punch.
zaczepka
(US, figurative) A mild verbal insult.

jab /d͡ʒæb/ v
bodnąć bóść
To poke or thrust abruptly, or to make such a motion.
uderzać
To deliver a quick punch.
wstrzykiwać wstrzyknąć
(slang, UK) To give someone an injection.

jabber /ˈd͡ʒæbə(ɹ)/ n
bełkot gadanina terkot
Rapid or incoherent talk, with indistinct utterance; gibberish.

jabber /ˈd͡ʒæbə(ɹ)/ v
bełkotać paplać trajkotać
(transitive) To utter rapidly or indistinctly; to gabble.

jabot /ˈʒæ.bəʊ/ jabots n
żabot
A cascading or ornamental frill down the front of a blouse, shirt, etc.

jacamar jacamars n
złotopiór
Any of various insectivorous tropical birds, of the family Galbulidae, having iridescent plumage and a long, sharp bill.

jacinth /ˈd͡ʒeɪ.sɪnθ/ /ˈd͡ʒæ.sɪnθ/ jacinths n
hiacynt
A translucent, reddish type of zircon used as a gemstone; a hyacinth.

jack /d͡ʒæk/ jacks n
lewar
A mechanical device used to raise and (temporarily) support a heavy object, now especially to lift one side of a motor vehicle when (e.g.) changing a tyre. [from 17th c.]

jack of all trades jacks of all trades n
omnibus
(idiomatic) One competent in many endeavors, especially one who excels in none of them.

jack of clubs jacks of clubs n
walet trefl
(card games) One of the 52 playing cards in a standard deck.

jack shit pronoun
chuj gówno ni cholery ni chuja
(vulgar) Nothing, (lack of) anything (i.e. lack of anything of value).

jack-o'-lantern /ˈdʒæk.oʊˌlæn.tɚn/ /ˈdʒæk.əʊˌlæn.tən/ /ˈdʒæk.əˌlæn.tɚn/ jack-o'-lanterns n
latarnia z dyni
A carved pumpkin whose top and stem have been cut out and interior removed, leaving a hollow shell that is then decorated to represent a face, illuminated from within by a candle. It is a symbol of Halloween.

jackal /ˈd͡ʒækəl/ jackals n
szakal
Any of certain wild canids of the genera Lupulella and Canis, native to the tropical Old World and smaller than a wolf.

jackass jackasses n
osioł
A male donkey.
(chiefly, US) A foolish or stupid person.

jackdaw /ˈdʒækˌdɔː/ /ˈd͡ʒækˌdɑ/ /ˈd͡ʒækˌdɔ/ jackdaws n
kawka
A European bird (Coloeus monedula) of the crow family, often nesting in church towers and ruins.

jacket /ˈd͡ʒæk.ət/ /ˈd͡ʒæk.ɪt/ jackets n
kurtka
A piece of clothing worn on the upper body outside a shirt or blouse, often waist length to thigh length.
marynarka żakiet
A piece of a person's suit, beside trousers and, sometimes, waistcoat; coat (US)

jackfruit jackfruit jackfruits n
chlebowiec różnolistny dżakfrut jackfruit
The large fruit from this tree.

jackhammer jackhammers n
młot pneumatyczny
A portable percussive power tool that combines a hammer and chisel used to drill or break hard matter, for instance rock or concrete.

jackpot /ˈd͡ʒækpɒt/ jackpots n
główna wygrana
A money prize pool which accumulates until the conditions are met for it to be won.

jacksnipe jacksnipe jacksnipes n
bekasik
Any of species Lymnocryptes minimus of migratory small stocky waders, the smallest of the snipes.

jacuzzi /d͡ʒəˈkuːzi/ jacuzzis n
jacuzzi
A hot tub or whirlpool bath with underwater jets that massage the body.

jade /d͡ʒeɪd/ jades n
żad
A semiprecious stone, either nephrite or jadeite, generally green or white in color, often used for carving figurines.
A bright shade of slightly bluish or greyish green, typical of polished jade stones.
A succulent plant, Crassula ovata.
chabeta szkapa
A horse too old to be put to work.

jaded /ˈd͡ʒeɪdɪd/ more jaded most jaded adj
sterany
Worn out, wearied, exhausted or lacking enthusiasm, due to age or experience.
zblazowany
Made callous or cynically insensitive, by experience.

jadeite /ˈd͡ʒeɪˌdaɪt/ jadeites n
jadeit
(mineral) A pyroxene mineral, a sodium aluminium silicate with the chemical formula Na(Al,Fe3+)Si2O6, found in metamorphic rocks.

jaeger /ˈjeɪɡə/ /ˈjeɪɡəɹ/ jaegers n
jegier
Any of three seabirds in the skua genus Stercorarius.
A hunter's guide.
A rifle.
A sharpshooter, a rifleman, light infantry.

jaggery /ˈdʒæɡəɹi/ /ˈdʒæɡɹi/ /ˈd͡ʒæɡəɹi/ jaggeries n
jaggery
A traditional dark-brown unrefined sugar made from palm tree sap which is used throughout South and Southeast Asia; (by extension) other types of unrefined sugar.

jaguar /ˈd͡ʒæɡ.(j)u.ɑɹ/ /ˈd͡ʒæɡ.juː.ɑː/ /ˈd͡ʒæɡ.juː.ə/ /ˈd͡ʒæɡ.jʊə/ /ˈd͡ʒæɡ.waɪɚ/ /ˈd͡ʒæɡ.wɑɹ/ jaguars n
jaguar
A carnivorous spotted large cat native to South and Central America, Panthera onca.

jail /d͡ʒeɪ(ə)l/ jails n
więzienie
A place or institution for the confinement of persons held against their will in lawful custody or detention, especially (in US usage) a place where people are held for minor offenses or with reference to some future judicial proceeding.
(uncountable) Confinement in a jail.

jailbird jailbirds n
kryminalista
A prisoner or an ex-prisoner

jailer /ˈd͡ʒeɪlə(ɹ)/ jailers n
strażnik więzienny strażniczka więzienna
One who enforces confinement in a jail or prison.

jalapeño /d͡ʒəˈlæpənoʊ/ /ˌdʒæləˈpiːnəʊ/ /ˌhæ.ləˈpeɪn.joʊ/ /ˌhæ.ləˈpeɪn.oʊ/ /ˌhæ.ləˈpin.oʊ/ /ˌhæl.əˈpeɪn.jəʊ/ /ˌhæləˈpiːnəʊ/ /ˌhæləˈpɛnjəʊ/ /ˌhɑ.ləˈpeɪn.joʊ/ /ˌhɑ.ləˈpeɪn.oʊ/ /ˌhɑ.ləˈpin.joʊ/ /ˌhɑ.ləˈpin.oʊ/ [-pe(ɪ)n-] [-pɛn-] [ˌhaləˈpiːnjo] jalapeños n
jalapeño
A cultivar of hot chili pepper, Capsicum annuum.

jalopy /d͡ʒəˈlɒ.pi/ jalopies n
gruchot
(US, dated) An old, dilapidated or unpretentious automobile.

jam /ˈdʒæːm/ /ˈd͡ʒæm/ jams n
dżem
(less common in the, _, US) A sweet mixture of fruit boiled with sugar and allowed to congeal. Often spread on bread or toast or used in jam tarts.
korek
(countable) A blockage, congestion, or immobilization.

jam /ˈdʒæːm/ /ˈd͡ʒæm/ v
wciskać wcisnąć
To brusquely force something into a space; to cram, to squeeze.
zakorkować zatkać
To cause congestion or blockage. Often used with "up".
zagłuszać
To block or confuse a radio or radar signal by transmitting a more-powerful signal on the same frequency.

jam session jam sessions n
jam session
(music) An informal gathering of musicians to play music, especially improvised jazz or a similar genre.

jamb /d͡ʒæm/ jambs n
węgar węgarek
(architecture, interior decorating, carpentry) Either of the vertical components that form the side of an opening in a wall, such as that of a door frame, window frame, or fireplace.

jamboree /ˌdʒæm.bəˈɹiː/ jamborees n
jamboree
(scouting) A large rally of Scouts or Guides.

jammer /ˈd͡ʒæmɚ/ jammers n
zakłócacz
Any device used to jam radio reception.

janissary /-səɹi/ /ˈdʒanɪzəɹi/ /ˈd͡ʒænəˌzeɹi/ /ˈja-/ janissaries n
janczar
(historical) An infantry soldier, often of European Christian background from the Balkans as well as Eastern Europe and forcibly converted to Islam, in a former elite Turkish (Ottoman) guard (disbanded in 1826); (by extension) any Turkish soldier, particularly one escorting a traveller.

janitor /ˈd͡ʒænɪtə/ /ˈd͡ʒænɪtɚ/ janitors n
woźna woźny
(Scotland) A caretaker or custodian; someone who maintains a school building specifically and may serve other administrative roles.
odźwierny portier portierka
A doorman.

janitress janitresses n
woźna
a female janitor

jar /dʒaː/ /dʒɐː/ /dʒɑː/ /d͡ʒɑɹ/ [d͡ʒaː(ɹ)] [d͡ʒɐː(ɹ)] [d͡ʒɑɹ] jars n
słoik słój
A small, approximately cylindrical container, normally made of clay or glass, for holding fruit, preserves, etc., or for ornamental purposes.

jararaca jararacas n
żararaka
A venomous snake of species Bothrops jararaca, found in South America.

jargon /ˈdʒɑː.ɡən/ /ˈd͡ʒɑɹ.ɡən/ jargons n
żargon
(uncountable) A technical terminology unique to a particular subject.
(countable) A language characteristic of a particular group.

jarl /jɑɹl̩/ /jɑːl/ jarls n
jarl
(historical) A medieval Scandinavian nobleman, especially in Norway and Denmark.

jasmine /ˈd͡ʒæzmɪn/ jasmines n
jaśmin
Any of several plants, of the genus Jasminum, mostly native to Asia, having fragrant white or yellow flowers.
The perfume obtained from these plants.

jasper /ˈdʒæs.pə/ /ˈd͡ʒæs.pɚ/ jaspers n
jaspis
(obsolete) Any bright-coloured kind of chalcedony apart from cornelian.
An opaque, impure variety of quartz, of red, yellow, and other dull colors, breaking conchoidally with a smooth surface.
Jasperware pottery.

jaundice /ˈd͡ʒændɚz/ /ˈd͡ʒɑndɚz/ /ˈd͡ʒɔndɚz/ /ˈd͡ʒɔndɪs/ /ˈd͡ʒɔːndɪs/ jaundices n
żółtaczka
(pathology) A morbid condition, characterized by yellowness of the eyes, skin, and urine. [from early 14th c.]

javelin /ˈd͡ʒæv.(ə.)lɪn/ javelins n
oszczep
A light spear thrown with the hand and used as a weapon.
A metal-tipped spear thrown for distance in an athletic field event.

javelin throw javelin throws n
rzut oszczepem
(athletics) An athletic throwing event where the object to be thrown is the javelin, a spear-like object made of metal, fiberglass and, in some cases, kyshashrek.

javelin thrower javelin throwers n
oszczepniczka oszczepnik
(athletics) An athlete who competes in the javelin throw.

javelineer javelineers n
oszczepnik
A soldier who throws a javelin.

jaw /d͡ʒɑ/ /d͡ʒɔ/ /d͡ʒɔː/ jaws n
szczęka żuchwa czeluść
One of the bones, usually bearing teeth, which form the framework of the mouth.

jaw-dropping /ˈd͡ʒɔ ˌdɹɑpɪŋ/ /ˈd͡ʒɔː ˌdɹɒpɪŋ/ more jaw-dropping most jaw-dropping adj
zadziwiający zaskakujący
(informal) Causing great awe or surprise.

jawbone jawbones n
szczęka dolna szczęka żuchwa
(countable) The bone of the lower jaw; the mandible.
szczęka
(countable) Any of the bones in the lower or upper jaw.

jaws of life n
szczęki życia
(firefighting) Emergency rescue equipment used to open a severely damaged passenger vehicle with a strong mechanical jaw function that forcibly pushes or pulls metal components apart, to quickly and somewhat safely extricate the trapped occupants.

jay /ˈd͡ʒeɪ/ jays n
jot
The name of the Latin-script letter J.
sójka
Any of various other birds of similar appearance and behaviour.

jazz /d͡ʒæz/ jazzes n
jazz dżez
(music genre) A musical art form rooted in West African cultural and musical expression and in the African American blues tradition, with diverse influences over time, commonly characterized by blue notes, syncopation, swing, call and response, polyrhythms and improvisation.
cała reszta różne takie
The substance or makeup of a thing; unspecified thing(s).
świetny
(with positive terms) Something of excellent quality, the genuine article.
bzdura
Nonsense.

jazz /d͡ʒæz/ v
dżezować jazzować
To play (jazz music).

jazz band jazz bands n
dżezbend jazz-band jazzband
(music, jazz) A musical band that plays jazz music.

jazzily more jazzily most jazzily adv
jazzowo
In a jazzy way.

jazzist jazzists n
dżezista jazzista
A jazz musician.

jazzman jazzmen n
dżezmen jazzman
(music) A male member of a jazz band.

jealous /ˈd͡ʒɛləs/ jealouser jealousest more jealous most jealous adj
zazdrosny
Suspecting rivalry in love; troubled by worries that one might have been replaced in someone's affections; suspicious of a lover's or spouse's fidelity. [from 13th c.]
Envious; feeling resentful or angered toward someone for a perceived advantage or success, material or otherwise. [from 14th c.]

jealously more jealously most jealously adv
zazdrośnie
In a jealous manner.

jealousy /ˈd͡ʒɛləsi/ jealousies n
zazdrość zawiść
(countable, uncountable) A state of being jealous; a jealous attitude.
(archaic) A close concern for someone or something, solicitude, vigilance.

jeans /d͡ʒiːnz/ n
dżinsy jeansy teksasy
denim trousers

jeep /d͡ʒiːp/ jeeps n
dżip
(genericized trademark) A sport utility vehicle or similar four-wheel-drive vehicle.

jeer /d͡ʒɪə(ɹ)/ /d͡ʒɪɹ/ v
kpić wyśmiewać
(intransitive, with at) To utter sarcastic or mocking comments; to speak with mockery or derision; to use taunting language.

jejunum /dʒɪˈdʒuːnəm/ jejuna jejunums n
jelito czcze
(anatomy) The central of the three divisions of the small intestine which lies between the duodenum and the ileum

jelly /ˈd͡ʒɛl.i/ jellies n
galaretka
(New Zealand, Australia, British) A dessert made by boiling gelatine, sugar and some flavouring (often derived from fruit) and allowing it to set, known as "jello" in North America.
galareta auszpik galart zimne nóżki
A savoury substance, derived from meat, that has the same texture as the dessert.
dupsko zad
(US, slang) A large backside, especially a woman's.

jellyfish /ˈd͡ʒɛliˌfɪʃ/ jellyfish jellyfishes n
meduza
An almost transparent aquatic animal; any one of the acalephs, especially one of the larger species, having a jellylike appearance.

jereed jereeds n
dziryt
(countable) A blunt javelin used by the people of the Levant, especially in mock fights.

jeremiad /ˌd͡ʒɛɹ.əˈmaɪ.əd/ jeremiads n
jeremiada
A long speech or prose work that bitterly laments the state of society and its morals, and often contains a prophecy of its coming downfall.

jerk /d͡ʒɜːk/ /d͡ʒɝk/ jerks n
zryw
(physics, engineering) The rate of change in acceleration with respect to time.

jerk off v
walić konia trzepać gruchę
(intransitive, vulgar) To do nothing; to waste time.

jerkin /ˈd͡ʒɜː.kɪn/ /ˈd͡ʒɝ.kɪn/ jerkins n
bezrękawnik kamizelka serdak
A sleeveless jacket, usually leather; a long waistcoat.

jerrycan /ˈd͡ʒɛɹiˌkæn/ /ˈd͡ʒɛɹɪˌkæn/ jerrycans n
kanister
A robust fuel container often made from pressed steel.

jersey /ˈd͡ʒɜːzi/ /ˈd͡ʒɝzi/ jerseys n
dżersej
(countable) A garment knitted from wool, worn over the upper body.
(uncountable) A type of fabric knit

jester /ˈd͡ʒɛs.tə/ /ˈd͡ʒɛs.tɚ/ jesters jestress n
błazen
One who jests, jokes or teases.

jet /d͡ʒɛt/ jets n
dysza
A spout or nozzle for creating a jet of fluid.
A part of a carburetor that controls the amount of fuel mixed with the air.
gagat
(color) The colour of jet coal, deep grey.
silnik odrzutowy
A rocket engine.
strumień
An engine that propels a vehicle using a stream of fluid as propulsion.

jet /d͡ʒɛt/ v
wytrysnąć
To strut; to walk with a lofty or haughty gait; to be insolent; to obtrude.

jet engine jet engines n
silnik odrzutowy
An engine that obtains thrust by taking in air at the front, using it to burn fuel, then ejecting the hot combustion products at the rear through a propulsive nozzle.
Any engine propelled by expelling a high speed fluid jet (jet propulsion), such as a rocket, turbojet, turbofan, ramjet, etc.

jet lag jet lags n
jet lag jetlag
(aviation) A physical condition caused by crossing time zones during flight; often the result of disruption to the circadian rhythms of the body.

jet pack jet packs n
jet pack
(aviation) A piece of equipment that may be strapped to a person’s back and generate vertical thrust by a downward discharge of jet fluid, thereby rendering the person capable of flight.

jet plane jet planes n
odrzutowiec samolot odrzutowy
A jet: an airplane that is powered by a jet engine.

jet ski jet skis n
skuter wodny
A small motorized watercraft with a flattish hull and an upright centre, which a rider sits astride.

jet stream jet streams n
prąd strumieniowy
(meteorology) any of the high-speed, high-altitude air currents that circle the Earth in a westerly direction

jet-black n
kruczoczarny
Coal-black; the blackest black.

jettison /-zn̩/ /ˈd͡ʒɛtɪsn̩/ /ˈd͡ʒɛtɪsən/ /ˈd͡ʒɛɾəsən/ /ˈd͡ʒɛɾɪsn̩/ jettisons n
balast
(uncountable, collective) Items that have been or are about to be ejected from a boat or balloon.

jeunesse dorée n
złota młodzież
Young people who are dazzlingly rich, elegant, etc.; the youthful part of fashionable society.

jewel /d͡ʒul/ /ˈd͡ʒu.əl/ /ˈd͡ʒuːl/ /ˈd͡ʒuːəl/ /ˈd͡ʒʊəl/ jewels n
klejnot kamień szlachetny
A precious or semi-precious stone; gem, gemstone.
klejnot
A valuable object used for personal ornamentation, especially one made of precious metals and stones; a piece of jewellery.
klejnot perła skarb
(figuratively) Anything precious or valuable.

jewel box jewel boxes n
szkatuła szkatułka
A box for storing jewels.

jeweler /ˈd͡ʒu(ə)lɚ/ /ˈd͡ʒuːələ/ jewelers n
jubiler jubilerka
A person whose job is making, repairing or selling jewelry.

jeweller's n
jubiler sklep jubilerski
(British, Canadian) A shop that sells jewellery

jewellery /ˈd͡ʒuː(ə)ləɹi/ /ˈd͡ʒuː(ə)lɹi/ /ˈd͡ʒʊ(ə)lɹi/ jewelleries n
biżuteria
Collectively, personal ornamentation such as rings, necklaces, brooches and bracelets, made of precious metals and sometimes set with gemstones.

jib /d͡ʒɪb/ jibs n
wysięgnik
The projecting arm of a crane.
kliwer
(nautical, usually with a modifier) Any of a variety of specialty triangular staysails set forward of the foremast.

jib boom jib booms n
bomstenga bukszpir kliwerbom
(nautical) A spar attached to the outboard end of a bowsprit or flying jib boom with an additional stay to increase sail area.

jiffy /ˈd͡ʒɪ.fi/ jiffies n
chwilka
(colloquial) A very short, unspecified length of time. [from 1780.]

jiggermast jiggermasts n
czwarty w wysokości maszt
(nautical) The fourth-tallest mast on a ship with more than three masts; particularly a full-rigged ship.

jigsaw /ˈd͡ʒɪɡsɔː/ jigsaws n
laubzega wyrzynarka
A power saw with fine teeth and a narrow blade which can cut curves in wood or metal.

jigsaw puzzle jigsaw puzzles n
puzzle
A type of puzzle in which the aim is to reconstruct a picture that has been cut (originally, with a jigsaw) into many small interlocking pieces.

jihad /d͡ʒəˈhɑːd/ /d͡ʒɪˈhæd/ /d͡ʒɪˈhɑːd/ /ˈd͡ʒiːhæd/ /ˈd͡ʒiːhɑːd/ jihads n
dżihad
(Islam) A holy war undertaken by Muslims.
(Islam, theology) A personal spiritual struggle for self-improvement and/or against evil.

jihadist jihadists n
dżihadysta dżihadystka
One who participates in a jihad, an Islamic holy war or conflict; a mujahid.

jimsonweed jimsonweeds n
bieluń dziędzierzawa diabelskie ziele
(US) A poisonous plant of the Datura stramonium species, part of the nightshade (Solanaceae) family, occasionally ingested as a hallucinogen.
bieluń
(US, by extension, proscribed) Any poisonous plant of the genus Datura.

jingle bell /ˈd͡ʒɪŋɡ(ə)l ˌbɛl/ /ˈd͡ʒɪŋɡl̩ bɛl/ jingle bells n
bubieniec
A small, hollow, spherical metal bell with a narrow slit opening or small holes, containing a loose ball or rod as a clapper, which is attached to a horse's harness as a signal, or (percussion instrument) used as a musical instrument.

jingoism /ˈd͡ʒɪŋɡəʊɪz(ə)m/ jingoisms n
hurrapatriotyzm
(uncountable) Excessive patriotism or aggressive nationalism, especially with regards to foreign policy.

jinn /d͡ʒɪn/ jawan jinn jinnah jinnan jinns n
dżin
(Arabic culture) A human-like spiritual or immaterial being, as opposed to al-ins (people), often invisible but able to manifest in form and also inhabit people or animals; origin of the genie of Western literature, film etc.

jinx /d͡ʒɪŋks/ interjection
moje szczęście, twój pech raz, dwa, trzy, moje szczęście
Used after the same thing is said by two people simultaneously.

jinx /d͡ʒɪŋks/ v
zapeszyć
(transitive) To bring bad luck to.

jizya jizyas n
dżizja
(Islam, historical) A per capita tax levied on a section of an Islamic state's non-Muslim citizens, who meet certain criteria.

job /d͡ʒɑb/ /d͡ʒɒb/ jobs n
praca zadanie zajęcie
A task.
(computing) A task, or series of tasks, carried out in batch mode (especially on a mainframe computer).
praca
An economic role for which a person is paid.

job center job centers n
pośredniak urząd pracy
(business) An agency, often a government agency, that tries to find a job for working-age people.

job description job descriptions n
zakres obowiązków

job fair job fairs n
targi pracy
An event organised for employers, recruiters and schools to meet with prospective jobseekers.

job interview job interviews n
rozmowa kwalifikacyjna interview rozmowa o pracę
A formal interview in which a job applicant must answer questions, especially in a professional manner, to determine whether they are suitable for the job applied for.

job offer job offers n
oferta pracy
An offer to give someone employment.

job security n
bezpieczeństwo zatrudnienia
The probability that an individual will keep his/her job.

joblessness n
bezrobocie
the phenomenon or level of unemployment in an economy

jobseeker jobseekers n
osoba poszukująca pracy
A person seeking employment.

jobseeking n
poszukiwanie pracy

jockey /ˈdʒɒki/ jockeys n
dżokej
One who rides racehorses competitively.

jockstrap /ˈd͡ʒɑkstɹæp/ /ˈd͡ʒɒkstɹæp/ jockstraps n
suspensorium
(sports) An athletic supporter worn by men and boys to support the genitals during strenuous exercise.

jocular /ˈd͡ʒɑkjəlɚ/ /ˈd͡ʒɒkjʊlə/ more jocular most jocular adj
żartobliwy
Humorous, amusing or joking.

jodhpurs /ˈd͡ʒɑdpɚz/ /ˈd͡ʒɒdpəz/ /ˈd͡ʒəʊdpəz/ n
bryczesy
Flared riding trousers of heavy cloth, fitting tightly from knee to ankle.

jog /d͡ʒɑɡ/ /d͡ʒɒɡ/ v
biegać
To cause to move at an energetic trot.

jogging /ˈd͡ʒɑ.ɡɪŋ/ /ˈd͡ʒɒɡ.ɪŋ/ /ˈd͡ʒɔɡ.ɪŋ/ joggings n
jogging
The practice of running at a relatively slow pace for exercise.

joie de vivre /ˌʒwɑ də ˈviv(ɹə)/ /ˌʒwɑː də ˈviːvɹə/ n
radość życia
Enjoyment of living; happiness, ebullience, zest for life.

join /ˈd͡ʒɔɪn/ v
połączyć łączyć
(transitive) To connect or combine into one; to put together.
łączyć połączyć
(intransitive) To come together; to meet.
dołączać dołączyć przyłączać przyłączyć
(transitive) To come into the company of.
wstąpić przystąpić przystępować wstępować
(transitive) To become a member of.

join the club phraseologicalUnit
witaj w klubie
(idiomatic) An expression of sympathy for a shared experience.

joiner /ˈd͡ʒɔɪnə/ /ˈd͡ʒɔɪnɚ/ joiners n
stolarz
A maker of wooden furniture or fittings.

joinery joineries n
zakład stolarski
A factory producing wooden products such as tables, doors, and cabinets.

joint /d͡ʒɔɪnt/ adj
wspólny
Done by two or more people or organisations working together.

joint /d͡ʒɔɪnt/ joints n
staw
(anatomy) Any part of the body where two bones join, in most cases allowing that part of the body to be bent or straightened.
złącze
A cut of meat, especially (but not necessarily) (a) one containing a joint in the sense of an articulation or (b) one rolled up and tied.
cios
(geology) A fracture in which the strata are not offset; a geologic joint.
joint skręt dżoint gibon
(slang) A marijuana cigarette.

joint lock joint locks n
dźwignia
(combat sports) Any lock designed to hyperextend one of the joints of the body, leading to pain and/or injury.

joint venture joint ventures n
wspólne przedsięwzięcie
A cooperative partnership between two individuals or businesses in which profits and risks are shared.

joint-stock company joint-stock companies n
SA spółka akcyjna
(business, finance, legal, UK) A company with transferable ownership interests and limited shareholder liability.
(business, finance, legal, US) A company with transferable ownership interests and unlimited shareholder liability.

jointly adv
razem wspólnie
Together, acting as one; collectively.

joke /d͡ʒoʊk/ /d͡ʒəʊk/ jokes n
dowcip kawał żart
An amusing story.
dowcip żart kawał
Something said or done for amusement, not in seriousness.
dowcip
(figuratively) The root cause or main issue, especially an unexpected one
żart
(figuratively) A laughably worthless thing or person; a sham.

joke /d͡ʒoʊk/ /d͡ʒəʊk/ v
żartować
(intransitive) To do or say something for amusement rather than seriously.

joke shop joke shops n
sklep z psikusami

joker /ˈd͡ʒoʊkɚ/ /ˈd͡ʒəʊkə/ jokers n
dowcipniś żartowniś błazen
A person who makes jokes.
dżoker joker
A playing card that features a picture of a joker (that is, a jester) and that may be used as a wild card in some card games.

jokingly more jokingly most jokingly adv
w żartobliwy sposób żartem żartobliwie
In a joking manner.

jostle /ˈd͡ʒɑ.səl/ /ˈd͡ʒɒs.əl/ v
trącać trącić
(ambitransitive) To bump into or brush against while in motion; to push aside.
rozepchać się rozepchnąć się rozpychać się
(intransitive) To move through by pushing and shoving.

jot /d͡ʒɑt/ /d͡ʒɒt/ jots n
jota
The smallest letter or stroke of any writing; an iota.

jot /d͡ʒɑt/ /d͡ʒɒt/ v
skrobnąć
(transitive) Chiefly followed by down: to write (something) quickly; to make a brief note of (something).

joule /d͡ʒaʊl/ /d͡ʒuːl/ joules n
dżul
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of energy, work and heat; the work required to exert a force of one newton for a distance of one metre. Equivalent to one watt of power for a duration of one second. Symbol: J

journal /ˈd͡ʒɜːnəl/ /ˈd͡ʒɝnəl/ journals n
diariusz dziennik
A diary or daily record of a person, organization, vessel etc.; daybook.
czasopismo
A newspaper or magazine dealing with a particular subject.
dziennik log rejestr zdarzeń
(accounting) A chronological record of payments or receipts.
(computing) A chronological record of changes made to a database or other system; along with a backup or image copy that allows recovery after a failure or reinstatement to a previous time; a log.

journalism /ˈd͡ʒəːn(ə)lɪzəm/ /ˈd͡ʒɚnl̩ˌɪzəm/ journalisms n
dziennikarstwo
The activity or profession of being a journalist.

journalist /ˈd͡ʒɜːnəlɪst/ /ˈd͡ʒɝnəlɪst/ journalists n
dziennikarz dziennikarka
One whose occupation is journalism, originally only writing in the printed press.
A reporter, someone who professionally reports on news and current events.

journalistic /ˌd͡ʒɜː(ɹ)nəˈlɪstɪk/ adj
dziennikarski
Related to journalism or journalists.

journalistically more journalistically most journalistically adv
publicystycznie

journey /ˈd͡ʒɜːni/ /ˈd͡ʒɝni/ journeys n
podróż wyjazd wypad
A set amount of travelling, seen as a single unit; a discrete trip, a voyage.

journeyman /ˈd͡ʒɜːnimən/ /ˈd͡ʒɝnimən/ journeymen n
czeladnik
A tradesman who has served an apprenticeship and is employed by a master tradesman.

joust /d͡ʒaʊst/ /d͡ʒuːst/ /d͡ʒʌst/ /d͡ʒʌʊst/ jousts n
turniej
A tilting match: a mock combat between two mounted knights or men-at-arms using lances in the lists or enclosed field.

jovial /ˈd͡ʒoʊ.vəl/ /ˈd͡ʒoʊ.vɪ.əl/ /ˈd͡ʒəʊ.vɪ.əl/ more jovial most jovial adj
jowialny wesoły
(comparable) Cheerful and good-humoured; jolly, merry.

jovially /ˈd͡ʒoʊ.vɪ.ə.li/ /ˈd͡ʒəʊ.vɪ.ə.li/ more jovially most jovially adv
jowialnie swawolnie
(by extension) In a jovial manner; jollily, merrily.

joy /d͡ʒɔɪ/ joys n
radość uciecha
A feeling of extreme happiness or cheerfulness, especially related to the acquisition or expectation of something good.

joyful /ˈd͡ʒɔɪfəl/ joyfuller joyfullest more joyful most joyful adj
wesoły radosny
Feeling or causing joy.

joyless more joyless most joyless adj
bezradosny
without joy; unhappy, sad

joystick /ˈdʒɔɪstɪk/ joysticks n
dżojstik joystick
A mechanical device consisting of a handgrip mounted on a base or pedestal and typically having one or more buttons, used to control an aircraft, computer, or other equipment.

jubilantly /ˈd͡ʒuː.bə.lənt.li/ /ˈd͡ʒuː.bɪ.lənt.li/ more jubilantly most jubilantly adv
radośnie tryumfalnie
With jubilation or triumph.

jubilarian jubilarians n
jubilat jubilatka
A person celebrating a jubilee or other special anniversary.

jubilee /ˈd͡ʒubəl/ /ˈd͡ʒubəˌli/ /ˈd͡ʒuːbɪl/ /ˈd͡ʒuːbɪliː/ /ˌd͡ʒubəˈli/ /ˌd͡ʒuːbɪˈliː/ jubilees n
jubileusz
A major anniversary of an event, particularly the fiftieth (50th) anniversary of a coronation or marriage. [from late 14th c.]

judder /ˈd͡ʒʌdə/ /ˈd͡ʒʌdɚ/ judders n
wstrząs
A spasmodic shaking.

judge /d͡ʒʌd͡ʒ/ judges n
sędzia sędzina
A public official whose duty it is to administer the law, especially by presiding over trials and rendering judgments; a justice.
sędzia arbiter
A person officiating at a sports event, a contest, or similar.

judge /d͡ʒʌd͡ʒ/ v
osądzać osądzić wyrokować
(transitive) To sit in judgment on; to pass sentence on (a person or matter).
sędziować
(intransitive) To sit in judgment, to act as judge.
osądzić osądzać
(transitive) To form an opinion on; to appraise.

judge, jury and executioner judges, juries and executioners n
sędzia i kat

judgement day judgement days n
dzień sądu sąd ostateczny
(Christianity, Islam, Judaism) The final trial of all humankind, both the living and the dead, by God expected to take place at the end of the world, when each is rewarded or punished according to their merits; the Final Judgment, the Last Judgment.

judgment /ˈd͡ʒʌd͡ʒ.mənt/ judgments n
osąd rozeznanie rozsądek sąd wyczucie
The power or faculty of performing such operations; especially, when unqualified, the faculty of judging or deciding rightly, justly, or wisely
osądzanie postępowanie proces
(legal) The act of determining, as in courts of law, what is conformable to law and justice; also, the determination, decision, or sentence of a court, or of a judge.

judicial /d͡ʒuˈdɪʃəl/ more judicial most judicial adj
sądowy
Of or relating to the court system or the judicial branch of government.

judicial branch judicial branches n
judykatura judykatywa władza sądownicza
The branch of government which is concerned with the administration of justice through the interpretation of the law.

judiciary /ˌd͡ʒuːˈdɪʃəɹi/ /ˌd͡ʒuːˈdɪʃɪɛɹi/ judiciaries n
judykatura judykatywa sądownictwo władza sądownicza
The collective body of judges, justices, etc.
sądownictwo
The court system, inclusive of clerical staff, etc.

judicious /dʒuˈdɪʃ.əs/ more judicious most judicious adj
rozsądny roztropny rozważny
Having, characterized by, or done with good judgment or sound thinking.

judo /ˈd͡ʒudoʊ/ /ˈd͡ʒuːdəʊ/ n
judo dżudo
A Japanese martial art and sport adapted from jujutsu.

judoka /d͡ʒuːˈdəʊkə/ judoka judokas n
dżudoczka dżudoka
(judo) A practitioner of the Japanese martial art of judo.

jug /d͡ʒʌɡ/ jugs n
dzban dzbanek gąsior
A serving vessel or container, typically circular in cross-section and typically higher than it is wide, with a relatively small mouth or spout, an ear handle and often a stopper or top.

juggler /ˈd͡ʒʌɡl̩ə(ɹ)/ jugglers n
żongler żonglerka
A person who practices juggling.

juggling /ˈd͡ʒʌɡlɪŋ/ /ˈd͡ʒʌɡəlɪŋ/ jugglings n
żonglowanie
The art of moving objects, such as balls, clubs, beanbags, rings, etc. in an artful or artistic manner.

juglet juglets n
dzbanuszek
An ancient container for liquids, similar to but smaller than modern-day jugs.

jugular /ˈd͡ʒu.ɡjəl.ɚ/ /ˈd͡ʒʌɡ.jəl.ɚ/ /ˈd͡ʒʌɡ.jʊl.ə/ /ˈd͡ʒʌɡ.lɚ/ /ˈd͡ʒʌɡ.əl.ɚ/ adj
szyjny
(anatomy, relational) Relating to, or located near, the neck or throat.

jugular vein jugular veins n
żyła szyjna
(anatomy) Any of several veins on each side of the neck, which drain the brain, face and neck of deoxygenated blood.

juice /d͡ʒ(j)us/ /d͡ʒ(j)uːs/ /d͡ʒuːs/ /d͡ʒɪʊ̯s/ juices n
sok
(uncountable) A liquid from a plant, especially fruit.
(countable) A beverage made of juice.
(uncountable) Any liquid resembling juice.
paliwo
(uncountable, slang) Liquor.
(uncountable, slang) Vitality, strength.
(uncountable, slang) Political power.
(uncountable, slang) Petrol; gasoline.
(uncountable, slang) Electricity.
(uncountable, slang, bodybuilding) Steroids.
(uncountable, slang, vulgar, sex) Semen.

juicer /ˈd͡ʒusɚ/ juicers n
sokowirówka wyciskarka do owoców
A manual or electrical device used for rendering the juice of fruits or vegetables.

juicy /ˈd͡ʒuːsi/ juicier juiciest adj
soczysty
Having lots of juice.
(of a story, etc.) Exciting; titillating.

jujube /ˈd͡ʒuː.d͡ʒuː.biː/ /ˈd͡ʒuː.d͡ʒuːb/ jujubes n
jujuba
A fruit-bearing tree, Ziziphus jujuba or Ziziphus zizyphus.

jukebox /ˈd͡ʒukbɑks/ /ˈd͡ʒuːkbɒks/ jukeboxes n
jukebox szafa grająca
A coin-operated machine that plays recorded music; it has push-buttons to make selections. [from 1939]

jumbotron jumbotrons n
telebim
A very large video screen, typically used in a stadium or concert venue to show close-up shots.

jump /d͡ʒʌmp/ [d͡ʒɐm̥p] jumps n
skok
An instance of causing oneself to fall from an elevated location.
(mathematics) A discontinuity in the graph of a function, where the function is continuous in a punctured interval of the discontinuity.

jump /d͡ʒʌmp/ [d͡ʒɐm̥p] v
skakać skoczyć
(intransitive) To propel oneself rapidly upward, downward and/or in any horizontal direction such that momentum causes the body to become airborne.
(intransitive) To cause oneself to leave an elevated location and fall downward.
(intransitive) To employ a parachute to leave an aircraft or elevated location.
podskakiwać podskoczyć
(intransitive) To react to a sudden, often unexpected, stimulus (such as a sharp prick or a loud sound) by jerking the body violently.

jump down someone's throat v
skakać sobie do gardeł
(idiomatic) To criticise with excessive and unexpected harshness.

jump rope /dʒʌmp ɹəʊp/ jump ropes n
skakanka
(colloquial) A single jump in this game or activity, counted as a measure of achievement.

jump the gun v
wychodzić przed szereg wyjść przed szereg
(idiomatic) To act or begin too soon or without due caution.

jump to conclusions v
wyciągać pochopne wnioski wyciągnąć pochopne wnioski
(idiomatic) To make conclusions before being presented with all the evidence.

jumper /ˈd͡ʒʊmpə/ /ˈd͡ʒʌmpə/ /ˈd͡ʒʌmpɚ/ jumpers n
skoczek skoczkini
Someone or something that jumps, e.g. a participant in a jumping event in track or skiing.
sweter
(chiefly, British, Australian, New Zealand) A woollen sweater or pullover.
zworka
(electricity) A removable connecting pin on an electronic circuit board.

jumper cable jumper cables n
przewody rozruchowe
(rail, road transport) An electrical cable providing a connection between rail or road vehicles.

jumping jack jumping jacks n
pajacyk
A physical exercise performed by jumping to a position with the legs spread wide and the hands touching overhead and then returning to a position with the feet together and the arms at the sides.
(dated) A toy figure of a person, with jointed limbs, that can be made to jump or dance by means of pulling attached strings.

jumping spider jumping spiders n
skaczel skakun
Any of very many spiders, of the family Salticidae, that jump from place to place with the aid of a silk tether.

jungle /ˈd͡ʒʌŋ.ɡ(ə)l/ jungles n
dżungla
A large, undeveloped, humid forest, especially in a tropical region, that is home to many wild plants and animals; a tropical rainforest.
(colloquial) A place where people behave ruthlessly, unconstrained by law or morality.

jungle cat jungle cats n
chaus kot bagienny kot błotny kot trzcinowy
Felis chaus, a medium-sized cat native to Asia.

jungle gym jungle gyms n
małpi gaj
(US, Israel) A play structure designed for children to climb on, traditionally constructed as a frame of metal bars as introduced in 1920.

junior /ˈd͡ʒuniɚ/ /ˈd͡ʒuːniə/ more junior most junior adj
młodszy
(not comparable, often, preceded by a possessive adjective or a possessive form of a noun) Younger.

junior /ˈd͡ʒuniɚ/ /ˈd͡ʒuːniə/ juniors n
junior
A younger person.

juniper /ˈd͡ʒunɪpə/ /ˈd͡ʒunɪpɚ/ [ˈd͡ʒunɪ̈pɚ] junipers n
jałowiec
Any shrub or tree of the genus Juniperus of the cypress family, which is characterized by pointed, needle-like leaves and aromatic berry-like cones.

juniper berry juniper berries n
szyszkojagoda
The berrylike female seed cone produced by the various species of junipers.

junk /d͡ʒʌŋk/ n
śmieci
Discarded or waste material; rubbish, trash, garbage.
dżonka
(nautical) A Chinese sailing vessel.
klejnoty
(slang) The genitalia, especially of a male.

junk food junk foods n
śmieciowe jedzenie
(informal) Food with little or no nutritional value.

junkyard junkyards n
złomowisko złomownia
A business that sells used metal or items.

junta /ˈdʒʊntə/ /ˈdʒʌntə/ /ˈhʊntə/ /ˈhʌntə/ juntas n
junta
The ruling council of a military dictatorship.

juridical act juridical acts n
akt prawny
(civil, _, law, Louisiana, Philippines) Any conduct by a person intended to create, modify, transfer, preserve, or extinguish a right, obligation, or legal relationship.

jurisdiction /d͡ʒɔːɹɪsˈdɪkʃən/ /d͡ʒɔːɹɪz-/ /d͡ʒɝɪsˈdɪkʃən/ /d͡ʒɝɪz-/ /d͡ʒʊəɹɪsˈdɪkʃən/ /d͡ʒʊəɹɪz-/ /d͡ʒʊɹɪsˈdɪkʃən/ /d͡ʒʊɹɪz-/ jurisdictions n
jurysdykcja
The power, right, or authority to interpret and apply the law.
The power or right to exercise authority.
The authority of a sovereign power to govern or legislate.
The limits or territory within which authority may be exercised.

jurisdictional adj
jurysdykcyjny
Of or pertaining to jurisdiction.

jurisdictionally adv
jurysdykcyjnie

jurisprudence /ˈd͡ʒʊəɹɪsˌpɹuːdəns/ /ˌd͡ʒʊəɹɪsˈpɹuːdəns/ jurisprudences n
prawoznawstwo jurysprudencja nauki prawne
(legal) The theoretical study of law.

jurist /ˈd͡ʒəɹ.ɪst/ /ˈd͡ʒʊəɹ.ɪst/ jurists n
prawnik jurysta
(law) An expert of law or someone who researches jurisprudence.

juristic act juristic acts n
akt prawny
(civil, _, law, South Africa) Any conduct by a person intended to create, modify, transfer, preserve, or extinguish a right, obligation, or legal relationship.

juror /ˈd͡ʒɚɚ/ /ˈd͡ʒʊəɹɔɹ/ /ˈd͡ʒʊəɹəɹ/ jurors n
juror jurorka przysięgła przysięgły ławniczka ławnik
(legal) A member of a jury.

jury /ˈd͡ʒ(ʊ)ɚ.i/ /ˈd͡ʒʊə.ɹi/ [ˈd͡ʒʊə.ɹ̠i] juries n
sąd przysięgłych ława przysięgłych
(law) A group of individuals chosen from the general population to hear and decide a case in a court of law.
jury
A group of judges in a competition.

jus sanguinis /dʒʌs ˈsæŋɡwɪnɪs/ /juːs-/ n
ius sanguinis

jussive jussives n
tryb ścięty
(grammar, uncountable, and, countable) The jussive mood, a verb inflection used to indicate a command, permission or agreement with a request; an instance of a verb so inflected.

just /d͡ʒəs(t)/ /d͡ʒɛst/ /d͡ʒɪst/ /d͡ʒʌst/ juster justest more just most just adj
dokładny
Factually right, correct; factual.
sprawiedliwy
Morally right; upright, righteous, equitable; fair.

just /d͡ʒəs(t)/ /d͡ʒɛst/ /d͡ʒɪst/ /d͡ʒʌst/ adv
tylko po prostu
Only, simply, merely.
właśnie dopiero co dokładnie dopiero ledwo
Exactly, precisely, perfectly.

just about adv
ledwie prawie
(idiomatic) Approximately, very nearly.

just enough determiner
zaledwie wystarczająco
(set phrase) The minimum amount necessary for something.

just in case /ˌdʒʌst ɪn ˈkeɪs/ conjunction
na wszelki wypadek w razie czego
(logic) if and only if

just like that adv
tak po prostu
(idiomatic) Suddenly and unexpectedly; without warning.

just my luck phraseologicalUnit
takie już moje szczęście

just now adv
akurat dopiero co ledwo co przed chwilą właśnie
(set phrase) Very close to the present moment; just a moment ago.

just saying adv
tak tylko mówię
(informal) Used to deflect responsibility for a hurtful remark.

just the same adv
a jednak i tak
(idiomatic) Anyway; nevertheless.

just you wait phraseologicalUnit
ja ci dam tylko poczekaj

justice /ˈd͡ʒʌstɪs/ justices n
sprawiedliwość
The state or characteristic of being just or fair.
The ideal of fairness, impartiality, etc., especially with regard to the punishment of wrongdoing.
Judgment and punishment of a party who has allegedly wronged another.
The civil power dealing with law.
Correctness, conforming to reality or rules.
sędzia
A title given to judges of certain courts; capitalized when placed before a name.

justiciable more justiciable most justiciable adj
rozstrzygany przez sąd
(legal) Of or pertaining to justiciability; able to be evaluated and resolved by the courts; that can be adjudicated.

justifiable more justifiable most justifiable adj
uzasadniony
That can be justified.

justification /ˌd͡ʒʌstɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ justifications n
usprawiedliwienie uzasadnienie
(countable) A reason, explanation, or excuse which someone believes provides convincing, morally acceptable support for behavior or for a belief or occurrence.
justyfikacja
(typography, uncountable) The alignment of text to the left margin (left justification), the right margin (right justification), or both margins (full justification).

justified /ˈd͡ʒʌstɪfaɪd/ more justified most justified adj
uprawniony uzasadniony
Having a justification.

justify /ˈd͡ʒʌstɪfaɪ/ v
usprawiedliwiać uzasadniać usprawiedliwić uzasadnić
(transitive) To provide an acceptable explanation for.
(transitive) To be a good, acceptable reason for; warrant.
wyjustować
(transitive, typography) To arrange (text) on a page or a computer screen such that the left and right ends of all lines within paragraphs are aligned.

jut /d͡ʒʊt/ /d͡ʒʌt/ juts n
wypustka
Something that sticks out.

jut /d͡ʒʊt/ /d͡ʒʌt/ v
wystawać
(intransitive) To stick out.

jute /d͡ʒuːt/ jutes n
juta
The coarse, strong fiber of the East Indian plants, Corchorus olitorius and Corchorus capsularis, used to make mats, paper, gunny cloth etc.
The plants from which this fibre is obtained.

juvenile /ˈd͡ʒuːvənaɪl/ /ˈd͡ʒuːvənəl/ more juvenile most juvenile adj
małoletni młodociany młody
Young; not fully developed.
dziecinny
Characteristic of youth or immaturity; childish.

juvenile /ˈd͡ʒuːvənaɪl/ /ˈd͡ʒuːvənəl/ juveniles n
małoletni młodociany nieletni
(criminal law) A person younger than the age of full criminal responsibility, such that the person either cannot be held criminally liable or is subject to less severe forms of punishment.

juvenile delinquency n
przestępczość nieletnich
(legal) Participation in illegal behaviour by minors.

kabana kabanas n
kabanos

kaboom kabooms n
łubudu
The sound of an explosion, typically seen in comic strips or heard in a light-hearted conversation.

kabuki /kəˈbuːki/ n
kabuki
(often, capitalized) A form of Japanese theatre in which elaborately costumed male performers use stylized movements, dances, and songs in order to enact tragedies and comedies.

kaddish /ˈkædɪʃ/ /ˈkɑdɪʃ/ kaddishes kaddishim n
kadisz kadysz
(Judaism) A Jewish prayer of praise to God recited during services, and specifically when mourning the death of a close relative.

kafir /ˈkɑːfɪə/ /ˈkɑːfɪɹ/ kafirs kuffar n
kafir
(Islam, countable, offensive, religious slur, political) A disbeliever, a denier: someone who rejects or disbelieves in Allah or the tenets of Islam; or more broadly any non-Muslim.

kaftan /ˈkæf.tæn/ /ˈkæf.tən/ kaftans n
kaftan
A long tunic worn in the Eastern Mediterranean.

kaizen /ˈkaɪˌzən/ /ˈkaɪˌzɛn/ kaizens n
kaizen
A Japanese business practice of continuous improvement in performance and productivity.

kaki /ˈkæki/ /ˈkɑːki/ kakis n
kaki
a persimmon, more specifically the Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki).

kakistocracy /kakɪsˈtɒkɹəsɪ/ /kakɪˈstɒ-/ /kækɪsˈtɑkɹəsi/ /kækɪˈstɑ-/ kakistocracies n
kakistokracja
(political science) Government under the control of a nation's worst or least-qualified citizens. [from 1829.]

kalach kalaches kalachi n
kołacz
Traditional East Slavic bread shaped like a padlock or various kinds of wheels. Other Slavic nations have similar but not identical types of pastry, e.g. Czech or Slovak koláč/koláč, Polish kołacz, Bulgarian колач, Serbo-Croatian колач/kolač, etc.

kale /keɪl/ kales n
jarmuż
An edible plant, similar to cabbage, with curled leaves that do not form a dense head (Brassica oleracea var. acephala)

kaleidoscope /kəˈlaɪdəskəʊp/ /kəˈlaɪdəˌskoʊp/ kaleidoscopes n
kalejdoskop
An instrument consisting of a tube containing mirrors and loose, colourful beads or other objects; when the tube is looked into and rotated, a succession of symmetrical designs can be seen. [from 1817]
(figuratively) A constantly changing series of colours or other things.

kalokagathia /ˌka.loʊ.kə.ˈɡeɪ.θi.ə/ n
kalokagatia
(philosophy) A Platonic teaching consisting of the harmonious combination of bodily, moral and spiritual virtues.

kana /ˈkɑːnə/ [ˈkʰɑːnə] kana kanas n
kana
The hiragana and katakana syllabaries. These are made up of characters that represent individual syllables, which are used to write Japanese words and particles. Kana are derived from kanji.

kangaroo /kæŋ.ɡə.ˈɹuː/ kangaroos n
kangur kangurzyca
A member of the Macropodidae family of large marsupials with strong hind legs for hopping, native to Australia. [from 18th c.]

kangaroo court /ˌkæŋɡəˌɹu ˈkɔɹt/ /ˌkæŋɡəˌɹuː ˈkɔːt/ kangaroo courts n
dintojra sąd kapturowy
(originally, US, idiomatic) A judicial or quasi-judicial proceeding, or a group of people which conducts such proceedings, which is without proper authority, and often acts abusively or decides unjustly. [from mid 19th c.]

kangaroo rat kangaroo rats n
szczuroskoczek
Any of many different species in genus Dipodomys, rodents that move about by hopping.

kanji /ˈkaːnd͡ʒi/ /ˈkænd͡ʒi/ /ˈkɑnd͡ʒi/ kanji kanjis n
kanji
Any individual Chinese character as used in the Japanese language.

kaolin /ˈkeɪ.ə.lɪn/ kaolins n
kaolin
A fine clay, rich in kaolinite, used in ceramics, paper-making, etc.

kaolinite kaolinites n
kaolinit
(mineral) A common hydrous aluminosilicate mineral found in sediments, soils and sedimentary rocks, Al2Si2O5(OH)4; one of the kaolin group of minerals.

kaon /ˈkeɪˌɑn/ kaons n
kaon
(particle) any of four unstable subatomic particles, mesons, they are a combination of a strange quark or antiquark and either an up or down quark or antiquark

kapo /ˈkɑpəʊ/ /ˈkɑːpəʊ/ kapos n
kapo
(historical) A prisoner in a Nazi concentration camp who was given food and privileges in return for supervising other prisoners doing forced labor.

kapok /ˈkeɪpɒk/ /ˈkeɪˌpɑk/ /ˈkɑːpəʊk/ [ˈkɑːpəʊʔ] kapoks n
kapok
A silky fibre obtained from seed pods of the silk-cotton tree (Ceiba pentandra) used for insulation and stuffing for mattresses, pillows, etc.

kappa /ˈkæpə/ kappas n
kappa
The tenth letter of the Greek alphabet.
(Japanese mythology) A tortoise-like demon or imp.

karakul karakuls n
karakuł
A sheep of a Central Asian breed.

karaoke /kɑːɹɑːˌokeɪ/ /kɑːɹɑːˌokɛ/ /ˈkæ.ɹiˌəʊ.ki/ /ˈkæ.ɹəˌəʊ.ki/ /ˌkæ.ɹiˈoʊ.ki/ karaokes n
karaoke
(uncountable) A form of entertainment popular in clubs, at parties, etc, in which individual members of the public sing along to pre-recorded instrumental versions of popular songs, the lyrics of which are displayed for the singer on a screen in time with the music.

karate /kəˈɹɑ.ɾi/ /kəˈɹɑː.teɪ/ /kəˈɹɑː.ti/ n
karate
An Okinawan martial art involving primarily punching and kicking, but additionally, advanced throws, arm bars, grappling and all means of fighting.

karateka karateka n
karateka
A practitioner of karate.

karma /ˈkɑɹmə/ [ˈkɑɹ.mə] [ˈkɑː.mə] [ˈkəɾm(ə)] karmas n
karma karman
(Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism) The sum total of a person's actions, which determine the person's next incarnation in samsara, the cycle of death and rebirth.

karmic /ˈkɑɹmɪk/ adj
karmiczny
Of or pertaining to karma.

karst /kɑɹst/ /kɑːst/ karsts n
kras
(geology) A type of land formation, usually with many caves formed through the dissolving of limestone by underground drainage.

karting n
karting
An open-wheeled motorsport that uses small vehicles called karts or go-karts.

kasha /ˈkɑʃə/ kashas n
kasza kasza gryczana
A porridge made from boiled buckwheat groats, or sometimes from other cereal groats.

kashkaval n
kaszkawał

katabasis /kəˈtæbəsɪs/ katabases n
katabasis katabaza
(by extension, jocular) Any journey downwards or fall.

katabatic /kæt.əˈbæt.ɪk/ adj
katabatyczny

katakana /ˌkætəˈkænə/ /ˌkætəˈkɑːnə/ /ˌkɑtəˈkɑːnə/ katakana katakanas n
katakana
(uncountable) A Japanese syllabary used when writing words borrowed from foreign languages other than Chinese, specific names of plants and animals and other jargon, onomatopoeia, or to emphasize a word or phrase. Also used to write the Ainu language.

katal katals n
katal
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of catalytic activity; one mole per second. Symbol: kat.

katana /kəˈtɑnə/ [kɪ̈ˈtʰɑnə] katana katanas n
katana
A type of Japanese longsword or 日本刀, having a single edge and slight curvature, historically used by samurai and ninja.

katorga katorgas n
katorga
Penal servitude in a Russian or Soviet labour camp.

katydid /ˈkeɪtiˌdɪd/ katydids n
pasikonik
A relative of grasshoppers and crickets, in the family Tettigoniidae.

kay /ˈkeɪ/ kays n
ka
The name of the Latin-script letter K.

kayak /ˈkaɪˌæk/ kayaks n
kajak
A type of small boat, covered over by a surface deck, powered by the occupant or occupants using a double-bladed paddle in a sitting position, from a hole in the surface deck

kayaker kayakers n
kajakarz
One who kayaks.

kayaking n
kajakarstwo
A water sport involving racing, or doing tricks in, a kayak

kazoo /kə.ˈzuː/ kazoos n
kazoo mirliton
(musical instrument) A simple musical instrument (a membranophone) consisting of a pipe with a hole in it, producing a buzzing sound when the player hums into it.

kebab /kəˈbæb/ /kɪˈbæb/ /kɪˈbɑb/ /kɪˈbɑːb/ kebabs n
kebab
(British) A dish of pieces of meat, fish, or vegetables roasted on a skewer or spit, especially a doner kebab.

keel /kiːl/ keels n
stępka kil
(nautical) A large beam along the underside of a ship’s hull from bow to stern.

keelson keelsons n
nadstępka
(nautical) A longitudinal beam fastened on top of the keel of a vessel for strength and stiffness. [from c. 1611]

keen on more keen on most keen on adj
interesować się, lubić
(UK, parts of North America) fond of; appreciative of

keep /kiːp/ [kʰip̚] v
zachować zatrzymać
To continue in (a course or mode of action); to not intermit or fall from; to uphold or maintain.
(ditransitive) To maintain the condition of; to preserve in a certain state.
(transitive) To observe; to adhere to; to fulfill; to not swerve from or violate.

keep a low profile v
nie wychylać się nie wychylić się
(idiomatic) Be quiet and discreet.

keep an eye out v
wytężać wzrok wytężyć wzrok
(idiomatic) To watch for or look out for.

keep it simple, stupid phraseologicalUnit
nie komplikuj

keep it together v
trzymać się w garści zachować spokój zachowywać spokój
(informal) To maintain composure; to avoid an overly emotional reaction; to suppress an instinct or urge.

keep it up v
tak trzymaj
(idiomatic) To maintain or continue a positive streak.

keep one's cards close to one's chest v
nie odkrywać kart nie odkryć kart

keep one's cool v
zachować zimną krew zachowywać zimną krew
(idiomatic) To remain composed, calm, and even-tempered, especially in a provocative situation.

keep one's eyes peeled v
mieć oczy dookoła głowy mieć oczy szeroko otwarte mieć się na baczności
(intransitive, idiomatic, (with "for")) To be on the alert, to be watchful.

keep one's fingers crossed v
trzymać kciuki
(idiomatic) To hope for the best, to show support.

keep one's hands to oneself v
trzymać łapy przy sobie

keep one's head above water v
utrzymać się na powierzchni utrzymywać się na powierzchni
(idiomatic) To survive or endure, especially in a situation in which one is struggling to avoid being overwhelmed by adverse financial circumstances.

keep one's lips sealed v
trzymać język za zębami
(idiomatic) To keep quiet; to keep a secret; to not tell.

keep one's mouth shut v
trzymać buzię na kłódkę

keep one's side of the bargain v
dotrzymać umowy dotrzymywać umowy
To fulfill a commitment as part of keeping to an agreement.

keep one's word v
dotrzymać słowa dotrzymywać słowa
Do what one has said one will do.

keep out v
nie zbliżać się
(intransitive) To refrain from entering a place or condition.
(transitive) To restrain someone or something from entering a place or condition.

keep quiet v
milczeć
To remain silent.

keep rank v
utrzymać rząd utrzymywać rząd

keep someone company v
dotrzymywać towarzystwa
(idiomatic) To remain with or accompany someone, especially to make them feel more comfortable with a certain situation.

keep the ball rolling v
podtrzymać podtrzymywać

keep the change phraseologicalUnit
reszty nie trzeba
An instruction to a taxi driver, waiter etc. to keep the change from the amount handed over as a tip.

keep up v
utrzymywać utrzymać
(transitive) To maintain; to preserve; to prevent from deteriorating or falling.
nadążać nadążyć
(intransitive, idiomatic) To stay even or ahead.

keep up appearances v
zachować pozory zachowywać pozory
(idiomatic) To pretend to be all right or that everything is going well; to maintain an appearance of wealth, comfort, or propriety.

keep up with v
nadążać nadążyć
To manage to remain beside or just behind someone or something that is moving away from one.
(figuratively) To manage to remain up to date with trends, fashions, etc
To manage to follow an argument, a discussion, etc.

keeper /ˈkiːpə/ /ˈkiːpɚ/ keepers n
strażniczka strażnik
A person charged with guarding or caring for, storing, or maintaining something; a custodian, a guard; sometimes a gamekeeper.

keepsake /ˈkiːp.seɪk/ keepsakes n
pamiątka
Some object given by a person and retained in memory of something or someone; something kept for sentimental or nostalgic reasons.

keffiyeh /kəˈfiː(j)ə/ keffiyehs n
arafatka kefija
A headdress traditionally worn by some Arabs, also used as a scarf.

kefir /kəˈfɪə(ɹ)/ /ˈkiːfə(ɹ)/ /ˈkɛfə(ɹ)/ kefirs n
kefir
A fermented milk drink from the Caucasus and Eastern Europe, similar to yogurt but more liquid.

keg /keɪɡ/ /kæɡ/ /kɛɡ/ kegs n
antał antałek
A round, traditionally wooden container of lesser capacity than a barrel, often used to store beer.

keiki /ˈkeɪ.ki/ keikis n
keiki
(horticulture) young plant in orchids that develops on the shoot in place of flower after flowering

keloid [ˈkiː.lɔɪd] keloids n
bliznowiec keloid
(pathology) A hard raised growth of scar tissue at the site of an injury.

kelp /kɛlp/ kelps n
listownicowiec
Any of several large brown algae seaweeds (order Laminariales).

kelp forest kelp forests n
las wodorostów

kelpie kelpies n
kelpie australiano
An Australian breed of sheepdog.

kelvin /ˈkɛlvən/ [ˈkʰɛɫvɨn] kelvin kelvins n
kelwin
In the International System of Units, the base unit of thermodynamic temperature; 1⁄273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water. Shown as "K".

kenaf n
kenaf
Hibiscus cannabinus, an annual or biennial herbaceous plant found mainly in Asia.
The fibre obtained from this plant, similar to jute.

kennel /ˈkɛ.nəl/ kennels n
buda
A house or shelter for a dog.

kenning /ˈkɛnɪŋ/ kennings n
kenning
(poetry) A metaphorical compound or phrase, used especially in Germanic poetry (Old English or Old Norse) whereby a simple thing is described in an allusive way.

kenosis /kɪˈnəʊsɪs/ kenoses n
kenoza
(Christianity) Christ's voluntary abasement consisting of humanity and the simultaneous occultation of the Divinity.

kepi /ˈkɛpi/ kepis n
kepi
A cap with a flat circular top and a visor, particularly associated with French uniforms.

kept woman kept women n
utrzymanka
A woman who is supported financially by a lover (usually a married man).

keratin /ˈkɛrətɪn/ keratins n
keratyna
(protein) The protein of which hair and nails are composed.

keratinization /kəˌɹætɪnaɪˈzeɪʃən/ keratinizations n
keratynizacja
the process in which cells from beneath the skin are converted to hair and nails (made of keratin)

keratinize /ˈkɛrətnˌaɪz/ v
chropowacieć rogowacieć schropowacieć zrogowacieć

keratoconus n
stożek rogówki
(pathology) A degenerative non-inflammatory disorder of the eye in which structural changes within the cornea cause it to thin and change to a more conical shape than its normal even curve

keraunophobia n
brontofobia

kerb /kɜːb/ /kɝb/ kerbs n
krawężnik
(British, AU, NZ) The raised edge between the pavement and the roadway, typically made of concrete though originally consisting of a line of kerbstones.

kerchief /ˈkɜː.tʃiːf/ /ˈkɜː.tʃɪf/ /ˈkɝ.t͡ʃif/ /ˈkɝ.t͡ʃɪf/ kerchiefs kerchieves n
chustka
(dated) A piece of cloth used to cover the head; a bandana.

kermes kermes n
alkiermes
(uncountable) A crimson dye made from the crushed bodies of these insects.

kermes oak kermes oaks n
dąb kermesowy dąb skalny
An oak, Quercus coccifera, native to the western Mediterranean region and growing 1-6 meters tall.

kernel /ˈkɜːnəl/ /ˈkɝnəl/ kernels n
rdzeń sedno trzon
The core, center, or essence of an object or system.
ziarno
(botany) A single seed or grain, especially of corn or wheat.
pestka
(botany, US) The stone of certain fruits, such as peaches or plums.
jądro jajko
(computing) The central part of many computer operating systems which manages the system's resources and the communication between hardware and software components.
jądro
(mathematics, linear algebra, group theory, functional analysis) For a given function (especially a linear transformation between vector spaces or homomorphism between groups), the set of elements in the domain which are mapped to zero; (formally) given f : X → Y, the set {x ∈ X : f(x) = 0}.

kernel of truth kernels of truth n
ziarno prawdy

kerosene /ˈkɛɹəsiːn/ kerosenes n
nafta
A thin colorless, blue- or straw-colored petroleum-based fuel heavier than gasoline/petrol or naptha but lighter than diesel, used primarily as jet fuel but also for heating and lighting in some remote or impoverished areas.

kerygma /kəˈɹɪɡ.mə/ kerygmas kerygmata n
kerygmat
The Apostolic proclamation of religious truths; the core teachings of Christianity taught by the early Church.

kestrel /ˈkɛstɹəl/ kestrels n
sokół
Any of various small falcons of the genus Falco that hover while hunting.
pustułka
The common kestrel, Falco tinnunculus.

ket /kɛt/ kets n
ket

ketamine /ˈki.təˌmin/ /ˈkiː.tə.miːn/ /ˈkɛt.ə.mɪn/ /ˈkɛt.əˌmin/ ketamines n
ketamina
(pharmaceutical drug) A synthetic compound used as an anesthetic and analgesic drug and also (illicitly) as a hallucinogen.

ketchup /ˈkɛt͡ʃ.əp/ /ˈkɛt͡ʃ.ʌp/ ketchups n
keczup ketchup
(uncountable, chiefly, US, Canada, UK) Ellipsis of tomato ketchup. A tomato-vinegar-based sauce, sometimes containing spices, onion or garlic, and (especially in the US) sweeteners.

ketone /ˈkiːtəʊn/ ketones n
keton
(organic compound) A homologous series of organic molecules whose functional group is an oxygen atom joined to a carbon atom—by a double bond—in a carbon-hydrogen based molecule.

kettle /ˈkɛ.təl/ /ˈkɪtəl/ [ˈkʰɛtᵊɫ̩] [ˈkʰɛɾɫ̩] kettles n
czajnik kocioł
A vessel for boiling a liquid or cooking food, usually metal and equipped with a lid.

kettle of fish kettles of fish n
inna para kaloszy
(idiomatic) A situation recognized as different from or as an alternative to some other situation.

kettlebell kettlebells n
giria
A weight consisting of a cast iron ball with a single handle for gripping the weight during exercise.

kettledrum kettledrums n
kocioł
(musical instruments) A large percussion instrument with a drumhead that is stretched over a hemispherical metal bowl.

key /ki/ /kiː/ [cʰi̞i̯] [kʲʰi̞i̯] more key most key adj
kluczowy klucz
Indispensable, supremely important.
Important, salient.

key /ki/ /kiː/ [cʰi̞i̯] [kʲʰi̞i̯] keys n
klucz
An object designed to open and close a lock.
A crucial step or requirement.
In musical instruments, one of the valve levers used to select notes, such as a lever opening a hole on a woodwind.
(historical) A manual electrical switching device primarily used for the transmission of Morse code.
(cryptography) A piece of information (e.g., a password or passphrase) used to encode or decode a message or messages.
(databases) In a relational database, a field used as an index into another table (not necessarily unique).
(computing) A value that uniquely identifies an entry in a container.
(biology) A series of logically organized groups of discriminating information which aims to allow the user to correctly identify a taxon.
klucz legenda
A guide explaining the symbols or terminology of a map or chart; a legend.
klawisz
(computing) One of several small, usually square buttons on a typewriter or computer keyboard, mostly corresponding to text characters.
klucz klawisz
In instruments with a keyboard such as an organ or piano, one of the levers, or especially the exposed front end of it, which are depressed to cause a particular sound or note to be produced.
klucz klawisz tonacja
(music) A scale or group of pitches constituting the basis of a musical composition.

key /ki/ /kiː/ [cʰi̞i̯] [kʲʰi̞i̯] v
wprowadzać
(computing) (more usually to key in) To enter (information) by typing on a keyboard or keypad.

key fob key fobs n
brelok
An item carried on a key ring either as decoration or for security.

key logger key loggers n
rejestrator klawiszy
(computing) Software or hardware designed to record keyboard entries, often for the purpose of stealing passwords or other sensitive data.

key signature key signatures n
znaki przykluczowe
(music) An indication of the key of a composition, giving the number of sharps or flats in the corresponding scale.

keyboard /ˈki.bɔɹd/ /ˈkiː.bɔːd/ keyboards n
klawiatura
(computing, etc.) A set of keys used to operate a typewriter, computer etc.
(music) A component of many instruments including the piano, organ, and harpsichord consisting of usually black and white keys that cause different tones to be produced when struck.
klawiatura keyboard
(music) A device with keys of a musical keyboard, used to control electronic sound-producing devices which may be built into or separate from the keyboard device.

keyboard shortcut keyboard shortcuts n
skrót klawiszowy
(computing) A key, or more usually a combination of keys, on the keyboard of a personal computer that activates a specific, predefined function.

keyboardist keyboardists n
klawiszowiec
Someone who plays a keyboard.

keychain /ˈkiːˌt͡ʃeɪn/ keychains n
brelok breloczek
An ornamental piece holding such a chain or ring.

keyholder keyholders n
klucznica klucznik
One who holds the key to a building etc. for security reasons.

keyhole /ˈkiˌhoʊl/ keyholes n
dziurka od klucza
Any small opening resembling the hole for a key in shape or function; especially, one that gives a vista of, or access to, a space beyond.

keynote /ˈkiːˌnoʊt/ keynotes n
nić przewodnia
A speech that sets the main theme of a conference or other gathering; a keynote speech or keynote address.

keyplate keyplates n
płytka klucza
(printing) The plate that prints the detail in an image.

keyring keyrings n
brelok breloczek
A ring, normally of metal or plastic, for holding keys together.

keystone /ˈkiː.stəʊn/ keystones n
zwornik klucz filar podstawa
(architecture) The top stone of an arch.

keyword /ˈki.wɝd/ /ˈkiː.wɜːd/ keywords n
słowo kluczowe słowo klucz
(cryptography) Any word#Noun used as the key to a code.
słowo klucz
(programming) A reserved word used to identify a specific command, function, etc.

keywork n
mechanizmy klawiszowe
(music) Collectively, the mechanisms of a woodwind musical instrument such as a flute or clarinet that support the operation of its keys.

khachapuri /hɑːtʃəˈpuːɹi/ /hɑːt͡ʃəˈpuɹi/ khachapuris n
chaczapuri
A cheese pastry from the country of Georgia in the Caucasus region of Eurasia.

khachkar /hɑt͡ʃˈkɑɹ/ khachkars n
chaczkar
An Armenian carved memorial stone.

khagan khagans n
kagan
A khan of khans, a ruler of a khaganate; (the holder of) an imperial rank used among certain Turkic and Mongolian peoples, equal in status to an emperor.

khaganate khaganates n
kaganat
An empire comprising several khanates.

khaki /ˈkæ.ki/ /ˈkæki/ /ˈkɑɹ.ki/ /ˈkɑː.ki/ khakies khakis n
khaki
A dull, yellowish-brown colour, the colour of dust.

khalat khalats n
chałat łapserdak
(historical, Judaism) A long, close-fitting coat with shawl collars and pockets, worn by Ashkenazi Jewish men in Eastern Europe until the early 20th century

khaltura khalturas khaltury n
chałtura
Black-market or low-quality work.

khan /kɑːn/ khans n
chan kagan
(historical) A ruler over various Turkic and Mongol peoples in the Middle Ages.

khanate /ˈkɑːneɪt/ khanates n
chanat
A region or place ruled by a khan.

khanjar /ˈkand͡ʒə/ khanjars n
handżar
A kind of dagger used in certain Arabian countries.

khat /kɑːt/ khats n
czuwaliczka jadalna
A shrub, Catha edulis, whose leaves are used as a mild stimulant when chewed or brewed as tea; also a drug produced from this plant.

khedive /kəˈdiːv/ khedives n
kedyw
The title of the hereditary monarch of Egypt from 1805–1914, nominally ruling as a viceroy of the Sultan of Turkey.

khene /kɛːn/ khenes n
khaen
(musical instrument) A traditional musical instrument of Laos, being a type of bamboo mouth organ.

khinkali khinkalis n
chinkali
A Georgian dumpling made of twisted knobs of dough stuffed with spiced meat, fish, or vegetables.

kholop /kəˈloʊp/ kholops kholopy n
chołop chłop
(historical) A feudally dependent person in Russia between the 10th and early 18th centuries.

khorovod khorovods n
korowód
a Slavic art form, a combination of a circle dance and chorus singing, similar to chorea of ancient Greece, also in Romania (horă)

khural khurals n
churał
parliament or national congress in Mongolia; also in Buryatia, Kalmykia or Tyva (in Russia)

khutbah /ˈkʊtbə/ khutbahs n
chutba
(Islam) A talk or sermon delivered in mosques before the Friday prayer, or at other special occasions.

khutor /ˈkuːtɔː(ɹ)/ /ˈxuːtɔː(ɹ)/ khutora khutors n
chutor
A single-homestead rural settlement of Eastern Europe.

kibbutz /kɪˈbuːts/ /kɪˈbʊts/ kibbutzes kibbutzim n
kibuc
A community, usually an agricultural one in Israel, based on a high level of social and economical sharing, equality, direct democracy and tight social relations.

kibbutznik kibbutznikim kibbutzniks n
kibucniczka kibucnik
A member of a kibbutz.

kibitka /kɪˈbɪtkə/ kibitkas n
kibitka
A Russian type of telega or sleigh with a (usually rounded) cover over the passenger seats.

kick /kɪk/ [kʰɪk] kicks n
kopnięcie wykop kop
A hit or strike with the leg, foot or knee.

kick /kɪk/ [kʰɪk] v
kopać kopnąć
(transitive) To strike or hit with the foot or other extremity of the leg.
(transitive) To direct to a particular place by a blow with the foot or leg.
pluć sobie w brodę
(reflexive, informal) To reproach oneself for making a mistake or missing an opportunity.

kick ass /kɪk æs/ [kʰɪk æs] v
dać w ryj dać łupnia pobić powalić przemóc rozgromić
(informal, vulgar, ambitransitive) To beat to a pulp; beat up

kick someone when they are down v
kopać leżącego
(idiomatic) To make things worse for someone who is going through a difficult time.

kick the bucket /ˈkɪk ðə ˈbʌkɪt/ v
kopnąć w kalendarz dokonać żywota fajtnąć kipnąć kojfnąć odwalić kitę
(idiomatic, euphemistic, colloquial, humorous) To die.

kick up a fuss v
robić scenę zrobić scenę
(idiomatic) To show annoyance, or to complain loudly about something, often when it is of little importance in reality.

kick-off kick-offs n
rozpoczęcie meczu rozpoczęcie spotkania
(football, American football) The opening kick of each half of a game of football.

kickback /ˈkɪkbæk/ kickbacks n
łapówka
(countable, informal) A covert, often illegal, payment in return for a favor consisting of providing an opportunity of chargeable transaction; a kind of bribe.

kickboxing n
kick boxing kick-boxing
(martial arts) A hybrid martial art derived from Muay Thai, karate and especially boxing during the 1960s to 1970s; more generally, any stand-up combat sport that combines kicks and punches.

kicks /kɪks/ n
beka
(colloquial) Shoes.
(colloquial) Commissary, or the balance of a commissary account.

kid /kɪd/ kids n
koźlę
A young goat.
(uncountable) The meat of a young goat.
dzieciak
(informal) A child (usually), teenager, or young adult; a juvenile.
(colloquial) An inexperienced person or one in a junior position.

kidnap /ˈkɪdnæp/ kidnaps n
porwanie uprowadzenie
The crime, or an instance, of kidnapping.

kidnap /ˈkɪdnæp/ v
porywać uprowadzać porwać uprowadzić
(transitive) To seize or detain a person unlawfully and move or conceal them; sometimes for ransom.

kidnapper /ˈkɪdnæpɚ/ kidnappers n
porywacz porywaczka uprowadziciel uprowadzicielka
A person who kidnaps someone.

kidnapping kidnappings n
porwanie
(crime) The crime of taking a person against their will, sometimes for ransom.

kidney /ˈkɪdni/ kidneys n
nerka
An organ in the body that filters the blood, producing urine.
cynaderka nerka
This organ (of an animal) cooked as food.

kidney dish kidney dishes n
nerka
(medicine, surgery) A shallow kidney-shaped basin for holding soiled dressings and other medical waste.

kidney stone kidney stones n
kamień nerkowy
(medicine) A calculus in the kidney.

kidney vetch kidney vetches n
przelot
Anthyllis vulneraria, a medical plant in the pea family.

kidney-shaped more kidney-shaped most kidney-shaped adj
nerkowaty
Having a shape like a kidney, that is, an approximately circular or elongated ovoid shape with an inward curve or indentation on one side.

kielbasa /kilˈbɑsə/ /kiːlˈbasə/ /kɪ(l)ˈbɑsə/ /ˈkubəsɑ/ kielbasas kielbasy n
kiełbasa
A spicy, smoked sausage of a particular kind from Eastern Europe.

kike /kaɪk/ v
icek mosiek parch Żydzisko żydek
(transitive, offensive, uncommon) To render something more Jewish.

kikimora kikimoras kikimory n
kikimora
(Slavic mythology) a female house spirit in the Slavic mythology

kilim /kiˈlim/ /kɪˈliːm/ /ˈkiː.lɪm/ /ˈkɪ.lɪm/ kilims n
kilim
A flat tapestry-woven carpet or rug from Turkey or Kurdistan.

kill /kɪl/ [kʰɪɫ] kills n
zabójstwo
The act of killing.
ofiara zdobycz
The result of killing; that which has been killed.

kill /kɪl/ [kʰɪɫ] v
zabijać zabić dobić
(transitive) To put to death; to extinguish the life of.
zgasić zgaszać
(transitive) To render inoperative.
(transitive, figuratively) To stop, cease, or render void; to terminate.
(transitive, figuratively, hyperbole) To cause great pain, discomfort, or distress to; to hurt.

kill the fatted calf v
obchodzić czyjś powrót
(idiomatic) To begin a festive celebration and rejoicing for someone's long-awaited return.

kill the goose that lays the golden eggs v
zabić kurę znoszącą złote jajka
(idiomatic) To seek short-term gain at the sacrifice of long-term profit.

kill time v
zabić czas
(informal, intransitive) To engage in an activity whose only purpose is to make the time seem to pass more quickly; to fill the time between activities.

kill two birds with one stone v
upiec dwie pieczenie na jednym ogniu
(idiomatic) To solve two problems with one single action.

killed in action adj
zabity w akcji
The designation for a member of an organization (primarily military) who has died while on duty.

killer /ˈkɪlə(ɹ)/ /ˈkɪlɚ/ [ˈkʰɪlə(ɹ)] [ˈkʰɪɫlɚ] killers n
morderca zabójca
One who or that which kills.

killer whale killer whales n
orka

kiln /kɪl(n)/ kilns n
piec do wypalania cegły suszarnia
An oven or furnace or a heated chamber, for the purpose of hardening, burning, calcining or drying anything; for example, firing ceramics, curing or preserving tobacco, or drying grain.

kilo- prefix
kilo-
In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 1,000. Symbol: k
(computing) Multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 210 (1024)

kilobit kilobits n
kilobit
(computing) One thousand (103, or 1,000) bits.

kilobyte kilobytes n
kilobajt
(computing, especially, _, networking) One thousand (103, or 1,000) bytes.

kilocalorie kilocalories n
kilokaloria
A non-SI unit of energy equal to 1,000 calories, used (now rare) in chemistry or physics; equal to 1 calorie as used in nutrition. Symbol kcal.

kilogram /ˈkɪləɡɹæm/ kilograms n
kilogram kilo
In the International System of Units, the base unit of mass; conceived of as the mass of one litre of water, but now defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Planck constant h to be 6.626 070 15 × 10-34 when expressed in units of kg⋅m2⋅s−1. Symbol: kg

kilohertz kilohertz kilohertzes n
kiloherc
A unit of frequency equal to one thousand cycles per second; one thousand hertz

kilometrage kilometrages n
kilometraż
The total distance travelled, in kilometres.

kilometre /kəˈlɑmɪtəɹ/ /kɪˈlɒmɪtə/ /ˈkɪləˌmitəɹ/ /ˈkɪləˌmiːtə/ kilometres n
kilometr
(metrology) An SI unit of length equal to 103 metres. Symbol: km

kilowatt-hour kilowatt-hours n
kilowatogodzina
(electricity) A unit of energy equal to that done by one kilowatt acting for one hour.

kilt /kɪlt/ kilts n
kilt
A traditional Scottish garment, usually worn by men, having roughly the same morphology as a wrap-around skirt, with overlapping front aprons and pleated around the sides and back, and usually made of twill-woven worsted wool with a tartan pattern. [from 18th c.]
A variety of non-bifurcated garments made for men and loosely resembling a Scottish kilt, but most often made from different fabrics and not always with tartan plaid designs.

kimbap kimbaps n
kimbap
A Korean dish of steamed white rice and other ingredients rolled in sheets of dried laver seaweed and served in bite-size slices.

kimchi kimchis n
kimchi
A Korean dish made of vegetables, such as cabbage or radishes, that are salted, seasoned, and stored in sealed containers to undergo lactic acid fermentation.
Koreaniec skośnooki
(countable, slang, ethnic slur, pejorative) A Korean person.

kimono /kəˈmoʊnoʊ/ /kəˈmoʊnə/ [kɪ̈ˈmoʊ̯noʊ̯] [kɪ̈ˈmoʊ̯nə] kimono kimonos n
kimono
A traditional Japanese T-shaped, wrapped-front garment with square sleeves and a rectangular body, now generally worn only on formal occasions.

kin selection n
dobór krewniaczy

kinase /ˈkaɪneɪz/ /ˈkɪneɪz/ kinases n
kinaza
(enzyme, organic compound) Any of a group of enzymes that transfer phosphate groups from high-energy donor molecules, such as ATP, to specific target molecules (substrates), in a process termed phosphorylation.

kincob kincobs n
altembas złotogłów

kind /kaɪnd/ kinder kindest adj
miły
Affectionate.

kind /kaɪnd/ kinds n
rodzaj typ
(archaic) One's inherent nature; character, natural disposition.
rodzaj typ autorament rasa
(type theory) The type of a type constructor or a higher-order type operator.

kind of adv
jakiś
(idiomatic, colloquial) Slightly; somewhat; sort of.

kindergarten /ˈkɪndəɹˌɡɑːɹd(ə)n/ /ˈkɪndəɹˌɡɑːɹt(ə)n/ /ˈkɪndəˌɡɑːt(ə)n/ [ˈkʰɪn(d)əɹˌɡɑːɹt̬(ə)n] [ˈkʰɪɾ̃əɹˌɡɑːɹʔn̩] kindergartens kindergärten n
przedszkole dzieciniec
(North America, Australia) An educational institution for young children, usually between ages 4 and 6; nursery school. [from 1852]

kindergartner /ˈkɪndəˌɡɑːtnə/ /ˈkɪndɚˌɡɑrtnɚ/ kindergartners n
przedszkolak
A child who attends a kindergarten.
przedszkolanka
(rare) A person who teaches at a kindergarten.

kindjal kindjals n
kindżał
A kind of short sword or dagger used in Russia.

kindle /ˈkɪn.dəl/ v
rozpalać rozpalić
(transitive) To start (a fire) or light (a torch, a match, coals, etc.).
wzniecać wzniecić
(transitive, figuratively) To arouse or inspire (a passion, etc).
(intransitive, figuratively) To begin to grow or take hold.

kindness /ˈkaɪndnəs/ /ˈkaɪndnɪs/ kindnesses n
dobroć benewolencja przychylność łaskawość życzliwość
The state of being kind.

kindred /ˈkɪndɹəd/ /ˈkɪndɹɪd/ adj
pokrewny
Of the same nature, or of similar character.

kindred spirit kindred spirits n
bratnia dusza pokrewna dusza przyjazna dusza
(idiomatic) Someone with the same feelings or attitudes as oneself.

kinematics /ˌkɪnəˈmætɪks/ n
kinematyka
(physics) The branch of mechanics concerned with objects in motion, but not with the forces involved.

kinesthetic /ˌkɪnɪsˈθɛtɪk/ more kinesthetic most kinesthetic adj
kinestetyczny ruchowy
Of or relating to kinesthesia.

kinetic /kaɪˈnɛtɪk/ /kɪˈnɛtɪk/ adj
kinetyczny
Relating to motion.
Relating to kinesis or motor function.

kinetic energy kinetic energies n
energia kinetyczna
(physics) The energy possessed by an object because of its motion, equal (nonrelativistically) to one half the mass of the body times the square of its speed.

kinetics /kɪˈnɛt.ɪks/ n
kinetyka
(mechanics) The branch of mechanics concerned with motion of objects, as well as the reason i.e. the forces acting on such bodies. This, along with kinematics constitute dynamics, which is concerned purely with the effects of forces on moving bodies.

king /kiŋ/ /kʰɪŋ/ kings n
król
A male monarch; a man who heads a monarchy. If it is an absolute monarchy, then he is the supreme ruler of his nation.
(chess) The principal chess piece, that players seek to threaten with unavoidable capture to result in a victory by checkmate. It is often the tallest piece, with a symbolic crown with a cross at the top.
(card games) A playing card with the letter "K" and the image of a king on it, the thirteenth card in a given suit.
damka
A checker (a piece of checkers/draughts) that reached the farthest row forward, thus becoming crowned (either by turning it upside-down, or by stacking another checker on it) and gaining more freedom of movement.

king cake /kɪŋ keɪk/ king cakes n
ciasto Trzech Króli
(Louisiana) A decorative cake distributed among friends or visitors on Epiphany. In many traditions it contains a pea, a trinket or some other small object which entitles its finder to be the "king" for one day.

king cobra king cobras n
kobra królewska
A large venomous snake found in East Asia (Ophiophagus hannah), the longest venomous snake in the world.

king of beasts /ˈkɪŋ əv ˈbiːsts/ n
król zwierząt
(idiomatic) The lion.

king of birds n
król ptaków
(idiomatic) The eagle.

king of hearts kings of hearts n
król kier
(card games) One of the 52 playing cards in a standard deck.

king of herrings kings of herrings n
wstęgor królewski królem śledziowym
The giant oarfish, Regalecus glesne.

king of kings kings of kings n
król królow
A king who has other kings as subjects; an emperor.

king penguin king penguins n
pingwin królewski
a large penguin, Aptenodytes patagonicus, that lives on the coast of Antarctica and nearby islands

king vulture /kɪŋ ˈvʌltʃəɹ/ king vultures n
kondor królewski
A widespread species of New World vulture, Sarcoramphus papa.

kingdom /ˈkɪŋdəm/ kingdoms n
królestwo
A realm having a king and/or queen as its actual or nominal sovereign.
(taxonomy) A rank in the classification of organisms, below domain and above phylum; a taxon at that rank (e.g. the plant kingdom, the animal kingdom).

kingfisher /ˈkɪŋˌfɪʃə/ kingfishers n
zimorodek
Any of various birds of the suborder Alcedines (or the family Alcedinidae sensu lato), having a large head, short tail and brilliant colouration; they feed mostly on fish.

kinglet kinglets n
królik
(chiefly, _, pejorative) A petty king; a king ruling over a small or unimportant territory.
mysikrólik
Any of several birds of the family Regulidae.

kingly more kingly most kingly adv
królewsko po królewsku
In a royal manner.

kingship kingships n
królewskość majestat
The dignity, rank or office of a king; the state of being a king.

kinkajou /ˈkɪŋkəˌd͡ʒuː/ /ˈkɪŋkəˌʒuː/ kinkajous n
kinkażu wikławiec
Potos flavus, a carnivorous mammal of Central America and South America with a long, prehensile tail, related to the raccoon.

kinky /ˈkɪŋ.ki/ kinkier kinkiest adj
zboczony
Full of kinks; liable to kink or curl.

kinship /ˈkɪnʃɪp/ kinships n
pokrewieństwo
relation or connection by blood, marriage or adoption

kintsugi /kɪntˈsuːɡi/ n
kintsugi
The Japanese art of repairing broken pottery with lacquer dusted or mixed with powdered gold or similar material, highlighting the cracks instead of disguising them.

kiosk /ˈkiˌɑsk/ /ˈkiːˌɒsk/ kiosks n
kiosk
A small enclosed structure, often freestanding, open on one side or with a window, used as a booth to sell newspapers, cigarettes, etc.
automat
A similar unattended stand for the automatic dispensing of tickets, etc.

kippah /kɪˈpɑː/ /ˈkiːpə/ /ˈkɪpə/ kippahs kippot kippoth n
jarmułka kipa mycka
The cloth skullcap or yarmulke traditionally worn by male Jews.

kipper /ˈkɪpə(ɹ)/ kippers n
kiper
A split, salted and smoked herring or salmon.

kirmess /ˈkɜː(ɹ)məs/ kirmesses n
kiermasz jarmark
An outdoor festival and fair, usually in a German or Dutch-speaking country

kirsch /kɜː(ɹ)ʃ/ /kɪə(ɹ)ʃ/ kirsches n
wiśniówka
(often capitalized) A clear brandy made from black cherries: kirschwasser.

kisel /ˈkiːsəl/ kisels n
kisiel
A dessert (sometimes consumed as a drink) made from fruit or berry juice and thickened with starch, common in Slavic and Baltic countries as well as Finland.

kiskadee kiskadees n
bentewi
Either of two species of bird in the tyrant flycatcher family.

kismet /ˈkɪs.mɛt/ /ˈkɪz.mɛt/ kismets n
los przeznaczenie
Fate; a predetermined or unavoidable destiny.

kiss /kɪs/ [kʰɪs] kisses n
pocałunek całus
A touch with the lips, usually to express love or affection, or as a greeting.

kiss /kɪs/ [kʰɪs] v
całować pocałować
(transitive) To touch with the lips or press the lips against, usually to show love or affection or passion, or as part of a greeting.
(intransitive) Of two or more people, to touch each other's lips together, usually to express love or affection or passion.

kiss me phraseologicalUnit
pocałuj mnie
I informally request that you kiss me—that you touch my lips with your lips or press the lips against, as an expression of love or affection.

kiss my ass interjection
pocałuj mnie w dupęǃ
(vulgar, idiomatic) Go away!; an expression of disdain or dismissal.

kiss of peace kisses of peace n
znak pokoju
(Christianity) An early Christian greeting consisting of a kiss, originally on the mouth but later on the cheek, still used in some traditional churches.

kit /kɪt/ kits n
rynsztunek
A collection of items forming the equipment of a soldier, carried in a knapsack.
Any collection of items needed for a specific purpose, especially for use by a workman, or personal effects packed for travelling.

kit fox kit foxes n
lis długouchy
Vulpes macrotis, a species of fox found in the Southwestern United States and Mexico.

kitchen /ˈkɪt͡ʃən/ /ˈkɪt͡ʃɪn/ kitchens n
kuchnia
A room or area for preparing food.
(slang) A public gaming room in a casino.

kitchen cabinet kitchen cabinets n
szafa kuchenna
Built-in cabinet found in a kitchen.

kitchen sink kitchen sinks n
zlew zlewozmywak
(literal) A sink in a kitchen used for washing dishes and preparing food.
funt rozmaitości mydło i powidło
(figurative) A miscellany or a miscellaneous item; an item exemplifying an indiscriminate profusion.

kitchenette /ˌkɪt͡ʃəˈnɛt/ kitchenettes n
aneks kuchenny
A small kitchen or area for preparing food, often just a part of a room.

kitchenhand kitchenhands n
pomocnica kuchenna pomocnik kuchenny
A person who is employed to assist a cook in a kitchen.

kitchenware kitchenwares n
naczynia kuchenne przybory kuchenne sprzęt kuchenny
Instruments and utensils found in a kitchen, particularly those associated with the preparation and serving of food.

kite /kaɪt/ kites n
kania
A bird of prey of the family Accipitridae.
latawiec deltoid
(geometry) A polygon resembling the shape of a traditional toy kite (sense 3): a quadrilateral having two pairs of edges of equal length, the edges of each pair touching each other at one end.
latawiec
(sailing, dated) In a square-rigged ship: originally a sail positioned above a topsail; later a lightweight sail set above the topgallants, such as a studding sail or a jib topsail.
gryps
(US, prison slang) A (usually concealed) letter or oral message, especially one passed illegally into, within, or out of a prison.

kitesurfing v
kitesurfing
water sport

kitsch /kɪt͡ʃ/ kitscher kitschest more kitsch most kitsch adj
kiczowaty
Of art and decor: of questionable aesthetic value; excessively sentimental, overdone or vulgar.

kitsch /kɪt͡ʃ/ kitsches n
kicz
Art, decorative objects, and other forms of representation of questionable artistic or aesthetic value; a representation that is excessively sentimental, overdone, or vulgar.

kitschily more kitschily most kitschily adv
kiczowato
In a kitschy way.

kitschy /ˈkɪt͡ʃi/ kitschier kitschiest adj
kiczowaty
Having the nature of kitsch: excessively sentimental, overdone or vulgar.

kitten /ˈkɪtən/ kittens n
kociak kocię kotek
A young cat, especially before sexual maturity (reached at about seven months).

kitten /ˈkɪtən/ v
kocić okocić
to give birth to kittens

kitten heel kitten heels n
kaczuszka
A short, slender heel on a woman's shoe or sandal.

kitty /ˈkɪti/ [ˈkʰɘɾiː] [ˈkʰɪɾi] kitties n
kotek
(informal) A kitten or young cat.
kotek kicia kiciuś
(childish, sometimes capitalized) A pet name for a cat.

kitty-cat kitty-cats n
kiciuś
(colloquial, usually, childish) A domestic cat (subspecies Felis silvestris catus).

kiwi /ˈkiːwi/ kiwi kiwis n
kiwi
A flightless bird of the genus Apteryx native to New Zealand.

kiwi fruit kiwi fruit n
kiwi
A Chinese gooseberry vine fruit, having a hairy brown skin and dark green (or in the case of the kiwi fruit gold, yellow) flesh with fine black seeds, almost always varieties of Actinidia deliciosa.

klaxon /ˈklæks(ə)n/ klaxons n
klakson
A loud electric alarm or horn. [from 1908]

kleenex /ˈkli.nɛks/ /ˈklin.ɛks/ kleenexes n
chusteczka higieniczna chusteczka jednorazowa
(North America) A disposable tissue.

kleptocracy kleptocracies n
kleptokracja
A corrupt and dishonest government or society characterised by greed.

kleptomania /ˌklɛp.təˈmeɪ.ni.ə, -ˈmeɪn.jə/ kleptomanias n
kleptomania
(psychology) A psychological disorder that causes an uncontrollable obsession with stealing without economic or material need.

klezmer /ˈklɛzmə/ /ˈklɛzməɹ/ klezmers klezmorim n
klezmer klezmerka
(music genre, uncountable) A type of popular Jewish folk music especially associated with Ashkenazi cultures.

klipspringer /ˈklɪpˌsprɪŋə/ /ˈklɪpˌsprɪŋər/ klipspringers n
koziołek skalny
A small antelope native to eastern and southern Africa having a dense, brown, speckled coat (Oreotragus oreotragus).

kliros n
kliros
(Christianity) The section of an Eastern Orthodox or Eastern Catholic church dedicated to the choir.

klutz /klʌts/ klutzes n
ciamajda fajtłapa oferma
(US, pejorative) A clumsy or stupid person.

knack /næk/ knacks n
biegłość dryg smykałka żyłka
A readiness in performance; aptness at doing something. [from 1580]

knacker /ˈnakə/ /ˈnækɚ/ knackers n
rakarz
One who dismantles old ships, houses, etc. and sells their components.

knacker's yard /ˈnæ.kɚz ˌjɑɹd/ /ˈnæk.əz ˌjɑːd/ knackers' yards n
bakutil
The area of a slaughterhouse where carcasses unfit for human consumption or other purposes are rendered down to produce useful materials such as glue.

knave /neɪv/ knaves n
walet
(cards) A playing card marked with the figure of a servant or soldier; a jack.

knawel knawels n
czerwiec
A low, spreading weed of the genus Scleranthus, especially

knead /niːd/ v
miesić gnieść ugniatać zagniatać
(transitive) To work and press into a mass, usually with the hands; especially, to work, as by repeated pressure with the knuckles, into a well mixed mass, the materials of bread, cake, etc.

kneaded eraser kneaded erasers n
gumka chlebowa
A tool made from pliable material resembling putty or chewing gum used to absorb graphite or charcoal.

kneading trough kneading troughs n
dzieża
A (usually wooden) trough in which dough is kneaded before baking into bread.

knee /kniː/ /ni/ /niː/ kneen knees n
kolano
In humans, the joint or the region of the joint in the middle part of the leg between the thigh and the shank.
The part of a garment that covers the knee.
(figurative) The presence of a parent etc., where a young child acquires early knowledge.

knee pad knee pads n
nakolannik
A protective garment worn on a knee to protect it from injury, for example due to a blow or a fall.

knee sock knee socks n
podkolanówka zakolanówka
(chiefly, in the plural) A sock that reaches almost up to the knee.

knee-high knee-highs n
podkolanówka zakolanówka
(US, usually, in the plural) A sock or stocking that reaches to the knees; chiefly, women's nylon stockings that end slightly above the knee and supported by garter belts.

knee-high to a grasshopper adj
ledwo odrosnąć od ziemi
(idiomatic) short; especially relating to when the subject was a small child

kneecap /ˈniːˌkæp/ kneecaps n
rzepka
(anatomy) The flat, roundish bone in the knee.

kneel /niːl/ v
klęczeć
(intransitive) To rest on one's bent knees, sometimes only one; to move to such a position.

knell /nɛl/ knells n
podzwonne
The sound of a bell knelling; a toll (particularly one signalling a death).

knell /nɛl/ v
bić w dzwon dzwonić
(intransitive) To ring a bell slowly, especially for a funeral; to toll.
(transitive) To signal or proclaim something (especially a death) by ringing a bell.

knick-knack /ˈnɪkˌnæk/ knick-knacks n
bibelot błyskotka szpargał
A small ornament or other object of minor value.

knickerbockers /ˈnɪkəbɒkəz/ /ˈnɪkɚbɑkɚz/ n
pumpy spodenki
Men's or boys' baggy knee breeches, of a type particularly popular in the early 20th century.

knife /naɪf/ knives n
nóż
A utensil or a tool designed for cutting, consisting of a flat piece of hard material, usually steel or other metal (the blade), usually sharpened on one edge, attached to a handle. The blade may be pointed for piercing.
A weapon designed with the aforementioned specifications intended for slashing and/or stabbing and too short to be called a sword. A dagger.
Any blade-like part in a tool or a machine designed for cutting, such as that of a chipper.

knife pleat knife pleats n
plisa płaska
(sewing) A type of sharply pressed pleating, especially in a skirt or kilt, in which all of the folds are turned in one direction, with each pleat being three layers of fabric thick.

knifeman knifemen n
nożownik
A man who uses a knife as a weapon.

knifer knifers n
nożownik
Someone who stabs another with a knife.

knight /naɪt/ knights n
rycerz raciądz
(by extension) An armored and mounted warrior of the Middle Ages.
rycerz kawaler
(modern) A person on whom a knighthood has been conferred by a monarch.
skoczek koń konik
(chess) A chess piece, often in the shape of a horse's head, that is moved two squares in one direction and one at right angles to that direction in a single move, leaping over any intervening pieces.

knight /naɪt/ v
nadać rangę kawalerską pasować na rycerza
(chess, transitive) To promote (a pawn) to a knight.

knight-errant knights-errant n
błędny rycerz
A knight in a medieval romance who wanders in search of adventure and opportunities to prove his chivalry.
A person who displays an adventurous or a quixotic spirit.

knish /knɪʃ/ /kəˈnɪʃ/ knishes n
knysz
An Eastern European Jewish, or Yiddish, snack food consisting of a dumpling covered with a shell of baked or fried dough

knit /ˈnɪt/ v
dziać robić na drutach
(ambitransitive) To turn thread or yarn into a piece of fabric by forming loops that are pulled through each other. This can be done by hand with needles or by machine.

knitting needle knitting needles n
drut
A long, thin, pointed rod, used in pairs to knit yarn.

knob /nɑb/ /nɒb/ knobs n
gałka
A rounded protuberance, especially one arising from a flat surface; a fleshy lump or caruncle.
A rounded control switch that can be turned on its axis, designed to be operated by the fingers.

knock /nɑk/ /nɒk/ knocks n
puknięcie stuk stuknięcie stukot
An abrupt rapping sound, as from an impact of a hard object against wood.

knock /nɑk/ /nɒk/ v
pukać stukać zapukać zastukać
(intransitive) To rap one's knuckles against something, especially wood.

knock about /ˌnɑk əˈbaʊt/ /ˌnɒk əˈbaʊt/ v
pomiatać pomieść poniewierać poobijać sponiewierać wytłuc
(transitive) To hit (someone or something) all over repeatedly; hence, to behave violently towards or mistreat (someone or something).

knock down v
obalić powalić zbić zwalić
(transitive) To hit or knock (something or someone), intentionally or accidentally, so that it falls.

knock for a loop v
zbijać z pantałyku zbijać z tropu zbić z pantałyku zbić z tropu zwalać z nóg zwalić z nóg
(transitive, idiomatic) To astonish; to stagger or overwhelm; to confuse or disorient.

knock on wood /ˌnɑk ɑn ˈwʊd/ /ˌnɑk ɔn ˈwʊd/ /ˌnɒk ɒn ˈwʊd/ [ˌnäk än ˈwʊd] v
odpukać w niemalowane drewno
(idiomatic, US) To take a customary action to ward off some misfortune that is believed to be attracted by a presumptuous statement.

knock out v
powalić
(transitive, idiomatic) To render unconscious, as by a blow to the head.

knock over v
strącać strącić
To bump or strike something in such a way as to tip it

knock someone's socks off v
zerwać beret zrywać beret
(idiomatic) To impress greatly; amaze; stun.

knock-knock interjection
puk-puk
a verbal emulation of a knocking sound

knockoff knockoffs n
podróbka
An imitation of something, particularly a well-known product, usually lower in quality and price than the original.

knockout /ˈnɑk.oʊt/ /ˈnɒk.aʊt/ adj
powalający
Amazing; gorgeous; beautiful.

knockout /ˈnɑk.oʊt/ /ˈnɒk.aʊt/ knockouts n
nokaut
The act of making one unconscious, or at least unable to come back on one's feet within a certain period of time; a TKO.

knoll /noʊl/ /nəʊl/ knolls n
pagórek
A small mound or rounded hill.

knot /nɑt/ /nɒt/ knots n
węzeł
A looping of a piece of string or of any other long, flexible material that cannot be untangled without passing one or both ends of the material through its loops.
(of hair, etc) A tangled clump.
(mathematics) A non-self-intersecting closed curve in (e.g., three-dimensional) space that is an abstraction of a knot (in sense 1 above).
(aviation) A unit of indicated airspeed, calibrated airspeed, or equivalent airspeed, which varies in its relation to the unit of speed so as to compensate for the effects of different ambient atmospheric conditions on aircraft performance.

knotless adj
bezsęczny bezsęki

knotty /ˈnɑti/ /ˈnɒti/ [-ɾi] knottier knottiest more knotty most knotty adj
sękaty
Of string or something stringlike: full of, or tied up, in knots.

knotweed knotweeds n
rdest
Any of several plants of the genus Polygonum, with jointed stems and inconspicuous flowers

knout /naʊt/ [nʌʊt] knouts n
knut bicz nahajka
A leather scourge (multi-tail whip), in the severe version known as 'great knout' with metal weights on each tongue, notoriously used in imperial Russia.

know /noʊ/ /nəʊ/ v
wiedzieć znać
(transitive) To perceive the truth or factuality of; to be certain of; to be certain that.
(intransitive) To have knowledge; to have information, be informed.
znać
(transitive) To be acquainted or familiar with; to have encountered.
znać się wiedzieć
(transitive, philosophy) To maintain (a belief, a position) subject to a given philosophical definition of knowledge; to hold a justified true belief.

know like the back of one's hand v
znać jak własną kieszeń
(transitive, simile) To be intimately knowledgeable about something.

know one's stuff v
znać się na czymś
(intransitive, informal) To be knowledgeable about and competent at a particular subject or task.

know someone from Adam v
znać

know thyself proverb
poznaj samego siebie
(also, _, philosophy) Be aware of your own strengths and limitations.

know-how /ˈnoʊ.haʊ/ /ˈnəʊ.haʊ/ n
know-how
The knowledge and skill to be able to (do something correctly).

know-it-all know-it-alls n
mądrala besserwisser przemądrzalec chłopek-roztropek mądraliński
(chiefly, US, pejorative) Someone who claims to be knowledgeable or an expert in something, obnoxiously dismissing the opinions, advice, suggestions, etc. of others.

know-it-allery n
besserwisserstwo

knowledge /ˈnoʊlɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈnɑlɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈnɒlɪd͡ʒ/ knowledges n
wiedza
The fact of knowing about something; general understanding or familiarity with a subject, place, situation etc. [from 14th c.]
The total of what is known; all information and products of learning. [from 16th c.]
świadomość wiedza
Awareness of a particular fact or situation; a state of having been informed or made aware of something. [from 14th c.]

knowledge is power proverb
wiedza to potęga
Scientia potentia est; with knowledge and/or education, one's potential or ability to succeed in the pursuit of one's objectives will certainly increase.

knowledgeable /ˈnɑ.lɪ.d͡ʒə.bəl/ /ˈnɒl.ɪ.d͡ʒə.bəl/ more knowledgeable most knowledgeable adj
obeznany
Having knowledge, especially of a particular subject.

known /noʊn/ /nəʊn/ /ˈnɐʉ.wɘn/ /ˈnɐʉn/ best known better known adj
wiadomy
Identified as a specific type; famous, renowned.

knuckle /ˈnʌkəl/ knuckles n
kłykieć
Any of the joints between the bones of the fingers.
przegub
(shipbuilding) A convex portion of a vessel's figure where a sudden change of shape occurs, as in a canal boat, where a nearly vertical side joins a nearly flat bottom.

knurl /nɜːl/ /nɝl/ knurls n
moletowanie radełkowanie ryflowanie
A lined or crossgrained pattern of ridges or indentations rolled or pressed into a part for grip.

koala /koʊ.ˈɑː.lə/ /kə.ˈwɑː.lə/ /kəʊ.ˈɑː.lə/ /ˈkwɑː.lə/ koalas n
koala
A tree-dwelling marsupial, Phascolarctos cinereus, that resembles a small bear with a broad head, large ears and sharp claws, mainly found in eastern Australia.

kobold kobolde kobolds n
kobold
(German mythology) An ambivalent, sometimes vindictive, spirit that is capable of materialising as an object or human, often a child; a sprite.
(German folklore) A mischievous elf or goblin, or one connected (and helpful) to a family or household.

kobza kobzas n
kobza
(musical instruments) A lute-like stringed instrument traditionally made from a single block of wood, with a medium-length neck, originating in Ukrainian folk music.

kodkod kodkods n
kodkod
A small South American feline, Leopardus guigna.

kofta /ˈkɑːftə/ /ˈkɒftə/ /ˈkɔːftə/ koftas n
kofta
Any of various spicy meatball or meatloaf dishes of the Middle East, Caucasus, South Asia, and the Balkans.

kogel mogel /ˌkoʊ.ɡəlˈmoʊ.ɡəl/ kogel mogels n
kogel-mogel
An egg-based homemade dessert made from egg yolks, sugar, and flavourings such as honey, vanilla, cocoa or rum, similar to eggnog, popular in Central and Eastern Europe, as well as in Caucasus.

kohlrabi /koʊlˈɹɑb.i/ /kəʊlˈɹɑː.bi/ kohlrabies kohlrabis n
kalarepa
Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes, a variety of the cabbage, having a turnip-shaped edible stem.

koine /ˈkɔɪneɪ/ /ˈkɔɪniː/ koinai koines n
koine
A regional language that becomes standard over time.

kokoshnik kokoshniki kokoshniks n
kokosznik
A traditional Russian headdress worn by women and girls to accompany the sarafan.

koliva /ˈkɒlɪvə/ /ˈkəʊlɪvə/ n
kutia
A dish made of sweetened boiled wheat, optionally mixed with nuts and spices, and used in Eastern Orthodox rituals to commemorate the dead or at slava.

kolkhoz /-kɒs/ /-kɔs/ /-kɔz/ /kol-/ /kɒl-/ /kɔːl-/ /kəlˈkɒz/ kolkhozes kolkhozy n
kołchoz
(historical) A farming collective in the former Soviet Union.

kolkhoznik kolkhozniki kolkhozniks kolkhozniky n
kołchoźniczka kołchoźnik
(Soviet Union) One who works on a kolkhoz.

kolo /ˈkoʊloʊ/ /ˈkəʊləʊ/ kolos n
kolo
A national folk dance common in regions pertaining to South Slavic people, performed in a circle.

kolovrat kolovrats n
kołowrót swarozyca świąszczyca
(neopaganism, politics, fascism, nationalism) An eight-spoked swastika used by Slavic neopagan, fascist, and nationalist groups.

komboskini komboskini n
czotki
(Christianity) A rope of usually 33, 50 or 100 knots, used in meditative prayer in the Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic tradition, to count one's recitations of the Jesus Prayer.

kombu /ˈkɒmbuː/ kombus n
kombu
A kind of long horn instrument from Tamil Nadu and Kerala.

kombucha /ˌkɑmˈbu.t͡ʃə/ /ˌkɑmˈbu.ʃə/ kombuchas n
kombucza
A fermentation of sweetened tea of Mongolian origin.

kompromat kompromats n
kompromat hak haki
Compromising material, blackmail material, (real or fabricated) evidence that a person does not want revealed, dirt.

kookaburra /ˈkʊkəˌbaɹə/ /ˈkʊkəˌbɝɹə/ /ˈkʊkəˌbʌɹə/ kookaburras n
kukabura
Any of several species of kingfishers in the genus Dacelo.

kopek kopeks n
kopiejka
A Russian monetary unit equal to one hundredth of a ruble.
A kopiyka: a Ukrainian monetary unit equal to one hundredth of a hryvnia.

kopi luwak /ˈkoʊpi ˈlu(w)æk/ /ˈkoʊpi ˈlu(w)ɑk/ n
kopi luwak
Coffee made from the beans of coffee berries eaten, digested and defecated by civets.

kore /ˈkoɹeɪ/ /ˈkɔəɹeɪ/ korai kores n
kora
(arts, sculpture) An Ancient Greek statue of a woman, portrayed standing, usually clothed, painted in bright colours and having an elaborate hairstyle.

korephilia /kɒɹɪˈfɪlɪə/ /ˌkɔɹɪˈfiːli.ə/ /ˌkɔɹɪˈfɪli.ə/ n
korefilia
(rare) Erotic attraction of a woman or older female toward young girls; lesbian pederasty.

korovai korovai korovais n
korowaj
A large, single-piece round or rectangular loaf of bread, elaborately decorated and served at a wedding

koruna /kəˈɹuːnə/ korun korunas koruny n
korona
The currency of the Czech Republic, divided into 100 hellers.
The former currency of Slovakia, divided into 100 haliers.

kosher /ˈkoʊʃɚ/ /ˈkɑʃə(ɹ)/ /ˈkɔʃə(ɹ)/ /ˈkəʊʃə/ more kosher most kosher adj
koszerny
(Judaism) Fit for use or consumption, in accordance with Jewish law (especially relating to food).

kosovorotka kosovorotkas n
rubaszka
A traditional Russian skewed-collared shirt for men.

koulan koulans n
kułan
A subspecies of onager (Equus hemionus), Equus hemionus kulan.

koumiss /ˈkuːmɪs/ koumisses n
kumys
A fermented drink made from mare's milk, common among peoples of the Central Asian steppes.

kowtow /ˈkaʊˌtaʊ/ v
kłaniać się
(intransitive, figuratively) To grovel, act in a very submissive manner.

kozachok /kəˌzɑˈt͡ʃɔk/ /ˌkazəˈtʃɒk/ /ˌkɑːzəˈtʃɒk/ kozachoks n
kazaczok kozak
A Ukrainian and Russian couple-dance with constantly increasing tempo.

krai /kɹaɪ̯/ krais n
kraj
(administrative division) A region or province in Russia.

kremlin kremlins n
kreml
(architecture, Slavic architecture) A fortified, central complex found in various Russian cities.

kreplach n
kreplech uszko
(plurale tantum) Small dumplings of Eastern European origin, filled with meat or cheese and served usually in soup.

krill /kɹɪl/ krill krills n
kryl
any of several small marine crustacean species of plankton in the order Euphausiacea in the class Malacostraca.

kroužek /ˈkɹəʊʒɛk/ kroužky n
kółko
A ring-shaped diacritical mark (˚), whose use is largely restricted to Å, å and Ů, ů, and whereon it represents an etymological ‘o’.

krupnik n
krupnik

krypton /ˈkɹɪptɒn/ kryptons n
krypton
The chemical element (symbol Kr) with an atomic number of 36. It is a colourless, odourless noble gas that only reacts with fluorine. It is one of the rarest gases in the Earth's atmosphere.

króna /ˈkɹəʊ.nə/ krónur n
korona
The currency of Iceland, divided into 100 aurar

kudos /ˈkjuːdɒs/ /ˈkuː.doʊs/ /ˈkuː.doʊz/ n
chwała
Praise; accolades.

kugel /ˈkuːɡəl/ /ˈkʊɡəl/ kugels n
gugiel kugel kugiel
A traditional Jewish dish consisting of baked pudding of rice, pasta, or potatoes with vegetables or raisins and spices.
(slang, South Africa) Overly materialistic and selfish young Jewish woman.

kulak /ˈkulæk/ /ˈkuːlak/ kulaki kulaks n
kułak
(historical) A prosperous peasant in the Russian Empire or the Soviet Union, who owned land and could hire workers.

kummel kummels n
alasz
A German caraway liqueur.

kumquat /ˈkʌmkwɑt/ /ˈkʌmkwɒt/ kumquats n
kumkwat
A small, orange citrus-like fruit which is native to Asia (Citrus japonica, syn. Fortunella japonica).

kuna kunas n
kuna
The former (until 2023) currency of Croatia, divided into 100 lipa.

kung fu /ˈkɔŋ ˈfuː/ /ˈkʊŋ ˈfuː/ /ˈkʌŋ ˈfuː/ kung fu n
kung-fu
(martial arts) The Chinese martial arts collectively.

kurgan /kʊəˈɡɑːn/ kurgans n
kurhan
A prehistoric burial mound once used by peoples in Siberia and Central Asia.

kurta kurtas n
kurta
A traditional article of clothing worn in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, consisting of a loose, collarless, long-sleeved, knee-length shirt worn by both men and women.

kvass /kvɑːs/ kvasses n
kwas chlebowy kwas
A fermented cereal-based low alcoholic beverage, often flavored with fruit, honey and herbs.

kyat /kiˈ(j)ɑt/ /kiːˈɑːt/ /ˈkjɑt/ /ˈt͡ʃɑt/ kyat kyats n
kiat
The official currency of Myanmar.

kylix /ˈkaɪlɪks/ kylices kylikes kylixes n
kyliks
An Ancient Greek drinking cup with a stem, two handles, and a broad, shallow body

kyphosis kyphoses n
kifoza
(pathology) An abnormal convex curvature of the spine in the cervical or lumbar regions of the spine.

l-vocalization n
wałczenie

la /lɑː/ las n
la
(music) A syllable used in solfège to represent the sixth note of a major scale.

lab coat /ˈlæb ˌkoʊt/ /ˈlæb ˌkəʊt/ lab coats n
fartuch
A white coat worn by laboratory workers to protect day clothes from damage by spillage etc.

label /ˈleɪbəl/ labels n
metka etykieta nalepka
A small ticket or sign giving information about something to which it is attached or intended to be attached.
etykietka
A name given to something or someone to categorise them as part of a particular social group.

label /ˈleɪbəl/ v
etykietować
(transitive) To put a label (a ticket or sign) on (something).
(ditransitive) To give a label to (someone or something) in order to categorise that person or thing.

labellum /ləˈbɛl.əm/ labella labellums n
warżka

labia /ˈleɪ.bi.ə/ n
wargi sromowe
folds of tissue at opening of vulva

labia majora n
wargi sromowe większe
(anatomy) The two outer rounded folds of adipose tissue that lie on either side of the opening of the vagina.

labia minora n
wargi sromowe mniejsze
(anatomy) The two inner folds of skin within the cleft of the labia majora.

labial /ˈleɪ.bi.əl/ adj
wargowy
(anatomy, zootomy) Of or pertaining to the lips or labia.
wargowy labialny
(linguistics, phonetics) Articulated by the lips, as the consonants b, m and w.

labialization labializations n
labializacja
(phonology) A secondary articulatory feature of usually consonants that involves the contraction or rounding of the lips (labia) during pronunciation.

labile /ˈleɪbaɪl/ more labile most labile adj
labilny
Liable to slip, err, fall, or apostatize.

labium /ˈleɪ.bi.əm/ labia n
warga sromowa
(anatomy, usually, in the plural) A liplike structure; especially one of the two pairs of folds of skin on either side of the vulva.

labneh labnehs n
jogurt grecki
Yogurt that has been strained to filter or remove the whey and thus has a consistency between that of yoghurt and cheese.

labor market labor markets n
rynek pracy
(economics) The market consisting of the supply of unemployed workers in relation to the demand for them.

labor-intensive more labor-intensive most labor-intensive adj
pracochłonny
(American spelling) Requiring a great deal of work, especially physical and manual effort versus capital.

labor-saving more labor-saving most labor-saving adj
ułatwiający pracę

laboratory /ləˈbɒɹət(ə)ɹiː/ /ləˈbɔɹətɹi/ /ləˈbɔɹəˌtɔɹi/ /ˈlæb(ə)ɹəˌtɔɹi/ /ˈlæbɹəˌtɔɹi/ laboratories n
laboratorium pracownia
A room, building or institution equipped for scientific research, experimentation or analysis.
laboratorium seminarium
A place where chemicals, drugs or microbes are prepared or manufactured.

laborer /ˈleɪ.bɚ.ɹɚ/ laborers n
robotnik
One who uses bodily strength rather than intellect to earn a wage, usually hourly.

laborious /ləˈbɔːɹiəs/ more laborious most laborious adj
mozolny pracochłonny
Requiring much physical effort; toilsome.

labour /ˈleɪ.bə/ /ˈleɪ.bɚ/ labours n
robota
That which requires hard work for its accomplishment; that which demands effort.
praca robota
(uncountable) Workers in general; the working class, the workforce; sometimes specifically the labour movement, organised labour.
poród
(medicine, obstetrics) The act of a mother giving birth.
The time period during which a mother gives birth.

labour /ˈleɪ.bə/ /ˈleɪ.bɚ/ v
pracować
(intransitive) To toil, to work.

labour camp labour camps n
obóz pracy
A type of prison where prisoners are obliged to do forced labour, usually outdoors.

labour law n
prawo pracy

laburnum /ləˈbɜːnəm/ /ləˈbɝnəm/ laburnums n
złotodeszcz złotokap
Any tree of genus Laburnum. They have bright yellow flowers and are poisonous.

labyrinth /ˈlæb.ə.ɹɪnθ/ /ˈlæb.ɹɪnθ/ labyrinths n
labirynt
(by extension) Anything complicated and confusing in structure, arrangement, or character.
labirynt błędnik
(gardening) A maze formed by paths separated by high hedges.
(anatomy) A complex structure in the inner ear which contains the organs of hearing and balance. It consists of bony cavities (the bony labyrinth) filled with fluid and lined with sensitive membranes (the membranous labyrinth).

labyrinthine /ˌlab.əˈɹɪn.θʌɪn/ /ˌlæb.əˈɹɪn.θɪn/ /ˌlæb.əˈɹɪnˌθaɪn/ /ˌlæb.əˈɹɪnˌθin/ more labyrinthine most labyrinthine adj
labiryntowy
Physically resembling a labyrinth; with the qualities of a maze.

labyrinthitis /ˌlæbɪɹɪnˈθaɪtɪs/ labyrinthites labyrinthitides n
zapalenie błędnika
(pathology) Inflammation of the labyrinth of the inner ear.

lac /læk/ lacs n
lakier
A resinous substance or lacquer produced mainly on the banyan tree by the female of Kerria lacca, a scale insect.

lace /leɪs/ laces n
koronka
(uncountable) A light fabric containing patterns of holes, usually built up from a single thread. Wp

lace /leɪs/ v
sznurować
(ergative) To fasten (something) with laces.

laced moray laced morays n
murena cętkowana
Gymnothorax favagineus, a species of moray eel.

laceration /læsəˈɹeɪʃən/ lacerations n
rana szarpana
An irregular open wound caused by a blunt impact to soft tissue.

lachanophobia /ˌlækənəˈfəʊbɪə/ n
lachanofobia
An irrational fear of vegetables.

laches /ˈlætʃɪz/ n
przedawnienie
(legal) An unreasonable delay in bringing a claim alleging a wrong, which means the person who waited shall not be permitted to seek an equitable remedy because the delay prejudiced the moving party.

lachrymatory /ˈlækɹɪmətəɹi/ more lachrymatory most lachrymatory adj
łzawiący
Pertaining to or causing tears.

lachrymose /ˈlæk.ɹɪ.moʊs/ more lachrymose most lachrymose adj
płaczliwy łzawy
Tearful, sorrowful, sad, pertaining to tears, weeping, causing tears or crying.

lack /læk/ lacks n
brak niedostatek
A deficiency or need (of something desirable or necessary); an absence, want.

lack /læk/ v
brakować zabraknąć
(transitive, stative) To be without, not to have, to need, to require.

lackey /ˈlæ.ki/ lackeys n
lokaj
A footman, a liveried male servant.
przydupas sługus
A fawning, servile follower.

lackless /ˈlækləs/ adj
bezbrakowy

lackluster /ˈlæklʌstə(ɹ)/ more lackluster most lackluster adj
bezbarwny
Having no shine or lustre; dull.
(figurative) Not exceptional; not worthy of special merit, attention, or interest; having no vitality.

lacklusterly more lacklusterly most lacklusterly adv
bezbarwnie

lacklusterness n
bezbarwność

laconic /ləˈkɑnɪk/ /ləˈkɒnɪk/ more laconic most laconic adj
lakoniczny
Using as few words as possible; pithy and concise.

laconically more laconically most laconically adv
lakonicznie
In a terse manner, given to using few words.

lacquer /ˈlæk.ə/ /ˈlæk.ɚ/ lacquers n
lakier
A glossy, resinous material used as a surface coating; either a natural exudation of certain trees, or a solution of nitrocellulose in alcohol, etc.

lacquerer lacquerers n
lakiernik
One who lacquers.

lacrosse /ləˈkɹɑs/ /ləˈkɹɒs/ /ləˈkɹɔs/ n
lacrosse
(sports) A sport played on a field between two opposing teams using sticks (crosses) and a ball, whereby one team defeats the other by scoring more goals within the allotted time.

lactase lactases n
laktaza
(enzyme, organic compound) A β-galactosidase enzyme that is involved in the hydrolysis of the disaccharide lactose into constituent galactose and glucose monomers.

lactation /lækˈteɪʃən/ lactations n
laktacja
The secretion of milk#Noun from the mammary gland of a female mammal.

lactic /ˈlæktɪk/ adj
mleczny
Of, relating to, or derived from milk.

lactic acid n
kwas mlekowy
(carboxylic acid) 2-hydroxy-propanoic acid (CH3.CHOH.CO2H), a syrupy liquid, soluble in water; found in milk, wine and many fruits; used as a food additive and in many industrial applications.

lactone lactones n
lakton
(organic chemistry) A cyclic intramolecular ester derived from a hydroxy acid

lactose /ˈlæk.toʊs/ /ˈlæk.təʊs/ /ˈlæk.təʊz/ lactoses n
laktoza
(carbohydrate) The disaccharide sugar of milk and dairy products, C12H22O11, a product of glucose and galactose used as a food and in medicinal compounds.

lactose intolerance lactose intolerances n
nietolerancja laktozy
Inability to fully metabolize lactose.

lacustrine /-aɪn/ /ləˈkʌstɹɪn/ more lacustrine most lacustrine adj
jeziorny
Of or relating to lakes.

lacy /ˈleɪ.si/ lacier laciest adj
koronkowy
Made of lace or decorated with it.

lad /læd/ /ləd/ lads n
chłopak chłopiec młodzieniec
A boy or young man.

ladder /ˈladə/ /ˈlædɚ/ [ˈlæɾɚ] ladders n
drabina
A frame, usually portable, of wood, metal, or rope, used for ascent and descent, consisting of two side pieces to which are fastened rungs (cross strips or rounds acting as steps).
In the game of go, a sequence of moves following a zigzag pattern and ultimately leading to the capture of the attacked stones.

ladder wagon ladder wagons n
wóz drabiniasty
(historical) An agricultural wagon with sides resembling ladders.

ladies and gentlemen n
panie i panowie
Used to address an audience.
(rare, _, and, _, euphemism) Public toilets: a ladies' room and a gentlemen's room.

ladies first phraseologicalUnit
panie przodem

ladle /ˈleɪ.dəl/ ladles n
chochla warząchew apałonik kopyść warzęcha łyżka wazowa
A deep-bowled spoonlike utensil with a long, usually curved, handle.
kadź
(metallurgy) A container used in a foundry to transport and pour out molten metal.

lady /ˈleɪdi/ [ˈleɪ.ɾi] ladies n
dama pani
A woman of breeding or higher class, a woman of authority.
pani lady
A title for someone married to a lord or gentleman.
pani dama
A woman to whom the particular homage of a knight was paid; a woman to whom one is devoted or bound.

lady fern lady ferns n
wietlica samicza
A fern of the species Athyrium filix-femina, native throughout the temperate Northern Hemisphere.

lady's man ladies' men lady's men n
zdobywca serc
(idiomatic) A man who attracts women and enjoys their company.

lady's slipper lady's slippers n
obuwik
Any orchid of the subfamily Cypripedioideae, distinguished by their slipper-shaped pouches which trap insects to improve pollination rates.
obuwik pospolity
The type species of this subfamily, Cypripedium calceolus.

lady's thumb lady's thumbs n
rdest plamisty
A perennial plant of the knotweed family, native to Eurasia but introduced to many other regions, Persicaria maculosa.

lady-in-waiting /ˌleɪdi ɪn ˈweɪtɪŋ/ /ˌleɪdɪ ɪn ˈweɪtɪŋ/ [-ɾɪŋ] ladies-in-waiting n
dama dworu
A lady, often a noblewoman, in the household of a queen, princess, or other woman of higher rank who attends her as a personal assistant, generally a role considered an honour.

ladybird /ˈleɪ.di.bəːd/ /ˈleɪ.di.bɝd/ ladybirds n
biedronka boża krówka
Any of the Coccinellidae family of beetles, typically having a round shape and red or yellow spotted elytra.

ladyboy /ˈleɪdiˌbɔɪ/ ladyboys n
ladyboy
(colloquial, chiefly, Thailand) A trans woman or transfeminine person in or from Asia.

ladyship /ˈleɪ.di.ʃɪp/ ladyships n
Pani
Term of respect for a woman of the peerage without using her title.

lag /læɡ/ lags n
lag
A stave of a cask, drum, etc.; especially (engineering) one of the narrow boards or staves forming the covering of a cylindrical object, such as a boiler, or the cylinder of a carding machine or steam engine.

lagomorph lagomorphs n
zajęczak
A member of the mammalian taxonomic order, Lagomorpha, which includes hares, rabbits, and pikas.

lagoon /ləˈɡuːn/ lagoons n
laguna
A shallow body of water separated from deeper sea by a bar.

lahar /ˈlɑhɑɹ/ lahars n
lahar
(geology) A volcanic mudflow.

laid-back more laid-back most laid-back adj
wyluzowany
relaxed and easy-going; demonstrating an absence of stress or worry

laity /ˈleɪ.ə.ti/ /ˈleɪ.ɪ.ti/ laities n
laikat
People of a church who are not ordained clergy or clerics.

lake /leɪk/ lakes n
lakier
In the composition of colors for use in products intended for human consumption, made by extending on a substratum of alumina, a salt prepared from one of the certified water-soluble straight colors.
jezioro
(now, _, chiefly, _, dialectal) A small stream of running water; a channel for water; a drain.

lakh /læk/ /lɑk/ /lɑːk/ /lɑːkʰ/ lakh lakhs numeral
lakh
One hundred thousand (100,000; or, with Indian digit grouping, 1,00,000).

lama /ˈlɑː.mə/ lamas n
lama
A master of Tibetan Buddhism.

lamassu /ləˈmasuː/ lamassu lamassus n
lamassu
An Assyrian protective deity, often depicted as having the head of a human, the body of an ox or lion, and the wings of a bird.

lamb /læm/ [lɛəm] lamber lambren lambs n
jagnię baranek
A young sheep.
jagnięcina jagnię
(uncountable) The flesh of a lamb or sheep used as food.

lambda /ˈlæm.də/ lambdas n
lambda
The eleventh letter of the Classical and Modern Greek alphabet, the twelfth of the Old Greek alphabet.

lambda calculus lambda calculi n
rachunek lambda
(computing theory) Any of a family of functionally complete algebraic systems in which lambda expressions are evaluated according to a fixed set of rules to produce values, which may themselves be lambda expressions.

lambda function lambda functions n
funkcja anonimowa
(programming) An anonymous function; a function that is defined in an inline, ad-hoc manner, and often doesn't have a name (not bound to an identifier).

lambdacism /ˈlæmbdəˌsɪzəm/ lambdacisms n
lambdacyzm
(phonology) A pronunciation shift whereby /l/ or other closely related phonemes are substituted for other sounds (typically /r/), as Sally for Sarah or Molly for Mary.

lambent /ˈlæmbənt/ more lambent most lambent adj
migotliwy
Brushing or flickering gently over a surface.

lambkin /ˈlæmkɪn/ lambkins n
jagniątko baranek
A young lamb, a very young sheep.

lamblike adj
barankowaty łagodny jak baranek
Like a lamb; gentle; inoffensive.

lambskin lambskins n
baranek
The skin of a very young sheep, especially prepared with the fleece still attached. A very fine form of leather.

lame /leɪm/ lamer lamest adj
kulawy chromy kulejący
Unable to walk properly because of a problem with one's feet or legs.
kuśtykający
(by extension) Hobbling; limping; inefficient; imperfect.
kiepski słaby
(colloquial) Unconvincing or unbelievable.
kiepski
(colloquial) Synonym of uncool, uninteresting, or unfunny.

lame /leɪm/ v
okulawić
(transitive) To cause (a person or animal) to become lame.

lame duck lame ducks n
niedorajda nieudacznica nieudacznik ofiara ofiara losu
(colloquial) A person or thing that is helpless, inefficient, or disabled.
kulawa kaczka
(US, politics) An elected official who has lost the recent election or is not eligible for reelection and is marking time until leaving office.

lamellate adj
blaszkowaty
Composed of, or furnished with, thin plates or scales.

lament /ləˈmɛnt/ laments n
lament
An expression of grief, suffering, sadness or regret.
lament tren
A song expressing grief.

lament /ləˈmɛnt/ v
lamentować
(intransitive) To express grief; to weep or wail; to mourn.

lamentation /ˌlæm.ənˈteɪ.ʃən/ /ˌlæm.ɪnˈteɪ.ʃən/ lamentations n
lament lamentacja
The act of lamenting.
lament lamentacja lamentowanie
A sorrowful cry; a lament.
Specifically, mourning.
stado
A group of swans.

lametta /ləˈmɛtə/ n
lameta łańcuch choinkowy
Thin wire or foil made of brass, gold or silver; now especially thin strips of metallic foil used as Christmas decoration.

lamia /ˈleɪ.mi.ə/ /ˈleɪmɪə/ lamiae lamias n
lamia
(Greek mythology) A monster preying upon human beings, who sucked the blood of children, often described as having the head and breasts of a woman and the lower half of a serpent.

lammergeier /ˈlaməɡaɪə/ /ˈlamɚɡaɪɚ/ lammergeiers n
orłosęp
A long-winged vulture, Gypaetus barbatus, found in southern Europe, Africa and India.

lamp /læmp/ [leəmp] [lɛəmp] [lɛːmp] lamps n
lampa
A device that generates heat, light or other radiation. Especially an electric light bulb.
A device containing oil, burnt through a wick for illumination; an oil lamp.

lampblack lampblacks n
barwnik sadzowy
An amorphous form of carbon made from incompletely burned organic matter; used to make pigments and inks.

lampion lampions n
kaganek lampa
A small oil lamp.

lamplighter /ˈlæmpˌlaɪ.tə(ɹ)/ lamplighters n
latarnik
(historical) A person employed to light streetlights at dusk and snuff them at dawn.

lampoon /læmˈpuːn/ lampoons n
paszkwil
A written attack or other work ridiculing a person, group, or institution; especially, a satirical one.

lamppost lampposts n
słup latarni
The pole that holds up a light so it can illuminate a wide area, such as holds up a streetlight.

lamprey /ˈlæm.pɹeɪ/ /ˈlæm.pɹi/ lampreys n
minóg
Any long slender primitive eel-like freshwater and saltwater fish of the order Petromyzontiformes, having a sucking mouth with rasping teeth but no jaw.

lampshade /ˈlæmp.ʃeɪd/ lampshades n
abażur klosz
A cover over a lamp to either diffuse the light or to block it in certain directions to avoid glare in the eyes.

lamé lamés n
lama
(uncountable) A fabric made from gold or silver threads and silk, wool or cotton.

lance /læns/ /lɑːns/ lances n
kopia lanca
A weapon of war, consisting of a long shaft or handle and a steel blade or head; a spear carried by horsemen.
kopia
A wooden spear, sometimes hollow, used in jousting or tilting, designed to shatter on impact with the opposing knight’s armour.
harpun
(fishing) A spear or harpoon used by whalers and fishermen.
lansjer ułan
(military) A soldier armed with a lance; a lancer.

lancehead lanceheads n
żararaka
Any of many South American venomous pitvipers of the genus Bothrops.

lanceolate more lanceolate most lanceolate adj
lancetowaty
(botany, mycology) Having the general shape of a lance; much longer than wide, with the widest part lower than the middle and a pointed apex.

lanceolated warbler lanceolated warblers n
świerszczak nakrapiany
Locustella lanceolata, an Old World warbler.

lanceolately more lanceolately most lanceolately adv
lancetowato

lancer lancers n
lansjer ułan
(military) A cavalry soldier armed with a lance weapon.

lancet /læn.sɪt/ /lɑːn.sɪt/ lancets n
lancet skalpel
A sharp, pointed, two-edged surgical instrument used in venesection and for opening abscesses etc.

land /lænd/ [ɫeə̯nd] lands n
ziemia ląd
The part of Earth which is not covered by oceans or other bodies of water.
ziemia kraj kraina
A country or region.

land /lænd/ [ɫeə̯nd] v
lądować wylądować
(intransitive) To descend to a surface, especially from the air.
dobić do brzegu
(intransitive) To arrive on land, especially a shore or dock, from a body of water.

land ahoy interjection
ziemia na horyzoncie
(nautical) Shouted by the ship's watch to inform the crew that land has been spotted.

land breeze land breezes n
bryza
A breeze blowing off the land and out to sea, common at night.

land bridge land bridges n
pomost lądowy
(biogeography) An isthmus or other land connection between what at other times are separate land masses.

land mine /ˈlænd.maɪn/ land mines n
mina mina lądowa
(military) A mine that is placed on land and designed to explode when stepped upon or touched.

land of Nod /ˈlænd əv ˈnɑd/ /ˈlænd əv ˈnɒd/ pn
objęcia Morfeusza

land of milk and honey n
kraina mlekiem i miodem płynąca kraj mlekiem i miodem płynący ziemia mlekiem i miodem płynąca
An imaginary or real land of abundance, particularly the Land of Israel.

land on one's feet v
spadać na cztery łapy spaść na cztery łapy

land surveyor land surveyors n
geodeta geodetka miernicza mierniczy
a professional who measures land, delineates property boundaries, etc.

lander [ˈlændə] [ˈlændɚ] landers n
lądownik
A spacecraft, particularly a probe, designed to set down on the surface of another celestial body.

landfill /ˈlænd.fɪl/ landfills n
wysypisko
(countable) A site at which refuse is buried under layers of earth.

landing /ˈlændɪŋ/ landings n
lądowanie
An arrival at a surface, as of an airplane or any descending object.
podest
A level area at the top of a flight of stairs, or connecting one flight with another.

landing craft landing craft landing crafts n
okręt desantowy
(nautical, military) A type of flat-bottomed boat used to transport infantry and vehicles onto a shore during an assault from the sea.

landing gear landing gears n
podwozie
(uncountable, countable, aviation) The wheels, tyres, brakes, shock absorbers etc of an aircraft; its undercarriage.

landing net landing nets n
kasarek podbierak
(fishing) A fishnet mounted on a ring which is connected to a handle, used by anglers to secure a catch when pulling it out of the water by the line to which it is hooked.

landless adj
bezrolny
Not owning land.

landlessness n
bezrolność

landline landlines n
telefon stacjonarny
(by extension) A telephone connected by such a fixed wire, specifically not wireless/mobile.

landlocked /ˈlændlɑkt/ /ˈlændlɒkt/ adj
śródlądowy
(of a country, geographical region, etc.) Surrounded by land (having no borders with the sea).

landlord /ˈlænd.lɔɹd/ /ˈlænd.lɔːd/ landlords n
właściciel wynajmujący
A person that leases real property; a lessor.
(chiefly, British) The owner or manager of a public house.
(surfing, slang, with "the") A shark, imagined as the owner of the surf to be avoided.

landlubber /ˈlænd.lʌ.bə/ /ˈlænd.lʌ.bɚ/ landlubbers n
szczur lądowy
(nautical, pejorative) Someone unfamiliar with the sea or seamanship, especially a novice seaman.

landowner /ˈlændˌoʊ.nɚ/ /ˈlændˌəʊ.nə/ landowners n
właściciel ziemski właścicielka ziemska
A person who owns land.

landscape /ˈlan(d)skeɪp/ /ˈlæn(d)skɪp/ landscapes n
pejzaż krajobraz
A portion of land or territory which the eye can comprehend in a single view, including all the objects it contains.
pejzaż
(figuratively) a situation that is presented, a scenario

landscaper /ˈlænd.skeɪp.ə/ /ˈlænd.skeɪp.ɚ/ landscapers n
pejażysta pejzażystka
One that does landscaping.

landslide /ˈlænd.slaɪd/ landslides n
osuwisko
A natural disaster that involves the breakup and downhill flow of rock, mud, water and anything caught in the path.

lane /leɪn/ lanes n
uliczka aleja alejka
A narrow passageway between fences, walls, hedges or trees.
dróżka pas (ruchu)
A lengthwise division of roadway intended for a single line of vehicles.
dróżka
A similar division of a racetrack to keep runners apart.

langos /ˈlaːŋɡoʃ/ n
langosz
A traditional Hungarian fried dough, usually seasoned with garlic, sour cream or cheese and sold as a fast food.

language /ˈlæŋɡwɪd͡ʒ/ [ˈleɪŋɡwɪd͡ʒ] languages n
język mowa
(countable) A body of words, and set of methods of combining them (called a grammar), understood by a community and used as a form of communication.
(countable, uncountable, figurative) The expression of thought (the communication of meaning) in a specified way; that which communicates something, as language does.
(computing, countable) A computer language; a machine language.
mowa język
(uncountable) The ability to communicate using words.
język słownictwo
(uncountable) A sublanguage: the slang of a particular community or jargon of a particular specialist field.
(uncountable) The particular words used in a speech or a passage of text.

language area language areas n
obszar językowy

language barrier language barriers n
bariera językowa
A conceptual barrier to effective communication, occurring when people who speak different languages attempt to communicate with each other.

language border language borders n
granica językowa

language code language codes n
kod językowy
short alphabetic or numeric identifier assigned to a language.

language contact language contacts n
kontakt językowy
(linguistics) The phenomenon in which speakers of two or more languages or varieties interact and influence each other.

language exchange language exchanges n
wymiana językowa
A method of language learning based on mutual practice by learning partners who speak different languages.

language family language families n
rodzina językowa rodzina językowa
(linguistics) A set of languages which have evolved from a common ancestor.

language game language games n
zasady rozmowy
(philosophy) A set of rules governing how participants respond to utterings.

language proficiency language proficiencies n
sprawność/biegłość językowa znajomość języka
(This entry is a translation hub.)

language school language schools n
szkoła językowa
A school where foreign languages are taught

languid /ˈlæŋɡwəd/ /ˈlæŋɡwɪd/ more languid most languid adj
ospały ociężały słaby
Of a person or their actions, character, etc.: lacking drive, emotion, or enthusiasm; apathetic, listless, spiritless, unenthusiastic.

languish /ˈlæŋ.ɡwɪʃ/ v
marnieć
(intransitive) To lose strength and become weak; to be in a state of weakness or sickness. [from 14th c.]
tęsknić
(intransitive) To pine away in longing for something; to have low spirits, especially from lovesickness. [from 14th c.]
dogorywać pokutować
(intransitive) To live in miserable or disheartening conditions. [from 15th c.]
wlec się
(intransitive) To be neglected; to make little progress, be unsuccessful. [from 17th c.]

lansquenet /ˈlanskəˌnɛt/ /ˈlɑːnskəˌnɛt/ /ˌlænskəˈnɛt/ lansquenets n
lancknecht landsknecht
(countable, historical) Any of a class of German mercenaries of the 15th and 16th centuries, most of whom were pikemen and foot soldiers.
lancknecht
(uncountable) A gambling card game in which the dealer is given an initial card and the players another; cards are then turned up until the value (rank) of one of those cards is met.

lantern /ˈlæntən/ /ˈlɛən(t)ɚn/ lanterns n
latarnia
A case of translucent or transparent material made to protect a flame, or light, used to illuminate its surroundings.

lanthanum /ˈlænθənəm/ lanthanums n
lantan
(uncountable) A chemical element (symbol La) with an atomic number of 57: a soft, ductile, silvery-white metal that tarnishes slowly when exposed to air.

lanugo /ləˈnjuːɡəʊ/ lanugos n
lanugo
Soft down or fine hair, specifically that covering the human foetus or a tumorous area.

lanyard /ˈlæn.jəd/ /ˈlæn.jɚd/ /ˈlænˌjɑɹd/ /ˈlænˌjɑːd/ /ˈɫænjəd/ lanyards n
smycz
(by extension) A cord worn around the neck, shoulder, or wrist which is attached to a small object to be carried such as an identity card or security pass, key, knife, or whistle.

lap /læp/ laps n
podołek
The part of the clothing that lies on the knees or thighs when one sits down; that part of the person thus covered.
okrążenie
(sports) One circuit around a race track.

lap /læp/ v
chłeptać chlipać
(ambitransitive) To take (liquid) into the mouth with the tongue; to lick up with a quick motion of the tongue.

lap dog /ˈlæpdɒɡ/ lap dogs n
kanapowiec pies pokojowy
(cynology) A small toy dog, kept as household pet, whose light weight and companionable temperament make it both suited and disposed to spend time resting in the comfort of its master's lap; a dog bred to behave in this manner.

laparoscopy /lapəˈɹɒskəpi/ laparoscopies n
laparoskopia
(medicine) Examination of the loins or abdomen, now specifically examination or surgery on the peritoneal cavity using a laparoscope.

laparotomy laparotomies n
laparotomia
(surgery) The surgical procedure for making an incision in the abdominal wall to gain access into the abdominal cavity. Performed either as exploratory surgery, or as the first step in an abdominal operation.

lapel /ləˈpɛl/ lapels n
klapa
Each of the two triangular pieces of cloth on the front of a jacket or coat that are folded back below the throat, leaving a triangular opening between.

lapidary /ˈlæpəˌdɛɹi/ /ˈlæpɪdəɹi/ /ˈlæpɪdɹi/ adj
lapidarny zwięzły
Of a piece of writing or a writing style: characteristic of or suitable for an inscription; embodying the precision and refinement of inscriptions on monuments; concise and stately.

lapidary /ˈlæpəˌdɛɹi/ /ˈlæpɪdəɹi/ /ˈlæpɪdɹi/ lapidaries n
lapidarium
(except, historical) A treatise on (precious) stones.

lapidate /ˈlæpɪˌdeɪt/ v
kamienować ukamienować
(transitive, legal) To throw stones or other objects at, as punishment, sometimes until death.

lapidation /ˌlæpɪˈdeɪʃən/ lapidations n
ukamienowanie
(legal) The practice or act of stoning, sometimes to the point of death, as punishment

lapis lazuli /ləˈzu.li/ /ˈlaz.jʊ.li/ /ˈlæz.(j)ə.laɪ/ /ˈlæʒ.ə.laɪ/ /ˈlæʒ.ə.li/ /ˌlap.ɪs ˈlaz.jʊ.laɪ/ /ˌlæp.ɪs ˈlæz.(j)ə.li/ lapides lazuli lapis lazulis n
lapis lazuli lapis-lazuli lazuryt
(color) A deep, bright blue, like that of the stone.

lapse /læps/ lapses n
błąd pomyłka potknięcie
A temporary failure; a slip.

lapsus linguae /ˌlæpsəs ˈlɪŋɡwiː/ lapsus linguae n
lapsus
(formal) An inadvertent remark; slip of the tongue.

lapti n
postoły łapcie
A pair of the old traditional East Slavic (especially Russian) bast shoes, an obsolete traditional footwear of forest areas of Northern Europe, formerly worn by poorer members of the Finnic peoples, Balts, and East Slavs.

laptop /ˈlæp.tɑp/ /ˈlæp.tɒp/ laptops n
laptop
(computing) A laptop computer.

lapwing /ˈlæpwɪŋ/ lapwings n
czajka
Any of several medium-sized wading birds belonging to the subfamily Vanellinae, within family Charadriidae.

lar gibbon lar gibbons n
gibon białoręki lar
A primate in the Hylobatidae family, Hylobates lar, with black or brown fur and white hands and feet.

larch /ˈlɑɹt͡ʃ/ /ˈlɑːtʃ/ larches n
modrzew
(countable) A coniferous tree, of genus Larix, having deciduous leaves, in fascicles.
(uncountable) The wood of the larch.

lard /lɑɹd/ /lɑːd/ lards n
smalec
Fat from the abdomen of a pig, especially as prepared for use in cooking or pharmacy.

larder /ˈlɑɹ.dɚ/ /ˈlɑː.də/ larders n
spiżarnia
A cool room in a domestic house where food is stored, but larger than a pantry.

large /lɑɹd͡ʒ/ /lɑːd͡ʒ/ larger largest adj
duży
Of considerable or relatively great size or extent.

large intestine large intestines n
jelito grube
(anatomy) The second to last part of the digestive system, comprising the cecum, colon and rectum.

large white large whites n
bielinek kapustnik kapustnik
The big, white and black butterfly Pieris brassicae, of the family Pieridae.

large-scale more large-scale most large-scale adj
wielkoskalowy
Large in amount, scope or extent.

large-sized larger-sized largest-sized adj
duży wielki wielkogabarytowy wielkowymiarowy

large-tailed antshrike large-tailed antshrikes n
sadzak perlisty
a passerine bird of the antbird family, Mackenziaena leachii, syn. Thamnophilus leachii

largehearted more largehearted most largehearted adj
ofiarny wielkoduszny
Possessing the properties associated with the heart as the seat of love; compassionate, generous, benevolent, forgiving, etc.

largesse /lɑɹˈ(d)ʒɛs/ /lɑːˈ(d)ʒɛs/ largesses n
hojność szczodrość
The trait of being willing to donate money, resources, or time; generosity, liberality.

lark /lɑɹk/ /lɑːk/ larks n
skowronek
Any of various small, singing passerine birds of the family Alaudidae.
heca
A romp, frolic, some fun.
ranny ptaszek skowronek
(by extension) One who wakes early; one who is up with the larks.

larkspur larkspurs n
ostróżka
A delphinium: any plant of the genus Delphinium, especially Delphinium ajacis and other plants of the subgenus Delphinium subg. Consolida

larva /ˈlɑɹ.və/ /ˈlɑː.və/ larvae larvas larvæ n
larwa
An animal in the aforementioned stage.
(figurative) A preliminary stage of someone or something, before it has fully matured, especially a time of growth rather than one of performance.

larvacean larvaceans n
ogonica
Any of various solitary, free-swimming tunicates of the class Larvacea.

larval /ˈlɑɹvəl/ adj
larwalny
Having the form or shape of a larva.
Of or relating to larvae:

laryngeal /ləˈɹɪn.d͡ʒi.əl/ /ləˈɹɪn.d͡ʒəl/ /ləˈɹɪn.ʒi.əl/ /ˌlæɹ.ənˈd͡ʒi.əl/ /ˌlɛɹ.ənˈd͡ʒi.əl/ adj
krtaniowy laryngalny
(anatomy, relational) Of or pertaining to the larynx.

laryngeal /ləˈɹɪn.d͡ʒi.əl/ /ləˈɹɪn.d͡ʒəl/ /ləˈɹɪn.ʒi.əl/ /ˌlæɹ.ənˈd͡ʒi.əl/ /ˌlɛɹ.ənˈd͡ʒi.əl/ laryngeals n
laryngał
(Indo-European, _, linguistics) In Proto-Indo-European, one of the typically three reconstructed consonants usually marked as ⟨h₁⟩, ⟨h₂⟩ and ⟨h₃⟩.

laryngologist laryngologists n
laryngolog
A person who studies or specializes in laryngology; a subspeciality of otorhinolaryngology.

laryngology n
laryngologia
The branch of physiology dealing with the larynx and its disorders.

laryngoscope laryngoscopes n
laryngoskop
An endoscope used for viewing the interior of the larynx.

larynx /ˈlæ.ɹɪŋks/ /ˈlæɹ.ɪŋks/ /ˈlɛɹ.ɪŋks/ larynges larynxes n
krtań
(anatomy, zootomy) A hollow muscular organ of the neck of mammals situated just below where the tract of the pharynx splits into the trachea and the oesophagus. It is involved in breath control and protection of the trachea, and, because it houses the vocal cords, sound production.

lasagna /lɘˈsɐː.njɘ/ /lɘˈzɐː.njɘ/ /ləˈsɑː.njə/ /ləˈzæn.jə/ /ləˈzɑ.njə/ /ləˈzɑː.njə/ lasagnas lasagne n
lasagne lazania lazanie
A flat sheet of pasta.
An Italian baked dish comprising layers of such pasta with various ingredients (usually a meat ragù (chiefly Bolognese), a fish ragù or a vegetarian/vegetable ragù with bechamel sauce).

lascivious /ləˈsɪviəs/ more lascivious most lascivious adj
frywolny lubieżny rozpustny
Wanton; lewd, driven by lust, lustful.

laser /ˈleɪz.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈleɪzɚ/ lasers n
laser
A beam of light produced by such a device; a laser beam.

laser printer laser printers n
drukarka laserowa laserówka
(computer hardware) A computer printer that uses a laser beam to produce an image on a rotating drum before transferring it to the paper.

laserwort laserworts n
okrzyn
An umbelliferous plant (Laserpitium latifolium) from which the resin laser was obtained.

lash /læʃ/ lashes n
smagnięcie
A stroke with a whip, or anything pliant and tough, often given as a punishment.

lash /læʃ/ v
biczować ubiczować
(transitive) To strike with a lash; to whip or scourge with a lash, or with something like one.

lashless adj
bezrzęsny
Without eyelashes.

lassi /ˈlæsi/ /ˈlɑsi/ /ˈlʌsi/ lassis n
lassi
A drink made with yogurt diluted with water and flavoured with salt or fruit juice.

lasso /læsˈuː/ /ləsˈuː/ /ˈlæs.oʊ/ /ˈlæs.u/ lassoes lassos n
arkan lasso
A long rope with a sliding loop on one end, generally used in ranching to catch cattle and horses.

last /last/ /læst/ /lɑːst/ /ɫast/ adj
ostatni
Final, ultimate, coming after all others of its kind.
Farthest of all from a given quality, character, or condition; most unlikely, or least preferable.
ubiegły zeszły
Most recent, latest, last so far.

last /last/ /læst/ /lɑːst/ /ɫast/ lasts n
kopyto
A tool for shaping or preserving the shape of shoes.

last /last/ /læst/ /lɑːst/ /ɫast/ v
trwać
(intransitive) To endure, continue over time.

last but not least /ˈlæst bʌt nɑt ˈlist/ /ˈlɑːst bʌt nɒt ˈliːst/ adv
na koniec
An expression to start the last item of a list, emphasising that while it is listed last, it is just as important as the rest of the items.

last call last calls n
ostatnia szansa żeby zamówić
In a bar, the announcement that the establishment will soon be closing and that this is the final opportunity to buy drinks.

last gasp last gasps n
ostatnie podrygi ostatnie tchnienie
The last gasp or breath a person takes before death.
ostatnie podrygi
(by extension) The point of death, or the last period of one's life.

last mile /ˌlæst ˈmaɪl/ /ˌlæst-/ /ˌlɑːst ˈmaɪl/ last miles n
łącze abonenckie
(telecommunications) The portion of the infrastructure that carries communication signals from the main system to the end user's business or home, often involving greater expense to install and maintain, and lower transmission speeds.

last minute more last minute most last minute adj
w ostatniej chwili
(idiomatic) Very close to a deadline.

last quarter last quarters n
trzecia kwadra
the waning lunar phase halfway between full moon and new moon.

last resort last resorts n
ostatnia deska ratunku
(idiomatic) The only remaining, often least desirable, option when all others have been excluded.

last stand /læst stænd/ /lɑːst stænd/ [lɑːst stænd] [ɫæst stɛə̯nd] last stands n
ostatni bastion

last straw n
miarka się przebrała ostatnia kropla
(idiomatic, almost always preceded by the) A small addition to a burden which causes it to exceed the capacity.

last time n
ostatni raz
The ultimate occurrence.
poprzedni raz
The previous occurrence.

last week adv
w zeszłym tygodniu
(This entry is a translation hub.)

last word last words n
ostatnie słowo
(idiomatic) A final decision or remark, or the right to make one.

last year adv
w zeszłym roku
(This entry is a translation hub.)

last-ditch adj
ostateczny
(idiomatic) Final, as a last resort; done in desperation.

lat /lɑt/ /lɑːt/ lats n
łat
A coin or bill of either currency.

latch /læt͡ʃ/ latches n
antaba zasuwa rygiel
A fastening for a door that has a bar that fits into a notch or slot, and is lifted by a lever or string from either side.
przerzutnik
(electronics) An electronic circuit that is like a flip-flop, except that it is level triggered instead of edge triggered.
kusza
(obsolete) A crossbow.

late /leɪt/ later latest adj
późny późno
Near the end of a period of time.
Specifically, near the end of the day.
późny spóźniony
(usually, not comparable) Associated with the end of a period.
spóźniony
Not arriving or occurring until after an expected time.
zmarły świętej pamięci
(not comparable, euphemistic) Deceased, dead: used particularly when speaking of the dead person's actions while alive. (Generally must be preceded by a possessive or an article, commonly "the"; see usage notes. Can itself only precede the person's name, never follow it.)

late /leɪt/ later latest adv
późno
After a deadline has passed, past a designated time.

late antique more late antique most late antique adj
późnoantyczny
(history) Of or pertaining to Late Antiquity (period of history).

late bloomer late bloomers n
osoba późno odnosząca sukces
(figurative) A person who achieves proficiency or success in a field significantly later in life.
późno kwitnąca roślina
(literally, horticulture) A flowering plant that blooms later in a growing season than other flowering plants.

lateen /læˈtiːn/ /ləˈtin/ /ləˈtiːn/ lateens n
żagiel łaciński
(nautical) A triangular fore-and-aft sail set on a boom in such way that the tack is attached to the hull of the vessel and the free end of the boom lifts the sail.

latency /ˈleɪ.tən.si/ latencies n
latencja
(electronics) A delay, an interval between the initiation of something and the occurrence.
(medicine) The delay between a stimulus and the response it triggers in an organism.

latent /ˈleɪ.tənt/ adj
ukryty uśpiony
Existing or present but concealed or inactive.

later /ˈleɪtə/ /ˈleɪtɚ/ [ˈleɪ̯ɾɚ] adj
późniejszy
Coming afterward in time (used with than when comparing with another time).
Coming afterward in distance (following an antecedent distance as embedded within an adverbial phrase)
At some time in the future.

later /ˈleɪtə/ /ˈleɪtɚ/ [ˈleɪ̯ɾɚ] adv
później
Afterward in time (used with than when comparing with another time).
At some unspecified time in the future.

later /ˈleɪtə/ /ˈleɪtɚ/ [ˈleɪ̯ɾɚ] interjection
nara
(slang) See you later; goodbye.

lateral /ˈlæt.ə.ɹəl/ /ˈlæt.ɹəl/ more lateral most lateral adj
boczny lateralny
(disease) Affecting the side or sides of the body, or confined to one side of the body.

lateral /ˈlæt.ə.ɹəl/ /ˈlæt.ɹəl/ laterals n
spółgłoska boczna boczny
(linguistics) A sound produced through lateral pronunciation (such as /l/ in lateral).

lateral thinking n
myślenie latneralne
Using reasoned thought in a non-standard, or non-linear logical, way to find a solution to a problem.

lateralization lateralizations n
lateralizacja

laterally adv
bocznie
Done in a lateral manner.

laterite /ˈlatəɹʌɪt/ laterites n
lateryt
A red hard or gravel-like soil or subsoil formed in the tropics that has been leached of soluble minerals leaving insoluble iron and aluminium oxides and hydroxides; used to make bricks and roads.

latest /ˈleɪ.tɪst/ adj
najnowszy
Most recent.

latex /ˈleɪtɛks/ /ˈleɪˌtɛks/ latexes latices n
lateks
The milky sap of several trees that coagulates on exposure to air; used to make rubber.
An emulsion of rubber in water, used in adhesives and the like.

lath /læθ/ /lɑːθ/ laths n
łata listwa deszczułka
A thin, narrow strip, fastened to the rafters, studs, or floor beams of a building, for the purpose of supporting a covering of tiles, plastering, etc.

lathe /leɪð/ lathes n
tokarka
(tools, metalworking, woodworking) A machine tool used to shape a piece of material, or workpiece, by rotating the workpiece against a cutting tool.

lathe /leɪð/ v
toczyć wytoczyć
To shape with a lathe.

lather /ˈlæð.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈlæð.ɚ/ /ˈlɑː.ðə(ɹ)/ lathers n
piana mydlana
(countable, uncountable) The foam made by rapidly stirring soap and water.

lather /ˈlæð.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈlæð.ɚ/ /ˈlɑː.ðə(ɹ)/ v
mydlić namydlać namydlić
(transitive) To cover with lather.

latitude /ˈlæt.ə.tjud/ /ˈlæt.ɪ.tjuːd/ /ˈlæt.ɪ.tud/ latitudes n
szerokość geograficzna szerokość
(geography, astronomy, countable) The angular distance north or south from a planet's equator, measured along the meridian of that particular point.
równoleżnik szerokość geograficzna
(geography) An imaginary line (in fact a circumference) around a planet running parallel to the planet's equator.
swoboda
(figurative) The relative freedom from restrictions; scope to do something.
szerokość szerokość ekliptyczna
(astronomy) The angular distance of a heavenly body from the ecliptic.

latrine /ləˈtɹiːn/ latrines n
latryna
(India, otherwise, _, military) Any facility or device used for urination or defecation, whether toilet, lavatory, or outhouse.

latte /laˈteɪ/ /ˈlæ.teɪ/ /ˈlɑ.teɪ/ lattes n
latte
A drink of coffee made from espresso and steamed milk, generally topped with foam.
A similar drink, where the espresso is replaced with some other flavoring ingredient such as chai, maté or matcha (green tea).

latte macchiato n
latte macchiato

latter /ˈlæt.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈlæt.əɹ/ [ˈlæɾ.ɚ] adj
drugi
Relating to or being the second of two items.
końcowy ostatni późniejszy
Near (or nearer) to the end.
ostatni
In the past, but close (or closer) to the present time.

lattice /ˈlæt.ɪs/ lattices n
krata
(algebra, order theory) A partially ordered set in which every pair of elements has a unique supremum and a unique infimum.

laudable /ˈlɔːdəbl/ more laudable most laudable adj
godny pochwały
Worthy of being lauded; praiseworthy; commendable

laugh /laːf/ /læf/ /lɑːf/ laughs n
śmiech
An expression of mirth particular to the human species; the sound heard in laughing; laughter.

laugh /laːf/ /læf/ /lɑːf/ v
śmiać się rechotać
(intransitive) To show mirth, satisfaction, or derision, by peculiar movement of the muscles of the face, particularly of the mouth, causing a lighting up of the face and eyes, and usually accompanied by the emission of explosive or chuckling sounds from the chest and throat; to indulge in laughter.
obśmiewać wyśmiewać śmiać się
(intransitive, followed by "at") To make an object of laughter or ridicule; to make fun of; to deride; to mock.

laugh in one's sleeve v
śmiać się w kułak
(US, Canada, idiomatic) to laugh in secret or to oneself, usually gloatingly

laugh off v
obracać w żart obrócić w żart
(transitive) To respond to (a negative situation) lightheartedly, as though it were a joke.

laugh one's head off v
sikać ze śmiechu umierać ze śmiechu
(idiomatic, informal) To laugh uproariously.

laughable /ˈlaːfəbl̩/ /ˈlæfəbl̩/ /ˈlɑːfəbl̩/ more laughable most laughable adj
śmieszny
(now, rare) Fitted to excite laughter; humorous.

laughing gas n
gaz rozweselający
Nitrous oxide, especially when used as an anaesthetic.

laughing kookaburra laughing kookaburras n
kukabura kukabura chichotliwa
A kookaburra of species Dacelo novaeguineae, native to eastern Australia and famed for its loud laugh-like call.

laughing stock laughing stocks n
pośmiewisko
(idiomatic) An object of ridicule, someone who is publicly ridiculed; the butt of a joke.

laughter /ˈlæftɚ/ /ˈlɑːftə/ laughters n
śmiech
A movement (usually involuntary) of the muscles of the laughing face, particularly of the lips, and of the whole body, with a peculiar expression of the eyes, indicating merriment, satisfaction or derision, and usually attended by a sonorous and interrupted expulsion of air from the lungs.

laughterless adj
bez śmiechu nie śmiejący się

launch /lɑnt͡ʃ/ /lɑːnt͡ʃ/ /lɒnt͡ʃ/ /lɔnt͡ʃ/ /lɔːnt͡ʃ/ launches n
wodowanie
The movement of a vessel from land into the water; especially, the sliding on ways from the stocks on which it is built. (Compare: to splash a ship.)
barkas
(nautical) The boat of the largest size and/or of most importance belonging to a ship of war, and often called the "captain's boat" or "captain's launch".
uruchomienie wystrzelenie
The act or fact of launching (a ship/vessel, a project, a new book, etc.).

launch /lɑnt͡ʃ/ /lɑːnt͡ʃ/ /lɒnt͡ʃ/ /lɔnt͡ʃ/ /lɔːnt͡ʃ/ v
wyrzucać wyrzucić wystrzeliwać wystrzelić
(transitive) To throw (a projectile such as a lance, dart or ball); to hurl; to propel with force.
wodować zwodować
(transitive) To cause (a vessel) to move or slide from the land or a larger vessel into the water; to set afloat.
odpalać odpalić rozpoczynać rozpocząć uruchamiać uruchomić
(transitive) To send out; to start (someone) on a mission or project; to give a start to (something); to put in operation

launch pad /ˈlɑntʃ.pæd/ /ˈlɔntʃ.pæd/ /ˈlɔːntʃ.pæd/ launch pads n
wyrzutnia rakietowa
The surface or structure from which a launch is made.

launch window launch windows n
okno startowe

launcher /ˈlɑnt͡ʃ.ɚ/ /ˈlɔnt͡ʃ.ɚ/ /ˈlɔːntʃ.ə/ launchers n
wyrzutnia
One who or that which launches. A device that throws something or the person who initiates a launch.

launder /ˈlɑndɚ/ /ˈlɑːndə(ɹ)/ /ˈlɔndɚ/ /ˈlɔːndə/ v
prać uprać
To wash; to wash, and to smooth with a flatiron or mangle; to wash and iron.

launderette /lɔndəˈɹɛt/ /lɔːnˈdɹɛt/ launderettes n
pralnia samoobsługowa
A place that has facilities for washing and drying clothes that the public may pay to use.

laundry /ˈlɑn.dɹi/ /ˈlɑːn.dɹi/ /ˈlɔːn.dɹi/ laundries n
pranie pralnia
A place or room where laundering is done - including, by extension, other forms of laundering than clothes washing.
bielizna rzeczy do prania
That which needs to be, is being, or has been laundered. [from c. 1930]

laundry basket laundry baskets n
kosz
A container, often made of plastic, for holding and transporting clothing and household textiles, especially before and after being laundered.

laura /ˈlɔɹə/ /ˈlɔːɹə/ laurae lauras n
ławra
(historical, Eastern Orthodox Church) A cluster of cells or caves for hermits, with a church and sometimes a refectory at the centre.

laureate /ˈlɑɹ.i.eɪt/ /ˈlɑɹ.i.ət/ /ˈlɒɹ.i.eɪt/ /ˈlɒɹ.i.ət/ /ˈlɔɹ.i.eɪt/ /ˈlɔɹ.i.ət/ /ˈlɔːɹ.i.eɪt/ /ˈlɔːɹ.i.ət/ laureates n
laureat laureatka
(dated) One crowned with laurel, such as a poet laureate or Nobel laureate.

laurel /ˈlɒɹ.əl/ /ˈlɔɹ.əl/ /ˈlɔːɹ.əl/ laurels n
wawrzyn laur
Laurus nobilis, an evergreen shrub having aromatic leaves of a lanceolate shape, with clusters of small, yellowish white flowers in their axils.
laur wawrzyn
A crown of laurel.
(figuratively, chiefly, in the plural) Honor, distinction, fame.

laurel wreath laurel wreaths n
wieniec laurowy
A wreath, traditionally made of laurel, worn on the head as a symbol of victory.

lava /ˈlævə/ /ˈlɑːvə/ lavas n
lawa
The molten rock ejected by a volcano from its crater or fissured sides.

lava flow lava flows n
przepływ lawy strumień lawy
(geology) a flow of molten lava from an erupting volcano, and the solidified mass left after the lava has cooled down.

lava lake lava lakes n
jezioro lawowe jezioro lawy
(volcanology) A reservoir of molten lava contained in a volcanic vent, crater, or broad depression.

lavalier /ˌlæv.əˈlɪɹ/ /ˌlɑv-/ lavaliers n
mikroport
An item of jewellery consisting of a pendant, sometimes with one stone, suspended from a necklace.

lavash /ləˈvaʃ/ /ləˈvɑːʃ/ lavashes n
lawasz
A soft, thin flatbread made with flour, water, yeast, and salt, baked in a tandoor. Toasted sesame seeds and/or poppy seeds are sometimes sprinkled on it before baking. Traditionally made in Armenia and other countries of the Caucasus and the Middle East.

lavender /ˈlæv.ən.də/ /ˈlæv.ən.dɚ/ lavenders n
lawenda
Any of a group of European plants, genus, Lavandula, of the mint family.
(color) A pale bluish purple colour, like that of the lavender flower.

lavender marriage lavender marriages n
lawendowe małżeństwo
A male-female marriage entered into in the hope of concealing the non-heterosexual sexual orientation of one or both of the spouses.

lavish /ˈlævɪʃ/ lavisher lavishest more lavish most lavish adj
hojny
Expending or bestowing profusely; profuse; prodigal.
nadmierny obfity
Superabundant; excessive.

lavish /ˈlævɪʃ/ v
obdarowywać
(transitive) To give out extremely generously; to squander.

lavishly /ˈlævɪʃli/ more lavishly most lavishly adv
bogato
In a lavish manner, expending profusely.

law /lɑ/ /lɔ/ /lɔː/ /ɫoː/ laws n
prawo
(usually with "the") The body of binding rules and regulations, customs, and standards established in a community by its legislative and judicial authorities.
A statement (in physics, etc) of an (observed, established) order or sequence or relationship of phenomena which is invariable under certain conditions. (Compare theory.)
prawo reguła zasada przepis
Any rule that must or should be obeyed, concerning behaviours and their consequences. (Compare mores.)
reguła prawo
(mathematics, logic) A statement (of relation) that is true under specified conditions; a mathematical or logical rule.
stróż prawa prawo
(cricket) One of the official rules of cricket as codified by the its (former) governing body, the MCC.

law of excluded middle n
zasada wyłączonego środka
(logic) A logical principle which states all statements must be either true or false, i.e. in symbols: P \vee \neg P .

law of large numbers pn
prawo wielkich liczb
(statistics) The statistical tendency toward a fixed ratio in the results when an experiment is repeated a large number of times; law of averages.

law of nations n
prawo międzynarodowe prawo narodów
Synonym of international law

law of the jungle n
prawo dżungli prawo pięści wilcze prawo
(idiomatic) The survival of the fittest, strongest, or most cunning

law of war laws of war n
prawo wojenne
Law concerning acceptable practices while engaged in war.

law-abiding adj
praworządny
Obeying the laws of society; not a lawbreaker; without a criminal record.

lawbreaker lawbreakers n
przestępca przestępczyni
One who breaks (violates) the law, a criminal.

lawful /ˈlɔːfʊl/ more lawful most lawful adj
legalny prawomierny prawomocny prawowierny
(legal) Conforming to, or recognised by the laws of society.

lawlessness lawlessnesses n
bezprawie swawola
A lack of law and order; anarchy.

lawmaking lawmakings n
legislacja prawodawstwo ustawodawstwo
The process of passing or enacting laws; legislation.

lawman /ˈlɔmæn/ /ˈlɔmən/ /ˈlɔːmæn/ /ˈlɔːmən/ lawmen n
stróż prawa
(informal) An officer of the law: a law-enforcement officer.

lawn /lɑn/ /lɔn/ /lɔːn/ lawns n
trawnik
Ground (generally in front of or around a house) covered with grass kept closely mown.

lawnmower /ˈlɑn.moʊ.ɚ/ /ˈlɔn.moʊ.ɚ/ /ˈlɔːn.məʊ.ə/ lawnmowers n
kosiarka
A device used for cutting grass to a chosen height, typically of landscaped lawns of residences or institutions.

lawrencium /ləˈɹɛnsiəm/ n
lorens
A transuranic chemical element (symbol Lr, formerly Lw) with atomic number 103.

lawsuit /ˈlɑˌs(j)ut/ /ˈlɔˌs(j)ut/ /ˈlɔːˌs(j)uːt/ lawsuits n
pozew
(legal) In civil law, a case where two or more people disagree and one or more of the parties take the case to a court for resolution.

lawyer /ˈlɔ.jɚ/ /ˈlɔɪ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈlɔɪ.ɚ/ /ˈlɔːjə(ɹ)/ lawyers n
adwokat prawnik prawniczka adwokatka radca radczyni
A professional person qualified (as by a law degree or bar exam) and authorized to practice law as an attorney-at-law, solicitor, advocate, barrister or equivalent, i.e. represent parties in lawsuits or trials and give legal advice.

lawyer /ˈlɔ.jɚ/ /ˈlɔɪ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈlɔɪ.ɚ/ /ˈlɔːjə(ɹ)/ v
adwokatować
(informal, intransitive) To practice law.

lawyer's wig lawyer's wigs n
czernidłak kołpakowaty
A certain edible mushroom (Coprinus comatus).

lawyership lawyerships n
adwokactwo adwokatura

laxative /ˈlæk.sə.tɪv/ more laxative most laxative adj
środek przeczyszczający
Having the effect of moving the bowels, or aiding digestion and preventing constipation.

lay /leɪ/ v
kłaść położyć
To place down in a position of rest, or in a horizontal position.
składać złożyć
To produce and deposit an egg.

lay an egg v
składać jajo złożyć jajo
(of a bird or other egg-creating animal) To produce an egg.

lay bare v
obnażać obnażyć
(figuratively) To expose to view, reveal, uncover.

lay down v
położyć się
(intransitive, nonstandard, proscribed) To lie down; to place oneself in a reclined or horizontal position, on a bed or similar, for the purpose of resting.

lay down one's arms v
składać broń złożyć broń

lay out v
wykładać wyłożyć
(transitive) To arrange in a certain way, so as to spread or space apart; to display (e.g. merchandise or a collection).
(transitive, colloquial) To render (someone) unconscious; to knock out; to cause to fall to the floor.

lay something at the feet of v
przydzielać odpowiedzialność przydzielić odpowiedzialność
(transitive, idiomatic) To assign responsibility for (something) to (someone).

lay the groundwork v
kłaść podwaliny
(idiomatic, figurative) To create a foundation; to provide the basics or fundamentals.

layer /lɛə/ /lɛɚ/ /ˈleɪ.ə/ /ˈleɪ.ɚ/ layers n
warstwa
A single thickness of some material covering a surface.
A (usually) horizontal deposit; a stratum.
nioska
A hen kept to lay eggs.

layer /lɛə/ /lɛɚ/ /ˈleɪ.ə/ /ˈleɪ.ɚ/ v
cieniować
(ambitransitive) To cut or divide into layers.
układać warstwami
(ambitransitive) To arrange in layers.

layer cake layer cakes n
przekładaniec
A cake consisting of multiple stacked sheets of cake, held together by frosting or jam, etc.

laying on of hands layings on of hands n
nakładanie rąk wkładanie rąk
(religion, chiefly, Christianity) The practice of using touch to communicate spiritual energy from one person to another, especially as an act of healing.

layman /ˈleɪmən/ laymen n
laik
Layperson, someone who is not an ordained cleric or member of the clergy.
(by extension) Someone who is not a professional in a given field.

layout /ˈleɪ.aʊt/ layouts n
layout rozkład rozmieszczenie rozplanowanie układ
A structured arrangement of items within certain limits.

lazaretto /ˌlæzəˈɹɛti/ /ˌlæzəˈɹɛtoʊ/ /ˌlæzəˈɹɛtəʊ/ [-ɾi] [-ɾoʊ] lazaretti lazarettoes lazarettos n
lazaret
(also, figuratively) A building such as a hospital, or occasionally a ship, used to temporarily isolate sick people to prevent the spread of infectious diseases; a quarantine. [from early 17th c.]
A place reserved for people with infectious diseases (especially leprosy or plague) to live on a long-term basis. [from mid 16th c.]

laze /leɪz/ v
gnuśnieć pleśnieć spleśnieć zgnuśnieć
To be lazy, waste time.

lazily more lazily most lazily adv
leniwie leniwo
In a lazy manner.

laziness lazinesses n
lenistwo
The quality of being lazy

lazy /ˈleɪzi/ lazier laziest adj
leniwy
Unwilling to do work or make an effort; disinclined to exertion.

lazybones lazybones n
leniuch leniwiec
(slang) A person who is lazy.

lcm lcms n
NWW
(mathematics) Initialism of least common multiple.

lea /leɪ/ /liː/ leas n
błonie
An open field, meadow, pasture.

lead /lid/ /liːd/ leads n
kierować prowadzić przewodzić dowodzić poprowadzić prowadzenie
(countable) The act of leading or conducting; guidance; direction, course
prowadzić przewodzić poprzedzać prowadzenie przodować
(countable) Precedence; advance position; also, the measure of precedence; the state of being ahead in a race; the highest score in an incomplete game.
prowadzić
(baseball) The situation where a runner steps away from a base while waiting for the pitch to be thrown.
A rope, leather strap, or similar device with which to lead an animal; a leash
prowadzić doprowadzać wieść wodzić poprowadzić przeprowadzać
(uncountable, card games, dominoes) The act or right of playing first in a game or round; the card suit, or piece, so played
prowadzić przewodzić doprowadzać wieść wodzić poprowadzić
In a steam engine, the width of port opening which is uncovered by the valve, for the admission or release of steam, at the instant when the piston is at end of its stroke.
kierować prowadzić doprowadzać pokazywać poprowadzić przeprowadzać
(horology) The action of a tooth, such as a tooth of a wheel, in impelling another tooth or a pallet.
(music) A mark or a short passage in one voice part, as of a canon, serving as a cue for the entrance of others.
kierować prowadzić przewodzić doprowadzać pokazywać poprowadzić
Information obtained by a detective or police officer that allows him or her to discover further details about a crime or incident.
cynk trop
Information obtained by a news reporter about an issue or subject that allows him or her to discover more details.

lead /lɛd/ leads n
ołów
(uncountable) A heavy, pliable, inelastic metal element, having a bright, bluish color, but easily tarnished; both malleable and ductile, though with little tenacity. It is easily fusible, forms alloys with other metals, and is an ingredient of solder and type metal. Atomic number 82, symbol Pb (from Latin plumbum).
(slang) bullets; ammunition.

lead /lid/ /liːd/ v
kierować prowadzić doprowadzać pokazywać poprowadzić przeprowadzać
To guide or conduct oneself in, through, or along (a certain course); hence, to proceed in the way of; to follow the path or course of; to pass; to spend. Also, to cause (one) to proceed or follow in (a certain course).
kierować prowadzić przewodzić dowodzić poprowadzić
To conduct or direct with authority; to have direction or charge of; to command, especially a military or business unit.
prowadzić się
To guide or conduct with the hand, or by means of some physical contact connection.
prowadzić doprowadzać wieść wodzić poprowadzić przeprowadzać
To guide or conduct in a certain course, or to a certain place or end, by making the way known; to show the way, especially by going with or going in advance of, to lead a pupil; to guide somebody somewhere or to bring somebody somewhere by means of instructions.
prowadzić
(intransitive) To have the highest interim score in a game.
(intransitive) To lead off or out, to go first; to begin.
(transitive) To draw or direct by influence, whether good or bad; to prevail on; to induce; to entice; to allure
(intransitive) To tend or reach in a certain direction, or to a certain place.
prowadzić przewodzić poprzedzać
(intransitive) To be ahead of others, e.g., in a race.
prowadzić przewodzić poprzedzać prowadzenie przodować
(transitive) To go or to be in advance of; to precede; hence, to be foremost or chief among.
wyjście
(transitive, cards, dominoes) To begin a game, round, or trick, with

lead /lɛd/ v
ołów
(transitive) To cover, fill, or affect with lead.
(transitive, printing, historical) To place leads between the lines of.

lead astray v
sprowadzać na manowce sprowadzić na manowce
(transitive) To influence (someone) to have bad habits or to behave improperly or illegally

lead by example v
świecić przykładem

lead by the nose v
wodzić za nos

lead on v
bajtlować zbajtlować
(transitive, idiomatic) to mislead, to try to make someone believe a lie.

lead time lead times n
czas realizacji
(idiomatic) The amount of time between the initiation of some process and its completion, e.g. the time required to manufacture or procure a product; the time required before something can be provided or delivered.

lead-free adj
bezołowiowy
(of petroleum) Containing no tetraethyl lead; unleaded.

leaden /ˈlɛdən/ more leaden most leaden adj
ołowiany
(dated) Made of lead.

leader /ˈlidɚ/ /ˈliː.də(ɹ)/ leaders n
przywódca wódz lider szef
One having authority to direct.
artykuł wstępny editorial edytorial
(UK, journalism) The first, or the principal, editorial article in a newspaper; a leading or main editorial article; a lead story.
rynna
A pipe for conducting rain water from a roof to a cistern or to the ground.

leaderboard leaderboards n
tabela wyników
A board showing the ranking of leaders in a competition.

leadership /ˈlidɚʃɪp/ /ˈliːdəʃɪp/ leaderships n
przywództwo
The capacity of someone to lead others.
The office or status of a leader.
kierownictwo
A group of leaders.

leading /ˈlɛdɪŋ/ n
leading
(typography) Vertical space added between lines; line spacing.

leading edge leading edges n
krawędź natarcia
(aeronautics) The frontmost edge of a wing or other airfoil of an aircraft; sometimes contains slots or slats

leading question leading questions n
pytanie sugestywne
A question that suggests the answer or that contains the information for which the examiner is looking.

leading tone leading tones n
dźwięk prowadzący

leadless /ˈlɛdləs/ adj
bezołowiowy

leaf /liːf/ leaves n
liść
Anything resembling the leaf of a plant.
A sheet of any substance beaten or rolled until very thin.
A flat section used to extend the size of a table.
(computing, mathematics) In a tree, a node that has no descendants.
liść kartka
(publishing, bookbinding, advertising) A sheet of a book, magazine, etc (consisting of two pages, one on each face of the leaf).

leaf node leaf nodes n
liść
(botany) One of the spots upon a stem where buds and intercalary meristems occur, usually marking the end of a season's growth.
(comptheory) A node, in a tree, that has no children.

leaf spring leaf springs n
resor
A spring in the form of a curved length(s) of steel, used in the suspension of wheeled vehicles

leaf through v
kartkować
(transitive) To turn the pages of (a book) idly, reading short sections at random.

leafless adj
bezlistny
Of plants or trees, without leaves.

leaflet /ˈliːflɪt/ leaflets n
ulotka
listek
(botany) One of the components of a compound leaf.
(botany) A small plant leaf.

leafworm leafworms n
gąsienica licha liszka
Any caterpillar that eats the leaves of plants.

leafy spurge leafy spurges n
wilczomlecz lancetowaty
Euphorbia esula, a spurge native to Eurasia.

league /liːɡ/ leagues n
liga przymierze
A group or association of cooperating members.
liga
(sports) An organization of sports teams which play against one another for a championship.

league /liːɡ/ v
sprzymierzać się sprzymierzyć się
(ambitransitive) To form an association; to unite in a league or confederacy; to combine for mutual support.

league cup league cups n
puchar ligi
(soccer) A single-elimination tournament for which entry is restricted only to teams in the top national league or leagues.

leak /liːk/ leaks n
przeciek
A crack, crevice, fissure, or hole which admits water or other fluid, or lets it escape.
The entrance or escape of a fluid through a crack, fissure, or other aperture.
A divulgation, or disclosure, of information previously held secret.

leak /liːk/ v
przeciekać
(ambitransitive) To allow fluid or gas to pass through an opening that should be sealed.
(ambitransitive) To disclose secret information surreptitiously or anonymously.

leakage /ˈliːkɪd͡ʒ/ leakages n
przeciek
An act of leaking, or something that leaks.

lean /liːn/ v
pochylać się nachylać się nachylić się pochylić się skłaniać się skłonić się
(copulative) To incline in opinion or desire; to conform in conduct; often with to, toward, etc.
opierać się oprzeć się
To press against.

lean on v
liczyć na
(figurative) To depend upon for support; to require assistance from.

leap /lip/ /liːp/ /lɛp/ leaps n
skok sus
The act of leaping or jumping.
skok
The distance traversed by a leap or jump.
skok krok
(figuratively) A significant move forward.

leap /lip/ /liːp/ /lɛp/ v
skakać skoczyć przeskakiwać przeskoczyć
(intransitive) To jump.
(transitive) To cause to leap.

leap in the dark leaps in the dark n
skok w nieznane

leap of faith leaps of faith n
skok wiary
(figuratively) The act of believing in something despite lack of proof of its truth or existence, or the attempt of something without being sure of its possible outcome.

leap year /ˈlip ˌjɪ(ə)ɹ/ /ˈliːp ˌjɪə/ leap years n
rok przestępny
A year in the Julian or Gregorian calendar with an intercalary day added to February (in the Gregorian calendar, February 29), used to adjust for the extra hours of the solar year; a 366-day year.

leapfrog /-fɹɔɡ/ /ˈliːpfɹɑɡ/ /ˈliːpfɹɒɡ/ leapfrogs n
zabawa w koziołki
(games) A game, often played by children, in which a player leaps like a frog over the back of another person who has stooped over. One variation of the game involves a number of people lining up in a row and bending over. The last person in the line then vaults forward over each of the others until he or she reaches the front of the line, whereupon he also bends over. The process is then repeated.

learn /lɑː(ɹ)n/ /lɜːn/ /lɝn/ v
uczyć się nauczyć się
To acquire, or attempt to acquire knowledge or an ability to do something.
uczyć się
To gain knowledge from a bad experience so as to improve.
To come to know; to become informed of; to find out.

learn the hard way v
człowiek uczy się na błędach
To learn by experiencing the consequences of making mistakes.

learned helplessness n
wyuczona bezradność

learned society learned societies n
towarzystwo naukowe
An organization that exists to promote an academic discipline or group of disciplines.

learning /ˈlɜːnɪŋ/ /ˈlɝnɪŋ/ learnings n
uczenie
(uncountable) An act in which something is learned.

learning disability learning disabilities n
trudności w uczeniu się
A disability which prevents the sufferer from learning in a typical manner.

lease /liːs/ leases n
dzierżawa arenda leasing najem
(formal, law) An interest in land granting exclusive use or occupation of real estate for a limited period; a leasehold.

lease /liːs/ v
arendować dzierżawić wynajmować wynająć
(transitive, formal, law) To grant a lease as a landlord; to let.

leaseholder leaseholders n
dzierżawca ajent
A person who is tenant by holding a lease; a lessee.

leash /liːʃ/ leashes n
smycz
A strap, cord or rope with which to restrain an animal, often a dog.

least /list/ /liːst/ determiner
najmniej
The most little; the smallest amount or quantity of something.

least common multiple least common multiples n
najmniejsza wspólna wielokrotność
(number theory) The smallest positive integer which is divisible by (equivalently, is an integer multiple of) each of a specified finite set of integers.

least flycatcher /list flaɪˈkætʃ.ɚ/ /liːst flaɪˈkætʃ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈkɛtʃ.ɚ/ least flycatchers n
empidonka siwa
A small insect-eating passerine bird in the tyrant flycatcher family, and the smallest member of the genus Empidonax, native to North America.

least weasel /ˈlist ˈwiz(ə)l/ /ˈliːst ˈwiːz(ə)l/ least weasels n
łasica
The common weasel, little weasel, or simply weasel (Mustela nivalis), the smallest member of the weasel genus Mustela, native to Eurasia, North America, and North Africa.

leather /ˈlɛðə/ /ˈlɛðɚ/ /ˈlʌðəɹ/ adj
skórzany
Made of leather.

leather /ˈlɛðə/ /ˈlɛðɚ/ /ˈlʌðəɹ/ leathers n
skóra
A tough material produced from the skin of animals, by tanning or similar process, used e.g. for clothing.

leave /liv/ /liːv/ leaves n
urlop pozwolenie
Permission to be absent; time away from one's work.

leave /liv/ /liːv/ v
zostawić zostawiać
(transitive) To cause or allow (something) to remain as available; to refrain from taking (something) away; to stop short of consuming or otherwise depleting (something) entirely.
(transitive) To transfer possession of after death.
opuścić opuszczać
(transitive) To depart from; to end one's connection or affiliation with.
odchodzić odejść
(transitive) To give (something) to someone; to deliver (something) to a repository; to deposit.

leave a lot to be desired v
pozostawiać wiele do życzenia pozostawić wiele do życzenia

leave for dead v
pozostawiać na śmierć pozostawić na śmierć
(transitive) To abandon a person or other living creature that is injured or otherwise incapacitated, assuming that the death of the one abandoned will soon follow.

leave home v
wyprowadzać się wyprowadzić się
(idiomatic) To stop living with one's parents.

leave me alone phraseologicalUnit
niech pan mnie zostawi niech pan mnie zostawi w spokoju zostaw mnie zostaw mnie w spokoju
stop talking to me, stop being near me, stop interfering with my life

leave no stone unturned v
poruszyć niebo i ziemię
(idiom) To search or investigate thoroughly.
(figuratively) To perform a task carefully and thoroughly, not missing any step.

leave someone holding the bag v
wziąć dupę w troki
(figuratively) To abandon somebody, leaving him or her holding the responsibility or blame.

leave someone to their own devices v
pozostawiać samemu sobie pozostawić samemu sobie
(transitive, idiomatic) to leave alone, unsupervised, without assistance.

leave to chance v
zostawiać losowi zostawiać przypadkowi zostawić losowi zostawić przypadkowi

leave well enough alone /ˈliːv ˈwɛl ɪˌnʌf əˈləʊn/ v
zostawić w spokoju
To leave something alone; to avoid trying to correct, fix, or improve what is already adequate.

leaven /ˈlɛv.ən/ [ˈlɛvn̩] leavens n
zaczyn
Any agent used to make dough rise or to have a similar effect on baked goods.

lebensraum lebensräume n
przestrzeń życiowa
(chiefly, with reference to nations and peoples) Hitherto unoccupied “living space” claimed as one’s rightful domain.

lecithin /ˈlɛs.ə.θɪn/ lecithins n
lecytyna
(organic chemistry) The principal phospholipid in animals; it is particularly abundant in egg yolks, and is extracted commercially from soy. It is a major constituent of cell membranes, and is commonly used as a food additive (as an emulsifier).

lectern /ˈlɛktə(ɹ)n/ lecterns n
pulpit mównica
A stand with a slanted top used to support a bible from which passages are read during a church service.
A similar stand to support a lecturer's notes.

lectionary lectionaries n
lekcjonarz
(Christianity, Judaism) A book or listing that contains a collection of scripture readings appointed for Christian or Jewish worship on a given day or occasion.

lectotype lectotypes n
lektotyp
(taxonomy) A biological specimen or illustration later selected to serve as definitive type example of a species or subspecies when the original author of the name did not designate a holotype.

lecture /ˈlɛk.t͡ʃə/ /ˈlɛk.t͡ʃɚ/ lectures n
wykład
A spoken lesson or exposition, usually delivered to a group.

lecture /ˈlɛk.t͡ʃə/ /ˈlɛk.t͡ʃɚ/ v
wykładać
(transitive) To preach, to berate, to scold.

lecture theatre lecture theatres n
audytorium aula
A room in a university with many seats and a sloped floor, used to hold lectures.

lecturer /ˈlɛktʃəɹə/ /ˈlɛkt͡ʃəɹɚ/ lecturers n
wykładowca wykładowczyni
A person who gives lectures, especially as a profession.
A member of a university or college below the rank of assistant professor or reader.

lede /lid/ /liːd/ ledes n
lead
(chiefly, US, journalism) The introductory paragraph or paragraphs of a newspaper, or a news or other type of article; the lead or lead-in. [from mid 20th c.]

ledger /ˈlɛd͡ʒə/ /ˈlɛd͡ʒɚ/ ledgers n
rejestr
A book for keeping notes; a record book, a register.
A book or other scheme for keeping accounting records.
(accounting) A collection of accounting entries consisting of credits and debits.

lee /liː/ lees n
zawietrzna
(nautical) The side of the ship away from the wind.

leech /liːt͡ʃ/ leeches n
pijawka
An aquatic blood-sucking annelid of class Hirudinea, especially Hirudo medicinalis.
pijawka pasożyt
(figuratively) A person who derives profit from others in a parasitic fashion.
uzdrowiciel znachor
(Germanic paganism) A healer.

leek /liːk/ leeks n
por
The vegetable Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum, having edible leaves and an onion-like bulb but with a milder flavour than the onion.

leer /lɪə(ɹ)/ /lɪɹ/ v
patrzeć pożądliwie
(intransitive) To look sideways or obliquely; now especially with sexual desire or malicious intent.

leery /ˈlɪəɹ.i/ leerier leeriest adj
podejrzliwy
Cautious, suspicious, wary, hesitant, or nervous about something; having reservations or concerns.

leeward /ˈl(j)uːəd/ /ˈliwəɹd/ /ˈliːwəd/ /ˈluːəɹd/ leewardmost more leeward most leeward adj
zawietrzny
On the side sheltered from the wind; in that direction.

left /ˈlɛft/ lefter leftmost more left most left adj
lewy lewicowy
Designating the side of the body toward the west when one is facing north; the side of the body on which the heart is located in most humans; the opposite of right. This arrow points to the reader's left: ←
lewicowy
(politics) Left-wing; pertaining to the political left.

left /ˈlɛft/ adv
na lewo po lewej stronie z lewej strony
On the left side.
na lewo w lewo
Towards the left side.

left /ˈlɛft/ lefts n
lewa lewica
The left side or direction.
lewica
(politics) The left-wing political parties as a group; citizens holding left-wing views as a group.

left /ˈlɛft/ v
pozostały
.

left and right adv
na prawo i lewo na prawo i na lewo
(North America) All over the place; indiscriminately; frequently or excessively.

left bank left banks n
lewy brzeg lewobrzeżny
The bank to the left of a river when facing downstream.

left hand n
lewa ręka

left total adj
dziedzina lewostronna

left wing left wings n
lewica
(politics) The more left-wing faction of a group, party, or group of parties.

left-handed n
leworęczny leworęki
Left-handed people, taken as a whole.

left-hander left-handers n
mańkut
One who is left-handed.
(automotive) A bend or turn to the left; a left-hand corner.

left-luggage office left-luggage offices n
przechowalnia bagażu
(British) A place at a railway station or airport where luggage may be left for a small charge.

leftist /ˈlef.tɪst/ /ˈlɛf.tɪst/ more leftist most leftist adj
lewicowy
Of or pertaining to the political left.

leftist /ˈlef.tɪst/ /ˈlɛf.tɪst/ leftists n
lewicowiec
(politics, generally) A person who holds views associated with the political left.

leftovers n
resztki
food remaining after a meal

leg /leɪɡ/ /lɛɡ/ legs n
noga
In humans, the lower limb extending from the groin to the ankle.
goleń łydka
(anatomy) The portion of the lower limb of a human that extends from the knee to the ankle.
etap podróży
A stage of a journey, race etc.
mecz
(sports) A single game or match played in a tournament or other sporting contest.
nogawka
In a grain elevator, the case containing the lower part of the belt which carries the buckets.
(cricket, attributive) Denotes the half of the field on the same side as the batsman's legs; the left side for a right-handed batsman.

leg it v
dawać nogę dać nogę
(intransitive, slang) To run away, to flee.

leg warmer leg warmers n
getry
A type of garment similar to a footless sock, which usually extends from below the knee to above the ankle.

leg-breaker leg-breakers n
próba odbioru piłki skutkująca złamaniem nogi rywala wejście skutkujące złamaniem nogi rywala
(soccer) A tackle or other on-field maneuver capable of breaking a player's leg.

legacy /ˈleɪɡəsi/ /ˈlɛɡəsi/ legacies n
spadek
(legal) Money or property bequeathed to someone in a will.
dziedzictwo spuścizna
Something inherited from a predecessor or the past.

legal /ˈliɡəl/ /ˈliː.ɡəl/ more legal most legal adj
prawniczy
Relating to the law or to lawyers.
prawny legalny
Having its basis in the law.
legalny pełnomocny prawowity zgodny z prawem
Being allowed or prescribed by law.

legal action legal actions n
kroki prawne
Legal proceedings; a lawsuit.

legal effect legal effects n
skutek prawny
A particular state of the rights in consequence of a defined state or course of things.

legal person legal persons n
osoba prawna
(legal) An aggregate of people, legal entity, or body corporate who have (some of) the legal rights and responsibilities of a natural person under the law.

legal positivism legal positivisms n
pozytywizm prawniczy
(legal) A school of thought in jurisprudence in which the law is seen as separated from moral values, i.e. the law is posited by lawmakers (humans).

legal recourse n
regres roszczenie zwrotne
(legal) An action that can be taken by an individual or a corporation to attempt to remedy a legal difficulty.

legal tender legal tenders n
środek płatniczy
(legal) Any form of currency that by law cannot be refused as payment to extinguish a debt equal to the amount offered.

legal vacuum legal vacua legal vacuums n
luka w prawie

legalism legalisms n
legalizm
Focusing on the text of written law to the exclusion of the intent of law, elevating strict adherence to law over justice, mercy, grace and common sense.

legalist /ˈli.ɡəl.ɪst/ more legalist most legalist adj
legalistyczny
Of or related to legalism, in its various senses.

legalist /ˈli.ɡəl.ɪst/ legalists n
legalista legalistka
One who adheres to legalism, in its various senses.

legalistically more legalistically most legalistically adv
legalistycznie
In a legalistic manner; in a manner promoting legalism.

legality legalities n
legalność prawność
Lawfulness.

legalization legalizations n
legalizacja
The process of making something legal, the process to legalize, decriminalization.

legalize /ˈliːɡəlaɪz/ v
legalizować zalegalizować
To make legal or permit under law. Either by decriminalising something that has been illegal or by specifically permitting it.

legally /ˈliːɡəli/ more legally most legally adv
legalnie
As permitted by law; not contrary to law.
From a legal perspective.

legate /ˈlɛɡət/ /ˈlɛɡɪt/ legates n
legat
A deputy representing the pope, specifically a papal ambassador sent on special ecclesiastical missions.
The deputy of a provincial governor or general in ancient Rome.

legato /ləˈɡɑ.toʊ/ /ləˈɡɑ.təʊ/ adv
legato
(music) Smoothly, in a connected manner.

legend /ˈliːd͡ʒ.ənd/ /ˈlɛd͡ʒ.ənd/ legends n
legenda
A story of unknown origin describing plausible but extraordinary past events.
A person of extraordinary fame or accomplishments.
A key to the symbols and color codes on a map, chart, etc.

legendary /ˈlɛd͡ʒ.ən.də.ɹi/ /ˈlɛd͡ʒ.ən.dɹi/ /ˈlɛd͡ʒ.ənˌdɛɹ.i/ more legendary most legendary adj
legendarny
Of or pertaining to a legend or to legends.

legging /lɛɡ.ɪŋ/ leggings n
legginsy
A covering, usually of leather, worn from knee to ankle.
One of the legs of a pair of trousers.

legible /ˈlɛd͡ʒəbl/ more legible most legible adj
czytelny
Clear enough to be read; readable, particularly of handwriting.

legibly more legibly most legibly adv
czytelnie
In a manner that is legible, in a manner that is readable, readably.

legion /ˈliːd͡ʒən/ adj
legion
Numerous; vast; very great in number

legion /ˈliːd͡ʒən/ legions n
legion
(military, Ancient Rome) The major unit or division of the Roman army, usually comprising 3000 to 6000 infantry soldiers and 100 to 200 cavalry troops.

legionary /ˈlidʒəˌnɛɹi/ /ˈliːdʒənəɹi/ /ˈliːdʒənɹi/ legionaries n
legionista
A member of a legion, such as the American Legion, or of any organization containing the term legion in its title (e.g. the French Foreign Legion).

legislation /ˌlɛd͡ʒɪsˈleɪʃən/ legislations n
legislacja prawodawstwo ustawodawstwo
The act of legislating; preparation and enactment of laws.
prawodawstwo ustawodawstwo
Law which has been enacted by legislature or other governing body

legislational adj
legislacyjny legislatywny prawodawczy ustawodawczy
Relating to legislation

legislative /-slæɪ-/ /lɛˈd͡ʒɪ.slə.tɪv/ /ˈled͡ʒ.ɪ.slə.tɪv/ /ˈlɛd͡ʒ.ɪ.slə.tɪv/ /ˈlɛd͡ʒ.ɪˌsleɪ.tɪv/ /ˈlɛd͡ʒˌɪs.lə.tɪv/ [ˈled͡ʒ.ɪ.slə.ɾɪv] [ˈlɛd͡ʒ.ɪˌsleɪ.ɾɪv] more legislative most legislative adj
legislacyjny legislatywny prawodawczy ustawodawczy
Making, or having the power to make, a law or laws; lawmaking

legislative branch legislative branches n
legislatura legislatywa władza ustawodawcza
The branch of government which is concerned with the making of laws

legislator legislators n
ustawodawca legislator prawodawca prawodawczyni ustawodawczyni
Someone who creates or enacts laws

legislature /ˈlɛd͡ʒɪslət͡ʃə/ /ˈlɛd͡ʒɪsləˌt͡ʃʊə/ /ˈlɛd͡ʒɪsˌleɪt͡ʃɚ/ legislatures n
legislatura legislatywa władza ustawodawcza
A governmental body with the power to make, amend and repeal laws.

legitimate /ləˈd͡ʒɪt.ɪ.meɪt/ /ləˈd͡ʒɪt.ɪ.mət/ /lɪˈd͡ʒɪt.ɪ.meɪt/ /lɪˈd͡ʒɪt.ɪ.mət/ more legitimate most legitimate adj
legalny prawowity
In accordance with the law or established legal forms and requirements.
Lawfully begotten, i.e., born to a legally married couple (or otherwise legitimated subsequently). [from mid-14th c.]

legitime legitimes n
zachowek

legless more legless most legless adj
beznogi beznożny
Without legs.

legume /ləˈɡjuːm/ /lɪˈɡjuːm/ /ˈlɛɡ.juːm/ legumes n
strąk
(botany) The fruit or seed of leguminous plants (as peas or beans) used for food.
roślina strączkowa
(botany) Any of a large family (Fabaceae, syn. Leguminosae) of dicotyledonous herbs, shrubs, and trees having fruits that are legumes or loments, bearing nodules on the roots that contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and including important food and forage plants (as peas, beans, or clovers).

leguminous more leguminous most leguminous adj
strączkowy
Of the Leguminosae family of peas, beans etc.
Resembling a legume.

leister /ˈlistɚ/ /ˈliːstə/ leisters n
oścień
(fishing) A spear armed with three or more barbed prongs for catching fish, particularly salmon. [from 16th c.]

leisure /ˈliːʒə(ɹ)/ /ˈliːʒəɹ/ /ˈlɛʒə(ɹ)/ /ˈlɛʒəɹ/ leisures n
laba wolne
Freedom provided by the cessation of activities.
wolny czas laba
Free time, time free from work or duties.

leitmotif /ˈlaɪt.moʊˌtif/ /ˈlaɪt.moʊˌtɪv/ /ˈlaɪt.məʊˌtiːf/ /ˈleɪt.moʊˌtif/ leitmotifs n
lejtmotyw
(music) A melodic theme associated with a particular character, place, thing or idea in an opera.

lek /lɛk/ lek leks leku lekë n
lek
The currency unit of Albania, divided into 100 qindarka.

lek /lɛk/ v
tokować
(biology, intransitive) To take part in the courtship and display behaviour of a lek.

lemma /ˈlɛmə/ /ˈlɪmə/ lemmas lemmata n
lemat
(mathematics) A proposition proved or accepted for immediate use in the proof of some other proposition.
lemma lemat
(psycholinguistics) The theoretical abstract conceptual form of a word, representing a specific meaning, before the creation of a specific phonological form as the sounds of a lexeme, which may find representation in a specific written form as a dictionary or lexicographic word.

lemming /lɛm.ɪŋ/ lemmings n
leming
A small Arctic and Subarctic rodent from any of six genera of similar rodents.
leming wyznawca
(figuratively) Any member of a group given to conformity or groupthink, especially a group poised to follow a leader off a cliff.

lemniscate /lɛmˈnɪs.kət/ /lɛmˈnɪs.kɪt/ lemniscates n
lemniskata
(mathematics) Any of a variety of quartic functions producing similar figure-of-eight closed curves.

lemon /ˈlɛm.ən/ /ˈlɪm.ɪn/ more lemon most lemon adj
cytrynowy cytryna
Containing or having the flavour/flavor and/or scent of lemons.
cytrynowy
Of the pale yellow colour/color of lemons.

lemon /ˈlɛm.ən/ /ˈlɪm.ɪn/ lemons n
cytryna cytrynowy
A yellowish citrus fruit.
cytryna drzewo cytrynowe cytrynowy
A semitropical evergreen tree, Citrus limon, that bears such fruits.
cytrynowy cytryna
A more or less bright shade of yellow associated with lemon fruits.
A lemon shark (Negaprion brevirostris).
(Cockney rhyming slang, shortened from “lemon flavour”) Favor.
(fandom) A piece of fanfiction involving explicit sex.
(geometry) The surface of revolution of a circular arc of angle less than 180° rotated about the straight line passing through the arc’s two endpoints.
cytrynowy rzęch cytryna
(slang) A defective or inadequate item or individual.

lemon balm lemon balms n
melisa lekarska melisa
A perennial herb, of species Melissa officinalis, of southern Europe; used as a flavouring in ice cream etc.

lemon squeezer lemon squeezers n
wyciskarka do cytryn
A device used to extract juice from lemons by crushing the lemon using the sharp middle part.

lemon verbena lemon verbenas n
lippia trójlistna
A deciduous perennial shrub native to South America, used for its lemon-like fragrance and flavor, Aloysia citrodora.

lemonade /ˈlɛmənˌeɪd/ /ˌlɛmənˈeɪd/ lemonades n
lemoniada
(US, Canada) A flavoured beverage consisting of water, lemon, and sweetener, sometimes ice, served mainly as a refreshment.
(UK, AU, NZ) A clear, usually carbonated, beverage made from lemon or artificial lemon flavouring, water, and sugar.

lemongrass lemongrasses n
palczatka cytrynowa
One of various species of grass of the genus Cymbopogon, especially Cymbopogon citratus, which have a lemon-like taste and aroma, and are used in cooking, for tea, and for fragrance.

lemur /ˈliːmə(ɹ)/ lemurs n
lemur
(colloquial) Any strepsirrhine primate of the infraorder Lemuriformes, superfamily Lemuroidea, native only to Madagascar and some surrounding islands.

lend /lɛnd/ /lɪnd/ v
pożyczyć pożyczać
(transitive) To allow to be used by someone temporarily, on condition that it or its equivalent will be returned.

lend itself to v
odpowiadać pasować
(transitive, idiomatic) to be suitable for

lender /ˈlɛndɚ/ lenders n
pożyczkodawca
One who lends, especially money; specifically, a bank or other entity that specializes in granting loans.

length /lɛn(t)θ/ /lɛŋ(k)θ/ lengths n
długość
The distance measured along the longest dimension of an object.
duration.
(figuratively) Total extent.

lengthen /ˈlɛŋ(k)θən/ v
przedłużyć wydłużyć
(transitive) To make longer, to extend the length of.

leniency leniencies n
pobłażliwość
The quality of mercy or forgiveness, especially in the assignment of punishment as in a court case.

lenition /liˈnɪʃən/ /liːˈnɪʃən/ /ləˈnɪʃən/ /lɪˈnɪʃən/ lenitions n
boggaghys lenicja
(phonetics, phonology) A weakening of articulation causing a consonant to become lenis (soft).

lens /lɛnz/ lens lenses lentes n
soczewka
An object, usually made of glass, that focuses or defocuses the light that passes through it.
A device which focuses or defocuses electron beams.
(anatomy) The transparent crystalline structure in the eye.
soczewica soczewka
(biology) A genus of the legume family; its bean.

lens cap lens caps n
dekielek
(photography) The detachable cap that protects the camera lens when the camera is not in use.

lens flare lens flares n
flara
A stray patch of brightness in a photographic image resulting from aberrant refractions or reflections within the lens due to an exceptionally bright light source, sometimes one just outside the image proper.

lenticular /lɛnˈtɪk.jə.lɚ/ /lɛnˈtɪk.jʊ.lə/ more lenticular most lenticular adj
soczewkowy
Of or pertaining to a lens.
soczewkowaty
Shaped like a biconvex lens.

lentil /ˈlɛntəl/ lentils n
soczewica jadalna soczewica
Any of several plants of the genus Lens, especially Lens culinaris, from southwest Asia, that have edible, lens-shaped seeds within flattened pods.
soczewica
The seed of these plants, used as food.

leonine /ˈliːənaɪ̯n/ more leonine most leonine adj
lwi
Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion.

leopard /ˈlɛpəd/ /ˈlɛpɚd/ leopards n
lampart leopard lampart plamisty pantera rysiec
Panthera pardus, a large wild cat with a spotted coat native to Africa and Asia, especially the male of the species (in contrast to leopardess) .

leopard seal /ˈlɛpəd siːl/ /ˈlɛpɚd siːl/ leopard seals n
lampart morski
A large pinniped mammal (Hydrurga leptonyx) found in the Antarctic.

leopardsbane leopardsbanes n
omieg
Any of various plants, including Arnica montana, Senecio doronicum, Paris quadrifolia, and species of genus Doronicum.

leotard /ˈliː.ə.tɑːd/ /ˈliː.ə.tɑːɹd/ /ˈlɪə.tɑːd/ leotards n
trykot
A one-piece skintight garment with or without sleeves and without legs (often worn by gymnasts, acrobats, wrestlers, female swimmers, etc.)

leper lepers lepress n
trędowaty
A person who has leprosy, a person suffering from Hansen's disease.

leper colony leper colonies n
leprozorium
An isolated community used to house lepers, usually in permanent quarantine from the rest of society.

lepidopterology /ˈlɛpɪˈdɑptɚˈɑləd͡ʒi/ n
lepidopterologia
(biology, zoology, entomology) The scientific study of butterflies and moths (the Lepidoptera).

leporine /ˈlɛpəɹaɪn/ /ˈlɛpəɹən/ /ˈlɛpəˌɹaɪn/ adj
króliczy zajęczy
(chiefly, mammalogy, also, figuratively) Of, relating to, or resembling a hare or rabbit.

leprechaun /ˈlɛprəˌkɑn/ /ˈlɛprəˌkɔn/ /ˈlɛpɹəkɔːn/ leprechauns n
irlandzki skrzat leprechaun
(Irish folklore) One of a race of elves that can reveal hidden treasure to those who catch them.

leprosy /ˈlɛpɹəsi/ leprosies n
trąd lepra
(medicine) An infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae, gradually producing nerve damage and patches of skin necrosis and historically handled by permanently quarantining its sufferers.
Ellipsis of murine leprosy. and feline leprosy, diseases caused in rodents and cats by Mycobacterium lepraemurium.

lepton /ˈlɛptɒn/ leptons n
lepton
A coin used since ancient times in Greece, serving in modern times as one hundredth of a phoenix, a drachma, and a euro (as the Greek form of the Eurocent).
(particle physics) An elementary particle that has a spin of 1/2 (i.e., is a fermion) and does not interact via the strong nuclear force; examples include the electron, the muon, the neutrino and the tauon.

lesbian /ˈlɛz.bi.jən/ /ˈlɛz.bi.jɪn/ /ˈlɛz.bɪ.ən/ more lesbian most lesbian adj
lesbijski lesbijska
(LGBT, of a woman) Homosexual, gay; preferring exclusively women as romantic or sexual partners.
(LGBT, of a woman, broadly) Preferring primarily women as romantic or sexual partners.
lesbijski lesbijka
(LGBT, of a romantic or sexual act or relationship) Between two or more women; homosexual, gay.

lesbian /ˈlɛz.bi.jən/ /ˈlɛz.bi.jɪn/ /ˈlɛz.bɪ.ən/ lesbians n
lesbijka lesbijski
A gay woman, one who is mostly or exclusively sexually or romantically attracted to other women.

lesbophobia n
lesbofobia
Fear, dislike, or hatred of lesbians (female homosexuals).

lese majesty /liz ˈmædʒəsti/ n
obraza majestatu
The crime of violating majesty, an offense against the dignity of a reigning sovereign or against a state.

leshy leshies n
borowy gajowy laskowiec lasowy leszy leśnik
(Slavic mythology) A male woodland spirit in Slavic mythology who protects wild animals and forests.

lesion /ˈliːʒən/ lesions n
lezja uszkodzenie ciała
(medicine) An infected or otherwise injured or diseased organ or part, especially such on a patch of skin.

less /lɛs/ adv
mniej
To a smaller extent or degree.

less is more /lɛs ɪz ˈmɔɹ/ /lɛs ɪz ˈmɔː/ proverb
mniej znaczy więcej
That which is less complicated is often better understood and more appreciated than what is more complicated; brevity in communication is more effective than verbosity.

lesser black-backed gull lesser black-backed gulls n
mewa żółtonoga
a seabird and member of the gull family, genus Larus fuscus

lesser celandine lesser celandines n
ziarnopłon wiosenny jaskier wiosenny pszonka
A European perennial herb (Ficaria verna, formerly Ranunculus ficaria), having heart-shaped leaves and solitary yellow flowers

lesser grey shrike lesser grey shrikes n
dzierzba czarnoczelna
Lanius minor, a member of the shrike family Laniidae.

lesser jacana lesser jacanas n
długoszpon mały
Microparra capensis, a wader in the family Jacanidae.

lesser of two evils n
mniejsze zło

lesser redpoll lesser redpolls n
czeczotka brązowa
A bird of the subspecies Acanthis flammea cabaret or species Acanthis cabaret.

lesser roadrunner /ˈlɛsə(ɹ) ˈɹoʊdˌɹʌnə(ɹ)/ lesser roadrunners n
kukawka meksykańska
A bird native to Central America, Geococcyx velox.

lesser spotted eagle lesser spotted eagles n
orlik krzykliwy
Clanga pomarina, a large Eastern European bird of prey.

lesser spotted woodpecker /ˈlɛsə(ɹ) ˈspɒtəd ˈwədpɛkə(ɹ)/ lesser spotted woodpeckers n
dzięciołek
Any of species Dryobates minor of woodpeckers, principally of cooler regions of Eurasia.

lesser white-fronted goose lesser white-fronted geese n
gęś mała
Anser erythropus, a goose closely related to the larger white-fronted goose (Anser albifrons)

lesser whitethroat lesser whitethroats n
piegża
Curruca curruca (syn. Sylvia curruca), an Old World warbler.

lesser yellowlegs lesser yellowlegs n
brodziec żółtonogi
A shorebird of North America characterized by its yellow legs (Tringa flavipes).

lesson /ˈlɛsən/ [ˈlɛsn̩] lessons n
lekcja
A section of learning or teaching into which a wider learning content is divided.
Something learned or to be learned.
Something that serves as a warning or encouragement.
lekcja czytanie
A section of the Bible or other religious text read as part of a divine service.

lessor lessors n
arendarka arendarz
(property law) The owner of property that is leased; the landlord to a lease.

lest /liːst/ /lɛst/ conjunction
ze strachu, że żeby nie
For fear that; that not; in order to prevent something from happening; in case.

let /lɛt/ v
pozwalać pozwolić wynajmować
(transitive) To allow to, not to prevent (+ infinitive, but usually without to).
wynajmować
(transitive) To allow to be or do without interference; to not disturb or meddle with; to leave (someone or something) alone.
niech
(auxiliary, transitive) Used to introduce a first or third person imperative verb construction.

let alone conjunction
co dopiero
(idiomatic, negative polarity item) Much less; to say nothing of; used after one negative clause to introduce another, usually broader and more important clause, whose negation is implied by the negation of the first. However either of these instances mentioned can be applied with the use of let alone.

let bygones be bygones /lɛt ˈbaɪɡɒnz biː ˈbaɪɡɒnz/ /lɛt ˈbaɪˌɡɑnz bi ˈbaɪˌɡɑnz/ v
puszczać w niepamięć puścić w niepamięć
(intransitive, idiomatic) To disregard or ignore a past difficulty in a relationship or an offence (when dealing with another individual).

let down v
opuszczać opuścić
(transitive) To allow to descend.
rozczarować zawieść
(transitive, idiomatic) To disappoint; to betray or fail somebody

let go v
puszczać puścić
(intransitive, with of, and, transitive, with object before go) To release from one's grasp; to go from a state of holding on to a state of no longer holding on.

let him who is without sin cast the first stone phraseologicalUnit
kto z was jest bez grzechu, niech pierwszy rzuci na nią kamień
Only those who are faultless have the right to pass judgment upon others (implying that no one is faultless and that, therefore, no one has such a right to pass judgment).

let in v
wpuszczać wpuścić
(transitive) To let someone or something come in; to admit someone or something in.

let know v
dawać znać dać znać
(ditransitive) To inform (someone) (of something).

let oneself go v
zaniedbać się zaniedbywać się
(idiomatic) To cease to care about one's appearance, allowing oneself to become unkempt, overweight, etc.

let out v
wypuszczać wypuścić
(transitive) To release.
robić wydawać wydać zrobić
(informal) Of sound, to emit.

let sleeping dogs lie v
nie rozdrapuj starych ran nie wywołuj wilka z lasu
(idiomatic) To leave things as they are; especially, to avoid restarting or rekindling an old argument; to leave disagreements in the past.

let the cat out of the bag v
wypuścić kota z worka
(idiomatic) To disclose a secret; to let a secret be known, often inadvertently.

let there be light phraseologicalUnit
niech stanie się światłość
Used as a metaphor for the spread of wisdom.

let's /lɛts/ v
-my
Used to form the cohortative of verbs, equivalent of the first-person plural imperative in some other languages.

let's go phraseologicalUnit
cho chodzić dalej dalejże dawaj hajda
Hortative of go, particularly as an cheer expressing encouragement.
dalej dalejże ruszać się
(colloquial) Hurry up; be quick.

let's say phraseologicalUnit
powiedzmy

let-down /ˈlɛtdaʊn/ let-downs n
wypływ
(countable, uncountable) The neurohormonal release of milk in dairy cows or in breastfeeding human mothers.

lethal /ˈliː.θəl/ more lethal most lethal adj
śmiercionośny śmiertelny letalny
Of, pertaining to, or causing death; deadly; mortal; fatal.

lethally /ˈliːθəli/ more lethally most lethally adv
śmiertelnie
In a lethal manner, in manner which is or will be fatal.

lettable adj
do wynajęcia

letter /ˈletə/ /ˈlɛtə/ /ˈlɛtɚ/ [-ɾə(ɹ)] [-ɾɚ] letters n
litera
A symbol in an alphabet.
list
A written or printed communication, generally longer and more formal than a note.

letter of credence letters of credence n
listy uwierzytelniające

letter of credit letters of credit n
akredytywa
(finance, banking) A document, used primarily in trade finance and issued generally by a financial institution, in which the institution promises to pay debts up to a certain limit to be acquired by the beneficiary against delivery of documents specified in the letter.

letter of intent letters of intent n
list intencyjny
A legal document outlining one or more agreements between two or more parties before the actual agreements are finalized

letter of recommendation letters of recommendation n
referencje
A letter written by one person who is familiar with another, usually a teacher, employer, or person of similar authority, evaluating and often extolling the fitness of the other person for a position.

letter of the law n
litera prawa
(singulare tantum) The strict interpretation of the law or rules.

letter opener letter openers n
nóż do otwierania kopert nóż do otwierania listów
A knifelike device with a blunt edge, used for slicing letters open.

letterbox letterboxes n
skrzynka pocztowa
A collection point for mail intended for onward delivery, a secure box or receptacle for this purpose.

lettering letterings n
liternictwo
Written text, especially when printed.

letters patent /-ˈpeɪ-/ /-ˈpæ-/ /ˌlɛtəz ˈpeɪtənt/ /ˌlɛtɚz ˈpætənt/ [ˌlɛɾɚz ˈpæɾənt] n
patent
(law) A type of legal document in the form of an open letter issued by an authority to direct that some action be taken; to grant a monopoly, right, status, or title to a person or organization; or to record a contract.

lettuce /ˈlɛtus/ /ˈlɛtəs/ /ˈlɛtɪs/ [ˈlɛɾəs] [ˈlɛɾɪs] lettuces n
sałata
An edible plant, Lactuca sativa and its close relatives, having a head of green and/or purple leaves.
(uncountable) The leaves of the lettuce plant, eaten as a vegetable; as a dish often mixed with other ingredients, dressing etc.
kapusta
(uncountable, US, slang) United States paper currency; dollars.

lettuce leaf lettuce leaves n
liść sałaty
(literally) A leaf of lettuce.

leu /ˈleɪ.uː/ lei n
lej
The unit of currency of Romania, equal to one hundred bani.

leucine /ˈluː.siːn/ leucines n
leucyna
(amino acid) An essential amino acid, C6H13NO2, isomeric with isoleucine, found in most animal proteins; it is essential for growth in children.

leucism n
leucyzm
(zoology, pathology) An animal condition in which there is partial loss of pigmentation resulting in white, pale, or patchy coloration of the skin, hair, feathers, scales or cuticle, but not the eyes (caused by a reduction in multiple types of pigment, not just melanin).

leucistic more leucistic most leucistic adj
leucystyczny

leucoma leucomas leucomata n
bielmo blachmal
(pathology) An opaque area or scar on the cornea of an eye

leucomatous adj
bielmowy

leukaemic adj
białaczkowy
Characteristic of, or associated with leukaemia.

leukemia /luːˈkiːmi.ə/ leukemias n
białaczka leukemia
Any of a class of types of cancer affecting the blood cells, especially the white blood cells (usually with massive leukocytosis), and the blood cell–forming (hematopoietic) tissues.

leukemogenic more leukemogenic most leukemogenic adj
białaczkotwórczy

leukocyte /ˈluːkə(ʊ)sʌɪt/ leukocytes n
leukocyt krwinka biała
(hematology, cytology, immunology) Any of a class of blood cells that play various roles in cell-mediated immunity.

lev /lɛv/ leva levs n
lew
The currency of Bulgaria, divided into 100 stotinki.

levee /ləˈveɪ/ /ləˈvi/ /ˈlɛv.eɪ/ /ˈlɛvi/ levees n
grobla
An embankment to prevent inundation; as, the levees along the Mississippi.

level /ˈlɛv.əl/ leveler levelest leveller levellest adj
poziomy
The same height at all places; parallel to a flat ground.

level /ˈlɛv.əl/ levels n
poziomica
A tool for finding whether a surface is level, or for creating a horizontal or vertical line of reference.
(Singapore, education) A school grade or year.
poziom
A distance relative to a given reference elevation.
(video games) One of several discrete segments of a game, generally increasing in difficulty and representing different locations in the game world.
(role-playing games, video games) A numeric value that quantifies a character, ability, or item's experience and power.
poziom stopień
Degree or amount.
piętro poziom
A floor of a multi-storey building.

level crossing level crossings n
przejazd kolejowo-drogowy
(chiefly, British) An at-grade crossing between a railway line and an ordinary road, with rails and road at the same level.

level-headed more level-headed most level-headed adj
opanowany zrównoważony
(idiomatic) Sensible; rational; possessing sound judgment.

lever /ˈliː.və/ /ˈliː.vɚ/ /ˈlɛv.ɚ/ levers n
dźwignia lewar drążek wajcha
A small such piece to trigger or control a mechanical device (like a button).

lever arm lever arms n
ramię siły
(physics) The distance between the point of application of a force and the axis.

leverage /ˈliːv(ə)ɹɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈlɛv(ə)ɹɪd͡ʒ/ leverages n
siła nacisku
A force compounded by means of a lever rotating around a pivot; see torque.
naciski
(by extension) Any influence which is compounded or used to gain an advantage.
dźwignia finansowa lewarowanie
(finance) The use of borrowed funds with a contractually determined return to increase the ability to invest and earn an expected higher return, but usually at high risk.

leverage /ˈliːv(ə)ɹɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈlɛv(ə)ɹɪd͡ʒ/ v
wykorzystać wykorzystywać
(transitive, chiefly, US, slang, business) To use; to exploit; to manipulate in order to take full advantage (of something).

leveraged buyout leveraged buyouts n
wykup lewarowany

leveret /ˈlɛvəɹɪt/ /ˈlɛvɹɪt/ leverets n
zajączek
A young hare less than one year old.

levetiracetam /lɛvɪtɪˈræsɪtæm/ n
lewetyracetam

leviathan /ləˈvaɪ.ə.θən/ adj
lewiatan
Very large; gargantuan.

leviathan /ləˈvaɪ.ə.θən/ leviathans n
lewiatan
(Bible, mythological creature) A vast sea monster of tremendous strength, described as the most powerful and dangerous creature in the ocean.

levirate /ˈlɛvɪɹət/ levirates n
lewirat
(anthropology) The institution of levirate marriage.

levitate /ˈlɛvɪteɪt/ v
lewitować
(intransitive) To be suspended in the air, as if in defiance of gravity.

levitation /ˌlɛvɪˈteɪʃən/ levitations n
lewitacja
The raising of something, such as a body, without apparent physical cause, allegedly using the power of the mind
The suspension of something via technical means without any mechanical support, such as by magnetism

levonorgestrel /ˌli.və.nɔɹˈd͡ʒɛ.stɹəl/ /ˌliː.vəʊ.nɔːˈd͡ʒɛ.stɹl̩/ n
lewonorgestrel

levy /ˈlɛ.vi/ v
pobierać ściągać
(transitive) To impose (a tax or fine) to collect monies due, or to confiscate property.

lewd /ljuːd/ /lud/ lewder lewdest adj
bezwstydny lubieżny rozpustny sprośny
Lascivious, sexually promiscuous, rude.

lexeme /ˈlɛkˌsiːm/ lexemes n
leksem
(linguistics) A lexical item corresponding to the set of all words (or of all multi-word expressions) that are semantically related through inflection of a particular shared basic form.

lexical /ˈlɛksɪkəl/ adj
leksykalny
(linguistics) Concerning the vocabulary, words, sentences or morphemes of a language.

lexicographer /ˌlɛksɪˈkɒɡɹəfə(ɹ)/ lexicographers n
leksykograf
One who writes or compiles a dictionary.

lexicographic more lexicographic most lexicographic adj
leksykograficzny
Like a dictionary, relating to lexicography (the writing of a dictionary).

lexicography /-sə-/ /ˌlɛksɪˈkɑɡɹəfi/ /ˌlɛksɪˈkɒɡɹəfi/ lexicographies n
leksykografia słownikarstwo
(uncountable) The art or craft of compiling, writing, and editing dictionaries.
(uncountable, linguistics) The scholarly discipline of analysing and describing the semantic, syntagmatic and paradigmatic relationships within the lexicon (vocabulary) of a language and developing theories of dictionary components and structures linking the data in dictionaries.

lexicological adj
leksykologiczny
pertaining to lexicology

lexicologically adv
leksykologicznie
In terms of lexicology.

lexicologist lexicologists n
leksykolog leksykolożka
an expert at lexicology

lexicology lexicologies n
leksykologia
(uncountable, linguistics) The part of linguistics that studies words, their nature and meaning, words' elements, relations between words including semantic relations, words groups and the whole lexicon.

lexicon /ˈlɛk.sɪ.kɑn/ /ˈlɛk.sɪ.kɒn/ /ˈlɛk.sɪ.kən/ lexica lexicons n
słownik
The vocabulary of a language.
(rare) Any dictionary.
leksykon
(lexicography, linguistics) A dictionary that includes or focuses on lexemes.
leksykon słownik
A dictionary of Classical Greek, Hebrew, Latin, or Aramaic.
leksykon słownictwo
The vocabulary used by or known to an individual. (Also called lexical knowledge.)
leksyk słownictwo
A set of vocabulary specific to a certain subject.

liability /laɪəˈbɪlɪti/ liabilities n
odpowiedzialność
An obligation, debt or responsibility owed to someone.
pasywa
(accounting) Any item recorded on the right-hand side of a balance sheet.

liability insurance liability insurances n
ubezpieczenie odpowiedzialności cywilnej
Any insurance against a potential loss due to the insured's liability for injury or damage to others.

liana /liːˈɑːnə/ lianas n
liana
(botany) A climbing woody vine, usually tropical.

liar /ˈlaɪ.ə/ /ˈlaɪ.ɚ/ liars n
kłamca kłamczuch kłamczucha łgarz łeż
A person who frequently lies.

liar liar pants on fire phraseologicalUnit
baju, baju, będziesz w raju
(childish) Used to taunt a liar.

liar paradox liar paradoxes n
paradoks kłamcy

libation /laɪˈbeɪʃən/ libations n
libacja
The act of pouring a liquid, most often wine, in sacrifice on the ground, on a ritual object, or on a victim, in honor of some deity.

libelous /ˈlaɪ.bəl.əs/ more libelous most libelous adj
oszczerczy
Defamatory, libeling, referring to something that causes harm to someone's reputation especially with malice or disregard.

liberal /ˈlɪbəɹəl/ /ˈlɪbɹəl/ more liberal most liberal adj
liberalny
Widely open to new ideas, willing to depart from established opinions or conventions; permissive.
(politics) Open to political or social changes and reforms associated with either classical or modern liberalism.

liberal /ˈlɪbəɹəl/ /ˈlɪbɹəl/ liberals n
liberał
One with liberal views, supporting individual liberty (see Wikipedia's article on Liberalism).
(US politics) Someone with progressive or left-wing views; one with a left-wing ideology.
liberał liberalny
(political) A supporter of any of several liberal parties.

liberal arts n
sztuki wyzwolone
The academic course of instruction intended to provide general knowledge and usually comprising the arts, humanities, natural sciences, and social sciences, as opposed to professional or technical subjects.
The trivium and the quadrivium.

liberalism liberalisms n
liberalizm
The quality of being liberal.
(politics) Any political movement founded on the autonomy and personal freedom of the individual, progress and reform, and government by law with the consent of the governed.
(economics) An economic ideology in favour of laissez faire and the free market (related to economic liberalism).

liberalization liberalizations n
liberalizacja
The process or act of making more liberal.

liberalize /ˈlɪbəɹəlaɪz/ v
liberalizować
(transitive) to make liberal, free.

liberate /ˈlɪbəɹeɪt/ v
uwolnić oswabadzać oswobodzić uwalniać wyzwalać wyzwolić
(transitive) To set free, to make or allow to be free, particularly

liberation liberations n
wyzwolenie oswobodzenie uwolnienie
The act of liberating or the state of being liberated.

liberator /ˈlɪbəɹeɪtə(ɹ)/ liberators n
oswobodziciel oswobodzicielka wyzwoliciel wyzwolicielka
A person who frees or liberates.

libero /lɪˈbɛɹoʊ/ /ˈlɪbəɹoʊ/ /ˈlɪbəɹəʊ/ liberos n
libero
(volleyball) A designated back-row player intended to be used as a ball-control specialist.

libertarianism /lɪbəˈtɛːɹɪənɪz(ə)m/ libertarianisms n
libertarianizm
(philosophy, politics, economics) A political philosophy maintaining that all persons are the absolute owners of their own lives, and should be free to do whatever they wish with their persons or property, provided they allow others that same liberty.

liberticide adj
niszczący wolności
Causing the destruction of liberty; oppressive, liberticidal

liberticide liberticides n
zniszczenie wolności
The destruction of liberty.
zabójca wolności
One who causes the destruction of liberty.

libertine /ˈlɪb.ə.tiːn/ /ˈlɪb.ɚ.tin/ libertines n
libertyn
One who is freethinking in religious matters.
Someone (especially a man) who takes no notice of moral laws, especially those involving sexual propriety; someone loose in morals; a pleasure-seeker.

liberty /ˈlɪb.ə.ti/ /ˈlɪb.ɚ.ti/ /ˈlɪb.ɪ.ti/ [ˈlɪb.ɚ.ɾi] [ˈlɪb.ɪ.ɾi] liberties n
wolność swoboda
The condition of being free from control or restrictions.

libido /lɪˈbiː.dəʊ/ libidos n
libido chuć popęd seksualny pożądanie seksualne
(common usage) Sexual urges or drives.
(psychology) Drives or mental energies related to or based on sexual instincts but not necessarily sexual in and of themselves.

librarian /laɪˈbɹɛɹ.i.ən/ librarians n
bibliotekarz bibliotekarka
The keeper, manager of a library.
One who cares for the publications, files etc. in a library, whether staff or volunteer.
bibliotekarka bibliotekarz
A person who processes and organizes information.

librarianship librarianships n
bibliotekarstwo
The act of operating of a library; service as a librarian

library /ˈlaɪbɹi/ /ˈlaɪbɹəɹi/ /ˈlaɪˌbɛɹi/ /ˈlaɪˌbɹɛɹi/ libraries n
biblioteka książnica
An institution which holds books and/or other forms of media for use by the public or qualified people often lending them out, as well as providing various other services for its users.
biblioteka biblioteczka księgozbiór
A collection of books or other forms of stored information.

library science library sciences n
bibliotekoznawstwo
An interdisciplinary science incorporating the humanities, law and applied science to study topics related to libraries, the collection, organization, preservation and dissemination of information resources, and the political economy of information.

libre /-bɹeɪ/ /ˈlibɹə/ /ˈliːbɹə/ [ˈlibʁ] adj
wolny
(software) With very few limitations on distribution or the right to access the source code to create improved versions, but not necessarily free of charge. [from late 20th c.]

libretto /lɪˈbɹɛt.oʊ/ /lɪˈbɹɛt.əʊ/ libretti librettos n
libretto
The text of a dramatic musical work, such as an opera.
A book containing such a text.

libtard libtards n
lewak
(US, slang, derogatory, political) A liberal or progressive.

license /ˈlaɪsəns/ licenses n
licencja pozwolenie
A legal document giving official permission to do something; a permit.
licencja
The legal terms under which a person is allowed to use a product, especially software.
swawola
Freedom to deviate deliberately from normally applicable rules or practices (especially in behaviour or speech).
Excessive freedom; lack of due restraint.

license plate license plates n
tablica rejestracyjna blacha
An identifying tag, usually of metal, bearing a sequence of letters, numbers, or both identifying the vehicle, and placed at the back and, often, also at the front of a motor vehicle.

licensee /ˌlaɪsənˈsiː/ licensees n
licencjobiorca
(legal) A person to whom a license is granted.

licensing licensings n
licencjonowanie
A giving of license to do something; sanction.

licentious /laɪ.ˈsɛn.ʃəs/ more licentious most licentious adj
rozpustny rozwiązły wszeteczny
Lacking restraint, or ignoring societal standards, particularly in sexual conduct; sexually unprincipled.

lich /laɪx/ /litʃ/ /lɪtʃ/ liches lichs n
licz lisz
(fantasy, RPG) A reanimated corpse or undead being; particularly an intelligent, undead spellcaster.

lichen /ˈlaɪ.kən/ /ˈlɪ.tʃən/ lichen lichens n
porost liszaj
Any of many symbiotic organisms, being associations of algae and fungi, often found as white or yellow-to-blue–green patches on rocks, old walls, etc.

lichenometry n
lichenometria
(archaeology, paleontology, geomorphology) A geomorphic method of geochronologic dating that uses lichen growth to determine the age of exposed rock.

lick /lɪk/ licks n
lizanie
The act of licking; a stroke of the tongue.

lick /lɪk/ v
lizać
(transitive) To stroke with the tongue.

lick one's wounds v
lizać rany wylizać rany
(idiomatic) To withdraw temporarily while recovering from a defeat; to recuperate.

licking /ˈlɪkɪŋ/ lickings n
lizanie
The act by which something is licked.
cięgi lanie manto
(informal) A great loss or defeat.

lickspittle /ˈlɪkspɪtl/ /ˈlɪkspɪtəl/ lickspittles n
dupowłaz lizus przydupas wazeliniarz
A fawning toady; a base sycophant.

lickspittle /ˈlɪkspɪtl/ /ˈlɪkspɪtəl/ v
podlizać się podlizywać się włazić w dupę
(transitive, and, intransitive) To play the toady; take the role of a lickspittle to please (someone).

licorice /ˈlɪ.k(ə).ɹɪs/ /ˈlɪ.k(ə).ɹɪʃ/ licorices n
lukrecja
(countable) The plant Glycyrrhiza glabra, or sometimes in North America, the related American Licorice plant Glycyrrhiza lepidota.
(uncountable, chemistry) A flavouring agent made from dried root portions of the aforementioned plant.

lictor /ˈlɪktə/ /ˈlɪktɚ/ lictors n
liktor
An officer in ancient Rome, attendant on a consul or magistrate, who bore the fasces and was responsible for punishing criminals.

lid /lɪd/ lids n
pokrywka nakrywka wieko wieczko
The top or cover of a container.

lido /ˈlaɪ.dəʊ/ /ˈliː.dəʊ/ lidos n
kąpielisko
(British) Part of the sea by a beach sectioned off for swimming and other aquatic activities.

lidocaine /ˈlaɪ.dəˌkeɪn/ /ˈlɪd.ə(ʊ).keɪn/ lidocaines n
lidokaina
(organic compound, pharmaceutical drug) A crystalline compound TemplateParserError:LuaError that is used in the form of its hydrochloride as a local anesthetic and as an antiarrhythmic agent.

lie /laɪ̯/ lies n
kłamstwo
An intentionally false statement; an intentional falsehood.
legowisko leże nora
An animal's lair.

lie /laɪ̯/ v
leżeć spoczywać
(intransitive) To rest in a horizontal position on a surface.
kłamać łgać okłamywać
(intransitive) To give false information intentionally with intent to deceive.
leżeć
(intransitive) To be placed or situated.

lie detector lie detectors n
wykrywacz kłamstw

lie down v
kłaść położyć
(intransitive) To assume a horizontal position.

lie in wait v
czatować
To be hiding, waiting to ambush or attack someone, or simply to accost them unexpectedly.

lie low v
czaić się
(intransitive) To conceal oneself; to remain hidden.

lie through one's teeth v
łgać jak najęty łgać jak z nut opowiadać głodne kawałki wciskać ciemnotę wciskać kit łgać jak pies
(idiomatic) To tell an obvious untruth.

lien /liːn/ /ˈliːn/ /ˈliːən/ liens n
prawo zatrzymania
(legal) A right to take possession of a debtor’s property as security until a debt or duty is discharged.

lieutenant /l(j)uˈtɛnənt/ /ləˈtɛnənt/ /lɛfˈtɛnənt/ /ˈlɛftɛnənt/ lieutenants n
porucznik podporucznik
(military) The lowest junior commissioned officer rank(s) in many military forces, often Army and Marines.

lieutenant admiral lieutenant admirals lieutenants admiral lieutenants admirals n
admiał floty

lieutenant colonel lieutenant colonels lieutenants colonel n
podpułkownik
An English-language term used as a general categorization for military officer ranks that are the equivalent of lieutenant colonel, the relative rank level is found in most countries.

lieutenant general lieutenant generals lieutenants general n
generał broni generał porucznik generał-lejtnant
A commissioned officer in the British Army or Royal Marines or the United States Army, United States Marine Corps, or United States Air Force, ranked above a major general and below a general.

life /laɪf/ lives n
życie żywot
(uncountable) The state of organisms preceding their death, characterized by biological processes such as metabolism and reproduction and distinguishing them from inanimate objects; the state of being alive and living.
życie
A worthwhile existence.
Something which is inherently part of a person's existence, such as job, family, a loved one, etc.
The period during which one (a person, an animal, a plant; a civilization, species; a star; etc) is alive.
Animation; spirit; vivacity.
Nature, reality, and the forms that exist in it.
(video games) One of the player's chances to play, lost when the player's character dies or when certain mistakes are made.
dożywocie kara dożywotniego pozbawienia wolności
(countable) A life assured under a life assurance policy (equivalent to the policy itself for a single life contract).

life and limb /ˈlaɪf n̩ ˈlɪm/ n
życie i zdrowie
Existence together with the bodily faculties.

life choice life choices n
życiowy wybór

life estate life estates n
majątek w użytkowaniu dożywotnim
(legal) An estate in land which is owned by a party only for the duration of the life of that party, and for which ownership will revert to another upon the death of that party.

life expectancy life expectancies n
średnia długość życia
(of a, person) The amount of time one is expected to live.
żywotność
(figuratively, by extension, of an idea or an object) The amount of time something is expected to last.

life force life forces n
siły witalne
The hypothetical principle that animates all living organisms.

life insurance life insurances n
ubezpieczenie na życie
A form of insurance on the life of a person. If the person dies then the insurance policy pays out a sum of money to the beneficiary (such as a person's family).

life jacket life jackets n
kapok
an article of protective clothing that is designed to keep the wearer's head floating above the surface of the water.

life member life members n
członek dożywotni członkini dożywotnia

life of Riley /ˈlaɪf əv ˈɹaɪ.li/ n
życie jak w Madrycie
(idiomatic, dated) An ideal life of carefree prosperity and luxurious contentment.

life of the party n
dusza towarzystwa

life partner life partners n
towarzysz życia towarzyszka życia
A romantic partner for life. This can be same-sex or opposite-sex, married or without marriage, and monogamous or polyamorous.

life savings n
życiowe oszczędności
A large sum of money one has saved over a considerable number of years.

life sentence life sentences n
dożywocie
(legal) A sentence of imprisonment for the rest of the defendant's life.

life-changing /ˈlaɪfˌt͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒɪŋ/ more life-changing most life-changing adj
zmieniający życie

life-giving more life-giving most life-giving adj
życiodajny
Necessary for life.

life-or-death adj
na śmierć i życie
Having death as a possible or even likely outcome; perilous.

life-size adj
naturalnej wielkości
(of any representation, especially pictures, statues) The same size as the real thing.

life-threatening more life-threatening most life-threatening adj
zagrażający życiu
Potentially fatal.

lifeboat /ˈlaɪfˌboʊt/ /ˈlaɪfˌbəʊt/ lifeboats n
łódź ratunkowa
(nautical) A boat especially designed for saving the lives of shipwrecked people or people in distress at sea (either launched from the shore with a crew, or else carried on board a larger ship).

lifeform lifeforms n
forma życia
Any specific living organism.

lifeguard lifeguards n
ratownik
A lifesaver: a rescuer, usually an expert swimmer, employed to save swimmers in trouble or near drowning at a body of water.

lifehack lifehacks n
lifehack
(colloquial) Any process or technique that reduces the chaos in one's life and makes it easier to manage, or more convenient.

lifelessly more lifelessly most lifelessly adv
bez życia
Without life or appearing to be without life.

lifelessness n
martwota
The property of being lifeless, the lack of apparent animation.

lifelike more lifelike most lifelike adj
jak żywy realistyczny
Like a living being, resembling life, giving an accurate representation

lifeline /ˈlaɪfˌlaɪn/ lifelines n
linia ratownicza
A line to which a drowning or falling victim may cling.

lifelong adj
dożywotni
Extending for the entire duration of life.

lifepath lifepaths n
ścieżka życia

lifespan lifespans n
długość życia żywotność
The length of time for which an organism lives.

lifestyle /ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl/ lifestyles n
styl życia tryb życia
A style of living that reflects the attitudes and values of a person or group.

lifetime /ˈlaɪftaɪm/ lifetimes n
życie
The duration of the life of someone or something.

lift /lɪft/ lifts n
winda wyciąg dźwig
(UK, Australia, New Zealand) Mechanical device for vertically transporting goods or people between floors in a building.
siła nośna
An upward force; especially, the force (generated by wings, rotary wings, or airfoils) that keeps aircraft aloft.

lift /lɪft/ v
dźwigać dźwignąć podnieść unieść podnosić unosić
To try to raise something; to exert the strength for raising or bearing.

lift a finger v
palcem nie kiwnąć palcem nie ruszyć
(figuratively, chiefly in the negative) To make minimal effort; to help as little as possible.

lift someone's spirits v
podnieść na duchu podnosić na duchu

lift up v
podciągać podciągnąć
(transitive) To elevate to a higher position.

lifter /ˈlɪftə/ lifters n
lewar
Someone or something that lifts or assists in lifting.

ligament /ˈlɪɡəmənt/ ligaments n
więzadło wiązadło
(anatomy) A band of strong tissue that connects bones to other bones.

liger /ˈlaɪɡɚ/ ligers n
lygrys
An animal born to a male lion and a tigress.

light /laɪt/ /lʌɪt/ [ɫɐɪ̯ʔ] lighter lightest adj
jasny widny świetlisty świetlny
Having light; bright; clear; not dark or obscure.
jasny światło
Pale or whitish in color; highly luminous and more or less deficient in chroma.
błahy
Having little weight as compared with bulk; of little density or specific gravity.
lekki
(nautical, of a ship) Riding high because of no cargo; by extension, pertaining to a ship which is light.
Lightly built; typically designed for speed or small loads.
lekki lekkostrawny
Low in fat, calories, alcohol, salt, etc.
lekki delikatny
Gentle; having little force or momentum.

light /laɪt/ /lʌɪt/ [ɫɐɪ̯ʔ] lights n
światło
(physics, uncountable) Electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range visible to the human eye (about 400–750 nanometers); visible light.
(countable) A source of illumination.
(figurative) Spiritual or mental illumination; enlightenment, useful information.
A point of view, or aspect from which a concept, person or thing is regarded.
ogień
A flame or something used to create fire.
okno światło świetlik
A window in architecture, carriage design, or motor car design: either the opening itself or the window pane of glass that fills it, if any.

light /laɪt/ /lʌɪt/ [ɫɐɪ̯ʔ] v
iluminować oświetlić
(transitive) To set fire to; to set burning.
zapalić rozpalić
(transitive, pinball) To make (a bonus) available to be collected by hitting a target, and thus light up the feature light corresponding to that bonus to indicate its availability.

light at the end of the tunnel lights at the end of the tunnel n
światełko w tunelu
(idiomatic) A better situation after long hardship.

light blue light blues n
jasnoniebieski bladoniebieski bławy modrawy
A pale blue colour: sky blue or similar.

light bulb /ˈlaɪtˌbʌlb/ light bulbs n
żarówka
An evacuated glass bulb containing a metal filament which is heated by electrical resistance to produce light.

light cavalry light cavalries n
lekka kawaleria
(military) A military unit consisting of lightly armed and lightly armored troops mounted on horses.

light hour light hours n
godzina świetlna
(astronomy, physics) A unit of length equal to the distance light travels in one hour

light industry light industries n
przemysł lekki
Any industry that does not require high capitalization or heavy machinery.

light machine gun light machine guns n
lekki karabin maszynowy

light side of the Force n
jasna strona mocy

light switch light switches n
włącznik światła
A switch, usually mounted on a wall in a building, used to turn the light or another appliance such as a fan on and off.

light year /ˈlaɪt.jɜː/ /ˈlaɪt.jɪə/ /ˈlaɪt.jɪɹ/ /ˈläːt.jøː/ light years n
rok świetlny
(astronomy) A unit of length (abbreviation ly; equal to just under 10 trillion kilometres (1016 metres)) equal to the distance light travels in one Julian year; used to measure extremely large distances.

light-emitting diode light-emitting diodes n
dioda elektroluminescencyjna
(physics) A rectifying semiconductor device which converts electrical energy into electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength in or near the visible spectrum of light.

light-minded more light-minded most light-minded adj
lekkomyślny
Not given to heavy thoughts or thinking, frivolous, not serious.

light-mindedness n
lekkomyślność
The quality or state of one who is light-minded; lack of seriousness.

light-sensitive more light-sensitive most light-sensitive adj
światłoczuły
affected by, or sensitive to light.

lighten /ˈlaɪ.tən/ [ˈlaɪtn̩] [ˈlaɪʔn̩] v
odciążać odciążyć
(transitive) To alleviate; to reduce the burden of.
(transitive) To make light or lighter in weight.

lighter /ˈlaɪtə/ /ˈlaɪtɚ/ [ˈlaɪɾɚ] lighters n
lichtuga
A flat-bottomed boat for carrying heavy loads across short distances (especially for canals or for loading or unloading larger boats).
zapalniczka
A device used to light things, especially a reusable handheld device for creating fire to light cigarettes.

lighthearted more lighthearted most lighthearted adj
wesoły beztroski
Joyful, glad, taking pleasure in being alive; not depressed or sad.
lekki
Enjoyably lacking of seriousness, not grave.

lighthouse /ˈlaɪthaʊs/ lighthouses n
latarnia morska
A tower or other structure exhibiting a light or lights to warn or guide sailors.

lighthouse keeper lighthouse keepers n
latarniczka latarnik
A person who lives in a lighthouse and tends the light together with its optics and mechanisms.

lightless /laɪtlɛs/ adj
bezświetlny
Lacking light; unilluminated; dark.

lightly /ˈlaɪtli/ lightlier lightliest more lightly most lightly adv
lekko
In a light manner.

lightning /ˈlaɪt.nɪŋ/ [ˈlɐɪ̯ʔ.nɪŋ] [ˈlʌɪ̯ʔ.nɪŋ] adj
błyskawicowy błyskawiczny
Extremely fast or sudden; moving (as if) at the speed of lightning.

lightning /ˈlaɪt.nɪŋ/ [ˈlɐɪ̯ʔ.nɪŋ] [ˈlʌɪ̯ʔ.nɪŋ] lightnings n
błyskawica piorun grom mełnia
A flash of light produced by short-duration, high-voltage discharge of electricity within a cloud, between clouds, or between a cloud and the earth.

lightning fast adj
błyskawicowy błyskawiczny
(idiom) Extremely fast, fast as lightning.

lightning never strikes twice in the same place proverb
piorun nigdy nie uderza dwa razy w to samo miejsce

lightning rod lightning rods n
piorunochron
A metallic conductor that is attached to a high point of a building and leads to the ground to protect the building from damage by lightning.

lightningly adv
błyskawicowo błyskawicznie

lightproof more lightproof most lightproof adj
światłoszczelny
Sealed so that no light can enter.

lights, camera, action phraseologicalUnit
światła, kamera, akcja!
(cinematography) The traditional cue to the members of a (silent) film crew at the beginning of a take. When talkies began, “sound” was inserted between “lights” and “camera”.

lightsaber /laɪt.ˈseɪ.bə(ɹ)/ /laɪt.ˈseɪ.bɚ/ lightsabers n
miecz świetlny
(science fiction) A sword having a blade made of a powerful beam of light or energy. [from 1977.]

lightship lightships n
latarniowiec
(nautical) A vessel riding at anchor and displaying a light for the guidance of sailors, in a position where a fixed lighthouse structure would be impracticable.

lignite /lɪɡnaɪ̯t/ lignites n
węgiel brunatny
A low-grade, brownish-black coal.

ligularia ligularias n
języczka
(botany) Any of several species of flowering plant, of the genus Ligularia, having heart-shaped leaves and bright, daisy-like flowers.

likable /ˈlaɪkəbl̩/ more likable most likable adj
sympatyczny
(of a person) Having qualities tending to result in being liked; friendly, personable.

like /laɪ̯k/ /læ̙ːk/ /lɑːk/ /lɔɪ̯k/ more like most like adj
podobny
Similar.

like /laɪ̯k/ /læ̙ːk/ /lɑːk/ /lɔɪ̯k/ likes n
lajk
(internet) An individual vote showing support for, approval of, or enjoyment of, something posted on the Internet.

like /laɪ̯k/ /læ̙ːk/ /lɑːk/ /lɔɪ̯k/ preposition
jak
Similar to, reminiscent of
Such as

like /laɪ̯k/ /læ̙ːk/ /lɑːk/ /lɔɪ̯k/ v
lubić podobać
(obsolete) To have an appearance or expression; to look; to seem to be (in a specified condition).
nawidzieć się podobać się
To find attractive; to prefer the company of; to have mild romantic feelings for.
dać lajka lajkować
(Internet, transitive) To show support for, or approval of, something posted on the Internet by marking it with a vote.

like a bat out of hell
na złamanie karku

like a bull in a china shop adj
jak słoń w składzie porcelany
(simile) Clumsy, aggressive, without care, concern or self-control.

like a bull in a china shop adv
jak słoń w składzie porcelany
(simile) Clumsily, aggressively, without care, concern or self-control.

like a chicken with its head cut off
bez głowy
(informal) In a frantic, disorganized manner.

like a duck takes to water
jak ryba w wodzie
(simile, idiomatic) Very naturally; without effort.

like a moth to the flame
jak ćma do ognia
Inescapably allured by something harmful.

like clockwork
jak szwajcarski zegarek
(simile) With perfect regularity and precision; faultless.

like father, like son proverb
jaki ojciec, taki syn jakie drzewo, taki klin, jaki ojciec, taki syn
A son takes after his father.

like hell
jak cholera jak diabli
(intensifier) In a manner that uses all of the strength, speed, or effort that a person can summon.

like hot cakes
jak ciepłe bułeczki jak woda jak świeże bułeczki
(simile, colloquial) Quickly, especially by purchase or consumption.

like it or not adv
chcąc nie chcąc

like mother, like daughter proverb
jaka matka, taka córka jaka mać, taka nać
(idiom) A daughter takes after her mother.

like one's life depended on it
jakby od tego zależało życie
(idiomatic, simile) Desperately.

like talking to a wall
groch o ścianę
(idiom) A futile or unsuccessful attempt at communication due to the ignorance or stubbornness of the other party.

like that
w ten sposób tak w taki sposób
(adverbial) In such, the same, a similar way, in that particular manner

like turkeys voting for Christmas /laɪk ˌtɜːkiz ˈvəʊtɪŋ fə ˈkɹɪsməs/ /laɪk ˌtɝkiz ˈvoʊtɪŋ fɚ ˈkɹɪsməs/ [-ɾɪŋ-] phraseologicalUnit
podcinać gałąź, na której się siedzi
(Britain, simile, humorous, of an action) Self-defeating; serving to bring about a situation detrimental to the performer of the action. [from 1977]

like two peas in a pod
jak dwie krople wody
(simile, of two things) Very similar; a couple made for each other.

like water off a duck's back
jak woda po gęsi spływać jak po kaczce
(simile, colloquial, idiomatic) Without immediate or lasting effects.

likelihood /ˈlaɪklihʊd/ likelihoods n
prawdopodobieństwo wiarygodność
The probability of a specified outcome; the chance of something happening; probability; the state or degree of being probable.
podobieństwo
Likeness, resemblance.

likely /ˈlaɪkli/ likelier likeliest more likely most likely adj
prawdopodobny
Probable; having a greater-than-even chance of occurring.

liken /ˈlaɪk(ə)n/ /ˈlaɪkən/ v
porównać porównywać
Followed by to or (archaic) unto: to regard or state that (someone or something) is like another person or thing; to compare.

likewise /ˈlaɪkˌwaɪz/ adv
nawzajem wzajemnie
The same to you; used as a response.

lilac /ˈlaɪlæk/ /ˈlaɪlɑk/ /ˈlaɪlək/ lilacs n
lilak bez
A flower of the lilac shrub.
barwa liliowa lila
(color) A pale purple color, the color of some lilac flowers.

lilliputian /ˌlɪlɪˈpjuʃən/ lilliputians n
liliput liliputka
A very small person or being.

lilo /ˈlaɪləʊ/ lilos n
materac dmuchany
An inflatable air mattress.

lily /ˈlɪli/ lilies n
lilia lilija
Any of several flowers in the genus Lilium of the family Liliaceae, which includes a great many ornamental species.

lily of the valley lilies of the valley n
konwalia konwalia majowa
A flowering plant, Convallaria majalis, with richly fragrant pendant bells.

lima bean /ˈlaɪmə ˌbin/ /ˈlaɪmə ˌbiːn/ lima beans n
fasola półksiężycowata fasola limeńska
A plant of species Phaseolus lunatus or the bean it yields.

limaçon limaçons n
ślimak Pascala
(geometry) A plane curve with polar equation \rho = a + b\,\sin\,\theta or \rho = a + b\,\cos\,\theta, of which the cardioid is a special case.

limb /lɪm/ limbs n
kończyna odnoga
A major appendage of human or animal, used for locomotion (such as an arm, leg or wing).
tarcza
(astronomy) The apparent visual edge of a celestial body.

limb /lɪm/ v
gałąź rozczłonkowywać
(transitive) To remove the limbs from (an animal or tree).

limbo /ˈlɪmboʊ/ /ˈlɪmboː/ /ˈlɪmbəʊ/ limboes limbos n
otchłań
(Roman Catholicism, uncountable) The place, thought to be on the edge of the bottomless pit of Hell, where the souls of innocent deceased people exist temporarily until they can enter heaven, specifically those of the saints who died before the advent of Jesus Christ (who occupy the limbo patrum or limbo of the patriarchs or fathers) and those of unbaptized infants (who occupy the limbo infantum or limbo of the infants); (countable) the place where each category of souls exists, regarded separately. [from 15th c.]
próżnia
(countable, uncountable) Chiefly preceded by in: any in-between place, or condition or state, of neglect or oblivion which results in deadlock, delay, or some other unresolved status. [from mid 17th c.]

lime /laɪm/ adj
limonowy
Containing lime or lime juice.

lime /laɪm/ limes n
wapno
(chemistry) Any inorganic material containing calcium, usually calcium oxide (quicklime) or calcium hydroxide (slaked lime).
lima limeta limonka
Any of several green citrus fruit, somewhat smaller and sharper-tasting than a lemon.
lima
Any of the trees that bear limes, especially Key lime, Citrus aurantiifolia.
limonkowy żółtozielony
(uncountable) A brilliant, sometimes yellowish, green colour associated with the fruits of a lime tree.

lime /laɪm/ v
wapnowanie
(transitive) To treat with calcium hydroxide or calcium oxide (lime).

lime green more lime green most lime green adj
limonkowy
Having a bright, light-green colour, like that of a lime.

lime mortar lime mortars n
zaprawa wapienna
A soft form of mortar made from sand and slaked lime, largely replaced by cement mortar in modern building methods.

limekiln limekilns n
wapiennik
A furnace used to produce lime from limestone.

limeless adj
bezwapienny

limerick /ˈlɪm(ə)ɹɪk/ limericks n
limeryk
A humorous, often bawdy verse of five anapaestic lines, with the rhyme scheme aabba, and typically having an 8–8–5–5–8 cadence.

limestone /ˈlaɪmˌstoʊn/ /ˈlaɪmˌstəʊn/ limestones n
wapień wapienny
An abundant rock of marine and fresh-water sediments; primarily composed of calcite (CaCO3); it occurs in a variety of forms, both crystalline and amorphous.

limit /ˈlɪmt/ /ˈlɪmɪt/ limits n
limit
A restriction; a bound beyond which one may not go.
granica
(mathematics) A value to which a sequence converges. Equivalently, the common value of the upper limit and the lower limit of a sequence: if the upper and lower limits are different, then the sequence has no limit (i.e., does not converge).

limit /ˈlɪmt/ /ˈlɪmɪt/ v
ograniczać ograniczyć
(transitive) To restrict; not to allow to go beyond a certain bound, to set boundaries.

limit inferior limits inferior n
granica dolna

limit point limit points n
punkt skupienia
(topology) Given a subset S of a given topological space T, any point p whose every neighborhood contains some point, distinct from p, which belongs to S.

limit superior limits superior n
granica górna

limited /ˈlɪmɪtɪd/ more limited most limited adj
ograniczony
With certain (often specified) limits placed upon it.

limited company limited companies n
spółka kapitałowa
A company in which the liability of members or subscribers of the company is limited to what they have invested or guaranteed to the company.

limited liability limited liabilities n
ograniczona odpowiedzialność

limited liability company limited liability companies n
spółka z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością sp. z o.o. spółka z o.o.
(legal) A type or form of for-profit incorporated company where ownership is divided into shares, and where the governing rules are set forth in a contract entered into by all of the initial shareholders. The name derives from the fact that regardless of potential losses or even bankruptcy of the corporation, individual shareholders will bear a maximum liability of the price they paid for their shares.

limited partnership limited partnerships n
spółka komandytowa
(legal) A form of partnership including limited partners whose potential liability is limited to their investment.

limitless more limitless most limitless adj
bezkresny
Without limits in extent, size, or quantity; boundless.

limitlessly adv
bezbrzeżnie bezgranicznie bezkreśnie

limnology limnologies n
limnologia
(ecology) The science concerning the biological, physical and geological properties of fresh water bodies, especially lakes and ponds.

limousine /ˌlɪməˈziːn/ limousines n
limuzyna
A luxury sedan or saloon car, especially one with a lengthened wheelbase or driven by a chauffeur. [from 1930s]

limp /lɪmp/ limper limpest adj
bezwładny
physically weak

limp /lɪmp/ limps n
utykanie
An irregular, jerky or awkward gait.

limp /lɪmp/ v
utykać kuśtykać
(intransitive) To walk lamely, as if favouring one leg.

limply more limply most limply adv
bezwładnie

linchpin /ˈlɪnt͡ʃˌpɪn/ linchpins n
lon
A pin inserted through holes at the end of an axle or shaft, so as to secure a wheel or shaft-mounted device.

linden /ˈlɪn.dən/ lindens n
lipa
The soft wood of such trees.

line /laɪn/ /lɑɪn/ [lɑe̯n] lines n
krawędź
(graph theory) An edge of a graph.
linia
A path through two or more points (compare ‘segment’); a continuous mark, including as made by a pen; any path, curved or straight.
(music) One of the straight horizontal and parallel prolonged strokes on and between which the notes are placed.
The wire connecting one telegraphic station with another, a telephone or internet cable between two points: a telephone or network connection.
odcinek
(geometry, informal) A line segment; a continuous finite segment of such a figure.
prosta
(geometry) An infinitely extending one-dimensional figure that has no curvature; one that has length but not breadth or thickness.
lina
A rope, cord, string, or thread, of any thickness.
kolejka rząd metr miara szereg
A more-or-less straight sequence of people, objects, etc., either arranged as a queue or column and often waiting to be processed or dealt with, or arranged abreast of one another in a row (and contrasted with a column), as in a military formation. [from mid-16th c.]
kwestia lina wers wiersz
A written or printed row of letters, words, numbers, or other text, especially a row of words extending across a page or column, or a blank in place of such text.
wers
A verse (in poetry).

line /laɪn/ /lɑɪn/ [lɑe̯n] v
wypełniać wyściełać
(transitive) To cover the inner surface of (something), originally especially with linen.

line of credit lines of credit n
linia kredytowa
(finance, banking) A credit facility under which a bank or other lender agrees to provide a client with loans of money up to an approved limit during a predefined period. The client may borrow the entire credit amount all at once or in portions during the specified period.

line of sight lines of sight n
linia wzroku
A straight line along which an observer has a clear view.

line segment line segments n
odcinek
(geometry) A part of a straight line bounded by two points.

lineage /ˈlɪn.i.ɪd͡ʒ/ lineages n
rodowód
Descent in a line from a common progenitor; progeny; descending line of offspring or ascending line of parentage.

linear /ˈlɪn.i.ə/ /ˈlɪn.i.ɚ/ more linear most linear adj
linearny liniowy
Having the form of a line; straight or roughly straight; following a direct course.
Of or relating to lines.
(mathematics) (of polynomials or polynomial equations)
(physics) A type of length measurement involving only one spatial dimension (as opposed to area or volume).

linear algebra n
algebra liniowa
(mathematics) The branch of mathematics that deals with vectors, vector spaces, linear transformations and systems of linear equations.

linear function linear functions n
funkcja liniowa

linear perspective linear perspectives n
perspektywa linearna
(arts) A form of geometric perspective in which parallel lines are represented as converging in order to give the illusion of depth and distance.

lined antshrike lined antshrikes n
chronka rdzawogrzbieta
a passerine bird of the antbird family, Thamnophilus palliatus

linen /ˈlɪnɪn/ linens n
płótno bielizna bielizna osobista bielizna pościelowa bielizna stołowa lniany
(uncountable) Thread or cloth made from flax fiber.
bielizna bielizna osobista bielizna pościelowa bielizna stołowa
(countable) Domestic textiles, such as tablecloths, bedding, towels, underclothes, etc., that are made of linen or linen-like fabrics of cotton or other fibers; linens.
A light beige colour, like that of linen cloth undyed.

linen basket linen baskets n
kosz na brudną bieliznę
A laundry basket.

linen closet linen closets n
bieliźniarka
A shelved closet or cupboard used for the storage of household linen, particularly bedlinen and associated bedding, but also bathroom and kitchen linen (towels, etc.).

lingam massage lingam massages n
masaż lingam
A tantric massage mainly focusing on the male genitalia.

lingerie /-ɹi/ /ˈlæn.ʒə.ɹi/ /ˈlɑn.ʒə.ɹi/ /ˈlɔ̃.(d)ʒə.ɹæɪ/ /ˌlɑn.ʒəˈɹeɪ/ /ˌlɔn.(d)ʒəˈɹæɪ/ lingeries n
bielizna (damska) odzież nocna
Underwear or nightclothes, especially when lacy or designed to be seductive.

lingo /ˈliŋ.ɡoʊ/ /ˈlɪŋ.ɡəʊ/ lingoes lingos n
narzecze żargon
(informal) Language, especially language peculiar to a particular group, field, or region; jargon or a dialect.

lingonberry lingonberries n
borówka brusznica brusznica borówka czerwona
The berry of this shrub.

lingua franca /ˈlɪŋ.ɡwə ˈfɹæŋ.kə/ lingua francas linguae francae linguas franca lingue franche n
lingua franca
A common language used by people of diverse backgrounds to communicate with one another, often a basic form of speech with simplified grammar, particularly, one not the first language of any of its speakers.

lingual /ˈlɪŋ.ɡju.əl/ /ˈlɪŋ.ɡwəl/ adj
językowy
(anatomy, dentistry, relational) Related to, near, or on the side toward the tongue.

linguicism linguicisms n
lingwicyzm
The unfair treatment of an individual or community based on their use of language.

linguine /lɪŋˈɡwini/ /lɪŋˈɡwiːnɪ/ linguines n
linguine
Ribbons of pasta, cut from a sheet, not as wide as tagliatelle.

linguist /ˈlɪŋɡwɪst/ linguists n
językoznawca lingwista językoznawczyni lingwistka
One who studies linguistics.
lingwista lingwistka poliglota poliglotka
A person skilled in languages.

linguistic /lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk/ adj
językowy lingwistyczny
Of or relating to language.
lingwistyczny językoznawczy
Of or relating to linguistics.

linguistically /lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk(ə)li/ more linguistically most linguistically adv
językoznawczo lingwistycznie
From a linguistic perspective.

linguistics /liŋˈɡwɪstɪks/ /lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪks/ n
językoznawstwo lingwistyka glotologia glottologia
The systematic and scholarly study of language.

lining /ˈlaɪnɪŋ/ linings n
podszewka
The material used for such a covering.

link /lɪŋk/ links n
ogniwo
(kinematics) Any one of the several elementary pieces of a mechanism, such as the fixed frame, or a rod, wheel, mass of confined liquid, etc., by which relative motion of other parts is produced and constrained.
(chemistry) A bond of affinity, or a unit of valence between atoms; applied to a unit of chemical force or attraction.
link odnośnik odsyłacz hiperłącze łącze
(engineering) Any intermediate rod or piece for transmitting force or motion, especially a short connecting rod with a bearing at each end; specifically (in steam engines) the slotted bar, or connecting piece, to the opposite ends of which the eccentric rods are jointed, and by means of which the movement of the valve is varied, in a link motion.

link spam link spams n
spam linkami
(SEO) Links added to a web page for the purpose of spamdexing.

linker /ˈlɪŋkə/ /ˈlɪŋkɚ/ linkers n
konsolidator linker
(compilation) A computer program that takes one or more objects generated by compilers and assembles them into a single executable program.

linnet /ˈlɪnɪt/ linnets n
makolągwa
A small passerine bird, the common linnet (Linaria cannabina, syn. Carduelis cannabina), in the finch family Fringillidae, native to Europe, western Asia, and north Africa.

linocut /ˈlaɪnoʊˌkət/ /ˈlʌɪnəʊkʌt/ linocuts n
linoryt
(art, printing) A type of woodcut in which a block of linoleum is used for the relief surface; the design cut into the block.

linoleum /lɪˈnoʊli.əm/ /lɪˈnəʊli.əm/ linoleums n
linoleum
An inexpensive waterproof covering used especially for floors, made from solidified linseed oil over a burlap or canvas backing, or from its modern replacement, polyvinyl chloride.

linseed /ˈlɪnsiːd/ linseeds n
siemię lniane
The seed of the flax plant, which yields linseed oil.

linstock linstocks n
lontownica
(historical) A pointed forked staff, shod with iron at the foot, to hold a lighted match for firing cannon.

lintel /ˈlɪn.təl/ lintels n
nadproże
(architectural element) A horizontal structural beam spanning an opening, such as between the uprights of a door or a window, and which supports the wall above.

lion /ˈlaɪən/ lion lioness lions n
lew
A big cat, Panthera leo, native to Africa, India and formerly much of Europe.
(in particular) A male lion, as opposed to a lioness.
(by extension) Any of various extant and extinct big cats, especially the mountain lion.
A Chinese foo dog.
An individual who shows strength and courage, attributes associated with the lion.
A famous person regarded with interest and curiosity.
A light brown color that resembles the fur of a lion.
(historical) An old Scottish coin, with a lion on the obverse, worth 74 shillings.

lion cub lion cubs n
lwiątko lwię
(male or female) A young lion

lion dance lion dances n
taniec lwów
A traditional Chinese dance where performers mimic a lion's movements in a lion costume.

lion's den lions' dens n
w paszczy lwa
(idiomatic) Any dangerous or frightening place.

lion's share /ˈlaɪ.əns ʃɛə/ /ˈlaɪ.ənz ʃɛ(ə)ɹ/ lion's shares lions' shares n
lwia część
(idiomatic) The majority; a large or generous portion.

lioness /ˈlaɪ.ə.nɛs/ /ˈlaɪ.ə.nɪs/ lion lionesses n
lwica
A female lion (animal).

lip /lɪp/ lips n
warga
(countable) Either of the two fleshy protrusions around the opening of the mouth.
(countable) A part of the body that resembles a lip, such as the edge of a wound or the labia.

lip balm lip balms n
pomadka
A substance topically applied to the lips of the mouth to relieve chapped or dry lips, angular cheilitis or stomatitis, and cold sores.

lip gloss lip glosses n
błyszczek błyszczyk
A cosmetic product applied to the lips to make them look shinier.

lip sync n
playback
(music, singing) The synchronization of prerecorded audio signals and movement of the lips such that there is no lack of simultaneity between them.

lip-sync v
śpiewać z playbacku
(music, singing) To move lips in synchronization with sounds (generally recorded) so it appears they are the source of the sounds.

lip-syncing n
playback
The act of lip-syncing

lipase lipases n
lipaza
(enzyme) Any of a group of enzymes which catalyses the hydrolysis of lipids.

lipid /ˈlɪpɪd/ lipids n
lipid lipoid
(organic compound) Any of a group of organic compounds including the fats, oils, waxes, sterols, and triglycerides. Lipids are characterized by being insoluble in water, and account for most of the fat present in the human body.

lipidic adj
lipidowy
Of or pertaining to the lipids.

lipo- prefix
lipo-

lipodystrophy lipodystrophies n
lipodystrofia
(pathology) A disorder characterized by abnormal or degenerative conditions of the body's adipose tissue.

lipoma lipomas lipomata n
tłuszczak
(pathology) A nonmalignant tumor comprising fat cells.

liposuction /ˈlai.poʊ.ˌsʌk.ʃn̩/ liposuctions n
liposukcja
(medicine) A cosmetic surgery procedure in which excess fat is removed from a specific area by suction.

lippy /ˈlɪpi/ /ˈlɪpɪ/ lippier lippiest adj
pyskaty
(informal) Having a tendency to talk back in a cheeky or impertinent manner.

lipstick /ˈlɪpˌstɪk/ lipsticks n
szminka barwidło
(uncountable) Makeup for the lips.
szminka
(countable) A stick of this makeup.

liquefied natural gas n
skroplony gaz ziemny
(petrochemistry) Natural gas that has been cooled and compressed to liquid form for transport and storage.

liqueur /lɪˈk(j)ɔɹ/ /lɪˈk(j)ɝ/ /lɪˈkjuɹ/ /lɪˈkjɔː/ /lɪˈkjʊə/ liqueurs n
likier
A flavoured alcoholic beverage that is usually very sweet and contains a high percentage of alcohol.

liquid /ˈlɪkwɪd/ more liquid most liquid adj
ciekły płynny
Flowing freely like water; fluid; not solid and not gaseous; composed of particles that move freely among each other on the slightest pressure.
płynny
(finance, of an asset) Easily sold or disposed of without losing value.
(finance, of a market) Having sufficient trading activity to make buying or selling easy.

liquid /ˈlɪkwɪd/ liquids n
ciecz płyn
A substance that is flowing, and keeping no shape, such as water; a substance of which the molecules, while not tending to separate from one another like those of a gas, readily change their relative position, and which therefore retains no definite shape, except that determined by the containing receptacle; an inelastic fluid.

liquid crystal liquid crystals n
ciekły kryształ
(chemistry, physics) A phase of matter similar to a liquid, in which the molecules are arranged regularly in one or two dimensions.

liquidate /ˈlɪkwədeɪt/ /ˈlɪkwɪdeɪt/ v
likwidować
(transitive) To convert (assets) into cash; to redeem.
(transitive) to kill, destroy, eliminate (mostly for political or ideological reasons)

liquidation /ˌlɪkwəˈdeɪʃən/ liquidations n
likwidacja spieniężenie sprzedanie upłynnienie zbycie
The selling of the assets of a business as part of the process of dissolving the business.
likwidacja
(euphemism) Murder of dehumanized victims.

liquidator liquidators n
likwidator
One who liquidates.

liquidity /lɪkˈwɪdəti/ liquidities n
płynność
(uncountable) The state or property of being liquid.
(economics, countable) An asset's property of being able to be sold without affecting its value; the degree to which it can be easily converted into cash.
(finance) Availability of cash over short term: ability to service short-term debt.

liquor /ˈlɪk.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈlɪk.ɚ/ liquors n
bulion
A liquid obtained by cooking meat or vegetables (or both).
trunek
(chiefly, US, Canada, Australia) Strong alcoholic drink derived from fermentation and distillation; more broadly, any alcoholic drink.

liquor store liquor stores n
monopolowy sklep monopolowy
(US, Canada) A shop that sells alcoholic beverages to be drunk off the premises.

lira /ˈlɪəɹə/ liras lirot liroth n
lira lir
The former currency of Israel, superseded by the sheqel.

lisp /lɪl͡sp/ /lɪsp/ /lɪθp/ lisps n
seplenienie sygmatyzm
The habit or an act of lisping.

lisp /lɪl͡sp/ /lɪsp/ /lɪθp/ v
seplenić
To pronounce the consonant ‘s’ imperfectly; to give ‘s’ and ‘z’ the sounds of ‘th’ (/θ/, /ð/). This is a speech impediment common among children.

lissencephaly /ˌlɪs.ɛnˈsɛf.əl.i/ n
bezzakrętowość
(anatomy, neurology) The condition of having a smooth appearance on the surface of the brain.

list /lɪst/ lists n
krajka
A strip of fabric, especially from the edge of a piece of cloth.
przechył
(nautical) A careening or tilting to one side, usually not intentionally or under a vessel's own power. [from early 17th c.]
lista spis
A register or roll of paper consisting of a compilation or enumeration of a set of possible items; the compilation or enumeration itself. [from 1600]
lista
(computing, programming) A codified representation of a list used to store data or in processing; especially, in the Lisp programming language, a data structure consisting of a sequence of zero or more items.

list /lɪst/ v
spisać katalogować skatalogować spisywać wymieniać wymienić
(transitive) To create or recite a list.
(transitive) To cover with list, or with strips of cloth; to put list on; to stripe as if with list.
słuchać słyszeć
(intransitive, poetic) To listen.
(transitive, poetic) To listen to.
podobać się życzyć sobie
(transitive, archaic) To desire, like, or wish (to do something).
podobać się
(transitive, archaic) To be pleasing to.

list price list prices n
cena katalogowa
(business) The retail selling price of an item, as recommended by the manufacturer or retail distributor, or as listed in a catalog.

listen /ˈlɪs.ən/ [ˈlɪs.n̩] v
słuchać nasłuchiwać wysłuchać
To use one's sense of hearing in an intentional way; to make deliberate use of one's ears; to pay attention to or wait for a specific sound.
słuchać usłuchać
(intransitive) To accept advice or obey instruction; to agree or assent.

listen in v
podsłuchiwać
To eavesdrop; to listen secretly.

listen with half an ear v
słuchać jednym uchem

listener /ˈlɪs(ə)nə/ /ˈlɪs(ə)nɚ/ listeners n
słuchacz słuchaczka
Someone who listens, especially to a speech or a broadcast.

listening comprehension n
rozumienie ze słuchu
The ability to understand spoken language.

listless /ˈlɪstləs/ more listless most listless adj
apatyczny obojętny tępy śnięty
Lacking energy, enthusiasm, or liveliness.

listlessness listlessnesses n
anemiczność
The state of being listless; apathetic indifference; lethargy.

litany /ˈlɪtəni/ litanies n
litania
A ritual liturgical prayer in which a series of prayers recited by a leader are alternated with responses from the congregation.
(figurative) A prolonged or tedious list.

litas /ˈlɪtæs/ litai litų n
lit
The former currency or money of Lithuania, divided into 100 centai.

lite /laɪt/ adj
lekki
Light in composition, notably low in fat, calories etc. Most commonly used commercially.

literacy /ˈlɪtəɹəsi/ /ˈlɪtɹəsi/ [-ɾ(ə)ɹə-] literacies n
alfabetyzm piśmienność
The ability to read and write.

literal /ˈlɪt(ə)ɹəl/ /ˈlɪɾəɹəl/ more literal most literal adj
dosłowny literalny
Exactly as stated; read or understood without additional interpretation; according to the letter or verbal expression; real; not figurative or metaphorical, and etymonic rather than idiomatic.
dosłowny
Following the letter or exact words; not free; not taking liberties

literal /ˈlɪt(ə)ɹəl/ /ˈlɪɾəɹəl/ literals n
literał
(programming) A value, as opposed to an identifier, written into the source code of a computer program.

literalism literalisms n
dosłowność
Literal interpretation or understanding; adherence to the exact letter or precise significance, as in interpreting or translating.

literally /ˈlɪtəɹəli/ /ˈlɪtɹəli/ more literally most literally adv
dosłownie
Word for word; not figuratively; not as an idiom or metaphor.

literary /ˈlɪt(ə)ɹi/ /ˈlɪtəɹəɹi/ /ˈlɪtəɹɛ(ə)ɹi/ [ˈɫɪɾəɹɛ(ə)ɹi] more literary most literary adj
literacki
Relating to literature.
Relating to writers, or the profession of literature.
książkowy
Appropriate to literature rather than everyday writing.

literary agent literary agents n
agent agentka
A person who represents writers and their written works to publishers and film producers and assists in the sale and deal negotiation of the same.

literary language n
język literacki
(literature) A register of a language that is used in literary writing.
(sociolinguistics, Slavistics) A language variety used as an institutional norm in a community, opposed to vernacular dialects; a standard language.

literary science n
literaturoznawstwo
In many European countries, all kinds of scientific study pertinent to literature, including history of literature, literary criticism, comparative literature, and literary theory.

literate /ˈlɪtəɹət/ more literate most literate adj
piśmienny
Able to read and write; having literacy.
oczytany
Knowledgeable in literature, writing; literary; well-read.

literature /ˈlɪt.ə.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈlɪt.ə.ɹə.t͡ʃə(ɹ)/ /ˈlɪt.ɚ.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈlɪt.ɚ.ə.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈlɪt.ɹə.t͡ʃə(ɹ)/ /ˈlɪt.ɹə.t͡ʃɚ/ [ˈlɪt͡ʃ.ɹə.t͡ʃɚ] [ˈlɪɾ.ɚ.ə.t͡ʃɚ] literatures n
literatura
The body of all written works.
The collected creative writing of a nation, people, group, or culture.
(usually preceded by the) All the papers, treatises, etc. published in academic journals on a particular subject.

lithic /ˈlɪθɪk/ adj
litowy
(inorganic chemistry) Relating to lithium

lithium /ˈlɪθi.əm/ lithiums n
lit
(uncountable) The simplest alkali metal, the lightest solid element, and the third lightest chemical element (symbol Li) with an atomic number of 3. It is a soft, silvery metal.

lithium aluminium hydride n
tetrahydroglinian litu
(inorganic compound) LiAlH4, a powerful reducing agent with many applications in organic chemistry; contains the aluminohydride anion AlH4-.

lithium carbonate n
węglan litu
(organic compound) The lithium salt of carbonic acid, Li2CO3, used in the manufacture of glass and ceramics, and medically, in the treatment of bipolar disorder.

lithograph /ˈlɪθəɡɹæf/ /ˈlɪθəɡɹɑːf/ lithographs n
litografia
A printed image produced by lithography.

lithographer lithographers n
litograf
A person who makes lithographs, who does lithography.

lithographic adj
litograficzny
(printing) Related to the method of lithography.

lithography /lɪθˈɒɡɹəfi/ lithographies n
litografia
The process of printing an image by drawing the image with a water-repellent material onto a hard, flat surface (typically metal), then copying the surface by applying water and ink (or the equivalent) to it and pressing another material against it. [from 1813]

lithosphere lithospheres n
litosfera
(geology) The rigid, mechanically strong, outer layer of the Earth; divided into twelve major plates.

lithotripsy /ˈlɪθ.əˌtɹɪp.si/ lithotripsies n
litotrypsja
(surgery) A treatment, typically using ultrasound shock waves or crushing with a surgical instrument, by which a kidney stone or similar calculus is broken into particles small enough to be voided or washed out.

litigate /ˈlɪtɪɡeɪt/ v
procesować się sądzić się
(intransitive, construed with on) To go to law; to carry on a lawsuit.

litmus /ˈlɪtməs/ litmuses n
lakmus
(uncountable) A dyestuff extracted from certain lichens, that changes color when exposed to pH levels greater than or less than certain critical levels.

litmus paper litmus papers n
papierek lakmusowy

litotes /laɪˈtəʊ.tiːz/ litotes n
litotes litota
(rhetoric) A figure of speech whereby something is stated by denying its opposite, particularly the negation of a negative quality to say something positive.

litre /ˈli.tɚ/ /ˈliː.tə/ [ˈli.ɾɚ] litres n
litr
The metric unit of fluid measure, equal to one cubic decimetre. Symbols: l, L, ℓ

litreage litreages n
litraż
An amount measured in litres.

litter /ˈlɪtə(ɹ)/ /ˈlɪtɚ/ [ˈlɪɾɚ] litters n
lektyka
(countable) A platform mounted on two shafts, or a more elaborate construction, designed to be carried by two (or more) people to transport one (in luxury models sometimes more) third person(s) or (occasionally in the elaborate version) a cargo, such as a religious idol.
miot
(collective, countable) The offspring of a mammal born in one birth.
ściółka
(uncountable) Material used as bedding for animals.
(uncountable) Layer of fallen leaves and similar organic matter in a forest floor.
śmieci
(uncountable) Collectively, items discarded on the ground.
ściółka żwirek
(uncountable) Absorbent material used in an animal's litter tray

litter /ˈlɪtə(ɹ)/ /ˈlɪtɚ/ [ˈlɪɾɚ] v
naśmiecić śmiecić świntuszyć
(intransitive) To drop or throw trash without properly disposing of it (as discarding in public areas rather than trash receptacles).

litter box litter boxes n
kuweta kuweta dla kota
A box used to provide a soiling area for (usually) pet cats, generally filled with kitty litter, sand, clay chips, etc.

little /ˈlɘtl̩/ /ˈlɪt(ə)l/ /ˈlɪtl̩/ [ˈlɪtʰɫ̩] [ˈlɪɾɫ̩] [ˈɫɪɾɫ̩] least less lesser littler littlest adj
mały
Small in size.

little /ˈlɘtl̩/ /ˈlɪt(ə)l/ /ˈlɪtl̩/ [ˈlɪtʰɫ̩] [ˈlɪɾɫ̩] [ˈɫɪɾɫ̩] least less lesser adv
mało
Not much.

little /ˈlɘtl̩/ /ˈlɪt(ə)l/ /ˈlɪtl̩/ [ˈlɪtʰɫ̩] [ˈlɪɾɫ̩] [ˈɫɪɾɫ̩] least less determiner
mało
Not much, only a little: only a small amount (of).

little auk little auks n
alczyk traczyk
A dovekie, a bird of the species Alle alle.

little black dress little black dresses n
mała czarna
A simply cut and often quite short evening or cocktail dress.

little boy little boys n
chłopczyk chłopaczek
A male child, especially one younger than ten years of age.
(AU, NZ) A small saveloy often consumed with tomato sauce at parties, also known as a cocktail sausage or a cheerio.

little bunting little buntings n
trznadelek
Emberiza pusilla, a passerine bird in the bunting family Emberizidae.

little bustard little bustards n
strepet
Tetrax tetrax, a migratory bird of the family Otididae (bustards) found in parts of Europe and Central Asia

little finger little fingers n
mały palec
The outermost and smallest finger of the hand, next to the ring finger, farthest from the thumb.

little girl little girls n
dziewczynka
A female child, especially one younger than ten years of age.

little green man /ˌlɘtɘl ˈɡɹin ˌmɛn/ /ˌlɪtəl ˈɡɹin ˌman/ /ˌlɪtəl ˈɡɹin ˌmæn/ [ˌlɘ.ɾɯ ˈɡɹɘ̯ĩm ˌmɛ̞̃n̆] [ˌlɪ.t͡ʔɫ̩ ˈɡɹɪ̃i̯m ˌmãn̆] [ˌlɪ.ɾɫ̩ ˈɡɹɪ̃i̯m ˌmɛ̃ə̯n̆] [ˌlɪ.ʔo-] little green men n
zielony ludzik ufoludek
(chiefly, science fiction) A conventional fictional alien from outer space in the form of a small humanoid with green skin.
zielony ludzik
(euphemistic, usually, in the plural) A soldier lacking identification as to create uncertainty around their allegiance (most notably seen with affiliation to the Russian Federation following associated campaigns 2014 in Ukraine).

little gull little gulls n
mewa mała
A small migratory gull, Larus minutus, from Northern Europe and Asia.

little hour little hours n
godzinki
(Christianity) One of the canonical hours of prime, terce, sext, nones, and usually compline, the services of which are shorter and considered less important than the three major hours of matins, lauds, and vespers.

little one little ones n
bączek bąk
A young child.
A term of endearment, especially toward a child.

little owl /ˈlɪtəl ˌaʊl/ little owls n
pójdźka pójdźka zwyczajna
A species of small European owl, Athene noctua.

little person little people little persons n
osoba niskorosła
(euphemistic) A person with dwarfism, or short stature resulting from a medical condition.

little stint little stints n
biegus malutki
A type of sandpiper, (Calidris minuta)

little tern little terns n
rybitwa białoczelna
The seabird Sternula albifrons.

littoral /ˈlɪtəɹəl/ adj
litoralny
Of or relating to the shore, especially the seashore.

liturgical /lɪˈtɝd͡ʒɪkəl/ adj
liturgiczny
Pertaining to liturgy.

liturgy /ˈlɪtəd͡ʒi/ /ˈlɪtɚd͡ʒi/ liturgies n
liturgia
A predetermined or prescribed set of rituals that are performed, usually by a religion.

live /laɪv/ more live most live adj
żyw żywy
(only used attributively) Having life; that is alive.
(engineering) Imparting power; having motion.
live
(broadcasting) Being broadcast ("on the air"), as it happens.

live /laɪv/ more live most live adv
live na żywo
Of an event, as it happens; in real time; direct.

live /lɪv/ v
żyć
(intransitive) To be alive; to have life.
(transitive) To spend, as one's life; to pass; to maintain; to continue in, constantly or habitually.
mieszkać żyć
(intransitive) To have permanent residence somewhere, to inhabit, to reside.
przetrwać przeżyć
(intransitive) To survive; to persevere; to continue.

live and learn v
człowiek uczy się przez całe życie
An exhortation to gain knowledge from lived experiences. Commonly used after a misfortune to indicate a moral lesson.

live beyond one's means v
żyć ponad stan

live by the sword, die by the sword proverb
kto mieczem wojuje, ten od miecza ginie
One who uses violence can expect a violent response; it is better to try to use peaceful means wherever possible.

live one's best life v
żyć swoim najlepszym życiem

live one's own life v
żyć własnym życiem

live paycheck to paycheck /lɪv ˈpeɪtʃɛk tə ˈpeɪtʃɛk/ v
żyć od pierwszego do pierwszego
(US, idiomatic) To have the entirety of what one earns consumed by living expenses, thus having nothing left over to save; make just enough (money, etc.) to survive; to scratch by.

live under a rock v
nie być na bieżąco
(figurative) To be isolated from knowledge of current events.

live up v
spełnić oczekiwania
(intransitive, followed by to) To fulfil the expectations placed upon one.

livelihood /ˈlaɪvlihʊd/ /ˈlaɪvlɪhʊd/ livelihoods n
utrzymanie
A means of providing the necessities of life for oneself (for example, a job or income). [from 14th c.]

liveliness /ˈlaɪvlinəs/ livelinesses n
żwawość
The quality of being lively; animation; energy.

lively /ˈlaɪv.li/ livelier liveliest adj
pełen życia żywy
Full of life; energetic.

lively /ˈlaɪv.li/ more lively most lively adv
z życiem
Vibrantly, vividly.

liver /ˈlɪvə/ /ˈlɪvɚ/ livers n
wątroba
(anatomy) A large organ in the body that stores and metabolizes nutrients, destroys toxins and produces bile. It is responsible for thousands of biochemical reactions.
wątroba wątróbka
(countable, uncountable) This organ, as taken from animals used as food.

liver sausage liver sausages n
wątrobianka
Spreadable sausage made with liver.

liverish more liverish most liverish adj
niedysponowany
Not feeling well due to an upset digestive system; queasy.

livermorium /ˌlɪvəɹˈmɔːɹiəm/ n
liwermor
The chemical element with atomic number 116 (symbol Lv).

liverwort /ˈlɪv.ə.wɜːt/ /ˈlɪv.ɚ.wɔːɹt/ /ˈlɪv.ɚ.wɝːt/ liverworts n
wątrobowiec
A type of bryophyte with a leafy stem or leafless thallus characterized by a dominant gametophyte stage and a lack of stomata on the sporophyte stage of the life cycle.

liverwurst /ˈlɪvəwɜːst/ /ˈlɪvɚwɝst/ liverwursts n
wątrobianka
Spreadable sausage made with liver.

livery /ˈlɪ.və.ɹi/ /ˈlɪv.ɹi/ liveries n
liberia
Any distinctive identifying uniform worn by a group, such as the uniform worn by chauffeurs and male servants.
malowanie
The paint scheme of a vehicle or fleet of vehicles.

livestock /ˈlaɪvstɑk/ /ˈlaɪvstɒk/ livestocks n
dobytek inwentarz
Farm animals; animals domesticated for cultivation.

livid /ˈlɪvɪd/ livider lividest more livid most livid adj
wściekły
(informal) So angry that one turns pale; very angry; furious.

living /ˈlɪvɪŋ/ adj
żywy
Having life; alive.
In use or existing.

living /ˈlɪvɪŋ/ livings n
życie
(uncountable) The state of being alive.
A style of life.
środki do życia utrzymanie źródło utrzymania życie
Financial means; a means of maintaining life; livelihood

living conditions n
warunki bytowe warunki życia
The conditions in which someone lives, seen in terms of their sanitary value, social, status etc.

living dead n
żywe trupy
(fiction, usually with the) The undead; zombies, vampires, etc.

living fossil /ˈlɪvɪŋ ˈfɑsl̩/ /ˈlɪvɪŋ ˈfɒsl̩/ living fossils n
żywa skamielina żywa skamieniałość
(evolutionary theory) Any species discovered first as a fossil and believed extinct, but which is later found living; an organism that has remained unchanged over geological periods. [from 1859]

living language living languages n
żywy język
A language which is still spoken in the contemporary period, as opposed to a dead language.

living legend living legends n
żywa legenda
A person who is alive and has achieved legendary status.

living room /ˈlɪvɪŋ ɹuːm/ living rooms n
pokój dzienny duży pokój pokój gościnny salon
(countable) A room in a private house used for general social and leisure activities.

living thing living things n
żywa istota
An entity such as an animal, a plant, a fungus or a microorganism; something that lives, as opposed to being non-living or dead.

livor mortis n
plamy opadowe
(medicine) A settling of the blood in the lower portion of the body, causing a purplish red discoloration of the skin, typically occurring after death.

lixivium lixivia lixiviums n
ług
A solution of alkaline salts extracted from wood ashes.

lizard /ˈlɪz.əd/ /ˈlɪz.ɚd/ lizards n
jaszczurka
(chiefly, in attributive use) Lizard skin, the skin of these reptiles.

lizardlike more lizardlike most lizardlike adj
jaszczurczy
Like or resembling a lizard.

llama /ˈjɑmə/ /ˈlɑmə/ /ˈlɑː.mə/ llamas n
lama
A South American mammal of the camel family, Lama glama, used as a domestic beast of burden and a source of wool and meat.

lo /loʊ/ /ləʊ/ interjection
ot oto
(archaic) look, see, behold (in an imperative sense).

lo and behold interjection
patrzcie!
Used to express surprise.

loach /ˈləʊt͡ʃ/ loaches n
piskorz
A similar fish in one of three other families of Cypriniformes: Botiidae, Balitoridae, and Gyrinocheilidae.

load /loʊd/ /ləʊd/ loads n
ciężar obciążenie
A burden; a weight to be carried.
ładunek ładowność
A certain number of articles or quantity of material that can be transported or processed at one time.
mnóstwo
(often, in the plural, colloquial) A large number or amount.
nakład
The volume of work required to be performed.

load /loʊd/ /ləʊd/ v
ładować obciążać
(transitive) To put a load on or in (a means of conveyance or a place of storage).
załadować ładować
(transitive) To fill (a firearm or artillery) with munition.
załadować wczytać
(transitive, computing) To read (data or a program) from a storage medium into computer memory.
(intransitive, computing) To transfer from a storage medium into computer memory.

loaded /ˈloʊdɪd/ /ˈləʊdɪd/ more loaded most loaded adj
arcybogaty nabity przebogaty
(of a projectile weapon) Having a live round of ammunition in the chamber.
arcybogaty przebogaty
(colloquial) Possessing great wealth.
(slang) Drunk.

loaded for bear adj
uzbrojony po zęby
(idiomatic) Thoroughly equipped, as for a demanding task or confrontation.

loaf /loʊf/ /ləʊf/ loaves n
bochenek bochen
(also loaf of bread) A block of bread after baking.

loaf /loʊf/ /ləʊf/ v
bimbać przebimbać
(intransitive) To do nothing, to be idle.

loafer /ˈloʊfɚ/ /ˈləʊfə/ loafers n
arcyleń leń loafersy
An idle person.
loafersy
A shoe with no laces, resembling a moccasin.

loaflike more loaflike most loaflike adj
bochenkowaty

loam /loʊm/ /lum/ /ləʊm/ /lʊm/ loams n
glina zwykła ił
(geology) A type of soil; an earthy mixture of sand, silt and clay, with organic matter to which its fertility is chiefly due.

loan /loʊn/ /ləʊn/ loans n
pożyczka kredyt
(law, banking, finance) A sum of money or other property that a natural or legal person borrows from another with the condition that it be returned or repaid over time or at a later date (sometimes with interest).

loan /loʊn/ /ləʊn/ v
pożyczać
(usually, _, ditransitive, US, dated, _, and) To lend (something) to (someone).

loan shark loan sharks n
lichwiarz lichwiarka
Someone who lends money at exorbitant rates of interest.

loanword /ˈloʊnˌwɝd/ /ˈləʊnˌwɜː(ɹ)d/ loanwords n
zapożyczenie
A word directly taken into one language from another one with little or no adaptation.

loathe /ˈloʊð/ /ˈləʊð/ v
nienawidzić gardzić
(transitive) To detest, hate, or revile (someone or something).

lobby /lɑbi/ /lɒbi/ lobbies n
foyer hall hol korytarz przedpokój przedsionek
An entryway or reception area; vestibule; passageway; corridor.
lobby
(politics) A class or group of interested people who try to influence public officials; collectively, lobbyists.

lobby /lɑbi/ /lɒbi/ v
lobbować
(intransitive, transitive) To attempt to influence (a public official or decision-maker) in favor of a specific opinion or cause.

lobbyist /ˈlɑ.bi.ɪst/ /ˈlɒ.bi.ɪst/ lobbyists n
lobbysta lobbista
A person who is paid to lobby politicians and encourage them to vote a certain way or otherwise use their office to effect a desired result.

lobe /ləʊb/ lobes n
płat
Any projection or division, especially one of a somewhat rounded form. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]
(anatomy) A clear division of an organ that can be determined at the gross anatomy level, especially one of the parts of the brain, liver or lung. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

lobelia /loʊˈbiːliə/ lobelias n
lobelia
A member of the genus Lobelia, flowering plants in the Lobelioideae subfamily of family Campanulaceae, containing many species, some of which are garden plants.

lobotomy /ləˈbɑː.ɾə.mi/ /ləˈbɒt.ə.mi/ lobotomies n
lobotomia
A surgical operation on the frontal lobe of the brain intent on treating certain mental illnesses.

lobster /ˈlɑb.stɚ/ /ˈlɒb.stə/ lobsters n
homar
A crustacean of the Nephropidae family, dark green or blue-black in colour turning bright red when cooked, with a hard shell and claws, which is used as a seafood.
A crustacean of the Palinuridae family, pinkish red in colour, with a hard, spiny shell but no claws, which is used as a seafood.

local /ˈloʊkl̩/ /ˈləʊkl̩/ more local most local adj
lokalny
(computing, of a resource) Connected directly to a particular computer, processor, etc.; able to be accessed offline.
(algebra, algebraic geometry, of a property P of a ring R (or an R-module M)) Such that the following conditions are equivalent: (1) P holds for R (M); (2) P holds for the localization R_\mathfrak{p} (M_\mathfrak{p}) for all prime ideals \mathfrak{p} of R; (3) P holds for the localization R_\mathfrak{m} (M_\mathfrak{m}) for all maximal ideals \mathfrak{m} of R.
lokalny miejscowy
(computing, of a variable or identifier) Having limited scope (either lexical or dynamic); only accessible within a certain portion of a program.
(medicine) Of or pertaining to a restricted part of an organism.
lokalny miejscowy tutejszy
(group theory, of a property of a finite group) Detectable from the behavior of the normalizers of the nontrivial p-subgroups.

local /ˈloʊkl̩/ /ˈləʊkl̩/ locals n
miejscowa miejscowy tutejsza tutejszy
A person who lives near a given place.

local derby local derbies n
derby
A sports match between local rival teams.

local government local governments n
samorząd
Any form of government whose remit covers an area less than that of the nation and, in some cases, less than that of a state.

local loop local loops n
lokalna pętla abonencka

local maximum local maxima local maximums n
maksimum lokalne
(mathematics) A maximum within a restricted domain; a point on a function whose value is greater than the values of all other points near it, especially if another local maximum of greater value is known to exist.

local minimum local minima local minimums n
minimum lokalne
(mathematics) A point on a graph (or its associated function) whose value is less than all other points near it.

locality /loʊˈkæl.ɪ.ti/ /ləʊˈkæl.ɪ.ti/ localities n
lokalność
(uncountable, maths, computing) The condition of being local.
sąsiedztwo
An area or district considered as the site of certain activities; a neighbourhood.
miejscowość
(geography) A built-up area, i.e. a city, town or village

locally /ˈləʊkəli/ more locally most locally adv
lokalnie
With respect to place; in place.

locally compact adj
lokalnie zwarty

locate /loʊˈkeɪt/ /ləʊˈkeɪt/ /ləˈkeɪt/ /ˈloʊkeɪt/ v
lokalizować namierzać
(transitive) To designate the site or place of; to define the limits of (Note: the designation may be purely descriptive: it need not be prescriptive.)

location /loʊˈkeɪʃən/ /ləʊˈkeɪʃən/ locations n
miejsce położenie lokalizacja
A particular point or place in physical space.
lokacja
An act of locating.

locative case locative cases n
miejscownik
(linguistics, grammar) A case used to indicate place, or the place where, or wherein; corresponding roughly to the English prepositions "in", "on", "at", and "by".

lock /lɑk/ /lɒk/ locks n
zamek
Something used for fastening, which can only be opened with a key or combination.
(computing, by extension) A mutex or other token restricting access to a resource.
kędzior
A tuft or length of hair, wool, etc.
śluza
A segment of a canal or other waterway enclosed by gates, used for raising and lowering boats between levels.
zamek śluza
A fastening together or interlacing; a closing of one thing upon another; a state of being fixed or immovable.

lock /lɑk/ /lɒk/ v
zamykać na klucz zakluczyć zamknąć
(transitive) To fasten with a lock.

lockdown /ˈlɑkˌdaʊn/ /ˈlɒkˌdaʊn/ lockdowns n
lockdown
The confinement of people in their own rooms (e.g., in a school) or cells (in a prison), or to their own homes or areas (e.g., in the case of a city- or nation-wide issue) as a security measure after or amid a disturbance or as a non-pharmaceutical intervention in a pandemic.

locked /lɑkt/ /lɒkt/ adj
zakluczony zamknięty
Having undergone locking; secured by a lock.
(computing) Protected by a mutex or other token restricting access to a resource.

locker /ˈlɑ.kɚ/ /ˈlɒk.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈlɔk.ə(ɹ)/ lockers n
bakista
A type of storage compartment with a lock, usually used to store personal possessions for public use, such as in schools, railway stations, place of work, gyms, sports centers.
A storage compartment on a ship, not necessarily one that can be locked.

locket /ˈlɑkɪt/ /ˈlɒkɪt/ lockets n
medalion
A pendant that opens to reveal a space used for storing a photograph or other small item.
(archaic) The upper metallic cap of a sword’s scabbard.

lockjaw lockjaws n
tężec
(pathology) A spasmodic, nervous system disease brought on by the tetanus bacteria. It causes muscles to seize up and may cause death by suffocation.

lockkeeper lockkeepers n
dozorca śluzy
The person assigned to look after a canal or river lock, operating it and organizing its maintenance.

lockout lockouts n
lockout
(labor) The opposite of a strike; a labor disruption where management refuses to allow workers into a plant to work even if they are willing.

locksmith /ˈlɑksmɪθ/ /ˈlɒksmɪθ/ locksmiths n
ślusarz
one who practices locksmithing

locomotive /ˌloʊkəˈmoʊtiv/ /ˌləʊkəʊˈməʊtiv/ locomotives n
lokomotywa
(rail transport) The power unit of a train that pulls the coaches or wagons.

locoweed locoweeds n
ostrołódka
Any of several plants indigenous to the western United States, of genus Oxytropis or Astragalus.

locust /ˈloʊ.kəst/ /ˈləʊ.kəst/ locusts n
szarańcza
Any of various often leguminous trees and shrubs, especially of the genera Robinia and Gleditsia; the locust tree. [from 17th c.]

locution /loʊ̯ˈkju.ʃn̩/ locutions n
lokucja
A phrase or expression connected to an individual or a group of individuals through repeated usage.
The use of a word or phrase in an unusual or specialized way.

lode /loʊd/ /ləʉd/ /ləʊd/ lodes n
żyła
(mining) A vein of metallic ore that lies within definite boundaries, or within a fissure.

lodestar /ˈloʊd.stɑɹ/ /ˈləʉd.staː(ɹ)/ /ˈləʊd.stɑː(ɹ)/ lodestars n
gwiazda polarna gwiazda przewodnia
A star used as a navigation reference, particularly a pole star such as Polaris.
gwiazda przewodnia
(figurative) A guiding tenet or principle.

lodge /lɑd͡ʒ/ /lɒd͡ʒ/ lodges n
portiernia
Short for porter's lodge: a building or room near the entrance of an estate or building, especially (UK, Canada) as a college mailroom.
żeremie
A beaver's shelter constructed on a pond or lake.

lodging /ˈlɑd͡ʒɪŋ/ /ˈlɒd͡ʒɪŋ/ lodgings n
nocleg kwatera lokum
A place to live or lodge.

loess /lɛs/ /lɜːs/ /lʌs/ /ˈloʊ.əs/ /ˈləʊɪs/ loesses n
less
(geology) Any sediment, dominated by silt, of eolian (wind-blown) origin

loft /lɑft/ /lɒft/ /lɔft/ lofts n
poddasze strych
An attic or similar space (often used for storage) in the roof of a house or other building.

lofty /ˈlɑfti/ /ˈlɒfti/ /ˈlɔːfti/ loftier loftiest adj
wysoki
high, tall, having great height or stature
szczytny wzniosły
idealistic, implying over-optimism

log /lɑɡ/ /lɒɡ/ /lɔɡ/ logs n
kłoda
The trunk of a dead tree, cleared of branches.
polano bierwiono kloc kłoda
Any bulky piece as cut from the above, used as timber, fuel etc.
(vulgar) A piece of feces.
log
A chronological record of actions, performances, computer/network usage, etc.
(computer science) Specifically, an append-only sequence of records written to file.

log in v
zalogować się
(computing, transitive, intransitive) To gain access to a computer system, usually by providing a previously registered username and password.

log out v
wylogować się wylogowywać się
(computing) To exit a user account in a computer system, so that one is not recognized until signing in again.

logarithm /ˈlɑ.ɡə.ɹɪ.ð(ə)m/ /ˈlɑɡ.ə.ɹɪðm/ /ˈlɑɡ.əɹ.ɹɪðm/ /ˈlɑɡəɹ.ɹɪ.ðəm/ logarithms n
logarytm
(mathematics) For a number x, the power to which a given base number must be raised in order to obtain x. Written \log_b x. For example, \log_{10} 1000 = 3 because 10^3 = 1000 and \log_2 16 = 4 because 2^4 = 16.

logarithmic /ˌlɒɡəˈɹɪðmɪk/ adj
logarytmiczny
(mathematics) Of or relating to logarithms.

logbook /ˈlɑɡ.bʊk/ /ˈlɔɡ.bʊk/ logbooks n
dziennik pokładowy
(nautical) A book in which measurements from the ship's log are recorded, along with other salient details of the voyage.
dziennik podróży
(by extension) A book in which events are recorded; a journal, especially of travel.
dowód rejestracyjny
(UK) A record of the ownership, and licensing of a motor car

logger /ˈlɑɡɚ/ /ˈlɒɡə/ loggers n
drwal rębacz
A worker whose occupation is to harvest trees.
program logujący
That which logs, such as a computer program to keep track of events.

loggerhead duck loggerhead ducks n
torpedówka falklandzka
Tachyeres brachypterus, a shellfish-eating duck of the Falkland Islands; a poor diver, incapable of true flight.

loggerhead shrike loggerhead shrikes n
dzierzba siwa
A species of shrike native to North America, Lanius ludovicianus.

loggia /ˈloʊd͡ʒə/ /ˈlɒd͡ʒiə/ /ˈlɒd͡ʒə/ logge loggias loggie n
lodżia loggia
(architecture) A roofed, open gallery, usually on an upper level.

logging loggings n
wycinka wyrąb
An act or instance of logging (cutting down trees).

logic /ˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪk/ /ˈlɒd͡ʒ.ɪk/ /ˈlɔd͡ʒ.ɪk/ logics n
logika
(uncountable) A method of human thought that involves thinking in a linear, step-by-step manner about how a problem can be solved. Logic is the basis of many principles including the scientific method.
(uncountable, mathematics) The mathematical study of relationships between rigorously defined concepts and of mathematical proof of statements.
(countable, mathematics) A formal or informal language together with a deductive system or a model-theoretic semantics.
(uncountable) Any system of thought, whether rigorous and productive or not, especially one associated with a particular person.
(countable, sociology) A system of thought or collection of rhetoric, especially one associated with a social practice.

logic gate logic gates n
bramka
A physical device, typically electronic, which computes a Boolean logical output (0 or 1) from Boolean input or inputs according to the rules of some logical operator.

logical /ˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/ /ˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/ more logical most logical adj
logiczny
(not comparable) In agreement with the principles of logic.
(not comparable) Of or pertaining to logic.
logiczny rozsądny
Reasonable.

logically more logically most logically adv
logicznie
In a logical manner, with logic.

logicism logicisms n
logicyzm

login /ˈlɒɡ.ɪn/ logins n
login nazwa użytkownika
(computing) Credentials: the combination of a user's identification and password used to enter a computer, program, network, etc.
logowanie
(computing) The process or an instance of logging in.

logion /-ɒn/ /ˈloʊ.d͡ʒi.ən/ /ˈlɒ-/ /ˈləʊ.ɡɪ.ən/ logia n
logion
(specifically, Christianity) A saying that is attributed to Jesus in ancient or reconstructed texts that was (originally) handed down without narrative context.

logistical adj
logistyczny
Relating to logistics.

logistically adv
logistycznie
Regarding or using logistics.

logistician logisticians n
logistyk
A person involved with logistics.

logistics /ləˈd͡ʒɪstɪks/ n
logistyka
(operations) The process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, services and related information from their point of origin to point of consumption for the purpose of satisfying customer requirements.
(military) The procurement, supply, maintenance, and transportation of equipment, facilities, and personnel.

logo /ˈloʊ.ɡoʊ/ /ˈləʊ.ɡəʊ/ logos n
logo
A visual symbol or emblem that acts as a trademark or a means of identification of a company or organization.

logo- prefix
logo-

logomachy /loʊˈɡɑ.mə.ki/ /ləʊˈɡɒ.mə.kɪ/ logomachies n
logomachia logomachie
Dispute over the meaning of words

logopedics n
logopedia
The study, and correction, of speech and language defects, disorders in communication and swallowing disorders.

logopedist logopedists n
logopeda
A specialist who deals with the correction of the speech sounds, the disorders in writing, reading, the ability to create any forms of mathematical operations, disorders in use of language and swallowing disorders.

logorrhea /ˌlɒ.ɡəˈɹɪ.ə/ /ˌlɔ.ɡəˈɹi.ə/ [-ɹiː-] [-ˈɹiː-] [ˌlɒ-] logorrheas n
logorea słowotok
(often, humorous) Excessive talkativeness.
słowotok
(psychology) Excessive and often uncontrollable speaking due to a mental disorder.

logotype logotypes n
logotyp
A symbol or emblem that acts as a trademark or a means of identification of an institution or other entity, usually referred to as a logo.

loin /lɔɪn/ loins n
lędźwie
The part of the body (of humans and quadrupeds) at each side of the backbone, between the ribs and hips
polędwica
Any of several cuts of meat taken from this part of an animal

loincloth loincloths n
przepaska przepaska biodrowa
A garment worn about the loins and covering the crotch.

loiter /ˈlɔɪtə(ɹ)/ /ˈlɔɪtɚ/ [ˈlɔɪɾɚ] v
kręcić się szlajać się szwendać się wałęsać się włóczyć się łazęgować
To stand about without any aim or purpose; to stand about idly.

lolcat /ˈlɑl.kæt/ lolcats n
śmieszne koty
(Internet, neologism) An image macro of, usually, a kitten or a cat with a humorous caption.

lolicon lolicons n
lolikon
(countable, anime and manga) An individual who is attracted to young or young-looking female characters.

lollapalooza /ˌlɑləpəˈluzə/ /ˌlɒləpəˈluːzə/ lollapaloozas n
odjazd rewelacja
(informal) An outstanding, extreme, or outrageous example of its kind.

lollipop /ˈlɑ.li.pɑp/ /ˈlɒl.i.pɒp/ lollipops n
lizak
An item of confectionery consisting of a piece of candy/sweet attached to a stick.

lollygag /ˈlɒlɪɡæɡ/ v
bałamucić zbałamucić
(US) To dawdle; to be lazy or idle; to avoid necessary work or effort.

lone wolf lone wolves n
samotny wilk
A wolf that is not part of a pack.
(metaphorically) A person who avoids the company of others; a loner; an independent or solitary person.
(by extension) A criminal who acts alone, not as part of a group.

loneliness /ˈloʊnlinəs/ lonelinesses n
samotność
A feeling of depression resulting from being alone or from having no companions.
The condition or state of being alone or having no companions.

lonely /ˈloʊn.li/ /ˈləʊn.li/ lonelier loneliest adj
samotny
Unhappy because of feeling isolated from contact with other people.

loner /ˈloʊnɚ/ loners n
samotnik
One who is alone, lacking or avoiding the company of others.

lonesome /ˈloʊnsəm/ /ˈləʊnsəm/ more lonesome most lonesome adj
samotny
Unhappy due to being alone; lonely.

long /lɑŋ/ /lɒŋ/ /lɔŋ/ /lɔːŋ/ /lʊŋɡ/ longer longest adj
długi
Having much distance from one terminating point on an object or an area to another terminating point (usually applies to horizontal dimensions; see Usage Notes below).
Having great duration.

long /lɑŋ/ /lɒŋ/ /lɔŋ/ /lɔːŋ/ /lʊŋɡ/ longer longest adv
długo
For a particular duration.

long /lɑŋ/ /lɒŋ/ /lɔŋ/ /lɔːŋ/ /lʊŋɡ/ v
pragnąć tęsknić wzdychać do
(intransitive) To await, aspire, desire greatly (something to occur or to be true).

long COVID /ˌlɒŋ ˈkəʊvɪd/ /ˌlɔŋ ˈkoʊvɪd/ n
długi COVID
(diseases) Long-term sequelae or symptoms (such as brain fog, extreme fatigue, or shortness of breath) following a COVID-19 infection, which persist after the SARS-CoV-2 virus is no longer active. [from 2020]

long absent, soon forgotten proverb
długo nieobecny, szybko zapomniany
Love fades away when people are distant and don't keep close physical contact

long ago adv
dawno dawno temu
At a time in the past, especially the distant past.

long arm of the law n
wymiar sprawiedliwości
(idiomatic, almost always preceded by the) The influence or effectiveness of law enforcement institutions; law enforcement officers collectively.

long in the tooth adj
stary
(idiomatic) Old; aged.

long johns n
kalesony
(US) A full-length undergarment, worn on the bottom half of the body, or two-piece, to keep the wearer warm in cold weather.

long jump long jumps n
skok w dal
An athletics field event where competitors attempt to jump as far as possible, after taking a run-up; a jump such as one performed in such an event.

long jump v
skakać w dal skoczyć w dal
To perform a long jump; to compete in the long jump event.

long jumper long jumpers n
skoczek w dal skoczkini w dal
An athlete who competes in the long jump

long live v
niech żyje
May he, she, they, or it live for a long time; may it prosper.

long pepper long peppers n
pieprz długi
The flowering vine Piper longum in the genus Piper (pepper) of family Piperaceae, cultivated for its characteristically long fruit, which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning.

long s long s's n
długie s
The ſ character, as distinct from the short s (which is the s character).

long time no see interjection
kopę lat dawno się nie widzieliśmy
(idiomatic) I (or we) have not seen you for a long time.

long ways, long lies /ˈlɒŋ ˌweɪz ˈlɒŋ ˌlaɪz/ proverb
osoba z dalekiego miejsca może kłamać bezpiecznie
Someone who returns from a far-off region can tell lies without fear of being contradicted.

long weekend long weekends n
długi weekend
A weekend extended by one or more days off falling on a day or days immediately preceding or following it.

long-awaited more long-awaited most long-awaited adj
długo oczekiwany
having been awaited for a long time

long-billed dowitcher long-billed dowitchers n
szlamiec dlugodzioby
a long-legged and long-billed migratory wading bird, Limnodromus scolopaceus

long-distance longer-distance longest-distance adj
dalekobieżny długodystansowy
Over a great length or distance.
międzymiastowy
Referring to a non-local telephone call; a toll call.

long-distance relationship long-distance relationships n
związek na odległość
A romantic relationship between two people who live far apart, but usually maintain contact telematically.

long-eared bat long-eared bats n
gacek nocolubek
Any of many vesper bats with ears longer than bats of similar size, especially the brown long-eared bat or common long-eared bat (Plecotus auritus), of Eurasia.

long-eared owl /ˌlɒŋɪədˈaʊl/ long-eared owls n
sowa szara uszatka uszatka zwyczajna
Asio otus, a species of owl which breeds in Europe, Asia, and North America. Long eared owls are partially migratory, moving south in winter from the northern parts of their range.

long-haired longer-haired longest-haired adj
długowłosy
Having long, uncut hair on the head.

long-legged more long-legged most long-legged adj
długonogi szczudłonogi
Having long legs.

long-lived /ˈlɒŋˈlaɪvd/ /ˈlɒŋˈlɪvd/ more long-lived most long-lived adj
długowieczna długowieczny
Having a long lifespan; surviving for a long period of time.

long-tailed duck long-tailed ducks n
lodówka
An Arctic sea bird (Clangula hyemalis).

long-tailed shrike long-tailed shrikes n
dzierzba zmienna
Lanius schach, a member of the shrike family (Laniidae), mainly found in Asia.

long-tailed tit long-tailed tits n
raniuszek
Any of many subspecies of small passerine birds with long tails, Aegithalos caudatus, found throughout Europe and Asia

long-term longer-term longest-term adj
długoterminowy
Becoming evident after a relatively long time period.
Extending over a relatively long time period.

long-term memory n
pamięć długotrwała

long-termism n
długoterminowość
Concentration on long-term goals rather than short-term security or advantage.

long-toed stint long-toed stints n
biegus smuklonogi
A type of sandpiper, (Calidris subminuta)

long-tongued more long-tongued most long-tongued adj
bajczarski plotkarski
Talkative, loquacious, especially excessively so
Prone to speaking out of turn or revealing secrets.

long-winded /ˈlɔŋˌwɪndəd/ more long-winded most long-winded adj
przegadany
Tediously long in speaking; consuming much time; unnecessarily verbose.

longboard v
longboard
To travel by longboard.

longe /lʌnd͡ʒ/ longes n
lonża
A long rope or flat web line, more commonly referred to as a longe line, approximately 20-30 feet long, attached to the bridle, longeing cavesson, or halter of a horse and used to control the animal while longeing.

longevity /lɑŋˈd͡ʒɛv.ə.ti/ /lɒnˈd͡ʒɛv.ɪ.ti/ /lɒŋˈd͡ʒɛv.ɪ.ti/ /lɔŋˈd͡ʒev.ə.ti/ [lɑŋˈd͡ʒɛv.ə.ɾi] [lɔŋˈd͡ʒev.ə.ɾi] longevities n
długowieczność
The quality of being long-lasting, especially of life.

longevous /lɑnˈd͡ʒiː.vəs/ /lɔnˈd͡ʒiː.vəs/ more longevous most longevous adj
długowieczna długowieczne długowieczni długowieczny
(rare) Long-lasting, especially of life.

longing /ˈlɒŋɪŋ/ /ˈlɔːŋɪŋ/ longings n
tęsknota pragnienie
An earnest and deep, not greatly passionate, but rather melancholic desire.

longitude /-tʃuːd/ /ˈlɑnd͡ʒəˌtud/ /ˈlɒnd͡ʒɪtjuːd/ /ˈlɒnɡɪtjuːd/ longitudes n
długość geograficzna długość
(geography) Angular distance measured west or east of the prime meridian.
południk
(geography, astronomy) Any imaginary line perpendicular to the equator and part of a great circle passing through the North Pole and South Pole.

longitudinal /lɔŋɡəˈt͡ʃʉːdənəl/ /ˌlɑnd͡ʒəˈtuːdənəl/ /ˌlɒŋɡɪˈt͡juːdɪnl̥/ /ˌlɔŋɡɪˈt͡ʃʉwdɪnəl/ adj
długościowy podłużny
Relating to length, or to longitude.

longshoreman longshoremen n
doker
(US) A man employed to load and unload ships.

longspine snipefish longspine snipefishes n
bekaśnik
A moderately elongate species of snipefish with a tubular snout equal to about a quarter of the total body length, Macroramphosus scolopax.

longspur longspurs n
poświerka
A specific type of bird, of the genus Calcarius; it has a long claw on the hind toe of each foot.

longue durée n
długie trwanie
The long term; a relatively long period of time.

loofah /ˈluːfə/ loofahs n
trukwa
Any of several tropical vines of the genus Luffa, having almost cylindrical fruit with a spongy, fibrous interior; the dishcloth gourd.

look /luːk/ /luːx/ /lʊk/ looks n
pogląd
The action of looking; an attempt to see.
wygląd
(often plural) Physical appearance, visual impression.

look /luːk/ /luːx/ /lʊk/ v
patrzeć wyglądać popatrzeć
To try to see, to pay attention to with one’s eyes.

look after v
opiekować się
(transitive, obsolete) To expect, look forward to. [14th–18th c.]

look around v
rozejrzeć rozglądać
To inspect a building or area.

look at v
spoglądać spojrzeć
(transitive) To observe or watch (something).
to face (to be presented or confronted with; to have in prospect)
rzucić okiem spoglądać spojrzeć
(transitive) To study (something) visually.

look back v
obejrzeć się za siebie oglądać się za siebie
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see look,‎ back.
wspominać wspomnieć
To think of (past events) in retrospect.

look before one leaps v
pomyśleć, zanim zadziałać
(idiomatic) To think before taking action.

look daggers /ˌlʊk ˈdæɡəz/ /ˌlʊk ˈdæɡɚz/ v
utkwić wzrok bazyliszka
(intransitive) Often followed by at: to stare in a disapproving, severe, or threatening manner, especially without speaking.

look down on v
patrzeć z góry
(transitive, idiom) To regard or treat as inferior.

look for v
szukać patrzeć za wypatrywać
(transitive) To search for; to seek.

look forward to v
nie móc się doczekać
(transitive, idiomatic) To anticipate, expect, or wait for, especially with a feeling of approval or pleasure. To be excited or eager to.

look on the bright side v
myśleć pozytywnie

look one's age v
wyglądać na swój wiek

look out v
uważać wyglądać wyjrzeć
(intransitive, idiom) To be vigilant and aware often as an imperative to alert a person to danger.
wyglądać wyjrzeć
(transitive, idiom) To find by looking: to hunt out.

look over one's shoulder v
baczyć
(idiom) To check obsessively out of excessive caution or fear of a perceived danger.

look the other way v
odwracać wzrok odwrócić wzrok patrzeć przez palce
(idiomatic) To ignore something wrong; to connive (at), to turn a blind eye.

look the part v
odpowiednio wyglądać
(idiomatic) To appear suitable for a particular kind of work, position or role.

look up to v
podziwiać
(transitive) To show respect or admiration for (someone); to see (someone) as a role model.

look who's talking phraseologicalUnit
i kto tu mówi

lookalike /ˈlʊkəlaɪk/ lookalikes n
sobowtór
Someone who physically resembles (looks like) someone else.
(North America) Something that looks very similar to or the same as the genuine article.

looker /ˈlʊk.ə/ /ˈlʊk.ɚ/ lookers n
patrzący
(literally) One that looks or is actively looking; a watcher; an observer.

looks /lʊks/ n
wygląd
One's appearance or attractiveness.

loom /lum/ /luːm/ looms n
krosno
A frame or machine of wood or other material, in which a weaver forms cloth out of thread; a machine for interweaving yarn or threads into a fabric, as in knitting or lace making.

loon /ˈluːn/ loons n
nur
(US, Canada) Any of various birds, of the order Gaviiformes, of North America and Europe that dive for fish and have a short tail, webbed feet and a yodeling cry.

loop /luːp/ loops n
pętla
A length of thread, line or rope that is doubled over to make an opening.
A shape produced by a curve that bends around and crosses itself.
(programming) A programmed sequence of instructions that is repeated until or while a particular condition is satisfied.

loop /luːp/ v
zapętlać zapętlić
(transitive) To create an error in a computer program so that it runs in an endless loop and the computer freezes up.

loophole /ˈluphoʊl/ /ˈluːphəʊl/ loopholes n
luka furtka kruczek
(figurative) A method of escape, especially an ambiguity or exception in a rule or law that can be exploited in order to avoid its effect.

loose /luːs/ looser loosest adj
luźny
Not fixed in place tightly or firmly.
luzem
Not held or packaged together.
sypki
Not compact.
luźny sypki
(not comparable, sports) Not being in the possession of any competing team during a game.

loose /luːs/ v
puszczać puścić
(transitive) To let loose, to free from restraints.
(obsolete) To solve; to interpret.

loose change n
drobne bilon
Coins of little value kept in one's pocket or bag.
grosze
(idiomatic) A sum of money considered small or insignificant.

loose lips sink ships proverb
nieostrożne gadanie zatapia statki
Saying too much or releasing confidential information can have dangerous consequences.

loose-leaf adj
sypany
(of a plant or a tea) that has loosely connected or separate leaves

loose-tongued more loose-tongued most loose-tongued adj
plotkarski
garrulous, gossipy

loosehead looseheads n
lewy filar
(rugby) prop who plays on the left hand side of the front row of the scrum, such that in a scrum, their head is not tightly bound (unlike that of the tighthead)

loosely /ˈluːsli/ more loosely most loosely adv
luźno
Not tightly.

loosestrife loosestrifes n
krwawnica tojeść
Any of certain flowering plants of the genera Lythrum and Lysimachia, which are not closely related.

loot /luːt/ /ɫʉːt/ v
szabrować
(transitive) Synonym of plunder, to seize by violence particularly during the capture of a city during war or (video games) after successful combat.

loot box loot boxes n
skrzynka
(video gaming) A consumable virtual item, often in the shape of a box or another container, that gives a player a random selection of in-game items.

looter /ˈlutɚ/ looters n
szabrownik
One who loots, who steals during a general disturbance such as a riot or natural disaster.

looting lootings n
grabież rabunek łupiestwo
The act of stealing during a general disturbance.

lop-eared adj
kłapouchy
Having ears that lop, having ears that hang down pendulously.

lopsided /ˈlɑp.saɪ.dɪd/ /ˈlɒp.saɪ.dəd/ more lopsided most lopsided adj
asymetryczny koślawy krzywy nierówny przekrzywiony
Not even or balanced; not the same on one side as on the other.
nieobiektywny stronniczy
(figurative) biased; not balanced between points of view

loquacious /loʊˈkweɪʃəs/ /ləʊˈkweɪʃəs/ more loquacious most loquacious adj
gadatliwy
Talkative; chatty.

lord /lɔɹd/ /lɔːd/ lords n
gospodarz
(obsolete) The master of the servants of a household; (historical) the master of a feudal manor
właściciel
(archaic) The owner of a house, piece of land, or other possession
lord
(obsolete, uncommon) A baron or lesser nobleman, as opposed to greater ones
pan lord
One possessing similar mastery over others; (historical) any feudal superior generally; any nobleman or aristocrat; any chief, prince, or sovereign ruler; in Scotland, a male member of the lowest rank of nobility (the equivalent rank in England is baron)

lord it over v
panoszyć rozpanoszyć
(idiomatic, transitive) To behave as if one is in control of; to make a display of having an advantage over or superiority to.

lordling /ˈlɔɹdlɪŋ/ /ˈlɔːdlɪŋ/ lordlings n
panicz
An unimportant or petty lord.

lordosis lordoses n
lordoza
(pathology) An excessive backwards curvature of the spine, causing a hollow in the back.

lordship /ˈlɔɹd.ʃɪp/ /ˈlɔːd.ʃɪp/ lordships n
pan
(hence, with "his" or "your", often capitalised) Title applied to a lord, bishop, judge, or another man with a title.

lorgnette /lɒɹnjɛt/ lorgnettes n
lorgnon lornion
An opera glass with a handle.

losability n
zdolność do przegrywania zdolność do stracenia zdolność do zgubienia

losable adj
zdolny do przegrywania zdolny do stracenia zdolny do zgubienia

lose /luːz/ v
gubić tracić stracić zgubić
(transitive) To cause (something) to cease to be in one's possession or capability.
tracić stracić
(transitive) To experience the death of (someone to whom one has an attachment, such as a relative or friend).
(transitive) To have (an organ) removed from one's body, especially by accident.
(ditransitive) To cause (someone) the loss of something; to deprive of.
przegrywać przegrać
To wander from; to miss, so as not to be able to find; to go astray from.
(transitive) To fail to win (a game, competition, trial, etc).
zgubić zapodziać
(transitive) To be unable to follow or trace (somebody or something) any longer.

lose count v
stracić rachubę tracić rachubę
(intransitive) to forget the number of times that something has happened

lose face v
stracić twarz
(idiomatic, intransitive) To lose the respect of others; to be humiliated or experience public disgrace.

lose ground v
stracić przewagę tracić przewagę

lose one's cool /ˈluːz wʌnz ˈkuːl/ v
wściec się wściekać się
(idiomatic) To become upset or disconcerted; to lose one's temper.

lose one's head /luːz wʌnz hɛd/ v
stracić głowę tracić głowę
(idiomatic) To behave irrationally or to lose one's self-control, especially in a distressing situation or as a result of falling in love.

lose one's life v
tracić życie utracić życie
(euphemistic) To die, especially to be killed during involvement in an activity or in some other undertaking.

lose one's mind /luːz wʌnz maɪnd/ v
oszaleć postradać rozum postradać zmysły stracić rozum tracić rozum
(idiomatic) To become crazy, insane, mad.

lose one's virginity v
stracić dziewictwo tracić dziewictwo
To have sexual intercourse for the first time.

lose patience v
stracić cierpliwość tracić cierpliwość
(transitive with with) Become impatient.

lose the thread v
gubić wątek zgubić wątek

lose weight v
chudnąć tracić na wadze zeszczupleć zrzucić zrzucić kilogramy
(intransitive) To become less heavy or obese.

loser /luzɚ/ /luːzə(ɹ)/ losers n
przegrany przegrana straciciel zgubca zgubiciel
A person who loses; one who fails to win or thrive.
badziewie bubel kiepścizna
Something of poor quality.
nieudacznik nieudacznica przegryw
A person who is frequently unsuccessful in life.

loss /lɑs/ /lɒs/ /lɔs/ losses n
strata utrata
(countable) The result of no longer possessing an object, a function, or a characteristic due to external causes or misplacement.
(uncountable) The condition of grief caused by losing someone or something, especially someone who has died.
porażka przegrana
(countable) Defeat; an instance of being defeated.
strata
(countable) The death of a person or animal.
(financial, countable) The sum an entity loses on balance.
straty
(engineering) Electricity of kinetic power expended without doing useful work.

loss-making more loss-making most loss-making adj
deficytowy
Making financial losses.

lossless /ˈlɒs.ləs/ more lossless most lossless adj
bezstratny
(information theory) Not losing information.

lossy /ˈlɑsi/ /ˈlɒsi/ /ˈlɔsi/ lossier lossiest adj
stratny
(telecommunications) Of a communication channel, subject to loss of signal strength.
(power systems) Of an electricity transmission line, subject to various forms of power loss.
(computing, of an, algorithm, _, for converting or compressing data) Reducing the amount of information in data.

lost /lɑst/ /lɒst/ /lɔst/ /lɔːst/ loster lostest more lost most lost adj
zagubiony
Having wandered from, or unable to find, the way.
In an unknown location; unable to be found.
stracony
Parted with; no longer held or possessed.

lost and found lost and founds n
biuro rzeczy znalezionych
(US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand) A department, service or location where items that are found can be claimed by their owners.

lost cause lost causes n
przegrana sprawa
(idiomatic) A person or thing that is hopeless or futile.

lost sheep lost sheep n
zbłąkana owieczka
A disadvantaged or marginalized person who can be "brought back into the fold" with a little effort.

lost soul lost souls n
osoba zagubiona
(idiomatic) One who is forlorn, who lacks direction, purpose, or motivation in life.

lost with all hands adj
taki, który utonął ze wszystkimi na pokładzie
(nautical, of a ship, boat, or other vessel) Destroyed or sunk, with all passengers and crew having died in the process.

lostness lostnesses n
zagubienie
The fact or quality of being lost.

lot /lɑt/ /lɒt/ /lɔt/ lots n
przeznaczenie
That which happens without human design or forethought.
los
Anything (as a die, pebble, ball, or slip of paper) used in determining a question by chance, or without human choice or will.
łut
(historic) An old unit of weight used in many European countries from the Middle Ages, often defined as 1/30 or 1/32 of a (local) pound.

lotion /ˈloʊʃən/ /ˈləʊʃən/ lotions n
lotion mleczko kosmetyczne
(archaic) A washing, especially of the skin for the purpose of beautification.

lottery /ˈlɑtɚi/ /ˈlɒtəɹi/ /ˈlɒtɹi/ lotteries n
loteria
A scheme for the distribution of prizes by lot or chance, especially a gaming scheme in which one or more tickets bearing particular numbers draw prizes, the other tickets are blanks.
(figuratively) Something decided by chance.

lottery ticket lottery tickets n
los
A slip of paper drawn in a lottery, possibly redeemable for a prize.

lotus /ˈloʊtəs/ /ˈləʊtəs/ loti lotuses n
lotos
A kind of aquatic plant, genus Nelumbo in the family Nelumbonaceae.

lotus-eater lotus-eaters n
Lotofag
(Greek mythology) A member of the legendary people living on an island dominated by the lotus tree, who have forgotten their homes due to the fruits' narcotic and stupefying effect.

loud /laʊd/ louder loudest adj
głośny
(of a sound) Of great intensity.
głośny donośny hałaśliwy
(of a person, thing, event, etc.) Noisy.
krzykliwy
(of clothing, decorations, etc.) Having unpleasantly and tastelessly contrasting colours or patterns; gaudy.

loud and clear louder and clearer loudest and clearest adv
głośno i wyraźnie
In a clear and easily understandable manner.

loudly /ˈlaʊdli/ loudlier loudliest more loudly most loudly adv
głośno
In a loud manner; at a high volume.

loudness loudnesses n
głośność
the perceptual strength or amplitude of sound pressure, measured in sones or phons
the physical strength of the sound pressure level, measured in decibels

loudspeaker /laʊdˈspiːkə/ /ˈlaʊdspiːkɚ/ loudspeakers n
głośnik
An electromechanical transducer that converts an electrical signal into audible sound.

louis d'or /ˌlui ˈdɔɹ/ /ˌluiz ˈdɔɹ/ /ˌluːɪ ˈdɔː/ /ˌluːɪz ˈdɔː/ louis d'or louis d'ors n
ludwik luidor
(historical, _, numismatics) Any of the gold coins first introduced in France under Louis XIII in 1640, based upon the Spanish doubloon.

loupe /luːp/ loupes n
lupa
A magnifying glass, usually mounted in an eyepiece, often used by jewellers and watchmakers.

louse /laʊs/ lice louses n
wesz
A small parasitic wingless insect of the order Psocodea.
gnida menda
(colloquial, dated, not usually used in plural form) A contemptible person; one who is deceitful or causes harm.

louse /laʊs/ v
iskać
To remove lice from; to delouse.

lousewort louseworts n
gnidosz
Any of very many semiparasitic flowering plants, of the genus Pedicularis, related to wood betony.

lousy /ˈlaʊ.zi/ lousier lousiest adj
zawszony
Infested with lice.

lovage /ˈlʌvəd͡ʒ/ /ˈlʌvɪd͡ʒ/ lovages n
lubczyk
A perennial Mediterranean herb, Levisticum officinale, with odor and flavor resembling celery.

love /lʊv/ /lʌv/ [lɘv] [lɘʋ] [lʌv] [ɫäv~ɫɐv] [ɫʌv] loves n
jajo zero
(racquet sports, billiards) Zero, no score.
miłość
(uncountable) Strong affection.
miłość kochanie całusy
(countable) A person who is the object of romantic feelings; a darling, a sweetheart, a beloved.

love /lʊv/ /lʌv/ [lɘv] [lɘʋ] [lʌv] [ɫäv~ɫɐv] [ɫʌv] v
kochać miłować
(usually, transitive, sometimes, _, intransitive, stative) To have a strong affection for (someone or something).
uwielbiać kochać
(transitive) To be strongly inclined towards something; an emphatic form of like.
kochać
(usually, transitive, sometimes, _, intransitive) To seek the good or honor of (someone), care deeply about, to be dedicated to (someone or something).
(transitive, euphemistic) To have sex with (perhaps from make love).

love affair love affairs n
romans
An affair; a usually adulterous relationship between people who are not married to each other.

love at first sight n
miłość od pierwszego wejrzenia
(idiom) an instantaneous attraction

love bite love bites n
malinka
A swelling on the skin caused by someone (or something) sucking the skin.

love conquers all /lʌv ˈkɑŋkɚz ɔːl/ /lʌv ˈkɒŋkəz ɔːl/ proverb
miłość wszystko zwycięża
Love is a powerful force that overcomes all obstacles.

love grass love grasses n
miłka
Any of several grasses, of the genus Eragrostis, grown as a forage crop or to protect against erosion

love handle love handles n
boczki oponka
(colloquial, euphemistic, mostly, in the plural) A protruding area of fat on the side of the body, above the hips.

love is blind proverb
miłość jest ślepa
A person who is in love can see no faults or imperfections in the person whom they love.

love letter love letters n
list miłosny
A letter written about the author's love for the intended reader.

love triangle /ˈlʌv ˌtɹaɪ.æŋɡəl/ love triangles n
trójkąt miłosny
A situation in which two suitors vie or compete for the love of the same person.

love-hatred love-hatreds n
miłość-nienawiść

love-in-a-mist n
czarnuszka damasceńska
Nigella damascena, an annual flowering plant of the genus Nigella, the blooms of which are generally blue in colour, though also found in shades of pink, white or pale purple.

lovebird lovebirds n
nierozłączka
Any small parrot from one of the nine species within the genus Agapornis. Sometimes they are kept as cage birds and are noted for their affection towards each other.

loved one loved ones n
bliski
A very close friend or family member for whom a person has feelings of endearment, one of someone's close ones; sometimes: next of kin (for example on hospital admission form).

lovely /ˈlʌv.li/ lovelier loveliest adj
mili miła miłe miły
Very nice, wonderful.

lover /ˈlʌvə/ /ˈlʌvɚ/ lovers n
ukochana ukochany
One who loves and cares for another person in a romantic way; a sweetheart, love, soulmate, boyfriend, girlfriend, or spouse.
kochanek amant amantka kochanica kochanka
A sexual partner, especially one with whom someone is having an affair.
amator amatorka miłośniczka miłośnik
A person who loves something.

loving /ˈlʌvɪŋ/ lovinger lovingest more loving most loving adj
kochająca kochające kochający
Expressing a large amount of love to other people; affectionate.

low /ˈloʊ/ /ˈləʊ/ lower lowest adj
niski
(baseball, of a ball) Below the batter's knees.
Of less than normal height or upward extent or growth, or of greater than normal depth or recession; below the average or normal level from which elevation is measured.
Not high in status, esteem, or rank, dignity, or quality. (Compare vulgar.)
Small, not high (in amount or quantity, value, force, energy, etc).
(especially in, _, biology) Simple in complexity or development.
Quiet; soft; not loud.
(phonetics) Made with a relatively large opening between the tongue and the palate; made with (part of) the tongue positioned low in the mouth, relative to the palate.

low blow low blows n
cios poniżej pasa
(boxing) An unfair or illegal blow that lands below the opponent’s waist.
(figurative, by extension) Any attack that is considered unfair or unscrupulous.

low tide low tides n
odpływ
The tide at its lowest level for a particular tidal cycle at a certain place.

low-budget lower-budget lowest-budget adj
niskobudżetowy
(of a project such as a film) Achieved with a relatively small financial outlay.

low-calorie adj
małokaloryczny niskokaloryczny
Of a diet, involving eating a lower number of calories than would normally eaten, usually with the intention of losing weight.
Of a food or drink, having fewer calories than its standard form.

low-fat lower-fat lowest-fat adj
niskotłuszczowy
Not having a high number of calories from fat or great amount of fats. Especially an alternate variety of food designed to have lower calories, dietetic.

low-income adj
o niskich dochodach

low-quality lower-quality lowest-quality adj
niskiej jakości

low-speed more low-speed most low-speed adj
wolnobieżny
That operates, moves or takes place at less than normal speed.

lower /ˈloʊ.ɚ/ /ˈləʊ.ə/ adj
dolny
bottom; more towards the bottom than the middle of an object

lower /ˈloʊ.ɚ/ /ˈləʊ.ə/ v
opuszczać opuścić
(transitive) To let descend by its own weight, as something suspended; to let down

lower class lower classes n
klasa niższa
A class of people in a society characterized by low incomes, low level of education, high unemployment and, as a result of these, a low social status.

lower deck lower decks n
dolny pokład
(nautical) The deck of a ship immediately above the hold.

lower house lower houses n
izba niższa
(government) The lower legislative house in a bicameral legislature; in many cases, the one that is directly elected and/or has more practical power, such as the power to raise and spend money.

lower limit lower limits n
dolna granica
(analysis) The lower limit of a sequence of real numbers is the real number which can be found as follows: remove the first term of the sequence in order to obtain the "first subsequence." Then remove the first term of the first subsequence in order to obtain the "second subsequence." Repeat the removal of first terms in order to obtain a "third subsequence," "fourth subsequence," etc. Find the infimum of each of these subsequences, then find the supremum of all of these infimums. This supremum is the lower limit.

lower lip n
dolna warga

lower the bar v
obniżać poprzeczkę obniżyć poprzeczkę
(idiomatic) to lower the standards of quality that are expected of or required for something.

lowest common denominator lowest common denominators n
najniższy wspólny mianownik
(mathematics) The smallest positive integer which is a multiple of every denominator of several fractions.

lowland lowlands n
nizina
An area which is considered particularly low or lower than surrounding areas.

lowlife /ˈloʊlaɪf/ /ˈləʊlaɪf/ lowlifes lowlives n
szumowina zwyrodnialec
(derogatory) An untrustworthy, despicable, or disreputable person, especially one suspected of being a criminal.

loyal /ˈlɔɪəl/ more loyal most loyal adj
lojalny oddany
Firm in allegiance to a person or institution.

loyalist /ˈlɔɪəlɪst/ loyalists n
lojalista lojalistka
A person who is loyal to a cause, generally used as a political affiliation.

loyally more loyally most loyally adv
lojalnie
In a loyal manner, faithfully.

loyalty /ˈlɔɪəlti/ loyalties n
wierność lojalność
The state of being loyal; fidelity.
lojalność
Faithfulness or devotion to some person, cause or nation.

loyalty card loyalty cards n
karta stałego klienta
A card used in a company's loyalty program, which rewards customers who make regular purchases.

lozenge /ˈlɑ.zɪnd͡ʒ/ /ˈlɒz.ɪnd͡ʒ/ /ˈlɔz.ɪnd͡ʒ/ lozenges n
romb
(shapes, heraldiccharge) A quadrilateral with sides of equal length (rhombus), having two acute and two obtuse angles.

lubeless adj
bezsmarowy
Without lube.

lubricant /ˈljuːbɹɪkənt/ /ˈlubɹəkənt/ /ˈluːbɹɪkənt/ lubricants n
smar
A substance used to reduce friction between objects or surfaces.

lucid /ˈl(j)uːsɪd/ lucider lucidest more lucid most lucid adj
jasny klarowny przejrzysty
Clear; easily understood.

lucid dream lucid dreams n
świadomy sen
A dream during which one is conscious that one is dreaming, and may be able to manipulate events.

luck /lʊk/ /lʌk/ [lɐk] lucks n
szczęście
Something that happens to someone by chance, a chance occurrence, especially a favourable one.
sukces
Success.

luckily /ˈlʌkəli/ /ˈlʌkɪli/ more luckily most luckily adv
na szczęście całe szczęście szczęśliwie
In a lucky manner; by good fortune; fortunately.

lucky /ˈlʌki/ luckier luckiest more lucky most lucky adj
szczęśliwy
(of people) Favoured by luck; fortunate; having good success or good fortune.

lucky charm lucky charms n
amulet talizman
An object kept for good luck.

lucky dog lucky dogs n
farciarz szczęściarz
(idiomatic) Someone with astounding good luck.

lucky star lucky stars n
coś, co przynosić szczęście
(idiom) Something that appears to give a person luck

lucrative more lucrative most lucrative adj
lukratywny intratny zyskowny dochodowy
Producing a surplus; profitable.

ludicrous /ˈljuː.dɪ.kɹəs/ /ˈluː.dɪ.kɹəs/ more ludicrous most ludicrous adj
absurdalny niedorzeczny bezsensowny groteskowy idiotyczny
Idiotic or unthinkable, often to the point of being funny; amusing by being plainly incongruous or absurd.

ludicrously more ludicrously most ludicrously adv
bezsensownie

lug /lʌɡ/ v
zataskać zataszczyć
(transitive, sometimes, figurative) To haul or drag along (especially something heavy); to carry; to pull.

luge /luʒ/ /luː(d)ʒ/ luges n
saneczki saneczkarstwo
(countable) A racing sled for one or two people that is ridden with the rider or riders lying on their back.
saneczkarstwo
(uncountable) The sport of racing on luges.

luge /luʒ/ /luː(d)ʒ/ v
saneczkować
To ride a luge; also, to participate in the sport of luge.

luger /ˈluːʒ.ə(ɹ)/ lugers n
saneczkarz saneczkarka
Someone who competes in the luge.

luggage /ˈlʌɡɪd͡ʒ/ luggages n
bagaż
(uncountable) The bags and other containers that hold a traveller's belongings.

lukewarm /ˈluk.wɔɹm/ /ˌlukˈwɔɹm/ /ˌluːkˈwɔːm/ lukewarmer lukewarmest more lukewarm most lukewarm adj
letni
(temperature) Between warm and cool.
chłodny sceptyczny zdystansowany
Unenthusiastic (about a proposal or an idea).

lukewarmly more lukewarmly most lukewarmly adv
letnio
In a lukewarm manner, tepidly, without enthusiasm.

lull /lʌl/ v
lulać
(transitive) To cause to rest by soothing influences; to compose; to calm

lullaby /ˈlʌləbaɪ/ lullabies n
kołysanka
A cradlesong, a soothing song to calm children or lull them to sleep.

lumbago /lʌmˈbeɪɡəʊ/ /ˌləm-/ /ˌlʌmˈbeɪˌɡoʊ/ lumbagos n
lumbago heksenszus postrzał
(uncountable) Backache of the lumbar region or lower back, which can be caused by muscle strain or a slipped disc.

lumbar puncture lumbar punctures n
nakłucie lędźwiowe
(medical) A diagnostic and at times therapeutic procedure performed to collect a sample of cerebrospinal fluid for biochemical, microbiological, and cytological analysis, or rarely to relieve increased intracranial pressure.

lumberjack /ˈlʌm.bə.d͡ʒæk/ /ˈlʌm.bɚ.d͡ʒæk/ lumberjacks n
drwal
A person whose work is to fell trees.

lumberroom lumberrooms n
graciarnia rupieciarnia
A room in which lumber is stored

lumen /ˈlumən/ /ˈluːmən/ lumens lumina n
lumen
(physics) In the International System of Units, the derived unit of luminous flux; the light that is emitted in a solid angle of one steradian from a source of one candela. Symbol: lm.

luminescence /ˌluː.məˈnɛs.əns/ luminescences n
luminescencja
(physics) Any emission of light that cannot be attributed merely to the temperature of the emitting body.

lump in one's throat n
ścisk w gardle
(idiom) Strong emotion, either happy or sad, causing someone to be on the verge of crying; a sensation of tightness in the throat associated with this.

lump sum lump sums n
ryczałt
A relatively large single payment of money often paid and received instead of, or in addition to, a sequence of smaller payments.

lumpenproletariat /lʊm.pən.pɹəʊ.lə.ˈtɛː.ɹi.ət/ lumpenproletariats n
lumpenproletariat
(Marxism) The lowest stratum of the proletariat, whose mental and physical health, mores and morale have deteriorated, through exploitation by the bourgeoisie, to a degree where they cannot build class consciousness and hence cannot be mobilized for the revolution.

lumpsucker lumpsuckers n
tasza
Any of the scorpaeniform fish in the family Cyclopteridae, with adhesive pelvic discs.

lunacy /ˈljuː.nə.si/ /ˈluː.nə.si/ lunacies n
niepoczytalność obłęd
(of a person or group of people) The state of being mad, insanity

lunar /ˈl(j)uːnə/ /ˈlunɚ/ adj
księżycowy lunarny miesięczny
(astronomy) Of or pertaining to travel through space between the Earth and the Moon, or exploration and scientific investigation of the Moon.

lunar calendar lunar calendars n
kalendarz księżycowy
A calendar that measures the passage of the year according to the phases of the moon, as opposed to the revolution of the earth around the sun; a calendar of the lunar year.

lunar eclipse lunar eclipses n
zaćmienie Księżyca
(astronomy) A phenomenon occurring when the Earth casts a shadow over the Moon.

lunatic /ˈluːnətɪk/ lunatics n
szaleniec wariat
An insane person.

lunation /luːˈneɪʃən/ lunations n
lunacja
A month of an average of approximately 29.53 days, measured from a lunar phase until the return of that same phase.
The irregular period from one new moon until the next.

lunch /lʌnt͡ʃ/ /lʌnʃ/ [lʌ̃nt͡ʃ] lunches n
obiad lunch
A light meal usually eaten around midday, notably when not as main meal of the day.

lunch /lʌnt͡ʃ/ /lʌnʃ/ [lʌ̃nt͡ʃ] v
jeść obiad
(transitive) To treat to lunch.

lunette /ljuːˈnɛt/ /luːˈnɛt/ lunettes n
luneta
(architectural element) A crescent-shaped recess or void in the space above a window or door. [from 18th c.] a lunette in the Thomas Jefferson building of the US Library of Congress

lung /ˈlʌŋ/ lungs n
płuco płuca
(anatomy) A biological organ of vertebrates that controls breathing and oxygenates the blood.

lung cancer lung cancers n
rak płuca
Cancer of the lung(s).

lunge /lʌnd͡ʒ/ lunges n
rzut sztych
A sudden forward movement, especially with a sword.
wykrok
An exercise performed by stepping forward one leg while kneeling with the other leg, then returning to a standing position.

lunge /lʌnd͡ʒ/ v
rzucić się
(ambitransitive) To (cause to) make a sudden forward movement (present participle: lunging).

lungeing cavesson lungeing cavessons n
kawecan
a special type of halter or headcollar with extra rings on the noseband for attaching a lunge line (or rein)

lungfish lungfish lungfishes n
ryba dwudyszna
air-breathing fish, of the class Dipnoi, that have four limblike appendages instead of fins

lungo lungos n
café lungo lungo

lunokhod lunokhods n
Łunochod łunochod
One of the Soviet robotic lunar rovers.

lunula lunulae lunulæ n
obłączek
(anatomy) Something shaped like a crescent or half-moon; especially the pale area at the base of the fingernail.

lupin /ˈluːpɪn/ lupins n
łubin
Any member of the genus Lupinus in the family Fabaceae.

lupine /ˈluː.paɪn/ more lupine most lupine adj
wilczy
Wolflike; wolfish.

lupus /ˈluːpəs/ n
toczeń
(pathology) Any of a number of autoimmune diseases, the most common of which is systemic lupus erythematosus.

lure /l(j)ʊə/ /lɔɹ/ /lɔː(ɹ)/ /lɜː/ /lɝ/ /lʊəɹ/ lures n
mamidło pokusa ponęta
(also, figurative) Something that tempts or attracts, especially one with a promise of reward or pleasure.
błysk błystka błyszcz błyszczka błyszczyk wabik
(fishing) An artificial bait attached to a fishing line to attract fish.

lure /l(j)ʊə/ /lɔɹ/ /lɔː(ɹ)/ /lɜː/ /lɝ/ /lʊəɹ/ v
wabić mamić nęcić
(intransitive) To attract by temptation, appeal, or guile.
(transitive) To attract fish with a lure.
(transitive, falconry) To recall a hawk with a lure.

lurk /lɜːk/ /lɝk/ v
lurkować
(Internet slang) To read an Internet forum without posting comments or making one's presence apparent.

luscious /ˈlʌʃəs/ more luscious most luscious adj
przyjemny smaczny słodki
Sweet and pleasant; delicious.
kuszący
Sexually appealing; seductive.
obsceniczny
Obscene.

luser /ˈluː.zə(ɹ)/ lusers n
użyszkodnik
(computing, slang, derogatory) An incompetent computer user.

lust /lʌst/ lusts n
pożądanie żądza chuć
A feeling of strong desire, especially such a feeling driven by sexual arousal.
pragnienie
(archaic) A general want or longing, not necessarily sexual.
pasja rozkosz
(archaic) A delightful cause of joy, pleasure.

luster /ˈlʌstɚ/ lusters n
połysk
The ability or condition of shining when light is applied, inclusive of shine, sheen, polish, gloss, sparkle, etc.
splendor
(figurative) Shining beauty, splendor, attractiveness or attraction.

lustration /lʌsˈtɹeɪʃən/ lustrations n
oczyszczenie
(religion) A rite of purification, especially washing.
lustracja
(politics, law) The restoration of credibility to a government by the purging of perpetrators of crimes committed under an earlier regime.

lute /l(j)uːt/ /luːt/ /lɪu̯t/ lutes n
lutnia
A fretted stringed instrument, similar to the guitar, having a bowl-shaped body or soundbox; any of a wide variety of chordophones with a pear-shaped body and a neck whose upper surface is in the same plane as the soundboard, with strings along the neck and parallel to the soundboard.

lutetium /ljuːˈtiːʃiəm/ n
lutet
A chemical element (symbol Lu) with an atomic number of 71, a silvery-white metal which resists corrosion in dry air.

luthier /ˈljuː.ti.ə/ /ˈluː.ti.ə/ /ˈluː.ti.ɚ/ /ˈluː.θi.ɚ/ luthiers n
lutnik
A person who, or a business which, makes or repairs stringed wooden musical instruments, such as lutes, violins, and guitars.

lux /lʌks/ lux luxes n
luks
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of illuminance or illumination; one lumen per square metre. Symbol: lx

luxurious /lʌkˈsjʊə.ɹɪəs/ /lʌkˈʃʊɹ.i.əs/ /lʌɡˈzjʊə.ɹɪəs/ /lʌɡˈʒʊə.ɹɪəs/ /lʌɡˈʒʊɹ.i.əs/ more luxurious most luxurious adj
luksusowy
Very fine in quality and comfortable.

luxury /ˈlʌk.ʃə.ɹi/ /ˈlʌkʃəɹi/ /ˈlʌɡʒəɹi/ more luxury most luxury adj
luksusowy
Not essential but desirable and enjoyable and indulgent.

luxury /ˈlʌk.ʃə.ɹi/ /ˈlʌkʃəɹi/ /ˈlʌɡʒəɹi/ luxuries n
luksus
Very wealthy and comfortable surroundings.
Something desirable but expensive.
Something that is pleasant but not necessary in life.

lycanthropy /laɪˈkanθɹəpi/ lycanthropies n
likantropia
(mythology) The state of being a lycanthrope (or werewolf), a person who can shapeshift between the form of a human being and a wolf, often said to happen involuntarily during a full moon; werewolfdom.
(mythology, by extension) The state of being a person who can shapeshift between the form of a human being and an animal, whether or not it is a wolf.

lyceum /laɪˈsiːəm/ lycea lyceums n
liceum
(historical) A public hall designed for lectures, readings, or concerts.

lychee /laɪ̯ˈt͡ʃiː/ /ˈlaɪ̯t͡ʃi/ /ˈlit͡ʃi/ lychees n
liczi
The Chinese tropical fruit tree Litchi chinensis, of the soapberry family.

lycée lycées n
liceum
A public secondary school in France.

lye /laɪ/ lyes n
ług
An alkaline liquid made by leaching ashes (usually wood ashes).
Potassium or sodium hydroxide (caustic soda).

lyingly more lyingly most lyingly adv
kłamliwie

lymph /lɪmf/ lymphs n
chłonka limfa
(physiology) A colourless, watery, coagulable bodily fluid which bathes the tissues and is carried by the lymphatic system into the bloodstream; it resembles blood plasma in containing white blood cells and especially lymphocytes but normally few red blood cells and no platelets.

lymphatic more lymphatic most lymphatic adj
limfatyczny
(anatomy) Pertaining to lymph or the lymphatic system.

lymphoma /lɪmˈfoʊ.mə/ lymphomas lymphomata n
chłoniaki chłoniak
(oncology, pathology) A malignant tumor that arises in the lymph nodes or in other lymphoid tissue.

lynch /lɪnt͡ʃ/ v
linczować zlinczować
To execute (somebody) without a proper legal trial or procedure, especially by hanging and backed by a mob.

lynx /lɪŋks/ lynx lynxes n
ryś
Any of several medium-sized wild cats, mostly of the genus Lynx.

lyre /laɪɹ/ /ˈlaɪ.ə/ /ˈlaɪ.ɚ/ lyres n
lira
An ancient stringed musical instrument (a yoke lute chordophone) of Greek origin, consisting of two arms extending from a body to a crossbar (a yoke), and strings, parallel to the soundboard, connecting the body to the yoke.
A lyre-shaped sheet music holder that attaches to a wind instrument when a music stand is impractical.

lyrebird lyrebirds n
lirogon
Either of two large ground-dwelling Australian songbirds, of the genus Menura, named because of the beautiful tail feathers of the male of one species, the superb lyrebird (Menura novaehollandiae), which can be erected to look like a lyre, and notable for their extraordinary ability to mimic natural and artificial sounds from their environment.

lyric /ˈlɪɹ.ɪk/ lyrics n
liryk
A lyric poem.

lyric poetry n
liryka
(This entry is a translation hub.)

lyrical I n
liryczne ja
(poetry) The narrator within a poem.

lyricist /ˈlɪɹ.ɪsɪst/ lyricists n
tekściarz liryk
A person who writes the lyrics of a song.

lyrics /ˈlɪɹ.ɪks/ n
słowa tekst tekst piosenki
The words to a song (or other vocal music).

lysergic acid diethylamide n
dietyloamid kwasu lizergowego
(organic compound) A powerful synthetic hallucinogen, commonly abbreviated LSD.

lysine lysines n
lizyna
(amino acid) An essential amino acid, C6H14N2O2.

lysosome /ˈlaɪsəˌsoʊm/ lysosomes n
lizosom
(cytology) An organelle found in all types of animal cells which contains a large range of digestive enzymes capable of splitting most biological macromolecules.

m /m/ /ɛm/ v
metr

ma /mɑː/ n
mama
(colloquial) The landlady of a theater.

maar /mɑː/ /mɑːɹ/ maare maars n
maar

maca macas n
maka
Any of species Lepidium meyenii, an Andean medicinal herb, or an extract of the root of this plant.

macabre /məˈkɑb/ /ˌməˈkɑ.bɚ/ /ˌməˈkɑ.bɹə/ /ˌməˈkɑː.bə(ɹ)/ /ˌməˈkɑː.bɹə/ more macabre most macabre adj
makabryczny
Representing or personifying death.
Ghastly, shocking, terrifying.

macadam /məˈkædəm/ macadams n
makadam
(uncountable) The surface of a road consisting of layers of crushed stone (usually tar-coated for modern traffic).

macadamia /mækəˈdeɪmi.ə/ /mækəˈdeɪmjə/ macadamias n
makadamia
An evergreen tree, of the genus Macadamia, native to Australia and cultivated in Hawaii.

macadamia nut macadamia nuts n
makadamia orzech makadamia
The hard-shelled edible seed of the macadamia tree.

macadamization /məˌkædəmɪˈzeɪʃən/ macadamizations n
makadamizacja

macaque /məˈkæk/ /məˈkɑk/ /məˈkɑːk/ macaques n
makak
Any of a group of Old World monkeys of the subfamily Cercopithecinae, especially genus Macaca.

macaroni /mɑk.əˈɹəʊ.ni/ /ˌmækəˈɹoʊni/ macaronies macaronis n
rurki
(uncountable) A type of pasta in the form of short tubes; sometimes loosely, pasta in general. [from 17th c.]

macaronism macaronisms n
makaronizm
Macaronic language.

macaroon /ˌmæk.əɹˈuːn/ /ˌmæk.əˈɹun/ macaroons n
makaronik
A soft biscuit or cookie prepared with almond or coconut dough.

macaw /məˈkɑ/ /məˈkɔ/ /məˈkɔː/ macaws n
ara
Any of various parrots of the genera Ara, Anodorhynchus, Cyanopsitta, Orthopsittaca, Primolius and Diopsittaca of Central and South America, including the largest parrots and characterized by long sabre-shaped tails, curved powerful bills, and usually brilliant plumage.

macchia /ˈmæk.ɪa/ n
makchia makia
A shrubland biota in Mediterranean countries, typically consisting of densely-growing evergreen shrubs.

macchiato /ˌmækiˈɑːtəʊ/ /ˌmɑkiˈɑtoʊ/ macchiatos n
macchiato
Espresso topped with steamed milk.

mace /meɪs/ maces n
buzdygan maczuga buława
A ceremonial form of this weapon.

macerate /ˈmæs.ə.ɹeɪt/ /ˈmæs.ə.ɹɪt/ v
macerować
To soften (something) or separate it into pieces by soaking it in a heated or unheated liquid.
umartwiać się
(obsolete) To subdue the appetite by poor or scanty diet; to mortify.

machaca machacas n
latarnik surynamski

machete /məˈt͡ʃɛ.ti/ /məˈʃɛ.ti/ machetes n
maczeta
A sword-like tool used for cutting large plants with a chopping motion, or as a weapon. The blade is usually 50 to 65 centimeters long, and up to three millimeters thick.

machicolation /məˌtʃɪkəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ /məˌt͡ʃɪkəˈleɪʃən/ machicolations n
machikuły
(architectural element) An opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building from which missiles can be shot or heated items dropped upon assailants attacking the base of the walls.

machination /ˌmækɪˈneɪʃən/ /ˌmæʃɪˈneɪʃən/ machinations n
machinacja
A clever scheme or artful plot, usually crafted for evil purposes.

machine /məˈʃin/ /məˈʃiːn/ machines n
maszyna urządzenie ustrojstwo
A device that directs and controls energy, often in the form of movement or electricity, to produce a certain effect.
maszyna
(historical) A contrivance in the Ancient Greek theatre for indicating a change of scene, by means of which a god might cross the stage or deliver a divine message; the deus ex machina.

machine gun machine guns n
karabin maszynowy kaem kulomiot
A type of fully automatic firearm that fires bullets in rapid succession by a single action of the trigger and is capable of sustained fire.

machine language machine languages n
język maszynowy kod maszynowy
(programming) The set of instructions that a particular computer is designed to execute; generated from an assembly language by an assembler, or from a high-level language by a compiler or interpreter.

machine learning n
uczenie maszynowe
(artificial intelligence) A field of study concerned with the design and development of algorithms and techniques that allow computers to learn.

machine operator machine operators n
maszynista maszynistka
A person who operates machinery.

machine room machine rooms n
maszynownia
A limited-access room in a larger building dedicated to HVAC equipment and other machinery.

machine tool /məˈʃiːn ˈtuːl/ machine tools n
obrabiarka
(mechanical engineering) A tool, typically a power-driven machine and typically stationary, used especially for machining (removing hard material via cutting, grinding, or other subtractive processes) and (more broadly) for any mix of subtractive, forming/stamping, or additive work.

machine translation machine translations n
tłumaczenie maszynowe
(translation studies) The act of translating something from one language to another by means of a machine, especially a computer.

machine-gunner machine-gunners n
kaemista
(military unit) Someone who uses a machine gun.

machinery /məˈʃiːnəɹi/ machineries n
maszyneria
The machines constituting a production apparatus, in a plant etc., collectively.

machismo /mɑːˈt͡ʃiz.moʊ/ /məˈkɪz.məʊ/ /məˈt͡ʃiz.moʊ/ machismos n
machismo
exaggerated masculinity

macho /ˈmæt͡ʃ.əʊ/ /ˈmɑː.t͡ʃoʊ/ machos n
macho

mackerel /ˈmæk(ə)ɹəl/ mackerel mackerels n
makrela
Certain smaller edible fish, principally true mackerel and Spanish mackerel in family Scombridae, often speckled,

macramé /məˈkɹɑːmeɪ/ /məˈkɹɑːmi/ /ˈmækɹəˌmeɪ/ macramés n
makrama
A form of decorative textile made by knotting and weaving.

macro- /ˈmæk.ɹoʊ/ /ˈmæk.ɹəʊ/ prefix
makro-
large
long

macroanalysis macroanalyses n
makroanaliza
(chemistry) analysis (qualitative or quantitative) in which the size of the sample is of the order of grams.

macrocephaly macrocephalies n
makrocefalia
(medicine) A condition in which the head is abnormally large.

macroeconomic /ˌmækɹoʊˌɛkəˈnɑːmɪk/ /ˌmækɹəʊˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk/ more macroeconomic most macroeconomic adj
makroekonomiczny
Relating to macroeconomics.

macroeconomics /ˌmæk.ɹoʊˌiː.kəˈnɒ.mɪks/ /ˌmæk.ɹoʊˌɛ.kəˈnɒ.mɪks/ n
makroekonomia
The study of the entire economy in terms of the total amount of goods and services produced, total income earned, the level of employment of productive resources, and the general behavior of prices.

macroflora n
makroflora
plants that can be seen with the naked eye

macron /ˈmeɪkɹɑn/ /ˈmeɪkɹɒn/ /ˈmækɹɑn/ /ˈmækɹɒn/ macra macrons n
makron
(orthography) A short, straight, horizontal diacritical mark (◌̄) placed over a letter, usually to indicate that the pronunciation of a vowel is long. [from 19th c.]

macrophanerophyte macrophanerophytes n
makrofanerofit
(biology) Any phanerophyte between 30 and 50 metres in height

macrophotography n
makrofotografia
Photography that is done up close; close-up photography.

macroscopic adj
makroskopowy
Visible to the unassisted eye.

mad /ˈmæd/ /ˈmæːd/ madder maddest adj
szalony
(chiefly, British Isles) Insane; crazy, mentally deranged.

mad cow disease n
choroba szalonych krów
(colloquial, veterinary, pathology) Synonym of bovine spongiform encephalopathy

mad scientist mad scientists n
szalony naukowiec
A stock character in popular fiction; a bumbling scientist working on unlikely ways to save the world, or a villainous one bent on destroying it.

madam /məˈdam/ /məˈdæm/ /ˈmeɪd.əm/ /ˈmæd.əm/ madams mesdames n
pani
A polite form of address for a woman or lady.
królewna
(colloquial) A conceited or quarrelsome girl.
burdelmama bajzelmama
(slang) A woman who runs a brothel, particularly one that specializes in finding prostitutes for rich and important clients.

madder /ˈmædə(ɹ)/ /ˈmædɚ/ [ˈmadə(ɹ)] [ˈmæɾɚ] madders n
marzana
A dye made from the plant.

made for each other adj
stworzony dla siebie
(idiomatic, of two persons) Well suited to be in a relationship with one another, especially as romantic or marital partners.

made in China adj
wyprodukowano w Chinach
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see Manufactured in the People's Republic of China.

madeleine /ˈmad(ə)lɛn/ /ˈmad(ə)lɪn/ /ˈmædələn/ /ˌmædəˈleɪn/ madeleines n
magdalenka
A French type of small gateau or sponge cake, often shaped like an elongated scallop shell.

madhouse madhouses n
dom wariatów psychiatryk szpital psychiatryczny wariatkowo
(obsolete) A house where insane persons are confined; an insane asylum.

madman madmen n
szaleniec wariat czubek jebnięty obłąkaniec oszołom
A male who is insane or mentally disturbed.

madness /ˈmad.nəs/ /ˈmæd.nəs/ /ˈmæd.nɪs/ /ˈmɛd.nɘs/ madnesses n
obłęd szaleństwo amok fioł kręciek niepoczytalność
The state of being mad; insanity; mental disease.

madrasah /məˈdɹæsə/ madaris madrasahs n
madrasa medresa
(Islam) A school for any kind of teaching, at any grade level; usually specifically a school that teaches Islamic theology.

madrigal /ˈmæd͡ɹɪɡəl/ madrigals n
madrygał
(music) A song for a small number of unaccompanied voices; from 13th century Italy.
(music) A polyphonic song for about six voices, from 16th century Italy.
(poetry) A short poem, often pastoral, and suitable to be set to music.

madwoman madwomen n
nienormalna szajbuska wariatka
A woman who is insane.

maelstrom /-stɹɒm/ /-ˌstɹəm/ /-ˌztɹɔm/ /-ˌztɹəm/ /ˈmeɪlˌstɹɔm/ /ˈmeɪlˌstɹəm/ /ˈmælˌstɹəm/ maelstroms n
wir
A large and violent whirlpool.
zamieszanie zamęt
(figuratively) A chaotic or turbulent situation.

maenad /ˈmiː.næd/ maenades maenads n
menada
(Greek mythology) A female follower of Dionysus, associated with intense reveling.

maestro /maɪˈɛstɹoʊ/ /ˈmaɪstɹoʊ/ maestri maestros n
maestro
(chiefly, music) A master in some art, especially a composer or conductor.

mafia /ˈmæfi.ə/ /ˈmɑfi.ə/ mafias n
mafia
A crime syndicate.

magazine /mæɡ.əˈziːn/ /ˈmæɡ.ə.ziːn/ magazines n
czasopismo magazyn
A non-academic periodical publication, generally consisting of sheets of paper folded in half and stapled at the fold.
skład amunicji
(military) An ammunition storehouse.
magazynek
A chamber in or attachable to a firearm enabling multiple rounds of ammunition to be fed into the firearm.

mage /meɪd͡ʒ/ mages magi n
czarodziej mag
(chiefly, fantasy) A magician, wizard or sorcerer.

magenta /məˈd͡ʒɛntə/ more magenta most magenta adj
magenta
having the colour of fuchsia, fuchsine, light purple.

magenta /məˈd͡ʒɛntə/ magentas n
magenta
A colour which is close to an equal mixture of red and blue which is n additive secondary colour but a subtractive primary colour evoked by the combination of red and blue light.

maggot /ˈmæɡət/ maggots n
larwa czerw robak mada
A soft, legless larva of a fly or other dipterous insect, that often eats decomposing organic matter. [from 15th c.]

maggoty /ˈmæɡəti/ more maggoty most maggoty adj
robaczywy
(literally) Infested with and/or partially eaten by maggots; flyblown.

magic /ˈmad͡ʒɪk/ /ˈmæd͡ʒɪk/ adj
magiczny
Having supernatural talents, properties or qualities attributed to magic. [from 14th c.]

magic /ˈmad͡ʒɪk/ /ˈmæd͡ʒɪk/ magics n
magia czary
The application of rituals or actions, especially those based on occult knowledge, to subdue or manipulate natural or supernatural beings and forces in order to have some benefit from them. [from 14th c.]

magic carpet magic carpets n
latający dywan
(fiction) A carpet capable either of magical flight, or instantaneous transport from one place to another, used as a means of travel.

magic lantern magic lanterns n
latarnia projekcyjna
(historical) An early light projector and precursor to the slide projector that could achieve simple animation by moving and merging images.

magic mushroom magic mushrooms n
grzyb halucynogenny
(informal) Any mushroom-like fungus that has psychedelic effects.

magic realism magic realisms n
realizm magiczny

magic trick magic tricks n
magiczna sztuczka
A remarkable act carried out purportedly by magical means but in reality performed by trickery or illusion, generally as a form of entertainment.

magic wand magic wands n
różdżka
A wand, usually made of wood, that is used to perform magic.

magical /ˈmæd͡ʒɪkəl/ more magical most magical adj
magiczny czarodziejski
Of, relating to, or by means of magic.

magically /ˈmæd͡ʒɪkli/ more magically most magically adv
magicznie
In a magical manner; by magic, or as if by magic.

magician /məˈd͡ʒɪʃən/ magicianess magicians n
czarownik czarodziej magik
A person who plays with or practices allegedly supernatural magic.
mag
(sometimes, derogatory) A spiritualist or practitioner of mystic arts.
magik
A performer of tricks or an escapologist or an illusionist.

magister /ˈmæd͡ʒɪstə(ɹ)/ magisters n
magister
The possessor of a master's degree.

maglev /ˈmæɡ.lɛv/ maglevs n
kolej magnetyczna
(rail transport) sort of train supported by magnetic levitation

magma /ˈmæɡ.mə/ magmas magmata n
magma
(geology) The molten matter within the earth, the source of the material of lava flows, dikes of eruptive rocks, etc.

magnanimity /ˌmæɡnəˈnɪmɪti/ magnanimities n
wielkoduszność wspaniałomyślność
The quality of being magnanimous; greatness of mind; elevation or dignity of soul.

magnanimous /mæɡˈnæn.ɪ.məs/ more magnanimous most magnanimous adj
wielkoduszny
Noble and generous in spirit.

magnate /ˈmæɡneɪt/ /ˈmæɡnət/ magnates n
magnat magnatka
Powerful industrialist; captain of industry.

magnesite magnesites n
magnezyt
(mineral) A form of magnesium carbonate, MgCO3, occurring as dolomite (with calcite) but rarely found in the pure state.

magnesium /ˌmæɡˈnizi.əm/ /ˌmæɡˈniʒəm/ /ˌmæɡˈniːzi.əm/ n
magnez
The chemical element (symbol Mg) with an atomic number of 12. It is a light, easily flammable, silvery-white alkaline earth metal.

magnesium oxide n
tlenek magnezowy
(inorganic compound) A white powder (MgO) with a high melting point; it occurs naturally as periclase, an ore of magnesium.

magnet /ˈmæɡnət/ /ˈmæɡnɪt/ magnets n
magnes
A piece of material that attracts some metals by magnetism.

magnet- /maɡˌniːt/ prefix
magneto-
magnet, magnetic, magnetism

magnetic /mæɡˈnɛtɪk/ more magnetic most magnetic adj
magnetyczny
Of, relating to, operating by, or caused by magnetism.

magnetic compass magnetic compasses n
busola
(military, nautical) An instrument containing a freely suspended magnetic element which displays the direction of the horizontal component of the Earth’s magnetic field at the point of observation.

magnetic declination magnetic declinations n
deklinacja
The horizontal angle between magnetic north and true north at a given place.

magnetic field magnetic fields n
pole magnetyczne
(physics) A condition in the space around a magnet or electric current in which there is a detectable magnetic force and two magnetic poles are present.

magnetic pole magnetic poles n
biegun magnetyczny

magnetize v
magnesować magnetyzować
(transitive, physics) To make magnetic.

magneto /maɡˈniːtəʊ/ magnetos n
iskrownik

magnetoencephalography magnetoencephalographies n
magnetoencefalografia
a technique used to measure and analyze magnetic activity in the brain

magnification /ˌmæɡnɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ magnifications n
powiększanie
The act of magnifying; enlargement; exaggeration.
powiększenie
The apparent enlargement of an object in an image.

magnify /ˈmaɡnɪfaɪ/ /ˈmæɡnɪfaɪ/ v
powiększać
(transitive) To make (something) larger or more important. [from 14th c.]

magnifying glass magnifying glasses n
lupa szkło powiększające
An instrument made of convex glass, used to magnify.

magnitude /ˈmæɡnɪtjuːd/ magnitudes n
wielkość
(uncountable, countable) The absolute or relative size, extent or importance of something.
wielkość gwiazdowa
(uncountable) The apparent brightness of a star, with lower magnitudes being brighter; apparent magnitude
wielkość gwiazdowa długość norma wartość
(astronomy) A logarithmic scale of brightness defined so that a difference of 5 magnitudes is a factor of 100.
magnituda
(seismology) A measure of the energy released by an earthquake (e.g. on the Richter scale).

magnolia warbler magnolia warblers n
lasówka magnoliowa
A warbler most commonly found in North America, of species Setophaga magnolia.

magnum opus /ˌmæɡnəm ˈoʊpəs/ /ˌmæɡnəm ˈəʊpəs/ magna opera magnum opi magnum opuses n
magnum opus opus magnum
A great or important work of literature, music or art, a masterpiece.
The best, most popular, or most renowned achievement of an author or artist, representing their major life effort.

magpie /ˈmæɡˌpaɪ/ magpies n
sroka
One of several kinds of bird in the family Corvidae, especially Pica pica.
dzierzbowron
A superficially similar Australian bird, Gymnorhina tibicen or Cracticus tibicen.

magpie moth magpie moths n
plamiec agreściak
Abraxas grossulariata (Geometridae), of North America and Europe.

maharaja /ˌmɑ.hɑˈɹɑː.d͡ʒɑ/ /ˌmɑ.hɑˈɹɑː.d͡ʒə/ /ˌmɑ.həˈɹɑː.d͡ʒə/ maharajas n
maharadża
A Hindu monarch ranking above a raja, an emperor.

mahjong /mɑˈd͡ʒɑŋ/ /mɑˈd͡ʒɔŋ/ /mɑˈʒɑŋ/ /mɑˈʒɔŋ/ /mɑːˈd͡ʒɒŋ/ /mɑːˈʒɒŋ/ n
madżong
A game (originally Chinese) for four players, using a collection of tiles divided into five or six suits.

mahogany /məˈhɒɡəni/ mahoganies n
mahoniowiec
(uncountable) The valuable wood of any of various tropical American evergreen trees, of the genus Swietenia, mostly used to make furniture. [from 17th c.]
mahoń mahoniowiec
(countable) Any of the trees from which such wood comes. [from 18th c.]
mahoń
A reddish-brown color, like that of mahogany wood. [from 19th c.]
(obsolete, colloquial) A table made from mahogany wood; a dining table. [19th c.]

mahonia mahonias n
mahonia

mahout /məˈhaʊt/ /məˈhaːʋəθ/ /məˈhut/ /məˈhuːt/ mahouts n
kornak
(South Asia) An elephant trainer, keeper, and driver.

maid /meɪd/ maids n
dziewczyna dziewa panna
(dated, or, poetic) A girl or an unmarried young woman; maiden.
(archaic) A virgin, now female but originally one of either gender.
służąca dziewczyna dziewa panna pokojówka
A female servant or cleaner (short for maidservant).

maiden /ˈmeɪdən/ maidens n
panna dziewczyna
(now, _, chiefly, _, literary) A girl or an unmarried young woman.
dziewica
A female virgin.

maiden flight maiden flights n
dziewiczy lot
The first flight of an airplane or other airborne vehicle, usually used to test or demonstrate the functions of the systems.

maiden name maiden names n
nazwisko panieńskie nazwisko rodowe
The original last name of a person, usually a woman, who has changed their last name upon marriage.

maidenhair /ˈmeɪdənhɛəɹ/ /ˈmeɪdənhɛː/ maidenhairs n
niekropień złotowłos
Either of two species of genus Adiantum of fern with delicate, hair-like stalks, especially Adiantum capillus-veneris.

maidenhead maidenheads n
dziewictwo
(uncountable) Virginity.
błona dziewicza hymen
(anatomy) The hymen.

maidenhood /ˈmeɪd(ə)nhʊd/ maidenhoods n
dziewictwo
(uncountable) The condition of being a maiden; the time when one is a maiden or young girl.

mail /meɪl/ mails n
poczta
(now, _, regional) A bag or wallet. [from 13thc.]
A bag containing letters to be delivered by post.
The material conveyed by the postal service. [from 17thc.]
(dated) A stagecoach, train or ship that delivers such post.
The postal service or system in general. [from 17thc.]
(chiefly, _, US, uncountable) The letters, parcels, etc. delivered to a particular address or person. [from 19thc.]
(uncountable) Electronic mail, e-mail: a computer network–based service for sending, storing, and forwarding electronic messages. [from 20thc.]
(countable) An email message.
A trunk, box, or bag, in which clothing, etc., may be carried.
kolczuga
(uncountable, history) Armour consisting of metal rings linked together.

mail truck mail trucks n
ambulans pocztowy
A vehicle used by mail carriers to store and deliver mail.

mailman /ˈmeɪl.mæn, ˈmeɪl.mən/ mailmen n
listonosz listonoszka listowy
(North America) someone who delivers mail to, and/or collects mail from, residential or commercial addresses, or from public mailboxes

maim /meɪm/ v
okaleczać okaleczyć
To wound seriously; to cause permanent loss of function of a limb or part of the body.

main /meɪn/ adj
główny
Chief, most important, or principal in extent, size, or strength; consisting of the largest part.

main battle tank main battle tanks n
główny czołg bojowy
The primary tank of a country or armed forces.

main clause main clauses n
zdanie nadrzędne zdanie główne
(grammar) A clause that can stand alone syntactically as a complete sentence and contains at least a subject and a verb.

main course main courses n
danie główne drugie danie
The main serving or dish of a meal, usually cooked.

main sequence main sequences n
ciąg główny
(star) A major grouping of stars represented on a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram by a nearly uniform band of increasing luminosity with increasing surface temperature.

mainland China pn
Chiny kontynentalne
The People's Republic of China, viewed as the general geographical region administered by the PRC in the aftermath of the Chinese Civil War (as opposed to Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan which are coastal and insular areas)

mainly /ˈmeɪnli/ adv
głównie
Chiefly; for the most part. [from 17th c.]

mainmast /ˈmeɪn.mæst/ /ˈmeɪn.mɑːst/ mainmasts n
grotmaszt
(nautical) The tallest mast of a sailing ship that has more than one mast; particularly a full-rigged ship.
(nautical) The second-foremost mast of a non-sailing ship with more than one mast.

mains /meɪnz/ n
sieć
(chiefly, British) The domestic electrical power supply.

mainspring mainsprings n
sprężyna napędowa
(horology) The principal spring of a clockwork mechanism, which drives it by uncoiling.

mainstream more mainstream most mainstream adj
mainstreamowy
Used or accepted broadly rather than by small portions of a population or market.

mainstream mainstreams n
mainstream
(usually, with the) That which is common; the norm.

maintenance /ˈmeɪnt(ə)nəns/ /ˈmeɪntɪnəns/ [ˈmẽɪ̃(n)ʔ(ə)nəns] maintenances n
konserwacja
Actions performed to keep some machine or system functioning or in service.
utrzymanie
Money required or spent to provide for the needs of a person or a family.

maize /meɪz/ [meːz] maizes n
kukurydza kukurydza zwyczajna
Corn; a type of grain of the species Zea mays.

majestic /məˈd͡ʒɛstɪk/ more majestic most majestic adj
majestatyczny
Having qualities of splendor or royalty.

majestic plural majestic plurals n
pluralis majestatis
The first-person plural pronoun as traditionally used by a sovereign in formal speech to refer to themselves in their role as the monarch.

majesty /ˈmæd͡ʒ.əs.ti/ /ˈmæd͡ʒ.ɪs.tɪ/ majesties n
majestat
The quality of being impressive and great.

major /ˈmeɪ.d͡ʒə(ɹ)/ more major most major adj
istotny poważny znaczny
Greater in dignity, rank, importance, significance, or interest.
pełnoletni
Of full legal age, having attained majority.
dur
(education) Of or relating to a subject of academic study chosen as a field of specialization.
(postpositive) (of a key) Based on a major scale, tending to produce a bright or joyful effect.
Occurring as the predicate in the conclusion of a categorical syllogism. (of a term)
durowy dur
Equivalent to that between the tonic and another note of a major scale, and greater by a semitone than the corresponding minor interval. (of an interval)

major /ˈmeɪ.d͡ʒə(ɹ)/ majors n
major
(military ranks) A rank of officer in the army and the US air force, between captain and lieutenant colonel.
pełnoletni pełnoletnia
A person of legal age.
kierunek rozszerzenie specjalizacja
(education, North America, Australia, New Zealand) The principal subject or course of a student working toward a degree at a college or university.

major /ˈmeɪ.d͡ʒə(ɹ)/ v
specjalizować

major arcana n
wielkie arkana
The 22 trumps of a deck of tarot cards.

major general major generals n
generał major
A military officer in the armies of most nations, typically ranking below a lieutenant general and above a brigadier.

major piece major pieces n
ciężka figura
(chess) A queen or a rook.

major third major thirds n
tercja wielka
(music) A musical interval in Western music that is equal to or approximates a frequency ratio of 5/4. In twelve-tone equal temperament, it consists of four standard semitones, spans three degrees of the diatonic scale, and is enharmonically equivalent to a diminished fourth. Major scales are so named because of the major third interval between the tonic and mediant of a major tonic triad.

majordomo /ˌmeɪ.d͡ʒəˈdəʊ.məʊ/ /ˌmeɪ.d͡ʒɚˈdoʊ.moʊ/ majordomos n
majordomus
The head servant or official in a royal Spanish or Italian household; later, any head servant in a wealthy household in a foreign country; a leading servant or butler.

majorette /ˌmeɪ.d͡ʒəˈɹɛt/ majorettes n
mażoretka
A dancer who twirls and performs stunts with a lightweight baton, whether as a solo, in a group of majorettes, or in the company of a marching band.

majority /məˈd͡ʒɑɹɪti/ /məˈd͡ʒɒɹɪti/ /məˈd͡ʒɔɹɪti/ majorities n
większość
More than half (50%) of some group.
The difference between the winning vote and the rest of the votes.

make /meɪk/ [meɪkʲ] [meːk] [mɛːk] makes n
marka
Brand or kind; model.

make /meɪk/ [meɪkʲ] [meːk] [mɛːk] v
robić wykonywać wytwarzać produkować tworzyć czynić
(obsolete) To act in a certain manner; to have to do; to manage; to interfere; to be active; often in the phrase to meddle or make.

make a difference v
robić różnicę zrobić różnicę
(idiomatic, intransitive) To carry out an action, the result of which is a significant change, or an altered circumstance.
(idiomatic, intransitive) To be of importance; to matter.

make a fool of v
błaznować błaźnić się zbłaźnić się
(transitive) To cause (someone) to seem foolish.

make a killing v
zbijać kasę
(idiomatic) To win or earn a large amount of money.

make a living v
zarabiać na życie
To earn enough income to support oneself and, if applicable, one's family.

make a mistake v
błądzić błędzić zabłądzić
To err, to be wrong. (This entry is a translation hub.)

make a mountain out of a molehill v
robić z igły widły robić z muchy słonia
(transitive, idiomatic) To treat a problem as greater than it is; to blow something out of proportion; to exaggerate the importance of something trivial.

make a name for oneself v
wyrabiać sobie renomę wyrabiać sobie reputację wyrobić sobie renomę wyrobić sobie reputację
(idiomatic) to gain fame, to become well-known

make a point v
nie omieszkać
(idiomatic) To take care in doing something; to pay attention or ensure that something is done.

make a spectacle of oneself v
robić z siebie widowisko zrobić z siebie widowisko
(idiomatic, originally, _, US) To embarrass oneself or others in public.

make an example of v
karać przykładowo ukarać przykładowo
(transitive, idiomatic) To punish someone so as to give a warning to others.

make an exhibition of oneself v
robić z siebie widowisko zrobić z siebie widowisko
(idiomatic, UK) To embarrass oneself or others in public by behaving foolishly.

make common cause v
[[angażować|angażować (się)]] w sprawę [[zaangażować|zaangażować (się)]] w sprawę

make do v
obywać się obyć się radzić sobie
(intransitive, idiomatic, informal) To survive, get by (with), or use whatever is available (due to lack of resources).

make ends meet v
wiązać koniec z końcem
(idiomatic) To have enough money to cover expenses; to get by financially; to get through the pay period (sufficient to meet the next payday).

make friends v
zaprzyjaźniać się zaprzyjaźnić się
(intransitive) To form friendships with others.
(construed with with) To befriend.

make fun of v
wyśmiać wyśmiewać
(idiomatic, informal) To tease, ridicule or make jokes about, generally in a pejorative manner.

make hay v
kosić trawę
(literally) To cut grass to turn into hay for animal feed.

make hay while the sun shines v
kuć żelazo, póki gorące
(idiomatic) To act while an opportunity exists; to take action while a situation is favorable.

make head or tail of v
połapać się siedzieć jak na tureckim kazaniu
(idiomatic, chiefly in the negative, with can't/cannot) To understand even minimally.

make history v
tworzyć historię
(idiomatic) To do something that will be widely remembered for a long time.

make it v
zdążać zdążyć
To succeed in doing something, for example in reaching a place, going somewhere, attending an event, arriving in time for something, adding to one's schedule or itinerary, or in getting where one wants to be in one's life or career, which sometimes means becoming or wanting to become successful (succeed in a big way) or famous.

make light of v
bimbać
(idiomatic) To regard without due seriousness; to joke about.

make love v
kochać uprawiać miłość
(euphemistic) To engage in sexual intercourse. [from 20th c.]

make love, not war phraseologicalUnit
czyń miłość, nie wojnę
A hippie anti-war slogan encouraging love and peace.

make no odds v
być wszystko jedno

make one's bed and lie in it v
nawarzyć piwa
(idiomatic) To create a difficult situation whose unpleasant consequences one must now endure.

make one's mark v
wyciskać piętno wycisnąć piętno

make oneself at home v
czuć się jak u siebie w domu poczuć się jak u siebie w domu
(idiomatic) To make oneself comfortable as if one were in one's own home.

make out /meɪk aʊt/ /meɪk æɔt/ /meɪk æʊt/ /meɪk ɘʉt/ /meɪk ʌʊt/ v
zrozumieć
(transitive) To discern; to manage to see, hear etc. [from 16th c.]

make peace v
zawierać pokój zawrzeć pokój
To end hostilities; to reach a peace agreement; to initiate or resume a cordial relationship after a period of animosity.

make sense v
kleić się trzymać się kupy
(informal) Used to express interest or desire in something; to be pleasing or beneficial; to work, be operative, or be advantageous to.

make someone's day v
upiększać komuś dzień upiększyć komuś dzień
(idiomatic) To make someone happy, or be a source of satisfaction, for the rest of the day.

make sure v
upewniać upewniać się upewnić upewnić się
To make oneself certain (of something, or that something is the case); to verify, to ascertain. [from 17th c.]

make the bed v
słać łóżko ścielić łóżko
To arrange the sheets, blankets, or other coverings of a bed smoothly and neatly, with the corners tucked under the mattress.

make up /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ v
wymyślić
To invent, to imagine, to concoct
pogodzić się
To make peace, to settle a dispute.

make up one's mind v
decydować zdecydować
(idiomatic) To decide; to reach a conclusion.

make use v
posiłkować się
(with of) To use, usually productively and/or for a specific purpose.

make yourself at home phraseologicalUnit
czuj się jak u siebie w domu czujcie się jak u siebie w domu gość w dom, Bóg w dom
(idiom) An invitation to a guest in the speaker's home to treat the house as if it were theirs.

make-up artist make-up artists n
charakteryzator charakteryzatorka makijażysta makijażystka
A person who applies makeup and prosthetics for theatrical, television, film, fashion, magazines and similar productions.

makeshift /ˈmeɪkˌʃɪft/ more makeshift most makeshift adj
prowizoryczny
Made to work or suffice; improvised; substituted.

makeshift /ˈmeɪkˌʃɪft/ makeshifts n
prowizorka
A temporary (usually insubstantial) substitution.

makeup /ˈmeɪkʌp/ makeups n
układ
(countable, uncountable) An item's composition.
makijaż
(countable, uncountable) Cosmetics; colorants and other substances applied to the skin to alter its appearance.

makeup remover makeup removers n
abszminka płyn do demakijażu
A product used to remove makeup, typically a solvent.

makhorka /məˈkɔː(ɹ)kə/ /məˈxɔː(ɹ)kə/ makhorkas n
tytoń bakun
(chiefly, Russia) A coarse, strong type of tobacco (Nicotiana rustica), especially grown in Russia and Ukraine.

mako shark mako sharks n
ostronos
Either of two powerful mackerel sharks of the genus Isurus, having a large heavy body, a sharp nose and a nearly symmetrical tail, found in southern oceans.

malachite /ˈmæl.əˌkaɪt/ malachites n
malachit
(mineral) A bright green mineral, a basic copper carbonate, Cu2CO3(OH)2; one of the principal ores of copper.
A mild green colour, like that of the mineral.

malapropism /ˈmæləpɹɑpˌɪzəm/ /ˈmæləpɹɒpˌɪzəm/ malapropisms n
malapropizm
(uncountable) The blundering use of an absurdly inappropriate word or expression in place of a similar-sounding one.

malaria /məˈlɛə.ɹi.ə/ malarias n
malaria
A disease spread by mosquito, in which a protozoan, Plasmodium, multiplies in blood every few days.

malariology n
malariologia

malarkey /məˈlɑɹki/ /məˈlɑːki/ malarkeys n
brednie bzdura humbug
(originally, US, informal) Nonsense; rubbish. [from 1920s]

malaxator malaxators n
malakser
An agent used to assist in malaxating something, such as butter or oil.

male /meɪl/ maler malest more male most male adj
męski
Belonging to the sex which typically produces sperm, or to the gender which is typically associated with it. [from 14th c.]

male /meɪl/ males n
mężczyzna
A human member of the masculine sex or gender.
samiec
One of the male (masculine) sex or gender.

male chauvinist male chauvinists n
męski szowinista
A male advocate of male chauvinism.

male fern male ferns n
nerecznica samcza paprotnik samczy
Dryopteris filix-mas, from which is derived a vermifuge preparation.

male gaze n
male gaze
(sociology) The implicit assumption or presentation of the viewpoint of a heterosexual man in films and other visual media, often manifesting in lingering, eroticized shots of women's bodies.

malefactor /ˈmæləˌfæktɚ/ malefactors n
złoczyńca
An evildoer.

maleficent /məˈlɛf.ɪ.sənt/ more maleficent most maleficent adj
szkodliwy zbrodniczy
Harmful or evil in intent or effect.

malevolence /məˈlɛvələns/ malevolences n
wrogość złowrogość
Hostile attitude or feeling.

malevolent /məˈlɛvələnt/ more malevolent most malevolent adj
złowrogi wrogi
Having or displaying ill will; wishing harm on others.
wrogi złowrogi
Having an evil or harmful influence.

malfunction /ˌmælˈfʌŋk.ʃən/ malfunctions n
wadliwe działanie
Faulty functioning.
awaria
Failure to function.

malfunction /ˌmælˈfʌŋk.ʃən/ v
wadliwie działać
To function improperly.
nie działać wadliwie działać
To fail to function.

malic acid n
kwas jabłkowy
(organic compound) A colourless crystalline dicarboxylic acid, hydroxy-malonic acid, found in wine, apples and other fruit; it is converted to lactic acid by malolactic fermentation.

malice /ˈmælɪs/ malices n
złośliwość pakość złoba
Intention to harm or deprive in an illegal or immoral way. Desire to take pleasure in another's misfortune.

malicious /məˈlɪʃəs/ more malicious most malicious adj
wrogi złowrogi złośliwy zły
Intending to do harm; characterized by spite and malice.

malignant /məˈlɪɡnənt/ more malignant most malignant adj
szkodliwy
Harmful, malevolent, injurious.
złośliwy
(medicine) Tending to produce death; threatening a fatal issue.

malinger /məˈlɪŋɡə/ /məˈlɪŋɡɚ/ v
symulować udawać chorego udać chorego
(ambitransitive) To feign illness, injury, or incapacitation in order to avoid work, obligation, or perilous risk.

malingerer /məˈlɪŋɡəɹə/ malingerers n
symulant symulantka
A person who malingers.

mallard /ˈmæl.ɑː(ɹ)d/ /ˈmælɚd/ mallard mallards n
kaczka krzyżówka
Anas platyrhynchos, a common and widespread dabbling duck, natively found throughout the Northern Hemisphere, whose male has a distinctive dark green head.

malleable /ˈmæl.iː.ə.bəl/ [-bɯ] [ˈmaɫiəbəɫ] [ˈmæɫiəbɫ̩] [ˈmɛɫiəbɫ̩] more malleable most malleable adj
kowalny kujny
Able to be hammered into thin sheets; capable of being extended or shaped by beating with a hammer, or by the pressure of rollers.
podatny
(metaphorical) Flexible, liable to change.

mallet /ˈmælɪt/ mallets n
drewniany młotek knypel obijak podbijak
(music) A small hammer-like tool used for playing certain musical instruments.

malleus /ˈmæl.i.əs/ mallei n
młoteczek
(anatomy) The small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear.
chitynowa płytka młoteczek ząb
(zoology) One of the paired calcareous structures within the mastax of rotifers.

mallow /ˈmæloʊ/ /ˈmæləʊ/ mallows n
ślaz
Any of a group of flowering plants in several genera of the taxonomic family Malvaceae, especially of the genus Malva. Several species are edible by humans.

malmsey /ˈmɑ(l)mzi/ /ˈmɑːmzɪ/ malmseys n
małmazja
A sweet fortified wine made in Madeira, originally from the malvasia grape.

malnutrition malnutritions n
niedożywienie
A lack of adequate nourishment.

malodorous /ˌmælˈoʊ.də.ɹəs/ /ˌmælˈəʊ.də.ɹəs/ more malodorous most malodorous adj
cuchnący śmierdzący
Having a bad odor.
nieprzyzwoity
(figuratively) Highly improper.

malpractice malpractices n
błąd w sztuce
Improper or unethical conduct by a professional or official person.

malt /mɑlt/ /mɔlt/ malts n
słód
Malted grain (sprouted grain) (usually barley), used in brewing and otherwise.

malt whisky malt whiskies n
whisky słodowa
Whisky made only from malted barley.

malthouse malthouses n
słodownia
A plant where malt is produced.

maltose /ˈmɔːltəʊz/ maltoses n
maltoza
(carbohydrate) A disaccharide, C12H22O11 formed from the digestion of starch by amylase; is converted to glucose by maltase; it is an isomer of trehalose

malvasia /ˌmalvəˈsɪə/ /ˌmælvəˈsi.ə/ /ˌmælvəˈzi.ə/ malvasias n
małmazja
A variety of grape, originally from the region of the Aegean, now used to make malmsey wine.

malware /ˈmæl.weə(ɹ)/ malwares n
szkodliwe oprogramowanie złośliwe oprogramowanie
(computing) Software which has been designed to operate in a malicious, undesirable manner.

mama's boy mama's boys n
maminsynek
(informal, idiomatic, derogatory, North America) A male who has a very close bond with his mother, and may consequently be perceived as soft or effeminate.

mamba /ˈmɑm.bɑ/ mambas n
mamba
Any of various venomous snakes of the genus Dendroaspis, native to Africa, that live in trees.

mammal /ˈmæməl/ mammals n
ssak
An animal of the class Mammalia, characterized by being warm-blooded, having hair and producing milk with which to feed its young.

mammary gland mammary glands n
gruczoł mlekowy
(anatomy) A gland that secretes milk for suckling an infant or offspring.

mammillary body mammillary bodies n
ciało suteczkowate
(anatomy) One of a pair of small round bodies, located on the undersurface of the human brain, that act as a relay for impulses coming from the amygdalae and hippocampi to the thalamus, and (as part of the diencephalon) form part of the limbic system.

mammography mammographies n
mammografia
(medicine) X-ray examination of the breasts for diagnosing and locating abnormalities, especially tumours.

mammoth /ˈmæməθ/ more mammoth most mammoth adj
mamuci
Comparable to a mammoth in its size; very large, huge, gigantic.

mammoth /ˈmæməθ/ mammoths n
mamut
Any species of the extinct genus Mammuthus, of large, usually hairy, elephant-like mammals with long curved tusks and an inclined back, which became extinct with the last retreat of ice age glaciers during the late Pleistocene period, and are known from fossils, frozen carcasses, and Paleolithic cave paintings found in North America and Eurasia.

mamzer mamzerim mamzers n
mamzer
(Judaism) A child born to Jewish parents whose relationship is incestuous or otherwise forbidden by Jewish law (e.g. an unmarried man and a married woman), or the descendant of such a person.
A contemptible person; a jerk.

man /meːn/ /mæn/ [meən] [mɑn] [mɛn] [mɛən] [mẽə̃n] interjection
człowieku stary
Used to place emphasis upon something or someone; sometimes, but not always, when actually addressing a man.

man /meːn/ /mæn/ [meən] [mɑn] [mɛn] [mɛən] [mẽə̃n] men n
człowiek ludzie istota ludzka
(collective) All humans collectively: mankind, humankind, humanity. (Sometimes capitalized as Man.)
mężczyzna człowiek mąż pan
A male person, usually an adult; a (generally adult male) sentient being, whether human, supernatural, elf, alien, etc.
pionek
A piece or token used in board games such as backgammon.

man day man days n
dniówka osobodzień
The amount of work that one person can complete in one day, often considered to be equivalent to eight man hours

man is a wolf to man proverb
człowiek człowiekowi wilkiem kruk krukowi oka nie wykole
Humans prey upon one another.

man is the measure of all things phraseologicalUnit
człowiek jest miarą wszystkiego

man of action men of action n
człowiek czynu

man of letters men of letters n
literat
(dated) A literary man; a scholar or author.

man of the people men of the people n
człowiek ludu
(idiomatic) A man, usually a celebrity or political leader, who shows understanding of and sympathy for the concerns of ordinary people, and who has a rapport with and acceptance by them.

man of the world men of the world n
światowiec
A worldly or sophisticated man, one well versed in the ways and dealings of humankind.

man overboard interjection
człowiek za burtą
(nautical) A cry used to announce that one of the crew or passengers has fallen over the side of the vessel.

man proposes, God disposes proverb
człowiek strzela, Pan Bóg kule nosi
Things don't always work out as they were planned.

man shall not live by bread alone proverb
nie samym chlebem żyje człowiek

man-at-arms /ˌmæn‿ət‿ˈɑː(ɹ)mz/ men-at-arms n
zbrojny
(historical) A heavily-armed mounted member of medieval cavalry.

man-day man-days n
osobodzień dniówka
One person's working time for a day, or the equivalent, used as a measure of how much work or labor is required or consumed to perform some task.

man-eater man-eaters n
ludojad
An animal that attacks and kills humans for food, such as certain tigers or sharks; any animal that consumes human flesh.
antropofag kanibal ludojad ludożerca
A cannibal; a human that eats other humans.

man-hour man-hours n
osobogodzina
The amount of work that can be done by one person in an hour.

man-made adj
syntetyczny sztuczny
Created by people, as opposed to occurring in nature; artificial or synthetic.

man-to-man adj
otwarty
direct, forthright, and honest

man-to-man adv
otwarcie po męsku
directly, forthrightly, and honestly

mana /ˈma-/ /ˈmæ-/ /ˈmɑ.nə/ /ˈmɑː.nə/ /ˈmʌ.nʌ/ manas n
mana

manacle /ˈmænək(ə)l/ /ˈmænəkəl/ manacles n
kajdanki
A shackle for the wrist, usually consisting of a pair of joined rings; a handcuff; (by extension) a similar device put around an ankle to restrict free movement.

manacle /ˈmænək(ə)l/ /ˈmænəkəl/ v
zakuwać zakuć
(ambitransitive) To confine with manacles.

manage /ˈmænɪdʒ/ v
udać się dać radę
(intransitive) To succeed at an attempt in spite of difficulty.

management /mənˈeɪd͡ʒmənt/ /ˈmænəd͡ʒmənt/ /ˈmænɪd͡ʒmənt/ managements n
zarządzanie
(uncountable) Administration; the use of limited resources combined with forecasting, planning, leadership and execution skills to achieve predetermined specific goals.

management accounting n
rachunkowość zarządcza

manager /ˈmæn.ə.d͡ʒɚ/ /ˈmæn.ɪ.d͡ʒə/ [ˈmeən.ə.d͡ʒɚ] managers n
manager menadżer menedżer kierownik kierowniczka managerka
(management) A person whose job is to manage something, such as a business, a restaurant, or a sports team.
manager managerka menadżer menadżerka menedżer menedżerka
(music) An administrator, for a singer or group.
menadżer
(software) A window or application whose purpose is to give the user the control over some aspect of the system.

managerial /ˌmænəˈdʒɪəɹi.əl/ more managerial most managerial adj
kierowniczy
Of or relating to a manager or management; involving management-like duties.

manatee /ˈmæn.əˌtiː/ manatee manatees n
manat
Any of several plant-eating marine mammals, of family Trichechidae, found in tropical regions.

mandala /ˈmʌn.də.lə/ mandalas n
mandala
(Hinduism, Buddhism) Any ritualistic geometric design, symbolic of the Universe, used as an aid to meditation.

mandarin /mæn.də.ˈɹɪn/ /ˈmæn.də.ɹɪn/ mandarins n
mandaryn
(historical) A high government bureaucrat of the Chinese Empire. [from 1580s]

mandarin collar mandarin collars n
stójka
A short unfolded stand-up collar on a shirt or jacket.

mandarin duck /ˈmændəɹɪn dʌk/ mandarin ducks n
mandarynka
A colorful perching duck that has a red bill, large white crescent above the eye and reddish face, Aix galericulata.

mandarin fish mandarin fish mandarin fishes n
jazgarz chiński
A carnivorous freshwater fish, Siniperca chuatsi, from China.

mandarin orange mandarin oranges n
mandarynka
A small citrus tree (Citrus reticulata) with oblate fruits smaller than the (so-named) sweet oranges.
The fruit of this tree; in loose, informal usage, the term may include other similar citrus fruits such as Citrus unshiu (satsuma or mikan).

mandatory /ˈmæn.də.t(ə)ɹi/ /ˈmæn.dəˌtɔɹ.i/ /ˈmɛən.dəˌtɔɹ.i/ more mandatory most mandatory adj
obowiązkowy
Obligatory; required or commanded by authority.

mandible /ˈmæn.dɪb.əl/ mandibles n
żuchwa
The jaw or a jawbone, especially the lower jawbone in mammals and fishes.

mandola mandolas n
mandola
(musical instruments) A stringed musical instrument resembling the mandolin, but of larger size and tuned lower.

mandolin /ˈmændəlɪn/ mandolins n
mandolina
(string instrument) A stringed instrument of the lute family, having eight strings in four courses, frequently tuned as a violin, and with either a bowl-shaped back or a flat back.
A kitchen tool for julienning vegetables.

mandorla /mænˈdɔː(ɹ)lə/ mandorlas n
mandorla
A vesica piscis-shaped aureola that surrounds the figures of Christ and the Virgin Mary, or represents God the Father (who is not traditionally depicted) in traditional Eastern Christian art.

mandrake mandrakes n
mandragora alrauna
(mythology) A mandragora, a kind of tiny demon immune to fire.
Any plant of the genus Mandragora, certain of which are said to have medicinal or aphrodisiac properties; the root of these plants often resembles the shape of a small person, hence occasioning various mythic, magical, or occult uses.
A root of a mandrake plant that resembled human form, especially one kept or used for magic or occult purposes.
(slang) The drug methaqualone.

mandrel /ˈmæn.dɹəl/ mandrels n
trzpień
A round object used as an aid for shaping a material, e.g. shaping or enlarging a ring, or bending or enlarging a pipe without creasing or kinking it.
A tool or component of a tool that guides, grips or clamps something, such as a workpiece to be machined, a machining tool or a part while it is moved.

mane /meɪn/ manes n
grzywa
Longer hair growth on back of neck of an animal, especially a horse or lion

manes /ˈmɑːneɪz/ n
many
The souls or spirits of dead ancestors, conceived as deities or the subjects of reverence, or of other deceased relatives.

maneuver /məˈnuːvə/ /məˈnuːvɚ/ maneuvers n
manewr ćwiczenia
(military) The planned movement of troops, vehicles etc.; a strategic repositioning; (later also) a large training field-exercise of fighting units. [from 18th c.]
manewr
A movement of the body, or with an implement, instrument etc., especially one performed with skill or dexterity. [from 18th c.]

maneuver /məˈnuːvə/ /məˈnuːvɚ/ v
balansować manewrować
(ambitransitive) To move (something, or oneself) carefully, and often with difficulty, into a certain position.
manewrować
(figurative, transitive) To guide, steer, manage purposefully
(figurative, intransitive) To intrigue, manipulate, plot, scheme

manga /ˈmaŋɡə/ /ˈmæŋɡə/ /ˈmɑŋɡə/ /ˈmɑːŋɡə/ manga mangas n
manga
(countable, comics) A comic originating in Japan.
(uncountable) An artistic style heavily used in, and associated with, Japanese comics, and that has also been adopted by a comparatively low number of comics from other countries.

mangaka mangaka mangakas n
mangaka
A professional manga or anime artist.

manganese /ˈmæŋ.ɡəˌnis/ /ˈmæŋ.ɡəˌniz/ /ˈmæŋ.ɡəˌniːz/ manganeses n
mangan
(uncountable) A metallic chemical element (symbol Mn) with an atomic number of 25, not a free element in nature but often found in minerals in combination with iron, and useful in industrial alloy production.

mange /meɪnd͡ʒ/ manges n
świerzb
(veterinary medicine) A skin disease of nonhuman mammals caused by parasitic mites (Sarcoptes spp., Demodecidae spp.).

manger /ˈmeɪn.d͡ʒə(ɹ)/ /ˈmeɪn.d͡ʒɚ/ mangers n
żłób
A trough in a stable or barn for animals to eat from.

mangle /ˈmæŋ.ɡəl/ mangles n
magiel maglownica
A hand-operated device with rollers, for wringing laundry.

mangle /ˈmæŋ.ɡəl/ v
maglować zmaglować
(transitive, archaic) To wring laundry.

mango /ˈmæŋɡoʊ/ /ˈmæŋɡəʊ/ [ˈmɛəŋɡoʊ] mangoes mangos n
mango mangowiec
A tropical Asian fruit tree, Mangifera indica.
A pickled vegetable or fruit with a spicy stuffing; a vegetable or fruit which has been mangoed.

mangosteen /ˈmæŋɡəstiːn/ mangosteens n
mangostan
A tropical fruit of the tree genus Garcinia.
The tree on which the fruit grows.

mangrove /ˈmæŋɡɹoʊv/ /ˈmæŋɡɹəʊv/ mangroves n
namorzyn
Any of various tropical evergreen trees or shrubs that grow in intertidal coastal brackish waters.
namorzyny mangrowe mangrowia
A habitat with such plants; mangrove forest; mangrove swamp; mangal.
mangrowiec
Any of various trees of the genus Rhizophora.

mangy /ˈmeɪn.d͡ʒi/ mangier mangiest adj
parszywy
Afflicted, or looking as if afflicted, with mange.

manhole /mænhəʊl/ manholes n
właz
A hole in the ground used to access the sewers or other underground vaults and installations.

manhood /ˈmænhʊd/ manhoods n
męskość
The self-concept of a man being with respect to his possession of the various qualities traditionally and ideally ascribed to manliness; a man's sense or view of himself as being more or less manly.
(euphemism) The male genitalia, especially the penis.

manhunt manhunts n
obława pościg
An organized search for a criminal or enemy.

mania /ˈmeɪ.ni.ə/ manias n
mania
Violent derangement of mind; madness; insanity.
Excessive or unreasonable desire; insane passion affecting one or many people; fanaticism.
(psychiatry) The state of abnormally elevated or irritable mood, arousal, and/or energy levels.

maniac /ˈmeɪniˌæk/ maniacs n
maniak maniaczka
An insane person, especially one who suffers from a mania.
maniaczka maniak
A fanatic, a person with an obsession.

manicure /ˈmæ.nɪ.kjʊɹ/ manicures n
manicure manikiur
A cosmetic treatment for the fingernails.

manifest /ˈmæn.ə.fɛst/ /ˈmæn.ɪ.fɛst/ manifests n
manifest
(obsolete) A public declaration; an open statement; a manifesto.

manifesto /ˌmæn.əˈfɛs.toʊ/ /ˌmæn.əˈfɛs.təʊ/ /ˌmæn.ɪˈfɛs.təʊ/ manifesti manifestoes manifestos n
manifest
A public declaration of principles, policies, or intentions, especially that of a political party.

manifold /ˈmænɪˌfoʊld/ /ˈmænɪˌfəʊld/ /ˈmɛniˌfoʊld/ /ˈmɛnɪˌfoʊld/ manifolds n
kolektor
(mechanics) A pipe fitting or similar device that connects multiple inputs or outputs.
rozmaitość
(mathematics) A topological space that looks locally like the "ordinary" Euclidean space \mathbb{R}^n and is Hausdorff.

manila /məˈnɪlə/ adj
manilowy manilski
Made of manila paper or material like it.

manioc /ˈmeɪ.niˌɑk/ /ˈmæ.ni.ɒk/ /ˈmæ.niˌɑk/ maniocs n
maniok
(uncountable) Cassava root, eaten as a food.

maniple /ˈmænəpəl/ /ˈmænɪp(ə)l/ maniples n
manipuł
(Ancient Rome, military) A division of the Roman army numbering 120 (or sometimes 60) soldiers exclusive of officers; (generally, obsolete) any small body of soldiers.
manipularz manipuł
(Christianity, chiefly, historical) In Western Christianity, an ornamental band or scarf worn upon the left arm as a part of the vestments of a priest in the Roman Catholic Church, and sometimes the Church of England.

manipulatable /məˌnɪpjʊˈleɪtəbəl/ more manipulatable most manipulatable adj
dający się manipulować
Suitable for, or able to be subjected to manipulation.

manipulate /məˈnɪp.jə.leɪt/ /məˈnɪp.jʊ.leɪt/ v
manipulować zmanipulować
(transitive) To influence, manage, direct, control or tamper with something
(transitive, medicine) To handle and move a body part, either as an examination or for a therapeutic purpose

manipulation /məˌnɪp.juˈleɪ.ʃən/ manipulations n
manipulacja
The practice of manipulating or the state of being manipulated.
The skillful use of the hands in, for example, chiropractic.
The usage of psychological influence over a person, event, or situation to gain a desired outcome.

manipulative /məˈnɪp.jə.leɪ.tɪv/ /məˈnɪp.jə.lə.tɪv/ [məˈnɪp.jə.leɪ.ɾɪv] more manipulative most manipulative adj
manipulacyjny manipulujący
(pejorative) Reaching one's goals at the expense of other people by using them.

manipulator /məˈnɪpjʊleɪtə(ɹ)/ manipulators n
manipulant manipulator
A device which can be used to move, arrange or operate something.

mankind /mænˈkaɪnd/ n
ludzkość gatunek ludzki rodzaj ludzki
The human race in its entirety.
(obsolete) Human feelings; humanity.

mankini mankinis n
mankini

mankurt mankurts n
mankurt
(derogatory, uncommon) An individual with a lost or degraded cultural and ethnic identity or awareness about his ancestry, especially due to being affected by a dominant culture.

manly /ˈmænli/ manlier manliest adj
męski mężny
Having the characteristics of a man.

manna /ˈmænə/ mannas n
manna
(biblical) Food miraculously produced for the Israelites in the desert in the book of Exodus.
The sugary sap of the manna gum tree which oozes out from holes drilled by insects and falls to the ground around the tree.[1]
manna manna z nieba
(by extension) Any boon which comes into one's hands by good luck.

manna ash manna ashes n
jesion mannowy
An ash tree, Fraxinus ornus, native to southern Europe.

mannequin /ˈmænəˌkɪn/ mannequins n
manekin
A dummy, or life-size model of the human body, used for the fitting or displaying of clothes.

manner /ˈmænə/ /ˈmænɚ/ manners n
sposób
Mode of action; way of performing or doing anything
maniera
Characteristic mode of acting or behaving; bearing
One's customary method of acting; habit.
The style of writing or thought of an author; the characteristic peculiarity of an artist.

manner of articulation manners of articulation n
sposób artykulacji
(phonetics, of a consonant) the configuration and interaction of the articulators (speech organs such as the tongue, lips, and palate) when making a speech sound

manners /ˈmæn.ɚz/ n
maniery
Etiquette.

mano a mano n
jeden na jednego
A head-on conflict or direct competition.

manometer /məˈnɑmədəɹ/ /məˈnɑmɪtɚ/ /məˈnɒmɪtə/ manometers n
manometr ciśnieniomierz
An instrument to measure pressure in a fluid, especially a double-legged liquid column gauge used to measure the difference in the pressures of two fluids.

manor /ˈmænə(ɹ)/ /ˈmænəɹ/ manors n
włość

manosphere manospheres n
androsfera manofsera

mansard roof mansard roofs n
mansarda
A roof having two slopes on each side, the lower one having a steeper pitch than the upper; this increases the volume of the enclosed space.
A steeper roof that terminates into a flat roof at its high point.

mansion /ˈmæn.t͡ʃən/ /ˈmæn.ʃən/ mansions n
dwór rezydencja włość
A large house or building, usually built for the wealthy.

manslaughter manslaughters n
nieumyślne spowodowanie śmierci
(law) The unlawful killing of a human, either in negligence or incidentally to the commission of some unlawful act, but without specific malice, or upon a sudden excitement of anger; considered less culpable than murder, but more culpable than justifiable homicide.

mansuetude /mænˈsuət(j)ud/ /ˈman.swɪ.tjuːd/ mansuetudes n
delikatność łagodność
(archaic) Gentleness, tameness.

manta ray /ˈmæntə ɹeɪ/ manta rays n
manta
Any of several very large pelagic rays formerly of the genus Manta, now placed in genus Mobula, with winglike pectoral fins, a long tail, and two fins resembling horns that project from the head.

manticore /ˈmæntɪˌkɔɹ/ manticores n
mantykora
(Greek mythology) A beast with the body of a lion (usually red), the tail of a scorpion, and the head/face of a man with a mouth filled with multiple rows of sharp teeth (like a shark), said to be able to shoot spikes from its tail or mane to paralyse prey. It may be horned, winged, or both; its voice is described as a mixture of pipes and trumpets.

mantis /ˈmæntɪs/ mantes mantises n
modliszka
Any of various large insects of the order Mantodea that catch insects or other small animals with their powerful forelegs.

mantis shrimp mantis shrimp mantis shrimps n
ustonóg
A stomatopod, a marine crustacean of the order Stomatopoda, with powerful claws and a carapace which covers only the rear part of the head and part of the thorax.

mantissa mantissae mantissas n
mantysa
(mathematics) The part of a common logarithm after the decimal point, the fractional part of a logarithm.

mantled guereza mantled guerezas n
gereza abisyńska
A colobus monkey, a kind of Old World monkey, Colobus guereza

mantling mantlings n
labry
(heraldry) The representation of a mantle, or the drapery behind and around a coat of arms.

mantra /ˈmæn.tɹə/ /ˈmɑn.tɹə/ /ˈmʌn.tɹə/ mantras n
mantra
(originally, Hinduism) A phrase repeated to assist concentration during meditation. [from 1956]
(by extension) A slogan or phrase often repeated.

manual /ˈmæn.j(u)əl/ /ˈmæn.j(ʊ)əl/ more manual most manual adj
ręczny
(of an activity) Performed with the hands.

manual /ˈmæn.j(u)əl/ /ˈmæn.j(ʊ)əl/ manuals n
manuał
(music) A keyboard for the hands on a harpsichord, organ, or other musical instrument.
podręcznik instrukcja
A booklet that instructs on the usage of a particular machine or product.

manually adv
ręcznie
by hand

manufacture /ˌmanjəˈfaktʃə/ /ˌmanjʊˈfaktʃə/ /ˌmanəˈfaktʃə/ /ˌmænjuˈfækt͡ʃɚ/ /ˌmænjəˈfækt͡ʃɚ/ /ˌmænəˈfækt͡ʃɚ/ manufactures n
manufaktura
The action or process of making goods systematically or on a large scale.
wyrób
Anything made, formed or produced; product.

manufacture /ˌmanjəˈfaktʃə/ /ˌmanjʊˈfaktʃə/ /ˌmanəˈfaktʃə/ /ˌmænjuˈfækt͡ʃɚ/ /ˌmænjəˈfækt͡ʃɚ/ /ˌmænəˈfækt͡ʃɚ/ v
wytwarzać wytworzyć
To make things, usually on a large scale, with tools and either physical labor or machinery.
(derogatory) To fabricate; to create false evidence to support a point.

manufacturer /ˌmænjəˈfækt͡ʃəɹɚ/ /ˌmænjʊˈfæktʃəɹə/ manufacturers n
producent producentka fabrykant fabrykantka wytwórca
A person or company that manufactures.

manul manuls n
manul
A small wild cat of Central Asia, Felis manul, syn, Otocolobus manul.

manumission /mænjʊˈmɪʃən/ manumissions n
uwolnienie uwłaszczenie
Release from slavery or other legally sanctioned servitude; the giving of freedom; the act of manumitting.

manure /məˈn(j)ʊɹ/ /məˈnjɔː/ /məˈnjʊə/ manures n
gnój nawóz
Animal excrement, especially that of common domestic farm animals and when used as fertilizer. Generally speaking, from cows, horses, sheep, pigs and chickens.

manure /məˈn(j)ʊɹ/ /məˈnjɔː/ /məˈnjʊə/ v
gnoić ognoić
To cultivate by manual labor; to till; hence, to develop by culture.

manureless adj
bezobornikowy

manuscript /ˈmæn.jʊˌskɹɪpt/ adj
rękopis odręczny
Handwritten, or by extension manually typewritten, as opposed to being mechanically reproduced.

manuscript /ˈmæn.jʊˌskɹɪpt/ manuscripts n
rękopis manuskrypt
A book, composition or any other document, written by hand (or manually typewritten), not mechanically reproduced.
rękopis maszynopis
A single, original copy of a book, article, composition etc, written by hand or even printed, submitted as original for (copy-editing and) reproductive publication.

manwhore manwhores n
męska dziwka męska kurwa
(slang) A man who has sex with clients for money; a male prostitute.
(slang) A promiscuous man who has no regard for his sexual partners or the emotional value of his relationships.

many /ˈmæni/ /ˈmɛni/ /ˈmɪni/ more most determiner
dużo wiele
An indefinite large number of.

many a determiner
niejeden
Being one of a large number, each one of many; belonging to an aggregate or category, considered singly as one of a kind.

many a mickle makes a muckle /ˌmɛni‿ə ˈmɪk(ə)l meɪks‿ə ˈmʌk(ə)l/ /ˌmɛni‿ə ˈmɪkəl meɪks‿ə ˈmʌkəl/ proverb
ziarnko do ziarnka, a zbierze się miarka
(chiefly, Northern England, Scotland) A lot of small amounts, put together, become a large amount. [from 1793]

many happy returns n
sto lat
(idiomatic) A greeting, usually for birthdays, in reference to the passing year; Happy birthday!

many moons ago phraseologicalUnit
dawno temu
(informal, idiomatic) A (very) long time ago.

many thanks interjection
wielkie dzięki
An expression of gratitude, expressing greater gratitude than thank you or thanks.

map /mæp/ maps n
mapa
A visual representation of an area, whether real or imaginary, showing the relative positions of places and other features.
odwzorowanie
(mathematics) A function.

maple /ˈmeɪpl̩/ maples n
klon
A tree of the genus Acer, characterised by its usually palmate leaves and winged seeds.

maple syrup maple syrups n
syrop klonowy
Syrup made from the sap of the sugar maple, Acer saccharum

marabou /ˈmæɹəbuː/ marabous n
marabut
Leptoptilos crumeniferus, a large wading bird native to Africa, with a naked head and neck adapted for scavenging.

marathon /ˈmæɹə(ˌ)θɔn/ /ˈmæɹəˌθɑn/ /ˈmæɹəθən/ /ˈmɛɹə(ˌ)θɔn/ /ˈmɛɹəˌθɑn/ marathons n
maraton
A 42.195 kilometre (26 mile 385 yard) road race.
(figuratively, by extension) Any extended or sustained activity.

marathoner /ˈmæ.ɹæ.θən.ə(ɹ)/ marathoners n
maratończyk
Someone who participates in a marathon or other long-distance races.

maraud /mɘˈɹoːd/ /məˈɹɔd/ /məˈɹɔːd/ v
grasować
(intransitive) To move about in roving fashion looking for plunder.

marauder /məˈɹɔːdə(ɹ)/ marauders n
maruder maruderka
Someone who moves about in roving fashion looking for plunder.

marble /ˈmɑɹ.bəl/ /ˈmɑː.bəl/ marbles n
marmur
(uncountable, rock) A metamorphic rock of crystalline limestone. [from 12th c.]
szklana kulka kulka
(countable, games) A small ball used in games, originally of marble but now usually of glass or ceramic. [from 17th c.]

marbly more marbly most marbly adj
marmurowy
Characteristic of marble.

marcasite /ˈmɑɹ.kə.sɑɪ̯t/ /ˈmɑːkəsʌɪt/ /ˌmɑɹ.kəˈzit/ marcasites n
markasyt markazyt
(mineral) The orthorhombic form of iron disulfide, FeS2, occurring as yellow crystals. [from 19th c.]
(historical) Any of various metal sulfides, usually iron sulfide minerals. [from 15th c.]

marcassin /mɑːˈkasɪn/ marcassins n
warchlak
A young wild boar.

march /mɑɹt͡ʃ/ /mɑːtʃ/ marches n
marsz pochód
A formal, rhythmic way of walking, used especially by soldiers, bands and in ceremonies.
A political rally or parade
rubież
(now, _, archaic, historical) A border region, especially one originally set up to defend a boundary.
marchia
(historical) A region at a frontier governed by a marquess.
marsz
Any song in the genre of music written for marching (see Wikipedia's article on this type of music)
Steady forward movement or progression.

march /mɑɹt͡ʃ/ /mɑːtʃ/ v
maszerować
(intransitive) To walk with long, regular strides, as a soldier does.

mare /mɛə/ /mɛɚ/ mares n
klacz kobyła
An adult female horse.
mara
(obsolete, or, historical) A type of evil spirit formerly thought to sit on the chest of a sleeping person; also, the feeling of suffocation felt during sleep, attributed to such a spirit.

margarine /ˈmɑɹ.d͡ʒə.ɹɪn/ /ˈmɑɹ.d͡ʒəˌɹin/ /ˈmɑː.d͡ʒə.ɹɪn/ /ˌmɑː.d͡ʒəˈɹiːn/ /ˌmɑː.ɡəˈɹiːn/ margarines n
margaryna
A spread, manufactured from a blend of vegetable oils (some of which are hydrogenated), emulsifiers etc, mostly used as a substitute for butter.

margay margays n
margaj ocelot nadrzewny
Leopardus wiedii, a spotted cat native to Central and South America.

margin /ˈmɑːd͡ʒɪn/ /ˈmɑːɹd͡ʒ(ə)n/ margins n
margines
(typography) The edge of the paper, typically left blank when printing but sometimes used for annotations etc.
marża
(finance) The yield or profit; the selling price minus the cost of production.

margin of error margins of error n
margines błędu
(statistics) An expression of the lack of precision in the results obtained from a sample.

marginalization marginalizations n
marginalizacja
The act of marginalizing or something marginalized.

marginalize v
marginalizować
(transitive) To relegate (something, especially a topic or a group of people) to the margins or to a lower limit; to exclude socially or otherwise.

margravate /ˈmɑːɡɹəveɪt/ margravates n
margrabstwo
A territory governed by a margrave or margravine. [from 18th c.]

margrave /ˈmɑɹɡɹeɪv/ /ˈmɑːɡɹeɪv/ margraves n
margrabia
(historical) A feudal era military-administrative officer of comital rank in the Carolingian empire and some successor states, originally in charge of a border area.
(historical) A hereditary ruling prince in certain feudal states of the Holy Roman Empire and elsewhere; the titular equivalent became known as marquis or marquess.

marigold /ˈmæɹ.ɪˌɡoʊld/ /ˈmæɹ.ɪˌɡəʊld/ /ˈmɛɹ.ɪˌɡoʊld/ marigolds n
nagietek
Any of the Old World plants, of the genus Calendula, with orange, yellow or reddish flowers.
aksamitka aksamitek
Any of the New World plants, of the genus Tagetes, with orange, yellow or reddish flowers.

marijuana /-ˈhwɑ-/ /ˌmæɹ-/ /ˌmæɹɪˈwɑː.nə/ /ˌmɛɹɪˈwɑ.nə/ marijuanas n
marihuana
The inflorescence of the Cannabis sativa plant, smoked or ingested for euphoric effect.

marimbaphone marimbaphones n
marimbafon
(obsolete, music) A kind of percussion idiophone, like the marimba, but with either wooden or steel keys designed to be bowed as well as played normally, developed by J.C. Deagan in early 20th century United States.

marina /məˈɹinə/ marinas n
marina
A harbour for small boats.

marinade /ˌmaɹəˈneɪd/ /ˌmaɹɪˈneɪd/ /ˌmɛɹəˈneɪd/ /ˌmɛɹɪˈneɪd/ marinades n
marynata bejca zalewa
A seasoned, often acidic liquid mixture in which food is marinated, or soaked, usually to flavor and prepare it for cooking.

marinate /ˈmæɹɪneɪt/ v
marynować zamarynować bejcować zabejcować
(ergative) To allow a sauce or flavoring mixture to absorb into something; to steep or soak something in a marinade to flavor or prepare it for cooking.

marine /məˈɹaɪn/ /məˈɹiːn/ /ˈmæɹɪn/ more marine most marine adj
morski
Belonging to or characteristic of the sea; existing or found in the sea; formed or produced by the sea.

marine biology n
biologia morza
(biology) The branch of biology dealing with organisms that live in the sea.

marine mammal marine mammals n
ssak morski
A mammal which lives wholly in seawater, such as whales and dolphins, or that is restricted to coastal habitats and feeds on marine life, such as seals, sea cows, polar bears, and sea otters.

marionette /ˌmæɹi.əˈnɛt/ marionettes n
marionetka
A puppet, usually made of wood, which is animated by the pulling of strings.

marital /ˈmaɹɪtəl/ /ˈmæɹɪtəl/ adj
małżeński
Pertaining to marriage.

marital rape marital rapes n
gwałt małżeński
(legal) The rape of one's own spouse.

marital status marital statuses n
stan cywilny
One of several discrete options describing a person's relationship with a significant other, such as single, married, divorced, widowed, civil union, domestic partnership, etc.

maritime /ˈmæɹ.ɪˌtaɪm/ /ˈmæɹ.ɪˌtɑɪm/ /ˈmɛɹ.əˌtaɪm/ /ˈmɛɹ.ɪˌtaɪm/ more maritime most maritime adj
morski nadmorski
Bordering on the sea; living near the seacoast; coastal.

marjoram /ˈmɑɹd͡ʒəɹəm/ /ˈmɑːd͡ʒ(ə)ɹəm/ marjorams n
majeranek
A herb of the mint family, Origanum majorana, having aromatic leaves.
The leaves of this plant used in flavouring food.

mark /mæɹk/ /mɑɹk/ /mɑː(ɾ)k/ /mɑːk/ marks n
ocena
A score for finding the correct answer, or other academic achievement; the sum of such points gained as out of a possible total. [from 19th c.]
marka
(historical) A half pound, a former English and Scottish currency equivalent to 13 shillings and fourpence and notionally equivalent to a mark of sterling silver.

mark /mæɹk/ /mɑɹk/ /mɑː(ɾ)k/ /mɑːk/ v
kryć
(sports) To follow a player not in possession of the ball when defending, to prevent them receiving a pass easily.

mark my words phraseologicalUnit
zapamiętaj moje słowa
(idiomatic) Listen to me; used before or after a statement one wishes to emphasize, especially a prediction.

mark of Cain marks of Cain n
kainowe piętno znamię Kaina
A stigma of shame

markedly /ˈmɑːkɪdli/ more markedly most markedly adv
ewidentnie wyraźnie
In a marked manner; distinctly, noticeably, conspicuously.

marker /ˈmɑː(ɹ)kə(ɹ)/ markers n
marker
(biology) A gene or DNA sequence with a known location on a chromosome that can be used to identify individuals or species.

marker pen marker pens n
flamaster marker
A pen, often with a thick tip made of felt.

market /ˈmɑɹkət/ /ˈmɑɹkɪt/ /ˈmɑːkɪt/ markets n
rynek targ targowisko bazar
City square or other fairly spacious site where traders set up stalls and buyers browse the merchandise.
The sum total traded in a process of individuals trading for certain commodities.
rynek
A group of potential customers for one's product.
A geographical area where a certain commercial demand exists.
A formally organized, sometimes monopolistic, system of trading in specified goods or effects.

market clearing market clearings n
oczyszczenie rynku

market economy market economies n
gospodarka rynkowa
An economy in which goods and services are exchanged in a market, as opposed to a state-controlled economy.

market equilibrium market equilibriums n
równowaga rynkowa

market penetration market penetrations n
penetracja rynku

market price market prices n
cena rynkowa
(economics) The price at which a product, financial instrument, service or other tradable item can be bought and sold at an open market; the going price.
On restaurant menus, used to mean the price charged depends on the price of supplies, which may vary.

market research n
badanie rynku
(marketing) The systematic collection and evaluation of data regarding customers' preferences for actual and potential products and services.

market share market shares n
udział rynkowy
The percentage of some market held by a company, country, (sub)sector or any other actor or aggregate.

market square market squares n
rynek
An open area in a town housing a public market, often on just one day per week; a marketplace.

market value market values n
wartość rynkowa
(finance) The price which a seller or insurer might reasonably expect to fetch for goods, services or securities on the open market.

marketing marketings n
marketing
(uncountable) The promotion, distribution and selling of a product or service; the work of a marketer; includes market research and advertising.

marketplace marketplaces n
targowisko
An open area in a town housing a public market.

marking gauge marking gauges n
znacznik stolarski

markka markkaa markkas n
marka
A (Finnish) mark, the currency used in Finland before the introduction of the euro, consisting of 100 penni. Abbreviation FIM.

marksman /ˈmɑɹksmən/ marksmen n
strzelec
A man or person skilled at hitting targets, as with a firearm, bow, or thrown object.

markswoman markswomen n
strzelczyni
A woman skilled at hitting targets, as with a firearm, bow, or thrown object.

markup /ˈmɑː(ɹ)k.ʌp/ markups n
marża
The percentage or amount by which a seller hikes up his buy-in price when determining his selling price.
An increase in price.
adiustacja
(computing) The notation that is used to indicate the meaning of the elements in an electronic document, or to dictate how text should be displayed.

marl /mɑɹl/ /mɑːl/ marls n
margiel
A mixed earthy substance, consisting of carbonate of lime, clay, and possibly sand, in very variable proportions, and accordingly designated as calcareous, clayey, or sandy.

marlin /ˈmɑɹ.lɪn/ marlin marlins n
makaira marlin żaglica
Any species of game fish belonging to either of the genera Tetrapturus or Makaira, with a crested dorsal fin and a pointed, spear-like projection of the upper jaw.

marmalade /ˈmɑɹ.mə.leɪd/ /ˈmɑː.mə.leɪd/ marmalades n
marmolada
(obsolete) quince jam

marmoset /ˈmɑɹməsət/ /ˈmɑɹməzət/ marmosets n
marmozeta
A small monkey, now specifically a Central and South American monkey of the genera Callithrix, Mico, Cebuella, or Callibella, with claws instead of nails, and a rather primitive layout. [from 14th c.]

marmot /ˈmɑɹ.mət/ /ˈmɑː.mət/ marmots n
świstak świszcz
Any of several large ground-dwelling rodents of the genera Marmota and Cynomys in the squirrel family.

maroon /məˈɹuːn/ /məˈɹəʉn/ /məˈɹʉːn/ more maroon most maroon adj
barwa kasztanowa kasztanowa
Of a maroon color

marquess /ˈmɑɹ.kwɪs/ /ˈmɑː.kwɪs/ marquesses n
markiz
A title of nobility for a man ranking beneath a duke and above an earl.

marquetry /ˈmɑːkɪtɹi/ marquetries n
markietaż markieteria
(uncountable, woodworking) A decorative technique in which veneers of wood, ivory, metal etc. are inlaid into a wooden surface to form intricate designs.

marram /ˈmæɹəm/ marrams n
piaskownica zwyczajna
Ammophila arenaria, a coarse grass found on sandy beaches.

marriage /ˈmeɹɪdʒ/ /ˈmæɹɪdʒ/ /ˈmɛɹɪdʒ/ marriages n
małżeństwo ślub
The state of being married. [from 14th c.]
małżeństwo
(often, _, specifically) The union of two people of opposite sex, to the exclusion of all others.
(figuratively) A close union. [from 15th c.]
A joining of two parts.
ślub wesele swadźba
A wedding; a ceremony in which people wed. [from 14th c.]

marriage agency marriage agencies n
agencja małżeństwa
A business that endeavors to introduce men and women for the purpose of marriage, dating or penpals.

marriage certificate marriage certificates n
akt małżeństwa
(law) An official record indicating that two individuals were legally married on the date of the certificate.

married /ˈmæɹ.id/ /ˈmæɹ.ɪd/ /ˈmɛɹ.id/ adj
żonaty zamężna zamężny żonata
In a state of marriage; having a wife or a husband.

married couple married couples n
małżeństwo para małżeńska
Two people who are married to each other.

marron glacé /məˌɹɑn ɡləˈseɪ/ /ˌmaɹɒ̃ ˈɡlaseɪ/ marrons glacés n
kandyzowany kasztan
A chestnut preserved in sugar or syrup and flavoured with vanilla.

marrow /ˈmæɹoʊ/ /ˈmæɹəʊ/ /ˈmɛ(ə)ɹoʊ/ marrows n
szpik szpik kostny
(uncountable) The substance inside bones which produces blood cells.
kabaczek
(countable) A kind of vegetable like a large courgette/zucchini or squash.

marrowbone marrowbones n
kość szpikowa
A bone containing edible marrow. [from 14th c.]

marry /ˈmeɹ.i/ /ˈmæɹ.i/ /ˈmɛɹ.i/ v
ożenić się wyjść za mąż brać ślub żenić się
(intransitive) To enter into the conjugal or connubial state; to take a husband or a wife. [from 14th c.]
pożenić
(transitive, figuratively) To unite; to join together into a close union. [from 15th c.]

marry me phraseologicalUnit
ożeń się ze mną wyjdź za mnie (za mąż)
the shortest form of marriage proposal

marry off v
ożenić wydawać za mąż wydać za mąż żenić
(idiomatic) To successfully arrange the marriage of someone, especially a relative.

marry up v
poślubiać kogoś o wyższym statusie społecznym poślubić kogoś o wyższym statusie społecznym
(intransitive) To marry someone of a higher social class.

marsh /mæʃ/ /mɑɹʃ/ /mɑː(ɹ)ʃ/ marshes n
bagno moczar mokradło błoto
An area of low, wet land, often with tall grass.

marsh mallow marsh mallows n
prawoślaz lekarski
A European species of plant in the mallow family, Althaea officinalis, historically used medicinally and the source of what became the modern marshmallow confection (which no longer contains the plant).

marsh marigold marsh marigolds n
kaczeniec knieć błotna
Caltha palustris, a perennial plant with bright yellow flowers.

marsh rosemary n
bagno
Rhododendron tomentosum.

marsh sandpiper marsh sandpipers n
brodziec pławny
A small wader, Tringa stagnatilis.

marsh tit marsh tits n
sikora uboga
A passerine bird of the tit family (Poecile palustris).

marsh warbler marsh warblers n
łozówka
A small passerine bird, Acrocephalus palustris, family Acrocephalidae, of Europe and Africa.

marshal /ˈmɑɹʃəl/ /ˈmɑːʃəl/ marshals n
marszałek
(historical) A high-ranking officer in the household of a medieval prince or lord, who was originally in charge of the cavalry and later the military forces in general.
A military officer of the highest rank in several countries, including France and the former Soviet Union; equivalent to a general of the army in the United States. See also field marshal.
organizator
A person in charge of the ceremonial arrangement and management of a gathering.

marshal /ˈmɑɹʃəl/ /ˈmɑːʃəl/ v
porządkować uporządkować
(by extension) To arrange (facts, etc.) in some methodical order.
zdobyć zebrać zgromadzić
To gather data for transmission.

marshalling yard marshalling yards n
stacja rozrządowa

marshland marshlands n
moczar
marshy land; bog or fen

marshmallow /mɑːʃˈmæləʊ/ /ˈmɑɹʃˌmæl.oʊ/ /ˈmɑɹʃˌmɛl.oʊ/ marshmallows n
pianka
A type of confectionery, originally (since Ancient Egyptian times) made from this plant, but now generally made of sugar or corn syrup, gelatin that has been presoftened in water, gum arabic, flavorings, and sometimes beaten egg whites, all whipped to a spongy consistency. [from 19th c.]
(figuratively) Someone who is soft and benign.

marshrutka marshrutkas n
marszrutka
(transport) A share taxi in the CIS countries, the Baltic states, and Bulgaria. The role of the modern marshrutka is similar to that of the minibus in other countries, except that some implementations of marshrutka allow passengers to stand.

marshy /ˈmɑɹʃi/ marshier marshiest adj
błotny
Of, or resembling a marsh; boggy.
Growing in marshy ground.

marsupial /mɑɹ.ˈsu.pi.əl/ /mɑː.ˈsuː.pi.əl/ marsupials n
torbacz
Any member of the mammalian infraclass Marsupialia, including those where the female has a pouch in which it rears its young through early infancy, such as kangaroos, koalas, wombats and opossums, as well as the pouchless shrew opossums.

marten /ˈmɑɹ.tən/ /ˈmɑː.tən/ /ˈmɑː.tɪn/ [ˈmɑɹ.ʔn̩] martens n
kuna
Any carnivorous mammal of the genus Martes in the family Mustelidae.

martensite martensites n
martenzyt
(metallurgy) A solid solution of carbon in iron; the chief constituent of steel

martial /ˈmɑɹʃəl/ /ˈmɑːʃəl/ more martial most martial adj
wojenny
(comparable) Of, relating to, or suggestive of war; warlike.

martial art martial arts n
sztuka walki
Any of several fighting styles which contain systematized methods of training for combat, both armed and unarmed; often practiced as a sport, e.g. boxing, karate, judo, silat, wrestling, or Muay Thai.

martial law n
stan wojenny
Rule by military authorities, especially when imposed on a civilian population in time of war or other crisis, or in an occupied territory.

martingale martingales n
wytok
A piece of harness used on a horse to keep it from raising its head above a desired point.

martini /mɑɹˈtini/ /mɑːˈtiːni/ martinis n
martini
(sometimes, proscribed) Any cocktail served in a cocktail glass, often sweet or fruity and aimed at women.

martyr /ˈmɐːtə(ɹ)/ /ˈmɑɹ.tɚ/ /ˈmɑːtə(ɹ)/ [ˈmɐːtə(ɹ)] [ˈmɐːɾə(ɹ)] [ˈmɑɹ.ɾɚ] martyrs n
męczennik męczennica
One who willingly accepts being put to death for adhering openly to one's religious beliefs; notably, saints canonized after martyrdom.
męczennik cierpiętnica cierpiętnik męczennica
(by extension) One who sacrifices their life, station, or something of great personal value, for the sake of principle or to sustain a cause.

martyr /ˈmɐːtə(ɹ)/ /ˈmɑɹ.tɚ/ /ˈmɑːtə(ɹ)/ [ˈmɐːtə(ɹ)] [ˈmɐːɾə(ɹ)] [ˈmɑɹ.ɾɚ] v
zadać męczeńską śmierć
(transitive) To make someone into a martyr by putting them to death for adhering to, or acting in accordance with, some belief, especially religious; to sacrifice on account of faith or profession.

martyrdom /ˈmɑː(ɹ).tə(ɹ).dəm/ martyrdoms n
męczeństwo
The condition of a martyr; the death of a martyr; the suffering of death on account of adherence to the Christian faith, or to any cause.
męka
Extreme suffering, affliction; torment; torture, especially without reason.

martyrology martyrologies n
martyrologia
(Roman Catholicism, often, _, capitalized) A liturgical calendar of days for the commemoration of formally recognized saints, usually including some biographical notes.

marvel of Peru n
dziwaczek peruwiański
Mirabilis jalapa, an ornamental flowering plant from the Americas, used until the 19th century also medicinally.

marvellous /ˈmɑɹvələs/ /ˈmɑːvləs/ /ˈmɑːvələs/ more marvellous most marvellous adj
cudowny zdumiewający cudny
(British spelling) Exciting wonder or surprise; astonishing; wonderful.

marvellously /ˈmɑɹvələsli/ /ˈmɑːvələsli/ more marvellously most marvellously adv
cudnie
In a marvellous manner.

marvelous /ˈmɑɹvələs/ /ˈmɑːvləs/ /ˈmɑːvələs/ more marvelous most marvelous adj
cudowny zdumiewający cudny
(US spelling) Exciting wonder or surprise; astonishing; wonderful.

marzipan /ˈmɑɹtsəpæn/ /ˈmɑɹtsəpɑn/ /ˈmɑɹzəpæn/ /ˈmɑːzɪpæn/ /ˌmɑːzɪˈpæn/ marzipans n
marcepan
A confection made from a paste of almonds, sugar and egg white as a binder.

mascara /məsˈkɑːɹə/ /məˈskɑːɹə/ /ˌmæsˈkæɹə/ /ˌmæsˈkɑːɹə/ mascaras n
tusz do rzęs maskara tusz
A cosmetic used to darken and thicken the eyelashes.

mascaron /ˈmæskəˌɹɒn/ mascarons n
maskaron maszkaron
(architectural element) A carved, ornamental face, usually human, sometimes frightening or chimeric whose alleged function was originally to frighten away evil spirits so that they would not enter the building.

mascarpone /ˌmæskə(ɹ)ˈpəʊni/ /ˌmɑːskə(ɹ)ˈpəʊneɪ/ /ˌmɑːskə(ɹ)ˈpəʊni/ mascarpones n
mascarpone
A soft, creamy Italian cheese that is not pressed or aged; often used in desserts.

mascot /ˈmæsˌkɑːt/ /ˈmæsˌkɒt/ mascots n
maskotka
Something thought to bring good luck.
Something, especially a person or animal, used to symbolize a sports team, company, organization or other group.

masculine /ˈmæskjələn/ /ˈmæskjʊlɪn/ more masculine most masculine adj
męski
Of or pertaining to the male sex; biologically male, not female.
Belonging to males; typically used by males.
męski rodzaj męski
(of a noun) Being of the masculine class or grammatical gender, and inflected in that manner.

masculine /ˈmæskjələn/ /ˈmæskjʊlɪn/ masculines n
rodzaj męski
(grammar) The masculine gender.

masculinity /ˌmæskjəˈlɪnɪti/ masculinities n
męskość
The degree or property of being masculine or manly; manliness.

masculinization masculinizations n
maskulinizacja umężczyźnienie
The act of making masculine.

masculinize v
maskulinizować umężczyźniać umężczyźnić zmaskulinizować
(transitive) To make masculine; to give typically male characteristics.

masculism masculisms n
maskulinizm
Support for patriarchy / male domination of women; opposition to equality for women; anti-feminism.

mash /mæʃ/ mashes n
zacier miazga
(uncountable) A mass of mixed ingredients reduced to a soft pulpy state by beating or pressure; a mass of anything in a soft pulpy state.
flirt
(obsolete) An infatuation, a crush, a fancy.
zacier
(brewing) Ground or bruised malt, or meal of rye, wheat, corn, or other grain (or a mixture of malt and meal) steeped and stirred in hot water for making the wort.

mashed potatoes n
purée ziemniaczane
(uncountable, or, in the plural) A dish consisting of potatoes that have been boiled, mashed to a pulpy consistency, and mixed with such ingredients as butter or milk.

mask /mæsk/ /mɑːsk/ masks n
maska maseczka
A cover, or partial cover, for the face, used for disguise or protection.
maskarada
A festive entertainment of dancing or other diversions, where all wear masks; a masquerade.

masked shrike masked shrikes n
dzierzba białoczelna
Lanius nubicus, a large songbird species in the shrike family (Laniidae).

masochism /ˈmæs.ə.kɪ.zəm/ /ˈmæz.ə.kɪ.zəm/ masochisms n
masochizm
The (often sexual) enjoyment of receiving pain or humiliation.

masochist /ˈmæ.səˌkɪst/ masochists n
masochista masochistka
Someone who enjoys pain or humiliation, or who derives pleasure from harming oneself or being harmed by others.

masochistic /ˌmæ.səˈkɪs.tɪk/ more masochistic most masochistic adj
masochistyczny
Deriving (especially sexual) pleasure from abuse, being punished, or dominated.

mason /ˈmeɪsən/ masons n
murarz kamieniarz
A bricklayer, one whose occupation is to build with stone or brick

mason /ˈmeɪsən/ v
murować wymurować zamurować
(transitive, normally with a preposition) To build stonework or brickwork about, under, in, over, etc.; to construct by masons

masquerade /ˈmæskəˌɹeɪd/ /ˈmɑːs-/ /ˌmæskəˈɹeɪd/ /ˌmɑːs-/ masquerades n
bal przebierańców maskarada
An assembly or party of people wearing (usually elaborate or fanciful) masks and costumes, and amusing themselves with dancing, conversation, or other diversions.
maskarada
(figuratively) An act of living under false pretenses; a concealment of something by a false or unreal show; a disguise, a pretence; also, a pretentious display.

mass /mæs/ /mɑs/ masses n
masa
A quantity of matter cohering together so as to make one body, or an aggregation of particles or things which collectively make one body or quantity, usually of considerable size.
masa masy
(physics) A measure of the inertia of a mass of matter, one of four fundamental properties of matter. SI unit of mass: kilogram.
masy
(in the plural) The lower classes of persons.

mass /mæs/ /mɑːs/ masses n
msza
(Christianity) Celebration of the Eucharist.
(Christianity, usually as the Mass) The sacrament of the Eucharist.
A musical setting of parts of the mass.

mass grave mass graves n
mogiła zbiorowa
A grave containing many corpses.

mass media n
mass media środki masowego przekazu
Collectively, the communications media, especially television, radio, and newspapers, that reach the mass of the people.

mass murder mass murders n
masowe morderstwo
The killing of a large number of people over a short period of time.

mass shooting /mæsˈʃutɪŋ/ [mæsˈʃuɾɪŋ] mass shootings n
masowa strzelanina
(chiefly, US, crime) The shooting of multiple people over a short period of time, particularly when there are many victims and/or the victims are chosen indiscriminately.

mass spectrometry mass spectrometries n
spektrometria mas
(physics, analytical chemistry) An analytical technique that measures the mass / charge ratio of the ions formed when a molecule or atom is ionized, vaporized and introduced into a vacuum. Mass spectrometry may also involve breaking molecules into fragments - thus enabling its structure to be determined.

mass transit mass transits n
komunikacja zbiorowa
A large-scale transportation system in which the passengers do not travel in their own vehicles.

massacre /ˈmæs.ə.kə(ɹ)/ /ˈmæs.ə.kɚ/ massacres n
masakra rzeź
The killing of a considerable number (usually limited to people) where little or no resistance can be made, with indiscriminate violence, without necessity, and/or contrary to civilized norms.

massacre /ˈmæs.ə.kə(ɹ)/ /ˈmæs.ə.kɚ/ v
wymordować
(transitive) To kill in considerable numbers where little or no resistance can be made, with indiscriminate violence, without necessity, and contrary to civilized norms. (Often limited to the killing of human beings.)

massage /məˈsɑd͡ʒ/ /məˈsɑʒ/ /məˈsɑː(d)ʒ/ /ˈmæsɑː(d)ʒ/ massages n
masaż
The action of rubbing, kneading or hitting someone's body, to help the person relax, prepare for muscular action (as in contact sports) or to relieve aches.

massage /məˈsɑd͡ʒ/ /məˈsɑʒ/ /məˈsɑː(d)ʒ/ /ˈmæsɑː(d)ʒ/ v
masować
(transitive) To rub and knead (someone's body or a part of a body), to perform a massage on (somebody).

masses /ˈmæs.ɪz/ n
masy
(generically) People, especially a large number of people; the general population.

masseter /maˈsiː.tə/ /mæˈsi.tɚ/ /məˈsi.tɚ/ masseters n
mięsień żwacz żwacz
(muscle) The large muscle which runs through the rear part of the cheek from the temporal bone to the lower jaw on each side, raises the lower jaw, and assists in mastication.

masseur /məˈsɜː/ /məˈsɝ/ /məˈsʊɹ/ masseurs masseuse n
masażysta masażystka
(massage) A person (especially male) who performs massage.

masseuse /maˈsɜːz/ /məˈsuːs/ /məˈsʊz/ masseur masseuses n
masażystka
A woman who performs massage; a female masseur.

massif /mæˈsiːf/ /ˈmæsɪf/ massifs n
masyw
A principal mountain mass.

mast /mæst/ /mɑːst/ masts n
maszt
(nautical, communications, aviation) A tall, slim post or tower, usually tapering upward, used to support, for example, sails or observation platforms on a ship, the main rotor of a helicopter, flags, floodlights, meteorological instruments, or communications equipment, such as an aerial, usually supported by guy-wires (except in the case of a helicopter). [from 9th c.]

mastaba /mæˈstaːbə/ /ˈmæstəbə/ mastabas n
mastaba
(architecture) A rectangular structure with a flat top and slightly sloping sides, built during Ancient Egyptian times above tombs that were situated on flat land. Mastabas were made of wood, mud bricks, stone, or a combination of these materials. Some are solid structures, while others can contain one or more rooms, sometimes decorated with paintings or inscriptions.

mastectomy /ˌmæˈstɛktəmi/ mastectomies n
mastektomia
The surgical procedure to remove all or part of a breast and sometimes nearby tissues.

master /ˈmas.tə/ /ˈmaːs.tə/ /ˈmæs.tɚ/ /ˈmɑs.tə/ /ˈmɑːs.tə/ masters mistress n
władca
Someone who has control over something or someone.
-masztowiec
(nautical, in combination) A vessel having a specified number of masts.
pan pani
The owner of an animal or slave.
gospodarz głowa rodziny
(dated) A male head of a household.
kapitan
Someone who employs others.
mistrz majster mistrzyni
An expert at something.
mistrz majster
A tradesman who is qualified to teach apprentices.
panicz
(dated) A man or a boy; mister. See Master.
(legal) A parajudicial officer (such as a referee, an auditor, an examiner, or an assessor) specially appointed to help a court with its proceedings.
magister panicz
A master's degree; a type of postgraduate degree, usually undertaken after a bachelor degree.
pan kopia-matka
The original of a document or of a recording.

master of ceremonies masters of ceremonies n
mistrz ceremonii
Someone who conducts a programme of varied entertainment, for example by introducing performers to the audience.
MC emce emsi
(rap, _, music) A rapper.

master race master races n
rasa panów
(especially, Nazism) A race of people who are superior to others.

master's degree master's degrees n
magisterium magister magisterka
A postgraduate degree which aims to assist students in developing a mastery for a particular academic field or profession.

master's thesis master's theses n
magisterium magisterka praca magisterska
A thesis submitted for a master's degree.

masterfully /ˈmæstɚf(ʊ)li/ /ˈmɑːstəf(ʊ)li/ more masterfully most masterfully adv
mistrzowsko po mistrzowsku
In a masterful manner; in an extremely confident and competent manner.

masterly /ˈmæ-/ /ˈmæstɚli/ /ˈmɑːstəli/ more masterly most masterly adj
mistrzowski
Executed in the manner of a master; showing competence and skill; masterful.

masterpiece /ˈmæstɚˌpis/ /ˈmɑːstəˌpiːs/ masterpieces n
arcydzieło majstersztyk doskonałość poemat
A piece of work that has been given much critical praise, especially one that is considered the greatest work of a person's career.
arcydzieło doskonałość majstersztyk poemat
A work of outstanding creativity, skill or workmanship.
majstersztyk
A work created in order to qualify as a master craftsman and member of a guild.

masterwork masterworks n
majstersztyk
A piece done to prove possession of skill sufficient to be ranked a master.

masterwort /ˈmɑːstəwəːt/ masterworts n
gorysz miarz
Peucedanum ostruthium, an umbelliferous plant grown in gardens, formerly much used for medicinal purposes. [from 16th c.]
jarzmianka
Astrantia spp., such as the great masterwort.

mastiff /ˈmæstɪf/ mastiffs mastives n
mastif mastiff mastyf
One of an old breed of powerful, deep-chested, and smooth-coated dogs, used chiefly as watchdogs and guard dogs.

mastodon /ˈmæs.tə.dɒn/ /ˈmæstədɑn/ /ˈmæstədən/ mastodons n
mastodont
Extinct elephant-like mammal of the genus †Mammut that flourished worldwide from Miocene through Pleistocene times; differs from elephants and mammoths in the form of the molar teeth.

masturbate /ˈmaː.stə.bæɪt/ /ˈmæ.stə.beɪt/ /ˈmæs.tɚ.beɪt/ v
masturbować się onanizować się uprawiać ipsację walić gruchę
(intransitive) To stimulate oneself sexually, especially by use of one’s hand or a sex toy made for this purpose, often to the point of ejaculation or orgasm.

masturbation /ˌmæstəˈbeɪʃ(ə)n/ /ˌmæstɚˈbeɪʃən/ /ˌmɑːstəˈbeɪʃ(ə)n/ masturbations n
masturbacja onanizm
Manual erotic stimulation of the genitals or other erotic regions, often to orgasm, either by oneself or by a partner.

masturbator masturbators n
onanista onanistka
(sometimes, pejorative) Someone who masturbates.

mat /mæt/ [mæʔ(t̚)] mats n
mata wycieraczka
A flat piece of coarse material used for wiping one’s feet, or as a decorative or protective floor covering.
mata
(athletics) A floor pad to protect athletes.

matador /ˈma.tə.dɔː/ /ˈmæ.tə.dɔɹ/ matadora matadores matadors n
matador
(bullfighting) The person whose aim is to kill the bull in a bullfight.

match /mæt͡ʃ/ matches n
mecz zawody
(sports) A competitive sporting event such as a boxing meet, a baseball game, or a cricket match.
zapałka
A device made of wood or paper, at the tip coated with chemicals that ignite with the friction of being dragged (struck) against a rough dry surface.

match /mæt͡ʃ/ v
dorównywać pasować zestawiać
(transitive) To agree with; to be equal to; to correspond to.

match day match days n
dzień meczowy
(sports) The day on which a sporting event takes place.

match point match points n
meczbol piłka meczowa
(sports, tennis) A state in a game where a player can win the entire match by winning the next point. Often used in tennis.

matcha /ˈmæ.tʃə/ /ˈmɑ.t͡ʃə/ matchas n
matcha
A type of powdered green tea, traditionally used in Japanese tea ceremonies.

matchbox matchboxes n
pudełko od zapałek
A small cardboard box in which matches are kept.

matchmake v
swatać
To do matchmaking: to set up a date between two people or to arrange a marriage.

matchmaker matchmakers n
swat swatka
Someone who finds suitable dates or marriage partners for other people.

matchmaking /ˈmæt͡ʃˌmeɪkɪŋ/ matchmakings n
swatanie
An attempt to make two people romantically interested in each other, especially an attempt to set up a date between people or to arrange a marriage.

matchstick matchsticks n
zapałka
A small, slender piece of wood or cardboard serving as a component of a match.

mate /meɪt/ v
kopulować spółkować współżyć
(intransitive) To copulate.

material /məˈtiɹ.i.əl/ /məˈtɪə.ɹɪ.əl/ more material most material adj
materialny
Having to do with matter; consisting of matter.
Worldly, as opposed to spiritual.

material /məˈtiɹ.i.əl/ /məˈtɪə.ɹɪ.əl/ materials n
materiał
Matter which may be shaped or manipulated, particularly in making something.
Cloth to be made into a garment. Fabric.

materialism /məˈtɪəɹiəlɪzəm/ /məˈtɪɹiəlɪzəm/ materialisms n
materializm
Constant concern over material possessions and wealth; a great or excessive regard for worldly concerns.
(philosophy) The philosophical belief that nothing exists beyond what is physical.

materialist /məˈtiːɹɪəlɪst/ more materialist most materialist adj
materialistyczny
Having features typical of philosophical materialism.

materialist /məˈtiːɹɪəlɪst/ materialists n
materialista materialistka
Someone who is materialistic, concerned only with material possessions.
A follower or proponent of philosophical materialism.

materialize v
materializować materializować się zmaterializować zmaterializować się
(transitive) To cause to take physical form, or to cause an object to appear.

maternal /məˈtɜːnəl/ /məˈtɝnəl/ more maternal most maternal adj
macierzyński matczyny
Of or pertaining to a mother; having the characteristics of a mother; motherly.

maternal aunt maternal aunts n
ciotka macierzysta
A sister of one's mother.
An aunt on one's mother's side of the family, including both
ciotka macierzysta wujenka
A sister-in-law of one's mother; the wife or ex-wife of a maternal uncle.

maternal uncle maternal uncles n
wuj wujek
The brother or brother-in-law of one’s mother. (This entry is a translation hub.)

maternity /məˈtɜː(ɹ)nɪti/ maternities n
macierzyństwo
The state of being a mother; motherhood.
ciąża
The state of being pregnant; pregnancy.
porodówka
A ward or department in a hospital in which babies are born.

maternity hospital maternity hospitals n
klinika położnicza
A hospital that provides assistance during childbirth.

maternity leave maternity leaves n
urlop macierzyński
A leave of absence from a job for a mother to care of a baby.

maternity ward maternity wards n
oddział położniczy porodówka
A hospital ward that provides assistance during childbirth.

mates' rates n
ceny dla przyjaciół

matgrass matgrasses n
bliźniczka psia trawka
The grass Nardus stricta.

math /mæθ/ maths n
matematyka matma
(informal, uncountable, North America, Philippines) Arithmetic calculations; (see do the math).

mathematical /ˌmæθəˈmætəkəl/ /ˌmæθəˈmætɪkəl/ more mathematical most mathematical adj
matematyczny
Of, or relating to mathematics

mathematical analysis mathematical analyses n
analiza matematyczna
(mathematics) The mathematical study of functions, sequences, series, limits, derivatives and integrals.

mathematical induction mathematical inductions n
indukcja matematyczna
(mathematics) A method of proof which, in terms of a predicate P, could be stated as: if P(0) is true and if for any natural number n \ge 0, P(n) implies P(n + 1), then P(n) is true for any natural number n.

mathematical morphology n
morfologia matematyczna

mathematical realism n
realizm matematyczny

mathematical sociology n
socjologia matematyczna

mathematical structure mathematical structures n
struktura matematyczna

mathematically more mathematically most mathematically adv
matematycznie
According to or using mathematics.

mathematician /ˌmæθ(.ə)məˈtɪʃ.ən/ mathematicians n
matematyk matematyczka
An expert on mathematics.

mathematics /mæθ(ə)ˈmætəks/ /mæθ(ə)ˈmætɪks/ n
matematyka
An abstract representational system studying numbers, shapes, structures, quantitative change and relationships between them.
A person's ability to count, calculate, and use different systems of mathematics at differing levels.

maths /mæs/ /mæθs/ /mɛts/ n
majma matma
(informal, Commonwealth, rarely Canada)

matinee /ˈmætɪˌneɪ/ matinees n
popołudniówka
A showing of a movie, sporting event, or theatrical performance in the morning or afternoon.

mating /ˈmeɪtɪŋ/ matings n
kopulacja
(zoology) Pairing of organisms for copulation.

mating call mating calls n
krzyk godowy
A sound made by an animal to attract a member of the opposite sex for breeding.

mating season mating seasons n
okres godowy
(zoology) The time of the year during which members of a certain species of animal tend to mate.

matriarchy matriarchies n
matriarchat
A system of government by females (particularly as a kind of polity).
The dominance of women in social or cultural systems.

matricide matricides n
matkobójstwo
The killing of one's mother.
matkobójca matkobójczyni
A person who kills his or her mother.

matrimonial more matrimonial most matrimonial adj
matrymonialny małżeński
Of, or having to do with matrimony and marriage.

matrimony /ˈmat.ɹɪ.mə.ni/ /ˈmæt.ɹɪˌmoʊ.ni/ matrimonies n
związek małżeński
(uncountable) Marriage; the state of being married.

matrix /mæːʈ.rɪks/ /mɛʈ.rɪks/ /ˈmeɪ.tɹɪks/ /ˈmæt.ɹɪks/ /ˈmæɪ.tɹɪks/ matrices matrixes n
macierz matrix
(biology) Part of the mitochondrion.
macierz matryca
(mathematics) A rectangular arrangement of numbers or terms having various uses such as transforming coordinates in geometry, solving systems of linear equations in linear algebra and representing graphs in graph theory.
(computing) A two-dimensional array.

matron /ˈmeɪtɹən/ matrons n
matrona
A mature or elderly woman.

matsutake /maːtsuːˈtaːkeɪ/ /maːtsuːˈtaːkiː/ matsutakes n
gąska sosnowa

matter /ˈmætə/ /ˈmætɚ/ [-ɾɚ] matters n
materia
(physics) The basic structural component of the universe, usually having mass and volume.
(physics) Matter made up of normal particles, not antiparticles.
A kind of substance.
sprawa
(philosophy) Aristotelian: undeveloped potentiality subject to change and development; formlessness. Matter receives form, and becomes substance.

matter /ˈmætə/ /ˈmætɚ/ [-ɾɚ] v
mieć znaczenie
(intransitive, stative) To be important. [from 16th c.]
(transitive, in negative constructions, now, England, _, regional, Caribbean) To care about, to mind; to find important. [from 17th c.]

matter of life and death matters of life and death n
sprawa życia i śmierci
Something whose outcome could result in either someone's survival or their death

matter of time n
kwestia czasu
(idiomatic) An inevitable result; something that is bound to happen.

matter-of-fact more matter-of-fact most matter-of-fact adj
rzeczowy
Of, or relating to facts only; literal, realistic.

mattock /ˈmætək/ mattocks n
motyka oskard
An agricultural tool whose blades are at right angles to the body, similar to a pickaxe.

mattress /ˈmætɹɪs/ mattresses n
materac
A pad on which a person can recline and sleep, usually having an inner section of coiled springs covered with foam or other cushioning material then enclosed with cloth fabric.

matura maturas n
matura
A final exam that young adults (aged 18 or 19) take at the end of their secondary education in certain European countries.

mature /məˈt(j)ʊəɹ/ /məˈtjʊə/ /məˈt͡ʃɔː/ /məˈt͡ʃɝ/ /məˈt͡ʃʊ(ə)ɹ/ /məˈt͡ʃʊə/ maturer maturest more mature most mature adj
dojrzały
Fully developed; grown up in terms of physical appearance, behaviour or thinking; ripe.

maturity /məˈtjʊəɹəti/ /məˈtʊəɹəti/ /məˈt͡ʃʊəɹəti/ maturities n
dojrzałość
The state of being mature, ready or ripe; the prime state of productibility and self expression.
dojrzałość dorosłość
When bodily growth has completed and/or reproduction can begin.

matzo /ˈmætsə/ /ˈmætsəʊ/ /ˈmɑːtsoʊ/ /ˈmɑːtsə/ /ˌmɑːˈtsɑː/ matzos matzot matzoth n
maca przaśnik
(uncountable) Thin, unleavened bread in Jewish cuisine.

maté /ˈmæteɪ/ /ˈmɑteɪ/ matés n
mate yerba mate
(uncountable) A beverage, resembling tea, made from the dried leaves of this plant.

maulstick /ˈmɔːl.stɪk/ maulsticks n
malsztok malsztuk
(arts) A short stick with a pad on one end, used by a painter to steady their hand, and to prevent it from accidentally touching the painting.

maunder /ˈmɔndɚ/ /ˈmɔːndə/ v
bajtlować zbajtlować
To speak in a disorganized or desultory manner; to babble or prattle.

mausoleum /ˌmɔ.səˈli.əm/ /ˌmɔː.zəˈliː.əm/ mausolea mausoleums n
mauzoleum
A large stately tomb or a building housing such a tomb or several tombs.

mauve /moʊv/ /mɔːv/ /məʊv/ mauves n
moweina
(historical) A bright purple synthetic dye.
The colour of this dye; a pale purple or violet colour.

maverick /ˈmævəɹɪk/ mavericks n
indywidualista wolny duch
(by extension) One who is unconventional or does not abide by rules. [from 1880s]

maw-worm maw-worms n
glista
Any of several parasitic worms which infest the mammalian stomach and intestines, especially a nematode.

max /mæks/ adj
maks
(informal) Maximum; maximal.

maxi more maxi most maxi adj
maksi
Having a hemline at ankle length.

maxilla /mækˈsɪl.ə/ maxillae maxillas maxillæ n
szczęka
(skeleton) Either of the two bones that lie with one on each side of the upper jaw lateral to the premaxilla and that in higher vertebrates bear most of the teeth.

maxillary /makˈsɪl.ə.ɹi/ /ˈmæk.səˌlɛɹ.i/ adj
szczękowy
(anatomy) Of or relating to the jaw or jawbone.

maxilliped maxillipeds n
szczękonóże
One of the appendages on the heads of centipedes and some crustaceans behind the maxillae, used for feeding. The maxillipeds, known as forcipules, give centipedes their scientific name, Chilopoda (lip-foot).

maxim /ˈmæk.səm/ /ˈmæk.sɪm/ maxims n
maksyma
A precept; a succinct statement or observation of a rule of conduct or moral teaching.

maximal /ˈmæksɪməl/ adj
maksymalny
Largest, greatest (in magnitude), highest, most.

maximally more maximally most maximally adv
maksymalnie
To a maximal extent; as much as possible.

maximization maximizations n
maksymalizacja
The act of raising something to its greatest value or extent.

maximize /ˈmæksəmaɪz/ v
maksymalizować zmaksymalizować
to make as large as possible

maximum /ˈmæksɪməm/ maxima maximums n
maksimum
The highest limit.

may /meɪ/ v
móc
(modal auxiliary verb, defective) To have permission to, be allowed. Used in granting permission and in questions to make polite requests. [from 9th c.]
móc możliwe, że
(modal auxiliary verb, defective) Expressing a present possibility; possibly. [from 13th c.]
niech bodaj bogdaj niechaj oby żeby
(subjunctive present, defective) Expressing a wish (with present subjunctive effect). [from 16th c.]

may God be my witness phraseologicalUnit
Bóg mi świadkiem jak mi Bóg miły

may the Force be with you phraseologicalUnit
niech Moc będzie z tobą
(idiomatic) Used to wish someone luck with a difficult endeavor.

maybe /ˈmeɪbi/ [ˈmeɪ̯bi] adv
może
(as a pro-sentence) Perhaps that is true (expressing no commitment to a decision or a neutral viewpoint to a statement).

mayfly mayflies n
jętka
Any of the many fragile insects of the order Ephemeroptera that develop in fresh water and live very briefly as winged adults.

mayhem /ˈmeɪhɛm/ /ˈmeɪəm/ mayhems n
chaos bezrząd bezład
A state or situation of great confusion, disorder, trouble or destruction; chaos.
okaleczenie
Infliction of violent injury on a person or thing.

mayonnaise /ˈmeɪ.ə.neɪz/ /ˈmæn.eɪz/ /ˌmeɪ.əˈneɪz/ [ˈmɐ.jɔ.nɛs] [ˈmɛən-] mayonnaises n
majonez
Any cold dish with that dressing as an ingredient.

mayor /ˈmeɪ.ə/ /ˈmeɪ.ɚ/ /ˈmɛə̯/ /ˈmɛɚ/ mayors n
burmistrz burmistrzyni
(Ireland, rare, obsolete) A member of a city council.

mayoress /meɪəˈɹɛs/ /meɪɚˈɛs/ /mɛəˈɹɛs/ mayor mayoresses n
burmistrzyni
A daughter or female friend of a male mayor chosen by him to hold the title mayoress.

mazagran mazagrans n
mazagran

maze /ˈmeɪz/ mazes n
labirynt błędnik
A labyrinth; a puzzle consisting of a complicated network of paths or passages, the aim of which is to find one's way through.

mazel tov /ˈmaz(ə)l ˌtɒf/ /ˈmaz(ə)l ˌtɒv/ /ˈmɑz(ə)lˌtɑf/ /ˈmɑz(ə)lˌtɑv/ /ˈmɑz(ə)lˌtɔf/ /ˈmɑz(ə)lˌtɔv/ interjection
mazzal tow
(in a, _, Jewish, _, context) Used to express congratulations or good wishes, especially at weddings.

mazurka /məˈzɜː(ɹ)kə/ /məˈzʊə(ɹ)kə/ mazurkas n
mazurek
(music) A Polish folk dance in triple time, usually moderately fast, containing a heavy accent on the third beat and occasionally the second beat.
(music) A classical musical composition inspired by the folk dance and conforming in some respects to its form, particularly as popularized by Chopin.

mazurzenie n
mazurzenie

mazut mazuts n
ciężki olej opałowy mazut
(petrochemistry) A heavy, low-quality fuel oil, used in generating plants and similar applications, or broken down to produce diesel.

me /mi/ /miː/ pronoun
mnie mi
(archaic, proscribed) Myself; as a reflexive direct object of a verb.
As the object of a preposition.
(colloquial, proscribed) Myself; as a reflexive indirect object of a verb; the ethical dative.

me neither phraseologicalUnit
ja też nie
(colloquial) Used to say that a negative-containing statement of the previous speaker applies to the speaker as well.

me too phraseologicalUnit
ja też
That applies to me as well.

mead /miːd/ meads n
miód pitny miód
An alcoholic drink fermented from honey and water.

meadery /ˈmidəɹi/ /ˈmiːdəɹi/ meaderies n
miodosytnia
A place where mead is made.

meadow /ˈmɛd.oʊ/ /ˈmɛd.əʊ/ [ˈmɛɾoʊ] meadows n
łąka
A field or pasture; a piece of land covered or cultivated with grass, usually intended to be mown for hay.

meadow pipit meadow pipits n
świergotek łąkowy
A small passerine bird (Anthus pratensis).

meadowlark meadowlarks n
wojak
Any of several songbirds of the genera Sturnella and Leistes, native to the Americas. [from 19th c.]

meadowrue meadowrues n
rutewka
A plant (any plant of genus Thalictrum), also known as thalictrum

meadowsweet /ˈmɛdoʊˈswit/ /ˈmɛdəʊswiːt/ meadowsweets n
wiązówka błotna
A Eurasian perennial flowering plant of Rosaceae family, Filipendula ulmaria.

meal /mil/ /miːl/ [miəɫ] meals n
posiłek danie jedzenie
(countable) Food that is prepared and eaten, usually at a specific time, and usually in a comparatively large quantity (as opposed to a snack).
mączka
The coarse-ground edible part of various grains often used to feed animals; flour or a coarser blend than flour.

meal voucher meal vouchers n
talon na posiłek

mealworm /ˈmiːlˌwɜː(ɹ)m/ mealworms n
mącznik
The larval stage of the mealworm beetle (Tenebrio molitor), a species of darkling beetle.

mealworm beetle mealworm beetles n
mącznik mącznik młynarek młynarek
A darkling beetle (or darkening beetle) of species Tenebrio molitor, in the family Tenebrionidae, whose larvae (mealworms) are typically used as a food source for reptile, fish, and avian pets.

mealy /miːli/ mealier mealiest adj
mączny
Resembling meal (the foodstuff).

mean /min/ /miːn/ adj
średni
Having the mean (see noun below) as its value; average.

mean /min/ /miːn/ v
chcieć
(transitive) To intend, to plan (to do); to have as one's intention. [from 8th c.]
znaczyć chcieć mieć na myśli
(transitive) Of a person (or animal etc): to intend to express, to imply, to hint at, to allude.

mean business v
nie żartować

mean the world to v
przesłaniać cały świat przesłonić cały świat

mean well v
chcieć dobrze
To have good intentions; to do with a noble or positive purpose in mind.

meander /miˈændə(ɹ)/ /miˈændɚ/ meanders n
meander zakole
(geography) One of a series of regular sinuous curves, bends, loops, turns, or windings in the channel of a river, stream, or other watercourse

meander /miˈændə(ɹ)/ /miˈændɚ/ v
wić
(intransitive) To wind or turn in a course or passage
(transitive) To wind, turn, or twist; to make flexuous.

meandering more meandering most meandering adj
meandrowanie
Winding or rambling.

meaning /ˈminɪŋ/ /ˈmiːnɪŋ/ meanings n
znaczenie sens
The denotation, referent, or idea connected with a word, expression, or symbol.
The purpose, value, or significance (of something) beyond the fact of that thing's existence.

meaning of life n
sens życia
(philosophy, religion) A hypothetical answer to all of life's ultimate questions; the purpose or raison d'être of human life.

meaningful /ˈminɪŋfʊl/ more meaningful most meaningful adj
znaczny znaczący
Having meaning, significant.

meaningless more meaningless most meaningless adj
bez znaczenia bezsensowny
Lacking meaning.

meaninglessness meaninglessnesses n
bezsensowność
(uncountable) The state of lacking meaning; the quality of being meaningless.

meanness meannesses n
draństwo nikczemność podłość
(uncountable) The condition, or quality, of being mean (any of its definitions)

means /minz/ /miːnz/ n
medium środki
(uncountable) Resources; riches.

means of production n
środki produkcji
(economics, Marxism) The combination of the means of labor, such as machines, tools, and equipment, and the subject of labor used by workers to make products.

means of transportation means of transportation n
środek transportu
Any of the different kinds of transport facilities used to carry people or cargo.

means to an end /miːnz tuː ən ɛnd/ means to an end means to ends n
środek do celu
A method by which a goal is achieved.

meantime /ˈmiːntaɪm/ meantimes n
międzyczas
The time spent waiting for another event; time in between.

meanwhile /ˈmiːnhwaɪl/ /ˈmiːnwaɪl/ adv
tymczasem w międzyczasie na razie
During the time that something is happening, often specifically in a different place.
tymczasem w międzyczasie
During an intervening time; from now until a future time.

measles /ˈmizəlz/ /ˈmiːzəlz/ n
odra
(medicine) An acute and highly contagious disease which often afflicts children caused by the virus Measles morbillivirus and causing red rashes, fever, runny nose, coughing, and red eyes.

measurable /ˈmɛʒəɹəbəl/ /ˈmɛʒɹəbəl/ more measurable most measurable adj
mierzalny
Able to be measured.

measure /ˈmeɪ.ʒə/ /ˈmeɪ.ʒɚ/ /ˈmeʒ.ə/ /ˈmɛʒ.ə/ /ˈmɛʒ.ɚ/ /ˈmɪ.ʒɚ/ measures n
miara
A standard against which something can be judged; a criterion. [from 14th c.]
miara miarka
The size of someone or something, as ascertained by measuring. (Now chiefly in make to measure.) [from 14th c.]
miara rozmiar
(mathematics) A function that assigns a non-negative number to a given set following the mathematical nature that is common among length, volume, probability and the like. [from 20th c.]
pomiar
The act or result of measuring.
takt
(music) A musical designation consisting of all notes and or rests delineated by two vertical bars; an equal and regular division of the whole of a composition; a bar. [from 17th c.]
środek miara
(in plural) Actions designed to achieve some purpose; plans. [from 17th c.]

measure /ˈmeɪ.ʒə/ /ˈmeɪ.ʒɚ/ /ˈmeʒ.ə/ /ˈmɛʒ.ə/ /ˈmɛʒ.ɚ/ /ˈmɪ.ʒɚ/ v
mierzyć zmierzyć
To ascertain the quantity of a unit of material via calculated comparison with respect to a standard.

measure up v
mierzyć siły na zamiary
(idiomatic) To meet expectations; to be as good as.

measure word measure words n
klasyfikator
(linguistics) A word or morpheme used in combination with a numeral to indicate the count of nouns, used especially in Asian languages.

measureless adj
bezmierny

measurelessly more measurelessly most measurelessly adv
bezmiernie

measurelessness n
bezmierność

measurement /ˈmeʒ.ə.mənt/ /ˈmɛʒ.ə.mənt/ /ˈmɛʒ.ɚ.mənt/ [ˈmɛʒ.ɚ.mn̩t] measurements n
pomiar
The act of measuring.
wielkość
Value (quantity, magnitude, extent or amount) determined by an act of measuring.

measuring cup measuring cups n
miarka
A kitchen utensil used primarily to measure the volume of liquid or bulk solid cooking ingredients.

meat /mit/ /miːt/ meats n
mięso
(uncountable) The flesh (muscle tissue) of an animal used as food. [from 14th c.]
(countable) A type of meat, by anatomic position and provenance. [from 16th c.]
mięso miąższ
(uncountable) Any relatively thick, solid part of a fruit, nut etc. [from 15th c.]

meat and potatoes more meat and potatoes most meat and potatoes adj
chleb powszedni
(informal) Normal, average, typical, unexceptional, or nondescript.

meatball meatballs n
klops pulpet klopsik
A ball of minced or ground meat, seasoned and cooked.

meateater meateaters n
mięsożerca
A person who eats meat.
A carnivorous animal.

meatgrinder meatgrinders n
maszynka do mielenia mięsa
A device for cutting meat into very small pieces.

meatless /ˈmiːtləs/ adj
bezmięsny jarski
Without meat.

meatloaf /ˈmit.loʊf/ /ˈmiːt.ləʊf/ meatloaves n
pieczeń rzymska
A dish of ground meat (usually made from ground beef, although lamb, pork, veal, venison, poultry and seafood are also used) formed into a loaf shape, mixed with egg and breadcrumbs, then baked or smoked, and usually served in slices.

meaty /ˈmiːti/ meatier meatiest adj
mięsny
Of, relating to, or containing meat.

mechanic /məˈkænɪk/ mechanics n
mechanik
(now, chiefly, historical) A manual worker; a labourer or artisan. [from 16th c.]
Someone who builds or repairs machinery, a technician; now specifically, someone who works with and repairs the mechanical parts of a motor vehicle, aircraft or similar. [from 17th c.]

mechanical /mɪˈkænɪk(ə)l/ more mechanical most mechanical adj
mechaniczny
Related to mechanics (the branch of physics that deals with forces acting on mass).

mechanical energy mechanical energies n
energia mechaniczna
(physics) The sum of the potential energy and kinetic energy of a body or system

mechanical pencil mechanical pencils n
ołówek automatyczny
(North America) A pencil with a replaceable and mechanically extendable lead that wears away with use, designed to provide lines of constant thickness without requiring sharpening, and typically featuring a small eraser at the end opposite the tip.

mechanics n
mechanika
(physics) The branch of physics that deals with the action of forces on material objects with mass

mechanism /ˈmek.ə.nɪ.zəm/ /ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zəm/ [ˈmek.əˌnɪ.zm̩] [ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zm̩] mechanisms n
mechanizm
(within a machine or machinery) Any mechanical means for the conversion or control of motion, or the transmission or control of power.
A mental, physical, or chemical process.

mechanistic /ˌmɛkəˈnɪstɪk/ more mechanistic most mechanistic adj
mechanistyczny
Predetermined by, or as if by, a mechanism.

mechanization mechanizations n
mechanizacja
The use of machinery to replace human or animal labour, especially in agriculture and industry.

mechanize /ˈmɛkənaɪz/ v
mechanizować zmechanizować
To equip something with machinery.
To make something routine, automatic or monotonous.

mechanized infantry mechanized infantries n
piechota zmechanizowana
Infantry which uses infantry fighting vehicles (types of tanks) in combination with regular infantery tactics.

mechatronics n
mechatronika
The synergistic combination of mechanical engineering, electronic engineering and software engineering for the study of automata from an engineering perspective and the control of advanced hybrid systems.

meconium meconiums n
smółka
(medicine) A dark green mass, the contents of the fetal intestines during the later stages of mammalian gestation, that forms the first feces of the newborn.

medal /ˈmɛdəl/ [ˈmeɾ.ɫ̩] [ˈmɛd.ɫ̩] [ˈmɛɾ.ɫ̩] medals n
medal
A stamped metal disc used as a personal ornament, a charm, or a religious object.
A stamped or cast metal object (usually a disc), particularly one awarded as a prize or reward.

medalist /ˈmɛdəlɪst/ medalists n
medalista medalistka
Someone who has received a medal. [from 18th c.]

media /ˈmidi.ə/ /ˈmiːdiə/ media medias n
media
(often, treated as, _, uncountable) Means and institutions for publishing and broadcasting information.

media studies /ˈmiːdi.ə ˈstʌdiz/ n
medioznawstwo
Academic discipline that deals with the content, history, meaning and effects of various media, in particular mass media.

median /ˈmi.di.ən/ /ˈmiː.dɪən/ [ˈmɪi.di.ən] medians n
mediana
(statistics) A number separating the higher half from the lower half of a data sample, population, or probability distribution. The median of a finite list of numbers can be found by arranging all the observations from lowest value to highest value and picking the middle one (e.g., the median of {3, 3, 5, 9, 11} is 5). If there is an even number of observations, then there is no single middle value; the median is then usually defined to be the mean of the two middle values. [from 19th c.]

mediator /ˈmidieɪtɚ/ mediators n
mediator mediatorka rozjemca rozjemczyni
One who negotiates between parties seeking mutual agreement.
mediator neuromediator neuroprzekaźnik neurotransmiter
A chemical substance transmitting information to a targeted cell.

medical /ˈmɛdɪkl̩/ more medical most medical adj
medyczny lekarski
Of or pertaining to the practice of medicine.

medical condition medical conditions n
stan chorobowy stan zdrowia
An illness, disease, trauma, disability, malfunction or some other medically measurable disorder of any kind.

medical history medical histories n
karta pacjenta
Details of a patient's previous medical experiences, such as existing comorbidities, past infections, operations undergone, and medications taken.

medical school medical schools n
medyk
A school that teaches medicine.

medical tourism n
turystyka medyczna
(pejorative) Travelling across international borders, generally from a rich country to a poor country, to deliver healthcare, often on a temporary basis.
Travelling across international borders to obtain health care.

medicalization medicalizations n
medykalizacja
The act or process of medicalizing.

medicalize v
czynić medycznym
(transitive) To make medical; to convert or reduce to a branch of medicine; especially, to pathologize.

medicine /ˈmɛd.s(ɪ)n/ /ˈmɛd.ɪ.s(ɪ)n/ /ˈmɛd.ɪ.sɪn/ /ˈmɛdəs(ə)n/ medicines n
lek lekarstwo medykament
(uncountable, countable) A substance which specifically promotes healing when ingested or consumed in some way; a pharmaceutical drug.
leczenie
(broadly, countable) Any treatment or cure.
medycyna
(uncountable) The study of the cause, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of disease or illness.
(uncountable) The profession and practice of physicians, including surgeons.

medicine ball medicine balls n
piłka lekarska
A large, heavy sphere of leather, plastic or rubber etc. filled with sand or similar, and used for athletic training or physical rehabilitation.

medicine woman medicine women n
babka
A female Native American (or, any other indigenous) shamanistic healer.

medick medicks n
lucerna
Any of various European and North African herbs, of the genus Medicago, several of which are grown for fodder etc.

medieval /mɪd.ˈi.vəl/ /mɪd.ˈiː.vəl/ /ˌmiː.di.ˈiː.vəl/ /ˌmɛd.i.ˈiː.vəl/ /ˌmɛdi.ˈi.vəl/ more medieval most medieval adj
średniowieczny
Of or relating to the Middle Ages, the period from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.
Having characteristics associated with the Middle Ages in popular, modern cultural perception:

medievalist medievalists n
mediewista mediewistka
one who studies the culture and history of the Middle Ages

mediocre /ˈmiːdɪˌəʊkə/ /ˌmidiˈoʊkəɹ/ /ˌmiːdɪˈəʊkə/ more mediocre most mediocre adj
mierny niespecjalny przeciętny średni
Having no peculiar or outstanding features; not extraordinary, special, exceptional, or great; of medium quality, almost always with a negative connotation.

meditate v
medytować
(intransitive) To contemplate; to keep the mind fixed upon something; to study.

meditation /mɛdɪˈteɪʃən/ meditations n
medytacja
A devotional exercise of, or leading to contemplation.
A contemplative discourse, often on a religious or philosophical subject.

mediterranean sea /ˌmɛ.də.təˈɹeɪ.ni.ən ˈsi/ /ˌmɛ.də.təˈɹeɪ.njən ˈsi/ /ˌmɛ.dɪ.təˈɹeɪ.nɪ.ən ˈsiː/ mediterranean seas n
morze śródlądowe morze śródziemne
(oceanography) A mostly enclosed sea that has limited exchange of deep water with outer oceans, and where the water circulation is dominated by salinity and temperature differences rather than winds.

medium /ˈmiː.di.əm/ adj
średni
Of intermediate size, degree, amount etc.

medium /ˈmiː.di.əm/ media mediums n
medium
(countable, spiritualism, plural mediums) Someone who supposedly conveys information from the spirit world.

medium dry adj
półwytrawne

medium-sized adj
średni średniogabarytowy średniowymiarowy
Having a medium or intermediate size.

medium-term adj
średnioterminowy

medlar /ˈmedlɘ/ /ˈmɛdlə/ /ˈmɛdlɚ/ medlars n
nieszpułka
Mespilus germanica, common medlar (now often Crataegus germanica)
Any tree of the genus Mespilus, now Crataegus sect. Mespilus, including many species now in other genera.

medulla /məˈdulə/ /məˈdʌlə/ /mɛdʌlə/ [məˈdɐlə] [məˈdʉɫə] [mɛˈdɐlə] medullae medullas medullæ n
rdzeń przedłużony
(anatomy, neuroanatomy) The medulla oblongata.

medulla oblongata /məˈdulə ˌɑblɑŋˈɡɑtə/ /məˈdʌlə ˌɒblɒŋˈɡɑːtə/ [məˈdʉɫə ˌɑb.ɫɑŋˈɡɑɾə] [məˈdʌlə ˌɔb.lɔŋˈɡɑːtə] n
rdzeń przedłużony
(neuroanatomy, anatomy) The lower portion of the brainstem.

meek /mik/ /miːk/ meeker meekest adj
arcyskromny cichy pokorny
Humble, non-boastful, modest, meager, or self-effacing.
arcyskromny
Submissive, dispirited.

meekly /miːk.li/ more meekly most meekly adv
arcyskromnie
In a meek manner; quietly and humbly.

meerkat /ˈmɪəkat/ /ˈmɪəɹkæt/ meerkats n
surykatka
Suricata suricatta, a small carnivorous mammal of the mongoose family, from the Kalahari Desert, known for its habit of standing on its hind legs.

meet /mit/ /miːt/ meeter meetest adj
odpowiedni

meet /mit/ /miːt/ v
spotykać się spotkać się widzieć się zobaczyć się
To come face to face with by accident; to encounter.
To come face to face with someone by arrangement.
spotkać spotykać poznać poznawać
To perceive; to come to a knowledge of; to have personal acquaintance with; to experience; to suffer.

meeting /ˈmitɪŋ/ /ˈmiːtɪŋ/ [ˈmiɾɪŋ] meetings n
spotkanie meeting mityng
A gathering of persons for a purpose; an assembly.

meeting place meeting places n
miejsce spotkań
A place where people arrange to meet.

mega- /ˈmeɪɡə/ /ˈmɛɡə/ prefix
mega-
In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by one million (106.) SI Symbol: M.

megabat megabats n
rudawkowate
Any of the bats in the suborder Megachiroptera consisting of one family, Pteropodidae; a fruit bat.

megabyte /ˈmɛɡəˌbaɪt/ megabytes n
megabajt
(computing, formal) One million (106, or 1,000,000) bytes or 1,000 kilobytes.

megagon megagons n
wielokąt z milionem bokami
A polygon with one million sides.

megagram megagrams n
megagram
(metrology) An SI unit of mass equal to 106 grams. Symbol: Mg

megajoule megajoules n
megadżul
(metrology) An SI unit of energy equal to 106 joules. Symbol: MJ

megalodon megalodons n
megalodon
A species of extinct shark that lived during the Miocene and Pliocene epochs (†Carcharocles megalodon or †Otodus megalodon).

megalomaniac /ˌmɛɡəloʊˈmeɪniæk/ more megalomaniac most megalomaniac adj
megalomaniczny
Of, exhibiting, or affected with megalomania.

megalomaniac /ˌmɛɡəloʊˈmeɪniæk/ megalomaniacs n
megaloman megalomanka
One affected with or exhibiting megalomania.

megaphanerophyte megaphanerophytes n
megafanerofit

megaphone /ˈmɛɡ.əˌfəʊn/ /ˈmɛɡəˌfoʊn/ megaphones n
megafon
A portable, usually hand-held, funnel-shaped device that is used to amplify a person’s natural voice toward a targeted direction.

meiosis /maɪˈoʊ.sɪs/ /maɪˈəʊ.sɪs/ meioses n
mejoza
(usually, uncountable, cytology) Cell division of a diploid cell into four haploid cells, which develop to produce gametes.

meitnerium /maɪtˈnɪəɹi.əm/ n
meitner
A transuranic chemical element (symbol Mt) with atomic number 109.

melancholia melancholias n
melancholia

melancholic more melancholic most melancholic adj
melancholiczny melancholijny
Filled with or affected by melancholy—great sadness or depression, especially of a thoughtful or introspective nature.

melancholic melancholics n
melancholiczka melancholik
A person who is habitually melancholy.

melancholically more melancholically most melancholically adv
melancholicznie
In a melancholic manner.

melancholy /ˈmɛl.ənˌkɑ.li/ /ˈmɛlənkəli/ melancholies n
melancholia
Great sadness or depression, especially of a thoughtful or introspective nature.

melange /-ˈlɑndʒ/ /meɪ-/ /məˈlɑnʒ/ melanges n
melanż mieszanina
A mixture of different things; a disordered mixture.

melanin /ˈmɛlənɪn/ melanins n
melanina
(biochemistry) Any of a group of naturally occurring dark pigments, especially the pigment found in skin, hair, fur, and feathers.

melanism melanisms n
melanizm
Congenital excess of melanin pigmentation in the skin, hair, feathers and/or eyes.

melanistic more melanistic most melanistic adj
melanistyczny

melanoma /mɛləˈnoʊmə/ melanomas melanomata n
czerniak czerniak złośliwy
(oncology, disease) A dark-pigmented, usually malignant tumor arising from a melanocyte and occurring most commonly in the skin.

melasma n
ostuda melanodermia
(pathology) A tan or dark skin discoloration, particularly common in pregnant women, thought to be caused by the stimulation of melanocytes by estrogen and progesterone.

melatonin /ˌmɛləˈtoʊnɪn/ melatonins n
melatonina
Any material similar in its chemistry and effect to the natural hormone.

melee /meɪˈleɪ/ /məˈleɪ/ /ˈmeɪˌleɪ/ /ˈmɛ.li/ /ˈmɛˌleɪ/ melees n
walka wręcz
(especially, military, gaming) A battle fought at close range, (especially) one not involving ranged weapons; hand-to-hand combat; brawling.

melissa /məˈlɪsə/ melissas n
melisa rojownik
A plant of the genus Melissa, especially lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), often used medicinally.

melo- prefix
melo-

melodeclamation melodeclamations n
melodeklamacja

melodious /məˈləʊdiəs/ more melodious most melodious adj
melodyjny
Having a pleasant melody or sound; tuneful.

melodious warbler melodious warblers n
zaganiacz szczebiotliwy zaganiacz wielomówny
Hippolais polyglotta, an Old World warbler in the genus Hippolais, of Southern Europe and Africa.

melodiously more melodiously most melodiously adv
melodyjnie
In a melodious manner.

melodiousness n
melodyjność
The property of being melodious.

melodrama /ˈmɛləˌdɹɑːmə/ melodramas melodramata n
melodramat
(countable) A drama abounding in romantic sentiment and agonizing situations, with a musical accompaniment only in parts which are especially thrilling or pathetic. In opera, a passage in which the orchestra plays a somewhat descriptive accompaniment, while the actor speaks

melody /ˈmɛl.ə.di/ melodies n
melodia
A sequence of notes that makes up a musical phrase

melomaniac /ˌmɛlə(ʊ)ˈmeɪnɪak/ melomaniacs n
meloman melomanka
One with an abnormal fondness of music; a person who loves music. [from 19th c.]

melon /ˈmɛlən/ melons n
melon
(uncountable) The large, round to ovoid fruits that have rinds and are of such plants
melony
(usually, in the plural, slang) Breasts.

melt /mɛlt/ v
topnieć roztapiać stapiać topić roztopić stopić się
(ergative) To change (or to be changed) from a solid state to a liquid state, usually by a gradual heat.
topnieć stopić się stopnieć topić się
(transitive, figurative) To soften, as by a warming or kindly influence; to relax; to render gentle or susceptible to mild influences; sometimes, in a bad sense, to take away the firmness of; to weaken.
rozpływać się topić się
(intransitive, colloquial) To be very hot and sweat profusely.

melt down v
przetapiać przetopić
(transitive) To melt fully, especially metal or glass so that it can be remade into something else.

melt in the mouth adj
miód w gębie niebo w gębie
(idiom, of food) Deliciously soft and creamy, creating a melting sensation when eaten, and therefore needing little chewing.

melt in the mouth v
rozpływać się w ustach
(idiom, of food) To be deliciously soft and creamy; to create a melting sensation when eaten; to need little chewing.

melt pond /ˈmɛlt ˌpɑnd/ /ˈmɛlt ˌpɒnd/ melt ponds n
staw stopionej wody
(glaciology) Pools of melted water which form on glacial, shelf, or sea ice, typically during warmer periods.

meltdown meltdowns n
stopienie rdzenia reaktora jądrowego
Severe overheating of the core of a nuclear reactor resulting in the core melting and potentially in radiation escaping.

melting point melting points n
temperatura topnienia
(chemistry, physics) The temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a substance are in equilibrium; it is relatively insensitive to changes in pressure.

melting pot melting pots n
tygiel
A crucible, or similar pot, used to fuse mixtures of metals etc.
(idiomatic) A place where many divergent things (often races or cultures, but also talents) come together and are homogenized.

member /ˈmɛmbə/ /ˈmɛmbɚ/ members n
członek członkini
One who belongs to a group.
członek
Part of an animal capable of performing a distinct office; an organ; a limb.
(euphemism) The penis.

member state member states n
państwo członkowskie
A sovereign state which is a member of an international organisation or some kind of confederation of other such states.

membership memberships n
członkostwo
(math) The fact of being a member of a set.

membership card membership cards n
karta członkowska
A small card issued to and held by a member of a club, society or other organisation, verifying the member's membership for a given period.

membrane /ˈmɛm.bɹeɪn/ membranes n
membrana
A mechanical, thin, flat flexible part that can deform or vibrate when excited by an external force.
A piece of parchment forming part of a roll.
membrana błona błonka zakrywka
(anatomy, zootomy) A flexible enclosing or separating tissue forming a plane or film and separating two environments.

membranogenic adj
błonkotwórczy błonotwórczy

membranous /ˈmɛm.bɹən.əs/ more membranous most membranous adj
błoniasty błonkowaty
(anatomy, zoology) Having the qualities of, or pertaining to, a membrane.

meme /miːm/ memes n
mem
(originally) Any unit of (originally cultural) information, such as a practice or idea, that is transmitted verbally or by repeated action from one mind to another in a comparable way to the transmission of genes.
(Internet) Media, usually humorous, which is copied and circulated online with slight adaptations, such as basic pictures, video templates, etc. [from 1993]

memetics /mɛˈmɛtɪks/ n
memetyka
(philosophy) The study of memes and their social and cultural effects.

memo /ˈmɛmoʊ̯/ /ˈmɛməʊ̯/ memos n
notatka zapisek
A short note; a memorandum.

memoir /ˈmɛmˌwɑɹ/ /ˈmɛmˌwɑː/ /ˈmɛmˌwɔːɹ/ /ˈmɛmˌɔɪəɹ/ memoirs n
pamiętnik
A biography; a book describing the experiences of a subject from personal knowledge of the subject or from sources with personal knowledge of the subject.

memoization n
memoizacja

memorable /ˈmɛm(ə)ɹəbl̩/ more memorable most memorable adj
pamiętny
Worthy to be remembered; very important or remarkable.

memorandum /ˌmɛm.əˈɹæn.dəm/ memoranda memorandums n
notatka zapisek
A short note serving as a reminder.
memorandum
A brief diplomatic communication.

memorial /məˈmoʊɹi.əl/ /məˈmɔːɹi.əl/ memorials n
miejsce pamięci pomnik
(obsolete) Memory; recollection. [14th–18th c.]
Something, such as a monument, by which someone or something is remembered. [from 14th c.]
A chronicle or memoir. [from 14th c.]
(now, rare) A note or memorandum. [from 14th c.]
(chiefly, Christianity) A service of remembrance or commemoration. [from 15th c.]
(legal) A statement of facts set out in the form of a petition to a person in authority, a court or tribunal, a government, etc. [from 17th c.]

memorization memorizations n
zapamiętywanie
The act of committing something to memory or memorizing.

memorize /ˈmem.əˌɹɑɪ̯z/ /ˈmɛm.əˌɹaɪ̯z/ v
nauczyć się na pamięć zapamiętać zapamiętywać
To fully learn so as to have entirely available to the memory; to learn by heart, commit to memory.

memory /ˈmɛm(ə)ɹi/ /ˈmɪm(ə)ɹi/ memories n
pamięć
(uncountable) The ability of the brain to record information or impressions with the facility of recalling them later at will.
(computing) The part of a computer that stores variable executable code or data (RAM) or unalterable executable code or default data (ROM).
wspomnienie pamięć
A record of a thing or an event stored and available for later use by the organism.

memory card memory cards n
karta pamięci
(computer hardware) A personal computer's expansion memory module that fits in a standard interface such as a PCI or ISA slot.

memory lane /ˈmɛm(ə)ɹi ˌleɪn/ memory lanes n
powspominać
(idiomatic, sometimes, capitalized) A set of recollections available to be reviewed, especially accompanied by a feeling of nostalgia.

memory leak memory leaks n
wyciek pamięci
(computing) Any of several faults in the memory allocation logic of a computer or program whereby parts of memory become hidden or unusable.

memory of a goldfish n
pamięć złotej rybki
(colloquial) A very poor memory.

memory stick memory sticks n
karta pamięci
(computing) One of a series of memory devices manufactured by the Sony Corporation ranging in size from a USB drive down to a flash card.

men /mɛn/ /mɪn/ n
ludzie
(collective, dated) (The) people, humanity, man(kind).

menace /ˈmɛnɪs/ menaces n
groźba zagrożenie
A perceived threat or danger. [a. 1300]
zmora
(informal) An annoying and bothersome person or thing.

menace /ˈmɛnɪs/ v
grozić
(transitive) To make threats against (someone); to intimidate.

menagerie /mɪˈnæd͡ʒəɹɪ/ /mɪˈnæʒəɹɪ/ menageries n
menażeria zwierzyniec
A collection of live wild animals as an exhibition historically associated with the aristocracy and considered a precursor of modern zoos.
menażeria
A diverse or miscellaneous group.

menaion menaia n
Mineja
The annual fixed liturgical cycle of services used in the Eastern Orthodox and Greek-Catholic Churches, containing a list of the services and large collection of liturgical texts for an entire month. Twelve volumes are usually offered for the year, as a set known as the menaia.

mend /mɛnd/ /mɪnd/ v
cerować zacerować
(transitive) To put in a better state; to set right; to reform;
(intransitive) To grow better; to advance to a better state; to become improved.
naprawić naprawiać
(transitive) To help, to advance, to further; to add to.

mendelevium /ˌmɛndəˈliːviəm/ n
mendelew
(chemistry) A transuranic chemical element (symbol Md, formerly Mv) with atomic number 101.

mendicant /ˈmɛn.dɪ.kənt/ adj
żebrzący
Depending on alms for a living.
mendykancki żebraczy
Of or pertaining to a member of a religious order forbidden to own property, and who must beg for a living.

mendicant /ˈmɛn.dɪ.kənt/ mendicants n
żebraczka żebrak
A pauper who lives by begging.
mendykant
A religious friar, forbidden to own personal property, who begs for a living.

menhir /ˈmɛnhɪə/ /ˈmɛnˌ(h)ɪ(ə)ɹ/ menhirs n
menhir
(archaeology) A single tall standing stone as a monument, especially one dating to prehistoric times.

meningioma meningiomas meningiomata n
oponiak
(pathology) A common tumour of the central nervous system, occurring in the meninges, usually benign.

meningitis /ˌmɛnɪnˈdʒaɪtɪs/ meningitides n
zapalenie opon mózgowych
(pathology) Inflammation of the meninges, characterized by headache, neck stiffness and photophobia and also fever, chills, vomiting and myalgia.

meningococcus meningococci n
meningokok
A pathogenic bacterium, Neisseria meningitidis, common cause of cerebrospinal meningitis

meninx /ˈmi.nɪŋks/ /ˈmiː.nɪŋks/ /ˈmɛn.ɪŋks/ meninges n
opona mózgowo-rdzeniowa
(anatomy, usually, in the plural) A membrane, especially one of the three membranes lining the skull and vertebral canal and enclosing the brain and spinal cord in vertebrates.

meniscus /mə.ˈnɪs.kəs/ /mɛ.ˈnɪs.kəs/ menisci meniscuses n
menisk łękotka
The curved surface of liquids in tubes, whether concave or convex, caused by the surface tension of the liquid. [from 19th c.]
łękotka
(anatomy) Either of two parts of the human knee that provide structural integrity to the knee when it undergoes tension and torsion. [from 19th c.]

menopause /ˈmɛnoʊpɔːz/ /ˈmɛnəpɔːz/ menopauses n
przekwitanie klimakterium menopauza
The final menstrual period of a woman after which ovulation no longer occurs.

menorah /mɪˈnɔːɹə/ menorahs menorot menoroth n
menora
(Judaism) A holy candelabrum with seven branches used in the Temple of Jerusalem.

mensch /mɛnt͡ʃ/ menschen mensches n
morus równiacha równiak równy gość swój chłop
A person (chiefly male) of strength, integrity, and honor or compassion.

menses /ˈmɛn.siːz/ n
krwawienie miesięczne
The discharge of blood mixed with pieces of cellular tissue from the uterus out through the vagina, which occurs roughly every month in uninseminated women; menstrual flow.

mensiversary mensiversaries n
miesięcznica
(rare) A day that marks an exact month (or specified number of months) since the occurrence of a significant event.

menstrual /ˈmɛn.stɹu.əl/ /ˈmɛn.stɹəl/ adj
miesiączkowy
Of or relating to the menses.

menstrual cup /ˈmɛn.stɹu.əl kʌp/ menstrual cups n
kubeczek menstruacyjny
A receptacle worn inside the vagina during menstruation to collect menstrual fluid.

menstrual pad menstrual pads n
podpaska
A pad of absorbent material (such as cotton) used to absorb menstrual flow.

menstruate /ˈmɛnstɹəˌweɪt/ /ˈmɛnstɹʊeɪt/ /ˌmɛnstɹuˈeɪt/ /ˌmɛnˈstɹeɪt/ v
miesiączkować
(intransitive) To undergo menstruation, to have a period.

menstruation /-stɹəˈweɪ-/ /ˌmɛnstɹuˈeɪʃən/ /ˌmɛnstɹuːˈeɪʃən/ /ˌmɛnstɹʊˈeɪʃən/ /ˌmɛnˈstɹeɪʃən/ menstruations n
menstruacja miesiączka okres
The periodic discharging of the menses, the flow of blood and cells from the lining of the uterus in unfertilized females of humans and other primates.

mental /ˈmɛn.təl/ [ˈmɛnɘl] [ˈmɛɾ̃ɘl] more mental most mental adj
psychiczny umysłowy mentalny
(relational) Of or relating to the mind or specifically the total emotional and intellectual response of an individual to external reality.

mental hospital mental hospitals n
szpital psychiatryczny dom wariatów psychiatryk wariatkowo
A hospital facility designed to treat persons with serious mental disorders, as opposed to disorders of the body.

mental illness mental illnesses n
choroba psychiczna zaburzenie psychiczne
(uncountable, psychiatry) The property of being mentally ill; mental disorders taken as a whole.

mental image mental images n
obraz mentalny

mentality /-ɪti/ /mənˈtæləti/ /mɛnˈtæləti/ mentalities n
mentalność
A mindset; a way of thinking; a set of beliefs.

mentally /ˈmɛntəli/ more mentally most mentally adv
umysłowo psychicznie
In a mental manner; an idea thought out in one's mind, as opposed to an idea spoken orally.

mentally ill more mentally ill most mentally ill adj
nienormalny
Having a psychological disorder.

menthol /ˈmɛnθɒl/ menthols n
mentol
(chemistry) A cyclic monoterpene alcohol; the major component of the essential oil of peppermint; used in pharmaceutical preparations as an antitussive and antipruritic agent, as a nasal decongestant, and in menthol cigarettes.

mention /ˈmɛnʃən/ mentions n
wzmianka
A speaking or notice of anything, usually in a brief or cursory manner. Used especially in the phrase make mention of.

mention /ˈmɛnʃən/ v
wspominać wspomnieć
To make a short reference to something.

mentionable more mentionable most mentionable adj
cenzuralny parlamentarny
Suitable to be openly talked about, or mentioned; not taboo.

menu /ˈmɛn(j)ɪu̯/ /ˈmɛnju/ /ˈmɛnjuː/ menus n
menu
The details of the food to be served at a banquet; a bill of fare.
(computing, gaming) A list from which the user may select an operation to be performed, often done with a keyboard, mouse, or controller under a graphical user interface
jadłospis menu spis dań
A list containing the food and beverages served at a restaurant, café, or bar. Menus may be printed on paper sheets provided to customers, put on a large poster or display board inside the establishment, displayed outside the restaurant, or digital.

meow /miˈaʊ̯/ /mjaʊ̯/ interjection
miau
The cry of a cat.

meow /miˈaʊ̯/ /mjaʊ̯/ meows n
miauczenie miauk
The cry of a cat.

meow /miˈaʊ̯/ /mjaʊ̯/ v
miauczeć
(intransitive) Of a cat, to make its cry.

mephedrone n
mefedron
The recreational drug 4-methylmethcathinone, related to cathinone.

mercantilism mercantilisms n
merkantylizm
(historical, economics) The theory that a nation must always have a positive balance of trade, in the manner that a merchant would operate a shop. Typically this model presupposes protectionism.

mercenary /ˈmɜː.sə.nə.ɹi/ /ˈmɜː.sən.ɹi/ /ˈmɝsəˌnɛɹi/ mercenaries n
najemnik najemnica
A person employed to fight in an armed conflict who is not a member of the state or military group for which they are fighting and whose primary motivation is private gain.

merchandise /-daɪz/ /ˈmɜːt͡ʃəndaɪs/ /ˈmɝt͡ʃəndaɪs/ merchandises n
towar artykuł dobro produkt
(uncountable) Goods which are or were offered or intended for sale.

merchant /ˈmɜːtʃənt/ /ˈmɝt͡ʃənt/ merchants n
kupiec
A person who traffics in commodities for profit.

merchant bank merchant banks n
bank inwestycyjny
A bank which provides financial services for businesses.

merchant navy merchant navies n
flota handlowa
A civilian maritime fleet dedicated to the sea transport of goods and merchandise; especially, such a fleet of any particular nationality.

merciful /ˈmɜːsɪfl̩/ /ˈmɝsɪfl̩/ more merciful most merciful adj
miłosierny litościwy miłościwy
Showing mercy.

merciless /ˈmɜːsɪləs/ /ˈmɝsɪləs/ more merciless most merciless adj
bezlitosny bezpardonowy bezwzględny niemiłosierny
Showing no mercy; cruel and pitiless.

mercilessly /ˈmɜːsɪləslɪ/ more mercilessly most mercilessly adv
bezlitośnie bezpardonowo
In a merciless manner.

mercilessness mercilessnesses n
bezlitosność bezpardonowość bezwzględność niemiłosierność
The property of being merciless.

mercury /ˈmɜː(ɹ)kjʊɹi/ /ˈmɝk(ə)ɹi/ /ˈmɝkjəɹi/ mercuries n
rtęć żywe srebro
(science, historical) One of the elemental principles formerly thought to be present in all metals. [from 15th c.]
szczyr
An annual plant, annual mercury (Mercurialis annua), formerly grown for its medicinal properties; French mercury, herb mercury. [from 14th c.]
Any plant of any species of the genus and the genus Mercurialis.

mercury-vapour lamp mercury-vapour lamps n
lampa rtęciowa rtęciówka
(British spelling) a gaseous discharge lamp in which the arc discharge takes place in mercury vapour; used for highway illumination and as an industrial source of ultraviolet radiation

mercuryless adj
bezrtęciowy

mercy /ˈmɜːsi/ /ˈmɝsi/ mercies n
miłosierdzie
(uncountable) Relenting; forbearance to cause or allow harm to another.
(uncountable) A tendency toward forgiveness, pity, or compassion.
litość miłosierdzie
(uncountable) Forgiveness or compassion, especially toward those less fortunate.

mere exposure effect mere exposure effects n
efekt czystej ekspozycji

mere mortal mere mortals n
zwykły śmiertelnik
(idiomatic) An ordinary person, without special expertise or status.

merely /ˈmɪəli/ /ˈmɪɹli/ adv
tylko jedynie ino jeno
(focus) Without any other reason etc.; only, just, and nothing more. [from 16th c.]

merger /ˈmɜː.d͡ʒə/ /ˈmɝ.d͡ʒɚ/ mergers n
fuzja
The act or process of merging two or more parts into a single unit.

mericarp mericarps n
rozłupka rozłupki
(botany) An individual carpel of a schizocarp, having a single seed

meridian /məˈɹɪ.di.ən/ /məˈɹɪ.dɪ.ən/ /mɪ-/ meridians n
południk
(also, geography) In full terrestrial meridian: a great circle on the Earth's surface, passing through the geographic poles (the terrestrial North Pole and South Pole); also, half of such a circle extending from pole to pole, all points of which have the same longitude. [from 14th c.]

meridional /mɪˈɹɪdɪənəl/ adj
południkowy
(astronomy, geography, meteorology) along a north-south direction, or relative to a meridian; or relating to meridians or a meridian [from 15th c.]

meridionally adv
południkowo
With regard to, or in the direction of a meridian

meringue /məˈɹæŋ/ meringues n
beza
A mixture consisting of beaten egg whites and sugar which is added to the tops of pies then browned.
A shell made of this mixture which serves as the receptacle for fruit, ice cream or sherbet.

meristem meristems n
merystem tkanka twórcza
(botany) The plant tissue composed of totipotent cells that allows plant growth.

merit /ˈmɛɹət/ /ˈmɛɹɪt/ merits n
zaleta
(countable) A claim to commendation or a reward.
zasługa
(countable, uncountable) Something deserving or worthy of positive recognition or reward.

meritocracy /mɛɹəˈtɑkɹəsi/ /mɛɹɪˈtɒkɹəsi/ meritocracies n
merytokracja
Rule by merit and talent.

merle /mɜːl/ /mɝl/ merles n
kos kos zwyczajny
The Eurasian blackbird, Turdus merula.

merlin /ˈmɝlɪn/ merlins n
drzemlik
A small falcon, Falco columbarius, that breeds in northern North America, Europe, and Asia.

merlon /ˈmɜːlən/ /ˈmɝl(ə)n/ merlons n
blanka blank ząb
(architectural element, military, historical) Any of the upright projections between the embrasures of a battlement, originally for archers to shield behind while shooting arrows over the embrasures, or through loopholes in the merlons.

mermaid /ˈmɜːˌmeɪd/ /ˈmɝ.meɪd/ mermaids n
syrena rusałka boginka panna wodna
A mythological creature with a woman's head and upper body, and a tail of a fish.

merman mermen n
tryton
A legendary creature, human male from the waist up, fishlike from the waist down.

meromorphic adj
meromorficzny

meromorphically more meromorphically most meromorphically adv
w meromorficzny sposób

meronym /ˈmɛɹənɪm/ meronyms n
meronim
(semantics) A term used to denote a thing that is a part of something else.

meronymous adj
meronimiczny
(rare) Relating to a meronym or meronyms.

meronymy meronymies n
meronimia
(semantics) The relationship of being a constituent part or member of something; a system of meronyms.

meroplankton meroplankton meroplanktons n
meroplankton
(biology) Any organism that spends part of its life-cycle (especially the larval stage) as plankton

meroplanktonic adj
meroplanktoniczny
Of or pertaining to meroplankton

merperson merpeople merpersons n
syrena
A mythological creature with a human upper half (head, arms, and torso) and a piscine lower half.

merrily /ˈmɛɹɪli/ more merrily most merrily adv
wesoło
In a cheerful or merry way.

merry /ˈmeɪɹi/ /ˈmeɹi/ /ˈmɛɹi/ merrier merriest adj
wesoły
Jolly and full of high spirits; happy.

merry Christmas phraseologicalUnit
Wesołych Świąt Wesołych Świąt Bożego Narodzenia
(Australia, Canada, US) Used to express good wishes on or before Christmas Day.

merry-go-round /ˈmɛ.ɹi.ɡoʊ.ɹaʊnd/ /ˈmɛ.ɹi.ɡə.ɹaʊnd/ merry-go-rounds n
karuzela
A carousel; a pleasure ride, typically found at fairs and amusement parks, consisting of a slowly revolving circular platform on which various seats are fixed, frequently shaped like horses or other animals.

mesentery /ˈmɛs.ən.təɹ.i/ /ˈmɛs.ən.tɹi/ /ˈmɛs.ənˌtɛɹ.i/ /ˈmɛz.ənˌtɛɹ.i/ mesenteries n
krezka
(anatomy) The membrane that attaches the intestines to the wall of the abdomen, maintaining their position in the abdominal cavity, and supplying them with blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics.

mesh /mɛʃ/ meshes n
siatka sieć
A structure made of connected strands of metal, fiber, or other flexible/ductile material, with evenly spaced openings between them.

mesmerizing more mesmerizing most mesmerizing adj
zachwycający

mesocarp mesocarps n
mezokarp

meson /ˈ-sɒn/ /ˈmiːzɒn/ /ˈmɛ-/ mesons n
mezon
(now specifically, particle) An elementary particle that is composed of a quark and an antiquark, such as a kaon or pion. (Mesons composed of rarer quarks are much heavier.)

mesophanerophyte mesophanerophytes n
mezofanerofit
(biology) Any phanerophyte between 8 and 30 metres in height

mesosphere mesospheres n
mezosfera
(meteorology) The layer of the Earth's atmosphere that is directly above the stratosphere and directly below the thermosphere.

mesothorax mesothoraces mesothoraxes n
śródtułowie śródtułów
(entomology) The middle of the three segments of the thorax of an insect, carrying the second pair of legs, and the forewings when present.

mess /mɛs/ messes n
bałagan nieporządek nieład burdel bardach bardak
A disagreeable mixture or confusion of things; hence, a situation resulting from blundering or from misunderstanding.

mess around v
bałaganić
(informal) To fiddle idly.

mess kit mess kits n
niezbędnik
A compact set of eating utensils (including plate, cup, utensils) and sometimes cooking pots etc, used in the field by soldiers and by campers.

message /ˈmɛsɪd͡ʒ/ messages n
wiadomość komunikat posłanie
A communication, or what is communicated; any concept or information conveyed.
przekaz wydźwięk
An underlying theme or conclusion to be drawn from something.

message board message boards n
tablica informacyjna tablica ogłoszeń
A board on which messages may be posted, especially one in a public space.
forum dyskusyjne
(computing, Internet) A system by which users may send, read and reply to public messages; an electronic bulletin board or forum.

messenger /ˈmɛs.n̩.d͡ʒə/ /ˈmɛs.n̩.d͡ʒɚ/ messengers n
kurier posłaniec goniec poseł posłannik wysłaniec
One who brings messages.

messiah /məˈsaɪ.ə/ messiahs n
mesjasz
(Abrahamic tradition) The one who is ordained by God to lead the people of Israel, believed by Christians and Muslims to be Jesus Christ.
(figuratively) An extremely powerful or revered figure.

messianic /ˌmɛsaɪˈænɪk/ adj
mesjański mesjaniczny mesjanistyczny
Of, relating to, or resembling a messiah or the Messiah.

messianism messianisms n
mesjanizm
The belief in a messiah.

messily more messily most messily adv
bałaganiarsko

messy /ˈmɛsi/ messier messiest adj
niechlujny bałaganiarski zasyfiony
(of a place, situation, person, etc) In a disorderly state; chaotic; disorderly.

meta- /məˈtæ/ /mɪˈta/ /mɪˈtæ/ prefix
meta-
Transcending, encompassing.
Pertaining to a level above or beyond; reflexive or recursive; about itself or about other things of the same type. For example, metadata is data that describes data, metalanguage is language that describes language, etc. [From 17th century]
Having analogies with metaphysics.

meta-analysis meta-analyses n
metaanaliza
(statistics) Any systematic procedure for statistically combining the results of many different studies.

metabolic /mɛtəˈbɒlɪk/ adj
metaboliczny
Of or pertaining to metamorphosis; pertaining to, or involving, change.

metabolism /məˈtæb.əˌlɪz.əm/ /mɪˈtab.ə.lɪz.əm/ /mɪˈtæb.ə.lɪz.əm/ [məˈtæb.əˌlɪz.m̩] [mɪˈtab.ə.lɪz.m̩] [mɪˈtæb.ə.lɪz.m̩] metabolisms n
metabolizm przemiana materii
(physiology) The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.

metabolite /mɪˈtæbəlaɪt/ metabolites n
metabolit
Any substance produced by, or taking part in, a metabolic reaction.

metacarpus metacarpi n
śródręcze
(anatomy) The five bones that form the intermediate part of the hand between the fingers and the wrist.

metaclass metaclasses n
metaklasa
(object-oriented programming) A class that serves as a template for other classes rather than objects.

metacognition metacognitions n
metakognicja
(philosophy) the act of thinking about thinking; sentience

metadata /ˈmet.əˌdæɪ.tə/ /ˈmɛt.əˌdeɪ.tə/ [ˈmet.əˌdæɪ.ɾə] [ˈmɛɾ.əˌdeɪ.ɾə] n
metadane
Data that describes other data, serving as an informative label.

metaepistemology n
metaepistemologia

metafiction metafictions n
metafikcja
A form of self-referential literature concerned with the art and devices of fiction itself.

metal /ˈmɛtəl/ metals n
metal
Any of a number of chemical elements in the periodic table that form a metallic bond with other metal atoms; generally shiny, somewhat malleable and hard, often a conductor of heat and electricity.
(music) A category of rock music encompassing a number of genres (including thrash metal, death metal, heavy metal, etc.) characterized by strong drum-beats and distorted guitars.

metal detector metal detectors n
wykrywacz metali
A hand-held device that uses electromagnetic induction to detect buried metal.
bramka wykrywacz metali
A structure, similar to a doorway, through which people pass; an alarm is sounded if the person is carrying a metal object, as this may indicate a weapon.

metalanguage metalanguages n
metajęzyk
(linguistics, translation studies, critical theory) Any language or vocabulary of specialized terms used to describe or analyze a language or linguistic process
(computing) Any similar language used to define a programming language

metalepsis metalepses n
metalepsja
(rhetoric) A rhetorical device whereby one word is metonymically substituted for another word which is itself a metonym; more broadly, a metaphor consisting of a series of embedded metonyms or rhetorical substitutions.

metalhead metalheads n
metalowiec
(informal) Someone who listens to (is a fan of) heavy metal music.

metalinguistic adj
metajęzykowy
(linguistics) Treating words as words, rather than interacting with their meaning.
Pertaining to metalinguistics.

metallic /məˈtæl.ɪk/ /mɪˈtæl.ɪk/ more metallic most metallic adj
metalowy
Of, relating to, or characteristic of metal.
(of a color) Having the appearance of being of polished metal.

metalliferous more metalliferous most metalliferous adj
kruszcodajny kruszconośny
(metallurgy) Containing a metallic element. Often used to describe ores that are mined commercially.

metallize v
metalizować
To coat, treat or impregnate a non-metallic object with metal.

metalloid /ˈmɛtəlɔɪd/ metalloids n
metaloid półmetal
(chemistry) An element, such as silicon or germanium, intermediate in properties between that of a metal and a nonmetal; especially an elemental semiconductor.

metallurgical /ˌmɛtəˈlɜː(ɹ)dʒɪkəl/ more metallurgical most metallurgical adj
metalurgiczny
(metallurgy) Of or relating to metallurgy, the study of metals and their properties.

metallurgist metallurgists n
metalurg hutnik
A person skilled in metallurgy.

metallurgy /məˈtæl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /məˈtælədʒi/ /ˈmɛt.əˌlɚ.d͡ʒi/ /ˈmɛtəˌlɝdʒi/ metallurgies n
metalurgia
The science of metals; their extraction from ores, purification and alloying, heat treatment, and working.

metamorph metamorphs n
metabolit

metamorphic /ˌmɛt.əˈmɔɹ.fɪk/ adj
metamorficzny
Characterised by or exhibiting a change in form or character. [from 19th c.]
(geology) Pertaining to metamorphism; having been structurally altered as a result of, or resulting from, exposure to intense heat and/or pressure (at the contact zone between colliding plates, for example). [from 19th c.]

metamorphic rock metamorphic rocks n
skały metamorficzne
(geology) one of the major groups of rock that makes up the crust of the Earth; consists of pre-existing rock mass in which new minerals or textures are formed at higher temperatures and greater pressures than those present on the Earth's surface

metamorphosis /ˌmɛtəmɔːˈfəʊsɪs/ /ˌmɛtəˈmɔːfəsɪs/ /ˌmɛɾəˈmɔɹfəsɪs/ metamorphoses n
metamorfoza przemiana
A transformation, such as one performed by magic.

metaphase metaphases n
metafaza

metaphor /ˈmɛ.tə.fə/ /ˈmɛ.tə.fɚ/ /ˈmɛt.ə.fɔɹ/ /ˈmɛt.ə.fɔː/ metaphors n
metafora przenośnia
(uncountable, figure of speech) The use of a word or phrase to refer to something other than its literal meaning, invoking an implicit similarity between the thing described and what is denoted by the word or phrase.
(countable, figure of speech) A word or phrase used in such implied comparison.

metaphorical /ˌmɛtəˈfɒɹɪkəl/ /ˌmɛtəˈfɔːɹɪkəl/ more metaphorical most metaphorical adj
metaforyczny
Pertaining to or characterized by a metaphor; figurative; symbolic.

metaphorically more metaphorically most metaphorically adv
metaforycznie w przenośni
(manner) In a metaphoric manner; not literally; by means of metaphor.

metaphysical /ˌmɛtəˈfɪzɪkəl/ adj
metafizyczny
Of or pertaining to metaphysics.

metaphysical naturalism n
naturalizm metafizyczny
(philosophy, metaphysics) Philosophical worldview which holds that there is nothing but natural elements, principles, and relations of the kind studied by the natural sciences.

metaphysically more metaphysically most metaphysically adv
metafizycznie
In a metaphysical manner.

metaphysician metaphysicians n
metafizyk
(philosophy) A philosopher who specializes in the scholarly study of metaphysics.

metaphysics /mɛtəˈfɪzɪks/ n
metafizyka
branch of philosophy that studies first principles

metapoem metapoems n
metawiersz

metapoetic more metapoetic most metapoetic adj
metapoetycki

metapoetically more metapoetically most metapoetically adv
metapoetycko

metapoetry metapoetries n
metapoezja

metastable adj
metastabilny
(physics, chemistry) Of or pertaining to a physical or chemical state that is relatively long-lived, but may decay to a lower energy state when slightly perturbed or through a quantum transition.

metastasis /mɪˈtæstəsɪs/ metastases n
metastaza przerzut
(medicine) The transference of a bodily function or disease to another part of the body, specifically the development of a secondary area of disease remote from the original site, as with some cancers.

metatarsus /ˌmɛtəˈtɑː(ɹ)səs/ metatarsi n
śródstopie
The part of the foot between the toes and the ankle, especially its five bones.

metathesis /mə.ˈtæ.θə.sɪs/ /mɛ.ˈtæ.θə.sɪs/ [mə.ˈtʰæ.θə.səs] [mɛ.ˈtʰæ.θə.sɪs] metatheses n
przestawka metateza
(phonetics, prosody) The transposition of letters, syllables or sounds within a word, such as in ask as /æks/.
metateza
(organic chemistry) The breaking and reforming of double bonds in olefins in which substituent groups are swapped.

mete /miːt/ v
mierzyć pomierzyć wymierzać wymierzyć zmierzyć
(transitive, usually with “out”) To dispense, measure in order to dispense, allot (especially punishment, reward etc.).

mete out v
rozdzielać
To distribute something in portions; to apportion or dole out.

metempsychosis /mɛtəmsʌɪˈkəʊsɪs/ metempsychoses n
metempsychoza
Transmigration of the soul, especially its reincarnation after death. [from 16th c.]

meteor /ˈmiːtiɔɹ/ /ˈmiːtiɚ/ /ˈmiːtɪ.ə/ /ˈmiːtɪɔː/ [ˈmiːɾiɚ] meteors n
meteor spadająca gwiazda
A fast-moving streak of light in the night sky caused by the entry of extraterrestrial matter into the earth's atmosphere; a shooting star or falling star. [from 16th c.]

meteor shower meteor showers n
rój meteorów
(astronomy) A phenomenon occurring when many meteors are seen on Earth during a short period of time.

meteorite /-ɾi-/ /ˈmi.ti.əˌɹaɪt/ /ˈmiː.tɪ.ə.ɹaɪt/ meteorites n
meteoryt
A metallic or stony object or body that is the remains of a meteoroid.

meteoritics /miːtɪəˈɹɪtɪks/ n
meteorytyka
(astronomy, mineralogy, geochemistry, cosmochemistry) The science that deals with meteors, meteorites, and meteoroids.

meteoroid meteoroids n
meteoroid
(astronomy) A relatively small (sand- to boulder-sized) fragment of debris in a star system that produces a meteor when it hits the atmosphere

meteorological /ˌmitiəɹəˈlɑd͡ʒɪkl̩/ /ˌmiːtɪəɹəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkl̩/ adj
meteorologiczny
Of or pertaining to meteorology.

meteorologist meteorologists n
meteorolog
a person who studies meteorology
a weather forecaster

meteorology /ˌmiːti.əˈɹɑləd͡ʒi/ /ˌmiːtɪəˈɹɒləd͡ʒi/ meteorologies n
meteorologia
The science that deals with the study of the atmosphere and its phenomena, especially with weather and weather forecasting.

meteotsunami meteotsunamis n
meteotsunami

meter /ˈmitəɹ/ /ˈmiːtə/ [ˈmiɾɚ] meters n
miernik
A device that measures things.
metr metrum miara
(obsolete) A poem.

metformin /mɛtˈfɔɹ.mɪn/ /mɛtˈfɔː.mɪn/ metformins n
metformina

methadone /ˈmɛθ.əd.əʊn/ /ˈmɛθ.əˌdoʊn/ methadones n
metadon
(pharmaceutical drug) A powerful synthetic analgesic drug which is similar to morphine in its effects but less sedative and is used as a substitute drug in the treatment of morphine and heroin addiction.

methamidophos n
metamidofos
A specific organophosphate insecticide, having the chemical formula C2H8NO2PS

methamphetamine /ˌmɛθæmˈfɛtəˌmiːn/ /ˌmɛθæmˈfɛtəˌmɪn/ methamphetamines n
metamfetamina
A highly addictive phenethylamine stimulant drug, similar to cocaine. Its systematic (IUPAC) name is (S)-N-methyl-1-phenylpropan-2-amine.

methane /ˈmiːθeɪn/ /ˈmɛθeɪn/ methanes n
metan
(organic compound, uncountable) The simplest aliphatic hydrocarbon, CH₄, being a constituent of natural gas, and one of the most abundant greenhouse gases.

methanol methanols n
alkohol metylowy metanol
(organic compound) The simplest aliphatic alcohol, CH3OH; a colourless, toxic, inflammable liquid, used as a solvent, antifreeze, in the chemical industry, and in the preparation of methylated spirit.

methionine /-ˌnaɪn/ /mɛˈθaɪəˌniːn/ /mɪˈθʌɪəniːn/ /mɪˈθʌɪənɪn/ methionines n
metionina
(amino acid, organic compound) A lipotropic, sulphur-containing essential amino acid, C5H11NO2S, found in most protein.

method /ˈmɛθəd/ methods n
metoda sposób
A process by which a task is completed; a way of doing something (followed by the adposition of, to or for before the purpose of the process).
metoda
(object-oriented) A subroutine or function belonging to a class or object.

methodical more methodical most methodical adj
metodyczny
In an organized manner; proceeding with regard to method; systematic.

methodological /ˌmeθ.ə.dəˈlɔd͡ʒ.ɪ.kəl/ /ˌmɛθ.ə.dəˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/ /ˌmɛθ.ə.dəˈlɒd͡ʒ.ɪ.kəl/ more methodological most methodological adj
metodologiczny
Of, pertaining to, or using methodology or a methodology.

methodology /ˌmɛθ.əˈdɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌmɛθ.əˈdɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌmɛθ.ɪˈdɑ.lɪ.d͡ʒi/ methodologies n
metodologia
(originally, sciences) The study of methods used in a field.
metodyka metodologia
(loosely) A collection of methods, practices, procedures and rules used by those who work in some field.

methyl /ˈmiːθaɪl/ /ˈmiːθɪl/ /ˈmɛθaɪl/ /ˈmɛθəl/ /ˈmɛθɪl/ methyls n
metyl
(organic compound) The univalent hydrocarbon radical, CH3-, formally derived from methane by the loss of a hydrogen atom; a compound or part of a compound formed by the attachment of such a radical.

methyl alcohol n
alkohol metylowy

methylated spirit methylated spirits n
denaturat
(Commonwealth) Ethyl alcohol used as a fuel and a solvent, and usually free of taxes on alcohol; denatured alcohol;

methylation /ˌmɛθɪˈleɪʃən/ methylations n
metylacja
(genetics) The addition of a methyl group to cytosine and adenine residues in DNA that leads to the epigenetic modification of DNA and the reduction of gene expression and protein production.

methylic adj
metylowy

methylmercury methylmercuries n
metylortęć
(chemical compound) The organometallic cation CH3Hg+; it is a toxicant that accumulates in the environment in the form of various compounds

metic /ˈmɛtək/ /ˈmɛtɪk/ [ˈmɛɾək] metics n
metojk
(historical) In Ancient Greek city-states, a resident alien who did not have the rights of a citizen and who paid a tax for the right to live there.

meticulous /mɪˈtɪkjuləs/ /mɪˈtɪkjɪlɪs/ more meticulous most meticulous adj
drobiazgowy skrupulatny
Characterized by very precise, conscientious attention to details.

meticulously more meticulously most meticulously adv
drobiazgowo skrupulatnie
In a meticulous manner.

metonymy /mɪˈtɑnəmi/ /mɪˈtɒnəmi/ metonymies n
metonimia
(rhetoric) The use of a single characteristic or part of an object, concept or phenomenon to identify the entire object, concept, phenomenon or a related object.

metre /ˈmiːtə/ /ˈmiːtəɹ/ [ˈmiːɾɚ] metres n
metr
The basic unit of length in the International System of Units (SI: Système International d'Unités), equal to the distance travelled by light in a vacuum in 1/299 792 458 seconds. The metre is equal to 39+47⁄127 (approximately 39.37) imperial inches.
metrum
(UK, Canada) The rhythm or measure in verse and musical composition.

metric /ˈmɛt.ɹɪk/ adj
metryczny
Of or relating to the metric system of measurement.

metric /ˈmɛt.ɹɪk/ metrics n
metryka
(mathematics) A function for the measurement of the "distance" between two points in some metric space: it is a real-valued function d(x,y) between points x and y satisfying the following properties: (1) "non-negativity": d(x,y) \ge 0 , (2) "identity of indiscernibles": d(x,y) = 0 \mbox{ iff } x=y , (3) "symmetry": d(x,y) = d(y,x) , and (4) "triangle inequality": d(x,y) \le d(x,z) + d(z,y) .

metric space metric spaces n
przestrzeń metryczna
(mathematics, analysis, topology) Any set on which a metric is defined, giving a distance between any two elements.

metric ton metric tons n
tona
(chiefly, _, US) A unit of mass equal to 1000 kilograms, about 2204.6 pounds avoirdupois.

metrical /ˈmɛtɹɪkl̩/ more metrical most metrical adj
metryczny
relating to poetic meter

metrical foot metrical feet n
stopa
(prosody) The basic unit of the underlying rhythm of verse.

metro station metro stations n
stacja metra
A railway station for a rapid transit system.

metrologist metrologists n
metrolog
One who studies or practices metrology.

metrology /mɛtˈɹɒl.ə.d͡ʒɪ/ /mɛˈtɹɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ metrologies n
metrologia
(uncountable) The science of weights and measures or of measurement.

metronome /ˈmɛtɹəˌnoʊm/ /ˈmɛtɹəˌnəʊm/ metronomes n
metronom
(music) A device, containing an inverted pendulum, used to mark time by means of regular ticks at adjustable intervals; an electronic equivalent that emits flashes.

metrophobia n
fobia miast

metropolis /məˈtɹɑ.pə.ləs/ /məˈtɹɑ.pə.lɪs/ /mɪˈtɹɒ.pə.lɪs/ metropoleis metropoles metropoli metropolis's metropolises metropolisses metropolizes n
metropolia
(history, especially, Ancient Greece) The mother (founding) polis (city state) of a colony.
A large, busy city, especially as the main city in an area or country or as distinguished from surrounding rural areas.

metropolitan /mɛ.tɹəˈpɑ.lɪ.tən/ /mɛ.tɹəˈpɒ.lɪ.tən/ more metropolitan most metropolitan adj
metropolitalny stołeczny
(Orthodox Christianity) Pertaining to the see or province of a metropolitan. [from 15th c.]
Of, or pertaining to, a metropolis or other large urban settlement. [from 16th c.]

metropolitan /mɛ.tɹəˈpɑ.lɪ.tən/ /mɛ.tɹəˈpɒ.lɪ.tən/ metropolitans n
metropolita
(Orthodox Christianity) A bishop empowered to oversee other bishops; an archbishop. [from 15th c.]

metrosexual metrosexuals n
metroseksualny
A man — typically urban, heterosexual, and affluent — who is concerned with personal appearance, such as personal grooming, fashion, and aesthetics in general.

mew /mju/ /mjuː/ mews n
mewa
(archaic, poetic, dialectal) A gull, seagull.

mezereon /məˈzɪəriən/ mezereons n
wawrzynek wilczełyko
An ornamental shrub, Daphne mezereum, having purple flowers and bright red fruit.

mezuzah /məˈzuːzɔː/ mezuzahs mezuzot mezuzoth n
mezuza
(Judaism, and, _, occasionally, _, Christianity) A piece of parchment inscribed with specific Hebrew verses from the Torah (Deuteronomy 6:4–9 and 11:13–21) and attached in a case to the doorpost of a house.

mezzanine /ˈmɛtsə-/ /ˈmɛzəniːn/ /ˈmɛzəˌnin/ /ˈmɛzˌnin/ /ˌmɛzəˈnin/ /ˌmɛzəˈniːn/ /ˌmɛzˈnin/ mezzanines n
antresola półpiętro
An intermediate floor or storey in between the main floors of a building; specifically, one that is directly above the ground floor which does not extend over the whole floorspace of the building, and so resembles a large balcony overlooking the ground floor; an entresol.

miasma /maɪˈæzmə/ /miˈæzmə/ miasmas miasmata n
wyziew
A noxious atmosphere or emanation once thought to originate from swamps and waste, and to cause disease.
miazmat
(figurative) A noxious atmosphere or influence, an ominous environment.

miasmatic /ˌmaɪəzˈmætɪk/ more miasmatic most miasmatic adj
miazmatyczny
Reeking, oppressing, having the nature of miasma.

mica /ˈmaɪ.kə/ micas n
mika łyszczyk
(mineral) Any of a group of hydrous aluminosilicate minerals characterized by highly perfect cleavage, so that they readily separate into very thin leaves, more or less elastic.

micellar adj
micelarny

micelle /maɪˈsɛl/ /məˈsɛl/ micelles n
micela
(chemistry) a colloidal aggregate, in a simple geometric form, of a specific number of amphipathic molecules which forms at a well-defined concentration, called the critical micelle concentration

micro- /maɪˈkɹɒ-/ /ˈmaɪkɹoʊ-/ /ˈmaɪkɹə-/ prefix
mikro-
(diminutive) Very small.
(metric units) One millionth.

micro-region micro-regions n
mikroregion
An administrative system that is equivalent to a county or a prefecture and a department. It is used in Brazil as a third-level administration between state and micro-region.

microbe /ˈmaɪkɹoʊb/ microbes n
mikroorganizm mikrob drobnoustrój zarazek
(microbiology) Any microorganism, but especially a harmful bacterium.

microbiology n
mikrobiologia
(biology) The branch of biology that deals with microorganisms, especially their effects on man and other living organisms.

microcephaly microcephalies n
małogłowie mikrocefalia
A neurological disorder in which the person affected has an abnormally small head due to a failure of brain growth.

microcomputer microcomputers n
mikrokomputer
(computer hardware) A computer designed around a microprocessor, smaller than a minicomputer or a mainframe.

microdot microdots n
mikrokropka
A text or photographic image that has been reduced in size to that of a typographical dot in order to escape detection by unintended recipients.

microeconomics /ˌmaɪkɹəʊˌiːkəˈnɒnɪks/ /ˌmaɪkɹəʊˌɛkəˈnɒnɪks/ n
mikroekonomia
The field of economics that deals with small-scale economic activities such as those of an individual or company.

microflora microflorae n
mikroflora
Microscopic plant life, especially the bacterial colonies found in the gut of normal, healthy animals and humans.

microgram micrograms n
mikrogram
(metrology) An SI unit of mass equal to 10−6 grams. Symbol: μg A unit of mass equal to one millionth of a gram, or 0.000 001 grams.

microgravity microgravities n
mikrograwitacja
(physics) A state of very low acceleration between two free floating objects, as found in sustained freefall, in orbit, or in interstellar space.

micrometer /maɪˈkɹɑmɪtəɹ/ /maɪˈkɹɒmɪtə/ [maɪˈkɹɑmɪɾɚ] micrometers n
mikrometr
A device used to measure distance very precisely but within a limited range, especially depth, thickness, and diameter.

micrometer /ˈmaɪkɹoʊˌmiːtəɹ/ /ˈmaɪkɹəˌmiːtə/ [ˈmaɪkɹoʊˌmiːɾɚ] micrometers n
mikrometr
one millionth of a meter

micromobility n
mikromobilność
Transportation over short distances, provided by lightweight (usually single-person) vehicles.

micronova /ˈmaɪ.kɹo.noʊ.və/ /ˈmaɪ.kɹo.nəʊ.və/ micronovae micronovas n
mikronowa
(astronomy) A stellar outburst about one millionth the strength of a classical nova.

microorganism /ˌmaɪ.kɹoʊˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.m̩/ /ˌmaɪ.kɹəʊˈɔː.ɡəˌnɪz.m̩/ microorganisms n
mikroorganizm
(microbiology) An organism that is too small to be seen by the unaided eye, especially a single-celled organism, such as a bacterium.

micropaleontology n
mikropaleontologia
The branch of paleontology dealing with the fossilized microscopic organic remains (microfossils) of the geologic past; including their structure, biology, relationships and distribution.

microparticle microparticles n
mikrocząstka
An extremely small particle.

microphanerophyte microphanerophytes n
mikrofanerofit
(biology) Any phanerophyte between 2 and 8 metres in height

microphone /ˈmaɪ.kɹəˌfoʊn/ /ˈmaɪ.kɹəˌfəʊn/ microphones n
mikrofon
A device (transducer) used to convert sound waves into a varying electric current; normally fed into an amplifier and either recorded or transmitted over radio.

microprocessor microprocessors n
mikroprocesor
(computer hardware) The entire CPU of a computer on a single integrated circuit (chip).

microscope /ˈmaɪ.kɹəˌskoʊp/ /ˈmaɪ.kɹəˌskəʊp/ microscopes n
mikroskop
An optical instrument used for observing small objects.

microscopic /ˌmaɪ.kɹə.ˈskɑpɪk/ more microscopic most microscopic adj
mikroskopijny
So small that it can only be seen using a microscope.

microscopy /maɪˈkɹɑs.kə.pi/ /maɪˈkɹɒs.kə.pi/ microscopies n
mikroskopia
The study of microscopes, their design and manufacture.

microtubule microtubules n
mikrotubula
A small tube made of protein and found in cells; part of the cytoskeleton.

microwave /ˈmaɪkɹəʊˌweɪv/ /ˈmaɪkɹəˌweɪv/ microwaves n
mikrofala
An electromagnetic wave with wavelength between that of infrared light and radio waves.

microwave oven /ˈmaɪkɹə(ʊ)ˌweɪv ˈʌv(ə)n/ microwave ovens n
kuchenka mikrofalowa mikrofalówka
An oven that uses microwave energy to heat food or other items placed within it.

microzyma /ˈmaɪkɹəʊˌzaɪmə/ microzymas microzymata n
mikrozyma
(obsolete) Any pleomorphic organism inside any given body.

micrurgy n
manipulacja komórkami instrumentem

mid-life crisis mid-life crises n
kryzys wieku średniego
(psychology) An emotional period of doubt and anxiety sometimes experienced by people who realize that their life is already half over.

midbrain midbrains n
śródmózgowie
(neuroanatomy) A part of the brain located rostral to the pons and caudal to the thalamus and the basal ganglia, composed of the tectum (dorsal portion) and the tegmentum (ventral portion).

middle /ˈmɘdɘl/ /ˈmɪdəl/ [ˈmə.dɯ(ɫ)] [ˈmə.ɾ-] [ˈmɪ.dəɫ] [ˈmɪ.dʊ] [ˈmɪ.ɾɫ̩] [ˈmɪ̝.dəɫ] [ˈmɪ̝.dʊ] [ˈmɪ̝.ɾ-] adj
środkowy
Located in the middle; in between.

middle /ˈmɘdɘl/ /ˈmɪdəl/ [ˈmə.dɯ(ɫ)] [ˈmə.ɾ-] [ˈmɪ.dəɫ] [ˈmɪ.dʊ] [ˈmɪ.ɾɫ̩] [ˈmɪ̝.dəɫ] [ˈmɪ̝.dʊ] [ˈmɪ̝.ɾ-] middles n
środek serce
A centre, midpoint.
środek
The part between the beginning and the end.

middle C middle C's middle Cs n
środkowe C
(music) A specific musical note, particularly the note C4, at approximately 261.6 hertz, appearing at the middle of the alto staff and directly between the treble and bass staves.

middle class middle classes n
klasa średnia
A social and economic class lying above the working class and below the upper class.

middle ear middle ears n
ucho środkowe
(anatomy) The cavity in the temporal bone between the eardrum and the inner ear that contains the ossicles, and which conveys sound to the cochlea.

middle finger middle fingers n
palec środkowy środkowy palec
The finger between the forefinger and the ring finger

middle ground middle grounds n
kompromis płaszczyzna porozumienia rozwiązanie kompromisowe
(idiomatic) A compromise position between extremes.

middle management n
menadżerowie średniego szczebla

middle manager middle managers n
kierownik średniego szczebla
(business) In a large organization, a manager or administrator who occupies a position in the organizational hierarchy which is above the level of a front-line supervisor but below the level of a vice-president or similar senior manager.

middle note middle notes n
nuta serca
The characteristic parts of a perfume that emerge only after a waiting-period

middle of nowhere n
dziura tam, gdzie diabeł mówi dobranoc wygwizdów zadupie
(idiomatic) A very remote or secluded area; a nondescript place lacking population, interesting things, or defining characteristics.

middle spotted woodpecker middle spotted woodpeckers n
dzięcioł średni
Any of species Dendrocoptes medius of a medium-sized woodpecker.

middle voice n
medium strona zwrotna
A voice that is neither active nor passive, because the subject of the verb cannot be unambiguously categorized as either agent or patient, for having elements of both.

middle-aged /ˌmɪdl̩ˈeɪd͡ʒd/ more middle-aged most middle-aged adj
w średnim wieku
of, or relating to middle age; neither old nor young

middleman [ˈmɪdɫ̩ˌmæn] middlemen n
pośrednik
An intermediate dealer between the manufacturer and the retailer or customer.

middlewoman middlewomen n
pośredniczka
The female equivalent of a middleman; a female intermediary.

midfielder midfielders n
pomocnik
(sports) A player who operates behind the attackers and in front of the defence.

midget /ˈmɪd͡ʒɪt/ midgets n
karzeł karlica liliput liliputka
(sometimes, offensive) A normally-proportioned person with small stature, usually defined as reaching an adult height less than 4'10". [from later 19th c.]
kurdupel
(sometimes, offensive) Any short person.

midmonth /ˈmɪdmʌnθ/ midmonths n
środek miesiąca

midnight /ˈmɪdnʌɪt/ /ˈmɪdˌnaɪt/ midnights n
północ
The middle of the night: the sixth temporal hour, equidistant between sunset and sunrise.
Twelve o'clock at night exactly.

midnight mass midnight masses n
Pasterka
(in particular) A Roman Catholic religious service that marks the beginning of Christmas Day.

midnight sun /ˈmɪdnʌɪt sʌn/ /ˈmɪdˌnaɪt sʌn/ midnight suns n
dzień polarny
The phenomenon occurring when the Sun does not set but only approaches the horizon at midnight; it occurs near the summer solstice in the polar regions.

midrib midribs n
żyłka
(botany) The strengthened vein down the middle of a flower petal or simple leaf or leaflet.

midriff midriffs n
brzuch
(anatomy) The middle section of the human torso, from below the chest to above the waist; the abdomen and its back part.

midship n
śródokręcie
The middle of a ship or boat.

midsummer midsummers n
śródlecie
The middle of summer.

midwife /ˈmɪd.(w)ɪf/ /ˈmɪd.waɪf/ midwives n
akuszerka położna akuszer
A person, usually a woman, who is trained to assist women in childbirth, but who is not a physician.

midwifery /mɪdˈwɪfəɹi/ /ˈmɪdˌwaɪfəɹi/ midwiferies n
położnictwo akuszeria akuszerstwo
The practice and science of being a midwife.

midwinter /ˌmɪdˈwɪntə(ɹ)/ midwinters n
środek zimy
The middle of winter.
przesilenie zimowe
The winter solstice; about December 21st or 22nd.

mien /miːn/ miens n
mina
(countable, uncountable) Demeanor; facial expression or attitude, especially one which is intended by its bearer.
(countable) A specific facial expression.

miffed /mɪft/ more miffed most miffed adj
poirytowany
(informal) Somewhat indignant, irritated, angry, put out or annoyed.

might /maɪt/ mights n
moc potęga
(countable, uncountable) Power, strength, force or influence held by a person or group.
siła
(uncountable) Physical strength or force.
zdolność
(uncountable) The ability to do something.

might /maɪt/ v
można by
(auxiliary) Used to indicate conditional or possible actions.

might as well /maɪt æzˈwɛl/ /maɪzˈwɛl/ v
równie dobrze móc

might makes right proverb
kto bogatemu zabroni
What is right or wrong is determined by power and strength; power justifies itself.

mighty /ˈmaɪti/ [ˈmʌɪɾi] mightier mightiest adj
mocarny potężny
Very strong; possessing might.

mignonette /ˌmɪnjəˈnɛt/ mignonettes n
rezeda wonna
A greyish-green colour, like that of the flowers of the plant.

migraine /ˈmaɪɡɹeɪn/ /ˈmiːɡɹeɪn/ migraines n
migrena
(pathology) A severe, disabling headache, usually affecting only one side of the head, and often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, photophobia and visual disturbances.

migrant /ˈmaɪɡɹənt/ migrants n
migrant migrantka
Traveller or worker who moves from one region or country to another.

migrant worker migrant workers n
bandos bandoska
A person with temporary permission to work in another country; a guest worker.

migration /maɪˈɡɹeɪʃ(ə)n/ migrations n
migracja
An instance of moving to live in another place for a while.
Seasonal moving of animals, as mammals, birds or fish, especially between breeding and non-breeding areas.

migratory /ˈmaɪ.ɡɹəˌtɔɹ.i/ /ˌmaɪˈɡɹeɪ.tə.ɹi/ adj
przelotny
(of birds, etc) Migrating.

mikado /mɪˈkɑːdəʊ/ mikados n
mikado
(history) A former title of the emperors of Japan during a certain period.

mikveh /ˈmɪkfə/ /ˈmɪkvə/ mikvehs mikveot mikvos mikvot mikvoth n
mykwa
(Judaism) A ritual bath in which various Jewish purifications are performed.

milch /mɪlt͡ʃ/ adj
dojny mleczny
(dated, of a mammal) Currently producing milk for its offspring.

mild /ˈmaɪld/ milder mildest adj
łagodny
Gentle and not easily angered.

mildew /ˈmɪl.d(j)u/ /ˈmɪl.djuː/ n
pleśń
(plant disease) A growth of minute powdery or webby fungi, whitish or of different colors, found on various diseased or decaying substances.

mildew /ˈmɪl.d(j)u/ /ˈmɪl.djuː/ v
pleśnieć spleśnieć
(intransitive) To become tainted with mildew.

mile /maɪ̯l/ [maɪ̯ɫ] mile miles n
mila
Any of several customary units of length derived from the 1593 English statute mile of 8 furlongs, equivalent to 5,280 feet or 1,760 yards of various precise values.
Any of many customary units of length from other measurement systems of roughly similar values, as the Chinese mile or Arabic mile.

mileage /ˈmaɪləd͡ʒ/ /ˈmaɪlɪd͡ʒ/ mileages n
przebieg
The total distance travelled in miles or in air miles.
kilometrówka
An allowance for travel expenses at a specified rate per mile.

milestone /ˈmaɪlstəʊn/ milestones n
kamień milowy
A stone milepost (or by extension in other materials), one of a series of numbered markers placed along a road at regular intervals, typically at the side of the road or in a median.
kamień milowy milowy krok
(idiomatic) An important event in a person's life or career, in the history of a nation, in the life of some project, etc.

milfoil milfoils n
krwawnik
Any of several similar pungent Eurasian herbs, of the genus Achillea

miliaria miliarias n
potówka
A rash caused by blocked, malfunctioning, or underdeveloped sweat glands.

milieu /-ˈju/ /-ˈjə/ /-ˈjʊ/ /mɪlˈju/ /mɪlˈjɜː/ /ˈmiːljɜː/ milieus milieux n
otoczenie środowisko
(specifically) A social environment or setting.

militarism militarisms n
militaryzm
An ideology which claims that the military is the foundation of a society's security, and thereby its most important aspect.

militarist /ˈmɪl.ə.tə.ɹɪst/ /ˈmɪl.ɪ.tə.ɹɪst/ /ˈmɪl.ɪ.tɹɪst/ [ˈmɪl.ə.ɾə.ɹɪst] militarists n
militarysta
One who believes in the use of military force.

militarization militarizations n
militaryzacja
The process whereby some area, procedure, aspect of culture, etc., becomes controlled by the military or administered in a military fashion.

military /ˈmɪl.ɪ.tɹi/ /ˈmɪl.ɪˌtɛɹ.i/ more military most military adj
wojskowy wojenny
Characteristic of members of the armed forces.
wojskowy
(North America) Relating to armed forces such as the army, marines, navy and air force (often as distinguished from civilians or police forces).
Relating to armies or ground forces.
wojenny
Relating to war.

military /ˈmɪl.ɪ.tɹi/ /ˈmɪl.ɪˌtɛɹ.i/ militaries military n
armia wojsko siły zbrojne
Armed forces.

military exercise military exercises n
ćwiczenia wojskowe
A large-scale activity involving military forces from multiple countries or commands, designed to demonstrate the level of alliance between those forces and their ability to coordinate, as a signal to potential military adversaries.

military hospital military hospitals n
szpital wojskowy
a hospital for the care and treatment of sick and wounded military personnel.

military parade military parades n
defilada wojskowa
(military) A show of troops, an assembly of troops as a show of force, to receive orders, or especially for inspection at set times.

military prison military prisons n
więzienie wojskowe
A prison operated by the military.

military rank military ranks n
stopień wojskowy
A grade conferred upon officers in armed forces, police and intelligence agencies, typically denoted by particular insignia affixed to their uniforms.

military service n
służba wojskowa żołnierka
Service in an army or other military organisation, whether as a chosen job (volunteering) or as a result of an involuntary draft (conscription).

military-industrial complex n
kompleks wojskowo-przemysłowy
The armed forces of a nation together with the industries that supply their weapons and materiel.

militia /məˈlɪʃə/ militiae militias n
milicja
An army of trained civilians, which may be an official reserve army, called upon in time of need, the entire able-bodied population of a state which may also be called upon, or a private force not under government control.

militiaman militiamen n
milicjant
A member of a militia.

militiawoman militiawomen n
milicjantka
A female member of a militia.

militsia militsias n
milicja
The police in the Soviet Union and some related or successor states (e.g. modern Belarus).

milium milia n
prosak
(dermatology) A keratin-filled cyst that can appear just under the epidermis or on the roof of the mouth.

milk /mɪlk/ [mɛlk] milks n
mleko
(uncountable, by extension) A white (or whitish) liquid obtained from a vegetable source such as almonds, coconuts, oats, rice, and/or soy beans.
(countable, informal) An individual serving of milk.

milk /mɪlk/ [mɛlk] v
doić
(transitive) To express milk from (a mammal, especially a cow).
(transitive) To express a liquid from a creature.

milk chocolate milk chocolates n
czekolada mleczna
(uncountable) Chocolate that includes milk powder as one of its ingredients.

milk glass milk glasses n
szkło mleczne
(usually, uncountable) Opaque glass, especially the kind having a white shade; first produced in Italy in the 1500s as an imitation of Chinese porcelain.

milk jug milk jugs n
mlecznik
(slang) A woman's breast.

milk tea milk teas n
herbata z mlekiem
A beverage containing a combination of milk and tea.

milk thistle milk thistles n
ostropest ostropest plamisty
Any of the thistles in the genus Silybum, especially Silybum marianum.

milk tooth milk teeth n
ząb mleczny mleczak
Any tooth of the first set of teeth of young people (or animals).

milker milkers n
dojka dójka
An animal, such as a dairy cow, kept for the milk it produces.
dojarka dojarz dojka dójka
A person who milks.

milking milkings n
dój udój
The act by which any animal is milked.

milking machine milking machines n
dojarka
A machine for milking cows.

milkmaid /ˈmɪlkmeɪd/ milkmaids n
dojarka dojka dójka
(historical) A girl or young woman who milks the cows on a farm.

milkman /ˈmɪlkmən/ milkmen n
mleczarz
A man who delivers milk to households and sometimes businesses early in the morning.

milkshake /ˈmɪlk.ʃeɪk/ [ˈmɪɫk.ʃeɪk] milkshakes n
koktajl mleczny shake
A thick beverage consisting of milk and ice cream mixed together, often with fruit, chocolate, or other flavoring.
(New England, Australia, New Zealand) A thin beverage, similar to the above, but with no ice cream or significantly less of it.

milkvetch milkvetches n
traganek
Any member of most species of flowering plants of the genus Astragalus.

milkweed milkweeds n
trojeść
Principally of the genus Asclepias in order Gentianales, family Apocynaceae

milkwoman milkwomen n
mleczarka
A woman who delivers milk to households and sometimes businesses early in the morning.

milkwort milkworts n
krzyżownica
Any of more than 500 species of flowering plants of the genus Polygala that are used as a food source by the larvae of some members of the Lepidoptera order.

milky /ˈmɪlki/ milkier milkiest adj
mleczny
Resembling milk in color, consistency, smell, etc.; consisting of milk.

milky stork milky storks n
dławigad malajski
Mycteria cinerea, a large wading bird in the stork family Ciconiidae.

mill /mɪl/ [mɪɫ] mills n
młyn
The building housing such a grinding apparatus.
fabryka
A manufacturing plant for paper, steel, textiles, etc.
A building housing such a plant.

mill /mɪl/ [mɪɫ] v
mleć
(transitive) To grind or otherwise process in a mill or other machine.

millennial /məˈlɛ.ni.əl/ /mɪˈlɛ.nɪ.əl/ adj
tysiącletni
Thousand-year-old; also (by extension, loosely) thousands of years old.

millennium /mɪˈlɛnɪəm/ millennia millenniums n
tysiąclecie milenium
(with definite article) The year in which one period of one thousand years ends and another begins, especially the year 2000.

miller /ˈmɪlə(ɹ)/ /ˈmɪlɚ/ millers n
młynarz młynarka
A person who owns or operates a mill, especially a flour mill.

millet /ˈmɪlət/ /ˈmɪlɪt/ millets n
proso
Any of a group of various types of grass or its grains used as food, widely cultivated in the developing world.

milli- /ˈmɪlɪ/ prefix
mili-
In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, one-thousandth of the unit to which it is prefixed; that is, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 10-3. Symbol: m.

milligram /ˈmɪlɪɡɹæm/ milligrams n
miligram
(metrology) An SI unit of mass equal to 10−3 grams. Symbol: mg

millilitre millilitres n
mililitr
(British spelling) A unit of measure of capacity, being one thousandth of a litre. Symbol: ml

millimetre millimetres n
milimetr
An SI/MKS unit of measure, the length of 1⁄1000 of a metre. Symbol: mm

millimetric adj
milimetrowy
Having a size of the order of a millimetre.

milling cutter milling cutters n
frez
(mechanical engineering) A rotary cutting tool typically used in milling machines.

milling machine milling machines n
frezarka
(mechanical engineering) A machine tool in which a rotating cutter is moved against the workpiece (or vice versa) in order to cut the latter to a desired shape.

million /ˈmɪljən/ [ˈmɪʎən] millions numeral
milion
(long and short scales) The cardinal number 1,000,000: 106; a thousand thousand.

millionaire /ˈmɪl.jəˌnɛɹ/ /ˌmɪl.i.əˈnɛə(ɹ)/ /ˌmɪl.jəˈnɛɹ/ millionaires n
milioner milionerka
A person whose net worth is at or greater than one million units of the local currency.

millionth /ˈmɪljənθ/ adj
milionowy
The ordinal form of the number one million.

millipede /ˈmɪləpid/ millipedes n
krocionóg stonoga dwuparzec
Any of many elongated arthropods, of the class Diplopoda, with cylindrical bodies that have two pairs of legs for each one of their 20 to 100 or more body segments.[From 1600]

millisecond /ˈmɪlɪˌsɛkənd/ milliseconds n
milisekunda
(metrology) An SI unit of time equal to 10−3 seconds. Symbol: ms; one one-thousandth of a second. Symbol: ms.

millstone /ˈmɪlstəʊn/ /ˈmɪlˌstoʊn/ millstones n
kamień młyński
A large round stone used for grinding grain.

milometer milometers n
drogomierz
An odometer graduated in miles.

milt /mɪlt/ milts n
mlecz
The semen of a male fish.

milter milters n
mleczak
A male fish during breeding season.

mime /maɪm/ mimes n
mim mimik pantomima pantomimista
A pantomime actor.
mim
A classical theatrical entertainment in the form of farce.

mimesis /mɪˈmiːsɪs/ mimeses n
mimesis
The representation of aspects of the real world, especially human actions, in literature and art.

mimic /ˈmɪm.ɪk/ v
przedrzeźniać
To imitate, especially in order to ridicule.
imitować
(biology) To take on the appearance of another, for protection or camouflage.

mimicry /ˈmɪm.ɪk.ɹi/ mimicries n
naśladownictwo
An act or ability to simulate or effect the appearance of someone or something else.

mimosa /mɪˈmoʊ.sə/ /mɪˈməʊ.sə/ /mɪˈməʊ.zə/ mimosae mimosas n
mimoza
(botany) A plant belonging to the genus Mimosa usually found in tropical climates, their leaves are usually prickly and sensitive to touch or light, and have small white or pink flowers.

minarchism /ˈmɪnəˌkɪzəm/ /ˈmɪnɚˌkɪzəm/ minarchisms n
minarchizm
Belief in the desirability and practicality of minimum government.

minaret /mɪnəˈɹɛt/ /ˈmɪnəɹɛt/ minarets n
minaret
The tall slender tower of an Islamic mosque, from which the muezzin recites the adhan (call to prayer).

mince /mɪns/ minces n
mięso mielone
(uncountable) Finely chopped meat; minced meat.

mince /mɪns/ v
mielić
(transitive, cooking) To cut into very small pieces; to chop finely.

mince words v
owijać w bawełnę
(idiomatic, chiefly in the negative) To restrain oneself in a conversation by withholding some comments or using euphemisms.

mind /maɪnd/ minds n
umysł rozum um
The capability for rational thought.

mind /maɪnd/ v
mieć coś przeciwko
(chiefly, in the imperative) To pay attention or heed to so as to obey; hence to obey; to make sure, to take care (that). [from 17th c.]

mind map mind maps n
mapa myśli
A diagram used to represent words, ideas, tasks or other items linked to and arranged radially around a central key word or idea.

mind mapper mind mappers n
komputer robiący mapy myśli osoba robiąca mapy myśli

mind-numbing more mind-numbing most mind-numbing adj
arcynudny
(idiomatic) Excessively boring, tedious, or dull; repetitive; of an activity, etc., lacking any interest or variety that might serve as intellectual stimulation.

mind-numbingly more mind-numbingly most mind-numbingly adv
arcynudno

mindful /ˈmaɪnd.fəl/ /ˈmɑɪnd.fəl/ /ˈmʌɪnd.fəl/ [ˈmaɪnd.fl̩] [ˈmɑɪnd.fl̩] [ˈmʌɪnd.fl̩] more mindful most mindful adj
pomny
Being aware (of something); attentive, heedful. [from 14th c.]

mindfulness mindfulnesses n
uważność
Inclination to be mindful or aware.
(Buddhism, psychology) Paying attention on purpose, in the present moment, and non-judgementally.

mindless more mindless most mindless adj
bezrozumny
Showing a lack of forethought or sense.

mindlessly more mindlessly most mindlessly adv
bezrozumnie
In a mindless manner.

mindlessness mindlessnesses n
bezrozum bezrozumność

mindset mindsets n
sposób myślenia
A way of thinking; an attitude or opinion, especially a habitual one.

mine /maɪ̯n/ mines n
kopalnia mina
An excavation from which ore or solid minerals are taken, especially one consisting of underground tunnels.
kopalnia
(figurative) Any source of wealth or resources.
mina kopalnia
(military) A device intended to explode when stepped upon or touched, or when approached by a ship, vehicle, or person.
koparka
(computing) A machine or network of machines used to extract units of a cryptocurrency.

mine /maɪ̯n/ pronoun
mój
That which belongs to me.

mine /maɪ̯n/ v
wydobywać minować zaminować
To dig away, or otherwise remove, the substratum or foundation of; to lay a mine under; to sap; to undermine.

mine-clearing n
rozminowywanie
The process of removing and neutralizing mines.

minecart minecarts n
wagonetka
A wheeled container that travels on tracks, used for moving mining materials.

minefield minefields n
pole minowe
An area in which land mines or naval mines have been laid.
(by extension) A dangerous situation.

minelayer minelayers n
stawiacz min
A ship capable of laying mines.

miner /ˈmaɪnə(ɹ)/ miners n
górnik
A person who works in a mine.

mineral /ˈmɪn.ə.ɹəl/ /ˈmɪn.ɚ.əl/ /ˈmɪn.ɹəl/ adj
mineralny
of, related to, or containing minerals

mineral /ˈmɪn.ə.ɹəl/ /ˈmɪn.ɚ.əl/ /ˈmɪn.ɹəl/ minerals n
minerał
(geology) Any naturally occurring inorganic material that has a (more or less) definite chemical composition and characteristic physical properties.
Any inorganic material (as distinguished from animal or vegetable).
(nutrition) Any inorganic element that is essential to nutrition; a dietary mineral.

mineral water mineral waters n
woda mineralna
Water from a spring that naturally contains dissolved minerals, often treated in any of several ways (filtering, aerating etc) and bottled; used either therapeutically or out of preference.

mineralogy /ˌmɪnəˈɹɑləd͡ʒi/ /ˌmɪnəˈɹɒləd͡ʒi/ mineralogies n
mineralogia
(petrology) The branch of petrology that studies minerals.

minesweeper minesweepers n
saper
A vehicle, device or person with the purpose of removing explosive mines (landmines or water mines).
(uncountable, computing, video games) A logic-based computer game in which the player has to discover the position of mines in a rectangular grid, based on numerical hints.

mini- /ˈmɪ.ni/ prefix
mini-
(diminutive) Smaller version of an item than usual.

miniature /ˈmɪn(i)ət͡ʃəɹ/ /ˈmɪn(i)ət͡ʃʊəɹ/ /ˈmɪnɪtʃə/ miniatures n
miniatura
A small version of something; a model of reduced scale.
An illustration in an illuminated manuscript.
A musical composition which is short in duration.

miniature golf n
minigolf
(golf) An informal form of golf, played with a putter on a short course featuring novelty obstacles.

miniature sheet miniature sheets n
blok
(philately) A smaller-than-normal sheet or pane of usually identical postage stamps, commonly containing gum and perforations, sometimes bearing a marginal inscription identifying an event being commemorated, printed as a souvenir or for collecting purposes.

minibus minibuses minibusses n
mikrobus
A small bus, especially one used as transport for small groups.

minify v
pomniejszać
To make smaller.

minim /ˈmɪ.nɪm/ minims n
półnuta
(music) A half note, drawn as a semibreve with a stem.

minimal /ˈmɪn.ə.məl/ /ˈmɪn.ɪ.məl/ more minimal most minimal adj
minimalny
The smallest possible amount, quantity, or degree.

minimal pair minimal pairs n
para minimalna
(phonology) A pair of words differing by only one phonetic segment or suprasegment, used to prove the validity of a proposed phoneme, toneme, or chroneme.

minimalism minimalisms n
minimalizm
(arts) A style of art that emphasises extreme simplicity of form.
(music genre) A style of music that emphasises extreme simplicity of rhythms and melodic forms to achieve a trancelike effect.

minimalist more minimalist most minimalist adj
minimalistyczny
Believing in or seeking a minimal state; seeking to minimize or reduce to a minimum.

minimalist minimalists n
minimalista
One who believes in or seeks a minimal state; one who seeks to minimize or reduce to a minimum.

minimap /ˈmɪ.ni.mæp/ minimaps n
minimapa
(video games) A small on-screen map to aid players in orienting themselves within the game.

minimization minimizations n
minimalizacja
The act of lowering something to its smallest value or extent.

minimize /ˈmɪn.ə.maɪz/ /ˈmɪn.əˌmaɪz/ /ˈmɪn.ɪ.maɪz/ v
minimalizować zminimalizować
(transitive) To make (something) smaller or as small as possible; shrink; reduce.

minimum wage minimum wages n
najniższa krajowa płaca minimalna
The lowest rate at which an employer must legally pay an employee; usually expressed as pay per hour.

mining /ˈmaɪnɪŋ/ minings n
górnictwo
The activity of removing solid valuables from the earth.

minion /ˈmɪnjən/ minions n
sługa
A loyal servant of another, usually a more powerful being.
pachołek pomagier sługus
A sycophantic follower.

miniseries miniseries n
miniserial
A radio or television series with a small number of episodes not intended to last a complete season.

miniskirt /ˈmɪnɪskəːt/ miniskirts n
minispódniczka mini miniówka
A short skirt with its hemline well above the knees, generally at mid-thigh level.

minister /ˈmɪn.əˌstɚ/ /ˈmɪn.ɪ-/ /ˈmɪn.ɪs.tə/ ministers n
ksiądz duchowny pastor
(religion) A person who is trained to preach, to perform religious ceremonies, and to afford pastoral care at a Protestant church.
minister
(government) A politician who heads a ministry

minister of justice ministers of justice n
minister sprawiedliwości

minister without portfolio ministers without portfolio ministers without portfolios n
minister bez teki
(government) A member of a government having the rank of cabinet minister, but not assigned to oversee a particular government department or other permanent area of responsibility.

ministerial /-ˈstɪəɹ-/ /ˌmɪnəˈstɪɹi.əl/ more ministerial most ministerial adj
ministerialny
Related to a governmental minister or ministry.

ministry /ˈmɪnɪstɹi/ ministries n
ministerstwo
Government department, at the administrative level normally headed by a minister (or equivalent rank, e.g. secretary of state), who holds it as portfolio, especially in a constitutional monarchy, but also as a polity
The complete body of government ministers (whether or not they are in cabinet) under the leadership of a head of government (such as a prime minister)

minivan minivans n
minivan
A small van.

mink /mɪŋk/ mink minks n
norka
(plural mink or minks) Any of various semi-aquatic, carnivorous mammals in the Mustelinae subfamily, similar to weasels, with dark fur, native to Europe and America, of which two species in different genera are extant: the American mink (Neovison vison) and the European mink (Mustela lutreola).

mink coat mink coats n
futro z norek
A fur coat made from the fur of the mink, symbolic of membership in a social class of wealthy people.

minnow /ˈmɪnoʊ/ /ˈmɪnəʊ/ minnows n
płotka
Chiefly with a qualifying word: any of a number of other (small) fish from the family Cyprinidae; also (chiefly, US) , other small (usually freshwater) fish from other families.
The common minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus), a small freshwater fish of the carp family Cyprinidae which has a green back with black elongated blotches, commonly swimming in large shoals.

minor /ˈmaɪ.nəɹ/ /ˈmaɪnə/ more minor most minor adj
drugorzędny poboczny pomniejszy
Lesser, smaller in importance, size, degree, seriousness, or significance compared to another option, particularly:
molowy
(music) Incorporating a minor third interval above the (in scales) tonic or (in chords) root note, (also, _, figurative) tending to produce a dark, discordant, sad, or pensive effect.

minor /ˈmaɪ.nəɹ/ /ˈmaɪnə/ minors n
nieletni niepełnoletni małoletni małolat małolata małoletnia
(Scots law, obsolete) An adolescent, a person above the legal age of puberty but below the age of majority.

minor key minor keys n
tonacja molowa
(music) A musical key based upon a minor scale.

minor piece minor pieces n
lekka figura
(chess) A bishop or a knight.

minor premise minor premises n
subsumpcja
(logic) The second premise in a categorical syllogism, whose subject is the minor term and whose predicate is the middle term.

minority /maɪˈnɑɹ.ɪ.ti/ /maɪˈnɒɹ.ɪ.ti/ /maɪˈnɔɹ.ə.ti/ /maɪˈnɔɹ.ɪ.ti/ /mɑɪˈnɔɹ.ə.ti/ /mɪˈnɑɹ.ɪ.ti/ /mɪˈnɒɹ.ɪ.ti/ /mɪˈnɔɹ.ɪ.ti/ minorities n
małoletniość
The state of being a minor; youth, the period of a person's life prior to reaching adulthood. [from 15th c.]
mniejszość
Any subgroup that does not form a numerical majority. [from 18th c.]

minotaur /ˈmaɪnəˌtɑɹ/ /ˈmaɪnəˌtɔː(ɹ)/ /ˈmɪnəˌtɑɹ/ /ˈmɪnəˌtɔː(ɹ)/ pn
minotaur
(Greek mythology)

minstrel /ˈmɪnstɹ(ə)l/ minstrels n
minstrel
(historical) Originally, an entertainer employed to juggle, play music, sing, tell stories, etc.; a buffoon, a fool, a jester; later, a medieval (especially travelling) entertainer who would recite and sing poetry, often to their own musical accompaniment.

minstrel show minstrel shows n
minstrel show
(theater) A variety show performed by minstrels, primarily white people in blackface.

mint /mɪnt/ adj
miętowy
Of a green colour, like that of the mint plant.

mint /mɪnt/ mints n
mennica
A building or institution where money (originally, only coins) is produced under government licence.
fortuna
(informal) A vast sum of money; (by extension) a large amount of something.
mięta
The flavouring of the plant, either a sweet, a jelly or sauce.

mint /mɪnt/ v
bić wybić
To invent; to forge; to fabricate; to fashion.

minty /ˈmɪnti/ mintier mintiest adj
miętowy

minuend /ˈmɪnjʊˌɛnd/ minuends n
odjemna
(arithmetic) A number or quantity from which another is to be subtracted.

minuet minuets n
menuet
A slow graceful dance consisting of a coupé, a high step, and a balance.
(music) A complete short musical composition inspired by and conforming to many formal characteristics of the traditional musical accompaniment to the dance of same name.

minuetish more minuetish most minuetish adj
menuetowy

minus /ˈmaɪnəs/ adj
ujemny
Being a negative quantity; pertaining to a deficit or reduction. [from 18th c.]

minus /ˈmaɪnəs/ preposition
minus
(mathematics) Made less or reduced by (followed by an expression of number or quantity). [from 15th c.]

minus sign minus signs n
minus
(arithmetic) The symbol −, used to denote the operation of subtraction or to indicate that a number is negative.

minuscule /mɪˈnʌsˌkjul/ /ˈmɪn.jʊˌskjuːl/ /ˈmɪn.əˌskjul/ /ˈmɪn.ʊˌskjuːl/ minuscules n
mała litera minuskuła
(countable) A lowercase letter.

minute /maɪˈn(j)ut/ /maɪˈn(j)uːt/ /maɪˈnjuːt/ /maɪˈnɪu̯t/ /məˈn(j)ut/ /mʌɪ-/ [məɪ̯-] minuter minutest adj
drobny malutki
Very small.

minute /ˈmɪnɪt/ minutes n
minuta
A unit of time which is one sixtieth of an hour (sixty seconds).
A unit of angle equal to one-sixtieth of a degree.
A unit of purchase on a telephone or other similar network, especially a cell phone network, roughly equivalent in gross form to sixty seconds' use of the network.
minuta chwila moment minutka
(informal) A short but unspecified time period.
notatka protokół
(chiefly in the plural, minutes) A (usually formal) written record of a meeting or a part of a meeting.

minute hand minute hands n
wskazówka minutowa
The hand of a clock or watch face that revolves once each hour and indicates the minutes.

minute of angle minutes of angle n
minuta
An angle, one sixtieth (1/60th) of a degree, used by gunners as a measurement of accuracy. One minute of angle is roughly equal to 1 inch at 100 yards distance.

minutes /ˈmɪnɪts/ n
protokół
The official notes kept during a meeting.

minyan /ˈmɪn.jən/ minyanim minyans n
minjan
The minimum number of ten (male) adult Jews required for a communal religious service.

mirabelle plum mirabelle plums n
mirabelka
The sweet, edible drupaceous fruit of the mirabelle prune tree, a cultivar of the plum tree of the subspecies Prunus domestica subsp. syriaca, often used in pies, wines, and brandy

mirabilite mirabilites n
mirabilit
(mineral) An evaporite, consisting of sodium sulfate, with the chemical formula Na2SO4·10H2O.

miracle /ˈmiɹəkəl/ /ˈmɪɹəkəl/ miracles n
cud dziw
An event that appears inexplicable by the laws of nature and so is held to be supernatural in origin.

miracle play miracle plays n
mirakl
A kind of mystery play that re-enacted miraculous interventions by the saints into the lives of ordinary people.

mirage /mɪˈɹɑːd͡ʒ/ /mɪˈɹɑːʒ/ mirages n
miraż fatamorgana
An optical phenomenon in which light is refracted through a layer of hot air close to the ground, often giving the illusion of a body of water.

mire /ˈmaɪə/ /ˈmaɪɚ/ /ˈmaɪɹ/ mires n
bagno
Deep mud; moist, spongy earth.

mirepoix /mɪə(ɹ)ˈpwɑː/ /mɪəɹəˈpwɑː/ mirepoix mirepoixs n
włoszczyzna
A combination of diced onions, carrots, celery and herbs sautéed in oil or butter as used in French cooking.

mirror /ˈmiɹ.ɚ/ /ˈmə.ɹa/ /ˈmɪ.ɹə/ /ˈmɪɹ.ɚ/ /ˈmɪɹ/ mirrors n
lustro zwierciadło
A smooth surface, usually made of glass with reflective material painted on the underside, that reflects light so as to give an image of what is in front of it.

mirror image mirror images n
odbicie lustrzane
An image that is reversed from left to right, as it would appear if seen in a mirror; a reflection.

misadventure misadventures n
niepowodzenie

misandry /mɪˈsændɹi/ misandries n
mizoandria
Hatred of, contempt for, or prejudice against men.

misanthrope /ˈmɪs.ənˌθɹoʊp/ /ˈmɪs.ənˌθɹəʊp/ /ˈmɪz.ənˌθɹoʊp/ /ˈmɪz.ənˌθɹəʊp/ misanthropes n
mizantrop mizantropka
One who has a negative view of the entire human race. This may express itself as, e.g., distrust, dislike, hate, or contempt.

misanthropic /-zən-/ /ˌmɪsənˈθɹɑpɪk/ /ˌmɪsənˈθɹɒpɪk/ more misanthropic most misanthropic adj
mizantropijny
Having a negative view of mankind. This may express itself as, e.g., distrust, dislike, hate, or contempt.

misanthropy misanthropies n
mizantropia
A negative view of the entire human race. This may express itself as, e.g., distrust, dislike, hate, or contempt.

misappropriate /ˌmɪs.əˈpɹoʊ.pɹi.eɪt/ /ˌmɪs.əˈpɹəʊ.pɹɪ.eɪt/ v
sprzeniewierzać sprzeniewierzyć
(transitive) To take something for wrong or illegal purposes.

misappropriation misappropriations n
defraudacja malwersacja sprzeniewierzenie
The wrongful, fraudulent or corrupt use of other's funds in one's care.

misbaha misbahas n
tasbih
A set of Islamic prayer beads.

misbehave v
broić być niegrzecznym rojbrować łobuzować źle się zachowywać
(intransitive, or, reflexive) To act or behave in an inappropriate, improper, incorrect, or unexpected manner.

misbehavior /ˌmɪsbəˈheɪvjə/ /ˌmɪsbəˈheɪvjɚ/ misbehaviors n
złe zachowanie
(American spelling) Action or conduct that is inappropriate, improper, incorrect, or unexpected.

miscarriage /ˈmɪs.kæɹ.əd͡ʒ/ /ˈmɪs.kɛɹ.əd͡ʒ/ /ˈmɪskaɹɪd͡ʒ/ miscarriages n
poronienie
(medicine) The spontaneous natural termination of a pregnancy, especially before it is viable; the fatal expulsion of a foetus from the womb before term. [from 17th c.]

miscarriage of justice miscarriages of justice n
niesprawiedliwy wyrok
(law) An error at a trial which led to an unjust outcome, such as the conviction of a person for a crime they did not commit.

miscarry /ˌmɪsˈkæɹi/ v
poronić ronić
To have a miscarriage; to involuntarily abort a foetus. [from 16th c.]

miscellaneous /ˌmɪsəˈleɪnɪəs/ more miscellaneous most miscellaneous adj
różnorodny różny rozmaity
Consisting of a variety of ingredients or parts.

mischief /ˈmɪs.t͡ʃiːf/ /ˈmɪs.t͡ʃɪf/ /ˈmɪʃ.t͡ʃiːf/ /ˈmɪʃ.t͡ʃɪf/ mischiefs n
niegodziwość szkoda
(uncountable) Harm or trouble caused by an agent or brought about by a particular cause.

miscommunication miscommunications n
błąd komunikacyjny
An interaction between two parties in which information is/was not communicated as desired.

miscreant /ˈmɪs.kɹi.ənt/ more miscreant most miscreant adj
nikczemny podły
Lacking in conscience or moral principles; unscrupulous.
heretycki
(theology) Holding an incorrect religious belief.

miscreant /ˈmɪs.kɹi.ənt/ miscreants n
nikczemnik szubrawca szubrawiec łachudra łotr
One not restrained by moral principles; an unscrupulous villain.
heretyczka heretyk
(theology) One who holds a false religious belief; a misbeliever.

misdeed /mɪsˈdiːd/ misdeeds n
występek
That which was done that should not have been, ranging from any sin or moral offense to various degrees of crime.

misdemeanor /ˌmɪsdɪˈmiːnə(ɹ)/ misdemeanors n
wykroczenie występek
(legal, historical, _, in, _, UK) A crime usually punishable upon conviction by a small fine or by a short term of imprisonment. In the USA, misdemeanants usually are incarcerated in county jail for less than one year, but felons usually are incarcerated in state or federal prison for more than one year. Crimes which are punishable by large fines or by longer imprisonment are sometimes called felonies.

mise en abyme mise en abymes mises en abyme n
autotematyzm

miser /ˈmaɪzə(ɹ)/ misers n
skąpiec sknera kutwa dusigrosz sknerus
(pejorative) A person who hoards money rather than spending it; one who is cheap or extremely parsimonious.

miserable /ˈmɪz(ə)ɹəbəl/ more miserable most miserable adj
nieszczęśliwy nędzny
In a state of misery: very sad, ill, or poor.

misericord misericords n
mizerykordia
A medieval dagger, used for the mercy stroke to a wounded foe.

miserly /ˈmaɪ.zə(ɹ).li/ more miserly most miserly adj
skąpy
Like a miser, very cautious with money.

misery /ˈmɪz(ə)ɹi/ /ˈmɪz(ə)ɹɪ/ miseries n
męka nieszczęście
Great unhappiness; extreme pain of body or mind; wretchedness; distress; woe.

misfit /mɪsˈfɪt/ /ˈmɪs.fɪt/ misfits n
odmieniec
A badly adjusted person; someone unsuitable or set apart because of their habits, behaviour etc.

misfortune /mɪsˈfɔɹt͡ʃən/ /mɪsˈfɔːtʃuːn/ misfortunes n
pech nieszczęście
(uncountable) Bad luck.

mishear /mɪsˈhɪə(ɹ)/ v
przesłyszeć się
(ambitransitive) To hear wrongly.

mishmash /ˈmɪʃˌmæʃ/ mishmashes n
miszmasz
A collection containing a variety of miscellaneous things.

misjudge v
oceniać ocenić

mislead /mɪsˈliːd/ v
wprowadzać w błąd wprowadzić w błąd mylić zmylić
(literally) To lead astray, in a false direction.

misogynist /mɪˈsɑd͡ʒ.ən.ɪst/ /mɪˈsɒd͡ʒ.ən.ɪst/ misogynists n
mizogin mizoginista
One who professes misogyny; a hater of women.

misogyny /mɪˈsɑd͡ʒ.ɪ.ni/ /mɪˈsɒd͡ʒ.ɪ.ni/ misogynies n
mizoginia mizoginizm
Hatred of, contempt for, or prejudice against women.

misologist misologists n
misologos
One who hates or dislikes reasoning or argument.

misology n
wstręt rozumu
Hatred or fear of reasoning or argument.

misplace /mɪsˈpleɪs/ v
zapodziać zagubić zgubić
(transitive) To put something somewhere and then forget its location; to mislay.

misprision /ˌmɪsˈpɹɪʒ(ə)n/ /ˌmɪsˈpɹɪʒn̩/ misprisions n
zaniedbanie
(uncountable) Criminal neglect or wrongful execution of duty, especially by a public official; (countable) a specific instance of this.

misrepresent /ˌmɪsˌɹɛpɹəˈzɛnt/ v
przeinaczać przeinaczyć
To represent falsely; to inaccurately portray something.

miss /mɪs/ misses n
chybienie pudło
A failure to hit.
panna niezamężna
An unmarried woman; a girl.

miss /mɪs/ v
chybić spudłować chybiać pudłować
(ambitransitive) To fail to hit.
tęsknić cknić się cnić się
(transitive) To become aware of the loss or absence of; to feel the want or need of, sometimes with regret.
nie rozumieć nie zrozumieć
(transitive) To fail to understand;
chybić spudłować chybiać nie rozumieć nie zrozumieć przegapiać
(transitive) To fail to notice; to have a shortcoming of perception; overlook.
spóźniać się spóźnić się
(transitive) To be wanting; to lack something that should be present.

miss out v
opuszczać opuścić
To miss an experience or lose an opportunity, etc. that should not be missed.

miss the point v
nie rozumieć nie zrozumieć
To fail to grasp the meaning of an utterance or situation.

missal missals n
mszał
(Catholicism) A book containing the prayers and responses needed when celebrating the Roman Catholic Mass throughout the year.

missed call missed calls n
puścić sygnał
(telephoning) A telephone call which the responder does not answer.

misshapen /mɪsˈʃeɪ.pən/ [mɪʃˈʃeɪ.pən] more misshapen most misshapen adj
niekształtny zniekształcony
Having a bad, ugly or awkward shape; deformed; malformed.

missile /ˈmɪs.aɪl/ /ˈmɪs.əl/ missiles n
pocisk
Any object used as a weapon by being thrown or fired through the air, such as stone, arrow or bullet. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]
rakieta
(military) A self-propelled projectile whose trajectory can be adjusted after it is launched. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

missing /ˈmɪsɪŋ/ adj
zaginiony brakujący
Not able to be located; gone, misplaced.

missing in action /ˈmɪsɪŋ ɪn ˈækʃən/ adj
zaginiony w akcji
(chiefly, military) The designation for a member of an organization (usually military) with whom contact is lost and whose whereabouts are not known, but whose death is not confirmed.

missing person missing people missing persons n
osoba zaginiona
A person whose whereabouts are unknown and who is being sought.

mission /ˈmɪʃən/ [ˈmɪʃn̩] missions n
misja zadanie
(countable) A set of tasks that fulfills a purpose or duty; an assignment set by an employer, or by oneself.
misja
(uncountable) Religious evangelism.

mission accomplished phraseologicalUnit
misja wykonana zadanie wykonane
(colloquial) Used to express that a task, or set of tasks, has been completed.

missionary /ˈmɪ.ʃən.(ə)ɹɪ/ /ˈmɪʃ.əˌnɛɹ.ɪ/ adj
misjonarski misyjny
Relating to a (religious) mission.

missionary /ˈmɪ.ʃən.(ə)ɹɪ/ /ˈmɪʃ.əˌnɛɹ.ɪ/ missionaries n
misjonarz misjonarka
(religion) A person who travels attempting to spread a religion or creed (Particularly used in context of Christianity).

missionary position missionary positions n
pozycja misjonarska
A position for sexual intercourse in which the man and woman face each other, with the man on top.

missive /ˈmɪsɪv/ missives n
list pismo posłanie
(formal) A written message; a letter, note or memo.

misspeak /mɪsˈspiːk/ v
przejęzyczyć się
(ambitransitive, chiefly, US) To fail to pronounce, utter, or speak correctly.

misspelling misspellings n
błąd ortograficzny byk
(countable) A misspelt word.

mist /mɪst/ mists n
mgła
(countable, uncountable) Water or other liquid finely suspended in air. (Compare fog, haze.)

mist /mɪst/ v
zamglić się
To form mist.
zraszać zrosić
To spray fine droplets on, particularly of water.
pokryć zaparować
To cover with a mist.
zajść
(of the eyes) To be covered by tears.

mistake /mɪˈsteɪk/ mistakes n
pomyłka błąd
An error; a blunder.

mistake /mɪˈsteɪk/ v
pomylić się
pomylić
(transitive) To understand wrongly, taking one thing or person for another.

mistakenly /mɪˈsteɪ.kən.li/ adv
błędnie
wrongly, erroneously
przez pomyłkę
by accident, by mistake, in error (without intention to do so)

mistakenness n
błędność

mister /ˈmɪstəɹ/ [ˈmɪstə(ɹ)] [ˈmɪstɚ] misters n
pan proszę Pana
A title conferred on an adult male, usually when the name is unknown. Also used as a term of address, often by a parent to a young child.

mistle thrush mistle thrushes n
paszkot
A large Eurasian thrush, Turdus viscivorus.

mistletoe /ˈmɪs(ə)ltəʊ/ /ˈmɪsəlˌtoʊ/ mistletoes n
jemioła
(countable, uncountable) Any of numerous hemiparasitic evergreen plants of the order Santalales with white berries that grow in the crowns of apple trees, oaks, and other trees, such as the European mistletoe (Viscum album) and American mistletoe or eastern mistletoe (Phoradendron leucarpum).

mistress /ˈmɪstɹɪs/ mistresses n
pani
A woman, specifically one with great control, authority or ownership
kochanka
The other woman in an extramarital relationship, generally including sexual relations

mistrust /mɪsˈtɹʌst/ mistrusts n
nieufność
Lack of trust or confidence; distrust, untrust.

misty /ˈmɪsti/ mistier mistiest adj
mglisty
Covered in mist; foggy.

misunderstanding /ˌmɪsʌndəˈstændɪŋ/ /ˌmɪsʌndɚˈstændɪŋ/ misunderstandings n
nieporozumienie
A mistake as to the meaning of something or a specific point of view; erroneous interpretation or comprehension; misconception.

mite /maɪt/ mites n
roztocz roztocze
Any of many minute arachnids which, along with the ticks, comprise subclass Acarina (aka Acari).

mitigate /ˈmɪt.ɪ.ɡeɪt/ v
zminimalizować zmniejszyć złagodzić
(transitive, of problems or flaws) To reduce, lessen, or decrease and thereby to make less severe or easier to bear.

mitochondrion mitochondria mitochondrions n
mitochondrium
(cytology) A spherical or ovoid organelle found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and containing genetic material separate from that of the host; it is responsible for the conversion of food to usable energy in the form of ATP.

mitosis /maɪˈtoʊ.sɪs/ /maɪˈtəʊ.sɪs/ mitoses n
mitoza
(cytology) The division of a cell nucleus in which the genome is copied and separated into two identical halves. It is normally followed by cell division.

mitotic more mitotic most mitotic adj
mitotyczny
Of or pertaining to mitosis.

mitre /ˈmaɪtəɹ/ mitres n
mitra
A covering for the head, worn on solemn occasions by church dignitaries, which has been made in many forms, mostly recently a tall cap with two points or peaks.

mitre box mitre boxes n
przyrżnia pudełko uciosowe skrzynka uciosowa
A wood working appliance used to guide a handsaw or backsaw for making precise cuts, usually 45° and 90° mitre cuts. The mitre boxes are made of wood or plastic.

mitre saw mitre saws n
kapówka piła ukośna ukośnica
A power saw that is a bench circular saw that is used to make accurate crosscuts and miters in a workpiece by positioning a mounted blade onto a board, that can be positioned at a variety of angles.

mitten /ˈmɪtn̩/ /ˈmɪʔn̩/ mittens n
mitenka mitynka
A type of glove or garment that covers a hand with a separate sheath for the thumb, but not for other fingers, which are either enclosed in a single section or left uncovered.

mitzvah mitzvahs mitzvoth n
micwa
(Judaism) Any of the 613 commandments of Jewish law.
(Judaism) An act of kindness, a good deed.

mix /ˈmɪks/ mixes n
miks
The result of mixing two or more substances; a mixture.
(music) The result of mixing several tracks.
(music) The finished version of a recording.

mix /ˈmɪks/ v
mieszać bełtać zbełtać zmieszać
(transitive) To combine (items from two or more sources normally kept separate).

mix business with pleasure v
łączyć przyjemne z pożytecznym
To do something pleasurable that is related to one's work.

mixed doubles n
mikst
(sports) A game played between two teams, each consisting of a female and a male.

mixed economy mixed economies n
gospodarka mieszana
A market economy with governmental provision of public goods, often with strong regulatory oversight, other forms of economic interventionism and some level of economic planning.

mixed metaphor mixed metaphors n
mieszana metafora

mixer /ˈmɪksə(ɹ)/ mixers n
mikser robot kuchenny
One who, or a device that, mixes or merges things together.
A machine outfitted with (typically blunt) blades with which it mixes or beats ingredients in a bowl below.

mixing bowl mixing bowls n
miska
(cookware) A large bowl in which ingredients are mixed for the purpose of preparing food.

mixing console mixing consoles n
mikser
(sound engineering) An electronic device to combine and route audio signals from many sources to various destinations.

mixture /ˈmɪkstʃə/ /ˈmɪkst͡ʃɚ/ mixtures n
mieszanie zmieszanie
The act of mixing.
mieszanina mieszanka
Something produced by mixing.
zlepek
Something that consists of diverse elements.
mikstura specyfik
A medicinal compound, typically a suspension of a solid in a solution

mizzen /ˈmɪ.zən/ mizzens n
bezan
(nautical) A fore-and-aft sail set on a mizzenmast.

mizzenmast /ˈmɪz.ənˌmæst/ /ˈmɪz.ənˌmɑːst/ mizzenmasts n
bezanmaszt
(nautical) The aftmost mast on a ship having three masts; the third-tallest mast on a full-rigged ship.

mnemonic /ni-/ /nə-/ /nəˈmɑnɪk/ /nɪˈmɒnɪk/ adj
mnemoniczny pamięciowy
Especially of a series of ideas, letters, words, etc.: intended to help in remembering.
Of or relating to mnemonics.

mnemonic /ni-/ /nə-/ /nəˈmɑnɪk/ /nɪˈmɒnɪk/ mnemonics n
asocjacja mnemonik mnemonika skojarzenie
Something (especially a series of ideas, letters, words, etc.) used to help in remembering a thing; a memory aid.

moa /ˈmoə/ /ˈmɒʌ/ /ˈməʊə/ moas n
moa
Any of several species of large, extinct, flightless birds of the family Dinornithidae that were native to New Zealand; until its extinction, one species was the largest bird in the world. [from 19th c.]

moan /moʊn/ /məʊn/ moans n
jęk
a low, mournful cry of pain, sorrow or pleasure

moan /moʊn/ /məʊn/ v
narzekać
(transitive, now, _, rare) To complain about; to bemoan, to bewail; to mourn. [from 13th c.]
jęczeć
(intransitive) To make a moan or similar sound. [from 18th c.]

moat /moʊt/ /məʊt/ moats n
fosa
A deep, wide defensive ditch, normally filled with water, surrounding a fortified habitation.

mob /mɑb/ /mɒb/ mobs n
banda
(Australian Aboriginal) A group of Aboriginal people associated with an extended family group, clan group or wider community group, from a particular place or country.

mobbing mobbings n
mobbing
Group bullying.

mobile /ˈmoʊbaɪl/ /ˈmoʊbil/ /ˈmoʊbəl/ /ˈməʊ.baɪl/ /ˈməʊbaɪl/ more mobile most mobile adj
przenośny ruchomy mobilny
(biology) Capable of being moved, aroused, or excited; capable of spontaneous movement.

mobile device mobile devices n
urządzenie mobilne
An item of hand-held electronic equipment, especially a smartphone or tablet computer.

mobile game mobile games n
gra na komórkę gra na telefon komórkowy
(video games) An electronic game played using a cellular phone.

mobile home mobile homes n
dom mobilny dom na kółkach
A prefabricated home built in a factory, rather than on site, and then taken to the place where it will be occupied.

mobile library mobile libraries n
bibliobus bibliowóz
A library housed in a large van that provides a library service to those unable to attend their nearest local library.

mobile phone mobile phones n
komórka telefon komórkowy telefon
A portable telephone that connects with the telephone network over radio wave transmission.

mobility /moʊˈbɪlɪti/ /mə(ʊ)ˈbɪlɪti/ mobilities n
mobilność ruchomość
The ability to move; capacity for movement. [from 15th c.]
(military) The ability of a military unit to move or be transported to a new position. [from 18th c.]

mobilization mobilizations n
aktywizacja
The act of mobilizing.
mobilizacja aktywizacja
The marshalling and organizing of troops and national resources in preparation for war, bringing them to a state of readiness for an action.

mobster /ˈmɑb.stɚ/ /ˈmɒb.stə/ mobsters n
gangster mafioso
A member of a mob or Mafia.

moccasin /ˈmɑkəsɪn/ /ˈmɒkəsɪn/ moccasins n
mokasyn
A traditional Native North American shoe, usually without a heel or sole, made of a piece of deerskin or other soft leather turned up at the edges which are either stitched together at the top of the shoe, or sewn to a vamp (a piece covering the top of the foot). [from early 17th c.]
A modern shoe with either a low or no heel resembling a traditional Native American moccasin in that the leather forming the sides of the shoe is stitched at the top.
Any of several North American snakes of the genus Agkistrodon, particularly the copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix) and the cottonmouth or water moccasin (Agkistrodon piscivorus).

mocha /ˈmoʊkə/ /ˈmɒkə/ mochas n
mokka
(countable) A coffee drink with chocolate syrup added, or a serving thereof.

mock /mɑk/ /mɒk/ /mɔk/ adj
sztuczny udawany
Imitation, not genuine; fake.

mock /mɑk/ /mɒk/ /mɔk/ v
kpić
To mimic, to simulate.
kpić przedrzeźniać wyśmiewać się
To make fun of, especially by mimicking; to taunt.

mock-orange n
jaśminowiec
especially, Philadelphus coronarius (sweet mock orange), widely cultivated

mock-up /ˈmɑk.ʌp/ /ˈmɒk.ʌp/ mock-ups n
makieta
A scale or full-size model of a design or device which is not fully functional, used for teaching, demonstration, design evaluation, promotion, and other purposes.

mocker mockers n
kpiarz
A person who mocks.

mockery /ˈmɑkəɹi/ /ˈmɒkəɹi/ mockeries n
kpina szydera
The action of mocking; ridicule, derision.

mockingbird /ˈmɑkɪŋˌbɝd/ /ˈmɒkɪŋbɜːd/ mockingbirds n
przedrzeźniacz
A long-tailed American songbird of the Mimidae family, noted for its ability to mimic calls of other birds.

mockingness n
szyderczość
The condition of being mocking; derisiveness.

mod /mɑd/ /mɒd/ mods n
mod
(video games) An end user-created package containing modifications to the look or behaviour of a video game.

modal /ˈmoʊd.əl/ /ˈməʊd.əl/ more modal most modal adj
modalny
(grammar) Of, relating to, or describing the mood of a clause.

modal filter modal filters n
droga filtrująca

modal verb modal verbs n
czasownik modalny

mode /mod/ /moʊd/ /məʊd/ modes n
moda styl
Style or fashion; popular trend.
metoda sposób
A particular means of accomplishing something.
dominanta wartość modalna
(statistics) The most frequently occurring value in a distribution.
tryb
(computing) One of various related sets of rules for processing data; more generally, any state of the system associated with certain behaviours.

model /ˈmɑdl̩/ /ˈmɒdl̩/ [ˈmɑ.ɾɫ] adj
modelowy podręcznikowy wzorcowy
Worthy of being a model; exemplary.

model /ˈmɑdl̩/ /ˈmɒdl̩/ [ˈmɑ.ɾɫ] models n
model modelka
A person who serves as a subject for artwork or fashion, usually in the medium of photography but also for painting or drawing.
model makieta
A representation of a physical object, usually in miniature.
model
A simplified representation used to explain the workings of a real world system or event.
A style, type, or design.
model szablon
The structural design of a complex system.
wzór model
A successful example to be copied, with or without modifications.

modeling modelings n
modelunek
The art of sculpting models from clay etc. to create a representation of something.
The representation of depth in a two-dimensional image.
modeling
The profession of someone who models clothes.

modeling clay modeling clays n
plastelina
A malleable substance used in building models and sculpting.

modem /ˈmoʊdəm/ /ˈmoʊdɛm/ /ˈməʊdəm/ /ˈməʊdɛm/ modems n
modem
(computing) A device that encodes digital computer signals into analog/analogue telephone signals and vice versa, allowing computers to communicate over a phone line.

moderate /ˈmɑdəɹeɪt/ /ˈmɑdəɹət/ /ˈmɒdəɹeɪt/ /ˈmɒdəɹət/ more moderate most moderate adj
umiarkowany
Not excessive; acting in moderation

moderately more moderately most moderately adv
średnio
To a moderate extent or degree.

moderation /ˌmɑdəˈɹeɪʃən/ /ˌmɒdəˈɹeɪʃən/ moderations n
umiar wstrzemięźliwość
The state or quality of being moderate; avoidance of extremes
moderacja
The process of moderating a discussion

moderator /ˈmɒdəˌɹeɪtə(ɹ)/ moderators n
moderator
Someone who moderates.
moderator moderatorka
(Internet) A person who enforces the rules of a discussion forum by deleting posts, banning users, etc.

modern /ˈmɑdɚn/ /ˈmɒd(ə)n/ moderner modernest more modern most modern adj
nowoczesny współczesny
Pertaining to a current or recent time and style; not ancient.

modern-day adj
współczesny
Current; of the present.
(informal) Used to designate a present-day version of someone or something in history.

modernism modernisms n
modernizm
Any of several styles of art, architecture, literature, philosophy, etc., that flourished in the 20th century.

modernist adj
modernistyczny
Of, or relating to modernism.

modernist modernists n
modernista modernistka
A follower or proponent of modernism.

modernity /məˈdɜːn.ɪ.ti/ /məˈdɝn.ɪ.ti/ modernities n
nowożytność
nowoczesność
(history) Quality of being of the modern period of contemporary historiography.

modernization /ˌmɑdɚnaɪˈzeɪʃn̩/ /ˌmɑdɚnɪˈzeɪʃn̩/ /ˌmɒdənaɪˈzeɪʃn̩/ /ˌmɒdənɪˈzeɪʃn̩/ [ˌmɑɾɚ-] modernizations n
modernizacja
The process of modernizing.

modernize /ˈmɑdɚnaɪz/ /ˈmɒdənaɪz/ v
modernizować unowocześniać unowocześnić zmodernizować
(transitive) To make (something old or outdated) up to date, or modern in style or function by adding or changing equipment, designs, etc.
(intransitive) To become modern in appearance, or adopt modern ways

modernly more modernly most modernly adv
nowocześnie
In a modern manner or style.

modest /ˈmɑdəst/ modester modestest more modest most modest adj
skromny
Not bragging or boasting about oneself or one's achievements; unpretentious, humble.
skromny niewielki
Small, moderate in size.

modesty /ˈmɒd.ə.sti/ modesties n
skromność
The quality of being modest; having a limited and not overly high opinion of oneself and one's abilities.
Moderate behaviour; reserve.
(specifically) Pudency, avoidance of sexual explicitness.

modifier /ˈmɑdɪfaɪɚ/ /ˈmɒdɪfaɪə/ modifiers n
modyfikator
One who, or that which, modifies.
przydawka
(grammar) A word, phrase, or clause that limits or qualifies the sense of another word or phrase.

modify /ˈmɑdɪfaɪ/ /ˈmɒdɪfaɪ/ v
modyfikować zmieniać
(transitive) To change part of.
(transitive) To set bounds to; to moderate.

modular /ˈmɒdjʊlə(ɹ)/ adj
modułowy
(chiefly, mathematics) Of or relating to a module or modules.

modulate /ˈmɑ.dju.ˌleɪt/ /ˈmɑː.d͡ʒə.ˌleɪt/ v
modulować
(transitive) To regulate, adjust or adapt
cieniować modulować
(transitive) To change the pitch, intensity or tone of one's voice or of a musical instrument
modulować zmodulować
(intransitive, music) to move from one key or tonality to another, especially by using a chord progression

modulation /ˈmɑ.dju.ˌleɪ.ʃən/ /ˈmɑː.d͡ʒə.ˌleɪ.ʃən/ modulations n
modulacja
(physics) The process of applying a signal to a carrier.

module /ˈmɑd͡ʒul/ /ˈmɒdjuːl/ modules n
moduł
A self-contained component of a system, often interchangeable, which has a well-defined interface to the other components.

modulus moduli n
moduł
(mathematics) The absolute value of a complex number.

modus operandi /ˈmoʊ.dɘs ˌɑp.əɹ.ɛn.daɪ/ /ˈmoʊ.dɘs ˌɑp.əɹ.ɛn.di/ /ˈmɐʉ.dɘs ˌɔp.ɘ.ɹɛn.di/ /ˈmɐʉ.dɘs ˌɔp.ɘ.ɹɛn.dɒe/ /ˈməʊ.dʌs ˌɒp.ə.ɹæn.daɪ/ modi operandi modus operandis n
modus operandi
(colloquial) A person or thing's normal mode of operation.
(law enforcement) A known criminal's established habits and mode of work when committing specific offences, especially fraud, matched with characteristics of an unsolved crime to narrow down (limit to a specific list) or profile suspects.

modus vivendi /ˌmoʊdəs vɪˈvɛndiː/ /ˌməʊdəs vɪˈvɛndiː/ modi vivendi n
modus vivendi

mogul /ˈmoʊɡəl/ /ˈməʊɡ(ə)l/ moguls n
potentat
A rich or powerful person; a magnate, nabob.
mulda
(skiing) A hump or bump on a skiing piste.

mohair /ˈməʊhɛə/ mohairs n
moher
The long, fine hair of the Angora goat.

mohel /ˈmɔɪ.əl/ /ˈmɔʊ.ɛl/ mohalim mohelim mohels n
mohel rzezak
(Judaism) The person who performs the circumcision in a Jewish bris.

moiré /mwaˈɹeɪ/ /mɔˈɹeɪ/ moirés n
mora
A pattern that emerges when two grids are superimposed over one another, sometimes unintended or undesirable in many applications, such as in weaving, screenprinting, and halftoning.
A fabric, often silk, which has a watery or wavelike appearance.

moissanite /ˈmoi.sə.nɑit/ moissanites n
moissanit
(mineral) Naturally-occurring silicon carbide, having various crystalline polymorphs.

moist /mɔɪst/ moister moistest more moist most moist adj
wilgotny
Characterized by the presence of moisture; not dry; slightly wet; damp. [from 14th c.]

moisture /ˈmɔɪs.t͡ʃə/ /ˈmɔɪs.t͡ʃɚ/ moistures n
wilgoć
That which moistens or makes damp or wet; exuding fluid; liquid in small quantity.
wilgoć wilgotność
The state of being moist.

mojibake /-keɪ/ /ˌmoʊd͡ʒiˈbɑki/ /ˌməʊd͡ʒiˈbɑːki/ n
krzaczek krzak krzaki
(computing) Corrupt characters or letters, especially resulting from being displayed or transferred through an inappropriate character set or encoding.

mojito /moʊˈhi.toʊ/ /məʊˈhiːtəʊ/ mojitos n
mojito
A Cuban cocktail, generally made from rum, lime, sugar, mint, etc.

moka pot moka pots n
kafetierka makinetka moka
A coffeemaker that produces coffee by passing boiling water pressurized by steam through ground coffee, traditionally made of aluminium.

molal /ˈməʊləl/ adj
molalny
(chemistry) Of or designating a solution that contains one mole of solute per 1000g of solvent

molality molalities n
molalność
(chemistry) the concentration of a substance in solution, expressed as the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent

molar /ˈmoʊlɚ/ adj
trzonowy
Of or relating to the molar teeth, or to grinding.
molarny molowy
(chemistry) Of, relating to, or being a solution containing one mole of solute per litre of solution.

molar /ˈmoʊlɚ/ molars n
trzonowiec ząb trzonowy
A back tooth having a broad surface used for grinding one's food.

molarity molarities n
molarność
(chemistry) the concentration of a substance in solution, expressed as the number of moles of solute per litre of solution

molasses /məʊˈlasɪz/ /məˈlasɪz/ [məˈlæ.sɪz] [mɵˈlæ.sɪz] n
melasa
A thick, sweet syrup drained from sugarcane, especially (North America) the still thicker and sweeter syrup produced by boiling down raw molasses.

mold /moʊld/ /mɔʊld/ /məʊld/ molds n
forma
A hollow form or matrix for shaping a fluid or plastic substance.
pleśń
A natural substance in the form of a woolly or furry growth of tiny fungi that appears when organic material lies for a long time exposed to (usually warm and moist) air.
odlew
Something that is made in or shaped on a mold.

mold /moʊld/ /mɔʊld/ /məʊld/ v
formować kształtować modelować
(transitive) To shape in or on a mold; to form into a particular shape; to give shape to.
odlewać
(intransitive) To be shaped in or as if in a mold.

moldboard moldboards n
odkładnica
A curved piece of metal on a plow or bulldozer that clears the free dirt from the blade.

mole /mol/ /moʊl/ /mɒʊl/ /mɔʊl/ /məʊl/ moles n
pieprzyk znamię
A naevus, a pigmented, slightly raised, and sometimes hairy spot on the skin.

mole /mol/ /moʊl/ /mɒʊl/ /məʊl/ moles n
kret wtyczka
Any of the burrowing rodents also called mole-rats.
(espionage) An internal spy, a person who involves himself or herself with an enemy organisation, especially an intelligence or governmental organisation, to determine and betray its secrets from within.

mole /mol/ /moʊl/ /məʊl/ moles n
falochron
(nautical) A massive structure, usually of stone, used as a pier, breakwater or junction between places separated by water.
mol
(chemistry, physics) In the International System of Units, the base unit of amount of substance; the amount of substance of a system which contains exactly 6.02214076×1023 elementary entities (atoms, ions, molecules, etc.). Symbol: mol. The number of atoms is known as Avogadro’s number. [from 1897]
zaśniad
A hemorrhagic mass of tissue in the uterus caused by a dead ovum.

mole cricket mole crickets n
turkuć
Any of various large insects from the family Gryllotalpidae that burrow into moist soil and feed on plant roots.

molecular /məˈlɛkjələɹ/ /məˈlɛkjʊlə/ adj
molekularny cząsteczkowy
(chemistry) Relating to, or consisting of, or produced by molecules.
(food) Relating to molecular gastronomy.

molecular biology n
biologia molekularna
(genetics) the branch of biology that studies the manipulation of genetic sequence of DNA

molecular formula molecular formulae molecular formulas n
wzór sumaryczny
(chemistry) A notation indicating the number of atoms of each element present in one molecule of a substance.

molecular genetics n
genetyka molekularna
A field of biology which studies the structure and function of genes at a molecular level.

molecule /ˈmɑl.ə.kjul/ /ˈmɒl.ə.kjuːl/ moleculae molecules moleculæ n
cząsteczka molekuła
(chemistry) The smallest particle of a specific element or compound that retains the chemical properties of that element or compound; two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.

molehill /ˈməʊlhɪl/ molehills n
kretowisko
A small mound of earth created by a mole's burrowing underneath the surface of the ground.

moleskin moleskins n
krecia skórka
The fur of a mole.
moleskin
A cotton twill fabric with a heavy velvety nap.

molest /məˈlɛst/ v
molestować
To sexually assault or sexually harass.
(dated) To annoy, trouble, or afflict.
(obsolete) To disturb or tamper with.

mollusc /ˈmɑləsk/ /ˈmɒləsk/ molluscs n
mięczak
A soft-bodied invertebrate of the phylum Mollusca, typically with a hard shell of one or more pieces.

mollycoddle /ˈmɑl.iˌkɑd.əl/ /ˈmɒl.ɪˌkɒd.əl/ v
rozpieszczać rozpieścić

molten /ˈmoʊltən/ /ˈmɒltən/ /ˈməʊltən/ more molten most molten adj
stopiony
Melted.

molybdenite molybdenites n
molibdenit
(mineral) A mineral, molybdenum disulfide MoS2, that is the principal ore of molybdenum; it is structurally similar to graphite and has a similar look and feel.

molybdenum /məˈlɪbdɪnəm/ molybdenums n
molibden
A chemical element (symbol Mo) with an atomic number of 42: a silvery metal, not found as a free element, used in steel alloys.

molybdic /məˈlɪbdɪk/ adj
molibdenowy

moment /ˈmoʊmənt/ /ˈməʊmənt/ moments n
moment siły chwila
(physics, mechanics) Ellipsis of moment of force.
moment chwila
(historical, unit) A definite period of time, specifically one-tenth of a point, or one-fortieth or one-fiftieth of an hour.
(math) An infinitesimal change in a varying quantity; an increment or decrement.

moment of force moments of force n
moment siły
(physics) The turning effect of a force applied to a rotational system at a distance from the axis of rotation. The moment is equal to the magnitude of the force multiplied by the perpendicular distance between its line of action and the axis of rotation.

moment of silence moments of silence n
minuta ciszy
A period of silence conducted to honor or provide a gesture of respect to a recently deceased person, as part of the mourning process. May also be conducted following a tragic event or on the anniversary thereof.

moment of truth moments of truth n
chwila prawdy
(idiomatic) A deciding instant; the time when a test determines or makes it apparent whether something will succeed.

momentarily /ˈməʊməntɛɹɪlɪi/ /ˈməʊmɛntɛɹɪlɪi/ adv
chwilowo
(manner) In a momentary manner; for a moment or instant.

momentary /ˈmoʊmənˌtɛɹi/ /ˈməʊmənt(ə)ɹi/ more momentary most momentary adj
chwilowy
Lasting for only a moment.

momentous /moʊˈmɛn.təs/ /məʊˈmɛn.təs/ more momentous most momentous adj
ważny doniosły wielkiej wagi znaczący
Outstanding in importance, of great consequence.

momentum /ˌmoʊˈmɛntəm/ /ˌmə(ʊ)ˈmɛntəm/ momenta momentums n
pęd rozmach
(physics) Of a body in motion: the tendency of a body to maintain its inertial motion; the product of its mass and velocity, or the vector sum of the products of its masses and velocities.
rozmach
The impetus, either of a body in motion, or of an idea or course of events; a moment.

momo /ˈməʊməʊ/ momo momos n
momo
A type of dumpling from Nepal, Ladakh or Tibet made with a simple flour and water dough and filled with meat, vegetables or cheese.

monad /ˈmoʊnæd/ /ˈmɒnæd/ monads n
monada
(philosophy) An ultimate atom, or simple, unextended point; something ultimate and indivisible.
(functional, _, programming) A data type which represents a specific form of computation, along with the operations "return" and "bind".

monarch /ˈmɑnɑɹk/ /ˈmɑnɚk/ /ˈmɒnək/ monarchs n
monarcha monarchini
The ruler of an absolute monarchy or the head of state of a constitutional monarchy.

monarchic /mɒnˈaː(ɹ)kɪk/ more monarchic most monarchic adj
monarchiczny monarchistyczny
Of, or relating to monarchy or to a monarch.

monarchism monarchisms n
monarchizm
The advocacy of such a political system.

monarchist monarchists n
monarchista monarchistka
A supporter of, or believer in, monarchy.

monarchy /ˈmɑnɚki/ /ˈmɒnəki/ monarchies n
monarchia
A government in which sovereignty is embodied within a single, today usually hereditary head of state (whether as a figurehead or as a powerful ruler).

monastery /ˈmɑnəstəɹi/ /ˈmɑnəstɛɹi/ /ˈmɒnəstɹi/ monasteries n
klasztor monaster
A residence for monks or others who have taken religious vows.

monastic /məˈnæstɪk/ more monastic most monastic adj
monastyczny mnisi
Of or relating to monasteries or monks.

monastic /məˈnæstɪk/ monastics n
mnich mniszka
A person with monastic ways; a monk.

monastically more monastically most monastically adv
monastycznie
In a monastic manner.

monasticism monasticisms n
monastycyzm
(religion) The practice of renouncing all worldly pursuits in order to fully devote one's life to spiritual work.

mondegreen /ˈmɑndəɡɹiːn/ /ˈmɒndəɡɹiːn/ mondegreens n
przesłyszenie
(linguistics) A form of (possibly intentional) error arising from mishearing a spoken or sung phrase, possibly in a different language. [from 1954]

monetarism monetarisms n
monetaryzm
(economics) The political doctrine that a nation's economy can be controlled by regulating the money supply.

monetary /ˈman.ə.teː.ɹi/ /ˈmɑnɪtɛɹi/ /ˈmʌnətɛɹi/ /ˈmʌnɪt(ə)ɹi/ adj
monetarny pieniężny walutowy
Of, pertaining to, or consisting of money.

monetization /ˌmɒnətaɪˈzeɪʃən/ /ˌmʌnətaɪˈzeɪʃən/ monetizations n
monetyzacja
The conversion of something (especially metal) into money.

monetize /ˈmɑnəˌtaɪz/ /ˈmɒnətaɪz/ /ˈmʌnətaɪz/ v
monetyzować spieniężać spieniężyć zmonetyzować
To convert something (especially a security) into currency.

money /ˈmʌni/ [ˈmɐni] moneys monies n
pieniądz pieniądze forsa flota grosiwo hajs
A generally accepted means of exchange and measure of value.
waluta pieniądz
A currency maintained by a state or other entity which can guarantee its value (such as a monetary union).
gotówka pieniądz
Hard cash in the form of banknotes and coins, as opposed to cheques/checks, credit cards, or credit more generally.

money bag money bags n
sakiewka sakwa
A bag, normally with a drawstring, used for holding money.

money belt money belts n
trzos
A belt concealed under clothing, having a pocket for money or other documents.

money can't buy happiness proverb
pieniądze szczęścia nie dają
Money can purchase external things, but true happiness comes from within oneself.

money does not smell proverb
pieniądze nie śmierdzą

money doesn't grow on trees proverb
pieniądze nie spadają z nieba
Wealth cannot be obtained without some effort; hence currency is not always available for a prospective purchase.

money laundering n
pranie brudnych pieniędzy pranie pieniędzy
The act of engaging in transactions designed to obscure the origin of money, especially money that has been obtained illegally. [from early 20th c.]

money machine money machines n
maszynka do robienia pieniędzy
A very profitable scheme or institution, sometimes (derogatory) one that disregards aesthetic or spiritual concerns in favour of making money.

money market money markets n
rynek pieniężny
(finance) A market for trading short-term debt instruments, such as treasury bills, commercial paper, bankers' acceptances, and certificates of deposit.

money supply money supplies n
podaż pieniądza
(economics) The total amount of money (bills, coins, loans, credit, and other liquid instruments) in a particular economy.

moneybags moneybags n
bogacz
(informal) A wealthy person.

moneyless /ˈmʌniləs/ more moneyless most moneyless adj
bezpieniężny
That does not use money as a means of exchange.

mongongo mongongos n
mongongo
A large, spreading tree (Schinziophyton rautanenii) of the family Euphorbiaceae, found on wooded hills and among sand dunes, with distinctive hand-shaped leaves, whose pale yellow wood resembles balsa.
Its egg-shaped, velvety fruit, having a thin layer of edible flesh surrounding a highly nutritious nut.

mongoose /ˈmɑŋ.ɡus/ /ˈmɒŋ.ɡuːs/ /ˈmʌŋ.ɡus/ mongeese mongooses n
mangusta galidia
Any of several species of generalist predatory Carnivores in the family Herpestidae; the various species range in size from rats to large cats. The Indian mongoose is noted as a predator of venomous snakes, though other mongoose species have similar habits.

mongrel /ˈmɑŋ.ɡɹəl/ /ˈmʌŋ.ɡɹəl/ more mongrel most mongrel adj
bastardowy

mongrel /ˈmɑŋ.ɡɹəl/ /ˈmʌŋ.ɡɹəl/ mongrels n
kundel mieszaniec
(often, pejorative) Someone or something of mixed kind or uncertain origin, especially a dog.

monism monisms n
monizm
(philosophy, religion) The doctrine of the oneness and unity of reality, despite the appearance of diversity in the world.

monitor /ˈmɑ.nə.ɾɚ/ /ˈmɑ.nɪ.ɾɚ/ /ˈmɒn.ɪ.tə/ /ˈmɔn.ə.ɾɚ/ /ˈmɔn.ɪ.tə/ /ˈmɔn.ɪ.ɾə/ /ˈmɔn.ɪ.ɾɚ/ monitors n
monitor
(computing) A device similar to a television set used as to give a graphical display of the output from a computer.
(nautical) A relatively small armored warship with only one or two turrets (but often carrying unusually large guns for a warship of its size), usually designed for shore bombardment or riverine warfare rather than open-ocean combat. [from 1862]
dyżurna dyżurny
(Hong Kong, Singapore, archaic, _, in, _, British) A student leader in a class.

monitor /ˈmɑ.nə.ɾɚ/ /ˈmɑ.nɪ.ɾɚ/ /ˈmɒn.ɪ.tə/ /ˈmɔn.ə.ɾɚ/ /ˈmɔn.ɪ.tə/ /ˈmɔn.ɪ.ɾə/ /ˈmɔn.ɪ.ɾɚ/ v
monitorować
(transitive) To watch over; to guard.

monitor lizard monitor lizards n
waran
Any of various large carnivorous lizards of the family Varanidae, all of whose extant species are of genus Varanus, native to Africa, Asia and Australia.

monitoring monitorings n
monitoring
The carrying out of surveillance on, or continuous or regular observation of, an environment or people in order to detect signals, movements or changes of state or quality.

monk /mʌŋk/ monks n
mnich zakonnik
A male member of a monastic order who has devoted his life for religious service.
mnich
(slang) An unmarried man who does not have sexual relationships.

monk parakeet monk parakeets n
mnicha
Myiopsitta monachus, a parrot of South America.

monkey /ˈmʊŋki/ /ˈmʌŋki/ monkeys monkies n
małpa
(inexact, sometimes, _, proscribed) Any simian primate other than hominids, any monkey or ape.

monkey bread monkey breads n
małpi chlebek
(US) A soft, sweet, sticky pastry sprinkled with cinnamon, often served at fairs and festivals.

monkey business /-nɪz/ /ˈməŋ-/ /ˈmʌŋki ˌbɪznɪs/ /ˈmʌŋkɪ ˌbɪznɪs/ [-nəs] [-nəz] n
figle psoty zbytki
Activity that is mischievous, stupid, or time-wasting. [from mid 19th c.]
machlojki świństwa
Activity that is morally questionable or even mildly illegal.

monkey see, monkey do phraseologicalUnit
małpa widzi małpa robi

monkey wrench monkey wrenches n
klucz francuski klucz nastawny
A wrench (spanner) with an adjustable jaw.

monkfish monkfish monkfishes n
żabnica
Any large bottom-dwelling anglerfish of the genus Lophius, such as Lophius piscatorius, of the Atlantic, having a large head and mouth.

monkish adj
mnisi mniszy
Pertaining to, or resembling, a monk or monasticism.

mono- /ˈmɑː.nə/ /ˈmɒn.ə/ /ˈmɒn.əʊ/ prefix
mono-
one, single, only

monochord monochords n
monochord

monochromacy n
monochromatyczność
The quality of having only one independent channel for conveying color information in the eye, i.e. total color blindness.

monochrome /ˈmɑn.əˌkɹoʊm/ /ˈmɒn.əˌkɹəʊm/ adj
monochromatyczny jednobarwny
Having only one colour.
czarno-biały
(photography) Representing colours with shades of gray.

monochrome /ˈmɑn.əˌkɹoʊm/ /ˈmɒn.əˌkɹəʊm/ monochromes n
czarno-biała fotografia
A black and white image, especially such a photograph.
monochrom
(dated) A painting executed in shades of a single colour.

monocle /ˈmɑnəkəl/ monocles n
monokl
A single lens, usually in a wire frame, and used to correct vision for only one eye.

monocotyledon /ˌmɒnəˌkɒtɪˈliːdən/ monocotyledons n
jednoliścienne
(botany) Any plant whose seedlings typically have one cotyledon (seed leaf) (in contrast to the two cotyledons typical of dicots), thereby belonging to the taxonomic monocots, formerly variously known as Monocotyledones, Monocotyledonae, or Liliopsida, a class in the angiosperms (Angiospermae), the flowering plants.

monocrotophos n
monokrotofos
(organic chemistry) An organophosphate insecticide, acutely toxic to birds and humans.

monoculture /ˈmɒnoʊˌkʌlt͡ʃə(ɹ)/ /ˈmɒnəˌkʌlt͡ʃə(ɹ)/ monocultures n
monokultura
(agriculture) The cultivation of a single crop at a time.

monoexponential adj
[[jedno-]]wykładniczy

monogamous adj
monogamiczny
Being married to one person at a time.

monogamy /məˈnɑɡəmi/ monogamies n
monogamia
A form of sexual bonding involving a permanent pair bond between two beings.

monogon monogons n
kształt o jednym wierzchołku
(geometry) A one-dimensional object comprising one vertex and one (not necessarily straight) edge both of whose ends are that vertex.

monogram /ˈmɑ.nəˌɡɹæm/ /ˈmɒ.nəˌɡɹæm/ monograms n
monogram
A design or motif composed of one or more letters, often intertwined, used as an identifying mark of an individual or institution; the letters are usually the initials of their names.

monograph monographs n
monografia
A scholarly book or a treatise on a single subject or a group of related subjects, usually written by one person.

monokini /mɒnə(ʊ)ˈkiːni/ monokinis n
monokini
The lower part of a bikini without the upper part (i.e., topless).

monolingual more monolingual most monolingual adj
jednojęzyczny
Knowing or using a single language; written or spoken in a single language.

monolingualism monolingualisms n
jednojęzyczność
The condition of being monolingual; the ability to speak only a single language.

monolith /ˈmɑn.əˌlɪθ/ /ˈmɒn.lɪθ/ /ˈmɒn.ə.lɪθ/ monoliths n
monolit
(also, attributively) A large, single block of stone which is a natural feature; or a block of stone or other similar material used in architecture and sculpture, especially one carved into a monument in ancient times.
(also, attributively, and, figurative) Anything massive, uniform, and unmovable, especially a towering and impersonal cultural, political, or social organization or structure.

monologue /ˈmɑnəlɑɡ/ /ˈmɑnəlɔɡ/ /ˈmɒnəlɒɡ/ monologues n
monolog
(drama, authorship) A long speech by one person in a play; sometimes a soliloquy; other times spoken to other characters.
(comedy) A long series of comic stories and jokes as an entertainment.
A long, uninterrupted utterance that monopolizes a conversation.

monomer /ˈmɑnəmɚ/ /ˈmɒnəmə/ monomers n
monomer
(chemistry) A relatively small molecule which can be covalently bonded to other monomers to form a polymer.

monomial monomials n
jednomian
(mathematics) A single term consisting of a product of numbers and variables with positive integer exponents.

monomorphemic adj
jednomorfemiczny jednomorfemowy

mononucleosis mononucleoses n
mononukleoza
(pathology) A viral infection marked by extreme fatigue, high fever, and swollen lymph nodes.

monoparty adj
jednopartyjny monopartyjny
(politics) Having only one political party, especially where opposition parties are outlawed; one-party, uniparty.

monophosphate monophosphates n
monofosforan

monophthong /ˈmɑnəfˌθɑŋ/ /ˈmɑnəfˌθɔŋ/ /ˈmɑnəpˌθɑŋ/ /ˈmɑnəpˌθɔŋ/ /ˈmɒnəfˌθɒŋ(ɡ)/ /ˈmɒnəpˌθɒŋ(ɡ)/ monophthongs n
monoftong
A vowel (in the sense of a sound rather than a letter of the alphabet) that has the same sound throughout its pronunciation, such as the short vowels in "pap", "pep", "pip", "pop" and "pup", as opposed to a diphthong (eg, /aɪ/, the vowel in "pipe") or a triphthong (eg, /aɪə/, the sound in the non-rhotic pronunciation of "pyre").

monophthongization monophthongizations n
monoftongizacja
(phonetics) The process of becoming monophthong, for a diphthong or triphthong.

monophysitism n
monofizytyzm
(Christianity) A Christological doctrine, generally considered heterodox or heretical, holding that Jesus Christ has a single nature, which is either wholly divine or partially human and partially divine.

monoplane monoplanes n
jednopłatowiec jednopłat
(aviation) An airplane that has a single pair of wings.

monopod monopods n
monopod
A portable stand with one leg, used to support a camera or telescope.

monopolist monopolists n
monopolista
One who has, or attempts to acquire, a monopoly on something.

monopoly /məˈnɑpəli/ /məˈnɒpəli/ monopolies n
monopol samokupstwo
An exclusive control over the trade or production of a commodity or service through exclusive possession.

monoprotic adj
jednozasadowy
(chemistry) Having a single hydrogen atom; monobasic

monopsony /məˈnɑpsəni/ /məˈnɒpsəni/ monopsonies n
monopson
(economics) A market situation in which there is only one buyer for a product. [from 1930s]

monorail /ˈmɑnəɹeɪl/ /ˈmɒnəɹeɪl/ /ˈmɒnəʊˌɹeɪl/ monorails n
kolej jednoszynowa
a railroad system where the trains run on one rail

monosaccharide monosaccharides n
monosacharyd
(carbohydrate) A simple sugar such as glucose, fructose or deoxyribose that has a single ring

monosodium glutamate n
glutaminian sodu
(chemistry) The mono sodium salt of the amino acid, glutamic acid; present in soy sauce; used as a condiment in Chinese and Japanese cooking, and as a food additive to enhance flavor and add the umami taste. Abbreviations: MSG, E621.

monosyllabic /ˌmɑ.noʊ.sɪˈlæ.bɪk/ /ˌmɒnə(ʊ)sɪˈlabɪk/ /ˌmɔ.nəʉ.sɪˈlæ.bɪk/ adj
jednosylabowy
Consisting of one syllable.

monotheism /ˌmɑnoʊ̯ˈθiɪzm̩/ monotheisms n
monoteizm jedynobóstwo
The belief in a single deity (one god or goddess); especially within an organized religion.

monotheist monotheists n
monoteista jednobożca jednobożnik
A believer of monotheism, the doctrine that there is a single divine being in the universe.

monotheistic /ˌmɑnəθiˈɪstɪk/ /ˌmɒnə(ʊ)θiːˈɪstɪk/ /ˌmɒnə(ʊ)θɪˈɪstɪk/ adj
monoteistyczny
(religion) Believing in a single god, deity, spirit, etc., especially for an organized religion, faith, or creed.

monotonous /məˈnɑtənəs/ /məˈnɒtənəs/ more monotonous most monotonous adj
monotonny
Having an unvarying pitch or tone.

monotreme /ˈmɒnətɹiːm/ monotremes n
stekowiec
(zoology) A mammal that lays eggs and has a single urogenital and digestive orifice. Only the echidnas and platypuses are included in this group.

monotype monotypes n
monotypia
(arts, printing) A print made by creating the design using oil paint or printer's ink on metal or glass, then transferring the image directly to paper.
(sailing) A sailboat designed to be crewed or raced by a single person.
monotyp
(biology) A monotypic taxon.
A keyboard-operated typesetting and casting machine that makes and sets separate characters.

monotypic /ˌmɒ.nə.ˈtɪ.pɪk/ adj
monotypowy
(taxonomy) Relating to or exhibiting monotypy.

monoxide /məˈnɒksʌɪd/ monoxides n
monotlenek
(chemistry) any oxide containing a single oxygen atom in each molecule or formula unit

mons pubis /ˌmɒnz ˈpjubɪs/ montes pubis n
wzgórek łonowy łono
A fleshy protuberance over the pubic bones that becomes covered with hair during puberty.

monsoon /mɑnˈsuːn/ /mɒnˈsuːn/ monsoons n
monsun
Any of a number of winds associated with regions where most rain falls during a particular season.
Tropical rainy season when the rain lasts for several months with few interruptions.
Entire meteorological systems with such characteristics.

monster /ˈmɑnstɚ/ /ˈmɒnstə(ɹ)/ monsters n
potwór monstrum bestia bestyja kreatura maszkara
(informal) A terrifying and dangerous creature.
dziwadło dziwoląg dziwotwór gadzina paskuda poczwara
(informal, childish) A bizarre or whimsical creature.

monstera /mɔnsˈtɛɹʌ/ monsteras n
monstera
(botany) Any of the plants of the genus Monstera, known for their holey leaves.

monstrance /ˈmɑnztɹəns/ /ˈmɒnstɹəns/ monstrances n
monstrancja
(Christianity) An ornamental, often precious receptacle, either open or with a transparent cover, in which the sacramental bread (consecrated host) is placed for Eucharistic adoration.

monstress /ˈmɑnstɹəs/ /ˈmɒnst(ə)ɹɛs/ monstresses n
potwora potworzyca
(literary) A female monster.

monstrous /ˈmɑnstɹəs/ /ˈmɒnstɹəs/ more monstrous most monstrous adj
monstrualny
Hideous or frightful.
Enormously large.

montane /mɑnˈteɪn/ /ˈmɒnteɪn/ montanes n
regiel
(ecology) An animal or a plant of a montane habitat.

month /mʌnθ/ month months n
miesiąc
A period into which a year is divided, historically based on the phases of the moon.

monthly /ˈmʌnθli/ adj
miesięczny comiesięczny
Occurring every month.

monthly /ˈmʌnθli/ adv
miesięcznie co miesiąc
Every month.

monthly /ˈmʌnθli/ monthlies n
miesięcznik
A publication that is published once a month.
miesiączka
(euphemistic) The menstrual period.

monument /ˈmɑnjəmənt/ /ˈmɑnjʊmənt/ /ˈmɒnjʊmənt/ monuments n
monument pomnik
A structure built for commemorative or symbolic reasons, or as a memorial; a commemoration.
monument
A sign of exceptional achievement.

monumental /ˌmɒnjʊˈmɛntəl/ more monumental most monumental adj
monumentalny
Large, grand and imposing.
Taking a great amount of time and effort to complete.

monzonite monzonites n
adamellit monzonit

moo /mu/ /muː/ interjection
mu
The characteristic sound made by a cow or bull.

moo /mu/ /muː/ moos n
muczenie
(onomatopoeia) The characteristic lowing sound made by cattle.

moo /mu/ /muː/ v
muczeć
(intransitive) Of a cow or bull, to make its characteristic lowing sound.

mooch /muːt͡ʃ/ v
snuć się
(British) To wander around aimlessly, often causing irritation to others.

mood /muːd/ /mʉd/ moods n
nastrój humor
A mental or emotional state, composure.

mood swing mood swings n
huśtawka nastrojów nagłe zmiany nastroju wahania nastroju
(psychology) A rapid and extreme changing in mood, from excessively happy to desperately miserable.

moola /ˈmuː.lɑ/ /ˈmuː.lə/ /ˈmuːˌlɑː/ /ˈmyː.lɑ/ /ˈmʊ.lɑ/ n
mamona
(informal) Money, cash.

moon /mun/ /muːn/ moons n
księżyc miesiąc luna
(informal, by extension of Moon) Any natural satellite of a planet.
miesiąc księżyc
(literary) A month, particularly a lunar month.

moon landing moon landings n
lądowanie na Księżycu
The safe arrival of a spacecraft on the surface of the moon.

moonbeam /ˈmun.bim/ moonbeams n
promień księżyca
A shaft of moonlight.

moonless adj
bezksiężycowy
(of a night) During which no phase of the Moon is visible to provide light.

moonlight /ˈmunˌlaɪt/ moonlights n
światło księżyca
(sometimes, attributive) The light reflected from the Moon.

moonlighting moonlightings n
chałtura
The act of, or a period of, working on the side (at a secondary job), often in the evening or during the night.

moonrise moonrises n
wschód księżyca
The time of day or night when the moon begins to rise over the horizon.

moonset moonsets n
zachód księżyca
The setting of the moon below the horizon.

moonshine /ˈmuːnʃaɪn/ moonshines n
bimber krzakówka księżycówka samogon samogonka
(math, uncountable) A branch of pure mathematics relating the Monster group to an invariant of elliptic functions.

moonshiner moonshiners n
bimbrarz bimbrowniczka bimbrownik
Someone who makes or distributes moonshine (illicit alcohol).

moonshining n
bimbrownictwo
(informal, US) Illicit production and distribution of liquor.

moonstone moonstones n
kamień księżycowy
(mineral) A translucent gemstone, an orthoclase feldspar, that has a pearly lustre.

moonwort /ˈmuːnwəːt/ moonworts n
podejźrzon
A small fern, Botrychium lunaria (lesser moonwort); later, any member of the genus. [from 15th c.]

moor /moː/ /mɔɹ/ /mɔː/ /mʉr/ /mʊ(ə)ɹ/ /mʊə/ [möː(ə̯)~mʊ̈ː(ə̯)] moors n
wrzosowisko torfowisko
An extensive waste covered with patches of heath, and having a poor, light soil, but sometimes marshy, and abounding in peat; a heath

moor /moː/ /mɔɹ/ /mɔː/ /mʉr/ /mʊ(ə)ɹ/ /mʊə/ [möː(ə̯)~mʊ̈ː(ə̯)] v
cumować
(intransitive, nautical) To cast anchor or become fastened.
cumować przycumować zacumować
(transitive, nautical) To fix or secure (e.g. a vessel) in a particular place by casting anchor, or by fastening with ropes, cables or chains or the like.

moorhen /ˈmuɹ.hɛn/ moorhens n
kokoszka
Any of various medium-sized water birds of the genus Gallinula, of the rail family, that feed in open water margins.

moose /muːs/ meese moose mooses n
łoś klępa łosica łosza
The largest member of the deer family (Alces americanus, sometimes included in Alces alces), of which the male has very large, palmate antlers.

moot /muːt/ more moot most moot adj
sporny
(current in, _, UK, rare, _, in the, _) Subject to discussion (originally at a moot); arguable, debatable, unsolved or impossible to solve.
bezprzedmiotowy
(North America) Having no practical consequence or relevance.

moot point moot points n
kwestia do dyskusji kwestia dyskusyjna
An issue that is subject to, or open for, discussion or debate, to which no satisfactory answer is found; originally, one to be definitively determined by an assembly of the people.
kwestia czysto akademicka
An issue regarded as potentially debatable, but no longer practically applicable. Although the idea may still be worth debating and exploring academically, and such discussion may be useful for addressing similar issues in the future, the idea has been rendered irrelevant for the present issue.

mootness n
bezprzedmiotowość

mop /mɑp/ /mɒp/ mops n
mop
An implement for washing floors or similar, made of a piece of cloth, or a collection of thrums, or coarse yarn, fastened to a handle.

moped /ˈmoʊ.pɛd/ /ˈməʊ.pɛd/ mopeds n
motorower moped
A lightweight, two-wheeled vehicle equipped with a small motor and pedals, designed to go no faster than some specified speed limit.

moraine /mɒˈɹeɪn/ /məˈɹeɪn/ moraines n
morena
(geology) An accumulation of rocks and debris carried and deposited by a glacier.

moral /ˈmoɹəl/ /ˈmɑɹəl/ /ˈmɒɹ-/ /ˈmɒɹəl/ /ˈmɔrəl/ more moral most moral adj
moralny
Of or relating to principles of right and wrong in behaviour, especially for teaching right behaviour.
Positively affecting the mind, confidence, or will.

moral /ˈmoɹəl/ /ˈmɑɹəl/ /ˈmɒɹ-/ /ˈmɒɹəl/ /ˈmɔrəl/ morals n
morał
(of a narrative) The ethical significance or practical lesson.
morały
(chiefly, in the plural) Moral practices or teachings: modes of conduct.

moral code moral codes n
kodeks moralny
(ethics) A written, formal, and consistent set of rules prescribing righteous behavior, accepted by a person or by a group of people.

moral compass /ˌmɒɹl̩-/ /ˌmɒɹəl ˈkʌmpəs/ /ˌmɔɹəl ˈkʌmpəs/ moral compasses n
busola
An inner sense which distinguishes what is right from what is wrong, functioning as a guide for morally appropriate behaviour.

moral high ground /ˌmɔɹəl ˈhaɪ ɡɹaʊnd/ moral high grounds n
wyższość moralna
(idiomatic) A position or point of view which is ethically superior or more reputable, in comparison to others which are under consideration.

moral panic moral panics n
panika moralna
A semi-spontaneous or media-generated mass movement based on the perception that an individual, group, community, or culture is dangerously deviant and poses a menace to society; a public outcry.

morale /məˈɹæl/ /məˈɹɑːl/ morales n
morale
The capacity of people to maintain belief in an institution or a goal, or even in oneself and others.

moralism /ˈmɒɹəlɪzm/ moralisms n
moralizm moralizatorstwo moralizowanie
(uncountable, often, pejorative) The act or practice of moralizing (making moral reflections or judging the morality of others).
morał
(countable, often, pejorative) A maxim or saying believed by the speaker to embody a moral truth; an instance of moralizing.
moralizm
(uncountable, dated) Religious practice that focuses on morality while placing little emphasis on doctrine or the metaphysical; adherence to a system of morality with little or no reference to religion.

moralist moralists n
moralista moralistka
(pejorative) One who bases all decisions on perceived morals, especially one who enforces them with censorship.

moralistic more moralistic most moralistic adj
moralistyczny
Characteristic of or relating to a narrow-minded concern of the morals of others; self-righteous

morality /məˈɹælɪti/ moralities n
moralność
(uncountable) Recognition of the distinction between good and evil or between right and wrong; respect for and obedience to the rules of right conduct; the mental disposition or characteristic of behaving in a manner intended to produce morally good results.

morality police n
policja moralności policja obyczajowa
A police force tasked with enforcing a specific moral code, especially a religious one.

morally /ˈmɑɹəli/ /ˈmɒɹəli/ /ˈmɔɹəli/ more morally most morally adv
moralnie
In terms of morals or ethics.
In keeping of requirements of morality.

moratorium /ˌmɒ.ɹəˈtɔː.ɹɪəm/ /ˌmɔ.ɹəˈtɔ.ɹi.əm/ /ˌmɔː.ɹəˈtɔː.ɹɪəm/ moratoria moratoriums n
moratorium
(legal) An authorization to a debtor, permitting temporary suspension of payments. [from 19th c.]
A suspension of an ongoing activity. [from 20th c.]

moray /məˈɹeɪ/ /ˈmɒ.ɹeɪ/ /ˈmɔː.ɹeɪ/ morays n
murena
Any of the large cosmopolitan carnivorous eels of the family Muraenidae.

morbid obesity n
otyłość olbrzymia
(pathology) The condition of being morbidly obese.

mordant /mɔː(ɹ)dənt/ more mordant most mordant adj
żrący
Having or showing a sharp or critical quality

more /mo(ː)ɹ/ /moə/ /moʊ/ /mɔɹ/ /mɔː/ adv
więcej bardziej -ej -ejszy -szy gorzej
Used to form the comparative form of adjectives and adverbs. [from 13thc.]

more /mo(ː)ɹ/ /moə/ /moʊ/ /mɔɹ/ /mɔː/ determiner
więcej
in greater number. (Used for a discrete quantity.)
in greater quantity, amount, or proportion. (Used for a continuous quantity.)
Additional; further.
Bigger, stronger, or more valuable.

more Catholic than the Pope adj
bardziej papieski od papieża świętszy od papieża
Adhering more stringently to Roman Catholic practices and doctrine than is required by church doctrine.

more and more adv
coraz coraz więcej
(degree) Progressively more.
coraz coraz bardziej
(manner) In a manner that progressively increases.
coraz więcej
(modal) Indicates that the statement is becoming progressively more true.

more and more determiner
coraz więcej
Increasingly more; a growing number of; a growing quantity of.

more dead than alive adj
blisko śmierci wpółżywy

more haste, less speed proverb
śpiesz się powoli co nagle, to po diable gdy się człowiek śpieszy, to się diabeł cieszy
When one is in a hurry, one often ends up having less success and completing a task more slowly.

more like phraseologicalUnit
prędzej raczej

more or less /mɔɹ ɔɹ lɛs/ adv
mniej więcej z grubsza
Approximately.

more than meets the eye adj
więcej niż na pierwszy rzut oka

more to the point conjunction
co ważniejsze

more's the pity phraseologicalUnit
szkoda
(idiom) It is a pity; it is unfortunate.

morel /məˈɹɛl/ morels n
smardz
A true morel; any of several fungi in the genus Morchella, the upper part of which is covered with a reticulated and pitted hymenium.
smardz jadalny
Any of several edible mushrooms, especially the common morel or yellow morel.

moreover /mɔɹˈoʊvɚ/ /mɔːˈɹəʊvə/ adv
ponadto skądinąd
(conjunctive) In addition to what has been said; furthermore; additionally.

morepork /ˈmoːpoːk/ /ˈmɔɹˌpɔ(ə)ɹk/ /ˈmɔːpɔːk/ moreporks n
sowica ciemnolica
(chiefly, New Zealand) The Tasmanian spotted owl (Ninox novaeseelandiae), a small brown owl indigenous to New Zealand and Tasmania. [from 19th c.]

moresome moresomes n
balet
(rare, slang) A sexual act involving more than three people, or a group of individuals involved in such an act.

morgue /moɹɡ/ /mɔː(ɹ)ɡ/ /mɔːɡ/ [mo̞ɹɡ] morgues n
kostnica
A building or room where dead bodies are kept before their proper burial or cremation, (now) particularly in legal and law enforcement contexts.

moribund /ˈmɔːɹɪbʌnd/ adj
konający umierający
Approaching death; about to die; dying; expiring.

morion /ˈmɒɹɪən/ morions n
morion
(historical) A kind of open brimmed helmet used by footsoldiers in the 16th and 17th centuries, having no visor or bevor. [from 16th c.]

morna /məʊˈɹnɑ/ mornas n
morna
(uncountable, music genre) A genre of Cape Verdean music and dance.

morning /mɔːnɪŋ/ /mɔːɹnɪŋ/ /ˈmɔɹnɪŋ/ /ˈmɔːnɪŋ/ mornings n
rano ranek
The early part of the day, especially from midnight to noon. [from 13th c.]
(obsolete) That part of the day from dawn until the main meal (typically in late afternoon). [18th–19th c.]

morning after morning afters mornings after n
poranek po nocy picia

morning star morning stars n
morgensztern gwiazda poranna morgenstern
(military, countable) A weapon consisting of a heavy ball set with spikes attached rigidly to a staff, in contrast to a flail.

morning star pn
Jutrzenka Gwiazda Poranna gwiazda poranna
(astronomy) The planet Venus as observed in the eastern sky around dawn.

morning wood morning woods n
poranny drągal namiot poranny wzwód
(dialectal) Kindling used to light a fire in the morning.

morning-after pill morning-after pills n
pigułka dzień po
A contraceptive in the form of a pill taken shortly after sexual intercourse.

moron /-ɑn/ /mo(ː)ɹɒn/ /ˈmoɹɑn/ /ˈmɔːɹɒn/ [ˈmo̞ɹɑn] morons n
debil bałwan bezmózg przygłup
(psychology, dated, originally) A person of mild mental subnormality in the former classification of mental retardation, having an intelligence quotient of 50–70.

morose /mɔɹˈoʊs/ /məˈɹoʊs/ /məˈɹəʊs/ more morose moroser morosest most morose adj
ponury posępny
Sullen, gloomy; showing a brooding ill humour.

morpheme /ˈmoː.fiːm/ /ˈmɔɹ.fim/ /ˈmɔː.fiːm/ morphemes n
morfem
(linguistic morphology) The smallest linguistic unit within a word that can carry a meaning. It may be a letter, a syllable, or otherwise.

morphine /ˈmoː.fiːn/ /ˈmɔɹˌfin/ /ˈmɔː.fiːn/ morphines n
morfina
(biochemistry, pharmaceutical drug) A crystalline alkaloid (7,8-didehydro-4,5-epoxy-17-methyl-morphinan-3,6-diol), extracted from opium, the salts of which are soluble in water and are used as analgesics, anaesthetics and sedatives; it is one of a group of morphine alkaloids.

morphological /ˌmɔːfəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/ adj
morfologiczny
Of, or pertaining to, morphology.

morphologically adv
morfologicznie
With regard to morphology.

morphology /moːˈfɔl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /mɔɹˈfɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /mɔːˈfɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ morphologies n
morfologia
(biology) The study of the form and structure of animals and plants.
(uncountable) A scientific study of form and structure, usually without regard to function. Especially:
(linguistics) The study of the internal structure of morphemes (words and their semantic building blocks).
(geology) The study of the structure of rocks and landforms.
(countable) A description of the form and structure of something.

mortadella mortadellas n
mortadela
A smooth-textured Italian pork sausage with lumps of fat, flavoured with spices; eaten cold.

mortal /ˈmɔɹtəl/ /ˈmɔːtəl/ more mortal most mortal adj
śmiertelny
Susceptible to death by aging, sickness, injury, or wound; not immortal. [from 14th c.]
Causing death; deadly, fatal, killing, lethal (now only of wounds, injuries etc.). [from 14th c.]

mortal /ˈmɔɹtəl/ /ˈmɔːtəl/ mortals n
śmiertelnik śmiertelny
A human; someone susceptible to death.

mortal sin mortal sins n
grzech śmiertelny
(Roman Catholicism, theology) A sin which causes the loss of God's grace, leading to eternal damnation, unless the sinner repents, which includes their intent to confess and atone; such a sin is defined as a grave transgression against one of the Ten Commandments with the full knowledge and deliberate consent of the sinner.

mortality /mɔɹˈtælɪti/ mortalities n
śmiertelność umieralność
The state of being susceptible to death.
The number of deaths; and, usually and especially, the number of deaths per time unit (usually per year), expressed as a rate.
(figuratively) Death.

mortar /ˈmɔːtə(ɹ)/ mortars n
zaprawa
(uncountable) A mixture of lime or cement, sand and water used for bonding building blocks.
moździerz stępa
(countable) A hollow vessel used to pound, crush, rub, grind or mix ingredients with a pestle.
moździerz
(countable, military, historical) A short, heavy, large-bore cannon designed for indirect fire at very steep trajectories.
(countable, military) A relatively lightweight, often portable indirect fire weapon which transmits recoil to a base plate and is designed to lob explosive shells at very steep trajectories. [from 20th c.]

mortarboard mortarboards n
biret
An academic cap that has a flat square top with a tassel.

mortgage /ˈmɔɹ.ɡɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈmɔː.ɡɪd͡ʒ/ mortgages n
hipoteka
(legal) A special form of secured loan where the purpose of the loan must be specified to the lender, to purchase assets that must be fixed (not movable) property, such as a house or piece of farm land. The assets are registered as the legal property of the borrower but the lender can seize them and dispose of them if they are not satisfied with the manner in which the repayment of the loan is conducted by the borrower. Once the loan is fully repaid, the lender loses this right of seizure and the assets are then deemed to be unencumbered.

mortgage /ˈmɔɹ.ɡɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈmɔː.ɡɪd͡ʒ/ v
obciążać hipotekę
(transitive, legal) To borrow against a property, to obtain a loan for another purpose by giving away the right of seizure to the lender over a fixed property such as a house or piece of land; to pledge a property in order to get a loan.

mortmain /ˈmɔɹt.meɪn/ /ˈmɔːt.meɪn/ mortmains n
martwa ręka
(legal) The perpetual, inalienable possession of lands by a corporation or non-personal entity such as a church.

morula /ˈmɔːɹələ/ morulae morulas n
morula
(embryology) A spherical mass of blastomeres that forms following the splitting of a zygote; it becomes the blastula

mosaic /moʊˈzeɪ.ɪk/ /moʊˈzeɪk/ /məʊˈzeɪ.ɪk/ /məʊˈzeɪk/ mosaics n
mozaika
A piece of artwork created by placing colored squares (usually tiles) in a pattern so as to create a picture.
(genetics) An individual composed of two or more cell lines of different genetic or chromosomal constitution, but from the same zygote.
(plant disease) Any of several viral diseases that cause mosaic-like patterns to appear on leaves.

mosaicist mosaicists n
mozaicysta
a person who designs or builds mosaics

moschatel /ˌmɒskəˈtɛl/ moschatels n
piżmaczek
Adoxa moschatellina, a plant of the genus Adoxa, with pale green flowers and a musky smell.

moscovium /mɒˈskəʊ.vi.əm/ n
moskow
The chemical element with atomic number 115.

mosque /mɑsk/ /mɒsk/ mosques n
meczet
(Islam) A place of worship for Muslims, often having at least one minaret; a masjid.

mosquito /mɒˈskiː.təʊ/ /məˈski.toʊ/ /məˈskiːto/ [məˈskiːɾ̥o] [məˈskɪto] mosquitoes mosquitos n
komar
A small flying insect of the family Culicidae, the females of which bite humans and animals and suck blood, leaving an itching bump on the skin, and sometimes carrying diseases like malaria, dengue and yellow fever.

mosquito net mosquito nets n
moskitiera komarnik
A fine net, placed around a bed, in a window opening, etc., to provide protection against mosquitoes and other insects, and the diseases carried by them.

moss /mɑs/ /mɒs/ /mɔs/ mosses n
mech
Any of various small, green, seedless plants growing on the ground or on the surfaces of trees, stones, etc.; now specifically, a plant of the phylum Bryophyta (formerly division Musci).
(countable) A kind or species of such plants.

moss-grown /ˈmɒsɡɹəʊn/ /ˈmɔsˌɡɹoʊn/ more moss-grown most moss-grown adj
omszały
Having a covering of growing moss.

mossy /ˈmɑːsi/ /ˈmɒsi/ mossier mossiest adj
mszysty omszały
Covered in or overgrown with moss.

most /ˈmoʊst/ /ˈməʊst/ adv
naj-
Forms the superlative of many adjectives.

most /ˈmoʊst/ /ˈməʊst/ determiner
najwięcej
the comparatively largest number of (construed with the definite article)
najwięcej większość
the majority of; more than half of (construed without the definite article)

most favored nation most favored nations n
klauzula największego uprzywilejowania
(trade, diplomacy) A nation accorded a certain level of treatment in international trade. When a nation A is a most favored nation of another nation, B, then B undertakes not to treat A any less favorably (in terms of taxes, exports, etc.) than any of Bs other most favored nations.

most of the time adv
najczęściej najwięcej czasu większość czasu
On most occasions; usually.

mostly /ˈmoʊstli/ /ˈməʊstli/ adv
głównie przeważnie w głównej mierze
Mainly or chiefly; for the most part; usually, generally, on the whole.

mote /moʊt/ /məʊt/ motes n
pyłek
A small particle; a speck.

motel /moʊˈtɛl/ motels n
motel
(also, _, attributive) A type of hotel or lodging establishment, often located near a major highway, which typically features a series of rooms the entrances of which are immediately adjacent to a parking lot to facilitate convenient access to automobiles parked there.

moth /mɑθ/ /mɒθ/ /mɔθ/ moths n
ćma motyl nocny
A usually nocturnal insect of the order Lepidoptera, distinguished from butterflies by feather-like antennae.

mother /ˈmʌðə(ɹ)/ /ˈmʌðɚ/ [ˈmɐðə(ɹ)] mothers n
matka mama mamusia mamuśka mateczka matuchna
A female parent, sometimes especially a human; a female who parents a child (which she has given birth to, adopted, or fostered).

mother figure /-ɡjɚ/ /ˈmʌðə ˌfɪɡə/ /ˈmʌðɚ ˌfɪɡɚ/ mother figures n
autorytet
One (especially an older woman) who behaves as, is regarded as equivalent to, or represents a mother for another person or group of people.

mother lode mother lodes n
kopalnia złoże żyła
(geology) A large or rich vein of gold or of another precious mineral from which other branches extend.

mother superior mother superiors mothers superior n
matka przełożona
A nun in charge of a priory or convent; either a prioress or an abbess.

mother tongue /ˈmʌð.ə ˌtʌŋ/ /ˈmʌð.ɚ ˌtʌŋ/ mother tongues n
język ojczysty
The language one first learned; the language one grew up with; one's native language.

mother-in-law /ˈmʌ.ðəɹ.ɪnˌlɑː/ /ˈmʌ.ðəɹ.ɪnˌlɔː/ mother-in-laws mothers-in-law n
teściowa świekra
The mother of one's spouse.

mother-of-pearl /ˌmʌðəɹ əv ˈpɜː(ɹ)l/ mother-of-pearls n
masa perłowa macica perłowa
The hard pearly inner layer of certain mollusk shells; nacre.

motherboard /ˈmʌðɚˌbɔɹd/ motherboards n
płyta główna
(computer hardware) The primary circuit board of a personal computer, containing the circuitry for the central processing unit, keyboard, mouse and monitor, together with slots for other devices.

motherfucker /ˈmʌðəˌfʌkə/ /ˈmʌðɚˌfʌkɚ/ motherfuckers n
skurwysyn pizda pojeb skurwiel sukinsyn chuj
(vulgar) An extremely intense experience, often but not always negative.
(vulgar, literally) One who engages in incest with their mother.
(vulgar, literally) One who engages in sex with a mother, not necessarily one's own.

motherhood /ˈmə-/ /ˈmʌðəhʊd/ /ˈmʌðɚˌhʊd/ motherhoods n
macierzyństwo
The state of being a mother.

motherland /ˈmʌð.ə.lænd/ /ˈmʌðɚˌlænd/ motherlands n
ojczyzna macierz ojcowizna
The country of one's ancestors.
The country of one's birth.
macierz ojczyzna
Country of origin.

motherly /ˈmʌðəli/ /ˈmʌðɚli/ more motherly most motherly adj
matczyny macierzyński
Befitting a mother; warm, caring, nurturing, protective, loving.

motif /moʊˈtiːf/ motifs n
motyw
A recurring or dominant element; an artistic theme.

motion /ˈmoʊ.ʃən/ /ˈməʊ.ʃən/ motions n
ruch
(uncountable) A state of progression from one place to another.

motion sickness n
choroba lokomocyjna choroba morska
A feeling of nausea or dizziness caused by a disagreement between visually perceived movement and the vestibular system's sense of movement; typically resulting from travel in a vehicle such as a ship or car.

motionless /ˈmoʊʃənlɛs/ /ˈməʊʃənlɛs/ adj
nieruchomy
At rest, stationary, immobile, not moving.

motionlessness n
bezruch
the property of being motionless

motivate /ˈmoʊ.tɪ.veɪt/ /ˈmoʊ.ɾəˌveɪt/ /ˈməʊ.tɪ.veɪt/ v
motywować zmotywować
(transitive) To animate; to propel; to cause to take action

motivated more motivated most motivated adj
zmotywowany
Enthusiastic, especially about striving toward a goal.

motivated reasoning motivated reasonings n
rozumowanie tendencyjne rozumowanie umotywowane
The phenomenon of seeking out rational arguments in favor of a conclusion already reached for non-rational (chiefly emotional) reasons.

motivation motivations n
motywacja
Willingness of action especially in behavior.
The action of motivating.
Something which motivates.
An incentive or reason for doing something.

motivational more motivational most motivational adj
motywacyjny
Tending or intended to motivate.

motive /ˈmoʊtɪv/ /ˈməʊtɪv/ motives n
motyw
(law) Something which causes someone to want to commit a crime; a reason for criminal behaviour. [from 18th c.]
(architecture, fine arts) A motif. [from 19th c.]
motyw temat
(music) A motif; a theme or subject, especially one that is central to the work or often repeated. [from 19th c.]

motley crew /ˌmɑtli ˈkɹu/ /ˌmɒtli ˈkɹuː/ motley crews n
zbieranina
A group of people of mixed background, especially one with a common goal.

motmot motmots n
piłodziób
Any bird in the taxonomic family Momotidae, endemic to the neotropics.

motocross motocrosses n
motocross motokros
(sports, motorcycling) A form of off-road motorbike racing.
(sports, motorcycling) An event where such racing takes place.

motor /ˈmoʊtəɹ/ /ˈməʊtə/ [ˈmoʊɾɚ] motors n
silnik
A machine or device that converts other energy forms into mechanical energy, or imparts motion.

motor home motor homes n
kamper
A type of recreational vehicle, a self-propelled structure built on a truck or bus chassis containing living accommodations.

motor oil motor oils n
olej
Oil for lubricating an internal-combustion engine.

motor scooter motor scooters n
skuter
A small motorcycle or moped with a step-through frame.

motorboat /ˈmoʊtəˌboʊt/ /ˈməʊtəˌbəʊt/ motorboats n
motorówka łódź motorowa
(nautical) Any vessel driven by an engine (either inboard or outboard), but especially a small one.

motorcade /ˈməʊtə(ɹ)ˌkeɪd/ /ˌməʊtə(ɹ)ˈkeɪd/ motorcades n
parada samochodowa
A procession of cars carrying VIPs, especially political figures.

motorcycle /ˈmoʊtɚˌsaɪkəl/ /ˈməʊtəˌsaɪkəl/ [ˈmoʊɾɚˌsaɪkl̩] motorcycles n
motocykl
An open-seated motor vehicle with handlebars instead of a steering wheel, and having two (or sometimes three) wheels.

motorcyclist motorcyclists n
motocyklista motocyklistka
Someone who rides a motorcycle.

motorist motorists n
kierowca kierujący
One who drives a motor vehicle.

motorization motorizations n
automobilizm motoryzacja
The act of motorizing something.

motorless adj
bezmotorowy

motorway /ˈməʊtəweɪ/ motorways n
autostrada
(In Europe, New Zealand and parts of Australia) A highway with grade-separated crossings (rather than level crossings) and designed (and only permitted) for high-speed motor-traffic (in Europe motor vehicles with a higher speed limit than 40 km/h) running in two directions on one separate carriageway each

motto /ˈmɑ.toʊ/ /ˈmɒ.təʊ/ mottoes mottos n
motto dewiza
(heraldry) A sentence, phrase, or word, forming part of an heraldic achievement.
dewiza motto
A sentence, phrase, or word, prefixed to an essay, discourse, chapter, canto, or the like, suggestive of its subject matter; a short, suggestive expression of a guiding principle; a maxim.

mouflon /ˈmuːf.lɑːn/ /ˈmuːf.lɒn/ mouflons n
muflon
A species of wild sheep, Ovis orientalis musimon, syn. Ovis aries musimon, endemic to Sardinia and Corsica. [from c. 1770]

mouldboard mouldboards n
odkładnica
A curved blade on a plough that serves to turn over the furrow.

mouldy /ˈmoʊldi/ more mouldy most mouldy mouldier mouldiest adj
spleśniały
Covered with mould.

mound /maʊnd/ mounds n
kopiec
An artificial hill or elevation of earth; a raised bank; an embankment thrown up for defense
jabłko
A ball or globe forming part of the regalia of an emperor or other sovereign. It is encircled with bands, enriched with precious stones, and surmounted with a cross.

mount /maʊnt/ [maʊnt] [maʊnʔ] [mãʊ̃(n)ʔ] mounts n
wierzchowiec
An animal, usually a horse, used to ride on (unlike a draught horse).

mount /maʊnt/ [maʊnt] [maʊnʔ] [mãʊ̃(n)ʔ] v
dosiąść
(transitive) To place oneself on (a horse, a bicycle, etc.); to bestride.

mountain /ˈmaʊn.tən/ /ˈmaʊn.tɪn/ [ˈmaʊn.tn̩] [ˈmãʊ̯̃(n)ʔn̩] [ˈmæ̃ʊ̯̃(n)ʔn̩] mountains n
góra
(countable) An elevation of land of considerable dimensions rising more or less abruptly, forming a conspicuous figure in the landscape, usually having a small extent of surface at its summit. [from 12th c.]
(countable) Something very large in size or quantity; a huge amount; a great heap. [from 15th c.]

mountain bike mountain bikes n
rower górski góral
(cycling) A bicycle specially designed for off-road riding, typically with straight, flat handlebars, a heavier frame than road bikes, higher ground clearance, and wider tires, sometimes with knobs on them for greater traction.

mountain chain mountain chains n
łańcuch górski
(geography) A series of mountain ranges stretching across a continent.

mountain chickadee mountain chickadees n
sikora górska
Poecile gambeli, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

mountain gorilla mountain gorillas n
goryl górski
A subspecies of the eastern gorilla, Gorilla beringei beringei

mountain guide mountain guides n
przewodniczka przewodnik

mountain hare mountain hares n
bielak
A Eurasian species of hare, Lepus timidus, found mainly in tundra regions. [from 19th c.]

mountain range mountain ranges n
pasmo górskie
(geography) A series of adjoining mountains, often in a line.

mountain shrike mountain shrikes n
dzierzba rdzawoboczna
Lanius validirostris, a small bird endemic to the Philippines.

mountain spinach n
łoboda
A plant in the amaranth family used as a leaf vegetable, Atriplex hortensis.

mountain wagtail mountain wagtails n
pliszka jasna
Motacilla clara, a species of wagtail of the family Motacillidae from sub-Saharan Africa

mountaineer /ˌmaʊn.tɪnˈɪə̯(ɹ)/ /ˌmaʊn.tɪnˈɪɹ/ [ˌmãʊ̯̃(n)ʔn̩ˈiəɹ] [ˌmæ̃ʊ̯̃(n)ʔn̩ˈiəɹ] mountaineers n
góral
(now, rare) A person who lives in a mountainous area (often with the connotation that such people are outlaws or uncivilized). [from 16th c.]
alpinistka alpinista
A person who climbs mountains for sport or pleasure. [from 19th c.]

mountaineering mountaineerings n
alpinizm
The sport of climbing mountains.

mountainous /ˈmaʊn.tən.əs/ /ˈmaʊn.tɪn.əs/ [-ʔn̩-] [ˈmæʊn.tn̩.əs] [ˈmæ̃ʊ̃(n)-] more mountainous most mountainous adj
górzysty
Having many mountains; characterized by mountains; of the nature of a mountain; rough (terrain); rocky.

mounted police /ˈmaʊntɪd pəˈliːs/ n
policja konna
A unit of the civil police who are specifically trained to serve duty on horseback. Their duties can be ceremonial, or often for crowd control, and to police areas of difficult access or wilderness areas.

mourner /ˈmo(ː)ɹnɚ/ /ˈmoənə/ /ˈmɔɹnɚ/ /ˈmɔːnə/ /ˈmʊənə/ /ˈmʊɹnɚ/ mourners n
żałobnica żałobnik
Someone filled with or expressing grief or sadness, especially over a death; someone who mourns.

mourning /ˈmo(ː)ɹnɪŋ/ /ˈmoənɪŋ/ /ˈmoɹnɪŋ/ /ˈmɔːnɪŋ/ /ˈmʊənɪŋ/ /ˈmʊɹnɪŋ/ [ˈmo̞ɹnɪŋ] mournings n
lament opłakiwanie
The act of expressing or feeling sorrow or regret; lamentation.
żałoba opłakiwanie
Feeling or expressing sorrow over someone's death.
żałoba
The traditional clothes worn by those who mourn (in Western societies, typically coloured black).

mouse /maʊs/ /maʊz/ /mʌʊs/ /mʌʊz/ mice n
mysz myszka
Any small rodent of the genus Mus.
myszka cicha myszka
A quiet or shy person.
mysz myszka mysz komputerowa
(computing) (plural mice or, rarely, mouses) An input device that is moved over a pad or other flat surface to produce a corresponding movement of a pointer on a graphical display.

mouse pad /ˈmaʊs.pæd/ mouse pads n
podkładka pod mysz
(US, Australia, computing) A pad with surface used to enhance the movement of a computer mouse.

mouse-colored antshrike mouse-colored antshrikes n
chronka mysia
Thamnophilus murinus, a passerine bird of the antbird family, native to South America.

mouse-eared bat mouse-eared bats n
nocek
Any of the genus Myotis of bats within the family Vespertilionidae.

mousebird mousebirds n
czepiga
Any of a group of possibly passerine arboreal birds of order Coliiformes, confined to sub-Saharan Africa, which build cup-shaped nests of twigs.

mousekin /ˈmaʊskɪn/ mousekins n
myszka
A little mouse.

moussaka /muːˈsɑːkə/ moussakas n
musaka
A dish consisting of layers of minced lamb or beef, sliced aubergine (eggplant) or potatoes, tomatoes and béchamel sauce, baked in the oven.

mousse /muːs/ mousses n
mus
An airy pudding served chilled, particularly chocolate mousse.

moustache /məˈstaːʃ/ /məˈstæʃ/ /məˈstɐːʃ/ /məˈstɑːʃ/ /məˈstɒʃ/ /ˈmʌstæʃ/ moustaches n
wąsy
A growth of facial hair between the nose and the upper lip.

moustached /məˈstɑːʃt/ /ˈmʌstæʃt/ adj
wąsaty
Having a moustache.

moustached warbler moustached warblers n
tamaryszka
A passerine bird, Acrocephalus melanopogon.

moustacheless adj
bezwąsy
Without a moustache.

mousy /ˈmaʊsi/ mousier mousiest adj
mysi
Resembling a mouse.

mouth /maʊð/ /maʊθ/ /mʌʊθ/ [məʊθ] mouths n
usta gęba paszcza
(anatomy) The opening of a creature through which food is ingested.
ujście
The end of a river out of which water flows into a sea or other large body of water.
ujście otwór wylot
An outlet, aperture or orifice.

mouth off v
odpyskiwać odpyskować odpyskowywać
(ambitransitive, slang) To talk impudently, especially to one's superior.

mouth-to-mouth resuscitation mouth-to-mouth resuscitations n
metoda usta-usta sztuczne oddychanie

mouthbrooder /ˈmaʊθbɹuːdə/ /ˈmaʊθˌbɹudɚ/ mouthbrooders n
gębacz pyszczak
(zoology) Any animal that cares for its offspring, either eggs or juveniles, by holding them in its mouth for extended periods of time.

mouthful mouthfuls mouthsful n
kęs
The amount that will fit in a mouth.

mouthguard mouthguards n
ochraniacz na zęby ochraniacz zębów
A device that fits into the mouth over one or both arches of teeth, which is usually made of plastic. They may be used to protect aginst injury during sport or fighting, or may serve a medical purpose.

mouthpiece /ˈmaʊθˌpiːs/ mouthpieces n
ustnik
The part of a wind instrument that is held in or against the mouth.
rzeczniczka rzecznik
A spokesman; one who speaks on behalf of someone else.

mouthwash mouthwashes n
płyn do płukania jamy ustnej
A liquid used to clean one's mouth.

mouthwatering more mouthwatering most mouthwatering adj
apetyczny
That is pleasing to the sense of taste; appetizing; that makes one salivate.

mouthwateringly more mouthwateringly most mouthwateringly adv
apetycznie

movability movabilities n
mobilność ruchomość
The condition of being movable; ability or capacity to be moved.

movable feast movable feasts n
święto ruchome
A day of note, frequently a Christian festival, whose date changes from year to year according to a set of rules.

movable type movable types n
ruchoma czcionka
A system of printing and typography that uses movable components such as individual letters or punctuation to reproduce the elements of a document.

move /muːv/ moves n
przeprowadzka
The event of changing one's residence.
zagrywka
A change in strategy.
przeprowadzka ruch posunięcie
(board games) The act of moving a token on a gameboard from one position to another according to the rules of the game.

move /muːv/ v
przeprowadzać przeprowadzić
działać
(intransitive) To act; to take action; to begin to act
ruszać poruszać poruszyć ruszyć przemieszczać przemieścić
(transitive, ergative) To cause to change place or posture in any manner; to set in motion; to carry, convey, draw, or push from one place to another
atandrysować rozczulać rozczulić wzruszać wzruszyć
(transitive) To arouse the feelings or passions of; especially, to excite to tenderness or compassion, to excite (for example, an emotion).
ruszyć poruszyć
(transitive, obsolete) To mention; to raise (a question); to suggest (a course of action); to lodge (a complaint).

move heaven and earth v
poruszyć niebo i ziemię poruszać niebo i ziemię
(idiomatic) To do whatever is necessary, including extreme or unusual actions; to go to extremes.

move house v
przeprowadzać się przeprowadzić się

move in v
wprowadzać się wprowadzić się
(intransitive) To start living or working in a new place; to transport one's belongings to a new home or workplace; to make one's home or workplace into a suitable environment.

move out v
wyprowadzać się wyprowadzić się
(idiomatic, intransitive) To vacate one's place of residence or employment.

move the goalposts /ˈmuːv ðə ˈɡoʊlpoʊst/ /ˈmuːv ðə ˈɡɔʊlpəʊsts/ /ˈmuːv ðə ˈɡəʊlpəʊsts/ v
zmienić zasady gry
(idiomatic) To alter the terms of an agreement or an agreed target, or the rules of a negotiation while it is ongoing, especially in an unfair way.

move with the times v
iść z duchem czasu pójść z duchem czasu

movement /ˈmuːv.mənt/ movements n
ruch
Physical motion between points in space.
A trend in various fields or social categories, a group of people with a common ideology who try together to achieve certain general goals

movie /ˈmuːvi/ movies n
film kino
(chiefly, North America, AU) A recorded sequence of images displayed on a screen at a rate sufficiently fast to create the appearance of motion; a film.

movie star movie stars n
gwiazda filmowa gwiazda ekranu
A leading actor in a movie, especially one perceived as a celebrity.

movieholic movieholics n
kinomaniak

moving /ˈmuːvɪŋ/ more moving most moving adj
poruszający wzruszjący
Causing or evoking deep emotions.

moving target moving targets n
ruchomy cel

moving walkway moving walkways n
ruchomy chodnik
(US) A slow conveyor belt that transports people horizontally or on an incline in a similar manner to an escalator.

mow /maʊ̯/ mows n
stóg
(now, _, regional) A stack of hay, corn, beans or a barn for the storage of hay, corn, beans.

mow /moʊ/ /məʊ/ v
kosić siec skosić zżąć żąć
(transitive) To cut down grass or crops.

mozzarella /mut.sə.ˈɹɛl.ə/ /mɑt.sə.ˈɹɛl.ə/ /mɒt.sə.ˈɹɛl.ə/ /mʌt.sə.ˈɹɛl.ə/ mozzarellas mozzarelle n
mozzarella
Soft Italian cheese made from cow's or buffalo's milk and commonly used as a pizza topping and in salads etc.

mozzetta mozzettas mozzette n
mucet
A short cape worn by some Catholic clergy.

mu /mju/ /mjuː/ /muː/ mus n
mi my
The 12th letter of the Modern Greek alphabet.

much /mʊt͡ʃ/ /mʌt͡ʃ/ more most adv
bardzo
To a great extent.

much /mʊt͡ʃ/ /mʌt͡ʃ/ more most determiner
dużo wiele
A large amount of. [from 13th c.]

much ado about nothing /mʌtʃ əˈduː əˈbaʊt ˈnʌθɪŋ/ phraseologicalUnit
(robić) wiele hałasu o nic z dużej chmury mały deszcz
(idiomatic) A lot of fuss or bother about something trivial.

much good may it do someone phraseologicalUnit
oby dobro trafiło

much less conjunction
a co dopiero a tym bardziej nie mówiąc już (o)
(idiomatic) Let alone; to say nothing of.

much of a muchness phraseologicalUnit
mniej więcej to samo
(idiomatic) Of two or more things, having little difference of any significance between them.

much to be said phraseologicalUnit
wiele do powiedzenia wiele powiedzieć
Used to assert the defensibility or advisability of what follows.

mucilaginous /ˌmjuːsɪˈlædʒɪnəs/ more mucilaginous most mucilaginous adj
kleisty śluzowaty
Of, pertaining to, or resembling mucus; slimy and viscous.

muck in v
przyłączać się przyłączyć się

mucormycosis /mju.kəɹ.maɪˈkoʊ.səs/ mucormycoses n
mukormikoza mukormykoza
(pathology, mycology) Any fungal infection caused by fungi in the order Mucorales.

mucous /ˈmjuːkəs/ more mucous most mucous adj
śluzowy
Pertaining to mucus

mucous membrane mucous membranes n
błona śluzowa śluzówka
(anatomy) A membrane which secretes mucus. It forms the lining of various body passages that communicate with the air, such as the respiratory, genitourinary, and alimentary tracts including the mouth, nasal passages, vagina, and urethra.

mucus /ˈmjuːkəs/ muci mucuses n
śluz wydzielina
(physiology) A slippery secretion from the lining of the mucous membranes.

mud /mʌd/ muds n
błoto bagno
A mixture of water and soil or fine grained sediment.

mud /mʌd/ v
błocić
(transitive) To make muddy or dirty; to apply mud to (something).

mud bath mud baths n
kąpiel błotna

mud sedge mud sedges n
turzyca bagienna
A sedge of species Carex limosa.

muddily more muddily most muddily adv
błotniście

muddiness muddinesses n
błotnistość
The characteristic of being muddy.

muddy /ˈmʌdi/ muddier muddiest adj
błotnisty błocisty
Covered or splashed with, or full of, mud.

muddy /ˈmʌdi/ v
błocić ubłocić
To cover or splash (someone or something) with mud.

muddy the waters v
zaciemniać obraz
(idiom) To make something unclear and difficult to understand.

mudguard mudguards n
błotnik
A cover over the wheels of a vehicle, or a flap behind that wheel, to prevent water and mud being projected.

mudpuddle mudpuddles n
bajoro
A puddle of mud or muddy water.

mudroom mudrooms n
wiatrołap
(North America) A room used as a barrier between outdoors and indoors.

mudslide mudslides n
powódź błotna
A geological event in which viscous mud flows down an incline.

muesli /ˈmjuːsli/ /ˈmjuːzli/ mueslis n
musli muesli müsli
A breakfast dish based on uncooked rolled oats and fruit.

muezzin /muˈɛ.zɪn/ muezzins n
muezin muezzin
(Islam) The person who issues the call to prayer from one of the minarets of a mosque.

muff /mʌf/ muffs n
mufka
(historical) A piece of fur or cloth, usually with open ends, used for keeping the hands warm.

muffin /ˈmʌfɪn/ muffins n
proziak
(British) A type of flattish bun, usually cut in two horizontally, toasted and spread with butter, etc, before being eaten; an English muffin.
muffin muffinek muffinka
A cupcake-shaped baked good (for example of cornbread, banana bread, or a chocolate dough), sometimes glazed but typically without frosting, eaten especially for breakfast (in contrast to a cupcake, which is a dessert).

mug /mʌɡ/ mugs n
kubek frajer kufel
A large cup for beverages, usually having a handle and used without a saucer.A mug
gęba morda
(slang, often, derogatory) The face.
frajer
(slang, derogatory) A gullible or easily-cheated person.

muggy /ˈmʌɡi/ muggier muggiest adj
parno parny
(of the weather, air, etc.) Humid, or hot and humid.

mugwort /ˈmʌɡwɜːt/ /ˈmʌɡwɝt/ mugworts n
bylica
Any of several aromatic plants of the genus Artemisia native to Europe and Asia.
bylica pospolita
Artemisia vulgaris, traditionally used medicinally.

muhafazah muhafazahs muhafazat n
muhafaza
An administrative division in many Arab countries; a governorate or province.

muhammara n
muhammara

mujahid /mʊˈdʒɑːhɪd/ mujahideen mujahidin mujahids n
mudżahedin
(Islam) A Muslim engaging in jihad, especially armed jihad; a jihadist.

mujik /muːˈʒiːk/ /ˈmuː(d)ʒɪk/ mujiki mujiks n
mużyk
A Russian (male) peasant. [from 16th c.]

mulatto /m(j)ʊˈlætəʊ/ /muˈlɑtoʊ/ mulattoes mulattos n
Mulat Mulatka
(historical, now, sometimes, pejorative) A person of mixed black and white descent, especially a person with one black and one white parent or two mulatto parents.

mulberry /ˈmʌlbəɹi/ /ˈmʌlbɛɹi/ /ˈmʌlbɹi/ mulberries n
morwa
(countable) The fruit of this tree.

mulch /mʌlt͡ʃ/ mulches n
mulcz
(agriculture, horticulture) Any material used to cover the top layer of soil to protect, insulate, or decorate it, or to discourage weeds or retain moisture.

mulch /mʌlt͡ʃ/ v
mulczować zmulczować
(agriculture) To apply mulch.

mulching /mʌlt͡ʃɪŋ/ adj
mielący mulczujący rozdrabniający

mulching /mʌlt͡ʃɪŋ/ mulchings n
mulczowanie
(agriculture) The act of preparing/applying a mulch.

mulching mower /mʌltʃɪŋ moʊəɹ/ /mʌltʃɪŋ məʊə/ mulching mowers n
kosiarka mieląca kosiarka mulczująca
A rotary mower that cuts clippings into small pieces and redistributes them uniformly back into the lawn to act as compost.

mulct /mʌlkt/ v
ukarać grzywną
To impose such a fine or penalty.

mule /mjuːl/ mules n
muł
The generally sterile male or female hybrid offspring of a male donkey and a female horse.
(slang) A person paid to smuggle drugs.
laczek
Any shoe with an upper covering the front of the foot but without a back flap or strap, leaving the heel exposed.

mullah /ˈmʊ.lə/ /ˈmʌ.lə/ mullahs n
mułła
(Islam) A religious scholar and teacher of sharia law.

mulled wine mulled wines n
grzaniec
Red wine with spices (e.g. cinnamon sticks, cloves and ginger) served hot.

mullein /ˈmʌlɪn/ mulleins n
dziewanna knotnica
Any of a few hundred species of European and Asian plants, of the genus Verbascum, especially that majority that have yellow flowers. Some species have been introduced to other continents, where some are now seen as invasive pests. Some species, though far from all, have downy leaves, hence common names such as: "velvet plant". [from 14th c.]

mullet /ˈmʌlət/ /ˈmʌlɪt/ mullets n
cefal
A fish of the family Mullidae (order Syngnathiformes), especially the genus Mullus (the red mullets or goatfish).
czeski piłkarz
A hairstyle where the hair is kept short on the top and sides and long at the back.

multi-instrumentalist multi-instrumentalists n
multiinstrumentalista multiinstrumentalistka
A musician who plays two or more musical instruments at a professional level of proficiency.

multi-level marketing n
marketing wielopoziomowy
A sales system under which the salesperson receives a commission on his or her own sales and a smaller commission on the sales from each person he or she convinces to become a salesperson.

multi-storey adj
wielokondygnacyjny wielopiętrowy
(of a building) Having more than one storey.

multi-storey multi-storeys n
piętrowiec
A building with more than one storey.

multi-word adj
wielowyrazowy
Consisting of more than one word.

multiaspectual adj
wieloaspektowy
Relating to, or exhibiting multiple aspects.

multibillionaire multibillionaires n
multimiliarder
A person with a net worth of multiple billions, typically measured in US dollars.

multicellular adj
wielokomórkowy
(biology, of an organism) That has many cells, often differentiated in function.

multicolored /ˈmʌltɪˌkʌləd/ /ˈmʌltɪˌkʌlɚd/ more multicolored most multicolored adj
wielobarwny różnobarwny różnokolorowy wielokolorowy
(American spelling) Having multiple colors.

multicultural /ˌmʌltiˈkʌlt͡ʃəɹəl/ more multicultural most multicultural adj
wielokulturowy
Relating or pertaining to several different cultures.

multiculturalism /ˌmʌltɪˈkʌltʃəɹəˌlɪz(ə)m/ multiculturalisms n
multikulturalizm wielokulturowość
The characteristics of an organization, society, city etc. which has many different ethnic or national cultures mingling freely; political or social policies which support or encourage such coexistence. [from 20th c.]

multidimensional adj
wielowymiarowy
(mathematics) Having more than two dimensions.

multidimensionality multidimensionalities n
wielowymiarowość
The property or state of being multidimensional.

multidirectional more multidirectional most multidirectional adj
wielokierunkowy

multifunctional more multifunctional most multifunctional adj
wielofunkcyjny
Having multiple functions

multigenerational more multigenerational most multigenerational adj
wielopokoleniowy

multihour adj
kilkugodzinny wielogodzinny
Of two or more hours in duration.

multihull /ˈmʌltihʌl/ multihulls n
wielokadłubowiec
A boat with two or more hulls.

multikilometer adj
wielokilometrowy
Of more than one kilometer.

multilateral adj
wielostronny wieloboczny
Having many sides or points of view.

multilayered more multilayered most multilayered adj
wielowarstwowy wielowątkowy
Having more than one layer.

multilayeredness n
wielowarstwowość
The state or condition of being multilayered.

multilevel /ˌmal.tiˈlev.əl/ /ˌmʌl.taɪˈlɛv.əl/ /ˌmʌl.tiˈlɛv.əl/ adj
kilkustopniowy wielopoziomowy
Having several levels or floors.

multilinear more multilinear most multilinear adj
wieloliniowy
(mathematics, of a function etc) That is linear in each variable separately.

multilingual /ˌmʌltiˈlɪŋɡwəl/ more multilingual most multilingual adj
wielojęzyczny
Of, relating to, or involving multiple languages.
(of a person) Able to communicate in a number of languages.

multilingualism multilingualisms n
wielojęzyczność
the condition of being multilingual; the ability to speak multiple languages

multimillion adj
wielomilionowy
Having several millions; costing or worth many millions of dollars, pounds, euros or some other currency.

multimillionaire multimillionaires n
multimilioner
A person whose net worth is multiple million dollars, pounds, euros or some other currency.

multinational adj
wielonarodowy wielonarodowościowy
Of, or involving more than two nations (externally between countries or internally in a country).

multinational multinationals n
koncern korporacja
A multinational company.

multipack multipacks n
zgrzewka

multiparty adj
wielopartyjny
(politics) Involving several different political parties.

multiple /ˈml̩tɪpl̩/ /ˈmʌltɪpl̩/ adj
wielokrotny wieloraki złożony
Having more than one element, part, component, or function, having more than one instance, occurring more than once, usually contrary to expectations (can be followed by a singular).

multiple /ˈml̩tɪpl̩/ /ˈmʌltɪpl̩/ multiples n
wielokrotność
(mathematics) A whole number that can be divided by another number with no remainder.

multiple fruit multiple fruits n
owoc złożony
(botany) A fruit that develops from the fusion of carpels from more than one flower, as for instance, a pineapple.

multiple rocket launcher multiple rocket launchers n
wieloprowadnicowa wyrzutnia rakietowa

multiple sclerosis n
stwardnienie rozsiane
(pathology) A chronic disease of the brain and spinal cord characterized by changes in sensation, visual problems, weakness, depression, difficulties with coordination and speech, impaired mobility and disability.

multiple unit multiple units n
zespół trakcyjny
(rail transport) A train consisting of one or more self-propelled cars capable of coupling with other units of the same or similar type and still being controlled from one cab.

multiple-choice adj
wielokrotnego wyboru

multiple-choice question multiple-choice questions n
pytanie wielokrotnego wyboru
(education) A question where several answers are presented and the respondent must choose the correct one.

multipliable adj
mnożny

multiplicand /ˌmʌltəplɪˈkænd/ multiplicands n
mnożna
(arithmetic) A number that is to be multiplied by another (the multiplier).

multiplication /ˌmʌltɪplɪˈkeɪʃən/ multiplications n
mnożenie
(countable, arithmetic) A calculation involving multiplication.
The process of multiplying or increasing in number; increase.

multiplication sign multiplication signs n
symbol mnożenia znak mnożenia
(mathematics) Any symbol (in particular ×, * or ·) used to denote the operation of multiplication.

multiplication table multiplication tables n
tabliczka mnożenia
(arithmetic) A table showing the products of each of the integers from 1 to 10 (or, especially formerly, 12) with each of the integers from 1 to 10 (or 12).

multiplicative /ˈmʌltɪplɪˌkeɪtɪv/ /ˌmʌltɪˈplɪkətɪv/ adj
mnożny
Of or pertaining to multiplication.

multiplicative inverse multiplicative inverses n
odwrotność
The inverse element with respect to multiplication; the reciprocal.

multiplier /ˈmʌltɪˌplaɪəɹ/ [ˈmʌɫ.tɪ.ˌplaɪ.ə(ɹ)] [ˈmʌɫ.tɪ.ˌplaɪ.ɚ] multipliers n
mnożnik
(arithmetic) A number by which another (the multiplicand) is to be multiplied.
(grammar) An adjective indicating the number of times something is to be multiplied.

multiply /ˈmʌltɪplaɪ/ v
mnożyć pomnażać
(transitive) To increase the amount, degree or number of (something).
mnożyć
(transitive, arithmetic, with by) To perform multiplication on (a number).
(intransitive, arithmetic) To perform multiplication.
mnożyć się
(intransitive) To grow in number.
(intransitive) To breed or propagate.

multipurpose adj
wielozadaniowy
Designed or intended to fit more than one type of function or application; having multiple uses.

multireligious more multireligious most multireligious adj
wieloreligijny
Having, or being home to, multiple religions.

multistage adj
wielostopniowy
Having more than one step or phase.

multithreaded adj
wielowątkowy
(computing) Of an application program, having more than one thread of execution; thus taking advantage of multi-tasking operating systems and hardware.

multitude /ˈmʌltəˌt(j)ud/ /ˈmʌltɪtjuːd/ [-t͡ʃ-] multitudes n
bezlik mnóstwo multum
A great amount or number, often of people; abundance, myriad, profusion.

multiuser adj
wieloużytkownikowy

multiverse /ˈmʌltiːˌvɜ(ɹ)s/ /ˈmʌltəˌvɝs/ /ˈmʌltɪˌvɜːs/ multiverses n
wieloświat
(physics, cosmology) The hypothetical group of all the possible universes in existence.

mum /mʌm/ mums n
mama mamusia
(UK, Ireland, Canada, New England, South Africa, India, Singapore) Mother.

mum's the word phraseologicalUnit
ani mru-mru
(idiomatic) Indicates that something is a secret and not to be divulged.

mumble /ˈmʌmbəl/ mumbles n
mamrotanie
A quiet or unintelligible vocalization; a low tone of voice.

mumble /ˈmʌmbəl/ v
mamrotać
(transitive, intransitive) To speak unintelligibly or inaudibly; to fail to articulate.

mumbo jumbo /mʌmbəʊˈdʒʌmbəʊ/ mumbo jumbos n
trele-morele
(by extension) Any confusing or meaningless speech; nonsense, gibberish.

mummer /ˈmʌm.ə/ /ˈmʌm.ɚ/ mummers n
mim
A person who dons a disguising costume, as for a parade or a festival.
An actor in a pantomime; one who communicates entirely through gesture and facial expression.

mummification mummifications n
mumifikacja mumifikowanie
The preserving of a dead body, by making it into a mummy.

mummify v
mumifikować się
(transitive) To make into a mummy, by preserving a dead body.
mumifikować mumifikować się
(intransitive) To become a mummy.

mummy /ˈmʌmi/ mummies n
mama mamusia
(chiefly, UK, New England, usually, childish) mother.
mumia
(countable, by extension) A reanimated embalmed human corpse, as a stock character in horror films. [from 20th c.]

mumps n
świnka
(pathology) A contagious disease caused by the Mumps virus of the genus Rubulavirus, mostly occurring in childhood, which causes swelling of glands in the face and neck.

munchies /ˈmʌnt͡ʃiz/ n
gastrofaza wilczy głód
(slang, with the definite article) Hunger, especially a craving for food as a result of cannabis or alcohol consumption.

munchkin /ˈmʌnt͡ʃkɪn/ /ˈmʌnʃkɪn/ munchkins n
basałyk
(informal) A child.

mundane /mʌnˈdeɪn/ mundaner mundanest adj
przyziemny
Ordinary; not new.

mung bean /ˈmʊŋ ˌbiːn/ /ˈmʌŋ ˌbiːn/ mung beans n
fasola złota
The seed of Vigna radiata, native to South Asia.

municipal /mjuˈnɪsɪpəl/ more municipal most municipal adj
miejski municypalny
Of or pertaining to a municipality (a city or a corporation having the right of administering local government).

municipality /mjʊˌnɪsɪˈpælɪti/ municipalities n
gmina
A district with a government that typically encloses no other governed districts; a borough, city, or incorporated town or village.

munificent /mjuˈnɪfɪsn̩t/ more munificent most munificent adj
szczodry
(of a person or group) Very liberal in giving or bestowing.

munition /ˌmjuˈnɪʃən/ munitions n
uzbrojenie amunicja zaopatrzenie
(chiefly, in the plural) Materials of war: armaments, weapons and ammunition.

muntjac /ˈmʌntd͡ʒæk/ /ˈmʌntd͡ʒɑːk/ muntjacs n
mundżak
Any of various species of east Asian deer of the genus Muntiacus, having short antlers and a barking call.

muon /ˈmjuːɒn/ muons n
mion
(physics) An unstable elementary particle in the lepton family, having similar properties to the electron but with a mass 207 times greater.

mural /ˈmjɝəl/ /ˈmjʊəɹəl/ /ˈmjʊɹəl/ murals n
mural
A large painting, usually drawn on a wall.

murder /ˈmɜːdə(ɹ)/ /ˈmɝ.dɚ/ murders n
zabójstwo morderstwo
(uncountable, legal, in jurisdictions which use the felony murder rule) The act of committing or abetting a crime that results in the killing of a person, regardless of intent, and even if the committer or abettor is not the one who killed the person: felony murder.

murder /ˈmɜːdə(ɹ)/ /ˈmɝ.dɚ/ v
zamordować zabić
To kill (a person or persons) unlawfully, especially with predetermination

murderer /ˈmɜːdəɹə/ /ˈmɝdəɹɚ/ murderers murderess n
morderca zabójca morderczyni zabójczyni
A person who commits murder.

murderess /-ɹəs/ /mɜːdəˈɹɛs/ /ˈmɜːdəɹɪs/ /ˈmɜːdɹɪs/ /ˈmɝdəɹəs/ murderer murderesses n
morderczyni zabójczyni
a woman who commits murder.

murine /ˈmjʊəɹaɪn/ more murine most murine adj
mysi szczurzy
More generally, of, pertaining to, or characteristic of any rodent up to the taxonomic rank of Muroidea, most often with reference to mice and rats of the subfamily Murinae.

murmur /ˈmɜː.mə(ɹ)/ /ˈmɝ.mɚ/ murmurs n
mruczenie pomruk
(countable, uncountable) Any low, indistinct sound, like that of running water.
A muttered complaint or protest; the expression of dissatisfaction in a low muttering voice; any expression of complaint or discontent.
szmer mruczenie pomruk
(cardiology, medicine) The sound made by any condition which produces noisy, or turbulent, flow of blood through the heart.

murmur /ˈmɜː.mə(ɹ)/ /ˈmɝ.mɚ/ v
mamrotać sarkać sarknąć
(intransitive, now, _, rare) To grumble; to complain in a low, muttering voice, or express discontent at or against someone or something. [from 14th c.]
bąkać bąknąć
(intransitive) To speak or make low, indistinguishable noise; to mumble, mutter. [from 14th c.]

murmurless more murmurless most murmurless adj
bezszmerowy
(poetic) silent
uncomplaining
(medicine) without murmur

murmurlessly more murmurlessly most murmurlessly adv
bezszmerowo

murrain /ˈmʌɹɪn/ murrains n
mór pomór
(veterinary medicine, chiefly, historical) Any of several highly infectious diseases of cattle, such as anthrax, or a particular epizootic#Noun thereof.

murre /mɜː/ /mɝ/ murres n
nurzyk
Any seabird of the genus Uria in the family Alcidae (the auks).

muscat /ˈmʌskæt/ /ˈmʌskət/ muscats n
muszkat
A white grape variety; used as table grapes and for making raisins and sweet wine.
muszkat muszkatel
The muscatel wine made from these grapes.
The vine bearing this fruit.

muscatel muscatels n
muszkatel muszkat
A sweet wine made from these grapes.

muscle /ˈmʌ.sl̩/ /ˈmʌ.səl/ muscles n
mięsień muskuł
(uncountable) A contractile form of tissue which animals use to effect movement.
mięśnie mięsień
(countable) An organ composed of muscle tissue.
muskulatura
(uncountable, usually, in the plural) A well-developed physique, in which the muscles are enlarged from exercise.

muscle memory muscle memories n
pamięć ciała pamięć mięśniowa pamięć ruchowa
The physiological adaptation of the body to repetition of a specific physical activity, resulting in increased neuromuscular control when performing that activity again.

muscle shirt muscle shirts n
obcisły podkoszulek
(bodybuilding) A sleeveless shirt tailored to display the muscles of the body.

musclebound more musclebound most musclebound adj
muskularny

muscular /ˈmʌ.skjəl.ɚ/ /ˈmʌ.skjʊl.ə/ more muscular most muscular adj
mięśniowy
(relational) Of, relating to, or connected with muscles.
muskularny umięśniony
Brawny, thewy, having strength.

muscular dystrophy muscular dystrophies n
dystrofie mięśniowe
(pathology) A group of genetic diseases which cause progressive skeletal muscle weakness, defects in muscle proteins, and the death of muscle cells and tissue.

muscularity muscularities n
muskularość
(bodybuilding) The degree to which the muscles in a body part are developed.

musculature musculatures n
muskulatura
The collection of all muscles in a single body or in a single organ.

muse /mjuz/ /mjuːz/ muses n
muza
(of people) A source of inspiration.

muse /mjuz/ /mjuːz/ v
dumać
(intransitive) To become lost in thought, to ponder.
zastanawiać się
(transitive) To say (something) with due consideration or thought.

museum /mjuˈziəm/ /mjuˈzæm/ /mjuːˈziːəm/ /mjəˈziːəm/ [mjuˈzɛəm] musea museums n
muzeum
A building or institution dedicated to the acquisition, conservation, study, exhibition, and educational interpretation of objects having scientific, historical, cultural or artistic value.

mush /mʊʃ/ /mʌʃ/ mushes n
kleik papka
A somewhat liquid mess, often of food; a soft or semisolid substance.

mush /mʌʃ/ mushes n
kaszka
A food comprising cracked or rolled grains cooked in water or milk; porridge.

mushroom /ˈmʌʃˌɹuːm/ /ˈmʌʃˌɹʊm/ mushrooms n
grzyb
A fungus producing such fruiting bodies.

mushroom /ˈmʌʃˌɹuːm/ /ˈmʌʃˌɹʊm/ v
rosnąć jak grzyby po deszczu rosnąć jak na drożdżach
(intransitive, figurative) To grow quickly to a large size or rapidly increase in scope or scale.

mushroom cloud mushroom clouds n
grzyb atomowy grzyb
A large cloud of smoke, flame and debris that rises into the sky as a result of a large explosion, especially after a nuclear explosion, characterized by a long shaft rising from the ground into a much-larger or more-spread-out top, reminiscent of a mushroom in shape.

mushroomer mushroomers n
grzybiarz
One who gathers (picks or hunts) mushrooms.

mushrooming mushroomings n
grzybobranie

music /ˈmjuzɪk/ /ˈmjuːzɪk/ musics n
muzyka
A series of sounds organized in time, usually employing some combination of harmony, melody, rhythm, tempo, etc., often to convey a mood.
(figuratively) Any interesting or pleasing sounds.

music box music boxes n
pozytywka
A box that generates or plays music, particularly one using mechanical means rather than electronic, generally using a cylinder or disk containing the music.

music of the spheres n
muzyka sfer niebieskich
A continuous, glorious, harmonious set of sounds that are not audible to ordinary human beings, said in ancient and medieval Western cosmology to be produced by the movement of the celestial bodies.

music school /ˈmjuːzɪkˌskuːl/ music schools n
szkoła muzyczna
A school whose main objective is teaching music.

music video music videos n
teledysk
A short film integrating a song and imagery, produced for promotional or artistic purposes.

musical /ˈmju.zɪ.kəl/ more musical most musical adj
muzyczny
Of, belonging or relating to music, or to its performance or notation.

musical /ˈmju.zɪ.kəl/ musicals n
musical
A stage performance, show or film that involves singing, dancing and musical numbers performed by the cast as well as acting.

musical chairs n
gorące krzesła
(games) A children's game in which players circle a group of chairs. There is one chair fewer than the number of players. When someone who is not watching stops playing music, everybody sits down, and the player left without a chair is eliminated.

musical instrument musical instruments n
instrument muzyczny
A device, object, contrivance or machine used to produce musical notes or sounds.

musical scale musical scales n
skala muzyczna
A set of musical notes, typically ordered in pitch.

musically more musically most musically adv
muzycznie
In a musical manner.

musician /mjuˈzɪʃən/ musicians n
muzyk muzyczka
A composer, conductor, or performer of music; specifically, a person who sings and/or plays a musical instrument as a hobby, occupation, or profession.

musicological adj
muzykologiczny
Of or pertaining to musicology.

musicologist musicologists n
muzykolog
One who studies musicology.

musicology /mjuːzɪˈkɒlədʒi/ musicologies n
muzykologia
(music) the scholarly or scientific study of music, as in historical research, musical theory, or the physical nature of sound.

musing musings n
przemyślenie
thought, meditation, contemplation

musk /mʌsk/ musks n
piżmo
A greasy secretion with a powerful odour, produced in a glandular sac of the male musk deer and used in the manufacture of perfumes.

musk ox musk oxen n
piżmowół
An Arctic mammal, Ovibos moschatus of the Caprinae subfamily of the family Bovidae, having a thick coat and long curved horns.

musket /ˈmʌskət/ /ˈmʌskɪt/ muskets n
muszkiet
A kind of firearm formerly carried by the infantry of an army, originally fired by means of a match, or matchlock, for which several mechanical appliances (including the flintlock, and finally the percussion lock) were successively substituted; ultimately superseded by the rifle.

musketeer /ˈmʌskətə(ɹ)/ /ˈmʌskɪtə(ɹ)/ musketeers n
muszkieter
(military) A foot soldier armed with a musket.
(military) In 17th- and 18th-century France, a member of the royal household bodyguard.

muskrat /ˈmʌskɹæt/ muskrats n
piżmak
A large aquatic rodent (Ondatra zibethicus).

muslin /ˈmʌz.lɪn/ muslins n
muślin
(textile) Any of several varieties of thin cotton cloth.

muss /mʌs/ v
czochrać
(transitive) To rumple, tousle or make (something) untidy.

mussel /ˈmʌsəl/ mussels n
małż omułek
Any of several groups of bivalve shellfish with elongated, asymmetrical shells.

must /məs(t)/ /ˈmʌst/ musts n
moszcz
Fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes.

must /məs(t)/ /ˈmʌst/ v
musieć
(modal, _, auxiliary, defective) To do as a requirement; indicates that the sentence subject is required as an imperative or directive to execute the sentence predicate, with failure to do so resulting in a failure or negative consequence.

must-have adj
niezbędnik
Essential to own.

must-have must-haves n
niezbędnik
An item that one must own, or a feature that is essential to a service, etc.

mustang /ˈmʌs.tæŋ/ mustangs n
mustang
A small, hardy, naturalized (feral) horse of the North American west.

mustard /ˈmʌstəɹd/ [ˈmas.təd] [ˈmɐs.təd] [ˈmʊs.təd] [ˈmʌs.tɚd] adj
musztardowy
Of a dark yellow colour.

mustard /ˈmʌstəɹd/ [ˈmas.təd] [ˈmɐs.təd] [ˈmʊs.təd] [ˈmʌs.tɚd] mustards n
gorczyca musztarda
The leaves of the mustard plant, used as a salad.
musztardowy
Dark yellow colour, the colour of mustard.
musztarda gorczyca
The tomalley of a crab, which resembles the condiment.

mustard gas mustard gases n
gaz musztardowy iperyt siarkowy
A highly cytotoxic vesicant, C4H8Cl2S, used in World War I that is known to cause skin burns, blisters, inflammation, edema, and potentially other respiratory effects.

mustard seed mustard seeds n
ziarno gorczyca
A small, round seed of the mustard plant.

muster /ˈmʌs.tə/ /ˈmʌs.tɚ/ musters n
apel przegląd spęd
(military) An assembling or review of troops, as for parade, verification of numbers, inspection, exercise, or introduction into service. [from 15th c.]
apel zgromadzenie
An assemblage or display; a gathering, collection of people or things. [from 14th c.]
spęd
(Australia, New Zealand) A roundup of livestock for inspection, branding, drenching, shearing etc. [from 19th c.]
The sum total of an army when assembled for review and inspection; the whole number of effective men in an army.
pokaz
(obsolete) An act of showing something; a display. [15th–17th c.]
stadko
A collection of peafowl. (not a term used in zoology)
wzór
(obsolete) Something shown for imitation; a pattern. [15th–19th c.]

muster /ˈmʌs.tə/ /ˈmʌs.tɚ/ v
zbierać zebrać zwołać zwoływać
(intransitive) To be gathered together for parade, inspection, exercise, or the like (especially of a military force); to come together as parts of a force or body. [from 15th c.]

musty /ˈmʌstɪ/ mustier mustiest adj
stęchły
Having an odour or taste of mould; also (generally) , having a stale or unfresh odour or taste.

mutable /ˈmjuːtəbəl/ [ˈmjuːtəbl̩] more mutable most mutable adj
zmienny
Changeable, dynamic, evolutive; inclined to change, evolve, mutate.

mutant /ˈmju(t)n̩(t)/ /ˈmjuːtənt/ mutants n
mutant
(genetics) That has mutated, with one or more new characteristics from a mutation.

mutation /mjuˈteɪʃən/ mutations n
mutacja
Any alteration or change.
(genetics) Any heritable change of the base-pair sequence of genetic material.
(linguistics) An alteration in a particular sound of a word, especially the initial consonant, which is triggered by the word's morphological or syntactic context and not by its phonological context.

mutatis mutandis /m(j)uˌtɑtəs m(j)uˈtɑndəs/ /m(j)uːˌtɑːtɪs muːˈtandɪs/ /mjuˌteɪtəs mjuˈtændəs/ adv
mutatis mutandis toutes proportions gardées
(especially, law) with the necessary changes being made; with the necessary modifications; with such changes as are necessary to ensure congruence

mute /mjuːt/ /mɪu̯t/ muter mutest adj
niemy
Not having the power of speech; dumb. [from 15th c.]
milczący
Silent; not making a sound. [from 15th c.]
Not giving a ringing sound when struck; said of a metal.

mute swan mute swans n
łabędź niemy
A species of white plumaged swan, Cygnus olor, having a distinctive orange bill with a black tip, native to Eurasia and widely introduced elsewhere as an ornamental waterbird.

muteness mutenesses n
niemota
The characteristic of being mute.

mutinous more mutinous most mutinous adj
buntowniczy
Likely to commit mutiny.

mutiny /ˈmju.tə.ni/ /ˈmjut.ni/ mutinies n
bunt rewolta
An organized rebellion against a legally constituted authority, especially by seamen against their officers.

mutism /ˈmjuːtɪzəm/ mutisms n
mutyzm
A psychological disorder in which the sufferer cannot speak in certain situations.

muton mutons n
muton
(genetics) A unit of mutation forming part of a recon.

mutt /mʊt/ /mʌt/ mutts n
kundel mieszaniec
A mongrel dog (or sometimes cat); an animal of mixed breed or uncertain origin.

mutter /ˈmʌtə/ /ˈmʌtɚ/ mutters n
mamrotanie
A repressed or obscure utterance; an instance of muttering.

mutter /ˈmʌtə/ /ˈmʌtɚ/ v
mamrotać mruczeć bąkać bąknąć
To utter words, especially complaints or angry expressions, indistinctly or with a low voice and lips partly closed; to say under one's breath.

mutton /ˈmʌtn̩/ [ˈmʌʔn̩] muttons n
baranina
The meat of sheep used as food.

mutton dressed as lamb n
dzidzia-piernik lampucera z tyłu liceum, z przodu muzeum
(UK, derogatory) A middle-aged or elderly woman dressed in a style more suited to a young woman, especially if in a deliberate attempt to appear young.

mutual /ˈmjuːt͡ʃuəl/ more mutual most mutual adj
wzajemny
Having the same relationship, each to each other.
wzajemny obopólny
Reciprocal.
wspólny
Possessed in common.

mutual admiration society mutual admiration societies n
grupa wzajemnej adoracji klub wzajemnej adoracji kółko wzajemnej adoracji towarzystwo wzajemnej adoracji
(idiomatic, derogatory) A group of two or more people, in a workplace or other social environment, who routinely express considerable esteem and support for one another, sometimes to the point of exaggeration or pretense.

mutual assured destruction n
wzajemne zagwarantowane zniszczenie
(politics, public policy, military) The threat of massive retaliation using nuclear weapons should a potential enemy use them first, both sides being annihilated in the event of war.

mutual friend mutual friends n
wspólny przyjaciel
Someone who is a friend of two or more people, each of whom may not know each other.

mutually /-lɪ/ /-tʃwə-/ /ˈmjut͡ʃuəli/ /ˈmjuːtʃʊəli/ more mutually most mutually adv
wzajemnie
in the same way, each to the other; reciprocally
wspólnie
in a shared manner; equally; affecting all parties the same way

mutually intelligible adj
wzajemnie zrozumiały
(linguistics) Of two or more speech varieties, able to be understood by one another's speakers.

muzzle /ˈmʌzəl/ muzzles n
morda pysk ryj
The protruding part of an animal's head which includes the nose, mouth and jaws.
kaganiec
A device used to prevent an animal from biting or eating, which is worn on its snout.
wylot
(firearms) The mouth or the end for entrance or discharge of a gun, pistol etc., that the bullet emerges from.
(chiefly, Scotland) A piece of the forward end of the plow-beam by which the traces are attached.

muzzle /ˈmʌzəl/ v
nakładać kaganiec nałożyć kaganiec
(transitive, figuratively) To restrain (from speaking, expressing opinion or acting); to gag; to silence; to censor.

my /maɪ/ /mi/ /mə/ /mɪ/ determiner
mój moja
Belonging to me.

my ass interjection
dupa Jasiu srali muszki, będzie wiosna
(slang, vulgar) Indicates disapproval, disagreement, or disbelief, often with a tone of disregard, disdain, or disgust, referring to the buttocks.

my bad interjection
mea culpa moja wina mój błąd
(colloquial, idiomatic) My fault; mea culpa.

my blood type is ... phraseologicalUnit
mam grupę krwi ...
Indicates the speaker's blood type.

my car has broken down phraseologicalUnit
moje auto się zepsuło mój samochód się zepsuł zepsuł mi się samochód
(This entry is a translation hub.)

my kingdom for a horse phraseologicalUnit
królestwo za konia
The speaker is willing to sacrifice anything to obtain a seemingly unimportant item that is invaluable at a critical moment.

my name is phraseologicalUnit
mam na imię nazywam się
A common way to identify oneself.

my pleasure interjection
cała przyjemność po mojej stronie
A polite reaction to receiving thanks, meaning that the speaker enjoyed helping the listener.

my word interjection
masz babo placek nie mów
(idiomatic, AU, NZ, UK, dated, US, Canada) An expression of surprise.

mycelium /maɪˈsi.li.əm/ mycelia n
grzybnia
The vegetative part of any fungus, consisting of a mass of branching, threadlike hyphae, often underground.

myco- /maɪ.koʊ/ /maɪ.kə/ /mʌɪ.kə(ʊ)/ prefix
miko- myko-

mycology /maɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /maɪˈkɒ.lə.d͡ʒi/ n
mikologia mykologia
The study of fungi, in the wide sense.

mycorrhiza mycorrhizae mycorrhizas n
mikoryza
(ecology, botany, mycology) A plant root formed in symbiosis with a fungus; the symbiosis between the mycelium of a fungus and the roots of a plant. [from 19th c.]

mycosis /maɪˈkoʊsɪs/ mycoses n
grzybica mikoza
(disease) An infection caused by a fungus.

mycotoxin mycotoxins n
mykotoksyna
(biochemistry) Any substance, produced by a mold or fungus, that is injurious to vertebrates upon ingestion, inhalation or skin contact.

myelo- prefix
mielo-

myeloma myelomas myelomata n
szpiczak
(pathology, oncology) A malignant tumour arising from cells of the bone marrow, specifically plasma cells.

myocyte myocytes n
miocyt
(cytology) a single muscle fiber cell

myoglobin myoglobins n
mioglobina
(protein) A small globular protein, containing a heme group, that carries oxygen to muscles.

myoma /maɪˈoʊmə/ myomas myomata n
mięśniak
(pathology) A tumor composed of muscle tissue, usually benign and commonly occurring in the uterus and the esophagus.

myopathy myopathies n
miopatia
(medicine) Any of several diseases of muscle that are not caused by nerve disorders

myopic /maɪˈoʊpɪk/ /maɪˈɑpɪk/ /maɪˈɒpɪk/ more myopic most myopic adj
krótkowzroczny
Near-sighted; unable to see distant objects unaided.
Shortsighted; improvident.

myriad /ˈmɪɹi.æd/ /ˈmɪɹi.əd/ adj
nieprzebrany nieprzeliczony niezliczony
(modifying a plural noun) Great in number; innumerable, multitudinous [from 18th c.]

myriad /ˈmɪɹi.æd/ /ˈmɪɹi.əd/ myriads n
miriada
(historical) Ten thousand; 10,000 [from 16th c.]
bezlik mnóstwo masa
A countless number or multitude (of specified things) [from 16th c.]

myriagon /ˈmiɹiəɡɑn/ /ˈmɪɹɪəɡɒn/ myriagons n
10000[[kąt|-okąt]]

myrmecophagid myrmecophagids n
mrówkojad

myrmecophagous adj
mrówkożerczy mrówkożerny
feeding on ants

myrrh /mɜɹ/ [mɜː(ɹ)] [mɝ] myrrhs n
mirra mira
A red-brown resinous material, the dried sap of a tree of the species Commiphora myrrha, used as perfume, incense or medicine.

myrtle /ˈmɜːtl̩/ /ˈmɝtl̩/ [ˈmɝtɫ̩] [ˈmɝɾɫ̩] myrtles n
mirt
An evergreen shrub or small tree of the genus Myrtus, native to southern Europe and north Africa.

myself /maɪˈsɛlf/ pronoun
siebie się sobie
(reflexive pronoun) Me, as direct or indirect object the speaker as the object of a verb or preposition, when the speaker is also the subject. [from 9th c.]
Me (as the object of a verb or preposition). [from 10th c.]
sam sama
Personally, for my part; used in apposition to I, sometimes for simple emphasis and sometimes with implicit exclusion of any others performing the activity described. [from 10th c.]

mysophobia mysophobias n
mizofobia

mysterious /məˈstɪɹi.əs/ /mɪˈstɪəɹi.əs/ /mɪˈstɪɹi.əs/ more mysterious most mysterious adj
tajemniczy
Of unknown origin.
zagadkowy
Deliberately evasive or enigmatic.

mysteriously more mysteriously most mysteriously adv
tajemniczo zagadkowo
In a mysterious manner.

mysteriousness mysteriousnesses n
tajemniczość
The quality of being mysterious.

mystery /ˈmɪst(ə)ɹi/ mysteries n
tajemnica misterium
Something secret or unexplainable; an unknown.

mystery play mystery plays n
misterium
(performing arts) A medieval dramatic performance depicting events from Christian scriptures, especially events from the life of Jesus Christ.

mystic /ˈmɪstɪk/ more mystic most mystic adj
mistyczny
Of, or relating to mystics, mysticism or occult mysteries; mystical.

mystic /ˈmɪstɪk/ mystics n
mistyczka mistyk
Someone who practices mysticism.

mystical /ˈmɪstɪkl̩/ /ˈmɪstɪkəl/ more mystical most mystical adj
mistyczny
Relating to mystics or mysticism.

mysticism /ˈmɪs.tɪˌsɪz.əm̩/ mysticisms n
mistycyzm
The beliefs, ideas, or thoughts of mystics.
A doctrine of direct communication or spiritual intuition of divine truth.
A transcendental union of soul or mind with the divine reality or divinity.
Obscure thoughts and speculations.

mystify /ˈmɪstɪfaɪ/ v
zadziwiać zakłopotać
(transitive) To thoroughly confuse, befuddle, or bewilder.

myth /mɪθ/ myths n
mit
A commonly-held but false belief, a common misconception; a fictitious or imaginary person or thing; a popular conception about a real person or event which exaggerates or idealizes reality.
An invented story, theory, or concept.

mythical /ˈmɪθɪkəl/ more mythical most mythical adj
mityczny
Existing in myth.

mythological /ˌmɪθəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/ adj
mitologiczny
Of, or relating to myths or mythology.
Legendary.

mythology /mɪˈθɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /mɪˈθɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ mythologies n
mitologia
(countable, _, and, _, uncountable) The collection of myths of a people, concerning the origin of the people, history, deities, ancestors and heroes.
(countable, and, uncountable) A similar body of myths concerning an event, person or institution.

mythomania mythomanias n
mitomania
A compulsion to tell lies and exaggerate the truth.

mythomaniac /ˌmɪθəʊˈmeɪniæk/ /ˌmɪθəˈmeɪniæk/ mythomaniacs n
mitoman mitomanka
Someone who suffers from mythomania.

myxedema myxedemas n
obrzęk śluzowaty
(pathology) A form of cutaneous and dermal edema that is secondary to increased deposition of connective tissue components in subcutaneous tissue. [from 19th c.]

myxoma myxomas myxomata n
śluzak
A tumor consisting of primitive connective tissue and mucous elements.

myxomatosis /ˌmɪksəməˈtəʊsɪs/ n
miksomatoza myksomatoza
A usually fatal viral disease of rabbits, causing skin tumors.

mâche n
roszponka warzywna roszpunka warzywna
Valerianella locusta, a small dicot annual plant of the family Caprifoliaceae often cultivated as a salad green or herb.

ménage à trois /məˌnɑːʒ ɑː ˈt(ɹ)wɑː/ /məˌnɑːʒeɪ ˈt(ɹ)wɑː/ /ˌmeɪnɑːʒ ɑː ˈt(ɹ)wɑː/ /ˌmɛnɑːʒ ɑː ˈt(ɹ)wɑː/ ménages à trois n
ménage à trois

n-dimensional adj
wymiarowy
(mathematics) Having an arbitrary number of dimensions.

n/a adj
n/d nd. nie dotyczy
not applicable
niedostępny
not available

na-na na-na boo-boo /ˈnæːnəˌnæːnə ˈbuːˌbuː/ phraseologicalUnit
tere fere kuku
(North America, idiomatic, colloquial, childish, pejorative, taunt, often) A taunt or putdown, typically used to indicate that the speaker believes he or she has beaten the listener in a competition or is better in some other way or in a general sense; or an expression of satisfaction that the listener has received some supposedly deserved minor punishment or misfortune (that is to say, schadenfreude). [c. mid 20th century?]

nabob /ˈneɪbɑb/ /ˈneɪbɒb/ nabobs n
bogacz bogaczka
(by extension) Someone of great wealth or importance.

nacelle /nəˈsɛl/ nacelles n
gondola
A separate streamlined enclosure mounted on an aircraft to house, originally, an engine, and now also cargo or crew.

nacho /ˈnæt͡ʃəʊ/ /ˈnɑt͡ʃoʊ/ nachos n
nachos naczos
A single tortilla chip from a dish of nachos.

nachos /ˈnætʃəʊz/ /ˈnɑt͡ʃoʊz/ n
nachos naczos
A Mexican dish of tortilla chips, covered in melted cheese and sometimes other ingredients.

nadir /neɪˈdɪə(ɹ)/ /neɪˈdɪɚ/ /ˈneɪ.də(ɹ)/ /ˈneɪ.dɚ/ /ˈneɪˌdɪə(ɹ)/ /ˈneɪˌdɪɚ/ /ˈnæd.ɪə(ɹ)/ nadirs n
nadir
The point of the celestial sphere, directly opposite the zenith; inferior pole of the horizon; point of the celestial sphere directly under the place of observation.

nag /neɪɡ/ /nɛɡ/ /ˈnæɡ/ nags n
rosynant
An old, useless horse.

naiad /ˈnaɪæd/ /ˈnaɪəd/ /ˈneɪæd/ /ˈneɪəd/ naiades naiads n
najada
(Greek mythology) A female deity (nymph) associated with water, especially a spring, stream, or other fresh water.

nail /neɪl/ [neɪ̯ɫ] nails n
paznokieć gwóźdź
The thin, horny plate at the ends of fingers and toes on humans and some other animals.
gwóźdź paznokieć
A spike-shaped metal fastener used for joining wood or similar materials. The nail is generally driven through two or more layers of material by means of impacts from a hammer or other device. It is then held in place by friction.

nail /neɪl/ [neɪ̯ɫ] v
wbijać gwóźdź
(intransitive) To drive a nail.
(transitive, slang) To expose as a sham.
(military) To spike, as a cannon.

nail clipper nail clippers n
obcinacz do paznokci cążki do paznokci
A mechanical device used to trim fingernails and toenails.

nail file nail files n
pilniczek pilnik do paznokci
A small file made of soft metal, or a board covered with fine sandpaper, for filing and shaping one's fingernails and toenails.

nail gun nail guns n
gwoździarka
An electrically or pneumatically powered gun used to drive nails into a surface.

nail one's colours to the mast v
obnosić się ze swoimi poglądami
To clearly show one's support for a side or opinion in a dispute, often indicating an intention to defend that side to the end.

nail polish nail polishes n
lakier do paznokci
A cosmetic lacquer applied to the fingernails or toenails.

nail polish remover nail polish removers n
zmywacz do paznokci
A solvent used to remove nail polish, usually mostly acetone.

nail scissors n
nożyczki do paznokci
Small, usually curved scissors for cutting the fingernails and toenails.

naive /naɪˈiːv/ /nɑːˈiːv/ more naive most naive adj
naiwny
Lacking worldly experience, wisdom, or judgement; unsophisticated.

naked /ˈneɪkɪd/ /ˈnɛkɪd/ more naked most naked adj
nagi goły
Bare, not covered by clothing.

naked eye naked eyes n
gołe oko
Eyesight, unaided by equipment such as a telescope or microscope.

nakedness nakednesses n
nagość
The state or condition of being naked; nudity; bareness; defenselessness; undisguisedness.

naled /ˈnɑlɪd/ /ˈnɑlɪt/ naleds n
naledź
A sheet-like layered mass of ice formed in freezing temperatures from the freezing of successive flows of ground water over previously formed layers of ice.

nalivka nalivkas nalivki n
nalewka
A Slavic sweet fruit or berry liqueur

namaste /ˈnʌməsteɪ/ namastes n
namaste
The traditional greeting when saying the word namaste, with folded hands and a slight bow.

name /neɪm/ names n
imię nazwa
Any nounal word or phrase which indicates a particular person, place, class, or thing.
reputacja sława imię
Reputation.

name /neɪm/ v
nazywać nazwać
(ditransitive) To give a name to.
(transitive, Westminster system politics) To initiate a process to temporarily remove a member of parliament who is breaking the rules of conduct.
określać określić wybierać wybrać
(transitive) To mention, specify.
identyfikować wskazać
(transitive) To publicly implicate by name.
mianować wyznaczyć
(transitive) To designate for a role.

name day name days n
imieniny
The feast day of the saint after whom one is named.

nameless adj
bezimienny
Not having a name; unnamed.

namelessly more namelessly most namelessly adv
bezimiennie

namelessness namelessnesses n
bezimienność
The state or quality of being nameless.

namely /ˈneɪmli/ adv
mianowicie to znaczy
Specifically; that is to say.

namesake /ˈneɪmseɪk/ namesakes n
imiennik imienniczka
A person with the same name as another.

namesign namesigns n
migane imię

namespace /ˈneɪmspeɪs/ namespaces n
przestrzeń nazw
(programming) A conceptual space that groups classes, identifiers, etc. to avoid conflicts with items in unrelated code that have the same names.

nanny /ˈnæni/ nannies n
niania
A child's nurse.

nano- /ˈnænoʊ/ /ˈnænəʊ/ prefix
nano-
In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 10−9 (short scale billionth or long scale milliardth). Symbol: n
Derived from the nanotechnology industry.
(diminutive) Very small.

nanocluster nanoclusters n
nanoklaster
A cluster of nanoparticles

nanometre /ˈnænəˌmiːtə(ɹ)/ nanometres n
nanometr
An SI subunit of length equal to 10-9 metres. Symbol: nm

nanoparticle nanoparticles n
nanocząstka
Any microscopic particle less than about 100 nanometers (nm) in diameter.

nanophanerophyte /ˌnanə(ʊ)ˈfan(ə)ɹə(ʊ)fʌɪt/ /ˌnænoʊˈfænəɹəˌfaɪt/ nanophanerophytes n
nanofanerofit
(biology) Any phanerophyte between about 10 and 80 inches in height

nanopowder nanopowders n
nanoproszek
An agglomerate of ultrafine particles, nanoparticles, or nanoclusters.

nanoscale nanoscales n
nanoskala
The scale of nanotechnology.

nanosecond nanoseconds n
nanosekunda
(metrology) An SI unit of time equal to 10−9 seconds. Symbol: ns

nanotechnology nanotechnologies n
nanotechnologia
The science and technology of creating nanoparticles and of manufacturing machines which have sizes within the range of nanometres (1–100 nm).

nanotube nanotubes n
nanorurka
(chemistry) Shortening of carbon nanotube; A carbon molecule, in the shape of a tube, having a fullerene structure and a diameter of about 1 or 2 nanometers.

nanowire nanowires n
nanodrut
(physics) A wire whose width is of the order of nanometers.

nap /nap/ /næp/ naps n
drzemka

nap /nap/ /næp/ v
drzemać
To have a nap; to sleep for a short period of time, especially during the day.

napa cabbage napa cabbages n
kapusta pekińska
A species of Chinese cabbage, Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis, commonly used as an ingredient in East-Asian cuisines.

nape /neɪp/ napes n
kark
The back part of the neck.

napkin /ˈnæp.kɪn/ napkins n
serwetka
A serviette; a (usually rectangular) piece of cloth or paper used at the table for wiping the mouth and hands for cleanliness while eating.

napkin ring napkin rings n
pierścień na serwetę
A ring for holding napkins along with cutlery.

napoleon /nəˈpoʊli.ən/ /nəˈpoʊljn/ /nəˈpoʊljən/ /nəˈpəʊlɪən/ napoleons n
napoleon napoleondor
(historical, _, numismatics, slang) The franc germinal: a 20-franc gold coin issued under Napoleon I of France.

narc /nɑːk/ /nɑːɹk/ narcs n
policjant z wydziału antynarkotykowego
(informal, colloquial, drugs) A police officer or federal agent assigned to or engaging in illegal narcotics control.

narcissism /ˈnɑɹsəˌsɪzm/ /ˈnɑːsəˌsɪzm/ narcissisms n
narcyzm
Excessive love of oneself.

narcissist narcissists n
narcysta narcystka narcyz
(psychology) One who shows extreme love and admiration for themselves.
(colloquial) An egoist; a person full of egoism and pride.

narcissistic /ˌnɑɹ.sɪˈsɪs.tɪk/ /ˌnɑː.sɪˈsɪs.tɪk/ more narcissistic most narcissistic adj
narcystyczny
Having an inflated idea of one's own importance.
Obsessed with one's own self image and ego.

narcissistically more narcissistically most narcissistically adv
narcystycznie
In a narcissistic manner

narcissus /nɑɹˈsɪsəs/ narcissi narcissuses n
narcyz
Any of several bulbous flowering plants, of the genus Narcissus, having white or yellow cup- or trumpet-shaped flowers, notably the daffodil

narcolepsy /ˈnɑː(ɹ)kəˌlɛpsi/ narcolepsies n
narkolepsja
(pathology) A disorder characterized by sudden and uncontrollable attacks of deep sleep, often brief, sometimes accompanied by paralysis and hallucinations

narcoleptic narcoleptics n
narkoleptyczka narkoleptyk
One who suffers from narcolepsy ("a disorder characterized by sudden and uncontrollable attacks of deep sleep").

narcomania n
narkomania
A pathological craving for or addiction to narcotics or alcohol.

narcotic /nɑː(ɹ)ˈkɒtɪk/ more narcotic most narcotic adj
narkotyczny
Of, or relating to narcotics.

narcotic /nɑː(ɹ)ˈkɒtɪk/ narcotics n
narkotyk
(pharmaceutical drug) Any substance or drug that reduces pain, induces sleep and may alter mood or behaviour; in some contexts, especially in reference to the opiates-and-opioids class, especially in reference to illegal drugs, and often both.

narrate /nəˈɹeɪt/ /nəˈɹæɪt/ /ˈnæɹeɪt/ /ˈnɛɹ.eɪt/ v
opowiadać opowiedzieć
(transitive) To relate (a story or series of events) in speech or writing.

narration /nəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ /nəˈɹæɪ.ʃən/ /nɛɹˈeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌnæɹˈeɪ.ʃən/ [nəˈɹeɪ.ʃn̩] [nəˈɹæɪ.ʃn̩] [nɛɹˈeɪ.ʃn̩] [ˌnæɹˈeɪ.ʃn̩] narrations n
narracja opowiadanie opowieść
That which is narrated or recounted; an orderly recital of the details and particulars of some transaction or event, or of a series of transactions or events; a story or narrative.

narrative /ˈnæɹətɪv/ /ˈnɛɹətɪv/ narratives n
narracja
The systematic recitation of an event or series of events.
relacja
A representation of an event or story in a way to promote a certain point of view.

narratology narratologies n
narratologia
The study of narrative structure.

narrator /-nəˈɹeɪtɚ/ /-ɹətɚ/ /nəˈɹeɪtə/ /ˈnæˌɹeɪtɚ/ [-ɾɚ] narrators n
narrator baj narratorka
(narratology) The person or the "voice" whose viewpoint is used in telling a story.

narrow /ˈnæɹoʊ/ /ˈnæɹəʊ/ /ˈnɛ(ə)ɹoʊ/ narrower narrowest adj
wąski cienki
Having a small width; not wide; having opposite edges or sides that are close, especially by comparison to length or depth.

narrow /ˈnæɹoʊ/ /ˈnæɹəʊ/ /ˈnɛ(ə)ɹoʊ/ v
zwęzić zwężać zawęzić zawężać
(transitive) To reduce in width or extent; to contract.
zawęzić się zawężać się zwęzić się zwężać się
(intransitive) To get narrower.

narrow escape /-ɛˈskeɪp/ /ˌnæɹoʊ əˈskeɪp/ /ˌnæɹəʊ ɪˈskeɪp/ narrow escapes n
uniknięcie o mały włos
A situation in which some danger or unfortunate circumstance is only just avoided.

narrow gauge narrow gauges n
kolej wąskotorowa
(rail transport) A track gauge less than standard gauge.

narrow-gauge adj
wąskotorowy
(rail) Relating to narrow gauge or having a narrow gauge.

narrowly /ˈnæɹoʊli/ /ˈnæɹəʊli/ /ˈnɛɹoʊli/ more narrowly most narrowly adv
wąsko
Closely; by a narrow margin.

narsharab n
narszarab

narthex /ˈnɑɹθɛks/ /ˈnɑːθɛks/ narthexes narthices n
narteks
(architecture) A western vestibule leading to the nave in some Christian churches.

narwhal /ˈnɑɹwɔl/ /ˈnɑɹwəl/ /ˈnɑɹʍɑl/ /ˈnɑɹʍɔl/ /ˈnɑɹʍəl/ /ˈnɑɹˌweɪl/ /ˈnɑɹˌʍeɪl/ /ˈnɑːwəl/ /ˈnɑːʍəl/ /ˈnɑːˌweɪl/ /ˈnɑːˌʍeɪl/ narwhal narwhals n
narwal jednorożec
Monodon monoceros, an Arctic cetacean that grows to about 20 feet (6 meters) long, the male having a single horn-like tusk, a twisted, pointed canine tooth that projects forward.

nary /ˈnɛəɹi/ adj
ani

nasal /ˈneɪ.zəl/ more nasal most nasal adj
nosowy
(anatomy, relational) Of or pertaining to the nose or to the nasion.
(phonetics) Having a sound imparted by means of the nose; and specifically, made by lowering the soft palate, in some cases with closure of the oral passage, the voice thus issuing (wholly or partially) through the nose, as in the consonants m, n, ng.

nasal cavity nasal cavities n
jama nosowa
(anatomy) In higher vertebrates, a large air-filled space above and behind the nose in the middle of the face.

nasal septum nasal septa nasal septums n
przegroda nosowa
(anatomy) A bony and cartilaginous partition in the nose, separating the left and right airways in the nose and dividing the two nostrils.

nasal vowel nasal vowels n
samogłoska nosowa nosówka
(phonetics) A vowel that is produced with a lowering of the velum so that air escapes both through nose as well as the mouth.

nasalization nasalizations n
nazalizacja
(phonetics, uncountable) the articulation of a vowel or continuant consonant in such a way that air flows through the nose at the same time as it flows through the mouth

nascent /ˈneɪ.sənt/ /ˈnæs.ənt/ adj
powstający rodzący się
Emerging; just coming into existence.

nastoyka nastoykas nastoyki n
nalewka
A Slavic liqueur containing an infusion of herbs and/or fruits in brandy or similar spirit

nasturtium /nasˈtɜːʃəm/ /næsˈtɝʃəm/ /nəsˈtɜːʃəm/ /nəsˈtɝʃəm/ nasturtia nasturtiums n
nasturcja
The popular name of any of the plants in the Tropaeolum genus of flowering plants native to south and central America.

nation /ˈneɪ̯.ʃən/ /ˈneɪ̯.ʃɪn/ nations n
naród nacja
(collective) A historically constituted, stable community of people, formed based on a common language, territory, economic life, ethnicity and/or psychological make-up manifested in a common culture.
nacja stan
(international, _, legal, metonymically) A sovereign state; (loosely, metonymically, proscribed) a country.

nation-building n
budowa narodu
(political science) Unifying the people or peoples within a state so that it remains politically stable and viable in the long run.

nation-state nation-states n
państwo narodowe
(government, politics) A political entity (a state) associated with a particular cultural entity (a nation) and a sovereign territorial unit.

national /ˈnaʃn(ə)l/ /ˈnaʃn̩(ə)l/ /ˈnæʃn(ə)l/ /ˈnæʃən(ə)l/ more national most national adj
narodowy
Pertaining to a nation or country, especially as a whole; affecting, shared by, or existing throughout all of a nation. [from 16th c.]

national anthem national anthems n
hymn narodowy
(nonstandard) The official song of a constituent state of a country.

national average national averages n
średnia krajowa
The average value for something across a particular nation.

national emblem national emblems n
godło godło państwowe
The official emblem that represents a nation.

national interest national interests n
racja stanu
(politics) An economic, military, or cultural goal of a country.

national park national parks n
park narodowy
An area of land that is not built upon, but reserved by the national government for conservation of nature and usually also for recreational use.

nationalisation nationalisations n
nacjonalizacja
The act of taking formerly private assets into public or state ownership.

nationalism /ˈnæʃənəlɪzəm/ nationalisms n
nacjonalizm
Patriotism; the idea of supporting one's country, people or culture.
(UK, Ireland) Support for the union of Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.

nationalist /ˈnæʃ.nə.lɪst/ /ˈnæʃ.ə.lɪst/ /ˈnæʃ.ə.nə.lɪst/ more nationalist most nationalist adj
nacjonalistyczny
Of or relating to nationalism.

nationalist /ˈnæʃ.nə.lɪst/ /ˈnæʃ.ə.lɪst/ /ˈnæʃ.ə.nə.lɪst/ nationalists n
nacjonalista nacjonalistka
An advocate of nationalism.

nationalitarian nationalitarians n
narodowościowy

nationality /-ˈnæl.ti/ /-ˈnæl.ə.ti/ /ˌnæʃ.əˈnæl.ɪ.ti/ /ˌnæʃ.ˈnæl.ɪ.ti/ nationalities n
narodowość obywatelstwo
National origin or identity; legal membership of a particular nation or state, by origin, birth, naturalization, ownership, allegiance or otherwise. [from 18th c.]

nationalize /ˈnæʃənəlaɪz/ v
nacjonalizować upaństwawiać unaradawiać unarodowić upaństwowić znacjonalizować
(archaic) To make national; to make a nation of; to endow with the character and habits of a nation, or the peculiar sentiments and attachment of citizens of a nation.

nationwide /ˌneɪ.ʃənˈwaɪd/ adj
ogólnonarodowy
Extending throughout an entire nation.

native /ˈneɪtəv/ /ˈneɪtɪv/ more native most native adj
rodzimy ojczysty
Belonging to one by birth.
rdzenny tubylczy
Characteristic of or relating to people inhabiting a region from prehistoric times.
natywny
(computing, of software) Pertaining to the system or architecture in question.

native /ˈneɪtəv/ /ˈneɪtɪv/ natives n
autochton tubylec
A person who is native to a place; a person who was born in a place.

native speaker native speakers n
native speaker native speakerka rodzima użytkowniczka języka rodzimy użytkownik języka nosiciel języka rodowita użytkowniczka języka
(linguistics) A person who grew up with a particular language as their mother tongue.

nativity /neɪˈtɪvɪti/ /nəˈtɪvɪti/ nativities n
narodzenie
(now, _, dated) Someone's birth; the place, time and circumstances of a birth. [from 14th c.]

nativity play nativity plays n
jasełka szopka
(Christianity) A dramatic depiction of the story of the birth of Jesus Christ, commonly performed by children in churches and in Christian schools during the Christmas season.

nativity scene nativity scenes n
betlejka szopka żłóbek stajenka
(Christianity) A depiction—which may be pictorial, dramatic, or by means of figurines—of the birth of Jesus Christ in a manger, as described in the New Testament account.

natural /ˈnæt͡ʃ(ə)ɹəl/ more natural most natural adj
naturalny
Normally associated with a particular person or thing; inherently related to the nature of a thing or creature. [from 14th c.]
Containing no artificial or man-made additives; especially (of food) containing no colourings, flavourings or preservatives. [from 19th c.]
naturalny oczywisty
As expected; reasonable, normal; naturally arising from the given circumstances. [from 14th c.]

natural disaster natural disasters n
klęska żywiołowa kataklizm katastrofa naturalna
Any natural phenomenon that causes great damage and loss of life.
stan klęski żywiołowej
The emergency situation that is the consequence of such an event.

natural gas natural gases n
gaz ziemny
A mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons associated with petroleum deposits; mostly methane with smaller amounts of ethane, propane and butane; principally used as a fuel.

natural history natural histories n
historia naturalna
The study of all living things, especially their origins, evolution and interrelationships.

natural language natural languages n
język naturalny
(retronym, linguistics) Any human language that has evolved naturally in a community, usually in contrast to computer programming languages, to controlled natural languages, and to constructed languages such as Esperanto (although constructed languages are subject to change by natural forces among fluent speakers).

natural logarithm natural logarithms n
logarytm naturalny
(mathematics) The logarithm in base e: either the function that given x returns y such that ey = x, or the value of y given by the function.

natural number natural numbers n
liczba naturalna
(mathematics) a positive integer {1, 2, 3, ...}
(mathematics) a non-negative integer {0, 1, 2, ...}

natural person natural people natural persons n
osoba fizyczna
(legal) A human being, as opposed to an organization.

natural resource natural resources n
zasób naturalny
Any source of wealth that occurs naturally, especially minerals, fossil fuels, timber, etc.

natural science natural sciences n
nauka przyrodnicza przyrodoznawstwo
Any science involved in studying phenomena or laws of the physical world: physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy, and so on.

natural selection n
dobór naturalny selekcja naturalna
(evolutionary theory) A process by which heritable traits conferring survival and reproductive advantage to individuals, or related individuals, tend to be passed on to succeeding generations and become more frequent in a population, whereas other less favourable traits tend to become eliminated; the differential survival and reproduction of phenotypes.

naturalism naturalisms n
naturalizm
A state of nature; conformity to nature.

naturalization naturalizations n
naturalizacja
The action of naturalizing somebody; act of granting citizenship.

naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ(ə)ɹəli/ more naturally most naturally adv
naturalnie
In a natural manner.
Inherently or by nature.
Surely or without any doubt.

nature /ˈneɪ.tʃə/ /ˈneɪ.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈnæe.tʃə/ /ˈnæɪ̯.tʃə/ /ˈnɛː.tʃɐ/ [ˈnæetʃə] [ˈnɐetʃə] natures n
przyroda natura
(uncountable, often, _, capitalized) The way things are, the totality of all things in the physical universe and their order, especially the physical world in contrast to spiritual realms and flora and fauna as distinct from human conventions, art, and technology.
natura charakter specyfika
The essential or innate characteristics of a person or thing which will always tend to manifest, especially in contrast to specific contexts, reason, religious duty, upbringing, and personal pretense or effort.

nature calls phraseologicalUnit
natura wzywa
(euphemistic, idiom, personification) Used to indicate that someone (usually the speaker) feels a need to urinate or defecate.

nature of the beast n
natura sprawy
(idiom, with "the") The unchangeable nature of something.

nature reserve nature reserves n
rezerwat przyrody
An area of land managed to conserve wildlife or plant habitat or other natural features.

naughty /ˈnɑɾi/ /ˈnɔɾi/ /ˈnɔːti/ naughtier naughtiest adj
niegrzeczny nieposłuszny psotny
Mischievous; tending to misbehave or act badly (especially of a child). [from 17th c.]

nausea /ˈnɑsi.ə/ /ˈnɑzi.ə/ /ˈnɑʃə/ /ˈnɑʒə/ /ˈnɔsi.ə/ /ˈnɔzi.ə/ /ˈnɔʃə/ /ˈnɔʒə/ /ˈnɔːsɪə/ /ˈnɔːzɪə/ nauseae nauseas nauseæ n
mdłości nudności
A feeling of illness or discomfort in the digestive system, usually characterized by a strong urge to vomit.
obrzydzenie wstręt
Strong dislike or disgust.

nauseous /ˈnɑːʃəs/ /ˈnɑːʒəs/ /ˈnɔːsiːəs/ /ˈnɔːziːəs/ /ˈnɔːʃəs/ /ˈnɔːʒəs/ more nauseous most nauseous adj
mający mdłości mający nudności
(proscribed) Afflicted with nausea; sick. [from 19th c.]

nautical /ˈnoː.tɪ.kəl/ /ˈnɑ.tɪ.kəl/ /ˈnɔ.tɪ.kəl/ /ˈnɔː.tɪ.kəl/ [ˈnoː.ɾɪ.kl̩] [ˈnɑ.ɾɪ.kl̩] [ˈnɔ.ɾɪ.kl̩] [ˈnɔː.tɪ.kl̩] more nautical most nautical adj
żeglarski morski
Relating to or involving ships or shipping or navigation or seamen.

naval mine naval mines n
mina morska
(military) An explosive device placed in the water and intended to destroy or deter vessels.

navalism navalisms n
militaryzm
naval militarism

nave /neɪv/ naves n
nawa nawa główna
(architecture) The middle or body of a church, extending from the transepts to the principal entrances.
piasta
A hub of a wheel.

navel /ˈneɪbəl/ /ˈneɪvəl/ navels n
pępek
(anatomy) The indentation or bump remaining in the abdomen of mammals where the umbilical cord was attached before birth.

navigability navigabilities n
spławność żeglowność
The state of being navigable.

navigable /ˈnævɪɡəbəl/ more navigable most navigable adj
żeglowny pławny
(of a body of water) Capable of being navigated; deep enough and wide enough to afford passage to vessels.

navigation /nævɪˈɡeɪʃən/ navigations n
nawigacja
(uncountable) The theory, practice and technology of charting a course for a road vehicle, ship, aircraft, or spaceship.
(uncountable) Traffic or travel by vessel, especially commercial shipping.

navigator navigators n
nawigator
A person who navigates, especially an officer with that responsibility on a ship or an aircrew member with that responsibility on an aircraft.

navvy /ˈnævi/ navvies n
kopacz
(chiefly, _, UK, historical) A laborer on a civil engineering project such as a canal or railroad.

navy /ˈneɪvi/ more navy most navy adj
granatowy
(color) Having the dark blue colour of navy blue.

navy /ˈneɪvi/ navies n
marynarka
(countable) A country's entire maritime military force, including ships and personnel.
marynarka wojenna
(countable) A governmental department in charge of a country's maritime military force.
granat
(color, countable, and, uncountable) A dark blue colour, usually called navy blue.

navy blue navy blues n
granat
A dark blue color.

nay /neɪ/ adv
ba
(now, archaic, or, jocular) Or rather, or should I say; moreover (introducing a stronger and more appropriate expression than the preceding one). [from 16th c.]

naïveté /nɑˌiːvəˈteɪ/ /nɑˌiːvˈteɪ/ naïvetés n
naiwność
Lack of sophistication, experience, judgement or worldliness; artlessness; gullibility; credulity.

near /nɛə/ /nɪə(ɹ)/ /nɪə/ /nɪɚ/ [nɪː] nearer nearest adj
bliski
Physically close.
Close in time.

near /nɛə/ /nɪə(ɹ)/ /nɪə/ /nɪɚ/ [nɪː] nearer nearest adv
blisko
At or towards a position close in space or time.

near /nɛə/ /nɪə(ɹ)/ /nɪə/ /nɪɚ/ [nɪː] preposition
blisko
Physically close to, in close proximity to.

near post near posts n
słupek bliski
(soccer, idiomatic) The goalpost nearest from which a cross is made.

near-synonym near-synonyms n
bliskoznacznik
(linguistics) A term whose meaning is similar, but not identical, to that of another term.

nearby /ˌnɪə(ɹ)ˈbaɪ/ more nearby most nearby adv
blisko
next to, close to

nearly /ˈniːɹli/ /ˈnɪəli/ /ˈnɪɹli/ more nearly most nearly nearlier nearliest adv
prawie bez mała blisko
In close approximation; almost, virtually. [from 17th c.]

nearsightedness nearsightednesses n
krótkowzroczność
The property of being nearsighted, myopia.

neat /ˈniːt/ neater neatest adj
fajny
(North American, colloquial) Good, excellent, desirable.

neat freak neat freaks n
czyścioch pedant pedantka
(US, informal) A person obsessed with tidiness or cleanliness.

nebula /ˈnɛbjʊlə/ nebulae nebulas nebulæ n
mgławica
(astronomy) A cloud in outer space consisting of gas or dust (e.g. a cloud formed after a star explodes).

nebulous /ˈnɛbjʊləs/ more nebulous most nebulous adj
mgławicowy
Relating to a nebula or nebulae.

nebulously /ˈnɛb.jʊ.ləs.li/ more nebulously most nebulously adv
mgliście
In a manner like that of a cloud or haze.
As if viewed through a cloud or haze.
Vaguely, without clear purpose or specific intention.

necessarily /ˈnɛs.ə.sə.ɹɪ.li/ /ˈnɛs.ə.sɛɹ.li/ /ˌnes.əˈseɹ.li/ /ˌnes.əˈseɹ.ə.li/ /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/ more necessarily most necessarily adv
koniecznie
Inevitably; of necessity.

necessary /ˈnɛsəsɹi/ /ˈnɛsəɹi/ /ˈnɛsəˌsɛɹi/ more necessary most necessary necessarier necessariest adj
potrzebny konieczny
Required, essential, whether logically inescapable or needed in order to achieve a desired result or avoid some penalty.

necessary condition necessary conditions n
warunek konieczny
(logic) A statement Q in relation to statement P such that P implies Q.

necessary evil necessary evils n
zło konieczne
(idiomatic) An unfavorable thing that must be done or accepted, especially because the available alternative courses of action or inaction would be worse.

necessitate /nəˈsɛsəˌteɪt/ /nɪˈsɛsɪteɪt/ v
wymagać
(transitive) To make necessary; to behove; to require (something) to be brought about. [from early 17th c.]

necessity /nɪˈsɛsəti/ necessities n
potrzeba konieczność artykuł pierwszej potrzeby
The quality or state of being necessary, unavoidable, or absolutely requisite.
artykuł pierwszej potrzeby
Something necessary; a requisite; something indispensable.
Something which makes an act or an event unavoidable; an irresistible force; overruling power.

necessity is the mother of invention proverb
potrzeba jest matką wynalazków
A person who is in great need of something will find a way to obtain it.

necessity knows no law proverb
tonący brzytwy się chwyta
A person who is in great need of something will find a way to obtain it, and violate the law if needed.

neck /nɛk/ necks n
szyja kark
(anatomy) The part of the body connecting the head and the trunk found in humans and some animals.
kołnierz
The part of a shirt, dress etc., which fits a person's neck.
szyjka szyja
The tapered part of a bottle toward the opening.
gryf szyja
(music) The extension of any stringed instrument on which a fingerboard is mounted

neck and neck phraseologicalUnit
łeb w łeb
very close in progress, as in a race or contest

neckbrace neckbraces n
kołnierz ortopedyczny
(emergency medicine) An orthopedic device used to support the neck and head of those with neck or head injuries.

neckerchief /ˈnɛkə(ɹ)tʃiːf/ /ˈnɛkə(ɹ)tʃɪf/ neckerchiefs neckerchieves n
apaszka
A scarf that is worn looped or tied around the neck.

necklace /ˈnɛkləs/ /ˈnɛklɪs/ necklaces n
naszyjnik
An article of jewelry that is worn around the neck, most often made of a string of precious metal, pearls, gems, beads or shells, and sometimes having a pendant attached.

neckless /ˈnɛklɪs/ adj
bezszyjny
Without a neck.

necktie /ˈnɛk.taɪ/ neckties n
krawat
A strip of cloth worn around the neck and tied in the front. See also bowtie.

necro- /ˈnɛk.ɹəʊ/ prefix
nekro-
death or dead tissue.

necromancer /ˈnɛkɹə(ʊ)ˌmænsə/ /ˈnɛkɹəˌmænsɚ/ necromancers n
nekromanta
A person who practices or performs necromancy.

necromancy /ˈnɛkɹəˌmænsi/ necromancies n
nekromancja
Loosely, any sorcery or witchcraft, especially involving death or the dead, particularly sorcery involving raising or reanimating the dead.

necrophage necrophages n
nekrofag
An organism that eats dead or decaying flesh.

necrophagous /nɛˈkɹɑ.fə.ɡəs/ /nɛˈkɹɒf.ə.ɡəs/ adj
padlinożerny trupożerny
That eats dead or decaying animal flesh.

necrophilia /nɛkɹoʊˈfɪli.ə/ /nɛkɹoʊˈfɪljə/ /ˌnɛkɹə(ʊ)ˈfɪlɪə/ necrophilias n
nekrofilia
(sexuality) A pathological attraction to dead bodies, especially sexual attraction or intercourse.

necropolis /nə-/ /nɛˈkɹɑpələs/ /nɛˈkɹɒplɪs/ /nɛˈkɹɒpəlɪs/ /nɪ-/ necropoleis necropoles necropoli necropolises n
nekropola nekropolia
(chiefly, historical, also, figuratively) A cemetery; especially a large one in or near a city.

necrosis necroses n
martwica nekroza
(pathology) The localized death of cells or tissues through injury, disease, or the interruption of blood supply.

necrotizing fasciitis n
martwicze zapalenie powięzi
A severe, fast-spreading infection that results in the death of the body's soft tissue.

nectar /ˈnɛk.tə/ /ˈnɛk.təɹ/ nectars n
nektar
(chiefly, _, mythology) The drink of the gods. [from 16th c.]
(by extension) Any delicious drink, now especially a type of sweetened fruit juice. [from 16th c.]
(botany) The sweet liquid secreted by flowers to attract pollinating insects and birds. [from 17th c.]

nectarine /ˈnɛk.tə.ɹiːn/ nectarines n
nektaryna nektarynka
A cultivar of the peach with smooth rather than fuzzy skin.
(obsolete) A nectar-like liquid medicine.

nectary nectaries n
miodnik nektarium
(botany) A gland that secretes nectar

neddicky neddickies neddickys n
chwastówka piskliwa
A species of passerine bird, Cisticola fulvicapilla, found in central and southern Africa.

neddy /ˈnɛdi/ neddies n
osioł
A donkey or ass.
koń koń wyścigowy
(UK, Australia, slang) A horse, especially a racehorse.
dureń głupek
An idiot; a stupid or contemptible person.

need /nid/ /niːd/ [nɪi̯d] needs n
potrzeba
(countable, and, uncountable) A requirement for something; something needed.
Lack of means of subsistence; poverty; indigence; destitution.

need /nid/ /niːd/ [nɪi̯d] v
potrzebować
(transitive) To have an absolute requirement for.
(transitive) To want strongly; to feel that one must have something.

needle /ˈniː.dəl/ needles n
igła drut wskazówka
A long, thin, sharp implement usually for piercing as in sewing, embroidery, acupuncture, tattooing, body piercing, medical injections, sutures, etc; or a blunt but otherwise similar implement used for forming loops or knots in crafts such as darning, knitting, tatting, etc.
igła
(informal) A sensor for playing phonograph records, a phonograph stylus.
(entomology) Any of various species of damselfly of the genus Synlestes, endemic to Australia.

needle /ˈniː.dəl/ v
drażnić
(transitive) To tease in order to provoke; to poke fun at.

needle furze n
janowiec angielski
Genista anglica, a shrubby flowering plant of the family Fabaceae.

needle gun needle guns n
iglicowy karabin karabin iglicowy
(historical) A firearm that has a needle-like firing pin.

needle in a haystack needles in a haystack needles in haystacks n
igła w stogu siana
(idiomatic) Something that is difficult or impossible to locate.

needlecase needlecases n
igielnik
A case in which needles are kept.

needless /ˈniːdləs/ more needless most needless adj
niepotrzebny zbyteczny
Not needed; unnecessary.

needless to say adv
jasna rzecz rzecz jasna wiadomo
(idiomatic) Clearly, obviously.

needy /ˈniːdi/ needier neediest adj
potrzebujący biedujący
In need; poor.

negate /nɪˈɡeɪt/ v
negować zaprzeczać zanegować zaprzeczyć
To deny the existence, evidence, or truth of; to contradict.

negation /nəˈɡeɪʃən/ negations n
negowanie zaprzeczenie negacja zaprzeczanie
(uncountable) The act of negating something.
odmowa
(countable) A denial or contradiction.
negacja
(logic) The logical operation which obtains such (negated) propositions.

negative /-ɾɪv/ /ˈnɛ(e)ɡəˌɾɪv/ /ˈnɛɡətɪv/ more negative most negative adj
negatywny ujemny
Not positive nor neutral.
ujemny negatyw
(physics) Of electrical charge of an electron and related particles [from the 18th c.]
(mathematics) Of a number: less than zero
negatywny negatyw
(linguistics, logic) Denying a proposition.
negatywny
Damaging; undesirable; unfavourable.
(often used pejoratively) Pessimistic; not tending to see the bright side of things.
negatywowy
Of or relating to a photographic image in which the colours of the original, and the relations of left and right, are reversed.

negative /-ɾɪv/ /ˈnɛ(e)ɡəˌɾɪv/ /ˈnɛɡətɪv/ negatives n
negatyw
(photography) An image in which dark areas represent light ones, and the converse. [from 19th c.]
zaprzeczenie
(grammar) A word that indicates negation.

negative number negative numbers n
liczba ujemna
(This entry is a translation hub.)

negatively more negatively most negatively adv
negatywnie
In a negative manner; so as to be damaging or not positive.

neglect /nɪˈɡlɛkt/ v
zaniedbywać zaniedbać
(transitive) To fail to care for or attend to something.
(transitive) To omit to notice; to forbear to treat with attention or respect; to slight.

neglectful more neglectful most neglectful adj
niedbały
Tending to neglect; failing to take care of matters which require attention.

negligently more negligently most negligently adv
niedbale
In a negligent manner: carelessly or inattentively.

negligible /ˈnɛɡlɪd͡ʒɪbəl/ more negligible most negligible adj
nieistotny
Able to be neglected, ignored or excluded from consideration; too small or unimportant to be of concern.

negotiable /nɪˈɡoʊʃəbəl/ /nɪˈɡəʉʃəbəl/ /nɪˈɡəʊʃəbəl/ more negotiable most negotiable adj
negocjowalny
Open to negotiation or bargaining.

negotiable instrument negotiable instruments n
dokument zbywalny
(legal, banking, business) a legal document, as a cheque or bill of exchange, that is freely negotiable.

negotiate /nəˈɡoʊ.ʃi.eɪt/ /nəˈɡəʊ.ʃi.eɪt/ /nɪˈɡoʊ.ʃi.eɪt/ /nɪˈɡəʉ.si.æɪt/ /nɪˈɡəʉ.ʃi.æɪt/ /nɪˈɡəʊ.si.eɪt/ v
negocjować
(intransitive) To confer with others in order to come to terms or reach an agreement.
uzgodnić wynegocjować
(transitive) To arrange or settle something by mutual agreement.
pokonać pokonywać
(transitive) To succeed in coping with, or getting over something.

negotiation /nəˌɡoʊ.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən/ /nɪˌɡoʊ.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən/ /nɪˌɡəʊ.siˈeɪ.ʃən/ /nɪˌɡəʊ.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən/ negotiations n
negocjacje negocjacja
The process of achieving agreement through discussion.

negress /ˈniːɡɹɪs/ negresses n
murzynka
(dated, literary, now, offensive, and, an, _) A black female.

negro /ˈniɡɹoʊ/ /ˈniːɡɹəʊ/ /ˈnɪɡɹə/ negroes negros n
murzyn murzynka
(dated, now, offensive) A person of Black African ancestry.

negroni /nəˈɡɹoʊni/ /nɪˈɡɹəʊnɪ/ negronis n
negroni
A cocktail consisting of gin, Campari and vermouth, usually in equal parts.

negus /ˈniːɡəs/ neguses n
negus
(historical) A ruler of Abyssinia (Ethiopia), or of a province of Ethiopia; specifically, the king of Ethiopia before 1974.

neigh /neɪ/ neighs n
rżenie
The cry of a horse.

neigh /neɪ/ v
rżeć
(of a horse) To make its cry.
To make a sound similar to a horse's cry.

neighborhood /ˈneɪbə.hʊd/ /ˈneɪbɚˌhʊd/ neighborhoods n
sąsiedztwo
The residential area near one's home.
(chiefly, obsolete) The quality of being a neighbor, of living nearby, next to each-other; proximity.
otoczenie
A set containing an open set which contains some specified point.

neighbour /ˈneɪbə/ /ˈneɪbɚ/ neighbours n
sąsiad sąsiadka
A person living on adjacent or nearby land; a person situated adjacently or nearby; anything (of the same type of thing as the subject) in an adjacent or nearby position.
bliźni
(biblical) A fellow human being.

neighbour /ˈneɪbə/ /ˈneɪbɚ/ v
sąsiadować
(intransitive, followed by "on"; figurative) To be similar to, to be almost the same as.

neighbourly more neighbourly most neighbourly adj
dobrosąsiedzki
(British, Canada) Showing the qualities of a friendly and helpful neighbour.

neither /ˈnaɪ.ðə(ɹ)/ /ˈnaɪ.ðɚ/ /ˈneɪ.ðə(ɹ)/ /ˈni.ðɚ/ /ˈniː.ðə(ɹ)/ adv
też nie
Similarly not.

neither /ˈnaɪ.ðə(ɹ)/ /ˈnaɪ.ðɚ/ /ˈneɪ.ðə(ɹ)/ /ˈni.ðɚ/ /ˈniː.ðə(ɹ)/ determiner
żaden
Not one of two; not either.
ani X, ani Y
Not either (used with nor).

neither /ˈnaɪ.ðə(ɹ)/ /ˈnaɪ.ðɚ/ /ˈneɪ.ðə(ɹ)/ /ˈni.ðɚ/ /ˈniː.ðə(ɹ)/ pronoun
też nie
żaden
Not either one of two.

neither fish nor fowl /ˌnaɪðə ˈfɪʃ nɔː ˈfaʊl/ /ˌnaɪðɚ ˈfɪʃ nɔɹ ˈfaʊl/ /ˌni-/ /ˌniː-/ adj
ni pies, ni wydra
(idiomatic) Not easily categorized; not rightly belonging or fitting well in a given group or situation; also, not having the advantages of the various options.

neither fish, flesh, nor good red herring adj
ni w pizdę, ni w oko wrzód na dupie
(idiomatic) Synonym of neither fish nor fowl (“not easily categorized; not rightly belonging or fitting well in a given group or situation; also, not having the advantages of the various options”)

neither … nor conjunction
ani … ani
used for showing that something is not true of two or more people, things, actions, qualities, or ideas (This entry is a translation hub.)

nematode /ˈnɛm.ə.təʊd/ /ˈnɛm.əˌtoʊd/ nematodes n
askaryda glista nicień
(zoology) A worm of the large phylum Nematoda, such as a roundworm or threadworm.

nene /ˈneɪneɪ/ /ˈneɪˌneɪ/ nene nenes n
bernikla hawajska gęś hawajska ne-ne
The Hawaiian goose, Branta sandvicensis, which was designated the state bird of Hawaii in 1957.

neo-Gothic adj
neogotycki
(architecture, literature) Of or relating to a more recent iteration of a Gothic style.

neo-Nazi /ˌnioʊˈnɑːtsi/ adj
neonazistowski
Of or pertaining to neo-Nazism or neo-Nazis.

neo-Nazi /ˌnioʊˈnɑːtsi/ neo-Nazis n
neonazista neonazistka
A person who believes in neo-Nazism

neo-Nazism neo-Nazisms n
neonazizm
The ideology held by neo-Nazis; post-WWII Nazism.

neo-testamentary /ˌnioʊˌtɛstəˈmɛntəɹi/ /ˌniːəʊˌtɛstəˈmɛntəɹi/ /ˌniːəʊˌtɛstəˈmɛntɹi/ [-ɾə-] adj
nowotestamentowy
Of or pertaining to the New Testament of the Bible.

neodymium /nɪə(ʊ)ˈdɪmɪəm/ /ˌniː.oʊˈdɪmiəm/ neodymiums n
neodym
A chemical element (symbol Nd) with an atomic number of 60: a hard, slightly malleable silvery metal that quickly tarnishes in air and moisture.

neofascism neofascisms n
neofaszyzm
A right-wing political movement inspired by fascism, especially by that of fascist Italy.

neoliberalism neoliberalisms n
neoliberalizm
A political ideology or ideological trend based on neoclassical economics that espouses economic liberalism, favouring trade liberalisation, financial deregulation, a small government, privatisation and liberalisation of government businesses, passive antitrust enforcement, accepting greater economic inequality and disfavouring unionisation.

neologism /niːˈɒləd͡ʒɪzəm/ neologisms n
neologizm nowosłowie nowosłów nowotwór
(linguistics, lexicography, countable) A word or phrase which has recently been coined; a new word or phrase, or an existing one which has gained a new meaning.

neon /ˈni.ɒn/ neons n
neon
(countable) A form or sample of the element.

neon lamp neon lamps n
jarzeniówka
A small gas discharge lamp containing neon gas, sometimes with other noble gases to add colour.

neontology n
neontologia
(biology) The study of organisms living in the current era, as opposed to organisms that are extinct.

neopronoun neopronouns n
neozaimek
A pronoun used in place of he, she, or singular they, especially one of the modern coinages used by some non-binary people.

neosemanticism neosemanticisms n
neosemantyzm

neoteny /niˈɑːtəni/ /niˈɒtəni/ neotenies n
neotenia
(biology) The retention of juvenile characteristics in the adult.
(biology) The sexual maturity of an organism still in its larval stage.

nephew /ˈnɛf.ju/ /ˈnɛv.ju/ nephews n
bratanek siostrzeniec
A son of one's sibling, brother-in-law, or sister-in-law; either a son of one's brother (fraternal nephew) or a son of one's sister (sororal nephew).

nephrectomy nephrectomies n
nefrektomia
(surgery) The surgical removal of a kidney.

nephric /ˈnɛf.ɹɪk/ adj
nefryczny nerkowy
Relating to or connected with a kidney.

nephrite /ˈnɛfˌɹaɪt/ nephrites n
nefryt
(mineral) A semi-precious stone, one of the two types of stone commonly referred to as jade (the other being jadeite).

nephrologist nephrologists n
nefrolog
A physician whose speciality is nephrology.

nephrology /nəˈfɹɒlədʒi/ n
nefrologia
(medicine) The branch of medicine that deals with the function and diseases of the kidneys.

nepoticide /-ɾə-/ /nəˈpɑtəsaɪd/ /nəˈpɒtɪsaɪd/ nepoticides n
morderstwo bratanka morderstwo siostrzeńca
(countable, uncountable) The killing of one's own nephew.

nepotism /ˈnɛp.ə.tɪ.zəm/ nepotisms n
nepotyzm
The favoring of relatives (most strictly) or also personal friends (more broadly) because of their relationship rather than because of their abilities.

neptunium /nɛpˈtjuːniəm/ /nɛpˈtuːniəm/ n
neptun
The transuranic chemical element with atomic number 93 and symbol Np.

nerd /nɜːd/ /nɝːd/ nerds n
nerd
(slang, sometimes, _, derogatory) A person who is intellectual but generally introverted.

neritic adj
nerytyczny

nerve /nɛɾv/ /nɜɪv/ /nɜːv/ /nɝv/ nerves n
nerw
A bundle of neurons with their connective tissue sheaths, blood vessels and lymphatics.
(nonstandard, colloquial) A neuron.
żyłka
(botany) A vein in a leaf; a grain in wood.
tupet bezczelność czelność odwaga zuchwalstwo
Courage; boldness; audacity; gall.
nerwy
(in the plural) Mental agitation caused by fear, stress or other negative emotions.

nervous /ˈnɑvəs/ /ˈnɜːvəs/ /ˈnɝːvəs/ more nervous most nervous adj
nerwowy
Apprehensive, anxious, hesitant, worried. [from 18th c.]
Easily agitated or alarmed; edgy, on edge. [from 18th c.]
Affecting or involving the nerves or nervous system. [from 15th c.]

nervous system nervous systems n
układ nerwowy
An organ system whose principal constituent is nervous tissue that coordinates the activities of muscles, monitors organs, constructs and processes data received from the senses, and initiates actions.

nervously more nervously most nervously adv
nerwowo
In a nervous manner; feeling or displaying nervousness.

ness /nɛs/ nesses n
cypel przylądek
(geography) A promontory; a cape or headland. (Frequently used as a suffix in placenames.)

nest /nɛst/ nests n
gniazdo
A structure built by a bird as a place to incubate eggs and rear young.
A place used by another mammal, fish, amphibian or insect, for depositing eggs and hatching young.
A retreat, or place of habitual resort.
A home that a child or young adult shares with a parent or guardian.
gniazdko gniazdo
A snug, comfortable, or cosy residence or job situation.
kryjówka gniazdo
A hideout for bad people to frequent or haunt; a den.

nest /nɛst/ v
gnieździć
(intransitive, of animals) To build or settle into a nest.
znaleźć schronienie
(intransitive) To settle into a home.
zagnieździć
(transitive) To place in, or as if in, a nest.
(transitive) To place one thing neatly inside another, and both inside yet another (and so on).

nest egg nest eggs n
zbuk
A natural or artificial egg placed in a bird's nest, to encourage the bird to lay its own eggs there.
zaskórniak
(figurative) A saving; a reserve of money.

nestcam nestcams n
kamera do monitoringu gniazda

nesting /ˈnɛstɪŋ/ nestings n
gniazdowanie
The process by which a bird nests.

nestle /ˈnɛsəl/ v
zagnieździć się
To settle oneself comfortably and snugly.
przytulić się
To press oneself against another affectionately.

nestling /ˈnɛstlɪŋ/ nestlings n
pisklę
A small, young bird that is still confined to the nest.

net /nɛt/ adj
netto
Remaining after expenses or deductions.

net /nɛt/ nets n
sieć siatka
A mesh of string, cord or rope.
A device made from such mesh, used for catching fish, butterflies, etc.
A device made from such mesh, generally used for trapping something.
Anything that has the appearance of such a device.
(by extension) A trap.
A system that interconnects a number of users, locations etc. allowing transport or communication between them.
siatka wielościanu
(geometry) Any set of polygons joined edge to edge that, when folded along the edges between adjoining polygons so that the outer edges touch, form a given polyhedron.
siatka
(sports) A framework backed by a mesh, serving as the goal in hockey, soccer, lacrosse, etc.
(tennis, by extension) The area of the court close to the net (mesh stretched to divide the court).

net curtain net curtains n
firanka firanki
A thin curtain that allows light into a room but prevents people outside from seeing inside.

net income net incomes n
dochód dochód netto
Gross profit minus operating expenses and taxes.
dochód netto
Income after tax.

nether /nɛð.ə/ /nɛð.ɚ/ nethermore nethermost adj
dolny
Lower; under.
podziemny
Lying beneath, or conceived as lying beneath, the Earth’s surface.

netherworld netherworlds n
zaświaty
The locale of the spirit world or afterlife, whether deemed to be situated below the world of the living or not.

netizen netizens n
internauta cybernauta cybernautka internautka
(internet) A member of the community of Internet users.

nettle /ˈnɛt(ə)l/ nettles n
pokrzywa
Especially, most species of herb genus Urtica, the stinging nettles:

nettop nettops n
nettop

network /ˈnɛt.wɜːk/ /ˈnɛt.wɝk/ networks n
sieć
A fabric or structure of fibrous elements attached to each other at regular intervals.
(computing, Internet) Multiple computers and other devices connected together to share information
sieć układ
Any interconnected group or system
układy
A directory of people maintained for their advancement

network card network cards n
karta sieciowa
A card that allows a computer to be connected to a network.

network interface card network interface cards n
karta sieciowa
A computer hardware component designed to allow computers to communicate over a computer network.

neume /n(j)um/ /njuːm/ neumes n
neuma
(music) Any of a set of signs used in early musical notation.

neural network neural networks n
sieć neuronowa
(ML) A real or virtual computer system designed to emulate the brain in its ability to "learn" to assess imprecise data.
(anatomy) Any network of neurons etc., that function together to achieve a common purpose.

neuralgia neuralgias n
neuralgia nerwoból newralgia
(pathology, neurology) An acute, severe, intermittent pain that radiates along a nerve.

neuro- /ˈn(j)ʉːɹɐʉ/ /ˈn(j)ʊɹoʊ/ /ˈnjʊəɹəʊ/ prefix
neuro-
Nerves, nervous tissue, or the nervous system.

neuroanatomic adj
neuroanatomiczny

neuroanatomy /njʊəɹəʊəˈnatəmi/ neuroanatomies n
neuroanatomia
(anatomy) The anatomy of the nervous system. [from 20th c.]

neuroblast neuroblasts n
neuroblast
The embryonic cell that develops into a nerve cell

neurofibromatosis neurofibromatoses n
nerwiakowłókniakowatość
(medicine) A genetic disorder characterized by the presence of multiple neurofibromas under the skin.

neurogenesis n
neurogeneza

neuroglia neuroglia neuroglias n
glej komórka glejowa
(cytology) glial cell

neurolinguistics n
neurolingwistyka
(linguistics) Science concerned with the human brain mechanisms underlying the comprehension, production and abstract knowledge of language, be it spoken, signed or written.

neurological adj
neurologiczny
Dealing with neurology, the study of the nervous system or the health care specialty that provides care for it.

neurologist neurologists n
neurolog neurolożka
A doctor or scientist who practices or specializes in neurology.

neurology /n(j)uˈɹɒləd͡ʒi/ neurologies n
neurologia
The branch of medicine that deals with the disorders of nervous system including the brain and spinal cord of the central nervous system and the nerves, muscles, and neuromuscular junction of the peripheral nervous system.

neuron /ˈn(j)uɹɑn/ /ˈn(j)ɝɑn/ /ˈn(j)ʊɹɑn/ /ˈnjəɹɑn/ /ˈnjʊəɹɒn/ neura neurons n
neuron komórka nerwowa
(cytology) A cell of the nervous system, which conducts nerve impulses; consisting of an axon and several dendrites. Neurons are connected by synapses.

neuropathologist neuropathologists n
neuropatolog

neuropteran neuropterans n
sieciarka
Any insect of the order Neuroptera, having four large and membranous wings.

neuroscience neurosciences n
neuronauka
The scientific study of the nervous system.

neuroscientist neuroscientists n
neuronaukowiec
A scientist whose speciality is neuroscience.

neurosis neuroses n
nerwica
(pathology) A mental disorder, less severe than psychosis, marked by anxiety or fear which differ from normal measures by their intensity, which disorder results from a failure to compromise or properly adjust during the developmental stages of life, between normal human instinctual impulses and the demands of human society.

neurosurgeon neurosurgeons n
neurochirurg
A surgeon specializing in brain surgery.

neurotic /n(j)əˈɹɒtɪk/ /n(j)ʊəˈɹɒtɪk/ adj
neurotyczny
(informal) Overly anxious.

neurotic /n(j)əˈɹɒtɪk/ /n(j)ʊəˈɹɒtɪk/ neurotics n
neurotyk
A person who has a neurosis

neurotoxin /ˈn(j)ʊɹoʊtɑksɪn/ neurotoxins n
neurotoksyna
(neuroscience, toxicology, pharmaceutical drug) A toxin that specifically acts upon neurons, their synapses, or the nervous system in its entirety.

neurotransmitter neurotransmitters n
neuroprzekaźnik mediator neuromediator neurotransmiter
(biochemistry, neuroscience) Any substance, such as acetylcholine or dopamine, responsible for sending nerve signals across a synapse between two neurons.

neuter /ˈn(j)utɚ/ /ˈnjuːtə/ more neuter most neuter adj
nijaki
(now, uncommon) Neutral; on neither side; neither one thing nor another.
(grammar) Having a form which is not masculine nor feminine; or having a form which is not of common gender.
nieprzechodni
(grammar) Intransitive.

neuter /ˈn(j)utɚ/ /ˈnjuːtə/ neuters n
rodzaj nijaki
(grammar) A noun of the neuter gender; any one of those words which have the terminations usually found in neuter words.

neutral /ˈnjuːtɹəl/ /ˈnuːtɹəl/ [ˈnuːt͡ʃɹəl] more neutral most neutral adj
neutralny bezstronny
(politics) Not taking sides in a conflict such as war; nonaligned.
bezpłciowy
(biology) Having no sex; neuter.

neutrality /njuːˈtɹæləti/ /nuˈtɹæləti/ neutralities n
neutralność bezstronność
The state or quality of being neutral; the condition of being unengaged in contests between others; state of taking no part on either side.
neutralność
(obsolete) Indifference in quality; a state neither very good nor bad.
(international law) The condition of a nation or government which refrains from taking part, directly or indirectly, in a war between other powers.

neutralization neutralizations n
neutralizacja
The act of neutralizing.

neutralize /ˈnjuːtɹəlaɪz/ /ˈnutɹəˌlaɪz/ v
neutralizować
(transitive) To make even, inactive or ineffective.

neutrino /njuːˈtɹiːnəʊ/ /nuˈtɹinoʊ/ neutrinos n
neutrino
An elementary particle that is classified as a lepton, and has an extremely small but nonzero mass and no electric charge. It interacts with the surroundings only via the weak force or gravitation, making it very difficult to detect.

neutron /ˈn(j)uː.tɹɒn/ /ˈnu.tɹɑn/ neutrons n
neutron
(particle) A subatomic particle forming part of the nucleus of an atom and having no charge; it is a combination of an up quark and two down quarks.

neutron star neutron stars n
gwiazda neutronowa
(star) A degenerate star that has been so collapsed by gravity that its electrons and protons have been merged into neutrons by the intense pressure. The solid mass of neutrons is sometimes called neutronium.

never /ˈnɛv.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈnɛv.ɚ/ adv
nigdy
At no time; on no occasion; in no circumstance.

never again adv
nigdy więcej
(set phrase) At no time in the future; usually said of a negative event, practice, etc which should not be allowed to reoccur.

never ever adv
nigdy przenigdy
(emphatic) never

never in a million years adv
za chińskiego boga
(idiomatic) Absolutely not.

never mind /ˈnɛ.vɚˌmaɪnd/ /ˈnɛv.ə(ɹ)ˌmaɪnd/ v
nieważne
(hortative) It is not important; do not fret; used to reassure or comfort the person to whom it is said.
nie przejmować się
(hortative) Do not be concerned (about someone or something, or about doing something).
mniejsza z tym nieważne
(hortative) Indicates a withdrawal or retractment of a previous statement.

never put off until tomorrow what you can do today proverb
nie odkładaj na jutro tego, co możesz zrobić dzisiaj
Do not procrastinate whatever that can be done today until tomorrow.

never say die interjection
nie rozpaczaj
Do not despair; the outlook may be better than it seems, so don't give up

never say never phraseologicalUnit
nigdy nie mów nigdy

nevertheless /ˈnɛvəðəlɛs/ /ˈnɛvɚðəlɛs/ adv
niemniej jednak jednakże jednakowoż
(conjunctive) In spite of what preceded; yet.

new /n(j)u/ /njuː/ /njʉː/ /nɪu̯/ newer newest adj
nowy
Recently made, or created.
Of recent origin; having taken place recently.
Additional; recently discovered.
Current or later, as opposed to former.
Used to distinguish something established more recently, named after something or some place previously existing.
In original condition; pristine; not previously worn or used.
Refreshed, reinvigorated, reformed.
Strange, unfamiliar or not previously known.
Recently arrived or appeared.
Inexperienced or unaccustomed at some task.
młody nowy
Newborn.

new blood n
świeża krew
A person or people newly brought in to a project or organization; a new hire, or new member.

new broom new brooms n
nowa miotła
A new leader or management.

new moon new moons n
nów
The phase of the moon when it is in conjunction with the sun and is therefore obscured.

new religious movement new religious movements n
nowy ruch religijny
(religion) (abbreviated NRM) Any religious community or spiritual group of modern origins, having a peripheral place within a state's dominant religious culture.

newbie /ˈnjuːbi/ /ˈnuːbi/ newbies n
nowicjusz nowicjuszka newbie
(Internet) A new user or participant; someone who is extremely new and inexperienced (to a game or activity). A beginner.

newborn adj
nowonarodzony
Recently born.

newborn newborn newborns n
noworodek
A recently born baby.

newcomer /ˈn(j)uˌkʌmɚ/ /ˈnjuːkʌmə/ [ˈn(j)uˌkʰʌmɚ] newcomers n
przybysz przybyszka
One who has recently come to a community; a recent arrival.

newel /ˈnju.əl/ /ˈnjuː.əl/ /ˈnu.əl/ newels n
słupek balustrady schodowej
(architecture) A central pillar around which a staircase spirals.
(architecture) A sturdy pillar at the top or bottom of a flight of stairs, supporting the handrail.

newline newlines n
koniec linii koniec wiersza

newlywed /ˈnjuːliˌwɛd/ newlyweds n
nowożeniec
A recently married person.

newness /ˈn(j)uːnəs/ newnesses n
nowość
The property of being new; novelty; recency.

news /n(j)uz/ /njuːz/ n
news nowości
New information of interest.
wiadomość wiadomości
Information about current events disseminated via media.

news agency news agencies n
agencja prasowa
An organisation that gathers and distributes news to newspapers and radio and television broadcasters.

news anchor news anchors n
prezenter prezenter wiadomości
(US, Canada) A presenter of news broadcasts.

news channel news channels n
kanał informacyjny program informacyjny stacja informacyjna
A television channel dedicated to news, often operating continuously.

news media news medias n
prasa
All the various forms of communicating news to the public collectively.

newsagent newsagents n
kioskarka kioskarz
A retail business selling newspapers, magazines, and stationery; a stationer.

newscast newscasts n
wiadomości
(broadcasting, journalism) A broadcast of the news; a news report that is transmitted over the air for television, radio, etc.

newsfeed newsfeeds n
aktualności
(Internet) A feed, especially one providing news content.

newsletter /ˈn(j)uzˌlɛtɚ/ /ˈnjuːzˌlɛtə/ newsletters n
biuletyn
A periodically sent publication containing current events or the like, generally on a particular topic or geared toward a limited audience.

newspaper /ˈn(j)uzˌpeɪpɚ/ /ˈnjuːsˌpe(ɪ)pɚ/ /ˈnjuːsˌpeɪpə/ /ˈnjuːzˌpe(ɪ)pɚ/ /ˈnjuːzˌpeɪpə/ newspapers n
gazeta
(countable) A publication, usually published daily or weekly and usually printed on cheap, low-quality paper, containing news and other articles.
gazeta gazetówka
(uncountable, countable) A quantity of or one of the types of paper on which newspapers are printed.

newspeak /ˈn(j)uːspiːk/ newspeaks n
nowomowa
Use of ambiguous, misleading, or euphemistic words in order to deceive the listener, especially by politicians and officials.

newsprint newsprints n
gazeta gazetówka
An inexpensive paper used for printing newspapers.

newsroom /ˈnjuːzɹuːm/ newsrooms n
newsroom
The office of a news organisation, especially that part of it where the journalists work and news stories are processed.

newsstand newsstands n
kiosk z gazetami stoisko z gazetami
an open stall, often on a street, where newspapers and magazines are on sale to the public

newsworthy newsworthier newsworthiest adj
warty opublikowania
Interesting enough to be reported as a news

newt /ˈn(j)ut/ /ˈnjuːt/ /ˈnjʉːt/ newts n
traszka
A small lizard-like amphibian in the family Salamandridae that lives in the water as an adult.

newton newtons n
niuton
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of force; the force required to accelerate a mass of one kilogram by one metre per second per second. Symbol: N.

next /nɛkst/ adj
następny przyszły
Nearest in order, succession, or rank; immediately following (or sometimes preceding) in order.

next /nɛkst/ adv
następnie
In a time, place, rank or sequence closest or following.
dalej
On the first subsequent occasion.

next of kin next of kin n
najbliższy krewny
Closest blood relative, heir to inheritance.

next time n
na drugi raz następnym razem
On the following occasion (as opposed to this time).

next to preposition
obok
Beside, alongside, by, adjacent to, or near.

next to nothing pronoun
prawie nic
Very little.

next year adv
w przyszłym roku
(This entry is a translation hub.)

nexus /ˈnɛksus/ /ˈnɛksuːs/ /ˈnɛksəs/ nexus nexuses nexusses n
ogniwo związek
A form or state of connection.
grupa zespół
A connected group; a network, a web.

ney neys n
nej
(music) A type of endblown flute.

nib /nɪb/ nibs n
stalówka
The tip of a pen or tool that touches the surface, transferring ink to paper.

nice /naɪs/ /nɑjs/ /nɑɪs/ /nəɪs/ nicer nicest adj
miły przyjemny dobry fajny
(chiefly, informal) Pleasant, satisfactory. [from 18th c.]
miły
(chiefly, informal) Giving a favorable review or having a favorable impression.

nice try interjection
nieźle

nicely /ˈnʌɪsli/ more nicely most nicely nicelier niceliest adv
miło ładnie
Pleasantly; satisfactorily. [from 18th c.]

niche /niʃ/ /niːʃ/ /nɪt͡ʃ/ /nɪʃ/ more niche most niche nicher nichest adj
niszowy
Pertaining to or intended for a market niche; having specific appeal; obscure.

niche /niʃ/ /niːʃ/ /nɪt͡ʃ/ /nɪʃ/ niches n
nisza
(architectural element) A cavity, hollow, or recess, generally within the thickness of a wall, for a statue, bust, or other erect ornament.
(ecology) A function within an ecological system to which an organism is especially suited.
(by extension) Any position of opportunity for which one is well-suited, such as a particular market in business.

nickel /ˈnɪk.əl/ nickels n
nikiel
(uncountable) A silvery elemental metal with an atomic number of 28 and symbol Ni.
pięciocentówka
(US, Canada, countable) A coin worth 5 cents.

nickel silver n
alpaka argentan
A hard, corrosion-resistant alloy of copper, zinc and nickel used to make domestic silverware.

nickname /ˈnɪkneɪm/ nicknames n
przezwisko przydomek ksywa ksywka nick
A familiar, invented name for a person or thing used instead of the actual name of the person or thing, often based on some noteworthy characteristic.

nicotine /ˈnɪkətiːn/ n
nikotyna
(organic compound) An alkaloid (C10H14N2), commonly occurring in the tobacco plant. In small doses it is a habit-forming stimulant; in larger doses it is toxic and is often used in insecticides.
(figuratively) Tobacco, cigarettes

nicotine gum nicotine gums n
guma nikotynowa
A form of chewing gum that slowly releases nicotine into the body; used by people who are trying to quit smoking

nicotineless adj
beznikotynowy

nictitating membrane nictitating membranes n
migotka
A transparent protective fold of skin acting as an inner eyelid in birds, reptiles and some mammals.

niddy-noddy niddy-noddies n
motowidło
A tool used to make skeins from yarn, consisting of a central bar with crossbars at each end, offset from each other by 90°.

nidify /ˈnɪd.əˌfaɪ/ v
gniazdo gniazdować wić
(zoology) To make a nest.

niece /nis/ /niːs/ nieces n
bratanica siostrzenica
A daughter of one’s sibling, brother-in-law, or sister-in-law; either the daughter of one's brother ("fraternal niece"), or of one's sister ("sororal niece").

nigella /naɪˈd͡ʒɛlə/ nigellas n
czarnuszka
Any plant of the genus Nigella of about twelve species of annual flowering plants, the blooms of which are generally blue in colour but also found in shades of pink, white and pale purple.

niggardly /ˈnɪɡədli/ /ˈnɪɡɚdli/ more niggardly most niggardly adj
skąpy
Withholding for the sake of meanness; stingy, miserly.

nigger /ˈnɪɡə(ɹ)/ /ˈnɪɡɚ/ niggeress niggers n
czarnuch asfalt bambus
(offensive, ethnic slur, vulgar, see usage notes) A black person; a person of black African descent.

niggerboy niggerboys n
asfalt

niggergirl niggergirls n
asfalt
(offensive, ethnic slur) A young black woman.

nigh /naɪ/ more nigh most nigh nigher nighest adj
bliski
(archaic, poetic) near, close by

nigh /naɪ/ adv
blisko niebawem
Almost, nearly.

night /naɪt/ /nʌɪt/ nights n
noc
(astronomy, countable) The period of darkness beginning at the end of evening astronomical twilight when the sun is 18 degrees below the horizon, and ending at the beginning of morning astronomical twilight.
(legal, countable) A period of time often defined in the legal system as beginning 30 minutes after sunset, and ending 30 minutes before sunrise.
(countable) An evening or night spent at a particular activity.
(uncountable) Darkness (due to it being nighttime).

night heron night herons n
ślepowron
Any of the nocturnal species of herons of the genera Nycticorax, Nyctanassa, and Gorsachius.

night mode n
tryb nocny

night of the long knives nights of the long knives n
noc długich noży
A purge, in which opponents of a regime or political party are killed or removed.

night owl /ˈnaɪt aʊl/ /ˈnaɪt ˌaʊl/ night owls n
nocny marek
(idiomatic) One who goes to bed late, or stays up late at night or in the early hours of the morning.

night person night people n
nocny marek sowa
(idiomatic) A person whose preference or custom is to remain awake and active during the evening and early morning (night) hours, and who usually sleeps during part of the daytime.

night shelter night shelters n
noclegownia
Shelter designed to accommodate homeless people at night.

night shift night shifts n
nocka nocna zmiana
A regularly scheduled period of work, during evening or night hours.
nocna zmiana
A group of workers who work during the night.

night vision n
noktowizja
The ability, either naturally, by technology or by superpowers, to see in a low light or even dark environment.

nightcap /ˈnaɪtˌkæp/ nightcaps n
szlafmyca
A warm cloth cap worn while sleeping, often with pajamas, being common attire in northern Europe before effective home heating became widespread. [From 14th c.]

nightclub nightclubs n
klub nocny
A public or private establishment that is open late at night to provide entertainment, food, drink, music and/or dancing.

nightfall /ˈnaɪt.fɑl/ /ˈnaɪt.fɔl/ nightfalls n
zmierzch zmrok
The close of the day; the coming of night.

nightgown /ˈnaɪtˌɡaʊn/ nightgowns n
koszula nocna
A long loose robe worn mainly by women for sleeping in.

nightingale /ˈnaɪtɪŋɡeɪl/ nightingales n
słowik słowik rdzawy
A Eurasian and African songbird, Luscinia megarhynchos, family Muscicapidae, famed for its beautiful singing at night; a common nightingale.

nightjar /ˈnaɪtd͡ʒɑɹ/ /ˈnaɪtd͡ʒɑː/ nightjars n
lelek
Any of various medium-sized nocturnal birds of the family Caprimulgidae, that feed predominantly on moths and other large flying insects.

nightlife /ˈnaɪtˌlaɪf/ nightlifes nightlives n
nocne życie
Nocturnal activities, especially visiting nightclubs.

nightly /ˈnaɪtli/ adj
conocny
Performing, occurring, or taking place every night.

nightmare /ˈnaɪt.mɛə/ /ˈnaɪt.mɛɚ/ [nʌɪʔ.mɛəɹ] nightmares n
mara zmora
(now, rare) A demon or monster, thought to plague people while they slept and cause a feeling of suffocation and terror during sleep. [from 14th c.]
koszmar
(now, chiefly, historical) A feeling of extreme anxiety or suffocation experienced during sleep; Sleep paralysis. [from 16th c.]
(figuratively) Any bad, miserable, difficult or terrifying situation or experience that arouses anxiety, terror, agony or great displeasure. [from 20th c.]
koszmar zmora mara
A very bad or frightening dream. [from 19th c.]

nightmarish more nightmarish most nightmarish adj
koszmarny
Resembling a nightmare.

nightshade /ˈnaɪt.ʃeɪd/ nightshades n
psianka
Any of the poisonous plants belonging to the genus Solanum, especially black nightshade or woody nightshade.

nightstand nightstands n
nakastlik szafka nocna
(US) A small table or cabinet, usually with two drawers one above the other or one drawer and a lower shelf, placed beside the head of a bed.

nighttime /ˈnaɪtˌtaɪm/ [ˈnaɪʔtaɪm] nighttimes n
noc
The hours of darkness between sunset and sunrise; the night.

nihilism /ˈnaɪ.(h)ɪ.lɪz.m̩/ /ˈnaɪ.əˌlɪz.m̩/ /ˈniː-/ /ˈnɪ-/ [-(h)ɨ̞-] nihilisms n
nihilizm
(usually, uncountable) The rejection of, or opposition to, religious beliefs, (inherent or objective) moral principles, legal rules, etc., often due to the view that life is meaningless (sense 1).
(countable, uncountable, philosophy) A doctrine grounded on the negation of one or more meaningful aspects of life; in particular, the view that nothing in the world actually exists.

nihilist /ˈnaɪ.(h)ɪl.ɪst/ /ˈni.ɪl.ɪst/ /ˈniː.ɪl.ɪst/ nihilists n
nihilista nihilistka
(philosophy, religion) A person who accepts or champions nihilism.

nihilistic more nihilistic most nihilistic adj
nihilistyczny
Of or relating to nihilism.

nihonium /nɪˈhoʊ.ni.əm/ n
nihon

nil /nɪl/ nils n
zero
Nothing; zero.

nimble /ˈnɪmbl̩/ nimbler nimblest adj
zwinny zręczny
Quick and light in movement or action.

nimbleness /ˈnɪm.bəl.nɪs/ nimblenesses n
zwinność zręczność
The quality of being nimble.

nimbly more nimbly most nimbly adv
zręcznie zwinnie
in a nimble manner

nimbus /ˈnɪm.bəs/ nimbi nimbuses n
nimb nimbus
A circle of light; a halo.
nimbus
A gray rain cloud.

nincompoop /ˈnɪn-/ /ˈnɪŋkəmpuːp/ /ˈnɪŋkəmˌpup/ nincompoops n
głupiec
(derogatory) A foolish or silly person. [from 16th c.]

nine /naɪn/ [naɪ̯n] nines n
dziewiątka dziewięć
The digit or figure 9.
(card games) A playing card with nine pips.

nine /naɪn/ [naɪ̯n] numeral
dziewięć dziewięcioro
A numerical value equal to 9; the number following eight and preceding ten.

nine hundred /ˈnaɪn ˈhʌn.dɹəd/ /ˈnaɪn ˈhʌn.dɹɪd/ numeral
dziewięćset
The cardinal number occurring after eight hundred ninety-nine and before nine hundred one, represented in Arabic numerals as 900. Ordinal: nine-hundredth.

nine men's morris n
młynek
An ancient strategic board game for two players, each having nine pieces, and in which forming a row of three of one's own pieces earns the removal of one of the other player's pieces.

nine o'clock n
dziewiąta
(In both the 12-hour clock and the 24-hour clock) The start of the tenth hour of the day; 9:00 a.m. (09:00).

nine thousand numeral
dziewięć tysięcy
9000

nine-day wonder /ˌnaɪn‿deɪ ˈwʌndə/ /ˌnaɪn‿deɪ ˈwʌndɚ/ nine-day wonders n
słomiany ogień
(idiomatic) Something that generates interest for a limited time and is then abandoned.

nineteen /naɪnˈtiːn/ /ˈnaɪntiːn/ /ˈnaɪnˌtin/ /ˌnaɪnˈtin/ numeral
dziewiętnaście dziewiętnaścioro
The cardinal number occurring after eighteen and before twenty, represented in Roman numerals as XIX and in Arabic numerals as 19. It is the last/largest of the "teens".

nineteenth /ˌnaɪnˈtiːnθ/ adj
dziewiętnasty dziewiętnasta
The ordinal form of the number nineteen.

nineties n
lata 90. lata dziewięćdziesiąte
The decade of the 1890s, 1990s, etc.

ninetieth /ˈnaɪn.ti.əθ/ adj
dziewięćdziesiąty
The ordinal form of the number ninety.

ninety /ˈnaɪn.di/ /ˈnaɪn.ti/ numeral
dziewięćdziesiąt
The cardinal number occurring after eighty-nine and before ninety-one, represented in Roman numerals as XC and in Arabic numerals as 90.

ninety-eight numeral
dziewięćdziesiąt osiem
The cardinal number immediately following ninety-seven — ninety plus eight — and preceding ninety-nine.

ninety-eighth adj
dziewięćdziesiąty ósmy
The ordinal form of the number ninety-eight, describing a person or thing in position number 98 of a sequence.

ninety-five numeral
dziewięćdziesiąt pięć
The cardinal number immediately following ninety-four and preceding ninety-six.

ninety-nine numeral
dziewięćdziesiąt dziewięć
The cardinal number immediately following ninety-eight and preceding one hundred.

ninety-ninth adj
dziewięćdziesiąty dziewiąty
The ordinal form of the number ninety-nine, describing a person or thing in position number 99 of a sequence.

ninety-one numeral
dziewięćdziesiąt jeden
The cardinal number immediately following ninety and preceding ninety-two.

ninety-seven numeral
dziewięćdziesiąt siedem
The cardinal number immediately following ninety-six and preceding ninety-eight.

ninety-seventh adj
dziewięćdziesiąty siódmy
The ordinal form of the number ninety-seven, describing a person or thing in position number 97 of a sequence.

ninety-six numeral
dziewięćdziesiąt sześć
The cardinal number immediately following ninety-five and preceding ninety-seven.

ninety-three numeral
dziewięćdziesiąt trzy
The cardinal number immediately following ninety-two and preceding ninety-four.

ninety-two numeral
dziewięćdziesiąt dwa
The cardinal number immediately following ninety-one and preceding ninety-three.

ninetysomething ninetysomethings n
dziewięćdziesięciolatek dziewięćdziesięciolatka
(colloquial) A person between 90 and 99 years old.

ninhydrin ninhydrins n
ninhydryna
(organic compound) The aromatic compound 2,2-dihydroxyindane-1,3-dione which is used as a reagent to detect amines

ninja /ˈnɪnd͡ʒə/ ninja ninjas n
ninja
(martial arts) A person trained in ninjutsu, especially (historical) one used for espionage, assassination, and other tasks requiring stealth during Japan's shogunate period.

ninth /naɪnθ/ adj
dziewiąty
The ordinal form of the number nine.

ninth /naɪnθ/ ninths n
nona dziewiąty
(music) The compound interval between any tone and the tone represented on the ninth degree of the staff above it, as between one of the scale and two of the octave above; the octave of the second, consisting of 13 or 14 semitones (called minor and major ninth).

niobium /naɪˈoʊbiəm/ niobiums n
niob
A chemical element (symbol Nb) with an atomic number of 41: a light grey, crystalline, ductile transition metal used in superconducting materials.

nip and tuck more nip and tuck most nip and tuck adv
łeb w łeb
With the advantage of changing hands, or shifting back and forth among the available alternatives.

nip in the bud /ˈnɪp.ɪn.ðəˈbʌd/ v
zniszczyć w zarodku
(idiomatic) To stop (something) at an early stage.

nipper /ˈnɪpə(ɹ)/ nippers n
berbeć
(slang) A child.
(obsolete, slang) A pickpocket; a young or petty thief.

nipple /ˈnɪ.p(ə)l/ nipples n
brodawka sutkowa sutek
(anatomy) The projection of a mammary gland from which, on female mammals, milk is secreted. [from 16th c.]
łechtaczka
(computing, humorous) A pointing stick.

nipplewort nippleworts n
łoczyga
A flowering plant, Lapsana communis, that yields a milky juice.

niqab /nɪˈkæb/ /nɪˈkɑːb/ niqabs n
nikab
A veil which covers the face, worn by some Muslim women as a part of sartorial hijab.

nirvana /nɚˈvænə/ /nɚˈvɑnə/ /nɪəˈvɑːnə/ /nɪɹˈvɑnə/ /nɪɾˈʋɑːn(ə)/ nirvanas n
nirwana
(Buddhism) Complete cessation of suffering; a blissful state attained through realization of sunyata; enlightened experience.

nit /nɪt/ nits n
gnida
The egg of a louse.

nitpick /ˈnɪt.pɪk/ v
czepiać się czepić się przyczepiać się przyczepić się przypieprzać się przypieprzyć się
(figurative) To correct insignificant mistakes or find fault in unimportant details.

nitpicky nitpickier nitpickiest adj
drobiazgowy
Finicky; overly critical; concerned with insignificant details.

nitrate /ˈnaɪˌtɹeɪt/ [ˈnaɪ̯ˌtʰɹeɪ̯t] nitrates n
azotan
(chemistry) Any salt or ester of nitric acid.

nitric /ˈnaɪtɹɪk/ adj
azotowy
Of, pertaining to, or containing, nitrogen.

nitric acid n
kwas azotowy
(inorganic compound) A transparent, colorless to pale yellow, fuming corrosive liquid, HNO3; a highly reactive oxidizing agent used in the production of fertilizers, explosives, and rocket fuels and in a wide variety of industrial processes; once called aqua fortis.

nitride /ˈnaɪ.tɹaɪd/ nitrides n
azotek
(chemistry) A compound of nitrogen where nitrogen has an oxidation state of −3.

nitride /ˈnaɪ.tɹaɪd/ v
azotować

nitriding /ˈnaɪ.tɹaɪd.iŋ/ nitridings n
azotowanie
A method of case hardening steel by the surface absorption of nitrogen by heating with ammonia.

nitrile /ˈnaɪtɹaɪl/ nitriles n
nitryl
(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compounds containing a cyano functional group −C≡N; they are named as derivatives of the appropriate carboxylic acid.

nitrite /ˈnaɪ.tɹaɪt/ nitrites n
azotyn
(chemistry) Any salt or ester of nitrous acid.

nitro /ˈnaɪtɹəʊ/ nitros n
nitrogliceryna
(uncountable, informal) nitroglycerin, especially as medication.

nitrobacterium nitrobacteria n
azotobakter
Any of the several genera of bacteria in soil that take part in the nitrogen cycle, oxidizing ammonium and organic nitrogen compounds to the more soluble nitrite and nitrate.

nitrocellulose nitrocelluloses n
bawełna strzelnicza
(organic compound) A cotton-like material, made from cellulose by the action of nitric and sulphuric acids, used in the manufacture of explosives, collodion etc.

nitrofen n
nitrofen

nitrogen /ˈnaɪ.tɹə.d͡ʒən/ [ˈnɐɪtʰɹəd͡ʒən] nitrogens n
azot
(uncountable) The chemical element (symbol N) with an atomic number of 7 and atomic weight of 14.0067. It is a colorless and odorless gas.

nitrogen dioxide n
dwutlenek azotu
(inorganic compound) The binary compound NO₂, a brownish gas that is a poisonous air pollutant; it exists in equilibrium with dinitrogen tetroxide.

nitrogenous adj
azotowy
of, relating to, or containing nitrogen

nitroglycerine nitroglycerines n
nitrogliceryna
(organic compound) The compound glyceryl-tri-nitrate or 1,2,3 tri-nitrooxy propane; the ester of glycerol with nitric acid; prepared by the careful addition of a mixture of nitric and sulphuric acids to glycerol with constant stirring and cooling; it is a thick, pale yellow liquid, that is highly explosive on concussion or on exposure to sudden heat; it is used in medicine as a vasodilator, and as an explosive in the form of dynamite which is safe to handle.

nitrometer nitrometers n
azotometr
(chemistry) An apparatus for determining the amount of nitrogen or some of its compounds in a substance.

nitrous /ˈnaɪtɹəs/ adj
azotawy
(chemistry) Of, relating to, or derived from nitrogen, especially in which the valence of the nitrogen is lower than that of a corresponding nitric species. [from 17th c.]
(chemistry) Of or relating to nitrous acid or its derivatives.

nitrous acid n
kwas azotawy
(inorganic compound) A weak acid, HNO2, known only in solution, or as its salts and esters, the nitrites; it has a linear structure, H-O-N=O

nitrous oxide n
gaz rozweselający podtlenek azotu
(inorganic compound) A non-flammable gas (N₂O) commonly used in surgery and dentistry for its anaesthetic and analgesic effects and in motorsport for bursts of added power.

nitwit /ˈnɪtwɪt/ nitwits n
głupek
(informal) A scatterbrained or stupid person.

no /nɐʉ/ /nəʉ/ determiner
nie wolno
Not any.
Hardly any.
Not any possibility or allowance of (doing something).
żaden nie wolno
Not (a); not properly, not really; not fully.

no /nɐʉ/ /nəʉ/ noes nos n
nie
a negating expression; an answer that shows disagreement, denial, refusal, or disapproval
przeciw nie
a vote not in favor, or opposing a proposition

no /nɐʉ/ /nəʉ/ preposition
nie
without
like
(colloquial, usually, humorous) not, does not, do not, etc.

no biggie phraseologicalUnit
nic wielkiego
(idiomatic, colloquial) Not a big deal, not something to worry about.

no comment phraseologicalUnit
bez komentarza
(idiomatic) An "official" refusal to relay any further information, used for example in response to a question by a newspaper reporter or police officer. [from c. 1950]
(idiomatic) A refusal to make the obvious impolite retort.

no doubt adv
niewątpliwie
without a doubt; surely.

no entry phraseologicalUnit
zakaz wejścia zakaz wstępu
Used on signs to indicate that entry into the area where the sign is displayed is forbidden.

no hard feelings phraseologicalUnit
bez urazy
(idiomatic) (I, etc.) hold no lingering anger or resentment toward (you, etc.); there's no bad blood between (us, etc.).

no holds barred adj
bez ograniczeń
(wrestling) Without restrictions on holds or what opponents may do.
wszystkie chwyty dozwolone
(figurative ) Having absolutely no limits or restrictions as far as the levels and nature of one's hostilities and offense; taking to an especially ruthless or vicious manner.

no less adv
przy tym
Even, furthermore, not to mention.

no longer adv
już nie nie jest już
Not any more; no more.

no man's land /ˈnoʊˌmænzˌlænd/ n
ziemia niczyja
The stretch of land between the border posts of two contiguous sovereign states, sometimes separated by great distance.

no matter what phraseologicalUnit
co by nie jak by nie było jak by nie patrzeć
(not followed by a phrase) Regardless of any or most possible adverse circumstances.

no means no interjection
nie to nie

no more no less adv
ni mniej, ni więcej

no news is good news proverb
brak wiadomości to dobra wiadomość
A lack of information reported about a situation suggests that nothing unfortunate has occurred.

no offense phraseologicalUnit
bez urazy
I intend no offense by these remarks.

no one /ˈnoʊ ˌwʌn/ /ˈnəʊ wʌn/ pronoun
nikt
Used in contrast to anyone, someone or everyone: not one person; nobody.

no pain, no gain proverb
bez pracy nie ma kołaczy bez pracy nie ma macy bez zachodu nie ma miodu kto ma ręce do pracy, ten się naje kołaczy kto nie ryzykuje, ten nie pije szampana pieczone gołąbki nie lecą same do gąbki
One must be willing to endure some inconvenience or discomfort in order to achieve worthwhile goals.

no parking phraseologicalUnit
zakaz parkowania
On a traffic sign, indicates that parking a vehicle is not allowed within the area of influence of the sign.

no problem interjection
nie ma za co (nic) nie szkodzi nie ma sprawy
No thanks is necessary; you're welcome (said in response to an expression of gratitude).
nie ma za co (nic) nie szkodzi nie ma problemu nie ma sprawy żaden problem żadna sprawa
No apology is necessary; think nothing of it (said in response to an expression of regret).

no problem n
bez problemu żaden problem
Something easy, not difficult, not posing problems.

no rest for the wicked proverb
nie ma przebacz nie ma zmiłuj nie ma zmiłuj się
(humorous) People who are wicked must work harder than normal people.

no shit interjection
bez kitu
(colloquial, vulgar) An exclamation of amazement or disbelief.

no smoke without fire proverb
nie ma dymu bez ognia
Gossip and accusations are often substantiated by fact.

no smoking phraseologicalUnit
zakaz palenia
A phrase used in notices indicating that the smoking of cigarettes, etc., is not permitted in the surrounding area.

no sooner said than done phraseologicalUnit
już się robi robi się
As soon as something is said, it will be done.

no spring chicken n
mieć swoje lata
(litotes) Said of a person who is no longer particularly young.

no thank you interjection
nie, dziękuję
A polite way of saying no in response to an offer.

no trespassing phraseologicalUnit
wstęp wzbroniony
Used on notices, indicating that entry or access to a place is forbidden.

no way interjection
nie ma mowy
(idiomatic) Absolutely not; under no circumstances. [from 18th c.]
nie może być niemożliwe
(idiomatic) Indicates astonished disbelief.

no way Jose /- həʊˌzeɪ/ /nəʊ ˈweɪ həʊˌseɪ/ adv
za chińskiego boga

no worries interjection
nic nie szkodzi; nie ma sprawy
It does not bother me; I am not concerned.

no, thanks interjection
nie, dziękuję
Politely refuses something offered.

no-fly zone no-fly zones n
strefa zakazu lotów
An airspace in which aircraft, especially military aircraft, are forbidden to fly.

no-nonsense more no-nonsense most no-nonsense adj
poważny rzeczowy
Practical, not tolerating from others or concerning oneself with anything silly or unimportant.

nobelium /noʊˈbiːliəm/ /noʊˈbɛliəm/ n
nobel
a transuranic chemical element (symbol No) with an atomic number of 102.

nobility /noʊˈbɪlɪti/ /nəʊˈbɪlɪti/ /nəˈbɪlɪti/ nobilities n
szlachta
A noble or privileged social class, historically accompanied by a hereditary title; aristocracy.
(uncountable) The quality of being noble.

noble /ˈnoʊbəl/ /ˈnəʊbəl/ more noble most noble nobler noblest adj
szlachetny
Having honorable qualities; having moral eminence and freedom from anything petty, mean or dubious in conduct and character.
Of exalted rank; of or relating to the nobility; distinguished from the masses by birth, station, or title; highborn.

noble /ˈnoʊbəl/ /ˈnəʊbəl/ nobles n
szlachcianka arystokrata arystokratka
An aristocrat; one of aristocratic blood. [from 14th c.]

noble gas noble gases n
gaz szlachetny
(chemistry) Any of the elements of group 18 of the periodic table, being monatomic and (with very limited exceptions) inert.

noble metal noble metals n
metal szlachetny
(inorganic chemistry, alchemy) A metal resistant to corrosion, oxidizing and tarnishing, such as gold or platinum.

noble savage noble savages n
szlachetny dzikus
(literature) A stock character embodying the concept of an idealized indigene or outsider who has not been corrupted by civilization and therefore symbolizes humanity's innate goodness.

nobleman /ˈnoʊbl̩mən/ /ˈnəʊbl̩mən/ noblemen n
szlachcic
A peer; an aristocrat; ranks range from baron to king to emperor.

noblesse oblige /noʊˌblɛs əˈbliʒ/ /nəʊˌblɛs ɒˈbliːʒ/ n
szlachectwo zobowiązuje
The honourable obligation that is the responsibility of those of high rank; in American English this often includes the expectation of benevolent actions such as helping those less fortunate.

noblewoman noblewomen n
szlachcianka
A woman having a noble rank, especially one belonging to the peerage; a Lady.

nobly /ˈnoʊbli/ /ˈnəʊbli/ more nobly most nobly adv
szlachetnie
In a noble manner.

nobody's determiner
niczyj
Possessive case of nobody. (This entry is a translation hub.)

nobody's perfect phraseologicalUnit
nikt nie jest doskonały
Used when someone's mistakes or flaws are acknowledged, to remind that everyone else makes mistakes and has flaws.

nocebo /noʊˈsi.boʊ/ /nəʊˈsiː.bəʊ/ nocebos n
nocebo
(pharmacology, also, _, attributive) A substance which a patient experiences as harmful due to a previous negative perception, but which is in fact pharmacologically (medicinally) inactive. [from 1961]

noctule /ˈnɑkt͡ʃul/ /ˈnɒktjuːl/ noctules n
borowiec
A bat, of the genus Nyctalus, that lives in tree hollows.

nocturnal /nɑkˈtɝ.nəl/ /nɒkˈtɜː(ɹ).nəl/ more nocturnal most nocturnal adj
nocny
(of a person, creature, group, or species) Primarily active during the night.
(of an occurrence) Taking place at night, nightly.

nocturne /(ˌ)nɒkˈtɜːn/ /ˈnɑktɚn/ /ˈnɑkˌtɝn/ /ˈnɒktɜːn/ nocturnes n
nokturn
(music) A dreamlike or pensive composition, usually for the piano.

nod /nɑd/ /nɒd/ /nɔd/ v
kiwnąć kiwać
(ambitransitive) To incline the head up and down, as to indicate agreement.

node /noʊd/ /nəʊd/ nodes n
węzeł
(astronomy) The point where the orbit of a planet, as viewed from the Sun, intersects the ecliptic. The ascending and descending nodes refer respectively to the points where the planet moves from South to North and N to S; their respective symbols are ☊ and ☋.
(graph theory) A vertex or a leaf in a graph of a network, or other element in a data structure.
(physics) A point along a standing wave where the wave has minimal amplitude.

nodule /ˈnɑːd͡ʒuːl/ /ˈnɒdjuːl/ nodules n
guzek
A rounded mass or irregular shape; a little knot or lump.

noggin /ˈnɑɡn̩/ /ˈnɑɡɪn/ /ˈnɒɡɪn/ noggins n
kubeczek
A small mug, cup or ladle; the contents of such a container.

noise /nɔɪz/ noises n
hałas szum
(uncountable) Various sounds, usually unwanted or unpleasant.
szum
Sound or signal generated by random fluctuations.
(technology) Any part of a signal or data that reduces the clarity, precision, or quality of the desired output.

noise cancellation n
redukcja szumów

noiseless more noiseless most noiseless adj
bezgłośny bezszumny bezszumowy
Producing no noise; without noise.
Containing no noise.

noiselessly adv
bezgłośnie bezszmerowo bezszumnie
In a quiet manner, without any noise.

noiselessness n
bezgłośność

noisy /ˈnɔɪzi/ /ˈnɔːɪzɪ/ noisier noisiest adj
hałaśliwy huczny głośny
Making a noise, especially a loud unpleasant sound

nom /nɒm/ interjection
mniam
(colloquial) Used to denote eating, or enjoyment of eating. Commonly used as "nom nom nom".

nomad /ˈnoʊmæd/ /ˈnəʊmæd/ nomads n
nomada koczownik koczowniczka
(anthropology) A member of a society or class who herd animals from pasture to pasture with no fixed home.

nomadic /nəʊˈmæd.ɪk/ more nomadic most nomadic adj
koczowniczy nomadyczny
(figuratively) Of or related to any habitually wandering person or animal.
koczowniczy nomadyczny wędrowny
(anthropology) Of or related to itinerant herdsmen.

nomadism nomadisms n
nomadyzm koczownictwo
The way of life of a nomad or nomads.

nomarch nomarchs n
nomarcha
The chief administrator of a modern Greek nomarchy. [from 19th c.]

nome /noʊm/ /nəʊm/ nomes n
nom
A territorial division of ancient Egypt.

nomenclature /-ˈmɛn/ /nə(ʊ)ˈmɛŋ.klətʃə/ /ˈnoʊmənˌkleɪt͡ʃɚ/ /ˌnoʊmənˈkleɪt͡ʃɚ/ nomenclatures n
nomenklatura nazewnictwo
A set of rules used for forming the names or terms in a particular field of arts or sciences.

nomenklatura /nɒˌmɛnkləˈtjʊəɹə/ /nɒˌmɛnkləˈtʃʊəɹə/ nomenklaturas n
nomenklatura
(now, _, historical) A list of bureaucratic posts in government and industry in the former Soviet Union (or other communist countries), filled by those appointed by the Party. [from 20th c.]

nominal /ˈnɑ.mɪ.nəl/ /ˈnɒm.ɪ.nəl/ [ˈnɑ.mɪ.nl̩] [ˈnɒm.ɪ.nl̩] adj
nominalny
(finance) Of, relating to, or being the amount or face value of a sum of money or a stock certificate, for example, and not the purchasing power or market value.

nominalization nominalizations n
nominalizacja
(linguistics, countable) A noun derived from an adjective, verb, etc., often by adding a suffix such as -ity, -tion or -ism.

nominate /ˈnɑ.mə.neɪt/ /ˈnɑ.mɪ.neɪt/ /ˈnɒm.ə.neɪt/ /ˈnɒm.ɪ.neɪt/ v
nominować
To name someone as a candidate for a particular role or position, including that of an office.

nomination /ˌnɑmɪˈneɪʃən/ /ˌnɒmɪˈneɪʃən/ nominations n
nominacja
An act or instance of nominating.

nominative /ˈnɒmnətɪv/ /ˈnɒmɪnətɪv/ adj
mianowanie mianujący
(grammar) Being in that case or form of a noun which stands as the subject of a finite verb.

nominative absolute nominative absolutes nominatives absolute n
nominatywno-absolutywny
(grammar) A grammatically independent element of a sentence conveying additional circumstances; present:

nominative case nominative cases n
mianownik
(grammar) The case used to indicate the subject—or agent—of a finite verb.

nominee /ˌnɒmɪˈniː/ nominees n
kandydat nominat
A person named, or designated, by another, to any office, duty, or position; one nominated, or proposed, by others for office or for election to office.

nomogram /ˈnoʊ.məˌɡɹæm/ /ˈnɑ.məˌɡɹæm/ /ˈnɒ.məˌɡɹæm/ /ˈnəʊ.mə.ɡɹæm/ nomograms n
nomogram
(mathematics) A diagram in which the relationship between three variables is represented by a straight line or curve for each variable; the value of the third variable corresponding to particular values of the first two is obtained by drawing a straight line through the points on the first two curves that represent particular values of the first two variables and noting the point at which the line intersects the third line or curve.

nomophobia n
nomofobia

non sequitur /ˌnɑnˈsɛk.wɪ.tɚ/ /ˌnɒnˈsɛk.wɪ.tə/ non sequiturs non sequuntur n
błąd wnioskowania
(logic) Any invalid argument in which the conclusion cannot be logically deduced from the premises.

non- /ˈnɑn/ /ˈnɒn/ prefix
nie-
Used in the sense of no or none, to show lack of or failure to perform; or in the sense of not, to negate the meaning of the word to which it is prefixed.

non-Euclidean geometry non-Euclidean geometries n
geometria nieeuklidesowa
(geometry) Any system of geometry not based on the set of axioms of Euclidean geometry, which is based on the three-dimensional space of common experience.

non-binary /ˌnɔnˈbaɪ.nɚˌi/ /ˌnɔnˈbaɪ.nɛɹˌi/ adj
niebinarny niebinarna niebinarne
Having or pertaining to a gender identity not represented by the gender binary; not exclusively male or female; genderqueer.

non-breaking space non-breaking spaces n
spacja niełamiąca
(computing) A variant of the space character that prevents text from wrapping onto the next line at that point.

non-commissioned officer non-commissioned officers n
podoficer
A person of authority in the military who has not received a commission (a direct conveyance of authority from the sovereign government); as such they can have charge or control but not command in the most technical use of the word.

non-compete non-competes n
lojalka zakaz konkurencji
Such a clause.

non-disclosure agreement non-disclosure agreements n
lojalka umowa poufności
(legal, business) A contract that enjoins a party not to disclose certain information.

non-governmental adj
pozarządowy
Not belonging to, associated with or operated by a particular government.

non-governmental organization non-governmental organizations n
organizacja pozarządowa
A legally constituted non-commercial organization created by natural or legal persons with no participation or representation of any government.

non-intervention non-interventions n
nieinterwencja
(political science) The policy of a state of not intervening in the domestic affairs of another.

non-milch adj
niedojny

non-native speaker non-native speakers n
nierodzima użytkowniczka języka nierodzimy użytkownik języka
(linguistics) Someone who has another native tongue than the language being used.

non-negative adj
nieujemny

non-refoulement /ˌnɑnɹəˌfulˈmɑn/ /ˌnɒnɹəˈfuːlmɒ̃/ n
zasada non-refoulement
(international law) The principle that a person (particularly a refugee) should not be returned to an area (chiefly their country of origin) where they would face mistreatment.

non-smoker non-smokers n
niepalący
Somebody who does not smoke tobacco.

non-verbal /ˌnɑnˈvɝ.bl̩/ /ˌnɒnˈvɜː.bl̩/ adj
niewerbalny
(of communication) In a form other than written or spoken words, such as gestures, facial expressions or body language.

nonacceptance nonacceptances n
nieakceptacja

nonacosane nonacosanes n
nonakozan

nonadecane nonadecanes n
nonadekan

nonaggression nonaggressions n
nieagresja
an absence of aggression

nonagon /ˈnɑn.ə.ɡɑn/ /ˈnɒn.ə.ɡən/ nonagons n
dziewięciokąt
(geometry) A polygon with nine sides and nine angles; an enneagon.

nonalcoholic adj
bezalkoholowy
Containing no more than trace amounts of alcohol.

nonalingual adj
dziewięciojęzyczny

nonambition n
brak ambicji

nonbeliever nonbelievers n
bezwyznaniowiec niewierząca niewierzący
a person who does not believe, especially regarding religion.

nonce word nonce words n
okazjonalizm
(lexicography) A word invented for the occasion.

nonchalant /ˈnɒn.ʃəl.ənt/ /ˌnɑn.ʃəˈlɑnt/ more nonchalant most nonchalant adj
luzacki swobodny wyluzowany
Casually calm and relaxed.
nonszalancki
Indifferent; unconcerned; behaving as if detached.

nonchalantly more nonchalantly most nonchalantly adv
nonszalancko
In a nonchalant manner.

noncitizen noncitizens n
nieobywatel nieobywatelka
Someone who is not a citizen of the country in question

noncommittal /ˌnɑnkəˈmɪtl̩/ /ˌnɒnkəˈmɪtl̩/ more noncommittal most noncommittal adj
niezdecydowany wymijający
Tending to avoid commitment; lacking certainty or decisiveness; reluctant to give out information or show one's feelings or opinion.

nonconformist nonconformists n
nonkonformista
Someone who does not conform to accepted beliefs, customs or practices. [from 17th c.]

nonconformity nonconformities n
nonkonformizm
Refusal to conform to the doctrine, discipline, or practice of a state religion, especially refusal by other Protestants to conform to the doctrine or discipline of the Church of England; the principles or practice of nonconformists; nonconformists as a class.

noncontact adj
bezdotykowy bezstykowy

noncontractual adj
bezumowny
Not contractual.

nonconvexity nonconvexities n
niewypukłość

nondegenerate adj
nie mający wielu wektorów własnych

nondenominational adj
bezwyznaniowy
Lacking a denomination; not specific to a particular religion or sect.

nondenominationality n
bezwyznaniowość

nondenominationally adv
bezwyznaniowo

nondifferentiable adj
nieróżniczkowalny

none /nʌn/ pronoun
żaden
Not any of a given number or group.

none of your beeswax phraseologicalUnit
nie twoja sprawa
A riposte to badgering questioning, expressing a refusal to answer, and an insistence that the questioner cease prying any further.

none other than phraseologicalUnit
nikt inny jak
(idiomatic) Used to qualify a person whose eminence may be more than one would expect in the given situation.

nonentity nonentities n
miernota
(countable) An unimportant or insignificant person.

nonerotic adj
aerotyczny nieerotyczny

nonetheless /ˌnʌnðəˈlɛs/ adv
niemniej jednak jednakowoż jednakże

nonexhaustive adj
niewyczerpujący

nonexistence nonexistences n
nieistnienie
The state of not existing.

nonexistent adj
nieistniejący
Not existent or existing; not real.

nonfiction nonfictions n
literatura faktu
Written works intended to give facts, or true accounts of real things and events. Often used attributively.

nonfree adj
płatny
(rare) Not free, not free of charge, that costs money, that must be paid for, that must be purchased; paid (as in paid service); pay (as in pay channel); cash (as in cash bar).

nonhard adj
nietwardy

noninvasive adj
bezinwazyjny
(medicine) Of a surgical or other medical procedure, not requiring an incision.

noninvasively adv
bezinwazyjnie

nonkilling nonkillings n
niezabijanie
A precept or worldview that affirms the possibility of a society where killing is absent.

nonmagnetic adj
amagnetyczny niemagnetyczny
Not magnetic; not affected by a magnet.

nonmetal nonmetals n
niemetal
(chemistry) An element, such as phosphorus or chlorine, that does not have the chemical or physical properties of a metal.

nonnormative adj
anormatywny nienormatywny

nonpartisan adj
bezpartyjny

nonpartisan nonpartisans n
bezpartyjna

nonpartisanship n
bezpartyjność

nonplacental adj
bezłożyskowiec

nonplussed /nɒnˈplʌst/ /ˌnɑnˈplʌst/ more nonplussed most nonplussed adj
skonsternowany
Unsure how to act or respond; bewildered, perplexed. [from early 17th c.]

nonpolar adj
niepolarny
(physics) Not containing a dipole.

nonpracticing adj
niepraktykujący
Not practicing; of a person in a particular profession, not engaged in the practice of that profession; of a person born into a particular religion, not abiding by the rituals and mores of that religion.

nonprefixed adj
bezprefiksalny bezprzedrostkowy

nonprofessional adj
amatorski
not professional; amateur

nonprofit adj
niedochodowy non-profit
Not seeking to produce a profit (a financial gain).

nonprofit nonprofits n
organizacja non-profit
Ellipsis of nonprofit organization: an organization that exists for reasons other than to make a profit, such as a charitable, educational or service organization.

nonproliferation nonproliferations n
nierozprzestrzenianie

nonpyrogenic adj
niepirogeniczny niepirogenny
(pathology, chemistry, geology) Not pyrogenic.

nonreflexive adj
bezrefleksyjny

nonreflexively adv
bezrefleksyjnie

nonreligious adj
areligijny niereligijny
not religious

nonreligiously adv
areligijnie niereligijnie

nonrepudiation n
niezaprzeczalność
(telecommunication) Assurance that the claimed sender or recipient is in fact the party who sent or received a given message.

nonresistant adj
bezoporny

nonreturnable adj
bezzwrotny

nonsense /ˈnɑn.sɛns/ /ˈnɒn.səns/ nonsenses n
nonsens bzdura niedorzeczność absurd androny bajdura
Letters or words, in writing or speech, that have no meaning or pattern or seem to have no meaning.

nonsensical more nonsensical most nonsensical adj
bezsensowny nonsensowny
Without sense; absurd.

nonsensically more nonsensically most nonsensically adv
bezsensownie
In a nonsensical manner.

nonseparable adj
nierozłączny

nonskid adj
antypoślizgowy

nonslip adj
antypoślizgowy

nonsmearing adj
[[nie-]]mażący się

nonsoft adj
nie miękki

nonsomatic adj
asomatyczny bezcielesny

nonstandard more nonstandard most nonstandard adj
niestandardowy nietypowy
Not standard.
nieliteracki nienormatywny niestandardowy substandardowy
(linguistics) Not conforming to the standard variety, or to the language as used by the majority of its speakers.

nonstop /ˌnɑnˈstɑp/ /ˌnɒnˈstɒp/ adj
bezpośredni nieprzerwany non stop
Without stopping; without interruption or break.

nonstop /ˌnɑnˈstɑp/ /ˌnɒnˈstɒp/ adv
bez przerwy bez przestanku bez ustanku cały czas ciurkiem ciągle
Without stopping; without interruption or break

nonswimmer nonswimmers n
nie pływaczka nie pływak
One who is not a swimmer, who does not or cannot swim.

nonsyllabic adj
asylabiczny niesylabiczny niezgłoskotwórczy

nontoxic adj
atoksyczny nietoksyczny

nonuniform adj
niejednostajny
Not uniform.

nonvibrating adj
bezwibracyjny

nonwoven nonwovens n
włóknina
Any of various fabriclike materials made from long fibres bonded together by chemical or mechanical processes.

nonzero adj
niezerowy
(mathematics, of a quantity) Not equal to zero.

nonzonal adj
astrefowy

noob /n(j)uːb/ noobs n
nowicjusz
(Internet slang, derogatory) A newb or newbie; refers to the idea that someone is new to a game, concept, or idea; implying a lack of experience. Also, in some areas the word noob can mean someone is obsessed with things.

noobish more noobish most noobish adj
noobowski
(Internet slang) Like a noob; naive or foolish.

noodle /nud(ə)l/ /nuːdl̩/ noodles n
kluski nudle
(usually, in the plural) A string or flat strip of pasta or other dough, usually cooked (at least initially) by boiling, and served in soup or in a dry form mixed with a sauce and other ingredients.

nook /nuːk/ /nʊk/ nooks n
wnęka
A small corner formed by two walls; an alcove.
zakamarek zakątek
A hidden or secluded spot; a secluded retreat.

noon /nuːn/ noons n
południe
(now, rare) The corresponding time in the middle of the night; midnight.

noose /nuːs/ nooses n
pętla stryczek
An adjustable loop of rope, such as the one placed around the neck in hangings, or the one at the end of a lasso.

nopal /noʊˈpɑl/ /ˈnəʊpəl/ nopal nopals n
opuncja
A prickly pear cactus from the genus Opuntia, especially Opuntia cochinellifera; the edible pads (fleshy leaves) of the cactus, considered as food.

nor /nɔɹ/ /nɔː/ conjunction
ani
(literary) And... not (introducing a negative statement, without necessarily following one).
A function word introducing each except the first term of a series, indicating none of them is true.
(archaic) Neither.
Used to introduce a further negative statement.
(UK, dialect) Than.

norm /nɔːm/ norms n
norma
That which is normal or typical.
(mathematics) A function, generally denoted v\mapsto\left|v\right| or v\mapsto\left\|v\right\|, that maps vectors to non-negative scalars and has the following properties:

normal /ˈnɔɹm(ə)l/ /ˈnɔːml̩/ more normal most normal normaler normalest adj
normalny zwykły
According to norms or rules or to a regular pattern.
normalny zwykły zwyczajny
(set theory, of a function from the ordinals to the ordinals) Which is strictly monotonically increasing and continuous with respect to the order topology.

normal /ˈnɔɹm(ə)l/ /ˈnɔːml̩/ normals n
normik
(slang, countable) A person who is normal, who fits into mainstream society, as opposed to those who live alternative lifestyles.

normal distribution normal distributions n
rozkład normalny
(statistics) Any of a family of continuous probability distributions such that the probability density function is the Gaussian function

normal saline normal salines n
sól fizjologiczna
(medicine) A solution of 0.9% w/v of NaCl, about 300 mOsm/L.

normal subgroup normal subgroups n
podgrupa normalna
(group theory) A subgroup H of a group G that is invariant under conjugation; that is, for all elements h of H and for all elements g in G, the element ghg−1 is in H.

normal time n
regulaminowy czas
(sports) The standard period of play, contrasted with any additional periods such as injury time, extra time or penalty shootout.

normalcy /ˈnɔɹməlsi/ normalcies n
normalność
(US) The state of being normal; the fact of being normal; normality.

normality /noːˈmæl.ə.ti/ /nɔɹˈmæl.ə.ti/ /nɔːˈmæl.ɪ.ti/ [nɔɹˈmæl.ə.ɾi] normalities n
normalność
(uncountable) The state of being normal or usual; normalcy.
(chemistry) The concentration of a solution expressed in gram equivalent weights of solute per litre of solution.

normalization /ˌnɔɹ.mə.ləˈzeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌnɔɹ.məˌlaɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ [ˈnoː.mə.ləˈzæɪ.ʃn̩] [ˈnɔː.mə.ləˈzeɪ.ʃn̩] [ˌnoː.məˌlɑɪˈzæɪ.ʃn̩] [ˌnɔː.məˌlaɪˈzeɪ.ʃn̩] normalizations n
normalizacja
Any process that makes something more normal or regular, which typically means conforming to some regularity or rule, or returning from some state of abnormality.

normalize /ˈnɔɹ.mə.laɪz/ /ˈnɔː.mə.laɪz/ v
unormować
(statistics, transitive) To reduce the variations by excluding irrelevant aspects.

normation normations n
normalizacja normotwórstwo normowanie unormowanie
The establishment of a norm.

normative /ˈnoː.mə.tɪv/ /ˈnɔɹ.mə.tɪv/ /ˈnɔː.mə.tɪv/ [ˈnɔɹ.mə.ɾɪv] more normative most normative adj
normatywny
Of or pertaining to a norm or standard.
dyrektywalny normatywny normotwórczy
Attempting to establish or prescribe a norm.

normativization normativizations n
normatywizacja

north /noɹθ/ /noːθ/ /nɔəθ/ /nɔː(ɹ)θ/ /nɔːθ/ [no̞ɹθ] adj
północny
Of or pertaining to the north; northern.
Toward the north; northward.
(ecclesiastical) Designating, or situated in, the liturgical north (in a church, the direction to the left-hand side of a person facing the altar).
północny północ
(meteorology) Of wind, from the north.

north /noɹθ/ /noːθ/ /nɔəθ/ /nɔː(ɹ)θ/ /nɔːθ/ [no̞ɹθ] adv
na północ
Toward the north; northward; northerly.

north /noɹθ/ /noːθ/ /nɔəθ/ /nɔː(ɹ)θ/ /nɔːθ/ [no̞ɹθ] norths n
północ
The direction towards the pole to the left-hand side of someone facing east, specifically 0°, or (on another celestial object) the direction towards the pole lying on the northern side of the invariable plane.
The up or positive direction.
(physics) The positive or north pole of a magnet, which seeks the magnetic pole near Earth's geographic North Pole (which, for its magnetic properties, is a south pole).
Alternative letter-case form of North (“a northern region; the inhabitants thereof”). [circa 1300]
(ecclesiastical) In a church: the direction to the left-hand side of a person facing the altar.

north pole /ˌnɔɹθ ˈpoʊl/ /ˌnɔːθ ˈpəʊl/ north poles n
biegun północny
The northernmost point on celestial bodies other than Earth.
(electromagnetism) The positive pole of a magnetic dipole that seeks geographic north.

northeast northeasts n
północny wschód
The intercardinal compass point halfway between north and east; specifically at a bearing of 45°.

northeastern /ˌnorˈθiː.stɚn/ /ˌnɔːˈθiː.stn̩/ more northeastern most northeastern adj
północno-wschodni
Of, related to, located in, or from the northeast.

northern /ˈnɒðə(ɹ)n/ /ˈnɔɹðɚn/ /ˈnɔːðn̩/ /ˈnɔːðən/ more northern most northern adj
północny
Of, facing, situated in, or related to the north; northerly.
(of a wind) Blowing from the north; northerly.

northern birch mouse northern birch mice n
smużka leśna
A rodent classified either in the family Sminthidae or in the Dipodidae, Sicista betulina that is found in subarctic and cool temperate Asia from Scandinavia to Lake Baikal.

northern gannet northern gannets n
głuptak
A seabird, Morus bassanus.

northern goshawk northern goshawks n
jastrząb zwyczajny
Accipiter gentilis, a bird of prey of the family Accipitridae.

northern jacana northern jacanas n
długoszpon żółtoczelny
Jacana spinosa, a wader in the family Jacanidae.

northern lapwing northern lapwings n
czajka
A crested plover, Vanellus vanellus.

northern lights n
zorza polarna
The aurora of the northern hemisphere.

northern pintail northern pintails n
rożeniec
A large duck of the species Anas acuta, of wide geographic distribution.

northern shoveler northern shovelers n
płaskonos
Spatula clypeata, formerly Anas clypeata, a duck breeding in northern areas of Europe and across the Palearctic and across most of North America.

northern shrike northern shrikes n
srokosz północny
Lanius borealis, a large songbird species in the shrike family (Laniidae) native to North America and Siberia.

northern wheatear northern wheatears n
białorzytka
Oenanthe oenanthe, an Old World flycatcher.

northwestern /nɔːθˈwɛst.ə(ɹ)n/ /nɔːθˈwɛstn̩/ more northwestern most northwestern adj
północno-zachodni

nose [noʊ̯z] [noːz] [nəwz] [nəʊ̯z] noses n
nos
A protuberance on the face housing the nostrils, which are used to breathe or smell.
A snout, the nose of an animal.
The tip of an object.
The skill in recognising bouquet.

nose [noʊ̯z] [noːz] [nəwz] [nəʊ̯z] v
wścibiać nos
(intransitive) To snoop.
węszyć
(transitive) To push with one's nose; to nuzzle.

nose-picking nose-pickings n
dłubanie w nosie
(mostly, uncountable) Insertion of one's finger into one's nostril, especially to remove mucus.

noseband nosebands n
nachrapnik
The part of a bridle or halter that goes over the nose of an animal, particularly a horse.

nosebleed /ˈnoʊzˌblid/ /ˈnəʊzˌbliːd/ nosebleeds n
krwawienie z nosa
A haemorrhage from the nose; usually, blood flow exiting the nostrils that originates from the nasal cavity.

noseclip noseclips n
zacisk na nos
A device that holds a person's nostrils closed to prevent water from entering, or air from escaping, during swimming and other aquatic activities.

nosedive /ˈnəʊzdaɪv/ nosedives n
skok na główkę
A headfirst fall or jump.
skoczyć na główkę
(economics, etc.) A rapid fall, e.g. in price or value.

nosegay /ˈnoʊzˌɡeɪ/ /ˈnəʊzɡeɪ/ nosegays n
bukiecik
A small bunch of fragrant flowers or herbs tied in a bundle, often presented as a gift; nosegays were originally intended to be put to the nose for the pleasant sensation or to mask unpleasant odours. [from 15th c.]

noseless adj
beznosy
Lacking a nose.

nosey parker nosey parkers n
ciekawski
(UK, Ireland) An overly inquisitive or prying person.

nosology nosologies n
nozologia
The study of diseases; the systematic investigation or classification of disease.

nostalgia /nɑˈstæld͡ʒə/ /nɑˈstɑld͡ʒə/ /nɒˈstæld͡ʒə/ /nɔˈstæld͡ʒə/ /nɔˈstɑld͡ʒə/ /nəˈstæld͡ʒə/ /nəˈstæɫd͡ʒə/ /nəˈstɑld͡ʒə/ nostalgias n
nostalgia
(transferred sense) A bittersweet yearning for the things of the past. [from 20th c.]

nostalgic more nostalgic most nostalgic adj
nostalgiczny
Of, having, or relating to nostalgia.

nostalgically more nostalgically most nostalgically adv
nostalgicznie
In a nostalgic manner.

nostrification nostrifications n
nostryfikacja
The process or act of granting recognition to a degree from a foreign university.

nostrify /ˈnɑs.tɹə.faɪ/ /ˈnɒs.tɹɪ.faɪ/ v
nostryfikować
To nostrificate; to grant recognition to a degree from a foreign university.

nostril /ˈnɒstɹəl/ /ˈnɒstɹɪl/ nostrils n
nozdrze
Either of the two orifices located on the nose (or on the beak of a bird); used as a passage for air and other gases to travel the nasal passages.

nostrum /ˈnɑ.stɹəm/ /ˈnɒs.tɹəm/ nostra nostrums n
lekarstwo na wszystko nostrum panaceum
A medicine or remedy in conventional use which has not been proven to have any desirable medical effects.

nosy /ˈnoʊzi/ /ˈnəʊziː/ more nosy most nosy nosier nosiest adj
wścibski
Prying, inquisitive or curious in other’s affairs; tending to snoop or meddle.
nosaty
Having a large or elongated nose.

not /nɑt/ /nɒt/ /nɔt/ [nɑ̈ʔt̚] [nɒt] [nɒʔ(t)] [nɔt] [nɞʔt] adv
nie
Negates the meaning of the modified verb.

not /nɑt/ /nɒt/ /nɔt/ [nɑ̈ʔt̚] [nɒt] [nɒʔ(t)] [nɔt] [nɞʔt] conjunction
nie a nie
And not.

not all heroes wear capes proverb
nie wszyscy bohaterowie noszą peleryny

not an option phraseologicalUnit
nie ma mowy

not at all [ˈnɑɾəˈɾɑɫ] [ˈnɑɾəˈɾɔɫ] [ˈnɒtʰəˈtʰɔːɫ] [ˈnɔɾəˈɾoːɫ] adv
wcale nie
(emphatic) Not in the least.

not at all [ˈnɑɾəˈɾɑɫ] [ˈnɑɾəˈɾɔɫ] [ˈnɒtʰəˈtʰɔːɫ] [ˈnɔɾəˈɾoːɫ] interjection
nie ma za co proszę
(idiomatic) Used similarly to you're welcome, as a conventional reply to an expression of gratitude.

not bad adj
niezgorszy niezły
(litotes) Reasonably good.

not for nothing phraseologicalUnit
nie bez powodu
For an extremely good reason.

not forgetting conjunction
nie zapominając (o)

not guilty adj
niewinny
(legal) Of a person, legally innocent of a crime which they have been accused of in a court of law.

not have a pot to piss in v
nie śmierdzieć groszem

not know which end is up v
nie wiedzieć gdzie góra, a gdzie dół
(idiomatic) To have no common sense; to be ignorant of the most basic facts; to be very confused.

not on your life adv
nigdy w życiu
(idiomatic) Absolutely not; under no circumstances.

not one's first rodeo phraseologicalUnit
być dla kogoś nie pierwszy raz być dla kogoś nie pierwszyzna
(informal, idiomatic) Not the first time one has been in a particular situation; used to indicate past experience.

not only … but also conjunction
nie tylko … ale też nie tylko … lecz także

not so fast phraseologicalUnit
nie tak szybko
(idiomatic) Used to tell someone to stop doing something.

not that conjunction
nie to że nie żeby

not that I know of interjection
z tego, co wiem, nie

not the sharpest knife in the drawer not the sharpest knives in the drawer n
zakuty łeb
(humorous, euphemistic) Lacking in intelligence; dimwitted.

not to mention conjunction
co dopiero nie mówiąc już o nie mówiąc o nie wspominając już o nie wspominając o
(idiomatic) An apophasis used by a speaker to introduce, despite claiming not to address, a given point of discussion.

not to put too fine a point on it /nɑt tə ˌpʊt tu ˌfaɪn ə ˈpɔɪnt ɑn ət/ /nɒt tʊ ˌpʊt tuː ˌfaɪn ə ˈpɔɪnt ɒn ɪt/ phraseologicalUnit
mówiąc bez ogródek
(idiomatic) Used to apologize for a possibly impolite statement one is making; to put it bluntly; to express it in plain terms.

not to say conjunction
żeby nie powiedzieć
Even; perhaps; almost.

not touch with a ten-foot pole v
unikać za wszelką cenę
(idiomatic) To avoid something at all costs; to refuse to associate with something; signifies a strong aversion.

not yet adv
jeszcze nie
Not for the moment, though expected later.

notary /ˈnoʊtəɹi/ notaries n
notariusz notariuszka
(legal, Canada, US) A notary public, a public officer who serves as an impartial witness to the signing of important documents, but who is not authorised to practise law.

notation /noʊˈteɪʃən/ notations n
notacja
(uncountable) A system of characters, symbols, or abbreviated expressions used in an art or science or in mathematics or logic to express technical facts or quantities.

notch /nɑt͡ʃ/ /nɒtʃ/ notches n
karb nacięcie wręb
A V-shaped cut.
nacięcie narzaz
Such a cut, used for keeping a record.

notch /nɑt͡ʃ/ /nɒtʃ/ v
karbować nacinać naciąć narzynać narżnąć wrębiać
(transitive) To fit (an arrow) to a bow by means of the notch cut at the end of the arrow; to nock.

note /noʊt/ /nəʊt/ notes n
nota wzmianka nuta
A brief remark; a marginal comment or explanation; hence, an annotation on a text or author; a comment; a critical, explanatory, or illustrative observation.
nota
A diplomatic missive or written communication.
notatka notka
A brief piece of writing intended to assist the memory; a memorandum; a minute.
A short informal letter; a billet.
nuta
(music) A sound.
A character, variously formed, to indicate the length of a tone, and variously placed upon the staff to indicate its pitch.
renoma
(uncountable) Reputation; distinction.
uwaga
(obsolete) Notification; information; intelligence.

note /noʊt/ /nəʊt/ v
zauważać zauważyć
(transitive) To notice with care; to observe; to remark; to heed.

notebook /ˈnoʊtˌbʊk/ /ˈnəʊtˌbʊk/ notebooks n
zeszyt notes kajet
(computing, sometimes, attributive) A kind of user interface in literate programming, allowing calculations to be interspersed with human-readable comments, diagrams, etc.
laptop notebook
(computing) Ellipsis of notebook computer. A laptop.

noteless adj
beznutowy

notepad notepads n
notatnik notes
A pad of paper, often bound, in which one jots down notes; a notebook.

nothing /ˈnʌθɪŋ/ [ˈnʌʔn̩] nothings n
nic
Something trifling, or of no consequence or importance.
A nobody (insignificant person).

nothing /ˈnʌθɪŋ/ [ˈnʌʔn̩] pronoun
nic nic takiego
Not any thing; no thing.

nothingness nothingnesses n
nicość
The state of nonexistence; the condition of being nothing.

notice /ˈnoʊtɪs/ /ˈnəʊtɪs/ [ˈnoʊɾɪs] notices n
awizacja awizo
(countable) A written or printed announcement.
wymówienie
(chiefly, uncountable) Advance notification of termination of employment, given by an employer to an employee or vice versa.

notice /ˈnoʊtɪs/ /ˈnəʊtɪs/ [ˈnoʊɾɪs] v
zauważyć zauważać
(transitive) To become aware of; to observe. [from 17th c.]

notice period notice periods n
okres wypowiedzenia
(labour law) The time period between the receipt of the letter of dismissal and the last working day.

noticeable /ˈnoʊtɪsəbl̩/ /ˈnəʊtɪsəbl̩/ more noticeable most noticeable adj
zauważalny
Capable of being seen or noticed.

notification /ˌnoʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ /ˌnəʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ notifications n
powiadomienie
(countable) A specific piece of information that serves to notify.

notify /ˈnoʊtɪfaɪ/ v
awizować notyfikować zaawizować
(transitive) To give (someone) notice (of some event). [from mid-15th c.]

notion /ˈnoʊʃən/ /ˈnəʊʃən/ notions n
pojęcie
Mental apprehension of whatever may be known, thought, or imagined; idea, concept.

notochord notochords n
struna grzbietowa

notorious /noʊ-/ /nə(ʊ)ˈtɔː.ɹɪ.əs/ /nəˈtɔ.ɹi.əs/ more notorious most notorious adj
notoryczny
Of a person or entity: generally or widely known for something negative; infamous.

notwithstanding /ˌnɑtwɪθˈstændɪŋ/ /ˌnɒtwɪðˈstændɪŋ/ postposition
pomimo mimo
In spite of, despite.

nougat /ˈnuɡət/ /ˈnuːɡɑː/ /ˈnʌɡɪt/ nougats n
nugat
(uncountable) A mixture consisting of egg white and a sweetener, variously mixed with (in, _, western, _, Europe) almonds or (in, _, eastern, _, Europe) hazelnuts or (in, _, America) used without nuts as a filler in candy bars.

noumenal adj
noumenalny
(philosophy, especially Kantianism) Of or pertaining to the noumenon or the realm of things as they are in themselves.

noumenon /ˈnaʊmənɒn/ /ˈnumənɑn/ /ˈnuːmənɒn/ noumena n
noumen noumenon rzecz sama w sobie
(from Kantian, _, philosophy, _, on) A thing as it is independent of any conceptualization or perception by the human mind, postulated by practical reason but existing in a condition which is in principle unknowable and unexperienceable.

noun /naʊn/ /næːn/ nouns n
rzeczownik
(grammar, narrow sense) A word that functions as the name of a specific object or set of objects, such as person, animal, place, word, thing, phenomenon, substance, quality, or idea; one of the basic parts of speech in many languages, including English.
imię
(grammar, now rare, broad sense) Either a word that can be used to refer to a person, animal, place, thing, phenomenon, substance, quality or idea, or a word that modifies or describes a previous word or its referent; a substantive or adjective, sometimes also including other parts of speech such as numeral or pronoun.

noun numeral nouns numeral n
liczebnik
(grammar) A noun that represents a number

noun phrase noun phrases n
fraza rzeczownikowa grupa nominalna
(grammar) A phrase that has a noun (or indefinite pronoun) as its head or performs the same grammatical function as a noun.

nourish a viper in one's bosom v
hodować żmiję na własnym łonie
(idiom) To do acts of kindness that will be met with ingratitude and will cause one harm in the end.

nourishing more nourishing most nourishing adj
pożywny
That provides nourishment; nutritious.

nourishment /ˈnɝɪʃmənt/ /ˈnʊɹɪʃmənt/ /ˈnʌɹɪʃmənt/ nourishments n
pożywienie
Something that nourishes; food

nouveau riche /ˌnu.voʊ ˈɹiʃ/ /ˌnu.voʊ ˈɹɪtʃ/ /ˌnuː.vəʊ ˈɹiːʃ/ nouveaux riches n
nowobogacki dorobkiewicz nowobogacz nuworysz parweniusz
(pejorative) New money; wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy.

novel /ˈnɑvəl/ /ˈnɒvəl/ [ˈnɒvl̩] more novel most novel adj
nowy
Original, especially in an interesting way; new and striking; not of the typical or ordinary type.

novel /ˈnɑvəl/ /ˈnɒvəl/ [ˈnɒvl̩] novels n
powieść nowela
A work of prose fiction, longer than a novella. [from 17th c.]

novelist /ˈnɑvəlɪst/ /ˈnɒvəlɪst/ novelists n
powieściopisarz powieściopisarka beletrysta beletrystka
An author of novels.

novelty /ˈnɑvəlti/ /ˈnɒvəlti/ novelties n
nowalijka nowinka
A new product; an innovation.

novemdecillion /ˌnoʊvəmdəˈsɪl.i.ən/ novemdecillions numeral
decylion
(US; modern British & Australian, short scale, rare) 1060.
(dated British & Australian, long scale, rare) 10114.
A very large number

novena novenae novenas n
nowenna
(Roman Catholicism) A recitation of prayers and devotions for nine consecutive days, especially one to a saint to ask for their intercession.

novice /ˈnɑvɪs/ /ˈnɒvɪs/ novices n
nowicjusz nowicjuszka
(religion) A new member of a religious order accepted on a conditional basis, prior to confirmation. [from 14th c.]

novichok novichoks n
nowiczok
Any of a group of deadly organophosphate nerve agents developed by the Soviet Union in the 1970s and 1980s to evade restrictions on chemical weapons.

now /naʊ/ adv
teraz obecnie aktualnie nynie w tej chwili w tym momencie
At the present time.

now /naʊ/ interjection
już teraz
Indicates a signal to begin.

now and then /ˌnaʊ ən(d) ˈðɛn/ adv
od czasu do czasu raz na jakiś czas
(idiomatic) sometimes; occasionally; intermittently

now that conjunction
skoro
As a consequence of the fact that; since.

nowadays /ˈnaʊ.ə.deɪz/ adv
obecnie teraz współcześnie
At the present time; in the current era. [from 14th c.]

nowhere /ˈnoʊ.(h)wɛɹ/ /ˈnəʊ.wɛə/ adv
nigdzie
In no place.
donikąd
To no place.

noxious /ˈnɒkʃəs/ more noxious most noxious adj
niezdrowy szkodliwy
Harmful; injurious.

nozzle /ˈnɒzəl/ nozzles n
dysza
A short tube, usually tapering, forming the vent of a hose or pipe.
króciec
A short outlet or inlet pipe projecting from the end or side of a hollow vessel, as a steam-engine cylinder or a steam boiler.

nth /ɛnθ/ adj
enty n-ty
(mathematics) Occurring at position n in a sequence.

nu /njuː/ /nu/ nus n
ni ny
The letter of the Greek alphabet Ν and ν.

nuance /ˈnjuː.ɑːns/ /ˈnuː.ɑːns/ nuances n
niuans
A minor distinction.
niuans subtelność
Subtlety or fine detail.

nuance /ˈnjuː.ɑːns/ /ˈnuː.ɑːns/ v
niuansować zniuansować

nubile /ˈnjuːbaɪl/ /ˈnubaɪl/ more nubile most nubile adj
na wydanie
Of an age suitable for marriage; marriageable (principally of a young woman). [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

nuclear /ˈn(j)u.kjə.lɚ/ /ˈn(j)u.kli.ɚ/ /ˈnjuː.klɪə(ɹ)/ adj
nuklearny
Pertaining to the nucleus of an atom. [from 20th c.]
nuklearny jądrowy
Involving energy released by nuclear reactions (fission, fusion, radioactive decay). [from 20th c.]
Relating to a weapon that derives its force from rapid release of energy through nuclear reactions. [from 20th c.]
jądrowy nuklearny
(biology) Pertaining to the nucleus of a cell. [from 19th c.]

nuclear bomb nuclear bombs n
bomba jądrowa
A nuclear weapon

nuclear energy n
energetyka jądrowa
The energy released by a nuclear reaction; either through nuclear fission or nuclear fusion

nuclear family nuclear families n
rodzina nuklearna
A family unit consisting of two parents (traditionally a mother and a father) and their children.

nuclear fission nuclear fissions n
rozszczepienie rozszczepienie jądra atomowego
(nuclear physics) A nuclear reaction in which a large nucleus splits into smaller ones, sometimes accompanied by the simultaneous release of energy.

nuclear fusion nuclear fusions n
fuzja jądrowa reakcja termojądrowa
(nuclear physics) The combining of the nuclei of small atoms to form the nuclei of larger ones, with a resulting release of large quantities of energy; the process that makes the sun shine, and hydrogen bombs explode.

nuclear physicist nuclear physicists n
jądrowiec

nuclear physics n
fizyka jądrowa
The branch of physics that studies the nucleus of the atom, its internal structure and components.

nuclear power plant nuclear power plants n
elektrownia atomowa elektrownia jądrowa
A power plant that obtains its primary energy from the heat generated in nuclear reactions.

nuclear reaction nuclear reactions n
reakcja jądrowa
A process such as the fission of an atomic nucleus, or the fusion of one or more atomic nuclei and/or subatomic particles in which the number of protons and/or neutrons in a nucleus changes; the reaction products may contain a different element or a different isotope of the same element.

nuclear reactor nuclear reactors n
reaktor jądrowy
(physics) Any device in which a controlled chain reaction is maintained for the purpose of creating heat (for power generation) or for creating neutrons and other fission products for experimental, medical or other purposes.

nuclear war nuclear wars n
wojna atomowa wojna jądrowa wojna nuklearna
A war fought using nuclear (fission and/or fusion) weapons.

nuclear weapon nuclear weapons n
broń jądrowa broń atomowa broń nuklearna
A weapon that derives its energy from the nuclear reactions of either fission or fusion.

nuclear winter nuclear winters n
zima nuklearna
A predicted drop in global temperature following a nuclear war due to dust in the upper atmosphere reducing sunlight reaching the ground.

nuclear-free adj
bezatomowy
Free of nuclear weapons and/or nuclear power stations, especially by official declaration.

nuclear-free zone nuclear-free zones n
strefa bezatomowa
An area in which the local or regional authorities have banned nuclear weapons and nuclear power stations.

nucleic acid /njuːˈkleɪ.ɪk ˈæsɪd/ /njuːˈkliː.ɪk ˈæsɪd/ /nuˈkleɪ.ɪk ˈæsɪd/ nucleic acids n
kwas nukleinowy
(biochemistry, genetics) Any acidic, chainlike biological macromolecule consisting of multiple repeat units of phosphoric acid, sugar and purine and pyrimidine bases; they are involved in the preservation, replication and expression of hereditary information in every living cell

nucleolus nucleoli n
jąderko nukleolus
(cytology) A conspicuous, rounded body within the nucleus of a cell.

nucleon /ˈn(j)uːkliɒn/ nucleons n
nukleon
A proton (uud) or a neutron (udd).

nucleosynthesis nucleosyntheses n
nukleosynteza
(physics, astronomy) Any of several processes that lead to the synthesis of heavier atomic nuclei.

nucleus /ˈnjuː.kli.əs/ /ˈnuː.kli.əs/ nuclei nucleuses n
jądro
The core, central part of something, around which other elements are assembled.
(chemistry, physics) The massive, positively charged central part of an atom, made up of protons and neutrons.
(phonetics, phonology) The central part of a syllable, most commonly a vowel.
rdzeń jądro
An initial part or version that will receive additions.
jądro jądro komórkowe nukleus
(cytology) A large membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells which contains genetic material.

nude /n(j)uːd/ nuder nudest adj
nagi goły
Without clothing or other covering of the skin; without clothing on the genitals or female nipples.

nude /n(j)uːd/ nudes n
akt
A painting, sculpture, photograph or other artwork or mass-media-reproduced image depicting one or more human figure(s) in a state of near or total undress.

nudge /nʌd͡ʒ/ v
szturchać szturchnąć
(transitive) To push against gently, especially in order to gain attention or give a signal.

nudism /njuː.dɪzəm/ nudisms n
nudyzm
The belief in or practice of going nude in social, nonsexualized and frequently mixed-gender groups specifically in cultures where going nude in the social situation is not the norm.

nudist /ˈnudɪst/ adj
nudystyczny
(usually attributive) Relating to nudists and nudism.

nudist /ˈnudɪst/ nudists n
nudystka nudysta
A person who practices nudism.

nudist beach nudist beaches n
plaża nudystów
a beach where full nudity in public is permitted.

nudity /ˈnjudɪˌti/ /ˈnudɪti/ nudities n
nagość
(uncountable) The state or quality of being without clothing on the body; specifically, the quality of being without clothing on the genitals.

nudiustertian /n(j)ʊdi.əsˈtɜʃɪən/ adj
przedwczorajszy
(rare, obsolete, modern uses probably, _, humorous) Of or relating to the day before yesterday; very recent.

nugget /ˈnʌɡət/ nuggets n
bryłka
(countable) A small, compact chunk or clump.

nuisance /ˈnjuː.səns/ /ˈnuː.səns/ nuisances n
niedogodność uciążliwość
A minor annoyance or inconvenience.
utrapienie utrapieniec
A person or thing causing annoyance or inconvenience.
zakłócenie porządku
(legal) Anything harmful or offensive to the community or to a member of it, for which a legal remedy exists.

null and void adj
nieprawomocny nieważny
(idiomatic, legal) invalid, cancelled, unenforceable

null morpheme null morphemes n
zerowy morfem
(linguistics) A morpheme that has no phonetic form. It is represented as the empty set symbol ∅.

null set null sets n
zbiór miary zero
(mathematics, measure theory) A negligible set; set of zero measure.

nullary adj
bezargumentowy
(mathematics, of a function) Taking no entries; having trivial domain; having the arity of zero.
(programming, of a function, procedure, command, etc.) Taking no arguments.

numb /nʌm/ number numbest adj
odrętwiały
Physically unable to feel, not having the power of sensation.

numbat numbats n
mrówkożer mrówkożer workowaty
A small marsupial carnivore, Myrmecobius fasciatus, endemic to western Australia, that eats almost exclusively termites.

number /ˈnʌmbə/ /ˈnʌmbɚ/ numbers n
liczba ilość
(countable) An abstract entity used to describe quantity.
liczba numer cyfra liczebnik
(countable, mathematics) An element of one of several sets: natural numbers, integers, rational numbers, real numbers, complex numbers, and sometimes extensions such as hypercomplex numbers, etc.
numer liczba
(Followed by a numeral; used attributively) Indicating the position of something in a list or sequence. Abbreviations: No or No., no or no. (in each case, sometimes written with a superscript "o", like Nº or №). The symbol "#" is also used in this manner.
(countable, informal) A person.
numer
A sequence of digits and letters used to register people, automobiles, and various other items.
(dated) An issue of a periodical publication.
liczba numer
(grammar) Of a word or phrase, the state of being singular, dual or plural, shown by inflection.

number /ˈnʌmbə/ /ˈnʌmbɚ/ v
numerować
(transitive) To label (items) with numbers; to assign numbers to (items).

number line number lines n
oś liczbowa
(mathematics) A line that graphically represents the real numbers as a series of points whose distance from an origin is proportional to their value

number one number ones n
jedynka
(childish, euphemistic) Urine; urination.

number theory n
teoria liczb
(mathematics) The branch of pure mathematics concerned with the properties of integers.

number two number twos n
dwójka

numbness numbnesses n
odrętwienie
Absent or reduced sensitivity to cutaneous stimulation.

numeracy numeracies n
umiejętność liczenia
The quality of being numerate; numerical skill.

numeral /ˈnjuːməɹəl/ /ˈnjuːmɹəl/ /ˈnuməɹəl/ /ˈnumɹəl/ numerals n
cyfra
A symbol that is not a word and represents a number, such as the Arabic numerals 1, 2, 3 and the Roman numerals I, V, X, L.
liczebnik
(linguistics) A number word, a simple or compound word for a number often having particular grammatical attributes depending on the language.

numeration /ˌn(j)uː.mə.ˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ [ˌnjuː.mə.ˈɹeɪ.ʃən] [ˌnu.mɚ.ˈeɪ.ʃən] numerations n
numeracja
Any system of giving names to numbers.

numerator /ˈnuː.məɹ.ˌeɪ̯.təɹ/ numerators n
licznik
(arithmetic) The number or expression written above the line in a fraction (such as 1 in ½).

numeric keypad numeric keypads n
klawiatura numeryczna

numerical /n(j)uˈmɛɹ.ɪ.kəl/ /n(j)ʉˈmeɹ.ɪ.kəl/ [n(j)uˈmɛɹ.ɪ.kl̩] [n(j)ʉˈmeɹ.ɪ.kl̩] more numerical most numerical adj
numeryczny
Of or pertaining to numbers.

numerical analysis n
analiza numeryczna
(mathematics) The study of algorithms to solve mathematical problems concerning continuous sets of values (such as the real numbers, complex numbers or vector spaces).

numerical integration numerical integrations n
całkowanie numeryczne

numerology /ˌnjuːməˈɹɒləd͡ʒi/ /ˌnuməˈɹɑləd͡ʒi/ numerologies n
numerologia
The study of the purported mystical relationship between numbers (or the letters of words, represented by numbers) and the character or action of physical objects and living beings.

numerous /ˈnjuːməɹəs/ /ˈnjuːmɹəs/ /ˈnuməɹəs/ /ˈnumɹəs/ more numerous most numerous adj
liczny
Indefinitely large numerically, many.

numismatics /ˌnjuː.mɪzˈma.tɪks/ /ˌnuː.məzˈmæ.tɪks/ n
numizmatyka
The study of coins

numismatist /njuːˈmɪzmətɪst/ numismatists n
numizmatyk
One who studies and/or collects coins and/or currencies.

nun /nuːn/ /nʊn/ nuns n
nun
The fourteenth letter of many Semitic alphabets/abjads (Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew, Syriac, Arabic and others).

nun /nʌn/ nuns n
zakonnica mniszka siostra zakonna siostra
A member of a Christian religious community of women who live by certain vows and usually wear a habit, (Roman Catholicism, specifically) those living together in a cloister.

nunatak /ˈnuː.nə.tæk/ /ˈnʌn.ə.tæk/ nunataker nunataks n
nunatak
A mountain top or rocky element of a ridge that is surrounded by glacial ice but is not covered by ice; a peak protruding from the surface ice sheet. [from 1870s]

nunchaku /nən-/ /nʌnˈtʃækuː/ /nʌnˈtʃɑːkuː/ /nʌnˈt͡ʃɑku/ nunchakus n
nunczako nunczaku
(countable) A weapon originating from Okinawa, Japan, consisting of two sticks joined by a chain or cord. [from 20th c.]

nuncheon nuncheons n
podwieczorek
(now, _, dialectal, archaic) A drink or light snack taken in the afternoon; a refreshment between meals.

nunciature nunciatures n
nuncjatura
The status or rank of a nuncio.

nuncio /-siˌoʊ/ /ˈnʌnʃiˌoʊ/ nuncios n
nuncjusz nuncjusz apostolski
(Roman Catholicism) The ecclesiastic title of a permanent diplomatic representative of the Roman Catholic Church to a sovereign state or international organization, who is accorded a rank equivalent to an accredited ambassador, and may also be given additional privileges including recognition as Dean in a country's diplomatic corps.
nuncjusz apostolski
(historical) Any member of any Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Galicia (of the Austrian Partition), Duchy of Warsaw, Congress Poland, or Grand Duchy of Posen.

nunnery /ˈnʌn(ə)ɹi/ nunneries n
klasztor
(chiefly, _, Christianity) The residence of a female religious community, a monastery for nuns.

nuptial /ˈnʌp.t͡ʃ(ʊ)əl/ /ˈnʌp.ʃəl/ more nuptial most nuptial adj
ślubny małżeński weselny
Of or pertaining to wedding and marriage.

nuptials /ˈnʌp.t͡ʃ(ʊ)əlz/ /ˈnʌp.ʃəlz/ n
wesele zaślubiny ślub
A wedding ceremony. [from mid 16th c.]

nurse /nɜːs/ /nɝs/ nurses n
pielęgniarka pielęgniarz siostra
A person trained to provide care for the sick.
opiekunka
A person (usually a woman) who takes care of other people’s young.

nurse /nɜːs/ /nɝs/ v
pielęgnować
(transitive) To care for (someone), especially in sickness; to tend to.
opiekować się pielęgnować zadbać
(transitive) To treat kindly and with extra care.

nursery web spider nursery web spiders n
bagnik darownik
Any spider, from the family Pisauridae, that builds a "tent" in which the eggs are hatched.

nursing /ˈnɜːsɪŋ/ /ˈnɝsɪŋ/ nursings n
pielęgniarstwo
The process or profession of caring for patients as a nurse.

nursing home nursing homes n
dom starców dom pogodnej jesieni dom pomocy społecznej dom spokojnej starości
A place of residence for people who require constant nursing care and have significant deficiencies with activities of daily living, such as the elderly and younger adults with physical disabilities.

nut /nʊt/ /nʌt/ [nɐt] nuts n
orzech
(food, broadly) Any of various hard-shelled seeds or hard, dry fruits from various families of plants.
nakrętka
(hardware) A piece of hardware, typically metal and typically hexagonal or square in shape, with a hole through it having internal screw threads, intended to be screwed onto a threaded bolt or other threaded shaft.
(climbing) A shaped piece of metal, threaded by a wire loop, which is jammed in a crack in the rockface and used to protect a climb. (Originally, machine nuts [sense #2] were used for this purpose.)
oszołom psychiczny psychol szajbus wariat świr
(slang) A crazy person.
łeb
(musical instruments, lutherie) On stringed instruments such as guitars and violins, the small piece at the peghead end of the fingerboard that holds the strings at the proper spacing and, in most cases, the proper height.

nut job nut jobs n
świr
(colloquial, pejorative) Someone who is crazy (insane).

nutcake nutcakes n
orzechowiec
A cake made with nuts

nutcracker nutcrackers n
dziadek do orzechów
An implement for cracking nuts.
orzechówka
(ornithology) Either of two birds of the genus Nucifraga in the crow family.

nuthatch nuthatches n
kowalik bargiel
Any of various small passerine birds from the family Sittidae (and its single genus Sitta), found throughout the northern hemisphere and noted for their unusual proclivity for climbing down trees head first.

nutlet nutlets n
orzeszek
A small nut.

nutmeg /ˈnʌt.mɛɡ/ nutmegs n
muszkat muszkatowiec muszkatołowiec
An evergreen tree (Myristica fragrans) cultivated in the East Indies for its spicy seeds.
gałka muszkatołowa
The aromatic seed of this tree, used as a spice.
rybka siatka
(football, hockey, basketball) The playing of the ball between the legs of an opponent.

nutmeg /ˈnʌt.mɛɡ/ v
zakładać siatkę założyć siatkę
(sport, transitive) To play the ball between the legs of (an opponent).

nutrient /ˈnjuː.tɹi.ənt/ /ˈnuː.tɹi.ənt/ nutrients n
składnik odżywczy
A source of nourishment, such as food, that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and build tissue.

nutrigenomics n
nutrigenomika
(medicine) The field of study that examines how the interaction between genetics and nutrition affects human health, specifically to devise a personalized diet to improve or maintain good health.

nutrition /njuːˈtɹɪ.ʃən/ /nuˈtɹɪ.ʃən/ nutritions n
żywienie pożywienie odżywianie
That which nourishes; nutriment.

nutritionist nutritionists n
dietetyczka dietetyk

nutritive /ˈnjuːtɹətɪv/ more nutritive most nutritive adj
spożywczy
Nourishing, providing nutrition.

nutty /ˈnʌti/ nuttier nuttiest adj
orzechowy
Containing nuts.
pomylony zwariowany
(slang) Barmy, crazy, mad.

nychthemeron /nɪkˈθi.mə.ɹɑn/ /nɪkˈθɛ.mɪ.ɹɒn/ /nɪkˈθɛm.ə.ɹɒn/ /nɪkˈθɛməɹɑn/ nychthemera nychthemerons n
doba
A period of one day and one night, a date: in the West, this is a period of 24 consecutive hours.

nylon /ˈnaɪlɑn/ /ˈnaɪlɒn/ nylons n
nylon
Originally, the DuPont company trade name for polyamide, a copolymer whose molecules consist of alternating diamine and dicarboxylic acid monomers bonded together; now generically used for this type of polymer.
(in the plural) A stocking originally fabricated from nylon; also used generically for any long, sheer stocking worn on a woman's legs.
(perjoratively, by comparison to silk) A Queen's Counsel, King's Counsel or Senior Counsel who was appointed as a courtesy, rather than on merit.

nymph /ˈnɪmf/ nymphs nymphæ n
nimfa
(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) Any female nature spirit associated with water, forests, grotto, wind, etc.
A young girl, especially one who is attractive, beautiful or graceful.
(entomology) The larva of certain insects.

nymphaeum nymphaea nymphaeums n
nimfeum

nymphalid nymphalids n
rusałka
Any butterfly of the family Nymphalidae.

nymphomaniac /ˈnɪmfoʊ ˈmeɪniæk/ nymphomaniacs n
nimfomanka
A woman with an excessive libido.

nystagmus /nɪˈstæɡməs/ nystagmuses n
oczopląs
(pathology) rapid involuntary eye movement, usually lateral

née /neɪ/ adj
z domu
Used when giving the maiden name of a woman.

négligée /ˈnɛɡlɪʒeɪ/ négligées n
negliż
(obsolete) A woman's lightweight gown of the eighteenth century. [18th–19th c.]
A woman's loose-fitting nightgown, especially when short, lacy and/or revealing; a nightie. [from 19th c.]

o'clock /oʊˈklɑk/ /əʊˈklɒk/ /əˈklɑk/ /əˈklɒk/ adv
godzina pierwsza pierwsza
(modifying a numeral, one to twelve) In conjunction with a numeral, indicates the time within a twelve-hour period (midnight to noon or noon to midnight), specifically the time when the hour hand of a clock points precisely to the symbol or marking corresponding to the designated numeral.
godzina pierwsza o godzinie pierwszej o pierwszej pierwsza
(with a numeral, one to twelve) In conjunction with a numeral, indicates the direction, relative to the speaker or a vehicle, especially an aircraft, corresponding to the direction the hour hand is pointing at the time corresponding to the numeral, with twelve representing directly ahead and three being to the right.

oaf /oʊf/ /əʊf/ oafs oaves n
bęcwał daun imbecyl klaun niezdara prostak
(pejorative) A person, especially a large male, who is clumsy or a simpleton.

oak /oʊk/ /woʊk/ /əʊk/ adj
dębowy
made of oak wood or timber

oak /oʊk/ /woʊk/ /əʊk/ oaks n
dąb dębina
(uncountable) The wood of the oak.
Any tree of other genera and species of trees resembling typical oaks of genus Quercus in some ways.

oaken /ˈəʊk.ən/ adj
dębowy
Made from the wood of the oak tree. Also in metaphorical uses, suggesting robustness.

oakum /ˈoʊk(ə)m/ /ˈəʊkəm/ oakums n
pakuły
Fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope, which are used to caulk or pack gaps between boards of wooden ships and joints in masonry and plumbing, and sometimes for dressing wounds.

oakwood oakwoods n
dąbrowa dębina dębniak
(countable) A wood populated with oak trees.

oar /o(ː)ɹ/ /oə/ /ɔɹ/ /ɔː/ oars n
wiosło
A type of lever used to propel a boat, having a flat blade at one end and a handle at the other, and pivoted in a rowlock atop the gunwale, whereby a rower seated in the boat and pulling the handle can pass the blade through the water by repeated strokes against the water's resistance, thus moving the boat.

oarlock oarlocks n
dulka
(nautical) A usually U-shaped device attached to the gunwale of a rowboat to hold the oars in place while rowing.

oasis /oʊˈeɪsəs/ /oʊˈeɪsɪs/ /əʊˈeɪsəs/ /əʊˈeɪsɪs/ oases oasises n
oaza
A spring of fresh water, surrounded by a fertile region of vegetation, in a desert.
(figuratively) A quiet, peaceful place or situation separated from surrounding noise or bustle.

oat /oʊt/ /əʊt/ oats n
owies
(uncountable) Widely cultivated cereal grass, typically Avena sativa.

oat milk oat milks n
mleko owsiane
A milky liquid made from oats and used as a milk substitute, cooking ingredient or beverage.

oath /ˈoʊθ/ /ˈəʊθ/ oaths n
przysięga
A solemn pledge or promise that invokes a deity, a ruler, or another entity (not necessarily present) to attest the truth of a statement or sincerity of one's desire to fulfill a contract or promise.
klątwa przysięga
A statement or promise which is strengthened (affirmed) by such a pledge.

oatmeal /ˈoʊtmil/ /ˈɒtmiːl/ /ˈəʊtmiːl/ oatmeals n
płatki owsiane
Meal made from rolled or round oats.
owsianka
A breakfast cereal made from rolled oats, cooked in milk and/or water.

oats /ˈoʊts/ /ˈəʊts/ n
owies
Seeds of an oat plant, especially prepared as food.

obedience /ə(ʊ)ˈbiːdɪəns/ obediences n
posłuszeństwo
The quality of being obedient.

obedient /oʊˈbidiənt/ /əʊˈbiːdɪənt/ /əˈbidiənt/ /əˈbiːdɪənt/ more obedient most obedient adj
posłuszny
Willing to comply with the commands, orders, or instructions of those in authority.

obeisance /oʊˈbeɪ.səns/ /oʊˈbiː.səns/ /əʊˈbeɪ.səns/ /əˈbeɪ.səns/ /əˈbiː.səns/ obeisances n
hołd pokłon rewerans
Demonstration of an obedient attitude, especially by bowing deeply; a deep bow which demonstrates such an attitude.

obelisk /ˈɑbəlɪsk/ /ˈɒbəlɪsk/ /ˈɔbəlɪsk/ obelisks n
obelisk
(architecture) A tall, square, tapered, stone monolith topped with a pyramidal point, frequently used as a monument. [from mid 16th c.]

obese /oʊˈbis/ /əʊˈbiːs/ /əˈbiːs/ more obese most obese obeser obesest adj
otyły opasły
Extremely overweight, especially: weighing more than 20% (for men) or 25% (for women) over their conventionally ideal weight determined by height and build; or, having a body mass index over 30 kg/m2.

obese /oʊˈbis/ /əʊˈbiːs/ /əˈbiːs/ obeses n
otyła otyły

obesely more obesely most obesely adv
otyle
In an obese manner.

obesity /oʊˈbisɪti/ /oʊˈbɛzɪti/ /ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/ [-ɾi] obesities n
otyłość
(pathology) The state of being obese.

obey /oʊˈbeɪ/ /əʊˈbeɪ/ /əˈbeɪ/ v
przestrzegać być posłusznym
(transitive) To do as ordered by (a person, institution etc), to act according to the bidding of.

obfuscate /ˈɑbfəskeɪt/ /ˈɑbfʌskeɪt/ /ˈɒbfəskeɪt/ /ˈɒbfʌskeɪt/ v
zaciemniać zaciemnić
To make dark; to overshadow.
zaciemniać
(computing) To alter code while preserving its behavior but concealing its structure and intent.

obituary /oʊ-/ /əʊ-/ /əˈbɪtjʊ(ə)ɹi/ /əˈbɪt͡ʃuˌɜɹi/ /əˈbɪt͡ʃəɹi/ /əˈbɪt͡ʃəˌwɛɹi/ /əˈbɪt͡ʃɹi/ /əˈbɪt͡ʃʊ(ə)ɹi/ obituaries n
nekrolog klepsydra
A brief notice of a person's death, especially one published in a newspaper or other publication; also (obsolete) , the section of a newspaper where notices of deaths are published.
nekrolog
(by extension) A brief biography of a person (especially one who is well-known) who has recently died, usually describing their life and achievements, particularly in the form of an article in a news publication or an item in a news broadcast.

object /əbˈd͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈɑb.d͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈɒb.d͡ʒɛkt/ objects n
przedmiot obiekt rzecz
A thing that has physical existence but is not alive.
A person or thing toward which an emotion is directed.
dopełnienie obiekt
(grammar) The noun phrase which is an internal complement of a verb phrase or a prepositional phrase. In a verb phrase with a transitive action verb, it is typically the receiver of the action.
obiekt dopełnienie
(object-oriented programming) An instantiation of a class or structure.

object /əbˈd͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈɑb.d͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈɒb.d͡ʒɛkt/ v
sprzeciwiać się
(intransitive) To disagree with or oppose something or someone; (especially in a Court of Law) to raise an objection.

object code n
kod wynikowy
(computing) The output of a compiler or assembler; it is not necessarily executable directly without linking to other modules

object-oriented programming n
programowanie obiektowe
(programming) A programming paradigm that uses hierarchies of "objects", instantiated from templates called "classes", to design applications and computer programs.

objection /əbˈd͡ʒɛkʃən/ objections n
sprzeciw
The act of objecting.
A statement expressing opposition, or a reason or cause for expressing opposition (generally followed by the adposition to).
(legal) An official protest raised in a court of law during a legal trial over a violation of the rules of the court by the opposing party.

objectionable more objectionable most objectionable adj
nie na miejscu niedopuszczalny niepożądany niewłaściwy
Arousing disapproval; worthy of objection; offensive.

objective /ɒbˈd͡ʒɛk.tɪv/ /əbˈd͡ʒɛk.tɪv/ more objective most objective adj
obiektowy przedmiotowy
Of or relating to a material object, actual existence or reality.
obiektywny
Not influenced by the emotions or prejudices.
Based on observed facts; without subjective assessment.

objective /ɒbˈd͡ʒɛk.tɪv/ /əbˈd͡ʒɛk.tɪv/ objectives n
obiekt
A material object that physically exists.
cel
A goal that is striven for.
obiektyw
The lens or lenses of a camera, microscope, or other optical device closest to the object being examined.

objective case objective cases n
biernik
(grammar) the form of a noun or pronoun used as the object of a verb or a preposition.

objectivity /ˌɑbd͡ʒɛkˈtɪvɪti/ /ˌɒbd͡ʒɛkˈtɪvɪti/ [ˌɑbd͡ʒɛkˈtɪvɪɾi] objectivities n
obiektywność
The state of being objective, just, unbiased, and not influenced by emotions or personal prejudices.

objectless adj
bezprzedmiotowy
Without a purpose.

objectlessly more objectlessly most objectlessly adv
bezprzedmiotowo

objectlessness n
bezprzedmiotowość

objector objectors n
oponent oponentka
A person who objects to something.

oblanceolate more oblanceolate most oblanceolate adj
odwrotnie-lancetowaty
(botany, of leaves) Of a reversed lanceolate shape: attached to the stem by the pointed end, with the other end rounded.

oblast /ˈɒbləst/ oblasti oblasts n
obwód
A region or province in Slavic or Slavic-influenced countries.

oblation /oʊˈbleɪʃən/ /ɑːˈbleɪʃən/ /ɒˈbleɪʃən/ /əʊˈbleɪʃən/ oblations n
oblacja
The offering of worship, thanks etc. to a deity.

obligate /ˈɑb.lɪ.ɡɪt/ /ˈɑb.lɪˌɡeɪt/ /ˈɒb.lɪ.ɡɪt/ /ˈɒb.lɪˌɡeɪt/ v
zobowiązać zobowiązywać
(transitive) To bind, compel, constrain, or oblige by a social, legal, or moral tie.

obligation /ɑb.ləˈɡeɪ.ʃən/ obligations n
obowiązek zobowiązanie powinność
The act of binding oneself by a social, legal, or moral tie to someone.
zobowiązanie
(legal) A legal agreement stipulating a specified action or forbearance by a party to the agreement; the document containing such agreement.

obligatory /əˈblɪɡət(ə)ɹi/ /əˈblɪɡətɔɹi/ /ˈɑblɪɡətɔɹi/ more obligatory most obligatory adj
obowiązkowy wiążący
Imposing obligation, legally, morally, or otherwise; binding; mandatory.

oblige /ɒˈbliːd͡ʒ/ /əˈblaɪd͡ʒ/ /əˈbliːd͡ʒ/ v
zobowiązać zobowiązywać
(transitive) To constrain someone by force or by social, moral or legal means.

obliged /əˈblaɪd͡ʒd/ more obliged most obliged adj
zobligowany zobowiązany
Under an obligation to do something.

obliging /əˈblaɪd͡ʒɪŋ/ more obliging most obliging adj
uprzejmy usłużny
Happy and ready to do favours for others.

oblique case oblique cases n
przypadek zależny
(grammar) Any noun case except the nominative case (and sometimes the vocative case), where the noun is the object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

obliterate /oʊ-/ /əˈblɪtəɹeɪt/ /əˈblɪtəɹət/ /əˈblɪtəˌɹeɪt/ [-ɾə-] v
wymazać wymazywać wyniszczać wyniszczyć zabijać zabić
To destroy (someone or something) completely, leaving no trace; to annihilate, to wipe out.

obliteration obliterations n
zniszczenie
(medicine) The cancellation of the function, structure, or both of a vessel or organ; for example, the occlusion of the lumen of a duct, blood vessel, or lymphatic vessel, be it solely functional (as when squeezed by nearby mass effect or inflammation) or both structural and functional (as when clogged with thrombus, embolus, or fibrosis).

oblivion /əˈblɪviːən/ oblivions n
zapomnienie niepamięć nieświadomość
The state of being completely forgotten, of being reduced to a state of non-existence, extinction, or nothingness, including through war and destruction. (Figuratively) for an area like hell, a wasteland.

oblivious /əˈblɪviːəs/ more oblivious most oblivious adj
nieświadomy
(usually followed by to or of) Lacking awareness; unmindful; unaware, unconscious of.
zapominalski
Failing to remember; forgetful.

oblong /ˈɑbˌlɔŋ/ /ˈɒblɒŋ/ more oblong most oblong adj
podłużny
(bookmaking) Having the horizontal axis of a page longer than the vertical; In landscape orientation.

obnoxious /ɒb-/ /əbˈnɑkʃəs/ /əbˈnɒkʃəs/ more obnoxious most obnoxious adj
nieznośny obraźliwy okropny przykry upierdliwy wstrętny
Extremely offensive or unpleasant; very annoying, contemptible, or odious.

oboe /ˈoʊboʊ/ oboes n
obój
A soprano and melody wind instrument in the modern orchestra and wind ensemble. It is a smaller instrument and generally made of grenadilla wood. It is a member of the double reed family.

oboe d'amore /ˌoʊboʊ dɑˈmɔɹeɪ/ /ˌəʊbəʊ daˈmɔːɹeɪ/ oboe d'amores oboes d'amore oboi d'amore n
obój miłosny
An instrument of the oboe family, pitched in A below middle C.

oboist oboists n
oboista oboistka
Someone who plays an oboe.

obolus oboli oboluses n
obol
A silver coin minted in Ancient Greece, valued at a sixth of a drachma.

obovate more obovate most obovate adj
odwrotnie jajowaty
(botany, mycology) Shaped like an egg, with the broad extremity located away from the base.

obscene /əbˈsin/ /əbˈsiːn/ more obscene most obscene obscener obscenest adj
sprośny obsceniczny nieprzyzwoity
Offensive to standards of decency or morality.
obsceniczny
Disgusting or repulsive.

obscenity obscenities n
obsceniczność
(countable) Something that is obscene.

obscurantist adj
obskurancki

obscure /əbˈskjɔː(ɹ)/ /əbˈskjɝ/ /əbˈskjʊə(ɹ)/ /əbˈskjʊɹ/ more obscure most obscure obscurer obscurest adj
ciemny niewyraźny
Dark, faint or indistinct.
mało znany ukryty
Hidden, out of sight or inconspicuous.

obscure /əbˈskjɔː(ɹ)/ /əbˈskjɝ/ /əbˈskjʊə(ɹ)/ /əbˈskjʊɹ/ v
przesłonić zaciemnić
(transitive) To render obscure; to darken; to make dim; to keep in the dark; to hide; to make less visible, intelligible, legible, glorious, beautiful, or illustrious.
schować ukryć
(transitive) To hide, put out of sight etc.

obscurity /əbˈskjɔːɹɪti/ /əbˈskjɝɪti/ /əbˈskjʊəɹɪti/ /əbˈskjʊɹɪti/ obscurities n
ciemność mrok
(literary) Darkness; the absence of light.

obsequious /əbˈsiːkwi.əs/ more obsequious most obsequious adj
służalczy
Excessively eager and attentive to please or to obey instructions; fawning, subservient, servile.
służalczy czołobitny
(archaic) Obedient; compliant with someone else's orders or wishes.

observable /əbˈzɜː.və.bəl/ /əbˈzɝ.və.bəl/ [əbˈzɜː.və.bɫ̩] [əbˈzɝ.və.bɫ̩] more observable most observable adj
obserwowalny
Able to be observed.
Deserving to be observed; worth regarding; remarkable.

observable universe observable universes n
obserwowalny wszechświat widzialny wszechświat

observation /-ˈveɪʃn̩/ /ˌɑbzɚˈveɪʃən/ /ˌɒbzəˈveɪʃ(ə)n/ observations n
obserwacja spostrzeżenie ogląd
The act of observing, and the fact of being observed (see observance)
spostrzeżenie uwaga komentarz
A remark or comment.

observatory /əbˈzɜːvət(ə)ɹi/ /əbˈzɝvətɔɹi/ observatories n
obserwatorium
A place where stars, planets and other celestial bodies are observed, usually through a telescope; also place for observing meteorological or other natural phenomena.

observe /ɒbˈzɜːv/ /əbˈzɜːv/ /əbˈzɝv/ v
obserwować przestrzegać obchodzić zachowywać zaobserwować
(transitive) To take note of and celebrate (a holiday or similar occurrence), to keep; to follow (a type of time or calendar reckoning).
spostrzec zaobserwować zauważyć
(intransitive) To comment on something; to make an observation.

observer /ɑb-/ /ɒb-/ /əbˈzɜːvə/ /əbˈzɝvɚ/ observers n
obserwator obserwatorka
One who makes observations, monitors or takes notice
A person sent as a representative, to a meeting or other function to monitor but not to participate
(military) A sentry etc. manning an observation post

obsess /əbˈsɛs/ v
prześladować
(transitive) To dominate the thoughts of someone.

obsessed /əbˈsɛst/ more obsessed most obsessed adj
mający obsesję
Intensely preoccupied with or by a given topic or emotion; driven by a specified obsession.

obsession /əbˈsɛʃən/ obsessions n
obsesja
An idea that engenders a compulsive or irrational preoccupation, or the preoccupation thereby engendered.
An activity or entity that inspires a compulsive and potentially unhealthy fixation, or the fixation thereby inspired.

obsessive /əbˈsɛsɪv/ more obsessive most obsessive adj
obsesyjny
Excessive, as results from obsession.

obsessive-compulsive disorder obsessive-compulsive disorders n
zaburzenia obsesyjno-kompulsywne
(medicine, psychology) A mental and behavioral disorder, characterized by obsessive intrusive thoughts and a compulsion to ease the resulting distress by repeating specific routines or rituals, regardless of their interference with other activities.

obsidian /əbˈsɪd.i.ən/ /ˌɒbˈsɪd.i.ən/ obsidians n
obsydian
(mineral) A type of naturally occurring black glass produced by volcanoes.

obsolescence /ˌɑb.səˈlɛ.səns/ /ˌɒb.səˈlɛ.səns/ obsolescences n
starzenie się
(uncountable) The state of being obsolete—no longer in use; gone into disuse; disused or neglected.

obsolescent /ɑbsəˈlɛsənt/ /ɒbsəˈlɛsənt/ more obsolescent most obsolescent adj
wychodzący z użycia zanikający
In the process of becoming obsolete, but not obsolete yet.

obsolete /ɑbsəˈliːt/ /ˈɑbsəliːt/ /ˈɒbsəliːt/ more obsolete most obsolete adj
przestarzały zdezaktualizowany
(of words, equipment, etc.) No longer in use; gone into disuse; disused or neglected (often in favour of something newer).

obstacle /ˈɑbstəkəl/ /ˈɒbstəkəl/ obstacles n
przeszkoda ambaras trudność
Something that impedes, stands in the way of, or holds up progress, either physically or figuratively

obstacle course obstacle courses n
tor przeszkód
A course with a series of physical challenges that one performs sequentially.
przeszkoda
(figuratively) A painful and strenuous experience; hassle.

obstetric /əbˈstɛtɹɪk/ adj
położniczy
Of or relating to obstetrics (the care of women during and after pregnancy).

obstetrician /ˌɑbstəˈtɹɪʃən/ /ˌɒbstəˈtɹɪʃən/ obstetricians n
położnik położna
(medicine) A physician who specializes in childbirth.

obstetrics /ɑbˈstɛ.trɪks/ /əbˈstɛ.trɪks/ n
położnictwo akuszeria akuszerstwo
(medicine) The care of women during and after pregnancy.

obstinacy /ˈɑbstɪnəsi/ /ˈɒbstɪnəsi/ obstinacies n
upór upartość
The state, or an act, of stubbornness or doggedness.

obstinate /ˈɑb.stə.nət/ /ˈɑb.stə.nɪt/ /ˈɒb.stɪ.nət/ /ˈɒb.stɪ.nɪt/ more obstinate most obstinate adj
uparty zawzięty
Stubbornly adhering to an opinion, purpose, or course, usually with implied unreasonableness; persistent.
uporczywy
(of inanimate things) Not easily subdued or removed.

obstreperous /ɑːbˈstɹɛpəɹəs/ /ɒbˈstɹɛp.əɹ.əs/ /əbˈstɹɛp.əɹ.əs/ /əbˈstɹɛpəɹəs/ more obstreperous most obstreperous adj
hałaśliwy
Attended by, or making, a loud and tumultuous noise; boisterous.
hałaśliwy niesforny zaczepny
Stubbornly defiant; disobedient; resistant to authority or control, whether in a noisy manner or not.

obtain /əbˈteɪn/ v
otrzymywać dostawać dostać nabywać nabyć otrzymać

obtrusive /ɑb-/ /ɒb-/ /əbˈtɹusɪv/ /əbˈtɹuːsɪv/ more obtrusive most obtrusive adj
nachalny
Of a person: overly assertive, bold, or domineering; pushy; also, ostentatious.

obtundation obtundations n
zamroczenie
(medicine) Decreased level of alertness or consciousness

obtuse /-ˈtʃuːs/ /ɑb-/ /əbˈt(j)us/ /əbˈtjuːs/ more obtuse most obtuse obtuser obtusest adj
rozwarty tępy
(geometry, specifically, of an, angle) Larger than one, and smaller than two right angles, or more than 90° and less than 180°.

obtuse angle obtuse angles n
kąt rozwarty
(mathematics, geometry) An angle that is greater than 90 degrees and less than 180 degrees.

obtuse triangle obtuse triangles n
trójkąt rozwartokątny
(geometry) A triangle one of whose angles is obtuse.

obtuse-angled adj
rozwartokątny
(geometry) Of a triangle, having an obtuse angle.

obverse obverses n
awers
The heads side of a coin, or the side of a medal or badge that has the principal design.

obvious /ˈɑ.vi.əs/ /ˈɑb.vi.əs/ /ˈɒ.vɪəs/ /ˈɒb.vɪəs/ /ˈɒv.jəs/ more obvious most obvious adj
oczywisty
Easily discovered, seen, or understood; self-explanatory.

obviously /ˈɑ(b).vi(.)əs.li/ /ˈɒ(b).vi.əs.li/ /ˈɒ(b).vjəs.li/ /ˈɒ(b).vɪəs.li/ /ˈɔ(b).vi.ɘs.li/ /ˈɔv.jɘs.li/ more obviously most obviously adv
oczywiście
In an obvious or clearly apparent manner.

ocarina /oʊkəˈɹinə/ /ɑkəˈɹinə/ /ɒkəˈɹiːnə/ ocarinas n
okaryna
(musical instruments) A woodwind musical instrument that is closed at both sides to produce an enclosed space, and punctured with finger holes.

occasion /əˈkeɪʒən/ occasions n
okazja wypadek
A favorable opportunity; a convenient or timely chance. [from 14th c.]
powód
An occurrence or state of affairs which causes some event or reaction; a motive or reason. [from 14th c.]
okazja
A special event or function. [from 19th c.]

occasional /əˈkeɪʒ(ə)nəl/ more occasional most occasional adj
okazjonalny przypadkowy rzadki sporadyczny
Occurring or appearing irregularly from time to time, but not often.

occasionally /əˈkeɪʒnəli/ /əˈkeɪʒənli/ /əˈkeɪʒənəli/ more occasionally most occasionally adv
okazjonalnie
From time to time; sometimes; at relatively infrequent intervals. [from 15th c.]

occipital /ɑkˈsɪp.ət.l̩/ /ɒkˈsɪp.ɪt.l̩/ /ɒkˈsɪp.ɪt.əl/ adj
potyliczny
(anatomy) Of, pertaining to, or located within or near the occiput (back of the head) or the occipital bone.

occipital bone occipital bones n
potylica
The bone at the back of the skull.

occipital lobe /ˌɑkˈsɪpɪtəl ˌloʊb/ occipital lobes n
płat potyliczny
(anatomy) One of the four major divisions of the cerebrum of the brain, located at the back of the head.

occiput /ˈɑk.səp.ət/ /ˈɑk.səˌpʌt/ /ˈɒk.sɪ.pʌt/ occipita occiputs n
potylica

occult /əˈkʌlt/ /ˈɒk.ʌlt/ n
okultyzm
(usually, _, with "the") Supernatural affairs.

occultation /ˌɑkəlˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ /ˌɒkəlˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ occultations n
okultacja
(astronomy) An astronomical event that occurs when one celestial object is hidden by another celestial object that passes between it and the observer when the nearer object appears larger and completely hides the more distant object.

occultist occultists n
okultysta
A person who dabbles in or practises occultism.

occupation /ˌɑkjəˈpeɪʃən/ /ˌɑkjʊˈpeɪʃən/ /ˌɒkjəˈpeɪʃən/ /ˌɒkjʊˈpeɪʃən/ occupations n
zajęcie zawód fach
An activity or task with which one occupies oneself; usually specifically the productive activity, service, trade, or craft for which one is regularly paid; a job.
zajmowanie
The act, process or state of possessing a place.
okupacja zajęcie
The control of a country or region by a hostile military and/or paramilitary force.

occupational more occupational most occupational adj
zawodowy
Of, belonging, or relating to an occupation (in any sense).

occupational disease occupational diseases n
choroba zawodowa
(pathology) Any ailment that occurs as a result of work or occupational activity.

occupational health and safety n
bezpieczeństwo i higiena pracy
Synonym of occupational safety and health

occupational safety and health n
bezpieczeństwo i higiena pracy
The activities and policies aimed at protecting the safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work or employment.

occupational therapist occupational therapists n
ergoterapeuta
A therapist whose aim is to help clients achieve a better quality of life through work or similar occupations.

occupational therapy occupational therapies n
terapia zajęciowa
The therapeutic practice of encouraging better quality of life through the pursuit of work or other occupations.

occupied /ˈɑkjəpaɪd/ more occupied most occupied adj
zajęty
Reserved, engaged.
Busy, unavailable.
okupowany zajęty
Subjugated, under the control of a foreign military presence.

occupied /ˈɑkjəpaɪd/ more occupied most occupied interjection
zajęte
Used to communicate that a toilet is unavailable.

occupier occupiers n
okupant okupantka
One who occupies, particularly with respect to a foreign government controlling the territory of another.

occupy /ˈɑkjəpaɪ/ /ˈɒkjʊpaɪ/ v
okupować zajmować
(military) To have, or to have taken, possession or control of (a territory).

occur /əˈkɜː/ /əˈkɝ/ v
zdarzać się dziać się stać się trafiać trafić wydarzać się
(intransitive) To happen or take place.
napaść
(impersonal) To come or be presented to the mind; to suggest itself.
występować
(intransitive, sciences) To be present or found.

occurrence /əˈkɐɹ.ən(t)s/ /əˈkɜːɹ.ən(t)s/ /əˈkɝ.ən(t)s/ /əˈkɵːɹ.ən(t)s/ /əˈkʌɹ.ən(t)s/ /ɜː/ occurrences n
wydarzenie pojawienie wypadek zjawisko
An actual instance when a situation occurs; an event or happening.

ocean /ˈoʊ.ʃən/ /ˈəʊ.ʃən/ oceans n
ocean
(countable) One of the large bodies of water separating the continents.

ocean floor ocean floors n
dno oceaniczne
Synonym of seabed and seafloor, especially used for that of an ocean.

ocean sunfish ocean sunfish ocean sunfishes n
samogłów
A large, heavy species of bony fish, Mola mola, native to tropical and temperate waters around the world.

oceanarium oceanaria oceanariums n
oceanarium
A park where visitors can see marine mammals and/or fish.

oceanic /ˌəʊsiˈænɪk/ /ˌəʊʃiˈænɪk/ more oceanic most oceanic adj
oceaniczny
Of or relating to the ocean.
Living in, produced by, or frequenting the ocean.

oceanlike more oceanlike most oceanlike adj
oceanowy

oceanographer /ˌoʊʃəˈnɑɡɹəfəɹ/ oceanographers n
oceanograf oceanolog oceanografka oceanolożka
a person who studies oceanography, the science of oceans

oceanography /ˌoʊʃəˈnɑɡɹəfi/ /ˌəʊʃjəˈnɒɡɹəfi/ n
oceanografia oceanologia
The exploration and scientific study of the oceans and ocean floor.

oceanologist oceanologists n
oceanolog oceanolożka
One who studies oceanology.

ocellus /əʊˈsɛləs/ ocelli n
oczko przyoczko
A simple eye consisting of a single lens and a small number of sensory cells.

ocelot /ˈɑsəlɑt/ /ˈɒsəlɒt/ ocelots n
ocelot
An American feline carnivore (Leopardus pardalis, syn. Felis pardalis) covered with blackish ocellated spots and blotches which are variously arranged.

ochlocracy /ɑkˈlɑ.kɹə.si/ /ɒkˈlɒk.ɹə.si/ /ɔkˈlɔ.kɹə.si/ ochlocracies n
ochlokracja
Mob rule; government by the masses; mobocracy. [from 1475–1485.]

ochre /ˈoʊkɚ/ /ˈəʊkə/ ochres n
ochra
A somewhat dark yellowish orange colour

ocrea ocreae ocreas n
gatka
(botany) A sheath around a plant stem forming from the stipule of a leaf and extending above the point of insertion of the leaf.

octacontagon octacontagons n
80[[kąt|-kąt]]
(geometry) A polygon with 80 sides and 80 angles.

octadecagon octadecagons n
osiemnastokąt
(geometry, rare) A polygon with 18 sides and 18 vertices.

octadecane octadecanes n
oktadekan
(organic compound) Any of very many isomeric alkanes having the formula C18H38, but especially n-octadecane CH3(CH2)16CH3.

octagon /ˈɑktəˌɡɑn/ /ˈɒktəɡ(ə)n/ octagons n
ośmiokąt
(geometry, also, attributively) A polygon with eight sides and eight angles.

octagonal /ɑkˈtæɡ.ə.n(ə)l/ adj
oktagonalny ośmiokątny
(geometry) Shaped like an octagon, in having eight sides and eight angles.

octagram /ˈɒk.tə.ɡɹæm/ [ˈɑk.tə.ɡɹæm] [ˈɒk.tə.ɡɹæm] octagrams n
oktogram
An eight-sided star polygon.

octahedral adj
ośmiościenny
Of, relating to, or having the shape of an octahedron.

octahedron octahedra octahedrons n
oktaedr ośmiościan
(geometry) a polyhedron with eight faces; the regular octahedron has regular triangles as faces and is one of the Platonic solids.

octal /ˈɒk.təl/ adj
ósemkowy
(arithmetic, computing) Concerning numbers expressed in octal or mathematical calculations performed using octal.

octane /ˈɒk.teɪn/ octanes n
oktan
(organic compound) Any of the eighteen isomeric aliphatic hydrocarbons (C8H18) found in petroleum, especially an iso-octane 2,2,4 trimethyl-pentane; they are used as fuels and solvents.

octave /ˈɑkteɪv/ /ˈɑktɪv/ /ˈɒkteɪv/ /ˈɒktɪv/ octaves n
oktawa
(music) An interval of twelve semitones spanning eight degrees of the diatonic scale, representing a doubling or halving in pitch frequency.

octaviation octaviations n
powtórka wyżej o oktawie

octet /ɒkˈtɛt/ octets n
oktet
(music) A group of eight musicians performing together.

octillion /ɒkˈtɪl.iː.ən/ octillions numeral
kwadryliard
(US, modern, _, British, _, &, _) A thousand trillion trillion, a billion billion billion: 1 followed by 27 zeros, 1027.

octobass octobasses n
oktobas
(musical instruments) A very large double bass requiring two musicians, one to finger and one to bow.

octolingual adj
ośmiojęzyczny

octopus /ˈɑktəpəs/ /ˈɑktəpʊs/ /ˈɒktəpəs/ /ˈɒktəpʊs/ octopi octopii octopodes octopuses octopusses n
ośmiornica
(uncountable) The flesh of these marine molluscs eaten as food.

ocular /ˈɑ.kjə.lɚ/ /ˈɑ.kjʊ.lɚ/ /ˈɒk.jə.lə/ /ˈɒk.jʊ.lə/ more ocular most ocular adj
oczny
Of, or relating to the eye, or the sense of sight

odalisque /oʊdlˈisk/ /ˈoʊdlɪsk/ /ˈɒd(ə)lɪsk/ /ˈəʊd(ə)lɪsk/ odalisques n
odaliska
(historical) A female slave in a harem, especially one in the Ottoman seraglio.

odd /ɑd/ /ɒd/ odder oddest adj
dziwny dziwaczny
Peculiar, singular and strange in looks or character; eccentric, bizarre.
nieparzysty
(maths, not comparable) Numerically indivisible by two.

odd function odd functions n
funkcja nieparzysta
(mathematics) Any function whose value changes sign if the independent variable changes sign i.e. f(-x) = -f(x)

odd number odd numbers n
liczba nieparzysta

odds and ends n
drobiazgi pierdółki
(idiomatic) Miscellaneous things.

ode /od/ /oʊd/ /əʊd/ odes n
oda
A short poetical composition proper to be set to music or sung; a lyric poem; especially, now, a poem characterized by sustained noble sentiment and appropriate dignity of style.

odometer /oʊˈdɑːmətɚ/ /əʊˈdɒmətə/ /əʊˈdɒmɪtə/ odometers n
drogomierz
An instrument, usually embedded within the speedometer of a vehicle, that measures the distance the vehicle has traveled since production.

odontology n
odontologia
The study of the structure and development of teeth

odontophobia odontophobias n
odontofobia
An irrational fear of dentistry.

odor /ˈoʊ.dɚ/ /ˈəʊ.də/ odors n
zapach
Any smell, whether fragrant or offensive.

odorless /əʊdələs/ adj
bezzapachowy bezwonny
Having no odor.

odynophagia odynophagias n
odynofagia
(medicine) Severe pain in the mouth or esophagus when attempting to swallow.

odyssey /ˈɑ.də.si/ /ˈɑ.dɪ.si/ /ˈɒd.ə.si/ /ˈɒd.ɪ.si/ /ˈɔd.ɪ.si/ odysseys n
odyseja
An extended adventurous voyage.

oenological more oenological most oenological adj
enologiczny
Of or pertaining to oenology, the study of wine

oenologist oenologists n
enolog
An expert in the science of oenology.

oenology /iˈnɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /iˈnɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ n
enologia winoznawstwo
The scientific study of wines and winemaking.

oesophagus /iːˈsɒfəɡəs/ /ɪˈsɑfəɡəs/ /ɪˈsɒfəɡəs/ oesophagi oesophaguses n
przełyk
(anatomy) The tube that carries food from the pharynx to the stomach.

oeuvre /ˈuːvɹə/ /ˈəːvɹə/ /ˈɜːvɹə/ oeuvres n
dzieło utwór
A work of art.
dorobek twórczość
(uncountable, collective) The complete body of an artist's work.

of /ɒv/ /ɔv/ /ə/ /əv/ /ʌv/ preposition
z
Introducing an epithet that indicates a birthplace, residence, dominion, or other place associated with the individual.
Belonging to, existing in, or taking place in a given location, place or time. Compare "origin" senses, above. [from 9th c.]
(archaic, or, literary) Links an adjective with a noun or noun phrase to form a quasi-adverbial qualifier; in respect to, as regards. [from 13th c.]
na temat o
(following an adjective) Introduces its subject matter. [from 15th c.]
Introducing subject matter.
z o na temat
Links an intransitive verb, or a transitive verb and its subject (especially verbs to do with thinking, feeling, expressing etc.), with its subject-matter; concerning, with regard to. [from 10th c.]

of age
pełnoletni
Old enough to be considered an adult (in law, or by society generally).

of all things
akurat
(idiomatic) Especially; more than other things.

of all time
wszech czasów
Ever.

of blessed memory
błogosławionej pamięci
Honorific epithet used parenthetically to mark a beloved person as being deceased.

of course /əv ˈkoə(ɹ)s/ /əv ˈkɔː(ɹ)s/ adv
oczywiście
Naturally, as would be expected; for obvious reasons, obviously. [from 19th c.]

of its kind phraseologicalUnit
tego rodzaju
of the same type

of old
dawnych czasów minionych czasów

of one's own accord /əv ˌwʌnz oʊn əˈkɔɹd/ /əv ˌwʌnz əʊn əˈkɔːd/
z własnej woli na własne życzenie z dobrej i nieprzymuszonej woli z własnej i nieprzymuszonej woli
On one's (or its) own initiative; under one's (or its) own power, without being commanded or controlled.

of one's word
słowny
That keeps promises and tells the truth.

of someone's dreams
swoich marzeń wymarzony

of sorts
rodzaju typu
(idiomatic) Resembling; similar to; in a way; partially or not entirely.

of the century
stulecia
Used to indicate the most remarkable example of its kind in recent history.

of two minds
bić się z myślami
(idiomatic) Undecided or unsure; equivocating; conflicted in one's opinions.

off /ɑf/ /ɒf/ /ɔf/ /ɔːf/ adv
od-
In a direction away from the speaker or other reference point.

off /ɑf/ /ɒf/ /ɔf/ /ɔːf/ v
sprzątnąć

off and on adv
zrywami
Alternative form of on and off
(nautical) On different tacks, now toward, and now away from, the land.

off the beaten track
na uboczu

off the books
niezaksięgowany
(colloquial, with regard to income) Undeclared for tax and social insurance etc.

off the top of one's head
bez zastanowienia impromptu z głowy
(idiomatic) In an extemporaneous manner; without careful thought, preparation, or investigation.

off-color more off-color most off-color adj
niedysponowany
(idiomatic) Feeling mildly unwell.

off-putting more off-putting most off-putting adj
odpychający
Disconcerting, annoying or repulsive; tending to put off.

off-the-wall more off-the-wall most off-the-wall adj
od czapy
(idiomatic) Wildly unconventional; bizarre; absurd.

off-topic more off-topic most off-topic adj
nie na temat offtop
Not related to the matter under discussion.

off-white adj
białawy
Of a very pale colour that is almost white.

off-white off-whites n
złamana biel
A very pale colour that is almost white.

offal /ˈɑfl̩/ /ˈɒfl̩/ /ˈɔfl̩/ offals n
podroby
The internal organs of an animal, used as food.

offend /əˈfɛnd/ v
obrażać obrazić urazić urażać
(transitive) To hurt the feelings of; to displease; to make angry; to insult.
obrazić się
(intransitive) To feel or become offended; to take insult.

offender offenders n
przestępca
A person who commits an offense against the law, a lawbreaker.

offensive /əˈfɛnsɪv/ /ˈɔˌfɛnsɪv/ more offensive most offensive adj
obraźliwy
Causing offense; arousing a visceral reaction of disgust, anger, hatred, sadness, or indignation.
ofensywny
Relating to an offense or attack, as opposed to defensive.
(sports) Having to do with play directed at scoring.

offensive /əˈfɛnsɪv/ /ˈɔˌfɛnsɪv/ offensives n
ofensywa atak
(countable, military) An attack.

offer /ˈɑfɚ/ /ˈɒfə(ɹ)/ /ˈɔfɚ/ /ˈɔːfə(ɹ)/ offers n
oferta propozycja
A proposal that has been made.
oferta
Something put forth, bid, proffered or tendered.
(legal) An invitation to enter into a binding contract communicated to another party which contains terms sufficiently definite to create an enforceable contract if the other party accepts the invitation.

offer /ˈɑfɚ/ /ˈɒfə(ɹ)/ /ˈɔfɚ/ /ˈɔːfə(ɹ)/ v
oferować proponować zaoferować zaproponować
(intransitive) To propose or express one's willingness (to do something).
(transitive) To present in words; to proffer; to make a proposal of; to suggest.
(transitive) To place at someone’s disposal; to present (something) to be either accepted or turned down.

offertory /ˈɑfəɹˌtɔɹi/ /ˈɒfət(ə)ɹi/ offertories n
ofiarowanie ofertorium offertorium
(Christianity) The part of the Eucharist service when offerings of bread and wine are placed on the altar and when any collection is taken; also, the money or other things collected. [from 15th c.]

offhand /ˌɔfˈhænd/ more offhand most offhand adj
bezceremonialny
Curt, abrupt, unfriendly.

offhandedly /ˌɑfˈhændədli/ more offhandedly most offhandedly adv
bezceremonialnie

offhandedness /ˌɑfˈhændədnəs/ n
bezceremonialność

office /ˈɑfɪs/ /ˈɒfɪs/ /ˈɔfɪs/ offices n
oficjum
(religion) A ceremonial duty or service, particularly:
funkcja posada stanowisko
A position of responsibility.
biuro urząd
Official position, particularly high employment within government; tenure in such a position.
A room, set of rooms, or building used for non-manual work, particularly:

office boy office boys n
boy
A junior male clerk employed in a professional office to perform odd jobs, such as running errands or making copies.

office building office buildings n
biurowiec
A commercial building containing spaces for offices.

office party office parties n
przyjęcie firmowe

office worker office workers n
biuralista biuralistka
Someone who works in an office.

officer /ˈɑfəsɚ/ /ˈɑfɪsɚ/ /ˈɒfsə/ /ˈɒfəsə/ /ˈɒfɪsə/ /ˈɔfəsɚ/ /ˈɔfɪsɚ/ officers n
wysoki urzędnik wyższy urzędnik
One who has a position of authority in a hierarchical organization, especially in military, police or government organizations.
oficer
A respectful term of address for an officer, especially a police officer.
urzędnik urzędniczka
One who holds a public office.

official /əˈfɪʃəl/ more official most official adj
służbowy
Of or pertaining to an office or public trust.
oficjalny
Approved by authority; authorized.
Relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant.

official /əˈfɪʃəl/ officials n
urzędnik oficjel urzędniczka
An office holder, a person holding an official position in government, sports, or other organization.

official language official languages n
język urzędowy
A language afforded an elevated status in a particular country, state, or other jurisdiction, typically for government use.

officially /əˈfɪʃəli/ more officially most officially adv
oficjalnie
In an official manner; according to official rules or regulations.

officiate /əˈfiʃ.i.eɪt/ v
pełnić obowiązki przewodniczyć
(intransitive, transitive) To perform the functions of some office.
sędziować
(intransitive, transitive, sports) To serve as umpire or referee.

officious more officious most officious adj
nadgorliwy
Offensively intrusive or interfering in offering advice and services.

offline /ɑfˈlaɪn/ /ɒfˈlaɪn/ /ɔfˈlaɪn/ adj
offline
Of a system, currently not connected (generally electrically) to a larger network. For example, a power plant which is not connected to the grid, or a computer which is not connected to the Internet or to any other communications service.

offprint offprints n
nadbitka
A reproduction of a single article from a journal or similar publication.

offshoot offshoots n
odgałęzienie odnoga
Something which shoots off or separates from a main stem or branch of a plant.

offshore /ɒfˈʃɔː(ɹ)/ v
przenieść przenosić
To move industrial production from one region to another or from one country to another, usually seeking lower business costs, like labor.

offside /ɒfˈsaɪd/ more offside most offside adj
na spalonym spalony
(sports) In an illegal position ahead of the ball, puck, etc.

offside /ɒfˈsaɪd/ offsides n
spalony
(sports) An offside play.

offspring /ˈɑfspɹɪŋ/ /ˈɒfspɹɪŋ/ /ˈɔfspɹɪŋ/ offspring offsprings n
potomstwo potomek potomkini progenitura
An animal or plant's progeny or young.

often /ˈɑf(t)ən/ /ˈɒf(t)ən/ /ˈɔf(t)ən/ /ˈɔːf(t)ən/ more often most often oftener oftenest adv
często
Frequently; many times.

oganesson /oʊ.ɡəˈnɛsɒn/ n
oganeson
The chemical element (Symbol Og) with atomic number 118. It is the heaviest known element. Highly radioactive, it does not occur naturally. Originally expected to be a noble gas, it is now predicted to be a reactive metallic solid, and a semiconductor or a post-transition metal.

oghamic adj
ogamiczny
In, of, or pertaining to Ogham.

ogonek /ɒˈɡɒnɛk/ /ɔˈɡɔnɛk/ /ˈoʊɡənɛk/ /ˈəʊɡənɛk/ ogoneks n
ogonek
(orthography) A hook-shaped diacritical mark ⟨◌̨⟩ attached underneath a vowel, typically to indicate nasalization, as in Ąą, Ęę, Įį, Ǫǫ or Ųų.

ogre /ˈoʊ.ɡɚ/ /ˈəʊ.ɡə/ ogres n
ogr
(mythology) A type of brutish giant from folk tales that eats human flesh.

oh /oʊ/ /əʊ/ interjection
ach och
Expression of surprise.

oh dear interjection
o rany
An expression of dismay, concern, worry or disapproval.

oh my God interjection
mój Boże
(potentially, _, offensive) An expression of anger, frustration, excitement, shock, awe, dismay, etc.

oh my gosh interjection
O mój Boże
(idiomatic, US, UK, euphemistic) oh my God!

oh no /(ˈ)əʊ ˈnəʊ/ interjection
no o nie
An exclamation or expression of alarm, concern, or resentment about a problem or error.

ohel n
ohel
(Judaism) A structure erected over the grave of a great and righteous person.

ohm /oʊm/ /əʊm/ ohms n
om ohm
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of electrical resistance; the electrical resistance of a device across which a potential difference of one volt causes a current of one ampere. Symbol: Ω

oil /ɔl/ /ɔɪ(ə)l/ [ɔɪ(ə)ɫ] oils n
olej
Liquid fat.
(attributive) Containing oil, conveying oil; intended for or capable of containing oil.
olej ropa naftowa ropa
Petroleum-based liquid used as fuel or lubricant.

oil /ɔl/ /ɔɪ(ə)l/ [ɔɪ(ə)ɫ] v
naoliwić naoliwiać oliwić
(transitive) To lubricate with oil.

oil beetle oil beetles n
maik oleica
Any of the genus Meloe of blister beetles, which release oily droplets of toxic hemolymph from their joints when disturbed.

oil cake oil cakes n
makuch
The solid residue remaining after any oilseed has been pressed to remove the vegetable oil; it is used, with other ingredients, as animal food.

oil lamp oil lamps n
kaganek
A simple vessel used to produce light continuously for a period of time from a liquid fuel source.

oil paint oil paints n
farba olejna olej
A paint in which the colours or pigments are suspended in an oil-based carrier such as linseed oil which hardens on exposure to the air.

oil painting oil paintings n
obraz olejny olej
A painting done with oil paints.

oil palm oil palms n
palma olejowa
Elaeis guineensis, the principal source of palm oil and palm kernel oil.

oil pipeline n
naftociąg ropociąg
A pipeline that carries (crude) oil. (This entry is a translation hub.)

oil refining n
rafinacja ropy
The industrial process of converting crude oil into petroleum and other useful products

oil rig oil rigs n
wieża wiertnicza
A rig, consisting of platform and machinery, used to drill for oil and other petroleum products like natural gas.

oil sand oil sands n
piasek roponośny
A relatively loose sandstone, or porous carbonate rock, impregnated with bitumen.

oil spill oil spills n
wyciek ropy (naftowej)
an escape or (accidental) discharge of oil, usually into the sea.

oil tanker oil tankers n
tankowiec
(watercraft) A ship that transports oil (petroleum).

oil terminal oil terminals n
terminal naftowy
An industrial facility for the storage of oil, petroleum and petrochemical products

oil well oil wells n
szyb naftowy
A hole drilled into the earth from which petroleum is pumped.

oilbird oilbirds n
tłuszczak
Steatornis caripensis, a nocturnal South American bird related to the nightjars that feeds on the fruit of the oil palm and tropical laurels.

oilcloth oilcloths n
cerata
A fabric or cloth treated on one side with a waterproof covering, especially one made from linseed oil etc.; used for flooring, tablecloths, kitchen shelves and sometimes furniture covering.

oilily more oilily most oilily adv
oleiście
In an oily way; with the appearance or consistency of oil. [from 19th c.]

oilometer oilometers n
licznik oleju miernik oleju
An indicator of the oil level in a vehicle.

oink /ɔɪŋk/ interjection
chrum
Representing the grunting sound made by a pig.

oink /ɔɪŋk/ oinks n
chrumknięcie
The sound made by a pig, or an imitation thereof.

oink /ɔɪŋk/ v
chrumkać chrumknąć kwiczeć kwiknąć
(intransitive) Of a pig or in imitation thereof, to make its characteristic sound.

ointment /ˈɔɪn(t)m(ə)nt/ /ˈɔɪntm(ə)nt/ [ˈɔ̃ɪ̃(n)ʔ.mɪ̃(n)ʔ] ointments n
maść
(medicine) A viscous preparation of oils and/or fats, usually containing medication, used as a treatment or as an emollient.

okapi /oʊˈkɑpi/ /ə(ʊ)ˈkɑːpi/ /əʊˈkɑːpi/ okapi okapis n
okapi
A large ruminant mammal, Okapia johnstoni, found in the rainforests of the Congo, related to the giraffe but with a much shorter neck, a reddish-brown coat, and zebra-like stripes on its hindquarters. [from early 20th c.]

okey dokey, artichokey phraseologicalUnit
dobrze, dobrze, panie bobrze

okra /ˈoʊkɹə/ /ˈɒkɹə/ /ˈəʊkɹə/ okras n
ketmia piżmowa okra piżmian właściwy róża chińska
The edible immature mucilaginous seed pod (properly, capsule) of the Abelmoschus esculentus.

okroshka /əˈkɹɔʃkə/ okroshkas n
okroszka
A cold raw vegetable soup, part of the national cuisines of Russia and Ukraine.

okrug okrugs n
okręg
An administrative division of some Slavic states.

old /aʉld/ /ˈoʊld/ /ˈəʊld/ [ɒʊ(ɫ)d] [ˈɒʊ(ɫ)d] [ˈɔʊ(ɫ)d] elder eldest older oldermost oldest adj
stary
Of a perishable item, having existed for most of, or more than, its shelf life.
Having been used and thus no longer new or unused.
Having existed or lived for the specified time.
Former, previous.
stary niemłody
Of a living being, having lived for most of the expected years.
stary stare
Of an object, concept, relationship, etc., having existed for a relatively long period of time.

old age n
starość
The latter part of life, the part of life after one's prime.

old as the hills /ˌoʊld əz‿ðə ˈhɪlz/ /ˌəʊld əz‿ðə ˈhɪlz/ adj
stary jak świat
(idiomatic, simile, chiefly, hyperbolic) Extremely old.

old bag old bags n
babsztyl

old dear old dears n
babcia babina starowina staruszka
(endearing, or, patronizing) old woman

old fart old farts n
stary pryk
(pejorative, idiomatic) An elderly person who holds old-fashioned views.

old folks' home old folks' homes n
dom pogodnej jesieni dom spokojnej starości dom starców
(colloquial, sometimes, derogatory, or, humorous) A residential complex for elderly people often equipped with special facilities and care services; especially, a nursing home.

old guard old guards n
stara gwardia
A (comparatively) conservative, reactionary faction that is more unwilling to accept new ideas than their peers are.
Collectively, the members of a team who have been a long time in a place.

old hand old hands n
wyga wyjadacz wyjadaczka
(idiomatic) A person who is experienced at a certain activity.

old lady old ladies n
stara staruszka
(literal, informal) An elderly woman.
stara
(slang) One's mother.
baba stara
(slang, US) One's girlfriend, wife or significant other.

old maid old maids n
piotruś
(uncountable) A card game in which cards must be paired and one undesirable card is designated "old maid".

old man old men n
dziadek staruszek starzec stary
(literally) An elderly man.
stary
(colloquial) A husband, or male significant other, irrespective of age.
stary staruszek zgred
(slang, military) A unit's commanding officer, or the commander of a naval vessel, irrespective of age.

old school more old school most old school adj
oldskulowy staromodny staroszkolny
(informal, idiomatic) Characteristic of a style, outlook, or method employed in a former era, remembered either as inferior to the current style, or alternately, remembered nostalgically as superior or preferable to the new style, the older denoting something that would be considered out of date or out of fashion to some, but as such, is considered by others as cool and hip.

old school n
stary nurt
(informal, idiomatic) A style, way of thinking, or method for accomplishing a task that was employed in a former era, remembered either for its inferiority to the current method, or for its time-honored superiority over the new way.

old sweat old sweats n
wiarus
(British, military slang, mostly, WWI) An experienced soldier.

old town old towns n
starówka stare miasto
The historic district of a city or town.

old wine in a new bottle n
stare wino w nowych bukłakach
(idiomatic) An existing concept or institution offered as though it were a new one.

old woman old women n
baba starucha staruszka babcia
(literally) An elderly woman.

old-fashioned /oʊldˈfæʃənd/ /əʊldˈfæʃənd/ more old-fashioned most old-fashioned older-fashioned oldest-fashioned adj
staromodny staroświecki
Of a thing: outdated or no longer in vogue.
staromodny
Of a person: preferring the customs of earlier times.

old-growth forest old-growth forests n
las pierwotny
(forestry) A forest that has attained great age without significant disturbance.

old-timer old-timers n
weteran
One who has been around for a long time or has a great deal of experience; a veteran.

older brother older brothers n
starszy brat
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see older,‎ brother. (This entry is a translation hub.)

oldness /əʊldnəs/ oldnesses n
starość
the state of being old; age

oleaginous /ˌoʊ.liˈæd͡ʒ.ɪ.nəs/ /ˌəʊ.lɪˈæd͡ʒ.ɪ.nəs/ more oleaginous most oleaginous adj
oleisty tłusty
Oily, greasy.
obłudny
(of manner or speech) Falsely or affectedly earnest; persuasively suave.

oleander /ˈoʊliændɚ/ /ˌoʊliˈændɚ/ /ˌəʊliˈændə(ɹ)/ oleanders n
oleander
Nerium oleander, a notoriously poisonous shrub in the dogbane family, Apocynaceae, but nonetheless widely grown as an ornamental, having leathery lance-shaped leaves and deep rose-colored or white flowers.

oleaster oleasters n
oliwnik
especially, a plant in the genus Elaeagnus,

olericulture n
warzywnictwo
The field of horticulture dealing with the production, storage, processing and marketing of vegetables

olfaction olfactions n
węch
The sense of smell; the detection of airborne molecules.

olfactory /oʊlˈfæk.təɹ.i/ /ɑlˈfæk.təɹ.i/ /ɒlˈfak.tə.ɹi/ /ɒlˈfak.tɹi/ adj
węchowy
(relational) Concerning the sense of smell.

oligarch /ˈoʊləɡɑɹk/ /ˈɑləɡɑɹk/ oligarchs n
oligarcha
A member of an oligarchy; someone who is part of a small group that runs a country.

oligarchic adj
oligarchiczny
Of or pertaining to oligarchy.

oligarchy /ˈoʊlɪˌɡɑɹki/ /ˈɑːlɪˌɡɑɹki/ /ˈɒlɪˌɡɑːki/ oligarchies n
oligarchia
A government run by only a few, often the wealthy.
Those who make up an oligarchic government.
A state ruled by such a government.

oligomer /əˈlɪ.ɡə.məɹ/ oligomers n
oligomer
(chemistry) A compound intermediate between a monomer and a polymer, normally having a specified number of units between about five and a hundred.

oligopoly /ɒlɪˈɡɒpli/ /ɒlɪˈɡɒpəli/ /ˌoʊ-/ /ˌɑləˈɡɑpəli/ oligopolies n
oligopol
(economics) An economic condition in which a small number of sellers exert control over the market of a commodity.

oligotherapy n
terapeutyczne użycie pierwiastków śladowych
(alternative medicine) The supposed therapeutic use of trace elements.

oliguria oligurias n
oliguria skąpomocz
(medicine) A decreased production in the volume of urine.

olingo olingos n
olingo
A small procyonid resembling the kinkajou, native to the rainforests of Central and South America.

olive /ˈɑ.lɪv/ /ˈɒl.ɪv/ more olive most olive adj
oliwkowy żółtawozielony
Of a grayish green color, that of an unripe olive.

olive /ˈɑ.lɪv/ /ˈɒl.ɪv/ olives n
oliwka
The small oval fruit of this tree, eaten ripe (usually black) or unripe (usually green).
oliwkowy
A dark yellowish-green color, that of an unripe olive.

olive branch /ˈɑlɪv bɹæntʃ/ /ˈɒlɪv bɹɑːntʃ/ olive branches n
gałązka oliwna
A branch of an olive tree offered as an emblem of peace.

olive grove olive groves n
oliwnik
A cluster of olive trees.

olive oil olive oils n
oliwa oliwa z oliwek olej oliwkowy
A vegetable oil, pressed from olives, and used in cooking and as a salad dressing; it is high in unsaturated fatty acids.

olive tree olive trees n
oliwka
An evergreen tree, Olea europaea, that produces olives as fruit.

olive-backed pipit olive-backed pipits n
świergotek tajgowy
Anthus hodgsoni, passerine bird of the pipit (Anthus) genus, which breeds across southern, north central and eastern Asia, as well as in the north-eastern European Russia

om nom nom interjection
om
(slang, or, childish) The sound made while relishing food.

omasum omasa omasums n
księgi
(biology, food) The third compartment of the stomach of a ruminant; the lining of said compartment, regarded as a foodstuff.

ombudsman /ɒmˈbʊdzmən/ /ˈɑmbədzmən/ /ˈɒmbədzmən/ ombudsmen n
ombudsman rzecznik
An appointed official whose duty is to investigate complaints, generally on behalf of individuals such as consumers or taxpayers, against institutions such as companies and government departments.

ombudswoman ombudswomen n
ombudsmanka
A female ombudsman.

omega /oʊˈmɛɡə/ /ˈəʊmiːɡə/ /ˈəʊmɪɡə/ /ˌoʊˈmeɪɡə/ omegala omegas n
omega
The twenty-fourth letter of the Classical and the Modern Greek alphabet, and the twenty-eighth letter of the Old and the Ancient Greek alphabet, i.e. the last letter of every Greek alphabet. Uppercase version: Ω; lowercase: ω.

omelette /ˈɑ.mə.lət/ /ˈɑm.lət/ /ˈɑm.lɪt/ /ˈɒm.lɪt/ /ˈɔm.lət/ omelettes n
omlet
A dish made with beaten eggs cooked in a frying pan without stirring, flipped over to cook on both sides, and sometimes filled or topped with other foodstuffs, for example cheese or chives.

omeprazole /oʊˈmɛp.ɹəˌzoʊl/ /əʊˈmɛp.ɹə.zəʊl/ n
omeprazol

omicron /əʊˈmaɪkɹɒn/ /əʊˈmaɪkɹən/ /əˈmaɪkɹɒn/ /ˈoʊməˌkɹɑn/ /ˈoʊmɪˌkɹɑn/ /ˈɑməˌkɹɑn/ /ˈɑmɪˌkɹɑn/ /ˈɒmɪkɹɒn/ /ˈɒmɪkɹən/ /ˈəʊmɪkɹɒn/ n
omikron
(virology, pathology) Ellipsis of Omicron variant.

ominous /ˈɑmɪnəs/ /ˈɒmɪnəs/ more ominous most ominous adj
złowieszczy złowróżbny
Specifically, giving indication of a coming ill; being an evil omen

omit /oʊˈmɪt/ /əʊˈmɪt/ v
opuścić opuszczać pomijać pominąć
(transitive) To leave out or exclude.

omni- prefix
wszech-
all

omnibus /ˈɑmnɪbəs/ /ˈɒmnɪbəs/ omnibi omnibuses omnibusses n
omnibus
(dated) A bus (vehicle for transporting large numbers of people along roads).

omnidirectional /ɒmˈnɪdaɪˈɹɛk.ʃə.nəl/ /ɒmˈnɪdɪˈɹɛk.ʃə.nəl/ adj
dookólny wszechkierunkowy
In every direction, especially of a radio system capable of transmitting or receiving signals in all directions, or of a microphone capable of detecting sound from all directions.

omnifarious more omnifarious most omnifarious adj
różnoraki różnorodny wszelaki
Of many or all forms, varieties, or kinds.

omnipotence /ɒmˈnɪpətəns/ omnipotences n
wszechmoc
Unlimited power; commonly attributed to a deity or deities.

omnipotent /ɒmˈnɪpətənt/ more omnipotent most omnipotent adj
wszechmocny
Having unlimited power, force or authority.

omnipresence omnipresences n
wszechobecność omniprezencja
The ability to be, or the characteristic of being, at all places at the same time (usually only attributed to God).

omnipresent [ˌɑmnɪˈpɹɛzn̩t] [ˌɒmnɪˈpɹɛzn̩t] [ˌɔmnɪˈpɹezn̩t] adj
wszechobecny
Being everywhere simultaneously.

omniscience /ɑmˈnɪʃəns/ /ɒmˈnɪsiəns/ omnisciences n
wszechwiedza
The capacity to know everything.

omniscient /ɑmˈnɪʃənt/ /ɒmˈnɪsɪənt/ adj
wszystkowiedzący wszechwiedzący
Having total knowledge.

omniscient narrator omniscient narrators n
narrator wszechwiedzący

omnivore /ˈɒmnɪvɔː(ɹ)/ omnivores n
wszystkożerca
An animal which is able to consume both plants (like a herbivore) and meat (like a carnivore).

omnivorous /ɑmˈnɪ.vɝ.əs/ adj
wszystkożerny
Having a diet which is neither exclusively carnivorous nor exclusively herbivorous.

on /ɑn/ /ɒn/ /ɔn/ /ɔʊn/ adj
włączony
In the state of being active, functioning or operating.

on /ɑn/ /ɒn/ /ɔn/ /ɔʊn/ preposition
na
Positioned at the upper surface of, touching from above.
Covering.
To the account or detriment of; denoting imprecation or invocation, or coming to, falling, or resting upon.
o
Denoting performance or action by contact with the surface, upper part, or outside of anything; hence, by means of; with.
Dealing with the subject of; about; concerning.
w
Sometime during the day of.
na przy
(mathematics) Having V^n as domain and V as codomain, for some set V and integer n.

on a case-by-case basis
indywidualnie osobno

on a plate
na tacy
(colloquial) Within easy reach; easily achieved.

on a regular basis
na bieżąco
(idiomatic) Regularly; occurring in regular time intervals or patterns.

on a roll
na fali
(informal) Having a streak of good luck or good progress or success.

on a shoestring
budżetowo
(idiomatic) On a very tight budget; with few resources or little money.

on a whim
dla kaprysu
(idiomatic) Without thinking seriously about the consequences.

on account of preposition
z racji
(idiomatic) Because of, due to, owing to.

on air
na antenie
Being, or so as to be, broadcast or transmitted by radio or television.

on all fours adv
na bałyku na czworakach raczkiem
(idiomatic) On one's hands and knees.

on an empty stomach
na czczo na pusty żołądek

on an equal footing
na równi

on and off adv
zrywami
(idiomatic) Intermittently.

on and on adv
bez końca
Continuously and tediously.

on average
przeciętnie średnio
Expressed as a measure of central tendency (usually the arithmetic mean).
średnio
(idiomatic) Usually, typically; as a rule; as often as not.

on behalf of
w imieniu
Speaking or acting for.

on board adj
na pokładzie
On or in a means of transportation.

on board interjection
na pokład!

on cloud nine
w siódmym niebie
(idiomatic) In a state of elation; very happy; blissful.

on credit
na krechę na kredyt na kreskę na zeszyt
With an understanding that the money lent will be paid back.

on demand
na żądanie
(idiomatic) When needed or required.

on duty
dyżurny
Actively engaged in an assigned task, duty or occupation.

on earth
-ż jakim cudem na Boga
Expletive used for emphasis after an interrogative word.

on edge
spięty
(idiomatic) Tense, nervous; consequently irritable.

on end
nonstop
(idiomatic) without interruption, without stopping, continuously
do góry nogami
upright; erect; endways

on everyone's lips
na ustach wszystkich

on file
w aktach

on fire
płonąć
Being burned by fire.
na fali
(idiomatic) Doing very well; achieving good results at a rapid rate.

on foot
pieszo na piechotę piechotą
On one's feet; walking, jogging or running but not in a vehicle or on the back of an animal. [from 10th c.]

on good terms
na dobrej stopie
(idiomatic) being friendly; having good relations.

on guard more on guard most on guard adj
mieć się na baczności
Vigilant, alert.

on hand
pod ręką
(idiomatic) Available; ready; in stock.

on one's conscience
na sumieniu

on one's deathbed
na łożu śmierci
(idiomatic) Close to death.

on one's feet
na nogach
While standing up or walking, running, etc.
(idiomatic) Able to stand; hence, healthy, well, especially after some previous illness.
(idiomatic) In a satisfactory (non-physical) condition; happy financially, emotionally, etc.

on one's last legs
na ostatnich nogach
(idiomatic) About to die.

on one's own
samodzielnie na własną rękę
(idiomatic) Alone; by oneself; without the companionship or assistance of others.

on one's period
mieć okres

on pain of /ɑn ˈpeɪn əv/ /ɒn ˈpeɪn əv/
pod karą
Used to warn of consequences if a specified act is done or not done: subject to the punishment of (some penalty); or (generally) subject to the circumstance of (some thing).

on paper
na papierze
(figuratively) Based on debatable inference; in theory.

on principle
dla zasady

on purpose
celowo naumyślnie specjalnie umyślnie z rozmysłem
(idiomatic) By design, as opposed to by accident; intentionally; deliberately. [from 16th c.]

on someone's mind
na głowie
(idiomatic) Preoccupying someone; present in someone's thoughts.

on tap
beczkowy
(of beer, etc.) Available directly from the barrel by way of a tap.

on the back burner
na drugi plan
(idiomatic) Not immediate; inactive; receiving or requiring less than full or regular attention.

on the basis of preposition
na podstawie

on the blink
niedysponowany
(UK, AU, informal) functioning erratically, malfunctioning; not working or not working well. Usually refers to a mechanical or electrical device.

on the breadline
klepać biedę

on the brink of /ɒn ðə brɪŋk əv/ preposition
na krawędzi na skraju
Very near, imminently approaching; ready to, about to.

on the contrary
przeciwnie wręcz przeciwnie
(conjunctive) Opposite of what had earlier been expected or assumed.

on the dot
punkt
(idiomatic) Exactly; precisely, especially of a time of day.

on the double
w biegu
(idiomatic) Rapidly or immediately.

on the edge of one's seat
trzymać w napięciu
(idiomatic) In suspense; waiting eagerly or anxiously for some resolution.

on the face of it
na pierwszy rzut oka
(idiomatic) Seemingly; to all appearances; as far as can be seen or determined without deeper investigation or analysis.

on the fence
na dwoje babka wróżyła stać pod znakiem zapytania

on the fly adv
w locie
(idiomatic) Spontaneously or extemporaneously; done as one goes, or during another activity.

on the fritz
szwankować
(of electrical or mechanical appliances, idiomatic, US) Out of order; malfunctioning; broken.

on the go
w biegu
(idiomatic) Actively traveling; busy; moving often.

on the heels of preposition
na piętach po piętach
(idiomatic) In close pursuit of; close behind.

on the house
na koszt firmy
(of goods or services) free, complimentary.

on the loose
na wolności
(idiomatic) Not incarcerated or in captivity; not under control.

on the one hand
z jednej strony
(sequence, idiomatic) From one point of view.

on the order of adv
rzędu
(often, followed by a number) Approximately.

on the other hand
z drugiej strony natomiast
(sequence, idiomatic) From another point of view.

on the right track
na dobrym tropie

on the safe side
występując bezpiecznie
Taking precautions.

on the same wavelength
na tych samych falach
(idiomatic) In rapport or complete accord.

on the side
na boku uboczny

on the sly adv
ukradkiem
(idiomatic) Slyly, in an inconspicuous manner, so as not to be seen; secretly; stealthily.

on the spot
z miejsca
(idiomatic) At that very moment.

on the street
na ulicy
(idiomatic) Without a home; without the means to afford good shelter.

on the table
na tapecie
(politics) Up for formal discussion; tabled.

on the tip of one's tongue
na końcu języka
Known but not quite able to be recalled.

on the warpath
na wojennej ścieżce
(idiomatic) Very angry or upset and eager for confrontation.

on the way
w drodze
(idiomatic) Coming; approaching.
po drodze
On the direct route that one intends to travel.
While travelling.

on the whole
generalnie ogólnie rzecz biorąc
(idiomatic) For the most part; apart from some insignificant details.

on thin ice adv
stąpać po cienkim lodzie
(idiomatic) dangerously, hazardously, delicately

on tick
na krechę na kredyt na kreskę na zeszyt
(dated, informal, British) bought with an agreement to pay later

on time
na czas o czasie punktualnie
Punctually or according to the schedule.

on top of preposition
na dodatek oprócz
Very close to, in any orientation or in time.
(idiomatic) In addition to something else.

on top of that
na dodatek na domiar
Also, additionally, moreover.

on your head be it phraseologicalUnit
rób na własną odpowiedzialność

on your mark, get set, go phraseologicalUnit
do biegu, gotowi, start na miejsca, gotowi, start
(sports) A three-command start when racing:

on-the-job adj
stanowiskowy

onager /-ɡə/ /ˈɑnəd͡ʒɚ/ /ˈɒnəd͡ʒə/ /ˈɔː-/ onagers onagri n
onager
The Asiatic wild ass or hemione (Equus hemionus), an animal of the horse family native to Asia; specifically, the Persian onager, Persian wild ass, or Persian zebra (Equus hemionus onager).
(military, historical) A military engine acting like a sling which threw stones from a bag or wooden bucket powered by the torsion from a bundle of ropes or sinews operated by machinery; a torsion catapult.

once /wɒn(t)s/ /wʌn(t)s/ adv
jeden raz raz
(frequency) One and only one time.
wcześniej
(temporal location) Formerly; during some period in the past.

once /wɒn(t)s/ /wʌn(t)s/ conjunction
gdy tylko jak tylko kiedy tylko
As soon as; when; after.

once again adv
ponownie znowu jeszcze raz na nowo
(idiomatic) Again, once more, one more time.

once and for all adv
raz na zawsze raz a dobrze raz a porządnie
(idiomatic) Conclusively, finally, permanently.

once bitten, twice shy proverb
kto się na gorącym sparzył, ten na zimne dmucha
One is cautious if one has been hurt in the past.

once in a blue moon /wʌns ɪn ə bluː muːn/ adv
od wielkiego dzwonu raz na ruski rok
(idiomatic) Very rarely; very infrequently.

once in a while adv
raz na jakiś czas
(idiomatic) Occasionally; sometimes.

once or twice phraseologicalUnit
raz czy dwa
(idiomatic) A small, indefinite number of times.

once upon a time /ˈwʌns.əˈpɑn.əˈtaɪ̯m/ adv
dawno, dawno temu pewnego razu za górami, za lasami
A long time ago; at some time in the past (a traditional beginning of children's stories, especially fairy tales).

oncilla /ɒnˈsiː.ə/ oncillas n
ocelot tygrysi oncilla
Leopardus tigrinus, a small spotted felid found in the tropical rainforests of Central and South America.

oncologic /ˌɒŋkəˈlɒd͡ʒɪk/ adj
onkologiczny
(oncology) Of or pertaining to oncology

oncologist /ɒnˈkɒləd͡ʒɪst/ /ɒŋˈkɒləd͡ʒɪst/ oncologists n
onkolog
(oncology) A doctor or scientist who specializes in oncology.

oncology /ɒŋˈkɒləd͡ʒi/ oncologies n
onkologia
The branch of medicine concerned with tumors, including study of their development, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

one /oʊn/ /w/ /wan/ /wɒn/ /wʌn/ /ɔːn/ [wän] determiner
jedyny jeden
Being a preeminent example.
jedyny niejaki
Being an unknown person with the specified name; see also "a certain".
jedyny pewien
Used for emphasis in place of a

one /oʊn/ /w/ /wan/ /wɒn/ /wʌn/ /ɔːn/ [wän] ones n
jedynka jeden
The digit or figure 1.
jednodolarówka
(US) A one-dollar bill.

one /oʊn/ /w/ /wan/ /wɒn/ /wʌn/ /ɔːn/ [wän] numeral
jeden jedynka
The number represented by the Arabic numeral 1; the numerical value equal to that cardinal number.

one /oʊn/ /w/ /wan/ /wɒn/ /wʌn/ /ɔːn/ [wän] pronoun
ktoś
(impersonal pronoun, indefinite) One thing (among a group of others); one member of a group.

one after another adv
jeden po drugim jeden za drugim
(idiomatic) In single file.

one and a half numeral
półtora półtorej
(This entry is a translation hub.)

one and all pronoun
wszyscy co do jednego
(idiomatic) The entire set of persons or things within a given domain, considered both as separate individuals and collectively.

one and only adj
jeden jedyny
(idiomatic) Unique, one of a kind.

one another pronoun
nawzajem
(reciprocal pronoun) Used of a reciprocal relationship among a group of two or more people or things; compare each other.

one at a time adv
pojedynczo
During sequentially discrete instances.

one by one adv
jeden po drugim jeden za drugim
Individually in succession.

one day adv
pewnego dnia kiedyś
(set phrase) At some unspecified time in the future.

one fell swoop n
za jednym zamachem
(idiomatic) One stroke; one action or event that achieves or accomplishes many results.

one for all, all for one /wʌn fəɹɔːl ɔːl fə wʌn/ phraseologicalUnit
jeden za wszystkich, wszyscy za jednego
Each individual should act for the benefit of the group, and the group should act for the benefit of each individual.

one for the road n
rozchodniak strzemienny
A final drink before one leaves.

one good turn deserves another proverb
przysługa za przysługę
One act of kindness should be paid back by another act of kindness.

one hundred one numeral
sto jeden
The cardinal number one hundred plus one.

one hundred percent adj
na sto procent stuprocentowy
Complete, entire, whole, perfect.
Completely sure.

one hundred percent adv
bez reszty na sto procent
Totally, completely.

one man and his dog n
prawie nikt
Almost nobody; very few people.

one man's meat is another man's poison proverb
kto co lubi
People have differing tastes; what pleases one person may displease another.

one may as well hang for a sheep as a lamb proverb
lepiej iść na całość

one moment, please phraseologicalUnit
chwilę, proszę
Used to ask a person to wait a moment.

one o'clock n
pierwsza
(In both the 12-hour clock and the 24-hour clock) The start of the second hour of the day; 1:00 a.m. (01:00).

one of a kind one of a kinds n
jedyny w swoim rodzaju
A unique specimen.

one of these days adv
niedługo wkrótce
One day, some day (especially in warning of a negative consequence) .

one swallow does not a summer make proverb
jedna jaskółka wiosny nie czyni
One instance of an event (such as the arrival of a single bird) does not necessarily indicate a trend.

one thing led to another phraseologicalUnit
po nitce do kłębka

one way or another adv
tak czy inaczej
(informal) Somehow, but certainly.

one's /wʌnz/ determiner
swój
Belonging to one.

one's bark is worse than one's bite phraseologicalUnit
pies który dużo szczeka - nie gryzie
(idiomatic) One acts in a threatening way but is relatively harmless.

one's blood runs cold phraseologicalUnit
aż zmroziło
(idiomatic) One experiences a visceral feeling of fear, horror, dread, or strong foreboding.

one's days are numbered phraseologicalUnit
czyjeś dni są policzone
(idiomatic) Some period of time, such as a term of employment or a lifetime, is coming to an end.

one's elevator doesn't go all the way to the top phraseologicalUnit
nie mieć wszystkich w domu
(US, humorous) Used as an indirect way to say that someone is mentally deficient.

one's lips are sealed phraseologicalUnit
trzymać buzię na kłódkę
(idiomatic) One will not tell anyone else; one is keeping a secret.

one-armed /ˌwʌnɑɹmd/ /ˌwʌnɑːmd/ adj
jednoręki jednoramienny
Having only one arm; especially having lost an arm.

one-armed bandit /ˌwʌnɑɹmd ˈbændɪt/ /ˌwʌnɑːmd ˈbændɪt/ one-armed bandits n
jednoręki bandyta
(originally, US, gambling) A gaming machine having a long arm-like handle at one side that a player pulls down to make reels spin; the player wins money or tokens when certain combinations of symbols line up on these reels.

one-dimensional more one-dimensional most one-dimensional adj
jednowymiarowy
Having length, but no width, height or depth.

one-eyed adj
jednooki
Having only a single eye, particularly when a greater number is normal.

one-fourth numeral
jedna czwarta
One of four equal parts (1/4, ¼, 0.25).

one-handed adv
jednoręki
Using only one hand; one-handedly.

one-legged /ˈwʌnˌlɛɡəd/ adj
jednonogi
Having only one leg.

one-man band one-man bands n
człowiek orkiestra
A musician who plays several musical instruments at once.

one-off one-offs n
prowizorka
(idiomatic) Something that is done, created, etc. only once, and often quickly, simply, or improvisationally.

one-to-one more one-to-one most one-to-one adj
odpowiedni
Matching each member of one set with exactly one member of another set.

one-two-three adv
raz-dwa-trzy
Quickly.

one-way adj
jednokierunkowy jednostronny
Allowing movement in only one direction; unidirectional.
jednostronny
Allowing travel in only one direction.

one-way mirror one-way mirrors n
lustro półprzepuszczalne lustro weneckie
A mirror reflecting images on one side and transparent on the other, often used by the police during interrogations.

one-way street one-way streets n
jednokierunkowa (ulica)
A road in which traffic is only allowed to proceed in one direction.

one-way ticket one-way tickets n
bilet jednorazowy bilet jednostronny bilet w jedną stronę
(travel) A ticket granting permission to travel to a place but not return.

one-year-old adj
roczny
Having lived or existed for one year.

oneiric /oʊ.ˈnaɪ.ɹɪk/ /əʊ.ˈnaɪ.ɹɪk/ more oneiric most oneiric adj
oniryczny senny
Of or pertaining to dreams.

oneirism /ə(ʊ)ˈnʌɪɹɪzəm/ oneirisms n
oniryzm
(rare) Dream-like experiences or qualities; dreaminess.

oneirology oneirologies n
oneirologia
The study of dreams and their interpretation.

oneiromancy /-ɹə-/ /oʊˈnaɪɹoʊˌmæn(t)si/ /əʊˈnaɪɹəʊ-/ /əˈnaɪɹəˌmænsi/ oneiromancies n
onejromancja
(uncountable, divination) Divination by the interpretation of dreams.

onerous /ˈoʊnəɹəs/ /ˈɑnəɹəs/ /ˈɒnəɹəs/ /ˈəʊnəɹəs/ more onerous most onerous adj
uciążliwy
imposing or constituting a physical, mental, or figurative load which can be borne only with effort; burdensome.

oneself /wʌnˈsɛlf/ pronoun
siebie sobie
A person's self: general form of himself, herself, themself or yourself.

ongoing adj
w toku
Continuing, permanent, lasting.
Presently or currently happening; being in progress.

onigiri /ˌoʊ.nɪˈɡɪɹ.i/ onigiri onigiris n
onigiri
A Japanese rice ball.

onion /ˈɪn.jən/ /ˈɪŋ.ən/ /ˈʌn.jən/ /ˈʌŋ.jɪn/ onions n
cebula
A monocotyledonous plant (Allium cepa), allied to garlic, used as vegetable and spice.
The bulb of such a plant.
czosnek
A plant of the genus Allium as a whole.

onion dome onion domes n
cebula
(architecture) An onion-shaped dome, characteristic of august buildings in Moghul and Russian architecture

online /ɑnlaɪn/ /ɑnˈlaɪn/ /ɒnˈlaɪn/ /ɔnˈlaɪn/ /ˈɒnlaɪn/ /ˈɔnlaɪn/ more online most online adj
online
Of a computer: actively connected to the Internet or to some other communications service.
Of a system: connected (generally electrically) to a larger network.
Available over, or delivered from, the Internet.

online /ɑnlaɪn/ /ɑnˈlaɪn/ /ɒnˈlaɪn/ /ɔnˈlaɪn/ /ˈɒnlaɪn/ /ˈɔnlaɪn/ adv
online
While online; while in a running or active state, or connected to the Internet.

only /ˈoʊn.li/ /ˈəʊn.i/ /ˈəʊn.li/ adj
jedyny
Alone in a category.
jedyny najlepszy
Singularly superior; the best.

only /ˈoʊn.li/ /ˈəʊn.i/ /ˈəʊn.li/ adv
tylko jedynie
Without others or anything further; exclusively.
tylko
No more than; just.
dopiero tylko
As recently as.

only /ˈoʊn.li/ /ˈəʊn.i/ /ˈəʊn.li/ conjunction
tyle że
But; except.

only child only children n
jedynak jedynaczka
A person who has no siblings.

only if conjunction
tylko jeżeli
Not unless; used to introduce a necessary condition.

onocentaur /ɒnəˈsɛntɔː/ onocentaurs n
onocentaury
A centaur with the body of an ass, instead of a prototypical horse.

onomastic /ˌɑː.noʊˈmæs.tɪk/ /ˌɑː.nəˈmæs.tɪk/ /ˌɒ.nəʊˈmæs.tɪk/ adj
onomastyczny
Of or relating to onomastics.

onomasticon /ˌɑː.noʊˈmæs.tɪkən/ /ˌɑː.nəˈmæs.tɪkən/ /ˌɒ.nəʊˈmæs.tɪ.kən/ onomastica onomasticons n
onomastykon
A book, list, or vocabulary of names, especially of people.

onomastics /ˌɑː.noʊˈmæs.tɪks/ /ˌɑː.nəˈmæs.tɪks/ /ˌɒ.nəʊˈmæs.tɪks/ n
onomastyka nazewnictwo
The branch of lexicology devoted to the study of names and naming, especially the origins of names.

onomatodoxy /ˌɒnəˈmætəˌdɒksi/ n
imiesławie
(Eastern Orthodoxy) The doctrine that the name of God is God himself.

onomatopoeia /ˌɑnəˌmætəˈpiːə/ /ˌɑnəˌmɑnəˈpiːə/ /ˌɑnəˌmɑtəˈpiːə/ /ˌɒnəˌmætəˈpiːə/ /ˌɒnəˌmɛtəˈpæɪə/ onomatopoeiae onomatopoeias n
onomatopeja wyraz dźwiękonaśladowczy
(uncountable) The property of a word that sounds like what it represents.
(countable) A word that sounds like what it represents, such as "gurgle", "stutter", or "hiss".

onotherapy n
onoterapia

onshore v
przenieść przenosić

onslaught /ˈɒnslɔːt/ onslaughts n
atak
A fierce attack.

onto /ˈɑn.tu/ /ˈɑn.tə/ /ˈɑn.tʊ/ /ˈɒn.tuː/ /ˈɒn.tə/ /ˈɒn.tʊ/ /ˈɔn.tu/ /ˈɔn.tə/ /ˈɔn.tʊ/ preposition
na
Arriving upon or on top of (speaking of a physical or metaphorical movement).

onto- prefix
onto-

ontological adj
ontologiczny
Of or pertaining to the nature of being or existence.

ontologically more ontologically most ontologically adv
ontologicznie
In an ontological manner.

ontologist ontologists n
ontolog
(philosophy) A scholar or theorist of ontology, or an adherent of a particular ontological doctrine.

ontology /ɒnˈtɒləd͡ʒi/ ontologies n
ontologia
(uncountable, philosophy) The branch of metaphysics that addresses the nature or essential characteristics of being and of things that exist; the study of being qua being.
(countable, computer science, information science) A structure of concepts or entities within a domain, organized by relationships; a system model.

onus /ˈoʊnəs/ /ˈəʊnəs/ onera onuses n
obowiązek prawny
A legal obligation.
ciężar dowodu
(legal) Burden of proof, onus probandi.

onward /ˈɑnwɚd/ /ˈɒnwəd/ /ˈɔnwɚd/ adv
do przodu w przód
In a forward direction.

onycholysis onycholyses n
onycholiza

onychophoran onychophorans n
pazurnica pratchawiec
(zoology) Any of many wormlike carnivorous ecdysozoan animals of the phylum Onychophora. [from 19th c.]

onyx /ˈɒnɪks/ onyxes n
onyks
(mineral) A banded variety of chalcedony, a cryptocrystalline form of quartz.

oodles /ˈud(ə)lz/ /ˈuːdlz/ n
masa mnóstwo
(originally, US, informal) Chiefly followed by of: an unspecified large amount, number, or quantity; lots, tons.

oogamy /oʊˈɒɡəmi/ n
oogamia
(biology) A form of anisogamy (heterogamy) in which the female gamete (e.g. ovum) is significantly larger than the male gamete (sperm) and is non-motile.

oogonium oogonia oogoniums n
lęgnia
(biology) An immature ovarian egg within a developing fetus.

ooh /uː/ interjection
u
An expression of surprise.

oolite /ˈəʊəlʌɪt/ oolites n
ikrowiec oolit
(geology) A rock consisting of spherical grains within a mineral cortex accreted around a nucleus, often of quartz grains.

oology /oʊˈ(w)ɑləd͡ʒi/ /əʊˈɒləd͡ʒi/ n
oologia owlogia
The hobby or practice of collecting birds' eggs, especially those of wild birds.

oomph /umf/ /ʊmf/ oomphs n
energia ikra siła
(informal, uncountable) Strength, power, passion or effectiveness; clout.
seksapil
(informal, uncountable) Sex appeal.
burknięcie chrząknięcie
(countable) A bassy grunting or thudding sound.

oomycete oomycetes n
lęgniowiec
(biology) Any of a number of filamentous unicellular protists of the class Oomycetes; the water molds.

oophorectomy /ˌəʊəfəˈɹɛktəmi/ oophorectomies n
owariektomia
(medicine) Surgical removal of one or both ovaries.

oophorous adj
jajonośny

oops /uːps/ /ʊps/ interjection
oj ups
(colloquial) Acknowledging a mistake.

ootheca /əʊəˈθiːkə/ oothecae n
ooteka
An egg case of any of the orthopteroid insects (such as cockroaches and mantids).

ooze /uːz/ oozes n
brzeczka garbująca
Tanning liquor, an aqueous extract of vegetable matter (tanbark, sumac, etc.) in a tanning vat used to tan leather.

ooze /uːz/ v
wyciekać sączyć się
(intransitive, sometimes, figurative) To be secreted or slowly leak.

opacification opacifications n
zacienienie
The action of making something opaque or cloudy.
The act of becoming opaque or cloudy.

opah /ˈoʊpə/ /ˈəʊpə/ opah opahs n
strojnik
Any of various large, colourful, deep-bodied pelagic fish of the family Lamprididae.

opal /ˈoʊpəl/ /ˈəʊpəl/ opals n
opal
(mineral) A mineral consisting, like quartz, of silica, but inferior to quartz in hardness and specific gravity, of the chemical formula SiO2·nH2O.

opal glass opal glasses n
szkło opalowe
A type of opaque, translucent glass.

opaque /oʊˈpeɪk/ /əʊˈpeɪk/ more opaque most opaque opaquer opaquest adj
nieprzejrzysty nieprzezroczysty
Allowing little light to pass through, not translucent or transparent.

open /ˈoʊp(ə)n/ /ˈəʊp(ə)n/ more open most open adj
otwarty
(usually, not comparable) Not closed.
(not comparable) Actively conducting or prepared to conduct business.
(comparable) Receptive.
(not comparable) Public
(mathematics, topology, of a set) Which is part of a predefined collection of subsets of X, that defines a topological space on X.
Not settled or adjusted; not decided or determined; not closed or withdrawn from consideration.

open /ˈoʊp(ə)n/ /ˈəʊp(ə)n/ v
otwierać otworzyć
(transitive) To make something accessible or allow for passage by moving from a shut position.
(transitive) To make accessible to customers or clients.
rozpocząć
(transitive) To start (a campaign).
otwierać
(intransitive) To begin conducting business.
otwierać podejmować
(computing, transitive, intransitive) To connect to a resource (a file, document, etc.) for viewing or editing.
otwierać otworzyć otwierać się
(obsolete) To disclose; to reveal; to interpret; to explain.

open bar open bars n
darmowy bar
A bar at which drinks are served without charge, usually at a social event.

open book open books n
oczywistość
(idiomatic) Something of which salient aspects are obvious or easily interpreted.
naiwniaczka naiwniak
(idiomatic) A person who through naivete responds candidly to questions or openly displays their emotions or intentions.

open day open days n
dzień otwarty
A casual event where an institution is open for visiting and inspection by anyone interested.

open fracture open fractures n
złamanie otwarte

open house open houses n
dzień otwarty
An event during which a facility or institution is open to the public for inspection or tour.

open its doors v
zostawać otwarty zostać otwarty
(of a business or organization) To begin operating.

open letter open letters n
list otwarty
A letter addressed to one person, or more, but published (as for example in a newspaper) for the public to read.

open one's legs v
rozkładać nogi rozłożyć nogi

open relationship open relationships n
związek otwarty
A romantic and/or sexual relationship in which the people involved are permitted or tolerated to be available to have additional simultaneous romantic and/or sexual relationships.

open sandwich open sandwiches n
kanapka tartinka
Any dish consisting of only one slice of bread, with any topping.

open secret open secrets n
tajemnica poliszynela
Information that is widely known, but not acknowledged openly.
(dated) Information that is not widely known, despite being freely available.

open sesame phraseologicalUnit
Sezamie, otwórz się
open up (especially referring to doors)

open set open sets n
zbiór otwarty
(topology) Informally, a set such that the target point of a movement by a small amount in any direction from any point in the set is still in the set; exemplified by a full circle without its boundary.

open the ball v
rozpoczynać rozpocząć
To begin operations; to set things in motion.

open world /ˌoʊp(ə)n ˈwɜɹld/ /ˌəʊp(ə)n ˈwɜːld/ open worlds n
otwarty świat piaskownica
(video games, also, attributive) A gameworld that the player may traverse freely, rather than being restricted to certain predefined areas and quests. [from early 21st c.]

open-air museum open-air museums n
skansen
A museum where the exhibitions are located outdoors.

open-endedly more open-endedly most open-endedly adv
bezterminowo

open-endedness n
bezterminowość

open-heart surgery open-heart surgeries n
operacja na otwartym sercu

open-mid adj
półotwarty
(phonetics, of a vowel) pronounced with the tongue in a position approximately one-third of the way between an open and a close vowel

open-plan more open-plan most open-plan adj
bez ścian
(architecture) Having large rooms with few dividing barriers such as partitions.

open-source adj
otwarty

openbill /ˈəʊpn̩.bɪl/ openbills n
kleszczak
Either of two species of bird in the genus Anastomus of the stork family Ciconiidae, with a distinctive gap between the mandibles of the closed bill.

opener /ˈoʊ.pən.ɚ/ /ˈəʉ.pən.ə/ /ˈəʉp.nə/ /ˈəʊ.pən.ə/ openers n
otwieracz
A device that opens something; specifically a tin-opener/can-opener, or a bottle opener.

opening /ˈoʊ.pə.nɪŋ/ /ˈəʉp.nɪŋ/ /ˈəʊ.pə.nɪŋ/ openings n
otwarcie
An act or instance of making or becoming open.
The first few moves in a game.

opening credits n
czołówka
The credits shown at the beginning of a film, TV program, etc.

openly /ˈoʊpənli/ more openly most openly adv
otwarcie jawnie
In an open manner; visibly.

openwork /ˈoʊpənwɝk/ /ˈəʊpənwɜː(ɹ)k/ openworks n
ażur
Any of several forms of metalwork or needlework having decorative openings.

opera /ˈɑ.pɚ.ə/ /ˈɑ.pɹə/ /ˈɒp.ə.ɹə/ /ˈɒp.ɹə/ /ˈɔp.ə.ɹə/ /ˈɔp.ɹə/ operas opere n
opera
(music) A theatrical work, combining drama, music, song and sometimes dance.
(music) The score for such a work.
A company dedicated to performing such works.

opera glasses n
lornetka teatralna
One or more pairs of small low-powered binoculars for use by members of the audience at a theatrical performance.

opera hat opera hats n
szapoklak
A kind of collapsible top hat.

opera house opera houses n
opera gmach opery

operated /ˈɑpəɹeɪtɪd/ /ˈɒpəɹeɪtɪd/ more operated most operated adj
obsługiwany operowany
(in combination) operated by the means specified e.g. a battery-operated toy

operatics n
afektacja egzaltacja

operating cost operating costs n
koszt operacyjny

operating income n
przychód operacyjny

operating room operating rooms n
sala operacyjna blok operacyjny
A room in a hospital used for performing surgical operations.

operating system /ˈɑpəˌɹeɪtɪŋ ˌsɪstəm/ /ˈɒpəˌɹeɪtɪŋ ˌsɪstəm/ operating systems n
system operacyjny
(computing, software) Software for controlling the allocation and use of various hardware resources (memory, CPU time, disk space, input and output devices) to tasks and remote terminals.

operating theatre operating theatres n
sala operacyjna
A room in a hospital used for performing surgery (originally designed for operations in front of observers).

operation /ˌɑ.pəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɒp.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ operations n
działanie funkcjonowanie
The method by which a device performs its function.
operacja
A planned undertaking.
(medicine) A surgical procedure.
(computing, logic, mathematics) A procedure for generating a value from one or more other values (the operands);(mathematics, more formally) a function which maps zero or more (but typically two) operands to a single output value.
operacja działania
(military) A military campaign (e.g. Operation Desert Storm)

operational more operational most operational adj
aktywny
Functioning and ready for use.

operator /ˈɑpəˌɹeɪtɚ/ /ˈɒpəˌɹeɪtə/ operators n
operator
One who operates.
A telecommunications facilitator whose job is to establish temporary network connections.
A member of a military special operations unit.

operetta /ɒpəˈɹɛtə/ operettas n
operetka
(music) A lighter version of opera with a frivolous story and spoken dialogue. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

ophthalmological adj
oftalmologiczny okulistyczny
Pertaining to ophthalmology.

ophthalmologist /ˌɑp.θə(l)ˈmɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/ /ˌɒf.θælˈmɒ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/ /ˌɔf.θælˈmɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/ /ˌɔf.θə(l)ˈmɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/ ophthalmologists n
okulista okulistka
A medical doctor specializing in the eye: deficiencies of vision requiring correction, and diseases. Compare optometrist.

ophthalmology /ˌɒfθælˈmɒləd͡ʒi/ /ˌɒfθə(l)ˈmɒləd͡ʒi/ /ˌɒpθælˈmɒləd͡ʒi/ /ˌɒpθə(l)ˈmɒləd͡ʒi/ ophthalmologies n
okulistyka oftalmologia
(medicine) The anatomy, functions, pathology, and treatment of the eye.

ophthalmoscope ophthalmoscopes n
oftalmoskop
(ophthalmology) An instrument for examining the interior of the eye (that is, for ophthalmoscopy).

opine /oʊˈpaɪn/ /ə(ʊ)ˈpaɪn/ v
opiniować wydawać opinię
(intransitive, transitive) To express an opinion; to state as an opinion; to suppose, consider (that).

opinion /əˈpɪnjən/ opinions n
opinia pogląd zdanie
A belief, judgment or perspective that a person has formed, either through objective or subjective reasoning, about a topic, issue, person or thing.

opinion piece opinion pieces n
felieton
(journalism) An article in which the author expresses their personal opinion on a given subject.

opinion poll opinion polls n
sondaż
A poll organized in an attempt to quantify public opinion on a subject.

opium /ˈoʊ.pi.əm/ /ˈəʊ.pi.əm/ opia opiums n
opium
(uncountable) A yellow-brown, addictive narcotic drug obtained from the dried juice of unripe pods of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, and containing alkaloids such as morphine, codeine, and papaverine.
opium opium dla mas
(by extension, countable) Anything that numbs or stupefies.

opossum /əˈpɑsəm/ /əˈpɒsəm/ /ˈpɑsəm/ opossums n
opos dydelf
Any American marsupial of the family Didelphidae. The common species of the United States is Didelphis virginiana.

opponent /əˈpəʊnənt/ opponents n
przeciwnik adwersarz adwersarka oponent oponentka przeciwniczka
One who opposes another; one who works or takes a position against someone or something; one who attempts to stop the progress of someone or something.

opportunist /ˌɒpə(ɹ)ˈtjuːnɪst/ opportunists n
oportunista oportunistka
Someone who takes advantage of any opportunity to advance their own situation, placing expediency above principle.

opportunity /-t̬i/ /-ˈt͡ʃuː-/ /ˌɑpɚˈt(j)unəti/ /ˌɒpəˈtjuːnɪtɪ/ [-ɾi] opportunities n
okazja szansa możliwość gratka pretekst sposobność
A chance for advancement, progress or profit.
okazja możliwość szansa gratka pretekst sposobność
A favorable circumstance or occasion.

opportunity cost opportunity costs n
koszt alternatywny
(economics) The cost of an opportunity forgone (and the loss of the benefits that could be received from that opportunity); the most valuable forgone alternative.

opportunity makes a thief proverb
okazja czyni złodzieja
Less common version of opportunity makes the thief: People are more likely to steal something if presented with a convenient opportunity to do so.

opposable more opposable most opposable adj
przeciwstawny
Capable of being placed opposite something else.

oppose /əˈpoʊz/ /əˈpəʊz/ [ʔəpʰoʊːz̥] v
oponować przeciwstawiać przeciwstawić sprzeciwiać sprzeciwić zaoponować
To attempt to stop the progression of; to resist or antagonize by physical means, or by arguments, etc.; to contend against.

opposed /əˈpoʊzd/ /əˈpəʊzd/ adj
przeciwny
Acting in opposition; opposing.

opposite /ˈɑp(ə)sɪt/ /ˈɑpəzɪt/ /ˈɒpəsɪt/ /ˈɒpəzɪt/ adj
przeciwległy
Located directly across from something else, or from each other.
przeciwny
Facing in the other direction.
Of either of two complementary or mutually exclusive things.

opposite /ˈɑp(ə)sɪt/ /ˈɑpəzɪt/ /ˈɒpəsɪt/ /ˈɒpəzɪt/ adv
naprzeciwko
In an opposite position.

opposite /ˈɑp(ə)sɪt/ /ˈɑpəzɪt/ /ˈɒpəsɪt/ /ˈɒpəzɪt/ opposites n
przeciwieństwo sprzeczność
Something opposite or contrary to something else.
przeciwniczka przeciwnik
An opponent.
przeciwieństwo
An antonym.

opposite /ˈɑp(ə)sɪt/ /ˈɑpəzɪt/ /ˈɒpəsɪt/ /ˈɒpəzɪt/ preposition
naprzeciw naprzeciwko vis-à-vis
Facing, or across from.

opposite sex n
płeć przeciwna
(attributively) Heterosexual, or otherwise relating to a relationship between a woman and a man.

opposites attract proverb
przeciwieństwa się przyciągają
People who are completely different make ideal partners.

opposition /ˌɑ.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/ /ˌɒp.əˈzɪʃ.ən/ oppositions n
opozycja
The action of opposing or of being in conflict.
(astronomy) The apparent relative position of two celestial bodies when one is at an angle of 180 degrees from the other as seen from the Earth.
(politics) A political party or movement opposed to the party or government in power.
(chess) A position in which the player on the move must yield with his king allowing his opponent to advance with his own king.
(logic) The difference of quantity or quality between two propositions having the same subject and predicate.

oppositionist oppositionists n
opozycjonista opozycjonistka
A person who opposes; especially a member of an official opposition

oppressed /əˈpɹɛst/ more oppressed most oppressed adj
uciskany
Subject to oppression.

oppression /əˈpɹɛʃən/ oppressions n
opresja ucisk
The act of oppressing, or the state of being oppressed.

oppressor oppressors n
gnębiciel ciemięzca
Someone who oppresses another or others.

oprichnina n
opricznina oprycznina
(historical) The period of Russian history between 1565 and 1572 during which Tsar Ivan the Terrible instituted a domestic policy of secret police, mass repressions, public executions, and confiscation of land from Russian aristocrats.

optative /ɒpˈteɪtɪv/ /ˈɒptətɪv/ adj
życzeniowy
Expressing a wish or a choice.
życzący
(grammar) Related or pertaining to the optative mood.

optative /ɒpˈteɪtɪv/ /ˈɒptətɪv/ optatives n
tryb życzący
(grammar) A verb or expression in the optative mood.

optical fibre optical fibres n
światłowód
(British spelling) A thin, transparent, flexible fibre, made of glass or plastic, used for transmitting light.

optical illusion optical illusions n
złudzenie optyczne
An image that is visually deceptive or misleading.

optician opticians n
optyk
A person who makes or dispenses lenses, spectacles.

optics /ˈɑptɪks/ /ˈɒptɪks/ n
optyka
(physics) The physics of light and vision.

optimal /ˈɑptɪməl/ /ˈɒptɪməl/ adj
optymalny
The best, most favourable or desirable, especially under some restriction.

optimism /ˈɑptɪmɪzəm/ /ˈɒptɪmɪzəm/ optimisms n
optymizm
a tendency to expect the best, or at least, a favourable outcome

optimist /ˈɑptɪmɪst/ /ˈɒptɪmɪst/ optimists n
optymista optymistka
a person who expects a favourable outcome

optimistic /ˌɑptɪˈmɪstɪk/ /ˌɒptɪˈmɪstɪk/ more optimistic most optimistic adj
optymistyczny
Expecting the best in all possible ways.
(computing) Allowing other processes to perform transactions on the same data at the same time, and checking for conflicts only when changes need to be written back.

optimistically more optimistically most optimistically adv
optymistycznie
In an optimistic manner.

optimization optimizations n
optymalizacja
The design and operation of a system or process to make it as good as possible in some defined sense.

optimize /ˈɑptɪmaɪz/ /ˈɒptɪmaɪz/ v
optymalizować
(transitive) To make (something) optimal.
optymizować
(transitive) To make (something) more efficient, such as a computer program.

optimum /ˈɑptɪməm/ /ˈɒptɪməm/ adj
najkorzystniejszy optymalny
The best or most advantageous; surpassing all others.

optimum /ˈɑptɪməm/ /ˈɒptɪməm/ optima optimums n
optimum
The best or most favorable condition, or the greatest amount or degree possible under specific sets of comparable circumstances.

option /ˈɑpʃən/ /ˈɒpʃən/ options n
opcja wybór alternatywa
One of a set of choices that can be made. [from 19th c.]
opcja
(finance, legal) A contract giving the holder the right to buy or sell an asset at a set strike price; can apply to financial market transactions, or to ordinary transactions for tangible assets such as a residence or automobile. [from mid-18th c.]

optional /ˈɑp.ʃə.nəl/ /ˈɒp.ʃə.nəl/ adj
fakultatywny opcjonalny
Not compulsory; left to personal choice; elective.

optometrist /ɑpˈtɑmətɹɪst/ /ɒpˈtɒmətɹɪst/ optometrists n
optometrysta optometrystka
A person trained and skilled in examining and testing the eyes for defects, in order to prescribe corrective lenses or treatment.

opulence /ˈɒp.jʊl.əns/ opulences n
obfitość
wealth

opulent /ˈɒpjʊlənt/ more opulent most opulent adj
kwiecisty luksusowy
Luxuriant, and ostentatiously magnificent.
arcybogaty przebogaty
Rich, sumptuous and extravagant.

opulently more opulently most opulently adv
arcybogato przebogato

opus /ˈɒpəs/ /ˈəʊpəs/ opera opuses n
opus
(music) A work of music or set of works with a specified rank in an ordering of a composer's complete published works.

or /oɹ/ /ɔː(ɹ)/ adj
złoty
(tincture) Of gold or yellow tincture on a coat of arms.

or /ɑɹ/ /ɔɹ/ /ɔː(ɹ)/ /ə/ /əɹ/ /ɚ/ conjunction
albo lub czy bądź
(logic) An operator denoting the disjunction of two propositions or truth values. There are two forms, the inclusive or and the exclusive or.
Otherwise (a consequence of the condition that the previous is false).

or else phraseologicalUnit
bo bo inaczej inaczej
(idiomatic) No matter what (implies an unspecified threat).

or so phraseologicalUnit
mniej więcej z hakiem z okładem
Roughly, approximately.

or something phraseologicalUnit
czy coś takiego
(idiomatic) Or something like that. Used to indicate the possibility that the preceding word or phrase is vague or not exactly correct in its applicability.

or what phraseologicalUnit
albo co czy co czy jak

or words to that effect phraseologicalUnit
coś w tym stylu
(idiomatic) used to indicate a paraphrase or the chance of an error in the details of reported speech.

oracle /ˈɒɹəkəl/ /ˈɔɹəkəl/ oracles n
wyrocznia
A person such as a priest through whom the deity is supposed to respond with prophecy or advice.

oral /ˈo(ː)ɹəl/ /ˈoɹəl/ /ˈoː.ɹəl/ /ˈɑɹ.əl/ /ˈɔɹ.əl/ /ˈɔː.ɹəl/ adj
ustny
(relational) Relating to the mouth.
(relational) Spoken rather than written.

oral candidiasis oral candidiases n
pleśniawka

oral cavity oral cavities n
jama ustna
(anatomy) The cavity of the mouth, especially the part of the mouth behind the gums and teeth that is bounded above by the hard and soft palates and below by the tongue and by the mucous membrane connecting it with the inner part of the mandible.

oral sex n
seks oralny oral
Stimulation of another person's genitals using the mouth.

oral test n
egzamin ustny odpytka odpytywanie
(This entry is a translation hub.)

orange /ˈɑɹ.ɪ̈nd͡ʒ/ /ˈɒɹ.ənd͡ʒ/ /ˈɒɹ.ɨnd͡ʒ/ /ˈɒɹ.ɨnʒ/ /ˈɒɹ.ɪ̈nd͡ʒ/ /ˈɔɹ.ənd͡ʒ/ /ˈɔɹ.ɪ̈nd͡ʒ/ /ˈɔɹnd͡ʒ/ more orange most orange oranger orangest adj
pomarańczowy pomarańcza
Having the colour of the fruit of an orange tree; yellowred; reddish-yellow.

orange /ˈɑɹ.ɪ̈nd͡ʒ/ /ˈɒɹ.ənd͡ʒ/ /ˈɒɹ.ɨnd͡ʒ/ /ˈɒɹ.ɨnʒ/ /ˈɒɹ.ɪ̈nd͡ʒ/ /ˈɔɹ.ənd͡ʒ/ /ˈɔɹ.ɪ̈nd͡ʒ/ /ˈɔɹnd͡ʒ/ oranges n
pomarańcza drzewo pomarańczowe
(countable) An evergreen tree of the genus Citrus such as Citrus sinensis which yields oranges (the fruit).
pomarańcza
(countable) Any round citrus fruit with a yellow-red colour when ripe and a sour-sweet taste; the fruit of the orange tree.
pomarańczowy pomarańcz pomarańcza
(uncountable) An orange-coloured and orange-flavoured cordial.
(uncountable) An orange-coloured and orange-flavoured soft drink.

orange blossom orange blossoms n
kwiat pomarańczy
The fragrant white flower of the orange tree, Citrus sinensis.

orange juice orange juices n
sok pomarańczowy
The juice of squeezed oranges; used as a beverage or in cocktails.

orange peel orange peels n
skórka pomarańczowa
(literally) The skin of an orange, including the pith.
An uneven surface resembling orange peel, especially cellulite or an imperfect finish on a spray-painted object such as a car.

orange tree orange trees n
pomarańcza drzewo pomarańczowe

orange-spotted bulbul orange-spotted bulbuls n
bilbil złotobrewy
Pycnonotus bimaculatus, a species of perching bird.

orangeade /ˈɒ.ɹɪn.ˌdʒeɪd/ orangeades n
oranżada
A soft drink or a soda with an orange flavor.
A mixture of soda water and orange juice.

orangery /ˈɒrɪndʒərɪ/ orangeries n
oranżeria pomarańczarnia
A greenhouse in which orange trees are grown.
oranżeria
A garden or plantation where orange trees are grown.

orangutan /oʊˈɹæŋ-/ /ɔəˌɹæŋuːˈtæn/ /ɔˈɹæŋ.ʊˌtæn/ /ɔːˌɹæŋ.uːˈtæn/ /əˈɹæŋ.əˌtæn/ /əˈɹæŋ.əˌtæŋ/ /əˈɹæŋˌə.tæŋ/ /əˈɹæŋˌə.tɛːŋ/ /ˌɔə.ɹæŋˈuː.tæn/ /ˌɔː.ɹæŋˈuː.tæn/ orangutans n
orangutan
Any of three species of arboreal anthropoid ape, characterised by their shaggy reddish-brown coat and long arms, which comprise the genus Pongo; Pongo pygmaeus of Borneo, Pongo abelii of Sumatra or Pongo tapanuliensis of South Tapanuli (in Sumatra).

orans orantes n
adorant
(arts, Christianity) A figure in an attitude of prayer, usually standing, with the elbows close to the sides of the body and with the hands outstretched sideways, palms up.
(Christianity) The posture or bodily attitude of such a figure.

oration /ɔɹˈeɪʃən/ orations n
oracja
A formal, often ceremonial speech.
(Catholicism) A specific form of short, solemn prayer said by the president of the liturgical celebration on behalf of the people.

orator /ˈɑɹ.ə.tɚ/ /ˈɒ.ɹə.tə(ɹ)/ orators n
mówczyni oratorka mówca orator
Someone who orates or delivers an oration.

oratorio oratorios n
oratorium
(music) A musical composition, often based on a religious theme; similar to opera but with no costume, scenery or acting.

orbit /ˈɔɹ.bɪt/ /ˈɔː.bɪt/ orbits n
orbita
(pinball) A path for the ball on the outer edge of the playfield, usually connected so that the ball entering in one end will come out of the other.

orbit /ˈɔɹ.bɪt/ /ˈɔː.bɪt/ v
krążyć orbitować
(astronomy) To circle or revolve around another object or position.

orbital /ɔɹ.bət.l̩/ /ɔː.bɪt.l̩/ /ɔː.bɪt.əl/ adj
oczodołowy orbitalny
Of or relating to, or forming an orbit (such as the orbit of a moon, planet, or spacecraft).
(anatomy) Of or relating to the eye socket (eyehole).

orbital /ɔɹ.bət.l̩/ /ɔː.bɪt.l̩/ /ɔː.bɪt.əl/ orbitals n
orbital
(physics) A specification of the energy and probability density of one or more electrons at any point in an atom or molecule, and can be represented as a wave function.

orc /ɔɹk/ /ɔːk/ orcs n
ork
(fantasy, mythology) A mythical evil monstrous humanoid creature, usually quite aggressive and often green. [from 17th c.]

orca /ˈoɹkə/ /ˈɔːkə/ orca orcas n
orka miecznik

orchard /ˈɔɹ.t͡ʃɚd/ /ˈɔː.tʃəd/ orchards n
sad
A garden or an area of land for the cultivation of fruit or nut trees.

orchardist orchardists n
sadownik
One who owns or operates an orchard.

orchestra /ˈɔɹkəstɹə/ /ˈɔːkəstɹə/ orchestrae orchestras n
orkiestra
(music) A large group of musicians who play together on various instruments, usually including some from strings, woodwind, brass and/or percussion; the instruments played by such a group.
The area in a theatre or concert hall where the musicians sit, immediately in front of and below the stage, sometimes (also) used by other performers.
orchestra orkiestra
A semicircular space in front of the stage used by the chorus in Ancient Greek and Hellenistic theatres.

orchestra pit orchestra pits n
kanał dla orkiestry orkiestron
(performing arts) A sunken area in front of a stage in which musicians, largely hidden from view, play music to accompany stage performances.

orchestral /ˌɔɹˈkɛstɹəl/ adj
orkiestrowy orkiestralny
Relating to an orchestra or to music played by an orchestra.

orchestrate /ˈɔɹ.kəstˌɹeɪt/ /ˈɔː(ɹ).kə.stɹeɪt/ v
organizować zorganizować
To arrange or direct diverse elements to achieve a desired effect

orchestrion orchestrions n
orkiestrion

orchid /ˈɔɹ.kɪd/ /ˈɔː.kɪd/ orchids n
orchidea storczyk
A plant of the orchid family (Orchidaceae), bearing unusually-shaped flowers of beautiful colours. [mid-19th c.]

orchitis orchitides orchitises n
zapalenie jąder
(pathology) A painful inflammation of one or both testes.

orda ordas n
horda
(historical) A political and military organizational structure used by Turkic and Mongol peoples, sometimes referred to as a horde.

order /ˈɔɹdɚ/ /ˈɔːdə(r)/ /ˈɔːdə/ [ˈɔɹɾɚ] orders n
porządek ład
(countable) Arrangement, disposition, or sequence.
porządek kolejność
(countable) A position in an arrangement, disposition, or sequence.
rozkaz kolejność
(countable) A command.
zamówienie
(countable) A request for some product or service; a commission to purchase, sell, or supply goods.
zakon rząd
(countable) A group of religious adherents, especially monks or nuns, set apart within their religion by adherence to a particular rule or set of principles.
(chemistry) The overall power of the rate law of a chemical reaction, expressed as a polynomial function of concentrations of reactants and products.
order zakon
(countable) A decoration, awarded by a government, a dynastic house, or a religious body to an individual, usually for distinguished service to a nation or to humanity.
rząd porządek
(countable, biology, taxonomy) A category in the classification of organisms, ranking below class and above family; a taxon at that rank.
liczba atomowa
A number of things or persons arranged in a fixed or suitable place, or relative position; a rank; a row; a grade; especially, a rank or class in society; a distinct character, kind, or sort.

order /ˈɔɹdɚ/ /ˈɔːdə(r)/ /ˈɔːdə/ [ˈɔɹɾɚ] v
kazać rozkazać rozkazywać
(transitive) To issue a command to.
zamówić zamawiać
(transitive) To request some product or service; to secure by placing an order.
porządkować organizować uporządkować ustawiać ustawić zorganizować
To admit to holy orders; to ordain; to receive into the ranks of the ministry.

order of battle orders of battle n
porządek bitewny

order of magnitude orders of magnitude n
rząd wielkości
(mathematics) The class of scale or magnitude of any amount, where each class contains values of a fixed ratio (most often 10) to the class preceding it.

order of service orders of service n
porządek nabożeństw
The schedule of events for a religious service or ceremony.
A document detailing such a schedule.

order of the day orders of the day n
porządek dzienny
The business to be done by a body (such as a legislature) on a particular day; an agenda.

ordered pair ordered pairs n
para uporządkowana
(set theory) An object containing exactly two elements in a fixed order, so that, when the elements are different, exchanging them gives a different object. Notation: (a, b) or \langle a, b\rangle.

orderly /ˈɔɹdɚli/ /ˈɔːdəli/ more orderly most orderly adj
uporządkowany
Methodical or systematic.

orderly /ˈɔɹdɚli/ /ˈɔːdəli/ orderlies n
ordynans
(military) A soldier who carries out minor tasks for a superior officer.

orders are orders phraseologicalUnit
rozkaz to rozkaz

ordinal number ordinal numbers n
liczebnik porządkowy liczba porządkowa
(grammar) A word that expresses the relative position of an item in a sequence.
(arithmetic) A natural number used to denote position in a sequence.
(set theory) Such a number generalised to correspond to any cardinal number (the size of some set); formally, the order type of some well-ordered set of some cardinality a, which represents an equivalence class of well-ordered sets (exactly those of cardinality a) under the equivalence relation "existence of an order-preserving bijection".

ordinal numeral /ˈɔː(ɹ).dɪ.nəl ˈnjuːməɹəl/ /ˈɔːɹd.nəl ˈnumɜɹəl/ ordinal numerals n
liczebnik porządkowy
(grammar) A word used to represent an ordinal number.

ordinance /ˈoɹdnəns/ /ˈoɹdɪnəns/ /ˈɔːdnəns/ /ˈɔːdɪnəns/ ordinances n
ordynacja rozporządzenie zarządzenie
(US) A local law, passed by e.g. a city.
ordynacja
An edict or decree, authoritative order.
A religious practice or ritual prescribed by a church.

ordinariness ordinarinesses n
mundaneness
The quality or condition of being ordinary.

ordinary /ˈɔɹdɪnɛ(ə)ɹi/ /ˈɔɹdɪnɛɹi/ /ˈɔːdənɹi/ /ˈɔːdɪnəɹi/ more ordinary most ordinary adj
zwykły
Being part of the natural order of things; normal, customary, routine.

ordinary differential equation ordinary differential equations n
równanie różniczkowe zwyczajne
(calculus) An equation involving the derivatives of a function of only one independent variable.

ordination ordinations n
święcenia
(Buddhism) the ceremony in which a bhikkhu or bhikkhuni is ordained into the sangha

ordnance /ˈoɹdnəns/ /ˈoɹdɪnəns/ /ˈɔːdnəns/ /ˈɔːdɪnəns/ ordnances n
uzbrojenie
Military equipment, especially weapons and ammunition.

ordoliberalism /-bəɹəl/ /-bɹəl/ /-də-/ /ˌɔɹdoʊˈlɪbəɹəlɪzəm/ /ˌɔːdəʊˈlɪbɹəlɪz(ə)m/ n
ordoliberalizm
(economics, politics) A political philosophy that emphasizes the desirability of the government establishing rules to maximize the potential of the free market to produce results.

ore /o(ː)ɹ/ /oə/ /ɔɹ/ /ɔː/ ores n
ruda
Rock or other material that contains valuable or utilitarian materials; primarily a rock containing metals or gems for which it is typically mined and processed.

oregano /ɒɹɪˈɡɑːnəʊ/ /əˈɹɛɡənoʊ/ /əˈɹɛɡənəʊ/ oreganos n
oregano lebiodka
The leaves of these plants used in flavouring food.

oreless adj
bezrudny

organ /ˈɔɹɡən/ /ˈɔːɡən/ organs n
narząd organ
The larger part of an organism, composed of tissues that perform similar functions.
organ narząd
(by extension) A body of an organization dedicated to the performing of certain functions.
An official magazine, newsletter, or similar publication of an organization.
organy
(musical instruments) A musical instrument that has multiple pipes which play when a key is pressed (the pipe organ), or an electronic instrument designed to replicate such.

organ console organ consoles n
konsola organów

organ donation organ donations n
dawstwo organów
The act of donating one's organ to another person through an organ transplant.

organ donor organ donors n
dawca narządów
A person (living or dead) from whom an organ is removed in order to be transplanted into another person.

organ gun /ˌɔɹɡ(ə)n ˈɡʌn/ /ˌɔːɡ(ə)n ˈɡʌn/ organ guns n
organki
(firearm, historical) A large, portable firearm normally supported by wheels, in which bullets may be fired from a row of several tubes in succession; it was chiefly used from the 14th to the 17th century.

organ loft organ lofts n
platforma do organów
The gallery or raised platform within a church or hall from which an organ is played, though not necessarily housing the organ itself.

organ stop organ stops n
register
Any of many knobs near the keyboard of an organ used to select different sounds or timbres.

organelle /ˌɔɹ.ɡənˈɛl/ organelles n
organellum organella organoid
(cytology) A specialized structure found inside cells that carries out a specific life process (e.g. ribosomes, vacuoles).

organic /ɔɹˈɡænɪk/ /ɔːˈɡænɪk/ more organic most organic adj
organiczny
(biology) Pertaining to or derived from living organisms. [from 1778]
(chemistry) Relating to the compounds of carbon, relating to natural products.
naturalny
(agriculture) Of food or food products, grown in an environment free from artificial agrichemicals, and possibly certified by a regulatory body. [from 1942]

organic chemistry n
chemia organiczna
(chemistry) The chemistry of organic compounds (that is, chemical compounds with carbon atoms in a covalent bond).

organic farming n
uprawa naturalna
(agriculture) An approach to farming based on biological methods that avoid the use of synthetic crop or livestock production inputs and on a broadly defined philosophy of farming that puts value on ecological harmony, resource efficiency, and non-intensive animal husbandry practices.

organism /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/ /ˈɔː.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/ organisms n
organizm
Something with many separate interdependent parts, seen as being like a living thing; an organic system. [from 18th c.]

organist organists n
organistka organista
A musician who plays the organ.

organization /ˌɔɹɡnɪˈzeɪʃən/ /ˌɔɹɡənaɪˈzeɪʃən/ /ˌɔɹɡənɪˈzeɪʃən/ /ˌɔɹˈɡænɪzeɪʃən/ /ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃən/ organizations n
organizacja
(uncountable) The quality of being organized.
(countable) A group of people or other legal entities with an explicit purpose and written rules.
(countable) A group of people consciously cooperating.

organizational /ˌɔː(ɹ)ɡənaɪˈzeɪʃənəl/ /ˌɔː(ɹ)ɡənɪˈzeɪʃənəl/ adj
organizacyjny
Of, relating to, or produced by an organization.

organizational climate organizational climates n
klimat organizacyjny

organize /ˈɔɹɡənaɪz/ /ˈɔːɡənaɪz/ v
organizować zorganizować
(transitive) To arrange in working order.

organized /ˈɔɹɡənaɪzd/ /ˈɔːɡənaɪzd/ more organized most organized adj
kumaty ogarnięty przytomny rozgarnięty zorganizowany
(of a person) Characterised by efficient organization.

organized crime n
przestępczość zorganizowana
A large criminal organization, or a group of such organizations, that deals in illegal goods and services.
The crimes perpetrated by those organizations.

organizer /ˈɔɹɡənaɪzɚ/ organizers n
organizator organizatorka
A person who arranges the details of a public event.

orgasm /ˈoɹ.ɡæ.zəm/ /ˈɔːɡaz(ə)m/ orgasms n
orgazm
A rush of sexual excitement; now specifically, the climax or peak of sexual pleasure, which occurs during sexual activity and which in males may include ejaculation and in females vaginal contractions. [from 18th c.]

orgeat orgeats n
orszada

orgiast /ˈɔː(ɹ)d͡ʒiˌæst/ orgiasts n
uczestniczka orgii uczestnik orgii
One who attends an orgy.

orgiastic /ˌɔː(ɹ)d͡ʒiˈæstɪk/ more orgiastic most orgiastic adj
orgiastyczny
Relating to an orgy; uncontrolled, wild. [from the late 16th c.]

orgy /ˈɔɹd͡ʒi/ /ˈɔː.d͡ʒi/ orgies n
orgia
A gathering of people to engage in group sex.
Excessive indulgence in a specified activity.

oriel /ˈɔːɹiəl/ oriels n
wykusz
(architecture) A large polygonal recess in a building, such as a bay window, forming a protrusion on the outer wall.

orient /ˈɒɹ.ɪˌɛnt/ /ˈɔɹ.iˌɛnt/ /ˈɔː.ɹɪˌɛnt/ v
ukierunkować
(transitive, by extension) To align or place (a person or object) so that his, her, or its east side, north side, etc., is positioned toward the corresponding points of the compass; (specifically, surveying) to rotate (a map attached to a plane table) until the line of direction between any two of its points is parallel to the corresponding direction in nature.
orientować się
(transitive, often, reflexive, figuratively) To familiarize (oneself or someone) with a circumstance or situation.

oriental dance oriental dances n
taniec orientalny
.

oriental pratincole oriental pratincoles n
zwirowiec orientalny
A wader, Glareola maldivarum.

orientalism orientalisms n
orientalizm
(arts, architecture, literature) The tendency to represent eastern subjects, to assume stylistical characteristics original of the East.

orientation /ˌɔɹiɛnˈteɪʃən/ orientations n
orientacja
(education) Events to orient new students at a school; events to help new students become familiar with a school.

oriflamme /ˈɒɹɪflæm/ oriflammes n
oriflamme

origami /ˌɒɹɪˈɡɑːmɪ/ /ˌɔɹəˈɡɑmi/ [ˌɔɹɪ̈ˈɡɑmi] origamis n
origami
(uncountable) The Japanese art of paper folding.

origamist /ɔɹɪˈɡɑmɪst/ origamists n
origamist origamistka
A person who does origami.

origin /ˈɑɹ.ɪ.d͡ʒɪn/ /ˈɒɹ.ə.d͡ʒən/ /ˈɒɹ.ɪ.d͡ʒɪn/ /ˈɔɹ.d͡ʒɪn/ /ˈɔɹ.ɪ.d͡ʒɪn/ origins n
pochodzenie początek
The beginning of something.
pochodzenie
(in the plural) Ancestry.

original /ɒˈɹɪd͡ʒɪnəl/ /əˈɹɪd͡ʒnəl/ /əˈɹɪd͡ʒənəl/ /əˈɹɪd͡ʒɪnəl/ originals n
oryginał autentyk pierwowzór prawzór wzorzec
An object or other creation (e.g. narrative work) from which all later copies and variations are derived.

original sin original sins n
grzech pierworodny
(Christianity) The state of sinfulness, present in each human from birth, which is a result of Adam's disobedience.

originality /əˌɹɪd͡ʒɪˈnælɪti/ originalities n
oryginalność
(uncountable) The quality of being original or novel.

originally /əˈɹɪd͡ʒnəli/ /əˈɹɪd͡ʒənəli/ /əˈɹɪd͡ʒɪnəli/ more originally most originally adv
pierwotnie oryginalnie
(not comparable) As it was in the beginning.
oryginalnie
In an original manner.

originator /əˈɹɪd͡ʒɪneɪtə/ /əˈɹɪd͡ʒɪneɪtɚ/ originators n
autor autorka
Someone who originates, creates or founds something.

oriole /ˈɔɹ.iˌoʊl/ /ˈɔː.ɹiːˌəʊl/ orioles n
wilga
Any of various colourful passerine birds, the New World orioles from the family Icteridae and the Old World orioles from the family Oriolidae.

ornament /ˈɔɹnəmənt/ /ˈɔɹnəˌmɛnt/ /ˈɔː(ɹ)nəmənt/ /ˈɔː(ɹ)nəˌmɛnt/ ornaments n
ornament
An element of decoration; that which embellishes or adorns.
(music) A musical flourish that is unnecessary to the overall melodic or harmonic line, but serves to decorate that line.
ozdoba
A Christmas tree decoration.

ornament /ˈɔɹnəmənt/ /ˈɔɹnəˌmɛnt/ /ˈɔː(ɹ)nəmənt/ /ˈɔː(ɹ)nəˌmɛnt/ v
dekorować ozdabiać
To decorate.

ornamental /ˌɔɹnəˈmɛntl/ /ˌɔːnəˈmɛntl/ more ornamental most ornamental adj
ozdobny
Serving as an ornament; having no purpose other than to make more beautiful.

ornithine ornithines n
ornityna
(amino acid, organic compound) An amino acid, 2,5-diaminopentanoic acid, that is not present in protein, but is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of urea.

ornitho- prefix
ornito-
of or pertaining to birds

ornithological adj
ornitologiczny
of or pertaining to ornithology

ornithologist ornithologists n
ornitolog
A person who studies or practices ornithology.

ornithology ornithologies n
ornitologia
The branch of zoology that deals with the scientific study of birds.

oro- /ɒ.ɹə(ʊ)/ /ɔɹ.oʊ/ /ɔɹ.ə/ prefix
oro-

orogenic /ɒɹə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛnɪk/ more orogenic most orogenic adj
górotwórczy orogeniczny

oromaxillary adj
[[usta|usto-]]szczękowy

orphan /ˈɔɹfən/ /ˈɔːfən/ /ˈɔːɹfənt/ orphans n
sierota sierotka
A person, especially a minor, both or (rarely) one of whose parents have died.

orphanage /ˈɔː(ɹ)fənɪd͡ʒ/ orphanages n
dom dziecka sierociniec bidul
A residential institution for the care and protection of orphans.

orphanhood orphanhoods n
sieroctwo
The state of being an orphan; the losing of both parents through their death.

orpiment /ˈɔɹpəmənt/ /ˈɔːpɪmənt/ orpiments n
aurypigment
arsenic trisulphide, occurring naturally in crystals or massive deposits, formerly used as a dye or pigment

orrery /ˈɑɹ.ə.ɹi/ /ˈɒɹ.ə.ɹi/ /ˈɔɹ.ə.ɹi/ orreries n
tellurium
A clockwork model of any given solar system.

orthochronous adj
ortoczasowy

orthoclase orthoclases n
ortoklaz
(mineral) Potassium aluminum silicate, KAlSi3O8, a common feldspar of igneous, plutonic, and metamorphic rocks. Orthoclase is the main feldspar of pegmatite occurrences, where it is most commonly flesh-colored. Orthoclase is used in the ceramic and glass industries and as a decorative gravel.

orthodontic adj
ortodontyczny
Of, or relating to the dental speciality of orthodontics.

orthodontist /ˌɔː(ɹ)θəˈdɒntɪst/ orthodontists n
ortodonta
An orthodontic dentist

orthodox /ˈɔɹθədɑks/ /ˈɔːθədɒks/ more orthodox most orthodox adj
ortodoksyjny prawowierny
Conforming to the accepted, established, or traditional doctrines of a given faith, religion, or ideology. [from 15th c.]

orthodoxy /ˈɔɹθədɑksi/ /ˈɔːɹθədɑːksi/ /ˈɔːθədɒksi/ orthodoxies n
ortodoksja
Correctness in doctrine and belief.

orthoepic /ˌɔrθoʊˈɛpɪk/ /ˌɔːθəʊˈɛpɪk/ more orthoepic most orthoepic adj
ortoepiczny
Of or relating to orthoepy in its various senses:

orthoepy /ɔɹˈθoʊ.ə.pi/ /ɔː.ˈθəʊ.ɨ.pi/ /ˈɔɹ.θoʊˌɛ.pi/ /ˈɔː.θəʊ.ɨ.pi/ /ˈɔː.θəʊˌiː.pi/ /ˈɔː.θəʊˌɛ.pi/ orthoepies n
ortoepia
the study of pronunciation. [1640]

orthogonal matrix orthogonal matrices n
macierz ortagonalna

orthogonality n
ortogonalność
(mathematics, statistics, software engineering) The property of being orthogonal.

orthographic /ˌɔːɹθəˈɡɹæfɪk/ /ˌɔːθəˈɡɹæfɪk/ adj
ortograficzny
Of, or relating to, orthography.

orthographically adv
ortograficznie
(drafting, engineering, manufacturing) Using an orthographic projection (a way of showing three-dimensional objects in two-dimensional engineering drawings).

orthography /ɔɹˈθɑɡɹəfi/ /ɔːˈθɒɡɹəfi/ orthographies n
ortografia
(countable) A method of representing a language or the sounds of language by written symbols; spelling.
(uncountable) The aspect of language study concerned with letters and their sequences in words; the study of spelling.
ortografia pisownia
(uncountable) Correct spelling according to established usage; also (obsolete) pronunciation according to the spelling of a word.

orthopedic more orthopedic most orthopedic adj
ortopedyczny
Of, or relating to orthopedics.

orthopedics /ˌɔɹθəˈpidɪks/ /ˌɔːθəˈpiːdɪks/ n
ortopedia
(medicine) The branch of medicine that deals with the prevention or correction of disorders of the bones and associated muscles and joints

orthopedist orthopedists n
ortopeda
(medicine) A surgeon who specializes in orthopedics.

orthophoto orthophotos n
ortofotografia
An aerial photograph that has been geometrically corrected (orthorectified) such that the scale of the photograph is uniform, meaning that the photo can be considered equivalent to a map.

orthorexia n
ortoreksja
(psychology) A fixation with healthy or righteous eating

orthorhombic /ɔː(ɹ)θəˈɹɒmbɪk/ adj
ortorombowy
(crystallography) Having three unequal axes at right angles.

orthostichy orthostichies n
ortostycha prostnica

ortolan /ˈɔɹ.tə.læn/ /ˈɔɹ.tə.lən/ /ˈɔː.təl.æn/ /ˈɔː.təl.ən/ ortolans n
ortolan
A small European migratory bunting (Emberiza hortulana), once eaten whole as a delicacy.

ortolan bunting ortolan buntings n
ortolan trznadel ortolan
Emberiza hortulana, a passerine bird in the bunting family Emberizidae.

oryx /ˈoʊɹ.ɪks/ /ˈɔɹ.ɪks/ oryges oryx oryxes n
oryks
Any of several antelopes, of the genus Oryx, native to Africa, which have long, straight horns

oscillate /ˈɑsɪleɪt/ v
oscylować
(intransitive) To swing back and forth, especially if with a regular rhythm.

oscilloscope /əˈsɪl.ɪ.skəʊp/ /ˈɒˌsɪl.ɪ.skəʊp/ oscilloscopes n
oscyloskop
An electronic measuring instrument that creates a visible two-dimensional graph, on a screen, of one or more continuously varying voltages or currents.

osculum oscula n
oskulum
(zoology) The main opening in a sponge from which water is expelled.

osmium /ˈɑz.mi.əm/ /ˈɒz.mi.əm/ osmiums n
osm
A chemical element (symbol Os) with atomic number 76: a hard, brittle, heavy, bluish-white transition metal found as a trace element in alloys, mostly in platinum ores.

osmoregulation osmoregulations n
osmoregulacja
The homeostatic regulation of osmotic pressure in the body in order to maintain a certain water content (concentration of electrolytes, pH, etc).

osmoregulative adj
osmoregulacyjny
Relating to osmoregulation

osmosis /ɑsˈmoʊsɪs/ /ɑzˈmoʊsɪs/ /ɒsˈməʊsɪs/ /ɒzˈməʊsɪs/ osmoses n
osmoza
(chemistry) The net movement of solvent molecules, usually water, from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration through a partially permeable membrane.
(figurative) Passive absorption or impartation of information, habits, etc.; the act of teaching or picking up knowledge incidentally, without actually seeking that particular knowledge.

osmotic /ɑsˈmɑtɪk/ /ɑzˈmɑtɪk/ /ɒsˈmɒtɪk/ /ɒzˈmɒtɪk/ adj
osmotyczny
Relating to, or powered by, osmosis.

osprey /ˈɑspɹi/ /ˈɒspɹeɪ/ ospreys n
rybołów rybołów zwyczajny
A bird of prey (Pandion haliaetus) that feeds on fish and has white underparts and long, narrow wings each ending in four finger-like extensions.

osseous /ˈɒsi.əs/ adj
kostny
Of, relating to, or made of bone; bony.

osseous tissue n
tkanka kostna
(anatomy) The major structural and supportive connective tissue of the body which forms the rigid part of the bone organs that make up the skeletal system.

ossicle /ˈɒsɪkəl/ ossicles n
kosteczka kostka
(anatomy) A small bone (or bony structure), especially one of the three of the middle ear.

ossification ossifications n
kostnienie osyfikacja
The normal process by which bone is formed.

ossuary /ˈɒsjʊəɹi/ ossuaries n
ossuarium ossarium
A container, receptacle, or building, such as an urn or vault, for holding the bones of the dead.

ostensibly /ɑːˈstɛn.sə.bli/ /ɒˈstɛn.sə.bli/ /ɒˈstɛn.sɪ.bli/ adv
pozornie
(modal) Seemingly, apparently, on the surface.

ostentation /ˌɒstənˈteɪʃən/ ostentations n
ostentacja
Ambitious display; vain show; display intended to excite admiration or applause.

ostentatious /ˌɒs.tənˈteɪ.ʃəs/ /ˌɒs.tɛnˈteɪ.ʃəs/ more ostentatious most ostentatious adj
ostentacyjny
Of ostentation.
Intended to attract notice.

osteoarthritis osteoarthritides osteoarthritises n
choroba zwyrodnieniowa stawów
(pathology) A form of arthritis, affecting mainly older people, caused by chronic degeneration of the cartilage and synovial membrane of the joints, leading to pain and stiffness.

osteogenesis osteogeneses n
osteogeneza
(physiology) The formation and development of bone.

osteogenesis imperfecta n
wrodzona łamliwość kości
(pathology) A hereditary disease characterized by brittle bones that easily fracture.

osteology osteologies n
osteologia
(anatomy) The scientific study of the morphology and pathology of bones.

osteomalacia osteomalacias n
osteomalacja
(medicine) A softening of adult bones due to inadequate mineralization; the adult equivalent of rickets

osteopath osteopaths n
osteopata
(alternative medicine) A non-physician healthcare practitioner who practices osteopathy by manipulating the skeleton and muscles. Not to be confused with Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) (also known as osteopathic physicians) who are full physicians like Doctors of Medicine (M.D.).

osteoporosis /ˌɒstiəʊpəˈɹəʊsɪs/ osteoporoses n
osteoporoza
(pathology) A disease, occurring especially in women following menopause, in which the bones become extremely porous and are subject to fracture.

osteotomy osteotomies n
osteotomia
(surgery) The surgical procedure of cutting a bone. This is often performed to either lengthen, shorten, or straighten a bone.

ostmark ostmarks n
marka
(historical) The currency unit of the former German Democratic Republic (aka GDR, DDR, East Germany) until 1990, abbreviated DDM.

ostracism /ˈɒstɹəsɪz(ə)m/ ostracisms n
ostracyzm
(historical) In ancient Athens (and some other cities), the temporary banishment by popular vote of a citizen considered dangerous to the state. [from 16th c.]
Temporary exclusion from a community or society.

ostracod ostracods n
małżoraczek
Any of many small crustaceans, of the class Ostracoda, that resemble a shrimp enclosed in a bivalve shell.

ostrich /ˈɑs.tɹɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈɑs.tɹɪt͡ʃ/ /ˈɒs.tɹɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈɒs.tɹɪt͡ʃ/ /ˈɔs.tɹɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈɔs.tɹɪt͡ʃ/ ostriches n
struś
(ornithology) A large flightless bird of the genus Struthio.

ostrich policy ostrich policies n
strusia polityka
(idiomatic) The tendency to ignore obvious problems and pretend they do not exist; ostrichism.

ostrich politics n
strusia polityka
(derogatory) A style of politics that evades rather than addresses problems; ostrichism.

ostrichism /-dʒɪ-/ /ˈɑstɹit͡ʃˌɪzəm/ /ˈɒstɹɪtʃɪz(ə)m/ n
strusia polityka
(derogatory) A policy of burying one's head in the sand, that is, ignoring the reality of a situation. [from mid 19th c.]

otaku /oʊˈtɑku/ /əʊˈtɑːkuː/ [o̞ʊ̯ˈtʰɑkʰu] [əʊ̯ˈtʰɑːkʰuː] otaku otakus n
otaku
(fandom) One with an obsessive interest in something, particularly (originally, _, pejorative) obsessive Japanese fans of anime or manga.

other /ʊðə/ /ˈɐðə/ /ˈʌðə/ /ˈʌðɚ/ [ˈäðə] [ˈɐðə] adj
inny
See other (determiner) below.
(obsolete) Left, as opposed to right.

other half other halves n
druga połówka
(idiomatic) A spouse.

other than preposition
oprócz poza
(idiomatic) Except, besides.

others /ˈʌðəz/ /ˈʌðɚz/ n
inne inni
Other people.
inne
Those remaining after one or more people or items have left, or done something else, or been excluded.

otherwise /ˈʌð.əˌwaɪz/ /ˈʌð.ɚˌwaɪz/ adv
inaczej
(manner) Differently, in another way.
w przeciwnym razie inaczej
(conjunctive) In different circumstances; or else.
poza tym
(conjunctive) In all other respects.

otherworldly /ˌʌðɚˈwɝld.li/ more otherworldly most otherworldly adj
nieziemski
Of, concerned with, or preoccupied with a different world than that of the tangible here and now, such as a heavenly, spiritual, or imaginary world.

otic /ˈoʊ.tɪk/ /ˈɒt.ɪk/ /ˈəʊ.tɪk/ adj
słuchowy uszny
(anatomy) Of, relating/pertaining to, or located near the ear.

otiose /ˈoʊ.ti.oʊs/ /ˈoʊ.ʃi.oʊs/ /ˈoʊ.ʃi.əs/ /ˈəʊ.ti.əʊs/ /ˈəʊ.ʃi.əʊs/ more otiose most otiose adj
leniwy
Reluctant to work or to exert oneself.
bezprzedmiotowy niepotrzebny zbyteczny
Having no reason for being (raison d’être); having no point, reason, or purpose.

otiosely more otiosely most otiosely adv
bezprzedmiotowo

otioseness n
bezprzedmiotowość

otolith otoliths n
otolit
(zoology) A small particle, comprised mainly of calcium carbonate, found in the inner ear of vertebrates, being part of the balance sense.

otology /oʊˈtɑləd͡ʒi/ otologies n
otologia
(medicine) The branch of medicine that deals with the ear, its structure, function and pathology.

otoscopy otoscopies n
otoskopia

ottava rima /oʊˌtɑvə ˈɹimə/ /ɒˌtɑːvə ˈɹiːmə/ ottave rime n
oktawa
(poetry) An arrangement of stanzas of eight lines in heroic verse, with three rhymes, the first six lines rhyming alternately and the last two forming a couplet (ab ab ab cc).

otter /ˈɑtɚ/ /ˈɒt.ə/ [(ʔ)ɑɾɚ] otters n
wydra
An aquatic or marine carnivorous mammal in the subfamily Lutrinae of the family Mustelidae, which also includes weasels, polecats, badgers, and others.

ouch /ˈaʊt͡ʃ/ interjection
auć au aua
An expression of one's own physical pain.

oud /uːd/ ouds n
ud
(musical instrument) A short-necked and fretless plucked stringed instrument of the lute family, of Arab and Turkish origin.

ought /ɑt/ /ɔt/ /ɔːt/ v
powinien
(auxiliary) Indicating duty or obligation.
(auxiliary) Indicating advisability or prudence.
(auxiliary) Indicating desirability.
(auxiliary) Indicating likelihood or probability.

ouguiya /uːˈɡiːjə/ ouguiyas n
ugija
The currency of Mauritania, divided into five khoums.

ounce /aʊns/ ounces n
uncja
An avoirdupois ounce, weighing 1⁄16 of an avoirdupois pound, or 28.3495 grams.

our /æʊ(ə)/ /ɐː/ /ɑɹ/ /ɑː(ɹ)/ /ˈaʊə(ɹ)/ /ˈaʊɚ/ [ɑɹ] [ɑ˞] determiner
nasz
Belonging to us.

ouroboros /uːˈrɒbəˌrɒs/ /ˌuːrəˈbɒrəs/ ouroboroi ouroboroses n
uroboros
(mythological creature) A serpent, dragon or worm that eats its own tail, a representation of the continuous cycle of life and death.

ours /ɑɹz/ /ɑːz/ /ˈaʊəz/ /ˈaʊɚz/ pronoun
nasz
That which belongs to us; the possessive case of we, used without a following noun.

oust /aʊst/ /ʌʊst/ v
wygnać wygonić
(transitive) To expel; to remove.

out /aʊt/ /æɔt/ /æʊt/ /ɘʉt/ /ʌʊt/ adv
na zewnątrz poza czymś
Away from home or one's usual place.

out /aʊt/ /æɔt/ /æʊt/ /ɘʉt/ /ʌʊt/ v
autować wyautować
(intransitive) To come or go out; to get out or away; to become public, revealed, or apparent.
(transitive) To reveal (a person or organization) as having a certain secret, such as a being a secret agent or undercover detective.

out loud adv
na głos
(idiomatic) Using the voice; not silently; aloud.

out of breath
bez tchu zdyszany
Breathing with difficulty, in particular due to physical activity.

out of character
nietypowy
(idiomatic) Inconsistent with someone's personality, disposition, or usual expected behaviour.

out of context more out of context most out of context adv
wyrwany z kontekstu
Without context that may be needed for understanding the original meaning.

out of control
(wymknąć) spod kontroli
Not under control.

out of date
nieaktualny
(idiomatic) Too old to be used; not current; invalid; outmoded.
(idiomatic) Not conforming to the current fashion or style; old-fashioned.

out of focus
nieostry
Not in focus; lacking visual sharpness; blurred or hazy.

out of line
niewłaściwy
(idiomatic) Inappropriate or unsuitable, especially by reason of being unmannerly or indelicate.

out of nowhere
znikąd
(idiomatic) In an unexpected or inexplicable manner of arrival or occurrence.

out of one's mind /aʊt əv wʌnz maɪnd/
szalony zwariowany
(idiomatic) Insane, crazy.

out of one's own pocket
z kieszeni
(figuratively) Using one's own funds.

out of order
nieczynny niesprawny
(idiomatic) Not functioning properly.

out of place /ˌaʊtə-/ /ˌaʊt‿əv ˈpleɪs/
nie na miejscu
Not in the proper arrangement or situation.

out of practice
(wyjść) z wprawy
(of a person) Diminished in proficiency, especially in exercising a skill, due to disuse or a lack of recent experience.

out of print
niedostępny
(publishing) Not available from the publisher (of a printed work, especially a book, or a music release).

out of service
nieczynny
Not available for use.

out of sight, out of mind proverb
co z oczu, to z serca czego oczy nie widzą, tego sercu nie żal
When something is not nearby, it is forgotten about.

out of the blue /aʊt ɒv ðə bluː/
jak grom z jasnego nieba ni stąd, ni zowąd
(idiomatic) unexpectedly; without warning or preparation.

out of the box /aʊt əv ðə bɑːks/ /aʊt əv ðə bɒks/ /æɔt əv ðə bɒks/ /æʊt əv ðə bɒks/ /ɘʉt əv ðə bɒks/ /ʌʊt əv ðə bɑːks/
prosto spod igły
(idiomatic, of a product) Immediately, without intervention from the customer.

out of the corner of one's eye
kątem oka
(of a look or glance) Sideways, obliquely, askance

out of the frying pan, into the fire
wpadać z deszczu pod rynnę wpaść z deszczu pod rynnę
(idiomatic) Move or get from an already bad situation to a worse one; end up in a worse situation when trying to escape from a bad or difficult one.

out of the mouths of babes proverb
dzieci są szczere
From the comments of children, who are honest and innocent, . . . (comes truth or wisdom).

out of the question more out of the question most out of the question adj
nie ma mowy
(idiomatic) Not remotely possible.

out of thin air adv
z sufitu
(idiomatic) From nowhere or nothing; from a non-existent or unknown source.

out of this world adj
nie z tego świata nieziemski
(idiomatic, informal) Of exceptionally high quality; wonderful; marvelous.

out of tune
fałszywy
Not in the correct musical pitch.

out of use
nieużywany

out of wedlock
pozamałżeński z nieprawego łoża
(idiom) Of parents not legally married.

out on a limb phraseologicalUnit
nadstawiać karku

out-of-court adj
pozasądowy
(legal) Without resorting to formal legal action.

outage /ˈaʊt.əd͡ʒ/ /ˈaʊt.ɪd͡ʒ/ outages n
awaria przestój
A temporary suspension of operation, especially of electrical power supply.

outback outbacks n
busz
(Australia) The most remote and desolate areas of Australia; the desert and areas too arid for growing crops.

outbid /aʊtˈbɪd/ v
przelicytować przelicytowywać
(transitive) To bid more than (somebody else) in an auction.

outbox /aʊtˈbɑks/ /aʊtˈbɒks/ /ˈaʊtbɑks/ /ˈaʊtbɒks/ outboxes n
skrzynka nadawcza
(computing) An electronic folder serving the same purpose, for electronic mail.

outbreak /ˈaʊtbɹeɪk/ outbreaks n
wybuch
An eruption; the sudden appearance of a rash, disease, etc.
(figurative) An outburst or sudden eruption, especially of violence and mischief.

outbuilding /ˈaʊtˌbɪl.dɪŋ/ outbuildings n
przybudówka
A building, such as a barn, shed, or garage, that is separate from, but associated with some main building

outcast /aʊtˈkæst/ /aʊtˈkɑːst/ /ˈaʊtkæst/ /ˈaʊtkɑːst/ outcasts n
parias trędowaty wyrzutek
One that has been excluded from a society or system, a pariah, a leper. [from 14th c.]

outcome /ˈaʊtkʌm/ outcomes n
rezultat wynik
(chiefly, sport) The scoreline; the result.

outcrop /ˈaʊt.kɹɑp/ outcrops n
wychodnia
The part of a rock formation that appears at the surface of the ground.

outdate v
dezaktualizować zdezaktualizować

outdated /aʊtˈdeɪtɪd/ more outdated most outdated adj
przestarzały staromodny
Out of date, old-fashioned, antiquated.

outdatedness n
nieaktualność

outdo /aʊtˈdu/ v
przewyższać prześcigać prześcignąć
(transitive) To excel; go beyond in performance; surpass.

outdoors /aʊtˈdɔː(ɹ)z/ adv
na dworze na zewnątrz
Not inside a house or under covered structure; unprotected; in the open air.

outdoors /aʊtˈdɔː(ɹ)z/ n
dwór
(often preceded by "the") The environment outside of enclosed structures.

outer /ˈaʊtə/ /ˈaʊtɚ/ [ˈaʊɾɚ] outermore outermost adj
zewnętrzny
Outside; external.

outer ear outer ears n
ucho zewnętrzne
(anatomy) The outer portion of the ear which includes the auricle and the ear canal and leads to the eardrum.

outer space /ˌaʊtə ˈspeɪs/ /ˌaʊtɚ ˈspeɪs/ [ˌaʊ̯tə ˈspɛɪ̯s] [ˌaʊ̯ɾɚ ˈspeɪ̯s] n
kosmos przestrzeń kosmiczna
Region outside explored space.

outfit /ˈaʊtfɪt/ outfits n
ubiór
A set of clothing (with accessories).
ekipa zespół
Any cohesive group of people; a unit; such as a military company.
firma kompania
(informal) A business or firm.

outgrow /ˌaʊtˈɡɹəʊ/ /ˌɑʊtˈɡɹoʊ/ v
przerastać przerosnąć wyrastać
(transitive, often, figurative) To become too big in size or too mature in age or outlook to continue to want, need, use, experience, or accept some object, practice, condition, belief, etc.

outgrowth /ˈaʊtˌɡroʊθ/ outgrowths n
wyrostek
Anything that grows out of something else.

outhouse outhouses n
sławojka latryna wychodek wygódka
(North America) An outbuilding, typically permanent, containing a toilet or seat over a cesspit.

outing /ˈaʊtɪŋ/ outings n
outing
The practice of publicly revealing that a person is homosexual or transgender without that person's consent.

outlast /ˌaʊtˈlæst/ /ˌaʊtˈlɑːst/ v
przetrwać przeżyć
(transitive) To live, last or remain longer than.

outlet /ˈaʊtlɛt/ /ˈaʊtlɪt/ outlets n
wyjście
A vent or similar passage to allow the escape of something.
ulga
Something which allows for the release of one's desires.
odpływ
A river that runs out of a lake.
outlet wyprzedaż zbyt
A shop that sells the products of a particular manufacturer or supplier.

outlier /ˈaʊtˌlaɪə(ɹ)/ /ˈʌʊtˌlaɪɚ/ outliers n
ostaniec
(geology) A part of a formation separated from the rest of the formation by erosion.

outline /ˈaʊtlaɪn/ outlines n
kontur
The outer shape of an object or figure.
A sketch or drawing in which objects are delineated in contours without shading.
konspekt
A statement summarizing the important points of a text.
abrys szkic zarys
A preliminary plan for a project.
(film) A prose telling of a story intended to be turned into a screenplay; generally longer and more detailed than a treatment.

outline /ˈaʊtlaɪn/ v
obrysować obrysowywać
(transitive) To draw an outline of.

outnumber /aʊtˈnʌmbə(ɹ)/ v
liczny przewaga liczebna
(transitive, stative) to be more in number than somebody or something.

outpatient adj
ambulatoryjny
(healthcare) Provided without requiring an overnight stay by the patient.

outport outports n
awanport przedporcie przedport
A port city or harbor which is secondary to a main port; it may be a distant one or a nearby auxiliary one.

outpost /ˈaʊtˌpoʊst/ outposts n
czata forpoczta
A military post stationed at a distance from the main body of troops.
oddalona osiedla
An outlying settlement.
pole ochronione przez pion
(chess) A square protected by a pawn that is in or near the enemy's stronghold.

output /ˈaʊtpʊt/ outputs n
produkcja urobek
(economics) Production; quantity produced, created, or completed.
wyjście
(computing) Data sent out of the computer, as to output device such as a monitor or printer, or data sent from one program on the computer to another.

output /ˈaʊtpʊt/ v
produkować
(economics) To produce, create, or complete.
wysyłać
(computing) To send data out of a computer, as to an output device such as a monitor or printer, or to send data from one program on the computer to another.

outrageous /aʊtˈɹeɪdʒəs/ more outrageous most outrageous adj
oburzający skandaliczny
Shocking; exceeding conventional behaviour; provocative. [from 18th c.]

outrageously more outrageously most outrageously adv
horrendalnie nieprzyzwoicie nieziemsko oburzająco skandalicznie szokująco

outright /aʊtˈɹaɪt/ /ˈaʊtɹaɪt/ adj
bezwarunkowy
Having no outstanding conditions.

outright /aʊtˈɹaɪt/ /ˈaʊtɹaɪt/ adv
bezwarunkowo
With no outstanding conditions.

outrightness n
bezwarunkowość

outset /ˈaʊtsɛt/ outsets n
początek
Onset; the beginning or initial stage of something. [from 1759]

outside /aʊtˈsaɪd/ /ˈaʊt.saɪd/ more outside most outside adv
na zewnątrz
To or in the outdoors or outside; to or in an area that is beyond the scope, limits, or borders of a given place.
na zewnątrz na dworze na dwór na pole
Outdoors.

outside /aʊtˈsaɪd/ /ˈaʊt.saɪd/ preposition
poza na zewnątrz
On the outside of, not inside (something, such as a building).

outside the box
nieszablonowo
(idiomatic) Beyond the bounds of convention.

outsider /ˌaʊtˈsaɪdəɹ/ outsiders n
outsider outsiderka
One who is not part of a community or organization.
outsider
A competitor or contestant who has little chance of winning; a long shot.

outskirts /ˈaʊtskɜːts/ /ˈaʊtskɝts/ n
peryferie
The area surrounding a city or town; suburb.

outsmart /aʊtˈsmɑː(ɹ)t/ v
przechytrzyć
(transitive) To beat in a competition of wits.

outsole outsoles n
zewnętrzna podeszwa

outsource /ˈaʊtˌsoɹs/ v
zlecać na zewnątrz zlecić na zewnątrz
(chiefly, US, business, management) To transfer the management and/or day-to-day execution of a business function to a third-party service provider.

outsourcing /ˈaʊtˌsɔː(ɹ).sɪŋ/ outsourcings n
outsourcing
The transfer of a business function to an external service provider.

outstanding more outstanding most outstanding adj
doskonały znakomity
Exceptionally good; distinguished from others by its superiority.
zaległy
Owed as a debt.

outstandingly more outstandingly most outstandingly adv
doskonale znakomicie
In an outstanding manner.

outstrip /ˌaʊtˈstɹɪp/ v
przewyższać
(figuratively) To exceed or surpass (someone or something).

outwardly /ˈaʊtwədli/ /ˈaʊtwɚdli/ adv
zewnętrznie
Externally or on the outside, or on the surface.

outwork /aʊtˈwɔːk/ /aʊtˈwɔːɹk/ /ˈaʊtwɔːk/ /ˈaʊtwɔːɹk/ outworks n
przedmurze przymurek
(architecture, countable) A minor, subsidiary fortification built beyond the main limits of fortification.

oval /ˈoʊvəl/ /ˈəʊvəl/ more oval most oval adj
owalny owal
Having the shape of an oval.

oval /ˈoʊvəl/ /ˈəʊvəl/ ovals n
owal
An elongated round shape resembling an egg or ellipse.

ovarian follicle ovarian follicles n
pęcherzyk jajnikowy
(anatomy) A spherical cellular aggregation found in the ovaries, each of them containing a single oocyte, or an immature ovum.

ovary /ˈoʊvəɹi/ /ˈəʊvəɹi/ ovaries n
jajnik
(anatomy) A female reproductive organ, often paired, that produces ova and in mammals secretes the hormones estrogen and progesterone.

ovation /oʊˈveɪ.ʃən/ /əʉˈvæɪ.ʃn̩/ [oʊˈveɪ.ʃn̩] [ə(ʊ)ˈveɪ.ʃn̩] ovations n
owacja
(by extension) Prolonged enthusiastic applause.

oven /ˈʌ.vn̩/ /ˈʌv.ən/ ovens n
piec piekarnik
A chamber used for baking or heating.

oven glove oven gloves n
rękawica kuchenna
A heatproof glove designed to carry hot things to or from an oven.

ovenbird ovenbirds n
lasówka złotogłowa
An American warbler, Seiurus aurocapilla, that builds such a nest of vegetation.

over /ˈoʊ.vɚ/ /ˈəʊ.və(ɹ)/ adv
przez noc
Overnight (throughout the night).

over /ˈoʊ.vɚ/ /ˈəʊ.və(ɹ)/ interjection
odbiór
(procedure word, military) A radio procedure word meaning that the station is finished with its transmission and is expecting a response.

over /ˈoʊ.vɚ/ /ˈəʊ.və(ɹ)/ preposition
nad
On top of; above; higher than; further up.
przez
Across or spanning.
(mathematics) Divided by.

over and out interjection
bez odbioru
(procedure word, idiomatic) Used in films and TV to signal the end of a conversation, especially one conducted by CB radio or the like.

over here adv
tutaj
in this place

over my dead body
po moim trupie
(idiomatic, usually, hyperbole) Under no circumstances; absolutely not.

over there adv
tam
In that place; there (at some distance).

over time
z biegiem czasu
Occuring gradually, as the time passes.

over with adj
z głowy

over-the-counter adj
dostępny bez recepty
(pharmacology, of medicine and other treatments) Legal for sale or distribution without the requirement of a prescription.

overabundance overabundances n
nadmiar

overadminister v
przeadministrować
To excessively administer, to manage or control too much.
To administer too much, to apply or dole out too much.

overage /ˈəʊvəɹɪd͡ʒ/ overages n
superata
A surplus of inventory or capacity or of cash that is greater than the amount in the record of an account.
nadmiar nadwyżka
A state of being more than one ought to be.

overall /ˈoʊvɚɑl/ /ˈoʊvɚɔl/ /ˈəʊvəɹɔːl/ /ˌoʊvɚˈɑl/ /ˌoʊvɚˈɔl/ /ˌəʊvəɹˈɔːl/ overalls n
kombinezon
(British) A garment worn over other clothing to protect it; a coverall or boiler suit. A garment, for manual labor or for casual wear, often made of a single piece of fabric, with long legs and a bib upper, supported from the shoulders with straps, and having several large pockets and loops for carrying tools.

overalls /ˈoʊvəɹɔːlz/ /ˈɐʉv(ə)ɹəlz/ n
kombinezon
(outside, North America) A loose-fitting garment worn over regular clothes to protect them.
ogrodniczki
(US, Canada, Australia) Loose-fitting pants with supporting cross-straps and a panel of material in the chest (called a bib), often associated with farm work.

overbearing more overbearing most overbearing adj
arogancki
Overly bossy, domineering, or arrogant.

overcast /ˈoʊvɚ.kæst/ /ˈəʊvəˌkɑːst/ /ˌoʊvɚˈkæst/ /ˌəʊvəˈkɑːst/ more overcast most overcast adj
pochmurny zachmurzony
Covered with clouds; overshadowed; darkened; (meteorology) more than 90% covered by clouds.

overcautious more overcautious most overcautious adj
asekurancki
Excessively cautious.

overcautiously more overcautiously most overcautiously adv
asekurancko

overcautiousness n
asekuranctwo asekurantyzm

overclean more overclean most overclean adj
zbyt czysty

overcoat /ˈoʊvɚkoʊt/ /ˈəʊvəkəʊt/ overcoats n
palto płaszcz
A heavy garment worn over other clothes, for protection from cold or weather.

overcome /ˌoʊvɚˈkʌm/ /ˌəʊvəˈkʌm/ v
przezwyciężać przemagać
(transitive) To surmount (a physical or abstract obstacle); to prevail over, to get the better of.

overcoming overcomings n
pokonanie przezwyciężanie przezwyciężenie
The act by which something is overcome, or surmounted.

overconsumption n
nadkonsumpcja

overcook /oʊ.vɚ.kʊk/ v
rozgotować rozgotowywać
(transitive) To cook for too long or at too high a temperature.

overcooked more overcooked most overcooked adj
rozgotowany
Made unpalatable or inedible by cooking for too long.

overcourtesy n
nadmierna uprzejmość

overdependent more overdependent most overdependent adj
zbyt polegający

overdiligent more overdiligent most overdiligent adj
zbyt pilny

overdiligently more overdiligently most overdiligently adv
zbyt pilnie

overdose /ˈəʊvə(ɹ)ˌdəʊs/ overdoses n
przedawkowanie
An excessive and dangerous dose of a drug.

overdose /ˌəʊvə(ɹ)ˈdəʊs/ v
przedawkować przedawkowywać
(transitive) To dose to excess; to give an overdose, or too many doses, to.

overdramatic more overdramatic most overdramatic adj
arcydramatyczny
Dramatic to excess.

overdue /ˌoʊ.vəɹˈdu/ /ˌəʊ.vəˈdju/ more overdue most overdue adj
zaległy
Late; especially, past a deadline or too late to fulfill a need.

overeat /ˌoʊvɚˈit/ v
przejadać się przejeść się
(ambitransitive) To eat too much of.

overestimate /ˌəʊvəɹˈɛstɪmeɪt/ /ˌəʊvəɹˈɛstɪmət/ v
przeceniać zawyżać zawyżyć
To judge or calculate too highly.

overexploitation n
nadużycie
Excessive and damaging exploitation.

overexpose v
prześwietlać prześwietlić
(photography) To expose (film) to light during the development process for a longer time than is required to accurately produce the image.

overexposure overexposures n
prześwietlenie
(photography) Exposure of film to light during the development process for a longer time than is required to accurately produce the image.

overfeeding overfeedings n
nadmierne karmienie

overfishing overfishings n
przełowienie
Fishing that reduces the stock of remaining fish in an area to below that which is acceptable.

overflow /ˈoʊvɚˌfloʊ/ /ˈəʊvəˌfləʊ/ /ˌoʊvɚˈfloʊ/ /ˌəʊvəˈfləʊ/ overflows n
nadmiar
The spillage resultant from overflow; excess.
odpływ przelew
Outlet for escape of excess material.
przepełnienie
(computing) The situation where a value exceeds the available numeric range.

overflow /ˈoʊvɚˌfloʊ/ /ˈəʊvəˌfləʊ/ /ˌoʊvɚˈfloʊ/ /ˌəʊvəˈfləʊ/ v
przepełniać przepełnić
(computing, ambitransitive) To (cause to) exceed the available numeric range.

overfriendliness n
amikoszoneria
The quality of being too friendly

overfund v
nadpłacać nadpłacić przepłacać przepłacić

overgeneral adj
zbyt generalny zbyt ogólny

overgenerality n
nadmierna ogołność

overgentle more overgentle most overgentle adj
zbyt delikatny

overgently more overgently most overgently adv
zbyt delikatnie

overhaul /ˈoʊvɚˌhɑl/ /ˈoʊvɚˌhɔl/ /ˈəʊvəˌhɔːl/ /ˌoʊvɚˈhɑl/ /ˌoʊvɚˈhɔl/ /ˌəʊvəˈhɔːl/ overhauls n
remont generalny
A major repair, renovation, or revision.

overhaul /ˈoʊvɚˌhɑl/ /ˈoʊvɚˌhɔl/ /ˈəʊvəˌhɔːl/ /ˌoʊvɚˈhɑl/ /ˌoʊvɚˈhɔl/ /ˌəʊvəˈhɔːl/ v
remontować
To modernize, repair, renovate, or revise completely.
wyprzedzić
To pass, overtake, or travel past.

overhead /ˈoʊvɚˌhɛd/ /ˈəʊvəˌhɛd/ /ˌoʊvɚˈhɛd/ /ˌəʊvəˈhɛd/ overheads n
narzut
(computing) Data or steps of computation used only to facilitate the computations in the system and not directly related to the actual program code or data being processed.

overhead press overhead presses n
prasa napowietrzna
(weightlifting) An exercise in which weight is lifted with the arms, which are straightened vertically over one's head.

overhead projector overhead projectors n
grafoskop epidiaskop rzutnik
A projector that projects an image over the heads of the viewers onto a screen in front of them.

overhear /oʊ.vɚˈhɪɚ/ v
podsłuchać podsłuchiwać
(ambitransitive) To hear something that was not meant for one's ears.

overheat /ˌoʊvɚˈhit/ /ˌəʊvəˈhiːt/ v
przegrzać przegrzewać
(transitive) To heat excessively.
przegrzewać
(intransitive) To become excessively hot.

overheating overheatings n
przegrzanie przegrzewanie
A situation where something is overheated.

overhuge more overhuge most overhuge adj
zbyt wielki

overhunting n
nadmierne polowanie
Hunting at unsustainable levels.

overindividualism n
nadmierny indywidualizm

overindulge v
folgować rozpuszczać rozpuścić
(ambitransitive) To indulge to excess.

overkill /ˈoʊ.vɚˌkɪl/ /ˈoʊvɚˌkɪl/ /ˈəʊ.vəˌkɪl/ /ˌoʊvɚˈkɪl/ /ˌəʊvəˈkɪl/ n
przesada
(by extension) An unnecessary excess of whatever is needed to achieve a goal.
(manufacturing) An unnecessary excess of disposal because of too high criteria of inspection.

overlap /ˈoʊvɚˌlæp/ /ˈəʊvəˌlæp/ /ˌoʊvɚˈlæp/ /ˌəʊvəˈlæp/ v
pokrywać się zachodzić na siebie
To extend over and partly cover something.

overlearn /əʊvəˈləːn/ v
przeuczyć się
To learn (something) more than is necessary; to study excessively, to take (something) too much to heart.

overload /ˈəʊvə(ɹ)ˌləʊd/ /ˌəʊvə(ɹ)ˈləʊd/ v
przeładować
(transitive, object-oriented) To create different functions for the same name, to be used in different contexts.

overlook /ˈoʊ.vɚˌlʊk/ /ˈəʊ.vəˌlʊk/ /ˌoʊ.vɚˈlʊk/ /ˌəʊ.vəˈlʊk/ overlooks n
punkt widokowy
A vista or point that gives a view down toward something else.

overlook /ˈoʊ.vɚˌlʊk/ /ˈəʊ.vəˌlʊk/ /ˌoʊ.vɚˈlʊk/ /ˌəʊ.vəˈlʊk/ v
przegapiać przegapić przeoczać przeoczyć
To fail to notice; to look over and beyond (anything) without seeing it.

overly adv
nadmiernie zbytnio
(sometimes, proscribed) To an excessive degree.

overnight /əʊvə(ɹ)ˈnaɪt/ adv
przez noc
During or throughout the night, especially during the evening or night just past.
migiem
(figurative) In a very short (but unspecified) amount of time.

overpass /əʊvə(ɹ)ˈpæs/ /əʊvə(ɹ)ˈpɑːs/ /ˈəʊvə(ɹ)pæs/ /ˈəʊvə(ɹ)pɑːs/ overpasses n
wiadukt
A section of a road or path that crosses over an obstacle, especially another road, railway, etc.

overpay /oʊ.vɚ.peɪ/ v
przepłacać przepłacić
(ambitransitive) To pay too much.

overpayment overpayments n
nadpłata
Payment exceeding the amount actually due.

overpepper v
zbytnio pieprzyć

overpopulated /ˌoʊvɚˈpɑpjə(ˌ)leɪtɪd/ more overpopulated most overpopulated adj
przeludniony
Having or consisting of a higher population than can be sustained.

overpopulation /ˈoʊvɚ-/ /ˌoʊvɚˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ /ˌəʊvəˌpɒpjʊˈleɪʃn̩/ overpopulations n
przeludnienie
(biology, demography) An excessive number of occupants (people, animals, plants, etc.) in a particular area; specifically, when the number of occupants exceeds the ability of that area to provide for them.

overproduction overproductions n
hiperprodukcja
The production of more of a commodity than can be used or sold.

overprotective /ˌoʊvɚpɹəˈtɛktɪv/ /ˌəʊvəpɹəˈtɛktɪv/ adj
nadopiekuńczy
excessively protective, wanting to give too much protection (especially to children)

overprotectively more overprotectively most overprotectively adv
nadopiekuńczo
In an overprotective way.

overprotectiveness n
nadopiekuńczość
The state or condition of being overprotective.

overqualified more overqualified most overqualified adj
za wykwalifikowany

overrated more overrated most overrated adj
przeceniany przereklamowany
Given an undue amount of credit for quality or merit in a field; not necessarily related to popularity.

overrealistic more overrealistic most overrealistic adj
zbyt realistyczny

overreliant adj
zbyt polegający

overrepresentation overrepresentations n
nadreprezentacja
(uncountable) The condition of being overrepresented

overrepresented more overrepresented most overrepresented adj
nadreprezentowany
represented to an excessive degree, or in excessive numbers

override /oʊ.vɚˈɹaɪd/ /əʊ.vəˈɹaɪd/ /ˈoʊ.vɚˌɹaɪd/ /ˈəʊ.vəˌɹaɪd/ v
nadpisać
(object-oriented) To define a new behaviour of a method by creating the same method of the superclass with the same name and signature.

overripe more overripe most overripe adj
przejrzały
Excessively ripe; spoiled; gone bad.

overripen v
przejrzewać przejrzeć
To ripen too much; to become overripe.

oversatisfy v
zbytnio satysfakcjonować zbytnio usatysfakcjonować

overseas /ˌoʊvɚˈsiːz/ /ˌəʊvəˈsiːz/ adj
zamorski
Across a sea; to or in an area across a sea.

oversee /əʊvə(ɹ)siː/ v
przeglądać przejrzeć
(literally) To survey, look at something in a wide angle.
doglądać nadzorować
(figuratively) To supervise, guide, review or direct the actions of a person or group.

overseer /ˈəʊvəˌsiːə(ɹ)/ overseers n
nadzorca
One who oversees or supervises.

oversensitive more oversensitive most oversensitive adj
nadwrażliwy przeczulony przewrażliwiony
Having excessive sensitivity; reacting to stimuli too readily; thin-skinned.

overshadow /ˌoʊ.vɚˈʃæd.oʊ/ /ˌəʊ.vəˈʃæd.əʊ/ v
ocieniać ocienić
(transitive) To obscure something by casting a shadow.
zaćmiewać zaćmić
(transitive) To dominate something and make it seem insignificant.

overshot /ˈoʊ.vɚˌʃɑt/ /ˈəʊ.vəˌʃɒt/ more overshot most overshot adj
nadsiębierny nasiębierny
powered by water that flows over the top from above (of a water wheel)

oversight /ˈoʊvɚˌsaɪt/ /ˈoːbʱə(ɾ)ˌsaɪt/ /ˈo̝vərˌsaɪt/ /ˈəʊvəˌsaɪt/ oversights n
niedopatrzenie przeoczenie
An omission; something that is left out, missed or forgotten.
nadzór
Supervision or management.

oversleep /ˈəʊvəɹˌsliːp/ v
zaspać zasypiać
(intransitive) To sleep for longer than intended. [from 14th c.]
(reflexive, now, rare) To sleep for longer than one intended. [from 15th c.]

oversleeve oversleeves n
zarękawek

overstimulated more overstimulated most overstimulated adj
przebodźcowany

oversusceptible more oversusceptible most oversusceptible adj
zbyt podatny

oversystematic more oversystematic most oversystematic adj
zbyt systematyczny

oversystematically more oversystematically most oversystematically adv
zbyt systematycznie

overt /oʊˈvɚt/ /ə(ʊ)ˈvɜːt/ /ˈoʊvɚt/ /ˈəʊvə(ː)t/ adj
jawny
Open and not concealed or secret.

overthrow /əʊvəˈθɹəʊ/ /ˈoʊvɚˌθɹoʊ/ /ˈəʊvəθɹəʊ/ /ˌoʊvɚˈθɹoʊ/ v
obalać powalać powalić
(transitive) To bring about the downfall of (a government, etc.), especially by force; to usurp.
obalić powalić
(transitive, now, rare) To throw down to the ground, to overturn.

overtime /ˈoʊ.vɚˌtaɪm/ /ˈəʊ.və.taɪm/ overtimes n
nadgodzina
(uncountable) Working time outside of one's regular hours.
dogrywka
(sports, countable, US) An extra period of play when a contest has a tie score at the end of regulation.

overtly more overtly most overtly adv
jawnie
In an overt manner; publicly; openly.

overtone /ˈoʊvɚtoʊn/ /ˈəʊ.və.təʊn/ overtones n
alikwot
(physics, music) A tone whose frequency is an integer multiple of another; a member of the harmonic series. [from 1867]
podtekst wydźwięk
(figuratively, often, in plural) An implicit message (in a film, book, verbal discussion or similar) perceived as overwhelming the explicit message. [from 1890]

overtone singing n
śpiew alikwotowy
(music) A type of singing in which the individual singer manipulates the resonances of the voice to produce notes independent of the fundamental frequency

overtourism n
overturyzm
Excessive tourism.

overtrample v
deptać

overtreat v
leczyć nadmiernie
(medicine, transitive) To subject to excessive medical treatment, often to such an extent as to cause adverse effects.

overture /ˈoʊvəɹt͡ʃəɹ/ /ˈəʊvətjʊə/ /ˈəʊvətʃ(ʊ)ə/ overtures n
uwertura
(music) A musical introduction to a piece of music, or a play. [from 17th c.]

overview /ˈoʊ.vɚˌvjuː/ /ˈəʊ.vəˌvjuː/ overviews n
przegląd
A brief summary, as of a book or a presentation.

overweaponed more overweaponed most overweaponed adj
zbyt uzbrojony

overweight /ˈoʊvɚweɪt/ /ˈəʊvəweɪt/ /ˌoʊvɚˈweɪt/ /ˌəʊvəˈweɪt/ more overweight most overweight adj
mający nadwagę z nadwagą
(of a person) Having a higher weight, especially body fat, than what is generally considered healthy for a given body type and height.
przeciążony
(transportation, legal, of a vehicle) Weighing more than what is allowed for safety or legal commerce.

overweight /ˈoʊvɚweɪt/ /ˈəʊvəweɪt/ /ˌoʊvɚˈweɪt/ /ˌəʊvəˈweɪt/ overweights n
nadwaga
(uncountable, chiefly, transport, legal) An excess of weight.

overwhelm /-ˈ wɛlm/ /ˌo.vɚ.ˈ ʍɛlm/ /ˌoʊ.vɚ.ˈ ʍɛlm/ /ˌəʊ.və.ˈ ʍɛlm/ v
zalewać
To engulf, surge over and submerge.
ogarniać ogarnąć przytłaczać przytłoczyć
To overpower emotionally.
miażdżyć
To cause to surround, to cover.

overwomanly more overwomanly most overwomanly adj
zbyt kobiecy

overwork /ˈoʊvɚˌwɝk/ /ˈəʊvəˌwɜːk/ n
przepracowanie
excessive work

overwork /ˌoʊvɚˈwɝk/ /ˌəʊvəˈwɜːk/ v
przepracowywać się
(intransitive) To work too hard.

overworked more overworked most overworked adj
przepracowany
Subjected to too much work.

overwrite /oʊ.vɚˈɹaɪt/ /əʊ.vəˈɹaɪt/ v
nadpisywać nadpisać
(transitive, computing) To destroy (older) data by recording new data over it.

overyoung more overyoung most overyoung adj
zbyt młody

oviduct /ˈɒvɪdʌkt/ oviducts n
jajowód
(anatomy) A duct through which an ovum passes from an ovary to the uterus or to the exterior.

ovine /ˈoʊˌvaɪn/ /ˈəʊvaɪn/ more ovine most ovine adj
owczy
(comparable) Of, being, pertaining to, or resembling a sheep; also, (not comparable) of an animal: from the genus Ovis.

ovine /ˈoʊˌvaɪn/ /ˈəʊvaɪn/ ovines n
owca
An animal from the genus Ovis; a sheep.
(figuratively) A person regarded as resembling a sheep in character; one who is acquiescent, easily influenced, passive, or willing to follow a leader blindly; a sheep.

oviparous /oʊˈvɪpəɹəs/ /əʊˈvɪpəɹəs/ adj
jajorodny
Egg-laying; depositing eggs that develop and hatch outside the body as a reproductive strategy.

ovoviviparous /ˌoʊvoʊvɪˈvɪpəɹəs/ /ˌəʊvəʊvɪˈvɪpəɹəs/ adj
jajożyworodny
Of or pertaining to such kind of animals such as some reptiles whose eggs hatch inside their body

ovulate /ˈɒvjʊleɪt/ /ˈɒvjʊlət/ v
jajeczkować mieć owulację
(intransitive) To produce eggs or ova.

ovulation /ɑvjəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ /ɒvjʊˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ ovulations n
owulacja jajeczkowanie
(physiology) The release of an ovum from an ovary.

ovum /ˈoʊ.vəm/ /ˈəʊ.vəm/ ova n
komórka jajowa jajo
(cytology) The female gamete in animals; the egg cell.

owe /oʊ/ /əʊ/ v
być zobowiązany zawdzięczać
(ditransitive) To be under an obligation to give something back to someone or to perform some action for someone.
być winnym mieć dług winić
(intransitive) To have debt; to be in debt.

owing to preposition
dzięki wskutek ze względu na
Because of, on account of.

owl /aʊ(ə)l/ owls n
sowa
Any of various birds of prey of the order Strigiformes that are primarily nocturnal and have forward-looking, binocular vision, limited eye movement, and good hearing. [from 8th c.]

owlery owleries n
sowiarnia
(zoology) An abode or a haunt of owls.

owlet /ˈaʊlət/ owlets n
sówka
A young owl; owling.

own /oʊn/ /uŋ/ /əʊn/ adj
własny swój
Belonging to; possessed; acquired; proper to; property of; titled to; held in one's name; under/using the name of. Often marks a possessive determiner as reflexive, referring back to the subject of the clause or sentence.

own /oʊn/ /uŋ/ /əʊn/ v
posiadać mieć
(transitive) To have rightful possession of (property, goods or capital); to have legal title to; to acquire a property or asset.

own goal /ˈoʊn.ɡoʊl/ own goals n
bramka samobójcza gol samobójczy samobój
(sports) A goal that results from a player putting the ball or puck into the goal of their own team; the resulting goal being scored for the opposition.
samobój
(figuratively) A blunder that damages one’s own prospects.

own up v
wkładać między bajki włożyć między bajki
(transitive with to) To acknowledge, confess, or admit guilt or responsibility.

owner /ˈoʊnɚ/ /ˈəʊnə/ owners n
właściciel właścicielka
One who owns something.

ownership /ˈoʊnɚʃɪp/ /ˈəʊnəʃɪp/ ownerships n
własność posiadanie
The state of having complete legal control of something; possession; proprietorship.

ox /ˈɑks/ /ˈɒks/ oxen oxes n
wół woł
An adult castrated male of cattle (B. taurus), especially when used as a beast of burden.

oxalate /ˈɒksəleɪt/ oxalates n
szczawian
(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of oxalic acid.

oxalic acid n
kwas szczawiowy
(carboxylic acid) A colourless, crystalline dicarboxylic acid, TemplateParserError:LuaError, found in rhubarb, spinach and other plants, often as crystals of the calcium salt.

oxbow lake oxbow lakes n
jezioro przyrzeczne starorzecze
A crescent-shaped lake formed near a flat-valleyed river when one of its meanders becomes pinched off and isolated.

oxer oxers n
oxer
A type of horse jump with two rails that may be set even or uneven.

oxidation /ɒksɪˈdeɪʃ(ə)n/ oxidations n
utlenianie oksydacja
The combination of a substance with oxygen.
utlenianie utlenienie
(chemistry) A reaction in which the atoms of an element lose electrons and the oxidation state of the element increases.

oxide /ˈɒksaɪd/ oxides n
tlenek
(chemistry) A binary chemical compound of oxygen with another chemical element.

oxidize /ˈɒksɪdaɪz/ v
utleniać utlenić
(chemistry, transitive) To combine with oxygen or otherwise make an oxide.
(chemistry) To increase the valence (or the positive charge) of an element by removing electrons.

oxidizing agent oxidizing agents n
utleniacz
(chemistry) Any substance that oxidizes, or receives electrons from, another; in so doing, it becomes reduced.

oxpecker oxpeckers n
bąkojad
Either of two species of passerine bird in the genus Buphagus, in the monotypic family Buphagidae, endemic to sub-Saharan African savannah.

oxtail oxtails n
ogon wołowy
A cut of meat taken from the tail of a cow or calf; it requires long, slow braising, and is used to prepare oxtail soup.

oxy- prefix
oksy-

oxygen /ˈɒksɪd͡ʒən/ oxygens n
tlen
The chemical element (symbol O) with an atomic number of 8 and relative atomic mass of 15.9994. It is a colorless and odorless gas.
Molecular oxygen (O2), a colorless, odorless gas at room temperature, also called dioxygen.

oxygen bar oxygen bars n
bar tlenowy
A nightclub or similar venue in which patrons pay to inhale doses of gas containing concentrations of oxygen higher than in air.

oxygen mask oxygen masks n
maska tlenowa
A plastic or rubber mask through which oxygen may be breathed from a storage tank.

oxygenic more oxygenic most oxygenic adj
tlenowy
of, relating to, containing or producing oxygen

oxygenless more oxygenless most oxygenless adj
beztlenowy
lacking oxygen

oxymoron /ɑksɪˈmɔɹɑn/ /ɒksɪˈmɔːɹɒn/ /ˌɑksiˈmɔɹɑn/ oxymora oxymorons n
oksymoron antylogia
(rhetoric) A figure of speech in which two words or phrases with opposing meanings are used together intentionally for effect.

oxytocin /ɑksiˈtoʊsɪn/ /ˈɑksiˌtoʊsɪn/ oxytocins n
oksytocyna
(hormone) A hormone that stimulates contractions during labor, and then the production of milk; also plays a role in social bonding.

oyster /ˈɔɪstə/ /ˈɔɪstəɹ/ /ˈɔɪst͡ʃəɹ/ oysters n
ostryga ostra
Any of certain marine bivalve mollusks, especially those of the family Ostreidae (the true oysters), usually found adhering to rocks or other fixed objects in shallow water along the seacoasts, or in brackish water in the mouth of rivers.
(colloquial, by analogy) A person who keeps secrets.
ostryga
The delicate oyster-shaped morsel of dark meat contained in a small cavity of the bone on each side of the lower part of the back of a fowl.
(color) A pale beige color tinted with grey or pink, like that of an oyster.
(figurative) Something at one's disposal.
(UK, slang) A shoplifter.
(UK, slang) Ellipsis of Oyster card.

oyster knife oyster knives n
nóż do ostryg
A knife with a short, thick blade, used to pry open oysters and separate the meat from the shell.

oyster sauce oyster sauces n
sos ostrygowy
A rich viscid sauce made from oysters and brine, used in Chinese cooking.

oystercatcher /ˈɔɪstə.ˌkæt͡ʃə/ oystercatchers n
ostrygojad
Any of several black or pied coastal wading birds in the genus Haematopus that have a long red or orange bill and feed on shellfish.

ozone /ˈoʊzoʊn/ /ˈəʊzəʊn/ n
ozon
(inorganic chemistry) An allotrope of oxygen (symbol O₃) having three atoms in the molecule instead of the usual two; it is a toxic gas, generated from oxygen by electrical discharge.
(Britain, informal) Fresh air, especially that breathed at the seaside and smelling of seaweed.

ozone hole ozone holes n
dziura ozonowa
A region of the stratosphere over Antarctica (and a smaller one over the Arctic) that is depleted of ozone in the local spring.

ozone layer ozone layers n
ozonosfera warstwa ozonowa
A region of the stratosphere, between 15 and 30 kilometres in altitude, containing a relatively high concentration of ozone, which absorbs most solar ultraviolet radiation.

ozonosphere ozonospheres n
ozonosfera
A layer in part of the stratosphere that has a larger than normal concentration of ozone; the ozone layer.

p-adic adj
p-adyczny

p-adic number p-adic numbers n
liczba [[p-adyczny|p-adyczna]]
(number theory) An element of a completion of the field of rational numbers with respect to a p-adic ultrametric.

paca /ˈpækə/ pacas n
paka
Any of the large rodents of the genus Cuniculus (but see also its synonyms), native to Central America and South America, which have dark brown or black fur, a white or yellowish underbelly and rows of white spots along the sides.

pace /peɪs/ paces n
krok
A step.
tempo
Speed or velocity in general. [from 15th c.]

pace /peɪs/ v
chodzić tam i z powrotem
To walk back and forth in a small distance.

pacemaker /ˈpeɪsˌmeɪkəɹ/ pacemakers n
rozrusznik serca rozrusznik
(hence, medicine) A medical implement that is used to stimulate a heart to beat by simulating the action of the natural pacemaker.

pacification pacifications n
pacyfikacja
The process of pacifying.

pacifier /ˈpæsɪfaɪə/ /ˈpæsɪfaɪɚ/ pacifiers n
smoczek
(North America) A rubber or plastic device imitating a nipple that goes into a baby’s mouth, used to calm and quiet the baby. [from 20th c.]

pacifism /ˈpæsɪfɪzəm/ pacifisms n
pacyfizm
The conviction that it is morally wrong to settle disputes (especially between countries) by war or other violent means. [from c. 1900]

pacifist /ˈpæsɪfɪst/ pacifists n
pacyfista pacyfistka
One who loves, supports, or favours peace.

pack /pæk/ [pʰæk] packs n
paczka pakiet
A bundle made up and prepared to be carried; especially, a bundle to be carried on the back, but also a load for an animal, a bale.
talia
A full set of playing cards
sfora zgraja stado
A group of hounds or dogs, hunting or kept together.

pack /pæk/ [pʰæk] v
pakować spakować zapakować zapakowywać
(physical) To put or bring things together in a limited or confined space, especially for storage or transport.

pack rat pack rats n
nowik
Any of several small North American rodents, of the genus Neotoma, that have bushy tails.

package /ˈpækɪd͡ʒ/ packages n
paczka pakunek
Something which is packed, a parcel, a box, an envelope.
pakiet
Something which consists of various components, such as a piece of computer software.
paczka pakiet
(software) A piece of software which has been prepared in such a way that it can be installed with a package manager.

packaging packagings n
opakowanie
The materials used to pack something.

packed like sardines /pækt laɪk sɑɹˈdinz/ /pækt laɪk sɑːˈdiːnz/ adj
jak śledzie w beczce
(simile, informal) Densely packed; tightly squeezed together; crammed.

packer /ˈpækə/ /ˈpækɚ/ packers n
pakowacz pakowaczka
A person whose business is to pack things; especially, one who packs food for preservation

packet /ˈpækət/ /ˈpækɪt/ packets n
paczka
A small pack or package; a little bundle or parcel
pakiet
(networking) A small fragment of data as transmitted on some types of network, notably Ethernet networks (Wikipedia).

packsaddle packsaddles n
siodło juczne
A saddle designed to secure and carry goods on the back of an animal.

pact /pækt/ pacts n
pakt układ
An agreement; a compact; a covenant.
(international law) An agreement between two or more nations

pad /pæd/ pads n
blok
A kind of cushion for writing upon, or for blotting, especially one formed of many flat sheets of writing paper; now especially such a block of paper sheets as used to write on.

padded envelope padded envelopes n
koperta bąbelkowa
A large thick envelope, now usually coated with foam or bubblewrap, used to protect fragile items in the mail.

paddle /ˈpæ.dəl/ /ˈpædl̩/ [ˈpʰæ.ɾɫ̩] v
wiosłować
(transitive) To propel something through water with a paddle, oar, hands, etc.

paddlefish paddlefish paddlefishes n
wiosłonos
Any of several primitive fish, of the family Polyodontidae, that have a long snout shaped like a paddle.

paddy /ˈpædi/ paddies n
ryżowym polu
(countable) A paddy field, a rice paddy; an irrigated or flooded field where rice is grown. [from 20th c.]

paddyfield warbler paddyfield warblers n
czeretówka trzcinniczek kaspijski
Acrocephalus agricola, a species of marsh warbler (family Acrocephalidae).

pademelon /ˈpædəmɛlən/ pademelons n
pademelon
Any species of the genus Thylogale of small macropods.

padlock /ˈpadˌlɒk/ padlocks n
kłódka
A detachable lock that can be used to secure something by means of a sliding or hinged shackle

paean /ˈpi.ən/ /ˈpiː.ən/ paeans n
pean
(by extension) An enthusiastic expression of praise.

paedobaptism /piːdəʊˈbaptɪz(ə)m/ paedobaptisms n
chrzest młodego dziecka
The baptism of infants or young children.

paella /paɪˈ(j)eɪ.(j)ə/ /paɪˈ(j)ɛlə/ /pɑːˈeɪ.(j)ə/ /pɑːˈɛ.(j)ə/ paellas n
paella
A savory Valencian dish made of rice, cooked in a frying pan with vegetables and meat or shellfish.

pagan /ˈpeɪɡən/ adj
pogański
Relating to, characteristic of religions that differ from main world religions.

pagan /ˈpeɪɡən/ pagans n
poganin poganka
A person not adhering to a main world religion; a follower of a pantheistic or nature-worshipping religion.

paganism /ˈpeɪɡənɪzm̩/ paganisms n
pogaństwo
Any of a class of religions often associated with nature rituals.

paganly /ˈpeɪɡənli/ more paganly most paganly adv
pogańsko
In a pagan manner.

page /peɪd͡ʒ/ pages n
strona stronica
One of the many pieces of paper bound together within a book or similar document.
(computing) A screenful of text and possibly other content; especially, the digital simulation of one side of a paper leaf.
paź
(historical) A serving boy; a youth attending a person of high degree, especially at courts, often as a position of honor and education.

page /peɪd͡ʒ/ v
kartkować
(intransitive, often with “through”) To turn several pages of a publication.

page-turner page-turners n
czytadło wciągająca książka
A written work which is sufficiently interesting or suspenseful to keep the reader "turning the pages".

pageboy pageboys n
paź
(now, frequently, historical) A boy who serves as a page. [from 19th c.]
A shoulder-length hairstyle with the ends of the hair curled under. [from 20th c.]

pager /peɪd͡ʒə(ɹ)/ pagers n
pager
(telecommunications) A wireless telecommunications device that receives text or voice messages.

paginate /ˈpæd͡ʒəneɪt/ v
paginować
(transitive) To number the pages of (a book or other document); to foliate.

pagoda /pəˈɡoʊ.də/ pagodas n
pagoda
A religious building in South and Southeast Asia, especially a multi-storey tower erected as a Hindu or Buddhist temple. [from 16th c.]

pagodite n
agalmatolit pagodyt

paid /ˈpeɪd/ adj
płatny
That is not free of charge; that costs money.

pain /peɪn/ pains n
ból
(countable, and, uncountable) An ache or bodily suffering, or an instance of this; an unpleasant sensation, resulting from a derangement of functions, disease, or injury by violence; hurt.

pain in the ass pains in the ass n
wrzód na dupie wrzód na tyłku
(vulgar) Something or someone that causes discomfort or frustration.

painful /ˈpeɪn.fəl/ more painful most painful painfuller painfullest adj
bolesny
Causing pain or distress, either physical or mental. [from 14th c.]
Afflicted or suffering with pain (of a body part or, formerly, of a person). [from 15th c.]

painfully /ˈpeɪnfəli/ more painfully most painfully adv
boleśnie
In a painful manner; as if in pain.

painkiller /ˈpeɪnˌkɪlə(ɹ)/ painkillers n
środek przeciwbólowy
(pharmaceutical drug) A drug that numbs the pain in the body.

painless more painless most painless adj
bezbolesny
Free from pain; without pain or trouble.

painlessly more painlessly most painlessly adv
bezboleśnie
In a painless manner.

painlessness n
bezbolesność

paint /peɪnt/ paints n
farbki
(in the plural) A set of containers or blocks of paint of different colors/colours, used for painting pictures.
farba
(dated) Any substance fixed with latex to harden it.

paint /peɪnt/ v
malować pomalować
(transitive) To apply paint to.
(transitive) To apply in the manner that paint is applied.
(transitive, medicine) To apply with a brush in order to treat some body part.
malować namalować
(intransitive) To practise the art of painting pictures.

paint the town red v
balangować
(idiomatic) To party or celebrate in a rowdy, wild manner, especially in a public place.

paintball /ˈpeɪntbɔːl/ paintballs n
paintball
(countable) The dye-filled capsule fired in the sport of paintball.

paintbrush /ˈpeɪntˌbɹʌʃ/ paintbrushes n
pędzel pędzelek
A thin brush for applying paint.

painter /ˈpeɪntə/ /ˈpeɪntɚ/ painters n
malarz malarka
An artist who paints pictures.
malarz pokojowy malarz
A laborer or workman who paints surfaces using a paintbrush or other means.

painting /ˈpeɪn.tɪŋ/ paintings n
obraz malowidło
(countable) An illustration or artwork done with the use of paint.
malarstwo malowanie obraz
(uncountable) The action of applying paint to a surface.

pair /peː/ /pɛ(ə)ɹ/ /pɛə(ɹ)/ pair pairs n
para
Two similar or identical things taken together; often followed by of.
para dwoje dwójka stadło
Two people in a relationship, partnership or friendship.
para dwójka
A couple of working animals attached to work together, as by a yoke.

pair /peː/ /pɛ(ə)ɹ/ /pɛə(ɹ)/ v
parować parzyć sparować
(transitive) To group into one or more sets of two.

pair of compasses pairs of compasses n
cyrkiel
A tool for drawing accurate circles or arches, usually consisting of two arms joined at one end in such a way that the arms can be opened and closed; one of the arms is pointed at its free end while the other holds a pencil, pencil lead or some other implement for making marks.

pairing function pairing functions n
funkcja pary

paisley /ˈpeɪzli/ paisleys n
paisley
A motif of a swirling droplet.

paiza paizas n
pajdza
(historical) A tablet of authority in the Mongol Empire.

pajamas /pəˈd͡ʒæ.məz/ /pəˈd͡ʒɑ.məz/ n
piżama pidżama
Clothes for wearing to bed and sleeping in, usually consisting of a loose-fitting shirt and pants/trousers.
pidżama piżama
Loose-fitting trousers worn by both sexes in various southern Asian countries including India.

palace /ˈpæləs/ /ˈpælɪs/ palaces n
pałac
A large and lavishly ornate residence.

palace coup palace coups n
przewrót pałacowy

palace intrigue palace intrigues n
pałacowa intryga

paladin /ˈpælədɪn/ paladins n
paladyn
A heroic champion, especially a knight.

palaeoclimatology n
paleoklimatologia
The scientific study of prehistoric climate of the Earth.

palaestra /pəˈliːstɹə/ /pəˈlʌɪstɹə/ palaestrae palaestras n
palestra
(historical) A public area in ancient Greece and Rome dedicated to the teaching and practice of wrestling and other sports; a wrestling school, a gymnasium. [from 15th c.]

palanquin /ˌpæləŋˈkiːn/ palanquins n
palankin
A covered type of litter for a stretched-out passenger, carried on four poles on the shoulders of four or more bearers, as formerly used (also by colonials) in eastern Asia.

palatable /ˈpæl.ə.tə.bəl/ more palatable most palatable adj
dobry smaczny
Pleasing to the taste, tasty.

palatal /pəˈleɪtl̩/ /ˈpælətl̩/ more palatal most palatal adj
podniebienny
(anatomy) Pertaining to the palate.
palatalny podniebienny twardopodniebienny
(phonetics) Articulated at the hard palate.

palatalization /ˌpælətəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ /ˌpælətəlɪˈzeɪʃən/ palatalizations n
palatalizacja zmiękczenie
(phonology, uncountable) The state or quality of being palatalized, of pronouncing a sound with the tongue against the palate of the mouth that normally is not.
(phonology, countable) An instance of pronunciation in which a sound is palatalized.

palatalize /ˈpælətəlaɪz/ v
palatalizować
(phonetics, transitive) To pronounce a sound with the tongue against the palate of the mouth when that sound normally would not be so pronounced.

palate /ˈpæl.ət/ palates n
podniebienie
(anatomy) The roof of the mouth, separating the cavities of the mouth and nose in vertebrates. [from 14th c.]

pale /peɪl/ [pʰeəɫ] [pʰeɪ̯ɫ] paler palest adj
blady biały
Light in color.
(of human skin) Having a pallor (a light color, especially due to sickness, shock, fright etc.).
blady
Feeble, faint.

pale /peɪl/ [pʰeəɫ] [pʰeɪ̯ɫ] pales n
pal sztacheta
A wooden stake; a picket.
słup
(heraldiccharge) A vertical band down the middle of a shield.

pale /peɪl/ [pʰeəɫ] [pʰeɪ̯ɫ] v
blednąć zblednąć blaknąć wyblaknąć zblaknąć
(intransitive) To turn pale; to lose colour.
(transitive) To make pale; to diminish the brightness of.
blednąć zblednąć
(intransitive) To become insignificant.

pale fox pale foxes n
lis blady
Vulpes pallida, a fox endemic to the Sahel region of Africa.

palearctic adj
palearktyczny
Relating to the Palearctic.

palefaced adj
bladolicy

paleness palenesses n
bladość
The condition or degree of being pale or of lacking color.

paleochristian more paleochristian most paleochristian adj
paleochrześcijański wczesnochrześcijański
Describing the early Christian church, its people, architecture and culture, etc.

paleography /ˌpalɪˈɒɡɹəfi/ /ˌpeɪliˈɑɡɹəfi/ /ˌpeɪlɪˈɒɡɹəfi/ paleographies n
paleografia
The study of old or ancient forms of writing.

paleontological adj
paleontologiczny
Of or pertaining to paleontology.

paleontologist paleontologists n
paleontolog
One who studies paleontology.

paleontology n
paleontologia
(American spelling) Study of the forms of life existing in prehistoric or geologic times, especially as represented by fossils.

paletot /ˈpalɪtəʊ/ /ˈpæləˌtoʊ/ /ˈpælˌtoʊ/ paletots n
palto
(historical) A loose outer jacket, cloak, coat, overcoat, greatcoat, three-quarter coat.

palette /pəˈlɛt/ /ˈpælət/ /ˈpælɪt/ palettes n
paleta
(painting) A thin board on which a painter lays and mixes colours.
The range of colors in a given work or item or body of work.

palilalia /ˌpælɪˈleɪliə/ palilalias n
palilalia
(clinical psychology) A complex tic comprising the repetition or echoing of one's own spoken words, which may sound like stuttering.

palilogy /pəˈlɪləd͡ʒi/ palilogies n
anastrofa

palimpsest /ˈpælɪmpsɛst/ palimpsests n
palimpsest
A manuscript or document that has been erased or scraped clean, for reuse of the paper, parchment, vellum, or other medium on which it was written.

palindrome /ˈpælɪndɹoʊm/ /ˈpælɪndɹəʊm/ palindromes n
palindrom
A word, phrase, number or any other sequence of units which has the property of reading the same forwards as it does backwards, character for character, sometimes disregarding punctuation, capitalization and diacritics.

palisade /ˌpælɪˈseɪd/ palisades n
palisada częstokół ostrokół
(military) A wall of wooden stakes, used as a defensive barrier.

palish more palish most palish adj
bladawy
somewhat pale

palishly adv
bladawo

pall /pɑl/ /pɔl/ /pɔːl/ palls n
kir
A heavy cloth laid over a coffin or tomb; a shroud laid over a corpse.
rosocha
(heraldic charge) A charge representing an archbishop's pallium, having the form of the letter Y, sometimes charged with crosses.

palladium /pəˈleɪdiəm/ palladiums n
pallad
A chemical element (symbol Pd) with an atomic number of 46: a rare, lustrous silvery-white metal.

pallet /ˈpælət/ /ˈpælɪt/ pallets n
paleta
A portable platform, usually designed to be easily moved by a forklift, on which goods can be stacked, for transport or storage.
siennik barłóg legowisko leże wyro
A straw bed.
barłóg legowisko leże siennik wyro
(by extension) A makeshift bed.

pallet jack pallet jacks n
paleciak wózek ręczny paletowy unoszący
A manually operated device used to lift and move pallets chiefly within a warehouse; the most basic form of a forklift.

palliative /ˈpalɪətɪv/ /ˈpæli.eɪtɪv/ /ˈpæli.ətɪv/ more palliative most palliative adj
paliatywny
(medicine) Minimising the progression of a disease and relieving undesirable symptoms for as long as possible, rather than attempting to cure the (usually incurable) disease.

pallid /ˈpælɪd/ pallider pallidest adj
blady
Appearing weak, pale, or wan.

pallid harrier pallid harriers n
błotniak stepowy
Circus macrourus, a migratory bird of prey of the harrier family.

pallor /ˈpælə/ /ˈpælɚ/ pallors n
bladość
Unnatural paleness, especially as a sign of sickness or distress.

palm /pæm/ /pɑlm/ /pɑm/ /pɑːm/ /pɔlm/ /pɔm/ /ˈpam/ /ˈpæm/ [pɑːm] [pɒːm] palms n
dłoń
The inner and somewhat concave part of the human hand that extends from the wrist to the bases of the fingers.

palm fat palm fats n
tłuszcz palmowy
A solid form of the vegetable oil obtained from the fruit of oil palms.

palm oil palm oils n
olej palmowy
An edible plant oil derived from the mesocarp (reddish pulp) of the fruit of the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis).

palm syrup palm syrups n
miód palmowy
Syrup made from sap of a palm tree.

palm tree palm trees n
palma
A tree of the family Arecaceae usually characterised by having a single stem or trunk, directly from which sprout several leaves or fronds giving a shape like an outstretched hand.

palpable /ˈpalpəbəl/ /ˈpælpəbəl/ more palpable most palpable adj
namacalny
(figurative) Obvious or easily perceived; noticeable.

palpitation palpitations n
palpitacja
An abnormal beating of the heart that may be perceived by the patient, a result of excitement, exertion, or illness.

palsy /ˈpɔːlzi/ palsies n
paraliż porażenie bezwład
(pathology) Complete or partial muscle paralysis of a body part, often accompanied by a loss of feeling and uncontrolled body movements such as shaking.

paltrily more paltrily most paltrily adv
błaho

paltriness paltrinesses n
błahość

paltry /ˈpɑltɹi/ /ˈpɒltɹi/ /ˈpɔltɹi/ /ˈpɔːltɹi/ paltrier paltriest adj
kiepski
Trashy, trivial, of little value.
marny
Of little monetary worth.

pan /pæn/ pans pen n
patelnia
A wide, flat receptacle used around the house, especially for cooking.
Short for salt pan: a flat artificial pond used for collecting minerals from evaporated water.
bochen
A loaf of bread.

pan-Arabism /panˈaɹəbɪz(ə)m/ n
panarabizm
The belief in unification of the peoples and countries of the Arab World.

panacea /ˌpæn.əˈsiː.ə/ panaceae panaceas panaceæ n
panaceum
A remedy believed to cure all disease and prolong life that was originally sought by alchemists; a cure-all.
A solution to all problems.

panache /pəˈnæʃ/ /pəˈnɑːʃ/ panaches n
pióropusz
(countable) An ornamental plume on a helmet.
polot rozmach
(uncountable, figurative) Flamboyance, energetic style or action.

panarchism n
panarchizm
(politics) Advocacy of panarchy.

pancake /ˈpæn.keɪk/ /ˈpæŋ.keɪk/ pancakes n
naleśnik
A thin batter cake fried in a pan or on a griddle in oil or butter; in particular:

pancreas /ˈpæn-/ /ˈpæŋ.kɹi.əs/ /ˈpæŋkɹɪəs/ pancreases pancreata n
trzustka
(anatomy) A gland near the stomach which secretes a fluid into the duodenum to help with food digestion. The fluid contains protease, carbohydrase and lipase, which breaks down larger molecules into smaller pieces. The pancreas also produces the hormones insulin and glucagon which regulate blood sugar. These hormones are released into the cardiovascular system.

pancreatitis pancreatitides pancreatitises n
zapalenie trzustki
Inflammation of the pancreas.

panda /ˈpændə/ pandas n
panda
(colloquial, also, attributively) Short for giant panda (“Ailuropoda melanoleuca”). [from 19th c.]

pandeiro /pænˈdɛəɹəʊ/ pandeiros n
pandeiro
A type of hand-held frame drum with a round wooden frame and six pairs of metal discs fit along the sides, and an animal skin or nylon head; similar to a tambourine but with head tension that can be tuned and crisper, drier, and less sustained jingles, used in a number of Brazilian music forms.

pandeism /-deɪ-/ /pænˈdiɪzəm/ /pænˈdiːɪz(ə)m/ pandeisms n
pandeizm
(religion) A belief in a god who is both pantheistic and deistic, in particular a god who designed the universe and then became it and ceased to exist separately and act consciously with respect to it.

pandeist /pænˈdiːɪst/ pandeists n
pandeista pandeistka
(religion) One who believes in pandeism, a blend of pantheism and deism.

pandemic /pænˈdɛmɪk/ more pandemic most pandemic adj
pandemiczny
(epidemiology) Of a disease: epidemic over a wide geographical area and affecting a large proportion of the population; also, of or pertaining to a disease of this nature.

pandemic /pænˈdɛmɪk/ pandemics n
pandemia
(epidemiology) A pandemic disease; a disease that affects a wide geographical area and a large proportion of the population.

pandemonium /ˌpændəˈmoʊni.əm/ /ˌpændɪˈməʊnɪəm/ pandemonia pandemoniums n
pandemonium
A loud, wild, tumultuous protest, disorder, or chaotic situation, usually of a crowd, often violent.

pander /ˈpændə/ /ˈpændɚ/ v
przymilać się przymilić się
(intransitive) To tempt with, to appeal or cater to (improper motivations, etc.); to assist in gratification.

panel /ˈpænəl/ panels n
panel
A group of people gathered to judge, interview, discuss etc. as on a television or radio broadcast for example.

panelling /ˈpænəlɪŋ/ panellings n
wykładzina
(British spelling) The panels with which a surface (especially an indoor wall) is covered, considered collectively.

panendoscopy panendoscopies n
panendoskopia
endoscopy of the pharynx, larynx, upper trachea and oesophagus

panentheism /pænˈɛnθiɪzəm/ n
panenteizm
(philosophy, religion) A doctrine that the universe subsists within God, but that God nevertheless transcends or has some existence separate from the universe.

panforte panfortes panforti n
panforte piernik seneński
A dense flat cake made with honey, hazelnuts, almonds, candied fruit, cocoa and spices; a speciality of Siena.

pang of conscience pangs of conscience n
wyrzuty sumienia
(often, in the plural) A feeling of shame, guilt, or embarrassment, resulting from behavior which one regrets.

pangolin /pæŋˈɡoʊlɪn/ /ˈpæŋɡəlɪn/ pangolins n
łuskowiec
The scaly anteater; any of several long-tailed, scale-covered mammals of the order Pholidota of tropical Africa and Asia, the sole extant genus of which is Manis.

pangram /ˈpæn.ɡɹæm/ /ˈpæŋ.ɡɹæm/ pangrams n
pangram
A sentence that contains every letter of the alphabet.

panhandle /ˈpænˌhæn.dəl/ panhandles n
cypel worek
(cartography, US) On a map, any arm or projection suggestive of the handle of a pan; an especially elongate salient.

panhuman adj
wszechludzki
Applying to all human beings.

panic /ˈpænɪk/ panics n
panika
(uncountable) Overwhelming fear or fright, often affecting groups of people or animals; (countable) an instance of this; a fright, a scare.

panic /ˈpænɪk/ v
panikować
To cause (someone) to feel panic; also, to frighten (someone) into acting hastily.

panic attack panic attacks n
atak paniki
A sudden period of intense anxiety, mounting physiological arousal, fear, stomach problems and discomfort that are associated with a variety of somatic and cognitive symptoms.

panicgrass panicgrasses n
proso
Any of several of the species of grass in the genus Panicum.

panicky /ˈpænɪki/ more panicky most panicky adj
w panice
In a state of panic.

panicle panicles n
wiecha
(botany) A compound raceme.

panleukopenia panleukopenias n
nosówka kotów panleukopenia kotów
A distemper of cats caused by a strain of Parvovirus.

panna cotta /ˌpanə ˈkɒtə/ panna cottas n
panna cotta
A northern Italian dessert consisting of flavoured double cream set with gelatine, often served with fruit sauce or caramel syrup.

pannier /ˈpæn.i.ɚ/ /ˈpæn.jɚ/ /ˈpæn.ɪ.ə/ panniers n
sakwa
A large basket or bag fastened, usually in pairs, to the back of a bicycle or pack animal, or carried in pairs over the shoulders.
rogówka
(historical, fashion) One of a pair of hoops used to expand the volume of a woman's skirt to either side.

panoply /ˈpænəpli/ panoplies n
zbroja
(historical) A complete set of armour. [from 1570s]

panopticon panopticons n
panoptikon
A type of prison where all the cells are visible from the center, particularly if it is not possible for those in a cell to know if they are being watched.
panoptikum
A room for the exhibition of novelties.

panorama /ˌpæn.əˈɹaː.mə/ /ˌpæn.əˈɹæm.ə/ /ˌpæn.əˈɹɑː.mə/ [ˌpɛən.əˈɹɑː.mə] [ˌpɛən.əˈɹɛəm.ə] panoramas panoramata n
panorama
An unbroken view of an entire surrounding area.
A picture or series of pictures representing a continuous scene.

panpipes n
fletnia Pana
(musical instrument) An instrument consisting of a series of ten or more tubes of different lengths, typically closed at the bottom and open at the top. The instrument is played by blowing across the open end at the top.

panpsychism /panˈsʌɪkɪz(ə)m/ /pænˈsaɪ(ˌ)kɪz(ə)m/ panpsychisms n
panpsychizm
(philosophy, metaphysics, uncountable) The doctrine that all matter has a mental aspect.

pansexual /pænˈsɛk.ʃu.əl/ pansexuals n
panseksualny
Someone who is attracted to all types of people regardless of gender.

pansexuality /ˌpæn.sɛk.sjuˈæl.ɪ.ti/ /ˌpæn.sɛk.ʃuˈæl.ɪ.ti/ pansexualities n
panseksualizm
A sexual orientation characterized by the potential for aesthetic attraction, romantic love and/or sexual desire for people regardless of their gender or sex.

pansexually adv
panseksualnie
In a pansexual manner.

pansy /ˈpæn.zi/ pansies n
bratek
A cultivated flowering plant, derived by hybridization within species Viola tricolor.
baba
(derogatory, colloquial) A timid, weak man or boy; a wuss.

pant /pænt/ v
dyszeć sapać
(ambitransitive) To breathe quickly or in a labored manner, as after exertion or from eagerness or excitement; to respire with heaving of the breast; to gasp.

pantagruelian more pantagruelian most pantagruelian adj
pantagrueliczny

pantheism /ˈpæn.θi.ɪz.əm/ pantheisms n
panteizm
(religion) The belief that the Universe is in some sense divine and should be revered. Pantheism identifies the universe with God but denies any personality or transcendence of such a God.

pantheist /ˈpænθiː.ɪst/ pantheists n
panteista panteistka
A person who believes in pantheism.

pantheistic /pænˈθiɪstɪk/ more pantheistic most pantheistic adj
panteistyczny
Of or relating to pantheism.

pantheon panthea pantheons n
panteon
A temple dedicated to all the gods.
(mythology) All the gods of a particular people or religion, particularly the ancient Greek gods residing on Olympus, considered as a group.
(by extension) A category or classification denoting the most honored persons of a group.

panther /ˈpeɪntə(ɹ)/ /ˈpæntə(ɹ)/ /ˈpænθə/ /ˈpænθɚ/ panthers n
pantera
Any of various big cats with black fur; most especially, the black-coated leopard of India.
Any big cat of the genus Panthera.

panther cap panther caps n
muchomor plamisty
The highly poisonous agaric Amanita pantherina.

panties n
figi
Underpants for women and girls.

pantograph /ˈpantəɡɹaf/ /ˈpantəɡɹɑːf/ pantographs n
pantograf
A mechanical linkage based on parallelograms causing two objects to move in parallel; notably as a drawing aid.
(rail transport) A similarly-formed conductive device, now usually Z-shaped, that collects electric current from overhead lines for trains and trams.

pantry /ˈpantɹi/ /ˈpæntɹi/ [ˈpant(ʰ)ɹ̥i] [ˈpeənt(ʰ)ɹ̥i] [ˈpænt(ʰ)ɹ̥i] pantries n
spiżarnia spiżarka
A small room, closet, or cabinet usually located in or near the kitchen, dedicated to shelf-stable food storage and/or storing kitchenware, like a larder, but smaller.

pantryman pantrymen n
spiżarny
A person in charge of the pantry, or food store, on a ship, train, or other transport where food is kept for passengers and crew. Also in a hospital, school, or hotel, etc.

pants /pænts/ n
spodnie gacie galoty pantalony portki
(chiefly, North America, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India, Philippines) An outer garment that covers the body from the waist downwards, covering each leg separately, usually as far as the ankles; trousers. [from 19th c.]
majtki gacie gatki
(chiefly, UK) An undergarment that covers the genitals and often the buttocks and the neighbouring parts of the body; underpants. [from 19th c.]

pantyhose /ˈpæntɪhəuz/ n
rajstopy

pap /pæp/ paps n
papka
(uncountable) Food in the form of a soft paste, often a porridge, especially as given to very young children.

papacy /ˈpeɪ.pə.si/ papacies n
papiestwo pontyfikat tiara tron Piotrowy
The office of the pope.

papakha papakhas n
papacha
A fur or sometimes wool hat traditionally worn by men throughout the Caucasus and Central Asia; its shape varies from hemispherical to cylindrical, which may be slightly tapered in either direction.

papal /ˈpeɪpəl/ more papal most papal adj
papieski apostolski
Having to do with the pope or the papacy.

papal bull papal bulls n
bulla bulla papieska
An official document or edict from the Pope.

papal infallibility n
nieomylność papieska nieomylność papieża
(Roman Catholicism) The concept that the Pope, under certain circumstance (when making a statement on faith or morals, etc.) is protected by the Holy Spirit from being able to make a mistake.

paparazzo /ˌpæpəˈɹætsəʊ/ /ˌpɑpəˈɹɑtsoʊ/ paparazzi paparazzos n
paparazzo
A freelance photographer who sells photographs of celebrities to the media, especially one who pursues celebrities and attempts to obtain candid photographs.

papaya /pəˈpaɪə/ /pəˈpɑːjə/ papayas n
papaja
A tropical American evergreen tree, Carica papaya, having large, yellow, edible fruit.
papaja melonowiec
The fruit of this tree.

paper /ˈpeɪpə/ /ˈpeɪpɚ/ [ˈpeɪpə(r)] [ˈpeːpə(r)] [ˈpʰeɪpɚ] adj
papierowy papier
Made of paper.

paper /ˈpeɪpə/ /ˈpeɪpɚ/ [ˈpeɪpə(r)] [ˈpeːpə(r)] [ˈpʰeɪpɚ] papers n
papier
A sheet material typically used for writing on or printing on (or as a non-waterproof container), usually made by draining cellulose fibres from a suspension in water.
(rock paper scissors) An open hand (a handshape resembling a sheet of paper), that beats rock and loses to scissors. It loses to lizard and beats Spock in rock-paper-scissors-lizard-Spock.
artykuł papier
A written document, generally shorter than a book (white paper, term paper), in particular one written for the Government.

paper airplane paper airplanes n
samolot papierowy
(US) A toy airplane made by folding up a sheet of paper.

paper clip paper clips n
spinacz
A small, folded, wire or plastic device used to hold sheets of paper together.

paper mill paper mills n
papiernia
A factory devoted to making paper from wood pulp and other ingredients.

paper tiger paper tigers n
papierowy tygrys
(idiomatic) A seemingly fierce or powerful person, country or organisation without the ability to back up their words; apparently powerful but actually ineffective.

paper towel paper towels n
ręcznik papierowy
(Britain) A sheet of absorbent paper dispensed in restrooms, usually used for drying washed hands.

paper-pusher paper-pushers n
biurokrata zarękawek
(informal) A clerk or bureaucrat, especially one with a routine job.

paperback /ˈpeɪ.pɚ.bæk/ paperbacks n
miękka okładka

paperboard paperboards n
tektura
A thick paper, or thin cardboard.

papermaking papermakings n
papiernictwo
The craft of making paper.

papers /ˈpeɪpəz/ /ˈpeɪpɚz/ n
papiery
Official documents or identification, as a passport.
A collection of documents, unpublished writing or correspondence in an archive or library collection.

paperwall adj
mający papierowe ściany

paperweight paperweights n
przycisk do papieru
A small, decorative, somewhat weighty object placed on one or more pieces of paper to keep them from fluttering away.
Any object used for this purpose.
złom
(slang) A useless piece of equipment.

paperwork /ˈpeɪ.pɚ.wɚk/ /ˈpeɪ.pɚˌwɝk/ n
papierkowa robota
routine work involving written documents

papess papesses n
papieżyca
(obsolete) A female pope, i.e. the fictitious Pope Joan.

papier-mâché /ˌpapɪ.eɪ ˈmaʃeɪ/ /ˌpeɪpɚ məˈʃeɪ/ n
papier mâché
Torn-up paper and other possible materials mixed with paste or glue used to create, when the mass is dried, a durable sculptural object.

papilionid papilionids n
paź

papilla /pəˈpɪl.ə/ papillae n
brodawka
(anatomy) A nipple-like protuberance on a part or organ of the body.

papillary more papillary most papillary adj
papilarny
Having the properties or appearance of a papilla (nipple).

papist /ˈpeɪp.ɪst/ papists n
papista papistka
(religious slur, Christianity) A Roman Catholic, whose loyalties are seen to be with the papacy in Rome.

paprika /pæpˈɹiːkə/ /pəˈpɹiːkə/ /ˈpæpɹɪkə/ paprikas n
papryka
A bright reddish orange colour resembling that of the ground spice.

paprikash paprikashes n
paprykarz
A Hungarian dish resembling goulash (a paprika-based potato stew), but without potatoes and using meat instead, often chicken and sometimes veal.

papyrology papyrologies n
papirologia
The study of papyrus, particularly the branch of archeology concerning ancient texts written on papyrus.

papyrus /pəˈpaɪɹəs/ papyri papyruses n
papirus
(usually, uncountable) A plant (Cyperus papyrus) in the sedge family, native to the Nile river valley, paper reed.
(usually, uncountable) A material similar to paper made from the papyrus plant.
(countable) A scroll or document written on papyrus.

par excellence /ˌpɑɹ ˌɛksəˈlɑns/ /ˌpɑːɹ ˈɛksəlɑːns/ /ˌpɑːɹ ˈɛksəlɒ̃s/ /ˌpɑːɹ ˌɛksəˈlɑːns/ /ˌpɑːɹ ˌɛksəˈlɒ̃s/ adj
par excellence
Being a quintessential example of a general type.

par for the course /-ˈkɔəɹs/ /ˈpɑɹ fɚ ðə ˈkɔɹs/ /ˈpɑː fə ðə ˈkɔːs/ more par for the course most par for the course adj
typowy
(idiomatic) To be expected; normal; common.

parable /ˈpaɹəbəl/ /ˈpæɹ.ə.bəl/ /ˈpɛɹ.ə.bəl/ parables n
parabola przypowieść
A short narrative illustrating a lesson (usually religious/moral) by comparison or analogy.

parabola /pəˈɹæbələ/ parabolae parabolas parabolæ n
parabola
(geometry) The conic section formed by the intersection of a cone with a plane parallel to a tangent plane to the cone; the locus of points equidistant from a fixed point (the focus) and line (the directrix).

parachute /ˈpæɹəʃuːt/ parachutes n
spadochron
(aviation) A device, generally constructed from fabric, that is designed to employ air resistance to control the fall of an object or person, causing them to float instead of falling.
chusta animacyjna
A large sheet of fabric used in children's physical education, often colorful, with handles allowing many people to control its motion.

parachutist parachutists n
spadochroniarz spadochroniarka
Someone who jumps from an aircraft using a parachute, especially as a sport.

paraclete /ˈpæɹəkliːt/ paracletes n
paraklet
An advocate or helper.

paraconsistent /pæɹəkənˈsɪstənt/ adj
parakonsystentny
(logic) Dealing with contradictions in a discriminating way, in order to avoid acceptance of one from entailing acceptance of all contradictions.

paraconsistent logic paraconsistent logics n
logika parakonsystentna
(logic, countable) A particular formal logical system which allows some contradictions to be true without all contradictions or all statements becoming true; i.e. in which the principle of explosion does not hold.

parade /pəˈɹeɪd/ parades n
parada
A public procession, especially one commemorating a holiday or special event or (dated) in protest.

paradigm /ˈpeɪ.ɹə.daɪm/ /ˈpæɹ.ə.daɪm/ /ˈpæɹ.ə.dɑɪm/ /ˈpɛɹ.ə.daɪm/ paradigmata paradigms n
paradygmat
A pattern, a way of doing something, especially a pattern of thought, a system of beliefs, a conceptual framework.
(linguistics) A set of all forms which contain a common element, especially the set of all inflectional forms of a word or a particular grammatical category.

paradigm leveling paradigm levelings n
niwelacja paradygmatu

paradigm shift paradigm shifts n
zmiana paradygmatu
(sciences) A radical change in thinking from an accepted point of view to a new one, necessitated when new scientific discoveries produce anomalies in the current paradigm. [from 1962]

paradigmatic /ˌpæɹ.ə.daɪ.ˈmæ.tɪk/ /ˌpæɹ.ə.dɪ(ɡ).ˈmæ.tɪk/ /ˌpɛɹ.ə.daɪ.ˈmæ.tɪk/ /ˌpɛɹ.ə.dɪ(ɡ).ˈmæ.tɪk/ more paradigmatic most paradigmatic adj
paradygmatyczny
Of or pertaining to a paradigm.

paradisaic more paradisaic most paradisaic adj
rajski
Of or relating to paradise (or heaven)

paradise /ˈpæɹ.ə.daɪs/ /ˈpɛɹ.ə.daɪs/ paradises n
raj niebiosa
(slang) The upper gallery in a theatre.

paradisiacal /pæɹədɪˈsaɪəkəl/ more paradisiacal most paradisiacal adj
rajski
Of or resembling paradise.

paradox /ˈpæɹ.əˌdɑks/ /ˈpæɹ.əˌdɒks/ /ˈpɛɹ.əˌdɑks/ paradoxes n
paradoks
An apparently self-contradictory statement, which can only be true if it is false, and vice versa.
(uncountable, philosophy) A state in which one is logically compelled to contradict oneself.

paradoxical /ˌpæɹəˈdɒksɪkəl/ /ˌpɛɹəˈdɑːksɪkəl/ more paradoxical most paradoxical adj
paradoksalny
Having self-contradictory properties.

paradoxically more paradoxically most paradoxically adv
paradoksalnie
In a paradoxical manner; so as to create a paradox.

paraffin /ˈpæɹ.ə.fɪn/ /ˈpɛɹ.ə.fɪn/ paraffins n
alkan parafina
(chemistry) Any member of the alkane hydrocarbons.

paraffin /ˈpæɹ.ə.fɪn/ /ˈpɛɹ.ə.fɪn/ v
parafinować
To impregnate or treat with paraffin.

paraffin oil paraffin oils n
olej parafinowy

paraffin wax paraffin waxes n
parafina
A waxy white solid hydrocarbon mixture used to make candles, wax paper, lubricants, and sealing materials.

paragliding /ˈpæɹəɡlaɪdɪŋ/ n
paralotniarstwo paralotnia
The sport of gliding with a paraglider.

paragon /ˈpæɹəɡən/ /ˈpæɹəˌɡɑn/ /ˈpæɹəˌɡɔn/ paragons n
wzór
A person of preeminent qualities, who acts as a pattern or model for others. [from 16th c.]

paragraph /ˈpæɹəɡɹæf/ /ˈpæɹəɡɹɑːf/ /ˈpɛɹəɡɹæf/ paragraphs n
akapit paragraf
A passage in text that starts on a new line, the first line sometimes being indented, and usually marks a change of topic.
(originally) A mark or note set in the margin to call attention to something in the text, such as a change of subject.

parakeet /paɹəˈkiːt/ /ˈpaɹəkiːt/ /ˈpɛɹəkit/ parakeets n
papużka
Any of various species of small parrot primarily of tropical regions. [from 16th c.]

parallactic adj
paralaktyczny
Of or pertaining to parallax

parallax /ˈpæɹ.əˌlæks/ parallaxes n
paralaksa
An apparent shift in the position of two stationary objects relative to each other as viewed by an observer, due to a change in observer position.

parallel /ˈpæɹ.əˌlɛl/ /ˈpɛɹ.əˌlɛl/ adj
równoległy
Equally distant from one another at all points.

parallel /ˈpæɹ.əˌlɛl/ /ˈpɛɹ.əˌlɛl/ more parallel most parallel adv
równolegle
With a parallel relationship.

parallel /ˈpæɹ.əˌlɛl/ /ˈpɛɹ.əˌlɛl/ parallels n
równoleżnik równoległy
A line of latitude.

parallel bars n
poręcz
A set of apparatus consisting of two horizontal bars at a small distance apart, upon which acts of swinging and holding and jumping and dips are performed.

parallel parking parallel parkings n
parkowanie równoległe
The action of parking a vehicle with its side parallel to the curb or the side of the road and facing in the direction of the traffic in the adjacent lane.

parallelepiped /ˌpæɹəlɛˈlɛpɪpɛd/ /ˌpæɹəˌlɛləˈpaɪpɪd/ parallelepipeds n
równoległościan
(geometry) A solid figure, having six faces, all parallelograms, all opposite faces being similar and parallel.

parallelize v
zrównoleglić
To make parallel (to each other).

parallelogram /ˌpæ.ɹə.ˈlɛl.ə.ˌɡɹæm/ parallelograms n
równoległobok
(geometry) A convex quadrilateral in which each pair of opposite edges are parallel and of equal length.

paralogism /pəˈɹaləd͡ʒɪzəm/ /pəˈɹæləd͡ʒɪzəm/ paralogisms n
paralogizm
A fallacious argument or illogical conclusion, especially one committed by mistake, or believed by the speaker to be logical.

paralysis /pəˈɹæləsəs/ paralyses n
paraliż porażenie bezwład
(pathology) The complete loss of voluntary control of part of a person's body, such as one or more limbs.
bezwład niemoc paraliż
A state of being unable to act.

paralytic /ˌpæɹəˈlɪtɪk/ paralytics n
paralityczka paralityk
Someone suffering from paralysis.

paralyze /ˈparəlʌɪz/ v
paraliżować sparaliżować
(transitive) To afflict with paralysis.

paramagnetic more paramagnetic most paramagnetic adj
paramagnetyczny
(physics) Exhibiting paramagnetism.

paramagnetism /ˌpæ.ɹə.ˈmæɡ.nə.tɪ.zəm/ paramagnetisms n
paramagnetyzm
(physics) The tendency of magnetic dipoles to align with an external magnetic field; materials that exhibit this tendency become temporary magnets.

paramecium /ˌpæ.ɹəˈmiː.si.əm/ /ˌpɛ.ɹəˈmi.si.əm/ paramecia parameciums n
pantofelek
An oval-shaped protozoan organism of the genus Paramecium.

paramedic /ˌpæɹəˈmɛdɪk/ paramedics n
ratowniczka ratowniczka medyczna ratownik ratownik medyczny
An individual trained to medically stabilize people through various interventions, victims of trauma or medical events outside of a hospital setting and preparing them for transport to a medical facility.

parameterless adj
bezparametryczny

paramilitary /ˌpɛɹəˈmɪlɪˌtɛɹi/ adj
paramilitarny
relating to a paramilitary [1935]

paramilitary /ˌpɛɹəˈmɪlɪˌtɛɹi/ paramilitaries n
bojówka
A group of civilians trained and organized in a military fashion, but which do not represent the formal forces of a sovereign power.

paramount /ˈpæɹəmaʊnt/ /ˈpæɹəˌmaʊnt/ /ˈpɛ-/ adj
prymarny
(often, postpositive) Highest, supreme; also, chief, leading, pre-eminent.

paramour /ˈpæ.ɹə.mɔː/ /ˈpæ.ɹə.mʊə/ /ˈpæɹəmɔɹ/ paramours n
kochanek kochanka
(somewhat, archaic) An illicit lover, either male or female.

paranoia /ˌpæɹ.əˈnɔɪ.ə/ /ˌpɛɹ.əˈnɔɪ.ə/ paranoias paranoiæ n
paranoja
The obsolete name for a psychotic disorder, now called delusional disorder, often (in one of 6 subtypes) characterized by delusions of persecution and perceived threat against the individual affected with the disorder, and often associated with false accusations and general mistrust of others
Extreme, irrational distrust of others.

paranoiac /ˌpæɹəˈnɔɪæk/ more paranoiac most paranoiac adj
paranoiczny paranoidalny
Pertaining to, or exhibiting, paranoia.

paranoiacally more paranoiacally most paranoiacally adv
paranoicznie

paranoid /ˈpæɹ.ə.ˌnɔɪd/ /ˈpɛɹ.ə.ˌnɔɪd/ more paranoid most paranoid adj
paranoiczny paranoidalny
Of, related to, or suffering from clinical paranoia
(informal) Exhibiting excessive fear, suspicion, or distrust

paranoid /ˈpæɹ.ə.ˌnɔɪd/ /ˈpɛɹ.ə.ˌnɔɪd/ paranoids n
paranoiczka paranoik
Someone suffering from paranoia

paranoid personality disorder paranoid personality disorders n
paranoidalne zaburzenie osobowości
(psychiatry) A mental disorder characterized by paranoia and a pervasive, long-standing suspiciousness and generalized mistrust of others.

paranoid schizophrenia paranoid schizophrenias n
schizofrenia paranoidalna
(psychiatry) A form of schizophrenia that is accompanied by delusions, either of persecution, grandeur or jealousy.

paranormal more paranormal most paranormal adj
paranormalny
That (ostensibly) cannot be explained by what scientists know; supernatural; especially of or pertaining to ghosts, spirits, and supposed abilities like telepathy.

parapet /ˈpæɹ.ə.pɪt/ parapets n
murek gzyms
A low protective wall.
murek gzyms parapet przedpiersie
(military) A fortification consisting of a wall.

paraphernalia /ˌpæɹəfəˈneɪli.ə/ /ˌpɛɹəfəˈneɪli.ə/ /ˌpɛɹəfɚˈneɪli.ə/ n
parafernalia
(archaic, family, _, law) Things a married woman owns, such as clothing and jewellery, apart from her dowry.

paraphilia /ˌparəˈfɪlɪ.ə/ paraphiliae paraphilias n
parafilia
(sexology) Sexual arousal in response to sexual objects or situations which may interfere with the capacity for reciprocal affectionate sexual activity or lead to clinically significant distress or impairment (e.g. are obligatory, require participation of unconsenting individuals, lead to legal issues).

paraphimosis paraphimoses n
załupek
A medical condition where the foreskin becomes trapped behind the glans.

paraphrase /ˈpæɹəfɹeɪz/ paraphrases n
parafraza
A restatement of a text in different words, often to clarify meaning.

parapsychological adj
parapsychologiczny
Of or pertaining to parapsychology.

parapsychology /ˌpɛɹəˌsaɪˈkɑlədʒi/ parapsychologies n
parapsychologia
The study of alleged paranormal phenomena; psychic or occult phenomena, such as telepathy and ghosts.

parareligious adj
parareligijny

parashah parashahs parashiot parashioth parashiyos parashiyot parashiyoth parashot parashoth parshioth n
parasza
(Judaism) One of 54 sections of the Torah read weekly by religious Jews, particularly in the synagogue on the morning of the Jewish Sabbath

parasite /ˈpæɹəˌsaɪt/ /ˈpɛɹəˌsaɪt/ parasites n
pasożyt darmozjad
(pejorative) A person who lives on other people's efforts or expense and gives little or nothing back. [from 16th c.]
pasożyt
(biology) An organism that lives on or in another organism of a different species, deriving benefit from living on or in that other organism, while not contributing towards that other organism sufficiently to cover the cost to that other organism.

parasitic /ˌpæɹ.əˈsɪt.ɪk/ /ˌpɛɹ.əˈsɪt.ɪk/ [ˌpæɹ.əˈsɪɾ.ɪk] [ˌpɛɹ.əˈsɪɾ.ɪk] more parasitic most parasitic adj
pasożytniczy
Of or pertaining to a biological or symbolic parasite.

parasitic element parasitic elements n
element pasożytniczy
(electronics) A circuit element or property that is present within an electrical component, and has a negative effect on the performance of the circuit.

parasiticide /ˌpæɹəˈsɪtɪsaɪd/ parasiticides n
środek pasożytobójczy
Any substance used to kill parasites.

parasitism /ˈpæɹəs(a)ɪˌtɪzm̩/ parasitisms n
pasożytnictwo
(ecology) Interaction between two organisms, in which one organism (the parasite) benefits and the other (the host) is harmed.

parasitize v
pasożytować
(biology) To live on or in a host organism as a parasite.

parasol /ˈpæɹəˌsɒl/ /ˈpɛɹəˌsɑl/ parasols n
parasol
A small light umbrella used as protection from the sun.

parasomnia parasomnias n
parasomnia
(psychiatry, medicine) Any of several sleep disorders.

parasympathetic /ˌpa.ɹə.sɪm.pəˈθɛt.ɪk/ /ˌpæɹ.ə.sɪm.pəˈθɛt.ɪk/ /ˌpɛɹ.ə.sɪm.pəˈθɛt.ɪk/ adj
przywspółczulny
(neuroanatomy, neurology, relational) Of or relating to the part of the autonomic nervous system that inhibits or opposes the effects of the sympathetic nervous system. It consists of nerves arising from the brain and the lower end of the spinal cord and supplying the internal organs, blood vessels, and glands.

parathyroid gland parathyroid glands n
gruczoł przytarczyczny przytarczyca
(anatomy) Any one of four endocrine glands situated in the neck, usually within a thyroid gland, which produce parathyroid hormone.

paratrooper paratroopers n
spadochroniarz
A type of soldier who is trained to enter combat zones by parachuting from aircraft.

paravane paravanes n
parawan
(nautical) A device, stabilized with vanes, towed alongside a vessel such that the cable attaching it cuts the moorings of submerged mines.

parazoan parazoans n
nibytkankowiec
(zoology) Any sponge (of the subkingdom Parazoa)

parboil v
podgotować podgotowywać
To boil food briefly so that it is partly cooked.

parcel /ˈpɑɹsəl/ [ˈpʰaː.səɫ] [ˈpʰɑɹ.səɫ] [ˈpʰɑː.səɫ] parcels n
paczka przesyłka
A package wrapped for shipment.
parcela
A division of land bought and sold as a unit.

parchment /ˈpɑːtʃmənt/ /ˈpʰɑɹt͡ʃmənt/ parchments n
pergamin
A document made on such material.
Stiff paper imitating that material.

parchment paper parchment papers n
papier do pieczenia
Cellulose-based paper used in baking as a disposable nonstick surface.

pardon /ˈpaːdɘn/ /ˈpɑɹd(ə)n/ /ˈpɑːdn̩/ [ˈpʰäːɾɘn] [ˈpʰɑ˞dn̩] interjection
proszę
Often used when someone does not understand what another person says.

pardon /ˈpaːdɘn/ /ˈpɑɹd(ə)n/ /ˈpɑːdn̩/ [ˈpʰäːɾɘn] [ˈpʰɑ˞dn̩] pardons n
przebaczenie wybaczenie darowanie
Forgiveness for an offence.
ułaskawienie łaska
(legal) An order that releases a convicted criminal without further punishment, prevents future punishment, or (in some jurisdictions) removes an offence from a person's criminal record, as if it had never been committed.

pardon /ˈpaːdɘn/ /ˈpɑɹd(ə)n/ /ˈpɑːdn̩/ [ˈpʰäːɾɘn] [ˈpʰɑ˞dn̩] v
wybaczyć
(transitive) To forgive (a person).

pardon me phraseologicalUnit
pardon
(idiomatic) Sorry; said as an apology.
(idiomatic, North America) Polite expression to ask someone to repeat an utterance.

pardon my French /ˌpɑɹd(ə)n maɪ ˈfɹɛn(t)ʃ/ /ˌpɑːdn̩ maɪ ˈfɹɛn(t)ʃ/ v
za przeproszeniem
(intransitive, idiomatic, often, humorous) To excuse the speaker's frankness of expression or profanity.

pareidolia /ˌpæɹ.aɪˈdoʊ.li.ə/ /ˌpæɹ.aɪˈdəʊ.li.ə/ /ˌpæɹ.iˈdoʊ.li.ə/ /ˌpɛɹ.aɪˈdoʊ.li.ə/ /ˌpɛɹ.iˈdoʊ.li.ə/ pareidolias n
pareidolia
(psychology) The tendency to interpret a vague stimulus as something known to the observer, such as interpreting marks on Mars as canals, seeing shapes in clouds, or hearing hidden messages in music.

pareidolic /pæɹ.aɪˈdəʊ.lɪk/ /pɛɹ.aɪˈdoʊ.lɪk/ more pareidolic most pareidolic adj
pareidoliczny
Of or pertaining to pareidolia.

paremiology /pəˌɹiːmiˈɒləd͡ʒi/ n
paremiologia
The study of proverbs.

parent /ˈpæɹ.ənt/ /ˈpɛə.ɹənt/ /ˈpɛɚ.ənt/ parents n
rodzic
One of the two persons from whom one is immediately biologically descended; a mother or father. [from 15th c.]
opiekun opiekunka
A person who acts as a parent in rearing a child; a step-parent or adoptive parent.
roślina mateczna
(biology) An organism from which a plant or animal is immediately biologically descended. [from 17th c.]

parent company parent companies n
spółka dominująca spółka matka
(business) A company that owns or controls one or more other companies.

parent language parent languages n
język nadrzędny

parental more parental most parental adj
rodzicielski
Of or relating to a parent.

parental leave parental leaves n
urlop rodzicielski
A leave of absence from a job for a parent to take care of a baby.

parenthesis /pəˈɹɛnθəsɪs/ parentheses n
nawias
Either of a pair of brackets, especially round brackets, ( and ) (used to enclose parenthetical material in a text).
(mathematics, logic) Such brackets as used to clarify expressions by grouping those terms affected by a common operator, or to enclose the components of a vector or the elements of a matrix.
parenteza wtrącenie
(rhetoric) A digression; the use of such digressions.

parenthesize /pəˈɹɛnθ.ə.saɪz/ v
nawiasować
To place text in parentheses.

parentification n
parentyfikacja
(sociology, psychology) A process of role reversal whereby a child is obliged to act as a parent to its own parent or sibling.

parents' evening parents' evenings n
wywiadówka
(UK, education) An evening consisting of short meetings between a parent and their child's teachers to discuss the child's academic progress.

pareo /ˈpɑː(ɹ)i.əʊ/ pareos n
pareo
A wraparound garment, worn by men or women, similar to a Malaysian sarong.

paresthesia /ˌpærɪsˈθiːziə, -ʒə/ paresthesiae paresthesias n
parestezja
A sensation of burning, prickling, itching, or tingling of the skin, with no obvious cause.

pariah /pəˈɹaɪə/ pariahs n
parias
Synonym of outcast: A person despised and excluded by their family, community, or society, especially a member of the untouchable castes in Indian society.

parietal lobe /pəˈɹaɪətəl ˌloʊb/ parietal lobes n
płat ciemieniowy
(anatomy) One of the four major divisions of the cerebrum of the brain.

paring knife paring knives n
nóż do obierania
A thin-bladed knife intended for coring and paring (peeling) fruit such as apples as well as slicing small ingredients. It is especially used for precise and controlled cutting.

parish /ˈpæɹɪʃ/ /ˈpɛɹɪʃ/ parishes n
parafia
In the Anglican, Eastern Orthodox, Lutheran and Roman Catholic Church, an administrative part of a diocese that has its own church.
(US) An ecclesiastical society, usually not bounded by territorial limits, but composed of those persons who choose to unite under the charge of a particular priest, clergyman, or minister; also, loosely, the territory in which the members of a congregation live.
A civil subdivision of a British county, often corresponding to an earlier ecclesiastical parish.
parafianin parafianka
The community attending that church; the members of the parish.

parish church parish churches n
kościół parafialny
A church that serves as the religious centre of a parish; the basic administrative unit of episcopal churches.

parish priest parish priests n
proboszcz
(Roman Catholicism) The main priest serving a parish.

parishioner /pəˈɹɪʃnə(ɹ)/ /pəˈɹɪʃənə(ɹ)/ parishioners n
parafianin parafianka
A member of a parish.

park /pɐk/ /pɑɹk/ [pɑɹk] [pʰäːk] [pʰɑɹk] [pʰɑːk] [pʰɒək] parks n
park
An area of land set aside for environment preservation or recreation.
A tract of ground kept in its natural state, about or adjacent to a residence, such as for the preservation of game, for walking, riding, or the like.

park /pɐk/ /pɑɹk/ [pɑɹk] [pʰäːk] [pʰɑɹk] [pʰɑːk] [pʰɒək] v
parkować zaparkować
(transitive) To bring (something such as a vehicle) to a halt or store in a specified place.

parka /ˈpɑɹkə/ /ˈpɑːkə/ parkas n
parka
(clothing) A long jacket with a hood which protects the wearer against rain and wind.

parking /ˈpɑɹkɪŋ/ /ˈpɑːkɪŋ/ parkings n
parkowanie zaparkowanie
The action of the verb to park.
parking
Space in which to park a car or other vehicle.

parking attendant parking attendants n
parkingowy
(UK) A person who issues tickets for parking violations.

parking lot parking lots n
parking
(North America, Philippines, Malaysia) An open area, generally paved, where automobiles may be left when not in use.

parking meter parking meters n
parkometr
A device, located by a parking space, that collects payment in exchange for the right to park a vehicle for a specified time.

parking space parking spaces n
miejsce parkingowe
A space in which a car or other vehicle can be parked.

parkour /pɑɹˈkʊɹ/ /pɑːˈkɔː/ /pɑːˈkʊə/ n
parkour
(sport) An athletic discipline, in which practitioners traverse any environment in the most efficient way possible using their physical abilities, and which commonly involves running, jumping, vaulting, rolling, flipping, and other similar physical movements.

parley /ˈpɑɹli/ /ˈpɑːleɪ/ /ˈpɑːlɪ/ parleys n
pertraktacje rokowania
A conference, especially one between enemies.

parley /ˈpɑɹli/ /ˈpɑːleɪ/ /ˈpɑːlɪ/ v
pertraktować
(intransitive) To have a discussion, especially one between enemies.

parliament /ˈpaːləmənt/ /ˈpɑɹləmənt/ /ˈpɑːləmənt/ /ˈpɑːlɪəmənt/ parliaments n
parlament sejm
In many countries, the legislative branch of government, a deliberative assembly or set of assemblies whose elected or appointed members meet to debate the major political issues of the day, make, amend, and repeal laws, authorize the executive branch of government to spend money, and in some cases exercise judicial powers; a legislature. [from 14th c.]
A particular assembly of the members of such a legislature, as convened for a specific purpose or period of time (commonly designated with an ordinal number – for example, first parliament or 12th parliament – or a descriptive adjective – for example, Long Parliament, Short Parliament and Rump Parliament). [from 14th c.]

parliamentarian /ˌpɑː(ɹ)ləmənˈtɛəɹiən/ parliamentarians n
parlamentarzysta parlamentarzystka
(Commonwealth) A member of a parliament, congress or an elected national legislative body of another name.

parliamentarism parliamentarisms n
parlamentaryzm
The system of government in which the executive branch is legitimised by parliament.

parliamentary /ˌpaːləˈment(ə)ɹi/ /ˌpɑɹləˈmɛnt(ə)ɹi/ /ˌpɑːləˈmɛnt(ə)ɹi/ adj
parlamentarny
Of, relating to, or enacted by a parliament.

parmesan /ˈpɑɹ.məˌʒɑn/ /ˈpɑː(ɹ).məˌzɑːn/ /ˈpɑːməˌzən/ /ˈpɑːmɪˌzæn/ /ˌpɑːmɪˈzæn/ parmesans n
parmezan
A hard, full-fat Italian cheese from Parma.

parochial /pəˈɹoʊki.əl/ /pəˈɹəʊkɪəl/ more parochial most parochial adj
parafialny
Pertaining to a parish.
parafiański prowincjonalny zaściankowy
Characterized by an unsophisticated focus on local concerns to the exclusion of wider contexts; elementary in scope or outlook.

parody /ˈpæɹədi/ /ˈpɛɹədi/ parodies n
parodia
A work or performance that imitates another work or performance with ridicule or irony.
(countable, archaic) A popular maxim, adage, or proverb.

parody /ˈpæɹədi/ /ˈpɛɹədi/ v
parodiować
(transitive) To make a parody of something.

paronomasia /pæɹənɵˈmeɪzɪə/ /pæɹənɵˈmeɪʒə/ paronomasias n
annominacja paronomazja
(rhetoric) A pun or play on words.

paronym paronyms n
paronim
(rare) A near-homophone, a word that sounds like another word.

parosmia /-ˈɹɑs-/ /-ˈɹɒs-/ /pəˈɹɑz.mi.ə/ /pəˈɹɒz.mɪ.ə/ parosmias n
kakosmia parosmia
(pathology) A distorted sense of smell, often resulting in the apparent detection of non-existent smells which are mostly unpleasant.

parousia n
paruzja
The second coming of Christ.

paroxysm /ˈpæ.ɹək.ˌsɪ.zəm/ paroxysms n
paroksyzm
A random or sudden outburst (of activity).
A sudden recurrence of a disease, such as a seizure or a coughing fit.

paroxytone /pəˈɹɒk.sɪˌtəʊn/ adj
paroksytoniczny
(linguistics, of a word) Having the stress or accent on the penultimate syllable.

parricide /ˈpæ.ɹɪ.saɪd/ parricides n
zabójstwo rodziny
The killing of a relative, especially a parent.

parrot /ˈpæɹət/ /ˈpɛɹət/ parrots n
papuga
A kind of bird, many species of which are colorful and able to mimic human speech, of the order Psittaciformes or (narrowly) of the family Psittacidae.
(metaphorical) A parroter; a person who repeats the words or ideas of others.

parrot /ˈpæɹət/ /ˈpɛɹət/ v
papugować
(transitive) To repeat (exactly what has just been said) without necessarily showing understanding, in the manner of a parrot.

parrot crossbill parrot crossbills n
krzyżodziób sosnowy
Loxia pytyopsittacus, a small passerine bird in the finch family Fringillidae.

parrotfish parrotfish parrotfishes n
sparysoma
Any of several tropical marine fish of the family Scaridae known for their beak-like mass of teeth used to scrape algae from rocks or coral.

parsable more parsable most parsable adj
analizowalny dający się parsować

parse /pɑɹs/ /pɑɹz/ /pɑːz/ [pʰɑːz] v
parsować
(computing, ambitransitive) To split (a file or other input) into pieces of data that can be easily manipulated or stored.

parseltongue pn
wężomowa
A fictional language of snakes in the Harry Potter universe.

parsimony /ˈpɑɹ.sə.ˌmoʊ.ni/ /ˈpɑː.sə.ˌməʊ.ni/ parsimonies n
awarycja oszędność skąpstwo
Great reluctance to spend money unnecessarily.

parsley /ˈpɑː(ɹ)sli/ parsleys n
pietruszka
(countable, uncountable) A bright green, biennial herb, Petroselinum crispum, having many cultivars.
pietruszka natka pietruszki
(uncountable) The leaves of this plant used in Middle Eastern, European, and American cooking.

parsnip /ˈpɑɹ.snɪp/ /ˈpɑː.snɪp/ parsnips n
pasternak
A biennial plant, Pastinaca sativa, related to the carrot.
The root of the parsnip, when used as a vegetable.

part /pɐːt/ /pɑɹt/ /pɑːt/ parts n
część
A fraction of a whole.
A group inside a larger group.
rola
Position or role (especially in a play).
przedziałek
(US) The dividing line formed by combing the hair in different directions.

part /pɐːt/ /pɑɹt/ /pɑːt/ v
rozstawać rozstać
(intransitive) To leave the company of.
podzielić
(transitive) To divide in two.
podzielić rodzielić
(intransitive) To be divided in two or separated.
rodzielić
To separate or disunite; to remove from contact or contiguity; to sunder.

part of speech parts of speech n
część mowy
(grammar) A linguistic category of words sharing syntactic or morphological behaviour and semantic properties, such as noun or verb.

part ways v
rozstawać się rozstać się
To go in different directions.

part-time adj
na pół etatu niepełnoetatowy
For, during, or involving less than the normal time for some activity, especially the number of hours an employee works.

partake /pɑɹˈteɪk/ /pɑːˈteɪk/ v
uczestniczyć
(intransitive, formal) To take part in an activity; to participate.

parthenogenesis /ˌpɑɹθənoʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/ /ˌpɑɹθɪnoʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/ /ˌpɑːθənəʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/ /ˌpɑːθɪnəʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/ parthenogeneses n
partenogeneza dzieworództwo
(biology, countable, uncountable) (An instance of) reproduction by the development of a single gamete (an ovum or ovule) without fertilisation by a gamete of the opposite sex; compare monogenesis, metagenesis, and heterogamy.

partial /ˈpɑɹʃəl/ /ˈpɑːʃəl/ more partial most partial adj
częściowy
existing as a part or portion; incomplete
(mathematics) of or relating to a partial derivative or partial differential
stronniczy tendencyjny uprzedzony
biased in favor of a person, side, or point of view, especially when dealing with a competition or dispute

partial derivative partial derivatives n
pochodna cząstkowa
(mathematics) A derivative with respect to one variable of a function of several variables with the other variables held constant.

partial differential equation partial differential equations n
równanie różniczkowe cząstkowe
(calculus) A differential equation that involves the partial derivatives of a function of several variables.

partial fraction partial fractions n
ułamek częściowy
(mathematics) Any of several fractions to the sum of which a single fraction is equal.

partial sum partial sums n
suma częściowa
(mathematics) The sum of the first n terms of an infinite series, where n is a finite number.

partiality /pɐːʃiˈɛlɘti/ /pɐːˈʃɛlɘti/ /pɑɹʃiˈælɪti/ /pɑɹˈʃæləti/ /pɑɹˈʃælɪti/ /pɑːʃiˈalɪti/ /pɑːˈʃaləti/ /pɑːˈʃalɪti/ partialities n
stronniczość tendencyjność
Preference, bias in favor of, tendency.

partially /ˈpɑɹʃəli/ /ˈpɑːʃəli/ adv
częściowo
To a partial degree or extent, incompletely.

partially ordered adj
uporządkowany

participant /pɑːɹˈtɪsəpənt/ /pɑːˈtɪsɪpənt/ /pəɹˈtɪsəpənt/ participants n
uczestnik uczestniczka
One who participates.

participate /pɑɹˈtɪsəpeɪt/ /pɑɹˈtɪsəpət/ /pɑːˈtɪsɪpeɪt/ /pɑːˈtɪsɪpət/ v
brać udział uczestniczyć wziąć udział
(intransitive) To join in, to take part, to involve oneself (in something). [from 16th c.]

participation /pɑɹˌtɪsɪˈpeɪʃən/ /pɑːˌtɪsɪˈpeɪʃən/ participations n
udział uczestnictwo
The act of participating, of taking part in something.

participatory democracy participatory democracies n
demokracja uczestnicząca
A kind of democracy not limiting participation of citizens to voting, but striving to create opportunities for everybody to make meaningful contributions to decision-making.

participial adj
imiesłowowy
(grammar) of, relating to, or being a participle

participle /pɑːˈtɪsɪpəl/ /ˈpɑɹtɪˌsɪpəl/ /ˈpɑːtɪsɪpəl/ participles n
imiesłów
(grammar) A form of a verb that may function as an adjective or noun. English has two types of participles: the present participle and the past participle. In other languages, there are others, such as future, perfect, and future perfect participles.

particle /ˈpɑɹtɪkəl/ /ˈpɑːtɪk(ə)l/ particles n
cząstka partykuła
A very small piece of matter, a fragment; especially, the smallest possible part of something. [from 14th c.]
(physics) Any of various physical objects making up the constituent parts of an atom; an elementary particle or subatomic particle. [from 19th c.]
partykuła cząstka
(linguistics) A part of speech that has no inherent lexical definition but must be associated with another word to impart meaning, often a grammatical category: for example, the English word to in a full infinitive phrase (to eat) or O in a vocative phrase (O Canada), or as a discourse marker (mmm).

particle accelerator particle accelerators n
akcelerator cząstek akcelerator
A device that accelerates electrically charged particles to extremely high speeds, for the purpose of inducing high energy reactions or producing high energy radiation.

particle board particle boards n
płyta wiórowa
(US, Canada, AU) a structural material manufactured from wood particles (such as chips and shavings) by pressing, and binding through resin

particle physics n
fizyka cząstek elementarnych fizyka wielkich energii

particular /pəˈtɪk.jə.lə/ /pəˈtɪk.jə.lɚ/ /pəˈtɪk.jʊ.lə/ /pɚˈtɪk.jə.lɚ/ more particular most particular adj
konkretny
Specific; discrete; concrete.
specyficzny
Specialised; characteristic of a specific person or thing.

particularly /pəˈtɪkjəli/ /pəˈtɪkjələli/ /pəˈtɪkjəlɚli/ /pɚˈtɪkjəlɚli/ adv
szczególnie
(focus) Especially, extremely.

particulate matter particulate matters n
cząstki stałe pył zawieszony
Any solid or liquid in a finely subdivided state, especially when considered as an atmospheric pollutant.

parting /ˈpɑɹtɪŋ/ /ˈpɑːtɪŋ/ partings n
przedziałek
(British) The dividing line formed by combing the hair in different directions; part (US)

partisan /-sən/ /-zən/ /ˈpaː.tɪ.sæn/ /ˈpaː.tɪ.zæn/ /ˈpɑɹ.ɾə.sən/ /ˈpɑɹ.ɾɪ.sən/ /ˈpɑː.tɪˌzæn/ /ˌpɑː.tɪˈzæn/ more partisan most partisan adj
bojowniczy partyzancki
Serving as commander or member of a body of detached light troops.

partisan /-sən/ /-zən/ /ˈpaː.tɪ.sæn/ /ˈpaː.tɪ.zæn/ /ˈpɑɹ.ɾə.sən/ /ˈpɑɹ.ɾɪ.sən/ /ˈpɑː.tɪˌzæn/ /ˌpɑː.tɪˈzæn/ partisans n
partyzana kapralski kij
(historical) A long-handled spear with a triangular, double-edged blade having lateral projections, in some forms also used in boar hunting.
zwolenniczka zwolennik
A fervent, sometimes militant, supporter or proponent of a party, cause, faction, person, or idea.

partisanship partisanships n
stronniczość
An inclination to be partisan or biased; partiality.

partition /pɑɹˈtɪ.ʃən/ /pɑɹˈtɪ.ʃɪn/ partitions n
partycja
(computing) A section of a hard disk separately formatted.

partitive genitive partitive genitives n
dopełniacz cząstkowy

partly /ˈpɑɹtli/ /ˈpɑːtli/ adv
częściowo po części
In part, or to some degree, but not completely.

partner /ˈpɐːtnə/ /ˈpɑɹtnɚ/ /ˈpɑːtnə(ɹ)/ [ˈpɑɹʔnɚ] partners n
partner partnerka
A spouse or other person with whom one shares a domestic, romantic or sexual bond.
Someone who is associated with another in a common activity or interest.
Someone with whom one dances in a two-person dance.
Someone with whom one plays on the same side in a game, such as card games or doubles tennis.
A member of a business or law partnership.
(nautical) One of the pieces of wood comprising the framework which strengthens the deck of a wooden ship around the holes through which the mast and other fittings pass.
(Jamaica) A group financial arrangement in which each member contributes a set amount of money over a set period.

partner /ˈpɐːtnə/ /ˈpɑɹtnɚ/ /ˈpɑːtnə(ɹ)/ [ˈpɑɹʔnɚ] v
partnerować
(transitive) To join as a partner.
(intransitive, often, with with) To work or perform as a partner.

partnership /ˈpɑɹtnɚʃɪp/ /ˈpɑːtnəʃɪp/ partnerships n
partnerstwo
The state of being associated with a partner.
spółka partnerska
An association of two or more people to conduct a business

partridge /ˈpɑɹtɹɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈpɑːtɹɪd͡ʒ/ partridge partridges n
kuropatwa
(ornithology) Any bird of a number of genera in the family Phasianidae, notably in the genera Perdix and Alectoris.

parturition /ˌpɑː(ɹ)tjʊˈɹɪʃən/ /ˌpɑː(ɹ)t͡ʃəˈɹɪʃən/ parturitions n
poród
The act of giving birth; childbirth.

party /ˈpɑ(ː)ti/ /ˈpɑɹ.ti/ /ˈpɑː.ti/ [ˈpʰɑ(ː)ɾi] [ˈpʰɑɹɾi] parties n
strona
(legal) A person or group of people constituting a particular side in a contract or legal action.
przyjęcie impreza
A gathering of acquaintances so that one of them may offer items for sale to the rest of them.

party /ˈpɑ(ː)ti/ /ˈpɑɹ.ti/ /ˈpɑː.ti/ [ˈpʰɑ(ː)ɾi] [ˈpʰɑɹɾi] v
balować balangować imprezować
(intransitive) To celebrate at a party, to have fun, to enjoy oneself.

party animal party animals n
balangowicz balangowiczka imprezowicz imprezowiczka
(idiomatic) A person known for frequent, enthusiastic attendance at parties, especially one whose partying behavior is exuberant or excessive.

parvenu /ˈpɑɹ.və.nju/ /ˈpɑɹ.və.nu/ /ˈpɑː.və.njuː/ /ˈpɑː.və.nuː/ parvenus n
dorobkiewicz nowobogacki nuworysz parweniusz
A person who has risen, climbed up, or has been promoted to a higher social class, especially through acquisition of wealth, privileges, or political authority but has not gained social acceptance by those within that new class.

pas /pɑː/ pas n
pas
A step in a dance. [from 18th c.]

pascal /pæsˈkæl/ /pæˈskæl/ /ˈpæskl̩/ /ˈpæskəl/ [pʰæsˈkʰæɫ] [pʰæˈskæɫ] pascals n
paskal
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of pressure and stress; one newton per square metre. Symbol: Pa.

pasha /ˈpæʃə/ /ˈpɑʃə/ pashas n
basza pasza pascha
(historical) A high-ranking Turkish military officer, especially as a commander or regional governor; the highest honorary title during the Ottoman Empire.

paskha paskhas n
pascha
A traditional Eastern Orthodox Easter dessert, made from curd.

pasque flower pasque flowers n
sasanka
Any of various deciduous perennial flowering plants, of the genus Pulsatilla, found in clumps in certain grassland areas.

pass /pæs/ /pɑːs/ [pʰas] [pʰaːs] [pʰeəs] [pʰeə̯s] [pʰäs] [pʰäːs] [pʰæs] [pʰɐːs] [pʰɑːs] [pʰɛəs] passes n
przełęcz
An opening, road, or track, available for passing; especially, one through or over some dangerous or otherwise impracticable barrier such as a mountain range; a passageway; a defile; a ford.
przebieg
A single passage of a tool over something, or of something over a tool.
przepustka
A document granting permission to pass or to go and come; a passport; a ticket permitting free transit or admission

pass /pæs/ /pɑːs/ [pʰas] [pʰaːs] [pʰeəs] [pʰeə̯s] [pʰäs] [pʰäːs] [pʰæs] [pʰɐːs] [pʰɑːs] [pʰɛəs] v
podawać podać
(ditransitive) To cause to move or go; to send; to transfer from one person, place, or condition to another.
przebrnąć przejść
(transitive) To cause to advance by stages of progress; to carry on with success through an ordeal, examination, or action; specifically, to give legal or official sanction to; to ratify; to enact; to approve as valid and just.
odchodzić odejść umierać umrzeć zdechnąć zdychać
(transitive) To transcend; to surpass; to excel; to exceed.

pass away v
odejść
(archaic, literary) To disappear; to cease to be; to be no more.

pass down v
przekazać
(transitive) To hand over, pass through or transfer to a lower level, next generation, etc.

pass judgment v
wyrokować

pass out v
stracić przytomność
(intransitive) To faint; to become unconscious.
rozdawać rozdać
(transitive) To distribute, to hand out.

pass under the yoke v
przegrać

pass unnoticed v
przechodzić niezauważenie przejść niezauważenie

passable more passable most passable adj
przekraczalny
That may be passed or traversed.

passage /ˈpæsɪd͡ʒ/ passages n
pasaż
A paragraph or section of text or music with particular meaning.
A passageway or corridor.

passageway passageways n
przejście
A covered walkway, between rooms or buildings.

passcode passcodes n
hasło kod dostępu
A string of characters used for authentication on a digital device.

passenger /ˈpæsənd͡ʒə/ /ˈpæsənd͡ʒɚ/ /ˈpæsɪnd͡ʒə/ /ˈpæsɪnd͡ʒɚ/ passengers n
pasażer pasażerka
One who rides or travels in a vehicle, but who does not operate it and is not a member of the crew.

passenger pigeon passenger pigeons n
gołąb wędrowny
A bird of the extinct species †Ectopistes migratorius, formerly endemic to North America.

passenger seat passenger seats n
siedzenie pasażera
(automotive) A seat in a vehicle for a passenger, especially the front seat next to the driver in a motor vehicle.

passenger ship passenger ships n
statek pasażerski
A ship whose primary function is to carry passengers.

passenger train passenger trains n
pociąg pasażerski
(rail) A train whose primary function is to carry passengers.

passer-by /ˈpæs.ɚˌbaɪ/ /ˈpɑː.sə.baɪ/ /ˈpɑː.sə.bɑɪ/ passers-by n
przechodzień
A person who is passing by (that is, walking past).

passing /ˈpɑːsɪŋ/ more passing most passing adj
przelotny
That passes away; ephemeral. [from 14th c.]

passing loop passing loops n
mijanka
(rail) On a single-track railway or tramway, an extra track provided at a certain place to allow two trains travelling in opposite directions to pass each other. It can also allow a faster train to overtake a slower one.

passing note passing notes n
dźwięk przejściowy

passion /ˈpæʃən/ [ˈpʰæʃən] passions n
pasja namiętność
Any great, strong, powerful emotion, especially romantic love or extreme hate.
pasja
Fervor, determination.
An object of passionate or romantic love or strong romantic interest.
A display, musical composition, or play meant to commemorate the suffering of Jesus.
męka pasja
(Christianity, usually capitalized) The suffering of Jesus leading up to and during his crucifixion.

passion fruit passion fruit passion fruits n
marakuja
A plant, passiflora, that produces an edible fruit.
(uncountable) The flesh of the edible fruit.

passionate /ˈpæʃənət/ /ˈpæʃənɪt/ more passionate most passionate adj
namiętny
Fired with intense feeling.

passionflower passionflowers n
męczennica passiflora
Any of very many vines, in North America and elsewhere, of the genus Passiflora that bear edible fruit called passion fruit, and showy flowers of a structure symbolic of the Passion of Christ.
The flower of this plant.

passionless more passionless most passionless adj
beznamiętny

passionlessly more passionlessly most passionlessly adv
beznamiętnie

passionlessness n
beznamiętność

passive /ˈpæs.ɪv/ more passive most passive adj
bierny
Being subjected to an action without producing a reaction.
Taking no action.
(grammar) Being in the passive voice.

passive /ˈpæs.ɪv/ passives n
strona bierna
(grammar) A form of a verb that is in the passive voice.

passive euthanasia n
eutanazja bierna

passive participle passive participles n
imiesłów przymiotnikowy bierny
(grammar) A participle indicating an ongoing or completed action or state in the passive voice, where a noun modified by the participle is taken to represent the patient of the action denoted by the verb.

passive smoker passive smokers n
bierny palacz
A non-smoker that suffers the consequences of tobacco due to inhalation by nearby smokers.

passive smoking n
bierne palenie
The inhalation of tobacco smoke by a non-smoker due to proximity to smokers.

passive vocabulary passive vocabularies n
słownik bierny
The words and phrases, collectively, that someone understands in speech and writing but does not commonly use.

passive voice passive voices n
strona bierna
(grammar) The form of a transitive verb in which its subject receives the action.

passively /ˈpæs.ɪv.li/ adv
biernie pasywnie
In a passive manner; without conscious or self-directed action.

passivity /pæˈsɪvɪti/ passivities n
bierność pasywność
The state of being passive.

passport /ˈpæspɔɹt/ /ˈpɑːspɔːt/ passports n
paszport
An official document normally used for international journeys, which proves the identity and nationality of the person for whom it was issued.

passportless adj
bezpaszportowy

password /ˈpæswɜːd/ /ˈpæswɝd/ /ˈpɑːswɜː(ɹ)d/ passwords n
hasło parol
(military, security) A word relayed to a person to gain admittance to a place or to gain access to information.
hasło
(computing, cryptography) A string of characters used to log in to a computer or network, to access a level in a video game, and so on; archetypally a word#Noun but nowadays often an alphanumeric#Adjective string or a phrase#Noun.

passé /pæˈseɪ/ /ˈpæ.seɪ/ more passé most passé adj
passé
(colloquial) Dated; out of style; old-fashioned.

past /pæst/ /pɑːst/ more past most past adj
ubiegły miniony przeszły
Having already happened; in the past; finished. [from 14th c.]

past /pæst/ /pɑːst/ pasts n
przeszłość
The period of time that has already happened, in contrast to the present and the future.
czas przeszły przeszłość
(grammar) The past tense.

past participle past participles n
imiesłów czasu przeszłego
(grammar) A participle indicating a completed action or state.

past perfect n
czas zaprzeszły
A tense which describes actions that occurred before another action or event in the past; the pluperfect or the past anterior tense.

past tense past tenses n
czas przeszły
(grammar) A grammatical form (often a verb form) that refers to an event, transaction, occurrence, or object that happened (or had happened), or existed, at some time before now (the applicable reference time).

pasta /ˈpæstə/ /ˈpɐːstɘ/ /ˈpɐːstə/ /ˈpɑstə/ pastas paste n
makaron
(uncountable) Dough made from wheat and water and sometimes mixed with egg and formed into various shapes; often sold in dried form and typically boiled for eating.

pasta e fagioli /ˌpastə faˈdʒəʊlɪ/ /ˌpastə ɛ faˈdʒəʊlɪ/ n
makaron z fasolą
An Italian soup made with pasta and cannellini beans.

paste /peɪst/ v
wklejać
(transitive, computing) To insert a piece of media (e.g. text, picture, audio, video) previously copied or cut from somewhere else.

pastellist pastellists n
pastelista pastelistka
(art) An artist who works in pastels

pastern /ˈpæstən/ /ˈpæstəɹn/ /ˈpæstɜːn/ pasterns n
pęcina
The part of a horse's leg between the fetlock joint and the hoof.

pasteurisation pasteurisations n
pasteryzacja
(British spelling) Heat-treatment of a perishable food to destroy heat-sensitive vegetative cells followed by immediate cooling to limit growth of the surviving cells and germination of spores.

pasteurize /ˈpæst͡ʃəɹaɪz/ /ˈpɑːstʃəɹaɪz/ v
pasteryzować
(transitive) To heat food for the purpose of killing harmful organisms such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa, molds, and yeasts.

pastiche /pæsˈtiːʃ/ pastiches n
pastisz
A work of art, drama, literature, music, or architecture that imitates the work of a previous artist.

pastille /pæsˈtil/ /ˈpæst(ɪ)l/ pastilles n
pastylka landrynka
An often round and somewhat flat flavoured candy or sweet.
pastylka
(historical) A medicinal pill, originally made of compressed herbs.
A candy- or sweet-like lozenge, which, when sucked, releases substances that soothe a sore throat, and sometimes vapours to help unblock the nose or sinuses.

pastime /ˈpæs.taɪm/ /ˈpɑːs.taɪm/ pastimes n
rozrywka
Something which amuses, and serves to make time pass agreeably.

pastirma n
pasturma
A highly seasoned, air-dried cured beef in Ottoman cuisine.

pastor /ˈpæstɚ/ /ˈpɑːstə/ pastors n
pastor
(Protestantism) A minister or priest in a church.
proboszcz
(Roman Catholicism, US) The main priest serving a parish.

pastoral /ˈpæs.tə.ɹəl/ /ˈpɑːstə.ɹəl/ /ˌpæsˈtɔːɹəl/ more pastoral most pastoral adj
pasterski
Of or pertaining to shepherds or herders of other livestock.
pastoralny duszpasterski pasterski
Relating to the care of souls, to the pastor of a church or to any local religious leader charged with the service of individual parishioners, i.e. a priest or rabbi.

pastoral /ˈpæs.tə.ɹəl/ /ˈpɑːstə.ɹəl/ /ˌpæsˈtɔːɹəl/ pastorals n
sielanka
A poem describing the life and manners of shepherds; a poem in which the speakers assume the character of shepherds; an idyll; a bucolic.
list pasterski
(religion, Christianity) A letter of the House of Bishops, to be read in each parish.

pastry /ˈpeɪstɹi/ pastries n
pieczywo cukiernicze wypiek
(uncountable) The food group formed by the various kinds of pastries.

pastry bag pastry bags n
kornet rękaw cukierniczy
A flexible bag from which icing is forced through a small nozzle to make various designs of piping.

pastry chef pastry chefs n
cukiernik
A baker who makes pastry products.

pasture /ˈpæs.tɚ/ /ˈpæs.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈpɑːs.tjə/ /ˈpɑːs.t͡ʃə/ pastures n
pastwisko
Land, specifically, an open field, on which livestock is kept for feeding.

pasture /ˈpæs.tɚ/ /ˈpæs.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈpɑːs.tjə/ /ˈpɑːs.t͡ʃə/ v
paść
(transitive) To move animals into a pasture.

patagium /pætəˈd͡ʒaɪəm/ /pəˈteɪd͡ʒi.əm/ patagia n
błona lotna
The thin membrane that extends between the limbs and body of a bat or of gliding mammals.

patch /pæt͡ʃ/ patches n
łata łatka
A piece of cloth, or other suitable material, sewed or otherwise fixed upon a garment to repair or strengthen it, especially upon an old garment to cover a hole.
łata
(computing) A patch file, a file that describes changes to be made to a computer file or files, usually changes made to a computer program that fix a programming bug.
flejtuch
(firearms) A piece of greased cloth or leather used as wrapping for a rifle ball, to make it fit the bore.

patch /pæt͡ʃ/ v
załatać łatać
To mend by sewing on a piece or pieces of cloth, leather, or the like.

patch file patch files n
łata
(computing) A file input to a patch program.
(computing) A file containing changes to be applied to another file or files, usually changes made to a computer program that fix a programming bug.

patchouli /pəˈt͡ʃuli/ patchoulis n
paczulka
Any of several East Indian plants in the genus Pogostemon, especially Pogostemon cablin, which yield a highly fragrant oil.

paten /ˈpætən/ patens n
patena
(Christianity) The plate used to hold the host during the Eucharist.

patent /peɪ-/ /pæ-/ /ˈpeɪ-/ /ˈpeɪtənt/ /ˈpæ-/ /ˈpætənt/ [pʰe̞ɪ-] [pʰæ̝ʔn̩t̚] more patent most patent adj
oczywisty
Explicit and obvious.

patent /peɪ-/ /pæ-/ /ˈpeɪ-/ /ˈpeɪtənt/ /ˈpæ-/ /ˈpætənt/ [pʰe̞ɪ-] [pʰæ̝ʔn̩t̚] patents n
patent
A declaration issued by a government agency that the inventor of a new invention has the sole privilege of making, selling, or using the claimed invention for a specified period.

patent /peɪ-/ /pæ-/ /ˈpeɪ-/ /ˈpeɪtənt/ /ˈpæ-/ /ˈpætənt/ [pʰe̞ɪ-] [pʰæ̝ʔn̩t̚] v
opatentować patentować
To (successfully) register (a new invention) with a government agency to obtain the sole privilege of its manufacture, sale, and use for a specified period.

patent leather patent leathers n
skóra lakierowana
Leather that has been given a high-gloss, shiny finish.

patent troll /ˈpætənt ˌtɹoʊl/ /ˈpætənt ˌtɹəʊl/ patent trolls n
troll patentowy
(patent law, informal, derogatory) A company, person, etc., that owns and enforces patents in an aggressive and opportunistic manner, often with no intention of producing, marketing, or promoting the subjects of the patents.

paternal /pəˈtɜː(ɹ)nəl/ more paternal most paternal adj
ojcowski
Of or pertaining to one's father, his genes, his relatives, or his side of a family.
Fatherly; behaving as or characteristic of a father.
po mieczu
Received or inherited from one's father.

paternal aunt paternal aunts n
ciotka ojczysta stryjenka
A sister of someone’s father.
The wife of a sibling of someone’s father.

paternal grandfather paternal grandfathers n
dziadek ojczysty dziadek po mieczu
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see paternal,‎ grandfather. (This entry is a translation hub.)

paternal uncle paternal uncles n
stryj wujek stryjek wuj
A brother or brother-in-law of one's father. (This entry is a translation hub.)

paternity leave paternity leaves n
urlop ojcowski
A leave of absence from a job for a father to care of a baby.

path /pæθ/ /pɑːθ/ [pʰaθ] [pʰeəθ] [pʰäːθ] [pʰæθ] [pʰɐːθ] [pʰɑːθ] [pʰɛəθ] paths n
ścieżka
A trail for the use of, or worn by, pedestrians.
(computing) A human-readable specification for a location within a hierarchical or tree-like structure, such as a file system or as part of a URL.

path of least resistance n
linia najmniejszego oporu

pathetic /pəˈθɛtɪk/ more pathetic most pathetic adj
żałosne żałosny
Arousing pity, sympathy, or compassion; exciting pathos.
żałosny
Arousing scorn or contempt, often due to miserable inadequacy.

pathogen /ˈpæθəd͡ʒn̩/ pathogens n
patogen
(pathology, immunology) Any organism or substance, especially a microorganism, capable of causing disease, such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa or fungi. Microorganisms are not considered to be pathogenic until they have reached a population size that is large enough to cause disease.

pathogenesis pathogeneses n
patogeneza
The origin and development of a disease.
The mechanism whereby something causes a disease.

pathogenic more pathogenic most pathogenic adj
chorobotwórczy patogenny
(pathology) Able to cause (harmful) disease.

pathological more pathological most pathological adj
patologiczny zwyrodniały
(medicine) Pertaining to pathology.

pathologically more pathologically most pathologically adv
patologicznie
In a pathological manner.

pathologist pathologists n
patolog
An expert in pathology; a specialist who examines samples of body tissues for diagnostic or forensic purpose.

pathology /pəˈθɒləd͡ʒi/ pathologies n
patologia
(academic, _, medicine) The academic biomedical specialty that advances the aspects of the biomedical sciences that allow for those clinical applications and their advancements over time.
Pathosis: any deviation from a healthy or normal structure or function; abnormality; illness or malformation.

pathophysiology pathophysiologies n
fizjologia patologiczna
(pathology) The physiological processes associated with disease or injury.

pathos /ˈpeɪˌθoʊs/ /ˈpeɪˌθɑs/ /ˈpeɪˌθɒs/ /ˈpeɪˌθɔs/ /ˈpæˌθoʊs/ pathoses n
patos
The quality or property of anything which touches the feelings or excites emotions and passions, especially that which awakens tender emotions, such as pity, sorrow, and the like; contagious warmth of feeling, action, or expression; pathetic quality.

patience /ˈpeɪʃəns/ patiences n
cierpliwość
The quality of being patient.
pasjans
Any of various card games that can be played by one person. Called solitaire in the US and Canada.

patience of Job n
anielska cierpliwość
(idiomatic) A great amount of patience.

patient /ˈpeɪʃənt/ more patient most patient patienter patientest adj
cierpliwy
(of a person) Willing to wait if necessary; not losing one's temper while waiting.

patient /ˈpeɪʃənt/ patients n
pacjent pacjentka chory chora
A person or animal who receives treatment from a doctor or other medically educated person.
pacjens
(linguistics, grammar) The noun or noun phrase that is semantically on the receiving end of a verb's action.

patiently /ˈpeɪʃəntli/ more patiently most patiently adv
cierpliwie
In a patient manner.

patina /pəˈtiː.nə/ /ˈpæ.tɪ.nə/ /ˈpætɪnə/ patinae patinas n
patena
(originally) A paten, flat type of dish.
(color) A green colour, tinted with grey, like that of bronze patina.
(figurative) A gloss or superficial layer.
patyna śniedź patena
The colour or incrustation which age and wear give to (mainly metallic) objects; especially, the green rust which covers works of art such as ancient bronzes, coins and medals.

patio /ˈpæti.əʊ/ /ˈpætioʊ/ patios n
weranda
A paved outside area, adjoining a house, used for dining or recreation.
patio
An inner courtyard typical of traditional houses in some regions of Spain.

patisserie patisseries n
cukiernia
(UK) a shop that sells pastries and cakes

patriarch /ˈpeɪtɹɪɑːk/ /ˈpeɪt͡ʃɹiɑɹk/ /ˈpætɹiɑːk/ patriarchs n
patriarcha
(Christianity) The highest form of bishop, in the ancient world having authority over other bishops in the province but now generally as an honorary title; in Roman Catholicism, considered a bishop second only to the Pope in rank. [from 9th c.]
The male head of a household or nuclear family.

patriarchate /ˈpeɪtɹiɑːkət/ /ˈpeɪtɹiˌɑɹkeɪt/ /ˈpeɪtɹiˌɑɹkət/ /ˈpætɹiɑːkət/ patriarchates n
patriarchat
The office or ecclesial jurisdiction of such a patriarch.

patriarchy /ˈpejt͡ʃɹiɑɹki/ /ˈpeɪ̯tɹɪɑːkɪ/ /ˈpætɹɪɑːkɪ/ /ˈpɛjtɹɪjɑːkɪj/ patriarchies n
patriarchat
(anthropology, history) A social system in which the father is head of the household, having authority over women and children, and in which lineage is traced through the male line.
A power structure in which men are dominant.

patrician /pətɹˈɪʃən/ patricians n
patrycjusz patrycjuszka
(Ancient Rome) A member of any of the families constituting the populus Romanus, or body of Roman citizens, before the development of the plebeian order; later, one who, by right of birth or by special privilege conferred, belonged to the senior class of Romans, who, with certain property, had by right a seat in the Roman Senate.

patricide /ˈpætɹɪsaɪd/ patricides n
ojcobójstwo
Murder of one's father.
ojcobójca ojcobójczyni
A murderer of his/her own father.

patriot /ˈpeɪ.tɹi.ət/ /ˈpæ.tɹi.ət/ patriots n
patriota patriotka
A person who loves and zealously supports and defends their country.

patriotic /peɪ.tɹi.ˈɑ.tɪk/ /peɪ.tɹi.ˈɒ.tɪk/ /pæt.ɹi.ˈɒ.tɪk/ more patriotic most patriotic adj
patriotyczny
Inspired by or showing patriotism; done out of love of one's country; zealously and unselfishly devoted to the service of one's country

patriotism /ˈpeɪtɹi.əˌtɪzəm/ /ˈpætɹi.əˌtɪzəm/ patriotisms n
patriotyzm
Love of one's country; devotion to the welfare of one's compatriots; passion which inspires one to serve one's country.

patristic adj
patrystyczny
Of or pertaining to the fathers of the early Christian church, especially their writings.

patristics n
patrystyka
The study of the works of the early Christian Church Fathers.

patrol /pəˈtɹoʊl/ /pəˈtɹəʊl/ patrols n
patrol
(military) A going of the rounds along the chain of sentinels and between the posts, by a guard, usually consisting of three or four men, to insure greater security from attacks on the outposts.
(military) A movement, by a small body of troops beyond the line of outposts, to explore the country and gain intelligence of the enemy's whereabouts.
(military) The guards who go the rounds for observation; a detachment whose duty it is to patrol.

patrology /pəˈtɹɒlədʒi/ patrologies n
patrologia
(theology) the study of the lives and works (especially the writings) of the Church Fathers.

patron saint /ˈpeɪtɹən ˈseɪnt/ patron saints n
święty patron
(Christianity) A saint conceived as the patron (protector or supporter) of a particular place, group, person, or activity, for whom or for which his or her intercession is specially invoked.

patronize /ˈpeɪtɹənaɪz/ /ˈpætɹənaɪz/ v
patronować
(transitive) To act as a patron of; to defend, protect, or support.
wywyższać się
(transitive) To assume a tone of unjustified superiority toward; to talk down to, to treat condescendingly.

pattern /ˈpatn̩/ /ˈpatən/ /ˈpætɚn/ patterns n
blejer wzór
Something from which a copy is made; a model or outline. [from 14th c.]
wykrój
(textiles) The paper or cardboard template from which the parts of a garment are traced onto fabric prior to cutting out and assembling.
deseń wzór
A design, motif or decoration, especially formed from regular repeated elements. [from 16th c.]

pattern recognition n
rozpoznawanie wzorców

patty /ˈpæti/ patties n
hamburger kotlet mielony
(US, Australia, New Zealand) A flattened portion of ground meat or a vegetarian equivalent, usually round but sometimes square in shape.

pattypan squash pattypan squash n
patison
A summer squash of the species Cucurbita pepo, notable for its small size, round and shallow shape, and scalloped edges, which cause it to somewhat resemble a small toy top or a flying saucer.

paucity /ˈpɑ.sɪ.ti/ /ˈpɒs.ɪ.ti/ /ˈpɔs.ɪ.ti/ [ˈpɑ.sɪ.ɾi] [ˈpɔs.ɪ.ɾi] paucities n
niedostatek
Fewness in number; too few.

paunch /pɑːntʃ/ /pɔːnt͡ʃ/ paunches n
bebech
The belly of a human, especially a large, fat protruding one.

paunchy /pˈɔːnt͡ʃi/ paunchier paunchiest adj
brzuchaty
Having a paunch; having a prominent stomach; potbellied.

pauper /ˈpoː.pə/ /ˈpɑ.pɚ/ /ˈpɔ.pɚ/ /ˈpɔː.pə/ paupers n
biedak nędzarz ubogi żebrak
One who is extremely poor.

pause /pɑz/ /pɔz/ /pɔːz/ pauses n
przerwa pauza
A temporary stop or rest; an intermission of action; interruption; suspension; cessation.

pause /pɑz/ /pɔz/ /pɔːz/ v
przerywać pauzować
(intransitive) To hesitate; to hold back; to delay.

pave the way /ˈpeɪv ðə ˈweɪ/ v
torować drogę utorować drogę
(transitive with for) To make future progress or development easier.

pavement /ˈpeɪvmənt/ pavements n
bruk nawierzchnia drogi
(now, chiefly, North America) A paving (paved part) of a road or other thoroughfare; the roadway or road surface. [from 13th c.]

paver /ˈpeɪvɚ/ pavers n
bruk
A flat stone used to pave a pathway, such as a walkway to one's home.
brukarz
One who paves; one who lays pavement.

pavilion /pəˈvɪljən/ pavilions n
pawilon
A structure, sometimes temporary, erected to house exhibits at a fair, etc.
A detached or semi-detached building at a hospital or other building complex.

pavis /ˈpɑv.ɪs/ pavises pavisses n
pawęż
(military, history) A very large shield, like a small moveable wall, carried in front to protect all or most of the bearer's body, often with a projecting ridge running vertically down the center.

pavonine /-nɪn/ /ˈpævəˌnaɪn/ more pavonine most pavonine adj
pawi
Of or pertaining to the genus Pavo or its family Pavonidae, including the peafowl.

paw /poː/ /pɑ/ /pɔ/ /pɔː/ paws n
łapa
The soft foot of a mammal or other animal, generally a quadruped, that has claws or nails; comparable to a human hand or foot.

paw /poː/ /pɑ/ /pɔ/ /pɔː/ v
macać obmacać obmacywać pomacać
(by extension) To touch someone in a sexual way.

pawa pawas n
słuchotka ucho morskie
(New Zealand) An edible univalve mollusc of the genus Haliotis, having a shell lined with mother-of-pearl.

pawl /pɑl/ /pɔːl/ pawls n
zapadka
A pivoted catch designed to fall into a notch on a ratchet wheel so as to allow movement in only one direction (e.g. on a windlass or in a clock mechanism), or alternatively to move the wheel in one direction.
A similar device to prevent motion in other mechanisms besides ratchets.

pawn /pɑn/ /pɑɒn/ /pɔn/ /pɔːn/ pawns n
pionek pion
(chess) The most numerous chess piece, or a similar piece in a similar game. In chess, each side starts with eight; moves are only forward, and attacks are only diagonally or en passant.
pionek
(figurative) Someone who is being manipulated or used to some end.

pawnbroker /ˈpɔːnˌbɹəʊ.kə(ɹ)/ pawnbrokers n
lombardzista
A person who makes monetary loans at interest, taking personal property as security – which may be sold if not redeemed.

pawnshop /ˈpɔnʃɑp/ /ˈpɔːnʃɒp/ pawnshops n
lombard
The business premises of a pawnbroker; where loans are made, with personal property as security

pay /peɪ/ [pʰeɪ] pays n
pensja płaca
Money given in return for work; salary or wages.

pay /peɪ/ [pʰeɪ] v
płacić zapłacić
(transitive) To give money or other compensation to in exchange for goods or services.
(intransitive) To suffer consequences.

pay a visit v
składać wizytę złożyć wizytę
(idiomatic) To visit.

pay attention v
zwracać uwagę zwrócić uwagę
(idiomatic, intransitive) To attend; to be attentive; to focus one's attention.

pay off v
opłacać się opłacić się
(intransitive) To become worthwhile; to produce a net benefit.
opłacać opłacić
(transitive) To pay back; to repay.

pay rise pay rises n
podwyżka
(UK, Ireland, Australia, rest of Commonwealth, sometimes, Canada) An increase in salary or wages.

pay the bills v
płacić rachunki
(idiomatic, of a job) To provide enough income to sustain one's lifestyle.

pay through the nose v
przepłacać przepłacić
(idiomatic) To pay an exorbitant or excessive amount, either in money or in some other manner.

pay-off /ˈpeɪ.ɒf/ /ˈpeɪ.ɔːf/ pay-offs n
spłata
A payment in full; the state of having been paid in full.
A return on investment.
łapówka
A bribe.

paycheck /ˈpeɪ.t͡ʃɛk/ paychecks n
wypłata
(US) Money received on payday as payment for work performed.

payday /ˈpeɪdeɪ/ paydays n
dzień wypłaty
The day of the week or month, or the specific day, on which an employee's wages or salary is paid.

payday loan payday loans n
chwilówka
A small, short-term unsecured loan of money at an extremely high interest rate.

payer /ˈpeɪ.ɚ/ payers n
płatniczka płatnik
One who pays; specifically, the person by whom a bill or note has been, or should be, paid.

payment /ˈpeɪmənt/ payments n
wypłata zapłata opłata płatność
(uncountable) The act of paying.
zapłata
(countable) An instance of that act; a sum of money paid in exchange#Noun for goods or services, or the transaction#Noun that conveys it.

payment card payment cards n
karta płatnicza
(banking) A card, such as a credit card or debit card, which can be used for payment of goods or services.

payment order payment orders n
asygnata
(finance, chiefly, banking) An instruction from a sender to a receiving bank, transmitted orally, electronically, or in writing, to pay, or to cause another bank to pay a fixed and determinable amount of money to a beneficiary.

payphone payphones n
automat automat telefoniczny telefon samoinkasujący
A public telephone that requires prepayment to operate, generally via the insertion of coins or a credit card.

payroll /ˈpeɪɹoʊl/ /ˈpeɪɹəʊl/ payrolls n
lista płac
A list of employees who receive salary or wages, together with the amounts due to each.

payroll tax payroll taxes n
podatek od wynagrodzeń

payslip payslips n
pasek wynagrodzenia
A small document, included with an employee's wage or salary, giving details of money earned and tax and insurance paid.

paywall /ˈpeɪ.wɔːl/ paywalls n
paywall
(informal, computing) A feature of a website, application or service that only allows access to certain content or functions upon payment.

pea /piː/ peas n
groch groszek
Any plant of the family Fabaceae.
(culinary) The edible seed of Pisum sativum; the green pea.
(culinary) The edible seed of various other pea plants.

pea soup more pea soup most pea soup adj
grochówka grochowa zupa grochowa
Of the color of pea soup.

peace /piːs/ peaces n
pokój spokój mir
A state of tranquility, quiet, and harmony; absence of violence.
pokój spokój
Harmony in personal relations.
pokój mir
A state free of war, in particular war between different countries.

peace and quiet n
święty spokój
Tranquility; freedom from stress or interruptions.

peace be upon him /piːs biː əˈpɒn ˈhɪm/ interjection
niech pokój będzie z nim pokój niech będzie z nim
(Islam) an honorific phrase used by Muslims after any mention in speech or print of holy persons
(Judaism) an honorific phrase used by some Jews after mentioning the deceased in speech or print

peace dividend peace dividends n
pokojowa dywidenda

peace of mind n
spokój umysłu
The absence of mental turmoil or anxiety.

peace pipe peace pipes n
fajka pokoju
A tobacco pipe smoked ceremonially in certain Native American cultures that symbolizes peace among those who smoke it, and among whom it is passed around from person to person.

peace sign peace signs n
pacyfa
A hand gesture of peace, made with the middle finger and index finger

peace talks n
rozmowy pokojowe
A series of formal discussions between two or more nation-states or groups of people held to resolve existing conflict between them.

peaceability n
bezkonfliktowość

peaceable /ˈpiːsəb(ə)l/ more peaceable most peaceable adj
bezkonfliktowy
Favouring peace rather than conflict; not aggressive, tending to avoid violence (of people, actions etc.). [from 14th c.]

peaceableness n
bezkonfliktowość

peaceful /ˈpiːsfəl/ more peaceful most peaceful peacefuler peacefulest peacefuller peacefullest adj
pokojowy
Not at war; not disturbed by strife or turmoil.
bezkonfliktowy
Inclined to peace.
spokojny
Motionless and calm.

peacefully /ˈpiːsfəli/ more peacefully most peacefully adv
spokojnie
In a peaceful manner.

peacefulness peacefulnesses n
bezkonfliktowość
The state of being peaceful.

peacekeeper peacekeepers n
stróż bezpieczeństwa
A member of a military force charged with peacekeeping duties in a troublespot.

peacekeeping /ˈpiːskiːpɪŋ/ peacekeepings n
utrzymywanie pokoju
The act of preserving peace, specifically between hostile groups or states, especially by a sanctioned military force. [from 17th c.]

peacemaker /ˈpiːsmeɪkə(ɹ)/ peacemakers n
negocjator pokojowy rozjemca rozjemczyni
A person who restores peace, especially by settling disputes; one who engages in peacemaking.

peacetime /ˈpiːstaɪm/ peacetimes n
okres pokoju okres pokojowy
The period of time when a nation or people is at peace, not fighting a war.

peach /piːt͡ʃ/ peaches n
brzoskwinia
A tree (Prunus persica), native to China and now widely cultivated throughout temperate regions, having pink flowers and edible fruit.
The soft juicy stone fruit of the peach tree, having yellow flesh, downy, red-tinted yellow skin, and a deeply sculptured pit or stone containing a single seed.
brzoskwiniowy brzoskwinia
(color) A light yellow-red colour.

peach blossom peach blossoms n
kwiat brzoskwini
The flower of a peach tree that will eventually turn into a peach.
odrzyca malinówka plamówka malinówka
Thyatira batis, a species of moth.

peach fuzz n
koper
(figuratively) Lightly or sparsely grown hair, especially facial hair.

peacock /ˈpikɑk/ /ˈpiːkɒk/ peacocks n
paw pawica
A peafowl (of the genus Pavo or Afropavo), either male or female.
(entomology) Any of various Asian species of papilionid butterflies of the genus Papilio.

peafowl /ˈpiːˌfaʊl/ peafowls n
paw
A pheasant of the genus Pavo or Afropavo, notable for the extravagant tails of the males; a peacock (unspecified sex).

peahen /ˈpiː.hɛn/ peahens n
pawica
A female peafowl.

peak /piːk/ peaks n
szczyt wierzchołek wierch
(geography) The top, or one of the tops, of a hill, mountain, or range, ending in a point.

peanut /ˈpiˌnʌt/ /ˈpiːnʌt/ peanuts n
orzeszek ziemny arachid fistaszek orzech arachidowy orzech ziemny żydek
A legume resembling a nut, the fruit of the plant Arachis hypogaea, native to South America.

peanut butter /ˈpi.nʌtˌbʌ.tɚ/ /ˈpiːnʌtˌbʌ.tə/ /ˌpiːnʌtˈbʌ.tə/ peanut butters n
masło orzechowe
A spread made from ground peanuts.

peanutty more peanutty most peanutty adj
arachidowy
(informal) Of, or pertaining to, peanuts.

pear /pɛə/ /pɛɚ/ /ˈpiːə(r)/ [pʰeə] pears n
gruszka grusza
A type of fruit tree (Pyrus communis).

pear tree /ˌpɛə ˈtɹiː/ /ˌpɛɚ ˈtɹi/ pear trees n
grusza
A tree of the genus Pyrus, which bears the pears as fruits.

pear-shaped more pear-shaped most pear-shaped adj
gruszkowaty
Having a shape of a (typical western) pear, or in cross-section, like the cross-section of a pear.

pearl /pɜːl/ /pɝl/ [pʰəːɫ] [pʰɚɫ] pearls n
perła
A shelly concretion, usually rounded, and having a brilliant luster, with varying tints, found in the mantle, or between the mantle and shell, of certain bivalve mollusks, especially in the pearl oysters and river mussels, and sometimes in certain univalves. It is usually due to a secretion of shelly substance around some irritating foreign particle. Its substance is the same as nacre, or mother-of-pearl. Round lustrous pearls are used in jewellery.
(figuratively) Something precious.
(uncountable, typography, printing, dated) The size of type between diamond and agate, standardized as 5-point.

pearl barley n
kasza perłowa
Barley that has had the husk and bran removed.

pearl necklace pearl necklaces n
perłowy naszyjnik sznur pereł
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see pearl,‎ necklace.

pearl of wisdom pearls of wisdom n
perły mądrości
(idiomatic, often, sarcastic) A succinct, insightful saying, piece of advice, or moral precept.

pearlwort pearlworts n
karmnik
Any of several flowering plants that have flowers the shape and size of small pearls:

pearly antshrike pearly antshrikes n
chronka perlista
Megastictus margaritatus, a passerine bird of the antbird family, native to South America.

peasant /ˈpɛzənt/ peasants n
chłop włościanin chłopka włościanka
A member of the lowly social class that toils on the land, constituted by small farmers and tenants, sharecroppers, farmhands and other laborers on the land where they form the main labor force in agriculture and horticulture.
wieśniak
(pejorative) An uncouth, crude or ill-bred person.

peasantly more peasantly most peasantly adj
chamsko wieśniacko
Like a peasant.

peasantry /ˈpɛzəntɹi/ peasantries n
chłopstwo
(historical) Impoverished rural farm workers, either as serfs, small freeholders or hired hands.

peashooter /ˈpiˌʃutəɹ/ /ˈpiːˌʃuːtə(ɹ)/ [-ɾəɹ] peashooters n
pukawka
(weaponry, slang) Any small or ineffective gun or weapon.

peat /piːt/ peats n
torf
Soil formed of dead but not fully decayed plants found in bog areas, often burned as fuel. [from 14th c.]

peatland peatlands n
torfowisko

pebble /ˈpɛb.əl/ pebbles n
kamyk kamyczek
A small stone, especially one rounded by the action of water.
otoczak
(geology) A particle from 4 to 64 mm in diameter, following the Wentworth scale.

pecan /piːˈkæn/ /piːˈkɑːn/ /pəˈkɑːn/ /pəˈkɒn/ /pəˈkɔːn/ /pɪˈkæn/ /pɪˈkɑːn/ /pɪˈkɔːn/ /ˈpiːkæn/ /ˈpiːkɑːn/ /ˈpiːkən/ /ˈpɪkæn/ pecans n
orzesznik jadalny pekan
A smooth, thin-shelled, edible oval nut of this tree.

peck /pɛk/ pecks n
cmoknięcie
A small kiss.

peck /pɛk/ v
dziobać
To seize and pick up with the beak, or as if with the beak; to bite; to eat; often with up.

pecking order pecking orders n
porządek dziobania
The usually informal hierarchy of authority or command, often partial or approximate, as determined by the especially natural propensity for domination of different members of a specific group over each other, such as older brothers and sisters over their younger siblings.

peckish /ˈpek.ɪʃ/ /ˈpɛk.ɪʃ/ more peckish most peckish adj
głodnawy
(colloquial) mildly hungry

pectin /ˈpɛktɪn/ pectins n
pektyna
(carbohydrate) A polysaccharide extracted from the cell walls of plants, especially of fruits; under acidic conditions it forms a gel. It is often used in processed foods, especially jellies and jams where it causes thickening (setting).

pectoral /pɛkˈtoɹəl/ /ˈpɛk.tə.ɹəl/ adj
piersiowy
Of or pertaining to the breast, or chest.

pectoral sandpiper pectoral sandpipers n
biegus arktyczny
Calidris melanotos, a small migratory wader that breeds in North America and Asia, wintering in South America and Oceania, and eats small invertebrates.

peculiar /pəˈkjul.jɚ/ /pəˈkjuː.li.ə/ /pɪˈkjul.jɚ/ /pɪˈkjuː.li.ə/ /pɪˈkjʉː.li.ə/ more peculiar most peculiar adj
osobliwy
Out of the ordinary; odd; strange; unusual.

peculiarity /pɪˌkjuliˈɛɹɪti/ /pɪˌkjuːliˈæɹɪti/ peculiarities n
specyfika swoistość
That which is peculiar; a special and distinctive characteristic or habit; particularity.

peculiarly /pɪˈkjuljɚli/ /pɪˈkjuːljəli/ more peculiarly most peculiarly adv
specyficznie szczególnie
Such as to be greater than usual; particularly; exceptionally.
dziwnie osobliwie
(evaluative) Such as to be strange or odd.
Such as to be strange or odd.

pecuniary /pəˈkjuniɛɹi/ /pɪˈkjuːn(jə)ɹi/ adj
pieniężny walutowy
Of, or relating to, money; monetary, financial.

pedagogical more pedagogical most pedagogical adj
pedagogiczny
Of, or relating to pedagogy; teaching.
wyniosły
Haughty and formal.

pedagogue /ˈpɛdəɡɒɡ/ pedagogues n
pedagog pedagożka
A teacher or instructor of children; one whose occupation is to teach the young.

pedagogy /ˈpɛdəˌɡoʊd͡ʒi/ /ˈpɛdəˌɡɑd͡ʒi/ /ˈpɛdəˌɡɒd͡ʒi/ /ˈpɛdəˌɡɒɡi/ pedagogies n
pedagogika
The profession of teaching.

pedal /ˈpiːdəl/ /ˈpɛdəl/ adj
nożny
Of or relating to the foot.

pedal /ˈpiːdəl/ /ˈpɛdəl/ pedals n
pedał
A lever operated by one's foot that is used to control or power a machine or mechanism, such as a bicycle or piano

pedal /ˈpiːdəl/ /ˈpɛdəl/ v
pedałować
To operate a pedal attached to a wheel in a continuous circular motion.

pedal point pedal points n
nuta pedałowa
(music) A sustained bass pitch.

pedal pushers /ˈpɛdl̩ ˌpʊʃəz/ /ˈpɛdəl ˌpʊʃɚz/ n
rybaczki
(originally, US) Women's casual trousers, usually fairly form-fitting, that end at the calves. [from mid 20th c.]

pedalo /ˈpɛdələʊ/ pedaloes pedalos n
rower wodny
(UK, watercraft) A small boat propelled by pedals that directly turn external paddles, used for recreation.

pedant /ˈpɛdənt/ pedants n
pedant pedantka
A person who is overly concerned with formal rules and trivial points of learning.

pedantry /ˈpɛd.ən.tɹi/ pedantries n
pedanteria
An excessive attention to detail or rules.

peddle /ˈpɛdəl/ v
rozpowszechniać
(derogatory, figuratively) To spread or cause to spread.

peddler peddlers n
domokrążca
An itinerant seller of small goods.

pedelec pedelecs n
Pedelec
(informal) A bicycle with an electric motor which assists the rider but only while they are pedalling.

pederast /ˈpi.də.ɹæst/ /ˈpɛd.ɚ.ɹæst/ pederasts n
pederasta
A man who is engaged in an erotic relationship with an adolescent boy; a practitioner of pederasty.

pederasty /ˈpi.də.ɹæs.ti/ /ˈpɛd.ə.ɹæs.ti/ /ˈpɛd.ə.ɹəs.ti/ pederasties n
pederastia efebofilia
Erotic love, sexually expressed or chaste, between a man and an adolescent boy.
(archaic) Anal intercourse in general, usually between a man and an adolescent boy.

pedestal /ˈpɛdɪstəl/ pedestals n
piedestał postument
(architecture) The base or foot of a column, statue, vase, lamp.

pedestrian /pəˈdɛst.ɹi.ən/ more pedestrian most pedestrian adj
pieszy dla pieszych
(not comparable) Of or intended for those who are walking.
przyziemny
(comparable, figurative) Ordinary, dull; everyday; unexceptional.

pedestrian /pəˈdɛst.ɹi.ən/ pedestrians n
pieszy
A walker; one who walks or goes on foot, especially as opposed to one who uses a vehicle.

pedestrian crossing pedestrian crossings n
przejście dla pieszych
A place where pedestrians are permitted to or advised to cross a street.

pedestrian precinct pedestrian precincts n
deptak strefa dla pieszych
An area in a town or city intended for pedestrians only, where vehicles (in particular motor vehicles) are not normally allowed.

pediatrician /piːdɪəˈtɹɪʃ(ə)n/ /ˌpidi.əˈtɹɪʃ(ə)n/ pediatricians n
pediatra
(American spelling) A physician that specializes in pediatrics; the medical care of infants, children, adolescents, and young adults.

pediatrics /ˌpidiˈætɹɪks/ /ˌpiːdɪˈætɹɪks/ n
pediatria
(American spelling, medicine) The branch of medicine that deals with the treatment of children and adolescents.

pedicel /ˈpɛd.əˌsɛl/ /ˈpɛd.ɪs.əl/ pedicels n
szypułka
(botany) A stalk of an individual flower (or fruit, e.g., once fertilised); a stalk bearing a single flower or spore-producing body within a cluster.

pediculosis pediculoses n
wszawica

pedicure /ˈpɛ.dɪ.kjʊɹ/ pedicures n
pedicure pedikiur
A cosmetic treatment for the feet and toenails.

pedigree /ˈpɛd.ɪ.ɡɹi/ pedigrees n
rodowód
A chart, list, or record of ancestors, to show breeding, especially distinguished breeding. [from 15th c.]

pediment /ˈpɛd.ɪ.mənt/ pediments n
fronton przyczółek
(architectural element) A classical architectural element consisting of a triangular section or gable found above the horizontal superstructure (entablature) which lies immediately upon the columns; fronton.

pedipalp pedipalps n
szczękonóżka
(zoology) Either of a second pair of appendages near the mouth of many arachnids, variously specialized as pincers, sensory or locomotory organs.

pedologist pedologists n
gleboznawca

pedometer /pɪˈdɑmətɚ/ /pɪˈdɒmətə/ pedometers n
krokomierz
A device, often electronic, that measures the number of steps taken, and thus estimates the distance walked.

pedophile /ˈpe.dəˌfɑel/ /ˈpiː.dəˌfaɪl/ /ˈpɛ.doʊˌfaɪl/ /ˈpɛ.dəʉˌfɑel/ /ˈpɛ.dəˌfaɪl/ pedophiles n
pedofil
(by extension, common use) An adult who is sexually attracted to or engages in sexual acts with a child.

pedophilia /ˌpe.dəˈfɪ.li.ə/ /ˌpiː.dəˈfɪ.li.ə/ /ˌpɛ.dəˈfi.li.ə/ pedophilias n
pedofilia
Sexual attraction by adults and adolescents to children, specifically prepubescent children.
(by extension, proscribed) Sexual activity between adults and children; the act of child molestation.

pedophilic more pedophilic most pedophilic adj
pedofilski
Of, relating to, or pertaining to pedophilia.

pedosexual adj
pedoseksualny
(uncommon, of an act or behavior) Being or constituting pedosexuality, sexual activity between an adult and a child.

peduncle /pɪˈdʌŋ.k(ə)l/ peduncles n
szypuła
(botany) The axis of an inflorescence; the stalk supporting an inflorescence.

pedunculate oak pedunculate oaks n
dąb szypułkowy
A large deciduous tree, Quercus robur

pee /ˈpiː/ pees n
siusiu siki
pe
The name of the Latin-script letter P.

pee /ˈpiː/ v
sikać siusiać

peekaboo n
a kuku
(games) A game for a small child in which one covers one's face, then suddenly reveals it, saying "Boo!" or "Peekaboo!".

peel /piːl/ [pʰiəɫ] [pʰiːɫ] peels n
skórka obierek obierka obierzyna
(usually, uncountable) The skin or outer layer of a fruit, vegetable, etc.
lofer łopata
A shovel or similar instrument, now especially a pole with a flat disc at the end used for removing pizza or loaves of bread from a baker's oven.
peeling
(countable) A cosmetic preparation designed to remove dead skin or to exfoliate.

peel /piːl/ [pʰiəɫ] [pʰiːɫ] v
obierać
(transitive) To remove the skin or outer covering of.

peeler /ˈpiːlə/ /ˈpiːlɚ/ peelers n
obieraczka
A household utensil for peeling fruit or vegetables.

peen /piːn/ peens n
rąb
The (often spherical) end of the head of a hammer opposite the main hammering end.

peephole /piphoʊl/ /piːphəʊl/ [pʰiphoʊɫ] peepholes n
judasz wizjer
A small hole, opening, or piece of glass, especially in a door, through which one can look without being seen.

peer /pɪə/ /pɪɹ/ peers n
jednolatek jednolatka rówieśnica rówieśniczka rówieśnik
Someone who is approximately the same age (as someone else).
par
A noble with a title, i.e., a peerage, and in times past, with certain rights and privileges not enjoyed by commoners.
kolega koleżanka
A comrade; a companion; an associate.

peer pressure n
presja rówieśnicza presja rówieśników
Inducement or influence by one's peers.

peer review peer reviews n
recenzowanie
(education) The scholarly process whereby manuscripts intended to be published in an academic journal are reviewed by independent researchers (referees) to evaluate the contribution, i.e. the importance, novelty and accuracy of the manuscript's contents.

peer-reviewed journal peer-reviewed journals n
recenzowane czasopismo naukowe

peerless more peerless most peerless adj
bezkonkurencyjny
Without peer or equal; unparalleled, nonpareil. Of the highest quality, best.

peerlessly adv
bezkonkurencyjnie

peg /pɛɡ/ [pʰɛɡ] pegs n
kołek
A cylindrical wooden or metal object used to fasten or as a bearing between objects.
klamerka spinacz
Ellipsis of clothes peg.

pegasus pegasi pegasuses n
pegaz
A winged horse (imaginary or mythical, sometimes figurative).

peignoir peignoirs n
peniuar
A long outer garment for women, usually sheer and made of chiffon and often sold with matching nightgown, negligee or underwear

pejorative /pəˈd͡ʒɔɹətəv/ /pɪˈd͡ʒɑɹətɪv/ /pɪˈd͡ʒɒɹətɪv/ /pɪˈd͡ʒɔɹətɪv/ more pejorative most pejorative adj
pejoratywny
Disparaging, belittling or derogatory.

pelargonium pelargonia pelargoniums n
pelargonia muszkatel
Any of various flowering plants of the genus Pelargonium, commonly called geraniums.

peled peled peleds n
peluga
The Coregonus peled, a whitefish of the Salmonidae family, endemic to Northern Europe and Russia.

pelerine /pɛləˈɹiːn/ pelerines n
peleryna

pelican /ˈpɛl.ə.kən/ /ˈpɛl.ɪ.kən/ pelicans n
pelikan
Any of various seabirds of the family Pelecanidae, having a long bill with a distendable pouch.

pell-mell /ˈpɛlˈmɛl/ more pell-mell most pell-mell adj
bezładny
Hasty and uncontrolled.

pell-mell /ˈpɛlˈmɛl/ adv
bezładnie na łeb, na szyję
In haste and chaos; uncontrolledly, confusedly.

pellet /ˈpɛlɪt/ pellets n
granulka
A small, compressed, hard chunk of matter.
śrut
A lead projectile used as ammunition in rifled air guns.

pelmeni n
pielmeni pielmeń
Russian dumplings resembling ravioli.

peloton /ˈpɛlətɒn/ /ˌpɛləˈtɑn/ pelotons n
peleton
(cycle racing) A group of riders formed during a cycling road race; especially, the main group of riders; the pack.

pelt /pɛlt/ pelts n
skóra
The skin of an animal with the hair or wool on; either a raw or undressed hide, or a skin preserved with the hair or wool on it (sometimes worn as a garment with minimal modification).
(chiefly, Ireland, humorous, informal) Human skin, especially when bare; also, a person's hair.

pelt /pɛlt/ v
obrzucać obrzucić
To bombard (someone or something) with missiles.
To force (someone or something) to move using blows or the throwing of missiles.

peltmonger peltmongers n
kuśnierz futrzarka futrzarz kuśnierka
A dealer in pelts (animal skins).

pelvic /ˈpɛlvɪk/ adj
miednicowy
Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the pelvis

pelvic floor pelvic floors n
przepona miednicy
(anatomy) A muscular partition, formed by the muscle fibers of the levator ani, the coccygeus, and associated connective tissue, which spans the area underneath the pelvis.

pelvis /ˈpɛlvɪs/ pelves pelvises n
miednica
(anatomy) The large compound bone structure at the base of the spine that supports the legs. It consists of hip bone, sacrum and coccyx.

pemmican /ˈpɛmɪkən/ pemmicans n
pemikan
A food made from meat which has been dried and beaten into a paste, mixed with berries and rendered fat, and shaped into little patties. [from 18th c.]

pen /pɛn/ /pɪn/ pens n
wybieg
An enclosure (enclosed area) used to contain domesticated animals, especially sheep or cattle.
pióro długopis
A tool, originally made from a feather but now usually a small tubular instrument, containing ink used to write or make marks.
łabędzica
A female swan.

pen /pɛn/ /pɪn/ v
pisać
(transitive) To write (an article, a book, etc.).

pen name pen names n
literacki pseudonim
A fictitious name used by an author in place of their actual name; a writer's pseudonym.

pen pal pen pals n
przyjaciel korespondencyjny przyjaciółka korespondencyjna
A friend with whom one communicates using letters, usually over a long distance.

penal /ˈpiːnəl/ adj
karny
Of or relating to punishment.

penalty /ˈpɛnəlti/ penalties n
kara
A legal sentence.
(ice hockey) A punishment for an infraction of the rules, often in the form of being removed from play for a specified amount of time.

penalty area penalty areas n
pole karne
(football, futsal) An area of a pitch or field, inside which a penalty is given to the offensive team if a foul is made by the defensive team.

penalty goal penalty goals n
bramka strzelona z rzutu karnego bramka z rzutu karnego bramka zdobyta z rzutu karnego gol strzelony z rzutu karnego gol z rzutu karnego gol zdobyty z rzutu karnego
(ice hockey, soccer, rugby) A goal scored from a penalty.

penalty kick penalty kicks n
rzut karny
(soccer) A form of direct free kick, taken from the penalty spot after a defensive foul in the penalty box, with only the goalkeeper defending the goal.

penalty shootout penalty shootouts n
seria rzutów karnych
(football, field hockey) A series of penalties (penalty kicks in soccer), taken to decide a winner after a game has resulted in a tie and extra time has been played.

penalty shot penalty shots n
rzut karny
(ice hockey) A penalty awarded when a team loses a clear scoring opportunity on a breakaway because of a foul committed by an opposing player. A player from the non-offending team is given an attempt to score a goal without opposition from any defending players except the goaltender.

penance /ˈpɛn.əns/ penances n
pokuta
A voluntary self-imposed punishment for a sinful act or wrongdoing. It may be intended to serve as reparation for the act.

penchant /ˈpɒnʃɒn/ /ˈpɛnt͡ʃənt/ [ˈpɑ̃ʃɑ̃] penchants n
skłonność smykałka
Taste, liking, or inclination (for).

pencil /ˈpɛnsəl/ /ˈpɛnsɪl/ /ˈpɛntsəl/ pencils n
ołówek
A writing utensil with a graphite (commonly referred to as lead) shaft, usually blended with clay, clad in wood, and sharpened to a taper. [from 16th c.]

pencil case /ˈpɛnsəl ˌkeɪs/ /ˈpɛnsɪl ˌkeɪs/ pencil cases n
piórnik
An object purposed to contain different stationery like pencil, rubber, correction fluid, etc.

pencil pusher pencil pushers n
biurokrata gryzipiórek urzędas zarękawek
(informal, often, derogatory) One who does routine office work; someone involved mainly in paperwork.

pencil sharpener pencil sharpeners n
temperówka
A device used to sharpen pencils by shaving the wood at one end.

pendant /ˈpɛnd(ə)nt/ pendants n
wisiorek brelok wisior
A piece of jewellery which hangs down as an ornament, especially worn on a chain around the neck. [from 15th c.]

penduline tit penduline tits n
remizy
Any of the family of small passerine birds Remizidae, which nearly all make nests which hang from trees; found in Eurasia, Africa, and North America.

pendulum /ˈpɛnd͡ʒələm/ /ˈpɪnd͡ʒələm/ pendula pendulums n
wahadło
(clocks, mechanics) A body suspended from a fixed support so that it swings freely back and forth under the influence of gravity, commonly used to regulate various devices such as clocks.

pendulum clock pendulum clocks n
zegar wahadłowy
Any clock that uses a pendulum to regulate its movement

penetrable /ˈpɛnətɹəbəl/ more penetrable most penetrable adj
penetrowalny
Capable of being penetrated, entered, or pierced.

penetrate /ˈpɛnətɹeɪt/ /ˈpɛnɪtɹeɪt/ v
penetrować przenikać przeniknąć spenetrować
To enter into; to make way into the interior of; to pierce.
penetrować spenetrować
To insert the penis into an orifice, such as a vagina, mouth, or anus.

penetration /pɛnɪˈtɹeɪʃ(ə)n/ penetrations n
penetracja
The act of penetrating something. [from 15th c.]

penguin /ˈpɛŋɡwɪn/ /ˈpɪŋɡwɪn/ penguins n
pingwin bezlotek
Any of several flightless sea birds, of order Sphenisciformes, found in the Southern Hemisphere, marked by their usual upright stance, walking on short legs, and (generally) their stark black and white plumage. [from 16th c.]

penguinarium penguinariums n
pingwinarium
A vivarium for penguins.

peniaphobia n
peniafobia
The fear of poverty or poor people.

penicillin /ˌpɛn.ɪˈsɪl.ɪn/ penicillins n
penicylina
(pharmaceutical drug) Any of a group of narrow-spectrum antibiotics obtained from Penicillium molds or synthesized, that have a beta-lactam structure and are active against gram-positive bacteria and used in the treatment of various infections and diseases.

penile /ˈpiː.naɪ.əl/ /ˈpiː.nəl/ adj
penisowy prąciowy
Pertaining to the penis. [from 19th c.]

peninsula /pəˈnɪn.sjə.lə/ /pəˈnɪn.sə.lə/ /pəˈnɪn.ʃə.lə/ /ˈpɛn.ɪn.sjʊ.lə/ peninsulae peninsulas n
półwysep
(geography) A piece of land projecting into water from a larger land mass.

peninsular /pəˈnɪn.sjə.lə(ɹ)/ /pəˈnɪn.sə.ləɹ/ /pəˈnɪn.ʃə.lə(ɹ)/ /ˈpɛn.ɪn.sjʊ.lə(ɹ)/ more peninsular most peninsular adj
półwyspowy
Of, pertaining to, resembling, or connected with a peninsula.

penis /ˈpi.nɪs/ /ˈpiː.nɪs/ [ˈpʰi.nɪs] [ˈpʰiː.nɪs] penes penises n
penis prącie członek kutas

penis envy n
zazdrość o członek
(psychoanalysis) The unconscious desire of a woman to possess a penis.

penitent /ˈpɛnɪtənt/ penitents n
penitent penitentka
One under the direction of a confessor.

penitente penitentes n
penitent
A tall thin blade of hardened snow or ice, found closely spaced in large quantities at high altitudes.

penitentiary /ˌpɛnɪˈtɛnʃəɹi/ adj
więzienny
Of or relating to the punishment of criminals.

penknife penknives n
scyzoryk

pennant /ˈpɛnənt/ pennants n
proporzec
A flag normally used by naval vessels to represent a special condition.

penniless /ˈpɛ.nɪ.ləs/ adj
bez grosza przy duszy
Lacking even the smallest amount of money.

pennon /ˈpɛnən/ pennons n
proporzec
A thin, often triangular flag or streamer, especially as hung from the end of a lance or spear.

penny farthing penny farthings n
bicykl
A type of bicycle popular in the 19th century, with the front wheel far larger than the rear one.

penny for your thoughts /ˈpɛn.i fɔɹ jʊɹ ˈθɑts/ /ˈpɛn.i fɔɹ jʊɹ ˈθɔts/ /ˈpɛn.i fɔː jɔː ˈθɔːts/ /ˈpɛn.i fəː jəː ˈθɔːts/ /ˈpɛn.i fɚ jɚ ˈθɑts/ phraseologicalUnit
grosik za twoje myśli
(idiomatic) Used to inquire into the thoughts and feelings of another, especially when the person appears pensive or conflicted.

pension /pɑnˈsjoʊn/ /pɑ̃ˈsjɔ̃/ /ˈpɒ̃sjɒ̃/ pensions n
pensjonat
A boarding house or small hotel, especially in continental Europe, which typically offers lodging and certain meals and services. [from 17th c.]

pension /ˈpɛnʃən/ pensions n
emerytura
An annuity paid regularly as benefit due to a retired employee, serviceman etc. in consideration of past services, originally and chiefly by a government but also by various private pension schemes. [from 16th c.]

pension plan pension plans n
plan emerytalny program emerytalny

pensioner /ˈpɛnʃənə/ /ˈpɛnʃənɚ/ pensioners n
emeryt emerytka
Someone who lives on a pension, especially the retirement or old age pension.

pensive /ˈpɛn.sɪv/ more pensive most pensive adj
zamyślony zadumany
Having the appearance of deep, often melancholic, thinking.

penta- /pɛntæ-/ /pɛntə-/ prefix
penta-
five

pentachloride pentachlorides n
pentachlorek
(chemistry) any chloride containing five chlorine atoms in each molecule

pentacontagon pentacontagons n
50[[kąt|-okąt]]
(mathematics) A 50-sided polygon.

pentadecagon /ˌpɛntəˈdɛkəɡən/ pentadecagons n
piętnastokąt
A polygon with fifteen sides.

pentadecahedron pentadecahedra pentadecahedrons n
piętnastościan

pentadecane pentadecanes n
pentadekan

pentagon /ˈpɛn.tə.ɡɑn/ /ˈpɛn.tə.ɡɒn/ /ˈpɛn.tə.ɡən/ pentagons n
pięciokąt
(geometry) A polygon with five sides and five angles.

pentagram /ˈpɛn.tə.ɡɹæm/ pentagrams n
pentagram gwiazda pitagorejska
The shape of a five-pointed star constructed of five intersecting lines meeting at the vertices, such that a central pentagon and five surrounding isosceles triangles are formed; often with magical connotations; a 5/2 (or 5/3) star polygon.

pentakis dodecahedron pentakis dodecahedra n
dwunastościan Pentakisa
(mathematics) A Catalan solid equivalent to a dodecahedron with a pentagonal pyramid covering each face

pentalingual adj
pięciojęzyczny
Written in or otherwise expressed through five languages.
Able to use five languages.

pentalogy pentalogies n
pentalogia
A set of five works of art that are connected, and that can be seen either as a single work or as five individual works.

pentameter /pɛnˈtæmɪtə(ɹ)/ pentameters n
pentametr pięciostopowiec
(poetry) Poetic metre in which each line has five feet.

pentasyllabic /ˌpen.tə.sɪˈlæb.ɪk/ /ˌpɛn.tə.sɪˈlæb.ɪk/ adj
pięciogłoskowy
Having five syllables.

pentathlete /ˈpɛn.tæθ.lit/ pentathletes n
pięcioboista pięcioboistka wieloboista wieloboistka
(athletics) An athlete who competes in the pentathlon

pentathlon pentathla pentathlons n
pięciobój
(athletics) Ellipsis of modern pentathlon.; a discipline with five events based on late-19th century basic military skills

pentatomic adj
pięcioatomowy
(chemistry) Having five atoms in each molecule.

pentatonic scale pentatonic scales n
skala pentatoniczna
(music) A scale having five notes per octave.

penthouse /ˈpɛnt(h)aʊs/ penthouses n
przybudówka
(now, historical) A structure or annexe (especially one with a sloping roof) extending from the side of a building, sometimes as protection from the weather. [from 14th c.]

pentimento /ˌpɛntəˈmɛnti/ /ˌpɛntəˈmɛntoʊ/ /ˌpɛntɪˈmɛnti/ /ˌpɛntɪˈmɛntəʊ/ [-ɾi] [-ɾoʊ] [-ɾə-] pentimenti n
pentimento
(art, literature) The presence of traces of a previous work in an artistic or literary work; especially (painting) an image which has been painted over but is still detectable.

penultimate /pɪˈnʌltɪmət/ adj
przedostatni
(UK, in, _, US, _, usually, formal) Next to last, second to last; immediately preceding the end of a sequence, list, etc.

penumbra /pəˈnʌm.bɹə/ penumbrae penumbras penumbræ n
półcień
A partially shaded area around the edges of a shadow, especially an eclipse.

peon /pjuːn/ /pɪˈuːn/ /ˈpeɪ.ɑn/ /ˈpeɪ.ɒn/ /ˈpi.ɑn/ /ˈpiː.ən/ peones peons n
wyrobnik
A lowly person; a peasant or serf; a labourer who is obliged to do menial work.

peonage /ˈpiːənɪdʒ/ peonages n
peonaż
The state of being a peon; the system of paying back debt through servitude and labour; loosely, any system of involuntary servitude.

peony /ˈpiːəni/ peonies n
piwonia peonia
A flowering plant of the genus Paeonia with large fragrant flowers.

people /ˈpipl̩/ /ˈpipəl/ /ˈpiːpl̩/ /ˈpiːpəl/ [ˈpʰipɫ̩] peoples n
ludzie
a body of persons considered generally or collectively; a group of two or more persons.
lud naród
(countable, collective) Persons forming or belonging to a particular group, such as a nation, class, ethnic group, country, family, etc.
The mass of a community as distinguished from a special class (elite); the commonalty; the populace; the vulgar; the common crowd; the citizens.
ludzie naród
A group of persons regarded as being servants, followers, companions or subjects of a ruler or leader.
ogół
A person's ancestors, relatives or family.

people person people people people persons n
towarzyska osoba
(idiomatic) One who interacts skilfully with other people and who receives satisfaction from such interaction.

people who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones proverb
nie sądźcie, a nie będziecie sądzeni źdźbło w oku bliźniego widzisz, a belki w swoim nie dostrzegasz
Do not criticize others if you have similar weaknesses yourself.

people's /ˈpiːpəlz/ adj
ludowy narodowy
In certain socialist states: of, from, or controlled (at least in name) by the common people rather than a ruling elite.

people's democracy people's democracies n
demokracja ludowa

people's party people's parties n
partia ludowa
(politics) A political party, its designation normally reflecting a focus on people.

peopleless more peopleless most peopleless adj
bezludny
(rare) Having no people; uninhabited

peoplelessness n
bezludność

peot n
pejs
Sidelocks worn by Hasidic and Orthodox male Jews.

pep /pɛp/ peps n
energia wigor
Energy, high spirits.

pepper /ˈpɛpə/ /ˈpɛpɚ/ peppers n
pieprz
A plant of the family Piperaceae.
(uncountable) A spice prepared from the fermented, dried, unripe berries of this plant.
papryka chili papryka ostra
(UK, US, Ireland, and, Canada) A bell pepper, a fruit of the capsicum plant: red, green, yellow or white, hollow and containing seeds, and in very spicy and mild varieties.

pepper /ˈpɛpə/ /ˈpɛpɚ/ v
pieprzyć
(transitive) To add pepper to.

pepper mill pepper mills n
młynek do pieprzu
A small handheld grinder containing a supply of peppercorns for grinding fresh at the table or in the kitchen.

pepper pot pepper pots n
pieprzniczka
A small container with a perforated top used for sprinkling ground pepper

pepper shaker /ˈpɛpə(ɹ) ˌʃeɪkə(ɹ)/ pepper shakers n
pieprzniczka
A small container designed to hold pepper and facilitate sprinkling it on food for seasoning purposes.

pepper spray pepper sprays n
gaz pieprzowy
A non-lethal chemical agent derived from peppers used in riot control and personal self-defense.

peppercorn /ˈpɛpəkɔːn/ /ˈpɛpɚkɔɹn/ peppercorns n
pieprz
The seeds of the plant Piper nigrum. Commonly used as a spice, usually but not always ground or crushed.

peppermint /ˈpɛpəˌmɪnt/ /ˈpɛpɚˌmɪnt/ peppermints n
mięta pieprzowa
A hybrid herb of the mint family (Mentha × piperita), formed by crossing watermint and spearmint, which has a high menthol content and a sharp flavor and is used in cooking, especially in herb teas and in confections. [from 17th c.]
mięta pieprzowa miętówka
(countable) Any of various sweets containing extract of the peppermint herb; peppermint confectionery. [from 19th c.]

pepperoni /pɛpəˈɹoʊni/ pepperoni pepperonis n
pepperoni
A spicy salami-style Italian-American sausage made from cured pork and beef seasoned with pepper.
Pizza with only tomato sauce, cheese and pepperoni toppings.

pepperwort /ˈpɛpəwəːt/ pepperworts n
pieprzyca
Any of several species of perennial plant in the genus Lepidium (originally specifically dittander, species Lepidium latifolium), which is a member of the mustard and cabbage family. [from 16th c.]

pepsin /ˈpɛpsɪn/ pepsins n
pepsyna
(enzyme) A digestive enzyme that chemically digests, or breaks down, proteins into shorter chains of amino acids.

peptic ulcer peptic ulcers n
choroba wrzodowa
(pathology) An ulcer of an area of the gastrointestinal tract.

peptide /ˈpɛptaɪd/ peptides n
peptyd
(organic compound) Any of a class of organic compounds consisting of various numbers of amino acids in which the amine of one is reacted with the carboxylic acid of the next to form an amide bond.

peptide bond peptide bonds n
wiązanie peptydowe
(chemistry) An amide bond formed between the amino and carboxyl functional groups of separate amino acids.

per /pɜː(ɹ)/ /pɝ/ preposition
na od
For each.
na zgodnie z
In accordance with, as per

per capita adj
per capita
per person

per diem /pɚˈdaɪ.əm/ /pɚˈdi.əm/ per diems n
dieta
A daily stipend.

per procurationem adv
per procura
(legal) by the agency of, especially when signing a letter in place of someone else

per se /pəˈseɪ/ /pəˈsæɪ/ /pɚˈseɪ/ /pɚˈsiː/ adv
per se sam z siebie
Without determination by or involvement of extraneous factors; by its very nature.

perambulate /pəɹˈæmbjəˌleɪt/ /pəɹˈæmbjʊˌleɪt/ v
przechadzać się
(intransitive) To walk about, roam or stroll.

percale /pəˈkeɪl/ /pəˈkɑːl/ percales n
perkal
(textiles) A fine, closely woven fabric, made from cotton, polyester or a mix of these, and used for sheets and clothing.

perceive /pəˈsiːv/ /pɚˈsiv/ v
dostrzec dostrzegać
(transitive) To become aware of, through the physical senses, to see; to understand.

percent /pəˈsɛnt/ /pɚˈsɛnt/ percent percents n
procent
A percentage, a proportion (especially per hundred).
One part per hundred; one percent, hundredth. [from 19th c.]

percentage /pəˈsɛntɪd͡ʒ/ /pɚˈsɛntɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈpɚsɛnt(e)ɪd͡ʒ/ percentages n
procent
The amount, number or rate of something, regarded as part of a total of 100; a part of a whole.
A share of the sales, profits, gross margin or similar.
korzyść
(informal) Benefit or advantage.

perception /pəˈsɛpʃn̩/ /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/ perceptions n
percepcja postrzeganie spostrzeganie
Conscious understanding of something.

perch /pɜːtʃ/ /pɝt͡ʃ/ perch perches n
okoń
Any of the three species of spiny-finned freshwater fish in the genus Perca.
żerdź grzęda
A rod, staff, tree branch, ledge, etc., used as a roost by a bird.

perchlorate /pə(ɹ)ˈklɔːɹeɪt/ perchlorates n
nadchloran
(chemistry) any salt of perchloric acid; used in pyrotechnics and as powerful oxidizing agents.

percolate /ˈpɜːkəleɪt/ /ˈpɝkjəleɪt/ /ˈpɝkəleɪt/ v
przesączyć
(transitive) To pass a liquid through a porous substance; to filter.

percolation theory percolation theories n
teoria perkolacji

percussion /pɚˈkʌʃən/ percussions n
perkusja
(music) The section of an orchestra or band containing percussion instruments; such instruments considered as a group; in bands, may be separate from drum kits.

percussion cap percussion caps n
kapiszon
a metal cap found on muzzleloading firearms that contains chemical substances such as fulminate that explode upon impact

percussion instrument percussion instruments n
instrument perkusyjny
(music) An instrument in which the sound is produced by striking, scraping or shaking an object.

percussionist percussionists n
perkusista bębniarz
A trained musician who plays percussion instruments, as opposed to a drummer who lacks formal training.

perdition /pɜː(ɹ).ˈdɪ.ʃən/ perditions n
wieczne potępienie
Eternal damnation.
piekło
Hell.

peregrine falcon /ˈpɛɹəɡɹɪn ˈfælkən/ /ˈpɛɹəɡɹɪn ˈfɔː(l)kən/ peregrine falcons n
sokół wędrowny
A medium-sized, very swift falcon, Falco peregrinus, that hunts small birds.

peremptoriness n
bezapelacyjność
The quality of being peremptory

peremptory /pəˈɹɛmptəɹi/ more peremptory most peremptory adj
bezapelacyjny kategoryczny
(legal) Precluding debate or expostulation; not admitting of question or appeal
dogmatyczny zdecydowany
Positive in opinion or judgment; absolutely certain, overconfident, unwilling to hear any debate or argument (especially in a pejorative sense); dogmatic.
despotyczny dyktatorski władczy
Accepting no refusal or disagreement; imperious, dictatorial.

perennial /pəˈɹɛn.i.əl/ /pəˈɹɛn.j(ə)l/ /pəˈɹɛn.ɪ.əl/ adj
częsty powracający powtarzający się
Appearing or recurring again and again; recurrent.
odwieczny
Continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period; neverending or never failing; perpetual, unceasing.
wieloletni
(botany) Of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons.

perennial /pəˈɹɛn.i.əl/ /pəˈɹɛn.j(ə)l/ /pəˈɹɛn.ɪ.əl/ perennials n
bylina roślina wieloletnia
(botany) A plant that is active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons.

perestroika /pɛɹ.ɪˈstɹɔi.kə/ perestroikas n
pieriestrojka pierestrojka
(historical, uncountable) A program of political and economic reform carried out in the Soviet Union in the 1980s and early 1990s under the leadership of Mikhail Gorbachev.

perfect /ˈpɜː.fɛkt/ /ˈpɜː.fɪkt/ /ˈpɝ.fɪkt/ more perfect most perfect perfecter perfectest adj
doskonały
Fitting its definition precisely.
Having all of its parts in harmony with a common purpose.
perfekcyjny
Without fault or mistake; without flaw, of supreme quality.
perfekcyjny doskonały idealny
Excellent and delightful in all respects.
dokonany
(grammar, of a tense or verb form) Representing a completed action.

perfect /pəˈfɛkt/ /pɚˈfɛkt/ v
doskonalić udoskonalać udoskonalić
(transitive) To make perfect; to improve or hone.

perfect cube perfect cubes n
sześcian doskonały

perfect fifth perfect fifths n
kwinta czysta
(music) An interval equal to that of between the second and third harmonics of the harmonic series. In twelve-tone equal temperament, it spans seven semitones or five degrees of the diatonic scale.

perfect pitch perfect pitches n
słuch absolutny
(music, uncountable) The ability to identify a note by name on hearing it, or to re-create a specified note from memory, without the benefit of an externally provided reference pitch.

perfect power perfect powers n
potęga doskonała

perfection /pɚˈfɛk.ʃən/ perfections n
perfekcja doskonałość
The quality or state of being perfect or complete, so that nothing substandard remains; the highest attainable state or degree of excellence

perfectionism perfectionisms n
perfekcjonizm
An unwillingness to settle for anything less than perfection.

perfectionist /pɚˈfɛk.ʃənɪst/ more perfectionist most perfectionist adj
perfekcjonistyczny
(philosophy) Inclined or related to perfectionism.

perfectionist /pɚˈfɛk.ʃənɪst/ perfectionists n
perfekcjonista perfekcjonistka
Someone who is unwilling to settle for anything that is not perfect or does not meet extremely high standards. [from 20th c.]

perfective /pə(ɹ)ˈfɛktɪv/ adj
dokonany
(grammar) Of, or relative to, the perfect tense or perfective aspect.

perfective aspect n
aspekt dokonany
(grammar) A feature of the verb which denotes viewing the event the verb describes as a completed whole, rather than from within the event as it unfolds. For example, "she sat down" as opposed to "she was sitting down". Since the focus is on the completion of what is expressed by the verb, this aspect is generally associated with the past and future tenses. This term is often used interchangeably with aorist aspect. This is not to be confused with the perfect tense.

perfectly /ˈpɑɹfɪk(t)lɪ/ /ˈpɜːfɪk(t)li/ /ˈpɝfɪk(t)li/ more perfectly most perfectly adv
doskonale
With perfection.

perfidiously more perfidiously most perfidiously adv
perfidnie
In a perfidious manner.

perfidy /ˈpɜː.fɪ.di/ /ˈpɝ.fɪ.di/ perfidies n
perfidia
A state or act of violating faith or allegiance; violation of a promise or vow, or of trust.

perforation perforations n
perforacja
Any opening in a solid object.

perforce /pəˈfɔːs/ /pɚˈfɔɹs/ adv
siłą rzeczy z konieczności
(archaic) By force.
siłą rzeczy
By constraint of circumstances; of necessity, inevitably, unavoidably; as a matter of course.

perform /pəˈfɔːm/ /pɚˈfɔɹm/ [pʰəˈfɔːm] v
wykonywać wykonać
(transitive) To do (something); to execute.
wykonać
(ambitransitive) To do (something) in front of an audience, such as acting or music, often in order to entertain.

performance /pəɹ.ˈfɔɹ.məns/ [pə.ˈfɔː.məns] [pɚ.ˈfɔɹ.məns] performances n
wykonanie
The act of performing; carrying into execution or action; execution; achievement; accomplishment; representation by action.
przedstawienie występ
(arts) A live show or concert.
produktywność
The amount of useful work accomplished estimated in terms of time needed, resources used, etc.

performance metric performance metrics n
kluczowe mierniki dokonań ﻿kluczowe wskaźniki efektywności
(business) A measurement of performance, often financial performance, either against peers or against a predetermined target.

performer /pəˈfɔːmə/ /pɚˈfɔɹmɚ/ performers n
wykonawca wykonawczyni
One who performs for, or entertains, an audience.

performing arts n
sztuka widowiskowa
(arts) The arts involving performance, such as dance, theatre, music, etc.

perfume /pɚˈfjuːm/ /ˈpɚfjuːm/ /ˈpɜːfjuːm/ /ˈpɝfjuːm/ perfumes n
perfumy zapach aromat woń
A pleasant smell; the scent, odor, or odoriferous particles emitted from a sweet-smelling substance; a pleasant odor

perfume /pɚˈfjuːm/ /ˈpɚfjuːm/ /ˈpɜːfjuːm/ /ˈpɝfjuːm/ v
naperfumować perfumować
(transitive) To apply perfume to; to fill or impregnate with a perfume; to scent.

perfumery perfumeries n
perfumeria
(countable) A shop selling perfumes.
perfumiarnia
(countable) A factory where perfume is made.
perfumiarstwo
(uncountable) The manufacture of perfume.

perfunctorily /pəɹˈfʌŋkt(ə)ɹɪli/ more perfunctorily most perfunctorily adv
beznamiętnie lakonicznie zdawkowo
In a perfunctory manner, without interest or concern for quality.

perfunctory /pəˈfʌŋk.t(ə)ɹɪ/ /pɚˈfʌŋk.tɚ.i/ more perfunctory most perfunctory adj
pobieżny powierzchowny
Performed in a careless or indifferent manner as a thing of rote.

perfusionist /pə(ɹ)ˈfjuːʒənɪst/ perfusionists n
perfuzjonista
A trained clinician who operates the heart-lung machine during cardiac and other surgeries.

pergola /pɜːˈɡɐʉlə/ /ˈpɜːɡələ/ pergolas pergole n
pergola
A framework in the form of a passageway of columns that supports a trelliswork roof; used to support and train climbing plants.
Such a framework employed to provide shade, especially over a patio.

perhaps /pəˈhæps/ /pɚˈhæps/ /ˈpɹæps/ adv
może bodaj
Possibly.
(dated) By chance.

perianth perianths n
okwiat
(botany) The sterile parts of a flower; collectively, the sepals and petals (or tepals).

pericarditis pericardites pericarditides n
zapalenie osierdzia
(cardiology, pathology) Inflammation of the pericardium, the membrane that surrounds the heart.

pericardium /ˌpɛɹɪˈkɑː(ɹ)di.əm/ pericardia pericardiums n
osierdzie
(anatomy, cardiology) A serous membrane that surrounds the heart allowing it to contract.

pericarp /ˈpɛɹɪˌkɑɹp/ /ˈpɛɹɪˌkɑːp/ pericarps n
owocnia perykarp
(botany) The outermost layer, or skin, of a ripe fruit or ovary.

pericope /pəˈɹɪkəpi/ pericopae pericopes n
perykopa
A passage of Scripture to be read in public worship or a book containing such passages.

pericycle pericycles n
okolnica perycykl perykambium
(botany) In a plant root, the cylinder of plant tissue between the endodermis and phloem.

perigee /ˈpɛɹ.ə.d͡ʒi/ /ˈpɛɹ.ɪ.d͡ʒiː/ perigees n
perygeum
(astronomy) The point, in an orbit about the Earth, that is closest to the Earth: the periapsis of an Earth orbiter.

perihelion /ˌpɛɹ.əˈhil.jən/ /ˌpɛɹ.əˈhiː.li.ən/ /ˌpɛɹ.ɪˈhiː.lɪ.ən/ perihelia perihelions n
peryhelium
(astronomy) The point in the elliptical orbit of a comet, planet, etc., where it is nearest to the Sun.

peril /ˈpɛɹəl/ /ˈpɛɹɪl/ perils n
niebezpieczeństwo
A situation of serious and immediate danger.
zagrożenie
Something that causes, contains, or presents danger.

perilous /pɛɹ.l̩.əs/ /ˈpɛɹ.ɪ.ləs/ more perilous most perilous adj
niebezpieczny
Dangerous, full of peril.

perimeter /pəˈɹɪm.ɪ.tə(ɹ)/ /pəˈɹɪm.ɪ.tɚ/ /ˈpɹɪm.ɪ.tə(ɹ)/ [pəˈɹɪm.ɪ.ɾə(ɹ)] [pəˈɹɪm.ɪ.ɾɚ] perimeters n
obwód
(mathematics) The sum of the distance of all the lengths of the sides of an object.
(mathematics) The length of such a boundary.

perinatal more perinatal most perinatal adj
okołoporodowy perinatalny
Of or pertaining to the time around birth.

perineum /ˌpɛ.ɹɪˈniː.əm/ /ˌpɛɹ.əˈniː.əm/ /ˌpɛɹ.ɪˈni.əm/ perinea perineums n
krocze

period /ˈpi.ɹɪd/ /ˈpɪə.ɹi.əd/ /ˈpɪə.ɹɪ.əd/ /ˈpɪɚ.i.əd/ /ˈpɪɹ.i.əd/ periods n
okres period
A length of time in history seen as a single coherent entity; an epoch, era. [from 16th c.]
(rhetoric) A complete sentence, especially one expressing a single thought or making a balanced, rhythmic whole. [from 16th c.]
kropka
(now, chiefly, North America, Philippines) The punctuation mark “.” (indicating the ending of a sentence or marking an abbreviation).
okres cykl period
The length of time during which the same characteristics of a periodic phenomenon recur, such as the repetition of a wave or the rotation of a planet. [from 17th c.]
okres
(chemistry) A row in the periodic table of the elements. [from 19th c.]
(music) Two phrases (an antecedent and a consequent phrase).
okres lekcja
(geology) A geochronologic unit of millions to tens of millions of years; a subdivision of an era, and subdivided into epochs.

periodic /ˌpɪə-/ /ˌpɪɹiˈɑdɪk/ /ˌpɪɹiˈɒdɪk/ adj
okresowy periodyczny
Having repeated cycles.
Occurring at regular intervals.

periodic function periodic functions n
funkcja okresowa
(mathematics) Any function whose value repeats after the regular addition of a period to its independent variable; i.e., a function ƒ such that, for some positive constant p, ƒ(x + p) = ƒ(x) for all x.

periodic inventory n
okresowa inwentaryzacja

periodic table /ˌpɪə-/ /ˌpɪɹiˈɑdɪk ˈteɪbəl/ /ˌpɪɹiˈɒdɪk ˈteɪb(ə)l/ periodic tables n
układ okresowy pierwiastków układ okresowy tablica Mendelejewa
(chemistry) A tabular chart of the chemical elements according to their atomic numbers so that elements with similar properties are in the same group (column).

periodical /ˌpɪəɹiˈɒdɪkl̩/ /ˌpɪɹiˈɑdɪkl̩/ periodicals n
czasopismo periodyk
A regularly issued thematic publication that contains the most current information in its field, often the primary means for communication of original scholarship or creative work at the cutting edge of research in its field.

periodically adv
okresowo periodycznie
In a manner that is regular or periodic.

periodicity periodicities n
okresowość periodyczność
The quality of being periodic; tendency to recur at regular intervals.

periodization periodizations n
periodyzacja
The process of categorizing something (e.g. history) into named periods.

periodontium n
przyzębie

periodontology n
periodontologia
(dentistry) Periodontics

periosteum periostea periosteums n
okostna
A membrane surrounding a bone.

peripatetic /ˌpɛɹ.ə.pəˈtɛt.ɪk/ /ˌpɛɹ.ɪ.pəˈtɛt.ɪk/ more peripatetic most peripatetic adj
wędrowny
Tending to walk about.

peripatetic /ˌpɛɹ.ə.pəˈtɛt.ɪk/ /ˌpɛɹ.ɪ.pəˈtɛt.ɪk/ peripatetics n
perypatetyk wędrowiec
One who walks about; a pedestrian; an itinerant.

peripeteia /pɛɹɪpɪˈtaɪə/ /pɛɹɪpɪˈteɪə/ /pɛɹɪpɪˈtiə/ /pɛɹɪpɪˈtɪə/ peripeteias n
perypetia
(drama) A sudden reversal of fortune as a plot point in Classical tragedy.

peripheral device peripheral devices n
urządzenie peryferyjne
(computer hardware) An electronic device that is outside the computer's system unit (external to the computer's enclosing case), but used by the computer to which it is connected, such as a printer or a scanner.

peripheral nervous system peripheral nervous systems n
obwodowy układ nerwowy
(neuroanatomy) The part of the nervous system which is not the central nervous system.

peripheral vision n
widzenie peryferyjne

periphery /pəˈɹɪfəɹi/ peripheries n
kraniec kresy obrzeże peryferie pogranicze skraj
The outside boundary, parts or surface of something.

periphyton periphytons n
peryfiton

perish /ˈpɛɹɪʃ/ v
ginąć zginąć
(intransitive) To die; to cease to live.

peristalsis /ˌpɛɹɪˈstalsɪs/ /ˌpɛɹɪˈstælsɪs/ /ˌpɛɹɪˈstɑlsɪs/ peristalses n
perystaltyka
(medicine) The rhythmic, wave-like contraction and relaxation of muscles so as to propagate motion, as of food in the digestive tract.

peristyle /ˈpɛɹəstaɪl/ /ˈpɛɹɪstaɪl/ peristyles n
perystyl
A colonnade surrounding a courtyard, temple, etc., or the yard enclosed by such columns. [from 17th c.]
A porch surrounded by columns. [from 17th c.]

peritoneum /ˌpɛ.ɹɪ.təˈniː.əm/ peritonea peritoneums n
otrzewna
(anatomy) In mammals, the serous membrane lining the cavity of the abdomen and that is folded over the viscera.

peritonitis peritonites peritonitides n
zapalenie otrzewnej
(pathology) Inflammation of the peritoneum, especially when caused by an infectious organism introduced into the abdominal cavity.

periwinkle /ˈpɛɹ.ɪˌwɪŋ.kəl/ periwinkles n
barwinek
Similar plants of genus Catharanthus.

perjure /ˈpɜː(ɹ)d͡ʒə(ɹ)/ v
krzywoprzysięstwo
(reflexive) To knowingly and willfully make a false statement of witness while in court.

perjury /ˈpɜː(ɹ)d͡ʒəɹi/ perjuries n
krzywoprzysięstwo
(legal) The deliberate giving of false or misleading testimony under oath.

perk /pɜːk/ /pɝk/ perks n
dodatkowa korzyść
(informal) Perquisite.

perlite perlites n
perlit
The lightweight insulating material and aggregate resulting from expanding perlite glass by heat.

permaculture permacultures n
permakultura
(agriculture) Any system of sustainable agriculture that renews natural resources and enriches local ecosystems. [from 1978]

permafrost /ˈpɝməˌfɹɔst/ permafrosts n
wieczna zmarzlina
Permanently frozen ground, or a specific layer thereof.

permanence /ˈpɜmənəns/ /ˈpɜɹmənəns/ permanences n
permanencja
The state of being permanent.

permanent /ˈpɜːmənənt/ /ˈpɝmənənt/ more permanent most permanent adj
stały
Without end, eternal.
permanentny trwały
Lasting for an indefinitely long time.

permeable /ˈpɜː(ɹ)miəbəl/ more permeable most permeable adj
przemakalny
(by extension) Allowing the passage of persons, information, or other things, especially when such passage occurs despite hopes or expectations otherwise.

permille /pə(ɹ)ˈmɪl/ /pə(ɹ)ˈmɪli/ permille n
promil
A part or other object per thousand.

permission /pəˈmɪʃən/ /pɚˈmɪʃən/ permissions n
pozwolenie zezwolenie dozwolenie
authorisation; consent (especially formal consent from someone in authority)
The act of permitting.

permit /pəˈmɪt/ /pɚˈmɪt/ /ˈpɜːmɪt/ /ˈpɝmɪt/ permits n
pozwolenie przepustka
An artifact or document rendering something allowed or legal. [from 17th c.]

permit /pəˈmɪt/ /pɚˈmɪt/ /ˈpɜːmɪt/ /ˈpɝmɪt/ v
pozwalać pozwolić
(transitive) To allow (someone) to do something; to give permission to. [from 15th c.]

permutation /ˌpɜː.mjʉˈtæɪ.ʃən/ /ˌpɜː.mjʊˈteɪ.ʃən/ /ˌpɝ.mjʊˈteɪ.ʃən/ [ˌpɜː.mjʉˈtæɪ.ʃn̩] [ˌpɜː.mjʊˈteɪ.ʃn̩] [ˌpɝ.mjʊˈteɪ.ʃn̩] permutations n
permutacja
(mathematics) A one-to-one mapping from a finite set to itself.
(mathematics, combinatorics) An ordering of a finite set of distinct elements.

pernicious /pəˈnɪʃəs/ /pɚˈnɪʃəs/ more pernicious most pernicious adj
szkodliwy groźny zgubny
Causing much harm in a subtle way.
zgubny
Causing death or injury; deadly.

peroxide peroxides n
nadtlenek
(inorganic chemistry) A divalent radical or anion containing two oxygen atoms linked by a covalent bond; any substance containing this group which yields hydrogen peroxide when treated with an acid.

perpendicular /pɝ.pənˈdɪk.jə.lɚ/ /pɝ.pɛnˈdɪk.ju.lɚ/ /ˌpɜː.pənˈdɪk.jə.lə(ɹ)/ more perpendicular most perpendicular adj
prostopadły
(geometry) At or forming a right angle (to something).

perpendicular /pɝ.pənˈdɪk.jə.lɚ/ /pɝ.pɛnˈdɪk.ju.lɚ/ /ˌpɜː.pənˈdɪk.jə.lə(ɹ)/ perpendiculars n
prostopadła
(geometry) A line or plane that is perpendicular to another.

perpendicularly more perpendicularly most perpendicularly adv
prostopadle
In a perpendicular manner.

perpetrate /ˈpɜː(ɹ).pə.ˌtɹeɪt/ v
popełniać dopuszczać dopuścić popełnić
(transitive) To be guilty of, or responsible for a crime etc; to commit.

perpetrator /ˈpɜː(ɹ).pɪ.ˌtɹeɪt.ə(ɹ)/ perpetrators n
sprawca sprawczyni winowajca winowajczyni
One who perpetrates; especially, one who commits an offence or crime.

perpetual /pəˈpɛtjʊəl/ /pəˈpɛtʃʊəl/ /pɚˈpɛt͡ʃuəl/ adj
wieczny
Lasting forever, or for an indefinitely long time.
bezustanny
Continuing; uninterrupted.

perpetual check perpetual checks n
wieczny szach

perpetual motion n
nieustanny ruch wieczny ruch

perpetual motion machine perpetual motion machines n
perpetuum mobile
(physics, pseudoscience) A hypothetical, pseudoscientific device that exhibits perpetual motion, especially one that does useful work with no input of energy.

perpetuality n
bezustanność

perpetually /pəˈpɛtjʊəli/ /pəˈpɛtʃʊəli/ /pɚˈpɛt͡ʃuəli/ more perpetually most perpetually adv
bezustannie
Seeming to never end; endlessly; constantly.

perpetualness n
bezustanność

perpetuate /-t͡ʃəwət/ /-ˈpɛtjueɪt/ /pəˈpɛtjʊət/ /pəˈpɛt͡ʃʊeɪt/ /pəˈpɛt͡ʃʊət/ /pɚˈpɛt͡ʃəˌweɪt/ v
uwiecznić uwieczniać
(transitive) To make (something) perpetual; to make (something) continue for an indefinite time; also, to preserve (something) from extinction or oblivion.

perplexed /pəˈplɛkst/ /pɚˈplɛkst/ more perplexed most perplexed adj
zakłopotany zmieszany
Confused or puzzled.

perplexity /pəɹˈplɛksədi/ /pəˈplɛksɪti/ perplexities n
ambaras
The state or quality of being perplexed.

perquisite /ˈpɜɹkwəzɪt/ /ˈpɜːkwɪzɪt/ perquisites n
dodatkowa korzyść
(chiefly in the plural) Any monetary or other incidental benefit beyond salary.

persecute /ˈpɜːsɪkjuːt/ /ˈpɝsəkjut/ v
prześladować
To pursue in a manner to do harm or cruelty to; especially, because of the victim's race, sexual identity, or adherence to a particular belief.

persecution /ˌpɜːsəˈkjuːʃən/ /ˌpɝsəˈkjuʃən/ persecutions n
prześladowanie
The act of persecuting, especially a specific group of people; an instance of persecution.

perseverance /ˌpɜːsəˈvɪəɹəns/ /ˌpɝsəˈvɪɹəns/ perseverances n
wytrwałość
Continuing in a course of action without regard to discouragement, opposition or previous failure.

persevere /ˌpɜːsəˈvɪə/ /ˌpɝ.səˈviɹ/ v
wytrwać dotrwać
(intransitive) To persist steadfastly in pursuit of an undertaking, task, journey, or goal, even if hindered by distraction, difficulty, obstacles, or discouragement.

persimmon /pəɹˈsɪmən/ /pɜːˈsɪmən/ /ˈpɜːsəmən/ persimmons n
hurma kaki persymona szaron
A type of fruit, of orange colour, very sweet, quite astringent when immature.
persymona hurma hebanowiec kaki szaron
The tree this fruit grows on, generally one of two species of ebony: Diospyros kaki (Asian) or Diospyros virginiana (North American).

persistent /pəˈsɪstənt/ /pɚˈsɪstənt/ more persistent most persistent adj
bezustanny ciągły uporczywy wytrwały
Obstinately refusing to give up or let go.
bezustanny uporczywy
Insistently repetitive.
ciągły nieustanny
Indefinitely continuous.
trwały
(computing) Of data or a data structure: not transient or temporary, but remaining in existence after the termination of the program that creates it.

person /ˈpɑsən/ /ˈpɜːsən/ /ˈpɝsən/ [ˈpʰɜːsn̩] [ˈpʰɝsn̩] people persons n
człowiek istota ludzka osoba
(in a compound noun or noun phrase) A human of unspecified gender (in terms usually constructed with man or woman).
indywidualność osobowość
Any sentient or socially intelligent being.
miłośnik zwolennik
(in a compound noun or noun phrase) Someone who likes or has an affinity for (a specified thing). [from 20th c.]
osoba persona człowiek
An individual who has been granted personhood; usually a human being. [from 13th c.]
postać osoba
The physical body of a being seen as distinct from the mind, character, etc. [from 14th c.]
osoba persona człowiek osobowość
(law) Any individual or formal organization with standing before the courts. [from 14th c.]
osoba persona
(grammar) A linguistic category used to distinguish between the speaker of an utterance and those to whom or about whom they are speaking. See grammatical person. [from 14th c.]

persona non grata /pə(ɹ)ˈsəʊnə nɒn ˈɡɹɑːtə/ personae non gratae n
persona non grata
A person who is not welcome, especially a diplomat in a foreign country.

personable /ˈpɜː(ɹ)sənəbəl/ more personable most personable adj
przyjazny przyjemny sympatyczny
(of a person) Having a pleasing appearance; attractive; handsome.

personage /ˈpɜːsənɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈpɝsənɪd͡ʒ/ personages n
persona
A person, especially one who is famous or important.

personal /ˈpɜː.sə.nəl/ /ˈpɜːs.nəl/ /ˈpɝ.sə.nəl/ /ˈpɝs.nəl/ more personal most personal adj
osobisty personalny
Of or pertaining to a particular person; relating to, or affecting, an individual, or each of many individuals
osobowy
(grammar) Denoting a person or people.

personal computer personal computers n
komputer osobisty PC pecet
(dated) A small computer, built around a microprocessor, for use by one person at a time.

personal data n
dane osobowe personalia

personal effect personal effects n
rzeczy osobiste
(usually, in the plural) An item of personal property that one carries on one's person, including identification, jewelry, and clothing.

personal pronoun personal pronouns n
zaimek osobowy
A pronoun which, in English, refers to one or a combination of the following:
Another person or group of people. (third person)
Any pronoun, with an antecedent, standing in as the subject or object of a verb.

personal property personal properties n
ruchomość
(legal) Any property that is movable, that is, not real estate.

personal space personal spaces n
przestrzeń osobista
The physical space closely surrounding a person, which can lead to discomfort, anger or anxiety if encroached on.
An area which can be regarded as belonging to a person privately, in which to place belongings etc.

personal trainer personal trainers n
trener osobisty trener personalny
Someone employed to help another with their fitness, especially by means of a personalised diet program and exercise regime.

personality /-i/ /pɜːsəˈnælətɪ/ /ˌpɝsəˈnælɪti/ [ˌpɝsəˈnælɪɾi] personalities n
osobowość
(of people) A set of non-physical psychological and social qualities that make one person distinct from another.

personality disorder personality disorders n
zaburzenie osobowości
(psychiatry) Any of a class of mental disorders characterized by ongoing rigid patterns of thought and action.

personalization /-lɪˈzeɪʃən/ /ˌpɜːs(ə)nəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ /ˌpɝs(ə)nəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ personalizations n
personalizacja
(dated) The act of personifying; personification.

personalize /ˈpɜː.sə.nə.laɪz/ /ˈpɜː.sə.nə.lɑɪz/ /ˈpɜːs.nə.laɪz/ /ˈpɜːs.nə.lɑɪz/ /ˈpɝ.sə.nə.laɪz/ /ˈpɝs.nə.laɪz/ v
personalizować uosabiać
To adapt something to the needs or tastes of an individual.

personally /ˈpɜː.sə.nə.li/ /ˈpɜːs.nə.li/ /ˈpɝ.sə.nə.li/ /ˈpɝs.nə.li/ more personally most personally adv
osobiście
In a personal manner.
Concerning oneself.

personification /pɚˌsɑ.nə.fəˈkeɪ.ʃən/ personifications n
personifikacja uosobienie wcielenie
A person, thing or name typifying a certain quality or idea; an embodiment or exemplification.
personifikacja uosobienie
A literary device in which an inanimate object or an idea is given human qualities.
animizacja ożywienie uosobienie
An artistic representation of an abstract quality as a human

personify /pə(ɹ)ˈsɒnɪfaɪ/ v
animizować
(transitive) To create a representation of (an abstract quality) in the form of a character or persona.

personlessness n
bezosobowość

personnel /-el/ /pɜː.səˈnɛl/ /pɜːsˈnɛl/ /pɝ.səˈnɛl/ /pɝsˈnɛl/ /pɵː.sɘˈnɛl/ /pɵːsˈnɛl/ personnels n
personel kadra
Collection of people in an organization, such as employees and office staff, members of the military, etc.

perspective /pɚˈspɛk.tɪv/ perspectives n
perspektywa punkt widzenia
A view, vista or outlook.

perspicacious /ˌpɜː.spɪˈkeɪ.ʃəs/ /ˌpɜːɹ.spɪˈkeɪ.ʃəs/ more perspicacious most perspicacious adj
przenikliwy wnikliwy
(figuratively) Of acute discernment; having keen insight; mentally perceptive.
bystry
(obsolete) Able to physically see clearly; quick-sighted; sharp-sighted.

perspicacity /ˌpɜː.spɪˈkæs.ɪ.ti/ /ˌpɜːɹ.spɪˈkæs.ɪ.ti/ perspicacities n
przenikliwość
Acute discernment or understanding; insight.

perspiration /ˌpɜːspəˈɹeɪʃən/ /ˌpɝspəˈɹeɪʃən/ perspirations n
perspiracja pocenie się
The action or process of perspiring.

persuade /pəˈsweɪd/ /pɚˈsweɪd/ v
przekonać przekonywać
(transitive, now, rare, regional) To urge, plead; to try to convince (someone to do something). [from 16th c.]

persuasion /pəˈsweɪʒ(ə)n/ /pɚˈsweɪʒən/ persuasions n
perswazja
The act of persuading, or trying to do so; the addressing of arguments to someone with the intention of changing their mind or convincing them of a certain point of view, course of action etc. [from 14th c.]

persuasive /pə(ɹ)ˈsweɪsɪv/ more persuasive most persuasive adj
przekonujący przekonywający
Able to persuade; convincing.

pertain /pəˈteɪn/ /pɚˈteɪn/ v
należeć odnosić się
(intransitive) To apply; to be or remain in place; to continue to be applicable.

pertechnetate pertechnetates n
nadtechnecjan
(inorganic compound) The univalent technetium anion TcO4-; any salt containing this anion

pertinacious /pɝtn̩ˈeɪʃəs/ /ˌpɜːtɪˈneɪʃəs/ more pertinacious most pertinacious adj
niezachwiany
Holding tenaciously to an opinion or purpose.

pertinaciously /ˌpɜː.təˈneɪ.ʃəs.li/ /ˌpɝːtənˈeɪʃəsli/ more pertinaciously most pertinaciously adv
nieustępliwie
In a stubbornly resolute manner; tenaciously holding one's course of action or opinion.

perturbation perturbations n
perturbacja
(uncountable) Agitation; the state of being perturbed
(countable, astronomy, physics) Variation in an orbit due to the influence of external bodies

peruke /pəˈɹuk/ /pəˈɹuːk/ perukes n
peruka
A wig, especially one with long hair on the sides and back, worn mainly by men in the 17th and 18th centuries.

pervasive /pəˈveɪ.sɪv/ /pɚˈveɪ.sɪv/ more pervasive most pervasive adj
wszechobecny wszechogarniający
Manifested throughout; pervading, permeating, penetrating or affecting everything.

perversity /pə(ɹ)ˈvɜː(ɹ)sɪti/ perversities n
perwersja
The quality of being perverse.
Something which is perverse.

pervert /pəˈvəːt/ /pɚˈvɚt/ /ˈpəː.vət/ /ˈpɚ.vɚt/ perverts n
zboczeniec dewiant
A person whose sexual habits are not considered acceptable.

pervert /pəˈvəːt/ /pɚˈvɚt/ /ˈpəː.vət/ /ˈpɚ.vɚt/ v
zboczyć
(intransitive) To become perverted; to take the wrong course.

pescetarian /ˌpɛskəˈtɛəɹi.ən/ /ˌpɛskəˈtɛɹi.ən/ /ˌpɛskɪˈtɛəɹi.ən/ /ˌpɛskɪˈtɛɹi.ən/ /ˌpɛsɪˈtɛəɹi.ən/ /ˌpɛsɪˈtɛɹi.ən/ adj
wegetarianin jedzący ryby wegetarianka jedzący ryby

pescetarianism n
pescowegetarianizm
A dietary choice in which a person, known as a pescetarian, eats any combination of vegetables, fruit, nuts, beans and fish or seafood, but not mammals or birds. Some animal products, such as eggs and dairy, may or may not be part of the diet.

pesky /ˈpɛski/ peskier peskiest adj
cholerny upierdliwy
(informal) Annoying, troublesome, irritating (usually of an animal or child).

peso /ˈpeɪsəʊ/ /ˈpɛsoʊ/ [ˈpɛso] pesos n
peso
(historical) A former unit of currency in Spain and Spain's colonies, worth 8 reales; the Spanish dollar.

pessimism /ˈpɛsɪmɪzəm/ pessimisms n
pesymizm
A general belief that bad things will happen.
The doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds.

pessimist /ˈpɛsɪmɪst/ pessimists n
pesymista pesymistka czarnowidz
Someone who habitually expects the worst outcome; one who looks on the dark side of things.

pessimistic /ˌpɛ.səˈmɪs.tɪk/ more pessimistic most pessimistic adj
pesymistyczny
Marked by pessimism and little hopefulness; expecting the worst.

pest /pɛst/ pests n
zaraza epidemia plaga
(now, _, rare) A pestilence, i.e. a deadly epidemic, a deadly plague.
insekt szkodnik
Any destructive insect that attacks crops or livestock; an agricultural pest.

pesticide /ˈpɛstɨsaɪd/ /ˈpɛstɪ̈ˌsaɪd/ pesticides n
pestycyd pestycydy
Anything, especially a synthetic substance but also any substance (e.g. sulfur), or virus, bacterium, or other organism, which kills or suppresses the activities of pests.

pestilence /ˈpɛstlən(t)s/ /ˈpɛstələn(t)s/ /ˈpɛstɪlən(t)s/ pestilences n
zaraza
Any epidemic disease that is highly contagious, infectious, virulent and devastating.

pestle /ˈpɛsəl/ pestles n
tłuczek
A club-shaped, round-headed stick used in a mortar to pound, crush, rub or grind things.

pesto /ˈpɛstoʊ/ /ˈpɛstəʊ/ pestos n
pesto
A sauce, especially for pasta, originating from the Genoa region in Italy, made from basil, garlic, pine nuts, olive oil and cheese (usually pecorino).

pet /pɛt/ [pʰɛt] [pʰɛʔt] pets n
zwierzę domowe
An animal kept as a companion.

pet /pɛt/ [pʰɛt] [pʰɛʔt] v
głaskać
(transitive) To stroke or fondle (an animal).

pet peeve pet peeves n
idiosynkrazja
(colloquial) Something that is personally annoying; a personal dislike.

pet shop pet shops n
sklep zoologiczny
A shop that sells domestic animals and products for feeding and caring for them.

petal /ˈpɛtl̩/ petals n
płatek płatek korony
(botany) One of the component parts of the corolla of a flower. It applies particularly, but not necessarily only, when the corolla consists of separate parts, that is when the petals are not connately fused. Petals are often brightly colored.

petalless /ˈpɛt.əl.ləs/ adj
bezpłatkowy

petasus /ˈpɛtəsəs/ petasi n
petasos
(historical) A broad-brimmed, low-crowned hat worn by the Ancient Greeks and Romans, especially for travelling, and as often pictured to be worn by Hermes (or Mercury); (later also) the brimless winged cap worn by Hermes in later artistic depictions. [from 16th c.]

peter out /ˌpitɚ‿ˈaʊt/ /ˌpiːtɚ‿ˈaʊt/ [-ɾɚ-] v
zamierać zamrzeć zanikać zaniknąć
(intransitive, originally, US) Synonym of peter (“to diminish to nothing, (originally) to refer to a vein of ore”)

petiole /ˈpɛti.oʊl/ /ˈpɛti.əʊl/ petioles n
ogonek liścia
(botany) The stalk of a leaf, attaching the blade to the stem.

petit four /ˈpɛti ˈfɔɹ/ petit fours petits fours n
ptifurki
A small cake generally eaten at the end of a meal or served as part of a large buffet.

petition /pəˈtɪʃ.ən/ petitions n
petycja
A formal, written request made to an official person or organized body, often containing many signatures.
A compilation of signatures built in order to exert moral authority in support of a specific cause.

petrification petrifications n
petryfikacja
Turning to stone: the process of replacement of the organic residues of plants (and animals) with insoluble salts, with the original shape and topography being retained.

petrify /ˈpɛ.tɹəˌfaɪ/ v
drętwieć lodowacieć zdrętwieć zlodowacieć
To immobilize with fright.

petrodollar /ˈpɛtɹoʊˌdɑlɚ/ /ˈpɛtɹə(ʊ)ˌdɒlə/ petrodollars n
petrodolar
(oil industry, mostly, in the plural, also, attributively) Money (either notionally or specifically in dollars or other currencies) earned from the sale of oil, often especially as considered among a national economy's principal revenue streams.

petroliferous more petroliferous most petroliferous adj
roponośny
(geology, petrology, of a rock or geologic formation) Containing or yielding petroleum.

petticoat /ˈpɛtɪkət/ /ˈpɛtɪkəʊt/ petticoats n
halka
A light woman's undergarment worn under a dress or skirt, and hanging either from the shoulders or (now especially) from the waist; a kind of slip, worn to make the skirt fuller, or for extra warmth.

pettifogger /ˈpɛtɪˌfɑːɡɚ/ /ˈpɛtɪˌfɒɡə/ /ˈpɛtɪˌfɔːɡɚ/ pettifoggers n
kłótnica kłótnik przechera
Someone who quibbles over trivia, and raises petty, annoying objections and sophistry.

petting /ˈpɛtɪŋ/ [ˈpʰɛɾɪŋ] pettings n
petting
(sex) The act of kissing, stroking, etc., a person in a sexual manner.

petty /ˈpɛ.ti/ [ˈpʰɛ.ɾi] more petty most petty pettier pettiest adj
drobny błahy małostkowy nieistotny
Of persons or their behaviour: marked by or reflective of undesirably limited interests, sympathies, or views; begrudging, selfish, small-minded; also, preoccupied with subjects having little or no importance and not mindful of broader concerns. [from 16th c.]

petty bourgeoisie petty bourgeoisies n
drobnomieszczaństwo
(Marxism) A social class of that bourgeoisie that typically works alongside their employees if they have any, exemplified by shopkeepers and professionals.

petty crime petty crimes n
drobne przestępstwo
A minor, less serious crime.

petty officer petty officers n
bosman starszy bosman
A non-commissioned officer in the Canadian, US and UK Navy and the US Coast Guard; roughly equivalent to a sergeant in the army

petunia /pəˈtuːnjə/ petunias n
petunia
A dark purple colour, like that of some petunia flowers.

pew /pjuː/ interjection
fuj
An expression of disgust in response to an unpleasant odor.

pew /pjuː/ pews n
ławka
Any structure shaped like a church pew, such as a stall, formerly used by money lenders, etc.; a box in a theatre; or a pen or sheepfold.

pewter /ˈpjutɚ/ /ˈpjuːtə/ [ˈpjuɾɚ] pewters n
cynołów pewter
An alloy of approximately 93–98% tin, 1–2% copper, and the balance of antimony.

peyote /peɪˈjoʊti/ peyotes n
pejotl
A small, spineless cactus (Lophophora williamsii) found from southwest United States to central Mexico that produces buttonlike tubercles that can be chewed for its psychedelic effect, primarily from the drug mescaline.

pff /p͡fː/ [p͡ɸː] [ʙ̥͡ɸː] interjection
pff
An expression of annoyance or disappointment.

phablet /ˈfæblɪt/ phablets n
fablet phablet
(neologism) A mobile device intermediate in size between smartphone and tablet.

phagocytosis /ˌfeɪ.ɡoʊ.saɪˈtoʊ.sɪs/ /ˌfeɪ.ɡəʊ.saɪˈtəʊ.sɪs/ phagocytoses n
fagocytoza

phalanx /ˈfeɪ.ˌlæŋks/ /ˈfæ.ˌlæŋks/ phalanges phalanxes n
falanga
(historical, plural phalanxes) An ancient Greek and Macedonian military unit that consisted of several ranks and files (lines) of soldiers in close array with joined shields and long spears.
(plural phalanxes or (rare) phalanges) A large group of people, animals or things, compact or closely massed, or tightly knit and united in common purpose.
paliczek
(skeleton, plural phalanges) One of the bones of the finger or toe.

phaleristics n
falerystyka
(very rare) The study of orders, fraternity, and award items.

phallic /ˈfælɪk/ adj
falliczny

phallocentrism phallocentrisms n
fallocentryzm
(figuratively) Focus on a male point of view.

phallocracy /faˈlɒkɹəsi/ /fəˈlɒkɹəsi/ phallocracies n
fallokracja
A society or government of, or dominated by, men. [from 20th c.]

phalloplasty phalloplasties n
falloplastyka
(surgery) Plastic surgery to construct or repair a penis, performed to repair injury or as part of sex reassignment surgery.

phallus /ˈfæləs/ phalli phalluses n
fallus
(psychoanalysis) The signifier of the desire of the Other, and the signifier of jouissance.

phanerophyte phanerophytes n
fanerofit
(biology) Any woody plant that carries its dormant buds openly on branches above the ground.

phantasmagoria /ˌfæntæzməˈɡɒɹi.ə/ /ˌfæntæzməˈɡɔːɹi.ə/ phantasmagorias n
fantasmagoria
A dreamlike state where real and imagined elements are blurred together.

phantasmagoric more phantasmagoric most phantasmagoric adj
fantasmagoryczny
Characterized by or pertaining to a dreamlike blurring of real and imaginary elements.

phantom /ˈfæntəm/ phantoms n
fantom
Something apparently seen, heard, or sensed, but having no physical reality; an image that appears only in the mind; an illusion or delusion.

phantom limb phantom limbs n
kończyna fantomowa
(pathology) The false sensation, which is often painful, that an amputated limb is still present and attached.

phantom pain phantom pains n
ból fantomowy
(medicine, pathology) A sensation of pain coming from a part of the body that has been amputated, or in which the nerves have been destroyed.

pharaoh /ˈfæɹ.oʊ/ /ˈfɛ(ə)ɹ.oʊ/ /ˈfɛə.ɹəʊ/ /ˈfɛː.ɹəʊ/ pharaohs n
faraon
(historical) The supreme ruler of Ancient Egypt; a formal address for the sovereign seat of power as personified by the "king" in an institutional role of Horus son of Osiris; often used by metonymy for Ancient Egyptian sovereignty

pharaonic /ˌfɛəɹeɪˈɒnɪk/ more pharaonic most pharaonic adj
faraoński
Of or pertaining to a pharaoh.

pharmaceutical /ˌfɑɹməˈs(j)utɪkl̩/ /ˌfɑː.məˈkjuː.tɪ.kl̩/ /ˌfɑː.məˈs(j)uː.tɪ.kl̩/ adj
farmaceutyczny aptekarski
(medicine, pharmacy, pharmacology) Of or relating to pharmacy or pharmacists.

pharmacist /ˈfɑɹməsɪst/ pharmacists n
aptekarz aptekarka
(pharmacy) A health professional who controls, formulates, preserves, and dispenses medications and provides medical advice and counseling on how medicines should be used in order to achieve maximum benefit, and minimal side effects in order to avoid drug interactions.
farmaceuta farmaceutka
(pharmacy, academic) One who studies pharmacy.

pharmaco- prefix
farmako-
medication

pharmacological /ˌfɑɹməkəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/ adj
farmakologiczny
(pharmacology) Of or having to do with pharmacology.

pharmacologist /ˌfɑɹməˈkɒləd͡ʒɪst/ pharmacologists n
farmakolog
(pharmacology) A student of pharmacology; one versed in the science of pharmacology.

pharmacology /ˌfɑɹməˈkɒləd͡ʒi/ n
farmakologia
(medicine) The science of drugs including their origin, composition, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic use, and toxicology.

pharmacotherapy pharmacotherapies n
farmakoterapia
(medicine) The use of pharmaceuticals to treat disease

pharmacy /ˈfɑɹməsi/ /ˈfɑːməsi/ pharmacies n
apteka farmacja
(countable) A place where prescription drugs are sold or dispensed.
farmacja aptekarstwo farmaceutyka
(uncountable) The science of medicinal substances, inclusive of pharmaceutics, pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmacology, phytochemistry, and forensics.
aptekarstwo
(uncountable) The role or occupation of a pharmacist.

pharyngealization pharyngealizations n
faryngalizacja
(phonology) The act or process of pharyngealizing.

pharynx /ˈfa.ɹɪŋks/ /ˈfæɹ.ɪŋks/ /ˈfɛɹ.ɪŋks/ pharynges pharynxes n
gardło
(anatomy) The part of the alimentary canal and respiratory tract that extends from the back of the mouth and nasal cavity to the larynx and esophagus.

phascogale /fæsˈkɒɡəli/ phascogales n
myszowór
Any of several Australian dasyurid marsupials, of the genus Phascogale, the males of which die shortly after mating.

phase /feɪz/ phases n
faza
(physics) Any one point or portion in a recurring series of changes, as in the changes of motion of one of the particles constituting a wave or vibration; one portion of a series of such changes, in distinction from a contrasted portion, as the portion on one side of a position of equilibrium, in contrast with that on the opposite side.

phase modulation phase modulations n
modulacja fazy
A method of sending information by modifying (modulating) the difference in phase (fraction of a wave length) between a signal and a reference.

phase space phase spaces n
przestrzeń fazowa
(mathematics, physics, dynamical system theory) Given a (dynamical) system, any topological space such that every point in the space's underlying set uniquely represents a state of the system and every possible state is represented by some point;(less formally) the underlying set of such a topological space.

phase transition phase transitions n
przemiana fazowa
(physics) The transition between thermodynamic phases of a physical system, especially one between the solid, liquid, and gaseous phases of a substance.

phase velocity n
prędkość fazowa
(physics) The velocity of propagation of a pure sine wave of infinite extent and infinitesimal amplitude.

phase-shift keying n
kluczowanie fazy modulacja PSK
A form of phase modulation in which digital information is transmitted through discrete changes of the phase of a carrier wave.

phasic /ˈfeɪzɪk/ more phasic most phasic adj
fazowy
Of or relating to phase,

phasmid /ˈfæz.mɪd/ phasmids n
patyczak straszyk
(entomology) Any insect of the order Phasmida: a leaf insect or walking stick (stick insect). [from 19th c.]

phasor phasors n
wskaz
(sciences, engineering) A plotted line whose length and angle represent the amplitude and phase, respectively, of a sinusoidally varying quantity such as an alternating current.

phatic /ˈfætɪk/ more phatic most phatic adj
fatyczny
(linguistics) Pertaining to words used to convey any kind of social relationship.

pheasant /ˈfɛzənt/ pheasants n
bażant
(countable) A bird of family Phasianidae, often hunted for food.

pheasant's eye pheasant's eyes pheasants' eyes n
miłek
Any of genus Adonis of flowering plants in the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae), native to Europe and Asia, particularly

pheasant-tailed jacana pheasant-tailed jacanas n
długoszpon chiński
Hydrophasianus chirurgus, a wader in the family Jacanidae.

pheasantry pheasantries n
bażantarnia bażanciarnia
(zoology) A place for keeping and rearing pheasants.

phenacetin phenacetins n
acetfenetydyna fenacetyna
Any of a class of analgesic and antipyretic drugs derived from acetanilide.
(pharmaceutical drug) A specific antipyretic drug, also called acetophenetidin, with the formula C10H13NO2.

phenazone phenazones n
antypiryna
(pharmaceutical drug) A particular analgesic.

phenetidine phenetidines n
fenetydyna

pheno- /ˈfiː.noʊ/ /ˈfiː.nə/ /ˈfiː.nəʊ/ /ˈfɛn.oʊ/ /ˈfɛn.əʊ/ prefix
feno-

phenol /ˈfinɑl/ /ˈfinəl/ /ˈfiːnɒl/ /ˈfiːnəl/ phenols n
fenol
(organic compound, uncountable) A caustic, poisonous, white crystalline compound, C6H5OH, derived from benzene and used in resins, plastics, and pharmaceuticals and in dilute form as a disinfectant and antiseptic; once called carbolic acid
(organic chemistry, countable) Any of a class of aromatic organic compounds having at least one hydroxyl group attached directly to the benzene ring (or other aromatic ring)

phenology /fiˈnɒlədʒi/ /fəˈnɒlədʒi/ /ˌfɛnˈɒlədʒi/ n
fenologia
(biology) The study of the effect of climate on periodic biological phenomena.

phenolphthalein /ˌfi.nl̩ˈθæl.i.ɪn/ /ˌfi.nl̩ˈθæˌlin/ /ˌfiː.nɒlˈ(f)θa.liːn/ /ˌfiː.nɒlˈ(f)θeɪ.liːn/ phenolphthaleins n
fenoloftaleina

phenomenal /fə-/ /fɪˈnɑmɪnəl/ /fɪˈnɒmɪnəl/ /fɪˈnɔmɪnəl/ more phenomenal most phenomenal adj
fenomenalny arcydobry niezwykły
(colloquial) Very remarkable; highly extraordinary; amazing.

phenomenography phenomenographies n
fenomenografia
A qualitative methodology applied in educational research that investigates the qualitatively different ways in which people experience something or think about something.

phenomenology /fɪˌnɑməˈnɑləd͡ʒi/ /fɪˌnɒmɪˈnɒləd͡ʒi/ phenomenologies n
fenomenologia
(philosophy) The study of structures of consciousness as experienced from the first-person point of view.

phenomenon /-nən/ /fəˈnɑmənə/ /fəˈnɑməˌnɑn/ /fəˈnɒmɪnə/ /fəˈnɒmɪnən/ /fɪ-/ /fɪˈnɔmɪnə/ /fɪˈnɔmɪnən/ phenomena phenomenon phenomenons n
zjawisko fenomen
A thing or being, event or process, perceptible through senses; or a fact or occurrence thereof.
fenomen
A wonderful or very remarkable person or thing.

phenyl /ˈfi(ː).n(ə)l/ /ˈfi(ː).ˌnaɪl/ /ˈfɛ.n(ə)l/ phenyls n
fenyl
(organic chemistry) A univalent hydrocarbon radical (C6H5) formally derived from benzene by the removal of a hydrogen atom, and the basis of an immense number of aromatic derivatives.

phenylalanine phenylalanines n
fenyloalanina
(amino acid) An essential amino acid C9H11NO2 found in most animal proteins; it is essential for growth; the inability to metabolize it leads to phenylketonuria; it is a constituent of aspartame.

pheromone pheromones n
feromon
(biology) A chemical secreted by an animal, especially an insect, that affects the development or behavior of other members of the same species, functioning often as a means of attracting a member of the opposite sex.

phew /fjuː/ /fɪu̯/ [ɸj̊u̥˥˩] interjection
uff
Used to express relief of tension, fatigue, or surprise.

phi /faɪ/ /fiː/ phis n
phi fi
Φ, the 21st letter of the Euclidean and modern Greek alphabet, usually romanized as "ph".

phil- prefix
filo-

philanderer /fɪ.ˈlæn.də.ɹə/ /fɪ.ˈlæn.də.ɹɚ/ /fɪ.ˈlæn.dɚ.ɚ/ philanderers n
flirciarz kobieciarz
One who plays at courtship; a fickle lover; a flirt (usually applies only to men).

philanthropic more philanthropic most philanthropic adj
filantropijny
Of or pertaining to philanthropy; characterized by philanthropy; loving or helping mankind

philanthropist philanthropists n
filantrop filantropka
A person who loves humankind in general.

philanthropy /fɪˈlæn.θɹə.pi/ /fɪˈlæn.θɹə.piː/ philanthropies n
filantropia
(chiefly, _, uncountable) Benevolent altruism with the intention of increasing the well-being of humankind.

philately /fɪˈlæt.ə.li/ philatelies n
filatelistyka
Stamp collecting.
The study of postage stamps, postal routes, postal history, etc.

philhellenism philhellenisms n
filhellenizm
A 19th-century intellectual movement which supported the independence of Greece from the Ottoman Empire.

philistine /-lə-/ /-stin/ /fɪˈlɪstin/ /ˈfɪlɪstaɪn/ /ˈfɪlɪˌstaɪn/ more philistine most philistine adj
filisterski
(derogatory) Ignorant or uneducated; specifically, lacking appreciation for or antagonistic towards art or culture, and having pedestrian tastes.

philistine /-lə-/ /-stin/ /fɪˈlɪstin/ /ˈfɪlɪstaɪn/ /ˈfɪlɪˌstaɪn/ philistines n
filister
(derogatory) A person who is ignorant or uneducated; specifically, a person who lacks appreciation of or is antagonistic towards art or culture, and who has pedestrian tastes.

philistinism philistinisms n
mieszczaństwo
A materialistic attitude accompanied by ignorance of artistic or cultural matters.

philological adj
filologiczny
(linguistics) Pertaining to historical linguistics.

philologist philologists n
filolog filolożka
A person who engages in philology (historical linguistics), especially as a profession; a collector of words and their etymologies.

philology /fɪˈlɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /fɪˈlɒl.ə.d͡ʒɪ/ /fɪˈlɔl.ə.d͡ʒi/ philologies n
filologia
(philosophy) Love and study of learning and literature, broadly speaking.

philosopher /fəˈlɑsəfəɹ/ /fɪˈlɒs.ə.fə(ɹ)/ philosophers n
filozof filozofka mędrzec
(archaic) A person who applies the principles of philosophy to the conduct of their life, as by acting calmly and rationally in the face of inevitable change.
(archaic) A student, scholar, or expert in any branch of knowledge, especially those branches studied prior to being considered part of pure science.

philosopher's stone philosopher's stones n
kamień filozoficzny tynktura
(alchemy, uncountable) A supposed substance able to turn base metals, such as lead or mercury, into gold or silver, also sometimes claimed to cure any illness (as panacea) or confer immortality (as elixir of life), among other functions.

philosophical /ˌfɪləˈsɑfɪkl̩/ /ˌfɪləˈsɒfɪkl̩/ more philosophical most philosophical adj
filozoficzny
Of, or pertaining to, philosophy.

philosophically more philosophically most philosophically adv
filozoficznie
In a philosophical manner.

philosophy /fɪˈlɑsəfi/ /fɪˈlɒsəfi/ philosophies n
filozofia
(uncountable, originally) The love of wisdom.
(uncountable) An academic discipline that seeks truth through reasoning rather than empiricism, often attempting to provide explanations relating to general concepts such as existence and rationality.
(countable) A comprehensive system of belief.
(countable) A view or outlook regarding fundamental principles underlying some domain.
(countable) A general principle (usually moral).

philtrum /ˈfɪl.tɹəm/ philtra philtrums n
rynienka podnosowa
(anatomy) The shallow vertical groove running from the nasal septum to the center of the upper lip.

phimosis /faɪˈmoʊ.sɪs/ /fʌɪˈməʊ.sɪs/ phimoses n
stulejka
(symptom) A contraction of the foreskin (either as a stage of development or a pathological condition), which prevents it from being retracted.

phishing /ˈfɪʃɪŋ/ n
wyłudzanie danych
The act of circumventing security with an alias.

phlebo- /fləˈbɒ-/ /ˈflɛboʊ-/ /ˈflɛbə-/ /ˌflɛboʊ-/ /ˌflɛbə-/ prefix
flebo-

phlegm /fliːm/ /flɛm/ phlegms n
orosienie
flegma śluz
Viscid mucus produced by the body, later especially mucus expelled from the bronchial passages by coughing. [from 14th c.]

phlegmatic /flɛɡˈmætɪk/ more phlegmatic most phlegmatic adj
flegmatyczny
Not easily excited to action or passion; calm; sluggish.

phloem /ˈfloʊ.əm/ /ˈfloʊ.ɛm/ /ˈfləʊ.əm/ /ˈfləʊ.ɛm/ phloems n
łyko floem
(botany) A vascular tissue in land plants primarily responsible for the distribution of sugars and nutrients manufactured in the shoot.

phlogiston /flə(ʊ)ˈd͡ʒɪstɒn/ /flə(ʊ)ˈd͡ʒɪstən/ phlogistons n
flogiston
(chemistry, historical) The hypothetical fiery principle formerly assumed to be a necessary constituent of combustible bodies and to be given up by them in burning.

phlox /flɒks/ /flɔks/ phlox phloxes n
floks płomyk
Any flowering plant of the genus Phlox.

phobia /ˈfoʊbi.ə/ /ˈfəʊbɪə/ phobiae phobias phobiæ n
fobia
An irrational, abnormal, or obsessive fear (of something).

phocomelia /ˌfəʊkəˈmiːlɪə/ phocomelias n
fokomelia
A congenital disorder of the limbs, the affected person being born with abnormally short or missing bones and flipper-like hands or feet.

phoenix /ˈfiːnɪks/ phoenices phoenix phoenixes n
feniks
(Chinese mythology) A mythological Chinese chimerical bird whose physical body symbolizes the six celestial bodies; a fenghuang.

phon phons n
fon
(acoustics) A unit of apparent loudness, equal in number to the intensity in decibels of a 1,000-hertz tone judged to be as loud as the sound being measured.

phone /foʊ̯n/ /fəʊ̯n/ phones n
głoska
(phonetics) A speech segment that possesses distinct physical or perceptual properties, considered as a physical event without regard to its place in the phonology of a language.

phone /foʊ̯n/ /fəʊ̯n/ v
telefonować dzwonić zadzwonić zatelefonować
(transitive) To call (someone) using a telephone.

phone sex n
seks przez telefon
An erotic or sexual telephone conversation between two or more people.

phoneme /ˈfoʊnim/ /ˈfəʊniːm/ phonemes n
fonem
An indivisible unit of sound in a given language. A phoneme is an abstraction of the physical speech sounds (phones) and may encompass several different phones.

phonemic /fəʊˈniːmɪk/ /fəˈniːmɪk/ adj
fonemiczny
(linguistics) Relating to phonemes.

phonemic merger phonemic mergers n
utożsamienie
(phonology) The phenomenon in which two different phonemes merge and become replaced by a single phoneme.

phonendoscope phonendoscopes n
fonendoskop
A form of stethoscope used in auscultation

phonetic /fəˈnɛt.ɪk/ [fəˈnɛɾɪk] adj
fonetyczny
Relating to the sounds of spoken language.
(linguistics) Relating to phones (as opposed to phonemes).

phonetician /ˌfoʊ.nəˈtɪʃ.(ə)n/ /ˌfɑ.nəˈtɪʃ.(ə)n/ /ˌfɒn.ɪˈtɪʃ.(ə)n/ /ˌfɔn.ɪˈtɪʃ.(ə)n/ /ˌfəʊ.nɪˈtɪʃ.(ə)n/ phoneticians n
fonetyczka fonetyk
A person who specializes in the physiology, acoustics, and perception of speech.

phonetics /fəˈnɛtɪks/ n
fonetyka
(linguistics) The study of the physical sounds of human speech, concerned with the physical properties of speech sounds (phones), and the processes of their physiological production, auditory reception, and neurophysiological perception, and their representation by written symbols.

phoniatrics n
foniatria

phono- /fəˈnɒ-/ /ˈfoʊnoʊ-/ /ˈfoʊnə-/ /ˌfoʊnoʊ-/ /ˌfoʊnə-/ prefix
fono-
Relating to sound

phonograph /ˈfoʊnəˌɡɹæf/ /ˈfəʊnəˌɡɹɑːf/ phonographs n
fonograf adapter
(British, historical) A device that records or plays sound from cylinder records.

phonological /ˌfoʊ̯nəˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/ /ˌfɑnəˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/ /ˌfɒnəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/ /ˌfəʊ̯nəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/ adj
fonologiczny
Of or relating to phonology.

phonologist /fəˈnɑləd͡ʒɪst/ phonologists n
fonolog
(linguistics) A person who specializes in phonology, the functional use of sounds in language.

phonology /foʊ-/ /fəˈnɑləd͡ʒi/ /fəˈnɒləd͡ʒi/ /fəˈnɔləd͡ʒi/ phonologies n
fonologia
(uncountable) The study of the way sounds function in languages, including accent, intonation, phonemes, stress, and syllable structure, and which sounds are distinctive units within a language; (countable) the way sounds function within a given language; a phonological system. [from late 18th c.]
(by extension, uncountable) The study of the way components of signs function in a sign language, and which components are distinctive units within the language; (countable) the way components of signs function within a given sign language.

phonon /ˈfoʊ.nɑn/ /ˈfoʊ.nɔn/ phonons n
fonon
(physics) The quantum of acoustic or vibrational energy (sound), considered a discrete particle rather than a wave.

phononic adj
fononiczny fononowy
Relating to the study of phonons.

phonotactics /ˈfoʊnoʊˌtæktɪks/ /ˈfoʊnəˌtæktɪks/ /ˈfəʊnə(ʊ)ˌtaktɪks/ n
fonotaktyka
(linguistics, phonology) A branch of phonology that deals with the restrictions a language applies to combinations of phonemes.

phosphate /ˈfɑsfeɪt/ /ˈfɒsfeɪt/ phosphates n
fosforan
(chemistry) Any salt or ester of phosphoric acid.

phosphor /ˈfɑsfɚ/ /ˈfɒsfə/ phosphors n
luminofor
(chemistry) Any of various compounds of transition metals or of rare earths that exhibit phosphorescence.

phosphorescence /ˌfɑs.fəˈɹɛs.əns/ /ˌfɒs.fəˈɹɛs.əns/ phosphorescences n
fosforescencja
The emission of light without any perceptible heat; the quality of being phosphorescent.

phosphorescent more phosphorescent most phosphorescent adj
fosforescencyjny
Having the property of emitting light for a period of time after the source of excitation is taken away, e.g., in electrostatic storage tubes and cathode-ray tubes.

phosphoric acid n
kwas fosforowy
(inorganic compound) A colourless liquid, H3PO4, used in the manufacture of fertilizers, detergents and pharmaceuticals and as an additive in cola drinks.

phosphorous acid n
kwas fosfonowy
(chemistry) a yellowish hygroscopic solid, H3PO3; a mild reducing agent

phosphorus /ˈfɑs.fɚ.əs/ /ˈfɒs.fə.ɹəs/ /ˈfɒs.fɹəs/ phosphori phosphoruses n
fosfor
(chemistry) a chemical element (symbol P) with an atomic number of 15, that exists in several allotropic forms.

phosphorylation phosphorylations n
fosforylacja
(biochemistry) the process of transferring a phosphate group from a donor to an acceptor; often catalysed by enzymes.

photic more photic most photic adj
fotyczny świetlny
Of, related to, or irradiated by light; especially describing that part of the near-surface ocean is which photosynthesis is possible.

photic zone photic zones n
strefa fotyczna
The part of the near-surface body of an ocean or lake that receives enough sunlight for photosynthesis to be possible.

photo album photo albums n
album na zdjęcia album ze zdjęciami
A book with a collection of photographs placed inside.

photo booth photo booths n
fotobudka
A coin-operated kiosk used to take photographs, typically used for passport photographs.

photo shoot photo shoots n
sesja zdjęciowa
A session in which a photographer takes shots of an individual or group.

photo- prefix
foto-
light, electromagnetic radiation

photobiology n
fotobiologia
The study of the effects of light on living organisms, and on biological processes

photoconductivity photoconductivities n
fotoprzewodnictwo
(physics) The increase in the electrical conductivity of a material as a result of incident electromagnetic radiation.

photocopier photocopiers n
kserokopiarka fotokopiarka ksero kserograf
A machine which reproduces documents by photographing the original over a glass plate and printing duplicates.

photocopy /ˈfəʊtəˌkɒpi/ photocopies n
ksero kserokopia
A copy made using a photocopier.

photocopy /ˈfəʊtəˌkɒpi/ v
kserować skserować
To make a copy using a photocopier.

photodocument v
fotodokument

photodocumentation photodocumentations n
fotodokumentacja

photoelectric adj
fotoelektryczny
Of or relating to the electric effects of electromagnetic radiation, especially the ejection of an electron from a surface by a photon.

photoelectron photoelectrons n
fotoelektron
(physics) An electron ejected from the surface of a material by the photoelectric effect.

photogenic /ˌfoʊ.toʊˈd͡ʒɛn.ɪk/ /ˌfoʊ.təˈd͡ʒɛn.ɪk/ /ˌfəʊ.təʊˈd͡ʒɛn.ɪk/ more photogenic most photogenic adj
fotogeniczny
Looking good when photographed.

photogrammetry photogrammetries n
fotogrametria
The making of precise measurements from photographs.
The making of maps from photographs, especially from aerial surveying.

photograph /ˈfoʊ.tə.ˌɡɹæf/ /ˈfəʊ.tə.ˌɡɹɑːf/ [ˈfoʊ̯.ɾə.ˌɡɹ̠æf] [ˈfəʊ̯.tʰə̥.ˌɡɹ̠ɑːf] photographs n
fotografia zdjęcie fotka
A picture created by projecting an image onto a photosensitive surface such as a chemically treated plate or film, CCD receptor, etc.

photograph /ˈfoʊ.tə.ˌɡɹæf/ /ˈfəʊ.tə.ˌɡɹɑːf/ [ˈfoʊ̯.ɾə.ˌɡɹ̠æf] [ˈfəʊ̯.tʰə̥.ˌɡɹ̠ɑːf] v
fotografować sfotografować
(transitive, intransitive) To take a photograph (of).

photographer /fəˈtɑɡɹəfɚ/ /fəˈtɒɡɹəfə/ photographers n
fotograf fotografka
One who takes photographs, typically as an occupation.

photographic /ˌfoʊtəˈɡɹæfɪk/ [ˌfoʊɾəˈɡɹæfɪk] more photographic most photographic adj
fotograficzny
Pertaining to photographs or photography.

photography /fəˈtɑ.ɡɹə.fi/ /fəˈtɒ.ɡɹə.fi/ photographies n
fotografia zdjęcie
The art and technology of producing images on photosensitive surfaces, and its digital counterpart.
fotografowanie fotografia
The occupation of taking (and often printing) photographs.

photoinducibility n
zdolność do fotoindukcji

photoinducible adj
zdolny do fotoindukcji

photoinduction photoinductions n
fotoindukcja

photojournalism n
fotoreporterstwo
A form of journalism in which a story is told primarily through photographs and other images

photojournalist photojournalists n
fotoreporter fotoreporterka
A journalist who uses photojournalism.

photokeratitis n
ślepota śnieżna
A painful condition of the eyes caused by exposure of unprotected eyes to ultraviolet (UV) rays.

photolysis n
fotoliza
(chemistry) Any chemical reaction in which a compound is decomposed after absorbing a photon

photometer /fəˈtɑmɪtɚ/ /fəˈtɒmɪtə(ɹ)/ /ˈfoʊtoʊˌmitɚ/ /ˈfəʊtəʊˌmiːtə(ɹ)/ photometers n
fotometr
(physics) Any of several instruments used to measure various aspects of the intensity of light.

photometry photometries n
fotometria
(physics) The measurement of various aspects of light, especially its intensity.

photomontage photomontages n
fotomontaż
(photography) A composite image combining two or more photographs.

photon /ˈfəʊtɒn/ photons n
foton
(particle) The quantum of light and other electromagnetic energy, regarded as a discrete particle having zero rest mass, no electric charge, and an indefinitely long lifetime. It is a gauge boson.

photonic adj
fotoniczny fotonowy
of, or relating to photons or to photonics

photonics /foʊˈtɑnɪks/ n
fotonika
(sciences) The science and technology of generating and controlling photons, particularly in the visible and near infrared light spectrum.

photophobia photophobias n
światłowstręt
(medicine) Excessive sensitivity to light and the aversion to bright light; abnormal fear of light.

photosensitive more photosensitive most photosensitive adj
światłoczuły
having a reaction to, or able to be affected by, light

photoshop photoshops n
fotoszopować photoshopować
A digitally altered image.

photoshopped adj
sfotoszopowane sphotoshopowane
Of an image: digitally edited or altered.

photosphere photospheres n
fotosfera
(astronomy) A visible surface layer of a star, and especially that of a sun.

photosynthesis /ˌfoʊ.toʊ.ˈsɪn.θə.sɪs/ /ˌfəʊ.təʊ.ˈsɪn.θə.sɪs/ [ˌfŏʊ.ɾoʊ.ˈsɪn̪.θə.sɪs] [ˌfəʊ.tʰəʊ.ˈsɪn̪.θə.sɪs] photosyntheses n
fotosynteza
(biology) Any process by which plants and other photoautotrophs convert light energy into chemical energy.

photosynthetic more photosynthetic most photosynthetic adj
fotosyntetyczny
Of, relating to, or employing photosynthesis.

phototaxis phototaxes n
fototaksja
(biology) The movement of an organism either towards or away from a source of light

phototherapy phototherapies n
fototerapia światłolecznictwo
The use of light to treat disorders of the skin, and certain mood disorders.

phototoxic more phototoxic most phototoxic adj
fototoksyczny
(medicine, of a medicine or cosmetic) Causing damage to the skin when exposed to light.

phototransistor phototransistors n
fototranzystor
(electronics) Any semiconductor device whose electrical characteristics are light-sensitive.

phrase /fɹeɪz/ phrases n
fraza wyrażenie zdanie
A short written or spoken expression.
fraza wypowiedzenie
(grammar) A word or, more commonly, a group of words that functions as a single unit in the syntax of a sentence, usually consisting of a head, or central word, and elaborating words.
fraza
(music) A small section of music in a larger piece.

phrase book phrase books n
rozmówki
A usually pocket-sized book consisting of everyday expressions and vocabulary in two languages and intended for travellers who wish to communicate with locals while in other countries.

phraseological /ˌfɹeɪziəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/ adj
frazeologiczny
Of or pertaining to phraseology.

phraseology /fɹeɪziˈɑləd͡ʒi/ /fɹeɪziˈɒləd͡ʒɪ/ /fɹeɪzˈɑləd͡ʒi/ phraseologies n
frazeologia
Study of set or fixed expressions.
The style in which words and phrases are used in writing or speech.
A group of specialized words and expressions used by a particular group.

phrasing /ˈfɹeɪzɪŋ/ phrasings n
sformułowanie
The way a statement is put together, particularly in matters of style and word choice.
fraza sformułowanie
(music) The way the musical phrases are put together in a composition or in its interpretation, with changes in tempo, volume, or emphasizing one or more instruments over others.

phrenology phrenologies n
frenologia
(medicine, biology) The science or now discredited pseudo-science, which studies the relationships between a person's character and the morphology (structure) of the skull.

phthisis /ˈ(f)θaɪsɪs/ /ˈtaɪsɪs/ phthises n
suchoty
(archaic) An atrophy of the body or part of the body, especially pulmonary tuberculosis.

phyllo /ˈfaɪloʊ/ /ˈfaɪləʊ/ /ˈfiːloʊ / /ˈfiːləʊ/ phyllos n
ciasto filo
A type of dough, originating in Mediterranean cuisine, that is used in thin layers to make pastries (such as baklava and apple strudel) and pies and becomes very flaky when cooked.

phylo- prefix
filo-
tribes, races or phyla

phylogenetics /ˌfaɪləd͡ʒəˈnɛtɪks/ n
filogeneza
(biology, systematics) The study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups of organisms, through computational methods that focus on observed heritable traits.

physalis /faɪˈseɪlɪs/ /ˈfaɪsəlɪs/ /ˈfɪsəlɪs/ physalises n
miechunka
Any plant of the genus Physalis.

physical /ˈfɪzɪkəl/ more physical most physical adj
fizyczny cielesny
Pertaining to the world as understood through the senses rather than the mind; tangible, concrete; real. Having to do with the material world. [from 16th c.]
Having to do with the body as opposed to the mind; corporeal, bodily. [from 18th c.]

physical education n
wychowanie fizyczne gimnastyka wuef
An element of an educational curriculum concerned with bodily development, physical health and wellness, strength, physical co-ordination, and agility.

physical quantity physical quantities n
wielkość fizyczna
(physics) A physical property that can be measured or calculated from other physical property and expressed as the product of a numerical value and a physical unit.

physically /ˈfɪzɪkli/ more physically most physically adv
fizycznie
In a physical manner.
According to the laws of physics.
Using physical force.

physician /fɪˈzɪʃən/ physicians n
doktorka lekarka medyczka
A practitioner of physic, i.e. a specialist in internal medicine, especially as opposed to a surgeon; a practitioner who treats with medication rather than with surgery.
lekarz doktor lekarka doktorka medyczka medyk
A medical doctor trained in human medicine.

physician, heal thyself proverb
lekarzu, lecz się sam lekarzu, ulecz samego siebie

physicist /ˈfɪzɪsɪst/ physicists n
fizyk
A person whose occupation specializes in the science of physics, especially at a professional level.

physics /ˈfɪz.ɪks/ n
fizyka
The branch of science concerned with the study of the properties and interactions of space, time, matter and energy.

physio- prefix
fizjo-

physiography physiographies n
fizjografia
(geography) The subfield of geography that studies physical patterns and processes of the Earth. It aims to understand the forces that produce and change rocks, oceans, weather, and global flora and fauna patterns.

physiological /ˌfɪz.i.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/ /ˌfɪz.i.əˈlɒd͡ʒ.i.kəl/ /ˌfɪz.i.əˈlɔd͡ʒ.i.kəl/ more physiological most physiological adj
fizjologiczny
Of, or relating to physiology.

physiologist physiologists n
fizjolog
A person who studies or specializes in physiology.

physiology /ˌfɪziˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌfɪziˈɒləd͡ʒi/ physiologies n
fizjologia
A branch of biology that deals with the functions and activities of life or of living matter (as organs, tissues, or cells) and of the physical and chemical phenomena involved.

physiotherapeutic more physiotherapeutic most physiotherapeutic adj
fizjoterapeutyczny
Of or relating to physiotherapy.

physiotherapist physiotherapists n
fizjoterapeuta fizjoterapeutka
A therapist who treats physical injury or dysfunction, usually with exercise.

phyto- /faɪtoʊ/ /faɪtəʊ/ prefix
fito-
Pertaining to or derived from plants.

phytochemical adj
fitochemiczny
Pertaining to the chemistry of plants. [from 19th c.]

phytochemistry n
fitochemia
(chemistry, botany) The scientific study of the chemicals found in plants.

phytoestrogen /ˌfaɪ.toʊˈɛ.stɹəd͡ʒ.ən/ /ˌfaɪ.təʊˈiː.stɹəd͡ʒ.ən/ phytoestrogens n
fitoestrogen

phytopathology n
fitopatologia
The study of plant diseases; plant pathology

phytopharmacology n
fitofarmakologia
The study of medicine from plant sources

phytoplankton /ˌfaɪ.toʊˈplæŋk.tən/ /ˌfaɪ.təʊˈplæŋk.tən/ /ˌfaɪ.təˈplæŋk.tən/ phytoplanktons n
fitoplankton
Plankton, especially those small in size, that obtain energy by photosynthesis.

phytosterol phytosterols n
fitosterol

phytotherapist phytotherapists n
fitoterapeuta fitoterapeutka
One who practices phytotherapy.

phytotherapy phytotherapies n
fitoterapia
(medicine) The use of plant extracts for medical purposes.

pi /paɪ/ pis n
pi
The 16th letter of the Classical and Modern Greek alphabets and the seventeenth in Old Greek.
(mathematics) An irrational and transcendental constant representing the ratio of the circumference of a Euclidean circle to its diameter; approximately 3.14159265358979323846264338327950; usually written π.

pia mater pia maters n
opona miękka
(anatomy) The innermost of the meninges, the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord.

piaffe v
piaff
To ride a horse in this way.

pianist /piˈænɪst/ /ˈpi.ənɪst/ pianists n
pianista pianistka
A person who plays the piano, particularly with skill or as part of an orchestra.

pianistic more pianistic most pianistic adj
pianistyczny
Suitable for playing on a piano, well-suited to piano playing.

pianistics n
pianistyka
(music) The art or technique of playing the piano.

piano /paɪˈænoʊ/ /piˈænoʊ/ /piˈænəʊ/ pianoes pianos n
pianino fortepian
(musical instruments) a percussive keyboard musical instrument, usually ranging over seven octaves, with white and black colored keys, played by pressing these keys, causing hammers to strike strings [from 1803]

piano maker piano makers n
fortepianista
Maker of pianos.

piano nobile piani nobili piano nobiles n
piano nobile
(architecture) The floor of a building where the principal bedrooms and main reception rooms are found, very often on the first or second floor in older buildings.

picador /ˈpɪkədɔː(ɹ)/ picadores picadors n
pikador
(bullfighting) A lancer mounted on horseback who assists a matador.

picaresque /pɪkəˈɹɛsk/ more picaresque most picaresque adj
awanturniczy łotrzykowski
Of or pertaining to adventurers or rogues.

picaresque /pɪkəˈɹɛsk/ picaresques n
powieść łotrzykowska
(literature) A picaresque novel.

picaresquely more picaresquely most picaresquely adv
awanturniczo

piccolo /ˈpɪkl̩oʊ/ /ˈpɪkoloʊ/ /ˈpɪkəloʊ/ /ˈpɪkələʊ/ piccoli piccolos n
flet piccolo piccolo pikolo pikulina
A piccolo flute A transverse flute that is smaller than a Western concert flute and pitched nearly an octave higher.
piccolo
A bottle of champagne containing 0.1875 litres of fluid, one quarter the volume of a standard bottle.

pick /pɪk/ [pʰɪk] picks n
czekan kilof oskard
A tool used for digging; a pickaxe.
czekan kilof oskard wytrych
A tool for unlocking a lock without the original key; a lock pick, picklock.
kandydat możliwość wyboru prawo wyboru wybór
A choice; ability to choose.
zasłona
(basketball) A screen.

pick /pɪk/ [pʰɪk] v
wybrać wybierać
dłubać gmerać grzebać
To grasp and pull with the fingers or fingernails.
(dated) To peck at, as a bird with its beak; to strike at with anything pointed; to act upon with a pointed instrument; to pierce; to prick, as with a pin.
zbierać zrywać
To harvest a fruit or vegetable for consumption by removing it from the plant to which it is attached; to harvest an entire plant by removing it from the ground.

pick one's battles v
uczestniczyć tylko w pewnych bitwach
To involve oneself in disputes only if one is likely to win.
walczyć tylko w ważnych dla siebie sprawach
To take a stand for a cause only if it is truly important enough to be worth the costs.

pick one's nose v
dłubać w nosie
(idiomatic) To insert a finger or other object into one's nostril to remove obstructions, especially dried mucus.

pick up v
zajechać zajeżdżać
(transitive, ) To collect an object, especially in passing.
podnieść się podnosić się
(intransitive) To improve, increase, or speed up.
zaczynać zacząć
(intransitive) To restart or resume.
podnosić odebrać podnieść posprzątać sprzątać zaczynać
(transitive) To learn, to grasp; to begin to understand; to realize.
odebrać
(transitive, ) To notice, detect or discern; to pick up on
(transitive, or, intransitive) To answer a telephone.
(intransitive, of a phone) To receive calls; to function correctly.
podrywać bałamucić chodzić za kimś poderwać podwalać się robić zaloty
(transitive, and, intransitive, _, with on) To meet and seduce somebody for romantic purposes, especially in a social situation.

pick up the pace v
podkręcać tempo podkręcić tempo przyspieszać tempo przyspieszyć tempo zwiększać tempo zwiększyć tempo
(idiomatic) To begin moving or working faster.

pick up the phone v
odbierać telefon odebrać telefon
To pick up the receiver of a telephone, generally with the intention of making a phone call.

pick-up line pick-up lines n
podryw
A short introduction or comment intended to garner romantic or sexual interest from a stranger.

pick-up sticks n
bierki

pickaxe /ˈpɪkˌæks/ pickaxes n
kilof czekan oskard
A heavy iron tool with a wooden handle; one end of the head is pointed, the other has a chisel edge.

picket /ˈpɪkɪt/ pickets n
sztacheta
A stake driven into the ground.

pickle /ˈpɪkl̩/ pickles n
ogórek kiszony ogórek w occie
(chiefly, US, Canada, Australia) A cucumber preserved in a solution, usually a brine or a vinegar syrup.
kiszonka kwaszonka marynata
(often, in the plural) Any vegetable preserved in vinegar and consumed as relish.
pikiel
The brine used for preserving food.

pickle /ˈpɪkl̩/ v
kisić
(transitive, ergative) To preserve food (or sometimes other things) in a salt, sugar or vinegar solution.

pickled more pickled most pickled adj
kiszony
Preserved by pickling.

pickling /ˈpɪk.lɪŋ/ picklings n
kiszenie marynowanie peklowanie
An instance of processing something in brine or in vinegar.

pickpocket /ˈpɪkpɒkɪt/ pickpockets n
kieszonkowiec
One who steals from the pocket of a passerby, usually by sleight of hand.

pickup pickups n
przetwornik przystawka
An electronic device for detecting sound, vibration, etc., such as one fitted to an electric guitar or record player.
podryw
An instance of approaching someone and engaging in romantic flirtation and courting with the intent to pursue romance, a date, or a sexual encounter.
znajdźka
(video games) An item that can be picked up by the player, conferring some benefit or effect; a power-up.
odebranie
The act of answering a telephone.
dokrętka
(film) A relatively minor shot filmed or recorded after the fact to augment previous footage.
odbiór
The act of collecting and taking away something or someone, usually in a vehicle.

pickup truck pickup trucks n
pick-up pikap półciężarówka
(chiefly, North America, Singapore) A light truck with an open cargo bed.

picky eater picky eaters n
wybredny

picnic /ˈpɪknɪk/ picnics n
piknik
The meal eaten at such a gathering.

picric acid n
kwas pikrynowy
(chemistry) 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, C6H2(NO2)3, prepared by the nitration of phenol or of aspirin; a toxic, yellow, explosive substance used in dyes, explosives, and as an antiseptic

pictogram pictograms n
piktogram
A picture that represents a word or an idea by illustration.

pictorial /pɪkˈtɔɹi.əl/ pictorials n
ilustrowany magazyn
A newspaper or magazine with many pictures, or section thereof.

picture /ˈpɪk(t)ʃə/ /ˈpɪk(t)ʃɚ/ /ˈpɪt͡ʃɚ/ pictures n
obraz rysunek
A representation of anything (as a person, a landscape, a building) upon canvas, paper, or other surface, by drawing, painting, printing, photography, etc.
zdjęcie fotografia
A photograph.
film kino
(in the plural, informal) ("the pictures") Cinema (as a form of entertainment).

picture book picture books n
książka obrazkowa
A book for young children in which the narrative is accompanied by illustrations.

picture dictionary picture dictionaries n
słownik fotograficzny
A dictionary that includes pictures to help identify things.

picture plane picture planes n
płaszczyzna na pierwszym planie

picturesque /pɪkt͡ʃəˈɹɛsk/ more picturesque most picturesque adj
malowniczy
Resembling or worthy of a picture or painting; having the qualities of a picture or painting; pleasingly beautiful.

piculet piculets n
dzięciolnik
A small woodpecker of the genus Picumnus and other genera in subfamily Picumninae.

pide /paɪd/ /ˈpiːde/ /ˈpiːdeɪ/ pides n
pide
The bread combined with various toppings cooked to form a common Turkish meal; Turkish pizza.

pidgin /ˈpɪ.d͡ʒən/ /ˈpɪ.d͡ʒɪn/ pidgins n
pidżyn pidgin pidżin
(linguistics) An amalgamation of two disparate languages, used by two populations having no common language as a lingua franca to communicate with each other, lacking formalized grammar and having a small, utilitarian vocabulary and no native speakers.

pie /paɪ/ /pɑɪ/ pies n
ciasto placek
A type of pastry that consists of an outer crust and a filling.

pie chart pie charts n
diagram kołowy
A pictorial graph in the shape of a circle, with segments representing related proportions

pie iron pie irons n
tostownica opiekacz
An electrical device for making sandwiches.

piece /piːs/ pieces n
część kawałek element
A part of a larger whole, usually in such a form that it is able to be separated from other parts.
sztuka
A single item belonging to a class of similar items.
pionek
(chess) One of the figures used in playing chess, specifically a higher-value figure as distinguished from a pawn; by extension, a similar counter etc. in other games.
moneta
A coin, especially one valued at less than the principal unit of currency.
(baseball, uncountable) Used to describe a pitch that has been hit but not well, usually either being caught by the opposing team or going foul. Usually used in the past tense with get.
sztuka dzieło praca utwór
An artistic creation, such as a painting, sculpture, musical composition, literary work, etc.

piece of cake /ˈpiːsə(v)ˈkeɪk/ pieces of cake n
bułka z masłem
(idiomatic) A job, task or other activity that is pleasant – or, by extension, easy or simple.

piece of furniture pieces of furniture n
mebel
An item of furniture; any item, such as a table or cupboard, that constitutes furniture.

piece of paper pieces of paper n
papierek
A single sheet or scrap of paper.

piece of shit pieces of shit n
zasraniec
(idiomatic, derogatory, vulgar) A despicable person.

piece work n
akord
Work that a worker is paid for according to the number of units produced, rather than the number of hours worked; work done and paid for by the piece or by the job.

piecemeal /ˈpiːs.miːl/ adj
fragmentaryczny wyrywkowy
Made or done in pieces or one stage at a time.

piecemeal /ˈpiːs.miːl/ adv
po kawałku po trochu
Piece by piece; in small amounts, stages, or degrees.
na kawałki
Into pieces or parts.

pieceworker pieceworkers n
akordowiec akordnik
A worker who is paid according to the number of units of work produced.

pied /paɪd/ more pied most pied adj
pstry
Decorated or colored in blotches.

pied bushchat pied bushchats n
kląskawka czarna
Saxicola caprata, an Asian flycatcher

pied kingfisher pied kingfishers n
rybaczek srokaty
Ceryle rudis, a species of kingfisher found in Asia and Africa.

pied wheatear pied wheatears n
białorzytka pstra
Oenanthe pleschanka, an Old World flycatcher native to Asia

pied-à-terre /pi.eɪ.dəˈtɛə/ /pi.eɪ.dəˈtɛɹ/ pieds-à-terre n
stancja
A smaller temporary or secondary lodging; a second home, especially one in the city.

piedfort piedforts n
podwójnie gruba moneta

piemontite /ˈpiməntaɪt/ /ˈpiːmɒntaɪt/ piemontites n
piemontyt
(mineral) A monoclinic sorosilicate mineral of the epidote group, reddish in colour.

pier /pɪə(ɹ)/ /pɪɹ/ piers n
molo pomost pirs
A raised platform built from the shore out over water, supported on piles; used to secure, or provide access to shipping; a jetty.
molo
A similar structure, especially at a seaside resort, used to provide entertainment.
filar
A structure supporting the junction between two spans of a bridge.
(architecture) A rectangular pillar, or similar structure, that supports an arch, wall or roof, or the hinges of a gate.

piercing /ˈpɪəsɪŋ/ /ˈpɪɹsɪŋ/ piercings n
piercing
A hole made in the body so that jewellery can be worn through it.

pierogi /pəˈɹoːɡi/ /pɛˈɾoːɡi/ pierogi pierogies pierogis n
pieróg
(North America) A square- or crescent-shaped dumpling of unleavened dough, stuffed with sauerkraut, cheese, mashed potatoes, cabbage, onion, meat, or any combination of these, or with a fruit filling.

pietism /ˈpʌɪətɪz(ə)m/ pietisms n
pietyzm
(Christianity, often capitalized) A movement in the Lutheran church in the 17th and 18th centuries, calling for a return to practical and devout Christianity.

piety /ˈpaɪ.ɪ.ti/ pieties n
pobożność bogobojność
(uncountable, religion) Reverence and devotion to God.

piffle /ˈpɪf.əl/ v
mówić bzdury zachowywać się głupio
To act or speak in a futile, ineffective, or nonsensical manner.

pig /ˈpɪɡ/ pigs n
świnia
Any of several mammalian species of the genus Sus, having cloven hooves, bristles and a nose adapted for digging; especially the domesticated animal Sus domesticus.
pies
(now, chiefly, US, UK, Australia, derogatory, slang) A police officer. [From ante 1785.]
świntuch
(engineering) A device for cleaning or inspecting the inside of an oil or gas pipeline, or for separating different substances within the pipeline. Named for the pig-like squealing noise made by their progress.

pig Latin n
świńska łacina
A type of wordplay in which (English) words are altered by moving the leading phonetic of a word to the end and appending -ay [eɪ̯], except when the word begins with a vowel, in which case "-way" [weɪ̯] is suffixed with no leading phonetic change. {| class="examples floatright" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; border-collapse:separate;-moz-box-sizing: content-box; margin: 6px 0 16px 23px; padding: 5px; width: 18em;" ! style="text-align: left; border-bottom: 1px solid #DDD"
Examples |- | style="font-size:100%;padding-left: 10px;" | "please be quiet or I'll cry" becomes "ease-play e-bay iet-quay or-way I'll-way y-cray" |}

pig in a poke pigs in a poke pigs in pokes n
kot w worku kupować kota w worku
(idiomatic) Something whose true value is concealed or unknown and may be lower than expected by the buyer or claimed by the seller, especially something offered for sale.

pig iron n
surówka
A type of crude, brittle iron shaped like a block, unsuitable for working but suitable for casting, commonly used as an industrial raw material.

pigeon /ˈpɪ.d͡ʒən/ /ˈpɪ.d͡ʒɪn/ pigeons n
gołąb
One of several birds of the family Columbidae, which consists of more than 300 species.

pigeon fancier pigeon fanciers n
gołębiarz
A person who keeps pigeons as pets.

pigeonhole principle pigeonhole principles n
zasada szufladkowa
(mathematics) The theorem which states that any partition of a finite set of n elements into m (< n) subsets (allowing empty subsets) must include a subset with two or more elements; any of certain reformulations concerning the partition of infinite sets where the cardinality of the unpartitioned set exceeds that of the partition (so there is no one-to-one correspondence).

piggy bank piggy banks n
skarbonka świnka-skarbonka
A small container, sometimes in the form of a pig, to store small saved coins in. Often the "bank" must be broken open to retrieve the contents.

piggyback adv
na barana
On somebody's back or shoulders.

piglet /ˈpɪɡ.lət/ piglets n
prosię prosiak browek
A young pig

pigment /ˈpɪɡ.mənt/ pigments n
pigment
(biology) Any color in plant or animal cells
A dry colorant, usually an insoluble powder

pigment /ˈpɪɡ.mənt/ v
pigmentować
(transitive) To add color or pigment to something.

pigshit n
gówno świni

pigsty /ˈpɪɡstaɪ/ pigsties n
chlew
An enclosure where pigs are kept, either a building or part of one.
(colloquial) A dirty or very untidy place.

pigtail /ˈpɪɡ.teɪl/ pigtails n
kucyk mysi ogonek warkocz warkoczyk
A braided plait of hair; now especially, either of two braids or "tails" on the side of the head. [from 18th c.]
świński ogon
The tail of a pig.

pika /ˈpaɪkə/ pikas n
szczekuszka
Any of several small, furry mammals, similar to guinea pigs, but related to rabbits, of the family Ochotonidae, from the mountains of North America and Asia.

pike /paɪk/ pikes n
pika dzida spisa
(military, historical) A very long spear used two-handed by infantry soldiers for thrusting (not throwing), both for attacks on enemy foot soldiers and as a countermeasure against cavalry assaults.
szpic sztych
A sharp, pointed staff or implement.
szczupak
Any carnivorous freshwater fish of the genus Esox, especially the northern pike, Esox lucius.

pike pole pike poles n
bosak
A particular kind of long tool with various uses in firefighting and similar in timber rafting

pilaf pilafs n
pilaw
A dish made by browning grain, typically rice, in oil and then cooking it with a seasoned broth, to which meat and/or vegetables may be added.

pilaster /pɪˈlastə/ /pɪˈlæstɚ/ pilasters n
pilaster
(structural, _, architecture) A column or short wing wall attached to the foundation wall which provides lateral support, or to support a vertical load that does not fall on the foundation wall.

pile /paɪl/ piles n
stos sterta
A mass of things heaped together; a heap.

pile driver pile drivers n
kafar
A machine for forcing a pile, a long beam, into the ground as part of the construction of a foundation; usually by raising a weight and then dropping it on the beam.

pile up v
nawarstwiać się nawarstwić się
(idiomatic, intransitive) To collect or accumulate, as a backlog.

pile-up pile-ups n
karambol
A pile of crashed vehicles due to a traffic accident.

pileous /ˈpɪliəs/ more pileous most pileous adj
włosowy
(uncomparable) Of, pertaining to, or consisting of hair.

pileus /ˈpɪliəs/ pilei n
pilos
(historical, Ancient Rome) A conical felt hat worn in Ancient Rome and Greece.
kapelusz
The top of the head of a bird, from the bill to the nape.

pilfer /ˈpɪl.fə/ /ˈpɪl.fɚ/ v
podkradać
(ambitransitive) To steal in small quantities, or articles of small value; to practise petty theft.

pilgrim /ˈpɪlɡɹɪm/ pilgrims n
pielgrzym pątnik
One who travels, especially on a journey to visit sites of religious significance.

pilgrimage /ˈpɪlɡɹɪmɪd͡ʒ/ pilgrimages n
pielgrzymka pąć
A journey made to a sacred place, or a religious journey.

pilgrimage /ˈpɪlɡɹɪmɪd͡ʒ/ v
pielgrzymować
To go on a pilgrimage.

pill /pɪl/ [pʰɪɫ] pills n
pigułka tabletka pastylka
(broadly) A small, usually round or cylindrical object designed for easy swallowing, usually containing some sort of medication.
pigułka tabletka antykoncepcyjna
(informal, uncountable, definite, i.e. used with "the") Contraceptive medication, usually in the form of a pill to be taken by a woman; an oral contraceptive pill.

pill /pɪl/ [pʰɪɫ] v
mechacić się zmechacić się
(intransitive, textiles) Of a woven fabric surface, to form small matted balls of fiber.

pillage /ˈpɪl.əd͡ʒ/ /ˈpɪl.ɪd͡ʒ/ v
plądrować
(ambitransitive) To loot or plunder by force, especially in time of war.

pillar /ˈpɪlə/ /ˈpɪlɚ/ pillars n
filar
(architecture) A large post, often used as supporting architecture.
filar podstawa
(figuratively) An essential part of something that provides support.

pillory /ˈpɪləɹi/ pillories n
dyby gąsior
A framework on a post, with holes for the hands and head, used as a means of punishment and humiliation.

pillow /ˈpɛloʊ/ /ˈpɪloʊ/ /ˈpɪləʊ/ pillows n
poduszka zagłówek
A soft cushion used to support the head in bed.

pillowcase /ˈpɘlɐʉˌkæes/ /ˈpɘlɘˌkæes/ /ˈpɪloʊˌkeɪs/ /ˈpɪləʊˌkeɪs/ /ˈpɪləˌkeɪs/ pillowcases n
poszewka powłoczka
A washable, easily removable cloth cover for pillows.

pilot /ˈpaɪlət/ adj
pilotażowy próbny testowy
Made or used as a test or demonstration of capability.

pilot /ˈpaɪlət/ pilots n
sternik
A person who steers a ship, a helmsman.
pilot
A person who knows well the depths and currents of a harbor or coastal area, who is hired by a vessel to help navigate the harbor or coast.
(television) A sample episode of a proposed TV series produced to decide if it should be made or not. If approved, typically the first episode of an actual TV series.
pilot lotnik lotniczka pilotka
(aviation) A person who is in charge of the controls of an aircraft.

pilot /ˈpaɪlət/ v
pilotować
(transitive) To control (an aircraft or watercraft).
(transitive) To guide (a vessel) through coastal waters.
prowadzić program pilotażowy
(transitive) To test or have a preliminary trial of (an idea, a new product, etc.)

pilot whale pilot whales n
grindwal
Either of two species of whale in the genus Globicephala, dark grey in colour.

piloti pilotis n
podparcie nad wodą

pilotless adj
bezpilotowy
Not having a pilot.

pilsner pilsners n
pilzner
A pale, light lager beer.

pimp /pɪmp/ pimps n
alfons sutener
Someone who solicits customers for prostitution and acts as manager for a group of prostitutes; a pander.

pimp up v
odpicować odpicowywać picować
(informal, transitive) To decorate or prettify in a showy manner.

pimpernel /ˈpɪmpənɛl/ pimpernels n
kurzyślad
Any of various plants of the genus Anagallis, having small red, white or purple flowers, especially the scarlet pimpernel (Anagallis arvensis). [from 15th c.]

pimping /ˈpɪmpɪŋ/ pimpings n
stręczycielstwo sutenerstwo
The practise of managing and hiring out prostitutes.

pimple /ˈpɪmp(ə)l/ pimples n
pryszcz krosta
(dermatology) An inflamed (raised and colored) spot on the surface of the skin that is usually painful and fills with pus.

pin /pɪn/ [pʰɪn] pins n
szpilka
A needle without an eye (usually) made of drawn-out steel wire with one end sharpened and the other flattened or rounded into a head, used for fastening.
zawleczka
A cylinder often of wood or metal used to fasten or as a bearing between two parts.
kręgiel
A slender object specially designed for use in a specific game or sport, such as skittles or bowling.
styk
(electricity) Any of the individual connecting elements of a multipole electrical connector.
związanie
(chess) Either a scenario in which moving a lesser piece to escape from attack would expose a more valuable piece to being taken instead, or one where moving a piece is impossible as it would place the king in check.

pin /pɪn/ [pʰɪn] v
przyszpilać przyszpilić
(often followed by a preposition such as "to" or "on") To fasten or attach (something) with a pin.

pince-nez /pænsˈneɪ/ /pæ̃sˈneɪ/ pince-nez n
binokle cwikier
temple-less eyeglasses that clip to the bridge of the nose

pincer attack pincer attacks n
manewr okrążający
(military) An attack in which two or more forces attack from multiple sides at once.

pincers /ˈpɪnsəɹz/ n
obcęgi kleszcze
A gripping tool, pivoted like a pair of scissors, but with blunt jaws.

pinch /pɪnt͡ʃ/ pinches n
szczypanie szczypnięcie
The action of squeezing a small amount of a person's skin and flesh, making it hurt.
szczypta
A small amount of powder or granules, such that the amount could be held between fingertip and thumb tip.

pinch /pɪnt͡ʃ/ v
szczypać szczypnąć
To squeeze a small amount of a person's skin and flesh, making it hurt.

pincushion /ˈpɪnˌkʊʃ(ə)n/ /ˈpɪnˌkʊʃn̩/ pincushions n
poduszeczka podduszeczka na igły
(sewing) A device, originally like a small, stuffed cushion, designed to have sewing pins and needles stuck into it to store them safely; some modern pincushions hold the objects magnetically.

pindjur n
pindżur

pine /paɪn/ pines n
sosna
(countable, uncountable) Any coniferous tree of the genus Pinus.
(countable) Any tree (usually coniferous) which resembles a member of this genus in some respect.
(uncountable) The wood of this tree.
tęsknota
(archaic) A painful longing.

pine /paɪn/ v
marnieć oklapnąć stracić werwę/animusz słabnąć
(intransitive) To languish; to lose flesh or wear away through distress.
usychać z tęsknoty umierać z tęsknoty
(intransitive) To long, to yearn so much that it causes suffering.
obchodzić żałobę opłakiwać
(transitive) To grieve or mourn for.
znęcać się
(transitive) To inflict pain upon; to torment.

pine bunting pine buntings n
trznadel białogłowy
Emberiza leucocephalos, a passerine bird in the bunting family Emberizidae.

pine grosbeak pine grosbeaks n
łuskowiec
Pinicola enucleator, a large member of the true finch family, Fringillidae.

pine needle pine needles n
igła sosnowa
An adult leaf of an adult pine tree.

pine nut /ˈpaɪn ˌnʌt/ pine nuts n
orzeszek piniowy
The edible seed of any of several species of evergreen pine, especially Pinus pinea, Pinus cembra, and Pinus cembroides.

pineal gland /ˈpaɪ.niːəl ˌɡlænd/ /ˈpɪ.niːəl ˌɡlænd/ pineal glands n
szyszynka
(anatomy, neuroanatomy) A small, pinecone-shaped endocrine gland found near the centre of the brain that produces melatonin.

pineapple /ˈpaɪnæpəl/ /ˈpaɪnəpəl/ /ˌpaɪnˈæpəl/ pineapples n
ananas
(uncountable) The flesh of a pineapple fruit used as a food item.
(slang) An Australian fifty dollar note.
A decorative carving of a pineapple fruit used as a symbol of hospitality.
(slang) A hand grenade. (From the similarity to the shape of a pineapple fruit.)

pineapplelike more pineapplelike most pineapplelike adj
ananasowaty

pinery pineries n
ananasarnia
A hothouse or (tropical) area used as a plantation for the cultivation of pineapple plants (genus Ananas) and production of their homonymous fruit.

pinesap pinesaps n
korzeniówka
A myco-heterotroph (Monotropa hypopitys), formerly thought to be a saprophyte, having racemes of drooping flowers.

pinewood pinewoods n
sośnina
(uncountable) The wood of a pine
bór las sosnowy
(countable) A forest or grove of pine trees, either natural or as a plantation

pinhead /ˈpɪn.hɛd/ pinheads n
kurzy móżdżek ptasi móżdżek
(slang) A foolish or stupid person.

pink /pɪŋk/ [pʰɪŋk] pinker pinkest adj
różowy róż
Having a colour between red and white; pale red.

pink /pɪŋk/ [pʰɪŋk] pinks n
goździk
(color) A colour reminiscent of pinks, the flowers. [from 17th c.]
róż różowy
Pale red.

pink elephant pink elephants n
białe myszki

pink salmon pink salmon pink salmons n
gorbusza
A Pacific salmon of species Oncorhynchus gorbuscha

pink-footed goose pink-footed geese n
gęś krótkodzioba
Anser brachyrhynchus, a goose that breeds in Greenland, Iceland, etc.

pinky promise pinky promises n
obietnica na mały paluszek
(informal) A promise made by entwining one's pinky finger with another person's.

pinna /ˈpɪnə/ pinnae pinnas n
małżowina uszna ucho zewnętrzne
(anatomy) The visible part of the ear that resides outside of the head, the auricle; outer ear excluding the ear canal.

pinnacle /ˈpɪnəkəl/ pinnacles n
pinakiel sterczyna fiala
(architectural element) An upright member, generally ending in a small spire, used to finish a buttress, to constitute a part in a proportion, as where pinnacles flank a gable or spire.

pinniped pinnipeds n
płetwonogie
Any of various large marine mammals belonging to the superfamily (formerly considered a suborder) Pinnipedia comprising walruses, eared seals and earless seals.

pinocytosis n
pinocytoza
(biology) A form of endocytosis in which material enters a cell through its membrane and is incorporated in vesicles for digestion.

pinscher /ˈpɪnʃə(ɹ)/ pinschers n
pinczer
Any of several breeds of dog.

pint /paɪnt/ pints n
pinta półkwarta
16 US fluid ounces [473 millilitres] for liquids (a US liquid pint) or
A unit of volume, equivalent to:

pinwheel pinwheels n
wiatraczek
An artificial flower with a stem, usually plastic, for children: the flower spins round in the wind, like a small paper windmill.

pinworm pinworms n
owsik
Any of several nematode worms, of the family Oxyuridae, that are parasitic to mammals

pion /ˈpaɪɒn/ pions n
pion
(particle) Any of three semistable mesons, having positive, negative or neutral charge, composed of up and down quarks/antiquarks.

pioneer /ˌpaɪ.əˈniɹ/ /ˌpaɪ.əˈnɪə(ɹ)/ /ˌpaɪ.əˈnɪɹ/ pioneers n
pionier apostoł apostołka
One who goes before, as into the wilderness, preparing the way for others to follow.
pionier
(obsolete, military) A soldier detailed or employed to form roads, dig trenches, and make bridges, as an army advances; a sapper.
(Communism) A member of a children’s organization operated by the Communist Party, typically in the second of three stages toward becoming an member of the Party itself.

pioneer species pioneer species n
gatunek pionierski
A hardy species that is among the first to colonize a previously disrupted or damaged ecosystem.

pioneering adj
pionierski nowatorski
Involving accomplishments or activities that have not been done before, or developing or using new methods or techniques.

pious /ˈpaɪəs/ more pious most pious adj
pobożny nabożny bogobojny zbożny
Of or pertaining to piety, exhibiting piety, devout, god-fearing.

pip /pɪp/ pips n
pestka
(obsolete) A pippin, seed of any kind.

pipa pipas n
pipa
A pear-shaped plucked lute from China.

pipe /paɪp/ pipes n
fujarka piszczałka
(musical instrument) A wind instrument consisting of a tube, often lined with holes to allow for adjustment in pitch, sounded by blowing into the tube. [from 10th c.]
kreska pionowa
The key or sound of the voice. [from 16th c.]
(lacrosse) One of the goalposts of the goal.
(computing, typography) The character |. [from 20th c.]
piszczałka
(music) A tube used to produce sound in an organ; an organ pipe. [from 14th c.]
rura
A rigid tube that transports water, steam, or other fluid, as used in plumbing and numerous other applications. [from 10th c.]
rurki
A type of pasta similar to macaroni.
potok
(computing) A mechanism that enables one program to communicate with another by sending its output to the other as input. [from 20th c.]

pipe dream pipe dreams n
marzenie ściętej głowy miraż mrzonka
(idiomatic) A plan, desire, or idea that will not likely work; a near impossibility.

pipeline /ˈpaɪpˌlaɪn/ pipelines n
rurociąg
A conduit made of pipes used to convey water, gas or petroleum etc.

pipette /paɪˈpɛt/ /pɪˈpɛt/ pipettes n
pipeta
(sciences) A small tube, often with an enlargement or bulb in the middle, and usually graduated, used for transferring or delivering measured quantities of a liquid. [from 19th c.]

piping hot /ˌpaɪ.pɪŋ ˈhɒt/ /ˌpaɪpɪŋ ˈhɑt/ adj
wrzący
(idiomatic) Very hot.

pipistrelle /pɪpɪˈstɹɛl/ pipistrelles n
karlik
Any of various species of bats of the genus Pipistrellus.

pipit /ˈpɪpɪt/ pipits n
świergotek
Any of various small passerine birds, mainly from the genus Anthus, that are often drab, ground feeding insectivores of open country.

piquancy piquancies n
pikanteria
The degree to which something is piquant, stimulating or exciting.

piracy /ˈpaɪɹəsi/ piracies n
piractwo
(nautical) Robbery at sea, a violation of international law; taking a ship away from the control of those who are legally entitled to it.
The unauthorized duplication of goods protected by intellectual property law.

piranha /pɪˈɹæn(j)ə/ /pɪˈɹɑn(j)ə/ /pɪˈɹɑːn(j)ə/ piranha piranhas n
pirania
(ichthyology) Any of the carnivorous or frugivorous freshwater fish living in South American rivers and belonging to the subfamily Serrasalminae.

piranha solution piranha solutions n
roztwór pirania
A mixture of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide.

pirate /ˈpaɪ̯(ə)ɹət/ /ˈpaɪ̯(ə)ɹɪt/ more pirate most pirate adj
piracki
Illegally imitated or reproduced, said of a trademarked product or copyrighted work, or of the counterfeit itself.

pirate /ˈpaɪ̯(ə)ɹət/ /ˈpaɪ̯(ə)ɹɪt/ pirates n
pirat korsarz
A criminal who plunders at sea; commonly attacking merchant vessels, though often pillaging port towns.
pirat
(by extension) One who breaks intellectual property laws by reproducing protected works without permission.

pirate /ˈpaɪ̯(ə)ɹət/ /ˈpaɪ̯(ə)ɹɪt/ v
piracić piratować
(transitive, intellectual property) To create and/or sell an unauthorized copy of.

pirouette /ˌpɪ.ɹuːˈɛt/ /ˌpɪ.ɹəˈwɛt/ /ˌpɪ.ɹʊˈɛt/ pirouettes n
piruet
A whirling or turning on the toes in dancing, primarily in ballet.
The whirling about of a horse.

pirozhki /pɪˈɹɒʃkɪ/ /pɪˈɹɒʒkɪ/ pirozhki pirozhkis n
pirożki
Small pastries filled with finely chopped meat, vegetables or fruit baked or fried, from eastern European cuisine, or a serving of these.

piscatory adj
rybacki
Of or pertaining to fishermen or fishing.

pisciculture /ˈpɪsɪˌkʌlt͡ʃə(ɹ)/ piscicultures n
hodowla ryb
The rearing or cultivation of fish.

piscine /ˈpaɪsaɪn/ /ˈpaɪsin/ /ˈpɪsaɪn/ /ˈpɪsin/ /ˈpɪskaɪn/ /ˈpɪsɪn/ adj
rybi
Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of fish; ichthyic.

piscivore /ˈpɪs(k)ɪvɔː/ /ˈpɪsɪvɔɹ/ piscivores n
rybojad
A fish eater.

piscivorous /pɪˈsɪvəɹəs/ more piscivorous most piscivorous adj
rybożerny
(chiefly, of birds) That feeds on fish; fish-eating.

piss /pɪs/ pisses n
siki szczyny
(somewhat vulgar, slang, usually, _, uncountable) Urine. [from 14th c.]

piss /pɪs/ v
szczać sikać

piss it down v
lać jak z cebra
(slang, vulgar) To rain heavily; piss down.

piss off interjection
spieprzaj
(Commonwealth, idiomatic, vulgar, dismissal) Go away!

piss oneself v
poszczać się zeszczać się
(UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Commonwealth, slang, vulgar) To wet oneself.
poszczać się (ze strachu) zeszczać się (ze strachu)
(UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Commonwealth, slang, vulgar) To be very scared (to the extent that one might lose control of one's bladder).
poszczać się (ze śmiechu) zeszczać się (ze śmiechu)
(UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Commonwealth, slang, vulgar) To laugh uncontrollably (to the extent that one might lose control of one's bladder).

piss water n
sikacz
(slang, vulgar) Cheap, inferior alcoholic drink.

pissed /pɪst/ more pissed most pissed adj
pijany
(UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Canada, mildly) Drunk.

pissed as a newt adj
nawalony jak Messerschmitt nawalony jak stodoła nawalony jak szpadel pijany jak świnia zalany w sztok zalany w trupa
(slang, simile) Drunk to the point of incapacity; inebriated.

pissed off more pissed off most pissed off adj
wkurwiony wkurzony
(idiomatic, mildly, _, vulgar, colloquial) Very annoyed, upset, angry. [from mid-20th c.]

pistachio /pɪsˈtæʃi.əʊ/ /pɪsˈtæʃioʊ/ /pɪsˈtɑʃioʊ/ pistachioes pistachios n
pistacja
The nutlike fruit of this tree.

pistachio green adj
pistacjowy

pistachio green pistachio greens n
pistacja

pistil pistils n
słupek
(botany) A discrete organ in the center of a flower capable of receiving pollen and producing a fruit, it is divided into an ovary, style and stigma. [from 18th c.]

pistol /ˈpɪstəl/ pistols n
pistolet
A handgun[1570s]
A creative and unpredictable jokester, a constant source of entertainment and surprises.

pistol squat pistol squats n
przysiad na jednej nodze

piston /ˈpɪstən/ pistons n
tłok odrzut
A solid disk or cylinder that fits inside a hollow cylinder, and moves under pressure (as in an engine) or displaces fluid (as in a pump)

piston ring piston rings n
pierścień tłokowy
A ring or seal that fits around a piston, sealing between the piston and the bore in which it slides.

pit /pɪt/ [pʰɪʔt] pits n
pestka
A seed inside a fruit; a stone or pip inside a fruit.
dół jama
Formerly, that part of a theatre, on the floor of the house, below the level of the stage and behind the orchestra; now, in England, commonly the part behind the stalls; in the United States, the parquet; also, the occupants of such a part of a theatre.

pit bull terrier pit bull terriers n
pitbul pitbull pitbullterier pitbulterier
A medium-sized dog historically bred for dogfighting.

pita /ˈpiːtə/ /ˈpɪtə/ pitas n
pita
A piece of pita bread; a flat bread pouch used for making sandwiches such as gyros or falafels.

pitch /pɪt͡ʃ/ pitches n
żywica
A sticky, gummy substance secreted by trees; sap.
rzut
A throw; a toss; a cast, as of something from the hand.
(baseball) The act of pitching a baseball.
wysokość dźwięku
(music, phonetics) The perceived frequency of a sound or note.
(music) The standard to which a group of musical instruments are tuned or in which a piece is performed, usually by reference to the frequency to which the musical note A above middle C is tuned.
smoła
A dark, extremely viscous material remaining in still after distilling crude oil and tar.
boisko pole rzut
(sports, UK, Australia, NZ) The field on which cricket, soccer, rugby, gridiron or field hockey is played. (In cricket, the pitch is in the centre of the field; see cricket pitch.) (Not often used in the US or Canada, where "field" is the preferred word.)
bajer
An effort to sell or promote something.
odstęp rozstaw
The distance between evenly spaced objects, e.g. the teeth of a saw or gear, the turns of a screw thread, the centres of holes, or letters in a monospace font.
kąt
The angle at which an object sits.

pitch /pɪt͡ʃ/ v
rozbić złożyć
(transitive) To assemble or erect (a tent).
(intransitive) To fix or place a tent or temporary habitation; to encamp.
rzucać rzucić
(intransitive, archaic) To alight; to settle; to come to rest from flight.

pitch accent pitch accents n
akcent toniczny
(phonology) Any of a variety of restricted tone systems that use variations in pitch to give prominence to a syllable or mora within a word. The placement of this tone or the way it is realized can give different meanings to otherwise similar words.

pitcher /ˈpɪtʃ.ə/ /ˈpɪt͡ʃ.ɚ/ [ˈpɪʔt͡ʃə] [ˈpɪʔt͡ʃɚ] pitchers n
dzban
A wide-mouthed, deep vessel for holding liquids, with a spout or protruding lip and a handle; a water jug or jar with a large ear or handle.
miotacz
(baseball, softball) The player who delivers the ball to the batter.

pitcher plant pitcher plants n
dzbanecznik kapturnica
Any of various insectivorous plants of the genera Sarracenia, Darlingtonia, Heliamphora, Nepenthes, or Cephalotus that have pitcher-like leaves or parts of leaves with slippery sides that attract and trap insects.

pitchfork /ˈpɪt͡ʃˌfɔɹk/ pitchforks n
widły
An agricultural tool comprising a fork with sparse, light tines, attached to a long handle, used for pitching hay (especially loose hay) high up onto a stack (as on a wagon or haystack, or into a haymow).

pitchstone pitchstones n
smołowiec
(geology) a natural glass, rich in microscopic crystallites, formed by the rapid cooling of lava or magma

pith /pɪθ/ piths n
medula miękisz
The soft, spongy substance inside plant parts; specifically, the parenchyma in the centre of the roots and stems of many plants and trees.

pithouse pithouses n
ziemianka
(archaeology) A primitive building partially dug into the ground and roofed over.

pithy /ˈpɪθi/ pithier pithiest adj
zwięzły
Concise and meaningful.

pitiful /ˈpɪt.ɪ.fl̩/ pitifuller pitifullest adj
żałosny
So appalling or sad that one feels or should feel sorry for it; eliciting pity.

pitiless /ˈpɪtɪləs/ more pitiless most pitiless adj
bezlitosny niemiłosierny
having, or showing, no pity; merciless, ruthless

pitman /ˈpɪt.mən/ pitmans pitmen n
górnik
(plural "pitmen") One who works in a pit, as in mining, in sawing timber, etc.

pittance /ˈpɪtəns/ [ˈpʰɪʔn̩s] pittances n
ostatki resztki
A small allowance of food and drink; a scanty meal.

pituitary /pɪˈtjuːɪt(ə)ɹi/ /pɪˈtuɪˌtɛɹi/ /pɪˈt͡ʃuːɪt(ə)ɹi/ pituitaries n
przysadka
(anatomy) The pituitary gland together with the pituitary stalk.

pituitary gland pituitary glands n
przysadka mózgowa
(anatomy) An endocrine gland, about the size of a pea, that sits in a small, bony cavity at the base of the brain whose secretions control the other endocrine glands and influence growth, metabolism, and maturation.

pity /ˈpɪ.ti/ pities n
litość współczucie
(uncountable) A feeling of sympathy at the misfortune or suffering of someone or something.
szkoda
(countable) Something regrettable.

pity /ˈpɪ.ti/ v
żałować pożałować

pivot /ˈpɪv.ət/ pivots n
rdzeń sworzeń trzpień
A thing on which something turns; specifically a metal pointed pin or short shaft in machinery, such as the end of an axle or spindle.

pivot table pivot tables n
tabela przestawna
(computing) A summary table used for automatic sorting, counting and averaging of the data in another table or spreadsheet.

pivotal /ˈpɪvətəl/ more pivotal most pivotal adj
kluczowe
Being of crucial importance; central, key.

pixel /ˈpɪksəl/ /ˈpɪksɛl/ pixels n
piksel
One of the tiny dots that make up the representation of an image in a computer's memory.

pizza /ˈpiːt.sə/ [ˈpʰit.sə] pizzas pizze n
pizza
(uncountable) A baked Italian dish of a thinly rolled bread crust typically topped before baking with tomato sauce, cheese, and other ingredients such as meat or vegetables.
(countable) A single instance of this dish.

pizza cutter pizza cutters n
radełko do pizzy
A wheel-bladed knife used for cutting pizzas.

pizzeria /ˌpiːt.səˈɹiː.ə/ pizzerias pizzerie n
pizzeria
A restaurant that bakes and sells pizzas.

pièce de résistance /piˈɛs də ɹəˈzɪs.tɑ̃s/ pièces de résistance n
gwóźdź programu
A masterpiece; the most memorable accomplishment of one’s career or lifetime.

piñata /pɪnˈjæ.tə/ /pɪnˈjɑː.tə/ piñatas n
piniata
(Latin American culture) A doll or other decorated container that is filled with candy and hit with a hammer or a stick by blindfolded children during birthday parties or other celebrations until the candy falls out.

placard /ˈplæk.ɑɹd/ /ˈplæk.ɑːd/ /ˈplæk.ɚd/ placards n
afisz plakat
A sheet of paper or cardboard with a written or printed announcement on one side for display in a public place.

place /pleɪs/ [pl̥eɪs] places n
miejsce
Any area of the earth: a region.
The position as a member of a sports team.
Numerically, the column counting a certain quantity.
miejsce siedzenie
The area one occupies, particularly somewhere to sit.
plac miejsce
An open space, particularly a city square, market square, or courtyard.
miejsce punkt
A location or position in space.

place of articulation places of articulation n
miejsce artykulacji
(phonetics, of a consonant) The point of contact, where an obstruction occurs in the vocal tract between an active (moving) articulator (typically some part of the tongue) and a passive (stationary) articulator (typically some part of the roof of the mouth).

place of worship places of worship n
miejsce modlitwy
A place, usually a building such as a church, mosque, synagogue or temple where believers can practise their faith.

placebo /pləˈsi.boʊ/ /pləˈsiː.bəʊ/ placeboes placebos n
placebo
(medicine) A dummy medicine containing no active ingredients; an inert treatment. [from 18th c.]

placebo effect placebo effects n
efekt placebo
(pharmacology) The tendency of any medication or treatment, even an inert or ineffective one, to exhibit results simply because the recipient believes that it will work.

placeholder /ˈpleɪsˌhoʊldɚ/ placeholders n
symbol zastępczy zamiennik
Something used or included temporarily or as a substitute for something that is not known or must remain generic; that which holds, denotes or reserves a place for something to come later.

placenta /pləˈsɛntə/ placentae placentas n
łożysko
(botany) In flowering plants, the part of the ovary where ovules develop; in non-flowering plants where the spores develop.

placid /ˈplæs.ɪd/ placider placidest adj
spokojny łagodny
calm and quiet; peaceful; tranquil

plafond /pləˈfɒn(d)/ plafonds n
plafon
A ceiling, especially one that is ornately decorated.
A painting or decoration on a ceiling.

plagiarism /ˈpleɪd͡ʒəˌɹɪzm/ plagiarisms n
plagiat
(uncountable) Copying of another person's ideas, text, or other creative work, and presenting it as one's own, especially without permission; plagiarizing.

plagiarist /ˈpleɪd͡ʒəɹɪst/ plagiarists n
plagiator plagiatorka
One who plagiarizes; or lifts the words, writings, or ideas of another, and passes them off as his or her own, thus engaging in plagiarism; a literary thief

plagiarize /ˈpleɪd͡ʒi.əɹaɪz/ /ˈpleɪd͡ʒəɹaɪz/ v
plagiatować zrzynać
(ambitransitive) To use, and pass off as one's own, someone else's writing, speech, ideas, or other intellectual or creative work, especially in an academic context; to commit plagiarism.

plague /pleɪɡ/ /plɛɡ/ [pʰl̥eɪɡ] [pʰɫ̥ɛːɡ] plagues n
dżuma
(often used with the, sometimes capitalized: the Plague) The bubonic plague, the pestilent disease caused by the virulent bacterium Yersinia pestis.
mangina
A widespread affliction, calamity or destructive influx, especially when seen as divine retribution.

plaice /pleɪs/ plaice plaices n
gładzica
Pleuronectes platessa (European plaice), commonly found in the North Sea and Irish Sea, with smooth brown skin and red or orange spots.

plaid /plad/ /pled/ /plæd/ plaids n
pled
A length of such material used as a piece of clothing, formerly worn in the Scottish Highlands and other parts of northern Britain and remaining as an item of ceremonial dress worn by members of Scottish pipe bands. [from 16thc.]
w kratkę
The typical chequered pattern of a plaid; tartan. [from 19thc.]

plain /pleɪn/ [pl̥eɪn] plainer plainest adj
prosty zwyczajny zwykły
Ordinary; lacking adornment or ornamentation; unembellished. [from 14th c.]
nieprzyprawiony nieprzyprawny
Evident to one's senses or reason; manifest, clear, unmistakable. [from 14th c.]

plain /pleɪn/ [pl̥eɪn] plains n
równina
An expanse of land with relatively low relief and few trees, especially a grassy expanse.

plain Jane plain Janes n
szara mysz
(informal) A young woman or girl of average or unremarkable appearance.

plain as day adj
jak na dłoni

plain leaf warbler plain leaf warblers n
świstunka afgańska
Phylloscopus neglectus, a species of Old World warbler in the family Phylloscopidae.

plain-winged antshrike plain-winged antshrikes n
chronka czarnoglowa
a passerine bird of the antbird family, Thamnophilus schistaceus

plainspoken more plainspoken most plainspoken adj
bezpośredni

plaintiff /ˈpleɪntɪf/ plaintiffs n
powód powódka
(law, UK, _, historic, otherwise, current) A party bringing a suit in civil law against a defendant; accuser.

plan /plæn/ [plɛən] [pʰl̥æn] plans n
abrys schemat
A drawing showing technical details of a building, machine, etc., with unwanted details omitted, and often using symbols rather than detailed drawing to represent doors, valves, etc.
plan
A set of intended actions, usually mutually related, through which one expects to achieve a goal.
A two-dimensional drawing of a building as seen from above with obscuring or irrelevant details such as roof removed, or of a floor of a building, revealing the internal layout; as distinct from the elevation.

plan /plæn/ [plɛən] [pʰl̥æn] v
projektować zaprojektować
(transitive) To design (a building, machine, etc.).
planować zaplanować
(transitive) To create a plan for.
(intransitive) To intend.

plan out v
rozplanować rozplanowywać
(transitive) to plan, organize, make a plan for something

planation /pleɪˈneɪʃən/ /pləˈneɪʃən/ planations n
gradacja planacja
(geology) The formation of a flat surface by erosion and deposition

planche /plɑːnt͡ʃ/ planches n
deska
(gymnastics) A position where the gymnast is horizontal and face-down, using only the hands as support.

plane /pleɪn/ planer planest adj
poziomy płaski równy
Of a surface: flat or level.

plane /pleɪn/ planes n
równia
A level or flat surface.
strug hebel
(countable, carpentry) A tool for smoothing wood by removing thin layers from the surface.
samolot
An airplane; an aeroplane.
platan
(countable) A deciduous tree of the genus Platanus.
płaszczyzna
(geometry) A flat surface extending infinitely in all directions (e.g. horizontal or vertical plane).
poziom wymiar
A level of existence or development.

plane /pleɪn/ v
strugać heblować
(transitive, carpentry) To smooth (wood) with a plane.
szybować
To glide or soar.

plane angle plane angles n
kąt płaski
(geometry) An angle formed by two intersecting planes, measured by the angle between two intersecting straight lines that are in respective planes and perpendicular to the intersection of the planes.

plane tree plane trees n
platan
Any of various trees of the genus Platanus.

planet /ˈplænət/ /ˈplænɪt/ planets n
planeta
(now, historical, or, astrology) Each of the seven major bodies which move relative to the fixed stars in the night sky—the Moon, Mercury, Venus, the Sun, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. [from 14thc.]
(astronomy) A body which is massive enough to be in hydrostatic equilibrium (generally resulting in being an ellipsoid) but not enough to attain nuclear fusion and, in IAU usage, which directly orbits a star (or star cluster) and dominates the region of its orbit; specifically, in the case of the Solar system, the eight major bodies of Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. [from 2006]

planetarium /plænɪˈtɛːɹɪəm/ planetaria planetariums n
planetarium
A display museum in which images of stars and other astronomical phenomena are projected onto a domed ceiling.

planetary nebula planetary nebulae planetary nebulas n
mgławica planetarna
(astronomy) A nebulosity surrounding a dying red giant, consisting of material expelled by the star.

planetary science n
planetologia
That branch of astronomy that deals with the planets of the solar system.

planetary system planetary systems n
system planetarny układ planetarny

planetesimal planetesimals n
planetozymal
(astronomy) Any of many small, solid astronomical objects that orbit a star and form protoplanets through mutual gravitational attraction.

planetoid planetoids n
planetoida
(astronomy, dated) An asteroid of any size

planetology n
planetologia
(astronomy) The study of planets, planetary systems and the solar system.

planimeter planimeters n
planimetr
An integrating device used to measure the area of an irregular figure via tracing its outline.

planimetry planimetries n
planimetria

plank /plæŋk/ planks n
deska
A long, broad and thick piece of timber, as opposed to a board which is less thick.
Physical exercise in which one holds a pushup position for a measured length of time.

plankton /ˈplæŋk.tən/ plankton planktons n
plankton
(uncountable) Organisms, especially small and microscopic ones, that drift in water.

planktonic /plaŋkˈtɒnɪk/ /plæŋkˈtɑnɪk/ adj
planktonowy
Of or pertaining to plankton.

planless more planless most planless adj
bezplanowy

planlessly adv
bezplanowo

planlessness n
bezplanowość

planned economy planned economies n
gospodarka nakazowo-rozdzielcza gospodarka planowa

planning permission /ˈplænɪŋ pəˈmɪʃən/ /ˈplænɪŋ pɚˈmɪʃən/ planning permissions n
projekt budowlany
(Britain, construction, law) Legal permission granted by a government authority to construct on one's land, or to change the use of the land. [from mid 1940s]

plant /plænt/ /plɑːnt/ [pʰl̥eənt] [pʰl̥ænt] [pʰl̥ɑːnt] plants n
roślina roślina zielna
(botany) An organism that is not an animal, especially an organism capable of photosynthesis. Typically a small or herbaceous organism of this kind, rather than a tree.
roślina
(botany) An organism of the kingdom Plantae; now specifically, a living organism of the Embryophyta (land plants) or of the Chlorophyta (green algae), a eukaryote that includes double-membraned chloroplasts in its cells containing chlorophyll a and b, or any organism closely related to such an organism.
(ecology) Now specifically, a multicellular eukaryote that includes chloroplasts in its cells, which have a cell wall.

plant /plænt/ /plɑːnt/ [pʰl̥eənt] [pʰl̥ænt] [pʰl̥ɑːnt] v
sadzić zasadzić
(ambitransitive) To place (a seed or plant) in soil or other substrate in order that it may live and grow.
podkładać podrzucać podrzucić podłożyć
(transitive) To place (an object, or sometimes a person), often with the implication of intending deceit.

plant-based adj
roślinny
Based on plants; especially, of a diet, consisting mostly or wholly of foods derived from plants.

plantain /ˈplæn.teɪn/ /ˈplæntɪn/ /ˈplɑːntɪn/ [ˈplaː(n)ʔn̩] plantains n
babka
A plant of the genus Plantago, with a rosette of sessile leaves about 10 cm (4") long with a narrow part instead of a petiole, and with a spike inflorescence with the flower spacing varying widely among the species. See also psyllium.
banan rajski banan właściwy banan zwyczajny figa błogosławiona figa rajska muza
The fruit of the plant, usually cooked before eating and used like potatoes.

plantaris plantares n
mięsień podeszwowy
(muscles) A muscle running at the posterior compartment of the calf from the knee to over the hump of the heel.

plantation /plænˈteɪʃən/ plantations n
plantacja
A large farm; estate or area of land designated for agricultural growth. Often includes housing for the owner and workers.

planter /ˈplæntə(ɹ)/ /ˈplɑːntə(ɹ)/ planters n
plantator
The owner of a plantation.

plaque /plak/ /plaːk/ /plæk/ /plɑːk/ [pʰl̥æk] plaques n
płyta tablica
(countable) Any flat, thin piece of clay, ivory, metal, etc., used for ornament, or for painting pictures upon, as a dish, plate, slab, etc., hung upon a wall; also, a smaller decoration worn by a person, such as a brooch.
tablica pamiątkowa
(countable) A piece of flat metal with writing on it, attached to a building, monument, or other structure to remind people of a person or an event.
blaszka
(countable, uncountable, pathology) An abnormal accumulation of material in or on an organ of the body, often associated with disease.

plasma /ˈplæzmə/ plasmas plasmata n
plazma osocze
(physics) A state of matter consisting of partially ionized gas and electrons.
(hematology) A clear component of blood or lymph containing fibrin.

plasmalemmal adj
błonowy

plasmon /ˈplazmɒn/ plasmons n
plazmon
(physics, astronomy) The quantum of waves produced by the collective effects of large numbers of electrons when disturbed from equilibrium.

plaster /ˈpla.stə/ /ˈplæs.tɚ/ /ˈplɑː.stə/ plasters n
gips tynk
(uncountable) A mixture of lime or gypsum, sand, and water, sometimes with the addition of fibres, that hardens to a smooth solid and is used for coating walls and ceilings; render, stucco.
gips
(countable) A cast made of plaster of Paris and gauze; a plaster cast.

plaster /ˈpla.stə/ /ˈplæs.tɚ/ /ˈplɑː.stə/ v
tynkować
(transitive) To hide or cover up, as if with plaster; to cover thickly.

plaster cast plaster casts n
gips
(surgery) A cast made of a stiff material (often plaster of Paris and gauze) in order to immobilize a broken bone for the period of healing.

plasterer plasterers n
tynkarz
A person whose occupation is to plaster walls.

plasterwork /ˈplæstɚˌwɝk/ plasterworks n
otynkowanie
Architectural work executed in plaster.

plastic /ˈplæstɪk/ /ˈplɑːstɪk/ [ˈpʰlæstɪk] more plastic most plastic adj
plastikowy plastik
Made of plastic. [from 20th c.]

plastic /ˈplæstɪk/ /ˈplɑːstɪk/ [ˈpʰlæstɪk] plastics n
plastik
A synthetic, solid, hydrocarbon-based polymer, whether thermoplastic or thermosetting.
(figurative, slang) insincerity; fakeness, or a person who is fake or arrogant, or believes that they are better than the rest of the population.

plastic art plastic arts n
sztuki plastyczne
An art form which involves physical manipulation of a three-dimensional medium by moulding or modeling such as sculpture or ceramics.

plastic bag plastic bags n
reklamówka foliówka zrywka
A type of packaging made of thin, flexible, plastic film, starch, or plastic textile, used for containing and transporting food, waste, and consumer goods. (This entry is a translation hub.)

plastic explosive plastic explosives n
plastik
Any of a number of explosive materials formulated to be soft and hand malleable.

plastic surgery plastic surgeries n
chirurgia plastyczna plastyka
Surgery to repair body parts, especially involving the transfer of tissue.

plasticity /ˈplæs.tɪs.ɪ.ti/ /ˈplɑːs.tɪs.ɪ.ti/ [ˈplæs.tɪs.ɪ.ɾi] [ˈpʰlæs.tɪs.ɪ.ti] [ˈpʰlæs.tɪs.ɪ.ɾi] plasticities n
plastyczność
(physics) The property of a solid body whereby it undergoes a permanent change in shape or size when subjected to a stress exceeding a particular value (the yield value).

plasticizer /ˈplæs.tɪ.saɪ.zə/ plasticizers n
plastifikator zmiękczacz
Any of various substances added to a material (such as plastic or concrete) in order to make it more pliable.

plastid plastids n
plastyd
(cytology) Any of various organelles found in the cells of plants and algae, often concerned with photosynthesis

plastron /ˈplæstɹən/ plastrons n
plastron
The nearly flat part of the shell structure of a tortoise or other animal, similar in composition to the carapace.
(fencing) A half-jacket worn under the jacket for padding or for safety.
A man's shirt-bosom.
A breastplate.
A film of air trapped by specialized hairs against the body of an aquatic insect, and which acts as an external gill.

plat du jour plats du jour n
danie dnia

plate /pleɪt/ [pʰl̥eɪt] plates n
talerz
A slightly curved but almost flat dish from which food is served or eaten.
danie
A course at a meal.
płyta
A flat object of uniform thickness.
blacha tablica rejestracyjna
(especially, Australia, ;, metonymy, plurale tantum) Vehicle license plates, registration plates.
klisza
(printing) An engraved surface used to transfer an image to paper.
(printing, photography) An image or copy.
tabliczka znamionowa
(chemistry) Any flat piece of material such as coated glass or plastic.

plate armour plate armours n
zbroja płytkowa
Metallic armour made of large pieces or plates.

plate girder plate girders n
blachownica

plate tectonics n
tektonika płyt
(geology) The large-scale movement of tectonic plates that contributes to continental drift.

plateau /plæˈtoʊ/ /ˈplætəʊ/ plateaus plateaux n
płaskowyż plateau
A largely level expanse of land at a high elevation; tableland.

platelet platelets n
trombocyt płytka krwi
(hematology, cytology) A small colorless disk-shaped particle found in the blood of mammals, which plays an important role in the formation of blood clots.

platform /ˈplætfɔɹm/ /ˈplætfɔːm/ platforms n
peron platforma
A raised floor for any purpose, e.g. for workmen during construction, or formerly for military cannon.

platform game platform games n
gra platformowa platformówka
(video game genre) A video game of the genre characterized by jumping (or otherwise moving) to and from suspended platforms or over obstacles.

platinum /pləˈtaɪn.əm/ /pləˈtiːn.əm/ /pləˈtɪn.əm/ /ˈplæt.nəm/ /ˈplæt.n̩.əm/ /ˈplæt.ɪn.əm/ adj
platynowa platynowy
Of a musical recording that has sold over one million copies (for singles), or two million (for albums).

platinum /pləˈtaɪn.əm/ /pləˈtiːn.əm/ /pləˈtɪn.əm/ /ˈplæt.nəm/ /ˈplæt.n̩.əm/ /ˈplæt.ɪn.əm/ platinums n
platyna
A whitish grey colour, like that of the metal.

platonic /pləˈtɑnɪk/ /pləˈtɒnɪk/ /pləˈtɔnɪk/ more platonic most platonic adj
platoniczny
Neither sexual nor romantic in nature; being or exhibiting platonic love.

platonic love platonic loves n
miłość platoniczna
Intimate but non-sexual affection.

platonically more platonically most platonically adv
platonicznie
In a platonic manner.

platoon /pləˈtuːn/ platoons n
pluton
(military) A unit of thirty to forty soldiers typically commanded by a lieutenant and forming part of a company.

platter platters n
półmisek
A tray for serving foods.
talerz
A main dish and side dishes served together on one plate.
(computing) One of possibly many disks on which data is stored in a mechanical hard drive.

platypus /ˈplætɪpəs/ /ˈplætɪˌpʊs/ platypi platypodes platypus platypuses n
dziobak
A semi-aquatic, egg-laying monotreme mammal with a bill resembling that of a duck, that has a mole-like body, a tail resembling that of a beaver, a waterproof pelt, and flat webbed feet – males have poisonous spurs on the inside of the back legs; Ornithorhynchus anatinus.

plausible /ˈploː.zɪ.bəl/ /ˈplɑ.zɪ.bəl/ /ˈplɔː.zə.bəl/ /ˈplɔː.zɪ.bəl/ more plausible most plausible adj
wiarygodny do przyjęcia prawdopodobny
Seemingly or apparently valid, likely, or acceptable; conceivably true or likely.
chwalebny godny pochwały
(obsolete) Worthy of being applauded; praiseworthy; commendable; ready.

plausible deniability n
wiarygodne zaprzeczenie
(politics, business, military, espionage) The organization of clandestine activity in such a way that knowledge of its existence may be denied by those in authority.

play /pleɪ/ [pʰl̥eɪ̯] plays n
gra
(uncountable) An individual's performance in a sport or game.
sztuka
(countable) A literary composition, intended to be represented by actors impersonating the characters and speaking the dialogue.
sztuka przedstawienie spektakl
(countable) A theatrical performance featuring actors.
zabawa
(uncountable, informal) Sexual activity or sexual role-playing.

play /pleɪ/ [pʰl̥eɪ̯] v
bawić się grać
(intransitive) To act in a manner such that one has fun; to engage in activities expressly for the purpose of recreation or entertainment.
grać grać w występować
(transitive, intransitive) To perform in (a sport); to participate in (a game).
grać muzykować
(transitive, especially, of a, person) To produce music (or a specified song or musical style) using (a specified musical instrument).
grać odtwarzać puścić
(transitive, ergative) To use a device to watch or listen to the indicated recording.

play big v
mierzyć wysoko

play both sides against the middle v
siedzieć na dwóch stołkach

play by ear v
grać ze słuchu
(transitive, and, intransitive, of, music) To play guided by one's musical ear, rather than from a written score.
improwizować puszczać na żywioł puścić na żywioł
(transitive, and, intransitive, idiomatic) To do by guessing, intuition, or trial and error; to react to events as they occur, often with risk of negative outcomes; improvise

play dirty v
grać nieczysto
To act dishonestly or unfairly.

play doctor v
bawić się w doktora
(sexuality, usually of minors) To explore or sexually engage with another person's private parts, particularly in the context of roleplay of a medical nature.

play dumb v
udawać Greka udać Greka
(idiomatic, informal) To pretend to be dumb, either:

play fair v
grać czysto grać uczciwie
To behave equitably and honestly.

play for love v
grać dla zabawy
(idiomatic) To play a game of cards without stakes.

play gooseberry v
być piątym kołem u wozu
(dated, UK, _, slang) To be an unwanted third party accompanying two lovers, to serve as a chaperon.

play hardball v
iść po trupach pójść po trupach

play hooky v
iść na wagary pójść na wagary
(idiomatic, US) To play truant; to avoid (informally: skip) school, work, or other duties (stay away from these without permission nor an excuse); to skive or to bunk off (UK);

play into someone's hands v
działać na czyjąś korzyść
To act, or to manage matters, to someone's advantage or benefit.

play it safe v
dmuchać na zimne
To take a cautious, risk-free approach.

play it straight v
grać w otwarte karty
(idiomatic) To behave in a manner that is straightforward, honest, or sincere.

play on words plays on words n
gra słów
(idiomatic) A pun, or similar humorous use of language such as a double entendre.

play second fiddle v
grać drugie skrzypce
(idiomatic, intransitive) To play a subsidiary or subordinate role to someone or something else.

play small v
mierzyć nisko

play the game v
trzymać się zasad
To behave fairly; to abide by the rules.

play the hand one is dealt v
używać tego, co jest dostępne

play tricks v
płatać figle spłatać figle
Of one's eyes, mind, etc.: to deceive or mislead one.

play truant v
wagarować
(intransitive) To be absent from school without permission.

play with v
bawić się
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see play with.
(transitive) To fiddle with; make small adjustments to, for example to something mechanical in order to improve its performance.
(transitive) To sexually stimulate (a person or a person's erogenous zone).

play with fire v
igrać z ogniem bawić się zapałkami
(idiomatic) To put oneself in a precarious situation with a high risk of getting harmed, particularly emotionally or financially.

playability playabilities n
grywalność
The state or property of being playable.
The quality and enjoyability of a game's gameplay.

playback playbacks n
playback
The replaying of something previously recorded, especially sound or moving images.

playboy /ˈpleɪbɔɪ/ /ˈpleɪˌbɔɪ/ playboys n
playboy
A single man, especially a wealthy one, who devotes himself to a life of leisure and pleasure, often sexual, without commitments or responsibilities.

playdate /pleɪ.deɪt/ playdates n
kinderbal
The occasion of a child having a friend come over to play at their house, traditionally scheduled by both children's parents.

player /ˈpleɪə(ɹ)/ /ˈpleɪɚ/ players n
aktor aktorka
(theater) An actor in a dramatic play.
gracz zawodnik graczka zawodniczka
One who plays any game or sport.
muzyk gracz
(music) One who plays on a musical instrument.
odtwarzacz
(computing) A software application that plays audio and/or video media, such as a media player.
(electronics) An electronic device that plays audio and/or video media.
ogier
(informal) A person who plays the field rather than having a long-term sexual relationship.

player piano player pianos n
pianola samogrające pianino
(musical instruments) An acoustic piano that is played automatically by mechanical means.

playful /ˈpleɪfəl/ more playful most playful playfuller playfullest adj
żartobliwy
funny, humorous, jesting, frolicsome.

playground /ˈpleɪɡɹaʊnd/ playgrounds n
plac zabaw
(outdoors) A large open space for children to play in, usually having dedicated play equipment (such as swings and slides). [1780]

playing card playing cards n
karta karta do gry
Any of the usually 52 rectangular pieces of card used to play numerous games, featuring either one to 10 pips or a picture and belonging of one of four suits.

playing field playing fields n
boisko
A field on which a game, especially a ball game, is played.

playlist /ˈpleɪˌlɪst/ /ˈpɫæɪ̯ˌɫɪst/ playlists n
playlista
(radio) A list of recorded songs scheduled to be played on a radio station.
lista odtwarzania playlista
(computing) A list of tracks or videos to be played in a particular sequence, as from an audio CD or a streaming service.

playoff playoffs n
baraż repasaż
A final game in a series needed to break a tie.
(US) A short series of games to select a league champion.

playpen playpens n
kojec (dla dziecka)
An enclosure in which babies or small children can play.

playwright /ˈpleɪˌɹaɪt/ playwrights n
dramaturg dramatopisarz dramatopisarka dramaturżka
A writer and creator of theatrical plays.

plaza /ˈplæzə/ /ˈplɑːzə/ plazas n
plac
A town's public square.

pleach /plit͡ʃ/ /pliːtʃ/ pleaches n
plecenie plecionka
An act or result of interweaving; specifically, (horticulture) a hedge or lattice created by interweaving the branches of shrubs, trees, etc.

pleach /plit͡ʃ/ /pliːtʃ/ v
pleść
(transitive) To unite by interweaving, as (horticulture) branches of shrubs, trees, etc., to create a hedge; to interlock, to plash.

plead /pliːd/ /plɛd/ v
błagać
(intransitive) To beg, beseech, or implore, especially emotionally.

pleasant /ˈplɛzənt/ more pleasant most pleasant pleasanter pleasantest adj
przyjemny
Giving pleasure; pleasing in manner.

pleasantly /ˈplɛzəntli/ more pleasantly most pleasantly adv
miło
In a pleasant manner; so as to achieve a pleasant result.

please /pliz/ /pliːz/ adv
proszę poprosiłbym
Used to make a polite request.
błagam błagam cię proszę cię
An expression of annoyance or impatience.

please /pliz/ /pliːz/ v
zadowalać cieszyć dogadzać dogodzić sprawiać przyjemność sprawić przyjemność
(ambitransitive) To make happy or satisfy; to give pleasure to.

please help me phraseologicalUnit
proszę pomóż mi
A request for help.

please pass the salt phraseologicalUnit
proszę podać sól proszę, podaj sól
(This entry is a translation hub.)

please repeat after me phraseologicalUnit
proszę powtarzać za mną
A request for the interlocutor to repeat what the speaker says next. Often used in language training.

please say that again phraseologicalUnit
Mogłabyś powtórzyć? Mógłbyś powtórzyć? Przepraszam, mogłaby pani powtórzyć? Przepraszam, mógłby pan powtórzyć?
Used as request for the interlocutor to repeat what he or she said previously.

please sit down phraseologicalUnit
proszę usiąść
Offering a seat to somebody.

please speak more slowly phraseologicalUnit
proszę mówić wolniej
Used to ask the interlocutor to speak more slowly.

please turn left phraseologicalUnit
proszę skręcić w lewo
When giving directions to a person (for example, a taxi driver), indicates that he or she should turn left.

please turn right phraseologicalUnit
proszę skręcić w prawo
When giving directions to a person (for example, a taxi driver), indicates that he or she should turn right.

pleased to meet you phraseologicalUnit
miło mi Pana poznać miło mi Panią poznać miło mi Państwa poznać miło mi cię poznać miło mi was poznać
A polite formula used when being introduced to somebody.

pleasing /ˈplizɪŋ/ /ˈpliːzɪŋ/ more pleasing most pleasing adj
miły przyjemny
Agreeable; giving pleasure, cheer, enjoyment or gratification.

pleasing fungus beetle /ˈplizɪŋ ˈfʌŋɡəs ˈbitl̩/ /ˈplizɪŋ ˈfʌŋɡəs ˈbiɾl̩/ /ˈpliːzɪŋ ˈfʌŋɡəs ˈbiːtəl/ pleasing fungus beetles n
zadrzewkowate
Any of the fungus beetles of the family Erotylidae.

pleasurable /ˈplɛʒəɹəbəl/ more pleasurable most pleasurable adj
przyjemny
That gives pleasure

pleasure /ˈplɛʒə/ /ˈplɛʒɚ/ pleasures n
przyjemność
(uncountable) A state of being pleased or contented; gratification.

pleasure craft pleasure craft n
łódź spacerowa
A boat used for recreational activities, such as sport fishing or touring.

pleat /pliːt/ pleats n
plisa
(sewing) A fold in the fabric of a garment, usually a skirt, as a part of the design of the garment, with the purpose of adding controlled fullness and freedom of movement, or taking up excess fabric. There are many types of pleats, differing in their construction and appearance.

plebeian /pliˈbiːən/ /plɛˈbiːən/ more plebeian most plebeian adj
plebejski
(historical) Of or concerning the plebs, the common citizens of ancient Rome.

plebeian /pliˈbiːən/ /plɛˈbiːən/ plebeians n
plebejusz
(historical, Ancient Rome) A member of the plebs, the common citizens of ancient Rome.

plebiscite /-sɪt/ /ˈplɛbəˌsaɪt/ /ˈplɛbɪsaɪt/ plebiscites n
plebiscyt
(law, politics) A direct popular vote on an issue of public importance, such as an amendment to the constitution, a change in the sovereignty of the nation, or some government policy.

plebs /plɛbz/ n
plebs
The common people, especially (pejorative) the mob.

plectrum /ˈplɛk.tɹəm/ plectra plectrums n
plektron kostka
(music) A small piece of plastic, metal, ivory, etc., for plucking the strings of a guitar, lyre, mandolin, etc.

pledge /plɛd͡ʒ/ pledges n
obietnica
A solemn promise to do something.
zastaw
(law) A bailment of personal property to secure payment of a debt without transfer of title.

pledge /plɛd͡ʒ/ v
obiecać
To make a solemn promise (to do something).
złożyć zastaw
To deposit something as a security; to pawn.

pleiad pleiads n
plejada
A group of illustrious or talented people, especially one with seven members.

plenary /ˈpliːnəɹi/ /ˈplɛnəɹi/ more plenary most plenary adj
plenarny walny
Fully attended; for everyone's attendance.

plenipotentiary /plɛn.ɪ.poʊˈtɛn.ʃ(i)əɹ.i/ /plɛn.ɪ.pəˈtɛn.ʃi.ɛɹ.i/ /ˌplɛn.ɪ.pəʊˈtɛn.ʃi.əɹ.i/ /ˌplɛn.ɪ.pəʊˈtɛn.ʃəɹ.i/ adj
pełnomocny
Invested with full power.
Of or relating to a plenipotentiary agent

plenipotentiary /plɛn.ɪ.poʊˈtɛn.ʃ(i)əɹ.i/ /plɛn.ɪ.pəˈtɛn.ʃi.ɛɹ.i/ /ˌplɛn.ɪ.pəʊˈtɛn.ʃi.əɹ.i/ /ˌplɛn.ɪ.pəʊˈtɛn.ʃəɹ.i/ plenipotentiaries n
pełnomocnik ambasador
A person invested with full powers, especially as the diplomatic agent of a sovereign state, (originally) charged with handling a certain matter. [from c. 1645]

pleonasm /ˈpliː.əˌnæz.əm/ pleonasms n
pleonazm
(uncountable, rhetoric) Redundancy in wording.
(countable) A phrase involving pleonasm; a phrase containing one or more words which are redundant because their meaning is expressed elsewhere in the phrase.

pleonastic /ˌpliː.əˈnæs.tɪk/ more pleonastic most pleonastic adj
pleonastyczny pleonazmiczny
(uncomparable) Of, or relating to pleonasm.

pleophony n
pełnogłos
(phonology) The phenomenon by which the Late Proto-Slavic "liquid diphthongs", formed from a vowel followed by a liquid *r or *l, become disyllabic -oro-, -ere- and -olo- reflexes in East Slavic languages.

plesiosaur /ˈpliːsiəsɔːɹ/ plesiosaurs n
plezjozaur
Any of several extinct marine reptiles, of the order †Plesiosauria, from the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. [from c. 1840]

pleura /ˈplʊə.ɹə/ /ˈplʊɹ.ə/ pleurae n
opłucna
(anatomy) Each of a pair of smooth serous membranes which line the thorax and envelop the lungs in humans and other mammals.

plexiglass plexiglasses n
pleksiglas
polymethyl methacrylate (polymer of methyl methacrylate), a tough transparent plastic used sometimes in lieu of glass.

pliability pliabilities n
elastyczność giętkość sprężystość
The quality or state of being pliable; flexibility; pliableness.

pliable /ˈplaɪəbəl/ more pliable most pliable adj
gibki giętki
Soft, flexible, easily bent, formed, shaped, or molded.

plicate /plaɪˈkeɪt/ /plɪˈkeɪt/ /ˈplaɪ.keɪt/ /ˈplaɪkət/ more plicate most plicate adj
składany
(biology) Folded multiple times lengthwise like a fan, usually lending stiffness to a flat structure such as a leaf; corrugated; pleated.

plicate /plaɪˈkeɪt/ /plɪˈkeɪt/ /ˈplaɪ.keɪt/ /ˈplaɪkət/ v
składać
(chiefly, _, biology) To fold or pleat (usually used in passive).

pliers /ˈplaɪ.ə(ɹ)z/ n
cęgi szczypce cążki kombinerki kleszcze
A pincer-like gripping tool that multiplies the strength of the user's hand, often used for bending things.

plight /plaɪt/ plights n
kłopoty tarapaty
A dire or unfortunate situation. [from 14th c.]

plimsoll /ˈplɪmsoʊl/ plimsolls n
trampek
(British) A rubber-soled lace-up canvas shoe for sports or onboard ships; a precursor of trainers.

plodder plodders n
grzebuła guzdrała maruda maruder ślamazara ślamazarnik
A person who works slowly, making a great effort with little result; a person who studies laboriously.

plonk /plɑŋk/ /plɒŋk/ n
sikacz
(uncountable, UK, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, informal) Cheap or inferior everyday wine.

plop /plɒp/ plops n
pluśnięcie
(countable) A sound or action like liquid hitting a hard surface, or an object falling into a body of water.

plot /plɑt/ /plɒt/ plots n
fabuła sjużet
(narratology) The course of a story, comprising a series of incidents which are gradually unfolded, sometimes by unexpected means. [from 1640s]
areał działka rola
An area or land used for building on or planting on. [from 1550s]
wykres
A graph or diagram drawn by hand or produced by a mechanical or electronic device.
spisek
A secret plan to achieve an end, the end or means usually being illegal or otherwise questionable. [from 1580s]

plot twist plot twists n
zwrot akcji
A change in the direction or expected outcome of the plot of a film, novel, or other narrative work.

plotless /ˈplɑtləs/ more plotless most plotless adj
afabularny

plotlessness /ˈplɑtləsnəs/ adj
afabularność

plotter plotters n
intrygant intrygantka spiskowiec
A person who plots.
ploter plotter
(computing) An output device that draws graphs and other pictorial images on paper, sometimes using attached pens.

plough /plaʊ/ ploughs n
pług
A device pulled through the ground in order to break it open into furrows for planting.
Wielka Niedźwiedzica
Alternative form of Plough (Synonym of Ursa Major)

plough /plaʊ/ v
orać
(transitive) To use a plough on soil to prepare for planting.
(joinery) To cut a groove in, as in a plank, or the edge of a board; especially, a rectangular groove to receive the end of a shelf or tread, the edge of a panel, a tongue, etc.

ploughtail ploughtails n
czepiga
The hind part or handle of a plough.

plover /ˈploʊvɚ/ /ˈplʌvə/ /ˈplʌvɚ/ plover plovers n
siewka
Any of various wading birds of the family Charadriidae.

plower plowers n
oracz
One who plows; one who works land with a plow.

plowman /ˈplaʊ.mən/ plowmen n
oracz
A man who plows land with a plough.

plowshare plowshares n
lemiesz
(American spelling) The cutting edge of a plow, typically a metal blade.

ploy /plɔɪ/ ploys n
chwyt
A tactic, strategy, or scheme.

pluck /plʌk/ plucks n
podroby
The lungs, heart with trachea and often oesophagus removed from slaughtered animals.
hart ducha odwaga
(informal, figurative, uncountable) Guts, nerve, fortitude or persistence.

pluck /plʌk/ v
wyszarpnąć zbierać zebrać
(transitive) To pull something sharply; to pull something out
brzdęknąć
(transitive, music) To gently play a single string, e.g. on a guitar, violin etc.
oskubać skubać
(transitive) To remove feathers from a bird.
grabić obrabować ograbić rabować
(transitive, now, rare) To rob, steal from; to cheat or swindle (someone).

pluck up one's courage v
zbierać się na odwagę zebrać się na odwagę
To muster the bravery and will to do something.

plucky /ˈplʌki/ pluckier pluckiest adj
dzielny
(informal) Having or showing pluck, courage or spirit in trying circumstances.

plug /plʌɡ/ plugs n
wtyczka
(electricity) A pronged connecting device which fits into a mating socket, especially an electrical one.
zatyczka
Any piece of wood, metal, or other substance used to stop or fill a hole.

plug in v
podłączać podłączyć
(idiomatic) To connect (an electrical device) to a plug socket.

plug-in /ˈplʌɡ.ɪn/ plug-ins n
plugin wtyczka
(computing) A module or device that interacts with another to add a specific feature or function.

plum /plʌm/ plums n
śliwa
The fruit and its tree.
śliwka
An edible, fleshy stone fruit of Prunus domestica (European plum), often of a dark red or purple colour. [from 8th c.]

plum blossom plum blossoms n
kwiat śliwy
The blossom of the tree.

plumage /ˈpljuːmɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈpluːmɪd͡ʒ/ plumages n
pierze
(ornithology, collective noun) Layer or collection of feathers covering a bird’s body; feathers used ornamentally; feathering.

plumbago /pləmˈbeɪɡoʊ/ /plʌmˈbeɪɡəʊ/ plumbagoes plumbagos n
ołownica
(botany) A plant of the genus Plumbago; leadwort. [from 17th c.]

plumber /ˈplʌmə/ /ˈplʌmɚ/ plumbers n
hydraulik
One who furnishes, fits, and repairs pipes and other apparatus for the conveyance of water, gas, or drainage.

plumber wrench plumber wrenches n
klucz szwedzki
Other type of pipe wrench used to rotate plumbing pipes.

plumbing /ˈplʌmɪŋ/ plumbings n
instalacja wodno-kanalizacyjna
The pipes, together with the joints, tanks, stopcocks, taps, and other fixtures of a water, gas, or sewage system in a house or other building.

plumbism n
ołowica
(medicine) A diseased condition, produced by the absorption of lead, common among workers in this metal or in its compounds, as among painters, typesetters, etc. Symptoms include lead colic, lead line, and wrist drop.

plummet /ˈplʌmət/ /ˈplʌmɪt/ plummets n
ciężarek pion
(archaic, nautical) A piece of lead attached to a line, used in sounding the depth of water; a plumb bob or a plumb line.

plummet /ˈplʌmət/ /ˈplʌmɪt/ v
gwałtownie spadać runąć
(intransitive) To drop swiftly, in a direct manner; to fall quickly.

plunder /ˈplən-/ /ˈplʌndə/ /ˈplʌndɚ/ v
plądrować rabować grabić obrabować obłupić ograbić
(transitive) To pillage, take or destroy all the goods of, by force (as in war); to raid, sack.

plunger /ˈplʌnd͡ʒə/ /ˈplʌnd͡ʒɚ/ plungers n
przepychacz
A device that is used to remove blockages from the drain of a basin or tub, by suction.

pluperfect tense pluperfect tenses n
czas zaprzeszły
(grammar, of a verb) Tense of a verb used when referring to something that happened before a past setting or the imperfect; formed in English by adding had before the past participle of a verb, or by adding had been before the present participle of the verb.

plural /ˈpljʊə.ɹəl/ /ˈplɔː.ɹəl/ /ˈplɝ.əl/ /ˈplʊə.ɹəl/ /ˈplʊɚ.əl/ more plural most plural adj
mnogi liczba mnoga
Consisting of or containing more than one of something.

plural /ˈpljʊə.ɹəl/ /ˈplɔː.ɹəl/ /ˈplɝ.əl/ /ˈplʊə.ɹəl/ /ˈplʊɚ.əl/ plurals n
liczba mnoga
(grammar, uncountable) The plural number. In English, referring to more or less than one of something.
(grammar, countable) A word in the form in which it potentially refers to something other than one person or thing; and other than two things if the language has a dual form.

plurale tantum /ˌplɝ.ə.leɪ -/ /ˌplʊɚ.ə.leɪ ˈtæn.təm/ pluralia tantum n
plurale tantum
(grammar) A noun (either in certain of its senses or in all its senses) that does not generally have a singular form.

pluralist pluralists n
pluralista
An advocate of pluralism (in all senses)

pluralistic more pluralistic most pluralistic adj
pluralistyczny
Characteristic of pluralism.

pluriennial more pluriennial most pluriennial adj
wieloletni
Lasting a few years

plurisyllabic adj
wielosylabowy

plus /plʌs/ /pɫɐs/ pluses plusses n
plus
An asset or useful addition.

plus /plʌs/ /pɫɐs/ preposition
plus dodać
And; sum of the previous one and the following one.

plus one plus ones n
osoba towarzysząca

plus sign plus signs n
plus
(arithmetic) The symbol + used to denote the operation of additio1, to indicate that a number is positive, and so on.

plush /plʌʃ/ plushes n
plusz
A textile fabric with a nap or shag on one side, longer and softer than the nap of velvet.

plush toy plush toys n
pluszak maskotka
(US) A soft toy with a soft, plush covering.

plutino plutinos n
plutonek
(astronomy) Any planetoid in the Kuiper belt whose orbit, like that of Pluto, has a resonance of 3:2 with that of Neptune.

plutocracy /pluːˈtɑːkɹəsi/ /pluːˈtɒkɹəsi/ plutocracies n
plutokracja
Government by the wealthy.
A controlling class of the wealthy.

plutonium /pluːˈtoʊniəm/ plutoniums n
pluton
The transuranic chemical element with atomic number 94 and symbol Pu: a silvery-gray fissile radioactive actinide metal that tarnishes when exposed to air.

ply /plaɪ/ plies ply plys n
warstwa
A layer of material.

plywood plywoods n
sklejka dykta
(countable) A specific grade or type of this construction material.

pneumatic /n(j)ʊˈmæ.tɪk/ more pneumatic most pneumatic adj
pneumatyczny
Of, relating to, or resembling air or other gases
Of or relating to pneumatics
Powered by, or filled with, compressed air

pneumo- /(p)njuːməʊ/ /numoʊ/ prefix
pneumo-
Relating to the lungs.

pneumoconiosis pneumoconioses n
pylica płuc pylica
(disease) A disease of the lungs caused by inhalation of particulate matter.

pneumology /n(j)ʊˈmɒləd͡ʒi/ pneumologies n
pneumonologia
The study of the respiratory system and organs.

pneumonia /njuˈməʊniə/ /nuˈmoʊniə/ /nəˈmoʊniə/ pneumoniae pneumonias pneumoniæ n
zapalenie płuc
An acute or chronic inflammation of the lungs caused by viruses, bacteria or other microorganisms, or sometimes by physical or chemical irritants.

pneumothorax pneumothoraces pneumothoraxes n
odma opłucnowa
(medicine) Presence of air inside the pleural cavity, usually caused by injury either to the lung or the chest wall.

pnictogen /ˈnɪktəd͡ʒən/ /ˈpnɪktə(ʊ)d͡ʒən/ pnictogens n
azotowiec
(chemistry) Any element from group 15 of the periodic table, which includes nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth.

poach /ˈpoʊt͡ʃ/ v
kłusować
(ambitransitive) To take game or fish illegally.

poacher /ˈpoʊ.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈpəʊ.tʃə/ poachers n
kłusownik
A person who trespasses in order to take game illegally, one who poaches; a person who illegally takes animals or plants from the wild.

poaching poachings n
kłusownictwo
Illegal procurement of protected wildlife such as fish, game, logging, or plant collecting.

pock /pɑk/ /pɒk/ pocks n
ropna krosta
A pus-filled swelling on the surface on the skin caused by an eruptive disease.

pocket /ˈpɑ.kət/ /ˈpɑ.kɪt/ /ˈpɒ.kɪt/ /ˈpɔ.kɪt/ adj
kieszonkowy
Of a size suitable for putting into a pocket.

pocket /ˈpɑ.kət/ /ˈpɑ.kɪt/ /ˈpɒ.kɪt/ /ˈpɔ.kɪt/ pockets n
kieszeń
A bag stitched to an item of clothing, used for carrying small items.
An enclosed volume of one substance surrounded by another.
łuza
(sports, billiards, pool, snooker) An indention and cavity with a net sack or similar structure (into which the balls are to be struck) at each corner and one centered on each side of a pool or snooker table.

pocket dictionary pocket dictionaries n
słowniczek słownik kieszenkowy
A small portable dictionary.

pocket money n
kieszonkowe
(UK) A small sum of money given to a child, by a parent or guardian; an allowance

pocket square pocket squares n
poszetka

pocket watch pocket watches n
zegarek kieszonkowy
A watch carried in the pocket, often with a closing cover and usually attached to a chain.

pocket-sized adj
kieszonkowy
Small enough to fit into a pocket.

pocketbook pocketbooks n
wydanie kieszonkowe

pocketknife pocketknives n
scyzoryk

pococurante /ˌpoʊ.koʊ.kjuːˈɹɑːn.ti/ /ˌpəʊ.kəʊ.kjʊəˈɹæn.ti/ more pococurante most pococurante adj
niedbały obojętny
Apathetic, indifferent or nonchalant.

pod /ˈpɑd/ /ˈpɒd/ pods n
strąk laska
(botany) A seed case for legumes (e.g. peas, beans, peppers); a seedpod.
kapsuła
A small vehicle, especially used in emergency situations.
stado
(collective, zoology) A group of whales, dolphins, seals, porpoises or hippopotami.

podcast /-kæst/ /ˈpɑdˌkæst/ /ˈpɒdkɑːst/ /ˈpɔd-/ podcasts n
podcast słuchowisko
A programme, especially an audio programme, produced on a regular basis, delivered over the Internet in a compressed digital format and designed for playback on computers or portable devices such as mobile phones. [from early 21st c.]
(loosely) An individual episode of such a programme.

podium /ˈpəʊ.diəm/ podia podiums n
podest podium
A platform on which to stand, as when conducting an orchestra or preaching at a pulpit; any low platform or dais.
mównica
(sometimes proscribed) A stand used to hold notes when speaking publicly.
podium
(sports, and, other competitions) A steepled platform upon which the three competitors with the best results may stand when being handed their medals or prize.
(sports) A result amongst the best three at a competition.

podzol podzols n
bielica
The typical soil of coniferous or boreal forests.

podzolic more podzolic most podzolic adj
bielicowy

podzolization podzolizations n
bielicowanie

podzolize v
bielicować
(transitive) To transform into podzol.

poem /pojəm/ /poʊ̯m/ /pɔɪ̯m/ /ˈpoʊ̯əm/ /ˈpoʊ̯ɪm/ /ˈpəʊ̯ɪm/ [ˈpo(ʊ̯)ɪm] [ˈpʰo(ʊ̯)m] [ˈpʰo(ʊ̯)m̩] [ˈpʰo(ʊ̯)əm] [ˈpʰəʊ̯ɪm] poems n
wiersz poemat
A literary piece written in verse.
wiersz poemat poezja
A piece of writing in the tradition of poetry, an instance of poetry.

poet /ˈpoʊ.ət/ /ˈpoʊ.ɪt/ /ˈpəʊ.ɪt/ [ˈpʰoʊ̯ɪ̈(ʔ)t̚] poets n
poeta poetka
A person who writes poems.

poetaster /pəʊɪtæstə(ɹ)/ poetasters n
wierszokleta wierszopis wierszorób
An unskilled poet.

poetess /ˈpoʊ.ɪˌtɛs/ /ˌpəʊ.ɪˈtɛs/ poetesses n
poetka
(dated) A female poet.

poetic /poʊˈɛtɪk/ /pəʉˈetɪk/ /pəʊˈɛtɪk/ more poetic most poetic adj
poetycki
Relating to poetry.
Characteristic of poets; romantic, imaginative, etc.

poetic justice /poʊˌɛtɪk ˈd͡ʒʌstɪs/ /pəʊˌɛtɪk ˈd͡ʒʌstɪs/ [-ɾɪk-] n
poetycka sprawiedliwość
(by extension, generally) The fact of someone experiencing what they deserve for their actions, especially when this happens in an ironic manner.

poetic licence n
licentia poetica
Any departure from convention or from factual accuracy taken by a writer to achieve a desired effect.

poetically more poetically most poetically adv
poetycko
In a poetic manner.

poetics poetics n
poetyka
(philosophy, literature) The theory of poetry, or of literature in general.

poetry /ˈpoʊətɹi/ /ˈpəʊɪtɹi/ [ˈpəʊʷətɹɪ] [ˈpʰoʊ̯.ətˌɹi] poetries n
poezja
Literature composed in verse or language exhibiting conscious attention to patterns and rhythm.
(figurative) An artistic quality that appeals to or evokes the emotions, in any medium; something having such a quality.
poezje
A poet's literary production.

pogrom /pəˈɡɹoʊm/ /ˈpoʊɡɹəm/ /ˈpɒɡɹəm/ pogroms n
pogrom
A riot aimed at persecution or massacre of a particular ethnic or religious group, usually Jews.

poignant /ˈpɔɪnjənt/ /ˈpɔɪnənt/ [ˈpɔɪɲ.ənt] more poignant most poignant adj
ostry
(obsolete, of a weapon, etc.) Sharp-pointed; keen.
(figuratively, of a smell, taste) Piquant, pungent.
(figuratively, of a look, word) Incisive; penetrating; piercing.
cięty
Neat; eloquent; applicable; relevant.
wzruszający
Evoking strong mental sensation, to the point of distress; emotionally moving.

poinsettia /ˌpɔɪnˈsɛ.t(i)ə/ /ˌpɔɪnˈsɛ.tɪə/ poinsettias n
poinsecja gwiazda betlejemska wilczomlecz piękny poinsecja nadobna wilczomlecz nadobny
A plant, Euphorbia pulcherrima, with rather small and insignificant flowers surrounded by large bright red leaves; native to Mexico and Central America and widely cultivated as a garden plant.

point /pɔɪnt/ points n
cypel
punkt kropka
(mathematics, science) A zero-dimensional mathematical object representing a location in one or more dimensions; something considered to have position but no magnitude or direction. [from 14th c.]
chwila moment
A particular moment in an event or occurrence; a juncture. [from 13th c.]
przecinek argument punkt widzenia racja
(automotive, mostly, in the plural) Either of the two metal surfaces in a distributor which close or open to allow or prevent the flow of current through the ignition coil. There is usually a moving point, pushed by the distributor cam, and a fixed point, and they are built together as a unit.
punkt
A specific location or place, seen as a spatial position. [from 14th c.]
(sports, video games, board games) A unit of scoring in a game or competition. [from 18th c.]
(typography) a unit of measure equal to 1/12 of a pica, or approximately 1/72 of an inch (exactly 1/72 of an inch in the digital era). [from 19th c.]
czubek szpic ostrze
The sharp tip of an object. [from 14th c.]

point /pɔɪnt/ v
wskazywać wskazać
(intransitive) To extend the index finger in the direction of something in order to show where it is or to draw attention to it.
kierować
(transitive) To direct or encourage (someone) in a particular direction.

point of contention points of contention n
punkt sporny

point of inflection points of inflection n
punkt przegięcia
(mathematics) a point on a curve at which the sign of the curvature changes; at this point the second derivative of the underlying function will be zero, but positive on one side and negative on the other.

point of interest points of interest n
ciekawe miejsce
A location that is worth visiting because it is a tourist attraction or the base for some type of service such as a restaurant or shop.

point of no return points of no return n
punkt bez powrotu
(aviation) The point in an aircraft's flight when there is insufficient fuel to reverse direction and return to the place of origin.

point of reference points of reference n
punkt odniesienia
A particular location which is used as an endpoint when measuring distances or charting maps.

point of view points of view n
punkt widzenia
A position from which something is seen; outlook; standpoint.
An attitude, opinion, or set of beliefs.

point out v
wskazywać wskazać
(transitive, idiomatic) To identify among a group of similar subjects, or in a scene where the subject might not be readily seen or noticed, with a gesture of the body.
przypominać przypomnieć zwracać uwagę zwrócić uwagę
(figuratively, idiomatic) To tell, remind, indicate.

pointer /pɔɪn.tə/ /pɔɪn.təɹ/ /pɔɪnəɹ/ pointers n
wskaźnik
Anything that points or is used for pointing.
A teacher's pointer, pointing stick, a rod with an arrow.
(programming) A variable that holds the address of a memory location where a value can be stored.
wskazówka wskaźnik
A needle-like component of a timepiece or measuring device that indicates the time or the current reading of the device.
wyżeł
(hunting) A breed of hunting dog, trained to point out game.
wskazówka
(mostly, in the plural) A tip, a bit of advice.

pointing stick pointing sticks n
trackpoint
(computing) An isometric joystick used as a pointing device.

pointless /ˈpɔɪntləs/ more pointless most pointless adj
bezcelowy bezsensowny bez sensu
Having no purpose; purposeless; unable to effect an aim.

pointlessly /ˈpɔɪntləsli/ more pointlessly most pointlessly adv
bezcelowo
Without point; in a pointless manner; so as to lack purpose or importance.

pointlessness pointlessnesses n
bezcelowość
(countable) The lack of meaning, purpose, or ideas; the characteristic or condition of being pointless.

points /pɔɪnts/ n
rozjazd
(rail transport, UK, Ireland, Australia, NZ, India) Movable rails which can be used to switch a train from one railway track to another.

pointsman pointsmen n
zwrotniczy
(rail) A man in charge of railroad points or switches.

pointy pointier pointiest adj
spiczasty szpiczasty
(informal) Pointed in shape; having a point or points.

poison /ˈpɔɪz(ə)n/ poisons n
trucizna jad
A substance that is harmful or lethal to a living organism when ingested.

poison /ˈpɔɪz(ə)n/ v
otruć truć zatruwać
(transitive) To use poison to kill or paralyse (somebody).

poison dart frog poison dart frogs n
drzewołaz
Any of the poisonous frogs of the family Dendrobatidae.

poison the well v
argumentować niemerytorycznie
(intransitive) To preemptively raise ad hominem arguments in order to discredit someone.

poison-pen letter poison-pen letters n
anonim

poisoned chalice /ˈpɔɪzn̩d ˈtʃælɪs/ /ˈpɔɪzənd ˈtʃælɪs/ poisoned chalices n
niedźwiedzia przysługa koszula Dejaniry
(idiomatic) Something which is initially regarded as advantageous but which is later recognized to be disadvantageous or harmful; an apparently beneficial or benign instrument or scheme for causing death or harm.

poisoned pawn poisoned pawns n
zatruty pion

poisoner poisoners n
truciciel trucicielka
A person who poisons something or someone.

poisoning poisonings n
zatrucie
The administration of a poison.
The state of being poisoned.

poisonous /ˈpɔɪznəs/ /ˈpɔɪzənəs/ more poisonous most poisonous adj
trujący
Containing sufficient poison to be dangerous to touch or ingest.

poke /poʊk/ /pəʊk/ v
dźgnąć
To prod or jab with an object such as a finger or a stick. [from later 14th c.]

poker /ˈpoʊkɚ/ /ˈpəʊkə/ n
ożóg pogrzebacz
A metal rod, generally of wrought iron, for adjusting the burning logs or coals in a fire; a firestick. [from earlier 16th c.]
(historical) A tool like a soldering iron for making poker drawings.
poker
(poker) All the four cards of the same rank.

poky pokier pokiest adj
ciasny
(of a room or other enclosed space) Small and cramped, and often shabby.

polar /ˈpoʊ̯lɚ/ /ˈpəʊ̯lə(ɹ)/ [ˈpʰoʊ̯lɚ] [ˈpʰəʊ̯lə(ɹ)] adj
biegunowy
(mathematics) Of a coordinate system, specifying the location of a point in a plane by using a radius and an angle.
biegunowy polarny
(geography) Of, relating to, measured from, or referred to a geographic pole (the North Pole or South Pole); within the Arctic or Antarctic circles.

polar bear polar bears n
niedźwiedź polarny niedźwiedź biały
A hypercarnivorous species of bear, Ursus maritimus, whose native range lies largely within the Arctic Circle.

polar cap polar caps n
polarna czapa lodowa
(planetology) A high-latitude region of a celestial body that is covered by ice.

polar circle polar circles n
koło podbiegunowe krąg polarny
(geography) Either of the two parallels of the Earth located at the latitude of 66° 33′ 44″ N and 66° 33′ 44″ S.

polar cod polar cod polar cods n
dorszyk dorszyk polarny sajda sajka
A north Atlantic fish of the family Gadidae (cod, haddock, whitings and pollock), Boreogadus saida.

polar night polar nights n
noc polarna
A period of darkness that occurs in winter in polar regions north from the Arctic Circle and south from the Antarctic Circle, and during which the sun stays below the horizon.

polar willow /ˈpoʊ̯lɚ ˈwɪloʊ/ /ˈpəʊ̯lə(ɹ) ˈwɪl.əʊ/ polar willows n
wierzba polarna
A willow of species Salix polaris, of circumpolar distribution.

polarity /pəˈlærɪti/ polarities n
biegunowość
Either of the two extremes of such attributes.

polarization /ˌpoʊlərɪˈzeɪʃən/ polarizations n
polaryzacja
(physics) the production of polarized light; the direction in which the electric field of an electromagnetic wave points
(sociology) the grouping of opinions into two extremes

polarize /ˈpoʊ.lə.ɹaɪz/ /ˈpəʉ.lə.ɹɑɪz/ /ˈpəʊ.lə.ɹaɪz/ v
polaryzować spolaryzować
(transitive, US) To cause to have a polarization.
(transitive, US) To cause a group to be divided into extremes.

polarly adv
biegunowo
In a polar manner

pole /poʊl/ /pɐʉl/ /pəʊl/ [pʰoəɫ] [pʰoʊɫ] [pʰɒʊɫ] poles n
pręt drąg
Originally, a stick; now specifically, a long and slender piece of metal or (especially) wood, used for various construction or support purposes.
biegun
A point of magnetic focus, especially each of the two opposing such points of a magnet (designated north and south).
(electricity) A contact on an electrical device (such as a battery) at which electric current enters or leaves.
(complex analysis) For a meromorphic function f(z), any point a for which f(z) \rightarrow \infty as z \rightarrow a.
wędzisko
(angling) A type of basic fishing rod.
tyczka
A long sports implement used for pole-vaulting; now made of glassfiber or carbon fiber, formerly also metal, bamboo and wood have been used.
pręt
(historical) A unit of length, equal to a rod (1⁄4 chain or 5+1⁄2 yards).

pole star /ˈpoʊl ˌstɑɹ/ /ˈpəʊl stɑː/ pole stars n
gwiazda polarna
(star) The star visible to the naked eye which was in the past, is now, or will be in the future nearest a celestial pole of a planet.

pole vault pole vaults n
skok o tyczce
(athletics) a jumping event contested in track and field which requires an athlete to carry a fiberglass pole down a runway, plant the pole into a vaulting box and vault over a fiberglass bar, landing on a matted pit

pole vaulter pole vaulters n
skoczek o tyczce tyczkarz tyczkarka
(athletics) An athlete who competes in the pole vault.

polearm polearms n
broń drzewcowa
A close-quarter combat weapon with the main fighting part of the weapon placed on the end of a long shaft, typically of wood.

polecat /ˈpəʊlkæt/ polecats n
tchórz
A weasel-like animal of the genus Mustela.

polemic /pəˈliːmɪk/ /pəˈlɛmɪk/ polemics n
polemika
A strong verbal or written attack on someone or something.

polemology /ˌpɑləˈmɑləd͡ʒi/ /ˌpɒləˈmɒləd͡ʒi/ polemologies n
polemologia
The study of human conflict and war.

polenta /pəˈlɛntə/ polentas n
polenta
Any of various types and consistencies of a starchy accompaniment to a meal made from coarse maize-meal porridge, sometimes fried or grilled.

poles apart adj
totalnie przeciwny
(idiomatic) Totally opposite.

police /pəˈliːs/ /ˈpliːs/ /ˈpoʊ.liːs/ [pʰə̆ˈliˑs] n
policja
(North America, &, _, historical) A department of local (usually municipal) government responsible for general law enforcement.

police brutality n
brutalność policji
The use of excessive, unjustified force, typically of a physical nature, but also including verbal abuse and psychological intimidation, by a police officer while carrying out law enforcement duties.

police car police cars n
radiowóz
An automobile used by a police officer when on duty.

police dog police dogs n
pies policyjny
A dog trained and employed by the police to pursue suspects or sniff out contraband.

police force police forces n
policja
(law enforcement) Any police organization; a constabulary.

police officer police officers n
policjant policjantka

police state police states n
państwo policyjne
(usually, pejorative) A polity whose government exercises strict and repressive control of the people.

police station police stations n
komisariat posterunek policji komenda policji
A building serving as the headquarters of a branch of the police force, and sometimes as a temporary place of confinement for offenders.

policewoman policewomen n
policjantka
A female police officer.

policlinic policlinics n
poliklinika przychodnia
(US, medicine, very rare) An outpatient clinic, especially of a hospital.

policy /ˈpɑləsi/ /ˈpɒləsi/ /ˈpɒlɪsi/ policies n
polityka
A principle of behaviour, conduct etc. thought to be desirable or necessary, especially as formally expressed by a government or other authoritative body. [from 15th c.]
Wise or advantageous conduct; prudence, formerly also with connotations of craftiness. [from 15th c.]
polisa
(law)
A contract of insurance.
A document containing or certifying this contract.

policy rate policy rates n
podstawowa stopa procentowa

policyholder policyholders n
ubezpieczający
(insurance) The party to an insurance contract who transfers a risk to an insurer.

policymaker policymakers n
decydent
One involved in the formulation of policies, especially politicians, lobbyists, and activists.

poliomyelitis /ˈpəʊlɪəʊmaɪəˈlaɪtɪs/ /ˌpɒlɪəʊmaɪəˈlaɪtɪs/ poliomyelitides n
choroba Heinego-Medina heinemedina polio porażenie dziecięce
(pathology) Acute infection by the poliovirus, especially of the motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem, leading to muscle weakness, paralysis and sometimes deformity.

poliorcetics /ˈpoʊ-/ /ˌpoʊliˌɔɹˈsɛtɪks/ /ˌpɒ-/ /ˌpəʊlɪɔːˈsɛtɪks/ [-ɾɪks] n
nauka oblężenia
(military) The art of siege warfare, namely, that of conducting or resisting a siege; siegecraft.

polis /ˈpoʊ.lɪs/ /ˈpɒ.lɪs/ poleis polises n
polis
(historical) A Greek city-state.

polish /ˈpɑ.lɪʃ/ /ˈpɒl.ɪʃ/ polishes n
pasta do polerowania
A substance used to polish.
połysk
Cleanliness; smoothness, shininess.

polish /ˈpɑ.lɪʃ/ /ˈpɒl.ɪʃ/ v
polerować wygładzać
(transitive) To shine; to make a surface very smooth or shiny by rubbing, cleaning, or grinding.
szlifować
(transitive) To refine; remove imperfections from.

politburo /-ˌbjɔː-/ /ˈpoʊ-/ /ˈpɑlətˌbjʊɹoʊ/ /ˈpɒlɪtˌbjʊəɹəʊ/ politburos n
politbiuro Biuro Polityczne
The governing council and chief policymaking body of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and other Marxist-Leninist political systems.

polite /pəˈlaɪt/ more polite most polite politer politest adj
grzeczny uprzejmy
Well-mannered, civilized.

politely /pəˈlaɪtli/ more politely most politely adv
grzecznie kulturalnie
in a polite manner

politeness /pəˈlaɪtnəs/ politenesses n
grzeczność uprzejmość kurtuazja
The quality of being polite.

political /pəˈlɪtəkəl/ /pəˈlɪtɪkəl/ /pəˈlɪɾɪkəl/ [pəˈlɪɾəkəl] [pəˈlɪɾɪkəl] more political most political adj
polityczny
Concerning or relating to politics, the art and process of governing.
(pejorative) Motivated, especially inappropriately, by political (electoral; or, more generally, power, standing, influence or conflict) calculation.
Of or relating to views about social relationships that involve power, standing, influence or conflict.

political correctness political correctnesses n
poprawność polityczna
(countable) The result or product of being politically correct.

political party political parties n
partia polityczna partia stronnictwo
A political organization that subscribes to a certain ideology and seeks to attain political power through representation in government.

political prisoner political prisoners n
więzień polityczny więźniarka polityczna
A person imprisoned for their political views or political activism.

political science political sciences n
politologia
The analytical study of public policy and policies, past, present, and prospective.

political scientist political scientists n
politolog politolożka
An expert in political science.

politically more politically most politically adv
politycznie
in a political manner

politically correct more politically correct most politically correct adj
poprawny politycznie
(idiom, sometimes derogatory) Sensitive to giving offense on the grounds of race, sex, etc.

politician /ˌpɑləˈtɪʃ(ə)n/ /ˌpɒlɪˈtɪʃ(ə)n/ politicians n
polityk polityczka
One engaged in politics, especially an elected or appointed government official.

politicization /pə.ˌlɪt.ɪ.sɪ.ˈzeɪ.ʃən/ politicizations n
upolitycznienie
(politics) The state of being (or process of becoming) politicized

politicize /pəˈlɪtɪˌsaɪz/ v
upolityczniać upolitycznić
(transitive) To give something political characteristics; to turn into a political issue

politico-economic adj
polityczno-gospodarczy

politics /ˈpɑ.ləˌtɪks/ /ˈpɑ.lɪˌtɪks/ /ˈpɒl.ə.tɪks/ /ˈpɒl.ɪ.tɪks/ v
polityka
a methodology and activities associated with running a government

polka /ˈpoʊ(l)kə/ /ˈpɒl.kə/ polkas n
polka
A lively dance originating in Bohemia.
The music for this dance.

polka dot /ˈpoʊ.kə ˌdɑt/ /ˈpɒl.kə ˌdɒt/ /ˈpəʊ.kə ˌdɒt/ polka dots n
grochy
Any of a number of uniform round dots, repeated to make a regular geometric pattern on a fabric

poll /poʊl/ /pɔl/ /pɔʊl/ /pəʊl/ polls n
ankieta
The result of the voting, the total number of votes recorded.
(in extended senses of the above) A mass of people, a mob or muster, considered as a head count.

poll tax poll taxes n
podatek pogłówny
A tax determined as a uniform, fixed amount per individual.

pollakiuria pollakiurias n
częstomocz
(urology) Abnormally frequent passage of relatively small quantities of urine.

pollen /ˈpɑlən/ /ˈpɒlən/ pollens n
pyłek
A fine, granular substance produced in flowers.

pollinator /ˈpɒlɪˌneɪtə(ɹ)/ pollinators n
zapylacz
(biology) the agent that pollinates a plant; often an insect

polling pollings n
ankietyzacja
The action of taking a poll.

polling station polling stations n
lokal wyborczy
(Britain, Canada, Australia) a place where voters go to cast their ballot in an election or referendum; a voting station

pollster pollsters n
ankieter ankieterka
A professional who conducts or analyzes opinion polls.

pollutant /pəˈl(j)uːtənt/ pollutants n
substancja zanieczyszczająca środowisko
A foreign substance that makes something dirty, or impure, especially waste from human activities.

pollute /pəˈljuːt/ /pəˈluːt/ v
zanieczyszczać skazić zanieczyścić
(transitive) To make something harmful, especially by the addition of some unwanted product.

pollution /pəˈl(j)uːʃən/ /pəˈluʃən/ pollutions n
zanieczyszczenie
Physical contamination, now especially the contamination of the environment by harmful substances, or by disruptive levels of noise, light etc. [from 18th c.]
Something that pollutes; a pollutant. [from 17th c.]

polo /ˈpoʊloʊ/ /ˈpəʊ.ləʊ/ /ˈpəʊl.əʊ/ [ˈpɒʊɫəʊ] [ˈpəʊləʊ] polos n
polo
(uncountable) A ball game where two teams of players on horseback use long-handled mallets to propel the ball along the ground and into their opponent's goal.

polo shirt /ˈpoʊloʊ ˌʃɝt/ /ˈpəʊləʊ ˌʃɜːt/ polo shirts n
koszulka polo polo polówka
A casual, usually short-sleeved, shirt with a protruding collar and a small number of buttons extending a short distance below the collar (and not all the way down the front of the shirt).

polonaise /ˌpoʊləˈneɪz/ /ˌpɒləˈneɪz/ polonaises n
polonez
(dance) A stately Polish dance in triple time and moderate tempo.
(music genre) Music for this dance.
poloneska
A woman's dress having a tight bodice and a skirt divided to show a coloured underskirt.

polonium /pəˈloʊni.əm/ /pəˈləʊni.əm/ poloniums n
polon
A rare, highly radioactive chemical element (symbol Po) with atomic number 84.

poltergeist /ˈpoʊl.tɚˌɡaɪst/ /ˈpɒl.tə.ɡaɪst/ /ˈpəʊl.təˌɡaɪst/ poltergeister poltergeists n
poltergeist
(parapsychology) An unseen ghost which makes noises and causes disruption, especially by causing physical objects to move or fly about.

poltroon /polˈtɹun/ /pɑlˈtɹun/ /pɒlˈtɹuːn/ /pɔlˈtɹun/ poltroons n
tchórz
An ignoble or total coward; a dastard; a mean-spirited wretch.

poly- /pəˈlɪ-/ /ˈpɑli-/ /ˈpɑlə/ /ˈpɒli-/ /ˈpɒlɪ-/ prefix
poli-
many

polyamide polyamides n
poliamid
(organic chemistry) Any of a range of polymers containing amide (or peptide) repeat units; examples include proteins and nylon.

polyamory /ˌpɒliˈæm(ə)ɹi/ polyamories n
poliamoria
Any of various practices involving romantic or sexual relationships with multiple partners with the knowledge and consent of all involved.

polyandry polyandries n
poliandria
The having of a plurality of husbands at the same time; usually, the marriage of a woman to more than one man, or the practice of having several husbands, at the same time.

polyarnik polyarniki polyarniks n
polarnik
(historical) A polar explorer from the Soviet Union.

polychete polychetes n
wieloszczet
Any of many annelid worms, of the class Polychaeta, such as the lugworm; they have a segmented body with pairs of bristles on each segment.

polychrome adj
polichromia

polyclinic polyclinics n
ambulatorium
A usually private clinic in which diseases of many sorts are treated.

polyclinical adj
ambulatoryjny

polycondensation polycondensations n
polikondensacja
(chemistry) Any condensation reaction, of a monomer having two functional groups, which leads to the formation of a polymer (a polycondensate).

polyculture polycultures n
polikultura
(agriculture) The planting of two or more crops in the same place.

polycystic ovary syndrome n
zespół policystycznych jajników
(medicine) A syndrome characterised by polycystic ovaries, menstrual disturbance, and high levels of androgens or insulin.

polycythemia /ˌpɒlɪsaɪˈθiːmɪə/ polycythemias n
nadkrwistość
(disease) A rare disorder in which the bone marrow produces an abnormally large amount of blood cells, often red blood cells.

polyester adj
poliestrowy
Of, or consisting of polyesters

polyester polyesters n
poliester
A material or fabric made from polyester polymer

polyethylene polyethylenes n
polietylen
(organic compound) A polymer consisting of many ethylene monomers bonded together; used for kitchenware, containers etc.

polygamist /pəˈlɪɡəmɪst/ polygamists n
poligamista wielożeniec
One who practices polygamy, or maintains that it is lawful.

polygamous /pəˈlɪɡəməs/ adj
poligamiczny
Of, relating to, or practicing polygamy.

polygamy /pəˈlɪɡ.ə.mi/ polygamies n
poligamia wielożeństwo
(often, especially in common use) Synonym of polygyny (“marriage of a man to more than one wife, the practice of having several wives at the same time”)
poligamia
(zoology) The state or habit of having more than one sexual mate.

polygene polygenes n
poligen
(genetics) A group of nonallelic genes that act together to produce phenotype variations

polyglot /ˈpɑlɪˌɡlɑt/ /ˈpɒlɪɡlɒt/ adj
wielojęzyczny kilkujęzyczny kilkujęzykowy poliglotyczny różnojęzyczny różnojęzykowy
Of a person: speaking, or versed in, many languages; multilingual.

polyglot /ˈpɑlɪˌɡlɑt/ /ˈpɒlɪɡlɒt/ polyglots n
poliglota
A publication in several languages; specifically, a book (especially a bible) containing several versions of the same subject matter or text in several languages.
poliglota poliglotka
(also, figuratively) One who has mastered (especially when able to speak) several languages.

polyglotism polyglotisms n
poliglotyzm
The use, notably in speech, of several languages.

polygon /ˈpɑliɡɑn/ /ˈpɒliɡɒn/ /ˈpɒlɪɡən/ polygons n
wielokąt wielobok
(geometry) A plane figure bounded by edges that are all straight lines.

polygonal /pəˈlɪɡənəl/ adj
wieloboczny wielokątny
Having many angles; hence characteristic of a polygon.

polygonum polygona polygonums n
rdest
(botany) Any of many plants, of the family Polygonaceae, embracing a large number of species, including bistort, knotweed, smartweed, etc.

polygyny /pəˈlɪd͡ʒ.ɪ.ni/ polygynies n
poligynia wielożeństwo
The state or practice of having several wives at the same time; plurality of wives; marriage to several wives.

polyhedral more polyhedral most polyhedral adj
wielościenny
(geometry, of a solid or surface) Having multiple planar faces or facets.

polyhedron /pɒliˈhiːdɹən/ polyhedra polyhedrons n
wielościan
(geometry) A solid figure with many flat faces and straight edges.

polymath /ˈpɑliˌmæθ/ /ˈpɑlɪmæθ/ /ˈpɒlɪmæθ/ polymaths n
polihistor uczony człowiek renesansu encyklopedysta polimat
A person with extraordinarily broad and comprehensive knowledge.

polymathy /pəˈlɪməθi/ n
wiedza o wielu przedmiotach
The knowledge of many arts and sciences; variety of learning.

polymer /ˈpɑ.lɪ.mɚ/ /ˈpɒl.ɨ.mə/ polymers n
polimer
(organic chemistry) A long or larger molecule consisting of a chain or network of many repeating units, formed by chemically bonding together many identical or similar small molecules called monomers. A polymer is formed by polymerization, the joining of many monomer molecules.
A material consisting of such polymer molecules.

polymerase chain reaction polymerase chain reactions n
reakcja łańcuchowa polimerazy
(molecular biology) A technique in molecular biology for creating multiple copies of DNA from a sample; used in genetic fingerprinting etc.

polymerization /ˌpɒl.ɪ.məɹ.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ polymerizations n
polimeryzacja
(chemistry) The chemical process, normally with the aid of a catalyst, to form a polymer by bonding together multiple identical units (monomers).

polymorphemic adj
wielomorfemowy

polymorphic /ˌpɑliˈmɔɹfɪk/ adj
polimorficzny
Relating to polymorphism (any sense), able to have several shapes or forms.

polymorphism /pɑliˈmɔɹfɪz(ə)m/ /pɒlɪˈmɔːfɪz(ə)m/ polymorphisms n
polimorfizm
The ability to assume different forms or shapes.
(biology) The coexistence, in the same locality, of two or more distinct forms independent of sex, not connected by intermediate gradations, but produced from common parents.
(object-oriented programming) The feature pertaining to the dynamic treatment of data elements based on their type, allowing for an instance of a method to have several definitions.
(crystallography) The ability of a solid material to exist in more than one form or crystal structure; pleomorphism.

polyneuropathy polyneuropathies n
polineuropatia
(medicine) Any of several diseases involving several peripheral nerves.

polynomial /ˌpɑliˈnoʊmiəl/ /ˌpɒlɪˈnəʊmɪəl/ adj
wielomianowy
(algebra) Able to be described or limited by a polynomial.

polynomial /ˌpɑliˈnoʊmiəl/ /ˌpɒlɪˈnəʊmɪəl/ polynomials n
wielomian
(algebra, strict sense) An expression consisting of a sum of a finite number of terms, each term being the product of a constant coefficient and one or more variables raised to a non-negative integer power, such as a_n x^n + a_{n-1}x^{n-1} + ... + a_0 x^0.

polynomial equation polynomial equations n
równanie wielomianowe
(algebra) Any algebraic equation in which one or both sides are in the form of a polynomial.

polynomial time adj
dotyczący czas polinominalny

polynomial time n
czas polinominalny czas wielomianowy

polynya /pə(ʊ)ˈlɪnjə/ /pəˈlɪnjə/ /ˌpɑlənˈjɑ/ polynyas polynyi n
połynia płoń
(hydrology, oceanography) A naturally formed transient area of open water surrounded by sea ice, especially in polar or subpolar seas. [from mid 19th c.]

polypathia polypathias n
wielochorobowość

polypathic adj
chory na wiele chorób

polyphonic /ˌpɒlɪˈfɒnɪk/ more polyphonic most polyphonic adj
polifoniczny
of or relating to polyphony

polyphony /pəˈlɪfəni/ polyphonies n
polifonia
(music) Musical texture consisting of several independent melodic voices, as opposed to music with just one voice (monophony) or music with one dominant melodic voice accompanied by chords (homophony).

polypody /ˈpɒlɪpəʊdi/ polypodies n
paprotka
Any of many ferns of the genus Polypodium, especially common polypody.

polypropylene polypropylenes n
polipropylen
A thermoplastic resin made by the polymerization of propylene, and used for films, fibres, or moulding materials. Also known as polypropene.

polyptych /ˈpɒlɪptɪk/ polyptychs n
poliptyk
(arts) A work consisting of multiple painted or carved panels joined together, often with hinges.

polysaccharide polysaccharides n
polisacharyd
(carbohydrate) A polymer made of many saccharide units linked by glycosidic bonds.

polysemous /pəˈlɪs.ə.məs/ /pəˈlɪs.ɪ.məs/ /ˌpɑːl.iˈsiː.məs/ /ˌpɒl.ɪˈsiː.məs/ adj
polisemiczny wieloznaczny
(linguistics) Synonym of polysemic.

polysemy /pə.ˈlɪ.sɪ.mi/ /ˈpɒ.lɪ.siː.mi/ polysemies n
polisemia wieloznaczność
(semantics) The property of a word, sign or symbol that can represent multiple meanings, including multiple similar ones.

polysomy polysomies n
polisomia

polysyllabic /ˌpɑ.li.sɪˈlæ.bɪk/ /ˌpɒ.lɪ.sɪˈlæ.bɪk/ /ˌpɔ.lɪ.sɪˈlæ.bɪk/ adj
wielosylabowy
(of a word) Having more than one syllable; having multiple or many syllables.

polysyndeton /pɒlɪˈsɪndɪtɒn/ polysyndeta polysyndetons n
polisyndeton
(rhetoric) The use of many conjunctions to achieve an overwhelming effect in a sentence.

polysynthetic /ˌpɒlisɪnˈθɛtɪk/ more polysynthetic most polysynthetic adj
polisyntetyczny
(grammar, of languages) Characterized by a prevalence of relatively long words containing a large number of morphemes. Typically, the morphemes are bound.

polytechnic polytechnics n
politechnika
(UK, dated) An educational institute that teaches applied arts and sciences rather than academic subjects.

polytheism /pɒl.ɪˈθiː.ɪz.əm/ polytheisms n
politeizm wielobóstwo
The belief in the existence of multiple gods.

polytheist /pɒlɪˈθiːɪst/ polytheists n
politeista wielobożca wielobożnik
a believer in, or advocate of, polytheism

polytheistic /ˌpɒlɪθiːˈɪstɪk/ more polytheistic most polytheistic adj
politeistyczny
Of or relating to polytheism.

polytope polytopes n
wielokomórka wielotop
(geometry) A finite region of n-dimensional space bounded by hyperplanes (a geometric shape with flat sides, existing in any number of dimensions); the geometrical entity represented by the general term of the infinite sequence "point, line, polygon, polyhedron, ...".

polyunsaturated fat polyunsaturated fats n
tłuszcz wielonienasycony
A fat or oil, almost exclusively from vegetable sources, containing a high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids.

polyunsaturated fatty acid polyunsaturated fatty acids n
wielonienasycony kwas tłuszczowy
a fatty acid, such as arachidonic acid, that contains two or more carbon to carbon double bonds

polyuria polyurias n
poliuria wielomocz

pomade /poʊˈmeɪd/ /pəˈmeɪd/ /pəˈmɑːd/ pomades n
brylantyna fiksatuar pomada
A greasy or waxy substance that is used to style hair, making it look slick and shiny.

pome /ˈpəʊm/ pomeis pomes n
owoc jabłkowy
(botany) A type of fruit in which the often edible flesh arises from the swollen base of the flower and not from the carpels.

pomegranate /ˈpɑməˌɡɹænət/ /ˈpɑmɪˌɡɹænɪt/ /ˈpɑmˌɡɹænət/ /ˈpɒmɪ(ˌ)ɡɹænɪt/ pomegranates n
granat
The fruit of the Punica granatum, about the size of an orange with a thick, hard, reddish skin enclosing many seeds, each with an edible pink or red pulp tasting both sweet and tart.
granatowiec granat
The shrub or small tree that bears the fruit.

pomelo /pəˈmɛləʊ/ /ˈpɑməloʊ/ /ˈpɒmɪləʊ/ /ˈpʌmɪləʊ/ pomeloes pomelos n
pomarańcza olbrzymia pomelo szadok
The large fruit of the Citrus maxima (syn. C. grandis), native to South Asia and Southeast Asia, with a thick green or yellow rind, a thick white pith, and semi-sweet translucent pale flesh.
The tree which produces this fruit.

pommel /ˈpɑ.məl/ /ˈpɒ.məl/ pommels n
łęk przedni
The upper front brow of a saddle.

pommel horse pommel horses n
kozioł koń
An apparatus for gymnastic exercises with a cylindrical body covered with leather and two upright pommels, as hand grips, near the centre; held upright with adjustable legs.

pomp /ˈpɑːmp/ /ˈpɒmp/ pomps n
pompa
Show of magnificence; parade; display; power.

pompon pompons n
pompon
A bundle of yarn, string, ribbon, etc. tied in the middle and left loose at the ends, so as to form a puff or ball, as for decoration or a showy prop for cheerleading.

poncho /ˈpɑn.t͡ʃoʊ/ /ˈpɒn.tʃəʊ/ ponchoes ponchos n
ponczo poncho
A simple garment, made from a rectangle of cloth, with a slit in the middle for the head.

pond /pɑnd/ /pɒnd/ ponds n
staw sadzawka jeziorko rybnik
An inland body of standing water, either natural or man-made, that is smaller than a lake.

pond snail pond snails n
błotniarka
Any freshwater snail in the genus Lymnaea
Any of a number of other snails typically found in small bodies of fresh water.

ponder /ˈpɑn.dɚ/ /ˈpɒn.də(ɹ)/ v
dumać rozmyślać namyślać się rozważać
To wonder, think of deeply.

pondweed pondweeds n
rdestnica
opposite-leaved pondweed, Groenlandia densa, only plant of its genus, found chiefly in the Mediterranean region.

pons /ˈpoʊnz/ /ˈpɑnz/ /ˈpɒnz/ /ˈpəʊnz/ pontes n
most
(neuroanatomy) A band of nerve fibres, from the Latin term pōns Varoliī, within the brain stem.

pontiff /ˈpɒntɪf/ pontiffs n
pontyfik

pontificate /pɒnˈtɪf.ɪ.kət/ /pɔnˈtɪf.ə.kət/ /pɔnˈtɪf.ɪ.kət/ pontificates n
pontyfikat
The status or term of office of a pontiff or pontifex.

pontoon /pɒnˈtuːn/ pontoons n
ponton
A flat-bottomed boat or other floating structure used as a buoyant support for a temporary bridge, dock or landing stage.
pływak
A float of a seaplane.

pontoon bridge pontoon bridges n
most pontonowy
A temporary bridge built over floating pontoons

pony /ˈpoʊni/ /ˈpəʊni/ ponies n
kuc
A small horse; specifically, any of several small breeds of horse under 14.2 hands at the withers.

ponytail /ˈpoʊniˌteɪl/ ponytails n
kucyk koński ogon
A hairstyle where the hair is pulled back and tied into a single "tail" which hangs down behind the head.

poo /pu/ /puː/ poos n
gówno kał kupa

poo /pu/ /puː/ v
robić kupę załatwiać się

pooch /puːt͡ʃ/ pooches n
kundel
A dog of mixed breed; a mongrel.

pood /puːd/ poods n
pud
An obsolete Russian unit of mass, equal to 40 Russian funt, or about 16.38 kg (approximately 36.11 pounds).

poodle /ˈpuː.dəl/ poodles n
pudel
A breed of dog originating in Europe as hunting dogs, and having heavy, curly coat in a solid color; their shoulder height indicates their classification as standard, medium, miniature, or toy.

poof /puːf/ /pʊf/ [puːɸ] interjection
puf
Onomatopoeia indicating a small explosion with a cloud of smoke; as caused by a deflating object, or a magical disappearance.

poof /puːf/ /pʊf/ [puːɸ] poofs pooves n
pedał pedzio
(UK, Australia, NZ, Irish, Commonwealth, derogatory, colloquial) A gay man; especially one who is effeminate.

poof /puːf/ /pʊf/ [puːɸ] v
znikać
To vanish or disappear.

pool /pul/ /puːl/ [pʰuəɫ] [pʰuɫ] pools n
kałuża
A small and rather deep area of (usually) fresh water, as one supplied by a spring, or occurring in the course of a stream or river; a reservoir for water.
bilard
(game, uncountable) A game at billiards, in which each of the players stakes a certain sum, the winner taking the whole; also, in public billiard rooms, a game in which the loser pays the entrance fee for all who engage in the game.
(sport) A cue sport played on a pool table. There are 15 balls, 7 of one colour, 7 of another, and the black ball (also called the 8 ball). A player must pocket all their own colour balls and then the black ball in order to win.
basen
Any small body of standing or stagnant water; a puddle.
pula
A supply of resources.
(by extension, computing) A set of resources that are kept ready to use.

pool /pul/ /puːl/ [pʰuəɫ] [pʰuɫ] v
zsumować
(transitive) To put together; contribute to a common fund, on the basis of a mutual division of profits or losses; to make a common interest of.

pool noodle pool noodles n
makaronik
A long, slender tube or rod, extruded from buoyant foam and usually brightly coloured, used as an exercise tool or toy in swimming pools.

pool table pool tables n
bilard stół do bilarda
A table used for playing pool.

pooling /ˈpuːlɪŋ/ poolings n
składanie się zbieranie

poop deck poop decks n
achterdek
(nautical) A high, exposed deck at the stern of a ship on top of the cabin(s).

poor /poʊ/ /poː/ /puɹ/ /pɔɹ/ /pɔː(ɹ)/ /pɜːɹ/ /pʊə(ɹ)/ /pʊɚ/ /pʊɹ/ /ˈpʊ(ː)ə(r)/ poorer poorest adj
biedny ubogi
With no or few possessions or money, particularly in relation to contemporaries who do have them.
(attributive, _, only) Worthy of pity.
nędzny
Of low quality.

poor /poʊ/ /poː/ /puɹ/ /pɔɹ/ /pɔː(ɹ)/ /pɜːɹ/ /pʊə(ɹ)/ /pʊɚ/ /pʊɹ/ /ˈpʊ(ː)ə(r)/ n
biedacy nędznicy
(plural only) The poor people of a society or the world collectively, the poor class of a society.

poor as Job adj
biedny jak Hiob

poor as a church mouse phraseologicalUnit
biedny jak mysz kościelna ubogi jak mysz kościelna
(simile) Very poor, to the point of starving or begging; utterly destitute.

poor relation poor relations n
ubogi krewny

poor thing poor things n
biedactwo biedaczka biedak biedula
Someone or something to be pitied

poorly /ˈpɔɹli/ /ˈpɔːli/ /ˈpʊəli/ /ˈpʊɹli/ more poorly most poorly poorlier poorliest adv
biednie
In a poor manner or condition; without plenty, or sufficiency, or suitable provision for comfort.
With little or no success; indifferently; with little profit or advantage.

pop /pɑp/ /pɒp/ pops n
huk
(countable) A loud, sharp sound, as of a cork coming out of a bottle.
napój gazowany
(uncountable, regional, Midwest US, Canada, Inland North, Midlands, Northwestern US) An effervescent or fizzy drink, most frequently nonalcoholic; soda pop.

pop art n
pop-art popart
(arts) A genre of art that uses elements of popular culture, often using techniques from commercial art and advertising.

pop gun pop guns n
pukawka
A toy gun that emits a loud pop by firing a cork from a barrel in which a piston slides, compressing the air and forcing the cork out. The cork is traditionally attached to the toy by a piece of string.

pop music pop musics n
muzyka pop pop-music
Music intended for or accepted by a wide audience, usually with a commercial basis and distinguished from other genres such as classical music and folk music.

pop-cultural more pop-cultural most pop-cultural adj
popkulturowy
Pertaining to pop culture. [from 1960s]

pop-up /ˈpɒpʌp/ pop-ups n
wyskakujące okienko
(internet) A pop-up advertisement; an advertisement that is triggered to appear on a computer screen when the user accesses a particular web page.

popcorn /ˈpɑp.kɔɹn/ /ˈpɒp.kɔː(ɹ)n/ /ˈpʌp.kɔɹn/ [ˈpʌp.kɒːn] [ˈpʌp.kɔɹn] popcorns n
popcorn prażona kukurydza
(chiefly, uncountable) A snack food made from corn/maize kernels popped by dry heating.

pope /poʊp/ /pəʊp/ popes n
papież papieżyca
(Roman Catholicism, _, &, _, generally) An honorary title of the Roman Catholic bishop of Rome as father and head of his church, a sovereign of the Vatican city state.
pop
(Russian Orthodoxy) , a Russian Orthodox priest.

poplar /ˈpɑ.plɚ/ /ˈpɒp.lə(ɹ)/ poplars n
topola
Any of various deciduous trees of the genus Populus.

popliteus poplitei n
mięsień podkolanowy
(anatomy) A small muscle at the back of the knee that aids in bending the knee and in the rotation of the lower leg.

poppy /ˈpɑpi/ /ˈpɒpi/ poppies n
mak
Any plant of the genus Papaver or the family Papaveraceae, with crumpled, often red, petals and a milky juice having narcotic properties; especially a common poppy or corn poppy (Papaver rhoeas) which has orange-red flowers; the flower of such a plant.
szkarłat
A bright red colour tinted with orange, like that of the common poppy flower.

poppycock poppycocks n
ambaje androny banialuki bzdury
(colloquial) foolish talk; nonsense.

poppyhead poppyheads n
makowica makówka
The seedhead of a poppy.

poppyseed poppyseeds n
mak ziarenko maku
The seed of the poppy, used as a flavouring in bread.

popular /ˈpɑpjəlɚ/ /ˈpɒpjʊlə/ more popular most popular adj
popularny
Common among the general public; generally accepted. [from 15th c.]
Liked by many people; generally pleasing, widely admired. [from 17th c.]
ludowy powszechny
Pertaining to or deriving from the people or general public. [from 16th c.]

popular culture popular cultures n
popkultura
The prevailing vernacular culture in any given society, including art, cooking, clothing/fashion, entertainment, fads, films, mass media, music, sports, and style.

popular initiative popular initiatives n
inicjatywa obywatelska

popular science n
popularnonaukowy
(attributive) Of, or having to do with science, but aimed at ordinary people as opposed to scientists; intended for general consumption.

popularise /ˈpɒpjʊləɹaɪz/ v
popularyzować spopularyzować upowszechniać upowszechnić
(transitive) To make something popular.

popularity /ˌpɑp.jəˈlɛəɹ.ɪ.ti/ /ˌpɒp.jəˈlæɹ.ɪ.ti/ popularities n
popularność
The quality or state of being popular; especially, the state of being esteemed by, or of being in favor with, the people at large

popularization popularizations n
popularyzacja
The act of making something popular to the general public.

popularizer popularizers n
popularyzator
One who popularizes something.

populate /ˈpɑ.pjəˌleɪt/ /ˈpɒp.jʊˌleɪt/ /ˈpɔp.jəˌlæɪt/ v
zaludniać zaludnić
(transitive) To supply with inhabitants; to people.
(transitive) To live in; to inhabit.

population /ˌpɑ.pjəˈleɪ.ʃən/ /ˌpɒp.juːˈleɪ.ʃən/ /ˌpɒp.jʊˈleɪ.ʃən/ populations n
ludność populacja
A count of the number of residents within a political or geographical boundary such as a town, a nation or the world.
populacja ludność
(biology) A collection of organisms of a particular species, sharing a particular characteristic of interest, most often that of living in a given area.

population density population densities n
gęstość zaludnienia
Average population per unit area; especially, the average number of people who live per square kilometer (or square mile) of land.

population pyramid population pyramids n
piramida ludności piramida populacji
(demography) A graphical illustration of the distribution of a population (typically that of a country or region of the world) by age groups and sex; it typically forms the shape of a pyramid when the population is growing.

populism populisms n
populizm
(philosophy) A political doctrine or philosophy that proposes that the rights and powers of ordinary people are exploited by a privileged elite, and supports their struggle to overcome this.

populist /ˈpɑ.pjə.lɪst/ /ˈpɒp.jʊ.lɪst/ /ˈpɔp.jʉ.lɪst/ populists n
populista populistka
A politician who advocates specific policies just because they are popular.

populous /ˈpɑpjələs/ /ˈpɒpjʊləs/ more populous most populous adj
ludny
Having a large population.

porcelain /ˈpoːslɘn/ /ˈpɔɹslɪn/ /ˈpɔɹsəlɪn/ /ˈpɔːsəlɪn/ porcelains n
porcelana
(usually, uncountable) A hard white translucent ceramic, originally made by firing kaolin, quartz, and feldspar at high temperatures but now also inclusive of similar artificial materials; also often (figurative) such a material as a symbol of the fragility, elegance, etc. traditionally associated with porcelain goods.
(countable, now, _, usually, in the plural) An object made of porcelain, (particularly) art objects or items of tableware.

porch /po(ː)ɹtʃ/ /poətʃ/ /pɔɹt͡ʃ/ /pɔːtʃ/ porches n
ganek portyk przedsionek
(architectural element) A covered entrance to a building, whether taken from the interior, and forming a sort of vestibule within the main wall, or projecting without and with a separate roof. A porch often has chair(s), table(s) and swings.

porch pirate porch pirates n
osoba kradnąca przesyłki z ganków
(slang, criminology, neologism) A criminal who steals a delivered package from a porch.

porciculture n
hodowanie świń
The raising of pigs.

porcine /ˈpoʊɹ.saɪn/ /ˈpoʊɹ.sin/ /ˈpoʊɹ.sɪn/ more porcine most porcine adj
świński wieprzowy
Of or pertaining to pigs.

porcini /pɔːɹˈt͡ʃiː.ni/ /pɔːˈtʃiː.ni/ porcini porcinis n
borowik borowik szlachetny prawdziwek
An edible mushroom (Boletus edulis), prized for its flavor.

porcupine /ˈpɔː(ɹ)kiˌpaɪn/ /ˈpɔː(ɹ)kjʊˌpaɪn/ /ˈpɔː(ɹ)kəˌpaɪn/ /ˈpɔː(ɹ)kɪˌpaɪn/ porcupines n
jeżozwierz
Any of several rodents of either of the taxonomic families Hystricidae (Old World porcupines) or Erethizontidae (New World porcupines), both from the infraorder Hystricognathi, noted for their sharp spines or quills, which are raised when the animal is attacked or surprised.

pore /po(ː)ɹ/ /poə/ /pɔɹ/ /pɔː/ pores n
por
A tiny opening in the skin.

pore /po(ː)ɹ/ /poə/ /pɔɹ/ /pɔː/ v
ślęczeć
To study meticulously; to go over again and again.

pore over v
ślęczeć
To examine something (especially written material) carefully and attentively.

pork /po(ː)ɹk/ /poək/ /poɹk/ /pɔːk/ porks n
wieprzowina
(mostly, uncountable) The meat of a pig.

pork barrel /ˈpɔːkˌbaɹəl/ pork barrels n
kiełbasa wyborcza
(chiefly, US politics, often, attributively) State funds as assigned for local or regional expenditure; especially, central money used for regional projects which are eyecatching or designed to appeal to voters. [from 19th c.]

pork belly pork bellies n
boczek
A boneless cut of fatty meat from the belly of a pig.

pork loin pork loins n
schab
A cut of pig meat from along the top of the rib cage

pork rind pork rinds n
skwarki
(US, Canada, food) A snack food made from cured pork skin; pork scratchings.

porker /ˈpɔɹkɚ/ /ˈpɔːkə/ porkers n
bekon
A pig, especially a castrated male, being fattened and raised for slaughter.

pornocracy /pɔˈnɑkɹəsi/ /pɔːˈnɒkɹəsɪ/ pornocracies n
pornokracja
(derogatory, often, figuratively) A government by, or dominated by, prostitutes or corrupt persons.

pornocracy /pɔˈnɑkɹəsi/ /pɔːˈnɒkɹəsɪ/ pn
pornokracja
(Roman Catholicism, historical, sometimes, capitalized) The period of the papacy known as the saeculum obscūrum (Latin for “dark age”), and also as the “Rule of the Harlots”, which began with the installation of Pope Sergius III in 904 and lasted for sixty years until the death of Pope John XII in 964, during which time the popes were strongly influenced by the Theophylacti, a powerful and corrupt aristocratic family. [from mid-19th c.]

pornographer /pɔː(ɹ)ˈnɒɡɹəfə(ɹ)/ pornographers n
pornograf
One who is involved in the creation or dissemination of pornography. [from mid-19th c.]

pornographic /ˌpɔː(ɹ)nəˈɡɹæfɪk/ more pornographic most pornographic adj
pornograficzny
Containing an explicit depiction of sexual activity.

pornography /pɔɹˈnɑ.ɡɹə.fi/ /pɔː(ɹ)ˈnɒɡ.ɹə.fi/ pornographies n
pornografia
The explicit literary or visual depiction of sexual subject matter; any display of material of an erotic nature. [from mid-19th c.]

porosity porosities n
porowatość
(uncountable) The state of being porous.
(countable) A measure of how porous a material is; the ratio of the volume of pores to the total volume

porous /ˈpɔːɹəs/ more porous most porous adj
porowaty
Full of tiny pores that allow fluids or gasses to pass through.

porphyria /pɔː(ɹ)ˈfɪɹɪə/ porphyrias n
porfiria
(pathology) Any of several usually hereditary abnormalities of porphyrin metabolism characterized by excretion of excess porphyrins in the urine.

porpoise /pɔːˈpɔɪs/ /ˈpɔːpəs/ /ˈpɔːɹpəs/ porpoises n
morświn
A small cetacean of the family Phocoenidae, related to dolphins and whales.

porridge /ˈpɑɹɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈpɒɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈpɔɹɪd͡ʒ/ porridges n
owsianka kasza
A dish made of grain or legumes, milk and/or water, heated and stirred until thick and typically eaten for breakfast.
odsiadka
(British, slang, uncountable) A prison sentence.

port /po(ː)ɹt/ /poət/ /pɔɹt/ /pɔːt/ adj
port bakburta bakbort lewa burta przystań konwertować
(nautical) Of or relating to port, the left-hand side of a vessel when facing the bow.

port /po(ː)ɹt/ /poət/ /pɔɹt/ /pɔːt/ ports n
port przystań złącze
A place on the coast at which ships can shelter, or dock to load and unload cargo or passengers.
porto portwajn
A type of very sweet fortified wine, mostly dark red, traditionally made in Portugal.
port bakburta bakbort lewa burta przystań lewoburtowy
An opening or doorway in the side of a ship, especially for boarding or loading; an embrasure through which a cannon may be discharged; a porthole.
port bakburta bakbort lewa burta konwertować lewoburtowy
(nautical, aviation, uncountable) The left-hand side of a vessel, including aircraft, when one is facing the front. Used to unambiguously refer to directions relative to the vessel structure, rather than to a person or object on board.
konwertować
(also, networking) A number that delimits a connection for specific processes or parts of a network service.
port złącze
A logical or physical construct in and from which data are transferred. Computer port on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

port /po(ː)ɹt/ /poət/ /pɔɹt/ /pɔːt/ v
port bakburta bakbort lewa burta przystań lewoburtowy
(military) To hold or carry (a weapon) with both hands so that it lays diagonally across the front of the body, with the barrel or similar part near the left shoulder and the right hand grasping the small of the stock; or, to throw (the weapon) into this position on command.
konwertować
(computing, video games) To adapt, modify, or create a new version of, a program so that it works on a different platform. Porting (computing) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

port city port cities n
miasto portowe
A city built around a port, for its defence, to provide infrastructural support, or as parasitic urban sprawl.

port of call ports of call n
port pośredni
(nautical) any port (except its home port) being visited by a ship, especially to load or unload cargo or passengers or to take on supplies

port of registry ports of registry n
port macierzysty

port wine port wines n
portwajn
A type of fortified wine traditionally made in Portugal.

portable /ˈpɔɹtəbl̩/ /ˈpɔɹtəbəl/ /ˈpɔː(ɹ)təbl̩/ /ˈpɔː(ɹ)təbəl/ [ˈpʰɔɹɾɪ̈bl̩] more portable most portable adj
przenośny
Able to be carried or easily moved.
(computing) Of software: able to be run on multiple hardware or operating systems.

portable toilet portable toilets n
przenośna toaleta toi-toi
A movable toilet, particularly a portable outhouse used where other lavatories are unavailable (as at a construction site) or insufficient (as at special events).

portal /ˈpɔːtəl/ /ˈpɔːɹtəl/ [ˈpʰɔːɹɾɫ̩] portals n
portal
An entrance, entry point, or means of entry.
(Internet) A website or page that acts as an entrance to other websites or pages on the Internet.
A grandiose and often lavish entrance.
żyła wrotna
(anatomy) A short vein that carries blood into the liver.

portal vein portal veins n
żyła wrotna
(anatomy) A short, wide vein located in the abdominal cavity formed by the union of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins that channels blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to capillary beds in the liver.

portamento /pɔːtəˈmɛntəʊ/ portamenti portamentos n
portamento
(music) A smooth, gliding transition from one note to another; used especially with stringed instruments, and sometimes on brass.

portcullis /pɔɹtˈkʌl.ɪs/ /pɔːtˈkʌl.ɪs/ portculli portcullises portcullisses portscullis n
brona
A gate in the form of a grating which is lowered into place at the entrance to a castle, fort, etc.
(historical) An English coin of the reign of Elizabeth I, struck for the use of the East India Company, and bearing the figure of a portcullis on the reverse.

portentous /pɔː(ɹ)ˈtɛntəs/ more portentous most portentous adj
złowieszczy
Of momentous or ominous significance.

portentously /pɔː(ɹ)ˈtɛn.təs.li/ more portentously most portentously adv
złowieszczo
In an ominous manner.
pompatycznie
In a pompous manner.

porter /ˈpo(ː)ɹtɚ/ /ˈpoətə/ /ˈpɔɹtɚ/ /ˈpɔːtə/ porters n
bagażowy numerowy
A person who carries luggage and related objects.

portfolio /-oʊl.joʊ/ /-əʊl.jəʊ/ /poɹt-/ /pɔɹtˈfoʊ.liˌoʊ/ /pɔːtˈfəʊ.liˌəʊ/ portfolios n
aktówka portfolio teka
A case for carrying papers, drawings, photographs, maps and other flat documents. [from 1720s]
teka
(politics) The post and the responsibilities of a cabinet minister or other head of a government department. [from 1930s]
portfel
(finance) The group of investments and other assets held by an investor. [from 1950s]

porthole /ˈpɔː(ɹ)t.həʊl/ portholes n
bulaj
(nautical) A circular window set in the hull of a ship.

portico /ˈpɔːtɪkəʊ/ portici porticoes porticos n
portyk
A porch, or a small space with a roof supported by columns, serving as the entrance to a building.

portion /ˈpoəɹʃən/ /ˈpoɹʃən/ /ˈpoːɹʃən/ /ˈpɔɹʃən/ /ˈpɔːʃən/ portions n
porcja
An allocated amount.

portmanteau /pɔːtˈmæn.təʊ/ /pɔːɹtˈmæntoʊ/ /ˌpɔːɹtmænˈtoʊ/ portmanteaus portmanteaux n
waliza
A large travelling case usually made of leather, and opening into two equal sections.

portmanteau word portmanteau words n
skrzyżowanie wyrazów zbitka słowna zbitka wyrazowa
(linguistics) A word which combines the meaning of two words (or, rarely, more than two words), formed by combining the words, usually, but not always, by adjoining the first part of one word and the last part of the other, the adjoining parts often having a common vowel.

portrait /ˈpoətɹeɪt/ /ˈpoətɹɪt/ /ˈpoʊɹtɹeɪt/ /ˈpoʊɹtɹət/ /ˈpɔɹtɹeɪt/ /ˈpɔɹtɹət/ /ˈpɔːtɹeɪt/ /ˈpɔːtɹɪt/ portraits n
portret
(countable) A painting or other picture of a person, especially the head and shoulders.
(countable, figuratively) An accurate depiction of a person, a mood, etc.

portraitist portraitists n
portrecista portrecistka
A painter or photographer who makes portraits.

portray /pɔɹˈtɹeɪ/ /pɔːˈtɹeɪ/ v
portretować
To paint or draw the likeness of.
portretować opisywać
(figuratively) To describe in words; to convey.

pose /poʊz/ /pəʊz/ poses n
poza
Position, posture, arrangement (especially of the human body).

pose /poʊz/ /pəʊz/ v
pozować
(intransitive) To assume or maintain a pose; to strike an attitude.

poseur /poʊˈzʊəɹ/ poseurs n
pozer pozerka
One who affects some behaviour, style, attitude or other condition, often to impress or influence others.

posh /pɑʃ/ /pɒʃ/ /pəʊʃ/ more posh most posh posher poshest adj
luksusowy
Associated with the upper classes.

position /pəˈzɪʃ.(ə)n/ positions n
położenie pozycja
A place or location.
stanowisko posada
A post of employment; a job.
miejsce pozycja
A status or rank.
stanowisko
An opinion, stand, or stance.
pozycja
A posture.
(team sports) A place on the playing field, together with a set of duties, assigned to a player.

positional adj
pozycyjny
Relating to the position of something.

positional notation positional notations n
system pozycyjny
A notation for numbers in which the value of a digit depends on its position in the string, examples of which include the decimal system and the binary system

positive /-ɾɪv/ /ˈpɑzɪtɪv/ /ˈpɒzɪtɪv/ more positive most positive adj
dodatni pozytyw
(mathematics) Of number, greater than zero. [from the 18th c.]
(physics) Having more protons than electrons.
równy
(grammar) Describing the primary sense of an adjective, adverb or noun; not comparative, superlative, augmentative nor diminutive.
pozytywny
Characterized by the presence of features which support a hypothesis.
Favorable, desirable by those interested or invested in that which is being judged.
Optimistic. [from the 20th c.]
pozytywowy
(photography) Of a visual image, true to the original in light, shade and colour values.

positive /-ɾɪv/ /ˈpɑzɪtɪv/ /ˈpɒzɪtɪv/ positives n
pozytyw
A favourable point or characteristic.
(photography) A positive image; one that displays true colors and shades, as opposed to a negative.
stopień równy pozytyw
(grammar) A degree of comparison of adjectives and adverbs.

positive degree n
stopień równy
(grammar) That state of an adjective or adverb indicating simple quality, without comparison or relation to increase or diminution; as in wise, noble.

positive law positive laws n
prawo pozytywne

positive number positive numbers n
liczba dodatnia
(This entry is a translation hub.)

positive thinking n
pozytywne myślenie
Focusing on thoughts of success, as a strategy for achievement.

positively /ˈpɑ.zɪ.tɪv.li/ /ˈpɒz.ɪ.tɪv.li/ /ˌpɑ.zɪˈtɪv.li/ /ˌpɒz.ɪˈtɪv.li/ more positively most positively adv
pozytywnie
(manner) In a positive manner.

positivism /ˈpɑzɪtɪvˌɪzm/ /ˈpɒzɪtɪvˌɪzm/ positivisms n
pozytywizm
(philosophy) A doctrine that states that the only authentic knowledge is scientific knowledge, and that such knowledge can only come from positive affirmation of theories through strict scientific method, refusing every form of metaphysics.

positron /ˈpɑ.zɪ.tɹɑn/ /ˈpɒz.ɪ.tɹɒn/ positrons n
pozyton
(particle) The antimatter equivalent of an electron, having the same mass but a positive charge.

possess /pəˈzɛs/ v
opętać
Of a supernatural entity, especially one regarded as evil: to take control of (an animal or person's body or mind).
posiadać
To have (something) as, or as if as, an owner; to have, to own.

possessed /pəˈzɛst/ more possessed most possessed adj
opętany
controlled by evil spirits.

possession /pəˈzɛʃən/ possessions n
władanie
Control or occupancy of something for which one does not necessarily have private property rights.
The condition of being under the control of strong emotion or madness.
dobytek majątek własność
Something that is owned.
posiadanie
Ownership; taking, holding, keeping something as one's own.
posiadłość
A territory under the rule of another country.
opętanie
The condition or affliction of being possessed by a demon or other supernatural entity.

possessional adjective possessional adjectives n
przymiotnik jakościowy
(grammar) An adjective indicating that a noun is in possession of, or has the quality of, some other noun; usually formed in English by the affixation of the suffix -ed, -ful, -y, -ous, -able, -ual, -ish, -ar or -esque, or the suffixoid -like, to the noun being possessed.

possessive /pəˈzɛsɪv/ more possessive most possessive adj
dzierżawczy
(grammar) Indicating ownership, possession, origin, etc.
zaborczy
Unwilling to yield possession of.

possessive adjective possessive adjectives n
przymiotnik dzierżawczy
An adjective expressing possession.

possessive pronoun possessive pronouns n
zaimek dzierżawczy
(grammar) A pronoun which expresses possession.

possibility /ˌpɑ.səˈbɪl.ə.ɾi/ /ˌpɒs.ɪˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/ possibilities n
możliwość możność
The quality of being possible.
możliwość
A thing possible; that which may take place or come into being.
An option or choice, usually used in context with future events.

possible /ˈpɑ.sə.bl̩/ /ˈpɒ.sɪ.bl̩/ more possible most possible adj
możliwy
(usually, not comparable) Able but not certain to happen; neither inevitable nor impossible.
(comparable) Capable of being done or achieved; feasible.
Being considered, e.g. for a position.

post /poʊst/ /pəʊst/ posts n
słup
A long dowel or plank protruding from the ground; a fencepost; a lightpost.
poczta
(obsolete) Each of a series of men stationed at specific places along a postroad, with responsibility for relaying letters and dispatches of the monarch (and later others) along the route. [16th–17th c.]
(dated) A station, or one of a series of stations, established for the refreshment and accommodation of travellers on some recognized route.
(UK, Australia, New Zealand) A single delivery of letters; the letters or deliveries that make up a single batch delivered to one person or one address. [from 17th c.]
posada
An appointed position in an organization, job.
post wiadomość wpis wypowiedź
A message posted in an electronic or Internet forum, or on a blog, etc. [from 20th c.]

post /poʊst/ /pəʊst/ v
afiszować wywiesić
(transitive) To hang (a notice) in a conspicuous manner for general review.
opublikować postować publikować
To hold up to public blame or reproach; to advertise opprobriously; to denounce by public proclamation.
To inform; to give the news to; to make acquainted with the details of a subject; often with up.
wysyłać wysłać
(UK, Australia, New Zealand) To send (an item of mail etc.) through the postal service. [from 19th c.]

post horn post horns n
trąbka pocztowa
(music) A valveless musical instrument based on such a horn, used in orchestral music.

post mortem adv
post mortem pośmiertnie
Occurring after death.

post office /ˈpoʊst ˌɑfɪs/ /ˈpoʊst ˌɔfɪs/ /ˈpəʊst ˌɒfɪs/ post offices n
poczta
(countable) A place (building, office, shop, or counter) concerned with the business of delivering letters, post or mail and selling stamps, etc.
(countable) An organisation that delivers letters.

post office box post office boxes n
skrytka pocztowa
A uniquely addressable lockable box located on the premises of a post office that may be hired as collection point for mail.

post-Fordism n
postfordyzm

post-Soviet adj
poradziecki posowiecki postradziecki postsowiecki
After the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

post-it note post-it notes n
karteczka samoprzylepna
A small piece of paper with an adhesive strip on one side.

post-nut clarity n
jasność poorgazmowa
(internet slang, vulgar) The brief sense of calm and mental acuity experienced by a man after ejaculation.

post-production post-productions n
postprodukcja
(cinematography, television) The stages of film (or audio) production happening between the actual filming (or recording) and the completed product.

post-traumatic stress disorder n
zespół stresu pourazowego
(psychology) A psychological condition that develops following some stressful situation or event, with symptoms such as sleep disturbance, recurrent dreams, flashbacks, hypervigilance, depression, dissociation, withdrawal or lack of concentration.

post-war adj
powojenny
Pertaining to a period of time immediately following the end of a war; where there is a cessation of conflict.

postage /ˈpoʊstɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈpəʊstɪd͡ʒ/ postages n
porto
The charge for posting an item.

postage stamp postage stamps n
znaczek pocztowy znaczek
A small piece of printed paper stuck on an item to be mailed, indicating that postage has been paid.

postal [ˈpoʊstl̩] [ˈpəʊstl̩] adj
pocztowy
Relating to the collection, sorting and delivery of mail.

postalveolar /ˌpoʊstælˈviələɹ/ /ˌpəʊstælviˈəʊlə(ɹ)/ /ˌpəʊstælˈviːələ(ɹ)/ /ˌpəʊstˈælvi.ələ(ɹ)/ adj
postalweolarny zadziąsłowy
(phonetics) Articulated with the tongue near or touching the back of the alveolar ridge.

postalveolar /ˌpoʊstælˈviələɹ/ /ˌpəʊstælviˈəʊlə(ɹ)/ /ˌpəʊstælˈviːələ(ɹ)/ /ˌpəʊstˈælvi.ələ(ɹ)/ postalveolars n
spółgłoska postalweolarna spółgłoska zadziąsłowa
(phonetics) Any sound articulated with the tongue near or touching the back of the alveolar ridge, such as English sh in the word shoe.

postbellum adj
powojenny
(US) Of the period following the American Civil War, especially used in reference to the South.

postcard /ˈpoʊstˌkɑɹd/ postcards n
pocztówka karta pocztowa widokówka
A rectangular piece of thick paper or thin cardboard intended to be written on and mailed without an envelope. In the case of a picture postcard, one side displays a picture or photograph.

postclassical adj
poklasyczny postklasyczny
After the classical era (but sometimes before the medieval).

postcode /ˈpoʊs(t)ˌkoʊd/ /ˈpəʊs(t)kəʊd/ postcodes n
kod pocztowy
(Australia, Britain, New Zealand) A sequence of letters and numbers added to a postal address to aid the sorting and delivery of post or mail.

postcolonial adj
postkolonialny
(philosophy) Of or pertaining to postcolonialism.

poster /ˈpoʊstɚ/ posters n
plakat afisz
A picture of a celebrity, an event etc., intended to be attached to a wall.
afisz plakat
An advertisement to be posted on a pole, wall etc. to advertise something.

posterior /poʊˈstɪɹ.i.ɚ/ /pɑˈstɪɹ.i.ɚ/ /pɒˈstɪə.ɹi.ə/ more posterior most posterior adj
tylny zadni
(anatomy) Nearer the rear or hind end; nearer the caudal end of the body in quadrupeds or the dorsal end in bipeds.

posterior chamber posterior chambers n
komora tylna oka
(anatomy, ophthalmology) A narrow space inside the eye between the iris and the lens, filled with aqueous humour.

posterity /pɒˈstɛɹɪti/ posterities n
potomstwo progenitura
All the future generations, especially the descendants of a specific person.

postholiday adj
poświąteczny
Occurring after, or as a consequence of, a holiday; often specifically after the holiday season of late December

posthumous /ˈpɒs.t͡ʃə.məs/ /ˈpɒs.t͡ʃʊ.məs/ adj
pośmiertny
Taking place after one's own death.
In reference to a work, published after the author's death.

posthumously adv
pośmiertnie
After death.

postiche /pɑˈstiʃ/ /pɒsˈtiːʃ/ /pɔˈstiʃ/ postiche postiches n
tresa treska
Any item of false hair worn on the head or face, such as a false beard or wig.

postilion /poʊˈstɪljən/ /pɒˈstɪlɪən/ /pəˈstɪljən/ postilions n
foryś
A rider mounted on the near (left) leading horse who guides the team pulling a carriage.

postindustrial more postindustrial most postindustrial adj
postindustrialny
Describing the economy of a nation in which manufacturing industry becomes less important and the service and information industries become more important.

postmaterialism n
postmaterializm

postmaterialist more postmaterialist most postmaterialist adj
postmaterialistyczny

postmaterialist postmaterialists n
postmaterialista

postmodernism /pəʊstˈmɑdɚnɪzəm/ postmodernisms n
postmodernizm
Any style in art, architecture, literature, philosophy, etc., that reacts against an earlier modernist movement.

postmodernist more postmodernist most postmodernist adj
postmodernistyczny
postmodern

postmodernist postmodernists n
postmodernista postmodernistka
An advocate or follower of postmodernism.

postmodernity postmodernities n
ponowoczesność
The state or condition of being postmodern.

postnatal adj
poporodowy połogowy
after being born, of or pertaining to the period immediately after birth (of a baby)

postoperative /poʊstˈɑpəɹətɪv/ /pəʊstˈɒpəɹətɪv/ adj
pooperacyjny
Of, relating to, or occurring in the period after a surgical operation.

postpartum /ˌpəʊstˈpɑː(ɹ)təm/ adj
poporodowy
Of a mother: after giving birth (often defined as within 30 days after childbirth).

postpartum depression postpartum depressions n
depresja poporodowa
(psychiatry) Depression experienced by a parent, usually the mother, after childbirth.

postpone /poʊstˈpoʊn/ v
odłożyć odkładać odraczać odroczyć przełożyć (na inny termin)
To delay or put off an event, appointment, etc.

postposition postpositions n
poimek
(grammar) A word that has the same purpose as a preposition but comes after the noun.

postprandial /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈpɹæn.di.əl/ /ˌpəʊs(t)ˈpɹan.dɪ.əl/ adj
poobiedni
After a meal, especially after dinner.

postscript /ˈpoʊst.skɹɪpt/ postscripts n
dopisek post scriptum posłowie
(countable) An addendum to a letter, added after the author's signature.

postscriptum /ˌpəʊstˈskɹɪptəm/ postscripta postscriptums n
postscriptum
(rare) A thing that has been written afterwards; something appended in writing.

posttraumatic adj
pourazowy
After, or as a result of, a trauma.

postvaccinal adj
poszczepienny
After vaccination.

postwoman postwomen n
listonoszka
(rare) A female letter carrier, a woman who delivers mail.

pot /pɑt/ /pɒt/ /pɔt/ pots n
marihuana trawa zioło
(slang, uncountable) Marijuana.
garnek
A vessel used for brewing or serving drinks: a coffeepot or teapot.
wereżka więcierz
(Maine) A pot-shaped trap used for catching lobsters or other seafood: a lobster pot.
pula
(gambling, poker) The money available to be won in a hand of poker or a round of other games of chance; (figuratively) any sum of money being used as an enticement.
An allocation of money for a particular purpose.

pot calling the kettle black /ˈpɑt ˈkɔliŋ ðə ˈkɛtl̩ ˈblæk/ /ˈpɒt ˈkɔːliŋ ðə ˈkɛtl̩ ˈblæk/ n
przyganiał kocioł garnkowi
(idiomatic) A situation in which somebody comments on or accuses someone else of a fault which the accuser shares.

pot marigold pot marigolds n
nagietek lekarski
Calendula officinalis, a species of marigold

potable /ˈpoʊtəbəl/ /ˈpɑt-/ /ˈpɒt-/ /ˈpəʊtəbəl/ more potable most potable adj
pitny
(formal) Good for drinking without fear of disease or poisoning.

potash /ˈpɑt.æʃ/ /ˈpɒt.æʃ/ potashes n
potaż
The water-soluble part of the ash formed by burning plant material; used for making soap and glass and as a fertilizer.
(chemistry) An impure form of potassium carbonate (K2CO3) mixed with other potassium salts.

potassium /pəˈtæsiəm/ potassiums n
potas
A soft, waxy, silvery reactive metal that is never found unbound in nature; an element (symbol K) with an atomic number of 19 and atomic weight of 39.0983. The symbol is derived from the Latin kalium.

potassium chloride n
chlorek potasu
(inorganic compound) The potassium salt of hydrochloric acid, KCl; it is used as a fertilizer, and in lethal injections

potassium hydroxide n
wodorotlenek potasu
(inorganic compound) The alkaline base KOH, once known as caustic potash; it has a number of industrial uses, including the manufacture of bleach.

potato /pəˈteɪ.toʊ/ /pəˈteɪ.təʊ/ [pə̥ˈtʰeɪtʰəʊ] [pə̥ˈtʰeɪɾoʊ] [pə̥ˈtʰeɪɾə] potatoes n
ziemniak kartofel pyra
The tuber of a plant, Solanum tuberosum, eaten as a starchy vegetable, particularly in the Americas and Europe; this plant.

potato crisp potato crisps n
chips czips
(mostly, British) A thin slice of potato that has been fried, typically packaged and sold as a snack.

potato masher potato mashers n
tłuczek do ziemniaków
A utensil used to mash potatoes.

potato pancake potato pancakes n
placek ziemniaczany placek kartoflany
A shallow-fried pancake of grated potato and egg, often flavored with grated onion.

potato salad potato salads n
sałatka ziemniaczana
A salad made from chopped boiled potatoes and a variety of other ingredients in a dressing.

potato starch potato starches n
mąka ziemniaczana
(gastronomy) A widely diffused vegetable substance found in the extracted material of potatoes used in cooking.

potbellied more potbellied most potbellied adj
brzuchaty
having a potbelly

potbelly potbellies n
bebech kałdun bebzun brzuchol
A large, swollen, or protruding abdomen; a paunch. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

poteen /-tjiːn/ /-t͡ʃiːn/ /pəˈtiːn/ /ˈpɒ.tiːn/ poteens n
poitín
(Ireland, countable, uncountable) Illegally produced Irish whiskey; moonshine. [from early 19th c.]
(Ireland, countable, by extension) An unlicensed drinking establishment selling illegally produced Irish whiskey.

potency /ˈpəʊtənsi/ potencies n
potencja
Power, authority.
The ability or capacity to perform something
(of alcoholic drinks, of drugs) Concentration; strength

potentate /ˈpoʊ.tən.teɪt/ /ˈpəʊ.tən.teɪt/ potentates n
magnat potentat
A powerful leader; a monarch; a ruler.

potential /po(ʊ)ˈtɛnʃəl/ /pəˈtɛnʃəl/ adj
potencjalny
Existing in possibility, not in actuality.

potential /po(ʊ)ˈtɛnʃəl/ /pəˈtɛnʃəl/ potentials n
potencjał
A currently unrealized ability (with the most common adposition being to).
(physics) The work (energy) required to move a reference particle from a reference location to a specified location in the presence of a force field, for example to bring a unit positive electric charge from an infinite distance to a specified point against an electric field.

potential energy potential energies n
energia potencjalna
The energy possessed by an object because of its position (in a gravitational or electric field), or its condition (as a stretched or compressed spring, as a chemical reactant, or by having rest mass).

potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/ more potentially most potentially adv
potencjalnie
In a manner showing much potential; with the possibility of happening in a given way.

potentilla potentillas n
pięciornik
Any of many shrubs and herbs of the genus Potentilla; the cinquefoils.

potentiometer potentiometers n
potencjometr
(electronics) A user-adjustable three-terminal variable resistor that can be used as a voltage divider.

potholder potholders n
łapka kuchenna
An insulated pad used for handling hot cooking utensils

pothole potholes n
wybój wyrwa
A shallow pit or other edged depression in a road's surface, especially when caused by erosion by weather or traffic.
wybój wyrwa wytopisko
A pit formed in the bed of a turbulent stream.
dziura wykopana przez łowcę
(archaeology) A pit resulting from unauthorized excavation by treasure-hunters or vandals.

potion /pəʊ.ʃən/ /ˈpoʊ.ʃən/ potions n
mikstura napój leczniczy napój magiczny
A small portion or dose of a liquid which is medicinal, poisonous, or magical.

potlatch /ˈpɑtˌlæt͡ʃ/ /ˈpɒtlætʃ/ potlatches n
potlacz
(Canada, US, also, figuratively) A ceremony amongst certain indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest in which gifts are bestowed upon guests and personal property is destroyed in a show of generosity and wealth.

potoroo potoroos n
kanguroszczur poturu
Any species of the genus Potorous of the rat kangaroo family Potoroidae, endemic to Australia. [from 18th c.]

potter /ˈpɑtɚ/ /ˈpɒtə/ potters n
garncarz garncarka
One who makes pots and other ceramic wares.

potter's clay potter's clays n
glina garncarska
The clay used by a potter.

potter's wheel potter's wheels n
koło garncarskie
A turntable type of machine used by a potter to form round pieces of pottery from wet clay.

pottery /ˈpɑtəɹi/ /ˈpɒtəɹi/ potteries n
ceramika
Fired ceramic wares that contain clay when formed.
garncarstwo
The potter's craft or art: making vessels from clay.

potto /ˈpɒtəʊ/ pottos n
potto
A small primate, Perodicticus potto, native to the tropical rainforests of Africa. [from 18th c.]

potty /ˈpɒti/ potties n
nocnik
A small, usually plastic, chamber pot used to toilet-train small children.

pouch /paʊt͡ʃ/ pouches n
sakiewka sakwa saszetka
A small bag usually closed with a drawstring.

pouf /puːf/ /pʊf/ poufs n
puf
A low cushioned seat with no back; a padded footstool. [from 19th c.]

poultry /ˈpoʊltɹi/ /ˈpɒltɹi/ /ˈpəʊltɹi/ poultries n
drób
The meat from a domestic fowl.

pounce /paʊns/ pounces n
proszek na atrament
(historical) A type of fine powder, as of sandarac, or cuttlefish bone, sprinkled over wet ink to dry the ink after writing or on rough paper to smooth the writing surface.

pound /paʊnd/ pound pounds n
funt
A unit of mass equal to 16 avoirdupois ounces (= 453.592 g). Today this value is the most common meaning of "pound" as a unit of weight.
A unit of currency in various currency systems
Any of various units of currency formerly used in the United States.

pound /paʊnd/ v
bachnąć walić walnąć
(transitive) To strike hard, usually repeatedly.
walić
(intransitive, of a body part, generally heart, blood, or head) To beat strongly or throb.
(transitive, vulgar, slang) To penetrate sexually, with vigour.

pound cake pound cakes n
babka piaskowa
(US) A dense yellow cake, the traditional recipe for which consists of equal quantities (nominally one pound) of butter, eggs, flour, and sugar.

pound sterling /paʊnd ˈstɜː(ɹ).lɪŋ/ pounds sterling n
funt funt sterling funt szterling sterling szterling
The currency of the United Kingdom.

pour /paʊəɹ/ /paʊɹ/ /po(ː)ɹ/ /poə/ /pɔɹ/ /pɔː/ v
lać sypać
(transitive, figurative) To send out as in a stream or a flood; to cause (an emotion) to come out; to cause to escape.

pour down the drain v
wyrzucać w błoto wyrzucić w błoto
(pejorative, idiom, transitive) To waste prior work by subsequent bad decisions.

pour oil on troubled waters v
łagodzić
(idiomatic) To calm, appease or quieten a person or situation.

pour out v
wylać wylewać wysypać
(transitive) To distribute or spread (something), as if it were a liquid.

pout /paʊt/ /pʌʊt/ v
boczyć się
(intransitive) To be or pretend to be ill-tempered; to sulk.

poutine /puˈtin/ /puːˈtiːn/ /puːˈtɪn/ [pʉuˈtɪin] poutines n
frytki z sosem pieczeniowym poutine
Chiefly with a qualifying word: any of a number of variations on the basic poutine dish.

poverty /ˈpɑːvɚti/ /ˈpɒvəti/ poverties n
bieda ubóstwo niedostatek
The quality or state of being poor; lack of money

poverty line poverty lines n
granica ubóstwa
(economics) The threshold of poverty, below which one's income does not cover necessities.

pow /paʊ/ [pəʉ] interjection
bach
The sound of a violent impact, such as a punch.

powder /ˈpaʊ.də(ɹ)/ powders n
proszek puder przysypka zasypka
The fine particles which are the result of reducing a dry substance by pounding, grinding, or triturating, or the result of decay; dust.
(cosmetics) A mixture of fine dry, sweet-smelling particles applied to the face or other body parts, to reduce shine or to alleviate chaffing.

powder flask powder flasks n
prochownica
A small flask for carrying gunpowder.

powder horn powder horns n
prochownica
A tool, usually made from an animal's horn, used to load gunpowder into a gun or cannon.

powder keg powder kegs n
beczka prochu
A barrel containing gunpowder.
(figuratively) An explosive or otherwise volatile situation.

powdered sugar /ˈpaʊ.dəd ˈʃʊɡ.ə/ /ˈpaʊ.dɚd ˈʃʊɡ.ɚ/ powdered sugars n
cukier puder
(US) Very finely ground sugar to which cornstarch is added to prevent lumping, mostly used in icings and confections to produce a smooth texture.

power /ˈpaʊ̯.ə/ /ˈpaʊ̯.ɚ/ /ˈpaʊ̯ə̯/ /ˈpaʊ̯ɹ/ /ˈpæʊ̯.ə/ [ˈpæɔ̯ə] [ˈpʰaə] [ˈpʰaʊ̯ɚ] [ˈpʰaʊ̯ɹ] [ˈpʰaː] [ˈpʰæʊ̯ə] [ˈpʰɑː] [ˈpʰɛəː] powers n
moc władza możność
(countable) The ability to affect or influence.
(social) The ability to coerce, influence, or control.
potęga mocarstwo
(metonymically) An influential nation, company, or other such body.
władza
Control or coercion, particularly legal or political (jurisdiction).
siła potęga
Physical force or strength.
zasilanie
Electricity or a supply of electricity.
moc potęga
(physics, mechanics) A measure of the effectiveness that a force producing a physical effect has over time. If linear, the quotient of: (force multiplied by the displacement of or in an object) ÷ time. If rotational, the quotient of: (force multiplied by the angle of displacement) ÷ time.
potęga
A product of equal factors (and generalizations of this notion): x^n, read as "x to the power of n" or the like, is called a power and denotes the product x \times x \times \cdots \times x, where x appears n times in the product; x is called the base and n the exponent.
(statistics) The probability that a statistical test will reject the null hypothesis when the alternative hypothesis is true.

power /ˈpaʊ̯.ə/ /ˈpaʊ̯.ɚ/ /ˈpaʊ̯ə̯/ /ˈpaʊ̯ɹ/ /ˈpæʊ̯.ə/ [ˈpæɔ̯ə] [ˈpʰaə] [ˈpʰaʊ̯ɚ] [ˈpʰaʊ̯ɹ] [ˈpʰaː] [ˈpʰæʊ̯ə] [ˈpʰɑː] [ˈpʰɛəː] v
zasilać
(transitive) To provide power for (a mechanical or electronic device).

power corrupts, absolute power corrupts absolutely proverb
władza korumpuje, a władza absolutna korumpuje absolutnie
The corrupting influence of power is total when one's power is total.

power function power functions n
funkcja potęgowa

power grid power grids n
sieć elektroenergetyczna
The infrastructure for distributing electrical power throughout a region.

power inverter power inverters n
falownik inwerter przetwornica
(electrical engineering) A device that converts direct current electricity to alternating current electricity.

power move power moves n
ruch władzy
(figuratively) An aggressive action taken to demonstrate power and dominance.

power of attorney /ˌpaʊə(r) əv əˈtɜː(r)niː/ powers of attorney n
pełnomocnictwo upoważnienie
(uncountable, legal) The legal authorisation of one person to act as the agent of another.
pełnomocnictwo
(countable, legal) A legal document allowing one person to act as the agent of another.

power series power series n
szereg potęgowy

power set power sets n
zbiór potęgowy
(set theory, of a set S) The set whose elements comprise all the subsets of S (including the empty set and S itself).

power station power stations n
elektrownia
An industrial complex where electricity is produced.

power steering n
wspomaganie kierownicy
(automotive) A system for reducing the driver's effort to steer, by using a power source to assist in turning the wheels.

power strip power strips n
złodziejka listwa zasilająca przedłużacz
A block of electrical sockets that attaches to the end of a flexible cable and allows multiple electrical devices to be plugged in.

power supply power supplies n
zasilacz
That part of a piece of electronic apparatus that provides appropriate voltages for the rest of the electronics from the connected AC source.

power tool power tools n
elektronarzędzie
Any of a wide class of tools powered by a motor (usually an electric motor); most especially such tools as are handheld, portable, and not stationary.

power vacuum power vacua power vacuums n
próżnia władzy
A lack of centralised political authority, especially following a conflict, revolution, change of power, etc.

power-hungry more power-hungry most power-hungry adj
spragniony władzy żądny władzy
(idiomatic) Having a strong desire for power.
energochłonny
(electronics) Of a device, using or requiring a large amount of electrical power.

powerbank powerbanks n
bank energii powerbank
A portable device used to charge mobile phones and tablet computers.

powerful /ˈpaʊəfəl/ /ˈpaʊɚfəl/ more powerful most powerful powerfuler powerfulest powerfuller powerfullest adj
potężny mocny
Having, or capable of exerting power, potency or influence.

powerless /ˈpaʊələs/ /ˈpaʊɚləs/ more powerless most powerless adj
bezsilny
Lacking sufficient power or strength.

powerlessness powerlessnesses n
bezsilność bezsiła
The state or character of being powerless; absence or lack of power.

powers that be n
grupa trzymająca władzę
(idiomatic) The holders of power or the authorities in a given situation, especially if seen as being faceless or unreasonably bureaucratic.

powidl n
powidła powidło

powwow powwows n
rada plemienna (Indian północnoamerykańskich)
(North America) A large gathering during which Indigenous songs and dances are showcased for an audience, essentially a recital or concert. Often also doubles as a fundraiser, or can be held in conjunction with a non-indigneous fair or exhibition in order to attract a large crowd, as at the Calgary Stampede and K-Days.

pox /pɑks/ poxes n
ospa
A disease characterized by purulent skin eruptions that may leave pockmarks.

practical /ˈpɹæktɪkəl/ more practical most practical adj
praktyczny
Relating to, or based on, practice or action rather than theory or hypothesis.
Being likely to be effective and applicable to a real situation; able to be put to use.

practical joke practical jokes n
figiel psikus
A playful trick done for amusement to the detriment of someone else.

practicality practicalities n
praktyczność
(uncountable) The state of being practical or feasible.

practically /ˈpɹæktɪk(ə)li/ more practically most practically adv
praktycznie
In practice; in effect or actuality, though possibly not officially.
bez mała niemal prawie
Almost completely; almost entirely.

practice /ˈpɹæktɪs/ practices n
ćwiczenie praktyka
Repetition of an activity to improve a skill.
praktyka
(uncountable, especially, medicine, arts) The ongoing pursuit of a craft or profession, particularly in medicine or the fine arts.
Actual operation or experiment, in contrast to theory.
praktyka nawyk obyczaj zwyczaj
A customary action, habit, or behaviour; a manner or routine.

practice makes perfect proverb
ćwiczenie czyni mistrza trening czyni mistrza
If one practices an activity enough, one will eventually master it.

practice what one preaches v
praktykuj, jak głosisz
(American spelling) To act in harmony with one's teachings and advice.

practicum /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.kəm/ practica practicums n
praktyka praktyka studencka
(US) A college course designed to give a student supervised practical knowledge of a subject previously studied theoretically.

practise /ˈpɹæktɪs/ v
ćwiczyć
(transitive) To repeat (an activity) as a way of improving one's skill in that activity.
To put into practice; to carry out; to act upon; to commit; to execute; to do.
praktykować
(transitive) To perform or observe in an habitual fashion.
praktykować zajmować się
(transitive) To pursue (a career, especially law, fine art or medicine).

practitioner /pɹækˈtɪʃənə/ /pɹækˈtɪʃənəɹ/ practitioners n
praktyczka praktyk
A person who practices a profession or art, especially law or medicine.

praetor /ˈpɹiːtɔː/ praetores praetors n
pretor
(history) The title designating a Roman administrative official whose role changed over time:

pragmatic /pɹæɡˈmætɪk/ more pragmatic most pragmatic adj
pragmatyczny
Practical, concerned with making decisions and actions that are useful in practice, not just theory.

pragmatics n
pragmatyka
(linguistics, translation studies) The study of the use of language in a social context.

prairie /ˈpɹɛəɹi/ [ˈpɹɛɹi] prairies n
preria
An extensive area of relatively flat grassland with few, if any, trees, especially in North America.

prairie dog prairie dogs n
nieświszczuk piesek preriowy
Any of genus Cynomys, small, stout-bodied burrowing rodents with shallow cheek pouches, native to North America and Central America.

praise /pɹeɪz/ praises n
pochwała
Commendation; favourable representation in words.

praise /pɹeɪz/ v
chwalić pochwalić
To give praise to; to commend, glorify, or worship.

praise the Lord interjection
chwała Bogu
Phrase used to thank God by Christians.

praise to the skies /ˌpɹeɪz tə ðə ˈskaɪz/ v
wynieść pod niebiosa wynosić pod niebiosa
(transitive, idiomatic) To praise or laud (someone or something) excessively.

praiseworthy /ˈpɹeɪz.wɜː.ði/ /ˈpɹeɪz.wɝ.ði/ more praiseworthy most praiseworthy praiseworthier praiseworthiest adj
chwalebny godny pochwały
Meriting praise; worthy of high praise

praline /pɹɑˈlin/ /ˈpɹeɪ.liːn/ /ˈpɹeɪˌlin/ /ˈpɹɑ.lin/ /ˈpɹɑˌlin/ /ˈpɹɑː.liːn/ /ˈpɹɔ.lin/ pralines n
pralina
A confection made from almonds and other nuts, caramelized sugar, and sometimes milk or cream.

pralltriller pralltrillers n
odwrócony mordent

pram /pɹæm/ prams n
wózek dziecięcy wózek
A small vehicle, usually covered, in which a newborn baby is pushed around in a lying position.
(colloquial, loosely) A pushchair; a buggy.

prank /pɹæŋk/ pranks n
figiel kawał
A practical joke or mischievous trick.

prankster pranksters n
kawalarz dowcipniś dowcipniśia figlarka figlarz kawalarka
One who performs pranks.

praseodymium /ˌpɹeɪzioʊˈdɪmiəm/ praseodymiums n
prazeodym
A chemical element (symbol Pr) with an atomic number of 59, a soft, silvery, malleable and ductile metal, valued for its magnetic, electrical, chemical, and optical properties.

prate /pɹeɪt/ prates n
bajdurzyć
Talk to little purpose; trifling talk; unmeaningful loquacity.

pratincole /ˈpɹætɪnˌkəʊl/ pratincoles n
żwirowiec

prattle /ˈpɹætəl/ v
bajtlować paplać zbajtlować
(ambitransitive) To speak incessantly and in an inconsequential or childish manner; to babble.

prawn /pɹoːn/ /pɹɔn~pɹɑn/ /pɹɔːn/ prawn prawns n
krewetka
(Commonwealth) A crustacean, sometimes confused with shrimp.

pray /pɹeɪ/ v
modlić się pomodlić się
(religion) To direct words, thoughts, or one's attention to a deity or any higher being, for the sake of adoration, thanks, petition for help, etc.
modlić się błagać
(obsolete) To ask earnestly for; to seek to obtain by supplication; to entreat for.

prayer /pɹɛə(ɹ)/ /pɹɛɚ/ /ˈpɹeɪəɹ/ /ˈpɹɛɹ/ prayers n
modlitwa modły
(uncountable) A practice of communicating with one's God, or with some spiritual entity.
(countable) An act of praying.
A meeting held for the express purpose of praying.
modlitwa
The specific words or methods used for praying.
pragnienie modlitwa
(countable) A request; a petition.

prayer beads n
różaniec sznur modlitewny
A string of beads used by members of various religions to count prayers, chants or devotions.

prayer book prayer books n
modlitewnik skarbczyk
A book containing religious prayers

prayer rug prayer rugs n
dywan modlitewny
A small rug on which Muslims kneel to pray.

praying mantis praying mantes praying mantises n
modliszka
Any of various predatory, cannibalistic insects of the order Mantodea that have a prayer-like stance.

pre- /pɹi/ /pɹiː/ /pɹɪ/ prefix
przed
Before; earlier in time; beforehand.

pre-Christian adj
przedchrześcijański
Pertaining to the time before the arrival of Christianity, particularly in Western Europe.

pre-Socratic /ˌpɹiːsɒˈkɹætɪk/ adj
przedsokratejski
(historical) Existing in Ancient Greece before the flourishing of the philosopher Socrates (circa 469–399 BCE).

pre-Socratic /ˌpɹiːsɒˈkɹætɪk/ pre-Socratics n
presokratyk
(historical) Any of the pre-Socratic philosophers, viz. Thales (circa 624–546 BCE), Anaximander (circa 610–546 BCE), Anaximenes (circa 585–525 BCE), Pythagoras (circa 576–495 BCE), Xenophanes (circa 570–480 BCE), Heraclitus (circa 535–475 BCE), Parmenides (early-5th century BCE), Anaxagoras (circa 500–428 BCE), Empedocles (circa 490–430 BCE), and Democritus (circa 460–370 BCE).

pre-ejaculate n
preejakulat
The clear, viscous fluid that is secreted from the penis before ejaculation.

pre-war adj
przedwojenny
Before a war.

preach /pɹiːt͡ʃ/ v
głosić kazać
(transitive) To proclaim by public discourse; to utter in a sermon or a formal religious harangue.

preach to deaf ears v
rzucać grochem o ścianę rzucić grochem o ścianę

preach to the choir v
wyważać otwarte drzwi
(idiomatic) To speak as if to convince a person or group of something they already believe.

preacher /ˈpɹit͡ʃɚ/ /ˈpɹiːt͡ʃə/ preachers n
kaznodzieja
Someone who preaches a worldview, philosophy, or religion, especially someone who preaches the gospel; a clergyman or clergywoman.

preamble /ˈpɹiˌæmbəl/ /ˈpɹiːˌambəl/ preambles n
preambuła arenga
A short preliminary statement or remark, especially an explanatory introduction to a formal document or statute.

preamplifier preamplifiers n
przedwzmacniacz
A voltage amplifier for amplifying a low-level input signal; its output is the input to a higher-level amplifier.

preaspiration /ˌpɹiːˌæspəˈɹeɪʃən/ preaspirations n
przydech
(phonetics) A period of voiceless breathing that precedes some consonants in some languages—a sort of mirror-image of aspiration.

prebend prebends n
prebenda
(obsolete) A stipend paid to a canon of a cathedral.

prebiotic /pɹiːbaɪˈɒtɪk/ prebiotics n
prebiotyk
(chiefly, in plural) A substance in food that is hard to digest and promotes the growth of beneficial intestinal microorganisms. [from 20th c.]

precariat precariats n
prekariat
(sociology, collective) People suffering from precarity, especially as a social class; people living a precarious existence, without security or predictability, especially job security.

precarious /pɹɪˈkɛə.ɹɪ.əs/ /pɹɪˈkɛɚ.i.əs/ more precarious most precarious adj
niepewny niebezpieczny
(comparable) Dangerously insecure or unstable; perilous.

precariously more precariously most precariously adv
niepewnie
In a precarious manner; dangerously.

precede /pɹiːˈsiːd/ /pɹəˈsiːd/ /pɹɪˈsiːd/ v
poprzedzać poprzedzić
(transitive) To go before, go in front of.

precedence /pɹɪˈsiːd(ə)ns/ /ˈpɹiːsɪd(ə)ns/ /ˈpɹɛsɪd(ə)ns/ precedences n
pierwszeństwo precedencja
The state of preceding in importance or priority.

precedent /pɹɪˈsiː.dənt/ /ˈpɹes.ə.dənt/ /ˈpɹiː-/ /ˈpɹiː.sə.dənt/ /ˈpɹɛs-/ /ˈpɹɛs.ɪ.dənt/ precedents n
precedens
An act in the past which may be used as an example to help decide the outcome of similar instances in the future.
(legal) A decided case which is cited or used as an example to justify a judgment in a subsequent case.

preceding /pɹiːˈsiːdɪŋ/ /pɹɪˈsiːdɪŋ/ adj
poprzedzający
Occurring before or in front of something else, in time, place, rank or sequence.

precession precessions n
precesja
(physics, countable) The wobbling motion of the axis of a spinning body when there is an external force acting on the axis.
Any of several slow changes in an astronomical body's rotational or orbital parameters.

prechew v
żuć przed faktem

precious /ˈpɹɛʃ.əs/ more precious most precious adj
cenny drogocenny drogi
Of high value or worth.

precious metal precious metals n
metal szlachetny kruszec
A rare metallic chemical element of high economic value, such as gold and platinum.

precious stone precious stones n
kamień szlachetny klejnot
Any gem, such as a diamond or ruby, that is expensive because of its rarity or desirability; especially one set into a piece of jewelry.

precipice /ˈpɹɛs.ə.pɪs/ /ˈpɹɛsɪpɪs/ precipices n
przepaść
A very steep cliff.

precipitate /pɹəˈsɪpɪteɪt/ /pɹəˈsɪpɪtət/ /pɹɪˈsɪpɪteɪt/ /pɹɪˈsɪpɪtət/ precipitates n
osad strąt
(chemistry) a solid that exits the liquid phase of a solution

precipitate /pɹəˈsɪpɪteɪt/ /pɹəˈsɪpɪtət/ /pɹɪˈsɪpɪteɪt/ /pɹɪˈsɪpɪtət/ v
osadzać osadzić strącać strącić wytrącać wytrącić
(intransitive, chemistry) To come out of a liquid solution into solid form.
(transitive, chemistry) To separate a substance out of a liquid solution into solid form.

precipitation /pɹɪˌsɪpɪˈteɪʃən/ precipitations n
opad atmosferyczny
(meteorology) Any or all of the forms of water particles, whether liquid or solid, that fall from the upper atmosphere (e.g., rain, hail, snow or sleet). It is a major class of hydrometeor, but it is distinguished from cloud, fog, dew, rime, frost, etc., in that it must fall. It is distinguished from cloud and virga in that it must reach the ground.

precipitationless adj
bezopadowy

precise /pɹɪˈsaɪs/ more precise most precise preciser precisest adj
dokładny precyzyjny
Exact, accurate.

precise /pɹɪˈsaɪs/ v
precyzować
(nonstandard, NNES, or, European Union, _, documents, transitive) To make or render precise; to specify.

precisely /pɹɪˈsaɪsli/ more precisely most precisely adv
dokładnie precyzyjnie
(manner) In a precise manner; exactly.

precision /pɹɪˈsɪʒ.ən/ [pɹɪˈsɪʒ.n̩] precisions n
dokładność
The state of being precise or exact; exactness.
The ability of a measurement to be reproduced consistently.
(mathematics) The number of significant digits to which a value may be measured reliably.

preclassical adj
przedklasyczny
Of or pertaining to a period before a classical period.

preclude /pɹiːˈkluːd/ /pɹɪˈkluːd/ v
wykluczyć wykluczać
(transitive) Remove the possibility of; rule out; prevent or exclude; to make impossible.

precognition /ˌpɹiːkɒɡˈnɪʃn̩/ precognitions n
prekognicja
(parapsychology) Knowledge of the future; understanding of something in advance, especially as a form of supernatural or extrasensory perception. [from 15th c.]

preconstitutional more preconstitutional most preconstitutional adj
przedkonstytucyjny
Before the adoption of a constitution, especially the U.S. Constitution.

precursor /pɹɪˈkɜɹ.səɹ/ /pɹɪˈkɜː.sə(ɹ)/ /ˈpɹiːˌkɜɹ.səɹ/ /ˈpɹiːˌkɜː.sə(ɹ)/ precursors n
prekursor prekursorka
That which precurses: a forerunner, predecessor, or indicator of approaching events.
prekursor
(chemistry) One of the compounds that participates in the chemical reaction that produces another compound.

predation predations n
drapieżnictwo
(zoology) The preying of one animal on others.

predator /ˈpɹɛd.ə.tə/ /ˈpɹɛd.ə.tɚ/ predators n
drapieżnik
Any animal or other organism that hunts and kills other non-plant organisms (their prey), primarily for food.

predatory pricing n
dumping

predecessor /ˈpɹi.də.sɛs.ɚ/ /ˈpɹiːdɪsɛsə(ɹ)/ /ˈpɹiːdɪsɛsɚ/ /ˈpɹɛd.ə.sɛs.ɚ/ predecessors n
poprzednik poprzedniczka antecesor
One who precedes; one who has preceded another in any state, position, office, etc.; one whom another follows or comes after, in any office or position.
poprzednik
A model or type of machinery or device which precedes the current (or later) one. Usually used to describe an earlier, outdated model.

predestination /pɹi.dɛs.tɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ predestinations n
predestynacja
(theology) The doctrine that everything has been foreordained by God or by fate.
Destiny or fate.

predicament /pɹɪˈdɪkəmənt/ predicaments n
kłopotliwa sytuacja
An unfortunate or trying position or condition.

predicate /ˈpɹɛd.ɪ.kət/ /ˈpɹɛd.ɪ.kɪt/ predicates n
orzeczenie predykat
(grammar) The part of the sentence (or clause) which states a property that a subject has or is characterized by.
predykat funkcja zdaniowa
(logic) A term of a statement, where the statement may be true or false depending on whether the thing referred to by the values of the statement's variables has the property signified by that (predicative) term.

predicate logic predicate logics n
logika predykatów
(logic) The generic term for symbolic formal systems like first-order logic, second-order logic, many-sorted logic or infinitary logic.

predicative /ˈpɹɛ.də.kə.tɪv/ /ˈpɹɛ.dɪ.kə.tɪv/ adj
orzecznikowy
(grammar, of an adjectival or nominal phrase) Modifying a noun while in a predicate phrase, which predicate phrase is other than the noun phrase and occurs after a verb, as a predicate; contrasted with attributive.

predicative /ˈpɹɛ.də.kə.tɪv/ /ˈpɹɛ.dɪ.kə.tɪv/ predicatives n
orzecznik
(grammar) An element of the predicate of a sentence which complements the subject or object by means of the verb. Predicatives may be nominal or adjectival.

predicatively /ˈpɹɛ.də.kə.tɪv.li/ /ˈpɹɛ.dɪ.kə.tɪv.li/ adv
orzecznikowo predykatywnie
As a predicate; giving information about the subject of a sentence.

predict /pɹɪˈdɪkt/ v
przewidywać przewidzieć
(transitive) To make a prediction: to forecast, foretell, or estimate a future event on the basis of knowledge and reasoning; to prophesy a future event on the basis of mystical knowledge or power.

predictability /pɹəˌdɪktəˈbɪlɪti/ predictabilities n
przepowiadalność przewidywalność
The characteristic of being predictable.

predictable /pɹɪˈdɪktəbl̩/ more predictable most predictable adj
przepowiadalny przewidywalny
Able to be predicted.

prediction /pɹɪˈdɪkʃən/ predictions n
prognoza przepowiednia przewidywanie
A statement of what will happen in the future.

predisposition predispositions n
predyspozycja zadatek
The state of being predisposed or susceptible to something, especially to a behavior or a health condition.

predominant /pɹɪˈdɒmɪnənt/ more predominant most predominant adj
przeważający
Common or widespread; prevalent.
dominujący
Significant or important; dominant.

preeclampsia preeclampsias n
preeklampsja stan przedrzucawkowy
(pathology) A complication of pregnancy, affecting about 2-20% of women, depending on location, characterized by hypertension and damage to the linings of the blood vessels of the brain, liver, lungs and kidneys, which can lead to multiple organ failure, convulsions, coma and death. The only cure is delivery of the child.

preelection adj
przedwyborczy
Before an election.

preemie preemies n
wcześniak
(informal) A baby that has been born prematurely.

preemption /priːˈɛmpʃən/ preemptions n
pierwokup
The purchase of something before it is offered for sale to others.
wywłaszczenie
(computing) The temporary interruption of a task without its cooperation and with the intention of resuming it at a later time.

preface /ˈpɹɛfəs/ /ˈpɹɛfɪs/ prefaces n
przedmowa wstęp
A beginning or introductory portion that comes before the main text of a document or book, typically serving to contextualize or explain the writing of the book and sometimes to acknowledge others' contributions.

prefect /ˈpɹiːfɛkt/ prefects n
dyżurna dyżurny
(British) A school pupil in a position of power over other pupils.

prefecture /ˈpɹiˌfɛkt͡ʃəɹ/ /ˈpɹiːfɛktjʊə/ /ˈpɹiːfɛkt͡ʃə/ prefectures n
prefektura
The jurisdiction of a prefect; the region administered by a prefect, especially as a translation of certain French, Chinese, and Japanese administrative divisions.

prefer /pɹɪˈfɜː/ /pɹɪˈfɝ/ v
woleć preferować
(transitive) To be in the habit of choosing something rather than something else; to favor; to like better. [from 14th c.]

preferable /pɹəˈfɜːɹəb(ə)l/ /ˈpɹɛf(ə)ɹəb(ə)l/ more preferable most preferable adj
bardziej odpowiedni lepszy odpowiedniejszy
Better than some other option; preferred.

preferably /pɹəˈfɜːɹəˌbli/ /ˈpɹɛfɹəˌbli/ more preferably most preferably adv
najchętniej
In preference; by choice; in a preferable manner.

preference /ˈpɹɛf(ə)ɹ(ə)ns/ /ˈpɹɛf(ə)ɹɛns/ preferences n
preferencja
The option to so select, and the one selected.
A preferential bias; partiality; discrimination.

preferences n
preferencje
(computing) The user-specified settings of parameters in interactive computer software

prefix /pɹiːˈfɪks/ /pɹɛˈfɪks/ /ˈpɹiːfɪks/ prefixes n
prefiks
(computing) An initial segment of a string of characters.
przedrostek prefiks
(grammar, linguistic morphology) A morpheme added to the beginning of a word to modify its meaning, for example as, pre- in prefix, con- in conjure, re- in reheat, etc.

prefixation prefixations n
prefiksacja
(linguistics) The adding of a prefix to a word.

prefixless adj
bezprefiksalny bezprzedrostkowy

prefixoid prefixoids n
prefiksoid

pregaming n
bifor biforek biforka
Drinking cheap alcohol at home before going out socially.

preggie preggies n
ciężarówka

pregnancy /ˈpɹɛɡnənsi/ pregnancies n
ciąża brzemienność
The period of time this condition prevails.

pregnancy test pregnancy tests n
test ciążowy
a piece of test equipment that determines whether a woman, or by extension, a female animal is pregnant

pregnant /ˈpɹɛɡnənt/ more pregnant most pregnant adj
w ciąży ciężarny brzemienny
(mostly, not comparable) Carrying developing offspring within the body.

pregnant woman n
ciężarna

prehensile /pɹiˈhɛnsəl/ /pɹɪˈhɛn.saɪl/ adj
chwytny
(zoology) Able to take hold of and clasp objects; adapted for grasping especially by wrapping around an object.

prehistoric more prehistoric most prehistoric adj
prehistoryczny
(properly) Of or relating to the epoch before written record.

prehistory prehistories n
prehistoria
The time before written records in any area of the world; the events and conditions of those times.
(often, _, as, _, pre-history) The history leading up to some event, condition, etc.

preholiday adj
przedświąteczny
Before a holiday.

preimage preimages n
przeciwobraz
(mathematics) For a given function, the set of all elements of the domain that are mapped into a given subset of the codomain; (formally) given a function ƒ : X → Y and a subset B ⊆ Y, the set ƒ−1(B) = {x ∈ X : ƒ(x) ∈ B}.

preindustrial adj
przedindustrialny
Of or relating to the period before the Industrial Revolution and the global industrialisation that followed.

prejudge v
przesądzać przesądzić
(ambitransitive) To form a judgment of (something) in advance.

prejudice /ˈpɹɛd͡ʒədɪs/ prejudices n
uprzedzenie
(countable) An adverse judgment or opinion formed beforehand or without knowledge of the facts.
(countable) A preconception, any preconceived opinion or feeling, whether positive or negative.
(countable) An irrational hostile attitude, fear or hatred towards a particular group, race or religion.

prejudiced more prejudiced most prejudiced adj
uprzedzone uprzedzony
Having prejudices.

prelate /ˈpɹɛlət/ prelates n
prałat
A clergyman of high rank and authority, having jurisdiction over an area or a group of people; normally a bishop.

prelection /pɹɪˈlɛkʃ(ə)n/ prelections n
konferencja odczyt prelekcja

preliminary /pɹɪˈlɪmɪnəɹi/ /pɹɪˈlɪmɪnɛɹi/ adj
wstępny
In preparation for the main matter; initial, introductory, preparatory.

prelude /ˈpɹeɪl(j)uːd/ /ˈpɹiːl(j)uːd/ /ˈpɹiːluːd/ /ˈpɹɛl(j)uːd/ /ˈpɹɛlɪu̯d/ preludes n
preludium
An introductory or preliminary performance or event.
(music) A short, free-form piece of music, originally one serving as an introduction to a longer and more complex piece; later, starting with the Romantic period, generally a stand-alone piece. [from 1650s]

premarital adj
przedmałżeński
Before marriage; before getting married.

premature /ˈpɹɛ.mə.tjə/ /ˌpɹi.məˈtʊɹ/ /ˌpɹi.məˈt͡ʃʊɹ/ /ˌpɹɛ.məˈtjʊə/ more premature most premature adj
przedwczesny
Occurring before a state of readiness or maturity has arrived.

premature birth premature births n
wcześniactwo
(medicine) Childbirth occurring earlier than 37 completed weeks of gestation, but later than 20th week, which is regarded a miscarriage.

premature ejaculation premature ejaculations n
przedwczesny wytrysk
A medical condition where a man, when initiating sexual intercourse, will experience an orgasm and expel semen after a time period far below the average, generally defined as one minute or less.

premature ejaculator premature ejaculators n
ktoś, kto ma przedwczesny wytrysk

prematurely /ˌpɹiːməˈtjʊə(ɹ)li/ /ˌpɹɛməˈtjʊə(ɹ)li/ more prematurely most prematurely adv
przedwcześnie awansem
In a premature manner; too soon or too early.

premeditation premeditations n
premedytacja
The act of planning or plotting something in advance, especially a crime.

premenstrual /pɹiˈmɛnstɹ(əw)əl/ /pɹiˈmɛnztɹ(əw)əl/ /ˌpɹiːˈmɛnstɹʊl/ /ˌpɹiːˈmɛnstɹʊəl/ more premenstrual most premenstrual adj
przedmiesiączkowy
Occurring in the time period during the menstrual cycle leading up to the beginning of menstruation.

premier /pɹɪˈmɪəɹ/ /ˈpɹemjə/ /ˈpɹimjɚ/ /ˈpɹɛ.mi.ə/ /ˈpɹɛ.mi.ɛː/ /ˈpɹɛm.jə/ /ˈpɹɛm.jɛː/ adj
główny pierwszy przedni
Foremost; first or highest in quality or degree.

premier /pɹɪˈmɪəɹ/ /ˈpɹemjə/ /ˈpɹimjɚ/ /ˈpɹɛ.mi.ə/ /ˈpɹɛ.mi.ɛː/ /ˈpɹɛm.jə/ /ˈpɹɛm.jɛː/ premiers n
premier
(politics, non-Westminster) The government leader in a legislative congress or leader of a government-level administrative body; the head of government.

premiere /-ˈmiɚ/ /pɹəˈmɪɚ/ /pɹɪ-/ /ˈpɹɛmjɛə/ premieres n
premiera
The first showing of a film, play or other form of entertainment, often held as a special event with celebrity guests.

premise /ˈpɹɛm.ɪs/ premises n
przesłanka
A proposition antecedently supposed or proved; something previously stated or assumed as the basis of further argument; a condition; a supposition.
(usually, in the plural, legal) Matters previously stated or set forth; especially, that part in the beginning of a deed, the office of which is to express the grantor and grantee, and the land or thing granted or conveyed, and all that precedes the habendum; the thing demised or granted.
nieruchomość parcela
(usually, in the plural) A piece of real estate; a building and its adjuncts.

premium /ˈpɹiː.miː.əm/ premia premiums n
nagroda
A prize or award.
premia
A bonus paid in addition to normal payments.
składka
(insurance) The amount to be paid for an insurance policy.

premolar premolars n
przedtrzonowiec
A tooth situated in front of the molar teeth; especially a tooth in humans with two cusps which is between the canines and the molars (Latin: singular dens premolaris, plural dentes premolares)

premonition /ˌpriːməˈnɪʃən/ /ˌprɛ-/ premonitions n
przeczucie
A strong intuition that something is about to happen (usually something negative, but not exclusively).

prenatal adj
prenatalny przedporodowy przedurodzeniowy
Being or happening before birth.

prenuptial agreement prenuptial agreements n
intercyza
A legal document, signed by both parties before marriage, stating the legal claims on each other's estate upon a subsequent divorce.

preoccupied more preoccupied most preoccupied adj
zafrapowany zamyślony zaniepokojony zatroskany zmartwiony
Concerned with something else; distracted; giving one's attention elsewhere. [from 19th c.]

preorder preorders n
praporządek
(set theory, order theory) A binary relation that is reflexive and transitive.

preorder v
preorderować
(transitive) To order (goods or services) in advance, before they are available.

prepaid /pɹiːˈpeɪd/ adj
przedpłacony
paid for in advance

preparation /pɹɛpəˈɹeɪʃən/ preparations n
przygotowanie
(uncountable) The act of preparing or getting ready.
preparat
A substance, especially a remedy, that is prepared.

preparatory /-ˈpæɹ-/ /-ˈpɛəɹ-/ /-ˈpɛɹ-/ /ˈpɹɛp(ə)ɹət(ə)ɹi/ /ˈpɹɛp(ə)ɹətɔɹi/ adj
przygotowawczy
Of or pertaining to preparation, having the purpose of making something or someone ready, preparative.

prepare /pɹəˈpɛ(ə)ɹ/ /pɹɪˈpɛ(ə)ɹ/ /pɹɪˈpɛə/ /pɹɪˈpɛː/ v
przygotować przygotowywać
(transitive) To make ready for a specific future purpose; to set up; to assemble or equip.
(intransitive) To make oneself ready; to get ready, make preparation.

prepare the ground v
szykować

prepayment prepayments n
przedpłata
A payment in advance.

preponderance /pɹəˈpɑndəɹəns/ /pɹəˈpɑndɹəns/ /pɹɪˈpɒndəɹəns/ /pɹɪˈpɒndɹəns/ preponderances n
przewaga
Superiority of influence, power, a quality, etc.; an outweighing, predominance, pre-eminence.

prepone v
przesunąć na wcześniejszy termin przyspieszyć

preposition /ˌpɹɛpəˈzɪʃən/ prepositions n
przyimek
(grammar, strict sense) Any of a class of non-inflecting words typically employed to connect a following noun or a pronoun, in an adjectival or adverbial sense, with some other word: a particle used with a noun or pronoun (in English always in the objective case) to make a phrase limiting some other word.

prepositional article prepositional articles n
przyimek ściągnięty
(grammar) In some languages, such as French, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish, a contraction of a preposition and an article, e.g. au in French (a contraction of à and le).

prepositional phrase prepositional phrases n
wyrażenie przyimkowe
(grammar) A phrase containing both a preposition and its object or complement; may be used as an adjunct or a modifier.

preposterous /pɹə-/ /pɹəˈpɑstəɹəs/ /pɹəˈpɑstɹəs/ /pɹɪˈpɒstəɹəs/ /pɹɪˈpɒstɹəs/ more preposterous most preposterous adj
niedorzeczny
Absurd, or contrary to common sense.

prequel /ˈpɹiːkwəl/ prequels n
prequel
(narratology) In a series of works, an installment that is set chronologically before its predecessor, especially the original narrative or (perhaps improper usage) any narrative work with at least one sequel.

prerequisite /pɹiˈɹɛkwəzət/ /pɹiˈɹɛkwɪzɪt/ /pɹiːˈɹɛkwɪzɪt/ prerequisites n
warunek wstępny
In education, a course or topic that must be completed before another course or topic can be started. May be colloquially referred to as a prereq.

prerevolutionary adj
przedrewolucyjny
Occurring before a revolution.

prerogative /pəˈɹɑ.ɡə.tɪv/ /pɹəˈɹɑɡ.ə.tɪv/ /pɹɪˈɹɒɡ.ə.tɪv/ prerogatives n
przywilej prerogatywa przesłanka
An exclusive hereditary or official right or privilege.

presbyopia presbyopias n
starczowzroczność
(pathology) Inability of the eye, due to ageing, to focus on nearby objects.

presbyter /ˈpɹɛsbɪtɚ/ /ˈpɹɛzbɪtə/ /ˈpɹɛzbɪtɚ/ presbyters n
prezbiter kapłan
An elder, priest, pastor, or minister in various Christian churches.

presbytery /ˈpɹɛz.bɪ.tɛɹ.i/ presbyteries n
prezbiterium
A body of elders in the early Christian church.
Presbyters collectively; the body of presbyters of a congregation.

preschool adj
przedszkolny
Of or relating to the years of early childhood before attendance at primary school.

prescind v
abstrahować
(intransitive, with from) To abstract (from); to dismiss from consideration.

prescribe /pɹəˈskɹaɪb/ /pɹɪˈskɹaɪb/ /ˌpɹiːˈskɹaɪb/ v
ordynować przepisywać wydać receptę na (lek)
(medicine) To order (a drug or medical device) for use by a particular patient (under licensed authority).
nakazywać dyktować ordynować ustanawiać zarządzać
To specify by writing as a required procedure or ritual; to lay down authoritatively as a guide, direction, or rule of action.

prescription /pɝˈskɹɪpʃən/ /pɹəˈskɹɪpʃən/ prescriptions n
recepta
(medicine, pharmacy, pharmacology) A written order from an authorized medical practitioner for provision of a medicine or other treatment, such as (ophthalmology) the specific lenses needed for a pair of glasses.
przedawnienie przepis recepta
(figurative) Any plan of treatment or handling; the treatment or handling thus provided.
normotwórstwo rozporządzanie rozporządzenie
(legal) Synonym of enactment, the act of establishing a law, regulation, etc., particularly in writing; an instance of this.
kodyfikacja normatywna kodyfikacja preskryptywna preskrypcja
(linguistics) The act of establishing or formalizing ideal norms for language use, as opposed to describing the actual norms of such use; an instance of this.

prescriptive /pɹɪˈskɹɪptɪv/ more prescriptive most prescriptive adj
dyrektywalny preskryptywny
Of or pertaining to prescribing or enjoining, especially an action or behavior based on a norm or standard.

prescriptivism /pɹəˈskɹɪp.tɪ.vɪzm̩/ /pɹəˈskɹɪp.tɪv.ɪzm̩/ prescriptivisms n
normatywizm preskryptywizm
(linguistics) The practice of prescribing idealistic norms, as opposed to describing realistic forms, of linguistic usage.

prescriptivist more prescriptivist most prescriptivist adj
preskryptywistyczny

prescriptivist prescriptivists n
preskryptywista

presence /ˈpɹɛz(ə)ns/ /ˈpɹɛzn̩s/ presences n
obecność
The fact or condition of being present, or of being within sight or call, or at hand.

present /pɹiˈzɛnt/ /pɹəˈzɛnt/ /pɹɪˈzɛnt/ /ˈpɹɛzənt/ more present most present adj
obecny
Relating to now, for the time being; current.
Located in the immediate vicinity.
Relating to something a person is referring to in the very context, with a deictic use similar to the demonstrative adjective this.

present /pɹiˈzɛnt/ /pɹəˈzɛnt/ /pɹɪˈzɛnt/ /ˈpɹɛzənt/ presents n
teraźniejszość
The current moment or period of time.

present /pɹiˈzɛnt/ /pɹəˈzɛnt/ /pɹɪˈzɛnt/ /ˈpɹɛzənt/ v
przedstawiać prezentować
To bring (someone) into the presence of (a person); to introduce formally. [from 14th c.]
wręczać
(transitive) To give (a gift or presentation) to someone; to bestow. [from 14th c.]

present conditional present conditionals n
teraźniejszy przypuszczający

present continuous n
czas teraźniejszy ciągły
(grammar) A tense that describes an ongoing action in the present. In English it is formed by use of a form of be with a present participle.

present perfect continuous n
czas teraźniejszy dokonany ciągły
(grammar) A tense that expresses an unbroken action continuing at the present time, started in the past. In English it is formed by using have been with a present participle.

present tense present tenses n
czas teraźniejszy
(grammar) A grammatical tense whose principal function is to locate a situation or event in the present time.

presentation /pɹisɛnˈteɪʃən/ /ˌpɹizənˈteɪʃən/ /ˌpɹɛzənˈteɪʃən/ presentations n
prezentacja
The act of presenting, or something presented.

presenter /pɹɪˈzɛntə(ɹ)/ presenters n
prezenter prezenterka prowadząca prowadzący
(radio, television) Someone who presents a broadcast programme; a compere or master of ceremonies.
prezenter prezenterka
Someone who presents a thing or person to someone else.

presentiment /prɪˈzɛn.tɪ.mənt/ presentiments n
przeczucie
A premonition; a feeling that something, often of undesirable nature, is going to happen.

presently /ˈpɹɛzəntli/ more presently most presently adv
niebawem
Before long; soon. [from 15thc.]

preservative /prɪˈzəːvətɪv/ adj
zapobiegawczy
Tending to preserve.

preservative /prɪˈzəːvətɪv/ preservatives n
konserwant środek konserwujący
(countable) Any agent, natural or artificial that acts to preserve, especially when added to food.

preserve /pɹəˈzɜːv/ /pɹəˈzɝv/ preserves n
przetwór
A sweet spread made of any of a variety of fruits.
rezerwat
A reservation, a nature preserve.
domena
An activity with restricted access.

preserve /pɹəˈzɜːv/ /pɹəˈzɝv/ v
zachować
To protect; to keep from harm or injury.

preside /pɹɪˈzaɪd/ v
prezydować przewodniczyć
(intransitive) To act as president or chairperson.

presidency /ˈpɹɛzɪdənsi/ presidencies n
prezydentura
The office or role of president.
prezydentura przewodnictwo
The time during which one is president; a president's term of office.

president /ˈpɹɛzɪdənt/ presidentess presidents n
prezydent prezydentka
The head of state of a republic.
przewodniczący dyrektor prezes rektor
Primary leader of a corporation. Not to be confused with CEO, which is a related but separate position that is sometimes held by a different person.

presidential /pɹɛzɪˈdɛnʃ(ə)l/ more presidential most presidential adj
prezydencki
Pertaining to a president or presidency. [from 17th c.]

presidium /pɹɪˈsɪdi.əm/ presidia presidiums n
prezydium
Such an executive committee headed by the President of the Supreme Soviet.

press /pɹɛs/ presses n
prasa
(countable) A device used to apply pressure to an item.
(uncountable, collective) The print-based media (both the people and the newspapers).
prasa drukarska
(countable) A printing machine.

press /pɹɛs/ v
dociskać docisnąć przyciskać przycisnąć
(ambitransitive) To exert weight or force against, to act upon with force or weight; to exert pressure upon.
(transitive) To force to a certain end or result; to urge strongly.
prasować uprasować
(transitive, sewing) To flatten a selected area of fabric using an iron with an up-and-down, not sliding, motion, so as to avoid disturbing adjacent areas.

press charges v
wnieść oskarżenie
To formally accuse a person of a crime, especially by an ordinary person.

press conference press conferences n
konferencja prasowa
A question-and-answer session with members of television, print and other media.

press release press releases n
notatka prasowa
An official written statement that is sent to the media so that it can be publicized.

pressoreceptor pressoreceptors n
presoreceptor

presstitute presstitutes n
dziennikurwa presstytutka
(derogatory, sometimes, attributive) A person or media entity that misleadingly tailors news to fit a particular partisan agenda.

pressure /ˈpɹɛʃə(ɹ)/ [ˈpɹɛʃ.ə(ɹ)] [ˈpɹɛʃ.ɚ] pressures n
nacisk napór ucisk
A pressing; a force applied to a surface.
nacisk presja przymus
A contrasting force or impulse of any kind
nacisk ciśnienie
Distress.
ciśnienie
(physics) The amount of force that is applied over a given area divided by the size of this area; force per unit area.

pressure cooker pressure cookers n
szybkowar
(cookware) A sealed cooking vessel that allows cooking in greater than atmospheric pressure and at a temperature above the boiling point of water.

pressure gauge pressure gauges n
ciśnieniomierz
An apparatus used to measure pressure in a tyre, pressurised tank, boiler etc.

pressure point pressure points n
punkt nacisku
(martial arts) A specific small area of the body targeted, due to a cluster of nerves being close to the skin, usually not protected by bone.
(therapy) A specific small area of the body sensitive to and suitable for therapeutic pressure.

prestidigitator prestidigitators n
prestidigitator
One who performs feats of prestidigitation; a sleight-of-hand artist.

prestige /pɹəsˈtiːd͡ʒ/ /pɹəsˈtiːʒ/ /pɹɛsˈtiːd͡ʒ/ /pɹɛsˈtiːʒ/ /ˈpɹɛs.tɪd͡ʒ/ prestiges n
prestiż
The quality of how good the reputation of something or someone is, how favourably something or someone is regarded.

prestigious /pɹə-/ /pɹɛˈstid͡ʒəs/ /pɹɛˈstɪd͡ʒəs/ more prestigious most prestigious adj
prestiżowy
Of high prestige.

presumably /pɹɪˈzjuːməbli/ /pɹɪˈzuːməbli/ /pɹɪˈʒuːməbli/ more presumably most presumably adv
przypuszczalnie
able to be sensibly presumed

presume /pɹiˈz(j)um/ /pɹɘˈzjʉːm/ /pɹɘˈʒʉːm/ /pɹəˈz(j)um/ /pɹɪˈzjuːm/ /pɹɪˈzjʉːm/ /pɹɪˈʒʉːm/ v
przypuszczać
(transitive) To assume or suggest to be true (without proof); to take for granted, to suppose. [from 14th c.]

presumed more presumed most presumed adj
domniemany przypuszczalny
Appearing to be the most probable, often with some preparations starting to be made for it.

presumption of innocence presumptions of innocence n
domniemanie niewinności
(legal) The precept that someone will not be convicted of a crime unless (the judge, prosecutor, officer) proves guilt beyond a reasonable doubt and is non-liquet, with there being no present burden of proof duty subjected on the accused to prove innocence.

presumptuous /pɹiˈzʌmpt͡ʃuəs/ /pɹəˈzʌmp.tjuː.əs/ /pɹəˈzʌmp.tʃuː.əs/ /pɹəˈzʌmp.ʃəs/ /pɹəˈzʌmpt͡ʃuəs/ more presumptuous most presumptuous adj
zarozumiały bezczelny
Making unwarranted presumptions or assumptions, often out of arrogance or excessive self-confidence, and thus exceeding what is appropriate or right.

presuppose /ˌpɹiːsəˈpəʊz/ v
antycypować
To assume some truth without proof, usually for the purpose of reaching a conclusion based on that truth.

presupposition /pɹiː.sʌ.pəˈzɪ.ʃ(ə)n/ presuppositions n
antycypacja
An assumption made beforehand; a preliminary conjecture or speculation.

pretend /pɹiˈtɛnd/ /pɹəˈtɛnd/ /pɹɪˈtɛnd/ adj
na niby
Not really what it is represented as being; imaginary, feigned.

pretend /pɹiˈtɛnd/ /pɹəˈtɛnd/ /pɹɪˈtɛnd/ v
udawać
(transitive, obsolete) To intend; to design, to plot; to attempt.

pretender /pɹɪˈtɛndəɹ/ pretenders n
pretendent
A claimant to a throne or the office of a ruler; originally in a neutral sense, but now always applied to a claimant who is held to have no just title.

pretentious /pɹɪˈtɛnʃəs/ more pretentious most pretentious adj
pretensjonalny
Marked by an unwarranted claim to importance or distinction.

preterite /ˈpɹɛtəɹət/ /ˈpɹɛtəɹɪt/ adj
przeszły
(grammar, of a tense) Showing an action at a determined moment in the past.

preterite /ˈpɹɛtəɹət/ /ˈpɹɛtəɹɪt/ preterites n
czas przeszły
(grammar) A grammatical tense or verb form serving to denote events that took place or were completed in the past.

pretext /ˈpɹiːtɛkst/ pretexts n
wymówka pretekst
A false, contrived, or assumed purpose or reason; a pretense.

prettily more prettily most prettily adv
ładnie
In a pretty manner.

pretty /ˈpɔɪti/ /ˈpɝti/ /ˈpɹɪti/ /ˈpɹʊti/ [ˈpɹɪɾi] prettier prettiest adj
ładny
Pleasant to the sight or other senses; attractive, especially of women or children. [from 15th c.]

pretty /ˈpɔɪti/ /ˈpɝti/ /ˈpɹɪti/ /ˈpɹʊti/ [ˈpɹɪɾi] adv
całkiem
Somewhat, fairly, quite; sometimes also (by meiosis) very.

pretzel /ˈpɹɛt.səl/ [ˈpʰɹɛʔt͡sɫ̩] pretzels n
precel
(culinary) A toasted bread or cracker usually in the shape of a loose knot.

prevent /pɹəˈvɛnt/ /pɹɪˈvɛnt/ v
zapobiegać zapobiec
(transitive) To stop (an outcome); to keep from (doing something). [from 16th c.]

prevention /pɹɪˈvɛnʃən/ preventions n
prewencja zapobieganie
The act of preventing or hindering; obstruction of action, access, or approach; thwarting.

prevention is better than cure proverb
lepiej zapobiegać niż leczyć
It is better to prevent the creation of a problem than to have to deal with it afterwards.

preventive /pɹɪˈvɛntɪv/ more preventive most preventive adj
zapobiegawczy
Slowing the development of an illness; prophylactic.

preview /ˈpɹiːvjuː/ previews n
prapremiera
(colloquial) An advance showing of a film, exhibition etc.
podgląd
Something seen in advance.
przedsmak
(computing) a facility for seeing and checking a document or photo, or changes to it, before saving and/or printing it.

previous /ˈpɹi.vi.əs/ /ˈpɹiː.vɪəs/ more previous most previous adj
poprzedni ubiegły
(not comparable) Prior; occurring before something else, either in time or order.
przedwczesny
(informal) Premature; acting or occurring too soon.

previously /ˈpɹivi.əsli/ /ˈpɹiːvi.əsli/ adv
poprzednio
(with past-tense constructions) At an earlier time.

prey /pɹeɪ/ preys n
zdobycz pastwa żer
That which is or may be seized by animals to be devoured.
zdobycz
(archaic) Anything, such as goods, etc., taken or got by violence; something taken by force from an enemy in war.

prey on v
żerować
(transitive, figurative) To exploit or victimize.

priapism /ˈpraɪ.əˌpɪ.zəm/ priapisms n
priapizm ciągotka
(pathology) A potentially painful or harmful medical condition in which the erect penis (erection) does not return to its flaccid state (despite the absence of both physical and psychological stimulation), often as a result of a spinal injury.

price /pɹaɪs/ /pɹʌɪs/ prices n
cena
The cost required to gain possession of something.
The cost of an action or deed.

price /pɹaɪs/ /pɹʌɪs/ v
wycenić
(transitive) To determine the monetary value of (an item); to put a price on.
(transitive, obsolete) To set a price on; to value; to prize.

price floor price floors n
cena minimalna
(business) An imposed lower limit on the price charged for goods or services.

price list price lists n
cennik
(business) A list of items for sale with their prices.

price tag price tags n
etykieta metka
The tag or sticker attached to a product, displaying its price.

priceless /-ləs/ /ˈpɹaɪslɪs/ more priceless most priceless adj
bezcenny
So precious as not to be obtainable or sold at any price; invaluable. [from 1590s]

pricelessly more pricelessly most pricelessly adv
bezcennie

pricelessness n
bezcenność

pricey /ˈpɹaɪsi/ more pricey most pricey pricier priciest adj
arcykosztowny
(informal) Expensive, dear.

prick /pɹɪk/ [pʰɹ̠̊ɪk] pricks n
chuj
(obsolete) A tiny particle; a small amount of something; a jot. [10th–18th c.]
ukłucie
The experience or feeling of being pierced or punctured by a small, sharp object. [from 13th c.]

prick up one's ears v
nadstawiać ucha nadstawić ucha
To listen attentively.

prickle /pɹɪkəl/ prickles n
kolec
A small, sharp pointed object, such as a thorn.

prickly pear /ˌpɹɪkli ˈpɛː/ prickly pears n
opuncja
Any of various spiny cacti of the genus Opuntia.
The fruit, often edible, of such a plant.

pride /pɹaɪd/ [ˈpɹ̥ʷaɪd] prides n
pycha zarozumiałość duma
The quality or state of being proud; an unreasonable overestimation of one's own superiority in terms of talents, looks, wealth, importance etc., which comes across as being lofty, distant, and often showing contempt of others.
duma
(having a positive sense, often with of or in) A sense of one's own worth, and scorn for what is beneath or unworthy of oneself.
Proud or disdainful behavior or treatment; insolence or arrogance of demeanor; haughty bearing and conduct; insolent exultation.
That of which one is proud; that which excites boasting or self-congratulation; the occasion or ground of self-esteem, or of arrogant and presumptuous confidence, as beauty, ornament, noble character, children, etc.
Consciousness of power; fullness of animal spirits; mettle; wantonness.
stado
(zoology, collective) A company of lions or other large felines.

pride comes before a fall proverb
pycha kroczy przed upadkiem pycha poprzedza upadek pycha przed upadkiem chodzi
A person who is excessively proud will often suffer a setback or failure.

prie-dieu /pɹiːˈdjəː/ prie-dieus prie-dieux n
klęcznik
A piece of furniture on which someone can pray, consisting of a cushioned area to kneel on, with a built-in ledge for books. [from 17th c.]

priest /ˈpɹiːst/ [ˈpɹ̥iːst] priestess priests n
ksiądz kapłan duchowny klecha prezbiter
A religious clergyman (clergywoman, clergyperson) who is trained to perform services or sacrifices at a church or temple.

priestess /priːˈstɛs/ /ˈpristɪs/ /ˈpriːstɛs/ priest priestesses n
kapłanka
A woman with religious duties and responsibilities in certain non-Christian religions.
popadia
(colloquial, obsolete) A priest’s wife.

priesthood /ˈpɹiːstˌhʊd/ priesthoods n
kapłaństwo
The role or office of a priest.
duchowieństwo
Priests as a group; the clergy.

prim /pɹɪm/ [pʰɹ̠̊ɪm] primmer primmest adj
pedantyczny
prudish, straight-laced

prima ballerina prima ballerinas n
primabalerina
The leading ballerina in a dance company.

prima donna /ˌpɹiːməˈdɒnə/ prima donnas primae donnae prime donne n
primadonna
(opera) The principal female singer or the leading lady.

primacy effect primacy effects n
efekt pierwszeństwa
The increased ability to remember the first items in a list

primality primalities n
bycie liczbą pierwszą
(mathematics) The condition of being a prime number

primary /ˈpɹaɪm(ə)ɹiː/ /ˈpɹaɪməɹi/ /ˈpɹaɪˌmɛɹi/ more primary most primary adj
pierwszy
First or earliest in a group or series.
główny podstawowy
Main; principal; chief; placed ahead of others.

primary /ˈpɹaɪm(ə)ɹiː/ /ˈpɹaɪməɹi/ /ˈpɹaɪˌmɛɹi/ primaries n
prawybory
(political science) A primary election; a preliminary election to select a political candidate of a political party.

primary education n
wykształcenie podstawowe
The basic schooling given to children up to the age of puberty, including reading, writing, and basic mathematics.

primary election primary elections n
prawybory
(politics) A preliminary election to select a political candidate of a political party.

primary school primary schools n
szkoła podstawowa podstawówka
(British, Australian, schools) A formal, obligatory kind of school that typically begins with nursery school or first grade and ends at fifth or sixth grade.

primary source primary sources n
źródło pierwotne
(scholarly studies) An original work, especially one by a notable author whose work is now the subject of commentaries (secondary sources).
(historiography) A historical object, especially a written document, that was created at or near the time of the events studied.

primate /ˈpɹaɪmeɪt/ primates n
naczelny
(zoology) A mammal of the order Primates, including simians and prosimians.
prymas
(ecclesiastical) In the Catholic Church, a rare title conferred to or claimed by the sees of certain archbishops, or the highest-ranking bishop of a present or historical, usually political circumscription.
(ecclesiastical) In the Anglican Church, an archbishop, or the highest-ranking bishop of an ecclesiastic province.

primatologist primatologists n
prymatolog
A scientist whose speciality is primatology

primatology n
prymatologia
(biology) The scientific study of primates; a sub-discipline of zoology

prime /pɹaɪ̯m/ primer primest adj
pierwszy
First in importance, degree, or rank.
First in time, order, or sequence.
First in excellence, quality, or value.
pierwsza
(mathematics, lay) Having exactly two integral factors: itself and unity (1 in the case of integers).

prime factor prime factors n
czynnik pierwszy
(number theory) A factor of a given integer which is also a prime number.

prime factor v
rozkładać na czynniki pierwsze rozłożyć na czynniki pierwsze

prime factorization prime factorizations n
rozkład na czynniki pierwsze
(mathematics) The factorization of a positive integer into its constituent prime numbers.

prime minister /ˌpɹaɪm ˈmɪnɪstə(ɹ)/ prime ministers n
premier
The chief member of the cabinet and head of the government, especially in a parliamentary democracy; often the leader of the majority party.

prime mover prime movers n
pierwszy poruszyciel
(philosophy) The initial agent that is the cause of all things.

prime number prime numbers n
liczba pierwsza
(number theory) Any natural number greater than 1 that cannot be formed by multiplying two smaller natural numbers.

prime of life n
siła wieku
(idiomatic) The period of one's mature life when one is at a peak of health and performance.

prime time n
prime time
(television, radio) The block of programming on television during the middle of the evening, usually between 7:00 pm and 11:00 pm.

primer /ˈpɹaɪ.mə(ɹ)/ /ˈpɹaɪmɚ/ /ˈpɹɪ.mɚ/ primers n
elementarz abecadło
A children's book intended to teach literacy: how to read, write, and spell.
elementarz
An introductory text on any subject, particularly basic concepts.

primeval /ˌpɹaɪˈmi.vəl/ more primeval most primeval adj
pradawny pradziejowy prastary przedwieczny
Belonging to the first ages.
pierwotny
Primary; original.
prymitywny
Primitive.

primeval forest primeval forests n
puszcza
A forest unaffected by humans, typically containing large live trees, large dead trees, and large logs.

primitive /ˈpɹɪmɪtɪv/ more primitive most primitive adj
prymitywny
Of or pertaining to or harking back to a former time; old-fashioned; characterized by simplicity.

primitive /ˈpɹɪmɪtɪv/ primitives n
prymityw
(programming) A data type that is built into the programming language, as opposed to more complex structures.

primitivism primitivisms n
prymitywizm
Any of a group of related styles in the arts, influenced by a belief in the superiority of primitive forms.

primogeniture primogenitures n
pierworództwo primogenitura
The state of being the firstborn of the children of the same parents.
primogenitura
The principle that the eldest child, traditionally the eldest male, has an exclusive right of inheritance.

primordial /pɹaɪˈmɔɹ.di.əl/ /pɹaɪˈmɔː.di.əl/ adj
początkowy pierwotny
first, earliest or original

primordial soup primordial soups n
zupa pierwotna
(informal, evolutionary theory) The state of the Earth's oceans at a very early time in the planet's history, during the early development of multicellular organisms.

primordium primordia n
zawiązek
(anatomy) An aggregation of cells that is the first stage in the development of an organ.

primrose /ˈpɹɪm.ɹoʊz/ /ˈpɹɪm.ɹəʊz/ primroses n
pierwiosnek bezłodygowy pierwiosnka bezłodygowa
Specifically, the species Primula acaulis (syn. Primula vulgaris), also called common primrose.
pierwiosnek pierwiosnka prymula prymulka
A flowering plant of the genus Primula.
A flower of a primrose plant.
pierwiosnkowate
A plant of the family Primulaceae.

primula primulas n
prymula
(botany) Any plant of the genus Primula; the primroses.

prince /pɹɪns/ /pɹɪnts/ princes n
książę
Someone who is preeminent in their field; a great person. [from 13th c.]
A male member of a royal family other than the ruler; especially (in the United Kingdom) the son or grandson of the monarch. [from 14th c.]
książę kniaź
The (male) ruler or head of a principality. [from 14th c.]

princely /ˈpɹɪnsli/ princelier princeliest adj
książęcy
Relating to a prince; regal; royal.

princess /pɹɪnˈsɛs/ /ˈpɹɪnsɛs/ /ˈpɹɪnsɪs/ princesses n
księżniczka księżna
A female member of a royal family other than a queen, especially a daughter or granddaughter of a monarch. [from 14th c.]

principal /ˈpɹɪnsəpəl/ /ˈpɹɪnsɪpəl/ more principal most principal adj
główny podstawowy
Primary; most important; first level in importance.

principal /ˈpɹɪnsəpəl/ /ˈpɹɪnsɪpəl/ principals n
kapitał
(finance, uncountable) The money originally invested or loaned, on which basis interest and returns are calculated.
dyrektor dyrektorka
(North America, Australia, New Zealand) The chief administrator of a school.
klient mocodawca
(legal) A legal person that authorizes another (the agent) to act on their behalf; or on whose behalf an agent or gestor in a negotiorum gestio acts.

principality /pɹɪnsɪˈpælɪti/ principalities n
księstwo
(countable) A region or sovereign nation headed by a prince or princess. [from 14th c.]

principle /ˈpɹɪnsəpəl/ /ˈpɹɪnsɪpəl/ principles n
zasada reguła
A fundamental assumption or guiding belief.
A rule used to choose among solutions to a problem.
zasada
(sometimes, pluralized) Moral rule or aspect.
prawo zasada
(physics) A rule or law of nature, or the basic idea on how the laws of nature are applied.

principle of charity pn
zasada wielkoduszności
(philosophy, rhetoric) The principle according to which an argument should be evaluated in light of its best, strongest possible interpretation.

print /pɹɪnt/ prints n
odbitka
(photography) A photograph that has been printed onto paper from the negative.

print /pɹɪnt/ v
drukować
(transitive) To produce one or more copies of a text or image on a surface, especially by machine; often used with out or off: print out, print off.
pisać drukowanymi literami
(ambitransitive) To write very clearly, especially, to write without connecting the letters as in cursive.

print run print runs n
nakład

printable adj
drukowalny
Worthy or capable of being printed.

printed circuit board printed circuit boards n
obwód drukowany
(electronics) A flat board that holds chips and other electronic components in layers that interconnect via copper pathways, often called traces.

printed matter n
druki
Printed material produced by printers and publishers, including books, magazines, brochures, booklets, publicity material and newspapers, especially in relation to less expensive postage rates for such material.

printer /ˈpɹɪntə(ɹ)/ /ˈpɹɪntɚ/ [ˈpʰɹɪɾ̃ɚ] printers n
drukarz drukarka
The operator of a printing press or the owner of a printing business; (metonymy) any printing business.
drukarka
(now chiefly, _, computer hardware) A device, usually attached to a computer, used to print text or images onto paper; an analogous device capable of producing three-dimensional objects.

printing /ˈpɹɪntɪŋ/ printings n
druk drukarstwo
(uncountable) The process or business of producing printed material by means of inked type and a printing press or similar technology.

printing house printing houses n
drukarnia
An institution or commercial company chiefly devoted to printing.

printing press printing presses n
maszyna drukarska
A mechanical device used for printing text or images repeatedly.

prior /ˈpɹaɪ.ə/ /ˈpɹaɪ.ɚ/ priors n
przeor
A high-ranking member of a monastery, usually lower in rank than an abbot.

prioress prioresses n
przeorysza
A nun in charge of a priory (usually lower in rank than an abbess); mother superior.

priority /pɹaɪˈɒɹɪti/ /pɹaɪˈɔɹɪti/ priorities n
priorytet pierwszeństwo
An item's relative importance.
priorytet
A goal of a person or an organisation.

priority road priority roads n
droga z pierwszeństwem

priory /ˈpɹaɪ.əɹ.i/ /ˈpɹaɪəɹ.i/ priories n
klasztor
A monastery or convent governed by a prior or prioress.

prism /ˈpɹɪz(ə)m/ [ˈpʰɹ̠̊ɪzm̩] prisms n
graniastosłup
(geometry) A polyhedron with parallel ends of the same size and shape, the other faces being parallelogram-shaped sides.
pryzmat
A transparent block in the shape of a prism (typically with triangular ends), used to split or reflect light.

prismatic /pɹɪzˈmætɪk/ more prismatic most prismatic adj
pryzmatyczny
Of or pertaining to a prism; having the form of a prism; containing one or more prisms.

prismatoid prismatoids n
pryzmatoid
(mathematics) Any polyhedron whose vertices all lie in either of two parallel planes

prison /ˈpɹɪzən/ [pʰɹ̠̊ɪzn̩] prisons n
więzienie pierdel
A place or institution where people are held against their will, in the US especially for long-term confinement, as of those convicted of serious crimes or otherwise considered undesirable by the government.
więzienie
(uncountable) Confinement in prison.

prison camp prison camps n
obóz jeniecki
A camp in which either prisoners of war or political prisoners are interned.

prison cell prison cells n
cela
The room to which a prisoner is confined in a prison.

prison guard prison guards n
strażnik więzienny
(law enforcement) An armed person working to provide order, security, discipline, punishment, and prevent escapes of prisoners in a jail that answers to a warden.

prisoner /ˈpɹɪznə/ /ˈpɹɪzənə/ /ˈpɹɪzənɚ/ prisoners n
więzień więźniarka
A person incarcerated in a prison, while on trial or serving a sentence.
jeniec więzień
Any person held against their will.

prisoner of conscience prisoners of conscience n
więzień polityczny więzień sumienia
Anyone imprisoned because of his race, religion, or political views.

prisoner of war /ˈpɹɪz.(ə).nə əv ˈwɔː/ /ˈpɹɪz.(ə).nɚ əv ˈwoɹ/ prisoners of war n
jeniec wojenny
A combatant or soldier who is captured by an enemy power during or immediately after an armed conflict. [from early 17th c.]

pristine /pɹɪsˈtaɪn/ /pɹɪsˈtiːn/ /ˈpɹɪstiːn/ more pristine most pristine adj
dziewiczy, nietknięty nieskażony
Unspoiled; still with its original purity; uncorrupted or unsullied.
pierwotny
Primitive, pertaining to the earliest state of something.

privacy /ˈpɹaɪ.və.si/ /ˈpɹɪv.ə.si/ privacies n
prywatność
(uncountable) The state of being secluded from the presence, sight, or knowledge of others.
(uncountable) Freedom from unwanted or undue disturbance of one's private life.

private /ˈpɹaɪ.vət/ /ˈpɹaɪ.vɪt/ more private most private adj
prywatny osobisty
Belonging or pertaining to an individual person, group of people, or entity that is not the state.
prywatny niejawny poufny
Protected from view or disturbance by others; secluded; not publicly accessible.

private /ˈpɹaɪ.vət/ /ˈpɹaɪ.vɪt/ privates n
szeregowiec szeregowy
A soldier of the lowest rank in the army.

private detective private detectives n
prywatny detektyw
Any agent hired by a private party for the purpose of investigation or evidence gathering.

private international law n
prawo prywatne międzynarodowe
The law of a state that decides the law of which state is applied to legal relationships in civil and commercial matters that contain foreign elements.

private law n
prawo prywatneo prawo prywatne
(legal) The area of law pertaining to the relationships between private persons (natural or legal persons including corporations), as opposed to relations between the state and private persons.

private life private lives n
życie osobiste życie prywatne
The aspects of one's life that are personal, such as family, friends and other personal relationships, as opposed to the elements that make up one's public or professional life.

private message private messages n
priv wiadomość prywatna
(Internet) A message sent to another user of a social media or chat platform through a private channel as opposed to a publicly accessible area or chatroom.

private property private properties n
własność prywatna
(law, property law) Property to which individuals or corporations have certain exclusive property rights, but do not necessarily possess.

private sector private sectors n
sektor prywatny
(business) All organizations in an economy or jurisdiction that are not controlled by government, including privately owned businesses and not-for-profit organizations.

privatization privatizations n
prywatyzacja
The transfer of a company or organization from government to private ownership and control.

privatize /ˈpɹaɪvətaɪz/ v
prywatyzować
(economics) To release government control (of a business or industry) to private industry.

privet /ˈpɹɪv.ɪt/ privets n
ligustr
Any of various shrubs and small trees in the genus Ligustrum.

privilege /ˈpɹɪv(ɪ)lɪd͡ʒ/ privileges n
przywilej
(countable) A particular benefit, advantage, or favor; a right or immunity enjoyed by some but not others; a prerogative, preferential treatment. [from 10th c.]

privileged /ˈpɹɪv(ɪ)lɪdʒd/ more privileged most privileged adj
elitarny uprzywilejowany wyróżniony
Having special privileges.

prize /pɹaɪz/ prizes n
nagroda
An honour or reward striven for in a competitive contest; anything offered to be competed for, or as an inducement to, or reward of, effort.
That which may be won by chance, as in a lottery.

prizewinner prizewinners n
laureat laureatka
A person or thing that wins a prize.

pro /pɹoʊ/ /pɹəʊ/ pros n
za
An advantage of something, especially when contrasted with its disadvantages (cons).

pro /pɹoʊ/ /pɹəʊ/ preposition
za
In favor of.

pro forma adj
pro forma
Occurring, undertaken, or performed as a perfunctory matter, in the interest of form, or for the sake of formality.

pro tem /pɹəʊˈtɛm/ adv
ad hoc doraźnie
(chiefly, US) temporarily; for the time being

pro- /pɹoʊ/ /pɹəʊ/ prefix
pro-
agreeing with; supporting; favouring
przed-
earlier; prior
rudimentary
in front of

pro-American adj
proamerykański
supporting the United States

pro-European more pro-European most pro-European adj
proeuropejski
Supporting the idea of European integration.

pro-Russian adj
prorosyjski
Supportive of Russia or Russians. (This entry is a translation hub.)

pro-US more pro-US most pro-US adj
proamerykański

pro-abortionist pro-abortionists n
aborcjonista aborcjonistka
One who supports the practice or legality of abortion.

pro-choice adj
pro-choice
Supportive in general of a person's right to choose; supportive of self-determination, bodily integrity, and individual sovereignty.

pro-choicer pro-choicers n
aborcjonista aborcjonistka
A person with pro-choice views, or who advocates such policies.

pro-life more pro-life most pro-life adj
pro-life
(chiefly, _, US) Opposed to the practice or legalization of abortion.

pro-lifer pro-lifers n
antyaborcjonista zygotarianin
A person with pro-life views, or who advocates such policies

probability /ˌpɹɑbəˈbɪləti/ /ˌpɹɑbəˈbɪlɪti/ /ˌpɹɒbəˈbɪlɪti/ [ˌpɹɑbəˈbɪləɾi] [ˌpɹɑbəˈbɪlɪɾi] probabilities n
prawdopodobieństwo
(mathematics) A number, between 0 and 1, expressing the precise likelihood of an event happening.

probability measure probability measures n
miara probabilistyczna
(mathematics) A mathematical measure on a probability space that can take on values between 0 and 1, with 0 corresponding to the empty set and 1 to the entire space.

probability space probability spaces n
przestrzeń probabilistyczna
(mathematics) A measurable space having a unit measure

probability theory n
rachunek prawdopodobieństwa
(mathematics) The mathematical study of probability (the likelihood of occurrence of random events in order to predict the behavior of defined systems).

probable /ˈpɹɑbəbl̩/ /ˈpɹɒbəbl̩/ more probable most probable adj
prawdopodobny
Likely or most likely to be true.

probably /ˈpɹɑbli/ /ˈpɹɑbəbli/ /ˈpɹɑəbli/ /ˈpɹɒbli/ /ˈpɹɒbəbli/ more probably most probably adv
prawdopodobnie chyba przypuszczalnie
In all likelihood.

probation /ˌpɹoʊˈbeɪʃən/ probations n
okres próbny staż
A period of time when a person occupies a position only conditionally and may be removed if certain conditions are not met

probation officer probation officers n
kurator sądowy
A law enforcement officer who supervises offenders who have been released from incarceration and, often, recommends sentencing in courts of law.

probe /pɹoʊb/ /pɹəʊb/ probes n
sonda
(surgery) Any of various medical instruments used to explore wounds, organs, etc. [from 15th c.]

probe /pɹoʊb/ /pɹəʊb/ v
badać dociec dociekać wnikać wniknąć zbadać
(ambitransitive) To explore, investigate, or question

probiotic more probiotic most probiotic adj
probiotyczny
Describing any dietary supplement that contains live bacteria for therapeutic purposes.

probiotic probiotics n
probiotyk
(bacteriology) A food or dietary supplement, such as a yogurt, containing live bacteria for therapeutic reasons.

probity /ˈpɹoʊbəti/ /ˈpɹəʊbɪti/ [-ɾi] probities n
uczciwość
Integrity, especially of the quality of having strong moral principles; decency and honesty.

problem /ˈpɹɑbləm/ /ˈpɹɒbləm/ /ˈpɹɒblɪm/ problems n
problem kłopot
A difficulty that has to be resolved or dealt with.
Difficulty in accepting or understanding or refusal to accept or understand.
zadanie problem
A question to be answered, schoolwork exercise.

problematic /ˌpɹɑbləˈmætɪk/ /ˌpɹɒbləˈmætɪk/ more problematic most problematic adj
problematyczny
Posing a problem; having or suffering from problem(s):

problematic /ˌpɹɑbləˈmætɪk/ /ˌpɹɒbləˈmætɪk/ problematics n
problematyka
(chiefly, in the plural) A problem or difficulty in a particular field of study.

procedural /pɹəˈsiːd͡ʒ(ə)ɹəl/ more procedural most procedural adj
proceduralny
Related to procedure.

procedural memory procedural memories n
pamięć proceduralna

procedure /pɹəˈsid͡ʒɚ/ /pɹəˈsiːd͡ʒə/ procedures n
procedura
A particular method for performing a task.
A series of small tasks or steps taken to accomplish an end.
The steps taken in an action or other legal proceeding.
(computing) A subroutine or function coded to perform a specific task, but does not return a value.

process /-əs/ /ˈpɹoʊsɛs/ /ˈpɹɑsɛs/ /ˈpɹəʊsɛs/ processes n
proces
A series of events which produce a result (the product).
(computing) An executable task or program.

process /-əs/ /ˈpɹoʊsɛs/ /ˈpɹɑsɛs/ /ˈpɹəʊsɛs/ v
przetwarzać
(transitive) To perform a particular process on a thing.
asymilować przyswajać
(transitive, figurative) To think about a piece of information, or a concept, in order to assimilate it, and perhaps accept it in a modified state.

processed cheese processed cheeses n
ser topiony
Any of several types of natural cheese that are pasteurized to lengthen storage life and combined with emulsifiers to aid smoothness. In some cases processed cheeses contain added colorings and preservatives.

processing /ˈpɹɑsɛsɪŋ/ /ˈpɹəʊsɛsɪŋ/ processings n
obróbka
The act of taking something through a set of prescribed procedures.

procession /pɹəˈsɛʃən/ processions n
procesja
The act of progressing or proceeding.
A group of people or things moving along in an orderly, stately, or solemn manner; a train of persons advancing in order; a retinue.
sekwencja
A number of things happening in sequence (in space or in time).

processor /ˈpɹɑˌsɛsɚ/ /ˈpɹəʊˌsɛsə(ɹ)/ processors n
procesor
A device which processes, which changes something (a computer processor, food processor, etc.).

processual more processual most processual adj
procesualny
Of or relating to a process, especially to the methodological study of processes in social science.

proclaim /pɹoʊˈkleɪm/ /pɹəʉˈklæɪm/ /pɹəʊˈkleɪm/ v
proklamować
To announce or declare.

proclamation /ˌpɹɑkləˈmeɪʃən/ /ˌpɹɒkləˈmeɪʃən/ proclamations n
proklamacja apel odezwa uniwersał
A statement which is proclaimed; formal public announcement.

proclitic /pɹoʊˈklɪt.ɪk/ /pɹəʉˈklɪt.ɪk/ /pɹəʊˈklɪt.ɪk/ [pɹoʊˈklɪɾ.ɪk] [pɹəʉˈklɪɾ.ɪk] proclitics n
proklityka
(linguistics) A clitic that joins with the following word phonetically, graphically, or both.

proclivity /pɹoʊˈklɪvəti/ /pɹoʊˈklɪvɪti/ proclivities n
skłonność
A predisposition or natural inclination, propensity, or a predilection; especially, a strong disposition or bent.

procrastination /-ʃn̩/ /pɹoʊˌkɹæs.tɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ /pɹəʊˌkɹæs.tɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ procrastinations n
prokrastynacja zwłoka
The act of postponing, delaying or putting off, especially habitually or intentionally.

procrastinator procrastinators procrastinatrix n
prokrastynator
One who procrastinates; one who delays working on things.

procreation procreations n
prokreacja
The sexual activity of conceiving and bearing biological offspring

procrustean bed procrustean beds n
prokrustowe łoże
An arbitrary standard, especially one that is forced upon people for the sake of conformity and involves the sacrifice of what is useful.

proctologist proctologists n
proktolog
A doctor specializing in the colon, rectum, and anus; an expert in proctology.

procuratorate /ˌpɹɒkjʊˈɹeɪtəɹɪt/ procuratorates n
prokuratura
The office of a procurator.

procure /pɹəˈkjɔː/ /pɹəˈkjɝ/ /pɹəˈkjʊə/ /pɹəˈkjʊɹ/ v
sprokurować wystarać się
stręczyć
(transitive, criminal law) To induce or persuade someone to do something.

procurement /pɹoʊˈkjʊəɹ.mənt/ /pɹəˈkjʊə.mənt/ /pɹəˈkjʊəɹ.mənt/ procurements n
zaopatrzenie
(uncountable) The purchasing department of a company.
(countable) The act of procuring or obtaining; obtainment; attainment.

prodigal /ˈpɹɑdɪɡəl/ /ˈpɹɒdɪɡəl/ [ˈpʰɹɑɾɪɡɫ̩] more prodigal most prodigal adj
marnotrawny rozrzutny
Wastefully extravagant.

prodigal son prodigal sons n
syn marnotrawny
Someone who returns home from travelling or exile or who is welcomed back after disgrace, especially having repented of former extravagant or immoral behaviour.

produce /pɹəˈdjuːs/ /pɹəˈdus/ /pɹəˈd͡ʒuːs/ /ˈpɹoʊ.dus/ /ˈpɹɑ.dus/ /ˈpɹɒdjuːs/ /ˈpɹɒd͡ʒuːs/ v
produkować wytwarzać wytworzyć
(transitive) To bring forth, to yield, make, manufacture, or otherwise generate.

producer /pɹəˈdjuːsə/ /pɹəˈduːsɚ/ /pɹəˈdʒuːsə/ producers n
producent wytwórca
(economics) An individual or organization that creates goods and services.
producent producentka wytwórca
(UK, Irish, slang) An arrest for speeding after which the driver is allowed seven (in the UK) or ten (in Ireland) days to produce his/her driving licence and related documents at a police station.

producer good producer goods n
półfabrykat półprodukt półwyrób
(economics) An item of goods, such as partly finished goods, used as an input in the production of other goods.

product /ˈpɹɑ.dəkt/ /ˈpɹɑ.dʌkt/ /ˈpɹɒd.əkt/ /ˈpɹɒd.ʌkt/ products n
iloczyn produkt
(mathematics) Any operation or a result thereof which generalises multiplication of numbers, like the multiplicative operation in a ring, product of types or a categorical product.
produkcja produkt
The amount of an artifact that has been created by someone or some process.
produkt iloczyn
(chemistry) A chemical substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction.
wynik efekt
A consequence of someone's efforts or of a particular set of circumstances.
produkt wyrób towar
(countable, uncountable) A commodity offered for sale.

product base product bases n
baza produktów

product placement product placements n
lokowanie produktu
(marketing) A form of advertising where a brand or product is incorporated into non-advertising media such as films.

production /pɹəˈdʌkʃən/ productions n
produkcja wytwarzanie
The act of producing, making or creating something. [from 15th c.]

production order production orders n
zlecenie produkcyjne

productive /pɹəˈdʌk.təv/ /pɹəˈdʌk.tɪv/ more productive most productive adj
produktywny
Yielding good or useful results; constructive.

productivity /ˌpɹoʊdʌkˈtɪvɪti/ /ˌpɹɑdʌkˈtɪvɪti/ /ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/ productivities n
produktywność
The state of being productive, fertile or efficient.
The rate at which goods or services are produced by a standard population of workers.

productless adj
bezprodukcyjny

profane /pɹəˈfeɪn/ more profane most profane profaner profanest adj
bluźnierczy
Treating sacred things with contempt, disrespect, irreverence, or scorn; blasphemous, impious.
Irreverent in language; taking the name of God in vain

profanity profanities n
przekleństwo wulgaryzm
(countable) Obscene, lewd or abusive language.

profascist more profascist most profascist adj
profaszystowski
In favour of fascism.

profession /pɹəˈfɛʃən/ professions n
zawód fach
Professional occupation.

profession of faith professions of faith n
wyznanie wiary
(religion) A creed; a (typically formulaic) statement of the beliefs of one's religion, often recited during public prayers or liturgies.

professional /pɹəˈfɛʃənəl/ more professional most professional adj
profesjonalny
Of, pertaining to, or in accordance with the (usually high) standards of a profession.
That is carried out for money, especially as a livelihood.
(by extension) Expert.

professional /pɹəˈfɛʃənəl/ professionals n
profesjonalista zawodowiec
A person who earns their living from a specified activity.
An expert.

professional secrecy n
tajemnica zawodowa

professional wrestling n
wrestling
A form of sports entertainment characterized by the performance of choreographed wrestling matches with predetermined outcomes.

professionalism /pɹəˈfɛʃənəˌlɪzəm/ professionalisms n
profesjonalizm
The status, methods, character or standards expected of a professional or of a professional organization, such as reliability, discretion, evenhandedness, and fair play.

professionally more professionally most professionally adv
profesjonalnie
In a professional manner.

professor /pɹəˈfɛsə/ /pɹəˈfɛsɚ/ professors n
profesor profesorka
(US, Philippines, informal) A teacher or faculty member at a college or university regardless of formal rank.

proficiency /pɹəˈfɪʃənsi/ proficiencies n
biegłość
Ability, skill, competence.

proficient /pɹoʊˈfɪʃ.ənt/ /pɹəˈfɪʃ.ənt/ more proficient most proficient adj
biegły
Good at something; skilled; fluent; practiced, especially in relation to a task or skill.

proficiently more proficiently most proficiently adv
biegle

profit /ˈpɹɑfɪt/ /ˈpɹɒfɪt/ profits n
profit przychód
(accounting, economics) Total income or cash flow minus expenditures. The money or other benefit a non-governmental organization or individual receives in exchange for products and services sold at an advertised price.
zysk korzyść profit
(dated, literary) Benefit, positive result obtained.

profit /ˈpɹɑfɪt/ /ˈpɹɒfɪt/ v
korzystać skorzystać
(transitive) To benefit (somebody), be of use to (somebody).
(intransitive, construed with from) To benefit, gain.
wyzyskać wyzyskiwać
(intransitive, construed with from) To take advantage of, exploit, use.

profit center profit centers n
centrum zysku

profit margin profit margins n
marża
The ratio of net income to net sales of a company expressed as a percentage.

profit motive profit motives n
nastawienie na zysk

profitability /pɹɒf.ɪ.təˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/ /ˈpɹɑ.fɪ.təˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/ profitabilities n
opłacalność rentowność
The quality or state of being profitable; capacity to make a profit.

profitable /ˈpɹɑ.fɪ.tə.bl̩/ /ˈpɹɒf.ɪ.tə.bl̩/ more profitable most profitable adj
dochodowy korzystny
Producing a profit.

profligate /ˈpɹɑːflɪɡeɪt/ /ˈpɹɑːflɪɡət/ /ˈpɹɒflɪɡeɪt/ /ˈpɹɒflɪɡət/ more profligate most profligate adj
rozrzutny
Inclined to waste resources or behave extravagantly.

profound /pɹəˈfaʊnd/ more profound most profound adj
głęboki
Intellectually deep; entering far into subjects; reaching to the bottom of a matter, or of a branch of learning; thorough

profusely /pɹəˈfjusli/ more profusely most profusely adv
bogato
In great quantity or abundance; in a profuse manner.

profusion /pɹoʊˈfjuʒən/ /pɹə(ʊ)ˈfjuːʒən/ /pɹəˈfjuʒən/ profusions n
obfitość
abundance; the state of being profuse; a cornucopia

progenitor /pɹoʊˈd͡ʒɛn.ɪ.tɚ/ /pɹəʊˈd͡ʒɛn.ɪ.tə/ /pɹəˈd͡ʒɛn.ə.tə/ /pɹəˈd͡ʒɛn.ə.tɚ/ progenitors n
przodek
A forefather, any of a person's direct ancestors.
poprzednik
(figuratively) A predecessor of something, especially if also a precursor or model.
pomysłodawca prekursor
(figuratively) Someone who originates something.

progeny /ˈpɹɑd͡ʒəni/ /ˈpɹɒd͡ʒəni/ progenies n
potomstwo progenitura
(uncountable) Offspring or descendants considered as a group.

prognosis /-səs/ /pɹɑɡˈnoʊsiz/ /pɹɑɡˈnoʊsɪs/ /pɹɒɡˈnəʊsiːz/ /pɹɒɡˈnəʊsɪs/ prognoses n
prognoza
A forecast of the future course or outcome of a situation based on what is presently known; a prediction. [from mid 17th c.]
prognoza rokowanie
(medicine) A forecast of the future course or outcome of a disease or disorder based on current medical knowledge. [from mid 17th c.]

program /ˈpɹoʊɡɹəm/ /ˈpɹoʊˌɡɹæm/ /ˈpɹoːɡɹɑːm/ /ˈpɹoːɡɹəm/ /ˈpɹəʊɡɹæm/ programs n
program
A set of structured activities.
(politics) A set of principle goals which are supported by a political party or individual candidate
(computing) A software application, or a collection of software applications, designed to perform a specific task.
program repertuar
A leaflet listing information about a play, game or other activity.
program audycja emisja
(broadcasting) A performance of a show or other broadcast on radio or television.

program /ˈpɹoʊɡɹəm/ /ˈpɹoʊˌɡɹæm/ /ˈpɹoːɡɹɑːm/ /ˈpɹoːɡɹəm/ /ˈpɹəʊɡɹæm/ v
programować
(transitive) To enter a program or other instructions into (a computer or other electronic device) to instruct it to do a particular task.

program counter program counters n
licznik programu
(computing) A register that stores the address of the current (or next) instruction to be carried out by the processor.

program music n
muzyka programowa
(music) A form of art music, generally without vocal parts, that attempts to convey a scene, image, or mood.

program trading n
handel wysokich częstotliwości handel wysokiej częstotliwości
(business, finance, computing) High-volume and high-speed buying and selling of investment securities, such as stocks and bonds, which is initiated and executed by brokerage firms' computer programs that continually monitor market conditions.

programless adj
bezprogramowy

programlessness n
bezprogramowość

programmable /pɹəʊˈɡɹæməbəl/ adj
programowalny
Capable of being programmed.

programmer /ˈpɹoʊɡɹæmɚ/ /ˈpɹəʊɡɹæmə/ programmers n
programista programistka
(computing) One who writes computer programs; a software developer.
programator
A device that installs or controls a software program in some other machine.

programming /ˈpɹoʊɡɹæmɪŋ/ /ˈpɹəʊɡɹəmɪŋ/ programmings n
programowanie
(computing) The act of writing a computer program.

programming language /ˈpɹoʊɡɹæmɪŋ læŋɡwɪdʒ/ /ˈpɹəʊɡɹæmɪŋ læŋɡwɪdʒ/ programming languages n
język programowania
(programming) Code of reserved words and symbols used in computer programs, which give instructions to the computer on how to accomplish certain computing tasks.

progress /-ɹəs/ /ˈpɹɑɡɹɛs/ /ˈpɹəʊɡɹɛs/ progresses n
postęp
Movement or advancement through a series of events, or points in time; development through time. [from 15th c.]
Specifically, advancement to a higher or more developed state; development, growth. [from 15th c.]
Movement onwards or forwards or towards a specific objective or direction; advance. [from 16th c.]

progress bar progress bars n
pasek postępu
(graphical user interface) A bar that indicates the progression of a task by gradually filling its empty space with solid colour.

progression /pɹəˈɡɹɛʃən/ progressions n
progresja
The act of moving from one thing to another.
ciąg postęp
(mathematics) A sequence obtained by adding or multiplying each term by a constant.

progressive /pɹəˈɡɹes.ɪv/ /pɹəˈɡɹɛs.ɪv/ more progressive most progressive adj
progresywny
Favouring or promoting progress; advanced.
Promoting or favoring progress towards improved conditions or new policies, ideas, or methods.
(of an income tax or other tax) Increasing in rate as the taxable amount increases.
postępowy
Gradually advancing in extent; increasing.

progressive /pɹəˈɡɹes.ɪv/ /pɹəˈɡɹɛs.ɪv/ progressives n
postępowiec progresywista
A person who actively favors or strives for progress towards improved conditions, as in society or government.

progressive assimilation progressive assimilations n
upodobnienie postępowe

progressive tax progressive taxes n
podatek progresywny

progressively /pɹəˈɡɹɛsɪvli/ more progressively most progressively adv
postępowo progresywnie
In a progressive manner.

prohibit /pɹoʊˈhɪbɪt/ /pɹəʊˈhɪbɪt/ /pɹəˈhɪbət/ /pɹəˈhɪbɪt/ v
zakazywać zakazać
(transitive) To forbid, disallow, or proscribe officially; to make illegal or illicit.

prohibition /ˌpɹoʊ(h)ɪˈbɪʃən/ /ˌpɹəʊ(h)ɪˈbɪʃən/ prohibitions n
zakaz
An act of prohibiting, forbidding, disallowing, or proscribing something.

project /pɹəˈd͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈpɹoʊ.d͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈpɹɐʊ.d͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈpɹɑ.d͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈpɹɑ.d͡ʒɪkt/ /ˈpɹɑˌd͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈpɹɒd͡ʒ.ɛkt/ /ˈpɹəʊ.dʒɛkt/ [-d͡ʒɪ̈kt] projects n
projekt plan
A planned endeavor, usually with a specific goal and accomplished in several steps or stages.

project /pɹəˈd͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈpɹoʊ.d͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈpɹɐʊ.d͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈpɹɑ.d͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈpɹɑ.d͡ʒɪkt/ /ˈpɹɑˌd͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈpɹɒd͡ʒ.ɛkt/ /ˈpɹəʊ.dʒɛkt/ [-d͡ʒɪ̈kt] v
wystawać
(intransitive) To extend beyond a surface.
rzucać rzucić
(transitive) To cast (an image or shadow) upon a surface; to throw or cast forward; to shoot forth.
wyciągać wyciągnąć
(transitive) To extend (a protrusion or appendage) outward.
planować przewidywać
(transitive) To make plans for; to forecast.

project management n
zarządzanie projektami
(operations) The discipline of organizing and managing resources (e.g. people) in such a way that a project is completed within defined scope, quality, time and cost constraints.

projectable adj
projekcyjny
Able to be projected.
projekcyjny rzutowy
(mathematics) Able to form a projection.

projectile /pɹə(ʊ)ˈd͡ʒɛktɪl/ /pɹə(ʊ)ˈd͡ʒɛktʌɪl/ /pɹəˈd͡ʒɛk.taɪl/ /pɹəˈd͡ʒɛk.tl̩/ projectiles n
pocisk
An object intended to be or having been fired from a weapon.

projection /pɹəˈd͡ʒɛkʃən/ projections n
występ
Something which projects, protrudes, juts out, sticks out, or stands out.
występ rzucanie
The action of projecting or throwing or propelling something.
projekcja wyświetlenie
The display of an image by devices such as movie projector, video projector, overhead projector or slide projector.
prognoza przewidywanie
A forecast or prognosis obtained by extrapolation
projekcja
(psychology) A belief or assumption that others have similar thoughts and experiences to one's own. This includes making accusations that would more fittingly apply to the accuser.
(cartography) Any of several systems of intersecting lines that allow the curved surface of the earth to be represented on a flat surface. The set of mathematics used to calculate coordinate positions.
odwzorowanie projekcja
(photography) The image that a translucent object casts onto another object.
projekcja rzut
(geometry) An image of an object on a surface of fewer dimensions.
(mathematics) A transformation which extracts a fragment of a mathematical object.

projective geometry n
geometria rzutowa
(mathematics) a branch of mathematics that investigates those properties of figures that are invariant when projected from a point to a line or plane

projector /pɹəˈd͡ʒɛktɚ/ projectors n
projektor rzutnik
An optical device that projects a beam of light, especially one used to project an image (or moving images) onto a screen. [from 19th c.]

prokaryote /pɹoʊˈkæɹi.oʊt/ /pɹoʊˈkæɹi.ət/ /pɹoʊˈkɛəɹi.oʊt/ /pɹəʊˈkæɹi.ɒt/ /pɹəʊˈkæɹi.əʊt/ prokaryotes n
prokariont
An organism whose cell (or cells) are characterized by the absence of a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles.

prokaryotic adj
prokariotyczny
Of cells, lacking a nucleus.

proleg prolegs n
posuwka
(entomology) An appendage of the abdomen of some insect larvae, such as caterpillars, which is used like a leg.

proletarian more proletarian most proletarian adj
proletariacki
Of or relating to the proletariat.

proletarian proletarians n
proletariusz proletariuszka
A member of the proletariat.

proletariat /ˌpɹoʊ.lɪˈtɛɚ.i.ət/ /ˌpɹəʊ.lɪˈtɛə.ɹɪ.ət/ proletariats n
proletariat
(often, derogatory, also, figuratively) The lowest class of society; also, the lower classes of society generally; the masses.
(Marxism) Wage earners collectively, excluding salaried workers; people who own no capital and depend on their labour for survival; the working class, especially when seen as engaged in a class struggle with the bourgeoisie.
(chiefly, Ancient Rome, historical) The lowest class of citizens, who had no property and few rights, and were regarded as contributing only their offspring to the state.

proliferation /pɹəˌlɪf.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ /pɹəˌlɪf.əˈɹæɪ.ʃən/ proliferations n
rozprzestrzenienie
(uncountable) The process by which an organism produces others of its kind; breeding, propagation, procreation, reproduction.
proliferacja
(uncountable) The spread of biochemical, nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction to countries not originally involved in developing them.

prolific /pɹəˈlɪf.ɪk/ /ˌpɹoʊˈlɪf.ɪk/ more prolific most prolific adj
płodny
Fertile; producing offspring or fruit in abundance — applied to plants producing fruit, animals producing young, etc.
wyborowy
Similarly producing results or performing deeds in abundance

proline prolines n
prolina
(amino acid) A nonessential amino acid C5H9NO2 found in most animal proteins, especially collagen; its cyclic structure leads to kinks in the peptide chain of proteins.

prolix /pɹoʊˈlɪks/ /ˈpɹəʊ.lɪks/ more prolix most prolix adj
przegadany
Tediously lengthy; dwelling on trivial details.

prolixity /pɹəʊˈlɪk.sɪ.ti/ /pɹəˈlɪk.sɪ.ti/ prolixities n
rozwlekłość
Long-windedness, an excess of words.

prologue /ˈpɹoʊlɑɡ/ /ˈpɹoʊlɔɡ/ /ˈpɹəʊlɒɡ/ prologues n
prolog
A speech or section used as an introduction, especially to a play or novel.

promenade /pɹɑməˈneɪd/ /pɹɑməˈnɑd/ /pɹɒməˈneɪd/ /pɹɒməˈnɑːd/ /ˈpɹɒməneɪd/ /ˈpɹɒmənɑːd/ promenades n
promenada
A place where one takes a walk for leisurely pleasure, or for exercise, especially a terrace by the seaside.

promenade /pɹɑməˈneɪd/ /pɹɑməˈnɑd/ /pɹɒməˈneɪd/ /pɹɒməˈnɑːd/ /ˈpɹɒməneɪd/ /ˈpɹɒmənɑːd/ v
przechadzać się spacerować
To walk for amusement, show, or exercise.

promethium /pɹoʊˈmiːθiəm/ n
promet
A metallic chemical element (symbol Pm) with an atomic number of 61.

prominence /ˈpɹɑ.mɪ.nəns/ /ˈpɹɒ.mɪ.nəns/ prominences n
wzniesienie
(topography) Autonomous height; relative height or prime factor; a concept used in the categorization of hills and mountains.

prominent /ˈpɹɑmɪnənt/ /ˈpɹɒmɪnənt/ more prominent most prominent adj
prominentny
standing out, or projecting; jutting; protuberant

promiscuity /ˌpɹoʊ.mɪˈskju.ɪ.ti/ /ˌpɹɑm.ɪˈskju.ɪ.ti/ /ˌpɹɒm.ɪˈskju.ɪ.ti/ /ˌpɹəʊ.mɪˈskju.ɪ.ti/ promiscuities n
promiskuityzm
The state or quality of being promiscuous.

promiscuous /pɹəˈmɪs.kju.əs/ more promiscuous most promiscuous adj
rozwiązły rozpustny
Having many sexual partners, especially if indiscriminate in choosing said sexual partners.
nasłuchujący
(networking) The mode in which an NIC gathers all network traffic instead of getting only the traffic intended for it.

promise /ˈpɹɑmɪs/ /ˈpɹɒmɪs/ promises n
obietnica
(countable) an oath or affirmation; a vow

promise /ˈpɹɑmɪs/ /ˈpɹɒmɪs/ v
obiecywać obiecać
(ambitransitive) To commit to (some action or outcome), or to assure (a person) of such commitment; to make an oath or vow.

promise the moon v
obiecać złote góry obiecywać gruszki na wierzbie obiecywać złote góry

promissory note promissory notes n
weksel własny
(finance) A document saying that someone owes a specific amount of money to someone else, often with the deadline and interest fees; the primary purposes of a promissory note are to evidence the debt obligation incurred, and to establish terms for payment thereof.

promontory /ˈpɹɑməntɔɹi/ /ˈpɹɒm.ən.tɹi/ promontories n
przylądek cypel
A high point of land extending into a body of water, headland; cliff.

promote /pɹəˈmoʊt/ /pɹəˈməʊt/ v
awansować zaawansować
(transitive) To raise (someone) to a more important, responsible, or remunerative job or rank.
promować wypromować
(transitive) To advocate or urge on behalf of (something or someone); to attempt to popularize or sell by means of advertising or publicity.

promoter promoters n
promotor promotorka
(genetics) The section of DNA that controls the initiation of RNA transcription as a product of a gene.

promotion /pɹəˈmoʊʃən/ /pɹəˈməʊʃən/ promotions n
awans
An advancement in rank or position.
promocja
Dissemination of information in order to increase its popularity.

promotional /pɹəˈmoʊʃənəl/ /pɹəˈməʊʃənəl/ more promotional most promotional adj
awansowy promocyjny
Of or relating to an advertising promotion; serving to promote a service, institution, business, etc.

prompt /pɹɑmpt/ /pɹɒmpt/ more prompt most prompt adj
prędkie
Quick; acting without delay.

prompt /pɹɑmpt/ /pɹɒmpt/ prompts n
podpowiedź
A reminder or cue.
monit
(computing) A sequence of characters that is displayed to indicate that a computer is ready to receive input.

prompter prompters n
sufler suflerka
(theater) The person who does the prompting.

promulgate /ˈpɹɑ.məl.ɡeɪt/ /ˈpɹɒml̩.ɡeɪt/ v
promulgować
(transitive) To make known or public.

promulgation promulgations n
promulgacja
The act of promulgating or announcing something, especially a proclamation announcing a new law.

pronaos /pɹoʊˈneɪ.ɒs/ /pɹoʊˈneɪ.əs/ pronaoi pronaoses n
pronaos
(architecture) The inner area of the portico of a Greek or Roman temple

prone /pɹoʊn/ /pɹəʊn/ more prone most prone proner pronest adj
skłonny
(figuratively) Predisposed, liable, inclined.

prong /pɹɑŋ/ /pɹɒŋ/ /pɹɔŋ/ prongs n
ząb badyl grot kolec szpica
A thin, pointed, projecting part, as of an antler or a fork or similar tool. A tine.

pronghorn pronghorn pronghorns n
widłoróg amerykański
A North American mammal, Antilocapra americana, that resembles an antelope.

pronoia /pɹoʊˈnɔɪə/ /pɹəʊˈnɔɪə/ pronoiae pronoiai pronoias n
pronoja
(historical, Byzantine Empire) An imperial grant to an individual of temporary fiscal rights in the form of land, incomes or taxes from land, fishing rights, etc., sometimes carrying with it an obligation of military service.

pronominal /pɹəʊˈnɒmɪnəl/ more pronominal most pronominal adj
zaimkowy
(linguistics, grammar) Of, pertaining to, resembling, or functioning as a pronoun.

pronotum pronota n
przedplecze
The dorsal plate of the prothorax in insects

pronoun /ˈpɹoʊ.naʊn/ /ˈpɹəʊnaʊn/ pronouns n
zaimek
(grammar) A type of word that refers anaphorically to a noun or noun phrase, but which cannot ordinarily be preceded by a determiner and rarely takes an attributive adjective.

pronounce /pɹəˈnaʊns/ v
oznajmiać oznajmić
(transitive) To declare formally, officially or ceremoniously.
wymawiać wymówić
(transitive) To sound out (a word or phrase); to articulate.

pronouncement pronouncements n
oświadczenie
An official public announcement.

pronunciation /prəˌnʌnsɪˈeɪʃn/ /pɹəˌnaʊn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/ /pɹəˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/ /pɹəˌnʌn.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən/ /pɹəˌnʌn.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃʌn/ [pʰɹəˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən] pronunciations n
wymowa
(uncountable) The way in which the words of a language are made to sound when speaking.

pronunciation dictionary pronunciation dictionaries n
słownik wymowy
A dictionary that provides pronunciation of words, usually in the International Phonetic Alphabet.

proof /pɹuf/ /pɹuːf/ /pɹʉːf/ proofs n
dowód
(countable) An effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth; an act of testing; a test; a trial.
(uncountable) The degree of evidence which convinces the mind of any truth or fact, and produces belief; a test by facts or arguments which induce, or tend to induce, certainty of the judgment; conclusive evidence; demonstration.
(countable, mathematics) A process for testing the accuracy of an operation performed. Compare prove, transitive verb, 5.

proof /pɹuf/ /pɹuːf/ /pɹʉːf/ v
garować
(transitive, cooking) To allow yeast-containing dough to rise.

proof by contradiction proofs by contradiction n
dowód nie wprost sprowadzenie do absurdu
(mathematics, logic) Proof of a statement adduced by deriving a contradiction from the statement's negation.

proof by exhaustion proofs by exhaustion n
dowód wyczerpania

proof system proof systems n
grupa aksjomatów

proofless adj
bezdowodowy

prooflessly adv
bezdowodowo

prooflessness n
bezdowodność

proofread /ˈpɹuːfɹiːd/ /ˈpɹuːfɹɛd/ v
poprawiać
(transitive, and, intransitive) To check a written text for errors in spelling, grammar, syntax, and punctuation.

proofreader proofreaders n
korektor
A person who proofreads.
A person whose occupation is to proofread.

prop /pɹɑp/ /pɹɒp/ /pɹɔp/ props n
oparcie ostoja podpora podpórka podstawka stojak
An object placed against or under another, to support it; anything that supports.
rekwizyt
(theater, film) An item placed on a stage or set to create a scene or scenario in which actors perform.

propaedeutic /ˌpɹoʊpiːˈdjuːtɪk/ /ˌpɹɑpəˈduːtik/ propaedeutics n
propedeutyka
An introductory course of instruction.

propaganda /ˌpɹɒpəˈɡændə/ [ˌpɹɑp.əˈɡɛə̯n.də] [ˌpɹɒp.əˈɡæn.də] [ˌpɹɔp.əˈɡan.də] propagandas n
propaganda
(as a neutral word, _, dated) Agitation, publicity, public communication aimed at influencing an audience and furthering an agenda.

propaganda of the deed [ˌpɹɒ.pəˈɡæ̝ˑn.də əʋ ˌðə ˈdiːd] n
propaganda czynem
A politically motivated act of violence, meant to broadcast an ideological message and serve as catalyst to ignite a spirit of socialist revolution among the proletariat against perceived oppressors.

propagandist /pɹɒpəˈɡandɪst/ propagandists n
propagandysta propagandystka propagandzista propagandzistka
A person who disseminates propaganda. [from 18th c.]

propagandistic /pɹɒpəɡanˈdɪstɪk/ more propagandistic most propagandistic adj
propagandowy
Having the characteristics of propaganda; spreading propaganda.

propagator propagators n
propagator
(physics) A function that represents the quantum propagation of a subatomic particle

propane /ˈpɹoʊpeɪn/ propanes n
propan
(organic compound) An aliphatic hydrocarbon, C3H8, a constituent of natural gas. [from 1867]

propeller propellers n
śmigło śruba
A mechanical device with evenly-shaped blades that turn on a shaft to push against air or water, especially one used to propel an aircraft or boat.

propensity /pɹəˈpɛnsɪti/ propensities n
skłonność
An inclination, disposition, tendency, preference, or attraction.

proper /ˈpɹɑ.pɚ/ /ˈpɹɒp.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈpɹɔp.ə/ more proper most proper adj
właściwy
Following the established standards of behavior or manners; correct or decorous. [18th c.]
Suited or acceptable to the purpose or circumstances; fit, suitable. [13th c.]
jako taki właściwy
(often, _, postpositive) In the very strictest sense of the word. [14th c.]

proper fraction proper fractions n
ułamek właściwy
(arithmetic) A vulgar fraction in which the magnitude of the numerator is less than or equal to that of the denominator, such as 2/3.

proper noun proper nouns n
nazwa własna
(grammar) A word or phrase that is a noun denoting a particular person, place, organization, ship, animal, event, or other individual entity.

property /ˈpɹɑ.pɚ.ti/ /ˈpɹɒp.ə.ti/ [ˈpɹɑ.pɚ.ɾi] properties n
własność
Something that is owned.
posiadłość posesja
A piece of real estate, such as a parcel of land.
własność posiadanie prawo własności
The exclusive right of possessing, enjoying and disposing of a thing.
właściwość własność cecha
An attribute or abstract quality associated with an individual, object or concept.
właściwość wyróżnik
An attribute or abstract quality which is characteristic of a class of objects.

property tax property taxes n
podatek od nieruchomości
A tax, usually ad valorem, charged on the basis of the fair market value of property. The scope of taxable property varies by jurisdiction and it may include personal property in addition to real estate.

propertyless adj
bezwłasnościowy
Without property—things owned.
Having no properties—attributes or abstract qualities associated with an object.

prophase prophases n
profaza
The first stage of mitosis, during which chromatin condenses to form the chromosomes.
The first stage of meiosis.

prophecy /ˈpɹɑfɪ̈si/ /ˈpɹɒfɨsi/ prophecies n
proroctwo przepowiednia
A prediction, especially one made by a prophet or under divine inspiration.

prophesy /ˈpɹɑfɪsaɪ/ /ˈpɹɒfɪsaɪ/ v
przepowiadać przepowiedzieć
To foreshow; to herald; to prefigure.

prophet /ˈpɹɑ.fɪt/ /ˈpɹɒf.ɪt/ prophetess prophets n
prorok prorokini
Someone who speaks by divine inspiration.
Someone who predicts the future; a soothsayer.

prophetess /pɹɒfɪˈtɛs/ prophet prophetesses n
prorokini
A female prophet.

prophylactic /pɹɒfəˈlæktɪk/ more prophylactic most prophylactic adj
profilaktyczny

prophylaxis /pɹɔfɪˈlæksɪs/ prophylaxes n
profilaktyka
(medicine) Prevention of, or protective treatment for, disease.

propiska /pɹəˈpɪskə/ n
propiska zameldowanie
a system of population control in the ex-USSR, (regional) residence permit, registration

propitiation propitiations n
przebłagiwanie
The act of propitiating; placation, atonement, similar to expiation but with the added concept of appeasement of anger.

propitious /pɹoʊˈpɪʃəs/ more propitious most propitious adj
sprzyjający
Favorable; benevolent.

propolis /ˈpɹɑ.pə.lɪs/ /ˈpɹɒ.pə.lɪs/ n
kit pszczeli propolis
An aromatic glue-like substance produced by honeybees from tree resin, waxes, and their own secretions, used in the construction of their hives.

proportion /pɹəˈpo(ː)ɹʃən/ /pɹəˈpoəʃən/ /pɹəˈpɔɹʃən/ /pɹəˈpɔːʃən/ proportions n
odsetek proporcja
(countable) A quantity of something that is part of the whole amount or number.
proporcja
The relation of one part to another or to the whole with respect to magnitude, quantity, or degree.
(mathematics, countable) A statement of equality between two ratios.

proportional representation n
ordynacja proporcjonala
A voting principle aimed at securing a close match between the percentage of votes that groups of candidates (usually political parties) obtain in elections, and the percentage of seats they receive in the elected body.

proposal /pɹəˈpoʊzəl/ /pɹəˈpəʊzəl/ proposals n
oświadczyny
The act of asking someone to be one's spouse; an offer of marriage.
oświadczyny oferta wniosek
(legal) The offer by a party of what they have in view as to an intended business transaction, which, with acceptance, constitutes a contract.
propozycja oferta
Something which is proposed, or offered for consideration or acceptance.

propose /pɹəˈpoʊz/ /pɹəˈpəʊz/ v
proponować zaproponować
(transitive) To suggest a plan, course of action, etc.
oświadczać się oświadczyć się
(intransitive, sometimes followed by to) To ask for a person's hand in marriage.
zamierzać
(transitive) To intend.
(obsolete) To talk; to converse.

proposition /ˌpɹɑpəˈzɪʃən/ propositions n
propozycja
(uncountable) The act of offering (an idea) for consideration.
(countable) An idea or a plan offered.
zdanie
(countable, mathematics) An assertion so formulated that it can be considered true or false.
stwierdzenie
(countable, mathematics) An assertion which is provably true, but not important enough to be called a theorem.

propositional logic propositional logics n
rachunek zdań
(logic) A formal deductive system in which formulae representing propositions can be formed by combining atomic propositions using logical connectives.

propound /prəˈpaʊnd/ v
postulować
(transitive) To put forward; to offer for discussion or debate.

proprialization proprializations n
proprializacja
(linguistics) The process of a common noun becoming a proper name.

proprietary /pɹəˈpɹaɪ.ə.tə.ɹi/ /pɹəˈpɹaɪ.ə.tɛ.ɹi/ /pɹəˈpɹaɪ.ə.tɹi/ more proprietary most proprietary adj
własnościowy
Of or relating to property or ownership.

propyl propyls n
propyl
(organic chemistry) Either of two isomeric univalent hydrocarbon radicals, C3H7, formally derived from propane by the loss of a hydrogen atom. [from 1850]

pros and cons n
plusy i minusy za i przeciw
(pluralonly) The positive and negative attributes of arguments.

prosaic /pɹoʊˈzeɪ.ɪk/ /pɹəʊˈzeɪ.ɪk/ more prosaic most prosaic adj
prozaiczny
Pertaining to or having the characteristics of prose.
(main usage, usually of writing or speaking but also figurative) Overly plain, simple or commonplace, to the point of being boring.

prosaically more prosaically most prosaically adv
prozaicznie
In a prosaic manner; straightforwardly.

prosaicness n
prozaiczność
The characteristic of being prosaic.

prosaist prosaists n
prozaik
A person who writes prose.

proscenium /pɹoʊˈsiː.ni.əm/ /pɹəʊˈsiː.ni.əm/ proscenia prosceniums n
awanscena proscenium przedscenie
(in a modern, _, theater) The stage area between the curtain and the orchestra.
proscenium
(in an ancient, _, theater) The stage area immediately in front of the scene building.

prose /ˈpɹoʊz/ /ˈpɹəʊz/ proses n
proza
Language, particularly written language, not intended as poetry.

prosecution /ˌpɹɑ.səˈkju.ʃən/ prosecutions n
prokuratura strona oskarżająca
(legal) In many countries, a legal body and institution, usually part of the state apparatus, empowered to perform prosecution. Prosecutor's Office. See Prosecutor.

prosecutor /ˈpɹɑsəˌkjuːtəɹ/ prosecutors n
prokurator
(law) a prosecuting attorney.
(law) a person, as a complainant, victim, or chief witness, who institutes prosecution in a criminal proceeding.

proselyte /ˈpɹɑsəˌlaɪt/ /ˈpɹɒsəlaɪt/ proselytes n
neofita prozelita
One who has converted to a religion or doctrine, especially a gentile converted to Judaism.

proselytism proselytisms n
prozelityzm
The state of being a proselyte.

proselytize /ˈpɹɑ.sə.lə.taɪz/ /ˈpɹɑ.sə.lɪ.taɪz/ /ˈpɹɑ.zə.lə.taɪz/ /ˈpɹɑ.zə.lɪ.taɪz/ /ˈpɹɒs.əl.ə.taɪz/ /ˈpɹɒs.əl.ɪ.taɪz/ v
apostołować
(ambitransitive, broadly) To advertise one’s religious beliefs; to convert (someone) to one’s own faith or religious movement or encourage them to do so.
(by extension, ambitransitive) To advertise a non-religious belief, way of living, cause, point of view, (scientific) hypothesis, social or other position, political party, or other organization; to convince someone to join such a cause or organization or support such a position; to recruit someone.

prosimian prosimians n
małpiatka
A primate that is not a monkey or an ape, generally nocturnal with large eyes and ears. Such primates were formerly grouped in the suborder Prosimii, but are now considered a paraphyletic group and not a clade.

proso millet /ˈpɹoʊsoʊ ˈmɪlit/ proso millets n
proso zwyczajne
Panicum miliaceum, a grass species used as a crop.

prosody /ˈpɹoʊzədi/ /ˈpɹɑsədi/ /ˈpɹɑzədi/ /ˈpɹɒsədi/ /ˈpɹɒzədi/ /ˈpɹəʊzədi/ prosodies n
prozodia
(linguistics) The study of rhythm, intonation, stress, and related attributes in speech.
(poetry) The study of poetic meter; the patterns of sounds and rhythms in verse.

prosopagnosia /ˌpɹɑsoʊpæɡˈnoʊʒə/ /ˌpɹɒsəpaɡˈnəʊsɪə/ /ˌpɹɒsəpaɡˈnəʊzɪə/ /ˌpɹɒsəpaɡˈnəʊʒə/ prosopagnosias n
prozopagnozja
(neurology, pathology, psychology) A form of visual agnosia characterized by difficulty with face recognition despite intact low-level visual processing.

prosopography prosopographies n
prozopografia
a study of the individuals in a group of people within a specific context and their relationships

prosopopoeia /pɹəˌsəʊpəˈpiːə/ prosopopoeiae prosopopoeias n
animizacja ożywienie prozopopeja
(rhetoric) An act of personifying a person or object when communicating to an audience; a figure of speech involving this.
animizacja ożywienie
Personification of an abstraction.

prosopopoeial /pɹɒsə(ʊ)pəˈpiːəl/ more prosopopoeial most prosopopoeial adj
animizacyjny

prosopopoeic adj
animizacyjny

prospect /pɹəˈspɛkt/ /ˈpɹɑspɛkt/ /ˈpɹɒspɛkt/ prospects n
perspektywa
The potential things that may come to pass, often favorable.

prospect /pɹəˈspɛkt/ /ˈpɹɑspɛkt/ /ˈpɹɒspɛkt/ v
poszukiwać
(intransitive) To search, as for gold.

prospectively adv
ewentualnie perspektywistycznie potencjalnie prospektywnie przyszłościowo

prospector /pɹəˈspɛktə/ /ˈpɹɑsˌpɛktɚ/ prospectors n
poszukiwacz
A person who explores or prospects an area in search of mineral deposits, such as gold.

prosperity /pɹɑˈspɛɹ.ɪ.ti/ /pɹɒˈspɛɹ.ɪ.ti/ prosperities n
dobrobyt
The condition of being prosperous, of having good fortune

prostate /ˈpɹɒs.teɪt/ /ˈpɹɔs.teɪt/ prostates n
prostata gruczoł krokowy
The prostate gland. [from 1646]

prostate cancer prostate cancers n
rak prostaty
(oncology, disease) Cancer of the prostate gland.

prostate gland prostate glands n
gruczoł krokowy
(anatomy) A gland in male mammals surrounding the urethra just below the urinary bladder that controls the release of urine from the bladder and produces a secretion that is the fluid part of semen.

prosthesis /pɹɒsˈθiːsɪs/ prostheses n
proteza
(medicine) An artificial replacement for a body part, either internal or external.

prosthetic /ˌpɹɑsˈθɛtɪk/ adj
protetyczny
artificial, acting as a substitute for part of the body; relating to prosthesis

prosthetist prosthetists n
protetyk
A person who makes or fits prosthetic devices.

prosthodontics n
protetyka stomatologiczna
Prosthetic dentistry: a specialty of dentistry concerned with the restoration or replacement of damaged or missing teeth or portions thereof.

prostitute /ˈpɹɑːstətuːt/ /ˈpɹɒstɪtjuːt/ /ˈpɹɒstɪtʃuːt/ prostitutes n
prostytutka kurwa męska prostytutka
A person who does, or offers to do, a demeaning or dishonourable activity for money or personal gain; someone who acts in a dishonourable way for personal advantage. [from 17th c.]

prostitute /ˈpɹɑːstətuːt/ /ˈpɹɒstɪtjuːt/ /ˈpɹɒstɪtʃuːt/ v
prostytuować się sprostytuować się
(transitive, reflexive) To offer (oneself or someone else) for sexual activity in exchange for money. [from 16th c.]
prostytuować prostytuować się sprostytuować sprostytuować się
(transitive, derogatory) To sacrifice (oneself, one's talents etc.) in return for profit or other advantage; to exploit for base purposes.

prostitution /prɒstɪˈtjuːʃn/ /ˌprɒstɪˈt͡ʃuːʃn/ prostitutions n
prostytucja
Engaging in sexual activity with another person for pay.
(by extension) Debasement for profit or impure motives.

prostrate /ˈpɹɑstɹeɪt/ /ˈpɹɒstɹeɪt/ v
bić pokłony
To cause to lie down, to flatten.

prostyle adj
prostylowy

prostyle prostyles n
prostyl prostylos
A building having pillars only along the front side

prosumer /pɹəʊˈsjuːmə/ prosumers n
prosument
A person in postindustrial society who combines the economic roles of producer and consumer.

prosy /ˈpɹəʊzi/ prosier prosiest adj
prozaiczny
(of speech or writing) Unpoetic; dull and unimaginative.

protactinium /ˌpɹoʊ.tækˈtɪn.i.əm/ /ˌpɹəʊ.tækˈtɪn.i.əm/ n
protaktyn
A chemical element (symbol Pa) with atomic number 91: a dense, silvery-gray actinide metal.

protagonist /pɹoʊˈtæɡ.ə.nɪst/ /pɹəˈtæɡ.ə.nɪst/ protagonists n
protagonista bohater główny bohater protagonistka
(authorship) The main character, or one of the main characters, in any story, such as a literary work or drama.
protagonista protagonistka
A leading person in a contest; a principal performer.

protasis /ˈpɹɒtəsɪs/ protases n
poprzednik
(logic, grammar) A clause that expresses a contingent element in a conditional sentence

protean /pɹoʊˈtiː.ən/ /pɹəʊˈtiː.ən/ /ˈpɹoʊ.tɪ.ən/ /ˈpɹəʊ.tɪ.ən/ more protean most protean adj
zmienny
Exceedingly variable; readily assuming different shapes or forms.

protease /ˈpɹəʊtɪeɪz/ proteases n
peptydaza
(enzyme) An enzyme that cuts or cleaves proteins.

protect /pɹəˈtɛkt/ v
chronić
(ambitransitive) To keep safe; to defend; to guard; to prevent harm coming to.

protection /pɹəˈtɛkʃən/ protections n
ochrona
The process of keeping (something or someone) safe.
A means of keeping or remaining safe.

protection racket protection rackets n
haracz
(crime) A criminal scheme in which victims are required to pay in order to avoid violence or destruction of property.

protectionism /pɹəˈtɛkʃənɪzəm/ protectionisms n
protekcjonizm
(politics, economics) A system or policy of protecting the domestic producers of a product from foreign competition by imposing tariffs, quotas, duties or other barriers on importations.

protectionist more protectionist most protectionist adj
protekcjonistyczny
Of or pertaining to protectionism, or an advocate thereof.

protectionist protectionists n
protekcjonista protekcjonistka
Someone who believes in protecting domestic producers by impeding or limiting the importation of foreign goods and services via actions taken by government.

protective custody n
areszt prewencyjny

protectorate /pɹəˈtɛktəɹɪt/ protectorates n
protektorat
Government by a protector; especially, the government of England, Scotland, and Ireland by Oliver Cromwell.
The authority assumed by a superior power over an inferior or a dependent one, whereby the former protects the latter from invasion and shares in the management of its affairs but the protected state retains its nominal sovereignty.
An autonomous territory that is protected diplomatically or militarily against third parties by a stronger state or entity.

protein /ˈpɹoʊ.tiːn/ /ˈpɹoʊ.ɾi.ɪn/ /ˈpɹəʊ.ti.ɪn/ /ˈpɹəʊ.tiːn/ proteins n
białko proteina
(biochemistry, countable) Any of numerous large, complex naturally-produced molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids, in which the amino acid groups are held together by peptide bonds.
(nutrition, uncountable) One of three major classes of food or source of food energy (4 kcal/gram) abundant in animal-derived foods (i.e. meat) and some vegetables, such as legumes.

proteinaceous more proteinaceous most proteinaceous adj
białkowy proteinowy

proteinless adj
bezbiałkowy

proteinlike more proteinlike most proteinlike adj
białkopodobny

proteinuria proteinurias n
białkomocz
(medicine) The presence of protein in the urine.

protest /pɹəˈtɛst/ /ˈpɹoʊ.tɛst/ /ˈpɹəʊ.tɛst/ protests n
protest
A formal objection, especially one by a group.
demonstracja protest
A collective gesture of disapproval; a demonstration.

protest /pɹəˈtɛst/ /ˈpɹoʊ.tɛst/ /ˈpɹəʊ.tɛst/ v
protestować zaprotestować
(intransitive) To make a strong objection.

protester /pɹəˈtɛstəɹ/ /ˈpɹoʊtɛstəɹ/ protesters n
protestująca protestujący
(legal) One who protests a bill of exchange, or note.

prothorax prothoraces prothoraxes n
przedtułowie przedtułów
(entomology) The anterior segment of the insect thorax; it carries the first pair of legs

protist /ˈproʊtɪst/ protists n
protista
(microbiology) Any of the eukaryotic unicellular organisms—including protozoans, slime molds and some algae—historically grouped into the kingdom Protista (or Protoctista), now distributed over several clades.

protium protiums n
prot
(isotope) The lightest and most common isotope of hydrogen, having a single proton and no neutrons: 11H

proto- /pɹoʊ.toʊ/ /ˈpɹəʊ.təʊ/ [pɹoʊ.ɾoʊ] prefix
pra-
(ordinal) First in order; which stage is first.
proto-
(chemistry) Relating to protons and/or positive charge.

proto-language proto-languages n
prajęzyk
(linguistics) A language which is reconstructed by examining similarities in existing languages in order to deduce the form and aspects of a common ancestor language that is no longer known.

protocol /ˈpɹoʊtəˌkoʊl/ /ˈpɹoʊtəˌkɑl/ /ˈpɹoʊtəˌkɔl/ /ˈpɹəʊtəˌkɒl/ protocols n
protokół
(international law, now, _, rare) An official record of a diplomatic meeting or negotiation; later specifically, a draft document setting out agreements to be signed into force by a subsequent formal treaty. [from 17th c.]
The official rules and guidelines for heads of state and other dignitaries, governing accepted behaviour in relations with other diplomatic representatives or over affairs of state. [from 19th c.]
(computing) A set of formal rules describing how to transmit or exchange data, especially across a network. [from 20th c.]

protocollary adj
protokolarny protokólarny
Of or pertaining to protocol.

protologism /pɹəʊˈtɒləˌdʒɪzm/ protologisms n
protologizm
(neologism) A newly coined word or phrase defined in the hope that it will become common; a recently created term possibly in narrow use but not yet acknowledged.

protolysis /pɹoʊˈtɑlɪsɪs/ /pɹə(ʊ)ˈtɒlɪsɪs/ protolyses n
protoliza

proton /ˈpɹoʊ.tɑn/ /ˈpɹəʊ.tɒn/ protons n
proton
(particle) A positively charged subatomic particle forming part of the nucleus of an atom and determining the atomic number of an element, composed of two up quarks and a down quark.

protoplanet protoplanets n
protoplaneta
An astronomical object, approximately the size of the Moon, formed from the mutual gravitational attraction of planetesimals; they are thought to collide with each other and slowly form planets

protoplasm protoplasms n
protoplazma
(cytology) The entire contents of a cell comprising the nucleus and the cytoplasm. It is a semi-fluid, transparent substance which is the living matter of plant and animal cells.

protostome protostomes n
pragębowiec
Any animal, of the taxon Protostomia, in which the mouth is derived from the embryonic blastopore

prototype /-ɾə-/ /ˈpɹoʊtəˌtaɪp/ /ˈpɹəʊtətʌɪp/ prototypes n
prototyp
An original form or object which is a basis for other forms or objects (particularly manufactured items), or for its generalizations and models. [from late 16th c.]
An early sample or model built to test a concept or process.
(semantics) An instance of a category or a concept that combines its most representative attributes.

protozoan /ˌpɹoʊ.təˈzoʊ.ən/ /ˌpɹəʊ.təˈzəʊ.ən/ protozoa protozoans n
pierwotniak
(cytology) Any of the diverse group of eukaryotes, of the phylum Protozoa, that are primarily unicellular, existing singly or aggregating into colonies, are usually nonphotosynthetic, and are often classified further into phyla according to their capacity for and means of motility, as by pseudopods, flagella, or cilia.

protracted more protracted most protracted adj
przeciągły
Lasting for a long time or longer than expected or usual.

protractor /pɹəˈtɹæktə(ɹ)/ protractors n
kątomierz
A circular or semicircular tool for drawing or measuring angles.

protrude /pɹəˈtɹuːd/ v
sterczeć wystawać
(transitive) To cause to extend from a surface or boundary; to cause to stick out.

protussive more protussive most protussive adj
wzmacniający kaszel

protégé /ˈpɹoʊ.təˌʒeɪ/ /ˈpɹɒt.ə.ʒeɪ/ protégés n
protegowana protegowany
A person who is guided and supported by an older and more experienced person (a protector or mentor).

proud /pɹaʊd/ more proud most proud prouder proudest adj
dumny
Feeling honoured (by something); feeling happy or satisfied about an event or fact; gratified.
dumny wyniosły zarozumiały
(chiefly, biblical) Having too high an opinion of oneself; arrogant, supercilious.

proud as a peacock /pɹaʊd əz ə ˈpiːkɒk/ adj
dumny jak paw
(idiom, simile) Extremely proud.

proudly /ˈpɹaʊdli/ more proudly most proudly proudlier proudliest adv
dumnie
In a proud manner.

prove /pɹuːv/ v
udowadniać dowodzić
(transitive) To demonstrate that something is true or viable; to give proof for.

prove oneself v
wykazać się
(intransitive) To demonstrate or establish one's own worth.

proven /ˈpɹoːvən/ /ˈpɹuvən/ /ˈpɹuːvən/ /ˈpɹəʊvən/ more proven most proven adj
dowiedziony udowodniony
Having been proved; having proved its value or truth.

provenance /ˈpɹoʊ.və.nɑns/ /ˈpɹɑ.və.nəns/ /ˈpɹɒ.və.nəns/ /ˈpɹɒ.və.ˌnɒns/ provenances n
pochodzenie proweniencja
Place or source of origin.

proverb /ˈpɹɑvɝb/ /ˈpɹɒvɜːb/ proverbs n
przysłowie
(obsolete) A striking or paradoxical assertion; an obscure saying; an enigma; a parable.
(obsolete) A drama exemplifying a proverb.

provide /pɹəˈvaɪd/ v
aprowidować dostarczać dostarczyć zaaprowidować zaprowidować
To give what is needed or desired, especially basic needs.

provided /pɹəˈvaɪdɪd/ conjunction
pod warunkiem, że
Only if (the stipulation that follows is true).

providence /ˈpɹɒvɪdəns/ providences n
opatrzność
The careful governance and guidance of God (or another deity, nature, etc.). [from 14th c.]
A manifestation of divine care or direction; an instance of divine intervention. [from 16th c.]

provident /ˈpɹɒvɪdənt/ more provident most provident adj
przezorny
Possessing, exercising, or demonstrating great care and consideration for the future.

provider /pɹəˈvaɪ.də(ɹ)/ /pɹəˈvaɪ.dɚ/ /pɹəˈvɑɪ.də(ɹ)/ providers n
dostawca dostarczyciel dostarczycielka dostawczyni
One who, or that which, provides a service, commodity, or the means for subsistence.

province /ˈpɹɑv.ɪns/ /ˈpɹɒv.ɪns/ provinces n
prowincja województwo
A region of the earth or of a continent; a district or country. [from 14th c.]
prowincja
(Christianity) An area under the jurisdiction of an archbishop, typically comprising a number of adjacent dioceses. [from 14th c.]
(Roman Catholicism) An area under the jurisdiction of a provincial within a monastic order.

provincialism provincialisms n
prowincjonalizm
The quality of being provincial; having provincial tastes, mentality, manners.
(linguistics) A word or locution characteristic of a region or district.

proving ground proving grounds n
poligon
(military) A terrain or installation for testing weapons, military equipment, or tactics.

provision /pɹəˈvɪʒ.ən/ provisions n
prowiant zaopatrzenie aprowizacja
An item of goods or supplies, especially food, obtained for future use.
aprowizacja
The act of providing, or making previous preparation.
zabezpieczenie
Money set aside for a future event.
rezerwa
(accounting) A liability or contra account to recognise likely future adverse events associated with current transactions.

provision /pɹəˈvɪʒ.ən/ v
aprowidować zaaprowidować zaopatrywać zaprowidować
(transitive) To supply with provisions.

provisional /pɹəˈvɪʒənəl/ adj
tymczasowy
Temporary, but with the intention of eventually becoming permanent or being replaced by a permanent equivalent.

provisioner provisioners n
aprowizator

provisioning provisionings n
aprowizacja
An act of supplying with provisions.

provocateur provocateurs n
prowokator awanturnica awanturnik
One who engages in provocative behavior.

provocation /ˌpɹɑvəˈkeɪʃən/ /ˌpɹɒvəˈkeɪʃən/ provocations n
prowokacja
The act of provoking, inciting or annoying someone into doing something

provocative /pɹəˈvɑ.kə.tɪv/ /pɹəˈvɒk.ə.tɪv/ /pɹəˈvɔk.ə.tɪv/ [pɹəˈvɑ.kə.ɾɪv] more provocative most provocative adj
prowokacyjny
Serving or tending to elicit a strong, often negative sentiment in another person; exasperating.
wyzywający
Serving or tending to excite, stimulate or arouse sexual interest; sexy.

provocatively more provocatively most provocatively adv
wyzywająco
In a provocative manner.

provoke /pɹəˈvoʊk/ /pɹəˈvəʉk/ /pɹəˈvəʊk/ v
prowokować drażnić podjudzać sprowokować
(transitive) To cause someone to become annoyed or angry.

provost /pɹəʊˈvəʊ/ /ˈpɹoʊvoʊst/ /ˈpɹɑvəst/ /ˈpɹɒvɒst/ /ˈpɹɒvəst/ provosts n
prepozyt
(religion) The minister of the chief Protestant church of a town or region in Germany, the Low Countries, and Scandinavia.
(US, higher education) A senior deputy administrator; a vice-president of academic affairs.
(religion, historical) A prior: an abbot's second-in-command.
prepozyt prowost
A mayor: the chief magistrate of a town, particularly (Scotland) the head of a burgh or (historical) the former chiefs of various towns in France, Flanders, or (by extension) other Continental European countries.
(historical) A steward or seneschal: a medieval agent given management of a feudal estate or charged with collecting fees; (obsolete, sometimes as ~ of Paradise or ~ of Heaven) a title of the archangel Michael.

prow /pɹaʊ/ /pɹoʊ/ prows n
dziób
(nautical) The front part of a vessel

prowl /pɹaʊl/ /pɹoʊl/ v
grasować
(ambitransitive) To rove over, through, or about in a stealthy manner; especially, to search in, as for prey or booty.

proximity /pɹɑkˈsɪm.ɪ.ti/ /pɹɒkˈsɪm.ɪ.ti/ /pɹɔkˈsɪm.ə.ti/ [pɹɑkˈsɪm.ɪ.ɾi] [pɹɔkˈsɪm.ə.ɾi] proximities n
bliskość
Closeness; the state of being near as in space, time, or relationship.

proxy /ˈpɹɑk.si/ /ˈpɹɒk.si/ proxies n
pełnomocnictwo
The authority to act for another, especially when written.
pośrednik
(software) An interface for a service, especially for one that is remote, resource-intensive, or otherwise difficult to use directly.

proxy server proxy servers n
serwer pośredniczący serwer-pośrednik
(computing) A hardware server that acts as an intermediary between a user and another server, usually on the Internet.

proxy war proxy wars n
wojna zastępcza
A war where two powers use third parties as a supplement to, or a substitute for, fighting each other directly.

prude /pɹuːd/ prudes n
świętoszek świętoszka
A person who is or tries to be excessively proper, especially one who is easily offended by matters of a sexual nature.

prudence /ˈpɹuːdəns/ prudences n
roztropność przezorność
The quality or state of being prudent

prudent /ˈpɹuːdənt/ more prudent most prudent adj
przezorny
Sagacious in adapting means to ends; circumspect in action, or in determining any line of conduct.
roztropny
Practically wise, judicious, shrewd.

prudery /ˈpɹuːdəɹi/ pruderies n
pruderia pruderyjność
(uncountable) The condition of being prudish; prudishness
(countable) Prudish behaviour

prudish more prudish most prudish adj
pruderyjny
Of excessive propriety; easily offended or shocked, especially by sexual matters.

prudishness prudishnesses n
pruderia pruderyjność
The condition of being prudish; prudery

prune /pɹun/ /pɹuːn/ /pɹɪu̯n/ /pɹʉːn/ v
suszona śliwka
(intransitive, informal) To become wrinkled like a dried plum, as the fingers and toes do when kept submerged in water.

pruning shears n
sekator
(plurale tantum) A tool consisting of two blades with bevel edges, connected by a pivot, used for gardening.

prurigo /pɹʊəˈɹaɪɡəʊ/ prurigoes prurigos n
świerzbiączka
(medicine) A papular disease of the skin, with intense itching as the main symptom.

prussic acid n
kwas pruski
(chemistry, obsolete) Hydrocyanic acid.

pry /pɹaɪ/ v
podpatrywać podpatrzyć
To peer closely and curiously, especially at something closed or not public.
wścibiać się wścibić się wściubiać się wściubić się
(figuratively) To inquire into something that does not concern one; to be nosy; to snoop.

psalm /sæm/ /sɑlm/ /sɑm/ /sɑːm/ /sɔlm/ /sɔm/ psalms n
psalm
(religion, music) A sacred song; a poetical composition for use in the praise or worship of God.
One of the hymns by David and others, collected into one book of the Old Testament, or a modern metrical version of such a hymn for public worship.

psalmist psalmists n
psalmista
(capitalized) A composer of one of the Biblical Psalms

psalmodic adj
psalmodyczny
Relating to psalmody.

psalmody /ˈsæ.mə.di/ /ˈsæl.mə.di/ /ˈsɑ.mə.di/ /ˈsɑl.mə.di/ /ˈsɑː.mə.di/ psalmodies n
psalmodia
(music, uncountable) The singing or the writing of psalms.

psalter /ˈsɔːltə(ɹ)/ psalters n
psałterz

pseudo- /ˈs(j)uːdəʊ/ /ˈsuːdoʊ/ prefix
pseudo- niby-
False, not genuine, fake

pseudocode pseudocodes n
pseudokod
(computing) A description of a computer programming algorithm that uses the structural conventions of programming languages but omits detailed subroutines or language-specific syntax.

pseudoephedrine /sjuː.dəʊˈɛf.ə.dɹiːn/ /su.doʊ.ɪˈfɛ.dɹɪn/ pseudoephedrines n
pseudoefedryna
(pharmaceutical drug) A sympathomimetic alkaloid commonly used as a decongestant; a chemical compound, an isomer of ephedrine, with the formula C10H15NO.

pseudomathematics n
[[pseudo-]]matematyka

pseudonym /ˈs(j)uː.də(ʊ).nɪm/ /ˈsu.doʊ.nɪm/ /ˈsu.də.nɪm/ pseudonyms n
pseudonim
A fictitious name (more literally, a false name), as those used by writers and movie stars.

pseudopod /ˈsuː.də(ʊ)ˌpɒd/ /ˈsuː.dəˌpɑd/ pseudopodia pseudopods n
nibynóżka
(cytology) A temporary projection of the cytoplasm of certain cells, such as phagocytes, or of certain unicellular organisms, such as amoebas, that serves in locomotion. [from 19th c.]
(by extension) An extension or projection from something. [from 20th c.]

pseudorandom adj
pseudolosowy
Of a sequence of numbers, such that it has all the properties of a random sequence following some probability distribution (except true randomness), but is actually generated using a deterministic algorithm.

pseudoscience pseudosciences n
pseudonauka
Any body of knowledge that purports to be scientific or to be supported by science but which fails to comply with the scientific method.
Fictitious science as portrayed in science fiction.

pseudoscientific more pseudoscientific most pseudoscientific adj
pseudonaukowy
Of, relating to, or employing pseudoscience; not scientific, though purporting to be scientific.

pseudoscorpion pseudoscorpions n
zaleszczotek
An arachnid belonging to the order Pseudoscorpiones, also known as Pseudoscorpionida or Chelonethida

pseudovirtuous /ˈsjuːdəʊˌvɜː(ɹ)tju.əs/ /ˈsuːdəʊˌvɜː(ɹ)t͡ʃu.əs/ adj
[[niby-]]cnotliwy [[pseudo-]]cnotliwy niecnotliwy
Seemingly but not really virtuous.

pseudoword pseudowords n
logatom
(linguistics) A unit of speech or text that respects the phonotactic restrictions of a language, but is not part of the lexicon; a non-word whose nonexistence is merely an accidental gap.

pshaw /ˈpʃɔː/ /ˈʃɔː/ interjection
co takiego też coś
Indicating disapproval, scoffery, irritation, impatience or disbelief. [from 17th c.]

psi /psaɪ/ /saɪ/ psis n
psi
(countable) The twenty-third letter of Classical and Modern Greek and the twenty-fifth letter of Old and Ancient Greek.

psilocybin /ˌsaɪ-/ /ˌsɪ.ləˈsaɪ.bɪn/ /ˌsʌɪ.lə(ʊ)ˈsʌɪ.bɪn/ psilocybins n
psylocybina
(biochemistry) A hallucinogenic alkaloid, C12H15N2O·H2PO3, present in several species of Central American mushroom and producing effects similar to LSD. The prodrug of psilocin.

psoriasis /səˈɹaɪ.əsɪs/ psoriases n
łuszczyca
(disease) A noncontagious disease whose main symptom is gray or silvery flaky patches on the skin which are red and inflamed underneath when scratched.

psyche /ˈsaɪ.ki/ psyches n
psychika psyche
The human soul, mind, or spirit.

psychedelic /ˈsaɪ.kəˌdɛl.ɪk/ /ˈsaɪ.kɪˌdɛl.ɪk/ more psychedelic most psychedelic adj
psychodeliczny
Of, containing, generating, or reminiscent of drug-induced hallucinations, distortions of perception, altered awareness etc.

psychedelic /ˈsaɪ.kəˌdɛl.ɪk/ /ˈsaɪ.kɪˌdɛl.ɪk/ psychedelics n
psychodelik
Any psychoactive substance (such as LSD or psilocybin) which, when consumed, causes perceptual changes (sometimes erratic and uncontrollable), visual hallucination, and altered awareness of the body and mind.

psychiatric /ˌsaɪ.ki.ˈæt.ɹɪk/ adj
psychiatryczny
Of, or relating to, psychiatry.

psychiatrist /ˌsaɪˈkaɪ.ə.tɹɪst/ psychiatrists n
psychiatra
(medicine) A medical doctor specializing in psychiatry.

psychiatry /saɪˈkaɪ.əˌtɹi/ psychiatries n
psychiatria
(medicine) The branch of medicine that focuses on mental and behavioral health by subjectively diagnosing, treating, or preventing mental disorders (mental illnesses) and behavioural conditions.

psychic /ˈsaɪkɪk/ more psychic most psychic adj
metapsychiczny psychiczny
Relating to or having the abilities of a psychic.

psychic /ˈsaɪkɪk/ psychics n
medium
(parapsychology) A person who supposedly contacts the dead; a medium.

psychical /ˈsʌɪkɪk(ə)l/ adj
psychiczny
Performed by or pertaining to the psyche (the mind, spirit, or both): mental, psychic. [from 17th c.]
(theology) Pertaining to the animal nature of man, as opposed to the spirit. [from 18th c.]
Outside the realm of the physical; supernatural, psychic. [from 19th c.]

psychically /ˈsaɪ.kɪk.li/ more psychically most psychically adv
psychicznie
in a psychical or psychic manner

psychoactive more psychoactive most psychoactive adj
psychoaktywny
(pharmaceutical effect) Affecting the mind or mental processes.

psychoanalysis psychoanalyses n
psychoanaliza
A family of theories and methods within the field of psychotherapy that work to find connections among patients' unconscious mental processes.

psychoanalyst psychoanalysts n
psychoanalityk psychoanalityczka
A practitioner of psychoanalysis.

psychoanalyze v
psychoanalizować
(ambitransitive) To practice psychoanalysis (on).

psychokinesis /ˌsaɪkoʊkɪˈnisɪs/ /ˌsaɪkəʊkɪˈniːsɪs/ psychokineses n
psychokineza
(parapsychology) The movement of physical systems and objects by the use of psychic power. Abbreviated as PK.

psychological /ˌsaɪkəˈlɑːd͡ʒɪkl̩/ /ˌsaɪkəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkl̩/ adj
psychologiczny
Of or pertaining to psychology.
Relating to the mind and behavior or to the mental, emotional, and behavioral characteristics pertaining to a specified person, group, or activity.

psychological warfare n
wojna psychologiczna
(idiomatic) A mentally manipulative approach to warfare involving use of techniques to demoralize or intimidate someone into surrender.

psychologically adv
psychologicznie
in a psychological sense

psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/ psychologists n
psycholog psycholożka
An expert in the field of psychology.

psychology /saɪˈkɑləd͡ʒi/ /saɪˈkɒləd͡ʒɪ/ psychologies n
psychologia
(uncountable) The study of the human mind.
(uncountable) The study of human or animal behavior.
(countable) The mental, emotional, and behavioral characteristics pertaining to a specified person, group, or activity.

psychometry psychometries n
psychometria
(parapsychology) The paranormal ability to discover information about an object's past, and especially about its past owners, merely by handling it.

psychomotor adj
psychomotoryczny psychoruchowy
Of or pertaining to the function of muscles under the control of the mind

psychonaut psychonauts n
psychonauta psychonautka

psychopath /ˈsaɪkoʊˌpæθ/ /ˈsaɪkəˌpæθ/ psychopaths n
psychopata psychopatka
A person with a personality disorder indicated by a pattern of lying, cunning, manipulating, glibness, exploiting, heedlessness, arrogance, delusions of grandeur, carelessness, low self-control, disregard for morality, lack of acceptance of responsibility, callousness, and lack of empathy and remorse. Such an individual may be especially prone to violent and criminal offenses.

psychopathic /ˈsaɪkoʊˌpæθɪk/ /ˈsaɪkəˈpæθɪk/ more psychopathic most psychopathic adj
psychopatyczny
Exhibiting the behaviors and personality traits of a psychopath.

psychopathology /ˌsaɪkɒpəˈθɒlədʒɪ/ psychopathologies n
psychopatologia
(medicine, pathology) The study of the origin, development, diagnosis and treatment of mental and behavioural disorders.

psychopathy /saɪˈkɑpəθi/ /saɪˈkɒpəθi/ psychopathies n
psychopatia
A personality disorder indicated by a pattern of lying, exploitation, heedlessness, arrogance, sexual promiscuity, low self-control, and lack of empathy and remorse. Violent and criminal offenses may be indicative of this disorder.

psychophysical adj
psychofizyczny
Of or pertaining to psychophysics.
psychosomatyczny
Psychosomatic.

psychophysically adv
psychofizycznie
In a psychophysical way.

psychophysics n
psychofizyka
(psychology) The branch of psychology concerned with the effects of physical stimuli on mental processes.

psychopomp /ˈsaɪkoʊpɑmp/ /ˈsaɪkəʊpɒmp/ psychopomps n
psychopomp
(religion) A spirit, deity, person, etc., who guides the souls of the dead to the afterlife.

psychosis /saɪˈkoʊsɪs/ /saɪˈkəʊsɪs/ psychoses n
psychoza
(psychology) A severe mental disorder, sometimes with physical damage to the brain, marked by a deranged personality and a distorted view of reality.

psychosomatic /ˌsaɪkoʊsəˈmædɪk/ /ˌsaɪkəʊsəˈmætɪk/ more psychosomatic most psychosomatic adj
psychosomatyczny
(medicine, psychology) Pertaining to physical diseases, symptoms etc. which have mental causes.

psychosomatics n
psychosomatyka
(medicine) psychosomatic medicine (science)

psychotherapeutic more psychotherapeutic most psychotherapeutic adj
psychoterapeutyczny
Of or pertaining to psychotherapeutics (psychotherapy)

psychotherapeutically adv
psychoterapeutycznie
By means of, or with regard to psychotherapy.

psychotherapist psychotherapists n
psychoterapeuta psychoterapeutka
Someone who practices psychotherapy.

psychotherapy /ˌsaɪkoʊˈθɛɹəpi/ psychotherapies n
psychoterapia
The treatment of people diagnosed with mental and emotional disorders using dialogue and a variety of psychological techniques.

psychotraumatology n
psychotraumatologia
The study of psychological trauma.

psychotropic /ˌsaɪkəˈtɹɒpɪk/ more psychotropic most psychotropic adj
psychotropowy
(pharmaceutical effect) Affecting the mind or mental processes.

psychotropic /ˌsaɪkəˈtɹɒpɪk/ psychotropics n
psychotrop
(pharmaceutical drug) A psychotropic drug or agent.

ptarmigan /ˈtɑːmɪɡən/ ptarmigan ptarmigans n
pardwa
Any of three species of small grouse in the genus Lagopus found in subarctic tundra areas of North America and Eurasia.

pterodactyl /ˌtɛɹəˈdæktl̩/ /ˌtɛɹəˈdæktɪl/ pterodactyls n
pterodaktyl
(informal) Any pterosaur.

pterosaur /ˈtɛɹəˌsɔɹ/ pterosaurs n
pterozaur jaszczur latający
Any of several flying reptiles, of the extinct order †Pterosauria, including the pterodactyls. [from c. 1860]

ptomaine /ˈtoʊmeɪn/ /ˈtəʊmeɪn/ ptomaines n
jad trupi ptomaina
(chemistry) Any of various amines formed by putrefactive bacteria.

ptooey interjection
tfu!
The sound of spitting.

ptychography n
ptychografia

pub /pʊb/ /pʌb/ pubs n
pub knajpa gospoda piwiarnia
(UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, South Africa) A public house where beverages, primarily alcoholic, may be bought and consumed, also providing food and sometimes entertainment such as live music or television.

puberty /ˈpjuː.bə.ti/ puberties n
pokwitanie dojrzewanie płciowe okres dojrzewania
The age at which a person is first capable of sexual reproduction.

pubic hair pubic hairs n
owłosienie łonowe
(collectively) The hair that grows in the pubic region from puberty.

pubic symphysis pubic symphyses n
spojenie łonowe
(anatomy) A cartilaginous joint between the two bones of the pubis.

public /ˈpʌblɪk/ more public most public adj
publiczny
Pertaining to the people as a whole (as opposed to a private group); concerning the whole country, community etc. [from 15th c.]
Officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the state on behalf of the community. [from 15th c.]
Open to all members of a community; especially, provided by national or local authorities and supported by money from taxes. [from 15th c.]

public /ˈpʌblɪk/ publics n
publika społeczeństwo
The people in general, regardless of membership of any particular group.

public defender public defenders n
obrońca z urzędu
(legal) An attorney appointed to represent people who cannot afford to hire one.

public domain /ˌpʌblɪk doʊˈmeɪn/ /ˌpʌblɪk də(ʊ)ˈmeɪn/ n
domena publiczna własność publiczna
(specifically, law) The realm of intellectual property which is not or no longer protected by copyrights or patents, and thus over which no person can establish a proprietary interest.

public enemy public enemies n
wróg publiczny
A criminal widely regarded as dangerous or antisocial.

public holiday public holidays n
święto
A national or regional holiday from work on a specific day, usually for cultural reasons or celebrations.

public law n
prawo publiczne
(legal) A category of law governing the relationship between the state on the one hand and persons (citizens or legal persons including corporations) on the other. Constitutional law, administrative law and criminal law are some of the major subdivisions of public law.

public library public libraries n
biblioteka publiczna
A library provided essentially as a public service rather than as a commercial venture.

public limited company public limited companies n
spółka akcyjna
A publicly traded limited liability company in the United Kingdom and some other jurisdictions.

public office /ˈpʌblɪk ˈɒfɪs/ /ˈpʌblɪk ˈɔfɪs/ public offices n
urząd
(government) A position or occupation established by law or by the act of a government body, for the purpose of exercising the authority of the government in the service of the public.

public opinion n
opinia publiczna ulica
The opinion of the public, the popular view.

public property public properties n
własność publiczna
(law, property law) Property, assets or information directly owned by or under the control of the state.

public relations n
PR public relations
The professional dissemination and management of information by a person or an organization to the public with the purpose of creating a favorable public image.

public service public services n
usługa publiczna
(countable) A service such as health care, transport, or waste removal provided to the general public, often by the government.

public service announcement public service announcements n
ogłoszenie społeczne
An advertisement intended to serve the public interest by raising awareness of an issue, affecting public attitudes and potentially stimulating action.

public transport public transports n
transport publiczny
(UK, AU, NZ) Any form of transport that can be used by a member of public (who usually pays a fare); as opposed to private ownership of e.g. cars.

public-private partnership public-private partnerships n
partnerstwo publiczno-prywatne
(politics, government, business) An arrangement by which one or more private firms agrees to fund, create, or operate a facility, service, or other element of public infrastructure (such as a school, hospital, or highway) which is usually the sole responsibility of government, in return for all or some of the revenue generated by that facility or service.

publican /ˈpʌblək(ə)n/ /ˈpʌblɪk(ə)n/ publicans n
austernik karczmarka karczmarz oberżysta oberżystka
(chiefly, Britain) The landlord (manager or owner) of a public house.
publikanin
(Ancient Rome, historical) A tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times (1st century C.E.) who was generally regarded as sinful for extorting more tax than was due, and as a traitor for serving the Roman Empire.

publication /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ publications n
publikacja
The act of publishing printed or other matter.
publikacja wydawnictwo
An issue of printed or other matter, offered for sale or distribution.

publicist publicists n
publicysta publicystka
A journalist, often a commentator, who focusses on politics

publicity stunt publicity stunts n
chwyt reklamowy
A staged event used to garner publicity, usually for the purposes of marketing or activism.

publicly /ˈpʌblɪkli/ more publicly most publicly adv
publicznie
In public, openly, in an open and public manner.

publish /ˈpʌblɪʃ/ v
wydawać wydać
(transitive) To issue (something, such as printed work) for distribution and/or sale.
publikować opublikować
(intransitive) To issue a medium (e.g. publication).

publishable more publishable most publishable adj
do opublikowania
Able to be published.

publisher /ˈpʌblɪʃɚ/ publishers n
wydawca wydawnictwo wydawczyni
One who publishes, especially books.

publishing house publishing houses n
wydawnictwo
A company that produces books, magazines, brochures and other texts in print or electronic form.

pucker /ˈpʌkə(ɹ)/ puckers n
zmarszczka
A fold or wrinkle.

pudding /ˈpʊd.ɪŋ/ puddings n
pudding
Any of various dishes, sweet or savoury, prepared by boiling or steaming, or from batter.
A type of cake or dessert cooked usually by boiling or steaming.
budyń
A type of dessert that has a texture similar to custard or mousse but using some kind of starch as the thickening agent.
kaszanka
(originally) A sausage made primarily from blood.

puddle /ˈpʌdəl/ puddles n
kałuża
A small, often temporary, pool of water, usually on a path or road. [from 14th c.]

puddle /ˈpʌdəl/ v
mętlik
To collect ideas, especially abstract concepts, into rough subtopics or categories, as in study, research or conversation.

puddle jumper puddle jumpers n
awionetka
(idiomatic) A small passenger airplane, typically used for shorter connecting trips to smaller airports.

puerperium /ˌpju.əˈpɪə.ɹi.əm/ /ˌpju.ɚˈpɪɹ.i.əm/ puerperia n
połóg
(obstetrics) The period of time lasting around a month immediately following childbirth, when the mother’s uterus shrinks back to its prepartum state.

puff pastry puff pastries n
ciasto francuskie ciasto listkowe
A light, flaky pastry that is made of alternating buttery and floury dough layers by repeatedly folding the rolled pastry into many layers.

puff piece puff pieces n
laurka
A journalistic form of puffery; an article or story of exaggerating praise that often ignores or downplays opposing viewpoints or evidence to the contrary.

puffball puffballs n
kurzawka purchawka
Any of various fungi that produce a cloud of brown dust-like spores from their mature fruiting bodies.

pufferfish pufferfish pufferfishes n
najeżka
(uncountable) The meat of these fish, a delicacy popular in Japan served raw as sushi that may, if improperly prepared, contain deadly levels of neurotoxins; (Japanese) fugu.

puffin /ˈpʌfɪn/ puffins n
maskonur
The Atlantic puffin (Fratercula arctica) or (by extension) any of the other various small seabirds of the genera Fratercula and Lunda that are black and white with a brightly-coloured beak. [from 17th c.]

pug /pʌɡ/ pugs n
mops
A small dog of an ancient breed originating in China, having a snub nose, wrinkled face, squarish body, short smooth hair, and curled tail. [from the 18th c]

pugilist /ˈpju(ː).d͡ʒəlɪst/ /ˈpjuː.d͡ʒəlɪst/ pugilists n
bokserka pięściarka bokser pięściarz
One who fights with their fists; especially a professional prize fighter; a boxer. [from 1790]

pugnacious /pʌɡˈneɪ.ʃəs/ more pugnacious most pugnacious adj
awanturniczy wojowniczy
Naturally aggressive or hostile; combative; belligerent; bellicose.

puissant /ˈpjuəsənt/ /ˈpjuːɪs(ə)nt/ /ˈpwɪs(ə)nt/ /ˈpwɪsənt/ more puissant most puissant adj
potężny
(archaic, or, literary) Powerful, mighty, having authority.

puke /pjuːk/ pukes n
rzygi rzygowina
(colloquial, uncountable) vomit.

puke /pjuːk/ v
rzygać
(colloquial, ambitransitive) To vomit; to throw up; to eject from the stomach.

pulchritudinous /ˌpʌlkɹɪˈtjuːdɪnəs/ more pulchritudinous most pulchritudinous adj
urodziwy
(literary) Having great physical beauty.

pull /puːl/ /pʊl/ v
ciągnąć pociągnąć
(transitive, intransitive) To apply a force to (an object) so that it comes toward the person or thing applying the force.

pull a fast one v
brać na bajer wystrychnąć na dudka wziąć na bajer
(idiomatic, often followed by on) To carry out a trick or deception; to behave contrary to expectations.

pull a sickie v
udawać chorego
(slang, UK, Australia, New Zealand) To skip work or school or avoid an obligation by pretending to be sick.

pull an all-nighter v
zarwać noc
(idiomatic, informal) To stay awake throughout the night, usually when working or studying.

pull off v
ściągać ściągnąć
To remove by pulling.
osiągać osiągnąć udać zwojować
(idiomatic) To achieve; to succeed at something difficult.
zjechać
To turn off a road (onto the side of the road, or onto another road).

pull oneself together v
brać się w garść wziąć się w garść
(idiomatic, reflexive) To become mentally focused after a period of being unfocused; to regain control of oneself

pull out all the stops v
dawać z siebie wszystko dać z siebie wszystko nie powstrzymać się nie powstrzymywać się
(idiomatic) To reserve or hold back nothing.

pull out of one's ass v
wyciągać z dupy wyciągnąć z dupy
(idiomatic, vulgar, transitive) To fabricate (a factual-sounding claim) from no factual basis or evidence.

pull punches v
złagodzić uderzenie łagodzić uderzenie
(originally, boxing) To avoid using a high level of force when punching.

pull someone's chestnuts out of the fire v
wyciągać kasztany z ognia
To do another person's difficult work.

pull someone's leg v
nabrać kogoś wkręcać wkręcić
(idiomatic) To tease someone; to lead someone on; to goad someone into overreacting. It usually implies teasing or goading by jokingly lying.

pull strings v
pociągać za sznurki
(intransitive, idiomatic, often with “the” or a possessive adjective (such as “his”) before “strings”, pull one's strings) To control a person, organization, or situation by operating behind the scenes, as a puppeteer controls a marionette.

pull the plug v
przestawać wspierać przestać wspierać zatrzymać zatrzymywać
(informal, transitive with on) To cease to support; to halt.

pull the wool over someone's eyes v
mydlić oczy
(informal, idiom) To deceive someone.

pull up v
podciągać podciągnąć
(transitive, intransitive) To lift upwards or vertically.

pull-up /ˈpʊl.ʌp/ pull-ups n
podciąganie się na drążku
An exercise done for strengthening the arms and back in which one lifts one's own weight while hanging from a bar. Palms may be facing in any direction.

pullover /ˈpʊləʊvə(ɹ)/ pullovers n
sweter pulower
A sweater that must be put on by pulling it over the head; a sweater without buttons or a zipper in front.
przenoszenie sztangielki zza głowy
(weightlifting) An exercise performed lying on the back in which the arms are extended behind the head and exertion lifts the weight above the head.
(gymnastics, horizontal bar) An exercise in which the gymnast pulls up from a hang lifting the legs up and over the bar thus rolling into a support position.

pullulate /ˈpʌl.jʊ.leɪt/ v
mnożyć się plenić się
To multiply rapidly.
kiełkować zakiełkować
To germinate.

pulmonary adj
płucny
(anatomy) Pertaining to, having, or affecting the lungs.

pulmonary alveolus pulmonary alveoli n
pęcherzyki płucne
(anatomy) A small air sac in the lungs, where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged with the blood.

pulmonary artery pulmonary arteries n
tętnica płucna
(anatomy) The artery that connects the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs.

pulmonary embolism pulmonary embolisms n
zatorowość płucna
(pathology) The embolism or obstruction of a pulmonary artery, usually by a detached blood clot from a leg or pelvic vein, which causes a stoppage of blood into the lungs; symptoms include shortness of breath, chest pain, fainting, and sometimes death.

pulmonary emphysema pulmonary emphysemas n
rozedma
A chronic lung disease characterised by an abnormal increase in the size of the air spaces, resulting in laboured breathing and caused by exposure to toxic chemicals, most commonly tobacco smoke.

pulmonologist /ˌpʊlməˈnɒləd͡ʒɪst/ pulmonologists n
pulmonolog
A physician who specializes in pulmonology.

pulmonology /ˌpʊlməˈnɒləd͡ʒi/ n
pulmonologia
The branch of medicine dealing with diseases of the lungs and respiratory tract.

pulp /pʊlp/ /pʌlp/ pulps n
miazga
The soft center of a tooth.
miąższ
The soft center of a fruit.

pulpit /ˈpʊlpɪt/ /ˈpʌlpɪt/ pulpits n
ambona kazalnica
A raised platform in a church, usually enclosed, where the minister or preacher stands when giving the sermon.

pulpwood pulpwoods n
papierówka
Wood, usually softwood, used for pulping to make paper.

pulsar pulsars n
pulsar
(astronomy) A rotating neutron star that emits radio pulses periodically.

pulsate /pʌlˈseɪt/ /ˈpʌl.seɪt/ v
tętnić pulsować
To expand and contract rhythmically; to throb or to beat.

pulse /pʊls/ /pʌls/ [pəls] pulses n
puls tętno
A normally regular beat felt when arteries near the skin (for example, at the neck or wrist) are depressed, caused by the heart pumping blood through them.
(figuratively) The focus of energy or vigour of an activity, place, or thing; also, the feeling of bustle, busyness, or energy in a place; the heartbeat.

pulse /pʊls/ /pʌls/ [pəls] v
pulsować tętnić
(transitive, also, figuratively) To emit or impel (something) in pulses or waves.

pulse oximeter pulse oximeters n
pulsoksymetr
(medicine) A device used to monitor the oxygen level of a patient's blood.

pulse oximetry n
pulsoksymetria
(medicine) A noninvasive method allowing the monitoring of the oxygenation of a patient's hemoglobin, using a sensor placed on a thin part of the patient's anatomy, usually a fingertip or earlobe.

pumice /ˈpʌm.ɪs/ pumices n
pumeks
A light, porous type of pyroclastic igneous rock, formed during explosive volcanic eruptions when liquid lava is ejected into water or air as a froth containing masses of gas bubbles, which are frozen into the rock as the lava solidifies.

pump /pʌmp/ pumps n
pompa
A device for moving or compressing a liquid or gas.
A device for dispensing liquid or gas to be sold, particularly fuel.

pumping station pumping stations n
przepompownia
A building which houses one or more pumps, usually for the purpose of pumping water or sewage.

pumpkin /ˈpʌm(p).kɪn/ pumpkins n
dynia
The round yellow or orange fruit of this plant.
dynia dyniowy
(uncountable) The color of the fruit of the pumpkin plant.

pumpkin pie pumpkin pies n
tarta dyniowa
(cooking) A sweet pie made from the flesh of pumpkins and traditionally served as a dessert on Thanksgiving.

pumpkin seed pumpkin seeds n
pestka dyni
An edible seed of a pumpkin or other cultivars of squash.

pumpkinification n
apokolokyntoza
The act of turning into a pumpkin; usually in jocular opposition to deification.

pun /pʌn/ puns n
gra słów kalambur
A joke or type of wordplay in which similar definitions or sounds of two words or phrases, or different definitions of the same word, are deliberately confused.

punch /pʌnt͡ʃ/ /pʌnʃ/ punches n
cios
(countable) A hit or strike with one's fist.
dziurka dziurkacz otwór
(countable) A device, generally slender and round, used for creating holes in thin material, for driving an object through a hole in a containing object, or to stamp or emboss a mark or design on a surface.
poncz
A beverage, generally containing a mixture of fruit juice and some other beverage, often alcoholic.
kop
(uncountable) Power, strength, energy.

punch /pʌnt͡ʃ/ /pʌnʃ/ v
skasować
To employ a punch to create a hole in or stamp or emboss a mark on something.

punch above one's weight /pʌntʃ əˈbʌv wʌnz weɪt/ v
wystąpić lepiej, niż się oczekiwało występować lepiej, niż się oczekiwało
(idiomatic) To (attempt to) achieve or perform at a higher level than would be expected based on one's preparation, attributes, rank, or past accomplishments.

punch line /ˈpʌntʃˌlaɪn/ punch lines n
pointa puenta
The final part of a joke; the word, sentence, or exchange of sentences that is intended to be funny and provokes laughter from the listeners.
(by extension) A final, concluding statement that an explanation has been leading up to; a conclusion.

punched pocket punched pockets n
koszulka

punching bag /ˈpʌnt͡ʃɪŋ ˌbæɡ/ [ˈpən(t)ʃɪŋ-] punching bags n
worek do bica
A tough bag, usually cylindrical, filled with air, sand, or other material, often suspended so that it swings freely, which is punched or kicked when practising sports such as boxing or martial arts.
worek do bicia
(figuratively) A person serving as an object of abuse.

punctilious /pʌŋkˈtɪli.əs/ more punctilious most punctilious adj
drobiazgowy formalistyczny pedantyczny skrupulatny
Strictly attentive to detail; meticulous or fastidious, particularly to codes or conventions.
Precise or scrupulous; finicky or nitpicky.

punctual /ˈpʌŋktjʊəl/ /ˈpʌŋkt͡ʃuəl/ /ˈpʌŋtjʊəl/ /ˈpʌŋt͡ʃuəl/ more punctual most punctual adj
punktualny
Prompt; on time.

punctuality punctualities n
punktualność
The state of being punctual

punctually more punctually most punctually adv
punktualnie
In a punctual manner; on time.

punctuation /pʌŋk.t͡ʃuˈeɪ.ʃən/ punctuations n
interpunkcja przestankowanie
A set of symbols and marks which are used to clarify meaning in text by separating strings of words into clauses, phrases and sentences; examples include commas, hyphens, and stops (periods).

punctuation mark punctuation marks n
znak interpunkcyjny
Any of various symbols used in writing and printing to indicate pauses, divisions, etc. and to aid the reader in understanding what is written.

punish /ˈpʌnɪʃ/ v
karać ukarać
(transitive) To cause to suffer for crime or misconduct, to administer disciplinary action.

punishability punishabilities n
karalność
The characteristic of being punishable; the ability to be punished.

punishable more punishable most punishable adj
karalny
Subject to punishment; appropriate for punishment.

punishment /ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/ punishments n
kara karanie
The act (action) or process of punishing, imposing and/or applying a sanction.
kara kaźń
A penalty to punish wrongdoing, especially for crime.
wycisk
(figuratively) Any harsh treatment or experience; rough handling.

punitive /ˈpju.nɪ.tɪv/ more punitive most punitive adj
karny
(legal, military) Inflicting punishment; punishing.

punk /pəŋk/ /pʌŋk/ punks n
śmieć
(countable, US, _, slang) A worthless person, particularly: [1904]

punnet /ˈpʌnət/ /ˈpʌnɪt/ punnets n
łubianka
(UK, Australia, New Zealand) A small basket or receptacle for collecting and selling fruit, particularly strawberries.

punter /ˈpʌn.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈpʌn.tɚ/ [pʰʌ̃ːɾ̃ɚ] punters n
gracz graczka
(Australia, UK, New Zealand, slang) One who gambles. See speculator.
(Scotland) A person who trades with a gang but is not a gang member.

puny /ˈpjuni/ /ˈpjuːni/ punier puniest adj
wątły
Of inferior significance, size, or strength; ineffective, small, weak. [from 16th c.]

pup /pʌp/ v
szczenić
(intransitive) To give birth to pups.

pupa /ˈpjuːpə/ pupae pupas pupæ n
poczwarka
An insect in the development stage between larva and adult.

pupation pupations n
przepoczwarczenie

pupil /ˈpjuːpəl/ pupils n
uczeń uczennica
(dated, _, except in, _, UK) A learner at a school under the supervision of a teacher.
źrenica
(anatomy) The hole in the middle of the iris of the eye, through which light passes to be focused on the retina.
wychowanek
(legal, obsolete) An orphan who is a minor and under the protection of the state.

puppet /ˈpʌpɪt/ puppets n
lalka
Any small model of a person or animal able to be moved by strings or rods, or in the form of a glove.
marionetka
(figuratively) A person, country, etc, controlled by another.

puppet show puppet shows n
teatrzyk
A show, theatrical performance, in which the parts are played by puppets impersonating human or other characters

puppet state puppet states n
państwo marionetkowe
(politics) A state governed by a puppet government.

puppeteer /ˌpʌpəˈtɪ(ə)ɹ/ /ˌpʌpɪˈtɪə/ puppeteers n
lalkarz animator animatorka lalkarka
A person who uses a puppet.

puppetry /ˈpʌp.ɪ.tɹi/ puppetries n
lalkarstwo teatr lalek
(uncountable) The art of making, and performing with puppets

puppy /ˈpʌpi/ [ˈpʰɐpi] puppies n
szczeniak szczenię
A young dog, especially before sexual maturity (12–18 months)

puppy mill puppy mills n
pseudohodowla
A farm that breeds dogs for profit, often in squalid conditions.

puppyish more puppyish most puppyish adj
szczenięcy
With the playful, innocent, eager-to-please or energetic qualities of a puppy.

purchase /ˈpɜː(ɹ).t͡ʃəs/ /ˈpɝ.t͡ʃəs/ purchases n
zakup
The acquisition of title to, or property in, anything for a price; buying for money or its equivalent.
kupno zakup
(obsolete) The act or process of seeking and obtaining something (e.g. property, etc.)

purchase /ˈpɜː(ɹ).t͡ʃəs/ /ˈpɝ.t͡ʃəs/ v
nabyć
To pursue and obtain; to acquire by seeking; to gain, obtain, or acquire.

purchase order purchase orders n
zamówienie
(business) A commercial document issued by a buyer to a seller, indicating the type, quantities and agreed prices for products or services the seller will provide to the buyer.

purchase price purchase prices n
cena zakupu
(management, accounting) The price at which something is actually purchased, especially from the point of view of the purchaser.

purchaser purchasers n
nabywca nabywczyni
One who purchases.

purchasing purchasings n
zamówienie
An act or process of making a purchase.

purchasing power n
siła nabywcza
(economics) The amount of goods and services that can be bought with a unit of currency.

purchasing power parity purchasing power parities n
parytet siły nabywczej
(economics) A theory of long-term equilibrium exchange rates based on relative price levels of two countries.

pure /ˈpjoɹ/ /ˈpjoː/ /ˈpjuː(ə)ɹ/ /ˈpjɔː/ /ˈpjɚ/ /ˈpjɜː/ /ˈpjɝ/ /ˈpjʉːə/ /ˈpjʊə/ /ˈpjʊɹ/ /ˈpɪu̯(ə)ɹ/ /ˈpɪu̯ə(ɹ)/ more pure most pure purer purest adj
czysty
Free of flaws or imperfections; unsullied.
Free of foreign material or pollutants.
(of sound) Without harmonics or overtones; not harsh or discordant.

pure as the driven snow adj
czysty jak łza
(simile) Extremely pure; totally pure (typically "pure" in the sense of "virtuous").

purebred purebreds n
czystej krwi pełnokrwisty
An animal which has genuine parents of the same breed.

puree /pjʊəˈɹeɪ/ /ˈpjʊəɹeɪ/ purees n
purée
A food that has been ground or crushed into a thick liquid or paste.

purgatory /ˈpɜːɡət(ə)ɹi/ /ˈpɝɡəˌtɔɹi/ purgatories n
katusze męka
Any situation where suffering is endured, particularly as part of a process of redemption.

purge /pɜːd͡ʒ/ /pɝd͡ʒ/ purges n
czystka
A forcible removal of people, for example, from political activity.

purification /ˌpjʊəɹɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ purifications n
oczyszczenie
The act or process of purifying; the removal of impurities.

purificator purificators n
puryfikaterz
(Christianity) The napkin used to wipe the lip of the chalice during Holy Communion.

purifier purifiers n
oczyszczacz
A person or device that purifies (by removing impurities)

purine /ˈpjʊəɹiːn/ purines n
puryna
(organic compound) Any of a class of organic heterocyclic compounds, composed of fused pyrimidine and imidazole rings, that constitute one of the two groups of organic nitrogenous bases (the other being the pyrimidines) and are components of nucleic acids.

purism purisms n
puryzm
(uncountable) An insistence on the traditionally correct way of doing things.

purist more purist most purist adj
purystyczny
Of or pertaining to purism.

purist purists n
purysta
An advocate of purism.

purity /ˈpjɔːɹɪti/ /ˈpjɝɪti/ /ˈpjʊəɹɪti/ /ˈpjʊɹɪti/ purities n
czystość
The state or degree of being pure.

purlin [ˈpɜːɹlɪn] purlins n
płatew
A longitudinal structural member bridging two or more rafters of a roof.

purple /ˈpɜː(ɹ).pəl/ /ˈpɝ.pəl/ more purple most purple purpler purplest adj
purpurowy fioletowy
Of a purple hue.
(US politics) Not predominantly red or blue, but having a mixture of Democrat and Republican support.
(in Netherlands and Belgium) Mixed between social democrats and liberals.
Imperial; regal.
Blood-red; bloody.
(of language) Extravagantly ornate, like purple prose.
(motor racing, of a sector, lap, etc.) Completed in the fastest time so far in a given session.

purple /ˈpɜː(ɹ).pəl/ /ˈpɝ.pəl/ purples n
fiolet purpurowy
(colour theory) Any non-spectral colour on the line of purples on a colour chromaticity diagram or a colour wheel between violet and red.

purple coral purple corals n
goździeniec purpurowy
A species of forest mushroom, Alloclavaria purpurea

purple heron /ˈpɜː(ɹ)pəl ˈhɛɹən/ /ˈpɝpəl ˈhɛɹən/ purple herons n
czapla purpurowa
A wading bird, Ardea purpurea, having reddish-brown plumage and found throughout southern Europe and Asia.

purple prose n
kwiecista proza
Extravagant or flowery writing, especially in a literary work.

purple sandpiper purple sandpipers n
biegus morski
A type of sandpiper, Calidris maritima.

purplish more purplish most purplish adj
fioletowawy
Somewhat purple in colour/color.

purpose /ˈpɜ.poʊs/ /ˈpɜ.pəs/ /ˈpɜːpəs/ /ˈpɝpəs/ purposes n
cel
The end for which something is done, is made or exists.
powód
(Sense of having a) meaning for existing or doing something.
zamiar intencja
Resolution; determination.
temat zagadnienie
(obsolete) The subject of discourse; the point at issue.

purposeless more purposeless most purposeless adj
bezcelowy
Without purpose.

purposelessly more purposelessly most purposelessly adv
bezcelowo
In a purposeless manner; to no end; for no reason.

purposelessness n
bezcelowość
The state of being purposeless.

purposely /ˈpɜːpəsli/ /ˈpɝpəsli/ more purposely most purposely adv
celowo
On purpose; intentionally.

purpura /ˈpɜːpjʊɹə/ purpuras n
plamica purpura
(pathology) The appearance of red or purple discolorations on the skin that do not blanch when pressure is applied, caused by subdermal bleeding.

purpure /pəˈpjʊə/ /pɚˈpjʊɹ/ adj
purpurowy
(tincture) In blazon, of the colour purple.

purpurite n
purpuryt
(mineral) A manganese phosphate mineral with a striking purple colour.

purr /pɜː(ɹ)/ interjection
mru

purr /pɜː(ɹ)/ purrs n
mruczenie
The vibrating sound made by a cat in its throat when contented.

purr /pɜː(ɹ)/ v
mruczeć mruknąć
(intransitive, of a cat) To make a vibrating sound in its throat when contented.
(intransitive, of an engine) To make a low and consistent rumbling sound.

purse /pɜːs/ /pɝs/ purses n
portfel portmonetka torebka
(US) A handbag (small bag usually used by women for carrying various small personal items)

purser pursers n
ochmistrz
The person responsible for handling the accounts on a ship, or for dealing with the passengers on a ship or aircraft.

pursuant /pəˈsjuː.ənt/ /pɚˈsu.ənt/ more pursuant most pursuant adj
stosownie do zgodnie z
In conformance to, or in agreement with; used with to.

pursuant /pəˈsjuː.ənt/ /pɚˈsu.ənt/ more pursuant most pursuant adv
stosownie do zgodnie z
Accordingly; consequently.

pursue /pəˈsjuː/ /pəˈʃu/ /pəˈʃuː/ /pɚˈsu/ /pɜˈʃuː/ v
ścigać
(ambitransitive) To follow urgently, originally with intent to capture or harm; to chase. [from 14th c.]

pursuit /-sɪu̯t/ /pə(ɹ)-/ /pəɹ-/ /pəˈsjuːt/ /pəˈsʉːt/ /pəˈʃuːt/ /pəˈʃʉːt/ /pɜː(ɹ)ˈsɪu̯t/ /pɜːɹˈs(j)uːt/ /pɜːˈsjuːt/ /pɜːˈʃuːt/ /pɝˈsuːt/ pursuits n
pościg
The act of pursuing.

purulent /ˈpjʊəɹ(j)ʊlənt/ /ˈpjʊəɹələnt/ more purulent most purulent adj
ropny
(medicine) Consisting of pus.

pus /pʌs/ n
ropa
A whitish-yellow or yellow substance composed primarily of dead white blood cells and dead pyogenic bacteria; normally found in regions of bacterial infection.

push /pʊʃ/ [puʃ] [pʷʊʃ] v
pchać pchnąć popchnąć
(transitive, intransitive) To apply a force to (an object) such that it moves away from the person or thing applying the force.
pchać popychać
(intransitive) To continue to attempt to persuade a person into a particular course of action.

push one's luck v
igrać z losem

push the envelope /-ˈɑn-/ /-ˈɒnv(ə)ləʊp/ /ˌpʊʃ ði ˈɛnvəˌloʊp/ /ˌpʊʃ ðiː ˈɛnvələʊp/ v
jechać po bandzie
(intransitive, idiomatic, originally, aeronautics) To go beyond established limits; to pioneer. [from mid 20th c.]

push up daisies v
wąchać kwiatki od spodu
(idiomatic, euphemistic, or, humorous) To be dead.

push-up /ˈpʊʃˌʌp/ push-ups n
pompka pompek
An exercise done to improve upper body strength, performed by resting on one's toes and hands and pushing one's weight off the floor.

pushdown automaton pushdown automata pushdown automatons n
automat ze stosem
(computing theory) An automaton with finitely many states that can also use one unbounded stack of memory; the automaton may only push, pop, or read the top of the stack. Abbreviation: PDA.

pushing up daisies adj
wąchać kwiatki od spodu
(euphemistic, or, humorous) Dead.

pushover /ˈpʊʃəʊvə(ɹ)/ pushovers n
popychadło
Someone who lets themself be picked or bullied on without defending or standing up for themself.

pushy /ˈpʊʃ.i/ pushier pushiest adj
nachalny napastliwy
Overly assertive, bold, or determined; aggressively ambitious.

pusillanimous /pjuːsəlˈænəməs/ /pjuːsɪlˈænɪməs/ more pusillanimous most pusillanimous adj
małoduszny bojaźliwy lękliwy tchórzliwy
Showing ignoble cowardice, or contemptible timidity. [from 16th c.]

pussy /ˈpʌsi/ pussier pussiest adj
ropny
(medicine) Containing pus.

pussy /ˈpʊsi/ pussies n
cipa kicia kiciuś
(informal, affectionate) A cat. [from 17th c.]
cipa pizda cipsko
(vulgar, colloquial) The female genitalia; the vulva and/or vagina. [from 17th c.]

pussy eating n
lizanie cipy lizanie pizdy mineta
(vulgar, slang) cunnilingus

pussy juice pussy juices n
płyn cipki

pussy magnet pussy magnets n
coś przyciągającego kobiety
(slang, often, offensive) Something that attracts or is hoped to attract women, such as a fancy car, or a guitar which one can play.

pussy-cat pussy-cats n
kicia kiciuś koteczek kotek
(informal, affectionate) A pet domestic cat; a pussy.

pussywhipped /ˈpʊsiˌ(h)wɪpt/ more pussywhipped most pussywhipped adj
pod pantoflem
(slang, vulgar, of a man) Submissive to or dominated by one's wife or other female partner, frequently with the connotation that this submissive behavior is for the prospect of sex.

put /pʊt/ [pʰʊʔt] puts n
opcja sprzedaży
(business) A right to sell something at a predetermined price.

put /pʊt/ [pʰʊʔt] v
kłaść postawić jebnąć pierdolnąć stawiać umieścić
To place something somewhere.

put all one's eggs in one basket v
postawić wszystko na jedną kartę stawiać wszystko na jedną kartę
To rely on a single source (as of income), rather than diversifying.

put an end to v
kłaść kres położyć kres
(transitive, idiomatic) To terminate or abolish.

put aside v
abstrahować
(transitive) To ignore or intentionally disregard (something), temporarily or permanently, so that more important things can occupy one's attention.

put down roots v
zapuszczać korzenie zapuścić korzenie
(idiomatic) To establish oneself in a place; to become settled.

put food on the table v
zapewniać byt zapewnić byt
(idiomatic) To provide enough money to cover basic necessities.

put horns on v
przyprawiać rogi przyprawić rogi
(transitive) To cuckold, to be unfaithful to.

put in v
wkładać włożyć
(transitive) To place inside.

put in a good word v
szepnąć słówko
To speak favourably of someone to someone else, in order to help them out.

put into practice v
wprowadzać w życie wprowadzić w życie
(transitive, idiomatic) To make (something) a practical reality.

put lipstick on a pig v
czynić coś brzydkiego pozornie pięknym uczynić coś brzydkiego pozornie pięknym
(idiomatic) To superficially alter something in the hope of making it seem more appealing than it is in actuality.

put off v
odłożyć przełożyć
(transitive) To cause to dislike; to discourage (from doing).

put on v
wkładać włożyć
To don (clothing, equipment, or the like).

put on a pedestal v
wynieść na piedestał wynosić na piedestał
(transitive, idiomatic) To hold in very high esteem, especially to an exaggerated degree.

put on airs v
puszyć się jak paw
(idiomatic) To become haughty, to assume a pretentious manner.

put on weight v
przytyć tyć utyć
To experience a weight gain, to increase in weight.

put one's cards on the table v
wykładać karty na stół wyłożyć karty na stół
(idiomatic) To reveal one's true intentions, beliefs, feelings, or other previously concealed facts about one's situation; to speak frankly.

put one's finger on v
identyfikować precyzować sprecyzować wskazać palcem wskazywać palcem
(idiomatic, chiefly in the negative) To identify, specify, name or pick out.

put one's foot in one's mouth v
strzelać gafę strzelić gafę
(idiomatic) To misspeak; to say something embarrassing or wrong, or to make a mistake in public, or a social blunder, that is embarrassing or offensive.

put one's hands together v
bić brawo
(mostly, imperative) To clap; to applaud.

put one's heart in v
wkładać serce włożyć serce

put one's house in order v
robić porządki zrobić porządki
(literal) To clean and arrange in an orderly manner the furnishings and other contents of one's house.
doprowadzać sprawy do ładu doprowadzić sprawy do ładu
(idiomatic) To organize one's financial and other affairs, especially in preparation for a life-changing event.

put oneself in someone's shoes v
postawić się na czyimś miejscu znaleźć się w czyjejś skórze
(figuratively) To try to look at a situation from a different point of view; as if one were the other person; to empathise.

put option put options n
opcja sprzedaży
(finance) An option to sell a stated quantity of an asset or financial product, such as stock, at a stated price (the strike price), on a stated future date (or range of dates).

put out v
dawać dać
To cause someone to be out of sorts; to annoy, impose, inconvenience, or disturb.
(intransitive) To go out, to head out, especially (sailing) to set sail.
(intransitive, originally, _, US, _, slang) To consent to sex.
wygaszać
To extinguish (fire).

put out to pasture v
pójść w odstawkę
(informal) To make someone retire, especially due to advancing age.

put someone out of their misery v
skrócić męki
(transitive, idiomatic, informal) To submit a suffering person or an animal to euthanasia.

put the cart before the horse v
postawić na głowie stawiać na głowie coś
(idiomatic) To put things in the wrong order or with the wrong priorities; to put something inconsequential as more important than something more essential.

put the cat among the pigeons v
wsadzać kij w mrowisko wsadzić kij w mrowisko

put through the wringer v
wypytać wypytywać
(idiomatic) To interrogate or scrutinize closely; to subject to some trial or ordeal.

put to bed v
kłaść do łózka położyć do łózka
(transitive) To help someone, for example a child, go to bed.

put to sleep v
usypiać uśpić
(transitive) To cause (someone) to sleep.
(transitive) To help (someone) to bed; put to bed.
(transitive, euphemistic) To kill an animal painlessly, often with an injection; to euthanize.

put to the sword v
zabijać mieczem zabić mieczem
(idiomatic) To execute, especially by using a sword.

put together adj
łącznie
In total.

put together v
składać złożyć
(transitive) To assemble, construct, build, or formulate.

put two and two together v
dodać dwa do dwóch

put up v
podnieść podnosić
(transitive) To place in a high location.

put up a fight v
stawiać opór stawić opór
To offer some form of resistance to an attack.

put words in someone's mouth v
wkładać w usta włożyć w usta
(idiomatic) To say or imply that someone has made a statement or remark which they did not precisely or directly make.

putative /ˈpju.tə.tɪv/ /ˈpjʉ.tə.tɪv/ [ˈpju.ɾə.ɾɪv] [ˈpjʉ.ɾə.ɾɪv] more putative most putative adj
domniemany przypuszczalny
(derogatory) Commonly believed or deemed to be the case; accepted by supposition rather than as a result of proof.

putrescible /pjuːˈtɹɛsɪb(ə)l/ more putrescible most putrescible adj
rozkładający się rozkładalny rozkładczy
Decomposable; capable of becoming putrescent; rottable.

putsch /pʊt͡ʃ/ putsches n
pucz
A coup d'état; an illegal effort to forcibly overthrow the current government.

putter /-ɾɚ/ /ˈpʌtə(ɹ)/ /ˈpʌtɚ/ v
krzątać się
(intransitive) To be active, but not excessively busy, at a task or a series of tasks.

putter around v
krzątać się
(US) To engage in meaningless activity.

putty /ˈpʌti/ putties n
kit
A form of cement, made from linseed oil and whiting, used to fix panes of glass.

puukko puukkos puukot n
finka
A type of sharp, pointed knife of Nordic heritage, with a short blade and flat back; normally worn in a sheath on the waist, and used for woodcrafts and as hunting knife.

puzzle /ˈpʌzəl/ puzzles n
zagadka
Anything that is difficult to understand or make sense of.
łamigłówka
A game for one or more people that is more or less difficult to work out or complete.
zagadka rebus
A riddle.

pygmy /pɪɡmiː/ pygmies n
Pigmej
(often, _, capitalized) A member of one of various Ancient Equatorial African tribal peoples, notable for their very short stature.

pygmy chimpanzee pygmy chimpanzees n
szympans karłowaty bonobo szympans bonobo
(obsolete) Synonym of bonobo

pygmy hippopotamus pygmy hippopotami pygmy hippopotamus pygmy hippopotamuses n
hipopotam karłowaty
A large four-toed, four-legged mammal native to western Africa (Hexaprotodon liberiensis, syn. Choeropsis liberiensis), similar to but half the height of the common hippopotamus.

pygmy owl pygmy owls n
sóweczka

pylon /ˈpaɪ.lɒn/ pylons n
słup wysokiego napięcia
(electricity) A tower-like structure, usually one of a series, used to support high-voltage electricity cables.

pylorus pylori pyloruses n
odźwiernik
(anatomy, biology) In vertebrates, including humans, a zone at the lower end of the stomach that leads to and opens into the duodenum.

pyogenic /ˌpaɪ.əˈdʒɛnɪk/ more pyogenic most pyogenic adj
ropotwórczy
referring to bacterial infections that make pus

pyorrhea pyorrheas n
ropotok
A discharge of pus.

pyramid /ˈpɪɹəmɪd/ pyramids n
piramida ostrosłup
An ancient massive construction with a square or rectangular base and four triangular sides meeting in an apex, such as those built as tombs in Egypt or as bases for temples in Mesoamerica.
A construction in the shape of a pyramid, usually with a square or rectangular base.
(geometry) A solid with triangular lateral faces and a polygonal (often square or rectangular) base.

pyramid scheme pyramid schemes n
piramida finansowa
An illicit money-making investment scheme whereby early investors are paid primarily or wholly by later investors. Eventually all such schemes fail to the detriment of recent (later) investors.

pyramidal /pɪˈɹæm.ɪ.dl̩/ adj
piramidalny
(geometry) Pyramid-shaped.

pyre /ˈpaɪɚ/ pyres n
stos pogrzebowy
A funeral pile; a combustible heap on which corpses are burned.

pyridine pyridines n
pirydyna
(organic compound) Any of a class of aromatic heterocyclic compounds containing a ring of five carbon atoms and an nitrogen atom; especially the simplest one, C5H5N.

pyridoxine /ˌpɪɹɪˈdɒksɪn/ pyridoxines n
adermina pirydoksyna
(vitamin) A derivative of pyridine, 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol, found in fish, liver, cereals and yeast, and essential for the metabolism of amino acids and starch.

pyrite /ˈpaɪˌɹaɪt/ pyrites n
piryt
(mineral) The common mineral iron disulfide (FeS2), of a pale brass-yellow color and brilliant metallic luster, crystallizing in the isometric system.

pyritohedron pyritohedra pyritohedrons n
dwunastościan składany z pięciokątów

pyroclastic adj
piroklastyczny
(vulcanology) Mostly composed of rock fragments of volcanic origin or comminuted during an eruption.

pyroclastic flow /ˈpaɪ.ɹəʊ.klæ.stɪk fləʊ/ pyroclastic flows n
lawina piroklastyczna
(volcanology) A dense flow of volcanic ash, dust, rocks and debris that cascades at high speed down the slope of a volcano during an eruption.

pyrogenic more pyrogenic most pyrogenic adj
pirogeniczny pirogenny
(pathology, chemistry) generating or produced by heat, especially in the body; causing or caused by fever
pirogeniczny
(geology) of a mineral formed from magma at high temperature

pyrogenically more pyrogenically most pyrogenically adv
pirogenicznie pirogennie
(pathology, chemistry, geology) In a pyrogenic manner.

pyrogenicity pyrogenicities n
pirogeniczność pirogenność
(pathology, chemistry, geology) The condition or extent of being pyrogenic.

pyrography pyrographies n
pirografia
The freehanded art of decorating wood, leather or other materials with burn marks (resulting in surface burned designs) from the controlled application of a heated object or tool such as a poker.

pyroligneous acid n
ocet drzewny
(chemistry) A dark liquid, produced by the destructive distillation of wood, containing acetic acid, methanol, oils and tars; once used as a commercial source of acetic acid.

pyromania /ˌpaɪɹə(ʊ)ˈmeɪnɪə/ pyromanias n
piromania
(psychology) A compulsive disorder characterized by obsession with fire or uncontrollable urges to start fires.

pyromaniac /ˌpaɪɹoʊˈmeɪniæk/ /ˌpaɪɹəˈmeɪniæk/ pyromaniacs n
piroman piromanka
A person experiencing pyromania.

pyrope /ˈpaɪɹəʊp/ pyropes n
pirop
(mineral) A variety of garnet, of a poppy or blood-red color, frequently with a tinge of orange. It is used as a gemstone.

pyrosis pyroses n
zgaga
(medicine) A burning sensation in the chest due to reflux of stomach contents in the esophagus.

pyrotechnics /ˌpaɪ.ɹə.ˈtɛk.nəks/ n
pirotechnika
The art and technology of fireworks and related military applications.

pyroxene /paɪˈɹɑk.sin/ /paɪˈɹɒk.siːn/ pyroxenes n
piroksen
(mineral) Any of a group of crystalline minerals containing silicates of iron, magnesium and calcium.

pyroxenite pyroxenites n
piroksenit
(geology) A heavy, dark igneous rock consisting mostly of pyroxene minerals with smaller amounts of olivine and hornblende.

pyrrhic /ˈpɪɹ.ɪk/ adj
pyrrusowy
(prosody) Of or characterized by pyrrhics (metrical feet with two short syllables).

pyrrole /ˈpɪɹəʊl/ pyrroles n
pirol
(organic compound) Any of a class of aromatic heterocyclic compounds containing a ring of four carbon atoms and a nitrogen atom; especially the simplest one, C4H5N. [from 19th c.]

pysanka /ˈpɪsəŋkə/ pysankas pysanky n
pisanka
A hand-decorated Ukrainian Easter egg with intricate designs.

python /ˈpaɪθɑn/ /ˈpaɪθən/ pythons n
pyton
A type of large constricting snake.

pyuria pyurias n
ropomocz
(medicine, pathology) The presence of pus in the urine.

pyx /pɪks/ pyxes n
puszka
(Roman Catholicism, also, figurative) A small, usually round container used to hold the host, especially when bringing communion to the sick or others unable to attend Mass.

pyxidium pyxidia n
torebka
(botany) A seed capsule in the form of a box, the seeds being released when the top splits off.

pyxis /ˈpɪksɪs/ pyxides n
szkatułka
A small box.

pâté /pæˈteɪ/ /ˈpæt.eɪ/ pâtés n
pasztet
A finely-ground paste of meat, fish or vegetables, sometimes with the addition of alcohol.

qadi /ˈkɑːdi/ qadis n
kadi
(Islam, law) a judge who is trained in and practices Islamic law [from 16th c.]

qua /kweɪ/ /kwɑː/ preposition
jako
as; in the capacity of; acting as

quack /kwæk/ quacks n
kwa kwak kwaknięcie
The sound made by a duck.
konował znachor
(pejorative) A fraudulent healer, especially a bombastic peddler in worthless treatments, a doctor who makes false diagnoses for monetary benefit, or an untrained or poorly trained doctor who uses fraudulent credentials to attract patients [from c. 1630]
szarlatan
(figuratively, pejorative) Any similar charlatan or incompetent professional.
medyk
(jocular, _, slang, mildly, _, pejorative) Any doctor.

quack /kwæk/ v
kwakać
To make a noise like a duck.

quackery quackeries n
szarlataneria szarlataństwo znachorstwo
(countable) An instance of practicing fraudulent medicine.

quad bike quad bikes n
quad
A small off-road four-wheeled powered vehicle, especially of a design derived from a motorcycle, usually used for recreation or farm work.

quadcopter /ˈkwɒdkɒptə(ɹ)/ quadcopters n
quadcopter
A rotorcraft propelled by four rotors.

quadrable adj
kwadraturowy

quadrangular more quadrangular most quadrangular adj
czworokątny
Having the shape of a quadrangle; in the shape of a quadrangle.

quadrant /ˈkwɑd.ɹənt/ /ˈkwɒd.ɹənt/ quadrants n
kwadrant
(mathematics) One of the four regions of the Cartesian plane bounded by the x-axis and y-axis.
(nautical) A measuring device with a graduated arc of 90° used in locating an altitude.

quadratic equation quadratic equations n
równanie kwadratowe
(mathematics) a polynomial equation of the second degree.

quadratic function quadratic functions n
funkcja kwadratowa
(mathematics) Any function whose value is the solution of a quadratic polynomial

quadrature amplitude modulation quadrature amplitude modulations n
kwadraturowa modulacja amplitudowo-fazowa modulacja QAM
(radio) A modulation scheme that conveys data by applying amplitude modulation to two carrier waves at once. These two waves, usually sinusoids, are out of phase with each other by 90° and are thus called quadrature carriers. Commonly abbreviated QAM.

quadrennial /kwɑˈdɹɛni.əl/ /kwɒˈdɹɛn.i.əl/ adj
coczteroletni
Happening every four years.
czteroletni
Lasting for four years.

quadriga /kwɑˈdɹai.ɡə/ /kwɑˈdɹi.ɡə/ /kwɒdˈɹiː.ɡə/ /kwəˈdɹiː.ɡə/ quadrigae quadrigas n
kwadryga
(historical) A team of four horses, or sometimes other animals, especially as used in chariot racing.

quadrilateral /ˌkwɑd.ɹəˈlæt.ɚ.əl/ adj
czworoboczny
Having four sides.

quadrilateral /ˌkwɑd.ɹəˈlæt.ɚ.əl/ quadrilaterals n
czworokąt czworobok
A polygon with four sides.

quadrilingual adj
czterojęzyczny
Of a text, written in four languages.
Of a person, able to speak four languages.

quadrille /kwɒdˈɹɪl/ quadrilles n
kadryl
A dance originating in the mid-1700s with four couples forming a square, rather much like the modern square dance.

quadrillion /kwɑˈdɹɪl.i.ən/ /kwɑˈdɹɪl.jən/ /kwɒˈdɹɪl.jən/ /kwɒˈdʒɹɪl.jən/ /kwɔˈdɹɘl.jɘn/ /kwɔˈdɹɪl.jən/ quadrillions numeral
biliard
(US, modern British and Australian, short scale) A thousand trillion (logic: 1,000 × 1,0004): 1 followed by fifteen zeros, 1015.
kwadrylion
(dated, UK, Australia, long scale) A million trillion (logic: 1,000,0004): 1 followed by twenty-four zeros, 1024.

quadrimester quadrimesters n
cztery miesiące

quadrinomial quadrinomials n
czworomian
(algebra) An expression consisting of four terms.

quadrivium quadrivia quadriviums n
quadrivium kwadrywium
(education, historical) The higher division of the seven liberal arts in the Middle Ages, composed of geometry, astronomy, arithmetic, and music.

quadruped /ˈkwɒdɹəpɛd/ quadrupeds n
czworonóg
A four-footed or four-legged animal.

quadruple /kwɑˈdɹu.pəl/ /kwɑˈdɹʌp.əl/ /kwɒˈdɹuː.pəl/ /ˈkwɑd.ɹə.pəl/ /ˈkwɒd.ɹʊ.pəl/ adj
poczwórny
Being four times as long, as big or as many of something.

quadruple /kwɑˈdɹu.pəl/ /kwɑˈdɹʌp.əl/ /kwɒˈdɹuː.pəl/ /ˈkwɑd.ɹə.pəl/ /ˈkwɒd.ɹʊ.pəl/ v
poczwarzać poczworzyć
(transitive) To multiply by four.

quadruplet /kwɑˈdɹuplət/ /kwɑˈdɹuːplət/ /kwɑˈdɹʌplət/ /kwɒˈdɹʌplət/ quadruplets n
czworaczek
One of a group of four, particularly one of four babies born from the same mother during the same birth.

quads n
kareta
(poker slang) four of a kind

quaestor /ˈkwistɚ/ /ˈkwiːstə/ quaestors n
kwestor
(historical) An Ancient Roman official responsible for public revenue and other financial affairs.

quaffle quaffles n
kafel
A ball used in the sports of Quidditch and Muggle Quidditch.

quagga /kwæɡə/ /kwɑɡə/ /ˈkwaxə/ /ˈkwɒɡə/ quaggas n
kwaga kwagga
A southern-African subspecies of plains zebra, Equus quagga quagga, which went extinct in 1883. The upper parts of the animal were reddish brown, becoming paler behind and beneath, while the face, neck, and fore part of the body were marked by dark stripes.

quagmire /ˈkwæɡ.maɪə(ɹ)/ /ˈkwæɡ.maɪəɹ/ /ˈkwɒɡ.maɪə(ɹ)/ quagmires n
bagno błoto trzęsawisko
A swampy, soggy area of ground.
bagno błoto
(figuratively) A perilous, mixed up and troubled situation; a hopeless tangle.

quail /kweɪl/ /ˈkweɪ.əl/ quail quails n
przepiórka
Any of various small game birds of the genera Coturnix, Anurophasis or Perdicula in the Old World family Phasianidae or of the New World family Odontophoridae.

quail /kweɪl/ /ˈkweɪ.əl/ v
przestraszać się przestraszyć się
(intransitive) To lose heart or courage; to be daunted or fearful. [from 16th c.]

quaking grass quaking grasses n
drżączka
Any of the genus Briza of annual and perennial grasses, whose flowers and seedheads shake on their stalks in the slightest breeze.

qualification /ˌkwɑlɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ /ˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ qualifications n
kwalifikacja
The act or process of qualifying for a position, achievement etc. [from 16th c.]
An ability or attribute that aids someone's chances of qualifying for something; specifically, completed professional training. [from 17th c.]

qualified /ˈkwɑl.ɪ.faɪd/ /ˈkwɒl.ɪ.faɪd/ more qualified most qualified adj
wykwalifikowany
Meeting the standards, requirements, and training for a position.

qualitative /ˈkwɑ.ləˌteɪ.tɪv/ /ˈkwɒl.ɪ.tə.tɪv/ /ˈkwɔl.ɪ.tə.tɪv/ [ˈkwɑ.ləˌteɪ.ɾɪv] [ˈkwɔl.ɪ.ɾə.ɾɪv] more qualitative most qualitative adj
jakościowy
Of descriptions or distinctions based on some quality rather than on some quantity.
(chemistry) Of a form of analysis that yields the identity of a compound.

quality /ˈkwælɪti/ /ˈkwælɪtɪ/ /ˈkwɑləti/ /ˈkwɒlɪti/ /ˈkwɔl.ə.ti/ [ˈkwɔɫ.ə.ti] [ˈkʰwɑ.lə.ɾi] qualities n
jakość
(uncountable) Level of excellence.
(uncountable) The degree to which a man-made object or system is free from bugs and flaws, as opposed to scope of functions or quantity of items.
cecha przymiot
(countable) Something that differentiates a thing or person.

quality control quality controls n
kontrola jakości
A control, such as inspection or testing, introduced into an industrial or business process to ensure quality.

quality of life qualities of life n
jakość życia
The general well-being of something or someone.

quantifier /ˈkwɑn.tə.faɪ.ɚ/ quantifiers n
kwantyfikator
(logic) An operator, such as the universal quantifier (written as ∀) or the existential quantifier (∃), used in predicate calculus to indicate the degree that predicate is true for a specified set.

quantify /ˈkwɑn.təˌfaɪ/ /ˈkwɒn.tɪˌfaɪ/ /ˈkwɔn.tɪˌfɑɪ/ [ˈkwɑn.ɾəˌfaɪ] v
określać ilościowo określić ilościowo
(logic) To relate a statement (called a predicate) to a given set using a quantifier—either for all (denoted ∀) or there exists (denoted ∃).

quantile /ˈkwɒn.taɪl/ quantiles n
kwantyl
(statistics) One of the class of values of a variate which divides the members of a batch or sample into equal-sized subgroups of adjacent values or a probability distribution into distributions of equal probability.

quantitative /ˈkwɑn.təˌteɪ.tɪv/ /ˈkwɑn.tɪˌteɪ.tɪv/ /ˈkwɑn.əˌteɪ.tɪv/ /ˈkwɒntətɪv/ /ˈkwɒntɪtətɪv/ [ˈkwɑn.təˌteɪ.ɾɪv] [ˈkwɑn.əˌteɪ.ɾɪv] more quantitative most quantitative adj
ilościowy
Of a measurement based on some quantity or number rather than on some quality

quantitative easing quantitative easings n
luzowanie ilościowe
(economics) A monetary policy in which the central bank increases the money supply in the banking system, as by purchasing bonds from banks.

quantity /ˈkwæn.tɪ.ti/ /ˈkwæn.tɪ.tɪ/ /ˈkwɑn(t)ɪti/ /ˈkwɑndədi/ /ˈkwɑnɾəɾi/ /ˈkwɒn.tɪ.ti/ [ˈkʰwɑn(tʰ)ɨtʰi] [ˈkʰwɑn(ɾ)ɨɾi] quantities n
ilość wielkość
A fundamental, generic term used when referring to the measurement (count, amount) of a scalar, vector, number of items or to some other way of denominating the value of a collection or group of items.
ilość
A specific measured amount.
A considerable measure or amount.

quantum /ˈkwɑntəm/ /ˈkwɒntəm/ [ˈkwɑɾ̃əm] [ˈkʰwɑn.tʰəm] adj
kwantowa kwantowe kwantowy
(physics) Involving quanta, quantum mechanics or other aspects of quantum physics.

quantum /ˈkwɑntəm/ /ˈkwɒntəm/ [ˈkwɑɾ̃əm] [ˈkʰwɑn.tʰəm] quanta quantums n
kwant ilość
(physics) The smallest possible, and therefore indivisible, unit of a given quantity or quantifiable phenomenon. [from 20th c.]

quantum dot quantum dots n
kropka kwantowa
(nanotechnology) A fluorescent nanoparticle of semiconducting material.

quantum electrodynamics n
elektrodynamika kwantowa
(physics) The study of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with electrically charged matter within the framework of relativity and quantum mechanics.

quantum entanglement quantum entanglements n
splątanie kwantowe stan splątany
(quantum mechanics) A quantum mechanical phenomenon in which the quantum states of two or more objects have to be described with reference to each other, even though the individual objects are spatially separated.

quantum field theory quantum field theories n
kwantowa teoria pola
(quantum mechanics) A theory of quantum fields; the result of applying second quantization to Classical Relativistic Field Theory.

quantum logic quantum logics n
logika kwantowa
(logic, quantum mechanics) A form of non-classical logic which has been abstracted out of quantum mechanics.

quantum mechanics n
mechanika kwantowa
(physics) The branch of physics which studies matter and energy at the level of atoms and other elementary particles, and substitutes probabilistic mechanisms in place of classical Newtonian ones.

quantum number quantum numbers n
liczba kwantowa
(quantum mechanics) One of certain integers or half-integers that specify the state of a quantum mechanical system (such as an electron in an atom).

quantum state quantum states n
stan kwantowy

quantum well quantum wells n
studnia kwantowa
(quantum mechanics) a potential well that confines particles in one dimension, forcing them to occupy a planar region

quarantine /ˈkwɑɹ.ən.tin/ /ˈkwɒrn̩tiːn/ /ˈkwɒɹ.ən.taɪn/ /ˈkwɒɹ.ən.tiːn/ /ˈkwɔɹ.ən.tin/ /ˈkɔɹ.ən.tin/ quarantines n
kwarantanna
(historical) A 40-day period formerly imposed by the French king upon warring nobles during which they were forbidden from exacting revenge or continuing to fight.
A period, instance, or state of isolation from the general public or from native livestock and flora enacted to prevent the spread of any contagious disease.
(figurative) A similar period, instance, or state of rigidly enforced or self-enforced detention or isolation.
A place where such isolation is enforced, a lazaret.
(politics, figurative) A blockade of trade, suspension of diplomatic relations, or other action whereby one country seeks to isolate another.

quarantine /ˈkwɑɹ.ən.tin/ /ˈkwɒrn̩tiːn/ /ˈkwɒɹ.ən.taɪn/ /ˈkwɒɹ.ən.tiːn/ /ˈkwɔɹ.ən.tin/ /ˈkɔɹ.ən.tin/ v
poddać kwarantannie
(intransitive) To enter or stay in quarantine, particularly to self-quarantine to avoid an epidemic disease.

quark /kwɑɹk/ /kwɑːk/ /kwɔɹk/ /kwɔːk/ n
kwark
(particle) In the Standard Model, an elementary subatomic particle that forms matter. They combine to form hadrons, such as protons and neutrons.
twaróg biały ser ser biały
A soft creamy cheese, eaten throughout northern, central, eastern, and southeastern Europe as well as the Low Countries, very similar to cottage cheese except that it is usually not made with rennet.

quarrel /ˈkwɑɹəl/ /ˈkwɒɹ(ə)l/ /ˈkwɔɹəl/ quarrels n
kłótnia spór sprzeczka awantura spięcie swar
(countable) A dispute or heated argument (especially one that is verbal).
bełt
(countable, archery, historical) An arrow or bolt for a crossbow or an arbalest, traditionally with the head square in its cross section.

quarrelsome /ˈkwɑɹəlsəm/ /ˈkwɒɹəlsəm/ /ˈkwɔɹəlsəm/ more quarrelsome most quarrelsome adj
awanturniczy kłótliwy swarliwy
Argumentative; fond of or prone to quarreling.

quarrelsomely more quarrelsomely most quarrelsomely adv
awanturniczo

quarry /ˈk(w)ɔɹ.i/ /ˈkwɒɹ.i/ quarries n
kamieniołom
(mining) A site for mining stone, limestone, or slate.
zwierzyna
(uncountable) An animal, often a bird or mammal, which is hunted.

quart /kwɔɹt/ /kwɔːt/ /kɔɹt/ quarts n
kwarta
A unit of liquid capacity equal to two pints; one-fourth (quarter) of a gallon. Equivalent to 1.136 liters in the UK and 0.946 liter (liquid quart) or 1.101 liters (dry quart) in the U.S.

quarter /ˈk(w)oː.tɘ/ /ˈk(w)ɔɹ.tɚ/ /ˈk(w)ɔːtə/ quarters n
kwartał
(now, historical) A fourth part of the night; one of the watches or divisions of the night. [from 14th c.]
kwartał ćwierć
(historical) A measure of length; originally a fourth part of an ell, now chiefly a fourth part of a yard. [from 14th c.]
ćwierćdolarówka
(North America) A quarter-dollar, divided into 25 cents; the coin of that value minted in the United States or Canada. [from 18th c.]
dzielnica
A division or section of a town or city, especially having a particular character of its own, or associated with a particular group etc. [from 16th c.]

quarter /ˈk(w)oː.tɘ/ /ˈk(w)ɔɹ.tɚ/ /ˈk(w)ɔːtə/ v
ćwiartować kwaterować poćwiartować zakwaterować
(transitive) To divide into quarters; to divide by four.

quarter of an hour quarters of an hour n
kwadrans
(time) fifteen minutes.

quarter rest quarter rests n
pauza ćwierćnutowa
(music) A rest of the same duration as a quarter note.

quarter- prefix
ćwierć-

quarter-century quarter-centuries n
ćwierćwiecze
A period of twenty-five years.

quarterdeck quarterdecks n
nadbudówka spardek
(nautical) The aft part of the upper deck of a ship; normally reserved for officers

quarterfinal quarterfinals n
ćwierćfinał
(sports) One of the four competitions in a knockout tournament whose winners go on to play in the two semifinals.

quartering quarterings n
ćwiartowanie
The method of capital punishment where a criminal is cut into four pieces.

quarterly adj
kwartalny
Occurring once every quarter year (three months).

quarterly adv
kwartalnie
Once every quarter year (three months).

quarterly quarterlies n
kwartalnik
A periodical publication that appears four times per year.

quartermaster /ˈk(w)ɔɹtɚˌmæstɚ/ /ˈkwɔːtɚˌmɑːstə/ quartermasters n
kwatermistrz
(military rank) An officer whose duty is to provide quarters, provisions, storage, clothing, fuel, stationery, and transportation for a regiment or other body of troops, and superintend the supplies. Master of quartering.

quartet /kwɔː(ɹ)ˈtɛt/ quartets n
kwartet
(music) A group of four musicians who perform classical music together.

quartz /k(w)ɔɹts/ /k(w)ɔːts/ quartzes n
kwarc
(mineral) The most abundant mineral on the earth's surface, of chemical composition silicon dioxide, SiO2. It occurs in a variety of forms, both crystalline and amorphous. Found in every environment.

quartz clock quartz clocks n
zegar kwarcowy
Any timepiece that makes use of the piezoelectric property of a quartz crystal.

quasar /ˈkweɪ.zɑɹ/ /ˈkweɪ.zɑː/ quasars n
kwazar
(galaxy) An extragalactic object, starlike in appearance, that is among the most luminous and (putatively) the most distant objects in the universe.

quash /kwɑʃ/ /kwɒʃ/ /kwɔʃ/ v
tłumić
To defeat decisively, to suppress.
unieważniać
(legal) To void or suppress (a subpoena, decision, etc.).

quasi- /-aɪ/ /-ʌɪ/ /kwæzi/ /kwɑːsi/ /kwɑːzi/ /ˈkweɪ.saɪ/ /ˈkweɪ.zaɪ/ prefix
niby-
Almost, virtually.

quasiparticle quasiparticles n
kwazicząstka
(particle) Any entity that has some characteristics of a distinct particle, but comprises a grouping of multiple particles

quasireligious more quasireligious most quasireligious adj
quasi-religijny
Almost, or as if, religious.

quaternion /-ən/ /kwɑˈtɜɹniɑn/ /kwə-/ /kwəˈtɜːni.ən/ quaternions n
kwaternion
(mathematics) A type of four-dimensional hypercomplex number consisting of a real part and three imaginary parts (real multiples of distinct, independent square roots of −1 denoted by i, j and k); commonly used in vector mathematics and as an alternative to matrix algebra in calculating the rotation of three-dimensional objects.

quatrain /ˈkwɒt.ɹeɪn/ quatrains n
czterowiersz kwartyna tetrastych
A stanza of four lines.

quatrayle quatrayles n
praprapradziad praprapradziadek
(rare) A great-great-great-grandfather; the grandfather of the grandfather of one's father.

quattuordecillion /ˌkwɒtjuɔː(ɹ)dəˈsɪl.i.ən/ quattuordecillions numeral
septyliard
(US, British, Australian, rare, short scale) 1045.
(dated, British, Australian, rare, long scale) 1084.

quaver /ˈkweɪvə(ɹ)/ quavers n
ósemka
(music) an eighth note, drawn as a crotchet (quarter note) with a tail.

quay /keɪ/ /kiː/ /kweɪ/ quays n
nabrzeże molo
(nautical) A stone or concrete structure on navigable water used for loading and unloading vessels; a wharf.

quayside /ˈkiːsaɪd/ quaysides n
nabrzeże
(also, attributive) An area alongside a quay.

qubit /ˈkjubɪt/ /ˈkjuːbɪt/ qubits n
kubit
(quantum computing) A quantum bit; the basic unit of quantum information described by a superposition of two states; a quantum bit in a quantum computer capable of being in a state of superposition.

queen /kwiːn/ [kʰw̥iːn] queens n
królowa hetman
A female monarch.
Worker bees around the queen (sense 6) of the hive, marked with a pink dot A reproductive female insect in a hive, such as an ant, bee, termite or wasp.
caryca królowa
A woman whose pre-eminence, power, or forcefulness is comparable to that of a queen.
królowa dama hetman królówka
A chess piece that, under contemporary rules, is the most powerful, able to move any number of spaces horizontally, vertically, or diagonally.
królowa dama krala
A playing card with a depiction of a queen on it, generally ranking next below the king and above the jack in a given suit.
ciota homo pedał
(slang, sometimes, derogatory) A homosexual man, especially one regarded as effeminate.
kotka kocica
An adult female cat capable of breeding.

queen /kwiːn/ [kʰw̥iːn] v
koronować ukoronować
(transitive) To make a queen or (figuratively) to give the status of a queen.
czynić hetmanem uczynić hetmanem
(chess) To promote a pawn to a queen.

queen bee queen bees n
królowa
A reproductive female (especially the only one) in a colony of bees.

queen mother queen mothers n
królowa matka
A widowed queen consort (a queen dowager) whose son or daughter from that marriage is the reigning monarch.

queen of beasts n
królowa zwierząt
(idiomatic) The lioness.

queer /kwɪə/ /kwɪɹ/ queerer queerest adj
dziwny dziwaczny
(dated, outside, Ireland, Scotland, and, England) Weird, odd, or different; whimsical. [from 16th c.]
queerowy
(colloquial, sometimes, pejorative) Non-heterosexual or non-cisgender: homosexual, bisexual, asexual, transgender, etc.
(broadly) Pertaining to sexual or gender behaviour or identity which does not conform to conventional heterosexual or cisgender norms, assumptions etc. [from 20th c.]

queerness queernesses n
queer
(uncountable) The quality of being queer, in the sense of not conforming to sexual or gender norms.

queerplatonic more queerplatonic most queerplatonic adj
[[homoseksualista|homoseksualisto-]]platoniczny
(neologism, of a relationship) Not romantic and (usually) not sexual, but sharing a stronger emotional bond than typical in a friendship.

quench /kwɛnt͡ʃ/ v
gasić
(transitive) To satisfy, especially a literal or figurative thirst.
gasić ugasić ugaszać wygasić wygaszać zgasić
(transitive) To extinguish or put out (as a fire or light).

quenching /ˈkwɛntʃ.ɪŋ/ quenchings n
hartowanie
(metallurgy) The rapid cooling of a hot metal object, by placing it in a liquid, in order to harden it.

quern /kwɜːn/ /kwɝn/ querns n
żarna
A mill for grinding corn, especially a handmill made of two circular stones.

querulously /ˈkwɛɹ.jə.ləs.li/ /ˈkwɛɹ.jʊ.ləs.li/ /ˈkwɛɹ.ʊ.ləs.li/ more querulously most querulously adv
płaczliwie
With grumbling, complaining, or whining.

query /ˈkwɛ.ɹi/ /ˈkwɪ.ɹi/ /ˈkwɪə.ɹi/ queries n
pytanie
A question, an inquiry (US), an enquiry (UK).
kwerenda zapytanie
(computing, databases) A set of instructions passed to a database.

query /ˈkwɛ.ɹi/ /ˈkwɪ.ɹi/ /ˈkwɪə.ɹi/ v
kwestionować pytać
(intransitive) To ask a question.
kwestionować
(transitive) To question or call into doubt.
kwerendować wysyłać zapytanie wysłać zapytanie
(computing, databases) To pass a set of instructions to a database to retrieve information from it.

quesadilla /ˌkeɪ̯səˈdi(j)ə/ /ˌkeɪ̯səˈdiː(l)jə/ /ˌkeɪ̯səˈdiːə/ [ˌkʰeɪ̯səˈdi(j)ə] [ˌkʰeɪ̯səˈdiːl(j)ə] quesadillas n
quesadilla
A Mexican dish made by filling a tortilla with cheese and sometimes other ingredients and then cooking it until the cheese is melted.

quest /kwɛst/ quests n
poszukiwania poszukiwanie
A journey or effort in pursuit of a goal (often lengthy, ambitious, or fervent); a mission.

question /ˈkwɛ.ʃən/ /ˈkwɛstjən/ /ˈkwɛst͡ʃən/ /ˈkwɛst͡ʃɛn/ /ˈkwɛʃ(t͡ʃ)ɛn/ /ˈkwɛʃtən/ /ˈkwɛʃt͡ʃən/ /ˈkwɛʔ.ʃən/ questions n
pytanie
A sentence, phrase or word which asks for information, reply or response; an interrogative.
A doubt or challenge about the truth, accuracy, or validity of a matter.
kwestia pytanie
A subject or topic for consideration or investigation.
przesłuchanie
(now, archaic, historical, chiefly, with definite article) Interrogation by torture.

question /ˈkwɛ.ʃən/ /ˈkwɛstjən/ /ˈkwɛst͡ʃən/ /ˈkwɛst͡ʃɛn/ /ˈkwɛʃ(t͡ʃ)ɛn/ /ˈkwɛʃtən/ /ˈkwɛʃt͡ʃən/ /ˈkwɛʔ.ʃən/ v
pytać
(transitive) To ask questions of; to interrogate; to ask for information.
kwestionować
(transitive) To raise doubts about; have doubts about.

question mark /ˈkwɛstʃ(ə)n ˌmɑɹk/ /ˈkwɛstʃ(ə)n ˌmɑːk/ /ˈkwɛʃ-/ question marks n
znak zapytania pytajnik
(typography) The punctuation mark "?", used at the end of a sentence to indicate a question.
Polygonia interrogationis, a North American nymphalid butterfly with a silver mark on the underside of its hindwing resembling a question mark (sense 1).

questionable /ˈkwɛst͡ʃənəbl̩/ more questionable most questionable adj
wątpliwy kontrowersyjny sporny
Problematic; open to doubt or challenge.
kontrowersyjny
Of dubious respectability or morality.

questionnaire /ˌk(w)ɛstjəˈnɛə/ /ˌk(w)ɛstʃəˈnɛə/ /ˌkwɛs.t͡ʃəˈnɛɹ/ questionnaires n
kwestionariusz ankieta
A form containing a list of questions; a means of gathering information for a survey

quetzal /kɛtˈsɑl/ /ˈkɛt.səl/ quetzales quetzals n
kwezal quetzal
Any trogon of the genus Pharomacrus, especially the resplendent quetzal, Pharomacrus mocinno, which has very long tail feathers and is found in Guatemala and Costa Rica.
quetzal
A monetary unit used in Guatemala, equal to 100 centavos.

queue /kju/ /kjuː/ queues n
kolejka ogonek lista oczekujących
A waiting list or other means of organizing people or objects into a first-come-first-served order.
kolejka
(computing) A data structure in which objects are added to one end, called the tail, and removed from the other, called the head (in the case of a FIFO queue). The term can also refer to a LIFO queue or stack where these ends coincide. [from 20th c.]

queue /kju/ /kjuː/ v
stać w kolejce stanąć w kolejce
(intransitive) To put oneself or itself at the end of a waiting line.

quiche /kiːʃ/ quiches n
kisz
A pie made primarily of egg and cream, perhaps mixed with chopped meat or vegetables, in a pastry crust.

quick /kwɪk/ [kʰw̥ɪk] more quick most quick quicker quickest adj
prędki szybki bystry błyskawiczny chyży
Moving with speed, rapidity or swiftness, or capable of doing so; rapid; fast.

quick as a flash adv
błyskawicznie
(idiom, simile) Extremely quickly.

quick match quick matches n
lont
A pyrotechnic fuse consisting of a cotton string, coated with black powder, confined in a paper tube.

quick-and-dirty more quick-and-dirty most quick-and-dirty adj
zgrubna zgrubny
(idiomatic) Done or constructed in a hasty, approximate, temporarily adequate manner, but not exact, fully formed, or reliable for a long period of time.

quickdraw quickdraws n
ekspres
(climbing) A set of two carabiners connected by a strap.

quickie /ˈkwɪki/ quickies n
numerek
(colloquial, by extension) A brief sexual encounter.

quicklime quicklimes n
wapno wapno niegaszone
Calcium oxide, which is produced by heating (calcining) limestone and gives slaked lime on treatment with water.

quickly /ˈkwɪkli/ more quickly most quickly quicklier quickliest adv
szybko bystro prędko
Rapidly; with speed; fast.

quicksand quicksands n
kurzawka ruchome piaski
Wet sand that appears firm but in which things readily sink, often found near rivers or coasts.

quicksilver /ˈkwɪkˌsɪlvɚ/ n
rtęć żywe srebro
The metal mercury.

quickwitted /ˌkwɪkˈwɪt.ɪd/ [ˌkwɪkˈwɪɾ.ɪd] more quickwitted most quickwitted adj
błyskotliwy
Mentally keen and alert.

quid pro quo /ˌkwɪd.pɹoʊˈkwoʊ/ /ˌkwɪd.pɹəʊˈkwəʊ/ quae pro quibus quid pro quibus quid pro quos n
coś za coś
Something which is offered or asked for in exchange for something else.

quiet /ˈkwaɪ.ət/ /ˈkwaɪ.ɪt/ more quiet most quiet quieter quietest adj
cichy
With little or no sound; free of disturbing noise.
spokojny
Having little motion or activity; calm.

quiet /ˈkwaɪ.ət/ /ˈkwaɪ.ɪt/ v
uciszać uciszyć uciszyć się uspokajać uspokajać się uspokoić
(transitive) To cause (someone or something) to become quiet.
uciszyć się uspokajać się uspokoić się zamilknąć
(intransitive) To become quiet or calm.

quiet as a mouse phraseologicalUnit
siedzieć cicho jak mysz pod miotłą siedzieć jak mysz pod miotłą
(simile, idiom) Very quiet, so as to not be heard.

quieten /ˈkwaɪ.ə.tən/ v
ucichać ucichnąć
(intransitive) To become quiet.

quietism quietisms n
kwietyzm
A form of mysticism involving quiet contemplation.

quietly /ˈkwaɪ.ət.li/ /ˈkwaɪ.ɪt.li/ more quietly most quietly adv
cicho
In a quiet manner.

quill /kwɪl/ [kʰw̥ɪl] quills n
pióro gęsie pióro
A pen made from a feather.
Something having the form of a quill, such as the fold or plain of a ruff, or (weaving) a spindle, or spool, upon which the thread for the woof is wound in a shuttle.

quillon /kiːˈjɒn/ quillons n
garda jelec

quilt /kwɪlt/ [kʰw̥ɪlt] quilts n
kołdra
A bed covering consisting of two layers of fabric stitched together, with insulation between, often having a decorative design.

quim /kwɪm/ quims n
cipa cipsko pizda
(vulgar, slang) The female genitalia; the vulva.

quince /kwɪns/ quinces n
pigwa
(countable) The deciduous tree bearing such fruit, native to Asia.

quinceañera /ˌkɪnseɪ.ənˈjɛɹə/ /ˌkɪnsənˈjɛɹə/ quinceañeras n
quinceañera
(chiefly, US) The fifteenth birthday and particularly the celebration and ceremony surrounding it for a young Latina woman.

quincunx /ˈkwɪnkʌŋks/ /ˈkwɪŋkʌŋks/ quincunces quincunxes n
kwinkunks
An arrangement of five units with four forming the corners of a square and the fifth at the centre of the square, a pattern corresponding to the five-spot on dice, playing cards, or dominoes.

quindecagon quindecagons n
piętnastokąt
(geometry) A polygon with fifteen sides and fifteen angles.

quinine /kwɪˈniːn/ /ˈkwaɪ.naɪn/ /ˈkwɪn.aɪn/ /ˈkwɪn.iːn/ quinines n
chinina
(pharmaceutical drug) An alkaloid with the chemical formula C₂₀H₂₄N₂O₂ originally derived from cinchona bark (from plants of the genus Cinchona) used to treat malaria and as an ingredient of tonic water, which presents as a bitter colourless powder; also, a drug containing quinine or a chemical compound derived from it. [from early 19th c.]

quinoa /kiˈnoʊ.ə/ /kiːˈnəʊ.ə/ /ˈkinˌwɑ/ /ˈkiːn.wɑː/ quinoas n
komosa ryżowa kwinoa
A goosefoot (Chenopodium quinoa) native to the Andes and cultivated for its edible seeds.

quinolone /ˈkwɪnələʊn/ /ˈkwɪnəˌloʊn/ quinolones n
chinolon

quinone /ˈkwɪnəʊn/ quinones n
chinon
(organic compound) Any of a class of aromatic compounds having two carbonyl functional groups in the same six-membered ring.

quinonic adj
chinonowy

quinquagenarian /ˌkwɪŋkwəd͡ʒəˈnɛɹiən/ /ˌkwɪŋkwəd͡ʒɪˈnɛəɹɪən/ adj
pięćdziesięciolatek pięćdziesięciolatka

quinquennium /kwɪnˈkwɛnɪəm/ /kwɪŋˈkwɛniəm/ /kwɪŋˈkwɛnɪəm/ quinquennia quinquenniums n
pięciolecie
A period of five years.

quinternion quinternions n
kwinternion
(bookbinding) Five gathered sheets of paper folded in two for binding together.

quintessence /kwɪn.ˈtɛs.əns/ /kwɪn.ˈtɛs.ɪns/ quintessences n
kwintesencja
A thing that is the most perfect example of its type; the most perfect embodiment of something; epitome, prototype.

quintet /kwɪnˈtɛt/ quintets n
kwintet
(music) A composition (a type of chamber music) in five parts (typically each a singer or instrumentalist, sometimes several musicians)
(music) A group of five musicians, fit to play such a piece of music together
Any group of five members

quintillion /kwɪnˈtɪljən/ quintillions numeral
trylion
(US, modern British & Australian, short scale) A billion billion: 1 followed by eighteen zeros, 1018.

quirk /kwɜːk/ /kwɝk/ quirks n
dziwactwo
An idiosyncrasy; a slight glitch, mannerism; something unusual about the manner or style of something or someone.

quirky /ˈkwɜːki/ quirkier quirkiest adj
dziwaczny
Given to quirks or idiosyncrasies; strange in a somewhat silly, awkward manner, potentially cute.

quisling /ˈkwɪz.lɪŋ/ quislings n
kolaborant kolaborantka zdrajca zdrajczyni
(pejorative) A traitor who collaborates with the enemy. [from 1940]

quite /kwaɪt/ adv
całkiem całkowicie
To the greatest extent or degree; completely, entirely.
In a fully justified sense; truly, perfectly, actually.
całkiem
To a moderate extent or degree; somewhat, rather. [from 19th c.]

quite a few determiner
sporo
An indefinite and somewhat large number; more than a few; a fair number of.

quite the contrary adv
wręcz przeciwnie

quitting time quitting times n
fajrant
The time when a day's work ends, and an employee may go home.

quiver /ˈkwɪvə/ /ˈkwɪvɚ/ quivers n
kołczan drżenie
(weaponry) A container for arrows, crossbow bolts or darts, such as those fired from a bow, crossbow or blowgun.

quiver /ˈkwɪvə/ /ˈkwɪvɚ/ v
drżeć
(intransitive) To shake or move with slight and tremulous motion.

quixotic /kiˈɑtɪk/ /kiːˈzɑtɪk/ /kwɪkˈsɑtɪk/ /kwɪkˈsɒtɪk/ /kwɪɡˈzɑtɪk/ more quixotic most quixotic adj
donkiszocki donkiszotowski
Resembling or characteristic of the Spanish chivalric hero Don Quixote; possessed with or resulting from the desire to do noble and romantic deeds, without thought of realism and practicality; exceedingly idealistic.

quixotism /ˈkwɪksəˌtɪzm/ quixotisms n
donkiszoteria donkiszotyzm
A form of idealism and delusion which leads to extravagant and absurd undertakings or sacrifices in obedience to a morbidly romantic ideal of duty or honor, as illustrated by the exploits of Don Quixote in knight-errantry.

quixotry /ˈkwɪksətɹi/ quixotries n
donkiszoteria donkiszotyzm
A wild, visionary idea, an eccentric notion or act; a quixotism.

quiz /kwɪz/ [kʰw̥ɪz] quizzes n
kwiz quiz turniej
A competition in the answering of questions.
kartkówka
(education) A school examination of less importance, or of greater brevity, than others given in the same course.

quod /kwɑd/ /kwɒd/ quods n
więzienie
(countable) A quadrangle or court, as of a prison; a prison.

quod erat demonstrandum quae erant demonstranda phraseologicalUnit
co było do okazania co było do udowodnienia

quoll /ˈkwoʊl/ /ˈkwɒl/ /ˈkwəʊl/ quolls n
niełaz
Any of the various carnivorous marsupials of the genus Dasyurus found in Australia and New Guinea, roughly the size of a cat.

quorum /ˈkwɔː.ɹəm/ /ˈkwɔːɹəm/ quora quorums n
kworum quorum
The minimum number of members required for a group to officially conduct business and to cast votes, often but not necessarily a majority or supermajority.

quota /ˈkwoʊtə/ /ˈkwəʉtə/ /ˈkwəʊtə/ [ˈkwoʊɾə] [ˈkwəʉɾə] quotas n
dola przydział
A proportional part or share; the share or proportion assigned to each in a division.
norma
A prescribed number or percentage that may serve as, for example, a maximum, a minimum, or a goal.
kontyngent
(business, economics) A restriction on the import of something to a specific quantity.

quotation /kwoʊˈteɪʃən/ quotations n
wycena
A price that has been quoted for buying or selling.

quotation marks /kwoʊˈteɪʃən mɑɹks/ /kwəʊˈteɪʃən mɑːks/ n
cudzysłów
Note: These languages use “◌”-style marks or other styles as indicated. Some are singular and some plural.

quote /kwəʊt/ quotes n
cytat cudzysłów
A quotation; a statement attributed to a person.
wycena
A summary of work to be done with a set price.

quote /kwəʊt/ v
cytować zacytować wyceniać
(transitive) To prepare a summary of work to be done and set a price.

quotidian /kwəˈtɪdɪən/ /kwɵˈtɪdɪən/ more quotidian most quotidian adj
codzienny
Happening every day; daily. [from 15th c.]
codzienny potoczny powszedni
Having the characteristics of something which can be seen, experienced, etc, every day or very commonly. [from 15th c.]

quotient /ˈkwoʊʃənt/ /ˈkwəʊʃənt/ quotients n
iloraz
(arithmetic) The number (either a fraction or an integer) resulting from the division of one number by another.
(mathematics) By analogy, the result of any process that is the inverse of multiplication as defined for any mathematical entities other than numbers.

rabbi /ˈɹæ.baɪ/ rabbies rabbis n
rabin
A Jewish scholar or teacher of halacha (Jewish law), capable of making halachic decisions.

rabbinate /ˈɹæbɪnət/ rabbinates n
rabinat
The office or function of a rabbi.

rabbinic /ɹəˈbɪnɪk/ /ˌɹæˈbɪnɪk/ adj
rabinacki rabiniczny
Relating to rabbis.
rabiniczny
Formulated or enacted by rabbis.

rabbinical /ɹəˈbɪnəkəl/ adj
rabiniczny
Of or relating to rabbis, their writings, or their work.

rabbit /ˈɹæbət/ /ˈɹæbɪt/ rabbits n
królik trusia król truś
A mammal of the family Leporidae, with long ears, long hind legs and a short, fluffy tail.
królik
(uncountable) The fur of a rabbit typically used to imitate another animal's fur.
zając
A runner in a distance race whose goal is mainly to set the pace, either to tire a specific rival so that a teammate can win or to help another break a record; a pacesetter.

rabbitlike more rabbitlike most rabbitlike adj
króliczy
Similar to a rabbit, or an aspect of a rabbit (for example, its shape, behaviors, or other traits).

rabble /ˈɹæbəl/ rabbles n
motłoch hałastra hołota
A mob; a disorderly crowd. [from late 14th c.]
bydło męty
(derogatory) The mass of common people; the lowest class of populace. [from 1550s]

rabble rouser rabble rousers n
podżegacz
(idiomatic) Someone or something that tends to inspire mobs; something controversial or provocative.

rabid /ˈɹeɪbɪd/ /ˈɹæbɪd/ rabider rabidest adj
wściekły
Affected with rabies.

rabies /ˈɹeɪ.biːz/ n
wścieklizna
(disease) An infectious disease caused by species of Lyssavirus that causes acute encephalitis in warm-blooded animals and people, characterised by abnormal behaviour such as biting, excitement, aggressiveness, and dementia, followed by paralysis and death.

raccoon /ɹæˈkun/ /ɹəˈkun/ /ɹəˈkuːn/ raccoons n
szop
An omnivorous, nocturnal mammal native to North America, typically with a mixture of gray, brown, and black fur, a mask-like marking around the eyes and a striped tail; Procyon lotor.

raccoon dog raccoon dogs n
jenot
The canid Nyctereutes procyonoides, the only extant species in the genus Nyctereutes of the Canidae or dog family, native to East Asia and widely introduced elsewhere in other cool parts of Eurasia.

race /ɹeɪs/ races n
wyścig gonitwa
A contest between people, animals, vehicles, etc. where the goal is to be the first to reach some objective.
rasa
A large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage.
A large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of common physical characteristics, such as skin color or hair type.
A large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of shared characteristics or qualities, for example social qualities.
A group of sentient beings, particularly people, distinguished by common ancestry, heritage or characteristics (see Wikipedia's article on historical definitions of race):
(animal husbandry) A breed or strain of domesticated animal.
(biology) A population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics; a mating group.
bieżnia
(engineering) A ring with a groove in which rolling elements (such as balls) ride, forming part of a rolling-element bearing (for example, a ball bearing).

race /ɹeɪs/ v
biegać ścigać
(intransitive) To take part in a race (in the sense of a contest).
biec pędzić
(intransitive) To move or drive at high speed; to hurry or speed.

race against time races against time n
wyścig z czasem
(idiomatic) A situation in which something must be done hurriedly, before a deadline.

racehorse racehorses n
koń wyścigowy
A horse that competes in races.

racemate /ˈɹeɪsɪmeɪt/ /ˈɹæsɪmeɪt/ racemates n
mieszanina racemiczna racemat
(chemistry) a racemic mixture

racer /ˈɹeɪsə/ /ˈɹeɪsəɹ/ racers n
zawodniczka zawodnik
Someone who takes part in a race.

racetrack /ˈɹeɪsˌtɹæk/ racetracks n
bieżnia tor wyścigowy
A course over which any type of races are run.

racewalker racewalkers n
chodziarka chodziarz
One who participates in the sport of racewalking.

racewalking n
chód sportowy
(sports) A sport in which people try to walk as fast as possible, subject to the constraint that at least one foot must be on the ground at all time (or else they would be running).

racial /ˈɹeɪʃəl/ more racial most racial adj
rasowy
Of or relating to a race (or a people).

racing driver racing drivers n
automobilista automobilistka samochodziarz
(motor racing) a person whose profession is driving racing cars.

racism /ˈɹeɪsɪzm̩/ racisms n
rasizm
Prejudice or discrimination based upon race or ethnicity; (countable) an action of such discrimination.

racist /ˈɹeɪ.sɪst/ /ˈɹæɪ.sɪst/ more racist most racist adj
rasistowski
Constituting, exhibiting, advocating, or pertaining to racism.

racist /ˈɹeɪ.sɪst/ /ˈɹæɪ.sɪst/ racists n
rasista rasistka
A person who believes in or supports racism; a person who believes that a particular race is superior to others, or who discriminates against other races.

racistly more racistly most racistly adv
rasistowsko
In a racist manner.

rack /ɹæk/ racks n
regał
A series of one or more shelves, stacked one above the other
wieszak
Any of various kinds of frame for holding luggage or other objects on a vehicle or vessel.
żeberka
A cut of meat involving several adjacent ribs.
bufory zderzaki
(slang, vulgar) A woman's breasts.

rack and pinion rack and pinions racks and pinions n
zębatka
A pair of gears, consisting of a circular pinion that engages with the teeth of a flat bar, that converts rotational into linear motion; used in the steering mechanism of cars, and in some railways.

rack one's brain v
zachodzić w głowę łamać sobie głowę
(figuratively) To struggle to think of or remember something.

racket /ˈɹækɪt/ rackets n
rakieta
(countable, sports) An implement with a handle connected to a round frame strung with wire, sinew, or plastic cords, and used to hit a ball, such as in tennis or a birdie in badminton.
hałas harmider wrzawa
A loud noise.

raconteur /ˌɹæk.ɑnˈtɝ/ /ˌɹæk.ɒnˈtəː/ /ˌɹæk.ɔ̃(n)ˈtəː/ /ˌɹæk.ɔ̃(n)ˈtɝ/ raconteurs n
gawędziarka gawędziarz
A storyteller, especially a person noted for telling stories with skill and wit.

rada radas n
rada
(politics) A parliamentary body in a number of Slavic countries.

radar /ˈɹeɪ.dɑɹ/ /ˈɹeɪ.dɑː(ɹ)/ [ˈɹeɪ.ɾɑɹ] radars n
radar radiolokator
(uncountable) A method of detecting distant objects and determining their position, velocity, or other characteristics by analysis of sent radio waves (usually microwaves) reflected from their surfaces

radian /ˈɹeɪdiən/ radians n
radian
(geometry) In the International System of Units, the derived unit of plane angular measure of angle equal to the angle subtended at the centre of a circle by an arc of its circumference equal in length to the radius of the circle. Symbol: rad.

radiance /ˈɹeɪdi.əns/ radiances n
blask
The quality or state of being radiant; shining, bright or splendid.
radiancja
(physics) The flux of radiation emitted per unit solid angle in a given direction by a unit area of a source.

radiation /ɹaɪ.di.ˈaɪ.ʃən/ /ɹæ.di.ˈeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɹeɪ.di.ˈeɪ.ʃən/ radiations n
promieniowanie
The shooting forth of anything from a point or surface, like diverging rays of light.
The process of radiating waves or particles.
promieniowanie radiacja
Radioactive energy.

radiation sickness radiation sicknesses n
choroba popromienna
(medicine, pathology) Any illness produced by ionizing radiation with symptoms ranging from nausea to death.

radiator /ˈreːdijeː(j)tɐ/ /ˈrædɪeɪ̯tə/ /ˈrɛjdɪjɛjtə/ /ˈɹej.di(j)ˌej.tɚ/ radiators n
emiter
Anything which radiates or emits rays.
radiator
(automotive) A device that lowers engine coolant temperature by conducting heat to the air, through metal fins.
kaloryfer grzejnik
(of buildings) A finned metal fixture that carries hot water or steam in order to heat a room.

radical /ˈɹædɪkəl/ more radical most radical adj
radykalny
Favoring fundamental change, or change at the root cause of a matter.
Thoroughgoing; far-reaching.
rodnik
(chemistry, not comparable) Involving free radicals.

radical /ˈɹædɪkəl/ radicals n
radykał
A person with radical opinions.
(algebra, commutative algebra, ring theory, of an ideal) Given an ideal I in a commutative ring R, another ideal, denoted Rad(I) or \sqrt{I}, such that an element x ∈ R is in Rad(I) if, for some positive integer n, xn ∈ I; equivalently, the intersection of all prime ideals containing I.
pierwiastek
(arithmetic) A root (of a number or quantity).
klucz pierwiastek radykał
(linguistics) In logographic writing systems such as the Chinese writing system, the portion of a character (if any) that provides an indication of its meaning, as opposed to phonetic.
rodnik
(organic chemistry) A free radical.

radicalism radicalisms n
radykalizm

radicalization radicalizations n
radykalizacja
the process of radicalizing

radicalize v
radykalizować zradykalizować
(intransitive) To become radical; to adopt a radical political stance.

radio /ˈɹeɪdiˌoʊ/ /ˈɹeɪdiˌəʊ/ radios n
radio
(uncountable) The technology that allows for the transmission of sound or other signals by modulation of electromagnetic waves.
radio radioodbiornik
(countable) A device that can capture (receive) the signal sent over radio waves and render the modulated signal as sound.
radio radionadajnik radiostacja
(countable) A device that can transmit radio signals.

radio astronomy n
radioastronomia
The branch of astronomy which utilizes radio waves through the use of radio telescopes to study celestial bodies and occurrences.

radio beacon radio beacons n
radiolatarnia
(communication, aviation, nautical, navigation) A beacon that emits radio wave signals to guide ships or aircraft or to indicate the position of a ship, aircraft, or other object, person, or vehicle.

radio drama /ˈɹeɪdiˌoʊ dɹɑmə/ /ˈɹeɪdiˌəʊ dɹɑːmə/ radio dramas n
słuchowisko
Dramatized, purely acoustic performance, broadcast on radio or published on audio media, such as tape or CD.

radio silence /ˈɹeɪ.di.oʊ ˌsaɪ.ləns/ /ˈɹeɪ.di.əʊ ˌsaɪ.ləns/ radio silences n
cisza radiowa
(figurative) A period of time during which nothing is heard from a person or organization, especially when such communication would normally be expected.

radio station radio stations n
radiostacja
An installation of a radio transmitter, and possibly a receiver, for the purpose of broadcasting or communication; usually refers to a broadcast station in non-technical usage.

radio telescope radio telescopes n
radioteleskop
(astronomy) A device for observing astronomical sources of radio waves, normally having one or more large parabolic dishes.

radio wave radio waves n
fala radiowa
(physics) electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength between about .5 centimeters and 30,000 meters; used for the broadcasting of radio and television signals.

radio- prefix
radio-
radiation, radioactive
radio (broadcasting)

radioactive /ˌɹeɪdioʊˈaktɪv/ /ˌɹeɪdioʊˈæktɪv/ more radioactive most radioactive adj
radioaktywny promieniotwórczy
Exhibiting radioactivity.

radioactive dating radioactive datings n
datowanie izotopowe datowanie promieniotwórcze radiochronologia radiodatowanie
The process of determining the age of a material by estimating the amount of radioactive decay of one or more radioisotopes present in the material when it was formed.

radioactive fallout radioactive fallouts n
opad promieniotwórczy
Material settling from a radioactive plume, and its subsequent surface deposition.

radioactive waste radioactive wastes n
odpady promieniotwórcze
Waste containing radioactive nuclides.

radioactivity radioactivities n
radioaktywność promieniotwórczość
Spontaneous emission of ionizing radiation as a consequence of a nuclear reaction, or directly from the breakdown of an unstable nucleus.
The radiation so emitted; including gamma rays, alpha particles, neutrons, electrons, positrons, etc.

radiocarbon dating radiocarbon datings n
datowanie radiowęglowe
(physics, archaeology, paleontology) A method of estimating the age of an artifact or biological vestige based on the relative amounts of the different isotopes of carbon present in a sample.

radiochemistry n
radiochemia
(chemistry) the chemistry of radioactive substances

radiocommunication radiocommunications n
radiokomunikacja
Any means of communication using radio or other electromagnetic waves

radiogram /-oʊ-/ /ˈɹeɪ.di.əˌɡɹæm/ /ˈɹeɪ.dɪ.ə(ʊ).ɡɹæm/ radiograms n
radiogram
(telegraphy, historical) Synonym of radiotelegram (“a message, like a telegram, transmitted by wireless telegraphy”)

radiograph radiographs n
radiogram
An image, often a photographic negative, produced by radiation other than ordinary light; especially an X-ray photograph.

radioisotope radioisotopes n
radioizotop
(physics) a radioactive isotope of an element

radiolocation radiolocations n
radiolokacja

radiological adj
radiologiczny
Of or pertaining to radiation, radioactivity or nuclear weapons.

radiologist /ˌɹeɪ.diːˈɒl.ə.dʒɪst/ radiologists n
radiolog
A person who is skilled in or practices radiology.

radiology n
radiologia
(medicine) The specialty of medical imaging and its interpretation, originally and especially radiography#Noun but now including all imaging modalities, including ones that use no radiation#Noun (such as ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging).

radiometer radiometers n
radiometr
A device that measures radiant energy.

radionuclide radionuclides n
radionuklid
(physics) a radioactive nuclide

radiophonic adj
radiofoniczny
Describing sound effects created to accompany radio broadcasts as background music.
(obsolete) Of or pertaining to the radiophone.

radiotelegram radiotelegrams n
radiogram radiotelegram
(telegraphy, historical) A message, like a telegram, transmitted by wireless telegraphy.

radiotherapy radiotherapies n
radioterapia
Synonym of radiation therapy.

radish /ˈɹadɪʃ/ /ˈɹædɪʃ/ /ˈɹɛdɪʃ/ radishes n
rzodkiewka rzodkiew
A plant of the Brassicaceae family, Raphanus sativus or Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus, having an edible root.

radium /ˈɹeɪ.di.əm/ /ˈɹeɪ.dɪ.əm/ radiums n
rad
The chemical element (symbol Ra) with an atomic number of 88. It is a soft, shiny and silvery radioactive alkaline earth metal.

radius /ˈɹeɪ.di.əs/ radii radiuses n
kość promieniowa
(zoology) The lighter bone (or fused portion of bone) in the forelimb of an animal.
promień
(geometry) The length of this line segment.

radix /ɹeɪ.dɪks/ radices radixes n
podstawa
(mathematics) The number of distinct symbols used to represent numbers in a particular base, as ten for decimal.

radon /ˈɹeɪdɒn/ n
radon
The chemical element (symbol Rn, formerly Ro) with atomic number 86. It is an odorless, colorless, chemically inert but radioactive noble gas.

raffinose raffinoses n
rafinoza
(carbohydrate) A trisaccharide, composed of galactose, glucose and fructose, that is widely distributed in many plants.

raffle /ˈɹæfl̩/ raffles n
losowanie
A drawing, often held as a fundraiser, in which tickets or chances are sold to win a prize.

raft /ɹæft/ /ɹɑːft/ rafts n
tratwa
A flat-bottomed craft able to float and drift on water, used for transport or as a waterborne platform.

rafter /ˈɹæftəɹ/ /ˈɹɑːftə(ɹ)/ rafters n
krokiew
(architecture) One of a series of sloped beams that extend from the ridge or hip to the downslope perimeter or eave, designed to support the roof deck and its associated loads.

rafting /ˈɹæftɪŋ/ /ˈɹɑːftɪŋ/ n
rafting spływ rzeczny
The sport of guiding a raft while descending a river, especially through rapids known as white water rafting.

rag /ɹæɡ/ rags n
szmata łachman ścierka łach
A piece of old cloth, especially one used for cleaning, patching, etc.; a tattered piece of cloth; a shred or tatter.
obdartus obszarpaniec
A shabby, beggarly fellow; a ragamuffin.
szmatławiec
(slang, pejorative) A newspaper or magazine, especially one whose journalism is considered to be of poor quality.

rag doll rag dolls n
szmaciana lalka
A doll made from cloth and stuffed with rags.

ragamuffin /ˈɹæɡəˌmʌfɪn/ ragamuffins n
obdartus łachmaniarz
A dirty, shabbily-clothed child; an urchin.

rage /ɹeɪd͡ʒ/ rages n
wściekłość szał amok
Violent uncontrolled anger.

ragman ragmen n
gałganiarka gałganiarz szmaciara szmaciarka szmaciarz
A person who collects and sells unwanted household items such as rags and other refuse for a living, a rag and bone man.

ragout /ɹæˈɡuː/ /ˈɹæɡuː/ ragouts n
ragoût ragu
a stew of meat and vegetables mixed together

ragpicker ragpickers n
gałganiarka gałganiarz szmaciara szmaciarka szmaciarz
A person who collects and sells unwanted household items such as rags and other refuse for a living, a rag and bone man (UK) or ragman (US).

ragweed ragweeds n
ambrozja
A plant of the genus Ambrosia. These weeds are particularly noted for producing pollen which people with hay fever are allergic to.

raid /ɹeɪd/ raids n
najazd najście nalot
An attack or invasion for the purpose of making arrests, seizing property, or plundering.

raider /ˈɹeɪdɚ/ raiders n
grabieżca łupieżca
One who engages in a raid; a plunderer.

rail /ɹeɪl/ [ɹeɪɫ] rails n
szyna
The metal bar forming part of the track for a railroad.

rail transport n
kolejnictwo
The transport of passengers and goods by means of wheeled vehicles specially designed to run on railways or railroads.

railcar railcars n
autobus szynowy szynobus
(rail) A self-propelled railway vehicle for passengers, similar to a bus.
autobus szynowy drezyna spalinowa szynobus wagon silnikowy
(rail) A powered single railway vehicle designed for passenger transport, with a driver's cab in both ends; Not to be confused with motor coach/motorcar, which is a powered railway vehicle capable to haul a train.

railing /ˈɹeɪlɪŋ/ railings n
reling
A fence or barrier consisting of one or more horizontal rails and vertical supports.

railless adj
bezszynowy

railroad car railroad cars n
wagon
(US) Any railway vehicle or rolling stock.

railroad tie railroad ties n
podkład
(rail transport, US) A heavy, preserved piece of hewn timber laid crossways to and supporting the rails of a railroad or a member of similar shape and function of another material such as concrete.

railroad track railroad tracks n
tory kolejowe
(rail, US) A pair of formed steel rails, separated and supported usually on wooden or concrete ties or sleepers, forming a track along which flange-wheeled railroad vehicles may travel.

railway /ˈɹeɪlˌweɪ/ railways n
kolej kolej żelazna
(chiefly, UK, Ireland, and, Commonwealth) A transport system using rails used to move passengers or goods.
kolej linia kolejowa
(chiefly, UK, Ireland, and, Commonwealth) A track, consisting of parallel rails, over which wheeled vehicles such as trains may travel.

railway gun railway guns n
działo kolejowe
(military) A massive and heavy mobile artillery gun, built, transported by, and fired from a specially designed rail car.

railway line railway lines n
linia kolejowa
(chiefly, UK) A group of railway tracks running parallel, allowing one track to be used for each direction (a double-track railway line), or allowing segregation of fast trains from stopping trains (a four-track railway line).

railway station railway stations n
stacja kolejowa
(British) A place where trains stop for passengers to embark and disembark.

railwayman railwaymen n
kolejarz
A man who works on a railway.

rain /ɹeɪn/ rains n
deszcz
Condensed water falling from a cloud.
(figuratively) Any matter moving or falling, usually through air, and especially if liquid or otherwise figuratively identifiable with raindrops.
(figuratively) An instance of particles or larger pieces of matter moving or falling through air.

rain /ɹeɪn/ v
deszcz pada dżdżyć padać
(impersonal) To have rain fall from the sky.

rain cats and dogs v
lać jak z cebra
(impersonal, idiomatic) To rain very heavily.

rain gauge rain gauges n
deszczomierz pluwiometr
(meteorology) A device used in meteorology to measure rainfall.

rain shadow rain shadows n
cień opadowy

rainbow /ˈɹeɪmboʊ/ /ˈɹeɪnboʊ/ /ˈɹeɪnbəʊ/ adj
tęczowy
Multicolored, especially if in rainbow order.

rainbow /ˈɹeɪmboʊ/ /ˈɹeɪnboʊ/ /ˈɹeɪnbəʊ/ rainbows n
tęcza dęga pijawa
A multicoloured arch in the sky, produced by prismatic refraction of light within droplets of rain in the air.
wachlarz
(often used with “of”) A wide assortment; a varied multitude.

rainbow trout rainbow trout rainbow trouts n
pstrąg tęczowy
(usually, countable) A trout of the species Oncorhynchus mykiss, that has black spots and a pink streak running along the body.

raincoat /ˈɹeɪnkoʊt/ /ˈɹeɪnkəʊt/ raincoats n
płaszcz przeciwdeszczowy
A waterproof coat to be worn in the rain.

raindrop /ˈɹeɪndɹɑp/ /ˈɹeɪndɹɒp/ raindrops n
kropla deszczu
A single droplet of rainwater that has just fallen or is falling from the sky.

rainforest rainforests n
las deszczowy
A forest in a climate with high annual rainfall and no dry season.

rainless adj
bezdeszczowy
Without rain.

rainlessly adv
bezdeszczowo
In a rainless way; without rain.

rainwater rainwaters n
deszczówka
Water (for a house etc) sourced from rain which has not joined a spring, stream or river, pond, lake or sea.

rainy /ˈɹeɪni/ rainier rainiest adj
deszczowy dżdżysty
Pouring with rain; wet; showery

rainy day rainy days n
czarna godzina
(idiomatic) A difficult period of need, in reference to a time when money will be needed.

rainy season rainy seasons n
pora deszczowa
The portion of the year during which the most rain falls.

raion raions n
rejon
An administrative unit of some Eastern European and Asian states.

raise /ɹeɪz/ raises n
podwyżka
(US) Ellipsis of pay raise.: an increase in wages or salary.

raise /ɹeɪz/ v
hodować uprawiać chować podnieść uzyskać wychowywać
To bring into being; to produce; to cause to arise, come forth, or appear.
podnieść
(arithmetic) To exponentiate, to involute.

raise one's voice v
podnieść głos podnosić głos

raise the alarm v
bić na alarm uderzać na alarm uderzyć na alarm

raise the bar v
podnieść poprzeczkę podnosić poprzeczkę
(idiomatic) To raise standards or expectations, especially by creating something to a higher standard.

raised bog raised bogs n
torfowisko wysokie

raisin /ˈɹeɪzən/ /ˈɹiːzən/ raisins n
rodzynek rodzynka
A dried grape.

raison d'être /ˌɹeɪzɒ̃ ˈdɛtɹə/ /ˌɹɛzɒ̃ ˈdɛtɹə/ raison d'être raison d'êtres raisons d'être n
racja bytu
Reason for being. The claimed reason for the existence of something or someone; the sole or ultimate purpose of something or someone.

rajah /ˈɹɑː.d͡ʒə/ /ˈɹɑː.ʒə/ rajahs n
radża
A Hindu prince or ruler in India.

rake /ɹeɪk/ rakes n
grabie
(agriculture, horticulture) A garden tool with a row of pointed teeth fixed to a long handle, used for collecting debris, grass, etc., for flattening the ground, or for loosening soil; also, a similar wheel-mounted tool drawn by a horse or a tractor.

rake /ɹeɪk/ v
grabić ostrzeliwać zgarniać zgrabić
(ambitransitive, also, figurative) To move (a beam of light, a glance with the eyes, etc.) across (something) with a long side-to-side motion; specifically (often, military) to use a weapon to fire at (something) with a side-to-side motion; to spray with gunfire.
grabić zgarniać zgrabić
To act upon with a rake, or as if with a rake.
przeczesywać
(ambitransitive, figurative) To search through (thoroughly).

rale /ɹeɪl/ /ɹæl/ /ɹɑl/ /ɹɑːl/ rales n
rzężenia
(medicine, now, chiefly, in plural) An abnormal clicking, rattling or crackling sound, made by one or both lungs and heard with a stethoscope, caused by the popping open of airways collapsed by fluid or exudate, or sometimes by pulmonary edema.

rally /ˈɹæli/ rallies n
manifestacja wiec
A public gathering or mass meeting that is not mainly a protest and is organized to inspire enthusiasm for a cause.
rajd
(motor racing) An event in which competitors drive through a series of timed special stages at intervals. The winner is the driver who completes all stages with the shortest cumulative time.

ram /ɹæm/ rams n
baran tryk
(zoology, agriculture) A male sheep, typically uncastrated.
siłownik
A piston powered by hydraulic pressure.

rambling /ˈɹæm.blɪŋ/ ramblings n
rozwlekły
A long meandering talk with no specific topic or direction.

rambutan [ɹamˈbjʉːtən] [ɹæmˈbuːtən] rambutans n
rambutan
A tree, Nephelium lappaceum, of Southeast Asia.
The fruit of this tree.

ramekin /ˈɹæm(ɪ)kɪn/ ramekins n
kokilka
A cheese- or meat-based dish baked in a small mold.

ramen /ɹɑːmən/ ramens n
ramen
Soup noodles of wheat, with various ingredients (Japanese style)

ramie /ˈɹeɪmi/ /ˈɹæmi/ ramies n
szczmiel
(usually, countable) A tall, tropical Asian perennial herb, Boehmeria nivea, cultivated for its fibrous stems.

ramification /ɹæmɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ /ˌɹæməfəˈkeɪʃən/ ramifications n
rozgałęzienie
(botany, anatomy, also, figurative) A branching-out, the act or result of developing branches; specifically the divergence of the stem and limbs of a plant into smaller ones, or of similar developments in blood vessels, anatomical structures etc.
(mathematics) An arrangement of branches.
skutek uboczny
(figurative, often, in plural) An offshoot of a decision, fact etc.; a consequence or implication, especially one which complicates a situation.

rampart /ˈɹæm.pɑː(ɹ)t/ ramparts n
szaniec wał obronny
A defensive mound of earth or a wall with a broad top and usually a stone parapet; a wall-like ridge of earth, stones or debris; an embankment for defensive purpose.
szaniec
That which defends against intrusion from outside; a protection.

rampart /ˈɹæm.pɑː(ɹ)t/ v
bronić ochraniać
To defend with a rampart; fortify or surround with a rampart.

rampion /ˈɹæmpɪən/ rampions n
zerwa
Any of several flowering plants of the genus Phyteuma, within the family Campanulaceae.

ramrod /ˈɹæmɹɒd/ ramrods n
stempel sztępel
(firearms) Device used with muzzleloaders to push the projectile up against the propellant.

ramshackle /ˈɹæmˌʃæk.əl/ more ramshackle most ramshackle adj
rozklekotany rozpadający się
In disrepair or disorder; poorly maintained; lacking upkeep, usually of buildings or vehicles.

ramskin ramskins n
baran baranica

ramsons n
czosnek niedźwiedzi trzemucha
A wild relative of chives, Allium ursinum, having edible leaves and roots.

ranch /ɹænt͡ʃ/ /ɹɑːntʃ/ ranches n
rancho ranczo
A small farm that cultivates vegetables and/or livestock, especially one in the Southwestern United States.

rancid /ˈɹænsɪd/ more rancid most rancid adj
zjełczały
Rank in taste or smell.

rancidification rancidifications n
jełczenie
decomposition of fats and other lipids by hydrolysis and/or oxidation; process of becoming rancid

rancor /ˈɹæŋ.kɚ/ rancors n
uraza żal
(American spelling) A feeling of long-lasting ire for another, sometimes to the point of hatred, over a perceived wrongdoing; bitterness.

rancorous /ˈɹæŋ.kəɹ.əs/ more rancorous most rancorous adj
rozgoryczony rozżalony zajadły
Full of rancor; bitter; unforgiving.

random /ˈɹændəm/ more random most random adj
przypadkowy losowy
Having unpredictable outcomes and, in the ideal case, all outcomes equally probable; resulting from such selection; lacking statistical correlation.
losowy
(mathematics) Of or relating to probability distribution.
losowy pseudolosowy
(computing) Pseudorandom; mimicking the result of random selection.
przeciętny statystyczny
(somewhat, colloquial) Representative and undistinguished; typical and average; selected for no particular reason.
bez związku od czapy
(somewhat, colloquial) Apropos of nothing; lacking context; unexpected; having apparent lack of plan, cause, or reason.

random function random functions n
funkcja random
(computing) A function that returns a random or pseudo-random value that is distributed according to a specific probability distribution associated with the function.

random number /ˈɹæn.dəm ˈnʌm.bɚ/ random numbers n
liczba losowa
A number selected based on a uniform distribution, typically using a suitable generator (for example, rolling a die).

random variable random variables n
zmienna losowa
(statistics, formally) A measurable function from a sample space to the measurable space of possible values of the variable.

randomness /ˈɹændəmnəs/ randomnesses n
losowość
The property of all possible outcomes being equally likely.

range /ɹeɪnd͡ʒ/ ranges n
pasmo górskie
A line or series of mountains, buildings, etc.
kuchenka piec
A fireplace; a fire or other cooking apparatus; now specifically, a large cooking stove with many hotplates.
gama paleta wachlarz wybór
Selection, array.
strzelnica
An area for practicing shooting at targets.
zasięg
The maximum distance or reach of capability (of a weapon, radio, detector, etc.).
pastwisko
An area of open, often unfenced, grazing land.
areał obszar występowania zasięg
(ecology) The geographical area or zone where a species is normally naturally found.

range pole range poles n
tyczka geodezyjna
A rod or pole, marked with alternating red and white bands, used by surveyors for sighting

rangefinder rangefinders n
dalmierz
Any of several designs of optical (or other) instrument that is used to measure the distance to an object

rank /ɹæŋk/ ranks n
szeregi
rząd
(chess) One of the eight horizontal lines of squares on a chessboard (i.e., those identified by a number).
(linear algebra) The maximal number of linearly independent columns (or rows) of a matrix.
ranga godność stopień
A hierarchical level in an organization such as the military.

ranking /ˈɹæn.kɪŋ/ /ˈɹæŋ.kɪŋ/ rankings n
klasyfikacja ranking
One’s relative placement in a list.

rankle /ˈɹæŋ.kəl/ v
boleć dręczyć
(transitive, or, intransitive) To cause irritation or deep bitterness.
jątrzyć zaognić
(intransitive) To fester.

ransack /ˈɹænsæk/ v
plądrować
(transitive) To loot or pillage. See also sack.

ransom /ˈɹænsəm/ ransoms n
okup
(historical, legal, UK) A sum paid for the pardon of some great offence and the discharge of the offender; also, a fine paid in lieu of corporal punishment.

ransom /ˈɹænsəm/ v
odkupić odkupywać
To pay a price to set someone free from captivity or punishment.

ransomware n
oprogramowanie szantażujące oprogramowanie wymuszające okup ransomware
(computer security) Malware that holds the data of a computer user for ransom, usually requiring or claiming to require payment to restore access.

rant /ɹænt/ rants n
tyrada
A criticism done by ranting.
pieklenie się tyrada żołądkowanie się
A wild, emotional, and sometimes incoherent articulation.

rant /ɹænt/ v
produkować się
To criticize by ranting.

rap /ɹæp/ v
rapować
(ambitransitive) To speak (lyrics) in the style of rap music.

rap music n
rap
(music genre) Hip-hop music, especially when focused on rapping.

rapacious /ɹəˈpeɪ.ʃəs/ more rapacious most rapacious adj
pazerny
(also, figurative) Voracious; avaricious.

rape /ɹeɪp/ rapes n
gwałt
The act of forcing sex upon another person without their consent or against their will; originally coitus forced by a man on a woman, but now generally any sex act forced by any person upon another person; by extension, any non-consensual sex act forced on or perpetrated by any being. [from 15th c.]

rape /ɹeɪp/ v
naruszyć
(transitive) To carry (someone, especially a woman) off against their will, especially for sex; to abduct. [from 15th c.]
(transitive) To plunder, to destroy or despoil. [from 17th c.]
(slang, sometimes, offensive) To overpower, destroy (someone); to trounce. [from 20th c.]
gwałcić zgwałcić
(chiefly, transitive) To force sexual intercourse or other penetrative sexual activity upon (someone) without their consent. [from 16th c.]

rape culture rape cultures n
kultura gwałtu
(agriculture) The cultivation (growing or production) of rape.
A culture, environment or society where rape (a form of sexual assault) is common, and in which social attitudes or practices work to trivialize sexual violence, make rape seem normal, or shift responsibility from rapists to rape victims. [from 20th c.]

rapeseed rapeseeds n
rzepak
The seed of the rape plant, Brassica napus, used widely for animal feed and vegetable oil.

rapid /ˈɹæpɪd/ more rapid most rapid rapider rapidest adj
szybki
Very swift or quick.

rapid /ˈɹæpɪd/ rapids n
bystrze bystrzyna szypot progi
(often, in the plural) A rough section of a river or stream which is difficult to navigate due to the swift and turbulent motion of the water.

rapid eye movement rapid eye movements n
REM
Fast movement of the eyes, characterising REM sleep

rapidity /ɹəˈpɪdɪti/ rapidities n
szybkość
speed, swiftness; the condition of being rapid

rapidly /ˈɹæpɪdli/ more rapidly most rapidly adv
szybko
With speed; in a rapid manner.

rapist /ˈɹeɪpɪst/ rapists n
gwałciciel gwałcicielka
A person who has committed rape.

rapper /ˈɹæpɚ/ rappers n
raper
(music) A performer of rap music, or someone who raps in any form of music.

rapt /ˈɹæpt/ more rapt most rapt adj
wniebowzięty
(comparable) Enthusiatic; ecstatic, elated, happy.

rara avis /-ˈæviːs/ /-ˈævɪs/ /-ˈɑːviːs/ /-ˈɑːvɪs/ /ˌɹɑɹi ˈeɪvis/ /ˌɹɑɹə ˈeɪvɪs/ /ˌɹɑːɹaɪ-/ /ˌɹɑːɹiː ˈeɪviːs/ /ˌɹɑːɹə ˈeɪvɪs/ /ˌɹɛː-/ /ˌɹɛːɹaɪ-/ /ˌɹɛːɹiː-/ rara avises rarae aves raræ aves n
biały kruk
(figuratively) A rare or unique, and thus outstanding or unusual, person or thing; a rare bird.

rare /ɹɛə(ɹ)/ /ɹɛɚ/ /ɹɛɹ/ [ɹɜɹ] more rare most rare rarer rarest adj
rzadki
Very uncommon; scarce.
krwisty
(cooking) Particularly of meat, especially beefsteak: cooked very lightly, so the meat is still red.

rare earth element rare earth elements n
metal ziem rzadkich
(chemistry) Any of a group of seventeen soft, lustrous, sometimes magnetic metals that form trivalent salts; they include the lanthanides plus yttrium, scandium, thorium and sometimes zirconium.

rarefied more rarefied most rarefied adj
rozrzedzony
(of a gas etc.) Less dense than usual; thin.

rarefy /ˈɹɛəɹəˌfaɪ/ v
rafinować rozcieńczać rozcieńczyć rozrzedzać rozrzedzić zrafinować
(transitive) To make rare, thin, porous, or less dense.
rafinować zrafinować
(intransitive) To become rare, thin or less dense.

rarely /ɹeə.liː/ /ɹeəɹliː/ /ˈɹɛəɹli/ /ˈɹɛːli/ more rarely most rarely rarelier rareliest adv
rzadko
Not occurring at a regular interval; seldom; not often. [from 16th c.]

rarity /ˈɹæ.ɹɪ.tɪ/ /ˈɹɛə.ɹə.ti/ /ˈɹɛɹ.ə.ti/ rarities n
rzadkość
A measure of the scarcity of an object.
rarytas biały kruk
A rare object.

rascal /ˈɹæskl̩/ /ˈɹɑːskl̩/ more rascal most rascal adj
hołota
(archaic) Low; lowly, part of or belonging to the common rabble.

rascal /ˈɹæskl̩/ /ˈɹɑːskl̩/ rascals n
łajdak ancymon szubrawiec łotr urwis łobuziak
Sometimes diminutive: a cheeky person or creature; a troublemaker.

rash /ɹæʃ/ rashes n
wysypka
(dermatology, symptom) An area of inflamed and irritated skin characterized by reddened spots that may be filled with fluid or pus; also, preceded by a descriptive word (rare, or, obsolete) , an illness characterized by a type of rash.
lawina
An outbreak or surge in problems; a spate, string, or trend.

rasp /ɹæsp/ /ɹɑːsp/ rasps n
tarnik raszpla
A coarse file, on which the cutting prominences are distinct points raised by the oblique stroke of a sharp punch, instead of lines raised by a chisel, as on the true file.

raspberry /ˈɹæzbɹi/ /ˈɹæzˌbɛɹi/ /ˈɹɑːzb(ə)ɹi/ raspberrier raspberriest adj
malinowy
Containing or having the flavor/flavour of raspberries.

raspberry /ˈɹæzbɹi/ /ˈɹæzˌbɛɹi/ /ˈɹɑːzb(ə)ɹi/ raspberries n
malina
The plant Rubus idaeus.
The juicy aggregate fruit of these plants.
prychnięcie
(colloquial) A noise intended to imitate the passing of flatulence, made by blowing air out of the mouth while the tongue is protruding from and pressed against the lips, or by blowing air through the lips while they are pressed firmly together or against skin (often a form of tickling) used humorously or to express derision.
malinowy malina
A red colour, the colour of a ripe raspberry.

rassolnik rassolniks n
zupa ogórkowa
A soup in Russian cuisine made from pickled cucumbers.

raster graphics n
bitmapa grafika bitmapowa grafika rastrowa
(computing) A data file or structure representing a generally rectangular grid of pixels, or points of colour, on a computer monitor, paper, or other display medium.

rat /ɹæt/ rats n
szczur
(zoology) A medium-sized rodent belonging to the genus Rattus.
donosiciel kapuś szpicel
(informal) A scab: a worker who acts against trade union policies.

rat /ɹæt/ v
donosić kapować sypać
(intransitive, with on or out) To inform on someone; to betray someone to the police or authorities. [from 20th c.]

rat race rat races n
wyścig szczurów
(informal) An activity or situation which is congested with participants and which is hectic or tedious, especially in the context of a busy, modern urban lifestyle.

ratafia /ˌɹætəˈfiːə/ ratafias n
ratafia
A liqueur or cordial flavored with peach or cherry kernels, bitter almonds, or other fruits.

ratatouille /ɹæt.əˈtuː.i/ /ɹæt.əˈtwiː/ ratatouilles n
ratatuj
A traditional French Provençal stewed vegetable dish consisting primarily of tomatoes, zucchini and eggplant.

ratcatcher ratcatchers n
szczurołap
One who catches rats; particularly one who does so professionally.

ratchet /ˈɹæt͡ʃɪt/ ratchets n
mechanizm zębatkowo-zapadkowy
A mechanism composed of a ratchet wheel, or ratch and pawl.

rate /ɹeɪt/ rates n
tempo
The proportional relationship between one amount, value etc. and another. [from 15th c.]
szybkość
The relative speed of change or progress. [from 18th c.]
cena taryfa
The price of (an individual) thing; cost. [from 16th c.]
cennik stawka taryfa
A set price or charge for all examples of a given case, commodity, service etc. [from 16th c.]
akord cennik stawka taryfa
A wage calculated in relation to a unit of time.
opłata
Any of various taxes, especially those levied by a local authority. [from 17th c.]

rate /ɹeɪt/ v
oceniać ocenić
(transitive) To assign or be assigned a particular rank or level.

rate of climb rates of climb n
prędkość wznoszenia
(aviation) The rate at which an aircraft gains altitude. A negative rate of climb implies descent.

rather /ˈɹaː.ðə/ /ˈɹæ.ðə/ /ˈɹæðɚ/ /ˈɹɑː.ðə(ɹ)/ /ˈɹʌ.ðə(ɹ)/ /ˌɹɑːˈðɜː(ɹ)/ adv
raczej
Used to specify a choice or preference; preferably, in preference to. (Now usually followed by than) [from 9th c.]
(conjunctive) Used to introduce a contradiction; on the contrary. [from 14th c.]
(conjunctive) Introducing a qualification or clarification; more precisely. (Now usually preceded by or.) [from 15th c.]
dosyć dość
(degree) Somewhat, quite; to an unexpected degree. [from 16th c.]

rather than conjunction
a nie
Used to indicate that the following alternative is less preferred.

rather than preposition
a nie zamiast
instead of; in preference to.

ratification ratifications n
ratyfikacja
The act or process of ratifying, or the state of being ratified.

ratify /ˈɹætəfaɪ/ /ˈɹætɪfaɪ/ v
ratyfikować zatwierdzać zatwierdzić
(transitive) To give formal consent to; make officially valid, sign off on.

ratio /ˈɹeɪ.si.əʊ/ /ˈɹeɪ.ʃi.əʊ/ /ˈɹeɪ.ʃiˌoʊ/ /ˈɹeɪ.ʃoʊ/ /ˈɹeɪ.ʃəʊ/ ratios n
stosunek współczynnik
A number representing a comparison between two named things.
stosunek
(arithmetic) The relative magnitudes of two quantities (usually expressed as a quotient).

ration /ˈɹæʃən/ rations n
racja
A portion of some limited resource allocated to a person or group.

ration stamp ration stamps n
kartka żywnościowa

rational /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/ more rational most rational adj
racjonalny rozsądny
Logically sound; not self-contradictory or otherwise absurd.
racjonalny wymierny
(mathematics, arithmetic, number theory, not comparable) Of a number, capable of being expressed as the ratio of two integers.
racjonalny
(mathematics, arithmetic, not comparable) Of an algebraic expression, capable of being expressed as the ratio of two polynomials.

rational number rational numbers n
liczba wymierna
(mathematics) A number that can be expressed as the ratio of two integers.

rationale /ˌɹæʃ.əˈnæl/ /ˌɹæʃ.əˈnɑːl/ rationales rationalia n
przesłanki
An explanation of the basis or fundamental reasons for something.
racjonał
(rare, religion) A liturgical vestment worn by some Christian bishops of various denominations.
uzasadnienie
A justification or rationalization for something.

rationalism rationalisms n
racjonalizm
(philosophy) The theory that the reason is a source of knowledge independent of and superior to sense perception.

rationality rationalities n
racjonalność
The quality or state of being rational; due exercise of reason; reasonableness.

rationalization rationalizations n
racjonalizacja
The process or result of rationalizing.

rationally more rationally most rationally adv
racjonalnie
In a rational manner

rationing rationings n
racjonowanie reglamentacja
Controlled distribution of scarce resources such as food or fuel; used typically in wartime.

ratite /ˈɹætaɪt/ ratites n
bezgrzebieniowiec
A bird of the order of Struthioniformes, a diverse group of large running, flightless birds, mostly extinct, but including the cassowary, elephant bird, emu, kiwi, moa, ostrich, rhea and tinamou

ratline /ˈɹætlɪn/ ratlines n
wyblinka
(nautical) Any of the cross ropes between the shrouds, which form a net-like ropework, allowing sailors to climb up towards the top of the mast. [from 17th c.]

ratshit /ˈɹæt.ʃɪt/ n
gówno szczura
(vulgar, literal, or, figurative) The excrement of a rat.

rattail /ˈɹæt.teɪl/ rattails n
mysi ogonek
A hairstyle characterized by a long lock of tail-like hair dangling from the back of the head.

rattle /ˈɹæ.təl/ [ˈɹæ.tɫ̩] rattles n
grzechotka
A baby’s toy designed to make sound when shaken, usually containing loose grains or pellets in a hollow container. [from 16th c.]
grzechotka charczenie rzężenie
(zoology) The set of rings at the end of a rattlesnake's tail which produce a rattling sound. [from 17th c.]
grzechotka gruchawka klekotka kołatka trajkotka
(musical instruments) A musical instrument that makes a rattling sound. [from 17th c.]
charczenie rzężenie
(onomatopoeia) A rapid succession of percussive sounds, as made by loose objects shaking or vibrating against one another. [from 16th c.]
A rough noise produced in the throat by air passing through obstructed airways; croup; a death rattle. [from 18th c.]
grzechotanie klekotanie trajkotanie
Rattling sound.
klekotka trajkotka
A noisy, senseless talker; a jabberer. [from 17th c.]
paplanie paplanina trajkotanie
(now, rare) Noisy, rapid talk; babble. [from 17th c.]

rattle /ˈɹæ.təl/ [ˈɹæ.tɫ̩] v
grzechotać
(transitive, ergative) To create a rattling sound by shaking or striking.
charczeć grzechotać rzęzić
(intransitive) To make a rattling noise; to make noise by or from shaking.

rattlesnake /ˈɹæt.əlˌsneɪk/ rattlesnakes n
grzechotnik
Any of various venomous American snakes, of genera Crotalus and Sistrurus, having a rattle at the end of its tail.

rattrap rattraps n
pułapka na myszy
A device (trap) used to catch rats.

raucous /ˈɹɑkəs/ /ˈɹɔkəs/ /ˈɹɔːkəs/ more raucous most raucous adj
ochrypły
Harsh and rough-sounding.
hałaśliwy
Disorderly and boisterous.

ravelin ravelins n
rawelin
An outwork. A fortification outside a castle used to split an attacking force; composed of two faces, forming a salient angle whose gorge resembles a half-moon

raven /ˈɹeɪvən/ adj
kruczoczarny kruczy
Of the color of the raven; jet-black

raven /ˈɹeɪvən/ ravens n
kruk
(countable) Any of several, generally large and lustrous black species of birds in the genus Corvus, especially the common raven, Corvus corax.

ravenous /ˈɹævənəs/ more ravenous most ravenous adj
zachłanny żarłoczny
Very hungry.

ravenous hunger n
wilczy apetyt wilczy głód łapczywość
(This entry is a translation hub.)

ravine /ɹəˈviːn/ ravines n
wąwóz jar
A deep narrow valley or gorge in the earth's surface worn by running water.

raving /ˈɹeɪvɪŋ/ ravings n
brednie
(usually, in the plural) Wild, incoherent, or irrational talk.

ravioli raviolis n
ravioli
Small square parcels of pasta filled with meat, cheese, spinach etc.

ravishing more ravishing most ravishing adj
czarowny zachwycający
Extremely beautiful

raw /ɹɑ/ /ɹɔ/ /ɹɔː/ rawer rawest adj
surowy
(cooking) (of food) Not cooked. [from 9th c.]
Not treated or processed; in a natural state, unrefined, unprocessed. [from 10th c.] (of materials, products, etc.)
Crude in quality; rough, uneven, unsophisticated. [from 16th c.]

raw data n
surowe dane
(data management, statistics) Data that have not been analyzed or processed.

raw material raw materials n
surowiec
A material in its unprocessed, natural state considered usable for manufacture.
(figuratively) Any physical product serving as input to a factory or other installation which processes it.

ray /ɹeɪ/ rays n
płaszczka
A marine fish with a flat body, large wing-like fins, and a whip-like tail.
promień
(botany) A radiating part of a flower or plant; the marginal florets of a compound flower, such as an aster or a sunflower; one of the pedicels of an umbel or other circular flower cluster; radius.
promień półprosta
(mathematics) A line extending indefinitely in one direction from a point.

rayless adj
bezpromienny
Lightless, gloomy.

rayon /ˈɹeɪɒn/ rayons n
sztuczny jedwab
A manufactured regenerated cellulosic fiber.

raze /ɹeɪz/ v
zburzyć
(transitive) To demolish; to level to the ground.

razor /ˈɹeɪzə/ /ˈɹeɪzɚ/ razors n
brzytwa
A keen-edged knife of peculiar shape, used in shaving the hair from the face or other parts of the body.
Any tool or instrument designed for shaving.
szabla
The sharp tusk of a wild boar.

razor blade razor blades n
żyletka
A replaceable cartridge in which razor blades are set, fitted into a razor.

razor clam razor clams n
okładniczka
A clam of several species in superfamily Solenoidea, with long curved shells resembling straight razors.

razor wire razor wires n
drut ostrzowy
A form of securing wire similar to barbed wire, but with a series of short blades instead of barbs. Also, a length thereof.

razorbill razorbills n
alka alka krzywonosa
A large black and white auk, Alca torda, native to the north Atlantic.

re- /ɹiː/ /ɹə/ /ɹɪ/ prefix
od- prze-
again, anew

re-Polonizing adj
repolonizacyjny
That restore or restores to a Polish or more Polish character (however conceived); that Polonize or Polonizes; Polonizing again.

re-evaluate /ɹiːɪˈvæljuːeɪt/ v
przewartościować przewartościowywać
(transitive) To evaluate again; reassess; revisit; reconsider.

reach /ɹiːt͡ʃ/ reaches n
zasięg
The ability to reach or touch with the person, a limb, or something held or thrown.
rozciągnięcie sięgnięcie
The power of stretching out or extending action, influence, or the like; power of attainment or management; extent of force or capacity.
rozciągłość
Extent; stretch; expanse; hence, application; influence; result; scope.

reach /ɹiːt͡ʃ/ v
docierać dosięgać dosięgnąć dotrzeć
(transitive) To give to someone by stretching out a limb, especially the hand; to give with the hand; to pass to another person; to hand over.
sięgać docierać dosięgać dosięgnąć dotrzeć sięgnąć
(transitive, by extension) To extend an action, effort, or influence to; to penetrate to; to pierce, or cut.
dosięgać dosięgnąć
(transitive) To extend to; to stretch out as far as; to touch by virtue of extent.

reach for the stars v
sięgać gwiazd sięgnąć gwiazd
To have high hopes; to be ambitious.

reach out v
nawiązać kontakt nawiązywać kontakt odezwać się odzywać się
(intransitive, originally, business, followed by to) To attempt to initiate communication with someone; to contact.

react /ɹiːˈækt/ v
reagować zareagować
(physics, intransitive) To return an impulse or impression; to resist the action of another body by an opposite force
(chemistry, intransitive) To act upon each other; to exercise a reciprocal or a reverse effect, as two or more chemical agents; to act in opposition.
(chemistry, transitive) To cause chemical agents to react; to cause one chemical agent to react with another.

reactance reactances n
reaktancja
(physics, electrics) The opposition to the change in flow of current in an alternating current circuit, due to inductance and capacitance; the imaginary part of the impedance. Symbol: X.

reaction /ɹiˈækʃən/ reactions n
reakcja
An action or statement in response to a stimulus or other event.

reactionary /ɹiˈæk.t͡ʃəˌnɛɚ.i/ /ɹiˈæk.t͡ʃɪˌnɛɚ.i/ /ɹiˈæk.ʃəˌnɛɚ.i/ /ɹiˈæk.ʃɪˌnɛɚ.i/ /ɹiˈækʃən(ə)ɹi/ more reactionary most reactionary adj
reakcjonistyczny reakcyjny
(politics) Favoring a return to an alleged golden age of the past; anti-progressive.
(chemistry) Of, pertaining to, participating in, or inducing a chemical reaction.
In reaction to; as a result of.

reactionary /ɹiˈæk.t͡ʃəˌnɛɚ.i/ /ɹiˈæk.t͡ʃɪˌnɛɚ.i/ /ɹiˈæk.ʃəˌnɛɚ.i/ /ɹiˈæk.ʃɪˌnɛɚ.i/ /ɹiˈækʃən(ə)ɹi/ reactionaries n
reakcjonista
(politics) One who is opposed to progress and change and wants to reverse it, wishing for a return to an alleged golden age of the past.

reactivation reactivations n
reaktywacja
The activation of something previously inactive or inactivated.

reactive /ɹiːˈæktɪv/ more reactive most reactive adj
aktywny
(chemistry) that readily takes part in reactions

reactively more reactively most reactively adv
bodźcowo
In a reactive fashion.

reactivity reactivities n
aktywność
(chemistry) relative susceptibility to chemical reaction

reactor /ɹiˈæktɚ/ /ɹiːˈæktə/ reactors n
reaktor
(chemistry, engineering) A structure used to contain chemical or other reactions.
(nuclear physics) A device which uses atomic energy to produce heat.
reagent
(chemistry) A chemical substance which responds to the presence of, or contact with, another substance.

read /ɹid/ /ɹiːd/ reads n
lektura
A reading or an act of reading, especially of an actor's part of a play or a piece of stored data.

read /ɹid/ /ɹiːd/ v
czytać przeczytać
(transitive, or, intransitive) To look at and interpret letters or other information that is written.
(transitive) To interpret, or infer a meaning, significance, thought, intention, etc., from.
czytać odczytać odczytywać
(transitive, or, intransitive) To speak aloud words or other information that is written. (often construed with a to phrase or an indirect object)
czytać
(ergative) Of text, etc., to be interpreted or read in a particular way.
czytać studiować
(transitive, frequently, _, jocular) To substitute (a corrected piece of text in place of an erroneous one); used to introduce an emendation of a text.

read between the lines v
czytać między wierszami
(idiomatic) To infer a meaning that is not stated explicitly.

read like a book v
czytać jak w otwartej księdze

read the room v
wyczuwać klimat wyczuć klimat

read up v
podkuwać się podkuć się
To learn (about something) by reading.

read-only memory read-only memories n
pamięć tylko do odczytu
(computing) A computer memory chip that stores values but does not allow updates, in which the values are nonvolatile in that they are retained even when the computer is unpowered.

readability /ˌɹiːdəˈbɪlɪti/ readabilities n
czytelność
The property of being capable of being read; legibility.

readdress v
przeadresować przeadresowywać
(transitive) To change the address of.

reader /ˈɹidɚ/ /ˈɹiːdə/ readers n
czytelnik czytelniczka
A person who reads a publication.
czytnik
Any device that reads something.

readiness /ˈɹɛd.i.nəs/ readinesses n
gotowość
The state or degree of being ready; preparedness.

reading /ˈɹidiŋ/ /ˈɹiːdɪŋ/ [ˈɹiɾiŋ] [ˈɹiːɾɪŋ] readings n
czytanie lektura
The process of interpreting written language.
czytanie
An event at which written material is read aloud.
(politics, law) One of several stages a bill passes through before becoming law.

reading glasses n
okulary do czytania
Any type of spectacles intended chiefly to deal with the effects of presbyopia by magnifying details such as fine text.

reading material reading materials n
lektura
Anything produced for the purpose of being read; a collective term for books, magazines, newspapers, etc.

reading room reading rooms n
czytelnia
A dedicated space in a library, or similar institution of learning, set aside for reading.

ready /ˈɹɛd.i/ readier readiest adj
gotowy
Prepared for immediate action or use.

ready meal ready meals n
gotowe danie gotowy posiłek
A prepackaged, fresh or frozen meal that only requires heating (often in a microwave) before being served, sometimes in its own packaging.

reagent /ɹi.ˈeɪ.d͡ʒənt/ reagents n
reagent odczynnik
(chemistry) A compound or mixture of compounds used to treat or test materials, samples, other compounds or reactants in a laboratory or sometimes an industrial setting.

real /ɹiːl/ /ɹɪə̯l/ /ˈɹi.jəl/ /ˈɹiːəl/ more real most real realer realest adj
prawdziwy
True, genuine, not merely nominal or apparent.
Genuine, unfeigned, sincere.
realny
That has objective, physical existence.
(economics) Having been adjusted to remove the effects of inflation; measured in purchasing power (contrast nominal).
(economics) Relating to the result of the actions of rational agents; relating to neoclassical economic models as opposed to Keynesian models.
(mathematics, of a number) Being either a rational number, or the limit of a convergent infinite sequence of rational numbers: being one of a set of numbers with a one-to-one correspondence to the points on a line.
realny rzeczowy
(legal) Relating to immovable tangible property.

real /ɹeɪˈɑl/ /ɹeɪˈɑːl/ reais reals n
real
Former unit of currency of Spain and Spain's colonies.
A unit of currency used in Brazil since 1994. Symbol: R$.

real McCoy n
autentyk

real deal real deals n
autentyk

real estate /ˈɹiːl əˌsteɪt/ n
nieruchomość
(US, Canada, Australia) Property that cannot easily be moved, usually buildings and the ground they are built on.

real life real lives n
real życie
Life outside of a contrived or fantastical environment; often used in comparison to events depicted in drama.

real number real numbers n
liczba rzeczywista
(mathematics) The limit of a convergent sequence of rational numbers, whether the limit is a rational number such as 2, -5, or 2/7 or whether the limit is an irrational number such as the square root of two or the circumference of the circle whose radius is one.

real socialism n
realny socjalizm
pragmatic socialism, practical socialism, a form of socialism which attempts to reach tangible goals perceived to be feasible instead of primarily focusing on adherence to Marxist-Leninist theory.

real time /ˈɹiːl ˈtaɪm/ /ˈɹiːəl ˈtaɪm/ n
czas rzeczywisty
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see real,‎ time.

real world real worlds n
real
The realm of human experience comprising physical objects, and excluding theoretical constructs, hypotheses, artificial environments, and "virtual" worlds such as the Internet, computer simulations, or the imagination.

real-time /ˈɹiːltaɪm/ /ˈɹiːəltaɪm/ adj
w czasie rzeczywistym
(computing) Of a system: that responds to events or signals within a predictable time after their occurrence; specifically the response time must be within the maximum allowed, but is typically synchronous.

real-valued adj
o wartościach rzeczywistych
(analysis, of a function) Having only real values: having as its codomain the set of real numbers or a subset thereof.

realgar /ɹiˈæl.ɡɑɹ/ /ɹiˈæl.ɡɑː/ /ɹiˈæl.ɡə/ /ɹiˈæl.ɡɚ/ realgars n
realgar
(mineral) A mineral, arsenic sulfide (AsS), often associated with orpiment and stibnite in lead, silver and gold ores.

realia /ɹeɪˈɑːlɪə/ /ɹiːˈeɪlɪə/ n
realia
Objects from real life or from the real world, as opposed to theoretical constructs or fabricated examples.

realist /ˈɹɪəlɪst/ realists n
autentysta realista
(philosophy) An advocate of realism; one who believes that matter, objects etc. have real existence beyond our perception of them.
realista
One who believes in seeing things the way they really are, as opposed to how they would like them to be.

realistic /ˌɹiːjəˈlɪstɪk/ /ˌɹɪəˈlɪstɪk/ more realistic most realistic adj
realistyczny
Expressed or represented as being accurate, practicable, or not idealistic.

realistically more realistically most realistically adv
realistycznie
In a realistic manner.

reality /ɹiˈæləti/ /ɹiˈælɪti/ realities n
rzeczywistość realność
The state of being actual or real; realness.
rzeczywistość
A real entity, event, or other fact.
An individual observer's own subjective perception of that which is real.
rzeczywistość jawa
The entirety of all that is real.

reality show reality shows n
reality show
A reality television program.

realization /-laɪˈzeɪʃən/ /ˌɹiə-/ /ˌɹiəlɪˈzeɪʃən/ /ˌɹɪəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ realizations n
realizacja
The act of making real.
The result of an artistic effort.
uświadomienie
An act of figuring out or becoming aware.

realize /ˈɹi.ə.laɪz/ /ˈɹɪə.laɪz/ v
realizować urzeczywistniać zrealizować tworzyć urzeczywistnić ziszczać
(slightly formal, transitive) To make real; to convert from the imaginary or fictitious into reality; to bring into real existence
zdać sobie sprawę spostrzec uświadomić sobie zdawać sobie sprawę
(transitive) To become aware of (a fact or situation, especially of something that has been true for a long time).
(transitive, business) To acquire as an actual possession; to obtain as the result of plans and efforts; to gain; to get
realizować
(transitive) To cause to seem real to other people.

really /ˈɹeɪlɪ/ /ˈɹi.əli/ /ˈɹili/ /ˈɹɪli/ /ˈɹɪə.li/ /ˈɹɪə.liː/ [-li] [ˈɹʷeə̯ɫiː] [ˈɹʷiə̯-] [ˈɹʷɪə̯lɪ] [ˈɹʷɪː-] more really most really adv
naprawdę zaiste zaprawdę
(modal) Actually; in fact; in reality.
naprawdę
(informal, as an intensifier) Very (modifying an adjective); very much (modifying a verb).

really /ˈɹeɪlɪ/ /ˈɹi.əli/ /ˈɹili/ /ˈɹɪli/ /ˈɹɪə.li/ /ˈɹɪə.liː/ [-li] [ˈɹʷeə̯ɫiː] [ˈɹʷiə̯-] [ˈɹʷɪə̯lɪ] [ˈɹʷɪː-] interjection
czyżby doprawdy naprawdę
(informal) Indicating surprise at, or requesting confirmation of, some new information; to express skepticism.
naprawdę właśnie
(informal, chiefly, US) Indicating affirmation, agreement.
doprawdy
(informal) Indicating displeasure at another person's behaviour or statement.

realm /ɹɛlm/ realms n
sfera
An abstract sphere of influence, real or imagined.
domena
The domain of a certain abstraction.
królestwo
(formal, or, legal) A territory or state, as ruled by a specific power, especially by a king.

realpolitik /ɹeɪˈɑlpoʊlɪˌtik/ /ɹeɪˈɑːlpɒlɪˌtiːk/ /ɹiˈɑlpoʊlɪˌtik/ realpolitiks n
Realpolitik
(politics) Pragmatic government policy concerned with perceived interests of the state.

ream /ɹiːm/ reams n
ryza
A bundle, package, or quantity of paper, nowadays usually containing 500 sheets.

ream /ɹiːm/ v
poszerzać rozwiercać
(transitive) To enlarge (a hole), especially using a reamer; to bore (a hole) wider.

reamer /ˈɹi.məɹ/ reamers n
rozwiertak
A tool for boring a hole wider.

reanimation reanimations n
reanimacja
The act of reanimating; a second or subsequent animation.

reap /ɹip/ /ɹiːp/ v
kosić żąć
(transitive) To cut (for example a grain) with a sickle, scythe, or reaping machine

reap what one sows /ˌɹip wɑt wʌn ˈsoʊz/ /ˌɹiːp (h)wɒt wʌn ˈsəʊz/ v
nawarzyłeś piwa, to musisz je teraz wypić
(intransitive, idiomatic) To receive as a return or reward in the same measure as one's exertions or intentions, in a good or a bad sense; to receive justice or one's just deserts.

reaper /ˈɹiːpɚ/ reapers n
żeniec żniwiarz
One who reaps; a person employed to harvest crops from the fields by reaping.

rear /ɹɪ(ə)ɹ/ /ɹɪə/ adj
tylny zadni
Being behind, or in the hindmost part; hindmost

rear /ɹɪ(ə)ɹ/ /ɹɪə/ v
stanąć dęba
(intransitive) To rise up on the hind legs
(transitive, literary) To raise physically or metaphorically; to lift up; to cause to rise, to elevate.

rear-view mirror rear-view mirrors n
lusterko wsteczne
A mirror inside a vehicle that allows the driver to see the traffic behind.

rearguard /ˈɹɪəɹˌɡɑɹd/ rearguards n
ariergarda straż tylna
(military) The rearmost part of a force, especially a detachment of troops that protect the rear of a retreating force.

rearm v
przezbrajać przezbroić remilitaryzować
To replace or restore the weapons or arms of a previously defeated, or disarmed army, country, person or other body.

rearmament rearmaments n
przezbrojenie
The process of rearming.

reason /ˈɹiːzən/ reasons n
powód racja
An excuse: a thought or a consideration offered in support of a determination or an opinion; that which is offered or accepted as an explanation.
przyczyna powód
That which causes something: an efficient cause, a proximate cause.
rozum
(uncountable) Rational thinking (or the capacity for it); the cognitive faculties, collectively, of conception, judgment, deduction and intuition.

reason /ˈɹiːzən/ v
rozumować
(intransitive) To deduce or come to a conclusion by being rational
przekonać przekonywać
(intransitive) To perform a process of deduction or of induction, in order to convince or to confute; to argue.

reasonable /ˈɹiː.zən.ə.bəl/ /ˈɹiːz.nə.bəl/ [ˈɹɪiz.nə.bəl] more reasonable most reasonable adj
uzasadniony
Just; fair; agreeable to reason.
rozsądny
Not expensive; fairly priced.
satysfakcjonujący
Satisfactory.

reasoning /ˈɹiːzənɪŋ/ reasonings n
argumentacja dowodzenie
(uncountable) The deduction of inferences or interpretations from premises, abstract thought, ratiocination; (countable) any instance of this, especially as a process leading to an action, motive.

reasonless more reasonless most reasonless adj
bezprzyczynowy

reasonlessness n
bezprzyczynowość

reassortant adj
mający materiał genetyczny z wielu wirusów

reassumption reassumptions n
reasumpcja
Assumption again or anew.

reassure /ɹiəˈʃʊə(ɹ)/ /ɹiəˈʃʊɹ/ v
upewniać upewnić
(transitive) To assure anew; to restore confidence to; to free from fear or self-doubt.

reave /ɹiːv/ v
grabić ograbić plądrować splądrować
(archaic) To plunder, pillage, rob, pirate, or remove.

rebel /ˈɹɛbəl/ rebels n
buntownik buntowniczka powstaniec
A person who resists an established authority, often violently.

rebel /ɹɪˈbɛl/ v
buntować się
(intransitive) To resist or become defiant toward an authority.

rebellion /ɹɪˈbɛl.i.ən/ rebellions n
bunt rebelia powstanie rewolta
(uncountable) Armed resistance to an established government or ruler.
bunt
(countable) Defiance of authority or control; the act of rebelling.

rebetiko rebetika n
rebetiko
(music genre, in plural) This style of music; such music as a genre. [from 20th c.]

rebirth /ɹiˈbɜːθ/ /ɹiˈbɝθ/ rebirths n
odrodzenie
Revival, reinvigoration.

rebook v
przebukować przebukowywać
(ambitransitive) To book again.

reboot /ɹiːˈbuːt/ /ˈɹiːbuːt/ reboots n
ponowne uruchomienie ponowny rozruch restart
(computing) An instance of rebooting.

reboot /ɹiːˈbuːt/ /ˈɹiːbuːt/ v
uruchomić ponownie
(computing, ambitransitive) To execute a computer's boot process, effectively resetting the computer and causing the operating system to reload, possibly after a system failure.

reborn adj
wskrzeszony
(often, _, postpositive) Reincarnated.

rebuild /ɹiːˈbɪld/ /ˈɹiːbɪld/ v
odbudować odbudowywać
(ambitransitive) To build again or anew.

rebuke /ɹiˈbjuːk/ /ɹɪˈbjuːk/ rebukes n
besztanina zbesztanie
(of a person) A harsh criticism.

rebuke /ɹiˈbjuːk/ /ɹɪˈbjuːk/ v
zbesztać besztać rugać zrugać
(of a person) To criticise harshly; to reprove.

rebus /ˈɹibəs/ /ˈɹiːbəs/ rebi rebuses rebusses n
rebus
An arrangement of pictures, symbols, and/or words representing phrases or words, especially as a word puzzle.

rebut /ɹɪ.ˈbʌt/ v
odrzucać
To drive back or beat back; to repulse.
obalać
To deny the truth of something, especially by presenting arguments that disprove it.

recall /ɹiˈkɑl/ /ɹiˈkɔl/ /ɹɪˈkɑl/ /ɹɪˈkɔl/ /ɹɪˈkɔːl/ /ˈɹiˌkɑl/ /ˈɹiˌkɔl/ /ˈɹiːkɔːl/ [ɹiˈkʰɑɫ] [ɹɪˈkʰɑɫ] recalls n
odwołanie pamięć pokrycie przywołanie

recapitulation /ɹiː.kəˌpɪ.t͡ʃəˈleɪ.ʃ(ə)n/ /ˌɹiːkəˌpɪtjʊˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ recapitulations n
streszczenie
(theology) The symmetry provided by Christ's life to the teachings of the Old Testament; the summation of human experience in Jesus Christ.

recede /ɹɪˈsiːd/ v
wycofać się wycofywać się
To move back; to retreat; to withdraw.

receipt /ɹɪˈsiːt/ receipts n
przyjęcie
The act of receiving, or the fact of having been received.
paragon kwit
A written acknowledgment that a specified article or sum of money has been received.

receive /ɹɪˈsiːv/ v
otrzymać dostać
To take, as something that is offered, given, committed, sent, paid, etc.; to accept; to be given something.

receiver /ɹəˈsi.vɚ/ /ɹɪˈsiː.və/ receivers n
odbiorca biorca odbiorczyni
A person who receives.
odbiornik
Any of several electronic devices that receive electromagnetic waves, or signals transmitted as such. [from 19th c.]
słuchawka
The part of a telephone handset contained in the earpiece; (hence) the handset itself; an earpiece. [from 19th c.]

receivership receiverships n
zarząd syndyka
(legal, business) A form trusteeship of bankruptcy administration in which a receiver is appointed to run the company for the benefit of the creditors.

recent /ˈɹiːsənt/ more recent most recent adj
niedawny ostatni świeży
Having happened a short while ago.

recently /ˈɹiːsəntli/ more recently most recently adv
niedawno ostatnio ostatnimi czasy
In the recent past

reception /ɹɪˈsɛp.ʃn̩/ receptions n
odbiór przyjęcie
The act of receiving.
zasięg odbiór
(uncountable, electronics) The act or ability to receive radio or similar signals.
przyjęcie odbiór
A social engagement, usually to formally welcome someone.
recepcja odbiór
The desk of a hotel or office where guests are received.

receptionist /ɹɪˈsɛpʃənɪst/ receptionists n
recepcjonista recepcjonistka
An employee (such as a secretary) who works in reception (receiving visitors and/or calls) for a person or business, especially an office.

receptive /ɹəˈsɛptɪv/ /ɹɪˈsɛptɪv/ more receptive most receptive adj
chłonny
Capable of receiving something.

receptor /ɹɪˈsɛp.tə/ /ɹɪˈsɛp.tɚ/ receptors n
receptor
(biochemistry, medicine) A protein on a cell wall that binds with specific molecules so that they can be absorbed into the cell in order to control certain functions.
(biology) Any specialized cell or structure that responds to sensory stimuli.

recess /ɹiˈsɛs/ /ɹəˈsɛs/ /ɹɪˈsɛs/ /ˈɹiˌsɛs/ /ˈɹiːsɛs/ recesses n
zakamarek
(countable) A depressed, hollow, or indented space; also, a hole or opening.
(figuratively, usually, in the plural) An obscure, remote, or secret situation.
(countable) An act of retiring or withdrawing from public life, society, etc.; also, an act of living in retirement or seclusion, or a period of such retirement or seclusion.

recession /ɹɪˈsɛʃn̩/ recessions n
recesja
The act or an instance of receding or withdrawing.
(economics) A period of reduced economic activity

recharge one's batteries v
naładować akumulatory ładować akumulatory

recidivism recidivisms n
recydywa
Committing new offenses after a crime committed in the past.

recidivist /ɹɪˈsɪdəvɪst/ /ɹɪˈsɪdɪvɪst/ recidivists n
recydywista recydywistka
One who falls back into prior habits, especially criminal habits.

recipe /ˈɹɛs.ə.pi/ /ˈɹɛs.ɪ.pi/ recipes n
przepis recepta
By extension, a plan or procedure to obtain a given end result; a prescription. [from 17th c.]
przepis
Now especially, a set of instructions for making or preparing food dishes. [from 18th c.]

recipient /ɹəˈsɪp.i.ənt/ /ɹɪ.ˈsɪ.pi.ənt/ recipients n
biorca odbiorca odbiorczyni
One who receives.
biorca
(medicine) An individual receiving donor organs or tissues.

reciprocal /ɹɪˈsɪpɹək(ə)l/ adj
wzajemny obopólny obustronny
Of a feeling, action or such: mutual, uniformly felt or done by each party towards the other or others; two-way.
odwrotny
Done, given, felt, or owed in return.

reciprocal /ɹɪˈsɪpɹək(ə)l/ reciprocals n
odwrotność
(arithmetic) The number obtained by dividing 1 by another given number; the result of exchanging the numerator and the denominator of a fraction.

recital /ɹɪˈsaɪtl̩/ recitals n
recital
A vocal, instrumental or visual performance by a soloist.
motyw
(legal) A formal, preliminary statement in a deed or writing in order to explain the reasons on which the transaction is founded, prior to a positive allegation.

recitation /ˌɹɛsəˈteɪʃən/ recitations n
recytacja deklamacja
The act of publicly reciting something previously memorized.
tekst
The material recited.

recitative /ɹɛsɪtəˈtiːv/ /ɹɛˈsaɪtətɪv/ /ˈɹɛsɪteɪtɪv/ recitatives n
recytatyw
(music) dialogue, in an opera etc, that, rather than being sung as an aria, is reproduced with the rhythms of normal speech, often with simple musical accompaniment or harpsichord continuo, serving to expound the plot.

recite /ɹɪˈsaɪt/ v
recytować wyrecytować
(transitive) To repeat aloud (some passage, poem or other text previously memorized, or in front of one's eyes), often before an audience.
(transitive) To list or enumerate something.

reciter reciters n
recytator recytatorka
One who recites.

reckless /ˈɹɛkləs/ more reckless most reckless recklesser recklessest adj
lekkomyślny nierozważny
Careless or heedless; headstrong or rash.
lekkomyślny zawadiacki
Indifferent or oblivious to danger or the consequences thereof.

recklessly more recklessly most recklessly adv
bez głowy
In a rash or reckless manner, without regard for cost or consequence

reckoning /ˈɹɛkn̩ɪŋ/ /ˈɹɛkənɪŋ/ reckonings n
rozliczenie
The action of calculating or estimating something.

recliner recliners n
leżanka
A chair hinged so that the back can be reclined for comfort.

reclusive /ɹɪˈkluːsɪv/ more reclusive most reclusive adj
pustelniczy samotniczy
Of, characterized by, or preferring privacy and isolation; secluded.

recognizable more recognizable most recognizable adj
rozpoznawalny
able to be recognized

recognize /ˈɹɛk.ən.aɪz/ /ˈɹɛk.əɡ.naɪz/ /ˈɹɛk.ɪɡ.naɪz/ v
rozpoznać poznać rozpoznawać
(transitive) To match (something or someone which one currently perceives) to a memory of some previous encounter with the same person or thing.
uznawać uznać
(transitive) To acknowledge the existence or legality of; to treat as valid or worthy of consideration.

recoil /ɹɪˈkɔɪl/ /ˈɹiːkɔɪl/ recoils n
odrzut
(firearms) The energy transmitted back to the shooter from a firearm which has fired. Recoil is a function of the weight of the weapon, the weight of the projectile, and the speed at which it leaves the muzzle.

recoilless more recoilless most recoilless adj
bezodrzutowy

recollection /ɹɛkəˈlɛkʃən/ recollections n
wspomnienia
The act of recollecting, or recalling to the memory; the act of recalling to memory.

recombination recombinations n
rekombinacja
(genetics) The formation of genetic combinations in offspring that are not present in the parents.

recommend /ɹɛkəˈmɛnd/ v
polecać polecić
(transitive) To bestow commendation on; to represent favourably; to suggest, endorse or encourage as an appropriate choice.
(transitive, archaic) To commit, confide to another's care, confidence or acceptance, with favoring representations

recommendation /ˌɹɛkəmənˈdeɪʃən/ /ˌɹɛkəmɛnˈdeɪʃən/ recommendations n
rekomendacja
An act of recommending.
rekomendacja polecenie zalecenie
That which is recommended.

recompense /ˌɹɛkəmˈpɛns/ recompenses n
rekompensata
That which compensates for an injury, or other type of harm or damage.

recompense /ˌɹɛkəmˈpɛns/ v
odwdzięczyć się
To reward or repay (someone) for something done, given etc.
zrekompensować
(transitive) To give (something) in return; to pay back; to pay, as something earned or deserved.

reconceptualize v
konceptualizować jeszcze raz

reconcile /ɹɪˈkɒnsaɪl/ /ˈɹɛkənsaɪl/ v
godzić godzić się jednać jednać się pogodzić pogodzić się
(ambitransitive) To restore a friendly relationship; to bring back or return to harmony.
godzić pogodzić
(transitive) To make things compatible or consistent.
wyrównać wyrównywać
(transitive) To make the net difference in credits and debits of a financial account agree with the balance.

reconciliation /ˌɹɛk(ə)nsɪlɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n/ /ˌɹɛkənˌsɪliˈeɪʃ(ə)n/ reconciliations n
pojednanie pogodzenie zgoda porozumienie ugoda
The re-establishment of friendly relations; conciliation, rapprochement.
rekoncyliacja
(Roman Catholicism) Short for sacrament of reconciliation (“a sacrament (sacred ritual) also called confession, involving contrition by a person, confessing sins to a priest, penance performed by the person, and absolution granted by the priest”).

reconnaissance /ɹɪˈkɒnəsəns/ reconnaissances n
rekonesans zwiad
The act of scouting or exploring (especially military or medical) to gain information.

reconnoiter /ˌɹɛkəˈnɔɪtə/ /ˌɹɛkəˈnɔɪtɚ/ [ˌɹʷɛkəˈnɔɪ̯tʰə] [ˌɹˠɛkəˈnɔɪ̯ɾɚ] v
badać teren przeprowadzać rekonesans
(American spelling, transitive, intransitive, military) To perform a reconnaissance (of an area; an enemy position); to scout with the aim of acquiring information.

reconsider v
ponownie rozważać ponownie rozważyć
(ambitransitive) To consider a matter again.

reconsideration reconsiderations n
ponowne rozpatrzenie przemyślenie
the act of reconsidering or something reconsidered

reconstruct /ˌɹiːkənˈstɹʌkt/ v
rekonstruować
To construct again; to restore.

reconstructible more reconstructible most reconstructible adj
rekonstruowalny
Able to be reconstructed.

reconstruction reconstructions n
rekonstrukcja
A thing that has been reconstructed or restored to an earlier state.
odtworzenie rekonstrukcja
The act of restoring something to an earlier state.
A result of an attempt to understand in detail how a certain result or event occurred.

recook v
odgrzać
cook again

record /ˈɹɛk.ɔɹd/ /ˈɹɛk.ɔːd/ /ˈɹɛk.ɚd/ adj
rekordowy

record /ˈɹɛk.ɔɹd/ /ˈɹɛk.ɔːd/ /ˈɹɛk.ɚd/ records n
zapis
An item of information put into a temporary or permanent physical medium.
Any instance of a physical medium on which information was put for the purpose of preserving it and making it available for future reference.
płyta analog płyta gramofonowa
Ellipsis of phonograph record: a disc, usually made from vinyl, on which sound is recorded and may be replayed on a phonograph.
rekord
(computing) A set of data relating to a single individual or item.
The most extreme known value of some variable, particularly that of an achievement in competitive events.

record /ɹɨˈkɔːd/ /ɹɪˈkɔɹd/ v
notować
(transitive) To make a record of information.
nagrać nagrywać
(transitive) To make an audio or video recording of.
(intransitive) To make an audio, video, or multimedia recording.

record label record labels n
wytwórnia płytowa label wytwórnia
The round sticker in the centre of a phonograph record that contains the record company's logo and information about the recording.

record player record players n
gramofon adapter
An electronic device for playing phonograph records.

record-breaking adj
rekordowy
Of an achievement or observation, exceeding the highest previously recorded level in that activity or category.

recorder recorders n
nagrywarka rejestrator
An apparatus for recording; a device which records.
flet prosty
(musical instrument) A musical instrument of the woodwind family; a type of fipple flute, a simple internal duct flute.

recording recordings n
nagranie
The act of storing sound, video, etc., in a permanent medium.
A reproduction of sound, video, etc., stored in a permanent medium.

recount /ɹɪˈkaʊnt/ v
opowiedzieć opowiadać
To tell; narrate; to relate in detail

recover /ɹɪˈkʌvə/ /ɹɪˈkʌvɚ/ v
wyzdrowieć zdrowieć
(intransitive, followed by "from" to show what caused the bad feeling) To get better, to regain health or prosperity.

recovery /ɹəˈkʌvəɹi/ /ɹəˈkʌvɹi/ /ɹɪˈkʌvəɹi/ /ɹɪˈkʌvɹi/ recoveries n
poprawa powrót do zdrowia rekonwalescencja zdrowienie
A return to normal health.

recreate /ɹiːkɹɪˈeɪt/ v
odtwarzać odtworzyć
To create anew.

recreation /ɹɛkɹiˈeɪʃən/ recreations n
wypoczynek rekreacja
Any activity, such as play, that amuses, diverts or stimulates.

recreational drug recreational drugs n
narkotyk rekreacyjny

recreational vehicle recreational vehicles n
kamper
(North America) A self-propelled vehicle (motor home), or trailer designed for use as living quarters on overnight recreational activities and travel.

recruit /ɹɪˈkɹut/ /ɹɪˈkɹuːt/ recruits n
rekrut rekrutka
A person enlisted for service in the army; a newly enlisted soldier.

recruit /ɹɪˈkɹut/ /ɹɪˈkɹuːt/ v
werbować rekrutować zrekrutować zwerbować
To enroll or enlist new members or potential employees on behalf of an employer, organization, sports team, the military, etc.
rekrutować zrekrutować
To supply with new men, as an army; to fill up or make up by enlistment; also, to muster

recruitment /rɪˈkruːt.mənt / recruitments n
rekrutacja werbunek
The process or art of finding candidates for a post in an organization, or recruits for the armed forces.

rectal /ˈrɛk.təl/ adj
doodbytniczy rektalny
Of, via or related to the rectum.

rectangle /ˈrɛktæŋɡl̩/ rectangles n
prostokąt
(geometry) Any quadrilateral having opposing sides parallel and four right angles.

rectangular /ɹɛkˈtæŋɡjəlɚ/ /ɹɛkˈtæŋɡjʊlə/ more rectangular most rectangular adj
prostokątny
Having a shape like a rectangle.

rectangular number rectangular numbers n
liczba prostokątna
(mathematics) A number which is the product of two consecutive integers

rectified spirit n
spirytus
Alcoholic spirit that has been purified to or close to the maximum concentration obtainable by using conventional distillation processes, i.e. about 96% by volume.

rectify /ˈɹɛktəˌfaɪ/ v
poprawiać poprawić
(transitive) To restore (someone or something) to its proper condition; to straighten out, to set right. [from 16th c.]
destylować
(transitive, chemistry) To purify or refine (a substance) by distillation. [from 15th c.]
prostować
(transitive, electronics) To convert (alternating current) into direct current. [from 19th c.]

rectilinear /ˌɹɛktɪˈlɪniɚ/ /ˌɹɛktɪˈlɪnɪə/ more rectilinear most rectilinear adj
prostoliniowy
In a straight line.

rectitude /ˈɹɛk.tə.tjuːd/ /ˈɹɛk.tə.tuːd/ /ˈɹɛk.tɪ.tjuːd/ rectitudes n
prawość
(now, _, rare) The fact or quality of being right or correct; correctness of opinion or judgement. [from 15th c.]

rector /ˈɹɛktə/ /ˈɹɛktɚ/ rectors rectress n
proboszcz
In the Anglican Church, a cleric in charge of a parish and who owns the tithes of it.
rektor
A headmaster in various educational institutions, e.g. a university.

rectum /ˈɹɛktəm/ recta rectums n
odbytnica
(anatomy) The terminal part of the large intestine through which feces pass after exiting the colon, but before leaving the body through the anus.

recumbent recumbents n
rower poziomy
A bicycle or tricycle that places the rider in a reclined posture.

recuperate /ɹɪˈk(j)uːpəˌɹeɪt/ v
wyzdrowieć zdrowieć
(intransitive) To recover, especially from an illness; to get better from an illness or from exhaustion (or sometimes from a financial loss, etc).

recuperation recuperations n
rekonwalescencja
Instance of getting something back.

recurring /rɪˈkəːrɪŋ/ more recurring most recurring adj
okresowy
(mathematics, not comparable) Of a decimal: having a set of digits that is repeated indefinitely.

recursion /ɹɪˈkɜː(ɹ)ʒən/ recursions n
rekurencja
(mathematics) The act of defining an object (usually a function) in terms of that object itself.

recursive /ɹɪˈkɜː(ɹ)sɪv/ more recursive most recursive adj
rekurencyjny
(mathematics, not comparable) of an expression, each term of which is determined by applying a formula to preceding terms
(computing, not comparable) of a program or function that calls itself
(computing theory, not comparable, of a function) which can be computed by a theoretical model of a computer, in a finite amount of time

recursively enumerable adj
rekurencyjnie przeliczalny
(computing theory) Of a set, such that there exists a deterministic algorithm which will list all the items in the set and no others.

recyclable adj
przetwarzalny recyklingowalny
Able to be recycled.

recycle /ɹiˈsaɪkəl/ /ɹəˈsaɪkəl/ /ɹɪˈsaɪkəl/ v
przetwarzać przetworzyć poddawać recyklingowi
(transitive) To break down and reuse component materials.

recycle bin recycle bins n
kosz
(computing) In Microsoft Windows, a storage location for deleted files, from which they can be retrieved or permanently deleted.

recycling recyclings n
recykling recyklizacja
The practice of sorting and collecting waste materials for new use.

red /ɹɛd/ [ɻʷɛˑd̥] more red most red redder reddest adj
rudy czerwony
(of hair) Having an orange-brown or orange-blond colour; ginger.
czerwony czerwień
(of a, dog, or, its coat) Having a brown color.
Left-wing parties and movements, chiefly socialist or communist, including the U.K. Labour party and the Social Democratic Party of Germany.

red /ɹɛd/ [ɻʷɛˑd̥] reds n
czerwień czerwony
(countable, and, uncountable) The colour of the setting sun; the colour which is evoked by the longest visible wavelengths (between about 625–740 nm), and a primary additive colour.

red as a beetroot adj
czerwony jak burak
(simile) Bright red in colour; used of the human face when a person is embarrassed.

red bandfish red bandfish n
wstęgówka
A species of bandfish found in the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean from Senegal to Norway, Cepola macrophthalma (syn. Cepola rubescens).

red blood cell red blood cells n
erytrocyt czerwona krwinka
(hematology, cytology) A type of cell in the blood of vertebrates that contains hemoglobin and transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues; an erythrocyte.

red cabbage red cabbages n
czerwona kapusta
(countable, uncountable) A form of cabbage having red leaves, Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra .

red card red cards n
czerwona kartka
(sports) A card displayed by the referee when a player is sent off for a serious infringement of the rules.

red carpet red carpets n
czerwony dywan
A strip of red carpet that is laid for a VIP to walk on.

red cent red cents n
grosz złamany szeląg
(US, colloquial) A very small amount of money.

red clover red clovers n
koniczyna
A clover (Trifolium pratense), with red flowers, found in Europe, Asia and North America.

red crossbill red crossbills n
krzyżodziób świerkowy
Loxia curvirostra, a small passerine bird in the finch family, widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere.

red currant /ˈɹɛdˌkɜɹənt/ /ˈɹɛdˌkʌɹənt/ red currants n
czerwona porzeczka
A deciduous shrub, Ribes rubrum, native to western Europe; any of certain cultivars of the shrub.
czerwona porzeczka porzeczka zwyczajna
The bright red translucent edible berry of this plant.

red deer red deer red deers n
jeleń szlachetny jeleń
A species of large deer, Cervus elaphus, found in Europe and southwestern Asia.

red dwarf red dwarfs n
czerwony karzeł
(star) A small, relatively cool star of the main sequence.

red flag red flags n
czerwona flaga
(informal) A cue, warning, or alert; a sign or signal that something is wrong.

red fox red foxes n
lis rudy
(countable) A common species of fox, Vulpes vulpes native to North America, Asia, Europe and North Africa; small, with reddish fur, but larger than the arctic fox.

red giant red giants n
czerwony olbrzym
(star) A large red coloured star with a lower surface temperature than many stars, being at the final stage of moderately massive main-sequence stars.

red grouse red grouse n
pardwa szkocka
A medium-sized bird, Lagopus lagopus scotica, of the grouse family, found in heather moorland in Great Britain and Ireland.

red guard red guards n
czerwonogwardzista hunwejbin
A member of any of several organizations known as Red Guards or Red Guard.

red herring red herring red herrings n
fałszywy trop podpucha
(figuratively) A clue, information, argument etc. that is or is intended to be misleading, diverting attention from the real answer or issue.

red junglefowl red junglefowl red junglefowls n
bankiwa kur bankiwa
A junglefowl of the species Gallus gallus, native to south and east Asia.

red kite red kites n
kania ruda
A predator bird of the kite (Accipitridae) family, Milvus milvus.

red knot red knots n
biegus rdzawy
Calidris canutus, a species of wading bird.

red line red lines n
czerwona linia
(figuratively) A boundary or limit which should not be crossed.

red meat red meats n
czerwone mięso
Meats such as beef that are dark red in colour when uncooked.

red mullet red mullets n
barwena
any fish of the genus Mullus in the family Mullidae

red panda red pandas n
panda mała panda panda czerwona panda mniejsza panda ruda pandka ruda
An omnivorous mammal, Ailurus fulgens, native to the Himalayas and eastern Asia, which has dark red fur and a ringed tail.

red phalarope red phalaropes n
płatkonóg płaskodzioby
Phalaropus fulicarius, a small wading bird.

red phosphorus n
fosfor czerwony
(chemistry) A stable allotrope of phosphorus, used in the manufacture of safety matches, pesticides, etc.

red rag red rags n
czerwona płachta
(figurative) Something that will enrage another particular person.

red squirrel red squirrels n
wiewiórka pospolita
Sciurus vulgaris (Eurasian red squirrel), common in Europe and Asia.

red supergiant red supergiants n
czerwony nadolbrzym
(star) A very large, red star, such as Betelgeuse and Antares.

red tape n
biurokracja biurokratyzm biuralizm
(metonym, idiomatic) Time-consuming regulations or bureaucratic procedures.

red valerian red valerians n
ostrogowiec
A garden plant, of species Centranthus ruber, native to the Mediterranean region.

red wine red wines n
czerwone wino
Red-coloured wine made mostly from black grapes, including the skin.

red-backed shrike red-backed shrikes n
gąsiorek
A medium-sized bird (Lanius collurio) of the shrike family that breeds in most of Europe and western Asia and winters in tropical Africa, eating large insects, small birds, voles, and lizards.

red-bellied piranha red-bellied piranhas n
pirania natterera
Pygocentrus nattereri, a species of piranha native to South America.

red-breasted flycatcher red-breasted flycatchers n
muchołówka mała
Ficedula parva, an Old World flycatcher breeding in eastern Europe and across Central Asia.

red-breasted goose red-breasted geese n
bernikla rdzawoszyja
Branta ruficollis, a species of goose from Eurasia, with a large rust-colored area on its breast and throat.

red-breasted merganser red-breasted mergansers n
szlachar
A species of diving duck, Mergus serrator.

red-crowned crane red-crowned cranes n
żuraw mandżurski
Grus japonensis, a bird of the crane (Gruidae) family, native to East Asia

red-eye /ˈɹɛdaɪ/ /ˈɹɛdˌaɪ/ red-eyes n
wzdręga
The common rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus), a freshwater fish. [from 17th c.]
czerwone oczy efekt czerwonych oczu
(countable, uncountable, photography) Redness in the eye(s) of someone in a colour photograph, as an unwanted consequence of light from a flash reflecting off blood vessels in the retina. [from 20th c.]

red-flanked bluetail red-flanked bluetails n
modraczek modraczek zwyczajny
Tarsiger cyanurus, an Old World flycatcher

red-handed more red-handed most red-handed adj
na gorącym uczynku
(idiom) Showing clear evidence of guilt; in the act of wrongdoing.

red-light district red-light districts n
dzielnica czerwonych latarni
A part of an urban area where prostitution and sex-oriented businesses are concentrated.

red-necked grebe red-necked grebes n
perkoz rdzawoszyi
Podiceps grisegena a migratory aquatic bird found in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere.

red-necked phalarope red-necked phalaropes n
płatkonóg szydłodzioby
a type of small wader, (Phalaropus lobatus)

red-necked stint red-necked stints n
biegus rdzawoszyi
A type of sandpiper, (Calidris ruficollis)

red-rumped swallow red-rumped swallows n
jaskółka rudawa
Cecropis daurica, a small passerine bird in the swallow family

red-tailed shrike red-tailed shrikes n
dzierzba rdzawosterna
Lanius phoenicuroides, a member of the shrike family (Laniidae). It was formerly considered conspecific with the isabelline shrike and the red-backed shrike.

red-tailed squirrel red-tailed squirrels n
wiewiórka rudoogonowa
A species of tree squirrel native to Central and South America, Sciurus granatensis.

red-throated thrush red-throated thrushes n
drozd rdzawogardły drozd różnogardły
Turdus ruficollis, a Palearctic thrush.

red-winged blackbird red-winged blackbirds n
epoletnik krasnoskrzydły
A bird of the species Agelaius phoeniceus, native to North and Central America.

redden /ˈɹɛdn̩/ v
czerwienieć czerwienić się poczerwienieć sczerwienieć
(intransitive) To become red or redder.
czerwienić poczerwienić
(transitive) To make red or redder.

reddish /ˈɹɛdɪʃ/ more reddish most reddish adj
czerwonawy
Somewhat red.

redeem /ɹɪˈdiːm/ v
odkupić odkupywać
(transitive) To recover ownership of something by buying it back.
(transitive) To liberate by payment of a ransom.
(transitive) To save from a state of sin (and from its consequences).
spieniężać
(transitive, finance) To convert (some bond or security) into cash

redeemer redeemers n
odkupiciel zbawiciel
One who redeems; one who provides redemption.

redefine v
przedefiniować przedefiniowywać
(transitive) To give a new or different definition to (a word).

redefinition redefinitions n
przedefiniowanie
The act or event of redefining.

redemarcation redemarcations n
redemarkacja

redemption /ɹɪˈdɛmpʃən/ redemptions n
odkupienie zbawienie
Salvation from sin.

redeploy v
przerzucać przerzucić przesunąć przesuwać
(transitive) To rearrange (military forces).

redeployment redeployments n
przerzucenie przesunięcie
The act of redeploying.

redheaded adj
rudowłosy rudy
(of a person) Having red hair.

redirection /ɹiːdaɪˈɹɛkʃən/ /ɹiːdəˈɹɛkʃən/ /ɹiːdɪˈɹɛkʃən/ redirections n
przekierowanie
The act of setting a new direction.

redistribute /ˌɹi.dɪˈstɹɪb.jut/ /ˌɹiː.dɪˈstɹɪb.juːt/ /ˌɹiːˈdɪs.tɹɪb.juːt/ v
dystrybuować ponownie rozdystrybuować ponownie
(transitive) To distribute again.

redistribution /ˌɹiːdɪstɹəˈbjuːʃən/ redistributions n
redystrybucja
The act of changing the distribution of resources.

redly more redly most redly adv
czerwono
In a red manner.

redneck /ˈɹɛdnɛk/ rednecks n
burak
(slang, usually, pejorative, offensive, ethnic slur) A poor, rural, usually white, person from the Southern United States or parts of the Midwest and Northeast, especially one whose beliefs are seen as unsophisticated and backward; sometimes with additional connotations of being bigoted.

redness rednesses n
zaczerwienienie
(countable, uncountable) A red discoloration, especially of skin.

redo /ɹiˈduː/ /ˈɹiːdu/ v
przerabiać przerobić
To do again.

redolence /ˈɹed.ə.ləns/ /ˈɹɛd.ə.ləns/ /ˈɹɛd.əʊ.ləns/ redolences n
aromat zapach
(uncountable) The quality of being redolent.
przywołujący zapach
(countable) An evocative fragrance.

redolent /ˈɹed.ə.lənt/ /ˈɹɛd.ə.lənt/ /ˈɹɛd.əʊ.lənt/ more redolent most redolent adj
pachnący
Fragrant or aromatic; having a sweet scent.
Having the smell of the article in question.
przywołujący
(figurative) Suggestive or reminiscent.

redpoll redpolls n
czeczotka
Any of various finches in the genus Acanthis (syn. Carduelis), which have characteristic red markings on their heads.

redshank redshanks n
brodziec
Any of two species of Old World wading bird in the genus Tringa that have long red legs.

redshift /ˈɹɛdˌʃɪft/ redshifts n
przesunięcie ku czerwieni
(physics) A change in the wavelength of light, in which the wavelength is longer than when it was emitted at the source.

redskin redskins n
czerwonoskóry
(now, sometimes, considered an, _, ethnic slur, and, offensive) A Native American.

redstart redstarts n
pleszka
Any of various insectivorous ground-feeding birds, mainly of the genus Phoenicurus. Many of the species have a red tail.

reduce /ɹɪˈd(j)us/ /ɹɪˈdjuːs/ /ɹɪˈd͡ʒuːs/ v
degradować schudnąć stracić na wadzę zdegradować zeszczupleć
obniżać obniżyć zmniejszać zmniejszyć
(transitive) To bring down the size, quantity, quality, value or intensity of something; to diminish, to lower.
wytapiać wytopić
(transitive, metallurgy) To produce metal from ore by removing nonmetallic elements in a smelter.
skracać skrócić upraszczać uprościć
(transitive, mathematics) To simplify an equation or formula without changing its value.

reducer reducers n
złączka redukcyjna
(plumbing) A component used to connect two pipes of different bores.

redundant /ɹɪˈdʌn.dənt/ more redundant most redundant adj
nadmiarowy nadmierny redundantny
Superfluous; exceeding what is necessary, no longer needed.
rozwlekły
(of words, writing, etc) Repetitive or needlessly wordy.

redwing redwings n
droździk
A small thrush, Turdus iliacus, native to Eurasia, with a white eye stripe and red under-wing feathers.

redwood redwoods n
sekwoja wieczniezielona
(uncountable) Wood of the species Sequoia sempervirens.

reed /ɹiːd/ reeds n
trzcina
(countable) Any of various types of tall stiff perennial grass-like plants growing together in groups near water.
(countable) The hollow stem of these plants.
stroik
(countable, music) Part of the mouthpiece of certain woodwind instruments, comprising a thin piece of wood or metal which shakes very quickly to produce sound when a musician blows over it.
instrument drewniany
(countable, music) A musical instrument such as the clarinet or oboe, which produces sound when a musician blows on the reed.

reed bed reed beds n
szuwar
A place where reeds grow.

reed bunting reed buntings n
potrzos
A passerine bird, Emberiza schoeniclus, sparrow-sized but slim and with a long, deeply notched tail.

reed switch reed switches n
kontaktron
An electrical switch operated by an applied magnetic field that causes two flexible metal reeds to come into contact.

reed warbler reed warblers n
trzcinniczek
A species of warbler, Acrocephalus scirpaceus, family Acrocephalidae, native to Eurasia and Africa. [from 18th c.]

reedy /ˈɹiː.di/ reedier reediest adj
trzcinowy
Full of, or edged with, reeds.

reef /ɹiːf/ reefs n
rafa
A chain or range of rocks, sand, or coral lying at or near the surface of the water.

reef /ɹiːf/ v
refować
(nautical) To take in part of a sail in order to adapt the size of the sail to the force of the wind.

reek /riːk/ reeks n
fetor smród
A strong unpleasant smell.

reel /ɹiːl/ v
motać namotać nawijać nawinąć
To wind on a reel.
krążyć kręcić się wirować
To spin or revolve repeatedly.
chwiać się zataczać się
To walk shakily or unsteadily; to stagger; move as if drunk or not in control of oneself.

reel off v
snuć
(transitive, idiomatic) To list effortlessly and quickly.

reelection reelections n
reelekcja
the act of being elected after already being elected once, and already having served out one's first term.

reenactment reenactments n
rekonstrukcja
The repetition of an earlier (usually historic) event, as a performance or social event.

reenactor reenactors n
odtwórca odtwórczyni
One who reenacts.
rekonstruktor rekonstruktorka
One who takes part in a historical reenactment.

reexport reexports n
reeksport
(economics) export of a (recently) imported good (often not or hardly reworked)

refectory /ɹɪˈfɛkt(ə)ɹi/ refectories n
refektarz
A dining hall, especially in an institution such as a college or monastery.

refer /ɹɪˈfɜː/ /ɹɪˈfɝ/ v
odnosić się skierować
(intransitive, stative) To make reference to; to be about; to relate to; to regard; to allude to.

referee /ˌɹɛf.əˈɹiː/ /ˌɹɛfəˈɹiː/ referees n
sędzia arbiter
(sports) An umpire or judge; an official who makes sure the rules are followed during a game.

referee /ˌɹɛf.əˈɹiː/ /ˌɹɛfəˈɹiː/ v
sędziować
To act as a referee.

reference /ˈɹɛf.(ə)ɹəns/ /ˈɹɛfəɹɛns/ references n
referencja
(computing) An object containing information which refers to data stored elsewhere, as opposed to containing the data itself.

reference /ˈɹɛf.(ə)ɹəns/ /ˈɹɛfəɹɛns/ v
odnosić się do
To refer to, to use as a reference.

reference work reference works n
informator poradnik vademecum
A compendium of information which is not intended to be read from beginning to end, and is compiled for ease of reference. Examples include encyclopedias and dictionaries.

referendum /ˌɹɛfəˈɹɛndəm/ referenda referendums n
referendum
(politics) A direct popular vote on a proposed law or constitutional amendment. (The adposition on is usually used before the related subject of the vote.)

referent /ˈɹɛf(ə)ɹənt/ /ˈɹɛfəɹənt/ referents n
desygnat
(semantics) The specific entity in the world that a word or phrase identifies or denotes.

referral /ɹɪˈfɜːɹəl/ /ɹɪˈfɝəl/ referrals n
skierowanie
The act or process of transferring someone or something to another, of sending by reference, or referring.

refill /ˈɹiː.fɪl/ refills n
dolewka
A filling after the first.
wkład
A product containing materials to replace those used up by a piece of equipment.

refinance v
refinansować
(finance) To renew the terms of a loan.

refinement /ɹəˈfaɪnmənt/ /ɹɪˈfaɪnmənt/ refinements n
elegancja
High-class style; cultivation.

refinery /rɪˈfaɪnərɪ/ refineries n
rafineria
A building, or a mass of machinery, used to produce refined products such as sugar, oil, or metals.

reflation /ɹiːˈfleɪʃən/ reflations n
reflacja
(economics) The act of restoring a deflated general level of prices to a previous or desired level.

reflect /ɹɪˈflɛkt/ v
odbijać odbić
(transitive) To bend back (light, etc.) from a surface.
(transitive) To mirror, or show the image of something.
odbić się odbijać odbijać się odbić
(intransitive) To be bent back (light, etc.) from a surface.
odbijać się odbić się
(intransitive) To be mirrored.

reflecting telescope reflecting telescopes n
reflektor

reflection /ɹɪˈflɛkʃən/ reflections n
odbicie
The act of reflecting or the state of being reflected.
Something, such as an image, that is reflected.
odbicie refleks
The property of a propagated wave being thrown back from a surface (such as a mirror).

reflector /ɹɪˈflɛktə(ɹ)/ reflectors n
odblask
A small, often red, reflecting disk on the rear of a vehicle or bicycle that reflects the headlights of other vehicles.

reflex /ɹɪˈflɛks/ /ˈɹiːflɛks/ reflexes n
odruch refleks automat
An automatic response to a simple stimulus which does not require mental processing.

reflex angle reflex angles n
kąt wklęsły
(geometry) An angle greater than 180 degrees but less than 360 degrees.

reflex camera reflex cameras n
lustrzanka

reflexive /ɹəˈflɛksɪv/ adj
zwrotny
(grammar) Referring back to the subject, or having an object equal to the subject.
(mathematics) Of a relation R on a set S, such that xRx for all members x of S (that is, the relation holds between any element of the set and itself).

reflexive pronoun reflexive pronouns n
zaimek zwrotny
(grammar) In English: a personal pronoun, having a form of "self" as a suffix to show that the subject's action affects the subject itself.

reflexive verb reflexive verbs n
czasownik zwrotny
A verb whose subject and direct object are the same.

reforest v
ponownie zalesiać ponownie zalesić
To replant a forest, especially after clearcutting.

reforestation reforestations n
ponowne zalesianie
The act or process of replanting a forest, especially after clear-cutting.

reform /ɹəˈfɔɹm/ /ɹɪˈfɔɹm/ /ɹɪˈfɔːm/ /ˌɹiːˈfɔɹm/ /ˌɹiːˈfɔːm/ reforms n
reforma
The change of something that is defective, broken, inefficient or otherwise negative, in order to correct or improve it

reform /ɹəˈfɔɹm/ /ɹɪˈfɔɹm/ /ɹɪˈfɔːm/ /ˌɹiːˈfɔɹm/ /ˌɹiːˈfɔːm/ v
reformować zreformować
(transitive) To put into a new and improved form or condition; to restore to a former good state, or bring from bad to good; to change from worse to better.

reform school reform schools n
dom poprawczy poprawczak zakład poprawczy
(dated) A penal institution for juveniles, especially males.

reformed more reformed most reformed adj
reformowany
Corrected; amended; restored to purity or excellence; said, specifically, of the whole body of Protestant churches originating in the Reformation, or, in a more restricted sense, of those who separated from Martin Luther on the doctrine of consubstantiation, etc., and carried the Reformation, as they claimed, to a higher point.

reformer reformers n
reformator reformatorka
One who reforms, or who works for reform.

refraction /ɹəˈfɹækʃən/ refractions n
refrakcja
(physics) The turning or bending of any wave, such as a light or sound wave, when it passes from one medium into another of different optical density.

refractive index refractive indices n
współczynnik załamania
(physics) The ratio of the speed of light in air or vacuum to that in another medium.

refrain /ɹɪˈfɹeɪn/ refrains n
refren
The chorus or burden of a song repeated at the end of each verse or stanza.

refrain /ɹɪˈfɹeɪn/ v
powstrzymać powstrzymać się powstrzymywać powstrzymywać się
(intransitive, with preposition "from") To stop oneself from some action or interference; to abstain. [from 15th c.]

refresh /ɹiˈfɹɛʃ/ /ɹɪˈfɹɛʃ/ v
odnawiać odświeżyć
(transitive) To renew or revitalize.
odświeżać
(computing, ambitransitive) To reload (a document, especially a webpage) and show any new changes.
(computing, ambitransitive) To cause (a web browser or similar software) to refresh its display.

refresh someone's memory v
odświeżać komuś pamięć odświeżyć komuś pamięć

refreshing /ɹəˈfɹɛʃɪŋ/ more refreshing most refreshing adj
odświeżający
That refreshes someone; pleasantly fresh and different; granting vitality and energy.

refrigerator /ɹəˈfɹɪd͡ʒəˌɹeɪɾɚ/ /ɹɪˈfɹɪd͡ʒəˌɹeɪtə/ /ɹɪˈfɹɪd͡ʒəˌɹeɪɾɚ/ refrigerators n
lodówka chłodziarka
A household appliance used for keeping food fresh by refrigeration (short form fridge).

refuge /ˈɹɛfjuːd͡ʒ/ refuges n
schronisko azyl schronienie
A state of safety, protection or shelter.
schronisko azyl przytułek schronienie
A place providing safety, protection or shelter.

refuge island refuge islands n
azyl
A raised platform or other protective barrier in the middle of a street crossing, allowing pedestrians to pause safely in the middle of the road.

refugee /ɹɛfjʊˈd͡ʒiː/ /ˈɹɛfjʊd͡ʒiː/ refugees n
uchodźca uchodźczyni
A person seeking refuge in a foreign country out of fear of political persecution or the prospect of such persecution in their home country, i.e., a person seeking political asylum.
A person seeking refuge due to a natural disaster, war, etc.
uchodźca
A person formally granted political or economic asylum by a country other than their home country.

refugee camp refugee camps n
obóz dla uchodźców obóz dla uchodźców

refugium refugia refugiums n
ostoja
Any local environment that has escaped regional ecological change and therefore provides a habitat for endangered species.

refund /ɹɪˈfʌnd/ /ˈɹiːfʌnd/ refunds n
zwrot
An amount of money returned.

refund /ɹɪˈfʌnd/ /ˈɹiːfʌnd/ v
refundować zrefundować
(transitive) To return (money) to (someone); to reimburse.

refurbish /ɹiˈfɝbɪʃ/ /ɹiːˈfɜːbɪʃ/ v
odnawiać odświeżać
(transitive) To rebuild or replenish with all new material; to restore to original (or better) working order and appearance.

refusal /ɹɪˈfjuːzl̩/ refusals n
odmowa
The act of refusing.

refuse /ˈɹɛfjuːs/ n
odrzuty
Collectively, items or material that have been discarded; rubbish, garbage.

refuse /ɹɪˈfjuːz/ v
odrzucać odmówić
(transitive) To decline (a request or demand).
odmówić
(intransitive) To decline a request or demand, forbear; to withhold permission.

regain /ɹiːˈɡeɪn/ /ˈɹiːɡeɪn/ v
odzyskać
(transitive) To get back; to recover possession of.

regal /ˈɹiːɡəl/ regals n
regał
(musical instruments) A small, portable organ whose sound is produced by brass beating reeds without amplifying resonators. Its tone is keen and rich in harmonics. The regal was common in the 16th and 17th centuries, and has been revived for the performance of music from those times.

regalia /ɹəˈɡeɪl.i.ə/ n
regalia
Royal rights, prerogatives and privileges actually enjoyed by any sovereign, regardless of his title (emperor, grand duke etc.).
The emblems, symbols, or paraphernalia indicative of royalty or any other sovereign status; such as a crown, orb, sceptre or sword.

regard /ɹɪˈɡɑɹd/ /ɹɪˈɡɑːd/ regards n
respekt szacunek
One's concern for another; esteem; relation, reference. [from 16th c.]

regarding /ɹɪˈɡɑɹdɪŋ/ /ɹɪˈɡɑːdɪŋ/ preposition
odnośnie
Concerning, respecting.

regardless of preposition
bez względu na niezależnie od
without attention to; without regard for

regards /ɹɪˈɡɑɹdz/ /ɹɪˈɡɑːdz/ n
pozdrawiam
A greeting at the end of a letter or e-mail communication.
pozdrowienie
A greeting to pass on to another person.

regatta /ɹɪˈɡætə/ /ɹɪˈɡɑtə/ regattas regatte n
regaty
(countable) A series of boat races, or sometimes a single race.

regency /ˈɹiːd͡ʒənsi/ regencies n
regencja
A system of government that substitutes for the reign of a king or queen when that king or queen becomes unable to rule.

regent /ˈɹiːd͡ʒənt/ regents n
regent regentka
One who rules in place of the monarch, especially because the monarch is too young, absent, or disabled. [from 15th c.]

reggae /ˈɹɛɡeɪ/ n
reggae
(Rastafari, music genre) A music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1960s and is heavily associated with Rastafarianism, featuring a heavy bass line and percussive rhythm guitar on the offbeat, often with close vocal harmonies.

regicide /ˈɹɛd͡ʒəsaɪd/ regicides n
królobójstwo
The killing of a king.
królobójca
One who kills a king. [from 1540s]

regift /ɹiˈɡɪft/ regifts n
prezent przechodni
(informal) A gift which has been given to a second or subsequent recipient.

regime /ɹeɪˈʒiːm/ /ɹəˈʒiːm/ /ˈɹeɪʒiːm/ regimes n
reżim
Mode of rule or management.
reżim reżym ustrój
A form of government, or the government in power, particularly an authoritarian or totalitarian one.

regime change regime changes n
transformacja ustrojowa
(politics) The overthrow of a government that is considered an illegitimate regime by means of external force (especially military might), and its replacement with a new government according to the concept of political legitimacy promoted by that force.

regiment /ˈɹɛd͡ʒɪmənt/ regiments n
pułk regiment
(military) A unit of armed troops under the command of an officer, and consisting of several smaller units; now specifically, usually composed of two or more battalions. [from 16th c.]

region /ˈɹiːd͡ʒən/ [ˈɹiːd͡ʒn̩] regions n
region okolica obszar rejon
Any considerable and connected part of a space or surface; specifically, a tract of land or sea of considerable but indefinite extent; a country; a district; in a broad sense, a place without special reference to location or extent but viewed as an entity for geographical, social or cultural reasons.
region obwód
An administrative subdivision of the European Union.

regional /ˈɹiːd͡ʒnəl/ /ˈɹiːd͡ʒənəl/ adj
regionalny
Of, or pertaining to, a specific region or district.

regional power regional powers n
mocarstwo lokalne mocarstwo regionalne

regionalism regionalisms n
regionalizm
(politics) The belief that most or nearly all political power should be decentralized to regional governments.
(countable, linguistics) A word or phrase originating in, characteristic of, or limited to a region.

register /ˈɹɛd͡ʒ.ɪs.tə/ /ˈɹɛd͡ʒ.ɪs.tɚ/ registers n
dziennik
A formal recording of names, events, transactions, etc.
rejestr
A book of such entries.
A certificate issued by the collector of customs of a port or district to the owner of a vessel, containing the description of a vessel, its name, ownership, and other material facts. It is kept on board the vessel, to be used as evidence of nationality or as a muniment of title.
(computing) A small unit of very fast memory that is directly accessible to the central processing unit, and is mostly used to store inputs, outputs, or intermediate results of computations.

register /ˈɹɛd͡ʒ.ɪs.tə/ /ˈɹɛd͡ʒ.ɪs.tɚ/ v
rejestrować zarejestrować
(transitive) To enter in a register; to enlist.

register office register offices n
urząd stanu cywilnego
(British) The local office in which births, marriages and deaths are registered, and in which civil marriages are conducted and recorded.

registered mail registered mails n
list polecony / polecony
A special type of mail that provides more control than regular mail.

registration /ˌɹɛ.d͡ʒɪs.ˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/ registrations n
rejestracja
(countable, uncountable) The act of signing up or registering for something.

regolith /ˈɹɛɡəlɪθ/ regoliths n
regolit
(geology) The layer of loose rock, dust, sand, and soil, resting on the bedrock, that constitutes the surface layer of most dry land on Earth, the Moon, and other large solid aggregated celestial objects. Submarine regolith also exists.

regress /ɹɪˈɡɹɛs/ /ˈɹiːˌɡɹɛs/ v
cofać uwsteczniać uwsteczniać się
(intransitive) To move backwards to an earlier stage; to devolve.

regression /ɹiːˈɡɹɛʃ.ən/ /ɹəˈɡɹeʃ.ən/ /ɹəˈɡɹɛʃ.ən/ /ɹɪˈɡɹɛʃ.ən/ regressions n
cofnięcie regres regresja uwstecznienie
An action of regressing, a return to a previous state.

regressive more regressive most regressive adj
regresywny
(of a tax) Whose rate decreases as the taxed amount increases.

regressive assimilation regressive assimilations n
upodobnienie wsteczne
(phonetics, phonology) An assimilation whereby a sound becomes more like the following sound.

regret /ɹiˈɡɹɛt/ /ɹəˈɡɹɛt/ /ɹɪˈɡɹɛt/ regrets n
żal
Emotional pain on account of something done or experienced in the past, with a wish that it had been different; a looking back with dissatisfaction or with longing.
(decision theory) The amount of avoidable loss that results from choosing the wrong action.

regret /ɹiˈɡɹɛt/ /ɹəˈɡɹɛt/ /ɹɪˈɡɹɛt/ v
żałować
To feel sorry about (a thing that has or has not happened), afterthink: to wish that a thing had not happened, that something else had happened instead.

regrettable more regrettable most regrettable adj
godny pożałowania godny ubolewania
Able to be regretted, especially deserving of regret.

regroup /ɹiːˈɡɹuːp/ /ˈɹiːɡɹuːp/ v
przegrupować się przegrupowywać się zbierać myśli zebrać myśli
(intransitive) To pause and get organized again.
przegrupować przegrupowywać
(transitive) To group or categorize again.

regrouping regroupings n
przegrupowanie
A new grouping; the act or result of grouping again.

regrow v
odrastać odrosnąć
(ambitransitive) To grow again a part that has been lost, shed or destroyed.

regular /ˈɹɛɡ.jə.lɚ/ /ˈɹɛɡ.jʊ.lə/ /ˈɹɛɡ.l̩ɚ/ [ˈɹɛɡ.jɪ̈.lɚ] [ˈɹɛɡ.l̩ɚ] more regular most regular adj
regularny
Having a constant pattern; showing evenness of form or appearance. [from 15th c.]
Happening at constant (especially short) intervals. [from 17th c.]
(grammar, of a verb, plural, etc) Following a set or common pattern; according to the normal rules of a given language. [from 17th c.]
foremny
(geometry, of a polygon) Both equilateral and equiangular; having all sides of the same length, and all (corresponding) angles of the same size [from 16th c.]
(geometry, of a polyhedron) Whose faces are all congruent regular polygons, equally inclined to each other.

regular /ˈɹɛɡ.jə.lɚ/ /ˈɹɛɡ.jʊ.lə/ /ˈɹɛɡ.l̩ɚ/ [ˈɹɛɡ.jɪ̈.lɚ] [ˈɹɛɡ.l̩ɚ] regulars n
bywalczyni bywalec
A frequent, routine visitor to an establishment.
stała klientka stały klient
A frequent customer, client or business partner.

regular polygon regular polygons n
wielokąt foremny
(geometry) A polygon which is both equiangular and equilateral (i.e. having all sides the same length and all interior angles the same).

regularity /ˌɹɛɡjuˈlæɹəti/ regularities n
prawidłowość regularność
(uncountable) The condition or quality of being regular

regularly /ˈɹɛɡjəli/ /ˈɹɛɡjəlɚli/ /ˈɹɛɡjʊləli/ more regularly most regularly adv
regularnie
With constant frequency or pattern.

regulation /ˌɹɛɡjəˈleɪʃən/ /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/ regulations n
rozporządzenie regulacja
(uncountable) The act of regulating or the condition of being regulated.
przepis
(countable) A law or administrative rule, issued by an organization, used to guide or prescribe the conduct of members of that organization.
rozporządzenie
(European Union law) A form of legislative act which is self-effecting, and requires no further intervention by the Member States to become law.

regulator /ˈɹɛɡ.ju.leɪt.ɚ/ /ˈɹɛɡ.jə.leɪt.ə/ /ˈɹɛɡ.jə.leɪt.ɚ/ /ˈɹɛɡ.jʊ.leɪt.ə/ regulators n
regulator
A device that controls or limits something.
A person or group that sets standards of practice, especially those established by law.

rehab /ˈɹiːhæb/ rehabs n
rehabilitacja
(informal) An institution for rehabilitation.

rehabilitate /ɹiː(h)əˈbɪlɪteɪt/ v
rehabilitować zrehabilitować
(transitive) To restore (someone) to their former state, reputation, possessions, status etc. [from 16th c.]
(transitive) To vindicate; to restore the reputation or image of (a person, concept etc.). [from 18th c.]
(transitive, medicine) To return (someone) to good health after illness, addiction, etc. [from 19th c.]

rehabilitation /ˌɹiː.əˌbɪl.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/ [ˌɹiː.əˌbɪl.ɪˈteɪ.ʃn̩] rehabilitations n
rehabilitacja
The process of rehabilitating somebody or something.

rehash /ɹiːˈhæʃ/ /ˈɹiːˌhæʃ/ v
odgrzewać
(transitive) To repeat with minor variation.

rehearsal /ɹɪˈhɜːsl̩/ /ɹɪˈhɝsl̩/ rehearsals n
próba
The practicing of something which is to be performed before an audience, usually to test or improve the interaction between several participating people, or to allow technical adjustments with respect to staging to be done.

rehearse /ɹɪˈhɝs/ [ɹɪˈhɜːs] v
powtarzać
(transitive) To repeat, as what has been already said; to tell over again; to recite.

reign /ɹeɪn/ reigns n
rządy
The exercise of sovereign power.
panowanie
The period during which a monarch rules.

reimbursement /ˌɹiː.ɪmˈbɜːs.mənt/ reimbursements n
zwrot
(business, management, accounting) The act of compensating someone for an expense.

rein /ɹeɪn/ reins n
cugiel lejce wodze
A strap or rope attached to a bridle or bit, used to control a horse, animal or young child.

reincarnate v
wskrzesić wskrzeszać
(ambitransitive) To be, or cause to be, reborn, especially in a different body or as a different species.

reincarnation /ˌɹiːɪŋkɑː(ɹ)ˈneɪʃən/ reincarnations n
reinkarnacja odrodzenie
A rebirth of a soul, in a physical life form, such as a body.

reindeer /ˈɹeɪndɪə/ /ˈɹeɪndɪɹ/ reindeer reindeers n
renifer karibu
(plural: reindeer) Any Arctic and subarctic-dwelling deer of the species Rangifer tarandus, with a number of subspecies.

reindeer moss reindeer mosses n
chrobotek reniferowy
A lichen (Cladonia rangiferina) that grows in areas of alpine tundra.

reinducibility n
zdolność do reindukcji

reinducible adj
zdolny do reindukcji

reindustrialization reindustrializations n
reindustrializacja
The reintroduction of industry or industrial techniques.

reinette reinettes n
reneta
Any of various kinds of apple, mostly of French origin, characterized by russeting.

reinforced concrete reinforced concretes n
żelbet
A building material made from Portland cement concrete with a matrix of steel bars or wires (rebars) to increase its tensile strength.

reinforcement /ˌɹiːɪnˈfɔː(ɹ)smənt/ reinforcements n
wsparcie wzmocnienie
(uncountable) The act, process, or state of reinforcing or being reinforced.
(countable) A thing that reinforces.
posiłki
(in the plural) Additional troops or materiel sent to support a military action.

reinstallation reinstallations n
reinstalacja
The act or process of reinstalling.

reinstate /ɹiː.ɪnˈsteɪt/ v
przywrócić
(transitive) To restore to a former position or rank.

reintegration reintegrations n
reintegracja
The process of reintegrating.

reinterpret v
reinterpretować
To interpret again.

reinvent the wheel /ˌɹiːɪnˌvɛnt ðə ˈ(h)wiːl/ v
na nowo odkryć koło wynajdywać koło na nowo
(idiomatic) To do work unnecessarily when it has already been done satisfactorily by others; to attempt to devise a solution to a problem when a solution already exists.

reism n
reizm
(philosophy) A form of concretism stating that (i) every object is a body and (ii) no object is a state or relation, or property.

reissue reissues n
reedycja wznowienie
Something that has issued, or been issued again.

reiter /ˈɹʌɪtə/ reiters n
rajtar
(historical) A German cavalry soldier of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.

reiterate /ɹiˈɪt.əɹ.eɪt/ v
powtarzać powtórzyć
(transitive) To say or do (something) for a second time, such as for emphasis.
(transitive) To say or do (something) repeatedly.

reject /ɹɪˈd͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈɹiː.d͡ʒɛkt/ rejects n
odrzut
Something that is rejected.

reject /ɹɪˈd͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈɹiː.d͡ʒɛkt/ v
odrzucać odrzucić
(transitive) To refuse to accept.

rejection /ɹəˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/ /ɹɪˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/ rejections n
odmowa odrzucenie
The act of rejecting.

rejoice /ɹɪˈd͡ʒɔɪs/ v
cieszyć radować
(intransitive) To be very happy, be delighted, exult; to feel joy. [from 14th c.]
(transitive) To make happy, exhilarate. [from 15th c.]

rejuvenate /ɹiːˈd͡ʒuːvəneɪt/ /ɹɪˈd͡ʒuːvəneɪt/ v
odmładzać odmłodzić
To render young again.

rejuvenation rejuvenations n
odmłodzenie
The process of rendering young again.

relapse /ɹɪˈlæps/ /ˈɹiːˌlæps/ relapses n
nawrót recydywa
The act or situation of relapsing.

relation /ɹɪˈleɪʃən/ relations n
relacja
(databases) A set of ordered tuples retrievable by a relational database; a table.
(mathematics) A statement of equality of two products of generators, used in the presentation of a group.

relational adjective relational adjectives n
przymiotnik relacyjny
(grammar) An adjective that defines a relation and not a qualification.

relational database relational databases n
relacyjna baza danych
(databases) A database consisting of separate tables, having explicitly defined relationships, and whose elements may be selectively combined as the results of queries.

relational model relational models n
model relacyjny
(databases) A database model that is based on first-order predicate logic.

relationship /ɹɪˈleɪ.ʃənˌʃɪp/ [ɹɪˈleɪ.ʃn̩ˌʃɪp] relationships n
relacja stosunek powiązanie związek
Connection or association; the condition of being related.
pokrewieństwo
Kinship; being related by blood or marriage.
stosunek
A romantic or sexual involvement.

relative /ˈɹɛl.ə.tɪv/ [tʰ] [ɾ] [ˈɹɛl.ə.tʰɪv.li] [ˈɹɛl.ə.tʰɪv] [ˈɹɛl.ə.ɾɪv] adj
relatywny odnośny względny
Connected to or depending on something else; comparative.

relative /ˈɹɛl.ə.tɪv/ [tʰ] [ɾ] [ˈɹɛl.ə.tʰɪv.li] [ˈɹɛl.ə.tʰɪv] [ˈɹɛl.ə.ɾɪv] relatives n
krewny krewna
Someone connected by blood, marriage, or adoption; someone in the same family.

relative clause relative clauses n
zdanie względne
(grammar) A subordinate clause that modifies a noun.

relative pitch relative pitches n
słuch relatywny
(music, uncountable) The ability to identify or create a given note by comparing it with a reference note and discerning the interval between those two notes.

relative pronoun relative pronouns n
zaimek względny
(grammar) A pronoun that introduces a relative clause and refers to an antecedent. Some words that can be used as interrogative pronouns can alternatively be used as relative pronouns: what, which, who, and whom. The other relative pronouns are whoever, whomever, whatever, and that.

relatively /ˈɹɛl.ə.tɪv.li/ [tʰ] [ɾ] [ˈɹɛl.ə.tʰɪv.li] [ˈɹɛl.ə.tʰɪv] [ˈɹɛl.ə.ɾɪv.li] [ˈɹɛl.ə.ɾɪv] adv
stosunkowo odnośnie
In a relative manner; with reference to environment or competition; contextually or comparatively.
(sometimes, proscribed) Somewhat; fairly.

relativism relativisms n
relatywizm
(uncountable, philosophy) The theory, especially in ethics or aesthetics, that conceptions of truth and moral values are not absolute but are relative to the persons or groups holding them.

relativity /ɹɛləˈtɪvɪti/ /ˌɹɛləˈtɪvɪti/ [-ɾi] relativities n
względność
(uncountable) The state of being relative to something else; the absence of universally applicable rules or standards; relativism; (countable) an instance of this.
(uncountable, physics) Short for principle of relativity (“the principle that the laws of physics should be the same for all observers”).

relativization relativizations n
relatywizacja
The act or process of relativizing.

relax /ɹɪˈlæks/ v
relaksować się
(transitive) To calm down.
poluzować rozluźnić
(transitive) To make something loose.
(transitive) To make something less severe or tense.
rozluźnić się
(intransitive) To become less severe or tense.
łagodzić
(transitive) To make something (such as codes and regulations) more lenient.

relaxation /ˌɹilækˈseɪʃən/ /ˌɹɪlækˈseɪʃən/ relaxations n
relaks relaksacja
The act of relaxing or the state of being relaxed; the opposite of stress or tension; the aim of recreation and leisure activities.

relaxed /ɹɪˈlækst/ more relaxed most relaxed adj
rozluźniony zrelaksowany
Free from tension or anxiety; at ease; leisurely. [from 18th c.]

relaxing more relaxing most relaxing adj
odprężający
Conducive to relaxation; helping one to relax.

relay /ɹiˈleɪ/ /ˈɹiːleɪ/ relays n
sztafeta
(athletics) A track and field discipline where runners take turns in carrying a baton from start to finish. The most common events are 4×100 meter and 4×400 meter competitions. [from 19th c.]
przekaźnik
(electronics) An electrical actuator that allows a relatively small electrical voltage or current to control a larger voltage or current. [from 19th c.]

relay /ɹiˈleɪ/ /ˈɹiːleɪ/ v
przekazać przekazywać
(transitive) To pass on or transfer (information). [from 19th c.]

relay race relay races n
bieg rozstawny sztafeta
A sports contest where the members of a team take turns e.g. swimming, running or skiing parts of a circuit.

release /ɹiˈliːs/ /ɹəˈliːs/ /ɹɪˈliːs/ releases n
wyzwolenie
The event of setting (someone or something) free (e.g. hostages, slaves, prisoners, caged animals, hooked or stuck mechanisms).
wersja wydanie
(software) The distribution, either public or private, of an initial or new and upgraded version of a computer software product.
nowość
Anything recently released or made available (as for sale).
uwolnienie wyzwolenie
That which is released, untied or let go.

release /ɹiˈliːs/ /ɹəˈliːs/ /ɹɪˈliːs/ v
uwalniać uwolnić
To free or liberate; to set free.

relegation relegations n
degradacja
The act of being relegated

relentless /ɹɪˈlɛntləs/ more relentless most relentless adj
nieubłagany nieugięty nieustępliwy
Unrelenting or unyielding in severity.
bezustanny
Unremitting, steady and persistent.

relentlessly /ɹɪˈlɛntləsli/ more relentlessly most relentlessly adv
bezustannie

relentlessness /ɹɪˈlɛntləsnəs/ n
bezustanność
The condition of being relentless.

relevance /ˈɹɛl.ə.vən(t)s/ /ˈɹɛl.ɪ.vən(t)s/ relevances n
istotność
The property or state of being relevant or pertinent.

relevant /ˈɹɛləvənt/ more relevant most relevant adj
stosowny istotny odpowiedni relatywny związany
Related, connected, or pertinent to a topic.

reliability reliabilities n
niezawodność
The quality of being reliable, dependable, or trustworthy.

reliable /ɹɪˈlaɪəbəl/ more reliable most reliable adj
niezawodny spolegliwy
Suitable or fit to be relied on; worthy of dependence, reliance or trust; dependable, trustworthy

reliably more reliably most reliably adv
pewnie rzetelnie solidnie wiarygodnie
In a reliable manner.

reliance /ɹɪˈlaɪəns/ reliances n
zaufanie
The act of relying (on or in someone or something); trust.
bluszczowatość bluszczowość poleganie
The condition of being reliant or dependent.

reliant more reliant most reliant adj
bluszczowaty bluszczowy polegający zależny
Having reliance on somebody or something.

relic /ˈɹɛlɪk/ relics n
przeżytek relikt
Something old and outdated, possibly kept for sentimental reasons.
relikwia
(religion) A part of the body of a saint, or an ancient religious object, kept for veneration.

relief /ɹɪˈliːf/ reliefs n
ulga
The removal of stress or discomfort.
relief
(uncountable) A method of sculpture or other artwork in which shapes or figures protrude from a flat background.
(heraldry) The supposed projection of a charge from the surface of a field, indicated by shading on the sinister and lower sides.
wyręka
Release from a post or duty, as when replaced by another.
The person who takes over a shift for another.

relieve /ɹɪˈliːv/ v
ulżyć
(transitive) To ease (a person, person's thoughts etc.) from mental distress; to stop (someone) feeling anxious or worried, to alleviate the distress of. [from 14th c.]
(transitive) To alleviate (pain, distress, mental discomfort etc.). [from 14th c.]
(transitive) To provide comfort or assistance to (someone in need, especially in poverty). [from 14th c.]
odciążać odciążyć ulżyć
(transitive) To ease (someone, a part of the body etc.) or give relief from physical pain or discomfort. [from 14th c.]
(legal) To free (someone) from debt or legal obligations; to give legal relief to. [from 15th c.]

religiological more religiological most religiological adj
religioznawczy

religiologist religiologists n
religioznawca

religion /ɹɪˈlɪd͡ʒən/ religions n
religia
(uncountable) Belief in a spiritual or metaphysical reality (often including at least one deity), accompanied by practices or rituals pertaining to the belief.

religionist religionists n
religiant
A religious zealot.

religionless more religionless most religionless adj
bezreligijny

religiosity /ɹɪˌlɪd͡ʒɪˈɑsəti/ /ɹɪˌlɪd͡ʒɪˈɒsɪti/ religiosities n
religijność
The quality of being religious or pious, especially when zealous.

religious /ɹɪ.ˈlɪd͡ʒ.əs/ more religious most religious adj
religijny pobożny
Belonging or pertaining to a religious order or religious congregation.

religious order religious orders n
zakon
(religion) An organized community of people who live in some way set apart from society in accordance with their specific religious devotion, usually characterized by the principles of the founder's religious practice.

religious studies n
religioznawstwo
The academic study of religious beliefs, behaviours and institutions.

relinquish /ɹɪˈlɪŋkwɪʃ/ v
porzucać
(transitive) To give up, abandon or retire from something. To trade away.
porzucać zwalniać
(transitive) To let go (free, away), physically release.
poddawać
(transitive) To metaphorically surrender, yield control or possession.

reliquary /ˈɹɛlɪkwəɹi/ /ˈɹɛlɪkwɛɹi/ reliquaries n
relikwiarz
A container to hold or display religious relics.

relish /ˈɹɛl.ɪʃ/ v
delektować się smakować
(transitive) To taste or eat with pleasure, to like the flavor of [from 16th c.]

relive /ɹiːˈlɪv/ v
przeżyć na nowo
(transitive) To experience (something) again; to live over again. [from 18th c.]

relocation /ˌɹiːləʊˈkeɪʃən/ relocations n
przeprowadzka przemieszczenie relokacja
The act of moving from one place to another.

reluctance /ɹɪˈlʌktəns/ reluctances n
niechęć
Unwillingness to do something.

reluctant /ɹɪˈlʌktənt/ more reluctant most reluctant adj
niechętny
Not wanting to take some action; unwilling to do something.

rely /ɹɪˈlaɪ/ v
polegać polegać na
(with on or upon, formerly also with in) to trust; to have confidence in; to depend.

remain /ɹɪˈmeɪn/ remains n
pozostałości
(mostly, in the plural) That which is left; relic; remainder.

remain /ɹɪˈmeɪn/ v
pozostawać pozostać
To continue unchanged in place, form, or condition, or undiminished in quantity; to abide; to stay; to endure; to last.

remain to be seen v
to się jeszcze okaże
(idiomatic) To have not yet happened; to be as yet unknown.

remainder /ɹəˈmeɪndə/ /ɹəˈmeɪndɚ/ /ɹɪˈmeɪndə/ remainders n
reszta ostatek
A part or parts remaining after some has/have been removed or already occurred.
reszta
(mathematics) The amount left over after subtracting the divisor as many times as possible from the dividend without producing a negative result. If n (dividend) and d (divisor) are integers, then n can always be expressed in the form n = dq + r, where q (quotient) and r (remainder) are also integers and 0 ≤ r &#60; d.

remaining /ɹɪˈmeɪnɪŋ/ adj
pozostały
Which remains, especially after something else has been removed.

remains /ɹɪˈmeɪnz/ n
szczątki zwłoki
What is left after a person (or any organism) dies; a corpse.
pozostałości resztki
All that is left of the stock of some things; remnants.

remake /ɹiːˈmeɪk/ /ˈɹiːmeɪk/ remakes n
remake
A new, especially updated, version of a film, video game, etc.

remand centre remand centres n
areszt śledczy

remark /ɹɪˈmɑɹk/ /ɹɪˈmɑːk/ remarks n
spostrzeżenie uwaga komentarz
An expression, in speech or writing, of something remarked or noticed; a mention of something

remark /ɹɪˈmɑɹk/ /ɹɪˈmɑːk/ v
komentować skomentować
zauważyć
(transitive) To pay heed to; notice; to take notice of, to perceive. [from 16th c.]
(transitive, with clause as object) To express in words or writing; to state, as an observation. [from 17th c.]

remarkable /ɹɪˈmɑɹkəbl̩/ /ɹɪˈmɑːkəbl̩/ more remarkable most remarkable adj
wybitny
Worthy of remark; notable; interesting.

remediation remediations n
rekultywacja
The act or process of remedying a situation.

remedy /ˈɹɛmədi/ remedies n
remedium
Something that corrects or counteracts.
lekarstwo lek
A medicine, application, or treatment that relieves or cures a disease.

remember /ɹɪˈmɛmbə/ /ɹɪˈmɛmbɚ/ /ˈmɛmbɚ/ /ˈɹɛmbɚ/ /ˈɹɪmbɚ/ v
pamiętać zapamiętać
To recall from one's memory; to have an image in one's memory.

remilitarization remilitarizations n
remilitaryzacja

remind /ɹəˈmaɪnd/ /ɹɪˈmaɪnd/ v
przypominać przypomnieć
(transitive) To cause one to experience a memory (of someone or something); to bring to the notice or consideration (of a person).

reminder /ɹɪˈmaɪn.də/ /ɹɪˈmaɪn.dɚ/ reminders n
przypomnienie
Someone or something that reminds.

reminisce /ˌɹɛm.əˈnɪs/ v
powspominać wspominać wspomnieć
(intransitive) To recall the past in a private moment, often fondly or nostalgically.
(intransitive) To talk or write about memories of the past, especially pleasant memories.

reminiscence /ˌɹɛm.əˈnɪs.əns/ reminiscences n
reminiscencja
An act of remembering long-past experiences, especially positive or pleasant ones, often fondly.
wspomnienie
A mental image thus remembered.

reminiscent /ˌɹɛməˈnɪsnt/ more reminiscent most reminiscent adj
przypominający
Suggestive of an earlier event or times.

remission /ɹəˈmɪʃ(ə)n/ /ɹɪˈmɪʃ(ə)n/ remissions n
remisja
(medicine) An abatement or lessening of the manifestations of a disease; a period where the symptoms of a disease are absent.

remittance /ɹɪˈmɪtəns/ remittances n
przekaz przelew wpłata
The act of sending money to someone.
przekaz przelew rymesa wpłata
Money which is sent to someone, typically to someone in another country.

remix /ɹiˈmɪks/ /ˈɹiˌmɪks/ remixes n
remiks
(music) A rearrangement of an older piece of music, possibly including various cosmetic changes.

remodel v
remontować
To change the appearance, layout, or furnishings of.

remonstrance /ɹɪˈmɒnstɹəns/ remonstrances n
protest
A remonstration; disapproval; a formal, usually written, objection or protest.

remonstrate /ˈɹɛ.mən.stɹeɪt/ v
protestować zaprotestować
(transitive, often with an object consisting of direct speech or a clause beginning with that) To state or plead as an objection, formal protest, or expression of disapproval.
To point out; to show clearly; to make plain or manifest; hence, to prove; to demonstrate.

remonstrative more remonstrative most remonstrative adj
protestacyjny
Of, characterized by, or exhibiting remonstration.

remonstratively more remonstratively most remonstratively adv
protestacyjnie
In a manner characterized by remonstration.

remora /ɹiˈmɔɹə/ /ɹɪˈmɔːɹə/ /ˈɹɛməɹə/ remora remorae remoras n
podnawka remora ssacz tarczygłów trzymonaw trzymonawka
Any of various elongate fish from the family Echeneidae, the dorsal fin of which is in the form of a suction disc that can take a firm hold against the skin of larger marine animals. [from mid 16th c.]

remorse /ɹɪˈmɔɹs/ /ɹɪˈmɔː(ɹ)s/ remorses n
skrucha wyrzuty sumienia
A feeling of regret or sadness for doing wrong or sinning.

remote [ɹəˈməʊt] [ɹɪˈmoʊt] [ɹɪˈməʊt] [ˌɹiːˈməʊt] more remote most remote remoter remotest adj
daleki zdalny
At a distance; disconnected.
odległy daleki oddalony
Distant or otherwise inaccessible.

remote [ɹəˈməʊt] [ɹɪˈmoʊt] [ɹɪˈməʊt] [ˌɹiːˈməʊt] remotes n
pilot
Ellipsis of remote control.

remote control remote controls n
pilot
(countable) A device used to operate an appliance (such as a television, vehicle, or mechanical toy) from a short distance away.
zdalne sterowanie
(uncountable) A means of operating a device from a distance.

remote-controlled adj
zdalnie sterowany
Operated by remote control

remoteness remotenesses n
oddalenie
The quality of being remote.

removal /ɹəˈmʉː.vəl/ /ɹɪˈmu.vəl/ /ɹɪˈmuː.vəl/ /ɹɪˈmʉː.vəl/ removals n
usunięcie
The process of removing, or the fact of being removed.
zwolnienie
(Ireland) An evening funeral ritual in which the coffin holding the deceased is brought, usually from a funeral home, to the church where the funeral mass will be celebrated the following day. Prayers are said before and after the journey, after which mourners are typically received at the home of the deceased.

removal van removal vans n
samochód do przeprowadzek
(UK) An enclosed vehicle which is used for moving furniture and other belongings when moving house.

remove /ɹɪˈmuːv/ v
usuwać usunąć odejmować odjąć
(transitive) To move from one place to another, especially to take away.

remuneration /ɹə.mjuː.nəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ /ɹɪˌmjuː.nəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ /ɹɪˌnuː.məˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ remunerations n
zapłata
Something given in exchange for goods or services rendered.
płaca pensja
A payment for work done; wages, salary, emolument.
rekompensata
A recompense for a loss; compensation.

renaissance /ɹəˈneɪs(ə)ns/ /ɹəˈneɪsɑːns/ /ɹəˈneɪsɒ̃(n)s/ /ˈɹɛnəˌsɑns/ /ˌɹɛnəˈsɑns/ /ˌɹɛnəˈsɒ̃(n)s/ renaissances n
odrodzenie renesans
A rebirth or revival.

renal /ˈɹiːnəl/ adj
nerkowy
Pertaining to the kidneys.

rename /ɹiːˈneɪm/ v
przemianować
(transitive) To give a new name to.

render /ˈɹɛn.də/ /ˈɹɛn.dɚ/ v
czynić uczynić
(ditransitive) To cause to become.
przekazać przekazywać
(transitive) To pass down.
renderować wyrenderować zrenderować
(transitive, computer graphics) To transform (a model) into a display on the screen or other media.
interpretować zinterpretować
(obsolete) To return; to pay back; to restore.

rendering /ˈɹɛndəɹɪŋ/ renderings n
renderowanie
(computer graphics) The process of producing an image from an internal model, or the image thus produced.

rendering /ˈɹɛndəɹɪŋ/ v
renderujący
present participle of render

rendezvous /ˈɹɑndeɪ̯ˌvu/ /ˈɹɑndəˌvu/ /ˈɹɒndeɪ̯ˌvuː/ /ˈɹɒndɪˌvuː/ rendezvous rendezvouses n
randka
A meeting or date.
spotkanie
An agreement to meet at a certain place and time.

rendition /ɹɛnˈdɪʃ(ə)n/ renditions n
interpretacja
An interpretation or performance of an artwork, especially a musical score or musical work. [from 19th c.]

renegade /ˈɹɛnəˌɡeɪd/ /ˈɹɛnɪˌɡeɪd/ renegades n
renegat zaprzaniec zdrajca zdrajczyni
A disloyal person who betrays or deserts a cause, religion, political party, friend, etc.

renege /ɹiː-/ /ɹɪˈneɪɡ/ /ɹɪˈniːɡ/ /ɹɪˈnɛɡ/ /ɹɪˈnɪɡ/ v
złamać słowo łamać słowa łamać słowo
(intransitive) To break a promise or commitment; to go back on one's word.

renegotiation renegotiations n
renegocjacja
The act of negotiating again.

renewable more renewable most renewable adj
odnawialny
Able to be renewed; capable of renewal.
(of a resource) Sustainable; able to be regrown or renewed; having an ongoing or continuous source of supply.

renewable energy renewable energies n
energia odnawialna
Energy that is collected from renewable resources, such as wind, water, or the sun, usually and especially as applied to a category of electrical generation.

renewal renewals n
odnowa odnowienie
The act of renewing.

reniform /-nɪ-/ /ˈɹiː-/ /ˈɹɛnəˌfɔɹm/ /ˈɹɛnɪfɔːm/ adj
nerkowaty
(botany) Of a leaf: kidney-shaped, with the petiole attached at the notch.

rennet /ˈɹɛnɪt/ rennets n
podpuszczka klag
An enzyme used as the first step in making cheese, to curdle the milk and coagulate the casein in it, derived by soaking the fourth stomach of a milk-fed calf in brine.

renounce the world v
uciec przed społeczeństwem uciekać przed społeczeństwem

renovate /ˈɹɛnəveɪt/ /ˈɹɛnəʊveɪt/ /ˈɹɛnəˌveɪt/ v
remontować
(transitive) To renew; to revamp something to make it look new again.

renovation /ˈɹɛnəveɪʃən/ renovations n
remont
An act, or the process, of renovating.

renown /ɹɪˈnaʊn/ renowns n
renoma
Fame; celebrity; wide recognition.

rent /ɹɛnt/ rents n
czynsz
A payment made by a tenant at intervals in order to lease a property.
A similar payment for the use of a product, equipment or a service.

rent /ɹɛnt/ v
wynajmować wynająć
(transitive) To take a lease of premises in exchange for rent.
(transitive, informal) To grant a lease in return for rent.
wypożyczać wypożyczyć
(transitive) To obtain or have temporary possession of an object (e.g. a movie) in exchange for money.

rent control rent controls n
kontrola czynszów
The official regulation of the amount that may be charged for rented property.

rent-seeking /ɹɛnt siːkɪŋ/ n
pogoń za rentą
(economics) The attempt to profit by manipulating the economic or political environment, for example, by seeking governmental action that restricts entry into a market.

rental car rental cars n
wynajęty samochód
A car that is or can be rented, usually for a short period, from a car rental company.

rentier /ɹɑ̃ˈtjeɪ/ /ˈɹɒntɪeɪ/ rentiers n
rentier rentierka
An individual who receives an income, usually interest, rent, dividends, capital gains, or profits from his or her assets and investments.

reopening reopenings n
ponowne otwarcie
the act of opening something again

reorganization reorganizations n
reorganizacja
The act or process of rearranging. See reorganize.

reorientation reorientations n
reorientacja
The act of changing the direction of something.

repaint /ɹiːˈpeɪnt/ /ˈɹiːpeɪnt/ v
przemalować przemalowywać
To paint anew or again, especially if recently painted.

repair /ɹəˈpɛɚ/ /ɹɪˈpɛə/ /ɹɪˈpɛɚ/ repairs n
naprawa
The act of repairing something.

repair /ɹəˈpɛɚ/ /ɹɪˈpɛə/ /ɹɪˈpɛɚ/ v
naprawiać naprawić
To restore to good working order, fix, or improve damaged condition; to mend; to remedy.

repairer repairers n
naprawiacz
A person who repairs things.

repairman repairmen n
fachowiec konserwator monter
A man whose job is to repair things

repartee /ˌɹɛpɑɹˈteɪ/ /ˌɹɛpɑːˈtiː/ repartees n
pocisk replika riposta
A swift, witty reply, especially one that is amusing.
A conversation marked by a series of witty retorts.

repartee /ˌɹɛpɑɹˈteɪ/ /ˌɹɛpɑːˈtiː/ v
pociskać pocisnąć
To reply with a repartee.

repatriate /ɹiːˈpeɪ.tɹi.eɪt/ /ɹiːˈpæ.tɹi.eɪt/ repatriates n
repatriant repatriantka
A person who has returned to their country of origin or whose original citizenship has been restored.

repatriate /ɹiːˈpeɪ.tɹi.eɪt/ /ɹiːˈpæ.tɹi.eɪt/ v
repatriować
(transitive) To restore (a person) to their own country.
(transitive) To return or restore (artworks, museum exhibits, etc.) to their country of origin.

repatriation repatriations n
repatriacja
The process of returning of a person to their country of origin or citizenship.

repayment repayments n
spłata
The money or other item that is repaid.

repeat /ɹɪˈpit/ /ɹɪˈpiːt/ /ˈɹi.pit/ repeats n
repetycja
(music) A mark in music notation directing a part to be repeated.

repeat /ɹɪˈpit/ /ɹɪˈpiːt/ /ˈɹi.pit/ v
powtarzać powtórzyć ponowić
(transitive) To do or say again (and again).

repeat offender repeat offenders n
recydywista recydywistka
A person who has previously offended against the law, often someone who may be deemed incorrigible.

repeatedly /ɹɪˈpiːtɪdli/ more repeatedly most repeatedly adv
wielokrotnie
Done several times or in repetition.

repechage /ɹəˌpɛʃˈɑʒ/ /ˈɹɛp.ə.ʃɑːʒ/ /ˈɹɛp.ɪ.ʃɑːʒ/ /ˌɹɛp.əˈʃɑʒ/ repechages n
repasaż repesaż
(sports) A heat (as in rowing or fencing) in which the best competitors who have lost in a previous round compete for a place or places yet left in the next round.

repel /ɹɪˈpɛl/ v
odpychać
(transitive, physics) To force away by means of a repulsive force. [from 17th c.]
(transitive) To cause repulsion or dislike in; to disgust. [from 18th c.]

repentance /ɹɪˈpɛntəns/ repentances n
skrucha
A feeling of regret or remorse for doing wrong or sinning.

repentant /ɹəˈpɛtənt/ more repentant most repentant adj
skruszony
Feeling or showing sorrow for wrongdoing.

repercussion /ˌɹi.pɚˈkʌʃ.ən/ /ˌɹiː.pəˈkʌʃ.ən/ /ˌɹɛ.pɚˈkʌʃ.ən/ repercussions n
reperkusja
A consequence or ensuing result of some action.

repertoire /ˈɹɛp.ə.twɑɹ/ /ˈɹɛp.ə.twɑː/ /ˈɹɛp.əɹ.twɑɹ/ repertoires n
repertuar
A list of dramas, operas, pieces, parts, etc., which a company or a person has rehearsed and is prepared to perform or display.

repetition /ˌɹɛp.əˈtɪʃ.ən/ [ˌɹɛp.əˈtɪʃ.n̩] repetitions n
powtórzenie powtórka repetycja
The act or an instance of repeating or being repeated.
powtórka repetycja
(weightlifting) : The act of performing a single, controlled exercise motion. A group of repetitions is a set.

repetitive strain injury repetitive strain injuries n
RSI
(pathology) injury to muscles and tendons caused by continuous repetitive use of particular muscle groups, especially in one's arms and hands, for example by using a keyboard and/or mouse, playing a musical instrument or working on an assembly line

rephrase v
przeformułować przeformułowywać
To say or write something with different wording.

repine /ɹə-/ /ɹɪˈpaɪn/ v
narzekać skarżyć się
(intransitive, now, literary) To complain; to regret; to fret. [from early 16th c.]

replace /ɹɪˈpleɪs/ v
zastąpić zamieniać zamienić
(transitive) To supply or substitute an equivalent for

replaceable /ɹɪˈpleɪsəbəl/ more replaceable most replaceable adj
wymienny zastępowalny
Capable of being replaced.

replacement /ɹɪˈpleɪsmənt/ replacements n
zamiennik zastępca
A person or thing that takes the place of another; a substitute.

replenishment replenishments n
uzupełnianie
The act of replenishing.

replete /ɹɪˈpliːt/ more replete most replete adj
pełny
Abounding.
syty
Gorged, filled to near the point of bursting, especially with food or drink.

replica /ˈɹɛplɪkə/ replicas repliche n
kopia replika
An exact copy.

reply /ɹɪˈplaɪ/ replies n
odpowiedź
A written or spoken response; part of a conversation.

reply /ɹɪˈplaɪ/ v
odpowiadać odpowiedzieć
(transitive, intransitive) To give a written or spoken response, especially to a question, request, accusation or criticism; to answer.

repopulation repopulations n
repopulacja
The act of repopulating, especially with a species that might otherwise die out in an area.

report /ɹəˈpoːt/ /ɹɪˈpo(ː)ɹt/ /ɹɪˈpoət/ /ɹɪˈpɔɹt/ /ɹɪˈpɔːt/ reports n
raport sprawozdanie
A piece of information describing, or an account of certain events given or presented to someone, with the most common adpositions being by (referring to creator of the report) and on (referring to the subject).

report /ɹəˈpoːt/ /ɹɪˈpo(ː)ɹt/ /ɹɪˈpoət/ /ɹɪˈpɔɹt/ /ɹɪˈpɔːt/ v
raportować sprawozdawać sprawozdać zaraportować
(formal, transitive) To notify someone of (particular intelligence, suspicions, illegality, misconduct etc.); to make notification to relevant authorities; to submit a formal report of. [from 15th c.]
(intransitive) To be accountable to or subordinate to (someone) in a hierarchy; to receive orders from (someone); to give official updates to (someone who is above oneself in a hierarchy).

report card report cards n
świadectwo szkolne
(education) A document, on cardboard or plain paper, stating which grades a student earned, at the end of a term of regular period.

report for duty v
zgłaszać się do służby zgłosić się do służby
To come to work, to show up for work.

reportage /ɹɪˈpɔː(ɹ)tɪd͡ʒ/ reportages n
reportaż
The reporting of news, especially by an eyewitness.

reported speech n
mowa pośrednia mowa zależna
(grammar, narratology) A form of speech used to express what another has said, often involving a change in tense.

reportedly /ɹɪˈpɔːtɪdli/ adv
podobno ponoć rzekomo
According to reports or rumors; supposedly. [from 19th c.]

reporter /ɹɪˈpo(ː)ɹtɚ/ /ɹɪˈpoətə/ /ɹɪˈpɔɹtɚ/ /ɹɪˈpɔːtə/ reporters n
reporter reporterka
A journalist who investigates, edits and reports news stories for newspapers, radio and television.

repose /ɹi-/ /ɹəˈpoʊz/ /ɹɪˈpəʊz/ reposes n
spoczynek wypoczynek
(uncountable) Temporary cessation from activity to rest and recover, especially in the form of sleep; rest; (countable) an instance of this; a break, a rest; a sleep.

repose /ɹi-/ /ɹəˈpoʊz/ /ɹɪˈpəʊz/ v
spoczywać wypoczywać
(also, figurative) To lean or recline, sit down, or lie down to rest; to rest.

repository /ɹɪˈpɑ.zɪ.tɔ.ɹɪ/ /ɹɪˈpɒ.zɪ.t(ə.)ɹɪ/ repositories n
grobowiec
A burial vault.
magazyn przechowalnia repozytorium skład składnica
A location for storage, often for safety or preservation.
powierniczka powiernik
(figurative) A person to whom a secret is entrusted.
repozytorium
(computing) a storage location for files, such as downloadable software packages, or files in a source control system.

reprehensible more reprehensible most reprehensible adj
naganny
Blameworthy, censurable, guilty.
naganny szpetny
Deserving of reprehension.

represent /ˌɹep.ɹɪˈzent/ /ˌɹɛp.ɹɪˈzɛnt/ v
reprezentować
(transitive) To present again or anew; to present by means of something standing in the place of; to exhibit the counterpart or image of; to typify.
(transitive) To stand or act in the place of; to perform the duties, exercise the rights, or otherwise act on behalf of
(intransitive, AAVE) To constitute a good example or symbol of a group of people; to acquit oneself well.

representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛn.ˈteɪ.ʃən/ representations n
reprezentacja
That which represents something else.
A figure, image or idea that substitutes reality.
przedstawienie
A theatrical performance.

representative /ˌɹɛpɹɪˈzɛnt(ət)ɪv/ more representative most representative adj
reprezentatywny
Typical; having the same properties or interest as a larger group.

representative /ˌɹɛpɹɪˈzɛnt(ət)ɪv/ representatives n
agent agentka
A company agent who visits potential purchasers; a salesman. [from 20th c.]
reprezentant przedstawiciel przedstawicielka reprezentantka
One who speaks for or acts on behalf of another in a particular (especially official) capacity. [from 17th c.]
reprezentant przedstawiciel agent agentka przedstawicielka reprezentantka
Something (especially a living organism) regarded as typical of its class; a type. [from 17th c.]

representative democracy representative democracies n
demokracja pośrednia
(politics) A policy under the rule of people acting on the behalf of and, to a lesser extent, in the interests of the voting blocks by which they were elected.

repression repressions n
represja
The act of repressing; state of being repressed.
The involuntary rejection from consciousness of painful or disagreeable ideas, memories, feelings, or impulses.

reprimand /ɹɛpɹɪˈmɑːnd/ /ˈɹɛp.ɹɪˌmænd/ /ˈɹɛpɹɪmɑːnd/ /ˌɹɛp.ɹɪˈmænd/ reprimands n
nagana admonicja połajanka przygana reprymenda
A severe, formal or official reproof; reprehension, rebuke, private or public.

reprint /ɹiːˈpɹɪnt/ /ˈɹiːpɹɪnt/ reprints n
dodruk przedruk
A book, pamphlet or other printed matter that has been published once before but is now being released again.

reprise /ɹɪˈpɹaɪz/ /ɹɪˈpɹiːz/ reprises n
repryza
(music) A repetition of a phrase, a return to an earlier theme, or a second rendition or version of a song in a programme or musical.

reprivatization reprivatizations n
reprywatyzacja
(economics) The process of, or an instance of, returning to private ownership.

reproach /ɹɪˈpɹoʊt͡ʃ/ /ɹɪˈpɹəʊtʃ/ reproaches n
wyrzut zarzut
A mild rebuke, or an implied criticism.
hańba
Disgrace or shame.

reproach /ɹɪˈpɹoʊt͡ʃ/ /ɹɪˈpɹəʊtʃ/ v
zarzucać zarzucić
(transitive) To criticize or rebuke (someone).
hańbić zhańbić
(transitive) To disgrace, or bring shame upon.

reproducibility reproducibilities n
powtarzalność
The quality of being reproducible.

reproduction /ˌɹiːpɹəˈdʌkʃən/ reproductions n
prokreacja reprodukcja rozmnażanie
The act of reproducing new individuals biologically.
reprodukcja
A copy of something, as in a piece of art; a duplicate.

reproductive more reproductive most reproductive adj
reprodukcyjny
Of or relating to reproduction.

reproductive organ reproductive organs n
narząd rodny narząd rozrodczy
(anatomy) An organ used for sexual reproduction.

reproductive system n
układ rozrodczy
(anatomy) The system of organs within an organism which work together for the purpose of reproduction.

reproof /ɹɪˈpɹuːf/ reproofs n
baty cięgi
An act or instance of reproving or of reprobating; a rebuke, a reproach, an admonition.

reptile /ɹɪpˈtaɪl/ /ˈɹɛp.taɪl/ reptiles n
gad
(strictly) A cold-blooded vertebrate of the class Reptilia; an amniote that is neither a synapsid nor a bird; excludes amphibians. [from 19th c.]

reptilian brain reptilian brains n
gadzi mózg mózg gadzi

republic /ɹəˈpʌb.lɪk/ /ɹɪˈpʌb.lɪk/ republics n
republika rzeczpospolita
A state where sovereignty rests with the people or their representatives, rather than with a monarch or emperor; a country with no monarchy.
(archaic) A state, which may or may not be a monarchy, in which the executive and legislative branches of government are separate.
One of the subdivisions constituting Russia. See oblast.

republican /ɹɪˈpʌblɪkən/ more republican most republican adj
republikański
Advocating or supporting a republic as a form of government, advocating or supporting republicanism. [from 17th c.]

republican /ɹɪˈpʌblɪkən/ republicans n
republikanin republikanka
Someone who favors a republic as a form of government. [from 17th c.]

republicanism republicanisms n
republikanizm
The political ideology of being a citizen in a state as a republic under which the people hold popular sovereignty.

repudiate /ɹəˈpjuː.di.eɪt/ /ɹɪˈpjuː.di.eɪt/ v
odrzucić
(transitive) To reject the truth or validity of; to deny.
wyprzeć się wyrzec się
(transitive) To refuse to have any relation to; to disown.

repulsive /ɹɪˈpʌlsɪv/ more repulsive most repulsive adj
odpychający
Tending to rouse aversion or to repulse; disgusting.

repurchase repurchases n
odkup
The act of repurchasing.

repurchase v
odkupić odkupywać
To buy back or again; to regain by purchase.

repurpose /ɹiːˈpɜː.pəs/ /ɹiːˈpɝ.pəs/ v
zmieniać przeznaczenie zmienić przeznaczenie
To reuse for a different purpose, on a long-term basis, with or without alteration.

reputation /ˌɹɛpjʊˈteɪʃən/ reputations n
reputacja renoma
What somebody is known for.

request /ɹɪˈkwɛst/ requests n
prośba żądanie
Act of requesting (with the adposition at in the presence of possessives, and on in their absence).
wniosek
A formal message requesting something.
petycja
(networking) A message sent over a network to a server.

request /ɹɪˈkwɛst/ v
prosić
(transitive, or, with a subjunctive clause) To ask for (something).
poprosić
(transitive) To ask (somebody) to do something.

request for proposal requests for proposal n
zapytanie ofertowe

requiem /ˈɹɛ.kwi.əm/ /ˈɹɛ.kwi.ɛm/ requiems n
requiem rekwiem msza za zmarłych panichida
A mass (especially Catholic) to honor and remember a dead person.
requiem rekwiem
A musical composition for such a mass.

requiescant in pace phraseologicalUnit
niech spoczywa w pokoju
May they rest in peace.

requiescat in pace phraseologicalUnit
niech odpoczywa w pokoju niech spoczywa w pokoju
May he/she rest in peace.

requirement /ɹɪˈkwaɪɹmənt/ /ɹɪˈkwɑɹmənt/ /ɹɪˈkwʌɪəm(ə)nt/ requirements n
potrzeba
A necessity or prerequisite; something required or obligatory. Its adpositions are generally of in relation to who or what has given it, on in relation to whom or what it is given to, and for in relation to what is required.
wymóg wymaganie
Something asked.

requisition /ˌɹɛkwɪˈzɪʃən/ requisitions n
rekwizycja
A formal request for something.
That which is required by authority; especially, a quota of supplies or necessaries.

rereading rereadings n
drugie przeczytanie ponowne odczytanie
A second or subsequent reading.

resale resales n
odsprzedaż
Sale of something previously bought.

rescind /ɹɪˈsɪnd/ v
anulować cofnąć
(transitive) To repeal, annul, or declare void; to take (something such as a rule or contract) out of effect.

rescinding rescindings n
odwołanie

rescue /ˈɹɛs.kjuː/ rescues n
ratunek
An act or episode of rescuing, saving.

rescue /ˈɹɛs.kjuː/ v
ratować ocalić uratować
To save from any violence, danger or evil.

rescue mission rescue missions n
ratunkowa akcja
(literally) A mission, operation to reach and rescue people in urgent need, as after a disaster

rescuer /ˈɹɛskjuːə(ɹ)/ rescuers n
ratowniczka ratownik
A person who rescues someone or something.

research /ɹiˈsɝt͡ʃ/ /ɹɪˈsɜːt͡ʃ/ /ˈɹiˌsɝt͡ʃ/ /ˈɹiː.sɜːt͡ʃ/ researches n
badania badanie naukowe
(uncountable, countable, _, in some dialects) Diligent inquiry or examination to seek or revise facts, principles, theories, applications, etc. (that are currently available, or that are familiar to one's self).
badanie
(countable, dated) A particular instance or piece of research.

research /ɹiˈsɝt͡ʃ/ /ɹɪˈsɜːt͡ʃ/ /ˈɹiˌsɝt͡ʃ/ /ˈɹiː.sɜːt͡ʃ/ v
badać zbadać
(transitive) To search or examine with continued care; to seek diligently.
(intransitive) To make an extensive investigation into.

researcher /ɹiˈsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ /ɹɪˈsɜː.t͡ʃə/ /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈɹiː.sɜː.t͡ʃə/ researchers n
badacz badaczka
One who researches.

reseda /ɹəˈsidə/ /ɹɪˈsiːdə/ /ˈɹɛsɪdə/ resedas n
rezeda wonna
(botany) Any of various plants of the genus Reseda having small, pale grayish green flowers, such as dyer's rocket (Reseda luteola) and mignonette (Reseda odorata).

resell /ɹiːˈsɛl/ v
odsprzedawać odsprzedać
To sell again.

reseller resellers n
odsprzedawca reseller
A company or individual that purchases goods or services with the intention of reselling them rather than consuming or using them.

resemble /ɹɪˈzɛmb(ə)l/ v
być podobnym przypominać przypomnieć
(transitive) To be like or similar to (something); to represent as similar.

resentful /ɹɪˈzɛntfəl/ more resentful most resentful adj
obrażalski
Inclined to resent, who tends to harbor resentment, when wronged.

resentment /ɹɪˈzɛnt.mənt/ resentments n
ansa resentyment
Anger or displeasure stemming from belief that one has been wronged or betrayed by others; indignation.

reservation /ˌɹɛzəˈveɪʃən/ /ˌɹɛzɚˈveɪʃən/ reservations n
zastrzeżenie
(often, in the plural) A limiting qualification regarding certainty; a doubt.
rezerwacja
An arrangement by which accommodation or transport arrangements are secured in advance.

reserve /ɹɪˈzɜːv/ /ɹɪˈzɝv/ reserves n
rezerwa
Restraint of freedom in words or actions; backwardness; caution in personal behavior.
rezerwacja rezerwowa rezerwowy zastrzeżenie
The act of reserving or keeping back; reservation; exception.
odwód rezerwa
(military) A body of troops kept in the rear of an army drawn up for battle, reserved to support the other lines as occasion may require; a force or body of troops kept for an exigency.
rezerwa rezerwat
A tract of land reserved, or set apart, for a particular purpose
rezerwa zapas zapasy
That which is reserved or kept back, as for future use.
rezerwat rezerwowa rezerwowy
(Canada) A tract of land set apart for the use of an Aboriginal group; Indian reserve (compare US reservation.)
rezerwy
A natural resource known to exist but not currently exploited.

reserve /ɹɪˈzɜːv/ /ɹɪˈzɝv/ v
rezerwować zarezerwować
To book in advance; to make a reservation.

reserve price reserve prices n
cena wywoławcza
The price set by a seller in an auction, below which the lot or item cannot be sold.

reserved /ɹɪˈzɜːvd/ /ɹɪˈzɝvd/ more reserved most reserved adj
powściągliwy
(comparable) Slow to reveal emotion or opinions.
zarezerwowany
(not comparable) Set aside for a particular person or purpose.

reservist reservists n
rezerwista rezerwistka
A soldier who is assigned as reserved; after training, no longer in full active duty.

reservoir /ˈɹɛz.ə(ɹ).vwɑɹ/ /ˈɹɛz.ə(ɹ).vwɔɹ/ /ˈɹɛz.ə(ɹ).vɔɹ/ /ˈɹɛz.ə.vwɑː(ɹ)/ reservoirs n
zbiornik rezerwuar
A place where anything is kept in store.
rezerwuar akwen zbiornik
A large natural or artificial lake used as a source of water supply.

reset /ɹiːˈsɛt/ /ˈɹiː.sɛt/ resets n
reset
(also, figurative) The act of resetting to the initial state.

reset /ɹiːˈsɛt/ /ˈɹiː.sɛt/ v
resetować zresetować
To set back to the initial state.

resettle v
przesiedlać przesiedlić
(transitive) to force someone to settle in a different place

reside /ɹɪˈzaɪd/ v
mieszkać pomieszkać zamieszkać zamieszkiwać
To dwell permanently or for a considerable time; to have a settled abode for a time; to remain for a long time.

residence /ˈɹɛz.ɪ.dəns/ residences n
miejsce zamieszkania
The place where one lives (resides); one's home.
mieszkanie
A building or portion thereof used as a home, such as a house#Noun or an apartment#Noun therein.
pobyt
The state of living in a particular place or environment.

residence permit residence permits n
pozwolenie na pobyt stały
The right to legally reside in a country.

resident /ˈɹɛzɪd(ə)nt/ residents n
mieszkaniec mieszkanka rezydent rezydentka
A person, animal or plant living at a certain location or in a certain area.

residue /ˈɹɛzɪdjuː/ /ˈɹɛzɪduː/ residues n
osad
(chemistry) The substance that remains after evaporation, distillation, filtration or any similar process.

resignation /ˌɹɛz.ɪɡˈneɪ.ʃən/ resignations n
dymisja rezygnacja
The act of resigning.

resigned /ɹɪˈzaɪnd/ adj
zrezygnowany
Characterized by resignation or acceptance.

resilience /ɹɪˈzɪl.ɪ.əns/ resiliences n
odporność
(psychology, neuroscience) The mental ability to recover quickly from depression, illness or misfortune.
sprężystość
(physics) The physical property of material that can resume its shape after being stretched or deformed; elasticity.

resilient /ɹɪˈzɪl.jənt/ more resilient most resilient adj
elastyczny
Returning quickly to original shape after force is applied; elastic. (of objects or substances)

resin /ˈɹɛzɪn/ resins n
żywica
A viscous hydrocarbon secretion of many plants, particularly coniferous trees.
Any of various yellowish viscous liquids or soft solids of plant origin; used in lacquers, varnishes and many other applications; chemically they are mostly hydrocarbons, often polycyclic.
Any synthetic compound of similar properties.

resinous more resinous most resinous adj
żywicowy żywiczny
of, or pertaining to, resin

resist /ɹəˈzɪst/ /ɹɪˈzɪst/ v
opierać
(transitive) To attempt to counter the actions or effects of.

resistance /ɹɪˈzɪstəns/ resistances n
opór rezystancja oporność sprzeciw
The act of resisting, or the capacity to resist.
opór
(physics) A force that tends to oppose motion.
ruch oporu opór
An underground organisation engaged in a struggle for liberation from forceful occupation; a resistance movement.

resistanceless adj
bezoporny

resistant /ɹəˈzɪstənt/ more resistant most resistant adj
oporny
Which makes resistance or offers opposition.
odporny oporny
Which is not affected or overcome by a disease, drug, chemical or atmospheric agent, extreme of temperature, etc.

resistant /ɹəˈzɪstənt/ resistants n
przeciwniczka przeciwnik
A person who resists; especially a member of a resistance movement.

resistor /ɹɪˈzɪstə/ /ɹɪˈzɪstɚ/ resistors n
opornik rezystor
(electronics) An electric component that transmits current in direct proportion to the voltage across it.

resocialization resocializations n
resocjalizacja

resolute /ˈɹɛ.zəˌl(j)uːt/ /ˌɹɛ.zəˈl(j)uːt/ more resolute most resolute adj
zdecydowany rezolutny stanowczy śmiały
Firm, unyielding, determined.

resolution /ˌɹɛzəˈl(j)uʃ(ə)n/ /ˌɹɛzəˈluːʃ(ə)n/ resolutions n
postanowienie
A statement of intent, a vow
rozdzielczość
(computing, photography) The degree of fineness with which an image can be recorded or produced, often expressed as the number of pixels per unit of length (typically an inch).
(computing) The number of pixels in an image being stored or displayed.
rezolucja uchwała
A formal statement adopted by an assembly, or during any other formal meeting.

resolve /ɹiːˈzɒlv/ /ɹɪˈzɑlv/ /ɹɪˈzɒlv/ resolves n
stanowczość zdecydowanie
(uncountable) Determination; will power.

resolve /ɹiːˈzɒlv/ /ɹɪˈzɑlv/ /ɹɪˈzɒlv/ v
postanawiać postanowić
(intransitive) To make a firm decision to do something. To become determined to reach a certain goal or take a certain action.
rozwiązywać rozwiązać
To cause to perceive or understand; to acquaint; to inform; to convince; to assure; to make certain.

resolving power resolving powers n
rozdzielczość
A quantitative measure of the ability of an optical instrument to produce separable images.

resonance /ˈɹɛzənəns/ resonances n
pogłos
(countable) A resonant sound, echo, or reverberation, such as that produced by blowing over the top of a bottle.
rezonans
(astronomy) An influence of the gravitational forces of one orbiting object on the orbit of another, causing periodic perturbations.

resorption resorptions n
resorpcja wchłanianie
(medicine) The loss and reassimilation of bone (or other) material.

resort /ɹɪˈzɔɹt/ /ɹɪˈzɔːt/ resorts n
kurort uzdrowisko
A place where people go for recreation, especially one with facilities such as lodgings, entertainment, and a relaxing environment.

resort /ɹɪˈzɔɹt/ /ɹɪˈzɔːt/ v
uciec uciekać
(intransitive) To have recourse (to), now especially from necessity or frustration.

resort /ˌɹiːˈsɔ(ɹ)t/ v
ponownie posortować
(transitive, intransitive) To repeat a sorting process; sort again.

resort town resort towns n
kurort

resource /ɹɪˈso(ː)ɹs/ /ɹɪˈsoəs/ /ɹɪˈsɔɹs/ /ɹɪˈsɔːs/ /ɹɪˈzo(ː)ɹs/ /ɹɪˈzoəs/ /ɹɪˈzɔɹs/ /ɹɪˈzɔːs/ /ˈɹi(ː)so(ː)ɹs/ /ˈɹisɔɹs/ /ˈɹiːsoəs/ /ˈɹiːsɔːs/ resources n
zasób środki
Something that one uses to achieve an objective, e.g. raw materials or personnel.

resourceful more resourceful most resourceful adj
pomysłowy zaradny
Capable or clever; able to put available resources to efficient or ingenious use; using materials at hand wisely or efficiently.

resourcefulness resourcefulnesses n
zaradność
The ability to cope with difficult situations, or unusual problems.

respect /ɹɪˈspɛkt/ respects n
szacunek respekt poważanie estyma uważanie atencja
(uncountable) an attitude of consideration or high regard
(countable) a particular aspect, feature or detail of something

respect /ɹɪˈspɛkt/ v
poważać szanować respektować
To have respect for.
uszanować szanować
To have regard for something, to observe a custom, practice, rule or right.
To take notice of; to regard as worthy of special consideration; to heed.

respectable [ɹɪ.ˈspɛk.tə.bl̩] more respectable most respectable adj
godny szacunku
Deserving respect.

respectful /ɹɪˈspɛktfəl/ more respectful most respectful adj
atencjonalny
Marked or characterized by respect

respectfully /ɹɪˈspɛktfəli/ more respectfully most respectfully adv
z całym szacunkiem
In a respectful manner.

respective /ɹɪˈspɛktɪv/ adj
odpowiedni poszczególny
Relating to particular persons or things, each to each; particular; own.

respectively /ɹɪˈspɛktɪvli/ more respectively most respectively adv
odpowiednio
In a relative manner; often used when comparing array lists, where the term denotes that the items in the lists correspond to each other in the order they are given.

respelling respellings n
inna pisownia

respirator respirators n
respirator
A device designed to allow breathing when it would otherwise be hindered, as by a medical condition or the presence of poisonous vapors.

respiratory /ɹɪˈspaɪ.ɹəˌtɔɹ.i/ /ɹɪˈspɪ.ɹə.tɹi/ /ɹɪˈspɪ.ɹət.ə.ɹi/ /ɹɪˈspʌɪ.ɹə.tɹi/ /ɹɪˈspʌɪ.ɹət.ə.ɹi/ /ˈɹɛs.pə.ɹə.tɹi/ /ˈɹɛs.pə.ɹət.ə.ɹi/ /ˈɹɛs.pəɹ.əˌtɔɹ.i/ /ˈɹɛs.pɹə.tɹi/ /ˈɹɛs.pɹəˌtɔɹ.i/ adj
oddechowy
(relational) Relating to respiration or the organs of respiration; breathing.

respiratory system respiratory systems n
układ oddechowy
(anatomy) The system of organs serving for respiration.

respiratory tract respiratory tracts n
drogi oddechowe
(anatomy) The passages, divided into an upper and a lower part, through which air enters and leaves the body, including the mouth, nose and nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and conducting bronchioles, sometimes further including the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli.

resplendent /ɹɪˈsplɛn.dənt/ more resplendent most resplendent adj
błyszczący
Shiny and colourful, and thus pleasing to the eye.

respond /ɹəˈspɑnd/ /ɹəˈspɒnd/ /ɹɪˈspɑnd/ /ɹɪˈspɒnd/ v
reagować zareagować
(intransitive) To act in return; to carry out an action or in return to a force or stimulus; to do something in response.

respondent /ɹɪˈspɑn.dənt/ /ɹɪˈspɒn.dənt/ /ɹɪˈspɔn.dənt/ respondents n
pozwana pozwany
(law) A defendant, especially in a case instituted by a petition or in appellate and divorce proceedings.
ankietowana ankietowany respondent respondentka
A person replying to a questionnaire.

response /ɹɪˈspɑns/ /ɹɪˈspɒns/ responses n
odpowiedź
An answer or reply, or something in the nature of an answer or reply.

responsibility /ɹɪˌspɑn.səˈbɪl.ə.ti/ /ɹɪˌspɒn.səˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/ [ɹɪˌspɑn.səˈbɪl.ə.ɾi] responsibilities n
odpowiedzialność
The state of being responsible, accountable, or answerable. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]
The state of being liable, culpable, or responsible for something in particular.
A duty, obligation or liability for which someone is held accountable.

responsible /ɹɪˈspɑnsəbəl/ /ɹɪˈspɒnsəbəl/ [ɹɪˈspɑnsəbl̩] [ɹɪˈspɒnsəbl̩] more responsible most responsible adj
odpowiedzialny
(postpositive, followed by "for") Having the duty of taking care of something; answerable for an act performed or for its consequences; accountable; amenable, especially legally or politically.

responsible /ɹɪˈspɑnsəbəl/ /ɹɪˈspɒnsəbəl/ [ɹɪˈspɑnsəbl̩] [ɹɪˈspɒnsəbl̩] responsibles n
odpowiedzialna odpowiedzialny

responsibly more responsibly most responsibly adv
odpowiedzialnie
In a responsible manner. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

responsive /ɹɪˈspɑn.sɪv/ /ɹɪˈspɒn.sɪv/ more responsive most responsive adj
odpowiadający
answering, replying or responding

rest /ɹɛst/ n
odpoczynek
(uncountable, of a person or animal) Relief from work or activity by sleeping; sleep.
reszta
(uncountable) That which remains.

rest /ɹɛst/ v
odpoczywać
(intransitive, transitive, reflexive, copulative) To be or to put into a state of rest.

rest area rest areas n
MOP miejsce obsługi podróżnych
A place, usually on a limited-access highway, where one can stop to use the restroom or to take a break from travelling.

rest assured v
spokojna głowa
(intransitive, idiomatic) Be sure; not need to worry; trust.

rest in peace v
spoczywaj w pokoju
A blessing or expression of hope that a deceased person is at peace.

rest on one's laurels v
spoczywać na laurach spocząć na laurach
(idiomatic) To rely on a past success instead of trying to improve oneself further.

restart /ˈɹiːˌstɑɹt/ /ˈɹiːˌstɑːt/ /ˌɹɪˈstɑɹt/ /ˌɹɪˈstɑːt/ restarts n
restart
The act of starting something again.

restart /ˈɹiːˌstɑɹt/ /ˈɹiːˌstɑːt/ /ˌɹɪˈstɑɹt/ /ˌɹɪˈstɑːt/ v
restartować zrestartować
(computing) Synonym of reboot.

restaurant /ˈɹɛs.t(ə).ɹ(ə)nt/ /ˈɹɛs.t(ə).ɹɒnt/ /ˈɹɛs.t(ə).ɹɒ̃/ /ˈɹɛs.t(ə).ɹənt/ /ˈɹɛs.t(ə)ˌɹɑnt/ restaurants n
restauracja
An eating establishment in which diners are served food, usually by waiters at their tables but sometimes (as in a fast food restaurant) at a counter.

restaurateur /ˌɹɛst(ə)ɹəˈtɜː/ restaurateurs n
restaurator restauratorka
The owner of a restaurant.

restharrow /ˈɹɛsthaɹəʊ/ restharrows n
wilżyna
Any of various species of small shrubs making up the genus Ononis, especially Ononis repens, which has pink flowers.

restitution /ˌɹɛstɪˈtjuʃən/ /ˌɹɛstɪˈtuʃən/ restitutions n
odszkodowanie restytucja
(legal) A process of compensation for losses.
restytucja
A return or restoration to a previous condition or position.

restless /ˈɹɛstləs/ /ˈɹɛstlɪs/ more restless most restless adj
bez odpoczynku
Not allowing or affording rest.
Deprived of rest or sleep.
niespokojny
Without rest; unable to be still or quiet; uneasy; continually moving.
niezaspokojony
Not satisfied to be at rest or in peace; averse to repose; eager for change; discontented.

restless legs syndrome n
zespół niespokojnych nóg
A neurological disorder characterized by an irresistible urge to move one's body to stop uncomfortable or odd sensations, usually in the legs.

restlessness /ˈɹɛstləsnəs/ restlessnesses n
niepokój wzburzenie zniecierpliwienie
The state or condition of being restless; an inability to be still, quiet, at peace or comfortable.

restoration /ɹɛstəˈɹeɪʃən/ restorations n
odbudowa
The process of bringing an object back to its original state; the process of restoring something.

restore /ɹɪˈsto(ː)ɹ/ /ɹɪˈstoə/ /ɹɪˈstɔɹ/ /ɹɪˈstɔː/ v
odnowić przywracać przywrócić
(transitive) To give or bring back (that which has been lost or taken); to bring back to the owner; to replace.

restraint /ɹɪˈstɹeɪnt/ restraints n
ograniczenie
(countable) something that restrains, ties, fastens or secures
opanowanie
(uncountable) control or caution; reserve

restrict /ɹɪˈstɹɪkt/ v
ograniczać ograniczyć
To restrain within boundaries; to limit; to confine

restricted /ɹɪˈstɹɪktɪd/ more restricted most restricted adj
zastrzeżony
Available only to certain authorized groups of people.

restriction /ɹɪˈstɹɪkʃən/ restrictions n
restrykcja obostrzenie
A regulation or limitation that restricts.

restrictive /ɹɪˈstɹɪktɪv/ more restrictive most restrictive adj
ograniczający restrykcyjny
Confining, limiting, containing within defined bounds.

restroom restrooms n
ubikacja WC kibel klop sracz łazienka
(US, Philippines, euphemism) A room containing a public toilet: a public lavatory.

restructuring restructurings n
restrukturalizacja restrukturyzacja
A reorganization; an alteration of structure.

result /ɹɪˈzʌlt/ results n
rezultat wynik
That which results; the conclusion or end to which any course or condition of things leads, or which is obtained by any process or operation; consequence or effect.

resume /ɹəˈzjuːm/ /ɹəˈʒuːm/ /ɹɪˈz(j)um/ /ɹɪˈzjuːm/ v
wznawiać wznowić
(transitive) To start (something) again that has been stopped or paused from the point at which it was stopped or paused; continue, carry on. [from 15th c.]

resumption resumptions n
reasumpcja
The act of resuming or starting something again.

resumptive more resumptive most resumptive adj
reasumujący

resupply /ˈɹiː.sə.ˌplaɪ/ /ˌɹiː.sə.ˈplaɪ/ v
zaopatrywać ponownie zaopatrywać się ponownie zaopatrzyć ponownie zaopatrzyć się ponownie
(transitive) To supply again.

resurface /ɹiːˈsɜː(ɹ)fɪs/ v
wypłynąć
(transitive) To provide a new surface, to replace or remodel the surface of something, or to restore a surface. To put a new coating or finish on a surface.

resurgence resurgences n
ożywienie
An instance of something resurging; a renewal of vigor or vitality.

resurrect /ɹɛzəˈɹɛkt/ v
wskrzesić wskrzeszać
(transitive) To raise from the dead, to bring life back to.
(intransitive) To rise from the dead; return to life.

resurrection /ɹɛzəˈɹɛkʃn̩/ /ɹɛzəˈɹɛkʃən/ resurrections n
zmartwychwstanie wskrzeszenie
The act of arising from the dead and becoming alive again.

resuscitation resuscitations n
reanimacja resuscytacja
The act of resuscitating.

ret /ɹɛt/ v
rosić
(transitive) To prepare (flax, hemp etc.) for further processing by soaking, which facilitates separation of fibers from the woody parts of the stem.

retable retables n
nastawa ołtarzowa
A table or shelf behind an altar, on which are placed images or holy objects.

retail /ˈɹiˌteɪl/ [ˈɹ̠ʷiˌtʰeɪ̯ɫ] adj
detaliczny
Of or relating to the (actual or figurative) sale of goods or services directly to individuals.

retail /ˈɹiˌteɪl/ [ˈɹ̠ʷiˌtʰeɪ̯ɫ] adv
detalicznie
Direct to consumers, in retail quantities, or at retail prices.

retail /ˈɹiˌteɪl/ [ˈɹ̠ʷiˌtʰeɪ̯ɫ] n
detal handel detaliczny
(business) The sale of goods directly to the consumer, encompassing the storefronts, mail-order, websites, etc., and the corporate mechanisms, branding, advertising, etc. that support them.

retail bank retail banks n
bankowość detaliczna
(banking) A bank whose chief business is providing banking services to the general public.

retail banking n
bankowość detaliczna
(banking) The activities of a retail bank.

retail price retail prices n
cena detaliczna
(management, accounting) The price that customers pay for goods in stores.

retainer /ɹəˈteɪn.ɚ/ /ɹɪˈteɪn.ə/ /ɹɪˈteɪn.ɚ/ retainers n
aparat ortodontyczny
(dentistry) A device that holds teeth in position after orthodontic treatment.

retake /ɹiːˈteɪk/ /ˈɹiːteɪk/ v
odzyskać odzyskiwać
To capture or occupy somewhere again.

retaliate /ɹɪˈtæl.i.eɪt/ v
mścić się
(intransitive) To do something harmful or negative to get revenge for some harm; to fight back or respond in kind to an injury or affront.

retaliation /-ʃɪn/ /ɹi-/ /ɹiˌtæl.iˈeɪ.ʃən/ /ɹə-/ /ɹɪˌtæl.iˈeɪ.ʃən/ retaliations n
odwet retaliacja
Violent or otherwise punitive response to an act of harm or perceived injustice; a hitting back; revenge.

retaliatory /ɹɪˈtælɪət(ə)ɹɪ/ more retaliatory most retaliatory adj
odwetowy
Relating to or part of a retaliation.

retarded /ɹiˈtɑɹdɪd/ /ɹɪˈtɑːdɪd/ more retarded most retarded adj
opóźniony
Delayed; delayed in development, hindered; impeded. [from 17th c.]

retch /ɹɛt͡ʃ/ v
rwać
To make an unsuccessful effort to vomit; to strain, as in vomiting.

retention /ɹɪˈtɛnʃən/ retentions n
pamięć
A memory; what is retained in the mind

rethink /ɹiːˈθɪŋk/ /ˈɹiːθɪŋk/ v
przemyśleć
To think again about something, with the intention of changing or replacing it.

reticent /ˈɹɛtɪsənt/ more reticent most reticent adj
dyskretny małomówny
Keeping one's thoughts and opinions to oneself; reserved or restrained.

reticulum reticula reticulums n
czepiec
(zoology) The second compartment of the stomach of a cow or other ruminant.

retina /ˈɹɛt.nə/ /ˈɹɛt.ə.nə/ /ˈɹɛt.ɪ.nə/ retinae retinas retinæ n
siatkówka
(ophthalmology) The thin layer of cells at the back of the eyeball that contains rods and cones sensitive to light, which trigger nerve impulses that pass via the optic nerve to the brain, where a visual image is formed.

retinue /ɹɪˈtɪnjuː/ /ˈɹɛt.ɪ.njuː/ /ˈɹɛtɪn(j)uː/ retinues n
asysta świta asystencja
A group of attendants or servants, especially of someone considered important.

retire /ɹəˈtaɪə(ɹ)/ /ɹəˈtaɪɹ/ v
przejść na emeryturę
(intransitive) To stop working on a permanent basis, usually because of old age or illness.

retired /ɹɪˈtaɪəd/ /ɹɪˈtaɪəɹd/ more retired most retired adj
emerytowany
Having left employment, especially on reaching pensionable age. [from 16th c.] (of people)

retiree /ɹəˈtaɪ.ə(ɹ)ˌiː/ retirees n
emeryt emerytka
Someone who has retired from active working.

retirement /ɹəˈtaɪə(ɹ).mənt/ retirements n
emerytura
The state of having permanently left one's employment, now especially at reaching pensionable age; the portion of one's life after retiring from one's career. [from 17th c.]

retirement home retirement homes n
dom starców dom spokojnej starości
A multi-residence housing facility intended for the elderly.

retort /ɹɪˈtɔɹt/ /ɹɪˈtɔːt/ retorts n
riposta
A sharp or witty reply, or one which turns an argument against its originator; a comeback.
retorta
(chemistry) A flask with a rounded base and a long neck that is bent down and tapered, used to heat a liquid for distillation.

retort /ɹɪˈtɔɹt/ /ɹɪˈtɔːt/ v
ripostować
To say something sharp or witty in answer to a remark or accusation.

retouch /ɹɪˈtʌtʃ/ /ˈɹiːtʌtʃ/ retouches n
retusz
The act of retouching.

retouch /ɹɪˈtʌtʃ/ /ˈɹiːtʌtʃ/ v
retuszować
(transitive) To improve something (especially a photograph), by adding or correcting details, or by removing flaws.

retranslation retranslations n
retranslacja
Translation again or anew.

retread /ɹiːˈtɹɛd/ /ˈɹiː.tɹɛd/ v
bieżnikować
To replace the traction-providing surface of a vehicle that employs tires, tracks or treads.

retreat /ɹiˈtɹiːt/ /ɹəˈtɹiːt/ /ɹɪˈtɹiːt/ retreats n
odwrót wycofanie
The act of pulling back or withdrawing, as from something dangerous, or unpleasant.
rekolekcje
A period of meditation, prayer or study.

retreat /ɹiˈtɹiːt/ /ɹəˈtɹiːt/ /ɹɪˈtɹiːt/ v
odstąpić odstępować wycofać wycofywać zarządzać odwrót
To withdraw military forces

retrenchment /ɹəˈtɹɛnt͡ʃm(ə)nt/ /ɹɪˈtɹɛn(t)ʃm(ə)nt/ [ɹi-] retrenchments n
oszczędność redukcja
A curtailment or reduction.
oszańcowanie
(military, dated) A defensive work constructed within a fortification to make it more defensible by allowing defenders to retreat into and fight from it even after the enemy has taken the outer work.

retribution /ˌɹɛt.ɹɪ.ˈbju.ʃən/ retributions n
odwet kara pomsta zemsta
Punishment inflicted in the spirit of moral outrage or personal vengeance.

retrieve /ɹiˈtɹiːv/ /ɹəˈtɹiːv/ /ɹɪˈtɹiːv/ v
odzyskać odzyskiwać
(transitive) To regain or get back something.
ratować uratować
(transitive) To rescue (a creature).
(transitive) To salvage something
naprawiać naprawić zaradzić
(transitive) To remedy or rectify something.
przypominać przypomnieć
(transitive) To remember or recall something.
przynieść przynosić
(transitive) To fetch or carry back something, especially (computing) a file or data record.

retriever /ɹiˈtɹivəɹ/ /ɹə-/ /ɹɪ-/ retrievers n
aporter
A type of gun dog that retrieves game for a hunter.

retro /ˈɹɛ.tɹoʊ/ more retro most retro adj
retro
Of, or relating to, the past, past times, or the way things were.

retroactive /ˌɹɛ.tɹoʊˈæk.tɪv/ /ˌɹɛt.ɹəʊˈæk.tɪv/ adj
retroaktywny
Extending in scope, effect, application or influence to a prior time or to prior conditions

retroactively /ˌɹɛtɹoʊˈæktɪvli/ adv
retroaktywnie
Done after the fact; applying to events that have previously transpired.

retrochoir /ˈɹɛ.tɹəˌkwaɪ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈɹɛ.tɹəˌkwaɪɚ/ retrochoirs n
ambit
(architecture) Any extension of a church behind the high altar, such as a chapel.

retrocognition /ˌɹɛtɹəʊkɒɡˈnɪʃən/ retrocognitions n
retrokognicja
(parapsychology) extrasensory knowledge of past events.

retrodigitization n
retrodigitalizacja

retroflex /ˈɹɛt.ɹoʊ.flɛks/ /ˈɹɛt.ɹə.flɛks/ /ˈɹɛt.ɹəʊ.flɛks/ more retroflex most retroflex adj
retrofleksyjny [[lamino-]]postalweolarny apikalno-postalweolarny apikalny postalweolarny apikalny zadziąsłowy laminalny postalweolarny
(phonetics) Of pronunciation in which the tip of the tongue is raised and bent backwards, so that the underside of the tongue approaches or touches the palate.
retrofleksyjny apikalno-postalweolarny apikalny postalweolarny apikalny zadziąsłowy z retrofleksją
(phonetics) Of pronunciation in which the tip of the tongue approaches or touches the back of the alveolar ridge.
retrofleksyjny [[lamino-]]postalweolarny laminalny postalweolarny laminalny zadziąsłowy z retrofleksją
(phonetics) Of pronunciation in which the blade of the tongue approaches or touches the back of the alveolar ridge.

retroflex /ˈɹɛt.ɹoʊ.flɛks/ /ˈɹɛt.ɹə.flɛks/ /ˈɹɛt.ɹəʊ.flɛks/ retroflexes n
spółgłoska subapikalna palatalna spółgłoska subapikalna prepalatalna spółgłoska subapikalno-palatalna spółgłoska subapikalno-prepalatalna
(phonetics) A consonant pronounced with the underside of the tongue approaching or touching the palate.
spółgłoska apikalna postalweolarna spółgłoska apikalna zadziąsłowa spółgłoska apikalno-postalweolarna spółgłoska retrofleksyjna spółgłoska subapikalna palatalna spółgłoska subapikalna prepalatalna
(phonetics) A consonant pronounced with the tip of the tongue approaching or touching the back of the alveolar ridge.
spółgłoska [[lamino-]]postalweolarna spółgłoska laminalna postalweolarna spółgłoska laminalna zadziąsłowa spółgłoska retrofleksyjna spółgłoska subapikalna palatalna spółgłoska subapikalna prepalatalna
(phonetics) A consonant pronounced with the blade of the tongue approaching or touching the back of the alveolar ridge.

retrograde amnesia retrograde amnesias n
amnezja wsteczna niepamięć wsteczna
The loss of memories from the period leading up to the amnesic episode.

retromandibular adj
zażuchwowy

retroreflector retroreflectors n
odblask
A retroreflective device or surface.

retrospection retrospections n
retrospekcja
The deliberate recall of past events

retrospectively more retrospectively most retrospectively adv
retrospektywnie
In a retrospective manner.

retrovirus retroviruses n
retrowirus
(virology) Any of a group of viruses which insert a copy of their RNA genome into the DNA of a host cell, thus changing the genome of that cell.

retry /riˈtɹaɪ/ /ˈriːtɹaɪ/ v
ponawiać próbę próbować ponownie
(ambitransitive) To try or attempt again.

retsina /ɹɛtˈsiːnə/ retsinas n
retsina
A Greek resinated white or rosé wine of a sort that has been produced for at least 2700 years.

return /ɹɪˈtɜːn/ /ɹɪˈtɝn/ returns n
powrót
The act of returning.
An account, or formal report, of an action performed, of a duty discharged, of facts or statistics, etc.; especially, in the plural, a set of tabulated statistics prepared for general information.
zwrot
An item that is returned, e.g. due to a defect, or the act of returning it.

return /ɹɪˈtɜːn/ /ɹɪˈtɝn/ v
wracać wrócić
(intransitive) To come or go back (to a place or person).
cofać cofnąć wycofać wycofywać
(intransitive) To go back in thought, narration, or argument.
cofać się cofnąć się wycofać się wycofywać się
(intransitive, obsolete) To turn back, retreat.
oddawać zwracać oddać zwrócić
(transitive) To give something back to its original holder or owner.
powracać powrócić
(intransitive, computing) To relinquish control to the calling procedure.
zwracać zwrócić
(transitive, computing) To pass (data) back to the calling procedure.

return on investment returns on investment n
zwrot z inwestycji
(finance) A benefit gained by an investor from an investment.

return the favor v
odwdzięczać się odwdzięczyć się

return ticket return tickets n
bilet powrotny
(travel) A ticket granting permission to travel to a place and return.

reunification reunifications n
zjednoczenie
The unification of something that was previously divided; used especially of a country.

reunion /ɹiːˈjuːnjən/ /ɹɪˈjuːnjən/ reunions n
zlot zjazd
A planned event at which members of a dispersed group meet together.

reusable more reusable most reusable adj
wielokrotnego użytku wielorazowy
Able to be used again; especially after salvaging or special treatment or processing

revalorization /ˌɹiːvaləɹʌɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ revalorizations n
rewaloryzacja
(economics) The fact or process of setting a new value for a given commodity, currency etc. [from 20th c.]
The establishment of a new value for something; revaluation, especially in a positive sense. [from 20th c.]

revaluation revaluations n
rewaloryzacja rewaluacja
The process of altering the relative value of a currency or other standard of exchange.
aktualizacja wyceny rewaloryzacja rewaluacja
(UK, pensions) The application of compound growth to the value of a pension benefit, specifically from the date of the member leaving the scheme (for example, moving to a different employer) to the date that the member starts receiving the benefit (typically retirement).

revalue v
przewartościować
To value again, give a new value to.

revamp /ɹiˈvæmp/ /ɹiːˈvæmp/ /ˈɹiˌvæmp/ /ˈɹiːvæmp/ v
odszykować
(transitive) To improve, renew, renovate, or revise (something). [from early 19th c.]

revanche /ɹəˈvænt͡ʃ/ /ɹəˈvɑnt͡ʃ/ /ɹəˈvɑ̃ʃ/ revanches n
rewanż zemsta
Revenge or retaliation.

revanchism /ɹəˈvɑnt͡ʃɪz(ə)m/ /ɹɪˈvæn(t)ʃɪz(ə)m/ revanchisms n
rewanżyzm
The political policy of endeavouring to regain lost territory.

revanchist /ɹəˈvɑnt͡ʃɪst/ /ɹɪˈvæn(t)ʃɪst/ adj
odwetowy rewanżystowski rewanżystyczny
Seeking revenge or otherwise advocating retaliation, especially against a nation which has previously defeated and humiliated the revanchist party in war. Originally referred to the French indignation over losing Alsace-Lorraine to Germany in the Franco-Prussian War.

revanchist /ɹəˈvɑnt͡ʃɪst/ /ɹɪˈvæn(t)ʃɪst/ revanchists n
odwetowiec odwetówka rewanżysta rewanżystka
A revanchist person; occasionally, anyone seeking vengeance.

reveal /ɹəˈvil/ /ɹəˈviːl/ /ɹɪˈvil/ /ɹɪˈviːl/ [ɹɪˈvɪil] v
odkrywać ujawniać odkryć odsłaniać odsłonić ujawnić
(transitive) To uncover; to show and display that which was hidden.

revealed religion revealed religions n
religia objawiona
(uncountable) The type of religion which relies on communication originating directly from a divine being (as reported by prophets, mystics, disciples, etc.) to establish what religious beliefs are authoritative and acceptable.

revel /ˈɹɛv.əl/ revels n
biesiada birbantka hulanka pohulanka uczta
An instance of merrymaking; a celebration.

revel /ˈɹɛv.əl/ v
bachować bachusować biesiadować birbantować hulać ucztować
To make merry; to have a happy, lively time.
rozkoszować się
To take delight (in something).

revelation /ˌɹɛv.əˈleɪ.ʃən/ revelations n
objawienie
(theology) A manifestation of divine truth.

reveller revellers n
bibosz birbant hulaka imprezowicz imprezowiczka kompanion
One who attends revels; a partygoer.

revelrous more revelrous most revelrous adj
birbancki hulaszczy

revenant /ˈɹɛvənənt/ revenants n
odrodzony powracający
Someone who returns from a long absence.
odrodzony
A person or thing reborn.
upiór zombie
A supernatural being that returns from the dead; a zombie or ghost.

revenge /ɹiˈvɛnd͡ʒ/ /ɹəˈvendʒ/ /ɹəˈvɛnd͡ʒ/ /ɹɪˈvɛnd͡ʒ/ revenges n
zemsta odwet pomsta
Any form of personal, retaliatory action against an individual, institution, or group for some alleged or perceived harm or injustice.

revenge /ɹiˈvɛnd͡ʒ/ /ɹəˈvendʒ/ /ɹəˈvɛnd͡ʒ/ /ɹɪˈvɛnd͡ʒ/ v
mścić pomścić zemścić
(transitive) To take revenge for (a particular harmful action) or on behalf of (its victim); to avenge.

revenge is a dish best served cold proverb
zemsta najlepiej smakuje na zimno
Revenge is best or most satisfying when delayed.

revenge is sweet phraseologicalUnit
zemsta jest rozkoszą bogów zemsta jest słodka
Said when one is satisfied in taking revenge.

revenue /ɹɪˈvɛnjuː/ /ˈɹɛvənjuː/ /ˈɹɛvəˌn(j)u/ revenues n
dochód przychód
The income returned by an investment.
dochód
The total income received from a given source.
All income generated for some political entity's treasury by taxation and other means.
obroty
(accounting) The total sales; turnover.

reverberation /ɹiˈvɜː(ɹ)bəɹeɪʃən/ /ɹəˈvɜː(ɹ)bəɹeɪʃən/ /ɹɪˈvɜː(ɹ)bəɹeɪʃən/ reverberations n
pogłos
An echo, or a series of overlapping echoes.

reverence /ˈɹɛv.ə.ɹəns/ /ˈɹɛv.ɹəns/ reverences n
rewerencja
Veneration; profound awe and respect, normally in a sacred context.

reverend /ˈɹɛvəɹənd/ /ˈɹɛvɹənd/ reverends n
duchowny
(informal) A member of the Christian clergy; a minister.

reverse /ɹɪˈvɜːs/ /ɹɪˈvɝs/ adj
odwrócony
Pertaining to engines, vehicle movement etc. moving in a direction opposite to the usual direction. [from 19th c.]
(rail transport, of points) To be in the non-default position; to be set for the lesser-used route.

reverse /ɹɪˈvɜːs/ /ɹɪˈvɝs/ reverses n
reszka rewers
(numismatics) The tails side of a coin, or the side of a medal or badge that is opposite the obverse. [from 17th c.]

reverse Polish notation n
odwrotna notacja polska
(arithmetic) An arithmetic notation in which numbers precede the operators to be applied to them.

reverse charge phraseologicalUnit
odwrotne obciążenie
(taxation) Added to an invoice to indicate that receiver of the goods or services in another member state of European Union is responsible for paying VAT.

reverse dictionary reverse dictionaries n
słownik a tergo słownik regresywny
A dictionary in which entries are sorted alphabetically by their last letter, then second-to-last, and so on: Nausicaa would precede Hecuba, which would precede orca; influenza would precede cab, and so on.

reverse engineering n
inżynieria wsteczna
The process of analyzing the construction and operation of a product in order to manufacture a similar one.

reverse osmosis n
odwrócona osmoza
(chemistry) a technique whereby a solution is forced through a semipermeable membrane under pressure; used to generate drinkable water from seawater, or to separate chemical compounds

reversibility reversibilities n
odwracalność
The property of being reversible.

reversible /ɹəˈvɜː(ɹ)sɪbəl/ adj
odwracalny
Able to be reversed.
odwołalny
(of, clothing) Able to be worn inside out.

revert /ɹiˈvɝt/ /ɹɪˈvɜːt/ /ɹɪˈvɝt/ /ˈɹiˌvɝt/ /ˈɹiːˌvɜːt/ v
powrócić
(transitive, now, rare) To turn back, or turn to the contrary; to reverse.

review /ɹɪˈvjuː/ reviews n
powtórka powtórzenie repetycja
A second or subsequent reading of a text or artifact in an attempt to gain new insights.
recenzja wydanie krytyczne
An account intended as a critical evaluation of a text or a piece of work.
rewizja
(legal) A judicial reassessment of a case or an event.
przegląd
A stage show made up of topical sketches etc.
A survey of the available items or material.
A periodical which makes a survey of the arts or some other field.
A military inspection or display for the benefit of superiors or VIPs.
kontrola
A forensic inspection to assess compliance with regulations or some code.

review /ɹɪˈvjuː/ v
recenzować zrecenzować
To write a critical evaluation of a new art work etc.; to write a review.

revile /ɹəˈvaɪl/ v
lżyć napiętnować piętnować zelżyć
(ambitransitive) To attack (someone) with abusive language.

revise /ɹɪˈvaɪ̯z/ v
powtarzać
(obsolete) To look at again, to reflect on.

revisionism /ɹɪˈvɪʒəˌnɪzəm/ revisionisms n
rewizjonizm
(historiography) The advocacy of a revision of some accepted theory, doctrine or a view of historical events.

revisionist /ɹɪˈvɪʒənɪst/ revisionists n
rewizjonista rewizjonistka
A proponent of revisionism

revitalization revitalizations n
rewitalizacja
The process of revitalizing.

revival /ɹɪˈvaɪvəl/ revivals n
odrodzenie ożywienie przebudzenie

revocable adj
odwołalny
Having the ability of being revoked; capable of being revoked.

revolt /ɹɪˈvoʊlt/ /ɹɪˈvɒlt/ /ɹɪˈvəʊlt/ revolts n
bunt rewolta
An act of revolting.

revolution /ˌɹɛv.əˈl(j)uː.ʃən/ revolutions n
rewolucja przewrót
A political upheaval in a government or state characterized by great change.
The removal and replacement of a government, especially by sudden violent action.
A sudden, vast change in a situation, a discipline, or the way of thinking and behaving.
obrót
Rotation: the turning of an object around an axis, one complete turn of an object during rotation.
In the case of celestial bodies, the traversal of one body along an orbit around another body.

revolutionarily adv
rewolucyjnie

revolutionary /-ˈljuː-/ /ˌɹɛvəˈluʃənɛɹi/ /ˌɹɛvəˈluːʃənɹi/ more revolutionary most revolutionary adj
rewolucyjny
Of or pertaining to a revolution in government; tending to, or promoting, revolution
pertaining to something that portends of great change; overthrowing a standing mindset

revolutionary /-ˈljuː-/ /ˌɹɛvəˈluʃənɛɹi/ /ˌɹɛvəˈluːʃənɹi/ revolutionaries n
rewolucjonista rewolucjonistka
A revolutionist; a person who revolts.

revolutionize /ˌɹev.əˈl(j)uː.ʃəˌnɑɪz/ /ˌɹɛv.əˈl(j)u.ʃəˌnaɪz/ /ˌɹɛv.əˈl(j)uː.ʃəˌnaɪz/ v
rewolucjonizować zrewolucjonizować
to radically or significantly change, as in a revolution

revolve /ɹɪˈvɒlv/ v
kręcić się
(intransitive) To orbit a central point (especially of a celestial body). [from 17th c.]
kręcić się wirować
(transitive, now, rare) To ponder on; to reflect repeatedly upon; to consider all aspects of. [from 15th c.]

revolver /ɹɪˈvɒl.vɚ/ revolvers n
rewolwer bębenkowiec
(firearms) A handgun with a revolving chamber enabling several shots to be fired without reloading.

revolving door revolving doors n
drzwi obrotowe
A door that rotates around a central pivot.

revue /ɹəˈvjuː/ /ɹɪˈvjuː/ revues n
rewia
A form of theatrical entertainment in which recent events, popular fads, etc., are parodied.

reward /ɹiˈwɔɹd/ /ɹəˈwɔɹd/ /ɹəˈwɔːd/ /ɹɪˈwɑː(ɹ)d/ /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/ /ɹɪˈwɔːd/ rewards n
nagroda wynagrodzenie
Something of value given in return for an act.
nagroda wyróżnienie
A prize promised for a certain deed or catch

reward /ɹiˈwɔɹd/ /ɹəˈwɔɹd/ /ɹəˈwɔːd/ /ɹɪˈwɑː(ɹ)d/ /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/ /ɹɪˈwɔːd/ v
nagradzać nagrodzić
(transitive) To give a reward to or for.

reworder reworders n
osoba, która przeredagowuje

rewrap v
przewijać przewinąć

rewrite /ɹiˈɹaɪt/ /ɹiːˈɹaɪt/ /ˈɹi.ɹaɪt/ /ˈɹiː.ɹaɪt/ v
przepisać przepisywać
(transitive) To write again (without changes).

rewrite history v
zmieniać historię zmienić historię

rhapsody /ˈɹæpsədi/ rhapsodies n
rapsod rapsodia
(Ancient Greece, poetry, historical) An epic poem, or part of one, suitable for uninterrupted recitation.

rhea /ˈɹiːə/ rheas n
nandu
A large flightless bird of the genus Rhea, native to South America.

rheme /ɹiːm/ rhemes n
remat
(linguistics) The part of a sentence that provides new information regarding the current theme.

rhenium /ˈɹiːniəm/ rheniums n
ren
A metallic chemical element (symbol Re) with an atomic number of 75: a heavy, silvery-gray transition metal.

rhesus macaque rhesus macaques n
rezus
A monkey, Macaca mulatta, common throughout southern Asia, that is extensively used for medical research.

rhetoric /ˈɹɛtəɹɪk/ rhetorics n
retoryka
The art of using language, especially public speaking, as a means to persuade.
Meaningless language with an exaggerated style intended to impress.

rhetorical /ɹəˈtɒɹ.ɪ.kəl/ /ɹəˈtɔɹɪkəl/ /ɹɪˈtɒɹ.ɪ.kəl/ /ɹɪˈtɔɹɪkəl/ adj
retoryczny
Part of or similar to rhetoric, the use of language as a means to persuade.

rhetorical question rhetorical questions n
pytanie retoryczne pytania retoryczne
A question posed only for dramatic or persuasive effect.

rheum /ɹuːm/ /ɹɪu̯m/ rheums n
katar
(uncountable) Thin or watery discharge of mucus or serum, especially from the eyes or nose, formerly thought to cause disease. [from 14th c.]

rheumatic /ɹuːˈmætɪk/ more rheumatic most rheumatic adj
reumatyczny
Resembling or relating to rheumatism.

rheumatically more rheumatically most rheumatically adv
reumatycznie
In a rheumatic manner.

rheumatism /ˈɹu.məˌtɪz.əm/ /ˈɹu.məˌtɪz/ rheumatisms n
reumatyzm
(pathology) Any disorder of the muscles, tendons, joints, bones, nerves, characterized by pain, discomfort and disability.

rheumatoid arthritis rheumatoid arthritides n
reumatoidalne zapalenie stawów
(pathology) A chronic and progressive disease in which the immune system attacks the joints. It is characterised by pain, inflammation and swelling of the joints, stiffness, weakness, loss of mobility and deformity. Tissues throughout the body can be affected, including the skin, blood vessels, heart, lungs, and muscles.

rheumatology n
reumatologia
(medicine) The branch of medicine specializing in arthritis and other ailments of the joints.

rheumy /ˈɹumi/ /ˈɹuːmi/ rheumier rheumiest adj
kaprawy
Producing rheum from the mucous membranes; (also, figuratively) especially of the eyes: filled with rheum; watery.

rhino- /ɹaɪˈnɒ-/ /ˌɹaɪnoʊ-/ prefix
ryno-
Of the nose.

rhinoceros /ɹaɪˈnɑs.ɚ.əs/ /ɹaɪˈnɒs.ə.ɹəs/ rhinoceri rhinoceroi rhinoceros rhinoceroses rhinocerosses rhinocerotes n
nosorożec
Any of several large herbivorous ungulates native to Africa and Asia of the five extant species in the three extant genera in the family Rhinocerotidae, with thick, gray skin and one or two horns on their snouts.

rhinology n
rynologia
The scientific study of the nose

rhizo- prefix
ryzo-

rhizobium rhizobia n
bakterioryza
(biology) Any of various bacteria, of the genus Rhizobium, that form nodules on the roots of legumes and fix nitrogen.

rhizome /ˈɹaɪzoʊm/ rhizomes n
kłącze
(botany) A horizontal, underground stem of some plants that sends out roots and shoots (scions) from its nodes.

rhizosphere rhizospheres n
ryzosfera
(soil science) the soil region subject to the influence of plant roots and their associated microorganisms

rhizotonic adj
mający akcent na rdzeniu
(linguistics, of an inflected form) Having the stressed syllable within the root of the word.

rho /ɹoʊ/ /ɹəʊ/ rhos n
rho ro
The seventeenth letter of the Modern Greek and Classical alphabets and the nineteenth letter of Old and Ancient.

rhodium /ˈɹoʊdiəm/ rhodiums n
rod
A rare, hard, silvery-white, inert metallic chemical element (symbol Rh) with an atomic number of 45.

rhododendron /ɹoʊdəˈdɛndɹən/ rhododendra rhododendrons n
różanecznik azalia rododendron
Any of various flowering shrubs in the genus Rhododendron, especially

rhodonite rhodonites n
rodonit
(mineral) A manganese inosilicate mineral with some substitution by iron and magnesium, of composition (Mn2+,Fe,Mg,Ca)SiO3.

rhodopsin rhodopsins n
rodopsyna
(biochemistry) A light-sensitive pigment in the rod cells of the retina; it consists of an opsin protein bound to the carotenoid retinal

rhombic adj
rombowy
Having the characteristics of a rhombus.

rhombic dodecahedron rhombic dodecahedra rhombic dodecahedrons n
dwunastościan rombowy
(geometry) A convex polyhedron that has 12 congruent rhombic faces, 24 edges and 14 vertices of two types (eight 3-edge and six 4-edge) and is a Catalan solid.

rhombicosidodecahedron /ˌɹɑmbaɪˌkoʊsidoʊˌdɛkəˈhidɹə/ /ˌɹɑmbaɪˌkoʊsidoʊˌdɛkəˈhidɹən/ /ˌɹɑmbə-/ /ˌɹɒmbaɪˌkəʊsidəʊˌdɛkəˈhiːdɹə/ /ˌɹɒmbaɪˌkəʊsidəʊˌdɛkəˈhiːdɹən/ /ˌɹɒmbɪ-/ rhombicosidodecahedra rhombicosidodecahedrons n
dwunasto-dwudziestościan rombowy mały
(geometry) An Archimedean solid with 62 regular faces (20 triangles, 30 squares, and 12 pentagons), 60 vertices and 120 edges.

rhombicuboctahedron rhombicuboctahedra rhombicuboctahedrons n
[[sześć|sześcio-]]ośmiościan rombowy mały
(geometry) An Archimedean solid with eight triangular and eighteen square faces; the small rhombicuboctahedron.

rhombihexahedron rhombihexahedrons n
rombowy sześcian

rhombohedral adj
mający trzy równe osie i wypukłe kąty
(crystallography) Having three equal axes and oblique angles.

rhombohedron rhombohedra rhombohedrons n
romboedr rombościan
A prism with six faces, each a rhombus.

rhombus /ˈɹɑːmbəs/ /ˈɹɒmbəs/ rhombi rhombuses n
romb
(geometry) A parallelogram having all sides of equal length. [from 16th c.]

rhonchus /ˈɹɑŋ.kəs/ /ˈɹɒŋ.kəs/ rhonchi n
rzężenia rzężenie
(medicine) A dry rattling sound heard during breathing, due to deposits in the bronchial tubes.

rhotacism /ˈɹoʊtəsɪzəm/ rhotacisms n
rotacyzm
(countable, phonology) A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R, such as Latin flos becoming florem in the accusative case; rhotacization.

rhubarb /ˈɹuˌbɑɹb/ /ˈɹuːbɑːb/ [ɹɪu̯-] [ˈɹuːbaɹb] rhubarb rhubarbs n
rabarbar rzewień
Any plant of the genus Rheum, especially Rheum rhabarbarum, having large leaves and long green or reddish acidic leafstalks that are edible, in particular when cooked (although the leaves are mildly poisonous).

rhumb line rhumb lines n
loksodroma
(nautical) A line that cuts all meridians at the same angle, the path of a vessel that maintains a constant compass direction.

rhyme /ɹaɪm/ rhymes n
rym
A thought expressed in verse; a verse; a poem; a tale told in verse.
(countable, in particular) A word that rhymes with another, in that it is pronounced identically with the other word from the vowel in its stressed syllable to the end.
(uncountable) Rhyming: sameness of sound of part of some words.

rhyme /ɹaɪm/ v
rymować
(intransitive, followed by with) Of a word, to be pronounced identically with another from the vowel in its stressed syllable to the end.
(reciprocal) Of two or more words, to be pronounced identically from the vowel in the stressed syllable of each to the end of each.

rhyme or reason n
bez ładu i składu
(idiomatic, negative polarity) Logic; common sense.

rhymeless adj
bezrymowy
Without rhymes.

rhymelessly adv
bezrymowo

rhymelessness n
bezrymowość

rhythm /ˈɹɪð.əm/ /ˈɹɪθ.əm/ [ˈɹɪð.m̩] rhythms n
rytm
The variation of strong and weak elements (such as duration, accent) of sounds, notably in speech or music, over time; a beat or meter.
A flow, repetition or regularity.
The tempo or speed of a beat, song or repetitive event.

rhythm guitar rhythm guitars n
gitara rytmiczna
A guitar in a band that provides rhythm, usually by playing chords or similar accompanying parts, to support the lead guitar.

rhythm section rhythm sections n
sekcja rytmiczna
The section of a band maintaining the rhythm, consisting of e.g. drums, bass, keyboard, etc.

rhythmic gymnastics n
gimnastyka artystyczna
(gymnastics) A discipline of gymnastics where the gymnast manipulates one of five apparatuses (ribbon, ball, rope, clubs, hoop) in a rhythmic manner.

rhyton /ˈɹʌɪtɒn/ rhyta rhytons n
ryton
A container from which fluids are intended to be drunk, having one handle and usually a base in the form of a head.
A Thracian drinking horn.

rib /ɹɪb/ ribs n
żebro żeberko
A cut of meat enclosing one or more rib bones.

rib cage rib cages n
klatka piersiowa
(skeleton) A part of the skeleton within the thoracic area consisting of ribs, sternum and thoracic vertebrae.

ribald /ˈɹaɪ.bɔld/ /ˈɹɪb.əld/ more ribald most ribald adj
nieprzyzwoity obsceniczny sprośny zbereźny
Coarsely, vulgarly, or lewdly amusing; referring to sexual matters in a rude or irreverent way.

ribald /ˈɹaɪ.bɔld/ /ˈɹɪb.əld/ ribalds n
bezwstydnica bezwstydnik sprośnik
An individual who is filthy or vulgar in nature.

ribbit /ˈɹɪbət/ /ˈɹɪbɪt/ interjection
kum
(onomatopoeia) The vocal sound made by a frog or toad.

ribbon /ˈɹɪbən/ ribbons n
taśma wstążka wstęga tasiemka
A long, narrow strip of material used for decoration of clothing or the hair or gift wrapping.
wstążka
An awareness ribbon.
(computing, graphical user interface) A toolbar that incorporates tabs and menus.

ribbon seal ribbon seals n
foka pręgowana
A species (Histriophoca fasciata) of true seal (or earless seal) found in the Arctic and subarctic regions of the North Pacific Ocean.

riboflavin /ˌraɪboʊˈfleɪvɪn/ riboflavins n
ryboflawina
(vitamin) Yellow or orange-yellow water-soluble compound, a member of the vitamin B complex, that acts as a growth-promoting factor in humans and other animals.

ribonucleic adj
rybonukleinowy
(genetics) Of or pertaining to ribonucleic acid (RNA) or its derivatives

ribonucleic acid ribonucleic acids n
kwas rybonukleinowy
(biochemistry) A derivative of DNA having ribose in place of deoxyribose, and uracil in place of thymine; its primary function is in the transcription of genetic material and subsequent synthesis of protein.

ribose /ˈɹaɪbəʊz/ riboses n
ryboza
(carbohydrate) A naturally occurring pentose sugar, which is a component of the nucleosides and nucleotides that constitute the nucleic acid biopolymer, RNA. It is also found in riboflavin.

ribosome /ˈɹaɪbəˌsoʊm/ /ˈɹaɪbəˌsəʊm/ ribosomes n
rybosom
(biology, cytology) A small organelle found in all cells; involved in the production of proteins by translating messenger RNA. [from 20th c.]

rice /ɹaɪs/ rices n
ryż
(countable) A specific variety of this plant.
(uncountable) The seeds of this plant used as food.

rice cooker rice cookers n
ryżowar
A kitchen appliance which is designed to cook rice, through either boiling or steaming it. It may also be used as a steam cooker for other foods.

rice flour rice flours n
mąka ryżowa
Flour made from rice.

rice milk rice milks n
mleko ryżowe
A milky liquid made from rice and used as a milk substitute, cooking ingredient or beverage.

rice paper rice papers n
papier ryżowy
A thin, fragile paper made from parts of the rice plant, used in artificial flowers and watercolour art.
Edible sheets of rice often used in Vietnamese cooking; bánh tráng.

rich /ɹɪt͡ʃ/ richer richest adj
bogaty
Wealthy: having a lot of money and possessions.

rich kid /ˈɹɪt͡ʃ ˌkɪd/ rich kids n
banan bananowiec bananówka
(US, informal, somewhat, pejorative) A child, adolescent or young adult from a wealthy family, especially one who flaunts his or her wealth or privilege.

rich man rich men n
bogacz bogaczka
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see rich,‎ man. (This entry is a translation hub.)

riches /ɹɪt͡ʃɪz/ n
bogactwa bogactwo
Money, goods, wealth, treasure.

richly /ˈɹɪt͡ʃli/ more richly most richly richlier richliest adv
bogato
In a luxurious manner; full of majesty or expression:

richness /ˈɹɪt͡ʃnəs/ richnesses n
bogactwo bogatość
(uncountable) The state or quality of being rich; wealthiness, wealth, riches.

ricin /ˈɹaɪsɪn/ n
rycyna
(protein, poison) An extremely toxic lectin extracted from the castor bean.

rick /ɹɪk/ ricks n
bróg
Straw, hay etc. stored in a stack for winter fodder, commonly protected with thatch.

rickets /ˈɹɪkɪts/ n
krzywica
(pathology) A disorder of infancy and early childhood caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, causing soft bones.

rickshaw /ˈɹɪk.ʃɔː/ rickshaws n
riksza ryksza
A two-wheeled carriage pulled along by a person.

ricochet /ˈɹɪk.ə.ʃeɪ/ /ˈɹɪk.ə.ʃɛt/ ricochets n
rykoszet
An instance of ricocheting; a glancing rebound.

ricotta /ɹəˈkɑtə/ /ɹɪˈkɑtə/ /ɹɪˈkɒtə/ ricottas n
ricotta
A soft Italian unsalted whey cheese resembling cottage cheese.

rid /ˈɹɪd/ v
uwalniać uwolnić wybawiać wybawić
(transitive) To free (something) from a hindrance or annoyance.

riddle /ˈɹɪdəl/ riddles n
zagadka
A verbal puzzle, mystery, or other problem of an intellectual nature.

riddle /ˈɹɪdəl/ v
przesiać
To put something through a riddle or sieve; to sieve; to sift.

ride /ɹaɪd/ rides n
jazda
An instance of riding.
podwiezienie
A lift given to someone in another person's vehicle.

ride /ɹaɪd/ v
jeździć jechać pojechać skakać
(intransitive, transitive) To transport oneself by sitting on and directing a horse, later also a bicycle etc. [from 8th c., transitive usage from 9th c.]
jechać jeździć pojechać wieźć wozić zawieźć
(intransitive, transitive) To be transported in a vehicle; to travel as a passenger. [from 9th c., transitive usage from 19th c.]
ujeżdżać
(intransitive, transitive, slang, vulgar) To mount (someone) to have sex with them; to have sexual intercourse with. [from 13th c.]

ride out v
przetrzymać przetrzymywać
(transitive, idiomatic, by extension) To tackle a difficult situation and survive; to survive through; to weather.

rider /ˈɹaɪ.də/ /ˈɹaɪ.dəɹ/ /ˈɹɑɪ.də/ [ˈɹ̠aɪdə] [ˈɹ̠aɪɾɚ] [ˈɹ̠äɪɾɚ] [ˈɹ̠ʷɑe̯də] riders n
jeździec jeźdźczyni
(generally) Someone who rides a horse or (later) a bicycle, motorcycle etc. [from 14th c.]

ridge /ɹɪd͡ʒ/ ridges n
kalenica szczyt
The highest point on a roof, represented by a horizontal line where two roof areas intersect, running the length of the area.
grzbiet
A chain of mountains.
(oceanography) A long narrow elevation on an ocean bottom.
pasmo
A chain of hills.

ridicule /ˈɹɪdɪkjuːl/ v
wyśmiewać wyśmiać
(transitive) to criticize or disapprove of someone or something through scornful jocularity; to make fun of

ridiculous /ɹiːˈdɪkjʊləs/ /ɹɪˈdɪkjələs/ /ɹɪˈdɪkjʊləs/ /ɹɪˈdɪkləs/ more ridiculous most ridiculous adj
śmieszny absurdalny niedorzeczny
deserving of ridicule; foolish, absurd

ridiculously more ridiculously most ridiculously adv
niedorzecznie
In a ridiculous manner. In a way that is funny, embarrassing or extremely implausible.

ridiculousness ridiculousnesses n
niedorzeczność śmieszność
(uncountable) The characteristic of being ridiculous.

riding crop riding crops n
szpicruta
A horsewhip, short whip used to goad a mount.

riding habit riding habits n
amazonka
A woman's outfit for horseback riding, traditionally comprising a tailored jacket with a long skirt, a tailored shirt or chemisette, and a formal hat.

riding skirt riding skirts n
spódnica do jazdy konnej

rifle /ˈɹaɪfəl/ rifles n
karabin gwintówka
(weaponry) A firearm fired from the shoulder; improved range and accuracy is provided by a long, rifled barrel.

rifleman riflemen n
barglik
A small wrenlike insectivorous passerine bird endemic to New Zealand, Acanthisitta chloris, the titipounamu.

rig /ɹɪɡ/ rigs n
takielunek
(nautical) The rigging of a sailing ship or other such craft.

rig /ɹɪɡ/ v
otaklować taklować
(transitive, nautical) To equip and fit (a ship) with sails, shrouds, and yards.

right /ˈɹaɪt/ /ˈɹeɪt/ /ˈɹiːt/ /ˈɹʌɪt/ [-t̚] [-ɾ̥] [-ʔ] [ɹei̯t] [ɹəi̯t] [ˈɹaɪt] [ˈɹaɪθ̠] [ˈɹäːtʰ] [ˈɹɑe̯t] [ˈɹɒɪʔ] [ˈɻɐʏt] righter or more right rightest or rightmost adj
prosty
(archaic) Straight, not bent.
prawy prostopadły
(geometry) Of an angle, having a size of 90 degrees, or one quarter of a complete rotation; the angle between two perpendicular lines.
prawy poprawny prawidłowy słuszny
Complying with justice, correctness, or reason; correct, just, true.
prawy
(geography) Designating the bank of a river (etc.) on one's right when facing downstream (i.e. facing forward while floating with the current); that is, the south bank of a river that flows eastward. If this arrow: ⥴ shows the direction of the current, the tilde is on the right side of the river.
prawicowy
(politics) Pertaining to the political right; conservative.

right /ˈɹaɪt/ /ˈɹeɪt/ /ˈɹiːt/ /ˈɹʌɪt/ [-t̚] [-ɾ̥] [-ʔ] [ɹei̯t] [ɹəi̯t] [ˈɹaɪt] [ˈɹaɪθ̠] [ˈɹäːtʰ] [ˈɹɑe̯t] [ˈɹɒɪʔ] [ˈɻɐʏt] adv
na prawo po prawej stronie z prawej strony
On the right side.
na prawo w prawo
Towards the right side.
dokładnie właśnie
Exactly, precisely.

right /ˈɹaɪt/ /ˈɹeɪt/ /ˈɹiːt/ /ˈɹʌɪt/ [-t̚] [-ɾ̥] [-ʔ] [ɹei̯t] [ɹəi̯t] [ˈɹaɪt] [ˈɹaɪθ̠] [ˈɹäːtʰ] [ˈɹɑe̯t] [ˈɹɒɪʔ] [ˈɻɐʏt] interjection
prawda racja
Yes, that is correct; I agree.
co nie nie prawda
Used to check listener engagement and (especially) agreement at the end of an utterance or each segment thereof.

right /ˈɹaɪt/ /ˈɹeɪt/ /ˈɹiːt/ /ˈɹʌɪt/ [-t̚] [-ɾ̥] [-ʔ] [ɹei̯t] [ɹəi̯t] [ˈɹaɪt] [ˈɹaɪθ̠] [ˈɹäːtʰ] [ˈɹɑe̯t] [ˈɹɒɪʔ] [ˈɻɐʏt] rights n
prawo
A legal, just or moral entitlement.
prawa prawy
The right side or direction.
prawica
The right hand or fist.
(politics) The ensemble of right-wing political parties; political conservatives as a group.

right /ˈɹaɪt/ /ˈɹeɪt/ /ˈɹiːt/ /ˈɹʌɪt/ [-t̚] [-ɾ̥] [-ʔ] [ɹei̯t] [ɹəi̯t] [ˈɹaɪt] [ˈɹaɪθ̠] [ˈɹäːtʰ] [ˈɹɑe̯t] [ˈɹɒɪʔ] [ˈɻɐʏt] v
poprawiać korygować poprawić prostować skorygować sprostować
(transitive) To do justice to; to relieve from wrong; to restore rights to; to assert or regain the rights of.

right angle right angles n
kąt prosty
(geometry) Half of the angle formed by a single straight line, equivalent to 90 degrees.

right as rain adj
zdrów jak ryba
(simile, colloquial) Very good; all in order; healthy.

right ascension right ascensions n
rektascensja
(astronomy) The angular distance east of the ; the celestial equivalent of longitude.

right away adv
natychmiast
(idiomatic) Very soon; quickly; immediately.

right bank right banks n
prawobrzeżny
The bank to the right of a river when facing downstream.

right hand n
prawa ręka

right now adv
właśnie teraz
At the present moment.

right of asylum rights of asylum n
azyl
(legal) The right of a person persecuted by his or her own country to be protected by another sovereign authority.

right of publicity rights of publicity n
dobra osobiste

right of way right of ways rights of way n
pierwszeństwo
(uncountable) The right to proceed first in traffic, on land, on water or in the air. Also in metaphorical senses.

right the ship v
naprawiać naprawić poprawiać poprawić

right to be forgotten n
prawo do bycia zapomnianym prawo do zapomnienia
(law) An individual's legal right to have certain information about themselves deleted, so as to ensure their privacy.

right to work /ɹaɪt tə wɜːk/ /ɹaɪt tə wɝk/ rights to work n
prawo do pracy
(public policy, legal, ethics) The human right (the right of an individual) to have gainful employment.

right total adj
dziedzina prawostronna

right triangle right triangles n
trójkąt prostokątny
(geometry) A triangle having a right angle as one of its interior angles.

right wing right wings n
prawica
(politics) The more right-wing faction of a group or party.

right-angled adj
prostokątny
(not comparable, geometry) Having a right angle.

right-hand man right-hand men n
prawa ręka
A trusted assistant.

right-hand rule n
reguła prawej dłoni
A common mnemonic for understanding notation conventions for vectors in three dimensions.

right-hand woman right-hand women n
prawa ręka
A trusted female assistant.

right-handed n
praworęczny praworęki
Right-handed people, taken as a whole.

righteousness /ˈɹaɪt͡ʃəsnəs/ righteousnesses n
prawość
(uncountable) The quality or state of being righteous.
czystość prawość łaska świętość
(theology) The state of being right with God; justification; the work of Christ, which is the ground justification.

rightly or wrongly phraseologicalUnit
słusznie czy niesłusznie

rigid /ˈɹɪd͡ʒ.ɪd/ more rigid most rigid rigider rigidest adj
sztywny
Stiff, rather than flexible.
nieugięty nieustępliwy
Rigorous and unbending.

rigor mortis rigor mortises n
stężenie pośmiertne
Temporary stiffness of a body's muscles and joints following death.

rim /ɹɪm/ rims n
felga
(automotive, cycling) A wheelrim.

rime /ɹaɪm/ rimes n
szadź
Archaic in the form rimes: originally, any frozen dew forming a white deposit on exposed surfaces; hoar frost (sense 1).

rind /ɹaɪnd/ rinds n
kora
tree bark
skórka łupina skóra
A hard, tough outer layer, particularly on food such as fruit, cheese, etc

rinderpest rinderpests n
księgosusz pomór bydła
A contagious disease of ruminants and swine caused by Rinderpest virus, an RNA virus of the genus Morbillivirus.

ring /ɹi(ː)ŋ/ /ɹɪŋ/ rings n
krąg klika obrączka szajka
(UK) A bird band, a round piece of metal put around a bird's leg used for identification and studies of migration.
pierścień
A circumscribing object, (roughly) circular and hollow, looking like an annual ring, earring, finger ring etc.
(astronomy) A formation of various pieces of material orbiting around a planet or young star.
(geometry) A planar geometrical figure included between two concentric circles.
pierścień pierścionek
A round piece of (precious) metal worn around the finger or through the ear, nose, etc.
dzwonek sygnał sygnałek
The resonant sound of a bell, or a sound resembling it.
pierścień
(algebra) An algebraic structure which consists of a set with two binary operations: an additive operation and a multiplicative operation, such that the set is an abelian group under the additive operation, a monoid under the multiplicative operation, and such that the multiplicative operation is distributive with respect to the additive operation.
(algebra) An algebraic structure as above, but only required to be a semigroup under the multiplicative operation, that is, there need not be a multiplicative identity element.
krąg klika szajka
A circular group of people or objects.
An exclusive group of people, usually involving some unethical or illegal practices.
dzwonek
(colloquial) A telephone call.
ring pierścień
A place where some sports or exhibitions take place; notably a circular or comparable arena, such as a boxing ring or a circus ring; hence the field of a political contest.

ring /ɹi(ː)ŋ/ /ɹɪŋ/ v
otaczać
(transitive) To enclose or surround.
dzwonić
(intransitive) Of a bell, etc., to produce a resonant sound.
(intransitive, figuratively) To produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound.
uderzać dzwonić
(transitive) To make (a bell, etc.) produce a resonant sound.
dzwonić bić
(transitive) To produce (a sound) by ringing.
dzwonić telefonować zadzwonić zatelefonować
(intransitive, figuratively) Of something spoken or written, to appear to be, to seem, to sound.

ring finger ring fingers n
palec serdeczny
Finger between middle finger and little finger; the "third finger" (UK) or the "fourth finger" (US), especially of the left hand. (The ring finger is the left hand; a ring finger is either hand.)

ring ouzel ring ouzels n
drozd obrożny
Turdus torquatus, a European thrush, similar to the common blackbird, but with a ring of white feathers at its neck.

ring pull ring pulls n
zawleczka
A ring-shaped extension on the top of a can or tin, which one pulls to open it.

ring road ring roads n
obwodnica
(chiefly, Australia, New Zealand, UK) A circumferential highway around a town, city, or other conurbation.

ring theorist ring theorists n
teoretyk pierścieni

ring theory n
teoria pierścieni
The branch of mathematics dealing with the algebraic structure of rings.

ring-billed gull ring-billed gulls n
mewa delawarska
Larus delawarensis, a medium-sized gull of temperate North America.

ring-necked duck ring-necked ducks n
czerniczka
Aythya collaris, a diving duck from North America commonly found in freshwater ponds and lakes

ringleader /ˈɹɪŋˌliːdəɹ/ ringleaders n
prowodyr prowodyrka wodzirej wodzirejka
A leader of a group of people, especially an unofficial group.
herszt prowodyr prowodyrka wodzirej wodzirejka
A person who starts and leads a disturbance (such as a riot), a conspiracy, or a criminal gang.

ringmaster ringmasters n
antreprener
The person who manages the performers in a circus ring.

ringtone ringtones n
dzwonek
The sound made by a telephone when ringing.

ringwoodite ringwoodites n
ringwoodyt
(mineral) A cubic form of olivine produced under very high pressure, (Mg, Fe2+)2SiO4.

ringworm ringworms n
parch
A contagious fungal infection of the skin, characterised by ring-shaped discoloured patches, covered by vesicles or scales.

rink /ɹɪŋk/ rinks n
lodowisko
A sheet of ice prepared for playing certain sports, such as hockey or curling.

rinse /ɹɛns/ /ɹɪns/ v
płukać
(transitive) To wash (something) quickly using water and no soap.
(transitive) To remove soap from (something) using water.

riot /ˈɹaɪ.ət/ /ˈɹaɪ.ɪt/ riots n
zamieszki bunt zbiegowisko
A tumultuous disturbance of the public peace by a large group of people, often involving violence or damage to property.
hulanka
(obsolete) Excessive and expensive feasting; wild and loose festivity; revelry.

riot police n
oddziały prewencji prewencja
A unit of the police specifically trained to deal with rioting crowds. They use special equipment for personal defense as well as for crowd control and dispersal.

rioter /ˈɹaɪətə/ /ˈɹaɪətɚ/ rioters n
buntowniczka buntownik
One who riots; part of the unruly violent crowd causing a riot.

rip /ɹɪp/ v
drzeć rozdzierać rozerwać rozrywać rwać
(transitive) To divide or separate the parts of (especially something flimsy, such as paper or fabric), by cutting or tearing; to tear off or out by violence.
zgrać zgrywać
(archaic) To tear up for search or disclosure, or for alteration; to search to the bottom; to discover; to disclose; usually with up.

rip current rip currents n
prąd odpływowy
A strong flow of surface water, away from the shore, that returns water from incoming waves.

rip-off rip-offs n
naciągactwo szwindel zdzierstwo
(countable) A bad deal; an unfair or exorbitant price or rate.
podróba podróbka
A copy, especially one that is illegal or inferior.

ripcord ripcords n
linka

ripe /ɹaɪp/ riper ripest adj
dojrzały
(of fruits, vegetables, seeds etc.) Ready for reaping or gathering; having attained perfection; mature

ripen /ˈɹaɪpən/ v
dojrzewać dojrzeć
(transitive) To cause (something) to mature; to make ripe
(transitive) To mature; to fit or prepare; to bring to perfection

ripeness ripenesses n
dojrzałość
the characteristic of being ripe

ripening ripenings n
dojrzewanie
The process of becoming ripe.

riposte /ɹɪˈpoʊst/ /ɹɪˈpəʊst/ ripostes n
riposta
(fencing) A thrust given in return after parrying an attack.

ripper /ˈɹɪpə/ /ˈɹɪpɚ/ adj
bajer

ripple /ˈɹɪp(ə)l/ ripples n
zmarszczka
A moving disturbance, or undulation, in the surface of a fluid.

ripple /ˈɹɪp(ə)l/ v
marszczyć się zmarszczyć się
(intransitive) To move like the undulating surface of a body of water; to undulate.

rise /ɹaɪs/ /ɹaɪz/ rises n
wzrost
(chiefly, UK, also, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa) An increase in a quantity, price, etc.

rise /ɹaɪs/ /ɹaɪz/ v
podnieść się unieść się
(intransitive) To move, or appear to move, physically upwards relative to the ground.
wschodzić
(of a celestial body) To appear to move upwards from behind the horizon of a planet as a result of the planet's rotation.

rise and shine v
pobudka
(idiomatic, imperative) Used to wish someone happiness upon waking up

rise from the ashes v
powstawać z popiołów powstać z popiołów
To make a comeback after a disaster that almost led to a tragic end; to make a comeback after a long hiatus; to come back into common use or practice, or back into popularity.

rise from the dead v
zmartwychwstawać zmartwychwstać
To become alive (or undead) after having died.

rise through the ranks v
awansować

rise to the occasion v
stanąć na wysokości zadania stać na wysokości zadania
(idiomatic) To show resolve or effectiveness in dealing with a difficulty.

rise up v
powstawać powstać
To mount a rebellion or insurgency; to rebel; to revolt.

rise with the lark v
wstawać z kurami
To be awake and out of bed early in the morning.

risible /ˈɹaɪzɪbəl/ /ˈɹɪzɪbəl/ more risible most risible adj
śmiechowy
Of or pertaining to laughter
wesoły śmiechowy śmieszny
(of a person) Easily laughing; prone to laughter

rising star rising stars n
wschodząca gwiazda
An emerging talent.

risk /ɹɪsk/ risks n
ryzyko
(uncountable) The probability of a negative outcome to a decision or event.
(uncountable, economics, business, and, engineering) The potential negative effect of an event, determined by multiplying the likelihood of the event occurring with its magnitude should it occur.
ryzyko zagrożenie
(countable) A possible adverse event or outcome.

risk /ɹɪsk/ v
ryzykować zaryzykować
(transitive) To incur risk as a result of (doing something).

risk assessment risk assessments n
ocena ryzyka
The overall process of identifying all the risks to and from an activity and assessing the potential impact of each risk.
The determination of the potential impact of an individual risk by measuring or otherwise assessing both the likelihood that it will occur and the impact if it should occur, and then combining the result according to an agreed rule to give a single measure of potential impact.

risk management n
zarządzanie ryzykiem
The process of determining the maximum acceptable level of overall risk to and from a proposed activity, then using risk assessment techniques to determine the initial level of risk and, if this is excessive, developing a strategy to ameliorate appropriate individual risks until the overall level of risk is reduced to an acceptable level.

risk one's neck v
kłaść głowę pod topór

risk-taking n
podejmowanie ryzyka

risktaker risktakers n
ryzykant ryzykantka
A person who takes risk, especially to reap the benefits if the feared event does not happen.

risotto /ɹɪˈzoʊtoʊ/ /ɹɪˈzɒtəʊ/ risotti risottos n
risotto
An Italian savoury dish made with rice and other ingredients.
A similar dish made without rice.

risqué /ɹɪsˈkeɪ/ more risqué most risqué adj
nieprzyzwoity
Suggestive of sexual impropriety; bordering on the indelicate.

ristretto more ristretto most ristretto adj
ristretto

rite /ɹaɪt/ rites n
obrządek obrzęd ryt rytuał
A religious custom.
(by extension) A prescribed behavior.

rite of passage rites of passage n
obrzęd przejścia
(anthropology) A ceremony or series of ceremonies, often very ritualized, to celebrate a transition in a person’s life. Baptisms, bar mitzvahs, weddings and funerals are among the best known examples.

ritual /ˈɹɪt͡ʃ.u.əl/ more ritual most ritual adj
obrzędowy rytualny
Related to a rite or repeated set of actions.

ritual /ˈɹɪt͡ʃ.u.əl/ rituals n
rytuał obrządek obrzęd
A rite; a repeated set of actions, especially in religious contexts.

ritually /ˈɹɪt͡ʃu.əli/ more ritually most ritually adv
rytualnie
In a ritual manner.

rival /ˈɹaɪvəl/ rivals n
rywal konkurent konkurentka rywalka
A competitor (person, team, company, etc.) with the same goal as another, or striving to attain the same thing. Defeating a rival may be a primary or necessary goal of a competitor.

rivalry /ˈɹaɪ.vəl.ɹi/ rivalries n
rywalizacja
Any competition between two or more things or factors.

river /ˈɹɪvə/ /ˈɹɪvɚ/ rivers n
rzeka
A large and often winding stream which drains a land mass, carrying water down from higher areas to a lower point, oftentimes ending in another body of water, such as an ocean or in an inland sea.
Any large flow of a liquid in a single body.
kanaliki
(typography) A visually undesirable effect of white space running down a page, caused by spaces between words on consecutive lines happening to coincide.

river warbler river warblers n
strumieniówka
Locustella fluviatilis, an Old World warbler.

riverbed /ˈɹɪv.əˌbed/ /ˈɹɪv.əˌbɛd/ /ˈɹɪv.ɚˌbɛd/ [ˈɹɪv.ɚˌbeː] riverbeds n
koryto
(hydrology) The path where a river runs, or where a river once ran; the bottom earthen part of a river, not including the riverbanks.

riverine /ˈɹɪvəɹaɪn/ /ˈɹɪvɚ.aɪn/ /ˈɹɪvɚ.ɪn/ more riverine most riverine adj
rzeczny
Of or pertaining to rivers, or located on or by a river; inhabiting a river or its surrounds.

rivet /ˈɹɪvət/ rivets n
nit
A cylindrical mechanical fastener that attaches multiple parts together by fitting through a hole and deforming the head(s) at either end.

rivulet /ˈɹɪv.jə.lət/ rivulets n
rzeczka strumyk
A small brook or stream; a streamlet; a gill.

roach /ɹoʊt͡ʃ/ /ɹəʊtʃ/ roach n
płoć płotka
A common roach (Rutilus rutilus)

road /rod/ /ɹoʊd/ /ɹəʊd/ roads n
droga szosa ulica
A way used for travelling between places, originally one wide enough to allow foot passengers and horses to travel, now (US) usually one surfaced with asphalt or concrete and designed to accommodate many vehicles travelling in both directions. In the UK both senses are heard: a country road is the same as a country lane. [from 16th c.]
(US, railroads) A railway or (UK, railroads) a single railway track. [from 19th c.]

road accident road accidents n
wypadek drogowy wypadek komunikacyjny
A collision on a road, typically involving one or more motor vehicles, but also including cyclists and pedestrians knocked down by vehicles.

road bike road bikes n
kolarzówka
A lightweight bicycle with narrow wheels and downward curving handlebars.

road map road maps n
mapa drogowa
A map with a visual representation of roads used for automobile travel and navigation. A road map may contain other relevant data, such as terrain or railway lines.

road rage n
agresja na drodze
(automotive, law, psychology) Uncontrollable aggressive behaviour by the driver of a road vehicle, especially when caused by stress or frustration.

road roller road rollers n
walec walec drogowy
A heavy engineering vehicle used to compact asphalt in the construction of roads.

road sign road signs n
znak drogowy
A sign for the control of traffic or the information of drivers.

road trip road trips n
objazdówka
A recreational or impromptu excursion in a car, usually at long distances from one's home.

road user road users n
uczestnik ruchu
Any person that makes use of a road, such as a driver, cyclist, motorcyclist, moped rider, pedestrian or horserider.

roadblock roadblocks n
blokada
Something that blocks or obstructs a road.

roadrunner /ˈɹoʊdˌɹʌnɚ/ /ˈɹəʊdˌɹʌnə/ roadrunners n
kukawka
Either of two species of fast-running bird in the genus Geococcyx of the cuckoo family native to North and Central America, the lesser roadrunner (Geococcyx velox) and, especially, the greater roadrunner (Geococcyx californianus).

roadside /ˈɹoʊdsaɪd/ /ˈɹəʊdsaɪd/ roadsides n
pobocze przydroże
The area on either side of a road.

roadside bomb roadside bombs n
fugas
An explosive device placed at the side of a road and detonated when the target passes.

roadside hawk roadside hawks n
myszołów krzykliwy
Buteo magnirostris, a relatively small bird of prey found in Latin America

roadstead /ˈɹoʊdˌstɛd/ /ˈɹəʊdstɛd/ roadsteads n
reda
(nautical) A partly sheltered anchorage; a stretch of water near the shore where vessels may ride at anchor, but with less protection than a harbour. [from early 18th c.]

roadway roadways n
jezdnia
The main or central portion of a road, used by the vehicles.

roadwork roadworks n
roboty drogowe
The construction or maintenance done to roads.

roadworker roadworkers n
drogowiec
A worker who carries out road construction or maintenance.

roaming /ˈɹoʊmɪŋ/ /ˈɹəʊmɪŋ/ roamings n
roaming
(uncountable, telecommunications) The ability to use a cell phone outside of its original registering zone.

roar /ɹo(ː)ɹ/ /ɹoə/ /ɹɔɹ/ /ɹɔː/ roars n
ryk
A long, loud, deep shout, as of rage or laughter, made with the mouth wide open.
The cry of the lion.
A loud resounding noise.

roar /ɹo(ː)ɹ/ /ɹoə/ /ɹɔɹ/ /ɹɔː/ v
ryczeć zaryczeć
(intransitive) To make a loud, deep cry, especially from pain, anger, or other strong emotion.
Of animals (especially a lion), to make a loud deep noise.

roast /ɹoʊst/ /ɹəʊst/ roasts n
pieczeń
A cut of meat suited to roasting; meat that has been roasted.
roast
A comical event, originally fraternal, where a person is subjected to verbal attack, yet may be praised by sarcasm and jokes.
(North America) A social event at which food is roasted and eaten. [from 19th century]

roast /ɹoʊst/ /ɹəʊst/ v
piec upiec
(transitive, or, intransitive, or, ergative) To cook food by heating in an oven or over a fire without covering, resulting in a crisp, possibly even slightly charred appearance.
prażyć
To cook by surrounding with hot embers, ashes, sand, etc.

roast beef roast beefs n
rostbef
Beef cooked by roasting.

roasted /ˈɹoʊstɪd/ more roasted most roasted adj
pieczony
Cooked by roasting.

rob /ɹɑb/ /ɹɒb/ /ɹɔb/ v
grabić obrabować obłupić ograbić
(transitive) To steal from, especially using force or violence.
pozbawić
(transitive) To deprive of, or withhold from, unjustly or injuriously; to defraud.

rob Peter to pay Paul v
zabrać jednemu, żeby dać drugiemu
(idiomatic) To use resources that legitimately belong to or are needed by one party in order to satisfy a legitimate need of another party, especially within the same organization or group; to solve a problem in a way that makes another problem worse, producing no net gain.

robber /ˈɹɑ.bɚ/ /ˈɹɒb.ə(ɹ)/ robbers n
rozbójniczka rozbójnik złodziej złodziejka
A person who robs.
An animal who robs.

robbery /ˈɹɑbəɹi/ /ˈɹɒbəɹi/ /ˈɹɒbɹi/ robberies n
rozbój rabunek napad grabież
The act or practice of robbing.
rozbój
(legal) The offense of taking or attempting to take the property of another by force or threat of force.

robin /ˈɹɑː.bɪn/ /ˈɹɒ.bɪn/ robins n
drozd wędrowny
An American robin, Turdus migratorius.
rudzik
A European robin, Erithacus rubecula.

robot /ˈɹoʊ.bɑt/ /ˈɹoʊ.bət/ /ˈɹəʊ.bɒt/ robots n
robot
(chiefly, science fiction) An intelligent mechanical being designed to look like a human or other creature, and usually made from metal. [from 20th c.]
A machine built to carry out some complex task or group of tasks by physically moving, especially one which can be programmed. [from 20th c.]
(figuratively) A person who does not seem to have any emotions. [from 20th c.]

robotic /ɹoʊˈbɑt.ɪk/ /ɹəʊˈbɒt.ɪk/ /ɹəˈbɒt.ɪk/ [ɹoʊˈbɑɾɪk] more robotic most robotic adj
robotyczny
Of, relating to, or resembling a robot; mechanical, lacking emotion or personality, etc.

robotics /ɹoʊˈbɑt.ɪks/ /ɹəʊˈbɒt.ɪks/ [ɹoʊˈbɑɾɪks] n
robotyka
The science and technology of robots, their design, manufacture, and application

robotization robotizations n
robotyzacja
The automation of a system or process by use of robotic devices. [from 20th c.]

robust /ɹoʊˈbʌst/ /ɹəʊˈbʌst/ /ɹəˈbʌst/ more robust most robust robuster robustest adj
krzepki czerstwy rozrosły silny wysportowany
Evincing strength and health; strong; (often, especially) both large and healthy#Adjective.

roche moutonnée /ɹɒʃ muːˈtɒneɪ/ roches moutonnées n
baraniec muton
(geography, glaciology) A rock formation created by glacial erosion.

rock /ɹɑk/ /ɹɒk/ /ɹɔk/ rocks n
kamień szlachetny
(slang) A precious stone or gem, especially a diamond.
skała
(uncountable) The naturally occurring aggregate of solid mineral matter that constitutes a significant part of the earth's crust.
A mass of stone projecting out of the ground or water.
A large hill or island having no vegetation.
skała głaz
(chiefly British) A boulder or large stone; or (US, Canada) a smaller stone; a pebble.
rock
A style of music characterized by basic drum-beat, generally 4/4 riffs, based on (usually electric) guitar, bass guitar, drums, and vocals.
skała opoka
(figuratively) Something that is strong, stable, and dependable; a person who provides security or support to another.
gruda
(US, slang) A crystallized lump of crack cocaine.
kamień
(rock paper scissors) A closed hand (a handshape resembling a rock), that beats scissors and loses to paper. It beats lizard and loses to Spock in rock-paper-scissors-lizard-Spock.

rock and roll /ˈɹɑk ən(d) ˈɹoʊl/ /ˈɹɒk ən(d) ˈɹəʊl/ n
rock and roll rock'n'roll
(dance) A style of vigorous dancing associated with this genre of music.

rock bottom n
samo dno
(idiomatic) The very lowest possible level.

rock bunting rock buntings n
głuszek trznadel głuszek
Emberiza cia, a passerine bird in the bunting family Emberizidae.

rock climbing n
wspinaczka skałkowa
The sport of scaling rock faces, either with or without ropes and other equipment.

rock crystal rock crystals n
kryształ górski
clear, colourless form of the silica-based mineral quartz, often called "pure quartz" or "clear quartz".

rock dove /ɹɒk dʌv/ rock doves n
gołąb skalny
The dove/pigeon species Columba livia.

rock group rock groups n
kapela
A group of musicians who regularly perform rock music together.

rock hyrax rock hyraces rock hyraxes n
góralek przylądkowy
A guinea pig-like, but larger, animal (Procavia capensis), native to much of Africa, the Middle East and the Arabian peninsula.

rock music n
rock
(music) A broad genre of popular music, including especially those styles ultimately derived from rock and roll, employing electrical amplification, heavy use of guitars, 4/4 time with strong percussive rhythm on beats two and four (backbeat), and usually themes of bold wildness, rebellion, and sexuality.

rock paper scissors n
papier, kamień, nożyce
(hand game) A popular children's game using three hand signs representing rock, paper and scissors, frequently used as a tiebreaker.

rock pipit rock pipits n
świergotek nadmorski
A stocky bird, of species Anthus petrosus, somewhat smaller than a starling, that breeds on rocky beaches and winters on coastal salt marshes.

rock ptarmigan rock ptarmigans n
pardwa górska
A medium-sized gamebird in the grouse family, Lagopus muta.

rock salt rock salts n
sól kamienna
(mineral) The mineral halite.
Coarsely ground common salt.

rock samphire rock samphires pn
babia sól koper morski kowniatek morski
Crithmum maritimum (sea fennel), native to temperate seacoasts of Europe.

rocker /ˈɹɑ.kɚ/ /ˈɹɒk.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈɹɔk.ə(ɹ)/ rockers n
fotel bujany biegun krzesło bujane
A curved piece of wood attached to the bottom of a rocking chair or cradle that enables it to rock back and forth.
fotel bujany krzesło bujane
A skate with a curved blade, somewhat resembling in shape the rocker of a cradle.

rocket /ˈɹɑ.kət/ /ˈɹɑk.ɪt/ /ˈɹɒk.ɪt/ rockets n
rakieta
A long vehicle or craft propelled by a rocket engine; a missile or rocket-propelled spacecraft. [from 20th c.]
An engine operating similarly to the pyrotechnic, generating thrust by the expulsion of hot gases; a rocket engine. [from 20th c.]

rocket engine rocket engines n
silnik rakietowy
A reaction engine that obtains thrust by jet propulsion which forms its jet exclusively from propellant.

rocket launcher rocket launchers n
wyrzutnia rakietowa
A hand-held tube-like device for launching a rocket-propelled explosive device (a missile).

rocket science n
czarna magia
(idiomatic, chiefly, in the negative) Anything overly complex, detailed or confusing.

rocket scientist /ˌɹɑkət ˈsaɪəntəst/ /ˌɹɒkɪt ˈsaɪəntɪst/ rocket scientists n
geniusz mózgowiec
(hyperbolic, chiefly in the negative) One qualified to handle or understand things which are very complex or confusing; a very intelligent person.

rockfowl rockfowls n
sępowronka
Either of two bird species of genus Picathartes in the passerine family Picathartidae endemic to sub-Saharan Africa.

rocking chair rocking chairs n
fotel bujany fatersztul
A chair with a curved base which can be gently rocked (swung) back and forth.

rocking horse rocking horses n
koń na biegunach
a child’s toy consisting of a (usually wooden) horse mounted on a rocker or swing

rockslide rockslides n
lawina kamienna
(geology) A type of landslide characterized by falling rocks.

rockstar rockstars n
gwiazda rocka
A member of a rock band, or a solo artist in the genre, especially one with celebrity status.

rocky /ˈɹɑki/ /ˈɹɒki/ /ˈɹɔki/ [ˈɹʷɑki] [ˈɹʷɒki] [ˈɹʷɔki] more rocky most rocky rockier rockiest adj
skalisty
Abounding in, or full of, rocks; consisting of rocks.

rococo /ɹəˈkəʊkəʊ/ rococos n
rokoko
(uncountable) A style of baroque architecture and decorative art, from 18th-century France, having elaborate ornamentation.

rod /ɹɑd/ /ɹɒd/ rods n
pręt
A straight, round stick, shaft, bar, cane, or staff.
A stick used to measure distance, by using its established length or task-specific temporary marks along its length, or by dint of specific graduated marks.
(archaic) A unit of length equal to 1 pole, a perch, 1⁄4 chain, 5+1⁄2 yards, 16+1⁄2 feet, or exactly 5.0292 meters (these being all equivalent).
(biology) Any of a number of long, slender microorganisms.
pałeczka pręcik
(fishing) A long slender usually tapering pole used for angling; fishing rod.
rózga kij
A stick, pole, or bundle of switches or twigs (such as a birch), used for personal defense or to administer corporal punishment by whipping.
pałeczka pręcik wędka
An implement held vertically and viewed through an optical surveying instrument such as a transit, used to measure distance in land surveying and construction layout; an engineer's rod, surveyor's rod, surveying rod, leveling rod, ranging rod. The modern (US) engineer's or surveyor's rod commonly is eight or ten feet long and often designed to extend higher. In former times a surveyor's rod often was a single wooden pole or composed of multiple sectioned and socketed pieces, and besides serving as a sighting target was used to measure distance on the ground horizontally, hence for convenience was of one rod or pole in length, that is, 5+1⁄2 yards.
pręcik
A straight bar that unites moving parts of a machine, for holding parts together as a connecting rod or for transferring power as a driveshaft.
drążek
(slang, vulgar) The penis.

rod cell rod cells n
pręcik
(anatomy) Any of the cylindrical photoreceptor cells in the retina that function in dim light levels.

rodent /ˈɹəʊdənt/ rodents n
gryzoń
A mammal of the order Rodentia, characterized by long incisors that grow continuously and are worn down by gnawing.

rodeo /ˈɹoʊ.di.oʊ/ /ˈɹəʊ.di.əʊ/ rodeos n
rodeo
(sports) A North American sport involving skills with horses, cows and other livestock.

roe /ˈɹoʊ/ /ˈɹəʊ/ roes n
ikra
The eggs of fish.

roe deer /ˈɹoʊˌdɪɹ/ /ˈɹəʊˌdɪə/ roe deer n
sarna
A small, nimble Eurasian deer with no visible tail, a white rump patch, and a reddish summer coat that turns grey in winter, the male having short three-pointed antlers (Capreolus capreolus and Capreolus pygargus).

roebuck /ˈɹəʊ.bʌk/ roebucks n
kozioł rogacz
A male roe deer.

roentgenium /ɹɛntˈɡɛniəm/ /ɹʌntˈɡɛniəm/ n
roentgen
A transuranic chemical element (symbol Rg) with atomic number 111.

roentgenoluminescence n
rentgenoluminescencja
(physics) luminescence produced by exposition to the X-rays.

roger /ˈɹɑd͡ʒɚ/ /ˈɹɒd͡ʒə/ interjection
przyjąć zrozumieć
(radio telecommunications) Received (used in radio communications to acknowledge that a message has been received and understood)

rogue state rogue states n
państwo zbójeckie
A state or nation acting outside of the accepted international norms and policies.

roguery rogueries n
draństwo hultajstwo nikczemność łajdactwo
malicious or reckless behaviour
psota
mischievous behaviour

role /ɹol/ /ɹoʊl/ /ɹɐʉl/ /ɹəʊl/ [ɹʷoʊɫ] [ɹʷɒʊɫ] roles n
rola
A character or part played by a performer or actor.
The expected behaviour of an individual in a society.
rola funkcja pozycja
The function or position of something.
funkcja
(grammar) The function of a word in a phrase.

role model role models n
wzór przykład
A person who serves as an example, whose behavior is emulated by others.

role reversal role reversals n
odwrócenie ról zamiana ról

roleplaying game roleplaying games n
gra fabularna
(games) A type of game where one or more players assume the roles of characters (usually one each) to interact with a fictional world either defined by themselves or through the moderation of a neutral judge (usually referred to as the game master).

roll /ɹol/ /ɹoʊl/ /ɹɐʉl/ /ɹəʊl/ [ɹ̠ʷoɫ] [ɹ̠ʷɒʊɫ] rolls n
rulon
That which is rolled up.
zwój
A document written on a piece of parchment, paper, or other materials which may be rolled up; a scroll.
(obsolete) A part; an office; a duty; a role.

roll /ɹol/ /ɹoʊl/ /ɹɐʉl/ /ɹəʊl/ [ɹ̠ʷoɫ] [ɹ̠ʷɒʊɫ] v
toczyć
(transitive) To cause to revolve by turning over and over; to move by turning on an axis; to impel forward by causing to turn over and over on a supporting surface.

roll call roll calls n
apel
The reading aloud of a list of names, and subsequent responses, in order to determine who is present or absent.
(by extension) The subset of those members of a specific group who are present or available out of the full set of all the members of said group.

roll one's eyes v
przewracać oczami przewrócić oczami
(idiomatic) To deliberately turn one's eyes upwards, usually to indicate disapproval, indifference or frustration.

roll up one's sleeves v
zakasać rękawy
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see roll,‎ up,‎ one's,‎ sleeves.
(idiomatic) To prepare to work.

rollator rollators n
rolator
A walking frame equipped with wheels, especially one designed for the disabled or elderly.

rolled ice cream rolled ice creams n
lody tajskie

rolled into one phraseologicalUnit
w jednej osobie

rolled oats n
płatki owsiane
Oat groats that have been rolled into flat flakes under heavy rollers.

roller /ˈɹoʊlɚ/ /ˈɹəʊlə/ rollers n
wałek
(heading) Anything that rolls.
kraska
Any of various aggressive birds, of the family Coraciidae, having bright blue wings and hooked beaks.

roller blind roller blinds n
roleta żaluzja
A blind for a window, usually of stiffened fabric, mounted on a pole and operated with a chain or spring mechanism.

roller skate roller skates n
łyżworolka rolka wrotka
A boot having small wheels or casters attached to its sole; used for roller skating.

roller skating n
wrotkarstwo
Skating on roller skates.

rollerball rollerballs n
pióro kulkowe
A kind of ballpoint pen with a spherical nib that uses water-based liquid or gelled ink.

rollerblade rollerblades n
rolki łyżworolka
A roller skate with all wheels aligned in a single row along the sole, resembling an ice skate.

rollercoaster /ˈɹoʊlɚˌkoʊstɚ/ rollercoasters n
kolejka górska rollercoaster
An amusement ride consisting of a buggy on a track that rises, falls, twists and turns.

rolling pin rolling pins n
wałek do ciasta wałek do ciasta
a food preparation utensil consisting of a cylinder with a handle at each end, used to flatten dough

rollmop rollmops n
rolmops
A fillet of herring, rolled and flavoured with sliced onion and spices then pickled in brine

roly-poly /ˈɹoʊliˈpoʊli/ /ˌɹəʊlɪˈpəʊli/ roly-polies roly-polys n
pulpet
(informal) A short, plump person (especially a child).
wańka-wstańka
A toy that rights itself when pushed over.

romaji /-mɑː-/ /ˈɹəʊ.mə.d͡ʒiː/ romajis n
romaji
A representation of Japanese in Latin script.

romance /ɹoʊˈmæns/ /ɹəˈmæns/ /ˈɹoʊˌmæns/ /ˈɹəʊˌmæns/ romances n
romans
An intimate relationship between two people; a love affair.
A story or novel dealing with idealized love.
(music) A romanza, or sentimental ballad.
romantyka
A mysterious, exciting, or fascinating quality.

romanize v
latynizować
(transitive) To put letters or words written in another writing system into the Latin (Roman) alphabet.

romantic /ɹoʊˈmæn(t)ɪk/ /ɹə-/ /ɹəʊˈmæntɪk/ [-meə̯ntɪk] [-meə̯ɾ̃ɪk] [-mæɾ̃ɪk] [ɹoʊˈmæntɪk] [ɹə-] more romantic most romantic adj
romantyczny
Fantastic, unrealistic (of an idea etc.); fanciful, sentimental, impractical (of a person). [from 17th c.]
Having the qualities of romance (in the sense of something appealing deeply to the imagination); invoking on a powerfully sentimental idea of life; evocative, atmospheric. [from 17th c.]
Pertaining to an idealised form of love (originally, as might be felt by the heroes of a romance); conducive to romance; loving, affectionate. [from 18th c.]

romantic /ɹoʊˈmæn(t)ɪk/ /ɹə-/ /ɹəʊˈmæntɪk/ [-meə̯ntɪk] [-meə̯ɾ̃ɪk] [-mæɾ̃ɪk] [ɹoʊˈmæntɪk] [ɹə-] romantics n
romantyczka romantyk
A person with romantic character (a character like those of the knights in a mythic romance).
A person who is behaving romantically (in a manner befitting someone who feels an idealized form of love).

romantic comedy romantic comedies n
komedia romantyczna
(uncountable) A genre of fiction, especially film, that presents love stories in a humorous and light-hearted way.

romantically more romantically most romantically adv
romantycznie
In a romantic way.

romanticism /ɹəʊˈmæntɪsɪzəm/ romanticisms n
romantyzm romantyczność
A romantic quality, spirit or action.

romp /ɹɑmp/ /ɹɒmp/ romps n
swawola
A period of boisterous play, a frolic; now especially, a bout of sexual activity, especially when illicit. [from 18th c.]

rondel rondels n
sztylet tarczkowy
(historical) A long thin medieval dagger with a circular guard and a circular pommel (hence the name).

roof /ɹuf/ /ɹuːf/ /ɹʊf/ roofs rooves n
dach
(architecture) The external covering at the top of a building.
sklepienie strop
The upper part of a cavity.

roof rack roof racks n
bagażnik dachowy
A rack attached to the top of a car or other vehicle, used to hold luggage or similar items.

roof tile roof tiles n
dachówka
(obsolete) A ridge-tile, a tile for the ridge of a roof.

roofer /ˈɹuːfə(ɹ)/ /ˈɹuːfɚ/ /ˈɹʊfɚ/ roofers n
dekarz
A craftsman who lays, or repairs roofs.

roofing nail roofing nails n
gwóźdź dekarski

rooibos /ˈɹɔɪ.bɒs/ /ˈɹɔɪ.bɔs/ /ˈɹɔɪ.bəs/ n
rooibos
The tisane (herbal tea) made from this plant.
(South Africa) Various shrubs of the genus Combretum.

rook /ɹuːk/ /ɹʊk/ rooks n
gawron
A European bird, Corvus frugilegus, of the crow family.
wieża
(chess) A piece shaped like a castle tower, that can be moved only up, down, left or right (but not diagonally) or in castling.

rook /ɹuːk/ /ɹʊk/ v
oszukać
(transitive) To cheat or swindle.

rookie /ˈɹʊki/ rookies n
kot
An inexperienced recruit, especially in the police or armed forces.
żółtodziób
A novice.

room /ɹum/ /ɹuːm/ /ɹʊm/ rooms n
miejsce przestrzeń
(archaic) A particular portion of space. [from 11th c.]
(obsolete) Place; stead.
pokój izba komnata pomieszczenie komora
(countable) A separate part of a building, enclosed by walls, a floor and a ceiling. [from 15th c.]
pokój
(Internet, countable) An IRC or chat room. [from 20th c.]

room service n
obsługa hotelowa
The provision of food, drink and other refreshments to a guest room.
The department of a hotel that provides such a service.

room temperature room temperatures n
temperatura pokojowa
A normal temperature of a room in which people live; typically 20 to 23°C (68 to 73°F); neither heated nor cooled.

roommate /ˈɹu(m)ˌmeɪt/ roommates n
współlokator współlokatorka
A person with whom one shares a room, as at university, etc.
(US, AU, Canada) A person sharing the same home (but generally not a family member or spouse).

roost /ɹuːst/ roosts n
grzęda
The place where a bird sleeps (usually its nest or a branch).

rooster /ˈɹustəɹ/ /ˈɹuːstə/ roosters n
kogut kur kokot
(North America, Kent, Australia, NZ) A male domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) or other gallinaceous bird.

root /ɹuːt/ /ɹʊt/ roots n
korzeń pierwiastek
The part of a plant, generally underground, that anchors and supports the plant body, absorbs and stores water and nutrients, and in some plants is able to perform vegetative reproduction.
The part of a tooth extending into the bone holding the tooth in place.
(graph theory, computing) The single node of a tree that has no parent.
(philology) A word from which another word or words are derived.
cebulka korzeń pierwiastek
The part of a hair under the skin that holds the hair in place.
źródło korzeń
(figurative) The primary source; origin.
pierwiastek korzeń
(arithmetic) Of a number or expression, a number which, when raised to a specified power, yields the specified number or expression.
pierwiastek miejsce zerowe
(analysis) A zero (of an equation).
rdzeń podstawa słowotwórcza korzeń
(linguistic morphology) The primary lexical unit of a word, which carries the most significant aspects of semantic content and cannot be reduced into smaller constituents. Inflectional stems often derive from roots.
katalog główny
(computing) The highest directory of a directory structure which may contain both files and subdirectories.

root /ɹuːt/ /ɹʊt/ v
ryć
(ambitransitive) To turn up or dig with the snout.
przekopywać się
(transitive) To root out; to abolish.

root extraction root extractions n
pierwiastkowanie
(arithmetic) The process or result of computing the nth root of a real or complex number.

root for v
kibicować
(transitive, informal) To encourage (a favored person, team, or result).

root hair root hairs n
włośniki

root mean square root mean squares n
średnia kwadratowa
(mathematics, often, attributive) The square root of the arithmetic mean of the squares of a set of numbers or values.

root vegetable root vegetables n
warzywo korzeniowe
A vegetable whose the edible part is the root, such as the carrot, potato, or onion.

roots /ɹuːts/ /ɹʊts/ n
korzenie
Ancestry.
korzenie źródła
Beginnings; origin.

rootstock rootstocks n
podkładka
(agriculture) A healthy and vigorous-rooted plant that is used in grafting, most commonly as a sound base to support a scion that bears desirable fruit in orchard culture.

rope /ɹoʊp/ /ɹəʊp/ ropes n
lina sznur powróz
(uncountable) Thick strings, yarn, monofilaments, metal wires, or strands of other cordage that are twisted together to form a stronger line.

ropemaker ropemakers n
powroźnik
A maker of ropes.

ropemaking n
produkcja liny
The manufacture of rope.

rorqual /ˈɹɔɹkwəl/ /ˈɹɔːkwəl/ rorquals n
fałdowiec
Any whale of family Balaenopteridae, with longitudinal skin folds running from below the mouth to the navel, allowing the capacity of the mouth to expand greatly when feeding.

rosary /ˈɹoʊzəɹi/ rosaries n
różaniec
Prayer beads, a string of beads used to keep track of repetitions in prayer, particularly in the Roman Catholic Marian prayer "Hail Mary" (Ave Maria)
(by extension) A series or collection of thoughts, literary pieces, etc. intended for similar contemplation.

rose /ɹoʊz/ /ɹəʊz/ [ɹ̠ʷəʊz̥] [ɻʷö̞ʊz̥] adj
różowy róża
Having a purplish-red or pink color; rosy.

rose /ɹoʊz/ /ɹəʊz/ [ɹ̠ʷəʊz̥] [ɻʷö̞ʊz̥] roses n
róża
A shrub of the genus Rosa, with red, pink, white or yellow flowers.
A flower of the rose plant.
Something resembling a rose flower.
różowy róża
(countable, uncountable) A purplish-red or pink colour, the colour of some rose flowers.

rose fish rose fish rose fishes n
karmazyn
A large marine food fish, Sebastes norvegicus, that lives off the North Atlantic coasts of Europe and North America.

rose garden rose gardens n
rosarium
(literally) A garden devoted primarily to roses.

rose quartz rose quartzes n
kwarc różowy
A pinkish to reddish-colored type of quartz.

rose window rose windows n
rozeta różyca
Any circular window, especially one of those found in churches of the Gothic architectural style and divided into segments by stone mullions and tracery.

rose-breasted grosbeak rose-breasted grosbeaks n
łuszcz strojny
Pheucticus ludovicianus, a large, seed-eating grosbeak in the cardinal family (Cardinalidae).

rose-colored glasses n
różowe okulary
(idiomatic) An optimistic perception of something; a positive opinion; seeing something in a positive way, often thinking of it as better than it actually is.

rosebush rosebushes n
krzew róży
The shrub that roses grow on; a rose plant.

rosefinch rosefinches n
dziwonia
Any of the birds in the genus Carpodacus of the finch family.

rosehip /ˈɹoʊzˌhɪp/ /ˈɹəʊzˌhɪp/ rosehips n
dzika róża psia róża róża dzika sypel szypszyna
The fruit of a rose plant.

rosemary /ˈɹoʊzˌmɛəɹi/ /ˈɹəʊzməɹi/ rosemaries n
rozmaryn rozmaryn lekarski
A shrub, Salvia rosmarinus (formerly Rosmarinus officinalis), that originates from Europe and Asia Minor and produces a fragrant herb used in cooking and perfumes.

roseola infantum n
rumień nagły trzydniówka
(disease) A childhood disease caused by human herpesvirus, and characterised by a high-grade fever and a rash which appears as the fever is seemingly resolving.

rosette /ɹoʊˈzɛt/ /ɹəʊˈzɛt/ rosettes n
rozeta
An imitation of a rose by means of ribbon or other material, used especially as an ornament or a badge.
(architecture) An ornament in the form of a rose or roundel, much used in decoration.

rosewood rosewoods n
palisander
The fragrant wood of Dalbergia nigra, a Brazilian tree in the legume family, which has a sweet smell.
Any of several dozen woods, resembling that of Dalbergia nigra in some respect.

rosin /ˈɹɑz.əm/ /ˈɹɑz.ən/ /ˈɹɒz.ən/ /ˈɹɔz.əm/ rosins n
kalafonia
(organic chemistry) A solid form of resin, obtained from liquid resin by vaporizing its volatile components.

rostral adj
rostralny
Serving as a rostrum.

rostrum /ˈɹɑstɹəm/ /ˈɹɒstɹəm/ /ˈɹɔs-/ rostra rostrums n
mównica pulpit
A dais, pulpit, or similar platform for a speaker, conductor, or other performer.

rosy-cheeked more rosy-cheeked most rosy-cheeked adj
z różanymi policzkami

rosé wine rosé wines n
wino różowe
A pale pink wine made by removing the dark grape skins at the required point during fermentation.

rot /ɹɑt/ /ɹɒt/ /ɹɔt/ v
gnić
(intransitive) To suffer decomposition due to biological action, especially by fungi or bacteria.

rotate /ɹəʊˈteɪt/ /ˈɹoʊteɪt/ v
obracać się obrócić się
(intransitive) To spin, turn, or revolve.
obrócić obracać się obracać obrócić się
(transitive) To spin, turn, or revolve something.

rotating adj
obracający wirujący
that proceeds in sequence or in turns

rotation /ɹoʊˈteɪʃən/ rotations n
obracanie
(chiefly, uncountable) The act of turning around a centre or an axis.
obrót
(baseball) The set of starting pitchers of a team.

rotational adj
obrotowy
Of, pertaining to or caused by rotation.

rotavirus /ˈɹəʊtəˌvaɪɹəs/ rotavira rotaviri rotavirii rotaviruses rotavirusses n
rotawirus
Any of a group of wheel-shaped viruses, of the genus Rotavirus, that causes gastroenteritis and diarrhea in children and animals.

rote /ɹoʊt/ /ɹəʊt/ n
powtarzanie repetycja zapamiętywanie
Mechanical routine; a fixed, habitual, repetitive, or mechanical course of procedure.

rotgut rotguts n
berbelucha
Raw or poor-quality alcoholic liquor.

rotifer rotifers n
wrotek
Any of many minute aquatic multicellular organisms, of the phylum Rotifera, that have a ring of cilia resembling a wheel.

rotor /ˈɹoʊ.ɾə/ /ˈɹoʊ.ɾɚ/ /ˈɹəʊ.tə/ rotors n
rotor wirnik
A rotating part of a mechanical device; for example, in an electric motor, generator, alternator, or pump.
wirnik śmigło
(aviation) The wing of a helicopter or other rotary-wing aircraft.

rotorcraft rotorcraft rotorcrafts n
wiropłat
Any aircraft that obtains its lift from rotors.

rotten /ˈɹɑtn̩/ /ˈɹɒtn̩/ [ˈɹɑʔn̩] more rotten most rotten rottener rottenest adj
zepsuty zgniły
In a state of decay.
Bad or terrible.
zepsuty
Cruel, mean or immoral.

rotten borough /-ˈbɜ-/ /ˌɹɑtn̩ ˈbʌɹoʊ/ /ˌɹɒtn̩ ˈbʌɹə/ [ˌɹɑʔn̩-] rotten boroughs n
zgniłe miasteczko
(historical) A parliamentary borough that was represented in Parliament although the number of voters had diminished so greatly that they were largely controlled by the main landowner; such boroughs were abolished in the 19th century. [from mid 18th c.]

rotunda /ɹoʊˈtʌndə/ /ɹə(ʊ)ˈtʌndə/ rotundas n
rotunda
(architecture) A round building, usually small, often with a dome.
(typography, frequently, capitalized) A Gothic typeface used in early printed books in Northern Italy, based on a rounded script developed in the 13th cent.; the manuscript hand on which this typeface was based.

rough /ɹʌf/ rougher roughest adj
szorstki chropowaty zgrubny
Not smooth; uneven.

rough around the edges rougher around the edges roughest around the edges adj
niedoskonały
(idiomatic) In need of refinement; unsophisticated.

rough breathing rough breathings n
przydech mocny
The sound equivalent to an initial "h" before a vowel or an "r" in Ancient Greek.

roughly speaking more roughly speaking most roughly speaking adv
z grubsza

roulade /ɹuːˈlɑːd/ roulades n
rolada
(cooking) A slice of meat that is rolled up, stuffed, and cooked.

roulette /ɹuːˈlɛt/ roulettes n
ruletka
(uncountable) A game of chance in which a small ball is made to move round rapidly on a circle divided off into numbered (usually red and black) spaces. When the ball stops, it indicates the result of a variety of wagers permitted by the game.

round /ˈɹaʊnd/ more round most round rounder roundest adj
okrągły
Circular or cylindrical; having a circular cross-section in one direction.
(physical) Of shape:
Complete, whole, not lacking.
(of a number) Convenient for rounding other numbers to; for example, ending in a zero.

round /ˈɹaʊnd/ rounds n
krąg koło okrąg runda
A circular or spherical object or part of an object.
obchód
A circular or repetitious route.
kolejka runda
A serving of something; a portion of something to each person in a group.
nabój pocisk
A single individual portion or dose of medicine.
A firearm cartridge, bullet, or any individual ammunition projectile. Originally referring to the spherical projectile ball of a smoothbore firearm. Compare round shot and solid shot.
runda
(sports) One of the specified pre-determined segments of the total time of a sport event, such as a boxing or wrestling match, during which contestants compete before being signaled to stop.
A series of changes or events ending where it began; a series of like events recurring in continuance; a cycle; a periodical revolution.

round /ˈɹaʊnd/ v
zaokrąglać zaokrąglić
(intransitive) To approximate a number, especially a decimal number by the closest whole number.

round angle round angles n
kąt pełny
(geometry) An angle of 360 degrees; a full circle.

round bracket round brackets n
nawias
(UK) Each of the signs ( and ); parenthesis, bracket (in a strict sense).

round off v
wyokrąglać wyokrąglić zaokrąglać zaokrąglić
(transitive) To change the shape of (an object) to make it smoother and especially more circular or ovoid.
zaokrąglać zaokrąglić
(mathematics, transitive, intransitive) To change (a number) to an approximation having fewer significant digits.

round table round tables n
okrągły stół
A conference at which participants of similar status discuss and exchange views.

round trip round trips n
podróż w obie strony
(often, figurative, travel) A trip from one destination to another and then returning to the starting location.

round-the-clock adj
całodobowy dwudziestoczterogodzinny
Continuous; incessant; without interruption; all day long, 24 hours per day; nonstop: from the concept that it happens while the hands of the clock go all the way around.

roundabout /ˈɹaʊndəˌbaʊt/ more roundabout most roundabout adj
okrężny okólny

roundabout /ˈɹaʊndəˌbaʊt/ roundabouts n
rondo
(chiefly, UK, New Zealand, Ireland, Canada, Australia, and) A road junction at which traffic streams circularly around a central island.
karuzela
(chiefly, British) A horizontal wheel which rotates around a central axis when pushed and on which children ride, often found in parks as a children's play apparatus.

rounded /ˈɹaʊndɪd/ more rounded most rounded adj
zaokrąglony
Made into a circle or sphere.
(linguistics, of a vowel etc.) Pronounced with the lips drawn together.

roundel /ˈɹaʊn.dəl/ roundels n
basteja
(heraldiccharge) A circular spot; a charge in the form of a small coloured circle.

roundhouse kick roundhouse kicks n
kopnięcie okrężne

rounding /ˈɹaʊndɪŋ/ roundings n
zaokrąglanie
The act of making anything round, as the lips in pronouncing some vowels.
In bookbinding, the shaping of the folded and sewed sheets into a convex form at the back.

roustabout roustabouts n
portowiec wyrobnik
(chiefly, US) An unskilled laborer, especially at an oilfield, at a circus or on a ship. [from 19th c.]

rout /ɹaʊt/ [ɹʌʊt] routs n
rozgromienie
(originally, military) The act of completely defeating an army or other enemy force, causing it to retreat in a disorganized manner; (by extension) in politics, sport, etc.: a convincing defeat; a thrashing, a trouncing.

route /ɹaʊt/ /ɹut/ /ɹuːt/ /ɹʉːt/ routes n
trasa szlak
A course or way which is traveled or passed.
sposób
(figuratively) One of multiple methods or approaches to doing something.

route /ɹaʊt/ /ɹut/ /ɹuːt/ /ɹʉːt/ v
pokierować wskazać kierunek
(transitive) To direct or divert along a particular course.
trasować
(Internet) to connect two local area networks, thereby forming an internet.
(computing, transitive) To send (information) through a router.

route of administration routes of administration n
droga podania
(pharmacology, toxicology) The path by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body.

route planner route planners n
nawigacja nawigator
A tool for finding optimal routes from one place to another, usually for traveling by car.

router /ˈɹaʊ.ɾɚ/ /ˈɹu.ɾɚ/ /ˈɹuː.tə(ɹ)/ routers n
router ruter trasownik
(Internet) A device that connects local area networks to form a larger internet by, at minimum, selectively passing those datagrams having a destination IP address to the network which is able to deliver them to their destination; a network gateway.

routine /ɹuːˈtiːn/ routines n
układ
A course of action to be followed regularly; a standard procedure.

routing /ˈɹaʊtɪŋ/ /ˈɹutɪŋ/ /ˈɹuːtɪŋ/ routings n
routing
(networking) A method of finding paths from origins to destinations in a network such as the Internet, along which information can be passed.

roux /ɹuː/ roux n
zasmażka
A mixture of fat (usually butter) and flour used to thicken sauces and stews.

rove /ɹoʊv/ /ɹəʊv/ v
błądzić
(intransitive) To roam, or wander about at random, especially over a wide area.

rover /ˈɹoʊvɚ/ /ˈɹəʊvə(ɹ)/ rovers n
wagabunda włóczykij
One who roves, a wanderer, a nomad.
łazik
A vehicle for exploring extraterrestrial bodies.

row /ɹaʊ/ rows n
awantura
A noisy argument.

row /ˈɹoʊ/ /ˈɹəʊ/ rows n
rząd szereg wiersz
A line of objects, often regularly spaced, such as seats in a theatre, vegetable plants in a garden etc.

row /ɹoʊ/ /ɹəʊ/ v
wiosłować
(transitive, or, intransitive, nautical) To propel (a boat or other craft) over water using oars.

rowan /ˈɹaʊ.ən/ /ˈɹoʊ.ən/ /ˈɹəʊ.ən/ rowans n
jarzębina jarząb pospolity
Sorbus aucuparia, the European rowan.
jarzębina jarząb
Any of various small deciduous trees or shrubs of genus Sorbus, belonging to the rose family, with pinnate leaves, corymbs of white flowers, and usually with orange-red berries.

rowanberry rowanberries n
jarzębina
The small spherical fruits of the rowan or European rowan (Sorbus aucuparia), a species of rowan (Sorbus subg. Sorbus), native to most of Europe except for the far south, and northern Asia; the fruits are bitter and inedible if uncooked, but may be used in the making of jellies and jams.

rowboat /ˈɹəʊbəʊt/ rowboats n
łódź wiosłowa
(US) A small open boat propelled by oars (by rowing).

rowdily more rowdily most rowdily adv
awanturniczo

rowdiness rowdinesses n
awanturnictwo awanturniczość
The state of being rowdy

rowdy /ˈɹaʊdi/ rowdier rowdiest adj
awanturniczy
Loud and disorderly; riotous; boisterous.

rower /ˈɹəʊ.ə(ɹ)/ rowers n
wioślarz bębniarz wioślarka
One who rows.
A rowing machine.

rowing /ˈɹoʊɪŋ/ /ˈɹəʊɪŋ/ n
wioślarstwo wiosłowanie
The action of the verb to row.

royal /ˈɹɔɪ(ə)l/ /ˈɹɔɪəl/ more royal most royal adj
królewski
Of or relating to a monarch or his (or her) family.

royal blue royal blues n
błękit królewski smalta
A deep, bright blue colour.

royal family royal families n
rodzina królewska
The family of the ruling sovereign of a country or state.

royal flush royal flushes n
poker królewski
(poker) Ace-high straight flush; a hand consisting of the cards A, K, Q, J, 10, of the same suit. This is the rarest and strongest hand in poker.

royal jelly royal jellies n
mleczko pszczele
A substance secreted by honey bees to aid in the development of immature or young bees, supplied in extra measure to those young that will become queen bees.

royal road royal roads n
łatwy sposób
An easy or straightforward procedure for achieving a goal; a procedure that requires little effort.

royal we royal we's royal wes n
pluralis majestatis
The first-person plural pronoun we as traditionally used by a sovereign in formal speech to refer to themselves in their role as the monarch.

royalist royalists n
rojalista rojalistka
A monarchist (supporter of monarchy) or supporter of a particular royal régime.

royally more royally most royally adv
królewsko
In a royal manner; in a manner having to do with royalty.

royalty /ˈɹɔɪəlti/ royalties n
królewskość
A royal right or prerogative, such as the exploitation of a natural resource; the granting of such a right; payment received for such a right.
tantiema
The payment received by an owner of real property for exploitation of mineral rights in the property.
(by extension) Payment made to a writer, composer, inventor etc for the sale or use of intellectual property, invention etc.

rub /ɹʌb/ [ɹɐb] v
trzeć
(transitive) To move (one object) while maintaining contact with another object over some area, with pressure and friction.
ocierać
(intransitive) To be rubbed against something.
wcierać
(transitive) To spread a substance thinly over; to smear.
ocierać wcierać
To scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse; often with up or over.

rub salt in the wound v
posypać rany solą posypywać rany solą
(idiomatic) To make an injury, physical or emotional, feel worse.

rub someone's nose in v
wypominać wypomnieć

rubber /ˈɹʌbə(ɹ)/ /ˈɹʌbɚ/ [ˈɹɐbə(ɹ)] rubbers n
guma
(uncountable) Pliable material derived from the sap of the rubber tree; a hydrocarbon polymer of isoprene.
(uncountable, countable) Synthetic materials with the same properties as natural rubber.
gumka
(countable, North America, slang) A condom.

rubber duck rubber ducks n
(gumowa) kaczuszka
A toy, made from rubber or rubber-like plastic, shaped like a duck; usually a floating bathtub toy.

rubber stamp rubber stamps n
stempel pieczątka
A piece of rubber or similar material with a design or text carved or molded for the purpose of transferring ink or dye to imprint that design on another object.

rubber tree rubber trees n
kauczukowiec
A tropical South American tree, Hevea brasiliensis, the principal source of natural rubber.

rubbernecker /ˈrʌbəˌnɛkə/ /ˈrʌbɚˌnɛkɚ/ rubberneckers n
gap gapowicz gapowiczka
(originally, US) A person who rubbernecks; someone who cranes their neck as though it were made of rubber to see something (such as a tourist attraction) or to watch an event (such as an accident); a rubberneck.

rubble /ˈɹʌb.əl/ rubbles n
rumowisko
The broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry.

rube /ɹuːb/ rubes n
wieśniak
(US, Canada, informal) A person of rural heritage; a yokel.
prostak
(pejorative) An uninformed, unsophisticated, or unintelligent person.

rubella /ɹuːˈbɛlə/ n
różyczka kur
(pathology) A mild disease caused by the Rubella virus infecting the respiratory tract, and characterised by a rash of pink dots, fever and swollen lymph nodes.

rubidium /ˌɹuːˈbɪd.i.əm/ rubidiums n
rubid
The chemical element (symbol Rb) with an atomic number of 37. It is a soft, highly reactive alkali metal.

ruble /ɹuːbəl/ rubles n
rubel
The monetary unit of Russia, Belarus and Transnistria equal to 100 kopeks (Russian: копе́йка, Belarusian: капе́йка). The Russian ruble's symbol is ₽.

ruby /ˈɹuː.bi/ more ruby most ruby adj
rubinowy
Of a deep red colour.

ruby /ˈɹuː.bi/ rubies n
rubin
(uncountable, printing, UK, dated) The size of type between pearl and nonpareil, standardized as 5½-point.

ruche /ɹuːʃ/ ruches n
riusza riuszka
A small ruff of fluted or pleated fabric worn at neck or wrist.

rucksack /ˈɹʌkˌsæk/ rucksacks n
plecak
a bag carried on the back or shoulder, supported by straps

ruckus /ˈɹʌkəs/ ruckuses n
zamieszanie
A noisy disturbance and/or commotion.

rudd /ɹʌd/ rudd rudds n
wzdręga
common rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus)

rudder /ˈɹʌdə(ɹ)/ /ˈɹʌdɚ/ rudders n
ster
(nautical) An underwater vane used to steer a vessel. The rudder is controlled by means of a wheel, tiller or other apparatus (modern vessels can be controlled even with a joystick or an autopilot).
ster kierunku ster
(aeronautics) A control surface on the vertical stabilizer of a fixed-wing aircraft or an autogyro. On some craft, the entire vertical stabilizer comprises the rudder. The rudder is controlled by foot-operated control pedals.

ruddy shelduck ruddy shelducks n
kazarka rdzawa
A migratory duck, Tadorna ferruginea

rude /ɹud/ /ɹuːd/ /ɹɪʊ̯d/ /ɹʉːd/ ruder rudest adj
grubiański chamski nieuprzejmy
Lacking in refinement or civility; bad-mannered; discourteous.
nieprzyzwoity obsceniczny
Somewhat obscene, pornographic, offensive.

rude awakening rude awakenings n
kubeł zimnej wody zimny prysznic

rudimentary /ˌɹuːdɪˈmɛntəɹi/ /ˌɹuːdɪˈmɛnt͡ʃɹi/ more rudimentary most rudimentary adj
podstawowy elementarny
Of or relating to one or more rudiments.
rudymentarny minimalny ograniczony
Basic; minimal; with less than, or only the minimum, necessary.

rue /ɹuː/ /ɹɪu̯/ rues n
ruta
Any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta, especially the herb Ruta graveolens (common rue), formerly used in medicines.

ruff /ɹəf/ /ɹʌf/ ruffs n
kryza kreza
A circular frill or ruffle on a garment, especially a starched, fluted frill at the neck in Elizabethan and Jacobean England (1560s–1620s).
batalion bojownik batalion
Philomachus pugnax (syn. Calidris pugnax), a gregarious, medium-sized wading bird of Eurasia; specifically, a male of the species which develops a distinctive ruff of feathers and ear tufts during mating season (the female is called a reeve).

ruffe ruffes n
jazgarz
Other species in the same genus.

ruffed grouse ruffed grouses n
cieciornik
An American game bird, Bonasa umbellus; the male makes drumming sounds with its wings

ruffian /ˈɹʌfi.ən/ ruffians n
artysta artystka
A scoundrel, rascal, or unprincipled, deceitful, brutal and unreliable person.

ruffle /ˈɹʌfəl/ ruffles n
falbana
(zoology) The connected series of large egg capsules, or oothecae, of several species of American marine gastropods of the genus Fulgur.

rufous-bellied kookaburra rufous-bellied kookaburras n
kukabura rdzawobrzucha
A kookaburra of species Dacelo gaudichaud, of lowland New Guinea.

rufous-bellied tit rufous-bellied tits n
sikora rdzawobrzucha
Melaniparus rufiventris, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

rufous-capped antshrike rufous-capped antshrikes n
chronka rdzawoglowa
a passerine bird of the antbird family, Thamnophilus ruficapillus.

rufous-winged antshrike rufous-winged antshrikes n
chronka brazylijska
a passerine bird of the antbird family, Thamnophilus torquatus.

rug /ɹʌɡ/ rugs n
dywanik
A partial covering for a floor. [1624]

rugby /ˈɹʌɡbi/ rugbies n
rugby
A form of football in which players can hold or kick an ovoid ball; rugby football. The ball cannot be handled forwards and points are scored by touching the ball to the ground in the area past the opponent's territory or by kicking the ball between goalposts and over a crossbar.

rugby ball rugby balls n
piłka do rugby
A spheroidal ball designed for the sport of rugby.

rugrat rugrats n
basałyk

ruin /ˈɹuː.ɪn/ [ˈɹuwɪn] ruins n
ruina
(countable, sometimes, in the plural) The remains of a destroyed or dilapidated construction, such as a house or castle.
(uncountable) The state of being a ruin, destroyed or decayed.
(uncountable) Something that leads to serious trouble or destruction.

ruin /ˈɹuː.ɪn/ [ˈɹuwɪn] v
rujnować zrujnować
(transitive) To cause the fiscal ruin of; to bankrupt or drive out of business.

rule /ɹuːl/ /ɹɪu̯l/ rules n
reguła zasada
A regulation, law, guideline.
panowanie
The act of ruling; administration of law; government; empire; authority; control.

rule /ɹuːl/ /ɹɪu̯l/ v
panować rządzić
(transitive, stative) To regulate, be in charge of, make decisions for, reign over.
wymiatać
(slang, intransitive, stative) To excel.
wydać orzeczenie
(intransitive) To decide judicially.

rule of engagement rules of engagement n
przepisy angażowania
(military, law enforcement, chiefly, in the plural) An internal rule among a military, police, etc. force defining the circumstances in which and manner with which to use force.

rule of law n
praworządność
(legal, often, capitalized) The doctrine that no individual is above the law and that everyone must answer to it.

rule of three pn
reguła trzech
(mathematics, _, education) A rule stating that, if two ratios are equal, then the denominator of the second equals its numerator times the reciprocal of the first ratio: if \frac ab=\frac cd then d=\frac{bc}a.

rule out v
wykluczać
(idiomatic, transitive) To make something impossible.

rulemaking adj
normotwórczy
Having the power to make rules.

rulemaking rulemakings n
normotwórstwo prawodawstwo prawotwórstwo
(legal) The act or process of creating rules, especially regulations (as opposed to statutes).

ruler /ˈɹulɚ/ /ˈɹuː.lə/ /ˈɹuːl.ə/ /ˈɹuːlə(ɹ)/ [ˈɹʉwlə] [ˈɹʊwɫə] rulers n
linijka
A (usually rigid), flat, rectangular measuring or drawing device with graduations in units of measurement; a straightedge with markings.
władca władczyni włodarz
A person who rules or governs; someone or something that exercises dominion or controlling power over others.

rulership /ˈɹuːlə(ɹ)ʃɪp/ rulerships n
władza władztwo
A position in which one rules or has sovereignty over others.

rules are made to be broken proverb
zasady są po to, żeby je łamać
it is acceptable to break rules.

rules of the road n
kodeks drogowy
The laws that govern driving, especially of motorists and cyclists.

ruling pen ruling pens n
grafion
a pen used in graphic design and calligraphy for drawing precise lines of various thicknesses

rum /ɹʌm/ rums n
rum
(uncountable) A distilled spirit derived from fermented cane sugar and molasses.

rum ball rum balls n
bajadera bajaderka kartofelek ziemniaczek

rumba /ˈɹʊmbə/ /ˈɹʌmbə/ rumbas n
rumba
A slow-paced Cuban partner dance in 4:4 time.

rumble /ˈɹʌmb(ə)l/ v
dudnić tętnić
(intransitive) To make a low, heavy, continuous sound.

rumen /ˈɹu.mən/ rumens rumina n
żwacz
The first compartment of the stomach of a cow or other ruminants.

ruminant /ˈɹuːmɪnənt/ ruminants n
przeżuwacz zwierzę przeżuwające
An artiodactyl ungulate mammal which chews cud, such as a cow or deer.

rummy /ˈɹʌmi/ /ˈɹʌmɪ/ rummies n
remibrydż remik żolik
A card game with many rule variants, conceptually similar to mahjong.

rumor /ˈɹumɚ/ /ˈɹuːmə(ɹ)/ rumors n
plotka pogłoska
(American spelling, countable) A statement or claim of questionable accuracy, from no known reliable source, usually spread by word of mouth.

rumour has it phraseologicalUnit
płotka głosi, że
According to rumour or gossip.

rump /ˈɹʌmp/ rumps n
zad
A cut of meat from the rump of an animal.

rump steak rump steaks n
rumsztyk

rumple /ˈɹʌmpəl/ v
miąć gnieść marszczyć pognieść zmarszczyć zmiąć
(transitive) To make wrinkled, particularly fabric.

run /ɹʊn/ /ɹʌn/ runs n
bieg
Act or instance of running, of moving rapidly using the feet.
A flow of liquid; a leak.
wybieg
An enclosure for an animal; a track or path along which something can travel.
biegnik
(music) A rapid passage in music, especially along a scale.
oczko
A line of knit stitches that have unravelled, particularly in a nylon stocking.

run /ɹʊn/ /ɹʌn/ v
biec
(intransitive) To extend in space or through a range (often with a measure phrase).
To have a legal course; to be attached; to continue in force, effect, or operation; to follow; to go in company.
biec biegać cieknąć
To cause to be drawn; to mark out; to indicate; to determine.

run after v
biegać
To follow quickly, often in an effort to catch or catch up with (someone or something).
To make a determined effort to win someone's affections or to have a sexual relationship with them.

run around v
biegać
(idiomatic, intransitive) To be very busy doing many different things.
(slang) To cheat; to be unfaithful to a romantic partner.

run away v
uciekać
To flee by running.

run in the family v
wyssać z mlekiem matki
(idiomatic, somewhat derogatory) To be a characteristic feature that is observed in several generations of a family.

run into v
najechać najeżdżać
(transitive, _, and with prepositional object) To cause to collide with.

run out v
kończyć się skończyć się zabraknąć
(intransitive) To expire; to come to an end; to be completely used up or consumed.

run out of steam v
wypalać się wypalić się
(idiomatic) To run out of energy or motivation.

run over v
przejechać przejeżdżać rozjechać rozjeżdżać
(transitive, idiomatic) To drive over, causing injury or death.

run the gauntlet v
podejmować wyzwanie podjąć wyzwanie
(idiomatic) To undergo a series of tests or challenges.

run with the hare and hunt with the hounds v
Panu Bogu świeczkę i diabłu ogarek
(idiomatic, figuratively) To support both sides of an argument.

run-of-the-mill more run-of-the-mill most run-of-the-mill adj
zwyczajny
(figurative) Ordinary; not special.

rune /ɹuːn/ runes n
runa
A letter, or character, used in the written language of various ancient Germanic peoples, especially the Scandinavians and the Anglo-Saxons.
A letter or mark used as a mystical or magic symbol.

runestone runestones n
kamień runiczny
(archaeology) An ancient monument consisting of a typically raised stone with a runic inscription.

rung /ɹʌŋ/ rungs n
szczebel
A crosspiece forming a step of a ladder; a round.
poprzeczka
A crosspiece between legs of a chair.

runner /ˈɹʌnə/ /ˈɹʌnɚ/ runners n
biegacz biegaczka
(cricket) A player who runs for a batsman who is too injured to run; he is dressed exactly as the injured batsman, and carries a bat.
A person who moves, on foot, at a fast pace, especially an athlete.
bieżnik
A strip of fabric used to decorate or protect a table or dressing table.

runner bean runner beans n
fasola wielokwiatowa
A climbing plant of species Phaseolus coccineus, having long bean pods.

runner-up /ˌɹʌn.əˈɹʌp/ /ˌɹʌn.ɚˈʌp/ runner-ups runners-up n
wicemistrz
The person who finishes second, or in any position after the first.

running /ˈɹʌniŋ/ runnings n
bieg bieganie
The action of the verb to run.
bieg
The activity of running as a form of exercise, as a sport, or for any other reason.

running board running boards n
stopień
A narrow board serving as a step beneath the doors of some cars.

running mate running mates n
kandydat kandydatka
(politics) A candidate on a joint ticket.
kandydat na wiceprezydenta kandydatka na wiceprezydenta
(politics) A candidate for the US vice-presidency.

running meter running meters n
metr bieżący
length of one meter of a product that is sold by meter, such as fabric or board

running track running tracks n
bieżnia
(athletics) a track marked with several lanes, which is used for competitive running events.

running water n
bieżąca woda
Water available from taps.

runny nose runny noses n
katar
A condition of discharge of mucus from the nose, often a symptom of the common cold.

runoff runoffs n
balotaż
(politics) A second or further round of an indecisive election, after other candidates (often all but the last two) have been eliminated.

runs /ɹʌnz/ n
biegunka sraczka
(slang, often with "the") Diarrhea/diarrhoea.

runt /ˈɹʌnt/ runts n
cherlak
Undersized or stunted plant, animal or person.

runway /ˈɹən-/ /ˈɹʌnweɪ/ /ˈɹʌnˌweɪ/ runways n
wybieg
A narrow walkway (often on a platform) extending from a stage on which people walk, especially one used by models during fashion shows.
droga startowa pas startowy
(aviation) A section of land, usually paved, for airplanes to land on or take off from.

rupee /ɹuˈpi/ /ɹʊ-/ /ˈɹupi/ /ˌɹuːˈpiː/ rupees n
rupia
The common name for the monetary currencies used in modern India, Mauritius, Nepal, Pakistan, the Seychelles, or Sri Lanka, often abbreviated ₨.
(video games) The primary currency of Hyrule.

rural /ˈɹɔː.ɹəl/ /ˈɹɝ.əl/ /ˈɹʊ.ɹəl/ /ˈɹʊə.ɹəl/ more rural most rural adj
wiejski sielski wioskowy
Relating to the countryside or to agriculture.

ruralization ruralizations n
ruralizacja
the process of making rural.
the change in a country or region when its population migrates from urban to rural areas
the process of the formation of villages and the decline of big cities

rusa deer rusa deer n
Sambar sundajski
Cervus timorensis, a species of deer native to the islands of Java.

rusalka rusalkas rusalki rusalky n
rusałka
(Slavic mythology) A female water spirit that leads handsome men to their deaths underwater.

ruse /ɹuːz/ /ɹɪu̯z/ ruses n
podstęp mistyfikacja wybieg
(countable, by extension) An action intended to deceive; a trick.

rush /ɹʌʃ/ rushes n
sit sitowie
The stem of such plants used in making baskets, mats, the seats of chairs, etc.
pośpiech
General haste.

rush /ɹʌʃ/ v
biec spieszyć się
(transitive, or, intransitive) To hurry; to perform a task with great haste, often not properly or without thinking carefully.
biec
(intransitive) To flow or move forward rapidly or noisily.

rush hour rush hours n
godziny szczytu
(idiomatic) The times of the day when traffic jams are commonplace, due mainly to people commuting to or from work.

rushnyk rushnyks rushnyky n
ręcznik
A cloth/towel embroidered with symbols and cryptograms of the ancient world, used in Eastern Slavic ceremonies.

rusk /ɹʌsk/ rusks n
suchar
a twice-baked bread, slices of bread baked until they are hard and crisp (also called a zwieback)

russist russists n
raszysta
(politics, neologism, derogatory) A follower of the ideology of Ruscism.

russula russulas n
gołąbek
A mushroom of the genus Russula.

rust /ɹʌst/ rusts n
rdza
The deteriorated state of iron or steel as a result of moisture and oxidation.
(color) A reddish-brown color.
A disease of plants caused by a reddish-brown fungus.

rust /ɹʌst/ v
rdzewieć zardzewieć
(transitive) To cause to oxidize.

rustic /ˈɹʌstɪk/ more rustic most rustic adj
rustykalny wiejski
Country-styled or pastoral; rural.

rustic bunting rustic buntings n
trznadel czubaty
Emberiza rustica, a passerine bird in the bunting family Emberizidae.

rustle /ˈɹʌsəl/ rustles n
szelest
A soft crackling sound similar to the movement of dry leaves.

rustle /ˈɹʌsəl/ v
szeleścić
(ergative) To move (something) with a soft crackling sound.

rustler rustlers n
złodziej bydła
One who rustles; a cattle (or other livestock) thief.

rustless adj
nierdzewny
That does not rust; stainless.

rustproof more rustproof most rustproof adj
nierdzewny
Resistant to rust, oxidation and corrosion.

rusty /ˈɹʌsti/ rustier rustiest adj
zardzewiały
Marked or corroded by rust. [from 9th c.]
Affected with the fungal plant disease called rust.

rut /ɹʊt/ /ɹʌt/ ruts n
ruja
(zoology) Sexual desire or oestrus of cattle, and various other mammals. [from early 15th c.]
koleina
A furrow, groove, or track worn in the ground, as from the passage of many wheels along a road. [from 16th c.]

rutabaga /ˈɹutəˌbeɪɡə/ rutabagas n
brukiew
(now, North America) The edible root of this plant

ruthenium /ɹuːˈθiːniəm/ rutheniums n
ruten
A metallic chemical element (symbol Ru) with an atomic number of 44.

rutherfordium /ˌɹʌðəɹˈfɔːɹdiəm/ n
rutherford
A transuranic chemical element (symbol Rf) with an atomic number of 104.

ruthless /ˈɹuːθləs/ more ruthless most ruthless adj
bezwzględny bezpardonowy
Without pity or compassion; cruel, pitiless.

ruthlessly /ˈɹuːθ.ləs.li/ /ˈɹuːθ.lɪs.li/ more ruthlessly most ruthlessly adv
bezpardonowo bezwzględnie niemiłosiernie
In a ruthless manner; with cruelty; without pity or compassion.

ruthlessness ruthlessnesses n
bezpardonowość bezwzględność

rutile rutiles n
rutyl
(mineral) The most frequent of the three polymorphs of titanium dioxide, crystalizing in the tetragonal system, TiO2.

rutting season rutting seasons n
bekowisko
(zoology) The time of the year when certain animals mate.

ryazhanka ryazhankas n
rjażenka
A type of East Slavic yogurt-like beverage made from baked milk.

rye /ɹaɪ/ ryes n
żyto
The grass Secale cereale from which the grain is obtained. [from 14th c.]

rye bread rye breads n
chleb żytni
A bread made partly or entirely with rye flour.

ryegrass ryegrasses n
życica
(countable) Any of several species of tufted grasses of the genus Lolium.

röntgen /ˈɹɜːnt.ɡən/ röntgens n
rentgen
(physics) a unit of exposure to ionizing radiation

rösti /ˈɹɒstɪ/ /ˈɹɔsti/ /ˈɹɜːstɪ/ /ˈɹʊʃti/ röstis n
roesti rösti
A traditional breakfast dish in Germanophone Switzerland (originally from Bern canton) made from potatoes, fried in a pan with butter or fat and widely varying other ingredients such as bacon, onions, cheese, apples or fresh herbs.

sabbatical sabbaticals n
urlop
An extended period of leave from a person's usual pursuits.

sable /ˈseɪbəl/ /ˈseɪbɫ/ sabler sablest adj
czarny
Of the black colour sable.
(tincture) : In blazon, of the colour black.

sable /ˈseɪbəl/ /ˈseɪbɫ/ sables n
soból
(countable) A small carnivorous mammal of the Old World that resembles a weasel, Martes zibellina, from cold regions in Eurasia and the North Pacific islands, valued for its dark brown fur (Wikipedia).
czerń
(tincture) A black colour on a coat of arms (Wikipedia).
(countable, and, uncountable) A dark brown colour, resembling the fur of some sables.

sablefish sablefish sablefishes n
dorszyk czarny
A dark-coloured marine fish of species Anoplopoma fimbria, of North American Pacific waters.

sabot /ˈsæboʊ/ /ˈsæbəʊ/ sabots n
sabot drewniak
A carrier around a projectile in a firearm, cannon or other type of artillery piece that precisely holds the projectile within the barrel.

sabotage /sæ.bɒˈtɑːʒ/ /ˈsæ.bɒˌtɑːʒ/ /ˈsæ.bɒˌtɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈsæ.bəˌtɑːʒ/ /ˈsæb.əˌtɑʒ/ /ˌsæb.əˈtɑʒ/ sabotages n
sabotaż dywersja szkodzenie
A deliberate action aimed at weakening someone (or something, a nation, etc) or preventing them from being successful, through subversion, obstruction, disruption, and/or destruction.

sabotage /sæ.bɒˈtɑːʒ/ /ˈsæ.bɒˌtɑːʒ/ /ˈsæ.bɒˌtɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈsæ.bəˌtɑːʒ/ /ˈsæb.əˌtɑʒ/ /ˌsæb.əˈtɑʒ/ v
sabotować
To deliberately destroy or damage something in order to prevent it from being successful.

saboteur /ˌsæbəˈtɜː(ɹ)/ /ˌsæbəˈtʊə(ɹ)/ saboteurs n
sabotażysta dywersant dywersantka sabotażystka
A person who intentionally causes the destruction of property in order to hinder the efforts of their enemy.

sabre /ˈseɪ.bə(ɹ)/ /ˈseɪ.bɚ/ sabres n
szabla
(UK, Canada) A light sword, sharp along the front edge, part of the back edge, and at the point.
(UK, Canada, fencing) A modern fencing sword modeled after the sabre.

sabre saw sabre saws n
pilarka szablasta
A portable electric jigsaw.

sabre-rattle v
grozić wojną
To threaten a big battle or war.

sabre-rattling sabre-rattlings n
pobrzękiwanie szabelką
(idiomatic) A flamboyant display of military power as an implied threat that it might be used.

sabre-toothed tiger sabre-toothed tigers n
tygrys szablozębny
Any of numerous species of extinct cat-like mammals, of the †Machairodontinae subfamily of the Felidae.

sabretache /-b(ɹ)ə-/ /ˈsaɪ.bə(ɹ)ˌtæʃ/ /ˈsæ-/ sabretaches n
szabeltas
(historical) A leather pocket or pouch worn hanging from a cavalry officer’s belt.

saccharide /ˈsæk.əˌɹaɪd/ /ˈsæk.ɚ.ɪd/ saccharides n
sacharyd
(carbohydrate) The unit structure of carbohydrates, of general formula CnH2nOn. Either the simple sugars or polymers such as starch and cellulose. The saccharides exist in either a ring or short chain conformation, and typically contain five or six carbon atoms.

saccharin /ˈsækəɹɪn/ saccharins n
sacharyna
(chemistry) A white, crystalline powder, C7H5NO3S, used as an artificial sweetener in food products.

saccharine /-ɹiːn/ /-ɹən/ /-ɹɪn/ /ˈsækəɹaɪn/ /ˈsækəɹɪn/ /ˈsækɹɪn/ more saccharine most saccharine adj
ckliwy
(figurative, derogatory) Excessively sweet in action or disposition, especially if romantic or sentimental to the point of ridiculousness; sickly sweet, syrupy.

sachet /sæˈʃeɪ/ /ˈsæʃeɪ/ sachets n
saszetka
(cooking) A cheesecloth bag of herbs and/or spices added during cooking and then removed before serving.
A small, sealed packet containing a single-use quantity of any material.

sack /sæk/ sacks n
worek
A bag; especially a large bag of strong, coarse material for storage and handling of various commodities, such as potatoes, coal, coffee; or, a bag with handles used at a supermarket, a grocery sack; or, a small bag for small items, a satchel.

sack race sack races n
wyścig w workach
(games, racing) A race in which competitors stand in sacks or similar items and try to be the first to jump to the finish line.

sacral /ˈseɪkɹəl/ /ˈsækɹəl/ more sacral most sacral adj
sakralny
Sacred.

sacrament /ˈsækɹəmənt/ sacraments n
sakrament
(Christianity) A sacred act and the attendant ceremony, considered (theology) an outward sign of divine grace.

sacramental more sacramental most sacramental adj
sakramentalny
Used in, or relating to, a sacrament.

sacramental sacramentals n
sakramentalia
(Christianity, chiefly, Roman Catholicism) An object (such as holy water or a crucifix) or an action (such as making the sign of the cross) which is regarded as encouraging devotion and thus spiritually aiding the person who uses it.

sacramentary sacramentaries n
sakramentarz
(Roman Catholicism) An ancient book of the Roman Catholic Church, containing the rites for Mass, the sacraments, etc.

sacred /ˈseɪkɹɪd/ more sacred most sacred adj
święty
Characterized by solemn religious ceremony or religious use, especially, in a positive sense; consecrated, made holy.

sacred cow sacred cows n
święta krowa
(idiomatic) Something which cannot be tampered with, or criticized, for fear of public outcry. A person, institution, belief system, etc. which, for no reason other than the demands of established social etiquette or popular opinion, should be accorded respect or reverence, and not touched, handled or examined too closely.

sacred lotus sacred lotuses n
lotos orzechodajny
Nelumbo nucifera, native in temperate and subtropical Asia, from India to Japan.

sacrifice /ˈsækɹɪfaɪs/ /ˈsækɹɪfaɪz/ sacrifices n
ofiara
The offering of anything to a god; a consecratory rite.
Something sacrificed.
ofiara poświęcenie
The destruction or surrender of anything for the sake of something else; the devotion of something desirable to something higher, or to a calling deemed more pressing.

sacrifice /ˈsækɹɪfaɪs/ /ˈsækɹɪfaɪz/ v
ofiarować złożyć w ofierze
(ambitransitive) To offer (something) as a gift to a deity.
poświęcić poświęcać
(transitive) To trade (a value of higher worth) for something of lesser worth in order to gain something else valued more, such as an ally or business relationship, or to avoid an even greater loss; to sell without profit to gain something other than money.

sacrificial lamb sacrificial lambs n
kozioł ofiarny
(figurative, by extension) A person who is sacrificed (not literally) for the greater good of some cause.

sacrilege /ˈsækɹəlɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈsækɹɪlɪd͡ʒ/ sacrileges n
świętokradztwo blasfemia bluźnierstwo profanacja
Desecration, profanation, misuse or violation of something regarded as sacred.

sacrilegious /sæk.ɹəˈlid͡ʒəs/ /sæk.ɹəˈlɪd͡ʒ.əs/ more sacrilegious most sacrilegious adj
bluźnierczy świętokradczy świętokradzki
Committing sacrilege; acting or speaking very disrespectfully toward what is held to be sacred.

sacristan /ˈsækɹɪstən/ sacristans n
kościelna kościelny zakrystian zakrystianka
The person who maintains the sacristy and the sacred objects it contains.

sacristy sacristies n
zakrystia
A room in a church where sacred vessels, books, vestments, etc. are kept. Sometimes also used by clergy to prepare for worship or for meetings.

sacrosanct /ˈsæk.ɹoʊˌsæŋkt/ more sacrosanct most sacrosanct adj
przenajświętszy
Sacred, very holy.

sacrum sacra sacrums n
krzyż kość krzyżowa
(anatomy) A large triangular bone at the base of the spine, located between the two ilia (wings of the pelvis) and formed from vertebrae that fuse in adulthood.

sad /sæd/ more sad most sad sadder saddest adj
smutny
Feeling sorrow; sorrowful, mournful.
smutny smętny przykry
Causing sorrow; lamentable.

sadden /ˈsædən/ v
smucić zasmucać zasmucić
(transitive) To make sad or unhappy.

saddle /ˈsæd(ə)l/ /ˈsædl̩/ saddles n
siodełko siodło
The immovable seat of a bicycle, motorcycle, or similar vehicle.
siodło
A seat for a rider, typically made of leather and raised in the front and rear, placed on the back of a horse or other animal, and secured by a strap around the animal's body.
comber
A cut of meat that includes both loins and part of the backbone.
listwa progowa
The raised floorboard in a doorway.
przełęcz siodło
A low point, in the shape of a saddle, between two hills.

saddle /ˈsæd(ə)l/ /ˈsædl̩/ v
siodłać osiodłać
To put (something) on to another thing like a saddle on an animal.
To put something on to (another thing) like a saddle on an animal.

saddle bow saddle bows n
łęk
The front part of the saddle that is arched up like a bow.

saddle point saddle points n
punkt siodłowy
(geometry) A point in the range of a smooth function, every neighbourhood of which contains points on each side of its tangent plane.

saddlebag /ˈsædəlˌbæɡ/ saddlebags n
juk
A covered pouch, usually one of a pair, laid across the back of a horse, donkey, or mule behind its saddle, or hanging over the rear wheel of a motorcycle; often made of leather or (on a motorcycle) a rigid material.

saddler /ˈsadlə/ /ˈsædlɚ/ saddlers n
siodlarz rymarz
Someone who makes, repairs and sells saddles, harnesses etc.

sadhu /ˈsɑːdhuː/ sadhus n
sadhu
(Hinduism) An ascetic or practitioner of yoga (yogi) who has given up pursuit of the first three Hindu goals of life: kama (enjoyment), artha (practical objectives) and even dharma (duty).

sadism /ˈseɪdɪzəm/ sadisms n
sadyzm
Achievement of sexual gratification by inflicting pain or humiliation on others, or watching pain or humiliation inflicted on others.
(loosely) Deliberate or wanton cruelty, either mental or physical, to other people, or to animals, regardless of whether for (sexual) gratification.

sadist /ˈseɪdɪst/ /ˈsædɪst/ sadists n
sadysta
One who derives pleasure through cruelty or pain to others.

sadistic /səˈdɪstɪk/ more sadistic most sadistic adj
sadystyczny
Of behaviour which gives pleasure in the pain or humiliation of others.

sadly /ˈsædli/ more sadly most sadly sadlier sadliest adv
smutno
In a sad manner; sorrowfully.

sadness /ˈsædnəs/ sadnesses n
smutek
(uncountable) The state or emotion of being sad.

sadomasochism /seɪdəʊˈmæsəkɪzəm/ sadomasochisms n
sadomasochizm
The practices of sadism and masochism collectively, usually in reference to consensual practices within the BDSM community.

sadomasochistic more sadomasochistic most sadomasochistic adj
sadomasochistyczny
Of or relating to sadomasochism or sadomasochists.

safari /səˈfɑːɹ.i/ safaris n
safari
A trip into any undeveloped area to see, photograph or hunt wild animals in their own environment.

safari park safari parks n
park safari
a commercial tourist attraction, similar to a zoo, in which visitors drive through animal enclosures

safe /seɪf/ more safe most safe safer safest adj
bezpieczny
Not in danger; out of harm's reach.
Free from risk.
Providing protection from danger; providing shelter.
Properly secured.
(used after a noun, often, forming a compound) Not susceptible to a specified source of harm.

safe /seɪf/ safes n
sejf kasa pancerna
A box, usually made of metal, in which valuables can be locked for safekeeping.

safe and sound adj
cały i zdrowy cała i zdrowa
Having come to no harm, especially after being exposed to danger.

safe mode n
tryb awaryjny
(computing) A troubleshooting mode of many operating systems in which most advanced functions are not activated.

safe sex n
bezpieczny seks
Sexual activity engaged in by people who have taken precautions to protect themselves against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).

safe travels /ˈseɪf ˈtɹævəlz/ interjection
szerokiej drogi

safecracker safecrackers n
kasiarz
One who breaks into safes.

safehouse safehouses n
kryjówka
A secure location, known to only a few trusted people, suitable for hiding witnesses, agents or other persons perceived as being in danger.

safely /ˈseɪfli/ more safely most safely adv
bezpiecznie
In a safe manner; without risk; using caution above all else.
In a secure manner; without the possibility of injury or harm resulting.

safety /ˈseɪfti/ safeties n
bezpieczeństwo
The condition or feeling of being safe; security; certainty.
zabezpieczenie
(mechanics) A mechanism on a weapon or dangerous equipment designed to prevent accidental firing.

safety cushion safety cushions n
poduszka finansowa

safety pin safety pins n
agrafka
(sewing) A pin in the form of a clasp, which has a guard to cover the sharp point; used to join two pieces of fabric, etc., together temporarily.
zawleczka
(military) The pin of a hand grenade, which prevents accidental detonation.

safety razor safety razors n
golarka maszynka do golenia
A razor, designed for safety, that protects the skin from all but the very edge of the blade (as opposed to a straight razor).

safety stock safety stocks n
zapas bezpieczny

safety valve /ˈseɪfti ˌvælv/ /ˈseɪftɪ ˌvælv/ safety valves n
pojistný ventil zawór bezpieczeństwa
A valve set to open at a pressure below that at which a container holding a gas, vapour, etc. (such as a boiler or pressure cooker), would burst, thus reducing the pressure; a relief valve.
wentyl wentyl bezpieczeństwa
(figuratively) Any mechanism offering relief from physical or emotional pressure or tension.

safflower /ˈsæfˌlaʊə(ɹ)/ safflowers n
krokosz
A cultivated thistle-like plant, Carthamus tinctorius, family Asteraceae, now grown mainly for its oil.

saffron /ˈsæfəɹn/ /ˈsæfɹən/ adj
szafranowy
Having an orange-yellow colour.

saffron /ˈsæfəɹn/ /ˈsæfɹən/ saffrons n
szafran krokus
The plant Crocus sativus, a crocus.
szafran
A spice (seasoning) and colouring agent made from the stigma and part of the style of the plant, sometimes or formerly also used as a dye and insect repellent.
szafran (kolor) szafranowy
An orange-yellow colour, the colour of a lion's pelt.

saffron milk cap saffron milk caps n
mleczaj rydz rydz
Lactarius deliciosus, an edible mushroom native to Europe.

sag /sæɡ/ sags n
obniżenie
The difference in elevation of a wire, cable, chain or rope suspended between two consecutive points.

saga /ˈsɑːɡə/ sagas n
saga
An Old Norse (Icelandic) prose narrative, especially one dealing with family or social histories and legends.
Something with the qualities of such a saga; an epic, a long story.

sagacious /səˈɡeɪʃəs/ more sagacious most sagacious adj
roztropny
Having or showing keen discernment, sound judgment, and farsightedness; mentally shrewd.

sagacity /səˈɡæsəti/ /səˈɡæsɪti/ sagacities n
mądrość roztropność
The quality of being sage, wise, or able to make good decisions; the quality of being perceptive, astute or insightful.

sage /seɪd͡ʒ/ sager sagest adj
mądry rozumny
wise.

sage /seɪd͡ʒ/ sages n
mędrzec
A wise person or spiritual teacher; someone of gravity and wisdom, especially, a teacher venerable for years, and of sound judgment and prudence; a grave or stoic philosopher.
szałwia szałwia lekarska
The plant Salvia officinalis and savory spice produced from it; also planted for ornamental purposes.
szałwia
Any plant in the genus Salvia
Any of a number of plants such as sagebrush considered to be similar to Salvia officinalis, mostly because they are small shrubs and have gray foliage or are aromatic.

sage grouse sage grouse sage grouses n
preriokur ostrosterny
A large grouse of western North America having mottled gray, black and buff plumage (Centrocercus urophasianus) which feeds on the buds of the sagebrush.

sagitta /səˈd͡ʒɪt.ə/ sagittae sagittas n
strzałka
(geometry) The distance from a point in a curve to the chord; also, the versed sine of an arc; so called from its resemblance to an arrow resting on the bow and string.

saibling /ˈsaɪblɪŋ/ /ˈzaɪblɪŋ/ saiblings n
golec golec zwyczajny pstrąg alpejski
A char of Europe (Salvelinus alpinus), also called Arctic char.

saiga saigas n
suhak
Saiga tatarica, an antelope which inhabits a vast area between Kalmykia, Kazakhstan, southern Siberia.

sail /seɪl/ [seɪ̯ɫ] sails n
żagiel kiosk skrzydło śmiga
(nautical) A piece of fabric attached to a boat and arranged such that it causes the wind to drive the boat along. The sail may be attached to the boat via a combination of mast, spars and ropes.
kiosk
A tower-like structure found on the dorsal (topside) surface of submarines.
pneumatofor pęcherz powietrzny
The floating organ of siphonophores, such as the Portuguese man-of-war.

sail /seɪl/ [seɪ̯ɫ] v
żeglować
To ride in a boat, especially a sailboat.
To move briskly and gracefully through the air.

sailboard sailboards n
deska windsurfingowa
A recreational device consisting of a surfboard with a small sail on a flexible mast.

sailboat /ˈseɪlˌboʊt/ /ˈseɪlˌbəʊt/ sailboats n
żaglówka
A boat propelled by a sail.

sailfish sailfish sailfishes n
żaglica
A fish of the genus Istiophorus, having a characteristic sail-like fin on its back.

sailing /ˈseɪ.lɪŋ/ adj
żeglować
Travelling by ship.

sailing /ˈseɪ.lɪŋ/ sailings n
żeglarstwo żeglowanie
Motion across a body of water in a craft powered by the wind, as a sport or otherwise

sailing ship sailing ships n
żaglowiec
A ship with masts and sails, powered by the wind.

sailmaker sailmakers n
żaglownik
One whose occupation is to make or repair sails.

sailor /ˈseɪ.lə/ /ˈseɪ.lɚ/ sailors n
marynarz żeglarka żeglarz
A member of the crew of a vessel; a mariner; a common seaman.
żeglarka żeglarz
A person who sails sailing boats as a sport or recreation.

sailoress sailoresses n
żeglarka
(rare, dated) A female sailor.

saimiri saimiris n
sajmiri
squirrel monkey
Any member of Saimiri, a taxonomic genus of South American arboreal monkeys comprising the squirrel monkeys.

sainfoin /ˈseɪnfɔɪn/ /ˈsænfɔɪn/ sainfoins n
sparceta
A perennial herb of the genus Onobrychis with pale pink flowers, especially Onobrychis viciifolia (syn. Onobrychis sativa).

saint /seɪnt/ /sən(t)/ [sn̩(t)] [sɨn(t)] saints n
święty święta
(religion, generally) A deceased person whom a church or another religious group has officially recognised as especially holy or godly; one eminent for piety and virtue.
(Mormonism, specifically) Alternative letter-case form of Saint (“a Mormon, a Latter-day Saint”)
(figuratively, by extension) A person with similarly overwhelming positive qualities; one who does good.

sainthood sainthoods n
świętość
the state of being a saint

sake /ˈseɪk/ sakes n
wzgląd
cause, interest or account

saker /ˈseɪkə/ /ˈseɪkɚ/ sakers n
raróg
A falcon (Falco cherrug) native of Southern Europe and Asia.

sakura /səˈkʊəɹə/ /ˈsækʊɹə/ /ˈsɑːkʊɹə/ sakura sakuras n
sakura
cherry blossom (blossom of the Japanese cherry tree)

saké /ˈsækeɪ/ /ˈsæki/ /ˈsɑːkeɪ/ /ˈsɑːki/ sakés n
sake sakivodi japanski
Rice wine; a drink made from filtered fermented rice.

salaam interjection
salam
A respectful ceremonial greeting used mostly in Islamic countries.

salaam alaikum /səˈlɑːm əˌleɪkʊm/ interjection
salam alejkum
(Islam) A greeting said on meeting someone.

salacious /səˈleɪ.ʃəs/ more salacious most salacious adj
lubieżny sprośny zbereźny
Lascivious, bawdy, obscene, lewd.

salad /ˈsæləd/ /ˈsælɪd/ /ˈsælɪt/ salads n
sałatka surówka
A food made primarily of a mixture of raw or cold ingredients, typically vegetables, usually served with a dressing such as vinegar or mayonnaise.

salad bowl salad bowls n
salaterka
A bowl used for tossing and serving salad.

salamander /ˈsæləˌmændə/ /ˈsæləˌmændɚ/ /ˈsæləˌmɑːndə/ salamanders n
salamandra
A long, slender, chiefly terrestrial amphibian of the order Caudata, superficially resembling a lizard.
(mythology) A creature much like a lizard that is resistant to and lives in fire (in which it is often depicted in heraldry), hence the elemental being of fire.
(cooking) A metal utensil with a flat head which is heated and put over a dish to brown the top.
(cooking) A small broiler (North America) or grill (Britain) that heats the food from above, used in professional cookery primarily for browning.

salami [səˈlɑːmɪ] salamis n
salami
A large cured meat sausage of Italian origin, served in slices.

salary /ˈsæl.ə.ɹi/ /ˈsæl.ɚ.i/ salaries n
pensja płaca wynagrodzenie
A fixed amount of money paid to a worker, usually calculated on a monthly or annual basis, not hourly, as wages. Implies a degree of professionalism and/or autonomy.

sale /seɪl/ sales n
sprzedaż
An exchange of goods or services for currency or credit.
wyprzedaż
(Short for discount sale) The sale of goods at reduced prices.

saleable /ˈseɪləbl̩/ more saleable most saleable adj
sprzedawalny
Suitable for sale; marketable; worth enough to try to sell.

salep /ˈsæləp/ saleps n
salep

sales representative sales representatives n
akwizytor akwizytorka

salesman salesmen n
sprzedawca akwizytor handlarz
A man whose job it is to sell things, either in a shop/store or elsewhere.

salesperson salespeople salespersons n
sprzedawca sprzedawczyni
A person whose job is to sell things, either in a shop/store or elsewhere.

saleswoman saleswomen n
sprzedawczyni
A woman whose occupation it is to sell things.

salicylate salicylates n
salicylan
(chemistry) any salt or ester of salicylic acid

salicylic acid n
kwas salicylowy
(organic compound) A white crystalline organic acid, 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, C6H4(OH)(COOH), used in the production of aspirin and other industrial chemicals.

salient /ˈseɪ.li.ənt/ /ˈseɪ.ljənt/ /ˈsæɪ.li.ənt/ /ˈsæɪ.ljənt/ salients n
klin narożnik
(geography) A protrusion of the administrative borders of a geopolitical entity, such as a subnational entity or a sovereign state into another geopolitical entity, generally of the same administrative level.

saline /ˈseɪ.laɪn/ /ˈseɪliːn/ more saline most saline adj
słony zasolony
Containing salt; salty.

saline solution saline solutions n
sól fizjologiczny
A solution composed of sodium chloride (NaCl) and water.

salinity /seɪˈlɪnəti/ salinities n
słoność
The quality of being saline.
zasolenie
(chemistry) The concentration of salt in a solution.

saliva /səˈlaɪvə/ salivae salivas salivæ n
ślina
(physiology) A clear, slightly alkaline liquid secreted into the mouth by the salivary glands and mucous glands, consisting of water, mucin, protein, and enzymes. It moistens the mouth, lubricates ingested food, and begins the breakdown of starches.

salivary gland salivary glands n
gruczoł ślinowy ślinianka
(anatomy) Any of several exocrine glands that produce saliva to break down carbohydrates in food enzymatically.

salivate /ˈsælɪveɪt/ v
wydzielać ślinę ślinić się
(intransitive) To produce saliva.
ślinić się
(intransitive) To show eager anticipation at the expectation of something.

sallow /ˈsæ.ləʊ/ sallower sallowest adj
ziemisty
(of skin) Yellowish.

sally /ˈsæli/ sallies n
wycieczka
A sortie of troops from a besieged place against an enemy.
wycieczka wypad
An excursion or side trip.

salmon /ˈsalmon/ /ˈsalmən/ /ˈsælmən/ /ˈsæmən/ /ˈsɑmən/ adj
łososiowy
Having a pale pinkish-orange colour.

salmon /ˈsalmon/ /ˈsalmən/ /ˈsælmən/ /ˈsæmən/ /ˈsɑmən/ salmon salmons n
łosoś
A meal or dish made from this fish.
(plural salmons) A pale pinkish-orange colour, the colour of cooked salmon.

salmon shark salmon sharks n
lamna dwustępkowa
A mackerel shark of species Lamna ditropis.

salmonella /ˌsæl.məˈnɛl.ə/ /ˌsæməˈnɛlə/ salmonellae salmonellas n
salmonella
Any of the serotypes of the two species of rod-shaped bacteria, of the genus Salmonella, especially Salmonella enterica, that cause typhoid fever and salmonellosis, manifest as food poisoning and other diseases.

salo n
sadło słonina
a type of fatback, or non-rendered underskin pig fat consumed in Central and Eastern Europe, usually seasoned

salon /səˈlɒn/ /ˈsælɒn/ salons n
salon sala
A large room, especially one used to receive and entertain guests.
salon
A beauty salon or similar establishment.

saloop /səˈlup/ /səˈluːp/ saloops n
salep
(dated) An aromatic drink originally prepared from salep and later from sassafras bark with other ingredients such as milk and sugar added, which was once popular in London, England.

salsa /ˈsæl.sə/ /ˈsɑl.sə/ salsas n
salsa
(countable) A spicy tomato sauce, often including onions and hot peppers.
(uncountable, music) A style of urban music originally from New York heavily influenced by Cuban dance music, jazz and rock.
(countable, dance) Any of several dances performed to salsa music.

salsify /ˈsælsɪfi/ salsifies n
kozibród salsefia
(countable, uncountable) Any of several flowering plants, of the genus Tragopogon, most of which have purple flowers.

salt /sɑlt/ /sɒlt/ /sɔlt/ /sɔːlt/ [sɑɫt] [sɑɫʔ] [sɔɯ̯t] more salt most salt adj
słony sól
Of water: containing salt, saline.
Treated with salt as a preservative; cured with salt, salted.

salt /sɑlt/ /sɒlt/ /sɔlt/ /sɔːlt/ [sɑɫt] [sɑɫʔ] [sɔɯ̯t] salts n
sól sól kuchenna
A common substance, chemically consisting mainly of sodium chloride (NaCl), used extensively as a condiment and preservative.
sól
(chemistry) One of the compounds formed from the reaction of an acid with a base, where a positive ion replaces a hydrogen of the acid.
(cryptography) Randomly chosen bytes added to a plaintext message prior to encrypting or hashing it, in order to render brute-force decryption more difficult.
wilk morski
(slang) A sailor (also old salt).

salt /sɑlt/ /sɒlt/ /sɔlt/ /sɔːlt/ [sɑɫt] [sɑɫʔ] [sɔɯ̯t] v
solić posolić
(mining) To blast metal into (as a portion of a mine) in order to cause to appear to be a productive seam.

salt cellar salt cellars n
solniczka

salt cod salt cods n
solony dorsz
cod that has been dried and salted

salt dough salt doughs n
masa solna
A modelling material made from a mixture of flour, salt, and water.

salt flat salt flats n
solnisko
A dry lake or playa whose level bed contains abundant salt.

salt lake /ˈsɔːlt ˌleɪk/ salt lakes n
jezioro słone
A landlocked body of water with a high concentration of salts and other dissolved minerals.

salt lick salt licks n
lizawka
A block of salt, often enriched with other minerals, licked by herd animals to supplement their diet.

salt marsh salt marshes n
mokradła słone
A marsh of saline water, found in the intertidal zone between land and sea, characterized by halophytic plants such as grasses and sedges adapted to periodic flooding with salt water.

salt mine salt mines n
kopalnia soli salina
Any mine used for the extraction of salt.

salt of the earth n
sól ziemi
(idiomatic) A person or group of people considered to represent the most decent and admirable parts of humanity.

salt pan salt pans n
salina
A man-made pond where salty water is evaporated to recover salt and/or other minerals.

salt shaker salt shakers n
solniczka

saltbush /ˈsɒltbʊʃ/ /ˈsɔːltˌbʊʃ/ saltbushes n
łoboda
Any of the genus Atriplex of plants, especially Atriplex hortensis or Atriplex patula, found in dry habitats, that have edible leaves resembling spinach, including many desert and seashore plants and halophytes.

salted adj
solony posolony
To which salt has been added.

saltern /ˈsɔːltə(ɹ)n/ salterns n
salina
A modern saltworks.

saltiness saltinesses n
słoność zasolenie
The property of being, or tasting, salty.

salting saltings n
solenie
(uncountable) The act of sprinkling salt, either on food, or on an icy road.
(uncountable) The act of tampering with an investigation site by adding bogus evidence.

saltless adj
bezsolny
free of salt

saltlessness n
bezsolność
Absence of salt.

saltworks saltworks n
salina
A place where salt is refined and prepared commercially.

salty /ˈsɒl.ti/ saltier saltiest adj
słony
Tasting of salt.
Containing salt.

salubrious /səˈl(j)uː.bɹi.əs/ /səˈlu.bɹi.əs/ more salubrious most salubrious adj
zdrowy
Promoting health or well-being; wholesome, especially relating to food or air.

salutary /ˈsaljʊtəɹi/ /ˈsæljətɛɹi/ more salutary most salutary adj
zbawienny
Effecting or designed to effect an improvement; remedial.

salvage /ˈsælvɪd͡ʒ/ salvages n
ocalenie
The rescue of a ship, its crew and passengers or its cargo from a hazardous situation.

salvage /ˈsælvɪd͡ʒ/ v
ocalić
(transitive, of discarded goods) to put to use.

salvation /sælˈveɪʃən/ salvations n
odkupienie ratunek zbawienie
The process of being restored or made new for the purpose of becoming saved; the process of being rid of the old poor quality conditions and becoming improved.

salvo /ˈsælvoʊ/ /ˈsælvəʊ/ salvoes salvos n
salwa
(military) A concentrated fire from pieces of artillery, as in endeavoring to make a break in a fortification; a volley.

samana /sɑːˌmɑːnɑː/ /səˌmɑːnə/ samanas n
samana
(religion) An ascetic, (especially) an ascetic monk who ignores the Vedas in Buddhist and Indian contexts.

samara /səˈmɛrə/ /səˈmɛərə/ /ˈsæmərə/ samarae samaras n
skrzydlak
The winged indehiscent fruit of trees such as the ash, elm or maple.

samarium /səˈmæɹɪəm/ n
samar
A chemical element (symbol Sm) with an atomic number of 62, a moderately hard silvery metal that slowly oxidizes in air.

samba /ˈsɑmbə/ sambas n
samba
A Brazilian ballroom dance or dance style.

sambuca /samˈbjuːkə/ /sæmˈb(j)ukə/ sambucae sambucas n
sambuka
(musical instruments) An ancient form of triangular harp having a very sharp, shrill tone.

sambuca /samˈbʊkə/ /sæmˈbukə/ sambucas n
sambuca
An Italian liqueur made from elderberries and flavoured with licorice, traditionally served with 3 coffee beans that represent health, wealth and fortune (or past, present and future).

same /seɪm/ /seːm/ [seːm] [sɛːm] adj
ten sam
Not different or other; not another or others; not different as regards self; selfsame; identical.
taki sam
Similar, alike.

same old same old n
stara bieda

same old story n
stara śpiewka
(idiomatic) What usually happens; an occurrence that is tediously familiar.

same to you phraseologicalUnit
nawzajem wzajemnie
I wish to you what you have just wished to me.

same-sex adj
jednopłciowy
Restricted to members of a single sex.
homoseksualny
Of, relating to, or between homosexual men or women.

samizdat /səmɪzˈdæt/ /ˈsæmɪzdæt/ samizdats n
samizdat
(uncountable, often, attributive) The secret copying and sharing of illegal publications, chiefly in the Soviet Union; underground publishing and its publications. [from 1950s.]
bibuła
(countable) A samizdat publication.

samosa samosas n
samosa
A snack, of South Asian origin, consisting of a deep-fried triangular turnover filled with vegetables (especially potatoes) or meat.

samovar samovars n
samowar
A metal urn with a spigot, for boiling water for making tea. Traditionally, the water is heated by hot coals or charcoal in a chimney-like tube which runs through the center of the urn. Today, it is more likely that the water is heated by an electric coil.

sampan /ˈsæm.pæn/ sampans n
sampan
A flat-bottomed Chinese wooden boat propelled by two oars.

sample /ˈsaːm.pəl/ /ˈsæm.pəl/ /ˈsæːm.pəl/ /ˈsɑːm.pəl/ [ˈsäːmpɯ] [ˈsɛəmpəɫ] samples n
próba
(statistics) A subset of a population selected for measurement, observation or questioning, to provide statistical information about the population.
próbka
(business) A small piece of some goods, for determining quality, colour, etc., typically given away for free.
próbka sampel
(music) Gratuitous borrowing of easily recognised phases (or moments) from other music (or movies) in a recording.

sample /ˈsaːm.pəl/ /ˈsæm.pəl/ /ˈsæːm.pəl/ /ˈsɑːm.pəl/ [ˈsäːmpɯ] [ˈsɛəmpəɫ] v
samplować
(music, transitive) To reuse a portion of (an existing sound recording) in a new piece of music.

sampler /ˈsamplɚ/ /ˈsampəlɚ/ samplers n
sampler
A device that takes samples.

sampling samplings n
sampling
(music) Electronically splicing pieces of previously recorded sound as part of a composition, especially as part of hip-hop or electronic dance music.

samsara /sʌmˈsɑɹə/ samsaras n
samsara
(philosophy, religion) In Jainism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and some other eastern religions, the ongoing cycle of birth, death, and rebirth endured by human beings and all other mortal beings, and from which release is obtained by achieving the highest enlightenment.

samurai /ˈsæm(j)ʊɹaɪ/ /ˈsæməˌɹaɪ/ samurai samurais n
samuraj
In feudal Japan, a soldier who served a daimyo.

sanation sanations n
sanacja
(archaic) Act of healing or curing.

sanatorium /ˌsænəˈtɔɹiəm/ sanatoria sanatoriums n
sanatorium
An institution that treats chronic diseases, and provides supervised recuperation and convalescence.

sanctimonious /ˌsæŋk.təˈmoʊ.ni.əs/ /ˌsæŋk.təˈməʊ.ni.əs/ /ˌsæŋk.tɪˈmoʊ.ni.əs/ /ˌsæŋk.tɪˈməʊ.ni.əs/ more sanctimonious most sanctimonious adj
świętojebliwy świętoszkowaty
Making a show of being morally better than others, especially hypocritically pious.

sanctimoniously more sanctimoniously most sanctimoniously adv
świętoszkowato
In a sanctimonious manner.

sanctimony /ˈsæŋk.təˌmoʊ.ni/ /ˈsæŋk.təˌməʊ.ni/ /ˈsæŋk.tɪˌmoʊ.ni/ /ˈsæŋk.tɪˌməʊ.ni/ sanctimonies n
bigoteria dewocja świętoszkostwo świętoszkowatość
A hypocritical form of excessive piety, considered to be an affectation merely for public show.

sanction /ˈsæŋkʃən/ sanctions n
sankcja
An approval, by an authority, generally one that makes something valid.
A penalty, punishment, or some coercive measure, intended to ensure compliance; especially one adopted by several nations, or by an international body.
A law, treaty, or contract, or a clause within a law, treaty, or contract, specifying any of the above.

sanction /ˈsæŋkʃən/ v
nakładać sankcje sankcjonować
(transitive) To give official authorization or approval to; to countenance.
nakładać sankcje
(transitive) To penalize (a state etc.) with sanctions.

sanctuary /ˈsæŋktjʊəɹi/ /ˈsæŋkt͡ʃuˌɛɹi/ /ˈsæŋkt͡ʃʊəɹi/ sanctuaries n
sanktuarium
A place of safety, refuge, or protection.
The consecrated (or sacred) area of a church or temple around its tabernacle or altar.

sanctum sanctorum n
sanctum sanctorum
The Holy of Holies in the Jewish temple.

sand /sænd/ sands n
piasek
(uncountable) Rock that is ground more finely than gravel, but is not as fine as silt (more formally, see grain sizes chart), forming beaches and deserts and also used in construction.
(countable, often, _, in the plural) A beach or other mass of sand.
A light beige colour, like that of typical sand.
(countable, figurative) A moment or interval of time; the term or extent of one's life (referring to the sand in an hourglass).

sand nigger sand niggers n
arabus
(derogatory, offensive, ethnic slur) A person of Middle Eastern or North African descent.

sandal /ˈsændəl/ sandals n
sandał
A type of open shoe made up of straps or bands holding a sole to the foot

sandalwood /ˈsandəlwʊd/ sandalwoods n
sandałowiec
Any of various tropical trees of the genus Santalum, native or long naturalized in India, Australia, Hawaii, and many south Pacific islands.
sandał
The aromatic heartwood of these trees used in ornamental carving, in the construction of insect-repellent boxes and chests, and as a source of certain perfumes.

sandarac /ˈsændəɹæk/ sandaracs n
sandarak
(chemistry) A white or yellow resin obtained from a north African tree (Tetraclinis articulata), and pulverized for pounce; probably so called from a resemblance to the mineral.

sandbag sandbags n
worek z piaskiem
A small bag filled with sand and used as a cudgel.

sandbag v
stworzyć barierę z worków z piaskiem tworzyć barierę z worków z piaskiem
(transitive, intransitive) To construct a barrier of sandbags (around).
uderzać workiem z piaskiem uderzyć workiem z piaskiem
(transitive) To strike someone with a sandbag or other object to disable or render unconscious.
pozorować
(figurative, intransitive, originally, US) To conceal or misrepresent one's true position, potential, or intent in order to gain an advantage; (originally, poker) to pretend to have a weak hand, as a strategy.
To pretend to drink early on so that, as the night draws on, one can drink everybody else "under the table".

sandbank sandbanks n
mielizna ławica piaskowa
A ridge of sand along a shore that is partially or totally submerged and thus a hazard to shipping.

sandbar sandbars n
mielizna mielizny
A ridge of sand caused by the action of waves along a shore.

sandblast /ˈsænd.blɑːst/ v
piaskować
To spray with fast-moving solid grains (such as sand propelled by compressed air, although softer material like sodium bicarbonate used for delicate materials may also be so referred to). The process is used for stripping dirt, rust, paint etc. from the surface of objects.

sandbox /ˈsændbɑks/ /ˈsændbɒks/ sandboxes n
brudnopis
(US) A children's play area consisting of a box filled with sand.
piaskownica brudnopis
A box filled with sand that is shaped to form a mould for metal casting.
obszar izolowany piaskownica
(computing) An isolated area where a program can be executed with a restricted portion of the resources available.

sandcastle sandcastles n
babka babka z piasku zamek z piasku
A sculpture made of sand and resembling a miniature castle; typically, but not always, made for fun by a child on a beach.

sanderling sanderlings n
piaskowiec
A small wading bird, Calidris alba, that breeds in the Arctic and winters on sandy shores and estuaries around the world.

sandhi /ˈsændi/ /ˈsɑndi/ /ˈsʌndi/ sandhis n
sandhi
(phonology) Any of a wide variety of phonological processes that occur at morpheme or word boundaries, such as the fusion of sounds across word boundaries and the alteration of sounds due to neighboring sounds or due to the grammatical function of adjacent words.

sandpaper /ˈsændˌpeɪpɚ/ sandpapers n
papier ścierny szmergiel
A strong paper coated with sand, ground glass, or other abrasive material for smoothing and polishing.

sandpiper /ˈsænd.paɪpə/ /ˈsænd.paɪpɚ/ sandpipers n
bekas
Any of various small wading birds of the family Scolopacidae.

sandpit /ˈsænd.pɪt/ sandpits n
piaskownica
A children’s play area consisting of a large container filled with sand.

sandstone /ˈsændˌstoʊn/ /ˈsændˌstəʊn/ sandstones n
piaskowiec
A sedimentary rock produced by the consolidation and compaction of sand, cemented with clay etc.

sandstorm sandstorms n
burza piaskowa burza pyłowa
A strong wind carrying clouds of sand and dust through the air.

sandur sandurs n
sandr
(geology) A plain created by the outwash of glacial meltwater.

sandwich /ˈsæn(d)wɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈsæn(d)wɪt͡ʃ/ /ˈsænˌ(d)wɪt͡ʃ/ [ˈsæmwɪd͡ʒ] [ˈsæmˌwɪt͡ʃ] [ˈsæmˌɪt͡ʃ] [ˈsæ̃wɪd͡ʒ] [ˈsæ̃ˌwɪt͡ʃ] sandwiches sandwichs n
kanapka sandwicz
A dish or foodstuff where at least one piece, but typically two or more pieces, of bread serve(s) as the wrapper or container of some other food.

sandwich cookie sandwich cookies n
markiza
A snack consisting of two cookies with a filling between them.

sandwort sandworts n
piaskowiec
Any of several plants in the genera Arenaria, Minuartia, and Moehringia.

sandy /ˈsændi/ sandier sandiest adj
piaszczysty piaskowy
Covered with sand.

sane /seɪn/ saner sanest adj
rozsądny
Mentally sound; possessing a rational mind; having the mental faculties in such condition as to be able to anticipate and judge the effect of one's actions in an ordinary manner.

sangfroid /sɑŋˈfɹɑ/ sangfroids n
zimna krew
Composure, self-possession or imperturbability especially when in a dangerous situation.

sangoma /-ˈɡɔ-/ /-ˈɡɔː-/ /sæŋˈɡoʊmə/ /sæŋˈɡəʊmə/ sangomas n
znachor
(South Africa, and, other parts of Southern Africa) A (usually female) traditional healer or herbalist, or witch doctor.

sangria /sæŋˈɡɹiːə/ sangrias n
sangria
A cold drink, originating in Spain, consisting of red or white wine, brandy or sherry, fruit juice, sugar and soda water and garnished with orange and other fruit.

sanguinary /ˈsæŋɡwɪnəɹi/ /ˈsæŋɡwɪnɛɹi/ more sanguinary most sanguinary adj
krwawy krwiożerczy
(of a person) Eager to shed blood; bloodthirsty.
krwawy
Consisting of, covered with, or similar in appearance to blood.

sanguine /ˈsæŋ.ɡwɪn/ more sanguine most sanguine adj
krwawoczerwony krwistoczerwony
(literary) Having the colour of blood; blood red. [from late 14th c.]
optymistyczny
Anticipating the best; optimistic; confident; full of hope. [from early 16th c.]

sanguine /ˈsæŋ.ɡwɪn/ sanguines n
heliotrop
Bloodstone.
czerwona kredka
Red crayon.

sanicle sanicles n
żankiel
Any of several plants, of the genus Sanicula, having palmate compound leaves and small flowers arranged in umbels; the snakeroot.

sanitary /ˈsænɪt(ə)ɹi/ /ˈsænɪtɛɹi/ more sanitary most sanitary adj
sanitarny
Of, or relating to health.

sanitation /ˌsænɪˈteɪʃən/ sanitations n
asenizacja
The hygienic disposal or recycling of waste.

sanitational adj
asenizacyjny

sanitize /ˈsænətaɪz/ /ˈsænɪtaɪz/ v
asenizować
(transitive) To rid of microorganisms by cleaning or disinfecting.

sanitizer /ˈsænətaɪzɚ/ /ˈsænɪtaɪzɚ/ sanitizers n
asenizator

sanity /ˈsæ.nə.ɾi/ /ˈsæ.nɪ.ɾi/ /ˈsæn.əˌti/ /ˈsæn.ɪˌti/ sanities n
poczytalność
The condition of being sane.

sanity check sanity checks n
kontrola poczytalności
A check to make sure that something does not contain elementary mistakes or impossibilities and is not based on invalid assumptions.

sans serif /ˈsæn ˈsɛɹɪf/ /ˈsænz ˈsɛɹɪf/ adj
bezszeryfowy
(typography) Of a typeface, without serifs.

sans-culotte /sanzkjuːˈlɒt/ /sɒ̃(ŋ)kjuːˈlɒt/ sans-culottes n
sankiulota
A plebeian Parisian, especially a lower-class republican during the French Revolution. [from 18th c.]

sap /sæp/ saps n
sok mleczny sok
(uncountable) The juice of plants of any kind, especially the ascending and descending juices or circulating fluid essential to nutrition.

sapper /ˈsæpɚ/ sappers n
saper saperka
A combat engineer; an engineer or a soldier engaged in attacking, destroying, and circumventing or building fortifications, bridges, and roads; a military engineer active in a combat zone.

sapphire /ˈsæf.aɪ̯ə(ɹ)/ /ˈsæf.aɪ̯ɚ/ more sapphire most sapphire adj
szafirowy
of a deep blue colour.

sapphire /ˈsæf.aɪ̯ə(ɹ)/ /ˈsæf.aɪ̯ɚ/ sapphires n
szafir
(countable) A clear deep blue variety of corundum, valued as a precious stone.
(countable, and, uncountable) A white, yellow, or purple variety of corundum, either clear or translucent.
(countable, and, uncountable) A deep blue colour.
(tincture) Azure, when blazoning by precious stones.
(countable) Any hummingbird in the genera Hylocharis and Chlorestes, as well as the rufous-throated sapphire, which is now in the genus Amazilia.
Any of the butterflies in the southern Asian lycaenid genus Heliophorus or the African lycaenid genus Iolaus.

saprophyte /ˈsæpɹəʊfaɪt/ saprophytes n
saprofit saprotrof
any organism that lives on dead organic matter, as certain fungi and bacteria

saprotroph saprotrophs n
saprotrof
An organism that lives off dead or decaying organic material by secreting enzymes into it and then absorbing its nutrients.

sapwood /ˈsapwʊd/ sapwoods n
biel
The wood just under the bark of a stem or branch; it differs from the heartwood in color and in physiologic activity (flow of sap).

sarafan sarafans sarafany n
sarafan
A traditional long, trapeze-shaped Russian pinafore worn by women and girls.

sarcasm /ˈsɑːɹˌkæzəm/ /ˈsɑːˌkæzəm/ sarcasms n
sarkazm drwina kpina szyderstwo
(uncountable) Use of acerbic language to mock or convey contempt, often using irony and (in speech) often marked by overemphasis and a sneering tone of voice.

sarcastic /sɑɹˈkæstɪk/ /sɑːˈkæstɪk/ more sarcastic most sarcastic adj
sarkastyczny
Containing sarcasm.
(of a person) Having the personality trait of expressing sarcasm.

sarcastically /sɑː(ɹ)ˈkæstɪkli/ /sɑː(ɹ)ˈkæstɪkəli/ more sarcastically most sarcastically adv
sarkastycznie
In a sarcastic manner.

sarcoidosis sarcoidoses n
sarkoidoza
(medicine) A multisystem disorder characterized by granulomas.

sarcoma /sɑɹˈkoʊmə/ sarcomas sarcomata n
mięsak
(oncology) A type of malignant tumor of the bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue.

sarcopenia sarcopenias n
sarkopenia
(pathology) Gradual loss of skeletal muscle due to aging, immobility, illness, or combinations thereof.

sarcophagus /-d͡ʒaɪ/ /sɑɹˈkɑfəɡaɪ/ /sɑɹˈkɑfəɡəs/ /sɑːˈkɒfəɡaɪ/ /sɑːˈkɒfəɡəs/ sarcophagi sarcophaguses sarcophagusses n
sarkofag
A stone coffin, often with its exterior inscribed, or decorated with sculpture.
(informal) The cement and steel structure that encases the destroyed nuclear reactor at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Chernobyl, Ukraine.

sardine /sɑɹˈdin/ /sɑːˈdiːn/ sardines n
sardynka pilchard sardyna
Any one of several species of small herring which are commonly preserved in olive oil or in tins for food, especially the pilchard, or European sardine Sardina pilchardus (syn. Clupea pilchardus). The California sardine Sardinops sagax (syn. Clupea sagax) is similar. The American sardines of the Atlantic coast are mostly the young of the Atlantic herring and of the menhaden.
(obsolete) carnelian.
(figurative) Someone packed or crammed into a small space.

sardonic /sɐːˈdɔnɪk/ /sɑɹˈdɑnɪk/ /sɑːˈdɒnɪk/ more sardonic most sardonic adj
sardoniczny
Scornfully mocking or cynical.
Disdainfully or ironically humorous.

sardonically more sardonically most sardonically adv
sardonicznie
In a sardonic manner.

sardonyx /sɑː(ɹ)ˈdɒnɪks/ sardonyxes n
sardonik sardonyks
A gemstone having bands of red sard; a variety of onyx or chalcedony.

sari /ˈsɑː.ɹi/ saris n
sari
The traditional dress of women in the Indian Subcontinent; an outer garment consisting of a single length of cotton or silk, most often with one end wrapped around the waist to form a skirt, the other draped over the shoulder or head.

sarissa sarissae sarissas n
sarysa

sartorial /sɑɹˈtɔɹ.i.əl/ /sɑːˈtɔː.ɹi.əl/ more sartorial most sartorial adj
krawiecki
(not comparable) Of or relating to the tailoring of clothing.

sartorius /sɑː(ɹ)ˈtɔːɹ.i.əs/ sartorii n
mięsień krawiecki
(anatomy) A long, slender muscle that runs from the iliac crest along the anterior and medial aspects of the thigh to the proximal tibia, superficial to the quadriceps musculature; the longest muscle in the human body.

sash /sæʃ/ sashes n
szarfa pas
A decorative length of cloth worn over the shoulder to the opposite hip, often for ceremonial or other formal occasions.

sashimi /səˈʃiːmi/ /ˈsæʃɪmi/ sashimis n
sashimi
A dish consisting of thin slices or pieces of raw fish or meat.

satanic /seɪˈtænɪk/ /səˈtænɪk/ more satanic most satanic adj
szatański satanistyczny
(of, pertaining to or resembling Satan).
szatański diabelski diaboliczny
Evil, fiendish, devilish or diabolical.

satanically more satanically most satanically adv
satanistycznie szatańsko
In a satanic manner.

satay /sæˈteɪ/ /sɑːˈteɪ/ /ˈsæt.eɪ/ /ˈsɑː.teɪ/ satays n
satay saté
A dish made from small pieces of meat or fish grilled on a skewer and served with a spicy peanut sauce, originating from Indonesia and Malaysia.

satchel /ˈsæt͡ʃəl/ satchels n
tornister
A bag or case with one or two shoulder straps, especially used to carry books etc.

sate /seɪt/ v
nasycić sycić
To satisfy the appetite or desire of; to fill up.

sateen /səˈtiːn/ sateens n
satyna
A type of cotton cloth with a shiny surface and dull back, woven using the technique that, when applied to silk or nylon, results in cloth called satin.

satellitary more satellitary most satellitary adj
satelicki satelitarny

satellite /ˈsætəlaɪt/ satellites n
satelita
A moon or other smaller body orbiting a larger one. [from 17th c.]
satelita sztuczny satelita sputnik
A man-made apparatus designed to be placed in orbit around a celestial body, generally to relay information, data etc. to Earth. [from 20th c.]

satellite dish satellite dishes n
antena satelitarna talerz
A parabolic antenna designed to receive microwaves from communications satellites, which transmit data transmissions or broadcasts, such as satellite television.

satellite navigation n
nawigacja
Practice of calculating one's position and velocity using radio signals transmitted from space satellites as reference.

satellite television n
telewizja satelitarna
A type of cable television service that is broadcasted by a communications satellite and is received by an outdoor antenna or satellite dish.

satellite-framing n
oznaczenie na dopełnieniu

satiate /ˈseɪʃɪeɪt/ v
zaspokajać zaspokoić
(transitive) To fill to satisfaction; to satisfy.
nasycić nasycać
(transitive) To satisfy to excess. To fill to satiety.

satiated more satiated most satiated adj
syty
Pleasantly satisfied or full, as with food; sated

satiety /səˈsaɪ.ɪ.ti/ /səˈtaɪ.ə.ti/ /səˈtaɪ.ɪ.ti/ satieties n
najedzenie sytość
The state of being satiated.

satin /ˈsætɪn/ satins n
atłas
A cloth woven from silk, nylon or polyester with a glossy surface and a dull back. (The same weaving technique applied to cotton produces cloth termed sateen).

satin stitch satin stitches n
atłasek

satinlike more satinlike most satinlike adj
atłasowy

satire /ˈsætaɪə/ /ˈsætaɪɹ/ satires n
satyra
(uncountable) A literary device of writing or art which principally ridicules its subject often as an intended means of provoking or preventing change or highlighting a shortcoming in the work of another. Imitation, humor, irony, and exaggeration are often used to aid this.

satirical /səˈtɪɹɪkəl/ more satirical most satirical adj
satyryczny
Of, pertaining to, or connected with satire.

satisfaction /sætɪsˈfækʃən/ satisfactions n
zadowolenie satysfakcja
A fulfilment of a need or desire.
The pleasure obtained by such fulfillment.

satisfactory /sætɪsˈfækt(ə)ɹi/ more satisfactory most satisfactory adj
zadowalający
Done to satisfaction; adequate or sufficient.

satisfied /ˈsætɪsfaɪd/ more satisfied most satisfied adj
zadowolony usatysfakcjonowany
In a state of satisfaction.

satisfy /ˈsætɪsfaɪ/ v
zadowolić zadowalać zaspokajać satysfakcjonować usatysfakcjonować zaspokoić
(ambitransitive) To do enough for; to meet the needs of; to fulfill the wishes or requirements of.

satrap /ˈseɪtɹæp/ /ˈsæt.ræp/ satraps n
satrapa
(historical) A governor of a Persian province.

satrapy satrapies satrapys n
satrapia
(historical) The territory governed by a satrap; a province of any of several ancient empires of Western Asia (specifically, of the Median or Achaemenid empires or certain of their successors, including the Sassanian Empire and Hellenistic empires).

saturate /ˈsæt͡ʃəˌɹeɪt/ v
nasycać nasycić
(transitive) To cause to become completely permeated with, or soaked (especially with a liquid).
nasycać nasycić wysycać wysycić
(transitive, chemistry) To satisfy the affinity of; to cause a substance to become inert by chemical combination with all that it can hold.

saturation saturations n
saturacja
The act of saturating or the process of being saturated
(art) The intensity or vividness of a colour.
(music) An effect on the sound of an electric guitar, used primarily in heavy metal music
saturacja nasycenie
(chemistry) The state of a saturated solution

saturnine /-nɪn/ /-ˌnin/ /ˈsætənaɪn/ /ˈsætɚˌnaɪn/ [-ɾɚ-] more saturnine most saturnine adj
ponury
(comparable) Of a person: having a tendency to be cold, bitter, gloomy, sarcastic, and slow to change and react.

satyr /ˈseɪtɚ/ /ˈsætə/ /ˈsætɚ/ satyrs n
satyr
(Greek mythology) A sylvan deity or demigod, male companion of Pan or Dionysus, represented as part man and part goat, and characterized by riotous merriment and lasciviousness, sometimes pictured with a perpetual erection.
(Roman mythology) Synonym of faun
(by extension) A lecherous man.

sauce /soːs/ /sɑs/ /sɔs/ /sɔːs/ sauces n
sos
A liquid (often thickened) condiment or accompaniment to food.

saucepan /ˈsoːs.pɘn/ /ˈsoːsˌpɛn/ /ˈsɔsˌpæn/ /ˈsɔːs.pən/ saucepans n
rondel
(countable, cookware) A deep cooking vessel with a handle and sometimes a lid; used for boiling, stewing and making sauces.

saucer /ˈsɑ.səɹ/ /ˈsɒ.səɹ/ /ˈsɔ.səɹ/ /ˈsɔː.sə/ saucers n
spodek
A small shallow dish to hold a cup and catch drips.

sauerkraut /ˈsaʊəˌkɹaʊt/ /ˈsaʊɚˌkɹaʊt/ /ˈsaʊɚˌkɹʌʊt/ sauerkrauts n
kapusta kwaszona kapusta kiszona
(countable, uncountable) A dish made by fermenting finely chopped cabbage.

sauna /ˈsaʊ.nə/ /ˈsɔː.nə/ saunas n
sauna
A room or a house designed for heat sessions.
The act of using a sauna.

saunter /ˈsɑntɚ/ /ˈsɔntɚ/ /ˈsɔːntə/ saunters n
przechadzka spacer
A leisurely walk or stroll.

saunter /ˈsɑntɚ/ /ˈsɔntɚ/ /ˈsɔːntə/ v
kroczyć przechadzać się spacerować
To stroll, or walk at a leisurely pace.

saunterer saunterers n
spacerowicz spacerowiczka
One who saunters.

saury /ˈsɔː.ɹi/ sauries saury n
sajra
A marine epipelagic fish of the family Scomberesocidae, with beaklike jaws and a row of small finlets behind the dorsal and anal fins.

sausage /ˈsæsɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈsɑsɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈsɑːsɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈsɒsɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈsɔsɪd͡ʒ/ sausages n
kiełbasa kiełbaska
A food made of ground meat (or meat substitute) and seasoning, packed in a section of the animal's intestine, or in a similarly cylindrical shaped synthetic casing; a length of this food.

savage /ˈsævɪd͡ʒ/ more savage most savage adj
dziki zdziczały
Wild; not cultivated or tamed.
barbarzyński niecywilizowany
Barbaric; not civilized.
bestialski brutalny okrutny
Fierce and ferocious.
okrutny bestialski bezlitosny brutalny
Brutal, vicious, or merciless.

savage /ˈsævɪd͡ʒ/ savages n
dzikus dzikuska
(pejorative) A person not living in a civilization; a barbarian.

savagery /ˈsæv.ɪd͡ʒ.ɹɪ/ savageries n
dzikość
Savages collectively; the world of savages.

save /seɪv/ v
ratować uratować
To help (somebody) to survive, or rescue (somebody or something) from harm.
zbawić ratować
(Christianity) To redeem or protect someone from eternal damnation.
oszczędzać
(transitive, gambling, slang, archaic) To make an agreement to give (some amount of money) to a fellow gambler if one wins, and to receive that amount from them if they win, as a form of hedging.
zapisać zapisywać
(transitive, intransitive, computing, video games) To write a file to disk or other storage medium.

save face v
zachować twarz
(idiomatic, intransitive) To take an action or make a gesture intended to preserve one's reputation or honour.

savin savins n
Jałowiec sabiński jałowiec sawina sawina
The evergreen shrub Juniperus sabina, endemic to Europe, which yields a medicinal oil.

saving /ˈseɪv.ɪŋ/ savings n
oszczędność
(uncountable) The action of the verb to save.

savings account savings accounts n
konto oszczędnościowe
(finance, banking) A bank account designed for a client's savings, which compared to a current account typically entails withdrawal restrictions but yields a better interest

savings bank savings banks n
bank oszczędnościowy
A type of financial institution that focuses on retail banking: savings of private depositors, payments, credits and insurances for individuals or small and medium-sized enterprises.

savior /ˈseɪvjə/ /ˈseɪvjɚ/ saviors n
ratowniczka ratownik wybawca wybawczyni wybawiciel wybawicielka
A person who saves someone, rescues another from harm.

savory /ˈseɪvəɹi/ savorier savoriest adj
smaczny smakowity
Tasty, attractive to the palate.
niesłodki pikantny wytrawny
Salty and/or spicy, but not sweet.

savory /ˈseɪvəɹi/ savories n
cząber
Any of several Mediterranean herbs, of the genus Satureja, grown as culinary flavourings.

saw /ˈsɑ/ /ˈsɑl/ /ˈsɔ/ /ˈsɔː/ [ˈsɔɹ] saws n
piła piłka
A tool with a toothed blade used for cutting hard substances, in particular wood or metal.
przysłowie powiedzenie
(archaic) A saying or proverb.

saw /ˈsɑ/ /ˈsɑl/ /ˈsɔ/ /ˈsɔː/ [ˈsɔɹ] v
piłować przepiłować przepiłowywać przerżnąć rżnąć
(transitive) To cut (something) with a saw.
(intransitive) To make a motion back and forth similar to cutting something with a saw.
(intransitive) To be cut with a saw.

saw off the branch one is sitting on v
podcinać gałąź, na której się siedzi

saw-wort saw-worts n
sierpik
Any plant of the composite genus Serratula.

sawdust /ˈsɔːˌdʌst/ sawdusts n
trociny
The fine particles (dust) created by sawing wood or other material.

sawfish sawfish sawfishes n
piła
Any ray (marine fish with a flat body and wing-like fins) of the family Pristidae, having a snout that resembles a saw.

sawfly sawflies n
rośliniarka
Any of various flying insects of the suborder Symphyta whose ovipositor is long and often serrated and is used to cut into plants to lay eggs.

sawhorse /sɔ.hɔɹs/ /sɔː.hɔː(ɹ)s/ sawhorses n
kozioł koziołek
A structure with a crosspiece used to support timber or other material for working.

sawm n
saum
(Islam) fasting, abstention, abstinence; the third of the five pillars of Islam

sawmill sawmills n
tartak
A machine, building or company used for cutting (milling) lumber, or (rarely) other hard materials such as stone.

sawn-off shotgun sawn-off shotguns n
obrzyn

saxifrage /ˈsæk.sə.frɪd͡ʒ/ saxifrages n
skalnica
Any plant in the genus Saxifraga.

saxophone /ˈsæksəfoʊn/ saxophones n
saksofon
A single-reed instrument musical instrument of the woodwind family, usually made of brass and with a distinctive loop bringing the bell upwards.

saxophonist /ˈsæk.səˌfoʊn.ɪst/ /ˌsækˈsɑ.fə.nɪst/ /ˌsækˈsɒ.fə.nɪst/ saxophonists n
saksofonista saksofonistka
A person who owns, plays or practices with the saxophone.

say /seɪ/ adv
bodaj dajmy na to

say /seɪ/ n
głos
A chance to speak; the right or power to influence or make a decision.

say /seɪ/ v
mówić powiedzieć
(transitive) To tell, either verbally or in writing.
(impersonal, transitive) To have a common expression; used in singular passive voice or plural active voice to indicate a rumor or well-known fact.
mówić powiedzieć rzec powiadać wymawiać
(intransitive) To speak; to express an opinion; to make answer; to reply.

say goodbye v
pożegnać żegnać
(literal sense) To wish someone farewell upon their leaving.

say no more phraseologicalUnit
nic więcej nie mów

say what phraseologicalUnit
że co?

say what you like phraseologicalUnit
mów, co chcesz

say yes v
przytakiwać przytaknąć

saying /ˈseɪ.ɪŋ/ sayings n
powiedzenie
A proverb or maxim.

sayonara /ˌsaɪəˈnɑːɹə/ interjection
sajonara
(informal, often, _, jocular, especially, _, used when referring to Japan) Goodbye, adieu.

scab /skæb/ scabs n
strup
An incrustation over a sore, wound, vesicle, or pustule, formed during healing.

scabbard /ˈskæb.əd/ /ˈskæb.ɚd/ scabbards n
pochwa
The sheath of a sword.

scabies /ˈskeɪ.biz/ n
świerzb
(pathology) An infestation of parasitic mites, Sarcoptes scabiei, causing intense itching caused by the mites burrowing into the skin of humans and other animals. It is easily transmissible from human to human; secondary skin infection may occur.

scaffold /ˈskæf.ld/ /ˈskæf.əld/ /ˈskæf.əʊld/ scaffolds n
rusztowanie
A structure made of scaffolding for workers to stand on while working on a building.
szafot
An elevated platform on which a criminal is executed.

scaffold /ˈskæf.ld/ /ˈskæf.əld/ /ˈskæf.əʊld/ v
rusztować
(transitive) To set up a scaffolding; to surround a building with scaffolding.

scaffolding /ˈskæfəldɪŋ/ /ˈskæˌfoʊldɪŋ/ scaffoldings n
rusztowanie
A temporary modular system of tubes (or formerly wood) forming a framework used to support people and material in the construction or repair of buildings and other large structures.

scalability scalabilities n
skalowalność
The property of being scalable.

scalar adj
skalarny
(mathematics) Having magnitude but not direction.

scalar scalars n
skalar
(mathematics) A quantity that has magnitude but not direction; compare vector.

scalar product scalar products n
iloczyn skalarny
(linear algebra) The product of two vectors computed as the sum of the corresponding elements of the vectors, or, equivalently, as the product of the magnitudes of the vectors and the cosine of the angle between their directions.

scale /skeɪl/ /skæɪl/ [skeɪ̯(ə)ɫ] [skæɪ̯(ə)ɫ] scales n
skala
(obsolete) A ladder; a series of steps; a means of ascending.
An ordered, usually numerical sequence used for measurement; means of assigning a magnitude.
Size; scope.
The ratio of depicted distance to actual distance.
(music) A series of notes spanning an octave, tritave, or pseudo-octave, used to make melodies.
łuska
Part of an overlapping arrangement of many small, flat and hard pieces of keratin covering the skin of an animal, particularly a fish or reptile.
A flake of skin of an animal afflicted with dermatitis.
szala
Either of the pans, trays, or dishes of a balance or scales.

scale /skeɪl/ /skæɪl/ [skeɪ̯(ə)ɫ] [skæɪ̯(ə)ɫ] v
ociągać ociągnąć
(transitive) To clean, as the inside of a cannon, by the explosion of a small quantity of powder.

scale back v
redukować zredukować

scale insect scale insects n
czerwiec
Any of the small parasitic insects of the superfamily Coccoidea that live on plants and sap nutrients from them.

scale model scale models n
makieta
A three-dimensional copy or representation of something in which all parts have dimensions in the same proportion to that of the original.

scaleless /ˈskeɪl.ləs/ adj
bezłuski
(botany, zoology) Not having scales.

scalene /skeɪˈlin/ /ˈskeɪ.liːn/ /ˈskeɪˌlin/ adj
różnoboczny
(trigonometry) Having sides all unequal in length.

scaler scalers n
nakładacz
(dentistry) A dentistry tool with two hooks.

scales /skeɪlz/ n
waga
A device for measuring weight.

scallop /ˈskaləp/ /ˈskæləp/ /ˈskɑləp/ /ˈskɒləp/ /ˈskɔləp/ /ˈskɛləp/ scallops n
przegrzebek
Any of various marine bivalve molluscs of the family Pectinidae which are free-swimming.

scalp /skælp/ scalps n
góra głowy
The part of the head where the hair grows from, or used to grow from.

scalpel /ˈskælpəl/ scalpels n
skalpel
A small straight knife with a very sharp blade used for surgery, dissection and craftwork.

scalper scalpers n
konik
(US, Canada) One who scalps tickets to popular entertainment events: buying them in advance and then selling them (e.g. online or just outside the venue of the event), often at inflated prices.

scaly /ˈskeɪli/ scalier scaliest adj
łuskowaty
Covered or abounding with scales.

scaly thrush scaly thrushes n
drozdoń pstry
Zoothera dauma, an Old World thrush.

scam /skæm/ scams n
oszustwo przekręt szwindel
A fraudulent deal.

scammer /ˈskæmɚ/ scammers n
oszust
(slang) A swindler, cheat.

scammony scammonies n
powój czyszczący powój przeczyszczający powój żywiczny socznica
Convolvulus scammonia, a twining perennial bindweed native to the eastern part of the Mediterranean basin, whose juice has been used in medicine as scammonium.

scamp /skamp/ /skæmp/ scamps n
baciar
A mischievous person, especially a playful, impish youngster.

scamper /ˈskæmpə/ /ˈskæmpɚ/ v
pędzić
(intransitive) To run lightly and quickly, especially in a playful or undignified manner.

scan /skæn/ scans n
skanowanie
(computing) An instance of scanning.
skan
(computing) The result or output of a scanning process.

scan /skæn/ v
skanować zeskanować
(computing, medicine, transitive) To create an image of something with the use of a scanner.

scandal /ˈskændəl/ scandals n
awantura skandal afera draka hańba heca
An incident or event that disgraces or damages the reputation of the persons or organization involved.

scandal sheet scandal sheets n
szczujnia
(informal) A tabloid newspaper containing gossip and sensational news stories pertaining especially to well-known people.

scandalous /ˈskændələs/ more scandalous most scandalous adj
skandaliczny awanturniczy
Wrong, immoral, causing a scandal.

scandalousness n
awanturnictwo awanturniczość

scandium /ˈskændi.əm/ n
skand
A metallic chemical element, atomic number 21, obtained from some uranium ores; it is a transition element.

scanlation scanlations n
skanlacja
(comics, chiefly, manga) The process of scanning and translating foreign-language comics (especially Japanese manga or Korean manhwa) into the translator's language, for free distribution over the Internet.

scanner /ˈskænə/ /ˈskænɚ/ scanners n
skaner
A device which scans documents in order to convert them to a digital medium. [from 20th c.]
A radio receiver which iterates through a sequence of frequencies to detect signal.
A device which uses radiation (ultrasound, X-ray, etc.) to generate images of tissue or surfaces for diagnostic purposes.
A device which uses optics to detect printed data (such as a barcode).

scanning tunneling microscope scanning tunneling microscopes n
skaningowy mikroskop tunelowy
A device used to form an image of the surface of a conductor or semiconductor with atomic resolution.

scape /ˈskeɪp/ scapes n
głąbik
(botany) A leafless stalk growing directly out of a root, bulb, or subterranean structure.

scapegoat /ˈskeɪpˌɡoʊt/ /ˈskeɪpˌɡəʊt/ scapegoats n
kozioł ofiarny
In the Mosaic Day of Atonement ritual, a goat symbolically imbued with the sins of the people, and sent out alive into the wilderness while another was sacrificed.
Someone unfairly blamed or punished for some failure.

scapular /ˈskapjʊlə/ scapulars n
szkaplerz
(Christianity) A short cloak worn around the shoulders, adopted as part of the uniform of various religious orders, later often with an embroidered image of a saint. [from 15th c.]
(Christianity) A devotional object, typically consisting of two rectangular pieces of cloth (often with an embroidered image or text) joined with cloth bands and worn with one piece over the chest and one in the back.

scar /skɑɹ/ /skɑː(ɹ)/ scars n
blizna szrama
A permanent mark on the skin, sometimes caused by the healing of a wound.

scar /skɑɹ/ /skɑː(ɹ)/ v
bliznowacieć bliźnić się zabliźniać się zabliźnić się zbliznowacieć
(intransitive) To form a scar.

scarab /ˈskæɹəb/ /ˈskɛɹəb/ scarabs n
skarabeusz
A beetle of the species Scarabaeus sacer, sacred to the ancient Egyptians.

scarcity /ˈskɛəsɪti/ /ˈskɛɹsɪti/ scarcities n
niedostatek
(uncountable) The condition of something being scarce or deficient.

scare /skɛə/ /skɛɚ/ /skɪə(ɹ)/ v
straszyć
To frighten, terrify, startle, especially in a minor way.

scare off v
odstraszać odstraszyć
(transitive) To cause (something) to flee by frightening it.
(transitive) To deter.

scarecrow /ˈskɛəkɹəʊ/ /ˈskɛɚˌkɹoʊ/ scarecrows n
strach na wróble strach
An effigy, typically made of straw and dressed in old clothes, fixed to a pole in a field to deter birds from eating crops or seeds planted there. [from 1530s]

scared /skɛ(ə)ɹd/ /skɛəd/ [skɛɚd] more scared most scared scareder scaredest adj
wystraszony zalękniony
Feeling fear; afraid, frightened.

scaremonger scaremongers n
panikarz panikarka
Someone who spreads worrying rumours or needlessly alarms people.

scarf /skɑːf/ /skɑːɹf/ scarfs scarves n
szalik szal
A long, often knitted, garment worn around the neck.

scarification /ˌskɛɹɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ scarifications n
skaryfikacja
The scratching, etching, burning / branding, or superficially cutting designs, pictures, or words into the skin as a permanent body modification.

scarificator scarificators n
skaryfikator
(surgery, archaic) An instrument, principally used in cupping, containing several lancets that are moved simultaneously by a spring, used for making slight incisions on a body.

scarlet /ˈskɐːlət/ /ˈskɑɹlɪt/ /ˈskɑːlɪt/ more scarlet most scarlet adj
szkarłatny
Of a bright red colour.
grzeszny nierządny
Sinful or whorish.

scarlet /ˈskɐːlət/ /ˈskɑɹlɪt/ /ˈskɑːlɪt/ scarlets n
szkarłat
A brilliant red colour tinged with orange.

scarlet fever scarlet fevers n
płonica szkarlatyna
(disease) A streptococcal infection, mainly occurring among children, and characterized by a red skin rash, sore throat and fever.

scarlike more scarlike most scarlike adj
bliznowaty

scarp /skɑɹp/ /skɑːp/ scarps n
skarpa
(geology) A cliff at the edge of a plateau or ridge caused by erosion or faulting; the steeper side of an escarpment.

scary /ˈskɛəɹi/ /ˈskɛɹi/ adv
przerażający straszliwy straszny
(informal) To a scary extent; scarily.

scat /skæt/ interjection
sio
(colloquial) An imperative demand to leave, often understood by speaker and listener as impertinent.

scathe /skeɪð/ /skeɪθ/ scathes n
szkoda uszczerbek
(countable, uncountable) Damage, harm, hurt, injury.

scatterbrain scatterbrains n
roztrzepaniec wypłosz
A flighty, disorganized or forgetful person.

scatterbrained more scatterbrained most scatterbrained adj
roztrzepany
Having the qualities of a scatterbrain: absent-minded, forgetful, easily distracted.

scaup /skɔːp/ scaup scaups n
ogorzałka
Any of three species of small diving duck in the genus Aythya.

scavenge /ˈskæv.ɪndʒ/ v
żerować
(transitive) To collect and remove refuse, or to search through refuse, carrion, or abandoned items for useful material.

scavenger /ˈskæv.ən.d͡ʒə(ɹ)/ scavengers n
padlinożerca
An animal that feeds on decaying matter such as carrion.

scenario /səˈneːɹi.əʉ/ /səˈnæːɹi.əʉ/ /səˈnɐːɹi.əʉ/ /sɪˈnæɹioʊ/ /sɪˈnɑɹioʊ/ /sɪˈnɑːɹi.əʊ/ /sɪˈnɛəɹioʊ/ scenari scenarios n
scenariusz
(dated) An outline of the plot of a dramatic or literary work.
(dated) A screenplay itself, or an outline or a treatment of it.
An outline or model of an expected or supposed sequence of events.

scene /siːn/ scenes n
scena
The location of an event that attracts attention.

scenery /ˈsiːnəɹi/ /ˈsiːnɹi/ sceneries n
krajobraz pejzaż sceneria
View, natural features, landscape.
dekoracja
Stage backdrops, property and other items on a stage that give the impression of the location of the scene.

scenic route scenic routes n
malownicza trasa
A road or path designed to take one past a pleasant view or nice scenery.

scent /sɛnt/ scents n
zapach woń
A distinctive smell.
zapach
A smell left by an animal that may be used for tracing.
trop ślad
(figuratively) Any trail or trace that can be followed to find something or someone, such as the paper left behind in a paperchase.
zapach perfumy
(obsolete) Sense, perception.

scent /sɛnt/ v
zwietrzyć zwęszyć
(transitive) To detect the scent of; to discern by the sense of smell.
wypełniać wonią
(transitive) To impart an odour to, to cause to have a particular smell.

scent hound scent hounds n
tropowiec
A hunting dog that tracks prey using its sense of smell rather than by its vision.

scented more scented most scented adj
pachnący
Having a pleasant aroma.

scentless more scentless most scentless adj
bezwonny bezzapachowy
Not having a scent, odorless.

sceptre /ˈsɛptə/ /ˈsɛptɚ/ sceptres n
berło
(British spelling) An ornamental staff held by a ruling monarch as a symbol of power.

schadenfreude /ˈʃɑː.dən.fɹɔɪ.də/ schadenfreudes n
Schadenfreude
Malicious enjoyment derived from observing someone else's misfortune.

schedule /ˈskɛdjuːl/ /ˈskɛdʒuːl/ /ˈskɛd͡ʒu(ə)l/ /ˈskɛd͡ʒul/ /ˈskɛd͡ʒuəl/ /ˈskɛd͡ʒuːl/ /ˈskɛd͡ʒəl/ /ˈskɛd͡ʒʊl/ /ˈsɛdjuːl/ /ˈsɛd͡ʒuːl/ /ˈʃeˌduːl/ /ˈʃɛdjuːl/ /ˈʃɛdʒuːl/ /ˈʃɛd͡ʒu(ə)l/ /ˈʃɛd͡ʒuːl/ schedules n
harmonogram plan agenda grafik
A procedural plan, usually but not necessarily tabular in nature, indicating a sequence of operations and the planned times at which those operations are to occur. [from 19th c.]

schedule /ˈskɛdjuːl/ /ˈskɛdʒuːl/ /ˈskɛd͡ʒu(ə)l/ /ˈskɛd͡ʒul/ /ˈskɛd͡ʒuəl/ /ˈskɛd͡ʒuːl/ /ˈskɛd͡ʒəl/ /ˈskɛd͡ʒʊl/ /ˈsɛdjuːl/ /ˈsɛd͡ʒuːl/ /ˈʃeˌduːl/ /ˈʃɛdjuːl/ /ˈʃɛdʒuːl/ /ˈʃɛd͡ʒu(ə)l/ /ˈʃɛd͡ʒuːl/ v
układać harmonogram
To create a time-schedule.
zaplanować zaprogramować
To plan an activity at a specific date or time in the future.

scheelite scheelites n
szelit
(mineral) A mineral composed of calcium tungstate, with the chemical formula CaWO4; an important tungsten ore.

schematization schematizations n
schematyzacja
Arrangement into a scheme or schema.

schematize /ˈskiːmətaiz/ v
schematyzować
(transitive) To organize according to a scheme.

scheme /skiːm/ schemes n
plan program schemat
A systematic plan of future action. [from 18th c.]
intryga
A plot or secret, devious plan.

scherzo /ˈskɛətsəʊ/ /ˈskɛəɹ(ˌ)tsoʊ/ /ˈskɛəɹtˌsoʊ/ /ˈskɜːt-/ scherzi scherzos n
scherzo
(music) A piece of music or a movement from a larger piece such as a symphony; especially, a piece of music played in a playful manner.

schism /ˈskɪzəm/ /ˈsɪzəm/ /ˈʃɪzəm/ schisms n
schizma
A split or separation within a group or organization, typically caused by discord.
(religion) A formal division or split within a religious body.
(Catholicism) a split within Christianity whereby a group no longer recognizes the Bishop of Rome as the head of the Church, but shares essentially the same beliefs with the Church of Rome. In other words, a political split without the introduction of heresy.

schismatic /skɪzˈmæt.ɪk/ /sɪzˈmæt.ɪk/ /ʃɪzˈmæt.ɪk/ [skɪzˈmæɾ.ɪk] [sɪzˈmæɾ.ɪk] [ʃɪzˈmæɾ.ɪk] adj
schizmatycki
(religion) Of or pertaining to a schism.

schismatic /skɪzˈmæt.ɪk/ /sɪzˈmæt.ɪk/ /ʃɪzˈmæt.ɪk/ [skɪzˈmæɾ.ɪk] [sɪzˈmæɾ.ɪk] [ʃɪzˈmæɾ.ɪk] schismatics n
schizmatyczka schizmatyk
(religion) A person involved in a schism.

schistosomiasis schistosomiases n
schistosomatoza bilharcjoza
(pathology) Any of various diseases of humans caused by parasitic blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma.

schizo /ˈskɪtsoʊ/ schizos n
schizol schizolka
(slang, derogatory) Schizophrenic.

schizocarp schizocarps n
rozłupnia
(botany) A dry fruit that develops from multiple carpels and splits into multiple, one-seeded mericarps at maturity

schizoid personality disorder /ˈskɪdzɔɪd ˌpɜɹsəˈnælɪti dɪsˈɔːdə(ɹ)/ /ˈskɪdzɔɪd ˌpɝsəˈnælɪɾi dɪsˈɔːɹdɚ/ /ˈskɪtsɔɪd ˌpɜɹsəˈnælɪti dɪsˈɔːdə(ɹ)/ /ˈskɪtsɔɪd ˌpɝsəˈnælɪɾi dɪsˈɔːɹdɚ/ schizoid personality disorders n
schizoidalne zaburzenie osobowości
(psychiatry) A personality disorder characterized by social withdrawal, flat affect, very few, if any, close friends or personal relationships, excessive preoccupation with fantasy and insensitivity to prevailing social norms and conventions.

schizophasia schizophasias n
schizofazja
(psychiatry) Word salad: a nonsensical, often repetitious assemblage of words, typical of mental disorders such as schizophrenia.

schizophrenia /ˌskɪt.səˈfɹiː.ni.ə/ /ˌskɪt.səˈfɹɛ.ni.ə/ /ˌskɪz.əˈfɹiː.ni.ə/ schizophrenias n
schizofrenia
(pathology) A psychiatric diagnosis denoting a persistent, often chronic, mental illness characterised by abnormal perception, thinking, behavior and emotion, often marked by delusions.
schizofrenia schiza
(informal, figurative) Any condition in which disparate or mutually exclusive activities coexist; a lack of decision between options.

schizophrenic /ˌskɪtsəˈfɹɛnɪk/ more schizophrenic most schizophrenic adj
schizofreniczny
Of or relating to schizophrenia.

schizotypal personality disorder schizotypal personality disorders n
schizotypowe zaburzenie osobowości
(psychiatry) A personality disorder characterized by an extreme discomfort in social situations and perceptual distortions.

schlager /ʃlɑːɡə/ schlagers n
szlagier
(music, countable) A piece made in this style.

schlemiel /ʃləˈmiːl/ schlemiels n
nieudacznik oferma
A person who is clumsy or who hurts others emotionally.

schlub /ʃlʌb/ schlubs n
niechluj
(chiefly, US, informal) A person who is clumsy, oafish, or socially awkward, or unattractive or unkempt.

schnapps /ʃnæps/ /ʃnɑps/ schnapps schnappses n
sznaps
(uncountable) A type of distilled alcoholic beverage (liquor), often with a herbal or fruit flavoring, typically drunk neat as an apéritif or digestif.

schnauzer /ˈʃnaʊzɚ/ schnauzers n
sznaucer sznaucerka
A dog of a particular breed originating in Germany.

schnitzel /ˈʃnɪt.s(ə)l/ schnitzels n
sznycel
(by extension) A Germanic dish of breaded and deep-fried meat cutlet.

schnozzle schnozzles n
kinol nochal
(slang) The human nose, especially one that is large.

scholar /ˈskɑlɚ/ /ˈskɒlə/ scholars n
stypendysta stypendystka
A student; one who studies at school or college, typically having a scholarship.
uczony uczona
A specialist in a particular branch of knowledge.
A learned person; a bookman.

scholar's mate scholar's mates n
mat szewski
(chess) The checkmate which occurs shortly after the opening, when the white queen checkmates by taking the black pawn on f7 (or the black queen taking the white pawn on f2), protected by a bishop on c4 (or c5).

scholarship /ˈskɑːləɹʃɪp/ /ˈskɒləʃɪp/ scholarships n
stypendium
A grant-in-aid to a student.
nauka
(uncountable) The sum of knowledge accrued by scholars; the realm of refined learning.

scholastically /skəˈlæstɪkli/ more scholastically most scholastically adv
szkolnie
in a scholastic manner.

school /skuːl/ /skuːɫ/ schools n
szkoła buda
(North America) An institution dedicated to teaching and learning; an educational institution.
ławica
(collective) A group of fish or a group of marine mammals such as porpoises, dolphins, or whales.
szkoła uczelnia
(British) An educational institution providing primary and secondary education, prior to tertiary education (college or university).
The canons, precepts, or body of opinion or practice, sanctioned by the authority of a particular class or age.
szkoła
Within a larger educational institution, an organizational unit, such as a department or institute, which is dedicated to a specific subject area.
(considered collectively) The followers of a particular doctrine; a particular way of thinking or particular doctrine; a school of thought.
An establishment offering specialized instruction, as for driving, cooking, typing, coding, etc.
szkoła nurt
An art movement, a community of artists.

school bus /ˈskuːl.bʌs/ school buses school busses n
autobus szkolny
A bus which carries children to school.

school of hard knocks schools of hard knocks n
szkoła życia
(idiomatic, chiefly, US) The source of an education consisting of real-world experiences, especially adverse experiences.

school year school years n
rok szkolny
(education) The academic year of a school.

school-age adj
w wieku szkolnym
Being of an age during which attendance at school is customary.

schoolbook schoolbooks n
podręcznik
A textbook, a book used, or prepared for use, in school.

schoolboy schoolboys n
uczeń
A boy attending school.

schoolchild /ˈsku.əlt͡ʃaɪld/ /ˈskuːlt͡ʃaɪld/ schoolchildren n
uczeń szkolniak
A young person attending school or of an age to attend school.

schoolgirl schoolgirls n
uczennica
A girl attending school.

schoolie schoolies n
absolwent absolwentka
(Australia) A senior school student, especially a school-leaver, engaged in unsupervised celebrations during schoolies week.

schooling /ˈskuːlɪŋ/ schoolings n
szkolenie
Training or instruction.
Institutional education; attendance of school.

schoolless adj
bezszkolny

schoolmarm /ˈskulˌmɑɹm/ schoolmarms n
belferka
(US, slang) A female teacher, especially one seen to be old-fashioned and extremely severe and strict.

schooner /skuːnə(ɹ)/ schooners n
szkuner
(watercraft) A sailing ship with two or more masts, all with fore-and-aft sails; if two masted, having a foremast and a mainmast.

schwa /ʃwɑ/ /ʃwə/ v
szwa
(phonetics, of a vowel sound, rare) To be reduced to schwa.

sciatic /saɪˈætɪk/ adj
kulszowy
Of, or relating to the ischium.

sciatica /saɪˈætɪkə/ sciaticas n
rwa kulszowa
(pathology, neurology) Neuralgia of the sciatic nerve, characterised by pain radiating down through the buttocks and the back of the thigh.

science /ˈsaɪ.əns/ sciences n
dyscyplina nauka
(countable) A particular discipline or branch of knowledge that is natural, measurable or consisting of systematic principles rather than intuition or technical skill. [from 14th c.]
znajomość nauka
(uncountable, archaic) Knowledge gained through study or practice; mastery of a particular discipline or area. [from 14th c.]
wiedza nauka
(now, only, _, theology) The fact of knowing something; knowledge or understanding of a truth. [from 14th c.]
nauka
(uncountable) The collective discipline of study or learning acquired through the scientific method; the sum of knowledge gained from such methods and discipline. [from 18th c.]

science fiction /ˈsaɪəns ˌfɪkʃən/ science fictions n
fantastyka naukowa
Fiction in which advanced technology or science is a key element.

scientific /ˌsaɪ.ənˈtɪfɪk/ more scientific most scientific adj
naukowy
Of, or having to do with science.

scientific method scientific methods n
metoda naukowa
(sciences) A method of discovering knowledge about the natural world based in making falsifiable predictions (hypotheses), testing them empirically, and developing theories that match known data from repeatable physical experimentation.

scientific name scientific names n
nazwa naukowa
A formal name according to an internationally accepted standard, especially the formal name of a taxon:

scientifically more scientifically most scientifically adv
naukowo
Using science or methods of science.

scientism scientisms n
scjentyzm
The belief that all truth is exclusively discovered through science.

scientist /ˈsaɪəntəst/ /ˈsaɪəntɪst/ scientists n
naukowiec uczony naukowczyni uczona
One whose activities make use of the scientific method to answer questions regarding the measurable universe. A scientist may be involved in original research, or make use of the results of the research of others.

scimitar /ˈsɪmɪtɑːɹ/ /ˈsɪmɪtə(ɹ)/ scimitars n
bułat
A sword of Persian origin that features a curved blade.

scintigraphy scintigraphies n
scyntygrafia
(medicine) A radiographic technique, using radioactive tracers, for the diagnosis of injuries to bones

scintillant /ˈsɪntɪlənt/ more scintillant most scintillant adj
błyszczący
That scintillates.

scintillantly more scintillantly most scintillantly adv
błyszcząco

scion /ˈsaɪ.ɑn/ /ˈsaɪ.ən/ /ˈsaɪən/ scions n
latorośl
A descendant, especially a first-generation descendant of a distinguished family.
następca tronu następczyni tronu
The heir to a throne.
latorośl winorośl
(botany) A detached shoot or twig containing buds from a woody plant, used in grafting; a shoot or twig in a general sense.

sciophyte /ˈsaɪəˌfaɪt/ /ˈsʌɪə(ʊ)fʌɪt/ sciophytes n
skiofit
(botany) Any plant that tolerates or thrives in a low light level (shade)

scissor kick scissor kicks n
nożyce strzał nożycami
(soccer) A bicycle kick.
(swimming) A leg movement in which the legs are separated and brought together with a snap.

scissoring scissorings n
nożycowanie
(sex) A sex act in which two women intertwine their legs and rub their vulvas against each other.

scissors /ˈsɪzəz/ /ˈsɪzɚz/ scissors n
nożyczki nożyce
(countable, usually, construed as plural) A tool used for cutting thin material, consisting of two crossing blades attached at a pivot point in such a way that the blades slide across each other when the handles are closed.
nożyce
(rock paper scissors) A hand with the index and middle fingers open (a handshape resembling scissors), that beats paper and loses to rock. It beats lizard and loses to Spock in rock-paper-scissors-lizard-Spock.

sclera /ˈsklɛəɹə/ /ˈsklɪəɹə/ sclerae scleras scleræ n
twardówka białkówka
(anatomy) The white of the eye; the tough outer coat of the eye that covers the eyeball except for the cornea.

sclerenchyma /skləɹˈɛŋkəmə/ /sklɪəɹˈɛŋkɪmə/ sclerenchymas sclerenchymata n
sklerenchyma twardzica
(botany) A mechanical ground tissue, impermeable to water, which consists of cells having narrow lumen and thick, mineralized walls of lignin; present in stems, vascular bundles (of monocots), seed coverings, and vein and tips of leaves.

sclero- prefix
sklero-

scleroderma sclerodermas n
twardzina
(medicine) A chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by hardening the skin or other organs through excessive deposits of collagen.

sclerosis /skləˈɹəʊsɪs/ scleroses n
skleroza stwardnienie
(pathology) The abnormal hardening of body tissues, such as an artery; the appearance of hardenings, indurations, lesions, nodules.

scold /skoʊld/ /skəʊld/ [skɒʊɫd] v
besztać łajać ganić karcić rugać strofować
(ambitransitive) To rebuke angrily.

scoliosis scolioses n
skolioza
(pathology) A condition in which there is abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.

sconce /skɑns/ /skɒns/ sconces n
kinkiet
A candlestick (holder for a candle, especially a circular tube, with a brim, into which a candle is inserted), either with a handle for carrying, or with a bracket for attaching to a wall.

scoop /skuːp/ scoops n
chochla czerpak
Any cup- or bowl-shaped tool, usually with a handle, used to lift and move loose or soft solid material.
kulka
The act of scooping, or taking with a scoop or ladle; a motion with a scoop, as in dipping or shovelling.

scooter /ˈskuːtə(ɹ)/ scooters n
hulajnoga
A kick scooter or push scooter; a human-powered land vehicle with a handlebar, deck and wheels that is propelled by a rider pushing off the ground.
skuter
A motorscooter; a small motorcycle or moped with a step-through frame.

scops owl scops owls n
syczek syczek zwyczajny
A small European migratory owl, Otus scops, that winters in sub-Saharran Africa.
syczek
Any owl of the Old World genus Otus.

scorch /skɔɹt͡ʃ/ /skɔːtʃ/ v
przypiekać
(transitive) To wither, parch or destroy something by heat or fire, especially to make land or buildings unusable to an enemy

scorched earth n
spalona ziemia

scorched-earth policy scorched-earth policies n
taktyka spalonej ziemi

score /sko(ː)ɹ/ /skoə/ /skɔɹ/ /skɔː/ scores n
wynik
The number of points accrued by each of the participants in a game, expressed as a ratio or a series of numbers.

score /sko(ː)ɹ/ /skoə/ /skɔɹ/ /skɔː/ v
nadciąć
(transitive) To cut a notch or a groove in a surface.
strzelić gola zdobyć punkt
(intransitive) To record the tally of points for a game, a match, or an examination.
punktować zapunktować zdobywać punkty zdobyć punkt/punkty
To earn points in a game.
zaliczyć
(vulgar, slang) To obtain a sexual favor.

scoreboard scoreboards n
tablica wyników
A large board that displays the score in a game or contest.

scorecard scorecards n
karta wyników
A printed card allowing spectators of a game to identify players and record progress.

scorn /skɔɹn/ /skɔːn/ scorns n
pogarda lekceważenie
(uncountable) Contempt or disdain.

scorn /skɔɹn/ /skɔːn/ v
lekceważyć gardzić drwić szydzić
(transitive) To feel or display contempt or disdain for something or somebody; to despise.
odrzucić wzgardzić
(transitive) To reject, turn down.

scornful /ˈskɔɹnfəl/ /ˈskɔːnfəl/ more scornful most scornful adj
pogardliwy
Showing scorn or disrespect; contemptuous.

scorpion /-pɪ.ən/ /ˈskɔɹ.pi.ən/ /ˈskɔː.pi.ən/ scorpions n
skorpion
Any of various arachnids of the order Scorpiones, related to the spiders, characterised by two large front pincers and a curved tail with a venomous sting in the end.

scot-free /ˌskɑtˈfɹi/ /ˌskɒtˈfɹi/ adv
rozchodzić się po kościach rozejść się po kościach
(colloquial) Without consequences or penalties, free without payment.

scoter /ˈskoʊ.tɚ/ /ˈskəʊ.tə/ scoters n
markaczka uhla
Any one of several species of northern sea ducks of the genus Melanitta.

scotobiology n
biologia ciemności
The study of the effects of darkness on living organisms, and on biological processes.

scoundrel /ˈskaʊ̯ndɹəl/ scoundrels n
łajdak łotr nikczemnik szuja złoczyńca drań
A mean, worthless fellow; a rascal; a villain; a person without honour or virtue.

scour /skaʊɹ/ /ˈskaʊə/ /ˈskaʊɚ/ v
szorować wyszorować
(transitive) To clean, polish, or wash (something) by rubbing and scrubbing it vigorously, frequently with an abrasive or cleaning agent.

scourge /skɜɹd͡ʒ/ /skɜːd͡ʒ/ [skɔɹd͡ʒ] scourges n
bicz boży
A source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble, such as a cruel ruler, disease, pestilence, or war.

scouring pad scouring pads n
zmywak
A pad, having a soft, sponge-like side and a more abrasive side, used to wash up.

scout /skaʊt/ [skʌʊt] scouts n
zwiadowczyni zwiadowca
A person sent out to gain and bring in tidings; especially, one employed in war to gain information about the enemy and ground.
harcerz skaut harcerka harcownik skautka zwiad
A member of any number of youth organizations belonging to the international scout movement, such as the Boy Scouts of America or Girl Scouts of the United States.

scouthouse /ˈskaʊthaʊs/ scouthouses n
harcówka
(Scouting, US) A building where members of the Scout Movement hold their meetings.

scouting /ˈskaʊtɪŋ/ scoutings n
skauting
The Scout Movement.

scramble /ˈskɹæmbl̩/ v
szyfrować zaszyfrować zaszyfrowywać
(transitive) To process telecommunication signals to make them unintelligible to an unauthorized listener.
wyrwać się wyrywać się
(transitive, military) To quickly deploy (vehicles, usually aircraft) to a destination in response to an alert, usually to intercept an attacking enemy.

scrambled egg scrambled eggs n
jajecznica
(usually, in the plural) A dish made by beating and cooking eggs, sometimes mixed with milk, and typically stirred while cooking.

scrap /skɹæp/ scraps n
kawałek urywek
A (small) piece; a fragment; a detached, incomplete portion.
bójka
A fight, tussle, skirmish.
resztki
(usually, in the plural) Leftover food.
złom
(uncountable) Discarded objects (especially metal) that may be dismantled to recover their constituent materials, junk.

scrap /skɹæp/ v
wyrzucać wyrzucić
(transitive) To discard; to get rid of.

scrap dealer scrap dealers n
handlarka złomem handlarz złomem

scrap paper n
makulatura
Used paper, to be reused for jotting notes etc.

scrape /skɹeɪp/ v
drapać skrobać
(ambitransitive) To draw (an object, especially a sharp or angular one), along (something) while exerting pressure.

scrape the bottom of the barrel v
na bezrybiu i rak ryba

scraper /ˈskɹeɪpə/ /ˈskɹeɪpɚ/ scrapers n
skrobaczka skrobak
An instrument with which anything is scraped.

scrapyard scrapyards n
szrot
A junkyard, a place where scrap is stored, discarded or resold.

scratch /skɹæt͡ʃ/ scratches n
rysa zadrapanie
A disruption, mark or shallow cut on a surface made by scratching.

scratch /skɹæt͡ʃ/ v
drapać skrobać
To rub a surface with a sharp object, especially by a living creature to remove itching with nails, claws, etc.

scratch card scratch cards n
zdrapka
(gambling) A lottery ticket containing sections covered with an opaque waxy film which may be removed by scratching to reveal symbols that show whether or not a prize has been won.

scrawl /skɹɑːl/ /skɹɔːl/ scrawls n
bazgranina bazgroły bohomaz gryzmoły
Irregular, possibly illegible handwriting.

scrawl /skɹɑːl/ /skɹɔːl/ v
bazgrać gryzmolić nabazgrać nagryzmolić
(transitive) To write something hastily or illegibly.
bazgrać gryzmolić nagryzmolić skrobać
(intransitive) To write in an irregular or illegible manner.

scrawny /ˈskɹɑni/ /ˈskɹɔni/ /ˈskɹɔːni/ scrawnier scrawniest adj
wychudzony
Thin, malnourished, and weak.

scream /skɹim/ /skɹiːm/ screams n
krzyk
A loud, emphatic, exclamation of extreme emotion, especially horror, fear, excitement, or anger; it may comprise a word or a sustained, high-pitched vowel sound.

scream /skɹim/ /skɹiːm/ v
krzyczeć wrzeszczeć
(intransitive, also, figuratively) To cry out with a shrill voice; to utter a sudden, shout outcry, or shrill, loud cry, as in fright or extreme pain; to screech, to shriek.

scream queen /ˈskɹim kwin/ /ˈskɹiːm kwiːn/ scream queens n
królowa krzyku scream queen
(informal) An actress who appears in several horror films.

scree /skɹi/ /skɹiː/ screes n
piarg
(uncountable) Loose stony debris on a slope. [from early 18th c.]

screech owl screech owls n
syczoń
Any New World owl of genus Megascops.

screed /skɹid/ /skɹiːd/ screeds n
chryja elaborat
A piece of writing (such as an article, letter, or list) or a speech, especially if long.
perora tyrada
(by extension) A speech or piece of writing which contains angry and extended criticism. [from late 18th c.]
astrych jastrych podkład podłogowy szlichta
A smooth, flat layer of concrete, plaster, or similar material, especially if acting as a base for paving stones, tiles, wooden planks, etc.

screen /skɹiːn/ [skɹ̥ʷɪi̯n] screens n
siatka
A material woven from fine wires intended to block animals or large particles from passing while allowing gasses, liquids and finer particles to pass.
przesiew
(genetics) A technique used to identify genes so as to study gene functions.
ekran
The informational viewing area of electronic devices, where output is displayed.
The viewing surface or area of a movie, or moving picture or slide presentation.

screen /skɹiːn/ [skɹ̥ʷɪi̯n] v
emitować
(film, television) To present publicly (on the screen).

screen printing n
sitodruk
A printing technique in which ink is forced through a woven mesh with an ink-blocking stencil on it.

screenplay /ˈskɹiːnˌpleɪ/ screenplays n
scenariusz
(authorship, cinematography) A script for a movie or a television show.

screensaver screensavers n
wygaszacz ekranu
(software) A computer program that displays aesthetic patterns or images when the computer is not being used, originally intended to prevent screenburn.

screenshot /ˈskriːn.ʃɑt/ /ˈskriːn.ʃɒt/ screenshots n
zrzut ekranu
(computing) An image of computer or smartphone screen output at a given moment in time.

screenwriter screenwriters n
scenarzysta scenarzystka
One who writes for the screen, who writes drama for film or television; especially a professional who knows the conventions appropriate to such work.

screw /skɹuː/ screws n
śruba
A simple machine, a helical inclined plane.
śruba wkręt
A steam vessel propelled by a screw instead of wheels.
(nautical) A ship's propeller.
(slang, derogatory) An extortioner; a sharp bargainer; a skinflint.

screw /skɹuː/ v
skręcać skręcić
(transitive) To connect or assemble pieces using a screw.

screw cap screw caps n
nakrętka zakrętka
The cap of a bottle or jar which screws onto the threaded lip of the container.

screw thread screw threads n
gwint
(engineering) A helical ridge formed around a cylinder, or a helical groove formed around the inner wall of a bore, used mostly on fasteners and their connection points.

screw up v
przyśrubować
(transitive) To tighten or secure with screws.
spieprzyć
(transitive, colloquial) To make a mess of; to ruin.
(intransitive, colloquial) To blunder; to make a mistake.

screw you screw yous n
daj się wypchać idź do diabła niech cię szlak trafi
An act of defiance and contempt.

screwdriver screwdrivers n
śrubokręt wkrętak
A hand tool or power tool which engages with the head of a screw and allows torque to be applied to turn the screw, thus driving it in or loosening it.

screwpress screwpresses n
balansówka

scribble /ˈskɹɪbəl/ scribbles n
bazgranina bazgroły pisanina
Careless, hasty writing, doodle or drawing

scribble /ˈskɹɪbəl/ v
bazgrać gryzmolić
(ambitransitive) To write or draw carelessly and in a hurry.

scribe /skɹaɪb/ scribes n
kopista pisarka pisarz skryba
Someone who writes; a draughtsperson; a writer for another; especially, an official or public writer; an amanuensis, secretary, notary, or copyist.

scrimshaw /-ˌʃɑ/ /ˈskɹɪmʃɔː/ /ˈskɹɪmˌʃɔ/ scrimshaws n
scrimshaw
(countable) A small ornamental handicraft created by carving or engraving bone (originally whalebone or whales' teeth), ivory, or other materials, formerly produced by sailors on whaling ships to pass the time on long voyages. [from mid 19th c.]
(uncountable) The manufacture of small ornamental handicrafts by carving or engraving bone, ivory, or other materials, formerly by sailors on whaling ships to pass the time on long voyages. [from mid 19th c.]

script /skɹɪpt/ scripts n
pismo
(countable, obsolete) A writing; a written document.
Written characters; style of writing.
(countable, legal) An original instrument or document.
scenariusz
(countable) The written document containing the dialogue and action for a drama; the text of a stage play, movie, or other performance. Especially, the final form used for the performance itself.
skrypt
(computing) A file containing a list of user commands, allowing them to be invoked once to execute in sequence.
pismo skrypt
(linguistics) A system of writing adapted to a particular language or set of languages.

scriptorium /skɹɪpˈtɔɹ.i.əm/ /skɹɪpˈtɔː.ɹɪəm/ scriptoria scriptoriums n
skryptorium
(countable) A room set aside for the copying, writing, or illuminating of manuscripts and records, especially such a room in a monastery.

scrivener /ˈskɹɪvnə(ɹ)/ /ˈskɹɪvənəɹ/ scriveners n
skryba
A professional writer; one whose occupation is to draw contracts or prepare writings.

scroll /skɹoʊl/ scrolls n
zwój zwitek
A roll of paper or parchment; a writing formed into a roll.
(architectural element) An ornament formed of undulations giving off spirals or sprays, usually suggestive of plant form. Roman architectural ornament is largely of some scroll pattern.
ślimak
(lutherie) The carved end of a violin, viola, cello or other stringed instrument, most commonly scroll-shaped but occasionally in the form of a human or animal head.

scroll /skɹoʊl/ v
przewijać przewinąć scrollować
(transitive, computing, GUI) To change one's view of data on a computer's display by moving in gradual increments, typically using a scroll bar or a scroll wheel..

scroll bar scroll bars n
pasek przesuwania
(computing, GUI) A graphical widget in the form of a horizontal or vertical bar, on the edges of a personal computer screen, that is used to move scrollable text or images.

scroll saw scroll saws n
wyrzynarka
A fine-toothed fretsaw with an oscillating blade that can be used to cut out curves and other complicated shapes, accurately.

scroll wheel scroll wheels n
rolka
(computing) A hard plastic or rubbery disc on a computer mouse, used for scrolling.

scrotum /ˈskɹoʊ.təm/ /ˈskɹəʊ.təm/ scrota scrotums n
moszna worek mosznowy
(anatomy) The sac of skin and muscle that contains the testicles in most mammals.

scrub /skɹʌb/ scrubs n
kitel
(medicine, in the plural) Clothing worn while performing surgery.

scrub /skɹʌb/ v
szorować wyszorować
(transitive) To rub hard; to wash with rubbing; usually, to rub with a wet brush, or with something coarse or rough, for the purpose of cleaning or brightening
odwołać
(transitive) To call off a scheduled event; to cancel.

scruff /skɹʌf/ scruffs n
brudas fleja flejtuch kocmołuch niechluj niedomytek
Someone with an untidy appearance.

scruffy /ˈskɹaf.i/ /ˈskɹʌf.i/ scruffier scruffiest adj
niechlujny
Untidy in appearance.

scrum /skɹʌm/ scrums n
tłum ścisk
A tightly-packed and disorderly crowd of people.
młyn
(rugby) In rugby union or rugby league, all the forwards joined together in an organised way.

scrum-half scrum-halves n
łącznik młyna
(rugby) player who introduces the ball into a scrum.

scrunchie /ˈskɹʌnt͡ʃi/ scrunchies n
frotka gumka
A small elasticated ring of fabric placed around long hair to hold it in place behind the head.

scruple /ˈskɹupəl/ /ˈskɹuːpəl/ scruples n
skrupuł
Hesitation to act from the difficulty of determining what is right or expedient; doubt, hesitation or unwillingness due to motives of conscience.

scrupulous /ˈskɹuː.pjə.ləs/ more scrupulous most scrupulous adj
drobiazgowy skrupulatny
Exactly and carefully conducted.
Precise; exact or strict.
Wrongly feeling guilt or anxiety about one’s morality; suffering from scrupulosity.
drobiazgowy skrupulatny mający skrupuły zasadniczy
Having scruples or compunctions.

scrupulously /ˈskɹuːpjʊləsli/ more scrupulously most scrupulously adv
skrupulatnie
In a careful manner, with scruple; done with careful attention to detail.

scuba /ˈskuːbə/ scubas n
akwalung
(underwater diving) An apparatus carried by a diver, which includes a tank holding compressed, filtered air and a regulator which delivers the air to the diver at ambient pressure which can be used underwater.

scuba diver scuba divers n
płetwonurek
a person who swims underwater using scuba-diving equipment

scuba diving /ˈskuːbə ˈdaɪ.vɪŋ/ n
nurkowanie z akwalungiem
(underwater diving) Underwater swimming using scuba equipment.

scuffle /ˈskʌfəl/ v
grzmocić się młócić się naparzać się napieprzać się prać się szamotać się
(intransitive) To fight or struggle confusedly at close quarters.

scuffling scufflings n
szuranie
a confused struggle

sculpt /skʌlpt/ v
rzeźbić wyrzeźbić
(intransitive) To work as a sculptor.

sculptor /ˈskʌlptɚ/ sculptors n
rzeźbiarz rzeźbiarka
A person who sculpts; an artist who produces sculpture.

sculptress sculptresses n
rzeźbiarka
(dated) A female sculptor.

sculpture /ˈskʌlptj(ʊ)ə/ /ˈskʌlpt͡ʃə/ /ˈskʌlpt͡ʃɚ/ sculptures n
rzeźba rzeźbiarstwo
(countable) A three dimensional work of art created by shaping malleable objects and letting them harden or by chipping away pieces from a rock (sculpting).
rzeźbiarstwo rzeźba
Works of art created by sculpting, as a group.

scum /skʌm/ scums n
szumowiny
(uncountable) A layer of impurities that accumulates at the surface of a liquid (especially molten metal or water).
podlec szumowina wyrodek
(derogatory, slang) A reprehensible person or persons.

scumbag scumbags n
drań szumowina zwyrol śmieć
(informal, mildly, vulgar) A sleazy, disreputable or despicable person; lowlife.

scurry /ˈskɜɹ.i/ /ˈskʌɹ.i/ v
mknąć
To run with quick light steps, to scamper.

scurvy /ˈskɜːvi/ /ˈskɝvi/ scurvies n
szkorbut
(disease) A disease caused by insufficient intake of vitamin C, leading to the formation of livid spots on the skin, spongy gums, loosening of the teeth and bleeding into the skin and from almost all mucous membranes.

scurvy-grass scurvy-grasses n
warzucha
Any of several European plants, of the genus Cochlearia, formerly believed useful in treating scurvy.

scutch /skʌt͡ʃ/ scutches n
klepaczka
(countable) A wooden implement shaped like a large knife used to separate the valuable fibres of flax or hemp by beating them and scraping from it the woody or coarse portions.

scuttlebutt /ˈskʌtəlbʌt/ /ˈskʌtəlˌbʌt/ [-ɾəl-] scuttlebutts n
plotka
(uncountable, originally, US, nautical, _, slang) Gossip, idle chatter; also, rumour.

scythe /ˈsaɪð/ /ˈsaɪθ/ scythes n
kosa
An instrument for mowing grass, grain, etc. by hand, composed of a long, curving blade with a sharp concave edge, fastened to a long handle called a snath. [before 10th century]
(historical) A scythe-shaped blade attached to ancient war chariots.
(cartomancy) The tenth Lenormand card.

scythe /ˈsaɪð/ /ˈsaɪθ/ v
kosić
(transitive) To cut off as with a scythe; to mow. [from 1590s]

scythed chariot scythed chariots n
rydwan z kosami

sea /seɪ/ /siː/ seas n
morze
The ocean; the continuous body of salt water covering a majority of the Earth's surface.

sea anemone sea anemones n
ukwiał
Any of many polyps, of the order Actiniaria, which occurs in marine and estuarine habitats, and which captures its food using tentacles.

sea bass /ˈsiːbæs/ sea bass sea basses n
labraks moron
Any of various species of saltwater fish in various families, or a specimen thereof, in several families in order Perciformes

sea breeze sea breezes n
bryza
A breeze that blows off the sea on to the nearby land.

sea buckthorn sea buckthorns n
rokitnik rozmarynowiec
Any deciduous shrub of the genus Hippophae.

sea cow sea cows n
krowa morska syrena
Any of several marine mammals of the order Sirenia, including the manatee and dugong.

sea cucumber sea cucumbers n
strzykwa
An echinoderm of the class Holothuroidea, with an elongated body and leathery skin.

sea eagle sea eagles n
bielik
A genus of eagles (genus Haliaeetus).

sea holly sea hollies n
mikołajek nadmorski mikołajek
The plant Eryngium maritimum.

sea horse sea horses n
konik morski pławikonik
Any of various small marine fish of the genus Hippocampus that have a horselike head and swim upright.

sea lettuce sea lettuces n
błonica sałatowa sałata morska ulwa
Any of several edible seaweeds of the genus Ulva.

sea level sea levels n
poziom morza
The nominal height of the surface of the oceans above which heights of geographical features and aircraft flight levels are measured.

sea lion /ˈsiː ˈlaɪən/ /ˈsiːˌlaɪən/ sea lions n
lew morski
A marine mammal of any of several genera in the family Otariidae (the eared seals).

sea otter sea otters n
kałan morski wydra morska wydrozwierz
A marine mammal native to the northern Pacific Ocean, Enhydra lutris.

sea stack /ˈsi ˌstæk/ /ˈsiː ˌstæk/ sea stacks n
filar
(chiefly, Britain, geology) A pillar of rock that rises from the ocean, formed by surrounding softer ground eroding away.

sea turtle sea turtles n
żółw morski
Any turtle that inhabits oceans.

sea urchin /ˈsi ˌɝtʃɪ̈n/ sea urchins n
jeżowiec
Any of many marine echinoderms, of the class Echinoidea, commonly found in shallow water, having a complex chewing structure named Aristotle's lantern.

seabed seabeds n
dno oceaniczne
The floor or bottom of the sea or ocean.

seaborgium /siːˈbɔːɹɡiəm/ n
seaborg
A transuranic chemical element (symbol Sg) with atomic number 106

seadog seadogs n
wilk morski
A sailor accustomed to the sea.

seafarer seafarers n
żeglarka żeglarz
One who travels by sea.

seafood /ˈsiːfuːd/ seafoods n
owoce morza frutti di mare
Fish, shellfish, seaweed, and other edible aquatic life.

seagrass seagrasses n
trawa morska
Any of various grass-like marine plants that grow underwater in salt water.

seal /siːl/ seals n
foka
A pinniped (Pinnipedia), particularly an earless seal (true seal) or eared seal.
pieczęć
A stamp used to impress a design on a soft substance such as wax.
A design or insignia usually associated with an organization or an official role.
banderola
Anything that secures or authenticates.
banderola plomba
Something which will be visibly damaged if a covering or container is opened, and which may or may not bear an official design.
uszczelka
Something designed to prevent liquids or gases from leaking through a joint.
uszczelnienie
A tight closure, secure against leakage.

seal /siːl/ v
banderolować przypieczętować
(transitive) To place a seal on (a document).
banderolować
To mark with a stamp, as an evidence of standard exactness, legal size, or merchantable quality.
banderolować zaplombować
(transitive) To fasten (something) so that it cannot be opened without visible damage.

sealant /ˈsiːlənt/ sealants n
szczeliwo
Any material used to seal a surface so as to prevent passage of a fluid.

sealing wax /ˈsiːlɪŋ ˌwæks/ sealing waxes n
lak
Wax formerly melted onto a letter to seal it; the picture of the sender's seal was often pressed into the wax as evidence that the letter had not been opened.

seam /siːm/ seams n
szew
(sewing) A folded-back and stitched piece of fabric; especially, the stitching that joins two or more pieces of fabric.
A suture.
pokład
(geology) A thin stratum, especially of an economically viable material such as coal or mineral.

seaman /ˈsiːmən/ seamen n
marynarz
(British, Navy) A person of the lowest rank in the Navy, below able seaman.

seamanship /ˈsiː.mənˌʃɪp/ seamanships n
praktyka morska żeglarstwo
(nautical) Skill in, and knowledge of, the work of navigating, maintaining, and operating a vessel at sea.

seamark seamarks n
baka stawa
A beacon, buoy, etc. placed in the sea to aid navigation.

seamless adj
bezszwowy
(not comparable) Having no seams.
ciągły nieprzerwany
Without interruption; coherent

seamlessly more seamlessly most seamlessly adv
gładko
In a seamless manner.

seamster seamsters seamstress n
szwacz
A person who sews clothes professionally

seamstress /ˈsiːm(p).stɹɪs/ /ˈsɛm(p).stɹɪs/ seamstresses n
szwaczka
A woman who sews clothes professionally.

seance /ˈseɪˌɑns/ seances n
seans

seaplane seaplanes n
hydroplan wodnosamolot
(aircraft, nautical) Any aircraft capable of taking off from, and alighting on the surface of water.

search /sɑː(ɹ)t͡ʃ/ /sɜːt͡ʃ/ /sɝt͡ʃ/ searches n
poszukiwanie przeszukiwanie
An attempt to find something.

search /sɑː(ɹ)t͡ʃ/ /sɜːt͡ʃ/ /sɝt͡ʃ/ v
szukać przeszukiwać przeszukać
(transitive) To look in (a place) for something.

search and rescue search and rescues searches and rescues n
poszukiwawczo-ratowniczy
An effort to save persons whose locations are not precisely known from hazardous situations.

search engine search engines n
wyszukiwarka szukajka
(computing) An application that searches for, and retrieves, data based on some criteria, especially one that searches the Internet for documents containing specified words.

search engine optimization n
optymalizacja dla wyszukiwarek internetowych
(internet) The use of various techniques to improve a web site's ranking in search engines in the hopes of attracting more visitors.

search warrant search warrants n
nakaz rewizji
(legal) A court order in the form of a warrant, authorizing the search of a home and/or other privacy-protected place(s), notably to seek unlawful possessions, evidence etc. as part of a judicial inquiry

searocket searockets n
ruwkiel
Any of various flowering plants in the genus Cakile

seascape seascapes n
marina
A piece of art that depicts the sea or shoreline.

seashell seashells n
muszla muszelka
The empty shell of a marine mollusk.

seasickness /ˈsiːsɪk.nəs/ seasicknesses n
choroba morska
Nausea, dizziness etc caused by the motion of a ship; a form of motion sickness.

seaside adj
nadmorski
Related to a seaside.

seaside seasides n
wybrzeże
The area by and around the sea; including the beach, promenade or cliffs

season /ˈsiː.zən/ seasons n
sezon pora roku
A part of a year when something particular happens.
(North America, Australia, broadcasting) A group of episodes of a television or radio program broadcast in regular intervals with a long break between each group, usually with one year between the beginning of each.

season /ˈsiː.zən/ v
przyprawić przyprawiać
(transitive) To flavour food with spices, herbs or salt.

seasonal worker seasonal workers n
pracownik sezonowy robotnik sezonowy sezonowiec

seasonally more seasonally most seasonally adv
sezonowo
Occurring every season.
Occurring only in season.

seasoning seasonings n
przyprawa
(cooking) Something used to add taste or flavour to food, such as salt and pepper or other condiment, herb or spice.

seat /siːt/ seats n
miejsce miejsce siedzące siedzenie siedzisko
A place in which to sit.
siedzenia siedzenie
The horizontal portion of a chair or other furniture designed for sitting.
(law, E&W) One of a series of departmental placements given to a trainee solicitor as part of their training contract.

seat /siːt/ v
posadzić sadzać
(transitive) To cause to occupy a post, site, or situation; to station; to establish; to fix; to settle.

seat at the table n
miejsce przy stole

seat belt seat belts n
pas bezpieczeństwa
A restraining belt attached to a vehicle seat and fastened around occupants in order to keep them in place and decelerate them smoothly rather than suddenly in an accident, mitigating the risk of injury from uncontrolled impact with injurious objects.

seat post seat posts n
zacisk sztycy

seat reservation ticket seat reservation tickets n
miejscówka
(This entry is a translation hub.) A ticket with guaranteed firm seating in a bus or train

seaweed seaweeds n
wodorost glon
Any of numerous marine plants and algae, such as a kelp.

seawolf seawolves n
zębacz
A strong-jawed North Atlantic fish of wolffish family Anarhichadidae, Anarhichas lupus.

seaworthiness n
zdatność do żeglugi
(nautical) The property of a watercraft that makes it fit to go to sea.

sebaceous /səˈbeɪ.ʃəs/ adj
łojowy
of or relating to fat, sebum

sebaceous gland sebaceous glands n
gruczoł łojowy
(anatomy) A gland of the skin which secretes an oily substance, sebum, usually into a hair follicle near the surface of the skin.

sebum /ˈsibm̩/ seba sebums n
łój
(physiology) A thick oily substance, secreted by the sebaceous glands of the skin, that consists of fat, keratin and cellular debris.

secant /ˈsiːkənt/ secants n
sekans sieczna
(trigonometry) In a right triangle, the reciprocal of the cosine of an angle. Symbol: sec

secede /sɪˈsiːd/ v
odłączyć się
(intransitive) To split from or to withdraw from membership of a political union, an alliance or an organisation.
(transitive, uncommon) To split or to withdraw one or more constituent entities from membership of a political union, an alliance or an organisation.

secession /səˈsɛʃən/ secessions n
secesja
The act of seceding.

secluded /səˈkluːdɪd/ more secluded most secluded adj
izolowany oddzielony odosobniony ustronny
Hidden, isolated, remote.

second /ˈsɛk.(ə)nd/ /ˈsɛk.(ə)nt/ /ˈsɛkənd/ /ˈsɛkɪnd/ adj
drugi druga
Number-two; following after the first one with nothing between them. The ordinal number corresponding to the cardinal number two.

second /səˈkɑnd/ /səˈkɒnd/ /ˈsɛk.(ə)nd/ /ˈsɛk.(ə)nt/ seconds n
sekundant
One who supports another in a contest or combat, such as a dueller's assistant.

second /ˈsɛk.(ə)nd/ /ˈsɛk.(ə)nt/ seconds n
sekunda chwila moment
A unit of time historically and commonly defined as a sixtieth of a minute which the International System of Units more precisely defines as the duration of 9,192,631,770 periods of radiation corresponding to the transition between two hyperfine levels of caesium-133 in a ground state at a temperature of absolute zero and at rest.
(informal) A short, indeterminate amount of time.
sekunda
A unit of angle equal to one-sixtieth of a minute of arc or one part in 3600 of a degree.

second /ˈsɛk.(ə)nd/ /ˈsɛk.(ə)nt/ /ˈsɛkənd/ /ˈsɛkɪnd/ seconds n
sekunda
(music) The interval between two adjacent notes in a diatonic scale (either or both of them may be raised or lowered from the basic scale via any type of accidental).

second chance second chances n
druga szansa
An opportunity to redeem oneself after a previous error or failure.

second coming second comings n
paruzja
(Christianity) The prophesied return of Jesus Christ.

second cousin second cousins n
kuzyn w drugiej linii kuzynka w drugiej linii
A grandchild of a grandparent's sibling.
A relative who has with the other person only two great-grandparents in common, but where the parents and grandparents are different.

second derivative second derivatives n
druga pochodna

second fiddle second fiddles n
drugie skrzypce
(music) A fiddle part in harmony to the first fiddle.
(music) The person playing second fiddle.

second hand /ˈsɛkənd ˌhænd/ second hands n
sekundnik wskazówka sekundowa
On a clock or watch, the hand or pointer that shows the number of seconds that have passed.

second helping second helpings n
dokładka dolewka
A second portion of the same thing, usually of food; seconds; refill.

second lieutenant second lieutenants n
podporucznik
The lowest rank of a commissioned officer in the United States Army, United States Air Force, or United States Marine Corps, below a first lieutenant. The rank of second lieutenant is equivalent to the naval rank of ensign.

second nature n
druga natura
(idiomatic) A mindset, skill, or type of behavior so ingrained through habit or practice that it seems natural, automatic, or without a basis in conscious thought.

second of arc seconds of arc n
sekunda sekunda kątowa
An angle, one sixtieth (1/60th) of a minute of arc or one 3600th of a degree.

second person second persons n
druga osoba
(grammar) The form of a verb used when the subject of a sentence is the audience. In English, the second person is used with the pronouns thou and you. In many languages the singular, applying to one person, and plural, applying to several people, are distinct.

second wind second winds n
drugi oddech
A renewed feeling of energy after a period of inactivity.

second-degree murder second-degree murders n
morderstwo drugiego stopnia
(legal, chiefly, US, Canada) The criminal offence of murder in a form defined as less serious than first-degree murder; the precise distinction may vary by jurisdiction but typically involves second-degree murder being intentional but not premeditated.

second-guess /ˈsɛk.(ə)ndˌɡɛs/ /ˈsɛk.(ə)ntˌɡɛs/ /ˈsɛk.ən(t)ˌɡɛs/ /ˈsɛk.əndˌɡɛs/ /ˈsɛk.ɪndˌɡɛs/ v
krytykować podważać podważyć skrytykować
(idiomatic) to vet or evaluate; to criticize or correct, often by hindsight, by presuming to have a better idea, method, etc.

second-level domain second-level domains n
domena drugiego poziomu
(computing, Internet) A domain that is immediately subordinate to a top-level domain (whose name appears after it, with a period separating the two).

second-rate adj
drugorzędny pośledni
(idiomatic) Of mediocre quality; not first-rate.

secondary education n
wykształcenie średnie
Education that follows primary education and leads to either employment or college / university education.

secondary legislation secondary legislations n
delegacja ustawowa
(law) legislation enacted by a power derived from another legislation, such as one made by the executive branch within the boundaries fixed by an act of parliament.

secondary school secondary schools n
szkoła średnia

secondary source secondary sources n
źródło wtórne
(historiography) A study of past events or a past author written from the perspective of a later period of time; a document that draws on one or more historical primary sources and interprets or analyses them, including documents such as newspapers whose accuracy is open to question.

secondary victimization secondary victimizations n
wtórna wiktymizacja
The act of blaming the victim of a crime rather than the perpetrator.

secondhand /ˈsɛk(ə)nd hand/ adj
używany z drugiej ręki
(of goods) Not new; previously owned and used by another.

secondly /ˈsɛk.(ə)ndli/ /ˈsɛk.(ə)ntli/ /ˈsɛkəndli/ adv
po drugie
In the second place.

seconds /ˈsɛk.əndz/ /ˈsɛk.ənts/ /ˈsɛkəndz/ n
dokładka dolewka
A second helping of food for one person, or refill of coffee or other drink.

secret /ˈsiːkɹət/ /ˈsiːkɹɛt/ /ˈsiːkɹɪt/ more secret most secret adj
tajny sekretny tajemny
Being or kept hidden. [from late 14th c.]

secret /ˈsiːkɹət/ /ˈsiːkɹɛt/ /ˈsiːkɹɪt/ secrets n
tajemnica sekret
(countable) A piece of knowledge that is hidden and intended to be kept hidden. [from late 14th c.]

secret admirer secret admirers n
tajny wielbiciel
One who admires another romantically but purposely remains anonymous to the extent that the subject of the admiration is unaware of the admirer's identity.

secret agent secret agents n
agentka agent
A member of an intelligence agency whose identity or affiliation is kept confidential.

secret of Polichinelle secrets of Polichinelle n
tajemnica poliszynela
A supposed secret known to everyone.

secret service secret services n
służby specjalne
A governmental agency that deals with espionage and other acts of secrecy.

secret society secret societies n
tajne stowarzyszenie
A club, fraternal organization, or other association which admits only selected individuals as members, whose meetings and practices are often ritualistic and not public, and which often has the purpose of furthering the social or economic opportunities of its members.

secretariat /ˌsɛkɹəˈtɛəɹɪət/ /ˌsɛkɹəˈtɛɹi.ət/ secretariats n
sekretariat
The office or department of a government secretary.

secretary /ˈsɛk.(ɹ)əˌtɛɹ.i/ /ˈsɛk.ɹə.tə.ɹi/ /ˈsɛk.ɹə.tɹi/ [ˈsɛk.(ɹ)əˌtʰɛɹ.i] secretaries n
sekretarz sekretarka
A person who keeps records, takes notes and handles general clerical work.

secrete /sɪˈkɹiːt/ v
wydzielać wydzielić
(physiology, transitive, of organs, glands, etc.) To extract a substance from blood, sap, or similar to produce and emit waste for excretion or for the fulfilling of a physiological function.

secretion /sɪˈkriːʃ(ə)n/ secretions n
wydzielina
(countable) any substance that is secreted by an organism

secretive /ˈsiːkɹətɪv/ /ˈsiːkɹɪtɪv/ more secretive most secretive adj
tajemniczy skryty
Having an inclination to secrecy

secretly /ˈsiː.kɹət.li/ /ˈsiː.kɹɪt.li/ adv
potajemnie
In secret, covertly.

sect /sɛkt/ sects n
sekta
An offshoot of a larger religion or denomination.

sectarianism /sɛkˈtɛɹ.i.ən.ɪz.əm/ sectarianisms n
sekciarstwo
Rigid adherence to a particular sect, denomination, ideology, or party.

section /ˈsɛkʃən/ sections n
sekcja
A part, piece, subdivision of anything.
(surgery) An incision or the act of making an incision.
działon sekcja
(military) A group of 10-15 soldiers led by a non-commissioned officer and forming part of a platoon.

sector /ˈsɛk.təɹ/ sectors n
sektor sekcja
(science fiction) a fictional region of space designated for navigational or governance purposes.
sektor
(computer hardware) A fixed-sized unit (traditionally 512 bytes) of sequential data stored on a track of a digital medium.

secular /ˈsɛkjələɹ/ /ˈsɛkjʊlə/ more secular most secular adj
świecki laicki
Not specifically religious; lay or civil, as opposed to clerical.

secularism /ˈsɛkjʊləˌɹɪzəm/ secularisms n
sekularyzm
Neutrality towards all religions.

secularization secularizations n
sekularyzacja laicyzacja
The transformation of a society from close identification with religious values and institutions toward non-religious (or "irreligious") values and secular institutions.

secularly more secularly most secularly adv
laicko świecko
In a secular fashion.

secure /səˈkjɔɹ/ /səˈkjɔː(ɹ)/ /səˈkjɝ/ /səˈkjʊə(ɹ)/ /səˈkjʊɹ/ more secure most secure securer securest adj
bezpieczny
Free from attack or danger; protected.
Free from the danger of theft; safe.
Firm and not likely to fail; stable.
Free from the risk of financial loss; reliable.

securely /səˈkjɔːli/ /səˈkjɝli/ /səˈkjʊəli/ /səˈkjʊɹli/ more securely most securely adv
bezpiecznie
(manner) In a secure manner; without fear or apprehension; without danger

securitization /sɪˈkjʊəɹɪtʌɪzeɪʃən/ securitizations n
sekurytyzacja
(commerce, finance) The fact or process of securitizing assets; the conversion of loans into securities, usually in order to sell them on to other investors.

security /səˈkjɔɹ.ɪˌti/ /səˈkjʊɹ.ɪˌti/ /sɪˈkjɔːɹəti/ /sɪˈkjʊəɹəti/ [səˈkjɔɹ.ɪˌɾi] [səˈkjʊɹ.ɪˌɾi] securities n
bezpieczeństwo
(uncountable) The condition of not being threatened, especially physically, psychologically, emotionally, or financially.
ochrona
An organization or department responsible for providing security by enforcing laws, rules, and regulations as well as maintaining order.
papier wartościowy
(finance, often, in plural) A tradeable financial asset, such as a share of stock.W

security guard security guards n
ochrona ochroniarz
A person who is employed to provide security for people or property.

sedentary /ˈsɛd.ən.tə.ɹi/ /ˈsɛd.ən.tɛɹ.i/ /ˈsɛd.ən.tɹi/ more sedentary most sedentary adj
osiadły
Not moving; relatively still; staying in the vicinity.
osiadły siedzący
(medicine, of a job, lifestyle, etc.) Not moving much; sitting around.

sedeprivationism n
sedeprywacjonizm
The school of thought, in Roman Catholicism, that the popes of the new religion of Vatican II council have been defective or deprived of the infallible teaching authority of the office because of their Modernist intent and remain in pope elect status until rencanting the innovations.

sedevacantism /ˌsɛdɪˈveɪkəntɪzəm/ n
sedewakantyzm
The belief, held by a minority of traditionalist Catholics, that the present occupant of the Holy See is not the true pope and that the see has been vacant since the 1960s.

sedge /sɛd͡ʒ/ sedges n
turzyca
Any plant of the genus Carex, the true sedge, perennial, endogenous herbs, often growing in dense tufts in marshy places. They have triangular jointless stems, a spiked inflorescence, and long grasslike leaves which are usually rough on the margins and midrib. There are several hundred species.

sedge warbler sedge warblers n
rokitniczka
A small European warbler, Acrocephalus schoenobaenus, family Acrocephalidae, that winters in sub-Saharan Africa

sediment /ˈsɛd.ɪ.mənt/ sediments n
osad
A collection of small particles, particularly dirt, that precipitates from a river or other body of water.

sedimentary basin sedimentary basins n
basen sedymentacyjny

sedimentary rock sedimentary rocks n
skały osadowe
(geology) One of the major groups of rock that makes up the crust of the Earth; formed by the deposition of either the weathered remains of other rocks, the results of biological activity, or precipitation from solution.

sedimentology sedimentologies n
sedymentologia
(geology) The study of natural sediments and of the processes by which they are formed

sedition /sɛˈdɪ.ʃən/ seditions n
bunt rokosz
Insurrection or rebellion.

seduce /sɪˈd(j)uːs/ /sɪˈdjuːs/ v
uwodzić uwieść
(transitive) To beguile or lure (someone) away from duty, accepted principles, or proper conduct; to lead astray. [1520s]
(transitive) To entice or induce (someone) to engage in a sexual relationship. [1550s]
(transitive) To win over or attract.

seducer seducers n
uwodziciel
Someone who seduces, especially a man who seduces a woman.

seduction /sɪˈdʌk.ʃn̩/ seductions n
uwodzenie
The act of seducing.

seductive /sɪˈdʌktɪv/ more seductive most seductive adj
uwodzicielski
Attractive, alluring, tempting.

seductress seductor seductresses n
uwodzicielka
A woman who seduces.

see /ˈsi/ /ˈsiː/ sees n
diecezja biskupstwo
a diocese, archdiocese; a region of a church, generally headed by a bishop, especially an archbishop.
biskupstwo
The office of a bishop or archbishop; bishopric or archbishopric

see /ˈsi/ /ˈsiː/ v
widzieć dostrzegać
(transitive) To perceive or detect someone or something with the eyes, or as if by sight.
rozumieć zrozumieć
(figuratively) To understand.

see Naples and die proverb
zobaczyć Neapol i umrzeć
One can die at peace after having seen Naples, Italy, nothing else on Earth surpassing its beauty.

see for oneself v
widzieć na własne oczy zobaczyć na własne oczy
(idiomatic, intransitive) To confirm a doubted claim by directly examining it.

see off v
odprowadzać odprowadzić
To accompany someone to a point of departure; to ensure someone departs safely.

see past the end of one's nose v
(nie) widzieć dalej niż czubek własnego nosa
(idiomatic, chiefly in the negative) To have insight into underlying facts or consequences; to possess common sense or a vision for the future.

see the glass half-empty v
myśleć pesymistycznie

see the glass half-full v
myśleć optymistycznie

see the light v
wypłynąć wypływać
ujrzeć światłość
(idiomatic, religious) To undergo a spiritual conversion.
zdać sobie sprawę zrozumieć
(idiomatic) To gain an understanding of something previously not understood, especially in a sudden insight.

see through v
patrzeć przez
(transitive) To perceive visually through something transparent.
przejrzeć
(transitive, idiomatic) To not be deceived by something that is false or misleading; to understand the hidden truth about someone or something.
(transitive, idiomatic) To recognize someone's true motives or character.

see you /ˈsiː juː/ /ˈsiː jə/ phraseologicalUnit
do zobaczenia bywaj cześć na razie nara pa
(informal) see you later

see you later phraseologicalUnit
do zobaczenia na razie cześć nara pa pa pa
(idiomatic) A phrase used at parting, and not necessarily implying that the person being addressed will be seen later by the speaker.

see you soon interjection
do zobaczenia na razie
Goodbye; something said at a farewell, not necessarily literally meaning that the speaker will see the hearer(s) again.

see you tomorrow phraseologicalUnit
do jutra
Used as a farewell, stating that the speaker and interlocutor(s) will see each other the next day.

seed /siːd/ seeds n
nasienie nasiono nasionko
(countable) Any small seed-like fruit.
nasienie nasiono
(uncountable) Semen.

seed /siːd/ v
siać
(transitive) To plant or sow an area with seeds.

seed oil seed oils n
olej z nasion
A form of edible oil extracted from seeds.

seedbed seedbeds n
rozsadnik szkółka
Ground prepared for the planting of seeds.

seeding plough seeding ploughs n
pług siejący

seedless adj
beznasienny bezpestkowy
Not having (noticeable) seeds.

seedling /ˈsiːdlɪŋ/ seedlings n
sadzonka rozsada
(botany) A young plant grown from seed.

seedy /ˈsiːdi/ seedier seediest adj
ziarnisty
Full of seeds.
obskurny zapuszczony
(figurative) Disreputable, run-down.
zaniedbany zapuszczony
Untidy; unkempt.
niedysponowany
Infirm; unwell; gone to seed.

seeing /ˈsiːɪŋ/ conjunction
z uwagi na to że
(slang) Inasmuch as; in view of the fact that.

seek /siːk/ v
szukać poszukiwać
(transitive) To try to reach or come to; to go to; to resort to.

seek and ye shall find proverb
kto szuka, ten znajdzie szukajcie, a znajdziecie
Something can be found if it is looked for.

seek one's fortune v
szukać szczęścia

seem /siːm/ v
wydawać się zdawać się wydać się zdać się
(copulative) To appear; to look outwardly; to be perceived as.

seer /sɪə(ɹ)/ /ˈsiːə(ɹ)/ seers n
jasnowidz jasnowidzka
One who foretells the future; a clairvoyant, prophet, soothsayer or diviner.

seesaw /ˈsi.sɔ/ /ˈsiː.sɑː/ /ˈsiː.sɔː/ seesaws n
huśtawka huśtawka wagowa
A structure composed of a plank, balanced in the middle, used as a game in which one person goes up as the other goes down.

segment /sɛɡˈmɛnt/ /ˈsɛɡ.mənt/ /ˈsɛɡmɛnt/ segments n
człon segment
(mathematics) A portion.

sei whale sei whales n
sejwal
A whale of the rorqual family (Balaenoptera borealis).

seigniorage /ˈseɪ.njə.ɹɪd͡ʒ/ seigniorages n
senioraż
(finance) The revenue obtained by the difference between interest earned on securities acquired in exchange for bank notes and the costs of producing and distributing those notes.

seine /seɪn/ seines n
niewód
A long net having floats attached at the top and sinkers (weights) at the bottom, used in shallow water for catching fish.

seismic /ˈsaɪzmɪk/ more seismic most seismic adj
sejsmiczny
Related to, or caused by an earthquake or other vibration of the Earth.
porażający
(figuratively) Of very large or widespread effect.

seismogram seismograms n
sejsmogram
(geology) The graphical output from an accelerograph or seismograph.

seismograph /ˈsaɪz.mə.ɡɹæf/ seismographs n
sejsmograf
An instrument that automatically detects and records the intensity, direction and duration of earthquakes and similar events.

seismologist seismologists n
sejsmolog
A person who is skilled at, professes, or practices seismology.

seismology /saɪs.ˈmɑl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /saɪs.ˈmɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /saɪzˈmɑl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /saɪzˈmɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ n
sejsmologia
The study of the vibration of the Earth's interior caused by natural and unnatural sources, such as earthquakes.

seitan /ˈseɪtæn/ /ˈseɪtɑːn/ /ˈseɪtən/ seitans n
seitan
Specially processed wheat gluten, used as a protein-rich food.

seize /siːz/ v
chwycić chwytać złapać łapać
(transitive) To deliberately take hold of; to grab or capture.

seize the day v
chwytaj dzień
(idiomatic) To enjoy the present and not worry about the future; to live for the moment.

seizure /ˈsi.ʒɚ/ /ˈsizjʊɚ/ /ˈsiː.ʒə(ɹ)/ [ˈsɪi.ʒə(ɹ)] seizures n
napad
A sudden attack or convulsion, (e.g. an epileptic seizure).

seldom /ˈsɛldəm/ more seldom most seldom seldomer seldomest adv
rzadko
Infrequently, rarely.

select /sɪˈlɛkt/ v
wybierać selekcjonować wybrać
To choose one or more elements of a set, especially a set of options.

selection /səˈlɛkʃən/ selections n
selekcja
The process or act of selecting.

selection bias selection biases n
błąd selekcji

selective /səˈlɛktɪv/ more selective most selective adj
selektywny wybiórczy
Of or relating to the process of selection.
wybiórczy
(of a person) choosy, fussy or discriminating when selecting.

selenium /səˈliːni.əm/ /sɪˈliːni.əm/ seleniums n
selen
A nonmetallic chemical element (symbol Se) with an atomic number of 34, used mainly in glassmaking and pigments and as a semiconductor.

seleno- prefix
seleno-

selenocentric adj
selenocentryczny
(astronomy) Having the moon at the center.

selenocentric orbit selenocentric orbits n
orbita okołoksiężycowa

selenology /sɛliːˈnɒləd͡ʒɪ/ selenologies n
selenologia
(chiefly) The scientific study of the Moon’s movements in the heavens and the kinetic influences it has upon and it receives from other astronomical bodies.

self- /sɛlf/ prefix
samo-
of, by, in or with oneself or itself

self-absorbed more self-absorbed most self-absorbed adj
pochłonięty sobą
Overly concerned about oneself, to the point of ignoring the feelings of others.

self-abuse /sɛlfəˈbjuːs/ self-abuses n
autoagresja
(obsolete) Self-deception.
Physical or verbal maltreatment of oneself.

self-actualization self-actualizations n
samorealizacja
Psychological development that can be achieved when all basic and mental needs are fulfilled. [1950 to date]

self-analysis n
autoanaliza samoanaliza

self-assertive more self-assertive most self-assertive adj
apodyktyczny
determined to advance one's own personality or views

self-assured more self-assured most self-assured adj
pewny siebie
confident in one's own abilities

self-aware more self-aware most self-aware adj
samoświadomy
Aware of oneself as an individual that exists in the real world.

self-awareness n
samoświadomość
The state or property of being self-aware; state of being aware of oneself as an individual.

self-censorship self-censorships n
autocenzura
The act of censoring one's own work or what one says without overt pressure from any specific party or institution of authority, often for fear of sanctions.

self-cleaning adj
samoczyszczący
Cleaning itself or requiring minimal cleaning effort.

self-conceit self-conceits n
zarozumiałość
Conceit of oneself; an overweening opinion of one's own powers or endowments; vanity.

self-confidence self-confidences n
kontenans kuraż rezon
The state or degree of being self-confident: believing in one's own abilities.

self-confident more self-confident most self-confident adj
pewny siebie
Confident in one's own abilities.

self-conscious more self-conscious most self-conscious adj
samoświadomy
Aware of oneself as an individual being.
zakompleksiony
Excessively conscious of one's appearance or behaviour.

self-consciousness n
samoświadomość
The awareness of the self as an entity.
zakłopotanie nieśmiałość
Shyness; a feeling of unease in social situations.

self-contradiction self-contradictions n
samozaprzecznie

self-contradictory adj
wewnętrznie sprzeczny
Containing multiple claims or ideas that are inherently in disagreement; of something or someone that contradicts itself.

self-control /ˌsɛlf kənˈtɹoʊl/ /ˌsɛlf kənˈtɹəʊl/ self-controls n
autokontrola samokontrola
The ability to control one's desires and impulses; willpower.

self-critical /sɛlfˈkɹɪtɪkəl/ more self-critical most self-critical adj
samokrytyczny
Capable of criticizing oneself; able to find mistakes and possibilities for improvement in one's own work.

self-criticism n
autokrytyka samokrytyka
Criticism of oneself.

self-defense self-defenses n
samoobrona
The means of defending oneself from physical attack.
(legal) The right to protect oneself against violence by using reasonable force, which can be used as justification in several charges including murder, assault, and battery.

self-deprecating /ˌsɛlfˈdɛpɹəˌkeɪtɪŋ/ more self-deprecating most self-deprecating adj
autoironiczny
Expressing disapproval of oneself.

self-deprecatingly more self-deprecatingly most self-deprecatingly adv
autoironicznie

self-deprecation n
autoironia
The disparagement of one's own self.

self-described adj
samozwańczy

self-destruction self-destructions n
autodestrukcja samozagłada samozniszczenie
The voluntary destruction of something by itself.

self-destructive more self-destructive most self-destructive adj
autodestrukcyjny
Causing injury to oneself or harm to one's interests.

self-destructively more self-destructively most self-destructively adv
autodestrukcyjnie

self-determination /ˌsɛlfdɪˌtɜː(ɹ)mɪˈneɪʃən/ n
samostanowienie
(ethics, law) The ability or human right to make one's own decisions without interference from others
(politics) The political independence of a people

self-discipline n
samodyscyplina
Control of oneself, willpower.

self-dual adj
[[samo-]]podwójny
(linear algebra) Of a vector space, isomorphic to its dual space.
(mathematics) Of a graph or polyhedron, being the dual of itself.

self-edit v
autopoprawka
(authorship) To edit one's own writing while it is being written.

self-educated v
autodydaktyczny
having learned without the direction of a teacher

self-employed adj
samozatrudniony
Working for oneself, rather than for an employer.

self-employment n
samozatrudnienie
Working for oneself, as being an independent contractor.

self-esteem /ˌsɛlf.əˈstiːm/ self-esteems n
poczucie własnej wartości
Confidence in one's own worth; self-respect.

self-evident adj
zrozumiały sam przez się
Obviously true, and requiring no proof, argument or explanation.

self-explanatory more self-explanatory most self-explanatory adj
oczywisty zrozumiały samo przez się
Obvious, having a nature that makes it clear or that explains itself.

self-fulfilling prophecy self-fulfilling prophecies n
samospełniająca się przepowiednia
A prediction that, by being voiced, causes itself to come true.

self-government n
samorząd
The governance of a region by its own populace; autonomy.

self-harm n
samookaleczanie samookaleczenie
(mental health) The deliberate non-suicidal injuring of one's own body.

self-help n
samopomoc
The practice of bettering oneself without relying on the assistance of others.

self-identification self-identifications n
autoidentyfikacja

self-image self-images n
obraz samego siebie
A person's own view of themselves and their own character and worth.

self-immolation self-immolations n
samospalenie
The act of setting oneself on fire, especially as a form of protest.

self-important more self-important most self-important adj
ważny
Having, or behaving as if having, too high of an opinion of one's own importance.

self-improvement self-improvements n
rozwój osobisty
The following of a disciplined programme to improve one's physical health, mental health or character.

self-indulgent more self-indulgent most self-indulgent adj
dogadzający sobie
Exhibiting tendencies of self-indulgence.

self-infection n
autoinfekcja

self-interest n
własna korzyść własny interes
One's personal interest or advantage, especially when pursued without regard for others.

self-interested more self-interested most self-interested adj
egoistyczny
Having self-interest; particularly concerned for oneself.

self-isolation self-isolations n
samoizolacja

self-knowledge /ˈsɛlfˌnɑl.ɪdʒ/ /ˈsɛlfˌnɒl.ɪdʒ/ n
samowiedza
Knowledge or insight into one's own nature and abilities.

self-made adj
zawdzięczający wszystko samemu sobie
(of a person) Having achieved success by one's own efforts, with little to no support from family members and others.

self-medication n
samoleczenie
Medication of oneself without professional advice in order to treat a real or imagined condition.

self-mockery self-mockeries n
autoironia

self-mockingly more self-mockingly most self-mockingly adv
autoironicznie

self-plagiarism self-plagiarisms n
autoplagiat
Reuse of words, ideas, or artistic expression from material one had previously published or submitted, especially without acknowledgment of their earlier publication or submission.

self-portrait self-portraits n
autoportret
The bust of an artist by the artist him/herself; a portrait of the painter who painted it.

self-possession n
opanowanie spokój
calmness and composure, especially when under stress

self-praise is no recommendation proverb
nie powinno się niesłusznie chwalić
Empty boasting reflects poorly on the qualities of the braggart.

self-preservation /ˌsɛlfˌpɹɛzɜˈɹ.veɪ.ʃən/ n
instynkt samozachowawczy
The instinctive behaviour that protects oneself from harm.

self-proclaimed adj
samozwańczy

self-promotion self-promotions n
autopromocja
The purposeful act of presenting oneself to others in a favorable way, often viewed by others negatively as forceful, exaggerated, or self-indulgent.

self-propelled adj
samobieżny
Having its own means of propulsion that moves with it.

self-publish v
wydawać się wydać się
(authorship) To publish a work independently, without the assistance of a publishing company.

self-reflection self-reflections v
autorefleksja
The act of self-reflecting
The result of self-reflecting (e.g. a thought, statement)

self-regulation n
autoregulacja samoregulacja
The regulation (by a person or an organization) of their own behaviour without external control or monitoring.

self-reliance n
niezależność samodzielność
The capacity to rely on one's own capabilities, and to manage one's own affairs; independence.

self-reliant more self-reliant most self-reliant adj
niezależny
Reliant upon oneself; trusting to one's own powers or judgment.

self-respect n
poczucie własnej wartości szacunek dla samego siebie
The knowledge of one's own worth, valuing one's self; pride.

self-respecting more self-respecting most self-respecting adj
ambitny
Having self-respect; having pride or knowledge of one's own worth.

self-sacrifice self-sacrifices n
samopoświęcenie
The giving up of one's own benefit for the good of others.

self-satisfied more self-satisfied most self-satisfied adj
zadowolony z siebie
Satisfied with oneself, especially over-satisfied; smug; slightly arrogant.

self-seeker self-seekers n
samolub samolubka
A self-seeking person.

self-seeking more self-seeking most self-seeking adj
egoistyczny samolubny
Mindful of, or promoting, only one's own interests.

self-serve adj
samoobsługowy

self-service n
samoobsługa
(often, attributive) The practice of serving oneself, usually when purchasing items.

self-serving more self-serving most self-serving adj
wyrachowany
Showing interest only in oneself (pursuing self-interest to the exclusion of other goals).

self-storage n
magazyn samoobsługowy
Storage of one's goods in a rented commercial facility.

self-sufficiency n
samowystarczalność
The condition of being self-sufficient.

self-sufficient more self-sufficient most self-sufficient adj
samowystarczalny
Able to provide for oneself independently of others; not needing external support. [from 16th c.]

self-sufficiently more self-sufficiently most self-sufficiently adv
samowystarczalnie
In a self-sufficient manner.

self-victimization self-victimizations n
autowiktymizacja samowiktymizacja

self-willed more self-willed most self-willed adj
samowolny
Obstinate; strong-minded; unyielding to the desires, concern or opinions of others.

selfheal selfheals n
głowienka
A small, herbaceous European plant with blue-violet flowers from any species of genus Prunella.

selfie /ˈsɛlfi/ selfies n
selfie
(informal, mobile phones) A photographic self-portrait, especially one taken manually (not using a timer, tripod etc.) with a small camera or mobile phone.

selfish /ˈsɛlf.ɪʃ/ [ˈsɛɫ̥fɪʃ] more selfish most selfish selfisher selfishest adj
samolubny egoistyczny
Holding one's own self-interest as the standard for decision making.
samolubny
Having regard for oneself above others’ well-being.

selfishly more selfishly most selfishly adv
egoistycznie samolubnie
In a selfish manner; with regard to private interest only or chiefly.

selfishness /ˈsɛl.fɪʃ.nəs/ selfishnesses n
egoizm samolubstwo samolubność
the quality of being selfish; the condition of putting one's own interests before those of others.

selfless more selfless most selfless adj
bezinteresowny ofiarny
Having, exhibiting or motivated by no concern for oneself but for others; unselfish.

selflessness selflessnesses n
bezinteresowność
The quality or state of being selfless.

sell /sɛl/ v
sprzedawać sprzedać
(transitive, ditransitive, intransitive) To transfer goods or provide services in exchange for money.

sell like hot cakes v
sprzedawać się jak świeże bułeczki sprzedać się jak świeże bułeczki
(intransitive, idiomatic) To be sold in large numbers quickly.

sell one's birthright for a mess of pottage v
sprzedawać za tanio sprzedać za tanio

sell one's body v
sprzedawać się sprzedać się

sell one's own grandmother v
sprzedać własną matkę

sell one's soul v
sprzedać własną matkę
(idiomatic) To abandon one's spiritual values or moral principles for wealth or other benefits.

sell order sell orders n
zlecenie sprzedaży

seller /ˈsɛlə/ /ˈsɛlɚ/ sellers n
sprzedawca sprzedawczyni
Someone who sells; a vendor; a clerk.

seller's market seller's markets sellers' markets n
rynek sprzedawcy
(economics, finance, idiomatic) An excess of demand over supply, leading to abnormally high prices; a market condition favoring the seller.

selling price selling prices n
cena detaliczna cena sprzedaży
(business) The price at which an item is actually sold.

sellout sellouts n
sprzedawczyk
A person who compromises his or her principles for financial gain.

selvage /ˈsɛlvɪd͡ʒ/ selvages n
rąbek
(weaving) The edge of a woven fabric, where the weft (side-to-side) threads run around the warp (top to bottom) threads, creating a finished edge.

semanteme semantemes n
semantem

semantic /səˈmæntək/ /sɪˈmæntɪk/ adj
semantyczny
Of or relating to semantics or the meanings of words. [from late 19th c.]

semantic field semantic fields n
pole semantyczne
(linguistics, translation studies) A group of words which all relate to the same subject or concept, or to overlapping aspects thereof.

semantic loan semantic loans n
kalka znaczeniowa

semantic shift semantic shifts n
dryf semantyczny
(linguistics) A change in the meaning of a word over time.

semantically more semantically most semantically adv
semantycznie
In the manner of or referring to semantics.

semantics /sɪˈmæntɪks/ semantics n
semantyka
The study of the relationship between words and their meanings.
The individual meanings of words, as opposed to the overall meaning of a passage.

semen /ˈsiːmən/ semens n
sperma nasienie
A sticky, milky fluid produced in male reproductive organs that contains the reproductive cells.

semester /sɪˈmɛstə/ /sɪˈmɛstɚ/ semesters n
semestr półrocze
Half of a school year (US) or academic year such as autumn or spring semester.

semi- /sɛmaɪ/ /sɛmi/ prefix
pół-
half

semi-automatic adj
półautomatyczny
Partially automatic.
Of a firearm that automatically ejects a shell and loads the next one, but requires the trigger to be squeezed for each shot; autoloading.

semi-detached adj
bliźniaczy
Of a house: joined to another one on one side, having one shared wall.

semi-detached semi-detacheds n
bliźniak
Such a house.

semi-heavy water n
półciężka woda
(chemistry) DHO, a heavier form of water, containing a protium and a deuterium type of hydrogen atoms.

semi-precious adj
półszlachetny
Sort of or somewhat precious or valuable. Usually used as part of the phrase semi-precious stones or semi-precious gems.

semi-trailer semi-trailers n
naczepa
A trailer without front axle and with wheels only at the trailing end, designed to be pulled via a pivoting arrangement which also partially supports its weight.

semi-trailer truck semi-trailer trucks n
ciągnik siodłowy
A tractor-trailer or big rig, consisting of a semi-trailer and a semitruck pulling it.

semiaquatic adj
półwodny ziemno-wodny

semiautomatically adv
półautomatycznie
In a semiautomatic manner

semibreve semibreves n
cała nuta
(music) A musical note four beats long in 4/4 time; a whole note (US)

semicircle semicircles n
półkole półokrąg
Half of a circle.

semicircular adj
półkolisty
In the shape of half of a circle or a semicircle.

semicolon /-ˈkəʊlɒn/ /ˈsɛmikoʊlən/ /ˌsɛmiˈkəʊlən/ semicola semicolons n
średnik
The punctuation mark ;.

semicolonial adj
[[semi-]]kolonialny

semicolonialism semicolonialisms n
[[semi-]]kolonializm

semiconducting adj
półprzewodnikowy
That has the characteristics of a semiconductor

semiconductor semiconductors n
półprzewodnik
(physics) A substance with electrical properties intermediate between a good conductor and a good insulator.

semiconscious adj
półprzytomny
Neither fully conscious nor unconscious, partially aware but confused or distracted.

semidesert semideserts n
półpustynia
A semiarid region, approaching desert.

semifinal semifinals n
półfinał
A competition that narrows a field of contestants (semifinalists) to a set of finalists, for a subsequent final.

semifinalist semifinalists n
półfinalista półfinalistka
A person who competes in the semifinals, the winner of which goes on to compete in the finals.

semimembranosus semimembranosi n
mięsień półbłoniasty
(anatomy, muscle) A muscle in the back of the thigh; the most medial of the three hamstring muscles (meaning it is more to the inner of the thighs, not between the two others in one leg, which is the semitendinosus).

seminar /ˈsɛmɪnɑɹ/ /ˈsɛmɪnɑː/ seminars n
seminarium konwersatorium
A class held for advanced studies in which students meet regularly to discuss original research, under the guidance of a professor.

seminarist seminarists n
alumn kleryk seminarzysta seminarzystka
(Roman Catholicism) A student training to be a priest at a Roman Catholic seminary.

seminary /ˈsɛmənɛɹi/ /ˈsɛmɪnəɹi/ /ˈsɛmɪnɹi/ seminaries n
seminarium
A theological school for the training of rabbis, priests, or ministers.

seminoma seminomas seminomata n
nasieniak
(medicine) A form of testicular cancer

semiology semiologies n
semiologia
Semiotics, the study of signs.

semiotician semioticians n
semiotyk
One who studies semiotics or semantics

semiotics /ˌsiː.maɪˈɑt.ɪks/ /ˌsiː.miˈɑt.ɪks/ /ˌsɛm.iˈɑt.ɪks/ /ˌsɛm.iˈɒt.ɪks/ n
semiotyka semiologia
The study of signs and symbols, especially as means of language or communication.

semipalmated sandpiper semipalmated sandpipers n
biegus tundrowy
A type of sandpiper, (Calidris pusilla)

semiprime semiprimes n
liczba półpierwsza
(number theory) A natural number that is the product of two (not necessarily distinct) prime numbers.

semiquaver semiquavers n
szesnastka
(music) A sixteenth note, drawn as a crotchet with two tails.

semitendinosus semitendinosi n
mięsień półścięgnisty
(anatomy) A fusiform muscle (one of the hamstrings) in the back of the thigh.

semitone /ˈsɛmitoʊn/ semitones n
półton
(music) A musical interval equal to an augmented unison or a minor second, depending on the context and tuning system used

semitransparent more semitransparent most semitransparent adj
półprzezroczysty półprzeźroczysty
Allowing some visibility but partially clouded or obscured; translucent.

semivowel semivowels n
spółgłoska półotwarta
(phonetics) A sound in speech which has some qualities of a consonant and some qualities of a vowel.

semolina /ˌsɛməˈliːnə/ semolinas n
semolina grysik
Coarse grains produced at an intermediate stage of wheat flour milling.

senate /ˈsenət/ /ˈsɛnət/ /ˈsɛnɪt/ senates n
senat
In some bicameral legislative systems, the upper house or chamber.

senator /ˈsɛn.ə.tə/ /ˈsɛn.ə.tɚ/ senators n
senator senatorka
A member, normally elected, in the house or chamber of a legislature called a senate, as, for instance, the legislatures of the United States and Canada.

senatorial more senatorial most senatorial adj
senacki senatorski
(US) Entitled to elect a senator, or by senators.

send /sɛnd/ v
wysyłać wysłać słać
(transitive, ditransitive) To make something (such as an object or message) go from one place to another (or to someone).

sender /ˈsɛndɚ/ senders n
nadawca adresant adresantka nadawczyni
Someone who sends.

senescence /səˈnɛsəns/ /sɪˈnɛsəns/ senescences n
starzenie się
(biology) The state or process of ageing, especially in humans; old age.

senescent more senescent most senescent adj
starzejący się
Growing old; decaying with the lapse of time.
starczy
Characteristic of old age.

senile /ˈsinaɪl/ /ˈsiːnaɪl/ more senile most senile adj
starczy
Of, or relating to old age.
zniedołężniały starczy
(often, offensive) Exhibiting the deterioration in mind and body often accompanying old age; doddering.

senility /səˈnɪlɪti/ senilities n
starczość
(mostly, uncountable) The losing of memory and reason due to senescence.

senior /ˈsinjɚ/ /ˈsiːnjə(r)/ more senior most senior adj
starszy
Older; superior

senior /ˈsinjɚ/ /ˈsiːnjə(r)/ seniors n
starszy
Someone older than someone else (with possessive). [from 15th c.]

senior citizen senior citizens n
senior seniorka
An old person, variously considered to be a person over fifty, fifty-five, sixty, or sixty-five years of age.

sensation /sɛnˈseɪʃən/ sensations n
uczucie czucie
A physical feeling or perception from something that comes into contact with the body; something sensed.
sensacja
A widespread reaction of interest or excitement.

sensational more sensational most sensational adj
sensacyjny
Provoking a reaction of interest or excitement.
Exceptionally great.

sensationalist more sensationalist most sensationalist adj
sensualistyczny
Sensationalistic; tending to sensationalize; characterized by sensationalism (the use of exaggerated or lurid material in order to gain public attention).

sense /sɛn(t)s/ /sɪn(t)s/ senses n
zmysł
Any of the manners by which living beings perceive the physical world: for humans sight, smell, hearing, touch, taste.
Sound practical or moral judgment.
A natural appreciation or ability.
poczucie zmysł
Perception through the intellect; apprehension; awareness.
sens
The meaning, reason, or value of something.
(pragmatics) The way that a referent is presented.
kierunek zmysł
(semantics) A single conventional use of a word; one of the entries for a word in a dictionary.
kierunek
(mathematics) One of two opposite directions in which a vector (especially of motion) may point. See also polarity.
kierunek obrotu zmysł
(mathematics) One of two opposite directions of rotation, clockwise versus anti-clockwise.

sense /sɛn(t)s/ /sɪn(t)s/ v
przeczuwać
To instinctively be aware.

sense of humour senses of humour n
poczucie humoru
The quality of an individual to find certain things funny.

sensible /ˈsɛns.ə.bəl/ /ˈsɛns.ɪ.bəl/ [ˈsɛn̥səbɫ̩] [ˈsɛn̥sɪbl̩] more sensible most sensible sensiblest adj
rozsądny sensowny
Acting with or showing good sense; able to make good judgements based on reason, or reflecting such ability.

sensibly /ˈsɛnsəbli/ more sensibly most sensibly adv
rozsądnie
In a sensible manner; in a way that shows good sense.

sensitive /ˈsɛnsɪtɪv/ /ˈsɪnsɪtɪv/ more sensitive most sensitive adj
czuły
Having the faculty of sensation; pertaining to the senses.
wrażliwy czuły
Responsive to stimuli.
drażliwy wrażliwy
(of a person) Easily offended, upset, or hurt.

sensitivity /ˈsɛnsɪvəti/ /ˌsɛnsəˈtɪvəti/ /ˌsɛnsɪˈtɪvɪti/ sensitivities n
wrażliwość czułość
The quality or state of being sensitive; sensitiveness.
czułość
(photography) The degree of response of a film etc. to light of a specified wavelength.

sensor /ˈsɛn.sə/ /ˈsɛn.sɚ/ sensors n
sensor czujnik
A device or organ that detects certain external stimuli and responds in a distinctive manner.

sensualism sensualisms n
sensualizm
(epistemology) The doctrine that all knowledge not only originates in sensation, but are transformed sensations, copies or relics of sensations; sensationalism.

sentence /ˈsɛntəns/ [ˈsɛntn̩(t)s] [ˈsɛnʔn̩(t)s] sentences n
wyrok orzeczenie
(dated) The decision or judgement of a jury or court; a verdict. [from 14th c.]
wyrok
The judicial order for a punishment to be imposed on a person convicted of a crime. [from 14th c.]
A punishment imposed on a person convicted of a crime.
zdanie
(grammar) A grammatically complete series of words consisting of a subject and predicate, even if one or the other is implied, and, in modern writing, when using e.g. the Latin, Greek or Cyrillic alphabets, typically beginning with a capital letter and ending with a full stop or other punctuation. [from 15th c.]

sentence /ˈsɛntəns/ [ˈsɛntn̩(t)s] [ˈsɛnʔn̩(t)s] v
skazać skazywać
To declare a sentence on a convicted person; to condemn to punishment.

sentience /ˈsɛn.ti.əns/ /ˈsɛn.ʃi.əns/ /ˈsɛn.ʃəns/ sentiences n
świadomość
The state or quality of being sentient; possession of consciousness or sensory awareness.

sentient /ˈsɛn.ti.ənt/ /ˈsɛn.ʃ(i.)ənt/ more sentient most sentient adj
przytomny
Able to consciously perceive through the use of sense faculties.

sentiment /ˈsɛn.tɪ.mənt/ sentiments n
sentyment
(uncountable) Feelings, especially tender feelings, as apart from reason or judgment, or of a weak or foolish kind.

sentimental /ˌsɛniˈmɛnl̩/ /ˌsɛntiˈmɛntl̩/ more sentimental most sentimental adj
sentymentalny
Characterized by sentiment, sentimentality or excess emotion.

sentimental value sentimental values n
wartość sentymentalna
The personal value of an object, derived from the personal memories associated with it.

sentimentality sentimentalities n
sentyment sentymentalność uczuciowość
An act or state of being sentimental.

sentimentally more sentimentally most sentimentally adv
sentymentalnie
In a sentimental manner.

sentry /ˈsɛntɹi/ sentries n
strażnik
A guard, particularly on duty at the entrance to a military base.

sepal /ˈsiːp(ə)l/ /ˈsɛp(ə)l/ sepals n
działka kielicha
(botany) One of the component parts of the calyx, particularly when the sepals in a plant's calyx are not fused into a single structure.

separable more separable most separable adj
rozłączny
(differential equations) Able to be brought to a form where all occurrences of the dependent and the independent variable are on opposite sides of the equal sign.

separable verb separable verbs n
czasownik rozdzielnie złożony
(linguistics) A verb that is composed of a stem and a separable affix, which can be detached from the stem in several verb forms.

separate /ˈsep.əˌɹæɪt/ /ˈsep.ɹət/ /ˈsɛp.ə.ɹət/ /ˈsɛp.əˌɹeɪt/ /ˈsɛp.ɚˌeɪt/ /ˈsɛp.ɹət/ adj
oddzielny osobny
Apart from (the rest); not connected to or attached to (anything else).

separate /ˈsep.əˌɹæɪt/ /ˈsep.ɹət/ /ˈsɛp.ə.ɹət/ /ˈsɛp.əˌɹeɪt/ /ˈsɛp.ɚˌeɪt/ /ˈsɛp.ɹət/ v
oddzielać separować oddzielić
(transitive) To disunite from a group or mass; to disconnect.
rozdzielać separować rozdzielić
(transitive) To cause (things or people) to be separate.

separate peace separate peaces n
osobny pokój

separate the wheat from the chaff v
oddzielić ziarno od plew oddzielać ziarno od plew
(idiomatic, intransitive) To select only that which is of value.

separated /ˈsɛpəɹeɪtɪd/ more separated most separated adj
oddzielony osobny
Detached; not connected or joined; two or more things stand apart.
w separacji
(of spouses) Estranged; living apart but not divorced.

separately /ˈsɛpəɹətli/ /ˈsɛpɹətli/ adv
oddzielnie osobno
In a separate manner; not together; apart.

separation /ˌsep.əˈɹæɪ.ʃən/ /ˌsɛp.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ separations n
separacja oddzielenie
The act of disuniting two or more things, or the condition of being separated.
separacja
(legal) An agreement legalizing such an arrangement.

separatism separatisms n
separatyzm
A theory or doctrine which supports a state of separation between organizations, institutions, or other societal groups (e.g. between church and state) or between different political jurisdictions (e.g. a country and its former colony).

separatist /ˈsɛpəɹətɪst/ adj
separatystyczny
Advocating or seeking the separation of one country or territory into two politically independent countries or territories.

separatist /ˈsɛpəɹətɪst/ separatists n
separatysta separatystka
Someone who advocates separation from the established Church; a member of any of various sects or schismatics.

seppuku /səˈpu-/ /sɛˈpu-/ /sɛˈpuː.kuː/ /ˈsɛ.pu(ˌ)ku/ /ˈsɛ.pə-/ seppuku seppukus n
seppuku
A form of ritual suicide by disembowelment using a blade, practiced by Japanese samurai, especially to rid oneself of shame, as a means of protest, or, formerly, as a method of capital punishment.

septendecillion /ˌsɛptəndəˈsɪl.i.ən/ septendecillions numeral
milion oktylionów
(rare, US, modern British & Australian, short scale) 1054.
(rare, dated British & Australian, long scale) 10102.

septennium /sɛpˈtɛniəm/ /sɛpˈtɛnɪəm/ septennia septenniums n
siedmiolecie
A period of seven years. [1660]

septic /ˈsɛp.tɪk/ more septic most septic adj
septyczny
Causing sepsis or putrefaction.

septic shock n
wstrząs septyczny

septic tank septic tanks n
szambo
A small-scale watertight treatment system for domestic sewage in which the flow is slowed to allow sedimentation and sludge digestion by bacteria to take place.

septillion septillions numeral
kwadrylion
(US, modern British & Australian, short scale) A trillion trillion: 1 followed by 24 zeros, 1024.

septum /ˈsɛp.təm/ septa septums n
przegroda
(biology) A wall separating two cavities; a partition.

sepulchral /səˈpʊlkɹəl/ /səˈpʌlkɹəl/ more sepulchral most sepulchral adj
cmentarny grobowy nagrobkowy sepulkralny
Suggestive of a grave or of death; gloomy; solemn.
grobowy
Having a hollow and deep sound.

sepulchre /ˈsiːpəlkəɹ/ /ˈsɛpəlkə/ /ˈsɛpəlkɚ/ sepulchres n
grobowiec
A burial chamber.

sequel /ˈsiːkwəl/ sequels n
sequel
(narratology) A narrative that is written after another narrative set in the same universe, especially a narrative that is chronologically set after its predecessors, or (perhaps improper usage) any narrative that has a preceding narrative of its own.

sequela /-ˈkwi-/ /-ˈkwɛ-/ /sɪˈkwiːliː/ /sɪˈkwiːlə/ /sɪˈkwɛliː/ /sɪˈkwɛlə/ sequelae n
następstwo
(pathology) Chiefly in the plural: a condition or disease which follows chronologically after an earlier one, being either partly or wholly caused by it, or made possible by it.

sequence /ˈsiːkwəns/ sequences n
kolejność sekwencja bieg
A set of things next to each other in a set order; a series
sekwencja
A series of musical phrases where a theme or melody is repeated, with some change each time, such as in pitch or length (example: opening of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony).
A musical composition used in some Catholic Masses between the readings. The most famous sequence is the Dies Irae (Day of Wrath) formerly used in funeral services.
A series of shots that depict a single action or style in a film, television show etc.
ciąg
(mathematics) An ordered list of objects, typically indexed with natural numbers.

sequencer sequencers n
sekwencer
A device or system that orders and/or modifies digitally stored music and sound for playback.

sequentiality n
sekwencyjność

sequester /səˈkwɛs.tə/ /səˈkwɛs.tɚ/ /sɪˈkwɛs.tə/ /sɪˈkwɛs.tɚ/ sequesters n
areszt sekwestr sekwestracja
sequestration; separation

sequestration sequestrations n
areszt sekwestr sekwestracja
The process or act of sequestering; a putting aside or separating.

sequestrum sequestra sequestrums n
martwak
A fragment of bone or other dead tissue that has separated during necrosis.

sequin /ˈsiː.kwɪn/ sequins n
cekin
(fashion) A sparkling spangle used for the decoration of ornate clothing.

sequoia /səˈkwɔɪ.ə/ /sɪˈkwɔɪ.ə/ sequoias n
sekwoja
Sequoiadendron giganteum, a coniferous evergreen tree formerly in the genus Sequoia, now placed in Sequoiadendron.
Sequoia sempervirens, a coniferous evergreen tree, the only living species of the genus Sequoia.

serac /sɛˈɹæk/ /ˈsɛɹæk/ seracs n
serak
(geography, glaciology) A sharp tower of ice formed by intersecting crevasses of a glacier. [from mid 19th c.]

seraglio /səˈɹæljoʊ/ /səˈɹæɡliːoʊ/ seraglios n
seraj
A palace of a sultan.

seraph /ˈsɛɹəf/ seraphim seraphims seraphs n
serafin
(post-biblical) A six-winged angel; one of the highest choir or order of angels in Christian angelology, ranked above cherubim, and below God. They are the 5th-highest order of angels in Jewish angelology.

seraphic /səˈɹæf.ɪk/ more seraphic most seraphic adj
seraficki seraficzny
Of or relating to a seraph or the seraphim.

serenade /ˌsɛɹəˈneɪd/ serenades n
serenada
A love song that is sung directly to one's love interest, especially one performed below the window of a loved one in the evening.
(music) An instrumental composition in several movements.

serendipity /ˌsɛɹ.ənˈdɪp.ɪ.ti/ /ˌsɛɹ.ɛnˈdɪp.ɪ.ti/ serendipities n
szczęśliwy zbieg okoliczności
An unsought, unintended, and/or unexpected, but fortunate, discovery and/or learning experience that happens by accident.

serene /səˈɹin/ /səˈɹiːn/ more serene most serene serener serenest adj
spokojny niewzruszony opanowany
Calm, peaceful, unruffled.
pogodny
(archaic) Fair and unclouded (as of the sky); clear; unobscured.
najjaśniejszy
Used as part of certain titles, originally to indicate sovereignty or independence.

serenity /səˈɹɛnɪti/ serenities n
spokój
The state of being serene; calmness; peacefulness.

serf /sɜːf/ /sɝf/ serfs n
kmieć chłop pańszczyźniany
A partially free peasant of a low hereditary class, attached like a slave to the land owned by a feudal lord and required to perform labour, enjoying minimal legal or customary rights.

serfdom serfdoms n
pańszczyzna
The state of being a serf.
The feudal system that includes serfs.

sergeant /ˈsɑɹ.d͡ʒənt/ /ˈsɑː.d͡ʒənt/ sergeants n
sierżant
The highest rank of noncommissioned officer in some non-naval military forces and police.

serial /ˈsɪə.ɹɪ.əl/ /ˈsɪɚ.i.əl/ adj
seryjny
Having to do with or arranged in a series.

serial killer serial killers n
seryjny morderca
A person who commits multiple (more than two) murders, especially similar ones with no obvious motive over a period of time with a "cooling-off" period between each murder.

serial number serial numbers n
numer seryjny
A unique identifier, consisting of numbers, letters and/or other typographical symbols, assigned to a particular unit of some product to identify it.

sericulture /ˈsɛɹəˌkəlt͡ʃ ɚ/ /ˈsɛɹɪˌkʌltʃə/ /ˈsɛɹɪˌkʌlt͡ʃ ɚ/ /ˈsɪəɹɪ-/ sericultures n
jedwabnictwo
(agriculture) The rearing of silkworms for the production of silk. [from early 19th c.]

series /ˈsiɹiz/ /ˈsɪə.ɹiːz/ /ˈsɪəɹɪ.ɪz/ /ˈsɪɹiz/ series serieses n
seria cykl szereg
A number of things that follow on one after the other or are connected one after the other.
serial szereg
(broadcasting) A television or radio program which consists of several episodes that are broadcast in regular intervals
szereg seria
(mathematics) The sequence of partial sums \sum_{i=1}^n{a_i} of a given sequence ai.

serif /səˈɹiːf/ /ˈsɛɹɪf/ serifs n
szeryf
(typography) A short line added to the end of a stroke in traditional typefaces, such as Times New Roman.

serin /ˈsɛɹɪn/ serins n
kulczyk
Any of various small finches in the genus Serinus, with largely yellow plumage.

serine serines n
seryna
(amino acid) A nonessential amino acid, CH2OH.CH(NH2)COOH, found in most animal proteins, notably silk.

serious /ˈsɪə.ɹɪ.əs/ /ˈsɪɚ.i.əs/ /ˈsɪɹ.i.əs/ /ˈsɪː.ɹɪ.əs/ more serious most serious adj
poważny
Without humor or expression of happiness; grave in manner or disposition
Important; weighty; not insignificant

seriously /ˈsiɹi.əsli/ /ˈsɪəɹi.əsli/ /ˈsɪɹi.əsli/ more seriously most seriously adv
poważnie autentyk na poważnie na serio serio
(manner) In a serious or literal manner.
autentyk na poważnie na serio poważnie serio
Gravely; deeply; very much.
Used to attempt to introduce a serious point in a less serious conversation.
Used to call back to a previous point, in disbelief or for emphasis.
(informal) In an extreme or major way; majorly

seriousness /ˈsɪəɹiəsnəs/ /ˈsɪɹiəsnəs/ seriousnesses n
powaga
The state or quality of being serious.

sermon /ˈsɜː.mən/ /ˈsɝ.mən/ sermons n
kazanie
Religious discourse; a written or spoken address on a religious or moral matter.
A lengthy speech of reproval.

serotonin /ˌsɛɹəˈtoʊnɪn/ /ˌsɛɹəˈtəʊnɪn/ serotonins n
serotonina
(neurotransmitter) An indoleamine neurotransmitter, 5-hydroxytryptamine, that is involved in depression, appetite, etc., and is crucial in maintaining a sense of well-being, security, etc.

serpent /ˈsɜːpənt/ /ˈsɝpənt/ serpents n
wąż
(now, literary) A snake, especially a large or dangerous one.

serpentine /ˈsɜː.pənˌtaɪn/ /ˈsɝ.pənˌtaɪn/ more serpentine most serpentine adj
wężowy
Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of snakes.

serpopard serpopards n
serpopard
(Egyptian mythology, Mesopotamian mythology) A mythical animal resembling a serpent-necked leopard, known from Ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian depictions.

serum /ˈsiɹəm/ /ˈsiːɹəm/ /ˈsɪəɹəm/ /ˈsɪɹəm/ sera serums n
surowica
The clear yellowish liquid obtained upon separating whole blood into its solid and liquid components after it has been allowed to clot.
serum
(skincare) An intensive moisturising product to be applied after cleansing but before a general moisturiser.

serval /ˈsɜːvəl/ /ˈsɝvəl/ servals n
serwal
A medium-sized African wild cat, Leptailurus serval, formerly Felis serval.

servant /ˈsɜːvənt/ /ˈsɝvənt/ [ˈsɝvn̩ʔ] servants n
sługa służąca służący
One who is hired to perform regular household or other duties, and receives compensation. As opposed to a slave.

serve /sɑː(ɹ)v/ /sɜːv/ /sɝv/ serves n
serw serwis zagrywka
(sports) An act of putting the ball or shuttlecock in play in various games.

serve /sɑː(ɹ)v/ /sɜːv/ /sɝv/ v
serwować podawać
(transitive) To set down (food or drink) on the table to be eaten; to bring (food, drink) to a person. [from 15thc.]
służyć
(transitive) To be a servant for; to work for, to be employed by. [from 13thc.]
(intransitive) To be a servant or worker; to perform the duties of a servant or employee; to render service. [from 14thc.]

serve someone right v
dobrze Ci tak! masz na co zasłużyłaś! masz na co zasłużyłeś! sam jesteś sobie winien! sama jesteś sobie winna!
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see serve,‎ right.

server /ˈsɜːvə/ /ˈsɝvɚ/ servers n
serwer
(computing) A program that provides services to other programs or devices, either in the same computer or over a computer network.
kelner kelnerka
One who serves.

service /ˈsɜːvɪs/ /ˈsɝvɪs/ services n
obsługa służba
An act of being of assistance to someone.
służba
The state of being subordinate to or employed by an individual or group.
The military.
służba usługa serwis usługiwanie
(economics) The practice of providing assistance as economic activity.
usługa serwis
(computing) A function that is provided by one program or machine for another.
nabożeństwo
A religious rite or ritual.

service /ˈsɜːvɪs/ /ˈsɝvɪs/ v
serwisować
(transitive) To perform maintenance.
serwować
(transitive) To serve.

service dog service dogs n
pies towarzyszący
A dog that assists a person who is physically handicapped or who suffers from a mental disability such as post-traumatic stress disorder.

service economy service economies n
gospodarka oparta na usługach gospodarka usługowa
An economy based on service sector, such as: financial services, hospitality, retail, health, human services, information technology and education.

service level service levels n
poziom usług

service provider service providers n
usługodawca
A company that provides a service.

service record service records n
akta przebieg służby

service tree service trees n
jarząb domowy
(botany) Either of two rare Old World deciduous trees, Sorbus domestica or Sorbus torminalis.

serviceable /ˈsɜːvɪsəbl̩/ /ˈsɝvɪsəbl̩/ more serviceable most serviceable adj
efektywny sprawny
In condition for use.

serviceberry serviceberries n
świdośliwa
(North America) Any plant of the genus Amelanchier of small deciduous trees and large shrubs in the family Rosaceae.

serviceman servicemen n
wojskowy
A man who serves in the armed forces.

servile /ˈsəɹ.vəl/ /ˈsəɹˌvaɪl/ /ˈsɜː(ɹ)ˌvaɪl/ more servile most servile adj
uniżony lokajski niewolniczy
Slavish or submissive.

servility /sə.ˈvɪ.lɪ.ti/ /sɚ.ˈvɪ.lɪ.ti/ /ˌsɜː.ˈvɪ.lɪ.ti/ /ˌsɝ.ˈvɪ.lɪ.ti/ servilities n
serwilizm
The condition of being servile.

serving /ˈsɜːvɪŋ/ /ˈsɝvɪŋ/ servings n
porcja
(countable) The quantity of food or drink intended for one person in a single sitting; especially in relation to a meal.

servitization n
serwicyzacja

servitude /-tjuːd/ /ˈsɜːvɪtʃuːd/ /ˈsɝvɪtud/ servitudes n
służebność
The state of being a slave; slavery; being forced to work for others or do their bidding without one's consent or against one's will, either in perpetuity or for a period of time over which one has little or no control.
(legal) A qualified beneficial interest severed or fragmented from the ownership of an inferior property and attached to a superior property or to some person other than the owner; the most common form is an easement.

sesame /ˈsiːsəm/ /ˈsɛsəm/ /ˈsɛsəmi/ /ˈsɛzəmi/ sesames n
sezam
The seed of this plant.

sesquilinear adj
półtoraliniowy
(mathematics) (of a map of a complex vector space) Linear in one coordinate and conjugate linear in the other

sesquiterpene sesquiterpenes n
seskwiterpeny
(organic chemistry) Any terpene formed from three isoprene units, and having fifteen carbon atoms; includes several plant pigments such as the flavones.

sessile /ˈsɛsaɪl/ /ˈsɛsɪl/ adj
bezogonkowy bezszypułkowy
(botany) Attached directly by the base; not having an intervening stalk; stalkless.

sessile oak sessile oaks n
dąb bezszypułkowy
A large deciduous tree, Quercus petraea.

session /ˈsɛʃ(ə)n/ sessions n
sesja seans
A period devoted to a particular activity, e.g. the annual or semiannual periods of a legislative body (that together comprise the legislative term) whose individual meetings are also called sessions.
sesja posiedzenie
A meeting of a council, court, school, or legislative body to conduct its business.

sestertius sestertii n
sestercja sesterc
(historical, _, numismatics) A large bronze or (rarely) small silver coin minted during the Roman Republic and Empire, valued at two and a half asses (a quarter of a denarius).

sestina sestinas n
sekstyna sestyna
(poetry) A highly structured poem consisting of six six-line stanzas followed by a tercet or envoy, for a total of thirty-nine lines.

set /sɛt/ more set most set adj
gotowy
Ready, prepared.
zdeterminowany
Intent, determined (to do something).
określony ustalony
Prearranged.
ułożony
(of hair) Fixed in a certain style.

set /sɛt/ sets n
odbiornik
A device for receiving broadcast radio waves (or, more recently, broadcast data); a radio or television.
komplet
A matching collection of similar things. (Note the similar meaning in Etymology 2, Noun.)
zestaw
A collection of various objects for a particular purpose.
zbiór agregat
(set theory) A collection of zero or more objects, possibly infinite in size, and disregarding any order or repetition of the objects which may be contained within it.
set
(in plural, “sets”, mathematics, informal) Set theory.
(volleyball) The act of directing the ball to a teammate for an attack.
grupa zespół
A group of people, usually meeting socially.
dekoracje plan
the general locations and area where a movie’s, a film’s, or a video’s scenery is arranged to be filmed also including places for actors, assorted crew, director, producers which are typically not filmed.

set /sɛt/ v
kłaść stawiać
(transitive) To put (something) down, to rest.
nakreślić nastawić określać składać tężeć umiejscawiać
(transitive, dated) To cause to stop or stick; to obstruct; to fasten to a spot.
nakryć zastawić
(transitive) To arrange with dishes and cutlery, to set the table.
przygotowywać
(transitive) To prepare (a stage or film set).
zadawać
(transitive) To devise and assign (work) to.
zachodzić
(intransitive) Of a heavenly body, to disappear below the horizon of a planet, etc, as the latter rotates.

set an example v
świecić przykładem

set fire v
podpalać podpalić
(intransitive, followed by to) To light using fire; to cause to be on fire; to set alight.

set foot on land v
wysiadać wysiąść

set forth v
przedstawić
(transitive) To present for consideration; to propose.
wyruszyć
(intransitive) To begin a journey or expedition.

set free v
uwalniać uwolnić
(transitive) To release, to free, to give freedom to.

set in motion v
nadawać bieg nadać bieg
(idiomatic) To trigger movement or progress; to get going.

set on fire v
zapalić podpalić
(transitive) To cause to begin to burn.

set phrase set phrases n
frazeologizm idiom idiomat idiomatyzm związek frazeologiczny
(grammar) An established expression whose wording is subject to little or no variation, and which may or may not be idiomatic.
(grammar) An idiomatic expression in general.

set point set points n
piłka setowa setbol
(tennis, volleyball) A situation where if one of the two players wins the next point, (s)he will win the set (but not the match).

set sail v
wypłynąć wypływać
To depart on a voyage by boat.

set square set squares n
ekierka
(UK) A flat triangular piece of plastic or other material, having corners of precise angles, used in technical drawing

set the bar v
ustawiać poprzeczkę ustawić poprzeczkę

set the record straight v
prostować wyprostować wyprostowywać
to correct a previous error or misunderstanding, especially one in print

set the scene v
naszkicować szkicować

set the table v
nakryć do stołu
To arrange plates, etc. for a meal.

set the world to rights v
naprawiać świat naprawić świat

set theoretically adv
w sposób używający teorii mnogości
(mathematics) In a manner which uses set theory
(mathematics) In the sense of set theory

set theory set theories n
teoria mnogości
(mathematics) The mathematical theory of sets.

set up v
aranżować organizować urządzać urządzić zaaranżować zorganizować
(transitive) To arrange for an outcome; to tamper or rig.
przygotować przygotowywać
(intransitive) To ready something for use.

set up camp v
rozbijać obóz rozbić obóz

set-top box set-top boxes n
dekoder
A device that connects some source of signal to a television set, often decrypting a digitally encrypted signal from a communications satellite or cable network.

settee /sɛˈtiː/ settees n
sofa
(UK, Texas) A long seat with a back, made to accommodate several persons at once; a sofa.

setter /ˈset.ə/ /ˈsɛt.ə/ /ˈsɛt.ɚ/ [-ɾɚ] setters n
seter
A long-haired breed of hunting dog.

setting /ˈsɛtɪŋ/ settings n
konfiguracja ustawienie
A piece of metal in which a precious stone or gem is fixed to form a piece of jewelry.

settle /ˈsɛtl̩/ /ˈsɛtəl/ v
osiadać osiąść usadawiać się usadowić się
(transitive) To determine (something which was exposed to doubt or question); to resolve conclusively; to set or fix (a time, an order of succession, etc).
(intransitive) To fix one's residence in a place; to establish a dwelling place, home, or colony. (Compare settle down.)
usadawiać usadowić
(transitive) To place in(to) a fixed or permanent condition or position or on(to) a permanent basis; to make firm, steady, or stable; to establish or fix.

settle down v
uspakajać się uspokajać się uspokoić się
(ambitransitive) To make or become quiet and calm after a period of disturbance or restlessness.
ustatkować ustatkowywać
(intransitive) To establish a settled lifestyle for oneself, especially by marrying.
zadomawiać się zadomowić się
(intransitive) To grow comfortable and familiar with one's new accommodation or circumstances.

settle for v
obywać się obyć się ograniczać się do ograniczyć się do poprzestawać poprzestać
(idiomatic, transitive) To accept or allow something, especially something not entirely desirable.

settlement /ˈsɛt.l̩.mənt/ settlements n
osadnictwo rozstrzygnięcie
The act of settling.
porozumienie ugoda
The state of being settled.
osiedle osada
A colony that is newly established; a place or region newly settled (even in past times).
osadnictwo
A community of people living together, such as a hamlet, village, town, or city; a populated place.
osiadanie
(architecture) The gradual sinking of a building. Fractures or dislocations caused by settlement.
osadnictwo rozliczenie rozstrzygnięcie spłacenie uregulowanie
(finance) The delivery of goods by the seller and payment for them by the buyer, under a previously agreed trade or transaction or contract entered into.
zapisanie
(legal) A disposition of property, or the act of granting it.
zasiedzenie
(legal) A settled place of abode; residence; a right growing out of legal residence.
rozstrzygnięcie
(legal) A resolution of a dispute.
(law) A mutual agreement to end a dispute without resorting to legal proceedings, also known as an out-of-court settlement or settling out of court.

settlement agreement settlement agreements n
ugoda
(legal) A contractual agreement between parties to actual or potential litigation by which each party agrees to a resolution of the underlying dispute.

settler /ˈsɛt.lə/ /ˈsɛt.lɚ/ /ˈsɛt.l̩.ə/ /ˈsɛt.l̩.ɚ/ settlers n
osadnik osiedleniec
Someone who settles in a new location, especially one who takes up residence in a previously uninhabited place; a colonist.

setup /ˈsɛtʌp/ setups n
instalator
(computing) An installer.

sevdalinka sevdalinkas n
sevdalinka sevdah
(uncountable) A traditional genre of folk music from Bosnia and Herzegovina, also popular in the ex-Yugoslavia region.

seven /ˈsɛvn̩/ /ˈsɛvən/ [ˈsɛbm̩] sevens n
siódemka siedem
The digit/figure 7 or an occurrence thereof.
siódemka
(countable, cards) A card bearing seven pips.

seven /ˈsɛvn̩/ /ˈsɛvən/ [ˈsɛbm̩] numeral
siedem siedmioro
A numerical value equal to 7; the number following six and preceding eight. This many dots: (•••••••). Describing a group or set with seven elements.

seven deadly sins n
siedem grzechów głównych
(Catholicism) The cardinal sins enumerated by medieval philosophers and theologians: pride (or vanity, vainglory), envy, gluttony, greed (or avarice), lust, sloth (or acedia), and wrath (or anger).

seven hundred /ˈsɛv.ən ˈhʌn.dɹəd/ /ˈsɛv.ən ˈhʌn.dɹɪd/ numeral
siedemset
The cardinal number occurring after six hundred ninety-nine and before seven hundred one, represented in Arabic numerals as 700.

seven o'clock n
siódma
(In both the 12-hour clock and the 24-hour clock) The start of the eighth hour of the day; 7:00 a.m. (07:00).

seven seas n
siedem mórz
(poetic) All of the oceans of the world. (In a common modern interpretation, the seven seas are the North and South Atlantic, North and South Pacific, Indian, Arctic and Antarctic, but historical interpretations differ widely; see the Wikipedia article for this.)

seven thousand numeral
siedem tysięcy
7,000

seven-league boots n
siedmiomilowe buty
(folklore, fairy tale) A pair of boots enabling the wearer to cross seven leagues at one stride.

seventeen /ˈsɛv.ən.tiːn/ /ˌsɛv.ənˈtiːn/ numeral
siedemnaście siedemnaścioro
The cardinal number occurring after sixteen and before eighteen, represented in Roman numerals as XVII and in Arabic numerals as 17.

seventeenth /ˌsɛvənˈtiːnθ/ adj
siedemnasty
The ordinal form of the number seventeen.

seventh /ˈsɛvnθ/ /ˈsɛvənθ/ adj
siódmy
The ordinal form of the number seven.

seventh /ˈsɛvnθ/ /ˈsɛvənθ/ sevenths n
septyma
(music) A tone of the seventh degree from a given tone, the interval between two such tones, or the two tones sounding in unison.

seventh art /ˌsɛvnθ ˈɑːt/ /ˌsɛvənθ ˈɑɹt/ n
filmoznawstwo
(film, chiefly preceded by the definite article) The art of making motion pictures; filmmaking; cinema. [from 1920s]

seventh heaven n
siódme niebo
A state of great joy and satisfaction.

seventies n
lata 70. lata siedemdziesiąte
The decade of the 1870s, 1970s, etc.

seventy /ˈsɛv.ən.di/ /ˈsɛv.ən.ti/ numeral
siedemdziesiąt
The cardinal number occurring after sixty-nine and before seventy-one, represented in Roman numerals as LXX and in Arabic numerals as 70.

seventy-eight numeral
siedemdziesiąt osiem
The cardinal number immediately following seventy-seven and preceding seventy-nine.

seventy-first adj
siedemdziesiąty pierwszy
The ordinal form of the number seventy-one, describing a person or thing in position number 71 of a sequence.

seventy-five /ˌsɛv.ən.tiˈfaɪv/ numeral
siedemdziesiąt pięć
The cardinal number immediately following seventy-four and preceding seventy-six.

seventy-four numeral
siedemdziesiąt cztery
The cardinal number immediately following seventy-three and preceding seventy-five.

seventy-nine numeral
siedemdziesiąt dziewięć
The cardinal number immediately following seventy-eight and preceding eighty.

seventy-one numeral
siedemdziesiąt jeden
The cardinal number immediately following seventy and preceding seventy-two.

seventy-second adj
siedemdziesiąty drugi
The ordinal form of the number seventy-two, describing a person or thing in position number 72 of a sequence.

seventy-seven numeral
siedemdziesiąt siedem
The cardinal number immediately following seventy-six and preceding seventy-eight.

seventy-six numeral
siedemdziesiąt sześć
The cardinal number immediately following seventy-five and preceding seventy-seven.

seventy-three numeral
siedemdziesiąt trzy
The cardinal number immediately following seventy-two and preceding seventy-four.

seventy-two numeral
siedemdziesiąt dwa
The cardinal number immediately following seventy-one and preceding seventy-three.

seventysomething seventysomethings n
siedemdziesięciolatek siedemdziesięciolatka
(colloquial) A person between 70 and 79 years old.

severable more severable most severable adj
wypowiadalny
Capable of being severed.

several /ˈsɛv(ə)ɹəl/ determiner
kilka
Consisting of a number more than two but not very many. [from 17th c.]

severe /-vɪɹ/ /sɪˈviːɹ/ /sɪˈvɪə/ /sɪˈvɪɹ/ more severe most severe severer severest adj
poważny
Very bad or intense.
srogi surowy
Strict or harsh.
surowy
Sober, plain in appearance, austere.

sevruga sevrugas n
siewruga
stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus).

sew /soʊ/ /səʉ/ /səʊ/ v
szyć
(transitive) To use a needle to pass thread repeatedly through (pieces of fabric) in order to join them together.
(intransitive) To use a needle to pass thread repeatedly through pieces of fabric in order to join them together.

sewage /ˈsu.ɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈsuː.ɪd͡ʒ/ sewages n
ścieki
A suspension of water and solid waste, transported by sewers to be disposed of or processed.

sewer /ˈs(j)uːə/ /ˈsuɚ/ sewers n
kanalizacja kanały ściekowe rynsztok ścieki
A pipe or system of pipes used to remove human waste and to provide drainage.

sewer /ˈsoʊɚ/ /ˈsəʊə/ sewers n
szwacz szwaczka
One who sews.

sewer rat sewer rats n
skurczybyk
(derogatory) A base and contemptible person.
szczur kanałowy
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see Any rat that lives in sewers.

sewing machine sewing machines n
maszyna do szycia
Any mechanical or electromechanical device used to stitch cloth or other material; normally uses two threads to form lock stitches

sex /sɛks/ sexes n
płeć
(countable) Another category, especially of humans and especially based on sexuality or gender roles.
(obsolete, or, literary, uncountable, with "the") Women; the human female gender and those who belong to it.
seks stosunek płciowy bara-bara spółkowanie
(uncountable) Sexual activity, usually sexual intercourse unless preceded by a modifier.

sex /sɛks/ v
seksować
(zoology, transitive) To determine the sex of (an animal).

sex appeal n
atrakcyjność seksualna seksapil
Sexual attractiveness. [from 1910s]

sex bomb sex bombs n
seksbomba
(colloquial) Someone who is highly physically attractive; a bombshell.

sex drive sex drives n
popęd płciowy
The tendency or instinct of animals to engage in sexual activity.

sex life /ˈsɛksˌlaɪf/ sex lives n
życie seksualne
That part of a person's life that is directly concerned with sexual activity.

sex object sex objects n
obiekt seksualny
A person seen primarily or solely as sexually attractive.

sex offender sex offenders n
przestępca seksualny przestępczyni seksualna
Somebody who has committed a crime of a sexual nature.

sex organ sex organs n
narząd płciowy
(anatomy) An organ used in sexual reproduction or sexual stimulation.

sex position sex positions n
pozycja seksualna
Any of the physical positions adopted for sexual intercourse.

sex scene sex scenes n
scena łóżkowa
A segment in a film or television program in which characters engage in simulated or real sexual activity.

sex shop sex shops n
sex shop
A shop that sells sex toys, erotic lingerie, pornography etc.

sex slave sex slaves n
niewolnik seksualny
A slave kept for sexual purposes.

sex worker sex workers n
pracownik seksualny sex worker pracownica seksualna sex workerka
A person who supplies sex work (short-term sexual services) in exchange for compensation.

sexagenarian /ˌsɛksəd͡ʒɪˈnɛəɹɪən/ /ˌsɛksəd͡ʒɪˈnɛɹiən/ adj
sześćdziesięcioletni
Of or related to sixtysomethings.

sexagesimal /ˌsɛk.sə.ˈdʒɛ.sɪ.məl/ adj
sześćdziesiątkowy
(math) Of, related to, or based on the number sixty.

sexism /ˈsɛksɪzm̩/ sexisms n
seksizm
Discrimination or different treatment based on sex or gender.

sexist /ˈsɛksɪst/ more sexist most sexist adj
seksistowski
Unfairly discriminatory against one sex in favour of the other.

sexist /ˈsɛksɪst/ sexists n
seksista seksistka
A person who discriminates on grounds of sex; someone who practises sexism.

sexistly more sexistly most sexistly adv
seksistowsko
In a sexist manner.

sexless adj
bezpłciowy
Provoking or showing no sexual desire.

sexology sexologies n
seksuologia
The study of sex and sexuality, usually from a psychological or clinical perspective.

sextillion /sɛksˈtɪljən/ sextillions numeral
tryliard
(US, British, Australian, short scale) A trillion billion: 1 followed by 21 zeros, 1021.

sexton /ˈsɛk.stən/ sextons n
zakrystian
A church official who looks after a church building and its graveyard and may act as a gravedigger and bell ringer.

sextuplication sextuplications n
mnożenie przez sześć

sexual /ˈsɛksjuəl/ /ˈsɛkʃuəl/ more sexual most sexual adj
seksualny płciowy
Arising from the fact of being male or female; pertaining to sex or gender, or to the social relations between the sexes. [from 17th c.]

sexual abuse sexual abuses n
wykorzystywanie seksualne
(crime) Any sexual activity that is undesired by one participant but forced on them nonetheless, especially when considered to be more sustained or frequent than an incident of sexual assault.

sexual harassment /ˌsɛkʃuəl həˈɹæsmənt/ /ˌsɛkʃuəl ˈhæɹəsmənt/ n
molestowanie seksualne napastowanie seksualne
Harassment in the form of unwelcome sexual advances and/or remarks.

sexual intercourse sexual intercourses n
stosunek płciowy
Sexual interaction, usually involving vaginal and/or anal and/or oral penetration, between at least two organisms.

sexual majority sexual majorities n
pełnoletniość
(uncountable) The state of being an adult (major, rather than a minor) in sexual matters.

sexual maturity n
dojrzałość płciowa

sexual minority sexual minorities n
mniejszość seksualna
(countable) A (member of a) group outside of the mainstream of accepted sexual expression or orientation in a given culture. (Also used attributively.)

sexual orientation sexual orientations n
orientacja seksualna
One's tendencies of sexual attraction, considered as a whole.

sexual predator sexual predators n
seksualna drapieżnica seksualny drapieżnik
(chiefly, pejorative) A person who obtains, or tries to obtain, sexual contact in an abusive manner, and for that reason is seen as threatening.

sexual relation sexual relations n
stosunek płciowy
(idiomatic) Behaviour of a sexual nature between one or more individuals.

sexual reproduction n
rozmnażanie płciowe
The process whereby a new organism is created by combining the genetic material of two organisms.

sexual selection sexual selections n
dobór płciowy
(evolutionary theory) A type of natural selection where members of the sexes acquire distinct forms either because the members of one sex choose mates with particular features or because in the competition for mates among the members of one sex only those with certain traits succeed.

sexuality /sɛksjuˈælɪti/ /sɛkʃuˈæləti/ /sɛkʃuˈælɪti/ sexualities n
seksualność
The quality of being sexual; that which is characterized or distinguished by sex.
Sexual activity; concern with, or interest in, sexual activity.
Sexual potency.
Sexual identity, gender.

sexually transmitted disease sexually transmitted diseases n
choroba przenoszona drogą płciową choroba weneryczna
(disease) Any of various diseases that are usually contracted through sexual contact.

shabbos goy /ˈʃɑbəs ˈɡɔɪ/ shabbos goys n
goj szabatowy szabes goj szabes-goj
A Gentile who performs certain acts which are forbidden to observant Jews on the Sabbath/Shabbat, such as kindling fire.
(neo-Nazism, derogatory) A Gentile who opposes anti-Semitism.

shabrack /ʃəˈbɹæk/ shabracks n
czaprak
The saddlecloth of a cavalry horse.

shack /ʃæk/ shacks n
barak buda chałupa
A crude, roughly built hut or cabin.

shack up v
żyć na kocią łapę
(colloquial) To live together, especially of an unmarried couple.

shackle /ˈʃækəl/ shackles n
kajdany
(usually, in the plural) A restraint fit over a human or animal appendage, such as a wrist, ankle or finger; normally used in pairs joined by a chain.
szekla
A U-shaped piece of metal secured with a pin or bolt across the opening, or a hinged metal loop secured with a quick-release locking pin mechanism.

shad /ʃæd/ shad shads n
aloza
Any one of several species of food fishes that make up the genus Alosa in the family Clupeidae, to which the herrings also belong; river herring.

shadchen shadchens n
szadchan
(Jewish) marriage broker, matchmaker

shade /ʃeɪd/ shades n
cień
(uncountable) Darkness where light, particularly sunlight, is blocked.
odcień
A very small degree of a quantity, or variety of meaning

shade /ʃeɪd/ v
cieniować
(transitive, obsolete) To shelter; to cover from injury; to protect; to screen.

shade horsetail shade horsetails n
skrzyp łąkowy
A plant in the taxonomic genus Equisetum (horsetails); Equisetum pratense.

shader /ˈʃeɪdɚ/ shaders n
shader
(computer graphics) A set of software instructions used to calculate rendering effects on graphics hardware.

shadoof shadoofs n
żuraw
A device used to gather water, consisting of a pivoted stick with a bucket on the end of it.

shadow /ˈʃædoʊ/ /ˈʃædəʉ/ /ˈʃædəʊ/ shadows n
cień
A dark image projected onto a surface where light (or other radiation) is blocked by the shade of an object.

shadow play shadow plays n
teatr cieni
(hand games) An ancient form of storytelling and entertainment using opaque, often articulated figures in front of an illuminated backdrop to create the illusion of moving images.

shadowy /ˈʃæd.oʊ.i/ /ˈʃæd.əʊ.i/ shadowier shadowiest adj
cienisty
In shadow; darkened by shadows.

shady /ˈʃeɪdi/ shadier shadiest adj
szemrany
(informal) Not trustworthy; disreputable.

shaft /ʃæft/ /ʃɑːft/ shafts n
szyb
A vertical or inclined passage sunk into the earth as part of a mine
A vertical passage housing a lift or elevator; a liftshaft.
A ventilation or heating conduit; an air duct.

shag /ʃæɡ/ v
mieszać
(intransitive) To shake, wiggle around.
pieprzyć się
(UK, Ireland, transitive, vulgar, _, slang) To have sex with.

shaggy /ˈʃæɡi/ shaggier shaggiest adj
kosmaty kudłaty
Having long, thick, and uncombed hair, fur or wool.

shah /ʃɑː/ shahs n
szach
A king of Persia or Iran.

shahada /ʃɑˈhɑdə/ shahadas shahadat n
szahada
(Islam, especially, theosophy) The Islamic declaration of belief in the unity of God, one of the five pillars, the formal content of which is the kalima (a minimal Islamic creed).

shahanshah shahanshahs n
szachinszach
(historical) King of kings; a title given to the rulers of ancient Persia and sometimes of Armenia.

shake /ˈʃeɪk/ shakes n
shake
A milkshake.
gont szyndzioł
(building material) A thin shingle.

shake /ˈʃeɪk/ v
trząść potrząsnąć
(transitive, ergative) To cause (something) to move rapidly in opposite directions alternatingly.
wstrząsnąć
(transitive) To disturb emotionally; to shock.
podać sobie dłonie
(intransitive, usually as "shake on") To shake hands.
trząść potrząsnąć pozbyć się
(transitive) To give a tremulous tone to; to trill.
pozbyć się
(intransitive, figurative) To be agitated; to lose firmness.

shake like a leaf v
trząść się jak osika
(simile, idiomatic) To tremble, as with fear, cold, etc.; shiver

shake off v
otrząsać otrząsnąć
To remove (something attached to, on or clinging to an object) by shaking.

shake out v
wytrzepać wytrzepywać
(transitive, also figurative) To agitate a piece of cloth or other flexible material in order to remove dust, or to try to make it smooth and flat.

shakedown shakedowns n
barłóg legowisko leże siennik wyro
An improvised bed.

shako /ˈʃeɪkoʊ/ /ˈʃeɪkəʊ/ /ˈʃɑkoʊ/ /ˈʃɑːkəʊ/ shakoes shakos n
czako
A stiff, cylindrical military dress hat with a metal plate in front, a short visor, and a plume.

shakshuka n
szakszuka
(culinary) A dish of eggs simmered in a mixture of chopped tomatoes, chilies, cumin, peppers, and onions.

shale /ʃeɪl/ shales n
łupek
(geology) A fine-grained sedimentary rock of a thin, laminated, and often friable, structure.

shale gas shale gases n
gaz łupkowy
Natural gas extracted from shale.

shall /ʃ(ə)/ /ʃəl/ /ˈʃæl/ v
powinno się
Used before a verb to indicate the simple future tense in the first person singular or plural.

shallot /ʃəˈlɑt/ /ʃəˈlɒt/ /ˈʃælət/ shallots n
szalotka
Any vegetable of certain species in the onion family.

shallow /ˈʃaləʊ/ /ˈʃæl.oʊ/ shallower shallowest adj
płytki miałki niegłęboki
Having little depth; significantly less deep than wide.
płytki
Extending not far downward.
miałki powierzchowny
Concerned mainly with superficial matters.

shallow /ˈʃaləʊ/ /ˈʃæl.oʊ/ shallows n
mielizna płytki
A shallow portion of an otherwise deep body of water.

shallow-fried adj
płytko smażony

shallowly adv
płytko
In a shallow manner, without depth.

shallowness shallownesses n
płytkość
the property of being shallow

shalom /ʃɑːˈloʊm/ /ʃəˈləʊm/ interjection
szalom
A traditional Jewish greeting.

shalwar /ˈʃʌlvɑɹ/ shalwars n
szarawary
(in singular or plural) Loose trousers worn in some South Asian or Islamic countries, especially by women but also by men, especially with a kamees.

sham /ʃæm/ adj
udawany
Intended to deceive; false.

shaman /ʃəˈmɑːn/ /ˈʃeɪmən/ /ˈʃæmən/ /ˈʃɑːmən/ shamans n
szaman szamanka wołchw
A member of certain tribal societies who acts as a spiritual or religious medium between the concrete and spirit worlds.

shamanism /ˈʃeɪmənɪzəm/ /ˈʃɑːmənɪzəm/ shamanisms n
szamanizm
Any of a range of traditional beliefs and practices concerned with communication with the spirit world.

shame /ʃeɪm/ shames n
wstyd hańba sromota
An uncomfortable or painful feeling due to recognition or consciousness of one's own impropriety or dishonor, or something being exposed that should have been kept private.

shame /ʃeɪm/ v
zawstydzać
(transitive) To cause to feel shame.

shame on you interjection
jak ci nie wstyd
An expression of disapproval.

shameful /ˈʃeɪmfəl/ more shameful most shameful adj
haniebny
Causing or meriting shame or disgrace; disgraceful

shamefully /ˈʃeɪmfəli/ more shamefully most shamefully adv
haniebnie
In a shameful manner.

shameless more shameless most shameless adj
bezwstydny bezpruderyjny
Having no shame, no guilt nor remorse over something considered wrong; immodest, brazen; unable to feel disgrace.

shamelessly more shamelessly most shamelessly adv
arogancko bezczelnie bezpruderyjnie bezwstydnie impertynencko zuchwale
In a shameless manner; without shame; impudently.

shamelessness shamelessnesses n
bezpruderyjność bezwstyd bezwstydność
(uncountable) The state or characteristic of being shameless.

shampoo /ʃamˈpuː/ /ʃæmˈpuː/ shampoos n
szampon
A commercial liquid soap product for washing hair or other fibres/fibers, such as carpets.
An instance of washing the hair or other fibres with shampoo.

shamrock /ˈʃæm.ɹɑk/ /ˈʃæm.ɹɒk/ shamrocks n
koniczyna dzięcielina
The trefoil leaf of any small clover, especially Trifolium repens, or such a leaf from a clover-like plant, commonly used as a symbol of Ireland.

shank /ʃæŋk/ shanks n
goleń
The metal part on a curb bit that falls below the mouthpiece, which length controls the severity of the leverage action of the bit, and to which the reins of the bridle are attached.

shanks' mare shanks' mares n
piechota
(US, idiomatic) One's own legs used for walking; to "travel by shanks' mare" or "ride [on] shanks' mare" is to walk to your destination.

shanks' pony n
piechota
(idiomatic, UK, Australia, New Zealand) One's feet or legs, regarded as a means of transport.

shanti /ʃɑnti/ /ʃɑːnti/ /ˈʃaːnt̪i/ [-ɾi] n
śanti
(Hinduism) Peace, tranquility.

shanty /ˈʃænti/ shanties n
barak buda chałupa rudera
A roughly-built hut or cabin.
A rudimentary or improvised dwelling, especially one not legally owned.
(Australia, New Zealand) An unlicensed pub.
szanta
A song a sailor sings, especially in rhythm to his work.

shape /ʃeɪp/ shapes n
kształt
The status or condition of something
forma kondycja
Condition of personal health, especially muscular health.
forma kształt
The appearance of something in terms of its arrangement in space, especially its outline; often a basic geometric two-dimensional figure.

shape /ʃeɪp/ v
kształtować ukształtować
(transitive) To give something a shape and definition.

shaped /ʃeɪpt/ more shaped most shaped adj
-kształtny -owaty ukształtowany
Having been given a shape, especially a curved shape.
-kształtny -owaty
(in compound terms) Having a particular shape (sharing the appearance of something in space, especially its outline – often a basic geometric two-dimensional figure)

shapeless more shapeless most shapeless adj
bezkształtny bezpostaciowy
without a clearly defined or identifiable shape

shapelessly more shapelessly most shapelessly adv
bezkształtnie
In a shapeless manner.

shapelessness shapelessnesses n
bezkształt bezkształtność magmowatość
(uncountable) The property of being shapeless.

shapely more shapely most shapely shapelier shapeliest adj
kształtny zgrabny
Having a pleasing shape, pleasant to look at.

shaper /ˈʃeɪpə(ɹ)/ shapers n
strugarka
A machine tool in which a single-point cutting tool mounted on a reciprocating ram is traversed across the workpiece linearly. Shapers can generate various shapes, but were most especially employed in generating flat surfaces and keyways. The shaper is nowadays obsolescent, most of its applications being served by milling machines.

shapeshifter /ˈʃeɪp.ʃɪf.tɚ/ /ˈʃeɪpʃɪftə/ shapeshifters n
zmiennokształtny
(fantasy, mythology, science fiction) A person or creature capable of changing their appearance or form at will.

sharashka sharashkas n
szaraga szaraszka
A secret research and development laboratory in the Soviet gulag.

shard /ʃaːd/ /ʃɑɹd/ /ʃɑːd/ shards n
odłamek skorupa
(by extension) A piece of material, especially rock and similar materials, reminding of a broken piece of glass or pottery.

share /ʃɛə/ /ʃɛɚ/ shares n
część
A portion of something, especially a portion given or allotted to someone.
akcja
(finance) A financial instrument that shows that one owns a part of a company that provides the benefit of limited liability.

share /ʃɛə/ /ʃɛɚ/ v
dzielić się
To give part of what one has to somebody else to use or consume.
To tell to another.
dzielić
To have or use in common.
udostępniać
To divide and distribute.

share capital n
kapitał akcyjny
The part of a company's capital that is financed by shareholders through the issue of shares.

share taxi share taxis n
taksówka zbiorowa
A vehicle for hire, typically smaller than a bus, taking passengers on a fixed or semi-fixed route without timetables, departing when all seats are filled.

sharecropper sharecroppers n
połownik
A person who enters an agreement with a land owner to farm the land and then pay a portion (share) of the produce as rent; one who sharecrops.

sharecropping sharecroppings n
połownictwo
The system where a tenant farmer, especially in the southern United States, farms the land in exchange for a portion of the crops.

shared /ʃeːd/ /ʃɛɹd/ /ʃɛːd/ adj
wspólny dzielony współdzielony
Used by multiple entities or for multiple purposes or in multiple ways.

shareholder /ˈʃɛəˌhəʊl.də(ɹ)/ /ˈʃɛ˞ˌhoʊl.dɚ/ shareholders n
akcjonariusz akcjonariuszka udziałowiec
One who owns shares of stock in a corporation.

shareholders' meeting shareholders' meetings n
zebranie udziałowców
(legal) A meeting of all shareholders of a company, usually held at least annually to approve the accounts and elect the members of the board.

shareholding shareholdings n
akcjonariat
The owning of shares.

shari'a n
szariat
(Islam) Traditional Islamic religious law primarily based on the Quran, but also the hadith and tafsir; it covers the totality of religious, political, social and private life, making no distinction between religion and life – in other words between transgressions of moral rules (sin) and of social rules.

shark /ʃɑɹk/ /ʃɑːk/ sharks n
rekin
(ichthyology) A scaleless, predatory fish of the superorder Selachimorpha, with a cartilaginous skeleton and 5 to 7 gill slits on each side of its head.
(informal) A relentless and resolute person or group, especially in business.

sharp /ʃɑɹp/ /ʃɑːp/ sharper sharpest adj
ostry
Terminating in a point or edge, especially one that can cut easily; not dull, obtuse, or rounded.
Having an intense, acrid flavour.
Forming a small angle; especially, forming an angle of less than ninety degrees.
(obsolete) Fierce; ardent; fiery; violent; impetuous.

sharp tongue sharp tongues n
cięty język
(idiomatic) The practice or characteristic of speaking to others in a harsh, critical, or insulting manner.

sharp-tailed sandpiper sharp-tailed sandpipers n
biegus ostrosterny pilrito-acuminado
A type of sandpiper, (Calidris acuminata)

sharpen /ˈʃɑɹpən/ /ˈʃɑːpən/ v
ostrzyć
(transitive, sometimes, figurative) To make sharp.

sharpener /ˈʃɑː(ɹ)pənə(ɹ)/ sharpeners n
temperówka strugaczka
A device for making things sharp.

sharpish adj
cierpkawy ostrawy
(informal) Somewhat sharp; not blunt.

sharpshooter sharpshooters n
strzelec wyborowy
A person trained to shoot precisely with a rifle; a marksman.

shashlik shashliks n
szaszłyk
A form of shish kebab, originally made of marinated lamb meat.

shave /ʃeɪv/ shaves n
golenie
An instance of shaving.

shave /ʃeɪv/ v
golić golić się ogolić ogolić się podgolić
(intransitive) To remove hair from one's face by this means.

shaven /ˈʃeɪvən/ adj
golony ogolony podgolony zgolony
Having been shaved.

shaver /ˈʃeɪvə/ /ˈʃeɪvɚ/ shavers n
golarka
A tool or machine for shaving; an electric razor.

shaving brush shaving brushes n
pędzel do golenia
A small brush used to create a lather from shaving cream or shaving soap and apply it to the face or other area before shaving

shaving cream shaving creams n
pianka do golenia
A substance, usually a foam or gel, that is applied to the face or wherever else hair grows, to provide lubrication and avoid razor burn during shaving.
krem do golenia
A type of cosmetic cream, combined with water and whipped into a lather using a shaving brush to provide lubrication and avoid razor burn during shaving.

shaving gel shaving gels n
żel do golenia
A shaving product usually supplied in an aerosol can which has the appearance of cosmetic gel, but which turns into a lather when applied to wet skin.

shaving soap shaving soaps n
mydło do golenia
A type of hard soap used with water and a shaving brush to create a lather that provides lubrication and avoids razor burn during shaving.

shawarma /ʃəˈwɑɹmə/ shawarmas n
szawarma szoarma
A Middle Eastern sandwich-like wrap of shaved lamb, goat, chicken, turkey, beef, or a mixture of these.

shawl /ʃɑl/ /ʃɔl/ /ʃɔːl/ [ʃɒːɫ] shawls n
szal
A square or rectangular piece of cloth worn as a covering for the head, neck, and shoulders, typically by women. [from 1662]

shawm /ʃɔːm/ shawms n
szałamaja
A mediaeval double-reed wind instrument with a conical wooden body.

shchi n
szczi kapuśniak
A type of soup from Russia made from cabbage.

she /ʃi/ /ʃiː/ pronoun
ona
(personal) The female (typically) person or animal previously mentioned or implied.

she's unconscious phraseologicalUnit
ona jest nieprzytomna
Indicates that a female person is currently not conscious.

she-ass she-asses n
oślica
A female donkey.

she-bear she-bears n
niedźwiedzica
A female bear (as opposed to a he-bear, male bear).

she-cat she-cats n
kocica
An (adult) female cat.

she-devil she-devils n
diablica
(literally) A female devil (as opposed to a he-devil, male devil).
diablica jędza sekutnica złośnica
(figuratively) A woman whose bad temper, cruelty or wicked ways are so extreme as to evoke an image of the devil.

she-goat /ˈʃi.ɡoʊt/ /ˈʃiː.ɡəʊt/ she-goats n
koza
A female goat.

she-wolf she-wolves n
wilczyca wadera basiora
A female wolf.

sheaf /ʃiːf/ sheafs sheaves n
snop
A quantity of the stalks and ears of wheat, rye, or other grain, bound together; a bundle of grain or straw.
(mathematics) An abstract construct in topology that associates data to the open sets of a topological space, together with well-defined restrictions from larger to smaller open sets, subject to the condition that compatible data on overlapping open sets corresponds, via the restrictions, to a unique datum on the union of the open sets.

shear /ʃɛə/ /ʃɪə(ɹ)/ /ʃɪɹ/ shears n
ścinanie
The act of shearing, or something removed by shearing.

shear /ʃɛə/ /ʃɪə(ɹ)/ /ʃɪɹ/ v
strzyc
To remove the fleece from a sheep etc. by clipping.
(mathematics) To transform by displacing every point in a direction parallel to some given line by a distance proportional to the point’s distance from the line.
ciąć ścinać
To cut the hair of (a person).
(figurative) To deprive of property; to fleece.
ścinać
(physics) To deform because of forces pushing in opposite directions.

shears /ʃɪə(ɹ)z/ /ʃɪɹz/ n
nożyce
A tool consisting of two blades with bevel edges, connected by a pivot, used for cutting cloth, or for removing the fleece from sheep etc.

shearwater shearwaters n
burzyk
Any of the long-winged pelagic seabirds of the family Procellariidae in genera Puffinus, Ardenna, and Calonectris, that breed on islands and coastal cliffs.

sheatfish sheatfish sheatfishes n
sum
The wels catfish (Silurus glanis), a catfish, the largest freshwater fish in Europe.

sheath /ʃiːθ/ /ʃiθ/ sheaths n
puzdro
(zoology) The foreskin of certain animals (for example, dogs and horses).

shed /ʃɛd/ sheds n
szopa
A slight or temporary structure built to shade or shelter something; a structure usually open in front; an outbuilding; a hut.

shed a tear /ˈʃɛdəˈtɪə/ v
uronić łzę
(idiomatic) To have a tear released, to cry (from sadness)

shed blood v
przelewać krew

shed light on v
objaśnić oświecić rzucać światło rzucić światło
(also, figurative) To illuminate; to make clear.

sheep /ʃip/ /ʃiːp/ sheep sheeps n
trusia owca
(countable) A timid, shy person who is easily led by others.
owca
(countable, chiefly, Christianity, chiefly plural) A religious adherent, a member of a congregation or religious community (compare flock).

sheep milk n
mleko owcze
milk produced by sheep

sheepback sheepbacks n
baraniec muton
(geography, glaciology) A rock formation created by glacial erosion.

sheepcote sheepcotes n
owczarnia
(archaic) A small building for sheltering sheep.

sheepdog sheepdogs n
owczarek
A breed of dog, used for herding sheep.

sheepfold /ˈʃiːpfəʊld/ sheepfolds n
owczarnia
An enclosure for keeping sheep.

sheepishly /ˈʃiː.pɪʃ.li/ more sheepishly most sheepishly adv
z zakłopotaniem
In a sheepish way; meekly; self-consciously; with embarrassment.

sheeple /ˈʃiːpəl/ n
leming
(derogatory, slang) People who unquestioningly accept as true whatever their political leaders say or who adopt popular opinion as their own without scrutiny.

sheepskin sheepskins n
baran baranica
(uncountable) The skin of a sheep, especially when used to make parchment or in bookbinding.

sheer /ʃɪɹ/ /ˈʃɪə/ more sheer most sheer sheerer sheerest adj
przezroczysty
(textiles) Very thin or transparent.
urwisty
Very steep; almost vertical or perpendicular.

sheet /ʃit/ /ʃiːt/ sheets n
arkusz kartka
A piece of paper, usually rectangular, that has been prepared for writing, artwork, drafting, wrapping, manufacture of packaging (boxes, envelopes, etc.), and for other uses. The word does not include scraps and irregular small pieces destined to be recycled, used for stuffing or cushioning or paper mache, etc. In modern books, each sheet of paper is typically folded in half, to produce two leaves and four pages. In the absence of folding, "leaf" and "sheet" are equivalent.
arkusz
A thin, flat layer of solid material.

sheet metal sheet metals n
blacha
Metal worked into a thin, flat sheet, used widely as construction material and raw material for a multitude of industrial products. It is thicker than foil and thinner than plate.

sheet music n
partytura
Handwritten or printed form of musical notation.

sheet protector sheet protectors n
koszulka
A clear plastic sleeve for documents.

sheik /ʃeɪk/ /ʃik/ sheiks n
szejk
The leader of an Arab village, family or small tribe.

sheikdom /ˈʃeɪkdəm/ /ˈʃiːkdəm/ sheikdoms n
szejkanat

shekel /ˈʃɛkəl/ shekalim shekels n
szekel
A currency unit of both ancient and modern Israel.
sykl szekel
(historical) An ancient unit of weight equivalent to one-fiftieth of a mina.

shelf /ʃɛlf/ shelves n
półka regał
A flat, rigid structure, fixed at right angles to a wall or forming a part of a cabinet, desk, etc., and used to display, store, or support objects.

shelf life shelf lives n
trwałość
The length of time a product (especially food and drugs) will last without deteriorating or without being sold.

shell /ʃɛl/ shells n
pancerz
(entomology) The exoskeleton or wing covers of certain insects.
skorupa
The calcareous or chitinous external covering of mollusks, crustaceans, and some other invertebrates.
The conjoined scutes that constitute the "shell" (carapace) of a tortoise or turtle.
skorupka
A hard external covering of an animal.
One of the outer layers of skin of an onion.
plewa
(in the plural) Husks of cacao seeds, a decoction of which is sometimes used as a substitute or adulterant for cocoa and its products such as chocolate.
strączek strąk
A pod containing the seeds of certain plants, such as the legume Phaseolus vulgaris.
łuska
(weaponry) The casing of a self-contained single-unit artillery projectile.
pocisk
(weaponry) A hollow, usually spherical or cylindrical projectile fired from a siege mortar or a smoothbore cannon. It contains an explosive substance designed to be ignited by a fuse or by percussion at the target site so that it will burst and scatter at high velocity its contents and fragments. Formerly called a bomb.
łupina
(weaponry) The cartridge of a breechloading firearm; a load; a bullet; a round.
powłoka walencyjna
(chemistry) A set of atomic orbitals that have the same principal quantum number.
skorupa powłoka
(computing) An operating system software user interface, whose primary purpose is to launch other programs and control their interactions; the user's command interpreter. Shell is a way to separate the internal complexity of the implementation of the command from the user. The internals can change while the user experience/interface remains the same.
spółka wydmuszka
(business) A legal entity that has no operations.

shell company shell companies n
spółka wydmuszka
(law, business) A company that engages in no substantive business activities, but instead exists as a vehicle for legal or financial transactions, typically to shield another party from liability or other issues.

shell ginger shell gingers n
alpinia
An East Asian plant related to ginger, Alpinia zerumbet, grown for its showy flowers, which are shell-pink on the outside and intensely orange and red on the inside.

shell out v
bulić
(informal, ambitransitive) To pay money, to disburse; especially, to pay a great deal of money.

shellac /ʃəˈlæk/ shellacs n
szelak gumilaka
A processed secretion of the lac insect, Coccus lacca; used in polishes, varnishes etc.

shellfish /ˈʃɛl.fɪʃ/ [ʃɛɫˑfɪʃ] shellfish shellfishes n
skorupiak
A culinary and nutritional term for several groups of non-piscine, non-tetrapod, aquatic animals that are used as a food source. The term often exclusively refers to edible aquatic crustaceans, bivalve mollusks and cephalopod mollusks; but sometimes echinoderms may be included as well.

shellless adj
bezskorupowy

shelter /ˈʃɛltə/ /ˈʃɛltɚ/ shelters n
schronienie przytułek schronisko
A refuge, haven or other cover or protection from something.

sheltered workshop sheltered workshops n
zakład pracy chronionej

sheltron /ˈʃɛltɹən/ sheltrons n
schiltron
(now, chiefly, historical) A compact body of troops forming a battle array or phalanx, especially such a body of Scottish troops armed with pikes during the Wars of Scottish Independence in the late 13th and early 14th centuries.

shelve /ʃɛlv/ v
odkładać na półkę
To place (something) on a shelf; especially, to place or arrange (books) on a bookshelf.

shemale /ˈʃi.meɪl/ shemales n
shemale
(offensive, proscribed, especially, in, _, pornography) A male-to-female transsexual or transgender person; a trans woman.

shenanigans /-ɡənz/ /ˌʃəˈnæ.nə.ɡɪnz/ /ˌʃɪˈnæn.ɪɡ.(ə)nz/ n
błazenada błazeństwo
(uncountable) Mischievous play, especially by children. [from mid 19th c.]
machlojka
(uncountable) Deceitful tricks; trickery; games. [from mid 19th c.]

shepherd /ˈʃɛpəd/ /ˈʃɛpɚd/ shepherdess shepherds n
pasterz owczarz baraniarz pastuch
A person who tends sheep, especially a grazing flock.

shepherd's purse n
tasznik
An edible weed, Capsella bursa-pastoris, family Brassicaceae, native to Europe but now found world-wide.

shepherdess shepherd shepherdesses n
pasterka pastuszka
A female shepherd.

sherbet /ˈʃɜːbət/ /ˈʃɜːbɪt/ /ˈʃɝbət/ /ˈʃɝbɚt/ /ˈʃɝbɪt/ sherbets n
sorbet
A dessert of frozen fruit juice with a dairy product such as milk added; a sorbet with dairy ingredients.

sheriff /ˈʃɛɹəf/ /ˈʃɛɹɪf/ sheriffs n
szeryf
(US) A government official, usually responsible for law enforcement in their county and for administration of the county jail, sometimes an officer of the court, usually elected.

sherry /ˈʃɛɹi/ sherries n
sherry
(uncountable) A fortified wine produced in Jerez de la Frontera in Spain, or a similar wine produced elsewhere.

shh /ʃ̩ː/ interjection
ciii sza
Requesting silence.

shibboleth /ˈʃɪbəlɛθ/ shibboleths n
szybolet
A particular pronunciation or custom that is regarded as distinguishing members of a group from non-members, especially when used as a test.

shield /ʃiːld/ shields n
osłona tarcza
Anything that protects or defends; defense; shelter; protection.
pole siłowe tarcza
(science fiction) A field of energy that protects or defends.
tarcza szczyt
A broad piece of defensive armor, held in hand, formerly in general use in war, for the protection of the body.

shield /ʃiːld/ v
osłaniać
(ambitransitive) To protect, to defend.
ekranować zaekranować
(electricity) To protect from the influence of.

shield volcano shield volcanoes shield volcanos n
wulkan tarczowy
(vulcanology) A large volcano, with shallow-sloping sides and a flattened dome, formed of successive eruptions of free-flowing lava from fissure vents.

shieldmaiden shieldmaidens n
tarczowniczka
(Norse mythology) A female virgin who had chosen to fight as a warrior in battle.

shift /ʃɪft/ shifts n
przesunięcie
An act of shifting; a slight movement or change.
(computing) An instance of the use of such a code or character.
zmiana
A change of workers, now specifically a set group of workers or period of working time.

shift /ʃɪft/ v
przesuwać
(transitive, sometimes, figurative) To move from one place to another; to redistribute.

shiitake /ʃiːˈtɑːkeɪ/ /ʃɪˈtɑkeɪ/ /ʃɪˈtɑki/ /ʃɪˈtɑːkeɪ/ shiitake shiitakes n
shiitake twardnik japoński twardziak jadalny twardziak japoński
A wide, brown variety of edible mushroom, Lentinula edodes.

shiksa /ˈʃɪksə/ shiksas n
siksa sziksa
(Judaism, often, derogatory) A non-Jewish girl, especially one who is attractive and young.

shilajit n
mumio
A tar-like substance used in traditional medicine.

shill /ʃɪl/ shills n
słup
A person paid to endorse a product while pretending to be impartial.

shilling /ˈʃɪlɪŋ/ shillings n
szyling
(historical) A coin formerly used in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Malta, Australia, New Zealand and many other Commonwealth countries worth twelve old pence, or one twentieth of a pound sterling.
The currency of Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania and Uganda.

shin /ʃɪn/ shins n
goleń
The front part of the leg below the knee; the front edge of the shin bone: w:Shinbone on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

shin pad shin pads n
nagolennik
A protective piece of clothing worn over the shin.

shinbone shinbones n
kość piszczelowa
(anatomy) The inner and usually the larger of the two bones of the leg or hind limb below the knee

shindig /ˈʃɪn.dɪɡ/ shindigs n
biesiada
A noisy party or festivities.

shine /ʃaɪn/ /ʃaːɪn/ shines n
blask
Brightness from a source of light.
Brightness from reflected light.
Excellence in quality or appearance; splendour.

shine /ʃaɪn/ /ʃaːɪn/ v
świecić błyszczeć błyszczeć się
(intransitive, copulative) To emit or reflect light so as to glow.
błyszczeć
(intransitive, copulative) To distinguish oneself; to excel.
błyskotać błyszczeć lśnić
(transitive) To cause to shine, as a light or by reflected light.

shingle /ˈʃɪŋ.ɡəl/ shingles n
gont szyndzioł
A small, thin piece of building material, often with one end thicker than the other, for laying in overlapping rows as a covering for the roof or sides of a building.

shingles /ˈʃɪŋɡəlz/ n
półpasiec
(disease, informal) Herpes zoster, caused by Human herpes virus 3, in genus Varicellovirus.

shiny /ˈʃaɪ.ni/ more shiny most shiny shinier shiniest adj
błyszczący
Reflecting light.

ship /ʃɪp/ ships n
statek okręt korab
(nautical) A water-borne vessel generally larger than a boat.

ship /ʃɪp/ v
shipować
(fandom) To support or approve of a fictional romantic relationship between two characters, typically in fan fiction or other fandom contexts.

ship in a bottle /ˌʃɪp ɪn ə ˈbɑtəl/ /ˌʃɪp ɪn ə ˈbɒtl̩/ [-ɾəl] ships in a bottle ships in bottles n
statek w butelce
An ornament consisting of a model ship inside a glass bottle, usually one with a narrow neck which makes it difficult to see how the ship was put in place.

ship of state n
rządy

ship of the desert ships of the desert n
okręt pustyni

ship of the line ships of the line n
okręt liniowy
(nautical, military) A large square-rigged warship large enough to have a place in the line of battle, with up to 140 guns on at least two decks. A capital ship from the age of sail, superior to a frigate; usually, a seventy-four, or three-decker.

ship's boat ship's boats n
szalupa
a utility boat carried by a larger vessel

shipbuilding shipbuildings n
okrętownictwo
(uncountable, nautical) The construction of ships.
A construction of a ship.

shipment /ˈʃɪpmənt/ shipments n
przesyłka transport
a load of goods that is transported by any method (not just by ship)

shipowner shipowners n
armator
(nautical) Someone who owns a ship.

shipwreck /ˈʃɪpɹɛk/ shipwrecks n
wrak
A ship that has sunk or run aground so that it is no longer seaworthy.

shipyard shipyards n
stocznia
A place where ships are built and repaired.

shire /ʃaɪ(ə)ɹ/ /ʃaɪə/ shires n
hrabstwo
(chiefly, historical) An administrative area or district between about the 5th to the 11th century, subdivided into hundreds or wapentakes and jointly governed by an ealdorman and a sheriff; also, a present-day area corresponding to such a historical district; a county; especially (England) , a county having a name ending in -shire.
(Australia, often, attributive) An outer suburban or rural local government area which elects its own council.

shire town shire towns n
stolica hrabstwa

shirt /ʃəːɾʈ/ /ʃəːʈ/ /ʃɜːt/ /ʃɝt/ shirts n
koszula
An article of clothing that is worn on the upper part of the body, and often has sleeves, either long or short, that cover the arms.

shish kebab /ˈʃɪʃkəbɑb/ /ˌʃɪʃkəˈbæb/ shish kebabs n
szaszłyk
A dish made of small pieces of meat, with or without vegetables, which are skewered on a wooden or metal stick and roasted in an oven or over an open fire.

shit /ʃɪt/ more shit most shit shitter shittest adj
gówniany
(vulgar, colloquial) Of poor quality; worthless.

shit /ʃɪt/ interjection
dupa! kurwa!
(vulgar) Expression of worry, failure, shock, etc., often at something seen for the first time or remembered immediately before using this term.

shit /ʃɪt/ shits n
gówno łajno
(countable, uncountable, colloquial, vulgar) Solid excretory product evacuated from the bowels; feces.
gówno kupa
(uncountable, vulgar, colloquial) Rubbish; worthless matter.
gówno
(uncountable, vulgar, colloquial) Nonsense; bullshit.
(countable, vulgar, colloquial) A nasty, despicable person, used particularly of men.
(uncountable, slang, vulgar) Anything exceptional or remarkable.
srać
(countable, vulgar, colloquial) The smallest amount of concern or consideration.

shit /ʃɪt/ v
srać wysrać
(transitive, vulgar, colloquial) To excrete (something) through the anus.
srać
(transitive, reflexive) To defecate on; to soil through defecating.

shit hot /ʃɪt hɑt/ adj
zajebisty
(vulgar, colloquial) brilliant or exceptional, especially as a measure of attractiveness

shit oneself v
obsrać się posrać się
(vulgar, slang, figurative) To be very frightened or astonished (to the extent that one might lose control of one's bowels).

shitfaced more shitfaced most shitfaced adj
nabzdryngolony najebany napierdolony
(slang, vulgar) Very drunk.

shithead /ˈʃɪt.hɛd/ shitheads n
gówniara gówniarz
(countable, pejorative, slang, vulgar) A stupid or contemptible person.

shithole /ˈʃɪt.hoʊl/ shitholes n
zadupie
A very dirty, poor, and unpleasant place.

shithouse shithouses n
sracz

shitling shitlings n
gówniak
(literal, figurative, slang, vulgar) A little shit (all senses); (by extension) A child.

shitload shitloads n
pierdyliard pierdylion w chuj w pizdu
(vulgar, slang) A large amount.

shits /ʃɪts/ n
sraczka
(colloquial, vulgar) .

shitstorm shitstorms n
burdel meksyk sajgon
(slang, pejorative, vulgar) A chaotic and unpleasant or violent situation.
chryja gównoburza
(idiomatic, vulgar) Considerable backlash from the public.

shitting /ˈʃɪtɪŋ/ adj
cholerny zasrany
(vulgar) An intensifier, often applying more to the whole utterance than to the specific word it modifies; same as fucking.

shitty /ˈʃɪti/ [ˈʃɪɾi] shittier shittiest adj
gówniany chujowy zasrany
(vulgar, colloquial) Very bad; unpleasant; miserable; insignificant.
zasrany
(vulgar) Covered in faeces/feces; feculent.
gówniany chujowy
(informal, vulgar) Of low quality or standard; inferior; not up to par, or failing one's expectations

shive /ʃaɪv/ shives n
paździerze
A splinter or fragment of the woody core of flax or hemp broken off in braking or scutching

shiver /ˈʃɪvə/ /ˈʃɪvɚ/ shivers n
drżenie
The act of shivering.

shiver /ˈʃɪvə/ /ˈʃɪvɚ/ v
drżeć
To tremble or shake, especially when cold or frightened.
(nautical, transitive) To cause to shake or tremble, as a sail, by steering close to the wind.

shock /ʃɑk/ /ʃɒk/ /ʃɔk/ shocks n
porażenie
(medicine) Electric shock, a sudden burst of electrical energy hitting a person or animal.
szok
(figuratively) Something so surprising that it is stunning.
wstrząs
(medicine) Circulatory shock, a medical emergency characterized by the inability of the circulatory system to supply enough oxygen to meet tissue requirements.
A sudden, heavy impact.

shock /ʃɑk/ /ʃɒk/ /ʃɔk/ v
szokować zaszokować
(transitive) To cause to be emotionally shocked; to cause (someone) to feel surprised and upset.

shock absorber shock absorbers n
amortyzator
(mechanical engineering) A mechanical device designed to smooth out or damp any sudden shock impulse and dissipate kinetic energy; usually consists of a combination of a spring and a dashpot.

shock absorption n
amortyzacja

shock wave shock waves n
fala uderzeniowa
(physics) A powerful compression wave produced by the movement of a body through a fluid or gas at a velocity greater than the local speed of sound.

shocked /ʃɒkt/ more shocked most shocked adj
zaskoczony zaszokowany zszokowany
Surprised, startled, confused, or taken aback, particularly when also indignant.

shocking /ˈʃɑkɪŋ/ /ˈʃɒkɪŋ/ more shocking most shocking adj
szokujący wstrząsający
Inspiring shock; startling.

shod /ʃɑd/ /ʃɒd/ adj
obuty podkuty
Wearing shoes.

shoddy /ʃɒdi/ shoddier shoddiest adj
partacki kiepski lichy marny tandetny
Of poor quality or construction

shoe /ʃu/ /ʃuː/ shoen shoes shoon n
but
A protective covering for the foot, with a bottom part composed of thick leather or plastic sole and often a thicker heel, and a softer upper part made of leather or synthetic material. Shoes generally do not extend above the ankle, as opposed to boots, which do.
Something resembling a shoe in form, position, or function, such as a brake shoe.

shoe /ʃu/ /ʃuː/ v
podkuwać podkuć
(transitive) To put shoes on someone or something else's feet, especially to put horseshoes on a horse.

shoe insert shoe inserts n
wkładka do buta wkładka do butów

shoe polish shoe polishes n
pasta do butów pasta wiksa
A product rubbed onto shoes to make them shine.

shoe tree shoe trees n
prawidło
A device approximating the shape of a foot that is placed inside a shoe when it is being stored to preserve its shape and extend the life of the shoe.

shoebill /ˈʃu.bɪl/ shoebills n
trzewikodziób
Balaeniceps rex, a tall wading bird related to the stork, native to tropical African swamps; the sole species of the family Balaenicipitidae.

shoehorn /ˈʃuːˌhɔɹn/ /ˈʃuːˌhɔː(ɹ)n/ shoehorns n
łyżka do butów
A smooth tool that assists in putting the foot into a shoe, by sliding the heel in after the toe is in place. This reduces discomfort and damage to the back of the shoe. By slipping it into the back of the shoe behind the heel, the user prevents the heel from squashing down the back of the shoe and causing difficulty; instead the heel slides down the smooth shoehorn, which then comes out easily once the foot is in place.

shoelace /ˈʃuːˌleɪs/ shoelaces n
sznurowadło sznurówka
A lace used for fastening a shoe.

shoemaker shoemakers n
szewc szewczyni
A person who makes shoes

shoeshine shoeshines n
glansowanie
The act of polishing shoes.
glans
The shiny finish on shoes that have been polished.

shoeshiner shoeshiners n
czyścibut pucybut
A person who shines shoes and other footwear, usually for a fee.

shofar /ˈʃaʊ̯fɔʁ/ /ˈʃoʊ̯fɑɹ/ /ˈʃoʊ̯fɚ/ /ˈʃɔɪ̯fɚ/ /ˈʃəɪ̯fɚ/ /ˈʃəʊ̯fə/ /ˈʃɛɪ̯fɚ/ shofarot shofaroth shofars shofroth n
szofar szałfer
(Judaism) A ram’s-horn trumpet.

shogi /ˈʃoʊɡiː/ n
siogi
Japanese chess; a board game similar to chess, invented and traditionally played in Japan.

shogun /ˈʃəʊɡʌn/ shogun shoguns n
szogun siogun shogun
The supreme generalissimo of feudal Japan.

shogunate shogunates n
szogunat siogunat
(historical) The administration of a shogun.

shoo /ʃuː/ interjection
sio a kysz afe
(informal, demeaning) Go away! Clear off!

shoo /ʃuː/ v
pogonić
(transitive, informal) To induce someone or something to leave.

shoot /ʃuːt/ interjection
kurcze! kurde!
A mild expletive, expressing disbelief or disdain

shoot /ʃuːt/ shoots n
pęd
The emerging stem and embryonic leaves of a new plant.
sesja
A photography session.

shoot /ʃuːt/ v
strzelać strzelić
(intransitive) To cause a weapon to discharge a projectile.
(intransitive) To discharge a missile; said of a weapon.
(transitive) To fire (a weapon that releases a projectile).
(transitive) To fire a projectile at (a person or target).
(transitive) To penetrate, like a missile; to dart with a piercing sensation.
strzelać postrzelić wystrzelić
To send out or forth, especially with a rapid or sudden motion; to cast with the hand; to hurl; to discharge; to emit.
strzelać
To protrude; to jut; to project; to extend.

shoot down v
zestrzeliwać zestrzelić
(transitive) To cause to fall by shooting.

shoot from the hip v
gadać co ślina na język przyniesie
(figuratively) To speak or act quickly based on first impressions, without carefully studying the background information, wider context, etc.

shoot one's mouth off v
gadać, co ślina na język przyniesie
(slang) To make reckless or exaggerated statements.

shoot oneself in the foot v
grabić sobie strzelać sobie w stopę strzelić sobie w stopę
(idiomatic) To act against one's own interests; to unintentionally behave self-destructively.

shoot the breeze v
gadać
(idiomatic, US) To chat idly or generally waste time talking.

shoot the messenger v
strzelać do posłańca
(idiomatic) To blame a problem on whoever reported it; to hold somebody accountable for a problem because they brought attention to it.

shooter /ˈʃuːtə(ɹ)/ shooters n
strzelec
Someone who shoots something; a gunner, archer, etc.
(craps) The player throwing the dice.
(slang) An associate willing to act in one's defence or to act against one's enemies, especially by force.
(by extension) A loyal advocate or fan.
(professional wrestling, _, slang) A professional wrestler who uses actual fighting moves as part of his style, or who speaks his mind during a live or televised event (instead of speaking from a script).
A large marble used for knocking smaller marbles out of a chalk circle.
An alcoholic beverage typically served in a shot glass.
(rare) A shooting star.
(alternative medicine) A device supposed to accumulate orgone.
strzelec spluwa
(slang) A firearm.
strzelec strzelanka
A video game in which shooting enemies (or targets) is the main objective.

shooting /ˈʃuːtɪŋ/ shootings n
strzelanie palba
(countable) An instance of shooting with a gun or other weapon.

shooting range shooting ranges n
strzelnica
A facility designed for firearms practice.

shooting star shooting stars n
spadająca gwiazda
A meteor, especially a streak of light in the night sky, caused by a meteoroid burning up as it enters the Earth’s atmosphere.

shootout /ˈʃuːtaʊt/ shootouts n
strzelanina
A decisive battle, especially a gunfight.

shop /ʃɑp/ /ʃɒp/ shops n
sklep skład
An establishment that sells goods or services to the public; originally only a physical location, but now a virtual establishment as well.
warsztat
A place where things are manufactured or crafted; a workshop.

shop /ʃɑp/ /ʃɒp/ v
robić zakupy zrobić zakupy
(intransitive) To visit stores or shops to browse or explore merchandise, especially with the intention of buying such merchandise.

shop assistant shop assistants n
sprzedawca sprzedawczyni
An employee in a shop, a shopkeeper.

shop window shop windows n
wystawa okno witryna
A large window at the front of a shop, behind which items for sale are displayed.

shopaholic shopaholics n
zakupoholik
One who shops excessively; a shopping addict.
Common term applied to someone suffering from oniomania.

shopaholism n
zakupoholizm
Addiction to shopping; the condition of a shopaholic.

shopkeeper /ˈʃɒpkiːpɚ/ shopkeepers n
sklepikarz
A trader who sells goods in a shop, or by retail, in distinction from one who sells by wholesale, or sells door to door.

shopping /ˈʃɑpɪŋ/ /ˈʃɒpɪŋ/ shoppings n
shopping sprawunki zakupy
The process of buying goods or services, or searching for those suitable to buy.
zakupy
Recently bought goods.

shopping basket shopping baskets n
koszyk
(internet) A page on a shopping website where one's prospective purchases are listed before payment.

shopping cart /ˈʃɑpɪŋ kɑɹt/ shopping carts n
wózek sklepowy wózek
(US, Philippines) A conveyance used to carry groceries and other items while shopping in a store.

shopping centre shopping centres n
centrum handlowe galeria handlowa
(British, AU) A large retail outlet consisting of several shops.

shopping list shopping lists n
lista zakupów
A list, written on e.g. a piece of paper, of items that need to be bought.

shopping spree shopping sprees n
szał zakupowy szał zakupów
A period of intense and indulgent shopping involving many purchases.

shopska salad n
sałatka szopska

shore /ʃo(ː)ɹ/ /ʃoə/ /ʃɔɹ/ /ʃɔː/ shores n
brzeg
(from the perspective of one on a body of water) Land, usually near a port.

shore up /ˈʃɔɹ‿ʌp/ /ˈʃɔːɹ‿ʌp/ v
podeprzeć podpierać wspierać podtrzymać podtrzymywać wesprzeć
(transitive, often, figuratively) To reinforce or strengthen (something at risk of failure).

shorebird shorebirds n
ptak znad wybrzeża
A bird, or species of birds, that is found near the edge of bodies of water.

shoreless adj
bezbrzeżny

shorelessly adv
bezbrzeżnie bezgranicznie

short /ʃoɹt/ /ʃoːt/ /ʃɔːt/ /ʃɔːɹt/ /ˈʃoːrt/ /ˈʃoːɻt/ /ˈʃɒːɹt/ [ʃɑɹt] shorter shortest adj
krótki
Having a small distance from one end or edge to another, either horizontally or vertically.
Having little duration.
niski krótki
(of a person) Of comparatively small height.

short circuit short circuits n
zwarcie spięcie
(electrical engineering) A usually unintentional connection of low resistance or impedance in a circuit such that excessive and often damaging current flows in it.

short circuit v
spiąć zewrzeć
(transitive) To cause a short circuit in.

short film short films n
film krótkometrażowy
Any motion picture not long enough to be considered a feature film.

short message service n
SMS

short of phraseologicalUnit
brakować
Insufficiently equipped with.

short reckonings make long friends proverb
oddaj pożyczone pieniądze jak najszybciej

short story short stories n
opowiadanie opowiadanko opowiastka powiastka
A work of fiction that is shorter than a novella.

short-billed dowitcher short-billed dowitchers n
szlamiec krótkodzioby
a long-legged and long-billed migratory wading bird, Limnodromus griseus

short-eared owl short-eared owls n
błotnica uszatka błotna
A species of owl, Asio flammeus.

short-legged more short-legged most short-legged adj
krótkonogi
Having short legs, particularly in proportion to one's body.

short-tailed hawk short-tailed hawks n
myszołów krótkoogonowy
(Buteo brachyurus), an American bird of prey in the family Accipitridae

short-term shorter-term shortest-term adj
krótkoterminowy
of or pertaining to the near or immediate future.

short-term memory n
pamięć krótkotrwała

short-termism n
krótkoterminowość
Concentration on obtaining immediate profit at the expense of long-term security.

short-toed snake eagle short-toed snake eagles n
gadożer
Circaetus gallicus, a medium-sized bird of prey in the family Accipitridae.

short-toed treecreeper short-toed treecreepers n
pełzacz ogrodowy
Certhia brachydactyla, a species of bird in the family Certhiidae.

shortcoming /ˈʃoːtˌkʌmɪŋ/ /ˈʃɔɹtˌkʌmɪŋ/ /ˈʃɔːtˌkʌmɪŋ/ [ˈʃɑɹtˌkʌmɪŋ] shortcomings n
niedociągnięcie uchybienie
A deficiency or falling short; failure to attain a goal or ideal.

shortcut /ˈʃoɹtˌkʌt/ /ˈʃoːt.kat/ /ˈʃɔːtkʌt/ [ˈʃoːʔ.kat] [ˈʃoːʔ.kaʔ] shortcuts n
skrót
A path between two points that is faster than the commonly used paths.
(computing, in the Microsoft family of operating systems) A file that points to the location of another file and serves as a quick way to access it.

shorten /ˈʃɔɹtən/ /ˈʃɔːtən/ v
skracać skrócić
(transitive) To make shorter; to abbreviate.

shortfall shortfalls n
zadyszka
An instance of falling short, of not meeting a quota, an obligation, or more generally any expected target.
brak niedobór niedostatek
The amount by which such a quota, obligation, etc., was missed.

shorthaired more shorthaired most shorthaired adj
krótkowłosy
Having short hair.

shortish adj
krótkawy przykrótki
Somewhat short; moderately short.

shortly /ʃɔːɹtli/ adv
wkrótce
In a short or brief time or manner; quickly.

shortness of breath n
duszność
difficulty in breathing; dyspnea

shorts /ʃɔː(ɹ)ts/ n
szorty
pants or trousers worn for sports or in warmer weather that do not go lower than the knees.

shorty /ˈʃoɹ.ti/ /ˈʃɔː.ti/ pronoun
knypek kurdupel
(AAVE, slang) she or her, especially of a younger woman

shot /ʃɑt/ /ʃɒt/ /ʃɔt/ shots n
strzał
The result of launching a projectile or bullet.
(sports) The act of launching a ball or similar object toward a goal.
kula
(countable, athletics) The heavy iron ball used for the shot put.
śrut
(uncountable) Small metal balls used as ammunition.
kręcenie
(photography, film) A single snapshot or an unbroken sequence of photographic film exposures, or the digital equivalent; an unedited sequence of frames.
zastrzyk
(medicine) A vaccination or injection.

shot put shot puts n
pchnięcie kulą
(athletics, uncountable) An athletics event where a competitor must hurl a heavy metal orb ("shot") as far as possible. Because of the weight of the ball this is done with a pushing ("putting") motion rather than a throwing motion.

shot-putter shot-putters n
kulomiot kulomiotka
(athletics) An athlete who competes in the shot put.

shotgun /ˈʃɑtɡʌn/ /ˈʃɒtɡʌn/ shotguns n
strzelba
(firearms) A gun which fires loads typically consisting of small metal balls, called shot, from a cartridge.

should /ʃuːld/ /ʃəd/ /ʃʊd/ /ʃʊld/ v
powinien powinna powinno
(auxiliary) Ought to; expressing expectation.

shoulder /ˈʃoʊɫdɚ/ /ˈʃəʊɫdə/ shoulders n
bark ramię
(anatomy) The joint between the arm and the torso, sometimes including the surrounding muscles, tendons, and ligaments.
pobocze
The part of a key between the cuts and the bow.Parts of a Yale lock-type key

shoulder blade shoulder blades n
łopatka
Either of the large flat bones at the back of the shoulder.

shoulder-to-shoulder adv
ramię w ramię
Whilst closely cooperating.

shoulders /ˈʃoʊldɚz/ /ˈʃəʊldəz/ n
brać na barki dźwigać na barkach składać na barki spadać na barki spaść na barki spoczywać na barkach
Capacity for bearing a task or blame.

shout /ʃaʊt/ /ʃʌʊt/ shouts n
krzyk
A loud burst of voice or voices; a violent and sudden outcry, especially that of a multitude expressing joy, triumph, exultation, anger, or great effort.

shout /ʃaʊt/ /ʃʌʊt/ v
krzyczeć
(intransitive) To utter a sudden and loud cry, as in joy, triumph, exultation or anger, or to attract attention, to animate others, etc.
(transitive) To utter with a shout; to cry; to shout out
(transitive, obsolete) To treat with shouts or clamor.

shout from the rooftops v
rozgłaszać na cały świat rozgłosić na cały świat
(ambitransitive) To announce eagerly and widely; to proclaim.

shout out shouts out n
pozdrowienie
act of giving such an acknowledgement

shout out v
pozdrawiać pozdrowić
To publicly greet or acknowledge a person, group, or organization.

shove /ʃʌv/ v
popchnąć
(transitive) To push, especially roughly or with force.

shove it up your ass v
chuj ci w dupę wsadź to sobie w dupę
(idiomatic, colloquial, vulgar, in the imperative) An exclamation of extreme anger, disgust, hatred; often accompanied by an obscene gesture.

shovel /ˈʃʌv(ə)l/ /ˈʃʌvl̩/ shovels n
łopata
A hand tool with a handle, used for moving portions of material such as earth, snow, and grain from one place to another, with some forms also used for digging. Not to be confused with a spade, which is designed solely for small-scale digging and incidental tasks such as chopping of small roots.

show /ʃoʊ/ /ʃəʊ/ shows n
show
(countable) An exhibition of items.
pokaz wystawa
(countable) A broadcast program, especially a light entertainment program.

show /ʃoʊ/ /ʃəʊ/ v
pokazywać pokazać
(transitive) To display, to have somebody see (something).
(intransitive) To be visible; to be seen; to appear.
pokazywać
(transitive) To indicate (a fact) to be true; to demonstrate.

show of force shows of force n
pokaz siły

show of hands shows of hands n
głosowanie przez podniesienie ręki
A vote in which people raise a hand in order to state their agreement with something.

show off v
paradować popisywać się produkować się
(transitive, and, intransitive, idiomatic) To attract attention to for the purpose of bragging or personal exhibitionism; to demonstrate a skill, talent or property for the purpose of bragging or personal exhibitionism.

show one's cards v
wykładać karty na stół wyłożyć karty na stół
(idiomatic) To reveal something known to oneself but previously concealed from others, especially regarding one's own plans or resources.

show one's true colors v
pokazać prawdziwą twarz pokazywać prawdziwą twarz
To reveal how one really is, as opposed to how one has been portrayed or after having been deceptively and deliberately misleading.

show someone the door v
pokazać drzwi wypraszać wyprosić
(idiomatic) To escort someone to the exit of the premises; to expel someone from a room, gathering, etc.

show the cloven foot v
pokazać swoje prawdziwe oblicze pokazywać swoje prawdziwe oblicze
(intransitive) To reveal a devilish character or an evil purpose, despite attempts to disguise it.

show trial show trials n
proces pokazowy
(legal) A trial held for appearance's sake, but whose verdict is predetermined, especially a "guilty" verdict with the purpose of making an example of the accused. [1937]

show up v
pojawiać się pojawić się zjawiać się zjawić się
(transitive) To make visible; to expose.

showbusiness /ˈʃoʊˌbɪznɪs/ n
show-biznes
The entertainment industry.

showcase /ˈʃoʊˌkeɪs/ /ˈʃəʊˌkeɪs/ showcases n
gablota
A case for displaying merchandise or valuable items.
witryna
A setting, occasion, or medium for exhibiting something or someone, especially in an attractive or favorable aspect.

showdown showdowns n
ostateczna rozgrywka
The final battle between two nemeses, in which there can be but one victor.

shower /ˈʃaʊ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈʃaʊ.ɚ/ showers n
deszcz kapuśniak
A brief fall of precipitation (spell of rain, or a similar fall of snow, sleet, or cascade).
prysznic natrysk
An instance of using of this device in order to bathe oneself.

shower /ˈʃaʊ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈʃaʊ.ɚ/ v
brać prysznic wziąć prysznic
To bathe using a shower.

shower curtain shower curtains n
zasłona prysznicowa
A waterproof curtain which hangs by the shower, to prevent water splashing from the shower.

shower gel shower gels n
żel pod prysznic
A commercial gel soap, used to wash oneself, especially in the shower.

showy /ˈʃoʊ.i/ /ˈʃəʊ.i/ showier showiest adj
na pokaz
(sometimes, derogatory) Calling attention; flashy; standing out to the eye.
Making a striking or aesthetically pleasing display.

shrapnel /ˈʃɹæpnəl/ shrapnels n
szrapnel
(military, historical) The bullets from the aforementioned type of artillery shell.
(military) Shot, fragments, or debris thrown out by an exploding shell, bomb or landmine.

shred /ʃɹɛd/ shreds n
kawałek
A fragment of something; a particle; a piece; also, a very small amount.
strzęp
A long, narrow piece (especially of fabric) cut or torn off; a strip; specifically, a piece of cloth or clothing.

shred /ʃɹɛd/ v
drzeć podrzeć
To cut or tear (something) into long, narrow pieces or strips.

shredder /ʃɹɛdə(ɹ)/ shredders n
niszczarka
A machine that tears up objects into smaller pieces, especially a paper shredder, garbage shredder or gardening or farming shredder.

shrew /ʃɹuː/ shrews n
ryjówka
Any of numerous small, mouselike, chiefly nocturnal, mammals of the family Soricidae (order Soricomorpha).
hetera sekutnica zołza
(pejorative) An ill-tempered, nagging woman: a scold.

shrewd /ʃɹuːd/ shrewder shrewdest adj
chytry cwany
Artful, tricky or cunning.

shrewdly more shrewdly most shrewdly adv
chytrze
In a shrewd manner.

shriek /ʃɹiːk/ shrieks n
krzyk
A sharp, shrill outcry or scream; a shrill wild cry such as is caused by sudden or extreme terror, pain, or the like.

shriek /ʃɹiːk/ v
krzyczeć krzyknąć
(intransitive) To utter a loud, sharp, shrill sound or cry, as do some birds and beasts; to scream, as in a sudden fright, in horror or anguish.

shrike /ʃɹaɪk/ shrikes n
dzierzba srokosz
Any of various passerine birds of the family Laniidae which are known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns.

shrimp /ʃɹɪmp/ shrimp shrimps n
krewetka
(uncountable) The flesh of such crustaceans.
kurdupel
(slang) A small, puny or unimportant person.

shrine /ʃɹaɪ̯n/ shrines n
świątynia miejsce kultu
A holy or sacred place dedicated to a specific deity, ancestor, hero, martyr, saint, or similar figure of awe and respect, at which said figure is venerated or worshipped.

shrink /ˈʃɹɪŋk/ v
kurczyć się
(intransitive) To become smaller; to contract.

shrinking violet /-lɪt/ /ˈʃɹɪŋkɪŋ ˈvaɪlət/ /ˈʃɹɪŋkɪŋ ˈvaɪələt/ shrinking violets n
trusia
(idiomatic) A very shy or timid person, who avoids contact with others if possible. [from early 19th c.]

shrive /ˈʃɹaɪv/ v
spowiadać wyspowiadać
(religion, transitive, and, intransitive) To hear or receive a confession (of sins etc.).

shroud /ʃɹaʊd/ shrouds n
całun
Especially, the dress for the dead; a winding sheet.
wanta
(nautical) One of a set of ropes or cables (rigging) attaching a mast to the sides of a vessel or to another anchor point, serving to support the mast sideways; such rigging collectively.

shrub /ʃɹʌb/ shrubs n
krzew krzak kierzek
A woody plant smaller than a tree, and usually with several stems from the same base.

shrug /ʃɹʌɡ/ shrugs n
wzruszenie ramionami
A lifting of the shoulders to signal indifference or a casual lack of knowledge.
A cropped, cardigan-like garment with short or long sleeves, typically knitted.

shrug /ʃɹʌɡ/ v
wzruszać ramionami wzruszyć ramionami
(ambitransitive) To raise (the shoulders) to express uncertainty, lack of concern, (formerly) dread, etc.

shtetl /ˈʃtɛt(ə)l/ shtetlach shtetlech shtetlekh shtetls n
sztetl
A Jewish village or small town, especially one in Eastern Europe.

shudder /ˈʃʌd.ə/ /ˈʃʌd.ɚ/ [ˈʃʌɾ.ɚ] v
wzdrygać się wzdrygnąć się
(intransitive) To shake nervously, often from fear or horror.

shuffle /ˈʃʌfəl/ v
tasować
(ambitransitive) To put in a random order.
powłóczyć
To change one's position; to shift ground; to evade questions; to resort to equivocation; to prevaricate.

shun /ʃʌn/ v
stronić unikać
(transitive) To avoid, especially persistently; ostracize.

shunt /ʃənt/ /ʃʌnt/ shunts n
bocznik
(electricity) A connection used as an alternative path between parts of an electrical circuit.
przetoka
(surgery) A passage between body channels constructed surgically as a bypass; a tube inserted into the body to create such a passage.

shunt /ʃənt/ /ʃʌnt/ v
bocznikować
(transitive, electricity) To divert electric current by providing an alternative path.

shut /ʃɛt/ /ʃʊt/ /ʃʌt/ v
zamykać zamknąć
(transitive) To close, to stop from being open.
(intransitive) To close, to stop being open.
(transitive, or, intransitive, chiefly, British) To close (a business) temporarily.
(transitive) To isolate, to close off from the world.

shut down v
wyłączyć
(ergative) To turn off or stop.

shut up /ʃʌt ˈʌp/ [ʃʌt̚ ˈʌp] [ʃʌʔ ˈʌp] [ʃʌˈɾʌp] interjection
morda w kubeł stul dziób stul pysk zamknij dupę zamknij mordę zamknij ryj
(highly, _, impolite, dismissal) Stop talking, crying, etc.
co ty gadasz nie gadaj!
(colloquial, ) I don't believe it!, no way!

shut up /ʃʌt ˈʌp/ [ʃʌt̚ ˈʌp] [ʃʌʔ ˈʌp] [ʃʌˈɾʌp] v
zamknąć
(transitive) To close (a building) so that no one can enter.
(transitive) To terminate (a business).
(transitive) To put (someone or something) in a secure enclosed space, such as a room or container.
zamknąć zamknąć się
(ergative, often, imperative) Of a person, to stop talking or (of a person or thing) making noise.

shutter /ˈʃʌt.ə/ /ˈʃʌɾ.ɚ/ shutters n
okiennica
(usually, in the plural) Protective panels, usually wooden, placed over windows to block out the light.
migawka
(photography) The part of a camera, normally closed, that opens for a controlled period of time to let light in when taking a picture.

shuttle /ˈʃʌtəl/ shuttles n
czółenko
(weaving) A tool used to carry the woof back and forth between the warp threads on a loom.
The sliding thread holder in a sewing machine, which carries the lower thread through a loop of the upper thread, to make a lock stitch.
A transport service (such as a bus or train) that goes back and forth between two or more places.

shuttle bus shuttle buses n
autobus wahadłowy
A short-haul, limited-passenger bus, typically privately owned, such as by hotels, retirement villages, etc.

shuttlecock /ˈʃʌtl̩kɑk/ /ˈʃʌtl̩kɒk/ shuttlecocks n
lotka
(countable) A lightweight object that is conical in shape with a cork or rubber-covered nose, used in badminton the way a ball is used in other racquet games. [from early 16th c.]

shuttleless adj
bezczółenkowy

shy /ʃaɪ/ more shy most shy shier shiest shyer shyest adj
nieśmiały bojaźliwy płochliwy strachliwy
Easily frightened; timid.
nieśmiały wstydliwy
Reserved; disinclined to familiar approach.
nieśmiały
Cautious; wary; suspicious.

shy away from v
stronić
To avoid out of fear or caution.

shyness /ˈʃaɪnəs/ shynesses n
nieśmiałość
The quality of being shy; a fear of social interactions.

si /siː/ sis n
si
(music) A syllable used in solfège to represent the seventh note of a major scale.

siamang siamang siamangs n
siamang
A large black gibbon, Symphalangus syndactylus, from Sumatra

siblicide /ˈsɪblɪsaɪd/ siblicides n
kainizm
(chiefly, zoology) The killing of a sibling, especially as observed among certain species of animals. [from 1980s]

sibling /ˈsɪblɪŋ/ siblings n
rodzeństwo
A person who shares a parent; one's brother or sister who one shares a parent with.

sic /sɪk/ v
napuszczać napuścić poszczuć szczuć
(transitive) To incite an attack by, especially a dog or dogs.

sice /ˈsaɪs/ sices n
syz zys
(dice, obsolete) The number six in a game of dice.

sich /siːt͡ʃ/ siches sichs n
Sicz
(historical) An administrative and military centre for the Zaporozhian and Danube Cossacks.

sick /sɪk/ n
wymiociny
(British, AU, colloquial) Vomit.

sick as a dog adj
bardzo chory

sick bay sick bays n
ambulatorium
A room in an institution, or compartment on a vessel, where basic medical supplies are kept and medical attention can be sought.

sick man of Europe pn
chory człowiek Europy
(archaic, politics) Ottoman Empire.

sick note sick notes n
zwolnienie lekarskie
(UK) A note from a doctor certifying the patient is ill, and therefore unable to go to work, school, etc.

sick pay n
zasiłek chorobowy
Money paid to an employee during his or her sick leave.

sickbed /ˈsɪkbɛd/ sickbeds n
łoże boleści
A bed used by a person who is sick.

sickle /ˈsɪkl̩/ more sickle most sickle adj
sierpowaty
Shaped like the blade of a sickle; crescent-shaped.

sickle /ˈsɪkl̩/ sickles n
sierp
(agriculture) An implement having a semicircular blade and short handle, used for cutting long grass and cereal crops.

sickle /ˈsɪkl̩/ v
żąć
(agriculture, transitive) To cut with a sickle.

sickle-cell anemia n
anemia sierpowata niedokrwistość sierpowatokrwinkowa
(North America) The most common form of sickle-cell disease, with anemic effects.

sickly /ˈsɪkli/ sicklier sickliest adj
chorowity schorowany
Frequently ill or in poor health.
chorowity
Appearing ill, infirm or unhealthy; giving the appearance of illness.
wątły
Lacking intensity or vigour.

sickly sweet more sickly sweet most sickly sweet adj
słitaśny
Too sweet; sickeningly sweet or sentimental.

sickness /ˈsɪknɪs/ sicknesses n
choroba
The quality or state of being sick or diseased; illness.

side /saɪd/ /səɪd/ more side most side adj
boczny
Being on the left or right, or toward the left or right; lateral.

side /saɪd/ /səɪd/ sides n
bok strona
A bounding straight edge of a two-dimensional shape.
strona bok
A flat surface of a three-dimensional object; a face.
One half (left or right, top or bottom, front or back, etc.) of something or someone.
One surface of a sheet of paper (used instead of "page", which can mean one or both surfaces.)

side by side adv
obok siebie
(literally) Beside or alongside one another; close to one another and abreast.

side cap side caps n
furażerka pierożek
A foldable military cap with straight sides and a creased or hollow crown sloping to the back where it is parted.

side dish side dishes n
dodatek
A serving of food meant as an accompanying dish. [from 1702]

side effect side effects n
efekt uboczny skutek uboczny
An unintended consequence, or secondary result, of any action, in addition to the main or intended consequence of that action.
efekt uboczny
(medicine) An adverse effect, an unintended consequence of a drug or therapy; usually not a beneficial effect.
(programming) A change in state caused by a function call.

side-striped jackal side-striped jackals n
szakal pręgowany
A species of jackal (Lupulella adusta, syn. Canis adustus), native to central and southern Africa.

sideband sidebands n
wstęga boczna
The band of frequencies each side of the frequency of a carrier wave; formed as a result of modulation of the carrier.

sideboard sideboards n
kredens
(furniture) A piece of dining room furniture having drawers and shelves for linen and tableware; originally for serving food.

sideburns /ˈsaɪd.bɚnz/ /ˈsaɪd.bɜː(ɹ)nz/ n
bokobrody baki
Facial hair reaching from the top of the head down the side of the face to the side of the chin.

sidelock sidelocks n
pejsy
A lock of hair worn at the side of the head.

sidereal /saɪˈdɪə.ɹi.əl/ /saɪˈdɪɚ.i.əl/ /sɪˈdɪɚ.i.əl/ adj
gwiazdowy syderyczny
(astronomy) Relating to a measurement of time relative to the position of the stars.

sideroad sideroads n
bocznica

sidesplitting more sidesplitting most sidesplitting adj
zrywać boki ze śmiechu (lit. to split one's side from laughter)
Exceptionally funny; hilarious.

sidewalk /ˈsaɪdwɑk/ /ˈsaɪdwɔk/ /ˈsaɪdwɔːk/ sidewalks n
chodnik
(US) (usually) a paved footpath located at the side of a road, for the use of pedestrians
(US, by extension) any paved footpath, even if not located at the side of a road

sidewheeler sidewheelers n
bocznokołowiec

sidey more sidey most sidey adj
boczasty
(dated, colloquial) Exhibiting side, or unjustified self-importance; arrogant.

siding /ˈsaɪdɪŋ/ sidings n
bocznica
(rail transport) A second, relatively short length of track just to the side of a railroad track, joined to the main track by switches at one or both ends, used either for loading or unloading freight, storing trains or other rail vehicles; or to allow two trains on a same track to meet (opposite directions) or pass (same direction) (the latter sense is probably an American definition).

siege /sid͡ʒ/ /siːd͡ʒ/ sieges n
oblężenie
(military) A prolonged military assault or a blockade of a city or fortress with the intent of conquering by force or attrition.

siege engine /ˈsid͡ʒ ˌɛnd͡ʒɪn/ /ˈsiːd͡ʒ ˌɛnd͡ʒɪn/ siege engines n
machina oblężnicza
(artillery, historical) A large weapon of war used during ancient and medieval times to batter fortifications, settlements, etc.; specifically, a trebuchet or other type of catapult.

siege mentality siege mentalities n
syndrom oblężonej twierdzy
A collective feeling of victimization and defensiveness, in which a group of people believe themselves to be constantly attacked, oppressed, or isolated in the face of the negative intentions of the rest of the world.

siege tower siege towers n
wieża oblężnicza
(historical) A siege weapon, consisting of a wheeled wooden tower with ladders inside, which was parked next to walls so assailants could safely scale them.

siege warfare n
oblężenie
Warfare in which the defender is trapped in a position (such as a fort or castle) while the attacker bombards and/or barricades them from outside.

siemens /ˈsiːmənz/ siemens n
siemens simens
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of electrical conductance; the electric conductance in a body that has a resistance of one ohm. Symbol: S

sienna /siˈɛn.ə/ siennas n
sjena
(countable) A form of clay containing iron and manganese.
(countable, and, uncountable) A pigment with a reddish-brown colour.
(countable, and, uncountable) A light reddish-brown colour.

siesta /siˈɛstə/ siestas n
poobiednia drzemka
A nap, especially an afternoon one taken after lunch in some cultures.

sieve /sɪv/ sieves n
sito rzeszoto przetak sitko
A device with a mesh bottom to separate, in a granular material, larger particles from smaller ones, or to separate solid objects from a liquid.
odcedzanie
A process, physical or abstract, that arrives at a final result by filtering out unwanted pieces of input from a larger starting set of input.

sieve /sɪv/ v
przesiać cedzić odcedzać odcedzić przesiewać
To strain, sift or sort using a sieve.

sieve of Eratosthenes pn
sito Eratostenesa
(mathematics) An ancient algorithm for finding prime numbers that works by discarding multiples from a list of potential primes.

sievert /ˈsiː.vət/ /ˈsiː.vɚt/ sieverts n
siwert
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of radiation dose; the dose received in one hour at a distance of 1 cm from a point source of 1 mg of radium in a 0.5 mm thick platinum enclosure. Symbol: Sv

sift /sɪft/ v
przesiać przesiewać arfować przearfować
To sieve or strain (something).
odsiać odsiewać przesiać przesiewać
To separate or scatter (things) as if by sieving.

sifter /ˈsɪftɚ/ sifters n
arfa przesiewacz sito
A tool for sifting, especially one for powdered cooking ingredients.

sigh /saɪ/ interjection
ech
An expression of fatigue, exhaustion, grief, sorrow, frustration, or the like, often used in casual written contexts.

sigh /saɪ/ sighs n
westchnienie westchnięcie
A deep, prolonged audible inhale and exhale of breath; as when fatigued, frustrated, grieved, or relieved; the act of sighing.

sigh /saɪ/ v
wzdychać westchnąć
(intransitive) To inhale a larger quantity of air than usual, and immediately expel it; to make a deep single audible respiration, especially as the result or involuntary expression of fatigue, exhaustion, grief, sorrow, frustration, or the like.
lamentować
(intransitive) To lament; to grieve.
westchnąć wzdychać
(transitive) To utter sighs over; to lament or mourn over.

sight /saɪt/ sights n
widok
Something seen.
atrakcja turystyczna
(often, in the plural) Something worth seeing; a spectacle, either good or bad.
celownik
(often, in the plural) A device used in aiming a projectile, through which the person aiming looks at the intended target.

sight /saɪt/ v
dojrzeć zobaczyć
(transitive) To see; to get sight of (something); to register visually.
celować
(transitive, intransitive) To observe or aim (at something) using a (gun) sight.

sight for sore eyes sights for sore eyes n
mile widziany
(idiomatic) A pleasing sight; something that is beautiful to look at, particularly after a long period of deprivation.

sight read /ˈsaɪt ˌɹiːd/ /ˈsaɪt ˌɹɛd/ v
grać a vista
(music) To perform a musical piece while reading it for the first time, without rehearsal.

sight sing /ˈsaɪt ˌsɪŋ/ v
śpiewać a vista
(music) To sing a musical piece while reading it for the first time, without rehearsal.

sight translation sight translations n
tłumaczenie wzrokowe
(translation studies) The act of translating a written text out loud.

sight unseen adj
bez oglądania w ciemno
(idiomatic) Not having seen the object beforehand.

sight-translate v
przetłumaczyć na głos tłumaczyć na głos
(translation studies) To translate a written document out loud.

sighthound sighthounds n
chart

sightsee v
zwiedzać
(intransitive) To go sightseeing; to visit places of interest in a city, town or geographical area.

sightworthy more sightworthy most sightworthy adj
wart zwiedzenia

sigil /ˈsɪd͡ʒəl/ /ˈsɪd͡ʒɪl/ sigils n
sigil
A seal, signature or signet.
An occult or magical sign, image or symbol.

sigma /ˈsɪɡmə/ sigmas sigmata n
sigma
The eighteenth letter of the Classical and Modern Greek alphabets, the twentieth letter of Old and Ancient.

sigmatic adj
sygmatyczny
(linguistics) Having the consonant s added to the root in order to form a tense or case stem.

sigmoid colon sigmoid colons n
esica
(anatomy) The S-shaped section of the large intestine between the descending colon and the rectum.

sign /saɪn/ signs n
znak oznaka sygnał
(sometimes, also used uncountably) A fact that shows that something exists or may happen.
znak
A mark or another symbol used to represent something.
(mathematics) Positive or negative polarity, as denoted by the + or - sign.
A semantic unit, something that conveys meaning or information (e.g. a word of written language); (linguistics, semiotics) a unit consisting of a signifier and a signified concept. (See sign (semiotics).)
An omen.
znak szyld
A clearly visible object, generally flat, bearing a short message in words or pictures.
znak gest
A specific gesture or motion used to communicate by those with speaking or hearing difficulties; now specifically, a linguistic unit in sign language equivalent to word in spoken languages.

sign /saɪn/ v
podpisywać podpisać
(transitive) To validate or ratify (a document) by writing one's signature on it. [from 15th c.]
migać
(intransitive) To communicate using a gesture or signal. [from 16th c.]
(transitive) To communicate using gestures to (someone). [from 16th c.]

sign language sign languages n
język migowy
(uncountable) Sign languages (sense 1) considered collectively.

sign of life signs of life n
znak życia
An indication that someone is alive; vital sign.
(figuratively) An indication that someone is present.

sign of the cross signs of the cross n
znak krzyża
(Christianity) A gesture of the hand moving over the front of one's body in the shape of a cross made as part of ritual or to invoke divine protection.

sign of the times signs of the times n
znak czasów
(idiomatic) Something that is symbolic of an era.

sign one's death warrant v
skazać się skazywać się
To make a decision that dooms one to certain death.

sign over v
przepisać przepisywać
(transitive) To transfer (property or rights) to somebody else by signing a document.

signal /ˈsɪɡnəl/ signals n
sygnał
A sign made to give notice of some occurrence, command, or danger, or to indicate the start of a concerted action.
An on-off light, semaphore, or other device used to give an indication to another person.

signal-to-noise ratio signal-to-noise ratios n
stosunek sygnału do szumu
(sciences) A figure of merit comparing the strength of a signal carrying information to the noise interfering with it.

signalization signalizations n
sygnalizacja

signalling signallings n
sygnalizacja

signatory /ˈsɪɡ.nə.tɔː.ɹi/ /ˈsɪɡ.nə.tɹi/ signatories n
sygnatariusz
One who signs or has signed something.

signature /ˈsɪɡnət͡ʃə(ɹ)/ /ˈsɪɡnət͡ʃɚ/ /ˈsɪɡnɪt͡ʃə(ɹ)/ /ˈsɪɡnɪt͡ʃɚ/ signatures n
podpis
A person's name, written by that person, used as identification or to signify approval of accompanying material, such as a legal contract.
podpisywanie
An act of signing one's name; an act of producing a signature.
sygnatura
(computing) A pattern used for matching the identity of a virus, the parameter types of a method, etc.
(cryptography) Data attached to a message that guarantees that the message originated from its claimed source.

signboard signboards n
szyld
(US) A board carrying a sign, or on which signs may be posted.

signed /saɪnd/ adj
podpisany
Having a signature; endorsed.
ze znakiem
(mathematics, computer science) Having both positive and negative varieties.

signet /ˈsɪɡ.nɪt/ signets n
sygnet
(historical) An object (especially a ring) formerly used to impress a picture into the sealing wax of a document as a proof of its origin.

signet ring signet rings n
sygnet
A finger ring bearing a signet, seal or coat of arms.

significance level significance levels n
poziom istotności

significant /sɪɡˈnɪf.ə.kənt/ /sɪɡˈnɪf.ə.ɡənt/ /sɪɡˈnɪf.ɪ.kənt/ more significant most significant adj
znaczny znaczący
Having a noticeable or major effect.

significant other significant others n
sympatia
One's exclusive romantic partner.

significantly /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəntli/ more significantly most significantly adv
znacznie znacząco
In a significant manner or to a significant extent.

signify /ˈsɪɡnɪfaɪ/ v
znaczyć oznaczać
To mean; to betoken.

signpost signposts n
drogowskaz kierunkowskaz
A post bearing a sign that gives information on directions.

sika /ˈsiːkə/ sika sikas n
jeleń wschodni sika
Cervus nippon, a deer found in the forests of East Asia

silage /ˈsaɪlɪd͡ʒ/ silages n
kiszonka kwaszonka
Fermented green forage fodder stored in an airtight silo or clamp.

silence /ˈsaɪl(ə)ns/ /ˈsaɪləns/ silences n
cisza milczenie
The absence of any sound.

silence /ˈsaɪl(ə)ns/ /ˈsaɪləns/ v
uciszyć
(transitive) To make (someone or something) silent.
uciszać uciszyć
(transitive) To suppress criticism, etc.

silence is consent proverb
milczenie oznacza zgodę
A lack of response to an action is a tacit approval of that action.

silence is golden proverb
milczenie jest złotem
Peace and quiet have great value.
Often the best choice is to say nothing.

silencer silencers n
tłumik
An attachment to a gun or an exhaust pipe that reduces the sound it emits

silent /ˈsaɪlənt/ more silent most silent silenter silentest adj
cichy bezszelestny
Free from sound or noise; absolutely still; perfectly quiet.
bezdźwięczny
(pronunciation) Not pronounced; having no sound; quiescent.
(technology) With the sound turned off; usually on silent or in silent mode.

silent as the grave adj
milczeć jak grób milczeć jak głaz milczeć jak kamień milczeć jak zaklęty milczeć jak zamurowany siedzieć jak mumia
(idiomatic, simile) Saying absolutely nothing (especially about a particular subject).

silent film silent films n
film niemy
(cinematography, retronym) A film with no synchronized recorded sound, especially spoken dialogue.

silent mode silent modes n
tryb cichy

silent treatment silent treatments n
ciche dni
A form of social sanction that consists of ignoring a particular individual, neither speaking to that person nor responding to his or her words.

silently /ˈsaɪləntli/ more silently most silently adv
bezdźwięcznie bezgłośnie bezszelestnie bezszmerowo cicho
In a silent manner; making no noise.

silhouette /ˌsɪ.luːˈwɛt/ /ˌsɪ.ləˈwɛt/ /ˌsɪ.lʊˈwɛt/ silhouettes n
sylwetka kontur zarys
An illustrated outline filled in with a solid color(s), usually only black, and intended to represent the shape of an object without revealing any other visual details; a similar appearance produced when the object being viewed is situated in relative darkness with brighter lighting behind it; a profile portrait in black, such as a shadow appears to be. [mid 19th c.]

silica gel silica gels n
silikażel
(chemistry) A granular, porous form of silica made synthetically from sodium silicate and used as a desiccant.

silicate /ˈsɪlɪkeɪt/ /ˈsɪlɪkət/ /ˈsɪlɪkɪt/ silicates n
krzemian
(inorganic chemistry) Any salt of silica or of one of the silicic acids; any mineral composed of silicates

silicle silicles n
łuszczynka
(botany) A short silique, such as the seed capsule (fruit) of shepherd's purse.

silicon /ˈsɪləkɑn/ /ˈsɪlɪkən/ silicons n
krzem
(chemistry, uncountable) A nonmetallic element (symbol Si) with an atomic number of 14 and atomic weight of 28.0855.

silicon dioxide n
ditlenek krzemu
(chemistry) A hard glassy mineral, SiO₂, occurring as quartz, sand, opal etc. Informally known as silica.

silicone /ˈsɪlɪkəʊn/ silicones n
silikon sylikon
(chemistry) Any of a class of inert, semi-inorganic polymeric compounds (polysiloxanes), that have a wide range of thermal stability and extreme water repellence, used in a very wide range of industrial applications, and in prosthetic replacements for body parts.

silicosis silicoses n
krzemica pylica krzemowa silikoza sylikoza
(disease) A disease of the lungs caused by the inhalation of crystalline silica dust. [from late 19th c.]

silique /ˈsɪlɪk/ siliques n
łuszczyna łuszczynka
(botany) A long dry fruit (seed capsule), length more than twice the width, typical to cruciferous plants and consisting of two fused carpels that separate when ripe.

silk /sɪlk/ silks n
jedwab
(mostly, uncountable) A fine fiber excreted by the silkworm or other arthropod (such as a spider).
A fine, soft cloth woven from silk fibers.
Anything which resembles silk, such as the filiform styles of the female flower of maize, or the seed covering of bombaxes.
The gown worn by a Senior (i.e. Queen's/King's) Counsel.
(colloquial) A Queen's Counsel, King's Counsel or Senior Counsel.
(circus arts, in the plural) A pair of long silk sheets suspended in the air on which a performer performs tricks.
(horse racing, usually, in the plural) The garments worn by a jockey displaying the colors of the horse's owner.

silken /ˈsɪlkən/ adj
jedwabny
Made of silk.
jedwabny jedwabisty
Having a smooth, soft, or light texture, like that of silk; suggestive of silk.

silkworm /ˈsɪlkwɜːm/ silkworms n
jedwabnik morwowy jedwabnik
Any of various caterpillars of moths that produce silk cocoons, especially Bombyx mori, the source of most commercial silk.

silky /ˈsɪlki/ silkier silkiest adj
jedwabny
Similar in appearance or texture (especially in softness and smoothness) to silk.

sill /sɪl/ sills n
parapet podokiennik
(architecture, also "window sill") A breast wall; window breast; horizontal brink which forms the base of a window.
podwalina
(construction) A threshold; horizontal structural member of a building near ground level on a foundation or pilings, or lying on the ground, and bearing the upright portion of a frame; a sill plate.
sill
(geology) A stratum of rock, especially an intrusive layer of igneous rock lying parallel to surrounding strata.

silly /ˈsɪli/ sillier silliest adj
głupi
Laughable or amusing through foolishness or a foolish appearance.
(cricket, of a fielding position) Very close to the batsman, facing the bowler; closer than short.

silly season /ˈsɪli ˈsizən/ silly seasons n
sezon ogórkowy
(idiomatic, journalism) A period, usually during the summertime, when news media tend to place increased emphasis on reporting light-hearted, offbeat, or bizarre stories.

silt /sɪlt/ silts n
muł ił
(uncountable) Mud or fine earth deposited from running or standing water.

silumin silumins n
alpaks silumin

silver /ˈsɪl.və/ /ˈsɪl.vɚ/ more silver most silver adj
srebrny
Made from silver.
Having a color like silver: a shiny gray.

silver /ˈsɪl.və/ /ˈsɪl.vɚ/ silvers n
srebro
(collectively) Coins made from silver or any similar white metal.
(collectively) Any items made from silver or any other white metal.
(uncountable) A shiny gray color.

silver age silver ages n
srebrny wiek
(historical) A historical period of great accomplishment in a field or a society, usually following, and not quite as favorable as, a golden age, and not unfavorable as an iron age.

silver anniversary silver anniversaries n
srebrne gody srebrne wesele
The 25th anniversary of some event, particularly a wedding.

silver carp silver carp silver carps n
tołpyga tołpyga biała
A fish of the species Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, native to East Asia, cultivated as a food fish.

silver goal silver goals n
srebrny gol
(soccer) the first goal scored during the first half of extra time; giving victory to the scoring side if this rule is in effect

silver lining silver linings n
światełko w tunelu
(figurative) A good aspect of a mostly bad event.

silver medal silver medals n
srebrny medal
A medal made of, or having the colour of, silver, given as a prize for finishing in second place

silver nitrate n
azotan srebra kamień piekielny lapis
(inorganic compound) The silver salt of nitric acid, AgNO3; it is sensitive to light and is used in the preparation of silver halides for photography; it is used in laboratories as a reagent to test for chloride

silver screen silver screens n
srebrny ekran
A cinema screen onto which movies are projected.
duży ekran srebrny ekran wielki ekran
(idiomatic) By extension, movies, or that which is related to movies or cinema.

silver sulfide silver sulfides n
siarczek srebra
(inorganic compound) a binary compound of silver and sulfur, Ag2S

silver-plate v
posrebrzać
To coat a metal surface with a thin layer of silver, often electrolytically.

silver-plated adj
posrebrzany
Having a thin coating of the metal silver applied to it.

silver-tongued more silver-tongued most silver-tongued adj
złotousty
(idiomatic) Articulate, charming, eloquent.

silverback silverbacks n
srebrnogrzbiety samiec
(mammalogy) A mature male gorilla, so named from the silver streaking on its back.

silverfish silverfish silverfishes n
rybik cukrowy
A small wingless insect of species Lepisma saccharinum, with silvery scales; a type of bristletail.

silverily more silverily most silverily adv
srebrnie srebrno srebrzysto srebrzyście
In a silvery manner.

silversmith silversmiths n
złotnik
A person who makes articles out of silver usually larger than jewellery.

silvery /ˈsɪlvəɹi/ /ˈsɪlvɹi/ silverier silveriest adj
srebrzysty
Resembling silver in color, shiny white.
Having the clear, musical tone of silver; soft and clear in sound.

silvery gibbon silvery gibbons n
gibon srebrzysty

silvery-cheeked antshrike silvery-cheeked antshrikes n
mrowiec czarnolicy
A passerine bird of the antbird family, Sakesphorus cristatus, Thamnophilus cristatus

silviculture silvicultures n
gospodarka leśna leśnictwo
The care and development of forests in order to obtain a product or provide a benefit; forestry.

simian /ˈsɪm.i.ən/ more simian most simian adj
małpi
Of or pertaining to apes and monkeys.
Bearing resemblance to an ape or monkey; apelike or monkeylike.

simian /ˈsɪm.i.ən/ simians n
antropoid małpa człekokształtna
An ape or monkey, especially an anthropoid (infraorder Simiiformes).

similar /ˈsɪmələ/ /ˈsɪməlɚ/ more similar most similar adj
podobny
Having traits or characteristics in common; alike, comparable.
(mathematics) Having the same shape, in particular, having corresponding angles equal and corresponding line segments proportional.

similarity /ˌsɪm.əˈlæɹ.ə.ti/ /ˌsɪm.əˈlɛɹ.ti/ /ˌsɪm.əˈlɛɹ.ə.ti/ /ˌsɪm.ɪˈlæɹ.ə.ti/ /ˌsɪm.ɪˈlæɹ.ɪ.ti/ [ˌsɪm.əˈlæɹ.ə.ɾi] similarities n
podobieństwo
Closeness of appearance to something else.

similarly /ˈsɪmələli/ /ˈsɪməlɚli/ more similarly most similarly adv
analogicznie podobnie
(manner) In a like style or manner.

simile /ˈsɪməli/ similes similia n
porównanie
A figure of speech in which one thing is explicitly compared to another, using e.g. like or as.

simmer /ˈsɪmə/ /ˈsɪmɚ/ v
gotować
(transitive) To cause to cook or to cause to undergo heating slowly at or below the boiling point.

simony /ˈsaɪ.mə.ni/ /ˈsɪ.mə.ni/ simonies n
symonia świętokupstwo
The buying or selling of spiritual or sacred things, such as ecclesiastical offices, pardons, or consecrated objects.

simoom /sɪˈmuːm/ simooms n
samum
A hot, dry, suffocating, dust-laden wind of the desert, particularly of Arabia, Syria, and neighboring countries, generated by the extreme heat of the parched deserts or sandy plains.

simple /ˈsɪmpəl/ [ˈsɪmpl̩] more simple most simple simpler simplest adj
prostak
(now, colloquial, euphemism) Feeble-minded; foolish.
prosty łatwy lekki
(heading, technical) Structurally uncomplicated.

simple group simple groups n
grupa prosta
(group theory) A group which has no normal subgroups apart from the trivial group and itself.

simple interest n
odsetki proste
(finance) interest paid only on the principal.

simple sentence simple sentences n
zdanie pojedyncze
(grammar) A sentence that contains one independent clause and no dependent clause.

simple-hearted more simple-hearted most simple-hearted adj
prostoduszny
sincere; ingenuous; guileless

simple-heartedness n
prostoduszność
The state or quality of being simple-hearted; guilelessness, sincerity, lack of sophistication.

simple-minded more simple-minded most simple-minded adj
prostoduszny
Lacking subtlety or sophistication.

simple-mindedness n
prostoduszność
The property of lacking subtlety or sophistication.

simpleton /ˈsɪmpəltən/ simpletons n
głuptas naiwny prostak
(pejorative) A simple-minded person lacking common sense.

simplification /ˌsɪm.plə.fəˈkeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌsɪm.plə.fəˈkæɪ.ʃən/ /ˌsɪm.plɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ simplifications n
uproszczenie
The act of simplifying or something that has been simplified.

simplify /ˈsɪmpləfaɪ/ /ˈsɪmplɪfaɪ/ v
upraszczać uprościć
(transitive) To make simpler, either by reducing in complexity, reducing to component parts, or making easier to understand.

simply /ˈsɪmpli/ more simply most simply adv
po prostu
(manner) In a simple way or state; considered in or by itself; without addition; alone.
(focus) Merely; solely.

simply connected adj
jednospójny
(topology, of a topological space) Having its fundamental group a singleton.

simulacrum /ˌsɪmjəˈleɪkɹə/ /ˌsɪmjəˈleɪkɹəm/ /ˌsɪmjʊəˈleɪkɹə/ /ˌsɪmjʊəˈleɪkɹəm/ simulacra simulacrums n
symulakrum
A physical image or representation of a deity, person, or thing.

simulate /ˈsɪm.jə.lət/ /ˈsɪm.jəˌleɪt/ /ˈsɪm.jʊ.lɪt/ /ˈsɪm.jʊˌleɪt/ v
symulować
To model, replicate, duplicate the behavior, appearance or properties of.

simulator /ˈsɪmjʊˌleɪtə(ɹ)/ simulators n
symulant symulantka
One who simulates or feigns.
symulator imitator
A machine or system that simulates an environment (such as an aircraft cockpit), often for training purposes.

simultaneity /ˌsaɪməltəˈniɪti/ /ˌsɪməltəˈniːɪti/ simultaneities n
jednoczesność równoczesność
The quality or state of being simultaneous; simultaneousness.

simultaneous /ˌsaɪ̯.məlˈteɪ̯.ni.əs/ /ˌsaɪ̯.məlˈteɪ̯.njəs/ /ˌsɪm.əlˈteɪ̯.ni.əs/ /ˌsɪm.əlˈteɪ̯.njəs/ adj
jednoczesny równoczesny
Happening at the same moment.

simultaneous interpreting n
tłumaczenie symultaniczne
(translation studies) A type of oral translation from one language into another which is produced at the same time as a person is speaking.

simultaneously /ˌsaɪmlˈteɪnɪəsli/ /ˌsɪmlˈteɪnɪəsli/ adv
jednocześnie równocześnie
Occurring at the same time.

sin /sɪn/ sins n
grzech przewina występek
(theology) A violation of God's will or religious law.
grzech
A misdeed or wrong.

sin /sɪn/ v
grzeszyć zgrzeszyć
(intransitive, theology) To commit a sin.

since /sɪns/ adv
odtąd
From a specified time in the past.

since /sɪns/ conjunction
odkąd od czasu kiedy od kiedy
From the time that.
ponieważ skoro
Because.

since /sɪns/ preposition
od
From: referring to a period of time ending in the present and defining it by the point in time at which it started, or the period in which its starting point occurred.

since when adv
od kiedy to? od kiedy?
(colloquial, rhetorical question, sarcastic) From what time.

sincere /sɪnˈsɪə(ɹ)/ /sɪnˈsɪɹ/ more sincere most sincere sincerer sincerest adj
szczery
Meant truly or earnestly.

sincerity /sɪnˈsɛɹəti/ sincerities n
szczerość
The quality or state of being sincere

sindonology n
syndologia syndonologia
The study of the Shroud of Turin from a believing perspective.

sine /saɪn/ sines n
sinus
(trigonometry, mathematics) In a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the side opposite an angle to the length of the hypotenuse.

sine qua non /ˌsaɪni kweɪ ˈnɑn/ /ˌsaɪnɪ kweɪ ˈnɒn/ /ˌsɪn(e)ɪ kwɑː ˈnɒn/ /ˌsɪn(e)ɪ kwɑː ˈnəʊn/ /ˌsɪni kwɑ ˈnoʊn/ /ˌsɪni kwɑ ˈnɑn/ sine qua nons sine quibus non n
warunek niezbędny warunek sine qua non
An essential or indispensable element, condition, or ingredient.

sinecure /ˈsaɪ.nə.kjʊɹ/ /ˈsaɪ.nɪ.kjʊə/ /ˈsɪ.nɪ.kjʊə/ /ˈsɪn.ə.kjʊɹ/ sinecures n
synekura
A position that requires no work but still gives an ample payment; a cushy job.

sinfully more sinfully most sinfully adv
grzesznie
In a sinful manner; wickedly.

sing /si(ː)ŋ/ /sɪŋ/ v
śpiewać zaśpiewać
(intransitive) To produce musical or harmonious sounds with one’s voice.

sing a different tune v
śpiewać z innego klucza

sing the praises of v
nachwalić się
(idiomatic) to commend (someone or something’s) attributes to others

sing the same tune v
mówić tym samym językiem
(figurative) To hold to the same opinion or understanding as another; to be in agreement on a matter.

singe /sɪnd͡ʒ/ v
przypalać przypalić
(transitive) To burn slightly.

singer /ˈsɪŋə/ /ˈsɪŋɚ/ singers n
śpiewak piosenkarz piosenkarka śpiewaczka
A person who sings, often professionally.

singer-songwriter singer-songwriters n
pieśniarka pieśniarz
A musician who both sings and composes, especially when recording or performing his or her own compositions.

singing /ˈsɪŋɪŋ/ singings n
śpiew
The act of using the voice to produce musical sounds; vocalizing.

singing voice singing voices n
głos
A person's voice when singing.

single /ˈsɪŋɡl̩/ /ˈsɪŋɡəl/ adj
pojedynczy jeden
Not accompanied by anything else; one in number.
cały jeden jednolity
Not divided in parts.
pojedynczy jednoosobowy
Designed for the use of only one.
wolny niezamężna nieżonaty
Not married, and (in modern times) not dating or without a significant other.

single /ˈsɪŋɡl̩/ /ˈsɪŋɡəl/ singles n
singel kawałek singiel
(music) A popular song released and sold (on any format) nominally on its own though usually having at least one extra track.
panna kawaler singel singiel
One who is not married or does not have a romantic partner.

single mother single mothers n
samotna matka
A woman raising a child on her own without a spouse or partner.

single room single rooms n
jedynka pokój jednoosobowy
A room that has one single bed.

single transferable vote single transferable votes n
pojedynczy głos przechodni
A voting system where each voter lists the candidates in order of preference and there is provision to transfer the votes of the less popular candidates and a proportion of the votes of candidates who are elected with more than a certain quota.

single-handedly adv
samodzielnie
Alone; without assistance; by oneself.

single-user adj
jednoużytkownikowy

singles n
singel singiel
(sports, plurale tantum) a game between individual players

singlet /ˈsɪŋɡlɪt/ singlets n
bokserka podkoszulek

singleton singletons n
singleton
(playing cards) A playing card that is the only one of its suit in a hand, especially at bridge.
(playing cards) A hand containing only one card of a certain suit.
(computing) A class that may not be instantiated more than once, i.e. that implements the singleton design pattern.

singular /ˈsɪŋ.ɡjə.lɚ/ /ˈsɪŋ.ɡjʊ.lə/ more singular most singular adj
pojedynczy liczba pojedyncza
(grammar) Referring to only one thing or person.
nieodwracalna osobliwa
(linear algebra, of matrix) Having no inverse.
osobliwy
(linear algebra, of transformation) Having the property that the matrix of coefficients of the new variables has a determinant equal to zero.

singular /ˈsɪŋ.ɡjə.lɚ/ /ˈsɪŋ.ɡjʊ.lə/ singulars n
liczba pojedyncza
(grammar) A form of a word that refers to only one person or thing.

singulare tantum singularia tantum n
singulare tantum
(grammar) A noun (in any specific sense) that has no plural form and is only used with singular verbs. Frequently for mass nouns.

singularity /ˌsɪŋɡjəˈlæɹətɪ/ singularities n
osobliwość
(physics) Ellipsis of gravitational singularity: a point or region in spacetime in which gravitational forces cause matter to have an infinite density; associated with black holes.

sinicization sinicizations n
sinizacja
The act, action, or result of sinicizing.

sinister /ˈsɪnɪstə/ /ˈsɪnɪstɚ/ more sinister most sinister adj
arcygroźny złowieszczy złowrogi
Inauspicious, ominous, unlucky, illegitimate (as in bar sinister).
arcygroźny złowrogi
Evil or seemingly evil; indicating lurking danger or harm.

sinisterly more sinisterly most sinisterly adv
arcygroźnie

sink /sɪŋk/ /zɪŋk/ sinks n
zlew zlewozmywak
A basin used for holding water for washing.

sink /sɪŋk/ /zɪŋk/ v
tonąć topić zanurzać
(ergative) To descend or submerge (or to cause to do so) into a liquid or similar substance.
zatapiać zatopić
(transitive, figurative) To cause to decline; to depress or degrade.

sink or swim v
wóz albo przewóz
To fail or succeed, no matter what.

sinker /ˈsɪŋkə(ɹ)/ sinkers n
ciężarek
(fishing) A weight used in fishing to cause the line or net to sink.

sinkhole sinkholes n
lej krasowy lejek krasowy werteb krasowy wertep krasowy
(geology) A hole formed in soluble rock by the action of water, serving to conduct surface water to an underground passage.

sinking /ˈsɪŋkɪŋ/ sinkings n
tonięcie
the process by which something sinks, or is sunk.

sinking ship sinking ships n
tonący okręt
(idiomatic) Something which is doomed; an impending debacle; an ongoing disaster.

sinless more sinless most sinless adj
bezgrzeszny
Without sin; never having sinned.

sinlessly more sinlessly most sinlessly adv
bezgrzesznie

sinlessness n
bezgrzeszność
The state or condition of being sinless.

sinner /ˈsɪnɚ/ sinners n
grzesznik grzesznica
A person who sins or has sinned.

sinologist sinologists n
sinolog
A student or expert in sinology.

sinter /ˈsɪntə/ v
aglomerować
To heat a compacted powder mass to form a hardened mass.

sinus /ˈsaɪ.nəs/ sinuses n
zatoka
(anatomy, zootomy) A pouch or cavity in a bone or other tissue, especially one in the bones of the face or skull connecting with the nasal cavities (the paranasal sinus).

sinusitis sinusitides sinusitises n
zapalenie zatok
(pathology) An inflammation of one or more paranasal sinuses.

sinusoid /ˈsaɪ.nə.sɔɪd/ /ˈsɑɪ.nə.soɪd/ sinusoids n
sinusoida
(mathematics) A curve having the shape of a sine wave.

sinusoidal /saɪnəˈsɔɪdəl/ more sinusoidal most sinusoidal adj
sinusoidalny
(mathematics) Having the shape or characteristics of a sine wave.

siphon /ˈsaɪfən/ siphons n
syfon lewar
A bent pipe or tube with one end lower than the other, in which hydrostatic pressure exerted due to the force of gravity moves liquid from one reservoir to another.
syfon
(zoology) A tubelike organ found in animals or elongated cell found in plants.

sippy cup sippy cups n
niekapek
A spill-proof cup for toddlers.

sir /sə(ɹ)/ /ˈsə(ɹ)/ /ˈsɜː(ɹ)/ /ˈsɝ/ /ˈsɪɹ/ sirs n
pan
A respectful term of address to a man of higher rank or position, particularly:
pan panie
A respectful term of address to an adult male (often older), especially if his name or proper title is unknown.

sire /saɪə(ɹ)/ v
spłodzić
(transitive, of a male) To father; to beget.

siren /ˈsaɪəɹən/ /ˈsaɪɹən/ sirenes sirens n
syrena
(Greek mythology) One of a group of nymphs who lured mariners to their death on the rocks.
A dangerously seductive woman.
A member of Sirenia, an order of mammals.
A device, either mechanical or electronic, that makes a piercingly loud sound as an alarm or signal, or the sound from such a device (first recorded 1879).

sirloin /ˈsɝlɔɪn/ sirloins n
polędwica
(US) A cut of beef from the lower part of the back, where the last ribs are (called rump in UK English).
(UK) A cut of beef from the middle of the back (corresponding to short loin and partly rib in US English).

sirocco /sɪˈɹɒkoʊ/ /ʃɪˈɹɒkoʊ/ siroccos n
sirocco
A hot and often strong southerly to southeasterly wind on the Mediterranean that originates in the Sahara and adjacent North African regions.

sissy /ˈsɪsi/ sissies n
cipa cipka pipa pipka
(pejorative, colloquial) An effeminate boy or man.
(pejorative, colloquial) A timid, unassertive or cowardly person.

sister /ˈsɪs.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈsɪs.tɚ/ sisters sistren n
siostra
A female member of a religious order; especially one devoted to more active service; (informally) a nun.
(British) A senior or supervisory nurse, often in a hospital.
Any woman or girl with whom a bond is felt through the same biological sex, gender or common membership in a community, race, profession, religion, organization, or ism.
siostrzany siostra
(attributively) An entity that has a special or affectionate, non-hierarchical relationship with another.

sister language sister languages n
pokrewny język

sister-in-law /ˈsɪs.tə.ɪn.lɔː/ /ˈsɪs.tɚ.ɪn.lɔ/ sister-in-laws sisters-in-law n
szwagierka bratowa
The sister of one's spouse.
(less common) Co-sister-in-law: The wife of one's sibling-in-law.
bratowa szwagierka
The wife of the sibling of one's spouse.

sisterly /ˈsɪstəli/ more sisterly most sisterly adj
siostrzany
Of or characteristic of sisters.

sistrum /ˈsɪstɹəm/ sistra sistrums n
sistrum
An ancient Egyptian musical instrument, to be shaken, consisting of a metal frame holding percussive metal beads.

sit /sɪt/ v
siedzieć
(intransitive, copulative, of a person) To be in a position in which the upper body is upright and supported by the buttocks.
(government) To be a member of a deliberative body.

sit back v
rozsiąść się
To recline while still in a seated position, with one's back on the frame of the seat.

sit down v
siadać usiąść
(intransitive) To assume a sitting position from a standing position.

sit on one's hands v
siedzieć z założonymi rękami siedzieć z założonymi rękoma
(idiomatic) To remain idle when action is needed, perhaps because of fear, ignorance, complacency, indecisiveness, or dislike of the person(s) or situation.

sit on the fence v
siedzieć okrakiem na barykadzie usiąść okrakiem na barykadzie

sit still v
nie móc usiedzieć na miejscu
To remain motionless.

sit-in sit-ins n
strajk okupacyjny
A peaceful form of protest in which people occupy an area and refuse to leave.

sit-up /ˈsɪt.ʌp/ sit-ups n
brzuszek
An exercise in which the abdominal muscles are contracted, bringing the torso of a person lying down to a more upright position.

sitar sitars n
sitar
(musical instruments) A Hindustani/Indian classical stringed instrument, typically having a gourd as its resonating chamber.

site /saɪt/ sites n
miejsce
A place fitted or chosen for any certain permanent use or occupation

sittable more sittable most sittable adj
do siedzenia
Tolerable to sit on; tolerable when sat on; comfortable.

sitting duck sitting ducks n
łatwa zdobycz łatwy cel
(idiomatic) An obvious or unconcealed target.

situation /ˌsɪ.t͡ʃuˈ(w)eɪ.ʃən/ /ˌsɪt.juːˈeɪ.ʃən/ situations n
sytuacja położenie
The combination of circumstances at a given moment; a state of affairs.
Position or status with regard to conditions and circumstances.
sytuacja pozycja
The way in which something is positioned vis-à-vis its surroundings.

situation comedy situation comedies n
komedia sytuacyjna sitcom
An episodic comedy radio or television program with a plot or storyline based around a particular humorous situation with the same set of characters.

situations vacant n
oferty pracy

six /sɪks/ sixes n
szóstka sześć
The digit or figure 6.

six /sɪks/ numeral
sześć sześcioro
A numerical value equal to 6; the number following five and preceding seven. This many dots: (••••••).

six hundred /ˈsɪks ˈhʌn.dɹəd/ /ˈsɪks ˈhʌn.dɹɪd/ numeral
sześćset
The cardinal number occurring after five hundred ninety-nine and before six hundred one, represented in Arabic numerals as 600.

six o'clock n
szósta
(In both the 12-hour clock and the 24-hour clock) The start of the seventh hour of the day; 6:00 a.m. (06:00).

six of one, half a dozen of the other proverb
ganc egal wszystko jedno ganc pomada jak go zwał, tak go zwał to jedno i to samo wart Pac pałaca, a pałac Paca
(idiomatic) The two alternatives are equivalent or indifferent; it doesn't matter which one we choose.

six thousand numeral
sześć tysięcy
6000

six-pack six-packs n
sześciopak
A collection of six of something bundled together, especially six cans.
kaloryfer sześciopak
(bodybuilding) A highly developed set of abdominal muscles.

sixteen /ˈsɪks.tiːn/ /ˌsɪksˈtiːn/ numeral
szesnaście szesnaścioro
The cardinal number occurring after fifteen and before seventeen, represented in Arabic numerals as 16 and in Roman numerals as XVI.

sixteenth /ˌsɪksˈtiːnθ/ adj
szesnasty
The ordinal form of the number sixteen.

sixteenth rest sixteenth rests n
pauza szestnastkowa

sixth /sɪk(s)θ/ [sɪk(s)t̪] [sɪk(s)θ] adj
szósty
The ordinal form of the number six.

sixth /sɪk(s)θ/ [sɪk(s)t̪] [sɪk(s)θ] sixths n
szósty
(not used in the plural) The person or thing in the sixth position.
seksta
(music) The interval between one note and another, five notes higher in the scale, for example C to A, a major sixth, or C to A flat, a minor sixth. (Note that the interval covers six notes counting inclusively, for example C-D-E-F-G-A.)

sixth sense sixth senses n
szósty zmysł
Extrasensory perception; the ability to sense things by means other than the known bodily senses.

sixthly adv
po szóste
In the sixth place; sixth in a row.

sixties n
lata 60. lata sześćdziesiąte
(The decade of the 1860s, 1960s, etc.)

sixtieth /ˈsɪksti.əθ/ adj
sześćdziesiąty
The ordinal form of the number sixty.

sixty /ˈsɪksti/ /ˈsɪkstɪ/ numeral
sześćdziesiąt kopa
The cardinal number occurring after fifty-nine and before sixty-one, represented in Roman numerals as LX and in Arabic numerals as 60.

sixty-eight numeral
sześćdziesiąt osiem
The cardinal number immediately following sixty-seven and preceding sixty-nine.

sixty-eighth adj
sześćdziesiąty ósmy
The ordinal form of the number sixty-eight, describing a person or thing in position number 68 of a sequence.

sixty-fifth adj
sześćdziesiąty piąty
The ordinal form of the number sixty-five, describing a person or thing in position number 65 of a sequence.

sixty-five numeral
sześćdziesiąt pięć
The cardinal number immediately following sixty-four and preceding sixty-six.

sixty-four numeral
sześćdziesiąt cztery
The cardinal number immediately following sixty-three and preceding sixty-five.

sixty-fourth adj
sześćdziesiąty czwarty
The ordinal form of the number sixty-four, describing a person or thing in position number 64 of a sequence.

sixty-nine /ˌsɪkstiˈnaɪn/ numeral
sześćdziesiąt dziewięć
The cardinal number immediately following sixty-eight and preceding seventy.

sixty-ninth adj
sześćdziesiąty dziewiąty
The ordinal form of the number sixty-nine, describing a person or thing in position number 69 of a sequence.

sixty-one numeral
sześćdziesiąt jeden
The cardinal number immediately following sixty and preceding sixty-two.

sixty-second adj
sześćdziesiąty drugi
The ordinal form of the number sixty-two, describing a person or thing in position number 62 of a sequence.

sixty-seven numeral
sześćdziesiąt siedem
The cardinal number immediately following sixty-six and preceding sixty-eight.

sixty-seventh adj
sześćdziesiąty siódmy
The ordinal form of the number sixty-seven, describing a person or thing in position number 67 of a sequence.

sixty-six numeral
sześćdziesiąt sześć
The cardinal number immediately following sixty-five and preceding sixty-seven.

sixty-sixth adj
sześćdziesiąty szósty
The ordinal form of the number sixty-six, describing a person or thing in position number 66 of a sequence.

sixty-third adj
sześćdziesiąty trzeci
The ordinal form of the number sixty-three, describing a person or thing in position number 63 of a sequence.

sixty-three numeral
sześćdziesiąt trzy
The cardinal number immediately following sixty-two and preceding sixty-four.

sixty-two numeral
sześćdziesiąt dwa
The cardinal number immediately following sixty-one and preceding sixty-three.

sixtysomething sixtysomethings n
sześćdziesięciolatek sześćdziesięciolatka
(colloquial) A person between 60 and 69 years old.

sizable /ˈsaɪzəbəl/ more sizable most sizable adj
znaczny znaczący
Fairly large.

size /saɪz/ sizes n
rozmiar wielkość
The dimensions or magnitude of a thing; how big something is. [from 15th c.]
A specific set of dimensions for a manufactured article, especially clothing. [from 16th c.]

sizzle /ˈsɪzəl/ sizzles n
skwierczenie
(countable) The sound of water boiling on a hot surface.

sizzle /ˈsɪzəl/ v
skwierczeć
(intransitive) To make the sound of water boiling on a hot surface.

ska /skɑː/ n
ska
(music genre) A style of Jamaican dance music originating in the late 1950s, combining elements of Caribbean calypso and mento with American jazz and rhythm and blues; it was the precursor to rocksteady and reggae.

skald /skæld/ /skɔːld/ skalds n
skald
(historical) A Nordic poet of the Viking Age.

skate /skeɪt/ skate skates n
łyżwa
A runner or blade, usually of steel, with a frame shaped to fit the sole of a shoe, made to be fastened under the foot, and used for gliding on ice.
The act of roller skating or ice skating
płaszczka
A fish of the family Rajidae in the superorder Batoidea (rays) which inhabit most seas. Skates generally have small heads with protruding muzzles, and wide fins attached to a flat body.

skate /skeɪt/ v
jechać jeździć
To move along a surface (ice or ground) using skates.

skateboard skateboards n
deskorolka deska
(sports, recreation) A narrow, wooden or plastic platform mounted on pairs of wheels, on which one stands and propels oneself by pushing along the ground with one foot.

skateboard v
jechać jeździć
(intransitive) To use a skateboard.

skater /ˈskeɪ.tə(ɹ)/ skaters n
łyżwiarz łyżwiarka
A person who skates.

skating /ˈskeɪtɪŋ/ skatings n
łyżwiarstwo
The action of moving along a surface (ice or ground) using skates.

skedaddle /skɪˈdædəl/ v
zwiać zwiewać
(informal, intransitive, US) To move or run away quickly.

skeleton /ˈskɛlətən/ /ˈskɛləʔ.n̩/ skeleta skeletons n
szkielet kościec
(anatomy) The system that provides support to an organism, internal and made up of bones and cartilage in vertebrates, external in some other animals.
kościej kościotrup
An anthropomorphic representation of a skeleton.
szkielet chudzielec
(figuratively) A very thin person.
szkielet
(figuratively) The central core of something that gives shape to the entire structure.
(architecture) A frame that provides support to a building or other construction.

skeleton in the cupboard skeletons in the cupboard n
szkielet w szafie trup w szafie
(UK, idiomatic) A shameful secret.

skeletonless adj
bezszkieletowy

skeptic /ˈskɛp.tɪk/ skeptics n
sceptyczka sceptyk
Someone who doubts beliefs, claims, plans, etc that are accepted by others as true or appropriate, especially one who habitually does so.

skeptical /ˈskɛptɪkəl/ more skeptical most skeptical adj
sceptyczny
Having, or expressing doubt; questioning.
Of or relating to philosophical skepticism or the skeptics.

skepticism /ˈskɛp.tɪˌsɪ.zəm/ skepticisms n
sceptycyzm
The doctrine that absolute knowledge is not possible
A methodology that starts from a neutral standpoint and aims to acquire certainty through scientific or logical observation.
Doubt or disbelief of religious doctrines

skerry /ˈskɛɹi/ skerries n
szkier szer
A small rocky island which may be covered by the sea at high tide or during storms.

sketch /skɛt͡ʃ/ sketches n
szkic
A rapidly executed freehand drawing that is not intended as a finished work, often consisting of a multitude of overlapping lines.
schemat szkic
A rough design, plan, or draft, as a rough draft of a book.
skecz
A brief, light, or unfinished dramatic, musical, or literary work or idea; especially a short, often humorous or satirical scene or play, frequently as part of a revue or variety show.

sketch /skɛt͡ʃ/ v
szkicować naszkicować
(ambitransitive) To make a brief, basic drawing.
(transitive) To describe briefly and with very few details.

sketchbook sketchbooks n
szkicownik
A book or pad with blank pages for sketching; a sketch pad.

skew /skju/ /skjuː/ more skew most skew skewer skewest adj
skośny
(not comparable) Neither parallel nor perpendicular to a certain line; askew.

skewer /ˈskjuː.ə/ /ˈskjuː.ɚ/ skewers n
szpikulec rożen
A long pin, normally made of metal or wood, used to secure food during cooking.

ski /skiː/ /ʃiː/ skis n
narta narta wodna
One of a pair of long flat runners designed for gliding over snow or water.

ski /skiː/ /ʃiː/ v
zjeżdżać na nartach jeździć na nartach
(transitive) To travel over (a slope, etc.) on skis; to travel on skis at (a place), (especially as a sport).

ski jump ski jumps n
skocznia
(skiing) The ramp used in the sport of ski jumping

ski jumper ski jumpers n
skoczek narciarski skoczkini narciarska
Someone who competes in ski jumping

ski jumping n
skoki narciarskie
A winter sport in which skiers ski down a take-off ramp and attempt to jump as far as possible.

ski lift ski lifts n
wyciąg narciarski
A device that transports skiers up a mountain.

ski resort ski resorts n
ośrodek narciarski
A resort providing accommodation and facilities for skiers.

skier /ˈskiːə(ɹ)/ skiers n
narciarz narciarka
One who skis.

skiing /ˈski.ɪŋ/ n
narciarstwo
(sports) A group of sports utilizing skis as primary equipment.

skilandis n
kindziuk

skill /skɪl/ skills n
umiejętność
Capacity to do something well; technique, ability. Skills are usually acquired or learned, as opposed to abilities, which are often thought of as innate.

skilled /skɪld/ more skilled most skilled adj
umiejętny
Having or showing skill; skillful.

skim /skɪm/ v
rikoszetować
(intransitive) To ricochet.

skim milk skim milks n
chude mleko mleko odtłuszczone
(North America, Australia) Non-fat milk; milk that has had the cream removed.

skimmer skimmers n
szumówka łyżka cedzakowa
A sieve-like, slotted spoon.
brzytwodziób
Any of three species of bird in the genus Rynchops of the family Laridae, that feed by skimming the surface of water bodies with their bills in flight.

skimpy /ˈskɪmpi/ skimpier skimpiest adj
skąpy
Small or inadequate; not generous; diminutive.
kusy
Of a garment, very small, light, or revealing.

skin /skɪn/ skins n
skóra skin
(uncountable) The outer protective layer of the body of any animal, including of a human.
skórka skóra
(uncountable) The outer protective layer of the fruit of a plant.
skóra
(countable) The skin and fur of an individual animal used by humans for clothing, upholstery, etc.
kożuch skóra
(countable) A congealed layer on the surface of a liquid.
skórka karnacja kompozycja
(countable, computing, graphical user interface) A set of resources that modifies the appearance and/or layout of the graphical user interface of a computer program.
skórka
(countable, video games) An alternate appearance (texture map or geometry) for a character model in a video game.
bibułka bletka
(countable, slang) Rolling paper for cigarettes.
bukłak
A vessel made of skin, used for holding liquids.
skin
(nautical) The covering, as of planking or iron plates, outside the framing, forming the sides and bottom of a vessel; the shell; also, a lining inside the framing.

skin /skɪn/ v
zdzierać zedrzeć
(transitive) To injure the skin of.
obdzierać ze skóry obedrzeć ze skóry oskórować skórować
(transitive) To remove the skin and/or fur of an animal or a human.
(transitive) To cover with skin, or as if with skin; hence, to cover superficially.

skin and bones n
skóra i kości
A person or an animal that is emaciated or very thin, as from lack of nutrition.

skin effect skin effects n
naskórkowość zjawisko naskórkowości
(physics) The tendency of alternating current to distribute itself in a conductor such that the current density is greater near the surface than near the core. The effect increases with frequency.

skin flick skin flicks n
film przyrodniczy

skinhead /ˈskɪnhɛd/ skinheads n
skinhead skin skinio łysol łysy
A member of a subculture that arose among working-class youth in late 1960s England or its diaspora, defined by close-cropped or shaven heads and working-class clothing, and often incorrectly associated with violence and white-supremacist or anti-immigrant principles.

skink /skɪŋk/ skinks n
scynk
A lizard of the family Scincidae, having small or reduced limbs or none at all and long tails that are regenerated when shed; a sandfish.

skinny /ˈskɪni/ skinnier skinniest adj
chudy
(informal) Thin, generally in a negative sense (as opposed to slim, which is thin in a positive sense).

skinny dip v
pływać na golasa
To swim naked.

skint /skɪnt/ more skint most skint skinter skintest adj
spłukany
(slang, British, Australian, NZ, Irish) Penniless, poor, impecunious, broke.

skintight adj
obcisły
Conforming tightly to the body, snug against the skin.

skip /skɪp/ skips n
kosz na śmieci

skipjack tuna skipjack tuna skipjack tunas n
bonito
A medium-sized perciform fish in the tuna family, Katsuwonus pelamis.

skipping rope skipping ropes n
skakanka
An item for play or physical exercise consisting of a length of rope with a handle attached to each end, intended to be swung over and under a person jumping in a continual rhythm.

skirmish /ˈskɜːmɪʃ/ /ˈskɝmɪʃ/ skirmishes n
potyczka
(military) A brief battle between small groups, usually part of a longer or larger battle or war.
potyczka utarczka
(figuratively, by extension) Any minor dispute.

skirret skirrets n
kucmerka marek marek kucmerka
An umbelliferous plant (Sium sisarum), cultivated for its sweet edible tuberous roots.

skirt /skɚt/ /skɜːt/ skirts n
spódnica kiecka
An article of clothing, usually worn by women and girls, that hangs from the waist and covers the lower part of the body.
(pejorative, slang) A woman.
spódnica
The part of a dress or robe, etc., that hangs below the waist.

skirt chaser skirt chasers n
bawidamek
(idiomatic) A man with amorous intentions who habitually seeks out female companionship.

skirting board skirting boards n
listwa przypodłogowa
(UK, AU, NZ, finish carpentry, interior decorating) A panel, normally made of wood, between the floor and the interior wall of a structure, or placed in a position that is subject to repeated knocks

skit skits n
skecz
A short comic performance.

skittish /ˈskɪtɪʃ/ [ˈskɪɾɪʃ] more skittish most skittish adj
płochliwy
Easily scared or startled; timid.
płochy
Wanton; changeable; fickle.
Difficult to manage; tricky.

skua /ˈskjuːə/ skuas n
wydrzyk
Any of various predatory seabirds of the family Stercorariidae that often chase other seabirds to steal their catches.

skull /skʌl/ skulls n
czaszka
(anatomy) The main bones of the head considered as a unit; including the cranium, facial bones, and mandible.

skullcap /ˈskʌlkæp/ skullcaps n
jarmułka
A small domed cap that covers the area from the forehead to just above the back of the neck.
tarczyca
(botany) Any of several species of flowering plants of the genus Scutellaria, in the Lamiaceae family.

skunk /skʌŋk/ skunks n
skunks
Any of various small mammals, of the family Mephitidae, native to North and Central America, having a glossy black with a white coat and two musk glands at the base of the tail for emitting a noxious smell as a defensive measure.
śmierdziel
(slang, derogatory, dated) A despicable person.

sky /skaɪ/ skies n
niebo firmament
The atmosphere above a given point, especially as visible from the surface of the Earth as the place where the sun, moon, stars, and clouds are seen.
niebo
With a descriptive word: the part of the sky which can be seen from a specific place or at a specific time; its climate, condition, etc.
niebo niebiosa
(chiefly, literary, and, poetic, archaic) Usually preceded by the: the abode of God or the gods, angels, the souls of deceased people, etc.; heaven; also, powers emanating from heaven.

sky blue more sky blue most sky blue adj
błękitny
Of a vibrant light blue colour, like that of the sky on a fine day.

sky blue sky blues n
błękit błękitność
A vibrant light blue colour, like that of the sky on a fine day.

sky burial sky burials n
pogrzeb powietrzny
A funeral practice in which a human corpse is placed atop a mountain or other outdoor structure to decompose or be eaten by scavenging animals.

skydiver skydivers n
spadochroniarz
Someone who skydives.

skylark /ˈskaɪ.lɑɹk/ /ˈskʌɪ.lɑːk/ skylarks n
skowronek polny skowronek
A small brown passerine bird, Alauda arvensis, that sings as it flies high into the air.

skylight /ˈskaɪˌlaɪt/ skylights n
świetlik
(architecture) A window, dome, or opening in the roof or ceiling, to admit natural light.

skyrmion skyrmions n
skyrmion
(physics, solid state physics, string theory) Any of a particular class of topological soliton that can be used to model certain properties of a nucleon.

skyscraper /ˈskaɪˌskɹeɪp.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈskaɪˌskɹeɪpɚ/ skyscrapers n
drapacz chmur wieżowiec drapacz
(architecture) A very tall building with a large number of floors.

slab /slæb/ slabs n
płyta
A paving stone; a flagstone.

slack /slæk/ slacker slackest adj
rozluźniony
(normally said of a rope) Lax; not tense; not firmly extended.

slack off v
odpuścić sobie
(intransitive, informal) To be deliberately unproductive in one's work or study.

slag /slæɡ/ slags n
żużel
Impurities formed and separated out when a metal is smelted from ore; vitrified cinders.
dziwka puszczalska
Hard aggregate remaining as a residue from blast furnaces, sometimes used as a surfacing material.
(UK, Irish, slang, derogatory) A prostitute or promiscuous woman; a slut.
żużel scoria
Scoria associated with a volcano.

slaked lime slaked limes n
wapno gaszone
Calcium hydroxide, a soft white powder, produced by adding water to quicklime. It is used in making mortar and cement, and has many industrial uses.

slalom /ˈslɑː.ləm/ /ˈslɔ.ləm/ slaloms n
slalom
(countable, sports) A course used for the sport of slalom.

slam /slæm/ slams n
bluzg
(countable, colloquial, US) An insult.

slam /slæm/ v
trzaskać trzasnąć
(transitive, ergative) To shut with sudden force so as to produce a shock and noise.

slander /ˈslandə/ /ˈslaːndə/ /ˈslændɚ/ /ˈslɑːndə/ /ˈslɛndə/ slanders n
oszczerstwo pomówienie zniesławienie
A false or unsupported, malicious statement (spoken, not written), especially one which is injurious to a person's reputation; the making of such a statement.

slander /ˈslandə/ /ˈslaːndə/ /ˈslændɚ/ /ˈslɑːndə/ /ˈslɛndə/ v
szkalować
To utter a slanderous statement about; baselessly speak ill of.

slanderer slanderers n
oszczerca
One who slanders or defames the name or reputation of another person.

slang /slæŋ/ [sleɪŋ] slangs n
slang gwara żargon
Language outside of conventional usage and in the informal register.

slanting /ˈslæntɪŋ/ more slanting most slanting adj
skośny ukośny
Out of the perpendicular, not perpendicular.

slanting /ˈslæntɪŋ/ slantings n
nachylenie pochylenie pochyłość
The state or quality of being slanted.

slap /slæp/ slaps n
policzek klaps klepnięcie
(countable) A blow, especially one given with the open hand, or with something broad and flat.

slap in the face slaps in the face n
liść policzek
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see slap,‎ in,‎ the,‎ face. (This sense is a translation hub.)
policzek
(figuratively) Something unexpectedly said or done which causes shock or offense; an insult, rebuke, or rebuff.

slapdash /ˈslæpdæʃ/ more slapdash most slapdash adj
byle jaki niedbały niestaranny
Produced or carried out hastily; haphazard; careless.

slapdash /ˈslæpdæʃ/ more slapdash most slapdash adv
byle jak niedbale niestarannie
In a hasty or careless manner.

slapstick slapsticks n
slapstick
(uncountable) A style of humor focusing on physical comedy, such as slipping on a banana peel, and with foolish characters who get into humiliating situations.

slash /slaʃ/ /slæʃ/ slashes n
ukośnik
(originally, _, US, typography) The slash mark: the punctuation mark ⟨/⟩, sometimes (often, _, proscribed) inclusive of any mark produced by a similar slashing movement of the pen, as the backslash ⟨\⟩.

slash and burn n
gospodarka żarowa system ogniowy
A technique in agriculture where plant matter is roughly cut down and then burned over to prepare fields for the next crop.

slasher slashers n
slasher
(informal, film) A horror movie with graphic blood and violence; a slasher movie.

slaty-backed gull slaty-backed gulls n
mewa ochocka
Larus schistisagus, a large gull.

slaughter /ˈslɑtɚ/ /ˈslɑɾɚ/ /ˈslɔɾɚ/ /ˈslɔːtə/ slaughters n
ubój
(uncountable) The killing of animals, generally for food.
rzeź masakra pogrom
A massacre; the killing of a large number of people.
pogrom
A rout or decisive defeat.

slaughter /ˈslɑtɚ/ /ˈslɑɾɚ/ /ˈslɔɾɚ/ /ˈslɔːtə/ v
bić rżnąć szlachtować zarzynać zarżnąć zaszlachtować
(transitive) To butcher animals, generally for food.
masakrować zmasakrować
(transitive, intransitive) To massacre people in large numbers.
masakrować rżnąć zarzynać zarżnąć zmasakrować
(transitive) To kill someone or something, especially in a particularly brutal manner.

slaughterhouse slaughterhouses n
rzeźnia
(figuratively) The scene of a massacre.

slave /sleɪv/ slaves n
niewolnik niewolnica rab
A person who is held in servitude as the property of another person, and whose labor (and often also whose body and life) is subject to the owner's volition and control.
niewolnik niewolnica
A sex slave, a person who is forced against their will to perform, for another person or group, sexual acts on a regular or continuing basis.

slave trade slave trades n
handel niewolnikami
traffic in slaves

slaver /ˈsleɪvə/ /ˈsleɪvɚ/ slavers n
handlarz niewolników
A person engaged in the slave trade; a person who buys, sells, or owns slaves.
statek niewolniczy
(nautical) A ship used to transport slaves.

slaver /ˈslævə/ /ˈslævɚ/ v
ślinić się
(intransitive) To drool saliva from the mouth; to slobber.

slavery /ˈsleɪvəɹi/ /ˈsleɪvɹi/ slaveries n
niewolnictwo
An institution or social practice of owning human beings as property, especially for use as forced laborers.
niewola niewolnictwo
A condition of servitude endured by a slave.
(figuratively) A condition in which one is captivated or subjugated, as by greed or drugs.

slavess slavesses n
niewolnica

slavish /ˈsleɪvɪʃ/ more slavish most slavish adj
niewolniczy
in the manner of a slave; abject

sleaze /sliːz/ sleazes n
niemoralność zepsucie zgnilizna
(uncountable) Low moral standards.
gnida kanalia
(informal, countable) A person of low moral standards.

sleazy /ˈsliː.zi/ sleazier sleaziest adj
obskurny podejrzany
Marked by low quality; inferior; inadequate.
obskurny plugawy
Raunchy or perverted in nature; tastelessly sexual.

sled dog sled dogs n
pies zaprzęgowy
Any dog, such as a husky, that pulls a sled as part of a team.

sledge /slɛd͡ʒ/ sledges n
sanie sanki
(British) any type of sled or sleigh.

sledgehammer /ˈslɛd͡ʒhæmə/ /ˈslɛd͡ʒhæmɚ/ sledgehammers n
młot kowalski młot oburęczny
A hammer that consists of a large, heavy, broad and flat block of metal (the head) attached to a handle typically 0.5 meter to 1 meter long. The sledgehammer's design is meant to allow it to be swung powerfully, and to distribute force over a wide area upon impact.

sleek /sliːk/ sleeker sleekest adj
gładki
Having an even, smooth surface; smooth

sleep /slip/ /sliːp/ sleeps n
sen
(uncountable) The state of reduced consciousness during which a human or animal rests in a daily rhythm.
(countable, informal) An act or instance of sleeping.
sen śpioch
(uncountable) Rheum, crusty or gummy discharge found in the corner of the eyes after waking, whether real or a figurative objectification of sleep (in the sense of reduced consciousness).

sleep /slip/ /sliːp/ v
spać
(intransitive) To rest in a state of reduced consciousness.
spać mieścić
(intransitive) To be, or appear to be, in repose; to be quiet; to be unemployed, unused, or unagitated; to rest; to lie dormant.

sleep apnea sleep apneas n
bezdech senny
(pathology, American spelling) Brief interruptions of breathing during sleep.

sleep in /sliːp ɪn/ v
wyspać się wysypiać się
(intransitive, idiomatic) To sleep late; to go on sleeping past one's customary or planned hour.

sleep like a baby v
spać jak dziecko
(simile) To sleep very well, especially peacefully.

sleep like a log /-ˈlɑɡ/ /ˈsliːp ˈla͡ɪk ə ˈlɒɡ/ /ˈsliːp ˈla͡ɪk ə ˈlɔɡ/ v
spać jak kamień spać jak suseł spać jak zabity spać jak dziecko
(simile) To sleep heavily, long and without disturbance.

sleep mask /slip mæsk/ /sliːp mɑːsk/ sleep masks n
maska do spania
a blindfold made to ease sleeping by covering the eyes to block all light.

sleep of the just /ˈslip əv ðə ˈdʒʌst/ /ˈsliːp əv ðə ˈdʒʌst/ n
spać snem sprawiedliwego
A deep and worry-free sleep.

sleep on v
przespać się z tym
(idiomatic) To postpone (a decision) at least overnight, to avoid making a hasty choice.

sleep over v
nocować przenocować
To spend the night as a guest in someone's home.

sleep rough /ˌslip ˈɹʌf/ /ˌsliːp ˈɹaf/ /ˌsliːp ˈɹʌf/ [ˌslɪip ˈɹaf] v
spać na zewnątrz
(idiomatic) Of a homeless person, to sleep outdoors, particularly as opposed to sleeping in a shelter or similar.

sleep schedule sleep schedules n
harmonogram snu
A pattern of sleeping and waking; especially a regular pattern of sleeping and waking designed to promote health.

sleep tight interjection
dobranoc, pchły na noc
(nightly farewell) good night

sleep with v
przespać się
(idiomatic, euphemism) To have sexual intercourse with.

sleep with one eye open v
spać z jednym okiem otwartym

sleeper sleepers n
śpiący
Someone who sleeps.

sleepiness sleepinesses n
senność ospałość śpiączka

sleeping /ˈsliːpɪŋ/ sleepings n
spanie
The state of being asleep, or an instance of this.

sleeping bag /ˈsliːpɪŋ(ɡ) bæɡ/ sleeping bags n
śpiwór
A padded or insulated bag large enough to surround the whole body and which keeps the user warm while sleeping, used as a substitute for bedclothes.

sleeping car sleeping cars n
wagon sypialny
(rail) A railroad car with sleeping facilities for passengers travelling overnight.

sleeping mat sleeping mats n
karimata
A thin mat used to insulate a sleeper from the ground when sleeping outdoors.

sleeping pill sleeping pills n
tabletka nasenna
(pharmaceutical drug) A pill or tablet having a soporific effect.

sleeping sickness sleeping sicknesses n
śpiączka afrykańska
(pathology) Any of several diseases of which lethargy is a major symptom:
especially, African sleeping sickness, an endemic infectious disease of humans and animals in tropical Africa, caused by a parasitic trypanosome, transmitted by the tsetse fly and characterized by fever, severe headache, joint pains and lymph node swelling in the early stages, followed by a neurological phase of extreme weakness, sleepiness, and deep coma leading to death

sleepless /ˈsliːpləs/ more sleepless most sleepless adj
bezsenny
Characterized by an absence of sleep.

sleeplessly more sleeplessly most sleeplessly adv
bezsennie

sleepover sleepovers n
nocowanie
The act of spending the night as a guest in another's house, especially when the participants are children.

sleepwalking sleepwalkings n
somnambulizm sennowłóctwo
The act of walking while not conscious or aware of it, during one's sleep.

sleepy /ˈsliːpi/ sleepier sleepiest adj
śpiący senny
Tired; feeling the need for sleep.

sleepyhead sleepyheads n
śpioch
(informal) A sleepy person.

sleet /sliːt/ sleets n
deszcz ze śniegiem
(chiefly, UK, Ireland, Northeast US) Precipitation in the form of a mixture of rain and snow.
marznący deszcz
(rare) A smooth coating of ice formed on ground or other objects by freezing rain.

sleeve /sliːv/ sleeves n
rękaw koperta
The part of a garment that covers the arm. [from 10th c.]
koperta
A tattoo covering the whole arm.

sleeve board sleeve boards n
rękawnik rękawnik do prasowania
A small ironing board used for ironing sleeves

slender /ˈslɛndə/ /ˈslɛndɚ/ slenderer slenderest adj
szczupły smukły
Thin; slim.

slender-billed gull slender-billed gulls n
mewa cienkodzioba
Chroicocephalus genei, a mid-sized gull which breeds very locally around the Mediterranean and the north of the western Indian Ocean.

sleuth /sluːθ/ sleuths n
ogar
(archaic) A sleuthhound; a bloodhound.

slice /slaɪs/ v
kroić (na kawałki) pokroić (na kawałki)
(transitive) To cut into slices.

slide /slaɪd/ slides n
zjeżdżalnia ślizgawka
An item of play equipment that children can climb up and then slide down again.
osuwisko
The falling of large amounts of rubble, earth and stones down the slope of a hill or mountain; avalanche.
zjeżdżanie
The act of sliding; smooth, even passage or progress.
(baseball) The act of dropping down and skidding into a base
diapozytyw przezrocze przeźrocze slajd
(photography) A transparent plate bearing an image to be projected to a screen.

slide /slaɪd/ v
ślizgać się
(ergative) To (cause to) move in continuous contact with a surface.
(intransitive) To pass along smoothly or unobservedly; to move gently onward without friction or hindrance.
poślizgnąć się
(intransitive, slang) To go; to move from one place or to another.

slide projector slide projectors n
rzutnik rzutnik przezroczy
A device that projects an enlarged image of a photographic slide onto a screen

slide rule slide rules n
suwak logarytmiczny
An analog calculator consisting of three interlocking strips marked with logarithmic scales, such that multiplication, division etc. can be performed by the equivalent of addition and subtraction.

slide tackle slide tackles n
wślizg
(soccer) a tackle to get the ball by sliding on the ground feet-first

slider /ˈslaɪdɚ/ sliders n
suwak
(GUI) A widget allowing the user to select a value or position on a sliding scale.

slight /slaɪt/ [sl̥ɐɪʔ] slighter slightest adj
drobny mały
Trifling; unimportant; insignificant.

slightly /ˈslaɪtli/ more slightly most slightly adv
nieco trochę
(degree) To a small extent or degree.

slim /slɪm/ slimmer slimmest adj
szczupły smukły
Slender, thin.

slime /slaɪm/ slimes n
muł szlam
Soft, moist earth or clay, having an adhesive quality; viscous mud; any substance of a dirty nature, that is moist, soft, and adhesive; bitumen; mud containing metallic ore, obtained in the preparatory dressing.
śluz
Any mucilaginous substance; or a mucus-like substance which exudes from the bodies of certain animals, such as snails or slugs.

slimeball /ˈslaɪmbɔːl/ /ˈslaɪmˌbɔl/ slimeballs n
oblech obleśniak
(originally, US, colloquial, derogatory) A person who is regarded as slimy (that is, sneaky or underhanded) or otherwise undesirable.

sling /ˈslɪŋ/ slings n
proca
(weapon) An instrument for throwing stones or other missiles, consisting of a short strap with two strings fastened to its ends, or with a string fastened to one end and a light stick to the other.
temblak proca
A kind of hanging bandage put around the neck, in which a wounded arm or hand is supported.

sling /ˈslɪŋ/ v
opchać opchnąć opychać
To throw with a circular or arcing motion.
(slang) To sell, peddle, or distribute (often illicitly, e.g. drugs, sex, etc.).
ciskać cisnąć rzucać rzucić
To throw with a sling.

slinger /ˈslɪŋ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈslɪŋ.ɚ/ slingers n
procarz
Someone who slings or who uses a sling.

slingshot /ˈslɪŋʃɒt/ slingshots n
proca
(chiefly, American) A Y-shaped stick with an elastic sling between the arms used for shooting small projectiles.

slink /slɪŋk/ v
skradać się
(intransitive) To sneak about furtively.

slip /slɪp/ slips n
fiszka arkusik
A small piece of paper, especially one longer than it is wide, typically a form for writing on or one giving printed information.

slip /slɪp/ v
poślizgnąć się pośliznąć się
(intransitive) To lose one’s traction on a slippery surface; to slide due to a lack of friction.

slip knot slip knots n
węzeł przesuwany węzeł przesuwny
A knot which attaches a line to an object and tightens when pressure is applied. Also called a running knot.

slip of the tongue slips of the tongue n
przejęzyczenie
(idiomatic) A mistake in speech.

slip out v
chlapać chlapnąć
To be said or revealed by accident.

slip someone's mind v
wypadać z głowy wypaść z głowy

slip-up /ˈslɪpʌp/ slip-ups n
wpadka
(idiomatic) A (small) error or mistake; a (minor) misstep.

slipper /ˈslɪpə(ɹ)/ slippers n
kapeć pantofel klapek laczek
A low soft shoe that can be slipped on and off easily.
kapeć klapek laczek
Such a shoe intended for indoor use; a bedroom or house slipper.

slippery /ˈslɪpəɹi/ /ˈslɪpɹi/ slipperier slipperiest adj
śliski
Of a surface, having low friction, often due to being covered in a non-viscous liquid, and therefore hard to grip, hard to stand on without falling, etc.

slippery jack slippery jacks n
maślak zwyczajny
A mushroom in genus Suillus, family Boletaceae, especially Suillus luteus; boletes, they have no gills, but release spores from tubes ending in open pores.

slippery slope slippery slopes n
równia pochyła
(figuratively) A chain of events that, once initiated, cannot be halted; especially one in which the final outcome is undesirable or precarious.

slipware slipwares n
angoba

slipway slipways n
pochylnia
(nautical) A sloping surface, leading down to the shore or to a river, on which ships are built, repaired or stored and from which they are launched.

slivovitz /ˈslɪvəvɪts/ /ˈslɪvəˌvɪts/ slivovitzes n
śliwowica
(countable, uncountable) A type of rakija made mostly in Eastern European countries from distilled, fermented plum juice.

slob /slɒb/ slobs n
bałaganiara bałaganiarka bałaganiarz
(informal, derogatory) A lazy and slovenly or obese person.

slobber /ˈslɒbə(ɹ)/ v
ślinić się
To allow saliva or liquid to run from one's mouth.

sloboda slobodas slobody n
słoboda
A kind of settlement, village, or suburb in the history of Russia, Belarus and Ukraine.

sloe /ˈsloʊ/ /ˈsləʊ/ sloes n
tarnina ciarka cierniówka tarka
Any of various other plants of the genus Prunus, as a shrub or small tree, Prunus alleghaniensis, bearing dark-purple fruit.

sloe gin /ˈsloʊ ˌdʒɪn/ /ˈsləʊ ˌdʒɪn/ sloe gins n
jałowcówka tarniówka
A dark red liqueur made from sloe berries.

sloe-eyed /ˈsloʊˌaɪd/ /ˈsləʊˌaɪd/ adj
ciemnooki
Having dark eyes.

slog /slɑɡ/ /slɒɡ/ v
taszczyć się
(intransitive) To walk slowly or doggedly, encountering resistance.

slogan /ˈsloʊɡən/ /ˈsləʊɡ(ə)n/ slogans n
slogan hasło
(advertising) A catchphrase associated with a product or service being advertised.

sloop /sluːp/ sloops n
slup
(nautical) A single-masted sailboat with only one headsail.

slop /slɒp/ slops n
pomyje
(internet slang, derogatory) Content or media of little-to-no value, especially that which is produced consistently and according to trends to satisfy a recommendation algorithm or consumerist demands.

slope /sloʊp/ /sləʊp/ slopes n
stok zbocze skarpa
An area of ground that tends evenly upward or downward.
pochylenie
The degree to which a surface tends upward or downward.
nachylenie
(mathematics) The ratio of the vertical and horizontal distances between two points on a line; zero if the line is horizontal, undefined if it is vertical.
żółtek
(vulgar, offensive, ethnic slur) A person of Chinese or other East Asian descent.

sloppy /ˈslɑ.pi/ /ˈslɒp.i/ sloppier sloppiest adj
niechlujny
Messy; not neat, elegant, or careful.

slosh /slɑʃ/ /slɒʃ/ v
bełtać się zbełtać się
(intransitive, of a liquid) To shift chaotically; to splash noisily.

sloth /slɑθ/ /slɒθ/ /slɔθ/ /sləʊθ/, /slɒθ/ sloths n
lenistwo
(uncountable) Laziness; slowness in the mindset; disinclination to action or labour.
leniwiec
(countable) A herbivorous, arboreal South American mammal of the families Megalonychidae and Bradypodidae, noted for its slowness and inactivity.

sloth bear sloth bears n
wargacz
A nocturnal bear, Melursus ursinus, native to South Asia.

slotting machine slotting machines n
dłutownica
A reciprocating machine tool used to cut mortises and to shape openings.

slough /slaʊ/ /sluː/ sloughs n
bagno
(British) A muddy or marshy area.

slough /slʌf/ sloughs n
wylinka
The skin shed by a snake or other reptile.
martwa skóra
Dead skin on a sore or ulcer.

sloven /ˈslʌvən/ slovens n
abnegat
A habitually dirty or untidy man or boy; the male equivalent of slattern, or slut.

slovenliness slovenlinesses n
abnegacja
(uncountable) The state or quality of being slovenly.

slovenly /ˈslɒv.ən.li/ /ˈslʊv.ən.li/ /ˈslʌv.ən.li/ slovenlier slovenliest adj
abnegacki
Having an untidy appearance; unkempt.
Dirty, unwashed; disorderly.
Careless or negligent; sloppy.

slovenly /ˈslɒv.ən.li/ /ˈslʊv.ən.li/ /ˈslʌv.ən.li/ more slovenly most slovenly adv
abnegacko

slow /sloʊ/ /sləʊ/ slower slowest adj
powolny wolny
Taking a long time to move or go a short distance, or to perform an action; not quick in motion; proceeding at a low speed.
Not happening in a short time; spread over a comparatively long time.

slow and steady wins the race proverb
co nagle, to po diable gdy się człowiek śpieszy, to się diabeł cieszy kropla drąży skałę śpiesz się powoli
Patient work will eventually conquer any problem.

slow cooker slow cookers n
wolnowar
A kitchen appliance consisting of a clay pot and its housing with self-contained electrical heating, characterized by a loose-fitting lid, relatively low temperatures, and long cooking times, and used especially in the preparation of stews.

slow down v
spowalniać spowolnić zwalniać zwolnić
(transitive) To reduce the velocity, speed, or tempo of something.

slow news day slow news days n
dzień z niewieloma wiadomościami
(journalism) A time when media organizations publish trivial stories due to the lack of more substantial topics.

slow on the uptake adj
mieć spóźniony zapłon
(colloquial, idiom) Of a person, slow to comprehend or process intellectually.

slow-witted more slow-witted most slow-witted adj
niedomyślny
Lacking a keen or swift intellect, not too bright or not too swift.

slowly /ˈsloʊli/ /ˈsləʊli/ more slowly most slowly slowlier slowliest adv
powoli wolno niemrawo nieprędko nieśpiesznie pomalutku
(manner) At a slow pace.

slowness slownesses n
powolność
The quality or state of being slow.

slowpoke /ˈsloʊˌpoʊk/ slowpokes n
guzdrała maruda ślamazara grzebuła maruder ślamazarnik
(US, Canada, informal, mildly, derogatory) A person who moves slowly or takes a long time to do something.

slowworm /ˈsləʊwɜː(ɹ)m/ slowworms n
padalec
A small Old World lizard, Anguis fragilis, often mistaken for a snake, having no legs and small eyes.

sludge /slʌd͡ʒ/ sludges n
muł szlam
A residual semi-solid material left from industrial, water treatment, or wastewater treatment processes.

slug /slʌɡ/ slugs n
ślimak bezmuszlowy ślimak nagi ślinik
Any of many terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks, having no (or only a rudimentary) shell. [from early 18th c.]

sluggard sluggards n
leń
A person who is lazy, stupid, or idle by habit.

sluggish /ˈslʌɡɪʃ/ more sluggish most sluggish sluggisher sluggishest adj
rozlazły ślamazarny
Habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive
ślamazarny
Slow; having little motion.

sluggishness sluggishnesses n
bezwładność
The property of being sluggish, unable or unwilling to act quickly.

sluice /sljuːs/ /sluːs/ sluices n
śluza
An artificial passage for water, fitted with a valve or gate, for example in a canal lock or a mill stream, for stopping or regulating the flow.

slum /slʌm/ slums n
slums
(countable, pejorative) A dilapidated neighborhood where many people live in a state of poverty.

slumber /ˈslʌm.bə/ /ˈslʌm.bɚ/ slumbers n
drzemka
A very light state of sleep, almost awake.

slumber /ˈslʌm.bə/ /ˈslʌm.bɚ/ v
drzemać zdrzemnąć
(intransitive) To be in a very light state of sleep, almost awake.

slumber party slumber parties n
piżama party
A sleepover; a party where people stay and sleep overnight.

slumlord slumlords n
slumlord

slump /slʌmp/ v
upadać
(transitive, slang) To cause to collapse; to hit hard; to render unconscious; to kill.

slur /slɜː(ɹ)/ slurs n
obelga oszczerstwo
An insult or slight.

slur /slɜː(ɹ)/ v
bełkotać
To run together; to articulate poorly.
To soil; to sully; to contaminate; to disgrace.

slurp /slɜːp/ /slɝp/ v
siorbać
(transitive) To eat or drink noisily.

slurry /ˈslɝ.i/ /ˈslʌ.ɹi/ slurries n
zawiesina
Any flowable suspension of small particles in liquid.
gnojowica
(agriculture) A mixture of animal waste, other organic material and sometimes water, stored in a slurry pit and used as fertilizer; also used in combination, as pig slurry, etc.

slut /slʌt/ /ˈsɫɐt/ sluts n
dziwka kurwa szmata ulicznica
(vulgar, often, _, derogatory) A sexually promiscuous woman.
flejtuch
(archaic, derogatory) A slovenly, untidy person, usually a woman.
suka
(obsolete) A female dog.

slut-shaming v
slut-shaming
act of making a woman feel inferior for sexual activity and desires

sluttiness n
zdzirowatość
(informal) The characteristic or state of being slutty.

slutty /ˈslʌti/ sluttier sluttiest adj
zdzirowaty
(informal) Of, resembling, or suitable for, a slut.

sly /slaɪ/ slier sliest slyer slyest adj
chytry cwany
Artfully cunning; secretly mischievous; wily.

sly as a fox adj
chytry jak lis sprytny jak lis
(simile) Very sly, very cunning.

sly fox sly foxes n
cwaniak baciar szczwany lis szogun
A sly or crafty person.

slyly /ˈslaɪli/ more slyly most slyly adv
chytrze
In a sly manner, cunningly.

smack /smæk/ smacks n
posmak
A distinct flavor, especially if slight.
chlast klaps
A sharp blow; a slap. See also: spank.
nuta
A slight trace of something; a smattering.

smack /smæk/ v
klapnąć plasnąć
To slap or hit someone.

small /smoːl/ /smɑl/ /smɔl/ /smɔːl/ [smoːɫ] smaller smallest adj
mały
Not large or big; insignificant; few in number.
Not prolonged in duration; not extended in time; short.
mały młody
(figuratively, incomparable) Young, as a child.

small beer small beers n
małe piwo
(uncountable, figurative, chiefly, British) Something that is of relatively little importance.
małe piwo piwko
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see small,‎ beer.

small caps n
kapitaliki
(typography) Capital letters shown in the same form but in small size (typically of the same size as lower-case letters).

small change n
bilon
(idiomatic) A minor or insignificant amount of money.

small fry small fries small fry n
blotka błahostka
(idiomatic) One or more relatively small and insignificant individuals or things of relatively little consequence, importance, or value.

small hours n
pogańska godzina
The very early morning, just after midnight, when most people are asleep.

small intestine small intestines n
jelito cienkie
(anatomy) The upper part of the intestine, between the stomach and the large intestine, divided into the duodenum, the jejunum and the ileum.

small screen n
mały ekran
(broadcasting) The broadcast or cable television screen, as opposed to the cinema screen (or big screen); by extension, the television programs themselves.

small talk n
small talk
(idiomatic) Idle conversation, typically on innocuous or unimportant subjects, usually engaged in at social gatherings out of politeness.

small wonder n
nic dziwnego nie dziwota
(idiomatic) An event or fact whose cause or rationale is not difficult to discern; an unsurprising occurrence.

small-minded more small-minded most small-minded smaller-minded smallest-minded adj
małostkowy
Selfish, petty; constrained in thought, limited in scope of consideration, not mindful of the big picture.

small-sized smaller-sized smallest-sized adj
małogabarytowy

smallness smallnesses n
małość
(uncountable) The state or quality of being small.

smallpox /ˈsmɔlpɑks/ /ˈsmɔːlpɒks/ smallpoxes n
ospa czarna ospa ospa prawdziwa
(disease) An acute, highly infectious often fatal disease caused by Variola virus of the family Poxviridae. It was completely eradicated in the 1970s, but still exists in laboratories. Those who survived were left with pockmarks.

smarmy /ˈsmɑɹ.mi/ /ˈsmɑː.mi/ smarmier smarmiest adj
przymilny lizusowski obłudny
Falsely earnest, smug, ingratiating, or pious.

smart /smɑɹt/ /smɑːt/ more smart most smart smarter smartest adj
sprytny bystry zmyślny
(informal) Exhibiting intellectual knowledge, such as that found in books.
sprytny inteligentny umiejętny zręczny
(often, in combination) Equipped with intelligent behaviour (digital/computer technology).
(technology, of human users) Able to see through a false positive of a digital / computer technology equipped with intelligent behavior.
elegancki
Good-looking; well dressed; fine; fashionable.

smart /smɑɹt/ /smɑːt/ v
piec szczypać
(intransitive) To hurt or sting.

smartphone /ˈsmɑɹtfoʊn/ /ˈsmɑːtfəʊn/ smartphones n
smartfon
A mobile phone with more advanced features and greater computing capacity than a featurephone.

smash /smæʃ/ v
miażdżyć zmiażdżyć
(intransitive) To be destroyed by being smashed.

smear /smiɚ/ /smɪə(ɹ)/ /smɪɚ/ smears n
maźnięcie
A mark made by smearing.

smear /smiɚ/ /smɪə(ɹ)/ /smɪɚ/ v
smarować mazać pomazać posmarować
(transitive) To cover (a surface with a layer of some substance) by rubbing.
(transitive) To cause (something) to be a particular colour by covering with a substance.
(transitive) To attempt to remove (a substance) from a surface by rubbing.

smear campaign smear campaigns n
kampania oszczerstw
(idiomatic) An effort to damage or call into question someone's reputation, by propounding negative propaganda.

smearer smearers n
pacykarz
(pejorative) An unskillful painter.

smegma /ˈsmɛɡmə/ smegmas n
mastka
A whitish sebaceous secretion that collects between the glans penis and foreskin or in the vulva.

smell /smɛl/ smells n
węch zmysł powonienia
A sensation, pleasant or unpleasant, detected by inhaling air (or, the case of water-breathing animals, water) carrying airborne molecules of a substance.
zapach woń pach
A conclusion or intuition that a situation is wrong, more complex than it seems, or otherwise inappropriate.

smell /smɛl/ v
wąchać powąchać
(transitive) To sense a smell or smells.
pachnieć wonieć wąchać
(intransitive, copulative) Followed by like or of if descriptive: to have a particular smell, whether good or bad.

smell a rat /ˈsmɛl ə ˈɹæt/ v
czuć pismo nosem
(idiomatic) To sense something suspicious.

smell fishy v
coś się święci

smell-brain n
węchomózgowie
(neuroanatomy) The part of the brain involved with smelling.

smelling salt smelling salts n
sole trzeźwiące
(usually, in the plural) ammonium carbonate, sometimes with added perfume, that is inhaled as a mild irritant to the mucous membranes, to help restore consciousness.

smelly /ˈsmɛli/ smellier smelliest adj
cuchnący smrodliwy śmierdzący
(figuratively, computing, slang, in extreme programming) Having signs that suggest a design problem; having a code smell.

smelt /ˈsmɛlt/ smelts n
stynka
Any small anadromous fish of the family Osmeridae, found in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and in lakes in North America and northern part of Europe.

smetana /ˈsmɛ.tə.nə/ n
śmietana
A form of soured cream or crème fraîche from Central and Eastern Europe.

smidgen /ˈsmɪd͡ʒən/ smidgens n
kapka
A very small quantity or amount.

smilax smilaxes n
kolcorośl
Any member of the Smilax genus of greenbriers.

smile /ˈsmaɪ.əl/ /ˈsmaɪl/ smiles n
uśmiech
A facial expression comprised by flexing the muscles of both ends of one's mouth, often showing the front teeth, without vocalisation, and in humans is a common involuntary or voluntary expression of happiness, pleasure, amusement, goodwill, or anxiety.

smile /ˈsmaɪ.əl/ /ˈsmaɪl/ v
uśmiechać uśmiechnąć
(ambitransitive) To have (a smile) on one's face.

smile from ear to ear v
uśmiechać się od ucha do ucha uśmiechnąć się od ucha do ucha
(idiomatic) To smile widely or expressively; to be in a state of great happiness.

smiley /ˈsmaɪli/ smileys smilies n
buźka
A simplified representation of a smiling face.

smiling /ˈsmaɪlɪŋ/ more smiling most smiling adj
uśmiechnięty
That smiles or has a smile.

smite /smaɪt/ v
mach raz
(archaic) To hit; to strike.

smith /smɪθ/ smiths n
kowal
A craftsperson who works metal into desired forms using a hammer and other tools, sometimes heating the metal to make it more workable, especially a blacksmith.

smithereens /smɪðəˈɹiːnz/ /ˌsmɪðəˈɹinz/ n
kawałeczki
(originally, Ireland, informal) Fragments or splintered pieces; numerous tiny disconnected items.

smithsonite smithsonites n
smithsonit
(mineral) A mineral form of zinc carbonate, ZnCO3, mined as an ore of zinc or as an ornamental stone.

smock /smɑk/ /smɒk/ smocks n
kitel
A type of undergarment worn by women; a shift or slip.
A loose garment worn as protection by a painter, etc.
bluza
A blouse; a smock frock.

smock mill smock mills n
wiatrak holenderski
A windmill of which only the cap turns round to meet the wind. It is different from a post mill, whose whole building turns on a post.

smog /smɑɡ/ /smɒɡ/ /smɔɡ/ smogs n
smog
A noxious mixture of particulates and gases that is the result of urban air pollution.

smoke /smoʊk/ /smoːk/ /sməʊk/ smokes n
dym
(uncountable) The visible vapor/vapour, gases, and fine particles given off by burning or smoldering material.
fajka
(colloquial, countable) A cigarette.

smoke /smoʊk/ /smoːk/ /sməʊk/ v
palić dymić
(transitive) To inhale and exhale the smoke from a burning cigarette, cigar, pipe, etc.
(intransitive) To inhale and exhale tobacco smoke.
dymić kopcić palić
(intransitive) To give off smoke.
wędzić palić
(transitive) To preserve or prepare (food) for consumption by treating with smoke.

smoke detector smoke detectors n
wykrywacz dymu
A device that sounds an alarm when it detects smoke or other evidence of fire.

smoke grenade smoke grenades n
granat dymny
A bomb that generates thick smoke when it explodes; used especially to produce a smokescreen.

smoke like a chimney v
palić jak smok palić jak lokomotywa
(idiomatic, simile) To smoke tobacco frequently.

smoke-filled adj
zadymiony

smokebox /sməʊkbɒks/ smokeboxes n
dymnica
A chamber in which smoke passes from a boiler before being vented through a chimney.

smoked /smoʊkt/ /sməʊkt/ adj
wędzony
Of food, treated with smoke, often for flavor or as a method of preservation.

smoked salmon smoked salmons n
wędzony łosoś
edible raw salmon that is cut into strips and cured by smoking.

smokehouse /ˈsmoʊkˌhaʊs/ smokehouses n
wędzarnia
A structure used to smoke food to preserve it and to add flavor.

smokeless adj
bezdymny
Without smoke.

smokeless powder smokeless powders n
proch bezdymny
An explosive, similar to gunpowder, consisting of nitrocellulose mixed with nitroglycerine or nitroguanidine; it burns with very little smoke.

smokelessly adv
bezdymnie
Without smoke; in a smokeless manner.

smoker /ˈsmoʊkɚ/ smokers n
palacz palaczka fajczarka paląca fajczarz palący
A person who smokes tobacco habitually.
wędzarka wędzarnia
(informal, dated) An informal social gathering for men only, at which smoking tobacco is allowed.

smokery smokeries n
wędzarnia
A facility for smoking food, typically fish and meat, especially on a commercial scale.

smokescreen smokescreens n
zasłona dymna
Smoke used as a disguise, mask or cover, as of troops in battle.
(figuratively) Anything used metaphorically to conceal or distract.

smoking /ˈsmoʊkɪŋ/ /ˈsməʊkɪŋ/ smokings n
palenie
The burning and inhalation of tobacco.
The act of exposing (something) to smoke; (by extension) the process by which foods are cured or flavoured by smoke

smoking jacket smoking jackets n
bonżurka
A men's jacket designed to be worn while smoking tobacco, typically made of soft fabric with a tie belt.

smoking room smoking rooms n
palarnia
A room designated for people who wish to smoke.

smoky eyes n
przydymione oko

smolder /ˈsmoʊldɚ/ v
tlić się tleć
(intransitive, now, US) To burn with no flame and little smoke.
gotować się
(intransitive, figuratively) To show signs of repressed anger or suppressed mental turmoil or other strong emotion, such as passion.

smooth /smuːð/ smoother smoothest adj
gładki
Having a texture that lacks friction. Not rough.
Bland; glib.
(mathematics, of a function) Having derivatives of all finite orders at all points within the function’s domain.

smooth breathing n
przydech słaby
(orthography) A diacritic mark (᾿/◌̓) in Ancient, Medieval and Modern Greek used to indicate absence of aspiration for an initial vowel, and sometimes for rho, e.g. ἀ, ῤ

smooth muscle smooth muscles n
mięsień gładki
(muscle) Involuntary muscle which is found within the intestines, throat, uterus, and blood vessel walls.

smooth talk n
bajeranctwo

smooth talk v
bajerować zabajerować zbajerować

smooth talker smooth talkers n
bajerant bajerantka

smoothbore adj
gładkolufowy
(of, firearms) Having a bore with a smooth interior, i.e. one that has not been rifled.

smoothie /ˈsmuːði/ smoothies n
pochlebca
A smooth-talking person.
smoothie
A drink made from whole fruit, thus thicker than fruit juice.

smoothly /ˈsmuːðli/ more smoothly most smoothly smoothlier smoothliest adv
gładko
in a smooth manner

smoothness smoothnesses n
gładkość
The condition of being smooth; the degree or measure of said condition.

smorgasbord /ˈsmɔɹɡəsˌbɔɹd/ /ˈsmɔːɡæs(ˌ)bɔːd/ /ˈsmɔːɡəs(ˌ)bɔːd/ /ˈsmɜːɡəs(ˌ)bɔːd/ /ˈsmɜːɡəʊs(ˌ)bʊəd/ /ˈʃmɔɹ-/ smorgasbords n
szwedzki stół bufet szwedzki
A Swedish-style buffet comprising a variety of cold sandwiches and other dishes; (by extension) any buffet with a wide selection of dishes.

smother /ˈsmʌðɚ/ v
zdusić
(transitive) To extinguish or deaden, as fire, by covering, overlaying, or otherwise excluding the air.
przydusić
(transitive) To reduce to a low degree of vigor or activity; suppress or do away with; extinguish
dusić
(transitive, cooking) To cook in a close dish.
udusić
(intransitive) To be suffocated.

smuggle /ˈsmʌɡəl/ v
przemycać przemycić
(transitive, intransitive) To import or export, illicitly or by stealth, without paying lawful customs charges or duties

smuggler /ˈsmʌɡ.lə(ɹ)/ /ˈsmʌɡ.əl.ə(ɹ)/ smugglers n
kontrabandzista przemytnik szmugler kontrabandzistka przemytniczka szmuglerka
One who smuggles things.

smuggling smugglings n
przemyt kontrabanda szmugiel szmuglerka
An act of something being smuggled.

smurf /smɜːf/ /smɝf/ smurfs smurves n
smerf
(comics, fictional character) A blue pixie with white stocking cap, from the media franchise The Smurfs.

smut /smʌt/ smuts n
głownia
Any of a range of fungi, mostly Ustilaginomycetes, that cause plant disease in grasses, including cereal crops; the disease so caused.

snack /snæk/ snacks n
przekąska
A light meal.
An item of food eaten between meals.

snack bar /ˈsnækbɑɹ/ /ˈsnækbɑː/ snack bars n
bar szybkiej obsługi bufet
A small restaurant serving light meals.

snag /ˈsnæɡ/ snags n
sęk tylec
A stump or base of a branch that has been lopped off; a short branch, or a sharp or rough branch.
odrostek
One of the secondary branches of an antler.

snag /ˈsnæɡ/ v
zadrzeć
To catch or tear (e.g. fabric) upon a rough surface or projection.

snail /sneɪl/ [sn̥eɪ̯ɫ] snails n
ślimak
Any of very many animals (either hermaphroditic or nonhermaphroditic), of the class Gastropoda, having a coiled shell.
osoba, która wlecze się
(informal, by extension) A slow person; a sluggard.

snail's pace n
żółwim krokiem
(informal) A very slow pace.

snake /sneɪk/ snakes n
wąż
A legless reptile of the suborder Serpentes with a long, thin body and a fork-shaped tongue.
wąż bazyliszek żmija
A treacherous person; a rat.

snake /sneɪk/ v
wić się
(intransitive) To follow or move in a winding route.

snake charmer snake charmers n
zaklinacz węży
A performer who entertains crowds by performing tricks with dangerous snakes.

snake eagle snake eagles n
gadożer
Any bird of prey in the Circaetinae subfamily, especially the Circaetus genus.

snake wine snake wines n
żmijówka

snakefly snakeflies n
wielbłądka
Any insect of the order Raphidioptera.

snakelet snakelets n
wężyk
A baby snake.

snakelike more snakelike most snakelike adj
wężowaty
Resembling a snake; long, thin and flexible, or waving about in a snake-like manner; snaky.

snaky /ˈsneɪki/ snakier snakiest adj
wężowy
Resembling or relating to snakes; snakelike.

snap /snæp/ snaps n
napa zatrzask
A fastening device that makes a snapping sound when used.

snap /snæp/ v
odpyskiwać odpyskować odpyskowywać
(transitive, dated) To speak to abruptly or sharply; to treat snappishly; usually with up.
pstrykać palcami pstryknąć palcami
(transitive) A video of a person snapping their fingers. Alternative snapping technique To snap one's fingers: to make a snapping sound, often by pressing the thumb and an opposing finger of the same hand together and suddenly releasing the grip so that the finger hits against the palm; alternatively, by bringing the index finger quickly down onto the middle finger and thumb.

snap election /ˌsnæp iˈlɛkʃ(ə)n/ /ˌsnæp ɪˈlɛkʃ(ə)n/ snap elections n
przedterminowe wybory
(politics) An election that is called earlier than the regularly scheduled election time.

snap fastener snap fasteners n
zatrzask
a pair of male/female interlocking disks used to fasten a piece of clothing in place of buttons

snapdragon /ˈsnæpdɹæɡən/ snapdragons n
lwia paszcza wyżlin
(countable) Any plant of the genus Antirrhinum, with showy yellow, white or red flowers.

snapping turtle snapping turtles n
skorpucha jaszczurowata
Any of several large American freshwater turtles of the family Chelydridae, which have powerful hooked jaws that close with a snap.

snapshot /ˈsnæpʃɒt/ snapshots n
migawka
A glimpse of something; a portrayal of something at a moment in time.

snare /snɛ(ə)ɹ/ /snɛə/ snares n
sidło pułapka sidła
A mental or psychological trap.
werbel
(music) A set of stiff wires held under tension against the lower skin of a drum to create a rattling sound.

snare drum snare drums n
werbel
A tubular drum with skins stretched over the top and bottom, and having a set of chains that can be applied to the bottom skin to create a rattling sound.

snarky /ˈsnɑɹ.ki/ /ˈsnɑː.ki/ snarkier snarkiest adj
cięty kąśliwy
(informal, often humorous) Snide and sarcastic; usually out of irritation.

snarl /ˈsnɑː(ɹ)l/ snarls n
węzeł
A knot or complication of hair, thread, or the like, difficult to disentangle.
warczenie warknięcie
The act of snarling; a growl; a surly or peevish expression; an angry contention.

snarl /ˈsnɑː(ɹ)l/ v
zaplątywać się
(transitive) To entangle; to complicate; to involve in knots.
warczeć
(intransitive) To growl angrily by gnashing or baring the teeth; to gnarl; to utter grumbling sounds.
odburkiwać odwarkiwać
(intransitive) To speak crossly; to talk in rude, surly terms.

snatch /snæt͡ʃ/ snatches n
rwanie
(weightlifting) A competitive weightlifting event in which a barbell is lifted from the platform to locked arms overhead in a smooth continuous movement.

snath /snæθ/ snaths n
kosisko stylisko
The shaft of a scythe.

sneak up v
skradać się
To approach a person or animal without being seen or heard
To deliver a sudden effect, often unexpectedly and without warning.

sneaker /ˈsnikɚ/ sneakers n
adidas tenisówki trampek
(US, Atlantic Canada, Australia, New Zealand) An athletic shoe with a soft, rubber sole. A trainer.

sneer /snɪə̯/ /snɪɚ̯/ v
drwić kpić szydzić
(transitive) To utter with a grimace or contemptuous expression; to say sneeringly.

sneeze /sniːz/ sneezes n
kichnięcie
An act of sneezing.

sneeze /sniːz/ v
kichać kichnąć
(intransitive) To expel air as a reflex induced by an irritation in the nose.

sneezewort sneezeworts n
krwawnik kichawiec
Achillea ptarmica, a hardy flowering plant, poisonous to cattle, sheep and horses, but with various herbal applications in humans.

snicker /ˈsnɪk.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈsnɪkɚ/ snickers n
chichot
A stifled or broken laugh.

snicker /ˈsnɪk.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈsnɪkɚ/ v
chichotać
(intransitive) To emit a snicker, a stifled or broken laugh.

sniff /snəf/ /snɪf/ v
niuchać pociągać nosem węszyć
(ambitransitive) To make a short, audible inhalation, through the nose, as when smelling something.
wybrzydzać
To be dismissive or contemptuous of something; used with at.

sniff out v
wywęszyć
(transitive) To find (something) by using the sense of smell.

sniffer sniffers n
sniffer
(networking) A software or hardware tool for intercepting and logging network traffic.

snip /snɪp/ v
ciachać ciachnąć
To cut with short sharp actions, as with scissors.

snipe /snaɪp/ snipe snipes n
bekas kszyk bekas kszyk
Any of various limicoline game birds of the genera Gallinago, Lymnocryptes and Coenocorypha in the family Scolopacidae, having a long, slender, nearly straight beak.

sniper /ˈsnaɪ.pɚ/ snipers n
snajper strzelec wyborowy
A person using long-range small arms for precise attacks from a concealed position.

snippet /ˈsnɪpɪt/ [ˈsnɪpɪ̈(ʔ)t̚] snippets n
fragment skrawek strzęp
A small part of something, such as a song or fabric; sample.

snitch /snɪt͡ʃ/ snitches n
złodziej
(slang) A thief.
kapuś donosiciel
(slang) An informer, one who betrays their group.
kinol nochal
(slang, British) A nose.

snob /snɑb/ /snɒb/ snobs n
snob
(informal, derogatory) A person who wishes to be seen as a member of the upper classes and who looks down on those perceived to have inferior or unrefined tastes. [from 20th c.]

snobbery snobberies n
snobizm
The property or trait of being a snob.

snobbishness snobbishnesses n
snobizm
(uncountable) The state or quality of being snobbish.

snog /snɒɡ/ v
migdalić się uderzać w ślinę
(British, AU, colloquial) To kiss passionately.

snooker /ˈsnuːkə(ɹ)/ /ˈsnʊkɚ/ snookers n
snooker
A cue sport, popular in the UK and other Commonwealth of Nations countries.

snoop /snuːp/ v
szpiegować węszyć
To secretly spy on or investigate, especially into the private personal life of others.

snooze /snuːz/ snoozes n
drzemka
A brief period of sleep; a nap.

snooze /snuːz/ v
zdrzemnąć się

snooze button snooze buttons n
przycisk drzemki

snore /sno(ː)ɹ/ /snoə/ /snɔɹ/ /snɔː/ v
chrapać
To breathe during sleep with harsh, snorting noises caused by vibration of the soft palate.

snoring /ˈsnɔːɹɪŋ/ snorings n
chrapanie
The action or sound of breathing during sleep with harsh, snorting noises caused by vibration of the soft palate.

snorkel snorkels n
fajka rurka
(underwater diving) A hollow tube, held in the mouth, or mounted on and opening into a diving mask, used by swimmers for breathing underwater.

snort /snɔɹt/ v
parskać fyrkać fyrknąć parsknąć prychać prychnąć
(intransitive) To make a snort; to exhale roughly through the nose.

snot /snɒt/ snots n
smark smarki
(informal, uncountable, sometimes, slightly, vulgar) Mucus, especially mucus from the nose.
gnojek gnój gołowąs grzdyl gówniak gówniarz
(slang, countable) A contemptible child.

snot-nosed more snot-nosed most snot-nosed adj
smarkacz
(idiomatic) Young and arrogant or conceited.

snotnose snotnoses n
smarkacz smarkaczka
One who is snot-nosed.

snout /snaʊt/ /snʌʊt/ snouts n
ryj
The long, projecting nose, mouth, and jaw of a beast, as of pigs.
The front of the prow of a ship or boat. [First attested in 1387.]
The anterior prolongation of the head of a gastropod; a rostrum.

snow /snoʊ/ /snəʊ/ [snoʊ̯] [snəʊ̯] snows n
śnieg opad śniegu śniegopad
(uncountable) The frozen, crystalline state of water that falls as precipitation.
śnieg
(uncountable) Any similar frozen form of a gas or liquid.
(countable) A snowfall; a blanket of frozen, crystalline water.
(uncountable) The moving pattern of random dots displayed on a television, etc., when no transmission signal is being received.
Marine snow
(informal, plural) Snow tires.
śnieg śnieżnobiały
(uncountable) A shade of the color white.
śnieg koka
(uncountable, slang) Cocaine.

snow /snoʊ/ /snəʊ/ [snoʊ̯] [snəʊ̯] v
śnieżyć prószyć sypać śnieg pada
(impersonal) To have snow fall from the sky.

snow bunting snow buntings n
śnieguła śnieguła zwyczajna śnieżka
A finch, Plectrophenax nivalis, having white plumage, widely distributed in northern latitudes.

snow cannon snow cannons n
armatka śnieżna
A machine that spurts out snow over pistes where there is little or no snow cover.

snow cover snow covers n
pokrywa śnieżna
A covering of snow

snow globe snow globes n
śnieżna kula
A decorative object or toy containing a model of a landscape, fluid and suspended white flakes that emulate snowfall when shaken.

snow goose snow geese n
śnieżyca duża gęś śnieżna
A goose of the species Chen caerulescens, native to North America.

snow groomer snow groomers n
ratrak
A vehicle used to prepare snow for recreational uses, such as skiing.

snow leopard snow leopards n
pantera śnieżna irbis irbis śnieżny
A large feline mammal, Panthera uncia (syn. Uncia uncia), native to mountain ranges of central Asia.

snow pea snow peas n
groch cukrowy
A group of pea (Pisum sativum) cultivars, with flat and edible pods.

snow-capped adj
ośnieżony zaśnieżony
Covered with snow at the top, especially of a hill or mountain.

snow-covered more snow-covered most snow-covered adj
zaśnieżony
Snowy; covered with snow.

snow-white adj
śnieżnobiały
As white as snow; exceptionally white.

snowball /ˈsnoʊbɑl/ /ˈsnoʊbɔl/ /ˈsnəʊbɔːl/ snowballs n
kulka śniegowa śnieżka kulka śnieżna
A ball of snow, usually one made in the hand and thrown for amusement in a snowball fight; also a larger ball of snow made by rolling a snowball around in snow that sticks to it and increases its diameter.

snowball effect snowball effects n
efekt kuli śnieżnej
An accelerating growth of magnitude, including fame, fortune, importance, or danger.

snowball fight snowball fights n
śnieżki
A scuffle or play fight whose object is to hit opponents with snowballs.

snowbird /ˈsnoʊbɝːd/ /ˈsnəʊbɜːd/ snowbirds n
junko zwyczajny
A bird, Junco hyemalis, the dark-eyed junco.

snowboard /ˈsnoʊˌbɔɹd/ /ˈsnəʊˌbɔːd/ snowboards n
deska snowboardowa snowboard
A board, somewhat like a broad ski, or a very long skateboard with no wheels, used in the sport of snowboarding.

snowboarding n
snowboard
The sport of sliding downhill on a snowboard.

snowboot snowboots n
śniegowiec
A water-resistant type of footwear with extra insulation or lining.

snowcat snowcats n
ratrak
A truck-like enclosed vehicle on tracks, designed to move on snow.

snowdrift /ˈsnəʊdɹɪft/ snowdrifts n
zaspa zaspa śnieżna
A bank of snow accumulated by the wind.

snowdrop /ˈsnoʊ.dɹɑp/ /ˈsnəʊ.dɹɒp/ snowdrops n
przebiśnieg śnieżyczka śnieżyczka przebiśnieg
Any of the 20 species of the genus Galanthus of the Amaryllidaceae, bulbous flowering plants, bearing a solitary, pendulous, white, bell-shaped flower that appears, depending on species, between autumn and late winter or early spring, all native to temperate Eurasia.

snowfall /ˈsnoʊfɔːl/ snowfalls n
opad śniegu
An instance of falling of snow.

snowflake /ˈsnoʊ.fleɪk/ /ˈsnəʊ.fleɪk/ snowflakes n
płatek śniegu śnieżynka
A crystal of snow, having approximate hexagonal symmetry.
śnieżyca
Any of several bulbous European plants, of the genus Leucojum, having white flowers.

snowless adj
bezśnieżny
Without snow, not having any snow

snowman /ˈsnoʊ.mæn/ /ˈsnəʊ.mæn/ snowmen n
bałwan
A humanoid figure made with large snowballs stacked on each other. Human traits like a face and arms may be fashioned with sticks (arms), a carrot (nose), and stones or coal (eyes, mouth).

snowmanlike more snowmanlike most snowmanlike adj
bałwaniasty bałwanisty bałwanowy

snowmobile snowmobiles n
skuter śnieżny motor śnieżny
(vehicle) A vehicle with skis at the front and a caterpillar track at the rear, used for travelling over snow, sometimes as sport.

snowplow snowplows n
odśnieżarka pług śnieżny
A motorized vehicle that is used to push snow off flat surfaces such as roads and parking lots.
pług śnieżny odśnieżarka
A device attached to a vehicle to enable it to be used for removing snow.

snowshoe /ˈsnoʊʃu/ snowshoes n
rakieta śnieżna
A flat item of footwear worn to facilitate walking in deep snow.

snowstorm /ˈsnəʊstɔːm/ snowstorms n
zamieć zawieja śnieżyca
Bad weather involving blowing winds and snow, or blowing winds and heavy snowfall amount.

snowwoman snowwomen n
bałwanica

snowy /snəʊi/ snowier snowiest adj
śnieżny
Marked by snow, characterized by snow.

snowy owl snowy owls n
sowa śnieżna
A large, white, nomadic Arctic owl, Bubo scandiacus.

snub /snʌb/ snubs n
awania obraza
A deliberate affront or slight.

snub-nosed monkey snub-nosed monkeys n
rokselana
Any monkey of the old-world genus Rhinopithecus.

snuffbox snuffboxes n
tabakiera tabakierka
A small box or container to hold snuff or loose tobacco.

snug as a bug in a rug adj
jak u Pana Boga za piecem
(simile, colloquial) Very cosy and comfortable.

so /soʊ/ /səʊ/ more so most so adj
tak
As what was or will be mentioned.
(dated, UK, slang) Homosexual.
tak więc tak więc aby aż cóż, więc
In that state or manner; with that attribute. A proadjective that replaces the aforementioned adjective phrase.

so /soʊ/ /səʊ/ adv
tak więc tak więc aż cóż, więc dlatego
To the (explicitly stated) extent that.
tak więc cóż, więc no no i zatem
To the (implied) extent.
(with as): To such an extent or degree; as.
tak
Very much.
tak tak więc aby cóż, więc no no i
In a particular manner.
więc tak więc cóż, więc dlatego no no i
In the same manner or to the same extent as aforementioned; also.

so /soʊ/ /səʊ/ conjunction
tak aby żeby
Reduced form of 'so that', used to express purpose; in order that.
więc dlatego przeto tak że toteż zatem
With the result that; for that reason; therefore.
tak aż
Used to connect previous conversation or events to the following question.
tak tak więc cóż, więc no no i zatem
Used to introduce a rhetorical question.

so /soʊ/ /səʊ/ interjection
tak tak więc aby cóż, więc no no i
Used after a pause for thought to introduce a new topic, question or story, or a new thought or question in continuation of an existing topic.
tak więc aby dlatego przeto tak że
Used as a question to ask for further explanation of something said, often rhetorically or in a dismissive or impolite manner.
tak więc aż dlatego przeto tak że
Used as a meaningless filler word to begin a response to a question.
tak
(archaic) Be as you are; stand still; used especially to cows; also used by sailors.

so be it phraseologicalUnit
niech będzie
(idiomatic, subjunctive) An indication of acceptance, especially of a situation which is not entirely favorable.

so far adv
dotychczas dotąd
(idiomatic) Until now; previously; yet.

so help me God phraseologicalUnit
tak mi dopomóż Bóg
Used as an oath, a promise that an action will be carried out

so many adj
tyle
A certain number of
aż tyle
Great in number; very numerous; a large number of

so much adj
aż tyle
To such a quantity, degree etc.

so much as adv
choćby
Even; suggests a minimum, especially regarding what might be expected.

so much for phraseologicalUnit
tyle z
(idiomatic) An expression of dismissiveness, disappointment, disregard, or resignation; something said upon rejecting, giving up on, quitting, or disposing of something.

so much so conjunction
aż na tyle

so much the better phraseologicalUnit
tym lepiej
That is or would be even better.

so that conjunction
żeby aby ażeby by
Indicates purpose; in order that, with the result that.

so to speak adv
że tak powiem jakby w pewnym sensie
In a manner of speaking.

so what interjection
i co z tego?
(colloquial, rhetorical question, impolite) A reply to an unimportant or irrelevant statement, indicating indifference on the part of the speaker.

so-and-so so-and-sos n
taki owaki
(euphemistic, derogatory) Used in place of epithets such as SOB, bastard, etc.

so-called /ˈsoʊˌkɔld/ /ˈsəʊˌkɔːld/ adj
tak zwany tzw.
So named; commonly called.

so-so /ˈsəʊˌsəʊ/ /ˌsəʊˈsəʊ/ adj
tak sobie średnio
(informal) Neither good nor bad; tolerable, passable, indifferent.

soak /soʊk/ /səʊk/ v
przemaczać się przemoczyć się przesiąknąć
(intransitive) To be saturated with liquid by being immersed in it.
przemaczać przemoczyć
(transitive) To immerse in liquid to the point of saturation or thorough permeation.

soaked /səʊkt/ more soaked most soaked adj
namokły przemoczony przemoknięty przemokły przesiąknięty zmoknięty
Drenched with water, or other liquid.

soaking wet adj
mokry jak gnój
(idiomatic) Extremely wet.

soap /soʊp/ /səʊp/ soaps n
mydło
(countable, uncountable, informal, by extension) Some other substance, often a detergent or another surfactant, able to mix with both oil and water, used for cleaning.

soap /soʊp/ /səʊp/ v
mydlić
(transitive, informal) To cover, lather, or in any other manner treat with soap, often as a prank.

soap bubble soap bubbles n
bańka mydlana
A very thin film of soapy water that forms a sphere with an iridescent surface.
(figurative) Anything attractive but insubstantial.

soap dish soap dishes n
mydelniczka
A dish-like container to hold a bar of soap, often mounted to the wall of a bathroom.

soap opera soap operas n
opera mydlana telenowela
(countable) A radio or television serial, typically broadcast in the afternoon or evening, about the lives of melodramatic characters, which are often filled with strong emotions, highly dramatic situations and suspense.

soapery soaperies n
fabryka mydła
A factory making soap

soapmaker soapmakers n
mydlarz
A manufacturer of soap.

soapstone soapstones n
steatyt
(geology) A soft rock, rich in talc, also containing serpentine and either magnetite, dolomite or calcite.

soapwort soapworts n
mydlnica
Any perennial herb of the genus Saponaria.

soapy /ˈsoʊpi/ /ˈsəʊpi/ soapier soapiest adj
mydlany
Full of soap.

soar /so(ː)ɹ/ /soə/ /sɔɹ/ /sɔː/ soars n
wznoszenie
An upward flight.

soar /so(ː)ɹ/ /soə/ /sɔɹ/ /sɔː/ v
szybować poszybować
(intransitive) To fly high with little effort, like a bird.
wzbijać się wzbić się
To mount upward on wings, or as on wings, especially by gliding while employing rising air currents.
wzlatywać wzlecieć
To rise, especially rapidly or unusually high.

sob /sɑb/ /sɒb/ sobs n
szloch szlochanie łkanie
A cry with a short, sudden expulsion of breath.

sob /sɑb/ /sɒb/ v
szlochać łkać
(intransitive) To weep with convulsive gasps.

sob story sob stories n
łzawa historyjka
(idiomatic) A sad story, especially one intended to elicit sympathy.

sober /ˈsoʊ.bɚ/ /ˈsəʊ.bə(ɹ)/ soberer soberest adj
trzeźwy
Not drunk; not intoxicated.
(figurative) Moderate; realistic; serious; not playful; not passionate; cool; self-controlled.

sober as a judge adj
trzeźwy jak świnia
(simile) Completely sober.

sober up v
trzeźwieć wytrzeźwieć
To become sober; to cause to become sober.

sobriquet /ˈsoʊ.bɹɪ.keɪ/ /ˈsoʊ.bɹɪ.kɛt/ /ˈsəʊ.bɹɪ.keɪ/ sobriquets n
przydomek przezwisko
A familiar name for a person or thing; a nickname (sometimes assumed by the person, but often given by others), that is descriptive.

soccer /ˈsɑk.ɚ/ /ˈsɒk.ə/ n
piłka nożna futbol gała noga
(historically, _, slang, now, standard) association football.

soccer ball soccer balls n
piłka nożna
A ball that is designed for use in the sport of soccer; a football.

sociable /ˈsoʊʃəbəl/ more sociable most sociable adj
towarzyski
(of a person) Tending to socialize or be social.

sociable lapwing sociable lapwings n
czajka towarzyska
A plover, Vanellus gregarius.

social /ˈsoʊ.ʃəl/ /ˈsəʊ.ʃəl/ more social most social adj
towarzyski
Being extroverted or outgoing.
społeczny
Of or relating to society.
(Internet) Relating to social media or social networks.

social Darwinism n
darwinizm społeczny socjodarwinizm
(science) The theory that the laws of evolution by natural selection also apply to social structures.

social anxiety social anxieties n
lęk społeczny
A feeling of discomfort or fear in a social situation where one may be judged or evaluated by others.

social capital n
kapitał społeczny
The goodwill, sympathy, and connections created by social interaction within and between social networks.

social climber social climbers n
karierowicz karierowiczka
(derogatory) One who tries to improve his or her social standing, especially by means of obsequious behaviour.

social conditioning n
uwarunkowanie społeczne

social construct social constructs n
konstrukt społeczny
(sociology) A social convention or perception, such as class or gender, used by a particular society to describe human behavior.

social contract social contracts n
umowa społeczna
(philosophy, politics) An implicit agreement or contract among members of a society governing such matters as submission of individuals to the rule of law and acceptable conduct.

social democracy social democracies n
socjaldemokracja esdecja socjaldemokratyzm
(political) A moderate political philosophy or ideology that aims to achieve socialist (socialistic) goals within a democratic society and a liberal democracy such as by means of a strong welfare state and regulation of private industry.

social democrat social democrats n
socjaldemokrata esdek socjaldemokratka
(politics) A supporter of social democracy, a political ideology in which a socialist system of government is achieved by democratic means.

social democratic more social democratic most social democratic adj
esdecki socjaldemokratyczny
(political) Of or pertaining to social democracy.

social distancing /ˈsoʊʃəl ˌdɪstən(t)sɪŋ/ /ˈsəʊʃəl ˌdɪstən(t)sɪŋ/ n
dystansowanie społeczne
(epidemiology) The practice of maintaining physical distance between people to reduce the spread of communicable diseases by isolating those with such diseases in quarantines, maintaining space between individuals, and prohibiting certain activities.

social housing n
mieszkania socjalne
(UK) Rental housing owned and managed by the government, non-profit organizations, or by a combination of the two, with the aim of providing affordable housing, often focusing on disadvantaged groups such as low-income earners, social-security recipients, the elderly and people with disabilities.

social insect social insects n
owad społeczny
Any insect that shares shelter, defence and food, and reproduces cooperatively

social ladder social ladders n
drabina społeczna

social life social lives n
życie społeczne
An individual's interpersonal relationships with people within their immediate surroundings or general public.
życie towarzyskie
Those public activities performed in association with others for the purpose of pleasure.
randkowanie
Dating.

social media n
media społecznościowe social media
applications or websites allowing users to communicate

social movement social movements n
ruch społeczny

social network social networks n
sieć społeczna
(collective, sociology) A network of personal or business contacts, especially as facilitated by social networking on the Internet.
sieć społecznościowa
(internet) A service allowing users to manage and interact with their network of friends or contacts on the Internet.

social security n
opieka społeczna pomoc społeczna
Those benefits paid under such a system.

social skills n
umiejętności społeczne
The personal skills needed for successful social communication and interaction.

social status social statuses n
pozycja społeczna status społeczny
(sociology) One's position within a social hierarchy, one's social class along with any personal social advantages or disadvantages, one's value relative to society.

social studies n
wiedza o społeczeństwie
The study of history, geography, civics, sociology, economics, and other social-science subjects, especially in primary and secondary school.

social welfare n
opieka społeczna pomoc społeczna
The provision of a minimal level of well-being and support for citizens and other eligible residents who lack current means to support basic needs.

social worker social workers n
pracownik socjalny
A person whose profession is social work.

socialism /ˈsoʊʃəlɪzəm/ /ˈsəʊʃəlɪzəm/ socialisms n
socjalizm
(Marxism-Leninism) The intermediate phase of social development between capitalism and communism in Marxist theory in which the state has control of the means of production.
Any of a group of later political philosophies such democratic socialism and social democracy which do not envisage the need for full state ownership of the means of production nor transition to full communism, and which are typically based on principles of community decision making, social equality and the avoidance of economic and social exclusion, with economic policy giving first preference to community goals over individual ones.

socialist /ˈsoʊ.ʃə.lɪst/ /ˈsəʊʃəlɪst/ more socialist most socialist adj
socjalistyczny socjalista
Of, relating to, supporting, or advocating socialism.

socialist /ˈsoʊ.ʃə.lɪst/ /ˈsəʊʃəlɪst/ socialists n
socjalista socjalistka
One who supports or advocates socialism.

socialist realism n
realizm socjalistyczny socrealizm
(art) A Stalinist idealization of the dictatorship of the proletariat applied to art that used realistic techniques to show the struggle for socialism in a positive and optimistic manner.

socialistic more socialistic most socialistic adj
socjalistyczny
Of or relating to socialism.

socialistically more socialistically most socialistically adv
socjalistycznie
in a socialist manner, like a socialist

socialite /ˈsoʊʃəˌlaɪt/ socialites n
lew salonowy lwica salonowa
A person (often a woman) of social prominence, considered to be an influential figure.

socialization socializations n
socjalizacja
(sociology, psychology) The process of learning how to live in a way acceptable to one's own society, said especially about children.

socialize v
socjalizować
(transitive) To take something into collective or governmental ownership

societal [səˈsaɪ.ə.tɫ̩] [səˈsaɪ.ə.ɾɫ̩] [səˈsaɪ.ɪ.tɫ̩] [səˈsɑɪ.ə.tɫ̩] [səˈsɑɪ.ə.ɾɫ̩] more societal most societal adj
społeczny
Of or pertaining to society or social groups, or to their activities, customs, etc.

society /səˈsaɪ.ə.ti/ societies n
społeczeństwo
(countable) A long-standing group of people sharing cultural aspects such as language, dress, norms of behavior and artistic forms.
stowarzyszenie towarzystwo
(countable) A group of people who meet from time to time to engage in a common interest; an association or organization.
społeczeństwo naród
(uncountable) The people of one’s country or community taken as a whole.

socio-political adj
socjopolityczny
Of or pertaining to a combination of social and political factors.

sociobiology sociobiologies n
biosocjologia socjobiologia
The science that applies the principles of evolutionary biology to the study of social behaviour in both humans and animals.

sociocultural more sociocultural most sociocultural adj
społeczno-kulturalny
Of or relating to both society and culture.

sociolect /-si-/ /-sɪ-/ /ˈsoʊ.ʃi.əˌlɛkt/ /ˈsoʊ.ʃəˌlɛkt/ /ˈsəʊ.ʃə(ʊ).lɛkt/ /ˈsəʊ.ʃɪ.ə(ʊ).lɛkt/ sociolects n
socjolekt
(sociolinguistics) The variant of language used by a social group such as a socioeconomic class, an ethnic group, an age group, etc.

sociolinguistic variable sociolinguistic variables n
czynnik socjolingwistyczny

sociolinguistics /ˌsoʊsi.oʊlɪŋˈɡwɪstɪks/ /ˌsəʊsi.əʊlɪŋˈɡwɪstɪks/ /ˌsəʊʃjəʊlɪŋˈɡwɪstɪks/ n
socjolingwistyka
(linguistics) The study of social and cultural effects on language and vice-versa.

sociological adj
socjologiczny
Of or pertaining to sociology.

sociologically adv
socjologicznie
In reference to sociology.

sociologist sociologists n
socjolog socjolożka
A scientist studying the field of sociology; a social scientist.

sociology /ˌsəʊsiːˈɒlədʒiː/ /ˌsəʊʃiːˈɒlədʒiː/ sociologies n
socjologia
A social science that studies society, human social interaction, patterns of social relationships, and the interactions of culture. Through both theory and applied research, it engages subject matters across a range of microanalysis, mesoanalysis, and macroanalysis.

sociopath /ˈsoʊ.si.oʊˌpæθ/ /ˈsoʊ.si.əˌpæθ/ sociopaths n
socjopata socjopatka
A person with an antisocial personality disorder.

sociopathic more sociopathic most sociopathic adj
socjopatyczny
Having the characteristics of a sociopath.

sociopathology n
socjopatologia

sociopathy /ˈsoʊ.si.əˌpæθi/ /ˈsoʊ.ʃi.əˌpæθi/ sociopathies n
socjopatia
(psychiatry) The property of being a sociopath—a person showing antisocial behavior as part of psychiatric pathology.

sock /sɑk/ /sɒk/ socks sox n
skarpeta skarpetka
A knitted or woven covering for the foot.

sock puppet sock puppets n
pacynka
(Internet, pejorative) An alternative pseudonymous online account, especially one used for abuse.

socket /ˈsɑkɪt/ /ˈsɒkɪt/ sockets n
gniazdko gniazdko elektryczne
(mechanics) An opening into which a plug or other connecting part is designed to fit (e.g. a light bulb socket).
oczodół panewka
(anatomy) A hollow into a bone which a part fits, such as an eye, or another bone, in the case of a joint.
gniazdo
(computing) One endpoint of a two-way communication link, used for interprocess communication across a network.

sockeye salmon sockeye salmon n
nerka
A salmon of the species Oncorhynchus nerka.

sod /sɑd/ /sɒd/ /sɔd/ sods n
darń
(uncountable) That stratum of the surface of the soil which is filled with the roots of grass, or any portion of that surface; turf; sward.
(uncountable) Turf grown and cut specifically for the establishment of lawns.

soda /ˈsoʊdə/ /ˈsəʊdə/ sodas n
napój gazowany soda sodówka woda gazowana woda sodowa węglan sodu
(uncountable) Carbonated water (water impregnated with pressurised carbon dioxide, originally made with sodium bicarbonate).

soda bread soda breads n
chleb sodowy
(cuisine) Bread made using sour milk and baking soda as a rising agent, rather than yeast; common in Ireland.

soda siphon soda siphons n
syfon
A stout glass bottle containing soda water under pressure, at one time found in bars. A lever-operated valve at the top is used to dispense the liquid.

soda water soda waters n
sodówka woda gazowana woda sodowa
Carbonated water, water that has carbon dioxide dissolved in it and has been stored under pressure in a bottle. Usually mixed before drinking with another beverage.

sodalite /ˈsoʊ.dəˌlaɪt/ sodalites n
sodalit
(mineral) A mineral of alkaline igneous and plutonic rocks that are low in silica, of the chemical composition of sodium aluminum silicate with chlorine, Na4Al3Si3O12Cl. Pink sodalite is sometimes called hackmanite. Sodalite and lazurite form the sodalite Group of silicate minerals.

sodden /ˈsɑ.dən/ /ˈsɒ.dən/ more sodden most sodden adj
podmokły przesiąknięty
Soaked or drenched with liquid; soggy, saturated.

sodium /ˈsoʊ.di.əm/ /ˈsəʊ.dɪəm/ sodiums n
sód
The chemical element (symbol Na) with an atomic number of 11 and atomic weight of 22.990. It is a soft, waxy, silvery, reactive alkali metal that is never found unbound in nature.

sodium benzoate sodium benzoates n
benzoesan sodu
(chemistry) The sodium salt of benzoic acid.

sodium bicarbonate sodium bicarbonates n
wodorowęglan sodu
(chemistry) A salt of sodium hydroxide and carbonic acid, NaHCO3.
soda soda oczyszczona
This salt used in cooking as a raising agent, as an antacid, a cleaner, etc.

sodium carbonate sodium carbonates n
węglan sodu soda
(chemistry) A salt, Na2CO3 formally derived from sodium hydroxide and carbonic acid; it is a white powder, soluble in water, with domestic, commercial and industrial uses; it occurs naturally as natrite.

sodium chloride sodium chlorides n
chlorek sodu
(inorganic compound) Common table salt, a compound composed of equal number of sodium and chlorine atoms. Chemical formula TemplateParserError:LuaError.

sodium hydroxide n
wodorotlenek sodu
(inorganic compound) A strong, caustic alkali (NaOH) used in the manufacture of soap, detergents, paper, textiles and having many other industrial applications.

sodium pump sodium pumps n
pompa sodowa
(biochemistry) The transport of sodium ions across biological membranes using the metabolic energy of ATP.

sodium sulfate n
siarczan sodu
(inorganic compound) The sodium salt of sulfuric acid, Na2SO4; it is a mild laxative (as Glauber's salt), and is used in the manufacture of paper, detergents and many other products.

sodium thiosulfate n
antychlor
An inorganic compound that is typically available as the pentahydrate, Na2S2O3·5H2O. It is used in iodometry, photographic processing, gold extraction, etc.

sodium vapor lamp sodium vapor lamps n
lampa sodowa sodówka
A street lamp in which electricity is passed through sodium vapour to emit a yellow light.

sodomise /ˈsɒdəmaɪz/ v
uprawiać seks analny
(transitive) To engage in sodomy with (someone); to engage in anal (or, rarely, oral) sex as the penetrator (especially without consent).
(transitive) To engage in sexual intercourse with (an animal), to engage in bestiality.

sodomite sodomites n
sodomita
(derogatory) One who practices sodomy; a sodomist.

sodomy /ˈsɒdəmi/ sodomies n
sodomia
Any of several forms of sexual intercourse held to be unnatural, particularly bestiality or homosexuality, but also (sometimes) anal or oral sex.

sofa /ˈsoʊfə/ /ˈsəʊfə/ sofas n
kanapa sofa
(furniture, chiefly, UK, India) An upholstered seat with a raised back and one or two raised ends, long enough to comfortably accommodate two or more people.

sofa-bed /ˈsoʊfəbɛd/ sofa-beds n
wersalka
A sofa that unfolds into a bed.

soffit /ˈsɑ.fɪt/ /ˈsɒf.ɪt/ soffits n
podbicie
(architectural element) The visible underside of an arch, balcony, beam, cornice, staircase, vault or any other architectural element.

soft /sæft/ /sɑft/ /sɒft/ /sɔft/ /sɔːft/ softer softest adj
łagodny cichy
miękki
Easily giving way under pressure.
(of cloth or similar material) Smooth and flexible; not rough, rugged, or harsh.
(of water) Low in dissolved calcium compounds.

soft cheese soft cheeses n
ser miękki
A type of rennet cheese that is not firm owing to the curds not having been pressed or comminuted to a large degree, so that much whey or liquid is left, and it has not ripened long.

soft drink soft drinks n
napój gazowany
Any non-alcoholic drink that is carbonated, and usually also sweet. (In this sense, juice, milk, tea and coffee are not soft drinks.)

soft palate soft palates n
podniebienie miękkie
(anatomy) The soft tissue at the back of the roof of the mouth.

soft power soft powers n
siła
(politics) Political influence that is extended by means of diplomacy, media, international assistance, cultural exchanges, etc., rather than by such "hard" means as military intervention or punitive economic measures.

soft return soft returns n
miękki enter

soft serve soft serves n
lody włoskie
A frozen dessert or snack, similar to ice cream but softer, as a result of air being introduced during freezing.

soft sign /ˌsɒftˈsaɪn/ /ˌsɔftˈsaɪn/ soft signs n
miękki znak
The Cyrillic letter Ь/ь (transliterated in English with an apostrophe (’) or prime (′)), which in modern languages using the Cyrillic alphabet serves to denote a soft (palatized) consonant.

soft skill soft skills n
umiejętności miękkie
(human resources, originally, military) A personal skill that is usually interpersonal, non-specialized, and difficult to quantify, such as leadership or responsibility.

soft spot /sɑft spɑt/ /sɒft spɒt/ /sɔft spɑt/ /sɔft spɔt/ /sɔːft spɒt/ soft spots n
czułe miejsce
(idiomatic) A sentimental fondness or affection.

soft toy soft toys n
maskotka pluszak przytulanka
(Britain, Australia) A toy made of a soft material, usually stuffed with cotton, straw, beans, or other materials, and typically intended as a plaything for children.

soft-boiled adj
na miękko
(of a boiled egg) cooked to a soft consistency with the yolk still runny

softball softballs n
softball
(sports) A game similar to baseball but played with a larger and softer ball which can be thrown overhand or underhand.

soften /ˈsɑf(t)ən/ /ˈsɒfən/ /ˈsɔf(t)ən/ v
zmiękczać zmiękczyć
(transitive) To make something soft or softer.
mięknąć zmięknąć
(intransitive) To become soft or softer

softhearted more softhearted most softhearted adj
mieć miękkie serce
Gentle; kind; sympathetic.

softly /ˈsɑftli/ /ˈsɒftli/ /ˈsɔftli/ more softly most softly softlier softliest adv
delikatnie
In a soft manner; gently.
cicho
Not loudly; nearly inaudibly.

software /ˈsɑftˌwɛɹ/ /ˈsɒf(t)ˌwɛə/ /ˈsɔf(t)ˌweː/ /ˈsɔftˌwɛɹ/ n
oprogramowanie software
(computing) Encoded computer instructions, usually modifiable (unless stored in some form of unalterable memory such as ROM).

soil /sɔɪl̩/ [sɔɪ̯ɫ̩] soils n
ziemia grunt gleba
(uncountable) The unconsolidated mineral or organic material on the immediate surface of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants.
ziemia gleba grunt
(uncountable) The unconsolidated mineral or organic matter on the surface of the earth that has been subjected to and shows effects of genetic and environmental factors of: climate (including water and temperature effects), and macro- and microorganisms, conditioned by relief, acting on parent material over a period of time. A product-soil differs from the material from which it is derived in many physical, chemical, biological, and morphological properties and characteristics.
ziemia
Country or territory.

soil /sɔɪl̩/ [sɔɪ̯ɫ̩] v
brudzić
(transitive) To make dirty.
To make invalid, to ruin.

soil oneself v
zesrać się
(euphemistic) To lose control of one's bowels and accidentally defecate on oneself.

soil science n
gleboznawstwo
The scientific study of the formation, classification, mapping, and the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil.

soil scientist soil scientists n
gleboznawca
A scientist who studies soil as a component of natural and man-made systems.

soilless adj
bezglebowy
Not using or containing soil

sojourn /soʊˈd͡ʒɝn/ /ˈsoʊd͡ʒɚn/ /ˈsɒd͡ʒən/ /ˈsɒd͡ʒɜːn/ /ˈsəʊd͡ʒɜːn/ sojourns n
pobyt
A short stay somewhere.

sokha sokhas n
socha
(historical) Russian ard (a type of wooden plough with high, horizontal draft-poles and usually two metal-tipped ploughshares, originating in Northern Russia in medieval times and widely used in Russia and nearby countries until the early 20th century)

sol /sɑl/ /sɒl/ /sɔl/ sols n
zol
(physical chemistry) A type of colloid in which a solid is dispersed in a liquid.

solace /ˈsɑ.lɪs/ /ˈsɒl.ɪs/ /ˈsɔl.ɪs/ solaces n
pociecha
A source of comfort or consolation.

solace /ˈsɑ.lɪs/ /ˈsɒl.ɪs/ /ˈsɔl.ɪs/ v
przynosić pociechę
(transitive) To give solace to; comfort; cheer; console.

solanine solanines n
solanina
(organic compound) A poisonous glycoalkaloid found in many species of the nightshade family Solanaceae, including potato and tomato.

solar /ˈsoʊlɚ/ /ˈsəʊlə/ adj
słoneczny solarny
Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from the sun

solar battery solar batteries n
bateria słoneczna
A rechargeable battery that integrates a solar cell with battery power storage.

solar eclipse /ˈsoʊlɚ ɪˈklɪps/ /ˈsəʊlə ɪˈklɪps/ solar eclipses n
zaćmienie Słońca
(astronomy) A phenomenon occurring when the Moon passes between the Earth and the sun.

solar flare solar flares n
rozbłysk słoneczny
(astronomy) A violent explosion in the Sun's atmosphere.

solar panel solar panels n
panel fotowoltaiczny
An array of connected solar cells

solar system /ˈsoʊ.lɚ ˌsɪs.təm/ /ˈsəʊl.ə ˌsɪs.təm/ solar systems n
układ słoneczny
Any collection of heavenly bodies including a star or binary star, and any lighter stars, brown dwarfs, planets, and other objects in orbit.

solar wind solar winds n
wiatr słoneczny
(astronomy) The outflow of charged particles from the solar corona into space. Because of the high temperature of the particles of the corona, they are moving at speeds higher than the solar escape velocity.

solastalgia /ˌsɒləsˈtæld͡ʒə/ n
solastalgia
A form of homesickness experienced when one has not moved, but one's environment has changed.

solder /ˈsoʊ.dɚ/ /ˈsɑd.ɚ/ /ˈsɒl.də(ɹ)/ /ˈsɔ.dɚ/ /ˈsəʊl.də(ɹ)/ solders n
cyna lut spoiwo lutownicze
Any of various easily-melted alloys, commonly of tin and lead, that are used to mend, coat, or join metal objects, usually small.

solder /ˈsoʊ.dɚ/ /ˈsɑd.ɚ/ /ˈsɒl.də(ɹ)/ /ˈsɔ.dɚ/ /ˈsəʊl.də(ɹ)/ v
lutować
to join items together, or to coat them with solder

soldering iron soldering irons n
lutownica
A hand-held tool with a heated tip, used to melt and apply solder.

soldier /ˈsoʊld͡ʒɚ/ /ˈsɒld͡ʒə/ /ˈsəʊld͡ʒə/ soldiers n
żołnierz wojak sołdat woj żołdak
A member of a ground-based army, of any rank, but especially an enlisted member.

soldier of fortune soldiers of fortune n
najemnik
A non-commissioned soldier willing to serve any state or person who will hire him.
(figuratively, by extension) A person willing to work for or ally himself with any person or institution who will take him on.

sole /soʊl/ /sɐʉl/ /səʊl/ [sɒʊɫ] adj
jedyny
Only.

sole /soʊl/ /sɐʉl/ /səʊl/ [sɒʊɫ] soles n
podeszwa zelówka
(footwear) The bottom of a shoe or boot.
sola
(fish) Solea solea, a flatfish of the family Soleidae.
podeszwa
The bottom of the body of a plough; the slade.

sole /soʊl/ /sɐʉl/ /səʊl/ [sɒʊɫ] v
zelować
(transitive) to put a sole on (a shoe or boot)

sole proprietorship sole proprietorships n
jednoosobowa działalność gospodarcza
(legal, business) A business that is wholly owned by a single person, who has unlimited liability.

solecism /ˈsoʊlɪsɪzəm/ /ˈsɑləsɪzəm/ /ˈsɒlɪsɪzəm/ [ˈsoʊlɨsɪzəm] solecisms n
solecyzm uchybienie gramatyczne
(grammar) Error in the use of language.

solely /ˈsoʊl.li/ /ˈsəʊl.li/ adv
wyłącznie
Alone; exclusively.

solemn /ˈsɑləm/ /ˈsɒləm/ more solemn most solemn solemner solemnest adj
uroczysty
Characterized by or performed with appropriate or great ceremony or formality.

solemnly /ˈsɑləmli/ /ˈsɒləmli/ more solemnly most solemnly adv
uroczyście
In a solemn manner.

solenoid /ˈsoʊlɪnɔɪd/ /ˈsɒlɪnɔɪd/ solenoids n
solenoid
(physics) A coil of wire that acts as a magnet when an electric current flows through it.

soleus /səʊˈliː.əs/ /səˈliː.əs/ /ˈsoʊ.li.əs/ solei n
mięsień płaszczkowaty
A broad, flat muscle that extends behind the gastrocnemius along the back of the calf.

solfège /sɒlˈfeɪʒ/ /sɒlˈfɛʒ/ solfèges n
solfeż
(music) A method of sight singing that uses the syllables do (originally ut), re, mi, fa, sol (or so), la, and si (or ti) to represent the seven principal pitches of the scale, most commonly the major scale. The fixed-do system uses do for C, and the moveable-do system uses do for whatever key the melody uses (thus B is do if the piece is in the key of B). The relative natural minor of a scale may be represented by beginning at la.

solicit /səˈlɪsɪt/ v
nagabywać
(archaic, transitive) To disturb or trouble; to harass.
(obsolete, rare, transitive) To disturb; to disquiet.

solicitor /səˈlɪstə/ /səˈlɪsɪtə/ /səˈlɪsɪtɚ/ solicitors n
radca prawny
In many common law jurisdictions, a type of lawyer whose traditional role is to offer legal services to clients apart from acting as their advocate in court. A solicitor instructs barristers to act as an advocate for their client in court, although rights of audience for solicitors vary according to jurisdiction.
adwokat adwokatka
In English Canada and in parts of Australia, a type of lawyer who historically held the same role as above, but whose role has in modern times been merged with that of a barrister.
akwizytor akwizytorka
(North America) A person soliciting sales, especially door to door.

solid /ˈsɑ.lɪd/ /ˈsɒl.ɪd/ more solid most solid adj
rzetelny
(of an object or substance) That can be picked up or held, having a texture, and usually firm. Unlike a liquid, gas or plasma.
masywny
Large in size, quantity, or value.
sycący
Hearty; filling.
(printing, dated) Not having the lines separated by leads; not open.
łączny
(typography) Written as one word, without spaces or hyphens.
jednolity
Of a single color throughout.
solidny jednolity stały
(of volumes of materials) Measured as a single solid, as the volumes of individual pieces added together without any gaps.

solid /ˈsɑ.lɪd/ /ˈsɒl.ɪd/ solids n
ciało stałe
(chemistry) A substance in the fundamental state of matter that retains its size and shape without need of a container (as opposed to a liquid or gas).
bryła
(geometry) A three-dimensional figure (as opposed to a surface, an area, or a curve).

solid angle solid angles n
kąt bryłowy
(geometry) The three-dimensional analog of an angle, equivalent to the area of that portion of the surface of a unit sphere that it subtends.

solidarity /ˌsɑ.ləˈdæɹ.ti/ /ˌsɑ.ləˈdæɹ.ə.ti/ /ˌsɒl.ɪˈdæɹ.ti/ /ˌsɒl.ɪˈdæɹ.ə.ti/ /ˌsɔl.əˈdæɹ.ə.ti/ [ˌsɑ.ləˈdæɹ.ɾi] [ˌsɔl.əˈdæɹ.ə.ɾi] solidarities n
solidarność
(countable) A bond of unity or agreement between individuals, united around a common goal or against a common enemy, such as the unifying principle that defines the labor movement; mutual support within a group.
(uncountable) Willingness to give psychological and/or material support when another person is in a difficult position or needs affection.

solidary more solidary most solidary adj
solidarny
Having community of interests and responsibilities.

soliloquy /səˈlɪləkwi/ soliloquies n
solilokwium
(drama) The act of a character speaking to themselves so as to reveal their thoughts to the audience.

solipsism /ˈsɑlɪpsɪzm/ solipsisms n
solipsyzm
Self-absorption, an unawareness of the views or needs of others; self-centeredness; egoism.

solipsist adj
solipsystyczny
Of, or pertaining to, solipsism.

solipsist solipsists n
solipsysta solipsystka
One who adheres to self-absorption and an ignorance of the views or needs of others.

solitary /ˈsɑlɪtɛɹi/ /ˈsɒlɪtɹi/ adj
samotny samodzielny
Living or being by oneself; alone; having no companion present
samotny
Performed, passed, or endured alone
odludny
Not much visited or frequented; remote from society
pojedynczy
Single; individual; sole.

solitary /ˈsɑlɪtɛɹi/ /ˈsɒlɪtɹi/ solitaries n
odludek samotnik
(countable) One who lives alone, or in solitude; an anchorite, hermit or recluse.

solitary confinement solitary confinements n
karcer
Forced isolation in a small space and the denial of contact with other persons, usually as a form of punishment for a prison inmate.

solitary sandpiper solitary sandpipers n
brodziec ciemnorzytny
Tringa solitaria, a small wading bird.

soliton solitons n
soliton

solitude /ˈsɑlɪˌtud/ /ˈsɒlɪˌtjuːd/ solitudes n
samotność
Aloneness; the state of being alone, solitary, or by oneself.

solo /ˈsoʊ.loʊ/ /ˈsəʊ.ləʊ/ adj
solo
Without a companion or instructor.

solo /ˈsoʊ.loʊ/ /ˈsəʊ.ləʊ/ soli solos n
solo solówka
(music) A piece of music for one performer.

soloist soloists n
solista solistka
A person who performs a solo.

solonchak solonchaki solonchaks n
sołonczak
A pale or grey soil found in arid to subhumid conditions with poor drainage.

solstice /ˈsoʊl.stɪs/ /ˈsɑl.stɪs/ /ˈsɒl.stɪs/ /ˈsəʊl.stɪs/ solstices n
przesilenie
One of the two points in the ecliptic at which the sun is furthest from the celestial equator. This corresponds to one of two days in the year when the day is either longest or shortest.

soluble /ˈsɑljəbəl/ /ˈsɒljʊbəl/ more soluble most soluble adj
rozwiązywalny
rozpuszczalny
Able to be dissolved.

solution /səˈl(j)uːʃən/ solutions n
roztwór rozwiązanie
A homogeneous mixture, which may be liquid, gas or solid, formed by dissolving one or more substances.
rozwiązanie roztwór
An act, plan or other means, used or proposed, to solve a problem.
An answer to a problem.

solve /sɑlv/ /sɒlv/ /sɔlv/ v
rozwiązywać rozwiązać
To find an answer or solution to a problem or question; to work out.

solvent [ˈsɒlvənt] adj
wypłacalny
(finance) Able to pay all debts as they become due, and having no more liabilities than assets.

solvent [ˈsɒlvənt] solvents n
rozpuszczalnik
A fluid that dissolves a solid, liquid, or gaseous solute, resulting in a solution.

solventless adj
bezrozpuszczalnikowy

solyanka solyankas n
solanka
A thick, spicy and sour soup in Russian and Ukrainian cuisine.

soma /ˈsoʊmə/ /ˈsəʊmə/ somas somata n
soma
(anatomy) The whole axial portion of an animal, including the head, neck, trunk, and tail.

somatic sensory cortex somatic sensory cortices n
kora czuciowa kora somatosensoryczna

somatosensory adj
somatosensoryczny

sombre /ˈsɑmbɚ/ /ˈsɒmbə/ sombrer sombrest adj
ponury posępny
Melancholic, gloomy, dreary, dismal; grim.

sombre tit sombre tits n
sikora żałobna
Poecile lugubris, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

sombrero /soʊmˈbɹɛɹ.oʊ/ /sɑmˈbɹɛɹ.oʊ/ /səmˈbɹɛɹ.oʊ/ sombreros n
sombrero
A kind of hat with a high conical or cylindrical crown and a saucer-shaped brim, highly embroidered, made of plush felt.

some /sɐm/ /səm/ /sʊm/ /sʌm/ [säm] [sɐm] determiner
niektóre niektórzy
A certain proportion of, at least two.
kilka
An unspecified quantity or number of.
A considerable quantity or number of.
trochę
An unspecified amount of (something uncountable).
jakiś
A certain, an unspecified or unknown.

some /sɐm/ /səm/ /sʊm/ /sʌm/ [säm] [sɐm] pronoun
kilka trochę
An indefinite quantity.
trochę
An indefinite amount, a part.

some time n
jakiś czas
A period of some length.

somebody /ˈsʌmbɑdi/ /ˈsʌmbədi/ /ˈsʌmbədɪ/ /ˈsʌmbʌdi/ pronoun
ktoś
Some unspecified person.

somebody's pronoun
czyjś

someday adv
kiedyś któregoś dnia
Sometime; at some unspecified time in the future.

somehow /ˈsʌmhaʊ/ adv
jakoś
In one way or another; in a way not yet known or explained; by some means

someone /ˈsʌmwʌn/ pronoun
ktoś
One or some person of unspecified or indefinite identity.

someone else pronoun
ktoś inny
Some other person.

someone's pronoun
czyjś

someone's jaw dropped phraseologicalUnit
komu opadła szczęka
(idiom) somebody was very surprised.

somersault /ˈsʌmə(ɹ)ˌsɑlt/ /ˈsʌmə(ɹ)ˌsɒlt/ /ˈsʌmə(ɹ)ˌsɔːlt/ somersaults n
salto koziołek
Starting on one's feet, an instance of rotating one's body 360 degrees while airborne or on the ground, with one's feet passing over one's head.

something /ˈsʌm.θɪŋ/ [sʌˑɪŋ] [sʌ̃ː] [ˈsɐm̥(p)θɪŋ] [ˈsʌ(m)ʔm̩] [ˈsʌm̥(p)θɪŋ] [ˈsʌn̪̥θɪŋ] [ˈsʌɾ̃ɪŋ] pronoun
coś
An uncertain or unspecified thing; one thing.
(colloquial, of a person) A talent or quality that is difficult to specify.
(colloquial, often with really or quite) Somebody who or something that is superlative or notable in some way.

something is rotten in the state of Denmark phraseologicalUnit
źle się dzieje w państwie duńskim
(idiomatic) Something is not right, seriously amiss, especially when leading to suspicion of motive.

something or other n
cośtam
Something unspecified or indeterminate, or whose name is forgotten or immaterial.

sometime /ˈsʌmˌtaɪm/ adv
kiedyś
At an indefinite but stated time in the past or future.

sometimes /ˈsʌmtaɪmz/ adv
czasami czasem niekiedy od czasu do czasu
On certain occasions, or in certain circumstances, but not always. [from 16th c.]

somewhat /ˈsʌmwɒt/ /ˈsʌmwʌt/ adv
dość nieco niejako poniekąd trochę
To a limited extent or degree; not completely.

somewhen adv
kiedyś
(rare, nonstandard) at some time; indefinitely; some time or other, sometime

somewhence adv
skądś
(archaic, or, literary) from somewhere

somewhere /ˈsʌm.hweːɹ/ /ˈsʌm.wɛə/ /ˈsʌm.wɛɹ/ /ˈsʌm.wɛː/ /ˈsʌm.ʍɛə/ /ˈsʌm.ʍɛɹ/ adv
gdzieś dokądś
In an uncertain or unspecified location.
At some unspecified point.
dokądś gdzieś
To an uncertain or unspecified location.

somewhere else adv
gdzie indziej
In or at some other place.
gdzie indziej indziej
To some other place.

somewhy /ˈsʌmwai/ /ˈsʌmʍai/ adv
jakoś
(rare) For some reason

sommelier /ˌsɒmˈmɛli.ə/ /ˌsɔməlˈjeɪ/ /ˌsɔːməlˈjeɪ/ sommeliers n
kiper sommelier
The member of staff at a restaurant who keeps the wine cellar and advises the guests on a choice of wines; a wine steward / stewardess, a wine waiter / waitress / server.

somnambulate /sɑmˈnæm.bjuˌleɪt/ /sɑmˈnæm.bjəˌleɪt/ /sɒmˈnæm.bjʊ.leɪt/ /səmˈnæm.bjəˌleɪt/ v
lunatykować
(intransitive) To walk while sleeping.

somnambulism /sɒmˈnæmbjʊlɪzəm/ somnambulisms n
somnambulizm
sleepwalking

somnambulist [sɒmˈnæmbjʊlɪst] somnambulists n
lunatyczka lunatyk somnambuliczka somnambulik
A person who walks about in their sleep; a sleepwalker.

son /sɒn/ /sʌn/ sons n
syn
One's male offspring.
A familiar address to a male person from an older or otherwise more authoritative person.
syn synek
A male adopted person in relation to his adoptive parents.
syn pasierb
A male person who has such a close relationship with an older or otherwise more authoritative person that he can be regarded as a son of the other person.

son of a bitch interjection
kurwa
(slang, vulgar) Used to express anger, contempt, astonishment, disappointment, etc.

son of a bitch sons of a bitch sons of bitches n
sukinsyn skurwysyn
(pejorative, slang, vulgar) An objectionable, despicable person.

son of a gun interjection
skurczybyk
(euphemistic) Used to express anger, contempt, disgust, astonishment, disappointment, etc.

son of a whore sons of whores n
sukinsyn
(pejorative, slang) An objectionable person.

son-in-law /ˈsʌnɪnˌlɔː/ son-in-laws sons-in-law n
zięć
The husband of one's child.

sonar /ˈsoʊ.nɑːɹ/ sonars n
asdic azdyk sonar
(nautical) A device that uses hydrophones (in the same manner as radar) to locate objects underwater.

sonata /soʊˈneɪtə/ /səˈnɑːtə/ sonatas n
sonata
(music) A musical composition for one or a few instruments, one of which is frequently a piano, in three or four movements that vary in key and tempo.

sonata form n
forma sonatowa
(music) A form of classical music consisting of a single movement divided into three main sections, the exposition, development and recapitulation, sometimes followed by a coda.

sonatina sonatinas sonatine n
sonatina
A musical composition resembling a sonata but shorter or simpler.

song /sɑŋ/ /sɒŋ/ /sɔŋ/ songs n
piosenka pieśń
A musical composition with lyrics for voice or voices, performed by singing.
A melodious sound made by a bird, insect, whale or other animal.
śpiew
The act or art of singing.

song sparrow song sparrows n
szarobrewka śpiewna
Melospiza melodia, a medium-sized American sparrow.

song thrush song thrushes n
drozd śpiewak
A songbird in the thrush family, found across Eurasia (Turdus philomelos).

songbird /ˈsɑŋˌbɝd/ /ˈsɒŋˌbɜːd/ /ˈsɔŋˌbɝd/ songbirds n
ptak śpiewający
A bird having a melodious song or call.

songbook songbooks n
śpiewnik
A book containing songs.

songster /ˈsɒŋstɚ/ songsters n
pieśniarz piewca pieśniarka
A man who sings songs, especially as a profession; a male singer.

songstress /ˈsɑŋɡ.stɹɪs/ songstresses n
śpiewaczka
A female singer.

songwriter songwriters n
kompozytor tekściarz
(music) A musician who composes songs; especially writing the song's lyrics and/or creating a melody or a tune for the song.

sonic /ˈsɒnɪk/ adj
dźwiękowy
Of or relating to sound.

sonic boom sonic booms n
grom dźwiękowy
(physics, aerodynamics) The audible effect of a shock wave in the air, especially one caused by an aircraft flying faster than the speed of sound.

sonless adj
bezsynny

sonly sonlier sonliest adj
synowski
Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a son.

sonnet /ˈsɒnɪt/ /ˈsʌnɪt/ sonnets n
sonet
A fixed verse form of Italian origin consisting of fourteen lines that are typically five-foot iambics and rhyme according to one of a few prescribed schemes.

sonny /ˈsʌni/ sonnies n
synek
(dated) A familiar form of address for a boy. [1833]

sonorant /səˈnɔːɹ(ə)nt/ /ˈsɒn(ə)ɹ(ə)nt/ sonorants n
sonorant spółgłoska zwarto-otwarta
(phonetics) A speech sound that is produced without turbulent airflow in the vocal tract; the generic term of vowel, approximant, nasal consonant, etc.

sonorous /ˈsoʊ.nə.ɹəs/ /ˈsɑːn.ɚ.əs/ /ˈsɒn.əɹ.əs/ more sonorous most sonorous adj
donośny
Capable of giving out a deep, resonant sound.
dźwięczny
Full of sound and rich, as in language or verse.
górnolotny
Wordy or grandiloquent.

soon /sun/ /suːn/ sooner soonest adv
wkrótce niedługo
Within a short time; quickly.

sooner or later adv
prędzej czy później
(set phrase) Eventually, at some undetermined time in the not-too-distant future.

soot /suːt/ /sʊt/ /sʌt/ soots n
sadza kopeć
Fine black or dull brown particles of amorphous carbon and tar, produced by the incomplete combustion of coal, oil etc.

soothe /suːð/ v
łagodzić
(transitive) To restore to ease, comfort, or tranquility; relieve; calm; quiet; refresh.
koić ukoić uspokajać uspokoić
(transitive) To ease or relieve pain or suffering.

soothing /ˈsuːðɪŋ/ more soothing most soothing adj
uspokajający
Tending to soothe.
kojący uspokajający
Giving relief.

soothingly more soothingly most soothingly adv
uspokajająco łagodnie
In a soothing manner.

soothsayer /ˈsuːθˌseɪə/ /ˈsuθˌseɪɚ/ soothsayers n
wieszczek prorok wieszcz
One who attempts to predict the future, using magic, intuition or intelligence; a diviner.

sooty-headed bulbul sooty-headed bulbuls n
bilbil złotoplamy
Pycnonotus aurigaster, a bird of the bulbul family Pycnonotidae, of southeastern Asia.

sophism sophisms n
sofizm sofizmat
(countable) A flawed argument, superficially correct in its reasoning, usually designed to deceive.

sophisticated more sophisticated most sophisticated adj
obyty
Of a person: having obtained worldly experience, and lacking naiveté; cosmopolitan, worldly-wise.
wymyślny wyrafinowany wyszukany
Of art or other things: appealing to the tastes of an intellectual or sophisticated (sense 1) person; cerebral; also, cultured, elegant, refined.
skomplikowany złożony
Complicated, especially of complex technology.

sophistication /səˌfɪs.tɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ sophistications n
zaawansowanie
Enlightenment or education.
obycie wyrobienie
Cultivated intellectual worldliness; savoir-faire.
finezja wyrafinowanie
Complexity.
Ability to deal with complexity.

sophistry /ˈsɑ.fɪ.stɹi/ /ˈsɒ.fɪ.stɹi/ sophistries n
sofistyka
(uncountable) Plausible yet fallacious argumentations or reasoning.
(countable) An argument that seems plausible, but is fallacious or misleading, especially one devised deliberately to be so; a sophism.

soporific /ˌsoʊ.pəˈɹɪf.ɪk/ /ˌsɑp.əˈɹɪf.ɪk/ /ˌsɒp.əˈɹɪf.ɪk/ /ˌsəʊ.pəˈɹɪf.ɪk/ soporifics n
środek nasenny
(pharmaceutical drug) Something inducing sleep, especially a drug.

sora soras n
kureczka karolińska
A rail (Porzana carolina) of North, Central, and northern South America.

sorbet /sɔɹˈbeɪ/ /ˈsɔːbeɪ/ sorbets n
sorbet
Frozen fruit juice, sometimes mixed with egg whites, eaten as dessert or between courses of a meal.

sorcerer /ˈsɔɹ.sɚ.ɚ/ /ˈsɔːsəɹə(ɹ)/ sorcerers sorceress n
czarownik czarodziej
(mythology, folklore, fantasy) A magician or wizard, sometimes specifically male.

sorcerer's apprentice sorcerer's apprentices n
uczennica czarnoksiężnika uczeń czarnoksiężnika

sorceress sorceresses n
czarownica czarodziejka zamawiaczka
A female sorcerer, especially one who is elegant; compare witch.

sorcery /ˈsɔɹ.sə.ɹi/ /ˈsɔː.sə.ɹi/ sorceries n
czarnoksięstwo czarna magia czary magia
Magical power; the use of witchcraft or magic arts.

sore /so(ː)ɹ/ /soə/ /sɔɹ/ /sɔː/ sorer sorest adj
bolący obolały
Causing pain or discomfort; painfully sensitive.

sore loser sore losers n
osoba nieumiejąca przegrywać przegrana przegrany
(informal) One who complains or blames others for one's loss; one who is easily angered by losing a game or contest, or because of some other misfortune or bad luck.

sore throat sore throats n
ból gardła
(pathology, uncountable) The same, as a common symptom for many viral and bacterial infections.

sorghum /ˈsɔ(ɹ).ɡəm/ sorghums n
sorgo
A cereal, Sorghum genus and species, the grains of which are cultivated to make flour and feed cattle. Almost all cultivated ones as well as some wild ones belong to the species Sorghum bicolor (syn. Sorghum vulgare).

sororal /səˈɹɔːɹəl/ adj
siostrzany
Of or pertaining to a sister.

sororal nephew sororal nephews n
siostrzeniec
The son of one's sister. (This entry is a translation hub.)

sororal niece sororal nieces n
siostrzenica
The daughter of one's sister. (This entry is a translation hub.)

sororicide sororicides n
siostrobójstwo
The killing of one's sister.
siostrobójca siostrobójczyni
A person who kills his or her sister.

sorority sororities n
stowarzyszenie kobiet
A group of girls or women associated for a common purpose; a sisterhood.
korporacja studentek
(US) A social organization of female students at a college or university; usually identified by Greek letters.

sorrel /ˈsɒɹəl/ /ˈsɔɹəl/ adj
gniady
Of a brown colour, with a tint of red. (especially: a sorrel horse)

sorrel /ˈsɒɹəl/ /ˈsɔɹəl/ sorrels n
szczaw
Any of various plants with acidic leaves, especially
gniady
A brown colour, with a tint of red.

sorrow /ˈsɑɹ.oʊ/ /ˈsɒɹ.əʊ/ /ˈsɔɹ.oʊ/ sorrows n
smutek
(uncountable) unhappiness, woe

sorrowful /ˈsɑɹoʊfəl/ /ˈsɑɹəfəl/ /ˈsɒɹəfəl/ /ˈsɒɹəʊfəl/ /ˈsɔɹoʊfəl/ /ˈsɔɹɐʉfɘl/ /ˈsɔɹɘfɘl/ /ˈsɔɹəfəl/ more sorrowful most sorrowful adj
smutny
exhibiting sorrow; dejected; distraught; sad. (of a person)

sorry /ˈsɑɹ.i/ /ˈsɒ.ɹi/ /ˈsɔɹ.i/ sorrier sorriest adj
przepraszam przykro mi
przykry żałosny
Poor, pitifully sad or regrettable.

sorry /ˈsɑɹ.i/ /ˈsɒ.ɹi/ /ˈsɔɹ.i/ interjection
przepraszam daruj pardon przebacz przykro mi sorry
Expresses regret, remorse, or sorrow.
przepraszam? słucham?
Used as a request for someone to repeat something not heard or understood clearly.

sorry /ˈsɑɹ.i/ /ˈsɒ.ɹi/ /ˈsɔɹ.i/ sorries sorrys n
przepraszać przeprosić
The act of saying sorry; an apology.

sorry I'm late phraseologicalUnit
przepraszam za spóźnienie
Used to apologise for not arriving on time.

sorry, we don't accept credit cards phraseologicalUnit
przepraszam, nie akceptujemy kart kredytowych
(This entry is a translation hub.)

sort /sɔɹt/ /sɔːt/ sorts n
rodzaj typ sort
A general type.
(mathematics) A type.
sortowanie
An act of sorting.

sort /sɔɹt/ /sɔːt/ v
posortować sortować
(transitive) To separate items into different categories according to certain criteria that determine their sorts.
(intransitive) To suit; to fit; to be in accord; to harmonize.

sort of /ˈsɔɹt əv/ /ˈsɔːt əv/ [ˈsɔɹɾəv] [ˈsɔːt əv] [ˈsɔːʔ əv] [ˈsətəv] adv
jakiś
(idiomatic, colloquial) Approximately; in a way; partially; not quite; somewhat.

sorta /ˈsɔɹtə/ /ˈsɔːtə/ [ˈsɔɹɾə] [ˈsɔːtə] adv
jakiś
(informal)

sortie /ˈsɔɹti/ /ˈsɔːti/ [-ɾi] sorties n
desant wypad
(aviation) An operational flight carried out by a single military aircraft.

sorting sortings n
sortowanie
(gerund) Ordering.
(gerund) Categorizing.

sortkey sortkeys n
klucz sortowania

soteriology /səʊtɪəɹɪˈɒləd͡ʒi/ soteriologies n
soteriologia
(theology) The study or doctrine of salvation.

sotto voce /ˌsɑtoʊ ˈvoʊtʃi/ /ˌsɒtəʊ ˈvəʊtʃeɪ/ adv
cicho półgłosem
(of speech, of a voice, etc) Quietly.

soufflé /suːˈfleɪ/ /ˈsuːfleɪ/ soufflés n
suflet
A baked dish made from beaten egg whites and various other ingredients.

soul /soʊl/ /sɐʉl/ /səʊl/ [so̞ːɫ] [sɒʊɫ] souls n
dusza
(religion, folklore) The spirit or essence of a person usually thought to consist of one's thoughts and personality, often believed to live on after the person's death.
A person, especially as one among many.
życie dusza
Life, energy, vigor.
soul
(music) Soul music.

soul music n
soul
(music genre) A genre of music that originated in black American gospel, characterized by the use of secular lyrics, and an earthy, intensely emotional style.

soulless /soʊl.ləs/ /səʊl.ləs/ [soʊɫ.ləs] more soulless most soulless adj
bezduszny
As if without a soul; insensitive, unfeeling.

soullessly more soullessly most soullessly adv
bezdusznie

soullessness n
bezduszność

soulmate soulmates n
bratnia dusza pokrewna dusza przyjazna dusza
Someone, especially a romantic partner, with whom one is exceptionally or uniquely compatible or has a special, almost spiritual connection.

sound /saʊnd/ sounder soundest adj
zdrowy
Healthy.
solidny
Complete, solid, or secure.
głęboki zdrowy
(of sleep) Quiet and deep.

sound /saʊnd/ sounds n
dźwięk fonia
A sensation perceived by the ear caused by the vibration of air or some other medium.
A vibration capable of causing such sensations.
cieśnina
(geography, landforms) A long narrow inlet, or a strait between the mainland and an island; also, a strait connecting two seas, or connecting a sea or lake with the ocean.

sound /saʊnd/ v
brzmieć dźwięczeć wymawiać
(transitive) To cause to produce a sound.

sound barrier sound barriers n
bariera dźwięku bariera dźwiękowa
(uncountable) Sonic barrier, the sudden increase in drag (resistance) and other effects experienced by moving objects when their speed approaches that of sound or becomes supersonic (which used to be considered a barrier to higher speeds).

sound card sound cards n
karta dźwiękowa
(computer hardware) A computer hardware device used for generating and capturing sounds.

sound change sound changes n
proces fonetyczny
(phonology) Any process of language change that affects pronunciation (phonetic change) or sound system structures (phonological change).

sound engineer sound engineers n
dźwiękowiec
One who practices sound engineering.

sound film sound films n
film dźwiękowy
(cinematography) A film with sound, as opposed to a silent film

sound isolation n
dźwiękoszczelność
(sound, headphones) the property of blocking off outside sound through use of materials that reduce sound transmission from the exterior environment into the interior environment

sound law /ˈsaʊnd lɑ/ /ˈsaʊnd lɔ/ /ˈsaʊnd lɔː/ sound laws n
proces fonetyczny zjawisko fonetyczne
(phonology) A rule that describes historical sound change (the change in pronunciation of a given sound or cluster of sounds) in the development of a language. [from 19th c.]

sound out v
wybrzmiewać wybrzmieć
(transitive) To pronounce a word or phrase by articulating each of its letters or syllables slowly in sequence.

sound post sound posts n
dusza
(lutherie) A wooden rod located inside the body of a violin-family instrument, close to the treble-side bridge foot.

sound wave sound waves n
fala dźwiękowa
(physics) The longitudinal wave of pressure that is transmitted through any plastic material; audible sound.

sounding board sounding boards n
płyta rezonansowa
A thin board that forms part of the resonating chamber of a musical instrument and serves to reinforce its sound.

soundless /saʊndləs/ more soundless most soundless adj
bezszelestny bezdźwięczny bezgłośny
Without sound.

soundlessly more soundlessly most soundlessly adv
bezdźwięcznie bezgłośnie bezszelestnie
In a manner that makes no noise.

soundlessness n
bezdźwięczność bezgłośność
The state or condition of being soundless.

soundproof more soundproof most soundproof adj
dźwiękoszczelny
Not allowing sound through.

soundproof v
wyciszać wyciszyć wygłuszać wygłuszyć
To make resistant to transmitting sound.

sounds like a plan phraseologicalUnit
brzmi jak plan
(informal) Used to indicate agreement with a proposed suggestion.

soundtrack soundtracks n
ścieżka dźwiękowa soundtrack
A narrow strip running down a movie film that carries the recorded sound in synchronization with the pictures.
The sound (especially the music) component of a movie, video game, etc.
A recording of such music for sale.

soup /sup/ /suːp/ soups n
zupa
(countable) A serving of such a dish, typically in a bowl.
(uncountable) The liquid part of such a dish; the broth.
(UK, informal, often with "the") An unfortunate situation; trouble, problems (a fix, a mess); chaos.

soup bowl soup bowls n
miska do zupy
A deep bowl, designed for serving soup.

soup kitchen soup kitchens n
jadłodajnia
A place set up to provide soup and other basic food as a charity or in time of disaster.

soupline souplines n
kolejka po zupę

sour /ˈsaʊə/ /ˈsaʊɚ/ sourer sourest adj
zjełczały
Made rancid by fermentation, etc.
kwaśny
Tasting or smelling rancid.
(of a person's character) Hostile or unfriendly.
Excessively acidic and thus infertile. (of soil)
Unfortunate or unfavorable.

sour /ˈsaʊə/ /ˈsaʊɚ/ v
gorzknieć kwaśnieć pokwaśnieć skwaśnieć zgorzknieć
(intransitive) To become sour.

sour cherry sour cherries n
wiśnia
Species of Prunus subg. Cerasus, (cherries), native to much of Europe and southwest Asia, especially, Prunus cerasus, Prunus pseudocerasus, and Prunus cerasoides.
The fruit of these trees, often used for cooking.

sour cream sour creams n
śmietana
Cream which has been treated with a benign bacterium to turn it slightly sour, often used as a condiment, or a topping for baked potatoes.

sour grapes n
kwaśne winogrona
(idiomatic) A putting down or expression of disdain about something that one desires but cannot have.

sour milk sour milks n
kwaśne mleko zsiadłe mleko
A kind of dairy product produced by causing raw milk to somewhat congeal by addition of acid or fermentation through bespoke acidification cultures.

source /so(ː)ɹs/ /soəs/ /suːɹs/ /sɔɹs/ /sɔːs/ /sʊɹs/ sources n
źródło zdrój krynica
The person, place, or thing from which something (information, goods, etc.) comes or is acquired.
źródło
A reporter's informant.
(electronics) The name of one terminal of a field effect transistor (FET).

source code source codes n
kod źródłowy
(programming) Human-readable instructions in a programming language, to be transformed into machine instructions by a compiler, assembler or other translator, or to be carried out directly by an interpreter.

source criticism n
krytyka źródeł

source document source documents n
dokument źródłowy
(accounting) A document that provides official notification of a credit or debit to an account, such as a bank statement, bill of sale, invoice, receipt, etc.

source language source languages n
język źródłowy
(linguistics, translation studies) The language from which a translation is done.

sourdough /ˈsaʊəˌdəʊ/ /ˈsaʊɚˌdoʊ/ sourdoughs n
zakwas ciasto na zakwasie
(obsolete) Leaven; an agent that makes dough rise.

sourpuss /ˈsaʊə(ɹ)ˌpʊs/ sourpusses n
maruda zrzęda
(informal) A person who is habitually gloomy, sullen or miserable; a grouch. A scowling person.

sousaphone sousaphones n
suzaphon
A valved brass instrument with the same length as a tuba, but shaped differently so that the bell is above the head, that the valves are situated directly in front of the musical instruments and a few inches above the waist, and that most of the weight rests on one shoulder.

soutane soutanes n
sutanna
A long gown with sleeves and buttons at the front, particularly when worn by Roman Catholic clerics.

south /saʊθ/ /suːθ/ /sæoθ/ /sʌʊθ/ adj
południowy południe
Of or pertaining to the south; southern.

south /saʊθ/ /suːθ/ /sæoθ/ /sʌʊθ/ adv
na południe
Toward the south; southward.
z południa
(meteorology) Of wind, from the south.

south /saʊθ/ /suːθ/ /sæoθ/ /sʌʊθ/ souths n
południe
The direction towards the pole to the right-hand side of someone facing east, specifically 180°, or (on another celestial object) the direction towards the pole lying on the southern side of the invariable plane.
The southern region or area; the inhabitants thereof. [circa 1300]
(ecclesiastical) In a church: the direction to the right-hand side of a person facing the altar.
(figurative) down or the negative direction
(physics) The negative or south pole of a magnet

south pole south poles n
biegun południowy
The southernmost point on celestial bodies other than Earth.

southeast southeasts n
południowy wschód południowy wschód
The intercardinal compass point halfway between east and south; specifically at a bearing of 135°.

southeastern adj
południowo-wschodni
Of or pertaining to the southeast.

southern /ˈsaʊðɚn/ /ˈsʌðən/ /ˈsʌðɚn/ more southern most southern adj
południowy
Of or pertaining to a southern region, especially Southern Europe or the southern United States.

southern beech southern beeches n
bukan
Any of several trees or shrubs of the genus Nothofagus native to South America and Australasia.

southern lights n
zorza polarna
The aurora of the southern hemisphere. [from 18th c.]

southerner southerners n
południowiec
A native or inhabitant of the south of a region (or of the world as a whole), such as the United Kingdom.

southernwood southernwoods n
boże drzewko bylica boże drzewko
An aromatic shrub, Artemisia abrotanum, related to wormwood.

southpaw /ˈsaʊθˌpɑ/ /ˈsaʊθˌpɔː/ southpaws n
leworęczny mańkut
(informal, idiom) One who is left-handed, especially in sports.

southward /ˈsaʊθwəd/ /ˈsʌðəd/ more southward most southward adv
na południe
Towards the south; in a southerly direction.

southwester southwesters n
zydwestka
(more often sou'wester) A waterproof hat, often of oilskin and with a long brim at the back covering the neck, designed to repel wind and rain.

southwestern adj
południowo-zachodni

souvenir /ˈsu.vəˌnɪɹ/ /ˌsoʊ.vəˈnɪ.ə/ /ˌsu.vəˈnɪɹ/ /ˌsuːvəˈnɪə/ souvenirs n
pamiątka
An item of sentimental value, that is given or kept to remember an event or location.

souvlaki /suːvˈlæki/ /suːvˈlɑki/ souvlakia souvlakis n
souvlaki

sovereign /ˈsɑv(ə)ɹɪn/ /ˈsɒv.ɹɪn/ more sovereign most sovereign adj
suwerenny niepodległy niezależny
Exercising power of rule.

sovereign /ˈsɑv(ə)ɹɪn/ /ˈsɒv.ɹɪn/ sovereigns n
suweren władca
A monarch; the ruler of a country.
suweren
A gold coin of the United Kingdom, with a nominal value of one pound sterling but in practice used as a bullion coin.

sovereign state sovereign states n
państwo suwerenne
A state (country) which has sovereignty over a defined geographic area, is independent of any other country, and has its own government.

sovereignty /-ɹɪn-/ /ˈsɑv(ə)ɹənti/ /ˈsɒvɹənti/ [-ɾi] sovereignties n
suwerenność
(by extension) Of a nation or other polity: the state of being able to control resources, make laws independently, and otherwise govern itself without the coercion or concurrence of other polities.

soviet /ˈsoʊ.vi.ət/ /ˈsɒ.vi.ət/ /ˈsəʊ.vi.ət/ soviets n
rada
(historical) A workers' council, an institution first formed during the 1905 Russian Revolution and then instituted as the main form of communist government at all levels in the Soviet Union; by extension, a similar organization in early Chinese communism and elsewhere.

sovkhoz sovkhozes sovkhozy n
sowchoz
A large, state-owned farm in the Soviet Union.

sovnarkhoz sovnarkhozes sovnarkhozy n
sownarchoz
(historical) Any of the regional economic councils of the Soviet Union, which were created in 1957.

sow /saʊ/ sows swine n
maciora locha
A female pig.
A female guinea pig.

sow /soʊ/ /səʊ/ v
siać
(ambitransitive) To scatter, disperse, or plant (seeds).

sow the wind, reap the whirlwind proverb
kto sieje wiatr, zbiera burzę
Every decision has consequences; a person's actions will come back to them; if one starts trouble or takes actions in spite of the discontent they cause, one will incur negative consequences.

sow thistle /saʊ θɪsl̩/ sow thistles n
mlecz
Any of the thistles in one of the genera Cicerbita and Sonchus.

sower /ˈsəʊɚ/ sowers n
siewca
One who or that which sows.

sowing /ˈsoʊɪŋ/ /ˈsəʊɪŋ/ sowings n
siew sianie
The act or process by which something is sown.

soy /sɔɪ/ soys n
soja
A common East Asian liquid sauce, made by subjecting boiled beans to long fermentation and then long digestion in salt and water.
(uncountable, often, attributive) Soybeans, or the protein derived from them.

soy milk soy milks n
mleko sojowe
(uncountable) A milky liquid made from soy beans and used as a beverage, cooking ingredient or substitute for dairy milk.

soy sauce soy sauces n
sos sojowy
A condiment sauce and ingredient, common in Asian cuisine, made from fermented soybeans, salt, and sometimes wheat.

soybean soybeans n
soja
The edible seed of this plant.

soz /sɒz/ interjection
sorry

spa /ˈspɐː/ /ˈspɑ/ /ˈspɑː/ /ˈspɔː/ spas n
uzdrowisko spa
A health resort near a mineral spring or hot spring.
A trendy or fashionable resort.
A health club.
A hot tub.
(New England) A convenience store.

space /speɪs/ spaces n
kosmos przestrzeń kosmiczna
The near-vacuum in which planets, stars and other celestial objects are situated; the universe beyond the earth's atmosphere. [from 17thc.]
przestrzeń
Physical extent across two or three dimensions (sometimes for or to do something). [from 14thc.]
(geometry) A set of points, each of which is uniquely specified by a number (the dimensionality) of coordinates.
miejsce
(heading) A bounded or specific extent, physical or otherwise.
przestrzeń kosmos
(countable, mathematics) A generalized construct or set whose members have some property in common; typically there will be a geometric metaphor allowing these members to be viewed as "points". Often used with a restricting modifier describing the members (e.g. vector space), or indicating the inventor of the construct (e.g. Hilbert space). [from 20thc.]
spacja odstęp
A gap in text between words, lines etc., or a digital character used to create such a gap. [from 16thc.]

space alien space aliens n
kosmita
(chiefly, US) An extraterrestrial being; a visitor from outer space.

space bar space bars n
spacja
(computing) A key, in the shape of a bar, near the bottom of a keyboard, that generates a space character when pressed.

space blanket space blankets n
koc
A blanket made of a plastic material covered with a reflective metal agent; designed to reduce heat loss from a person's body following trauma, or used on the exterior of a spacecraft for thermal control.

space complexity space complexities n
złożoność pamięciowa
(computer science) A measure of the amount of space, or memory required by an algorithm to solve a given decision problem. An informal analogy would be the amount of scratch paper needed while working out a problem with pen and paper.

space debris n
kosmiczne śmieci
All the objects in orbit around the Earth that were created by human activity, but now have no useful purpose.

space exploration space explorations n
badanie kosmosu eksploracja kosmosu
Investigation of interplanetary or interstellar space, its properties, biology and the bodies within it; usually with the use of spacecraft.

space flight space flights n
lot kosmiczny
(uncountable) Flight into, from or through space.

space heater space heaters n
farelka
A portable heating appliance used to warm an area or room.

space rocket space rockets n
rakieta kosmiczna

space shuttle space shuttles n
wahadłowiec kosmoplan prom kosmiczny
Any vehicle capable of travelling repeatedly between the Earth's surface and outer space carrying people or cargo.

space station space stations n
stacja kosmiczna
A crewed artificial satellite designed for long-term habitation, research, etc.

space suit space suits n
skafander kosmiczny
A system of protective and pressurized clothing, together with environmental equipment, worn by astronauts when in space.

space-filling adj
wypełniający przestrzeń

spacecraft spacecraft spacecrafts n
statek kosmiczny

spaced repetition n
metoda inteligentnych powtórek

spaceman /ˈspeɪsˌmæn/ spacemen n
astronauta kosmonauta
(informal, childish) An astronaut, often a male astronaut.

spaceship spaceships n
statek kosmiczny pojazd kosmiczny
(astronautics) A vehicle that flies through space.

spacetime spacetimes n
czasoprzestrzeń
(uncountable, physics) The four-dimensional continuum of the three spatial dimensions plus time.
(physics) An n-dimensional continuum consisting of dimensions of both space and time. Normally spacetime is considered as having 4 dimensions (x, y, z, t), but higher-dimensional spacetimes are often encountered in theoretical physics, e.g. the 5-dimensional spacetime of Kaluza-Klein theory or the 11 dimensions of spacetime in M-theory.

spacewoman spacewomen n
astronautka kosmonautka
A female astronaut.

spacious /ˈspeɪʃəs/ more spacious most spacious adj
przestronny
Having plenty of space; roomy.
obszerny
Large in expanse.

spaciousness spaciousnesses n
obszerność
The state or quality of being spacious.

spade /sped/ /speɪd/ spades n
szpadel rydel
A garden tool with a handle and a flat blade for digging. Not to be confused with a shovel which is used for moving earth or other materials.
pik wino
(card games) A playing card marked with the symbol ♠.

spades /speɪdz/ n
pik
(card games) One of the four suits of playing cards, marked with the symbol ♠.
piki
(card games) A card game in which the spade suit cards are trumps.

spadix /ˈspeɪdɪks/ spadices spadixes n
kolba
(botany) A fleshy spike (inflorescence) with reduced flowers, usually enclosed by a spathe, characteristic of aroids.

spaghetti /spəˈɡɛti/ [-ɾi] spaghettis n
spaghetti
(countable, uncountable) A type of pasta made in the shape of long thin strings.
(by extension, countable, uncountable) A dish that has spaghetti (sense 1) as a main part of it, such as spaghetti bolognese.

spaghettification /spəˈɡɛ.ɾə.fəˌkeɪ.ʃən/ /spəˌɡɛt.ə.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃ(ə)n/ [-fɪ-] [-ɾɪ-] n
efektem makaronu spagetyzacja spaghettifikacja spaghettizacja
(astrophysics) The gravitational stretching of objects into long, thin shapes, usually near a black hole. [from late 20th c.]

spaghetto spaghetti n
spaghetti
(rare, prescriptive) A single strand of spaghetti.

spall /spɔːl/ spalls n
odłamek
A splinter, fragment or chip, especially of stone.

spall /spɔːl/ v
rozpaść się
(ambitransitive) To break into fragments or small pieces.

spallation /spɑːleɪʃən/ /spɔːleɪʃən/ /spəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ spallations n
rozbicie
(engineering, materials science) Fragmentation due to stress or impact, or any pattern of surface damage created thereby.
kruszenie spalacja
(nuclear physics) A nuclear reaction in which a nucleus fragments into many nucleons.

spam /ˈspæm/ [ˈspeəm] spams n
spam
(uncountable, rarely, countable, computing, Internet) Unsolicited bulk electronic messages.
konserwa turystyczna mielonka
A type of tinned meat made mainly from ham.

spammer spammers n
spamer
(computing, internet) Someone who sends spam.

spamproof more spamproof most spamproof adj
odporny na spam

span /spæn/ /spæːn/ spans n
piędź
The full width of an open hand from the end of the thumb to the end of the little finger used as an informal unit of length.
przęsło
(architecture, construction) The spread or extent of an arch or between its abutments, or of a beam, girder, truss, roof, bridge, or the like, between supports.

span /spæn/ /spæːn/ v
mieć zasięg obejmować rozciągać się
(transitive) To extend through (a time period).

spangled kookaburra spangled kookaburras n
kukabura łuskowana
A kookaburra of the Aru Islands, with blue wings and tail, a white chest and belly, dark eyes, and a striking white-spotted black head, Dacelo tyro.

spaniel /ˈspænjəl/ /ˈspænəl/ spaniels n
spaniel spanielka
Any of various small to medium-sized breeds of gun dog having a broad muzzle, long, wavy fur and long ears that hang at the side of the head, bred for flushing and retrieving game.

spank /spæŋk/ spanks n
klaps
An instance of spanking, separately or part of a multiple blows-beating; a smack, swat, or slap.

spanner /ˈspæn.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈspæn.ɚ/ spanners n
klucz płaski
(Australian, NZ, British, Irish) A hand tool for adjusting nuts and bolts; a wrench.

spanning tree spanning trees n
drzewo rozpinające
(graph theory) A tree structure which includes all vertices of a graph.

spare no effort v
nie szczędzić sił nie szczędzić starań
(idiomatic) To do everything within one's powers to achieve something.

spare no expense v
nie oszczędzać nie oszczędzić
To be willing to pay as much as necessary to achieve an objective.

spare the rod and spoil the child proverb
dzieci trzeba trzymać krótko kto dobrze kocha, ten tęgo bije kto się lubi ten się czubi
If one does not discipline a child, the child will never learn obedience and good manners.

spare tyre spare tyres n
koło zapasowe
An extra tyre carried in case one of the vehicle's tyres is damaged or deflated.

sparing more sparing most sparing adj
oszczędny
Prudent and restrained in the use of resources; careful, economical or frugal.

spark /spɑɹk/ /spɑːk/ sparks n
iskra
A small particle of glowing matter, either molten or on fire, resulting from an electrical surge or excessive heat created by friction.
A short or small burst of electrical discharge.

spark /spɑɹk/ /spɑːk/ v
iskrzyć
(intransitive) To give off a spark or sparks.

spark gap spark gaps n
iskiernik przerwa iskrowa
A gap, between two electrical terminals, across which sparks are generated.

spark plug spark plugs n
świeca zapłonowa
The part of an internal combustion engine which forms a high-voltage electric spark which ignites the fuel-air mixture to begin the power stroke.

sparkle /ˈspɑɹkəl/ /ˈspɑːkəl/ sparkles n
blask
A little spark; a scintillation.
Brilliance; luster.

sparkler sparklers n
zimny ogień
A hand-held firework that emits sparks.

sparkling /ˈspɑɹklɪŋ/ /ˈspɑɹkl̩ɪŋ/ /ˈspɑːklɪŋ/ /ˈspɑːkl̩ɪŋ/ adj
lśniący mieniący się
Of an object, reflecting light as if giving off tiny sparks or flashes of light.
gazowany musujący
Of a beverage, especially an alcoholic beverage, containing dissolved carbon dioxide (either naturally or that has been added) that comes out of solution in the form of many tiny bubbles.

sparkling wine sparkling wines n
wino musujące
Any wine that is effervescent because of dissolved carbon dioxide; either because of fermentation in bottle or by physical carbonation.

sparring /ˈspɑːɹɪŋ/ sparrings n
sparing
The act of one who spars.

sparrow /ˈspæɹoʊ/ /ˈspæɹəʊ/ /ˈspɛɹoʊ/ sparrows n
wróbel
A member of the family Passeridae, comprising small Old World songbirds.
trznadel
A member of the family Emberizidae, comprising small New World songbirds.

sparse /spɑːs/ /spɑːɹs/ sparser sparsest adj
rzadki
Having widely spaced intervals.

spasm /ˈspæz.əm/ spasms n
kurcz skurcz spazm
A sudden, involuntary contraction of a muscle, a group of muscles, or a hollow organ.

spasmodic /spæzˈmɑ.dɪk/ /spæzˈmɒd.ɪk/ more spasmodic most spasmodic adj
spazmatyczny
Of or relating to a spasm; resembling a sudden contraction of the muscles.
konwulsyjny
Convulsive; consisting of spasms.
przerywany
Intermittent or fitful; occurring in abrupt bursts.
nieregularny
Erratic or unsustained.

spasmolytic more spasmolytic most spasmolytic adj
spazmolityczny
(medicine) antispastic, antispasmodic

spastic /ˈspastɪk/ /ˈspæstɪk/ more spastic most spastic adj
spastyczny
(pathology) Of, relating to, or affected by spasm.
(pathology) Of or relating to spastic paralysis.

spastic /ˈspastɪk/ /ˈspæstɪk/ spastics n
niezdara
(slang, derogatory, offensive, _, especially, in, _) A stupid, clumsy person.

spasticity spasticities n
spastyczność
The state, quality or property of being spastic.

spat /spæt/ spats n
getry
(often, in the plural) A covering or decorative covering worn over a shoe.
sprzeczka
A brief argument, falling out, quarrel.

spat /spæt/ v
sprzeczać się
To quarrel or argue briefly.

spate /speɪt/ spates n
powódź
(countable) A (sudden) flood or inundation of water; specifically, a flood in or overflow of a river or other watercourse due to heavy rain or melting snow; (uncountable, archaic) flooding, inundation.

spatial /ˈspeɪ.ʃəl/ /ˈspæɪ.ʃəl/ adj
przestrzenny
Pertaining to (the dimension of) space.
(uncommon) Pertaining to (outer) space.

spatiotemporal /ˈspeɪ.ʃiː.oʊˌtɛm.pə.rəl/ /ˈspeɪ.ʃiː.əuˌtem.pə.rəl/ /ˈspæɪ.ʃiː.əʉˌtem.pə.rəl/ more spatiotemporal most spatiotemporal adj
czasoprzestrzenny
Of, concerning, or existing in both space and time.
Of or concerning spacetime.

spatula /ˈspætjʊlə/ /ˈspæt͡ʃələ/ /ˈspæt͡ʃʊlə/ spatulae spatulas spatulæ n
szpatułka kuchenna łopatka kuchenna
A kitchen utensil consisting of a flat surface attached to a long handle, used for turning, lifting, or stirring food.

spawn /spɑn/ /spɑɒn/ /spɔn/ /spɔːn/ spawn spawns n
ikra skrzek
The numerous eggs of an aquatic organism.
grzybnia
Mushroom mycelium prepared for (aided) propagation.
nasienie pomiot
Any germ or seed, even a figurative source.

spawn /spɑn/ /spɑɒn/ /spɔn/ /spɔːn/ v
ikrzyć trzeć
(transitive) To produce or deposit (eggs) in water.
mnożyć
(intransitive) To reproduce, especially in large numbers.
pojawić zespawnować
(ergative, video games, of a character or object) (To cause) to appear spontaneously in a game at a certain point and time.

spay /speɪ/ v
sterylizować
(transitive) To destroy or remove the ovaries and/or uterus (of a female animal) to prevent pregnancy.

speak /spik/ /spiːk/ v
mówić rozmawiać
(intransitive) To communicate with one's voice, to say words out loud.
mówić
(intransitive) To deliver a message to a group; to deliver a speech.
(transitive, stative) To be able to communicate in a language.

speak for oneself v
mówić sam za siebie rozumieć się sam przez się
To have obvious implications; to require no explanation.

speak of the devil phraseologicalUnit
o wilku mowa o wilku mowa, a wilk tu
(idiomatic, humorous) An expression sometimes used when a person mentioned in the current conversation happens to arrive on the scene.

speak one's mind v
przemawiać własnym głosem przemówić własnym głosem
(idiomatic) To state one's thoughts or opinions honestly or frankly.

speak out v
wypowiadać się wypowiedzieć się
(idiomatic) To assert or promote one's opinion; to make one's thoughts known.

speak someone's language v
mówić tym samym językiem

speak too soon v
zapeszać zapeszyć źle przewidywać źle przewidzieć

speak with a forked tongue v
oszukać oszukiwać

speaker /ˈspikɚ/ /ˈspiːkə/ speakers n
mówca mówczyni mówiąca mówiący
One who speaks.
głośnik
Loudspeaker.
przewodniczący marszałek spiker
(politics) The chair or presiding officer of certain legislative bodies, such as the U.K. House of Commons or the U.S. House of Representatives.
mówca
One who makes a speech to an audience.

speaking /ˈspiːˌkɪŋ/ interjection
tu tutaj z tej strony
(telephone) Indication that the person requested is the same as the one who is currently speaking.

speaking clock speaking clocks n
zegarynka
A service provided by telephone companies where people can get the time by phoning a certain number.

speaking in tongues n
glosolalia
The act of speaking a language one does not know, or speaking elaborate but apparently meaningless speech, while in a trance-like state (or, supposedly, under the influence of a deity or spirits); glossolalia.

speaking of adv
przy okazji à propos
(colloquial) Speaking of which; relatedly, used to introduce a related topic.

speaking voice speaking voices n
normalny głos
A person's voice when speaking.

spear /spɪə̯(ɹ)/ /spɪɹ/ spears n
włócznia dzida kopia oszczep
A long stick with a sharp tip used as a weapon for throwing or thrusting, or anything used to make a thrusting motion.
harpun
A lance with barbed prongs, used by fishermen to retrieve fish.

spear side spear sides n
po mieczu
The male or paternal branch of a family.

spearhead /ˈspiɹ.hɛd/ /ˈspɪə.hɛd/ /ˈspɪɹ.hɛd/ spearheads n
grot
The pointed head, or end, of a spear.
szpica
The leading military unit in an attack.

spearhead /ˈspiɹ.hɛd/ /ˈspɪə.hɛd/ /ˈspɪɹ.hɛd/ v
stanąć na czele stać na czele
(transitive) To drive or campaign ardently for, as an effort, project, etc.

spearmint /ˈspɪəˌmɪnt/ /ˈspɪɹˌmɪnt/ spearmints n
mięta zielona
A herb of the mint family (Mentha spicata), commonly used in herb tea, candy and to treat mild stomach ache.

special /ˈspɛʃ.əl/ more special most special specialer specialest adj
specjalny wyjątkowy osobliwy
Distinguished by a unique or unusual quality.
wyjątkowy specjalny
Of particular value or interest; dear; beloved.

special education n
pedagogika specjalna
Any of several educational services designed for students with learning difficulties, mental health problems, or other disabilities.

special forces n
siły specjalne
Elite military forces engaged in unconventional operations such as guerrilla warfare or counterterrorism.

special function special functions n
funkcja specjalna

special relativity n
szczególna teoria względności
(relativity) A theory that (neglecting the effects of gravity) reconciles the principle of relativity with the observation that the speed of light is constant in all frames of reference.

special someone special someones n
partner partnerka

specialist /ˈspɛʃəlɪst/ specialists n
specjalista specjalistka
Someone who is an expert in, or devoted to, some specific branch of study or research.
specjalista
(medicine) A physician whose practice is limited to a particular branch of medicine or surgery.

specialization /ˌspɛʃəlɪˈzeɪʃn̩/ specializations n
specjalizacja uszczegółowienie
The act or process of specializing.

specialize /ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪz/ v
specjalizować wyspecjalizować
(biology, transitive) To make distinct or separate due to form or function.
(rare, transitive) To specify: to mention specifically.

specialized more specialized most specialized adj
wyspecjalizowany
Highly skilled in, or specifically adapted to, a specific field.

specialty /ˈspɛʃəlti/ specialties n
specjalność specjalizacja
That in which one specializes; a chosen expertise or talent.

specialty store specialty stores n
sklep specjalistyczny skład
A store specialized on a particular type of items.

species /-iːz/ /-ɪz/ /ˈspiːsiːz/ /ˈspiːʃiːz/ species specieses n
gatunek
(biology, taxonomy) A category in the classification of organisms, ranking below genus; a taxon at that rank.
A group of plants or animals in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction, usually having similar appearance.

speciesism /ˈspiːsiːˌzɪzəm/ /ˈspiːʃiːˌzɪzəm/ n
szowinizm gatunkowy dyskryminacja gatunkowa gatunkizm gatunkowizm

specific /spəˈsɪf.ɪk/ /spɛk.ˈsi.fɪk/ /spɪˈsɪf.ɪk/ more specific most specific adj
konkretny specyficzny
explicit or definite.
osobliwy specyficzny
special, distinctive or unique.

specific epithet specific epithets n
nazwa gatunkowa
(taxonomy) The second (uncapitalized) word in the scientific name of a species, following the name of the genus.

specifically /spəˈsɪf.ɪk.li/ /spɪˈsɪf.ɪk.li/ more specifically most specifically adv
specyficznie
For a specific purpose or reason.

specification specifications n
specyfikacja
An explicit set of requirements to be satisfied by a material, product, or service.

specificity /spɛsɪˈfɪsɪti/ specificities n
specyficzność specyfika
The state of being specific rather than general.

specimen /ˈspɛsɪmɪn/ specimens specimina n
okaz osobnik przykład
An individual instance that represents a class; an example.
okaz próbka osobnik przykład
A sample, especially one used for diagnostic analysis.

specious /ˈspiːʃəs/ more specious most specious adj
bałamutny
Seemingly well-reasoned, plausible or true, but actually fallacious.

speciously /ˈspiːʃəsli/ more speciously most speciously adv
bałamutnie

speciousness speciousnesses n
bałamutność
(uncountable) The state or quality of being specious.

speckled /ˈspɛkəld/ more speckled most speckled adj
cętkowany nakrapiany
Marked with dots or spots, spotted.

spectacle /ˈspɛktəkl̩/ spectacles n
spektakl widowisko
An exciting or extraordinary scene, exhibition, performance etc.

spectacle case spectacle cases n
etui na okulary futerał na okulary
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see spectacles,‎ case. (This entry is a translation hub.)

spectacles /ˈspɛktəkl̩z/ n
okulary
(plural only, formal) A pair of lenses set in a frame worn on the nose and ears in order to correct deficiencies in eyesight or to ornament the face.

spectacularly more spectacularly most spectacularly adv
bajerancko
In a spectacular manner, extraordinarily, amazingly.

spectator /spɛkˈteɪtə/ /ˈspɛkteɪtɚ/ spectators n
widz
One who watches an event; especially, an event held outdoors.

specter /ˈspɛktə/ /ˈspɛktɚ/ specters n
widmo zjawa
A ghostly apparition, a phantom. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

spectroscope spectroscopes n
spektroskop
An optical instrument used for spectrographic analysis [from later 19th c.].

spectroscopic adj
spektroskopowy
(analytical chemistry) Of or relating to spectroscopy or to a spectroscope.

spectroscopically adv
spektroskopowo
By means of a spectroscope

spectroscopy spectroscopies n
spektroskopia
(uncountable) The scientific study of spectra.

spectrum /ˈspɛktɹəm/ spectra spectrums n
spektrum widmo
A range; a continuous, infinite, one-dimensional set, possibly bounded by extremes.
widmo
Specifically, a range of colours representing light (electromagnetic radiation) of contiguous frequencies; hence electromagnetic spectrum, visible spectrum, ultraviolet spectrum, etc. [from later 17th c.]
(chemistry) The pattern of absorption or emission of radiation produced by a substance when subjected to energy (radiation, heat, electricity, etc.).
(mathematics, linear algebra) The set of eigenvalues of a matrix.
(mathematics, functional analysis) Of a bounded linear operator A, the set of scalar values λ such that the operator A—λI, where I denotes the identity operator, does not have a bounded inverse; intended as a generalisation of the linear algebra sense.

speculate /ˈspek.jəˌlæɪt/ /ˈspɛk.jəˌleɪt/ /ˈspɛk.jʊˌleɪt/ v
gdybać
(intransitive) To make an inference based on inconclusive evidence; to surmise or conjecture.
spekulować
(intransitive, business, finance) To make a risky trade in the hope of making a profit; to venture or gamble.

speculation /ˌspɛk.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/ speculations n
spekulacja
(philosophy) The act or process of reasoning a priori from premises given or assumed.
(business, finance) An investment involving higher-than-normal risk in order to obtain a higher-than-normal return.
The act or practice of buying land, goods, shares, etc., in expectation of selling at a higher price, or of selling with the expectation of repurchasing at a lower price; a trading on anticipated fluctuations in price, as distinguished from trading in which the profit expected is the difference between the retail and wholesale prices, or the difference of price in different markets.

speculative /ˈspɛkjuləˌtɪv/ more speculative most speculative adj
spekulatywny
Characterized by speculation; based on guessing, unfounded opinions, or extrapolation.

speculative application speculative applications n
podanie bez ogłoszenia
An application for a job with an employer who is not currently advertising any vacancies.

speculative fiction speculative fictions n
fantastyka
(uncountable) A class of fiction involving fantastic, supernatural or futuristic elements, including fantasy, horror, and science fiction, dealing with worlds, themes, and characters not part of everyday life. [from 20th c.]

speculator speculators n
spekulant
(business, finance) One who speculates; as in investing, one who is willing to take volatile risks upon invested principal for the potential of substantial returns.

speculum /ˈspɛk.jə.ləm/ /ˈspɛk.jʊ.ləm/ specula speculums n
wziernik
(medicine) A medical instrument used during an examination to dilate an orifice.

speech /ˈspiːt͡ʃ/ speeches n
mowa przemówienie
(uncountable) The ability to speak; the faculty of uttering words or articulate sounds and vocalizations to communicate.
przemówienie mowa wystąpienie
(countable) A formal session of speaking, especially a long oral message given publicly by one person.

speech act speech acts n
akt mowy
(linguistics) An act carried out by speech, such as promising, ordering, greeting, warning, inviting and congratulating.

speech community speech communities n
społeczność językowa społeczność komunikacyjna społeczność mowna wspólnota językowa wspólnota komunikacyjna wspólnota mowna
(linguistics) A group of people sharing a language, or a particular way of using that language

speech disorder speech disorders n
zaburzenia mowy
(pathology) Any mental or bodily malfunction that makes expressing oneself by speech difficult.

speech is silver, silence is golden proverb
mowa jest srebrem, a milczenie złotem
(idiom) Not saying anything is often better than speaking too much or saying something inappropriate.

speech recognition n
rozpoznawanie mowy
(computing) The function of a front-end software system which processes input in the form of spoken language into a sequence of phonemes or characters, or into electronic commands for a computing system.

speech therapist speech therapists n
logopeda
A clinician specializing in speech therapy, or logopedics.

speechless /ˈspiːt͡ʃ.lɪs/ adj
oniemiały milczący
Not speaking; not knowing what to say; silent, especially due to surprise, amazement, etc.

speed /spiːd/ speeds n
szybkość
The state of moving quickly or the capacity for rapid motion.
prędkość szybkość
(mathematics, physics) The rate of motion or action, specifically the magnitude of the velocity; the rate distance is traversed in a given time.
spid
(slang, uncountable) Amphetamine or any amphetamine-based drug (especially methamphetamine) used as a stimulant, especially illegally.

speed bump speed bumps n
próg zwalniający
A traffic calming measure, consisting of a transverse ridge in the road, to limit the speed of vehicles.

speed camera speed cameras n
fotoradar zdjęciomat
A roadside camera, triggered by a speeding vehicle, that takes a photograph of the offending vehicle and records its speed.

speed cushion speed cushions n
poduszka berlińska
A form of speed bump, often one of a series, that allows larger (especially emergency) vehicles to straddle them without slowing down

speed limit speed limits n
ograniczenie prędkości
The maximum speed permitted by law for vehicles.

speed of light speeds of light n
prędkość światła
(physics) The speed of electromagnetic radiation; in a perfect vacuum it is defined as 299,792,458 metres per second

speed of sound n
prędkość dźwięku
(physics) The speed at which sound is propagated through some medium under specified conditions.

speed skating n
łyżwiarstwo szybkie
The sport of racing around an oval course, on ice skates.

speed up v
przyspieszać przyspieszyć przyśpieszać przyśpieszyć
(idiomatic, intransitive) To accelerate; to increase speed.

speeding /ˈspiːdɪŋ/ adj
pędzący
Travelling very fast; moving at speed.

speeding /ˈspiːdɪŋ/ speedings n
przekroczenie prędkości
(uncountable) Driving faster than the legal speed limit.

speedometer /spiˈdɑ.mɪ.tɚ/ /spiːˈdɒm.ɪ.tə(ɹ)/ /spiːˈdɔm.ɪ.tə(ɹ)/ /spɪˈdɑ.mɪ.tɚ/ /spɪˈdɒm.ɪ.tə(ɹ)/ /spɪˈdɔm.ɪ.tə(ɹ)/ speedometers n
licznik prędkościomierz
An instrument located within the dashboard of a vehicle that measures and indicates the current speed of the vehicle.

speedway /ˈspiːdweɪ/ speedways n
żużel
(uncountable) A form of motorcycle racing on flat (without camber) oval dirt tracks using motorcycles with neither brakes nor gears.

speedwell /ˈspiːdˌwɛl/ speedwells n
przetacznik
A plant of the genus Veronica

speleologist speleologists n
speleolog
A person who studies or explores caves or studies the science of speleology.

speleology speleologies n
speleologia
The scientific study of caves.

spell /spɛl/ spells n
zaklęcie czar urok
A magical effect or influence induced by an incantation or formula. [from 16th c.]
krótki okres
(colloquial) An indefinite period of time (usually with a qualifier); by extension, a relatively short distance. [from 18th c.]

spell /spɛl/ v
literować przeliterować przeliterowywać
(intransitive, transitive, sometimes with “out”) To write or say the letters that form a word or part of a word. [from 16th c.]

spell checker spell checkers n
sprawdzanie pisowni
(computing) A software application that attempts to verify spelling in a document.

spellbound more spellbound most spellbound adj
oczarowany zafascynowany
Fascinated by something; entranced as if by a spell.

spelling /ˈspɛlɪŋ/ spellings n
ortografia
(uncountable) The act, practice, ability, or subject of forming words with letters, or of reading the letters of words; orthography.
pisownia
(uncountable) The manner of spelling of words; correct spelling.
(countable) A specific spelling of a word.

spelt /ˈspɛlt/ spelts n
orkisz szpelc
A grain, considered either a subspecies of wheat, Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta, or a separate species Triticum spelta or Triticum dicoccon.

spelunker spelunkers n
speleolog grotołaz
(North America) One who explores caves; one who spelunks.

spend /spɛnd/ v
wydawać wydać
(ambitransitive) To pay out (money).
spędzać spędzić
To consume, to use up (time).

spending power n
siła nabywcza
(economics) The income available to households for spending.

spendthrift /ˈspɛn(d)ˌθɹɪft/ /ˈspɛn(d)θɹɪft/ spendthrifts n
rozrzutnik
Someone who spends money improvidently or wastefully.

sperm /spɜɹm/ /spɜːm/ sperm sperms n
plemnik
(countable) The reproductive cell or gamete of the male; a spermatozoon.
sperma nasienie
(uncountable, slang) Semen; the generative substance of male animals.

sperm bank sperm banks n
bank spermy
(medicine) A place where sperm from donors is stored for future use in artificial insemination.

sperm whale sperm whales n
kaszalot potwal
A whale (Physeter catodon, syn. Physeter macrocephalus), the largest of the toothed whales.

spermaceti /spɚməˈsiːti/ /spɚməˈsɛti/ /spɚməˈsɪti/ /ˌspɜːməˈsiːti/ n
olbrot spermacet
A wax obtained from the head of sperm whales and used to make cosmetics etc.

spermatozoon /ˌspɜːmətə(ʊ)ˈzəʊɒn/ spermatozoa n
plemnik spermatozoid
(cytology) A reproductive cell or gamete of a male, carried in semen, that fertilizes an ovum to produce a zygote.

spermicidal adj
plemnikobójczo
Having the ability to kill sperm.

spessartine spessartines n
spessartyn
(mineral) A type of garnet, a neosilicate of manganese and aluminium with the chemical formula Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3.

spew /spjuː/ v
rzygać wymiotować zwymiotować
(intransitive, informal) To vomit.

sphalerite /ˈsfeɪ.lə.ˌɹaɪt/ /ˈsfæl.ə.ˌɹaɪt/ sphalerites n
sfaleryt blenda cynkowa
(mineral) A yellow, brown or black, sometimes red, green white or colorless mineral with cubic crystals, of a chemical formula (Zn,Fe)S, often containing also minor metals, such as cadmium, gallium, germanium and indium.

sphenoid bone sphenoid bones n
kość klinowa
A compound bone at the base of the skull behind the eyes.

sphere /sfɪə(ɹ)/ /sfɪɚ/ spheres n
sfera
An object which appears to be bounded by a sphere; a round object, a ball. [from 14th c.]
(logic, dated) The domain of reference of a proposition, subject, or predicate, or the totality of the particular subjects to which it applies.
sfera obszar
(figuratively) The region in which something or someone is active; one's province, domain. [from 17th c.]

sphere of influence spheres of influence n
strefa wpływów
(figurative, by extension) A concept division over which a person, organization, etc. exerts control.

sphere packing sphere packings n
upakowanie sfer wypełnianie sfery
(mathematics) The arranging of non-overlapping spheres in space

spherical /sfiːɹɪkəl/ /sfɛɹɪkəl/ more spherical most spherical adj
kulisty sferyczny
(geometry) Shaped like a sphere.
sferyczny
(astrology) Of or relating to the heavenly orbs, or to the sphere or spheres in which, according to ancient astronomy and astrology, they were set.

spherical angle spherical angles n
kąt sferyczny
(geometry) A particular dihedral angle, the angle between two intersecting arcs on a sphere, measured by the angle between the planes containing the arcs.

spherically adv
sferycznie
In the manner of a sphere or globe.

sphericity sphericities n
sferyczność
(chiefly, uncountable) The quality of being spherical, being a sphere.

spherosome spherosomes n
sferosom
(biology) A small plant organelle that stores fat

sphincter /ˈsfɪŋk.tɚ/ sphincters n
zwieracz

sphinx /ˈsfɪŋks/ sphinges sphinxes n
sfinks
(mythology) A creature with the head of a person and the body of an animal (commonly a lion).
A person who keeps his/her thoughts and intentions secret; an enigmatic or impassive person.

spice /spaɪs/ spices n
przyprawa
(countable, uncountable) Aromatic or pungent plant matter (usually dried) used to season or flavour food.
(uncountable) The quality of being spicy.

spice /spaɪs/ v
przyprawiać przyprawić
(transitive) To add spice or spices to; season.

spice up v
doprawiać doprawić zaostrzać zaostrzyć
To enhance the flavor of something by adding spice to it.
podkręcać podkręcić uatrakcyjniać uatrakcyjnić
(transitive, informal) To make more exotic, fun or extravagant.

spicy /ˈspaɪsi/ spicier spiciest adj
pikantny
Of, pertaining to, or containing spice.
(internet slang) Risqué, sexy, racy; mildly pornographic.
ostry pikantny
(of flavors or odors) Tangy, zesty, or pungent.

spider /ˈspaɪ̯də/ /ˈspaɪ̯dɚ/ [ˈspʌɪ̯ɾə(ɹ)] spiders n
pająk
Any of various eight-legged, predatory arthropods, of the order Araneae, most of which spin webs to catch prey.

spider monkey spider monkeys n
czepiak
A muriqui, New World monkey of the genus Brachyteles, closely related to Ateles.

spiderweb /ˈspaɪ̯dəwɛb/ spiderwebs n
pajęczyna
The net-like construct of a spider containing sticky strands to catch prey.

spiderwort spiderworts n
tradeskancja trzykrotka
A perennial plant of the Tradescantia genus, found in clumps in woodland and meadow.

spiel /spiːl/ /ʃpiːl/ spiels n
gadka
A lengthy and extravagant speech or argument usually intended to persuade.

spike /spaɪk/ spikes n
kolec
A sort of very large nail.
(by extension) Anything resembling such a nail in shape.
kłos
An ear of corn or grain.
korki
(informal, mostly, in the plural) A running shoe with spikes in the sole to provide grip.

spike /spaɪk/ v
dosypać dosypywać
(American football, _, slang) To slam the football to the ground, usually in celebration of scoring a touchdown, or to stop expiring time on the game clock after snapping the ball as to save time for the losing team to attempt to score the tying or winning points.

spike strip spike strips n
kolczatka

spikelet spikelets n
kłosek
(botany) A small, or secondary spike, especially one of many in the inflorescence of a grass or sedge.

spikes n
szpilki
A pair of athletic shoes equipped with spikes on the sole and heel for better traction.

spill /spɪl/ v
wylać rozlać się
(transitive) To drop something so that it spreads out or makes a mess; to accidentally pour.

spill the beans /spɪl ðə biːnz/ v
puścić farbę
(intransitive, idiomatic) To reveal a secret; to disclose.

spill the tea v
uchylać rąbka tajemnicy uchylić rąbka tajemnicy

spillage /ˈspɪl.əd͡ʒ/ /ˈspɪl.ɪd͡ʒ/ spillages n
wyciek
The process or action of spilling.
That which has been spilled.

spillikins n
bierki
A game in which players attempt to remove flat, carved sticks of ivory or wood (the individual spillikins of meaning 1) from a scattered pile without disturbing any stick other than the one currently being removed.

spilt milk n
rozlane mleko
something that can't be undone

spin /spɪn/ spins n
obrót
Rapid circular motion.
spin
(physics) A quantum angular momentum associated with subatomic particles, which also creates a magnetic moment.
korkociąg
(aviation) A condition of flight where a stalled aircraft is simultaneously pitching, yawing, and rolling in a spinning motion.

spin /spɪn/ v
obracać się wirować
(ergative) To rotate, revolve, gyrate (usually quickly); to partially or completely rotate to face another direction.
prząść
(transitive) To make yarn by twisting and winding fibers together.

spin a yarn v
bajać opowiadać głodne kawałki sprzedać historię
(idiomatic) To tell or create a story, especially one which is lengthy or far-fetched.

spin doctor spin doctors n
spin doctor spin doktor
(business, politics) A person employed to gloss over a poor public image (or present it in a better light) in business and politics, especially after unfavourable results have been achieved. A lobbyist; PR person.

spin the bottle n
gra w butelkę
(games) A party game in which the players sit in a circle and spin a bottle in the middle, having to kiss (or perform some other dare with) the person at whom the bottle points when it stops.

spinach /ˈspɪnɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈspɪnɪt͡ʃ/ spinaches n
szpinak
A particular edible plant, Spinacia oleracea, or its leaves.

spinal cord spinal cords n
rdzeń kręgowy
(anatomy) A thick, whitish cord of nerve tissue which is a major part of the vertebrate central nervous system. It extends from the brain stem down through the spine, with nerves branching off to various parts of the body.

spindle /ˈspɪndəl/ spindles n
wrzeciono
(spinning) A rod used for spinning and then winding fibres (especially wool), usually consisting of a shaft and a circular whorl positioned at either the upper or lower end of the shaft when suspended vertically from the forming thread.
trzmielina
Certain of the species of the genus Euonymus, originally used for making the spindles used for spinning wool.

spine /spaɪn/ spines n
kręgosłup
Something resembling a backbone, such as a ridge, or a long, central structure from which other structures radiate.
grzbiet
The narrow, bound edge of a book that encloses the inner edges of the pages, facing outwards when the book is on a shelf and typically bearing the title and the author's and publisher's name.
kolec
(zootomy, botany) A pointed, fairly rigid protuberance or needlelike structure on an animal, shell, or plant.

spine board spine boards n
deska ortopedyczna
(emergency medicine) A rigid carrying surface for an injured person, designed to prevent the movement of the spine during transportation in order to prevent further damage to it.

spineless more spineless most spineless adj
bezkręgowy
Having no spines, prickles, or thorns.
Having no spinal column.
tchórzliwy
Cowardly, uncourageous; lacking character.

spinet /spɪˈnɛt/ /ˈspɪn.ɪt/ spinets n
szpinet
(musical instruments) A short, compact harpsichord or piano.

spinnaker /ˈspɪnəkə/ /ˈspɪnəkɚ/ spinnakers n
motyl spinaker
(nautical) A sail supplemental to the mainsail, especially a triangular one, used on yachts for running before the wind.

spinneret spinnerets n
gruczoł przędny
The organ a spider uses to spin its web.

spinning /ˈspɪnɪŋ/ spinnings n
przędzenie
The process of converting fibres into yarn or thread.

spinning top spinning tops n
bąk cyga fryga bączek
A toy with a tapering point that can be made to spin on its axis, either with a built-in pump-action handle, with the fingers or with a string.

spinning wheel spinning wheels n
kołowrotek
A domestic device for making yarn or thread; having a single spindle and a wheel driven by hand or foot.

spinosaurus spinosauri n
spinozaur

spinster /ˈspɪnstə/ /ˈspɪnstɚ/ spinsters n
stara panna
(sometimes, derogatory) A woman who has never been married, especially one past the typical marrying age according to social traditions.

spiny dogfish spiny dogfish n
koleń pospolity
Squalus acanthias, one of the best known of the dogfish which are members of the family Squalidae in the order Squaliformes

spiny lobster spiny lobsters n
langusta
a crustacean superficially resembling a true lobster, belonging to the family Palinuridae.

spiny-tailed lizard spiny-tailed lizards n
biczogon
Any lizard of the genus Uromastyx.

spiracle /ˈspɪɹəkəl/ spiracles n
przetchlinka tryskawka
A pore or opening used (especially by arthropods and some fish) for respiration.

spiral /ˈspaɪɹəl/ adj
spiralny
Helical, like a spiral.

spiral /ˈspaɪɹəl/ spirals n
spirala
(geometry) A curve that is the locus of a point that rotates about a fixed point while continuously increasing its distance from that point.
A self-sustaining process with a lot of momentum involved, so it is difficult to accelerate or stop it at once.
helisa spirala ślimacznica
(informal) A helix.

spiral staircase spiral staircases n
schody kręcone schody kręte
A staircase in the form of a helix.

spire /spaɪə/ /ˈspaɪ.ə/ /ˈspaɪ.ɚ/ spires n
iglica
(architectural element) A tapering structure built on a roof or tower, especially as one of the central architectural features of a church or cathedral roof. [from 16th c.]

spirit /ˈspiɹɪt/ /ˈspɪɹɪt/ spirits n
duch dusza
The soul of a person or other creature.
duch
A supernatural being, often but not exclusively without physical form; ghost, fairy, angel.
Enthusiasm.
The manner or style of something.
spirytus alkohol
(usually, in the plural) A volatile liquid, such as alcohol. The plural form spirits is a generic term for distilled alcoholic beverages.

spirit level spirit levels n
poziomica libella
(tool) A tool employing a chamber with a colored liquid (usually alcohol, hence spirit) and an air bubble, used to determine a horizontal or vertical reference line.

spirit of salt n
kwas solny

spirit of the law n
duch prawa
The interpretation of the law towards the end of providing justice, even if this interpretation does not fall within the law as written.

spiritual /ˈspɪɹɪtjʊəl/ /ˈspɪɹɪtʃʊəl/ /ˈspɪɹɪt͡ʃuəl/ /ˈspɪɹɪ̈t͡ʃul̩/ more spiritual most spiritual adj
duchowy
Of or pertaining to the spirit or the soul.

spirituality /ˌspɪɹ.ə.t͡ʃuˈæl.ə.tɪ/ /ˌspɪɹ.ɪ.t͡ʃʉˈæl.ə.tɪ/ [ˌspɪɹ.ə.t͡ʃuˈæl.ə.ɾɪ] [ˌspɪɹ.ɪ.t͡ʃʉˈæl.ə.ɾɪ] spiritualities n
duchowość
Concern for that which is unseen and intangible, as opposed to physical or mundane.

spit /spɪt/ spits n
rożen
A thin metal or wooden rod on which meat is skewered for cooking, often over a fire.
ślina
(uncountable) Saliva, especially when expectorated.
mierzeja
A generally low, narrow, pointed, usually sandy peninsula.
splunięcie
(countable) An instance of spitting; specifically, a light fall of rain or snow.

spit /spɪt/ v
pluć plunąć splunąć
(ambitransitive) To evacuate (saliva or another substance) from the mouth, etc.

spit it out v
wypluwać wypluć
(informal, often, imperative) To overcome reluctance to say something particular or to speak in general.

spit nails v
wściec się wściekać się

spite /spaɪt/ spites n
niechęć przekora przekorność uraza złość
Ill will or hatred toward another, accompanied with the desire to unjustifiably irritate, annoy, or thwart; a want to disturb or put out another; mild malice

spiteful more spiteful most spiteful spitefuller spitefullest adj
robiący na złość wredny złośliwy
Filled with, or showing, spite; having a desire to annoy or harm.

spitting cobra spitting cobras n
kobra plująca
Any of various cobras of the genus Naja that can spit venom.

spitting image /ˈspɪtɪŋ ˈɪmɪdʒ/ spitting images n
podobny jak dwie krople wody sobowtór wykapany
(colloquial) The exact likeness (of someone).

spittoon /spɪˈtuːn/ spittoons n
spluwaczka
A receptacle for spit.

spitz /spɪts/ spitzes n
szpic
Any of several Nordic breeds of dog such as the Pomeranian or Samoyed

splanchnic /ˈsplæŋk.nɪk/ adj
trzewiowy trzewny
(medicine) Of, in, near or pertaining to the viscera or intestines.

splash /splæʃ/ splashes n
plusk
(onomatopoeia) The sound made by an object hitting a liquid.

splash /splæʃ/ v
pluskać
To hit or agitate liquid so that part of it separates from the principal liquid mass.

splashdown splashdowns n
wodowanie
The act of landing in water, as by a space capsule or rollercoaster.

splatter /ˈsplætɚ/ splatters n
bryzg trysk
An uneven shape or mess created by something dispersing on impact.

spleen /spliːn/ spleens n
śledziona splin
(anatomy, immunology) In vertebrates, including humans, a ductless vascular gland, located in the left upper abdomen near the stomach, which destroys old red blood cells, removes debris from the bloodstream, acts as a reservoir of blood, and produces lymphocytes.
(archaic, except in the set phrase "to vent one's spleen") A bad mood; spitefulness.
śledziona
(obsolete, rare) A sudden motion or action; a fit; a freak; a whim.
(obsolete) Melancholy; hypochondriacal affections.
A fit of immoderate laughter or merriment.

spleenwort spleenworts n
zanokcica
Any of a number of types of ferns in the genus Asplenium.

splendid /ˈsplɛndɪd/ more splendid most splendid splendider splendidest adj
arcydobry
Possessing or displaying splendor; shining; very bright.

splendor /ˈsplɛndə/ /ˈsplɛndɚ/ splendors n
splendor wspaniałość
Magnificent appearance, display or grandeur.

splenectomy splenectomies n
splenektomia
(surgery) The surgical removal of the spleen.

splenomegaly splenomegalies n
splenomegalia
(pathology) An enlargement of the spleen.

splint /splɪnt/ splints n
szyna
(medicine) A device to immobilize a body part.

splinter /ˈsplɪn.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈsplɪn.tɚ/ /ˈsplɪnɚ/ [ˈsplɪɾ̃ɚ] splinters n
drzazga odłamek
A long, sharp fragment of material, often wood.
odłam
A group that formed by splitting off from a larger membership.

split /splɪt/ splits n
szczelina
A crack or longitudinal fissure.
rozłam
A breach or separation, as in a political party; a division.
szpagat odprysk odłamek rąbek
A piece that is split off, or made thin, by splitting; a splinter; a fragment.
szpagat
A split shot or split stroke.

split /splɪt/ v
rozszczepiać dzielić
(transitive, ergative, of something solid) To divide fully or partly along a more or less straight line.
(intransitive, of something solid, particularly wood) To break along the grain fully or partly along a more or less straight line.
dzielić rozdzielać
(transitive) To share; to divide.
(intransitive) To burst out laughing.
rozejść się
(intransitive, of a couple) To separate.

split hairs v
dzielić włos na czworo
(idiomatic) To consider or argue about fine details; to worry about minutiae.

split one's sides v
boki zrywać
(intransitive, idiomatic) To laugh hysterically.

split pin split pins n
szplint
A metal fastener with two tines, the ends of which project through an object being fastened and are bent back to hold it in place.

splits n
szpagat
(dance, cheerleading, gymnastics) A maneuver in which the legs are extended straight out and perpendicular to the body, either to the sides or in front and behind.

splurge /splɜːd͡ʒ/ /splɝd͡ʒ/ v
przepuszczać
(ambitransitive) To spend lavishly or extravagantly, especially money. [from 1911]

spoil /spɔɪl/ v
psuć zepsuć
(transitive) To ruin; to damage (something) in some way making it unfit for use. [from 16th c.]
(transitive) To ruin the character of, by overindulgence; to coddle or pamper to excess. [from 17th c.]

spoiled /spɔɪld/ more spoiled most spoiled adj
zepsuty
(of food) That has deteriorated to the point of no longer being usable or edible.

spoiler /ˈspɔɪ.lə/ /ˈspɔɪ.lɚ/ spoilers n
spoiler
A document, review or comment that discloses the ending or some key surprise or twist in a story, or the internal rules controlling the behaviour of a video game, etc. [from 1970s]
przerywacz spojler
(aeronautics) A device to reduce lift and increase drag.

spoils of war n
łupy wojenne
Any profits extracted as the result of winning a war or other military activity.

spoilsport /ˈspɔɪl.spɔɹt/ /ˈspɔɪl.spɔːt/ more spoilsport most spoilsport adj
złośliwiec
Like a spoilsport.

spoke /spəʊk/ spokes n
szprycha
A stick inserted into the wheel of a vehicle to keep the wheel from turning.

spoken /ˈspoʊkən/ more spoken most spoken adj
mówiony ustny
Relating to speech

spokeshave spokeshaves n
ośnik
A hand tool, mainly for woodworking, used to shape and smooth rods and shafts; often used in carving wheel spokes, chair legs, or arrows.

spokesman spokesmen n
rzecznik
One who speaks as the voice of another person or a group of people.

spokesperson /ˈspəʊkspɜːɹsən/ spokespeople spokespersons n
rzecznik rzeczniczka
A person who acts as the voice of another person or a group of people.

spokeswoman spokeswomen n
rzeczniczka
A woman who speaks as the voice of a group of people.

spolia opima n
spolia opima

spondee /ˈspɒndi/ spondees n
spondej
(poetry) A word or metrical foot of two syllables, either both long or both stressed.

spondylolisthesis spondylolistheses n
kręgozmyk
(medicine) A forward displacement of a vertebra over a lower vertebra, due to a congenital defect or injury.

sponge /spʌnd͡ʒ/ sponges n
gąbka
(countable) Any of various marine invertebrates of the phylum Porifera, that have a porous skeleton often of silica.
(countable) A piece of porous material used for washing (originally made from the invertebrates, now often made of plastic).

sponge cake sponge cakes n
biszkopt ciasto biszkoptowe biskwit
A light, soft, baked dessert (commonly layered with cream and jam) that is typically made with flour, sugar, baking powder and eggs, and has a firm, yet well aerated structure, similar to that of a sea sponge.

sponginess n
gąbczastość
The property of being spongy.

spongy /ˈspʌnd͡ʒi/ spongier spongiest adj
gąbczasty
Having the characteristics of a sponge, namely being absorbent, squishy or porous.

sponsor /ˈspɑn.sɚ/ /ˈspɒn.sə/ sponsoress sponsors n
sponsor sponsorka
A person or organisation with some sort of responsibility for another person or organisation, especially where the responsibility has a religious, legal, or financial aspect.
sponsor mecenas mecenaska sponsorka
One that pays all or part of the cost of an event, a publication, or a media program, usually in exchange for advertising time.

sponsor /ˈspɑn.sɚ/ /ˈspɒn.sə/ v
sponsorować zasponsorować
(transitive) To be a sponsor for.

sponsorship sponsorships n
sponsoring
(uncountable) The state or practice of being a sponsor.

spontaneity /ˈspɒn.tə.neɪ.ə.ti/ spontaneities n
spontaniczność
(uncountable) The quality of being spontaneous.

spontaneous /spɑnˈteɪ.ni.əs/ /spɒnˈteɪ.ni.əs/ more spontaneous most spontaneous adj
spontaniczny samorzutny
Self-generated; happening without any apparent external cause.
spontaniczny
Done by one's own free choice, or without planning.

spontaneous combustion spontaneous combustions n
samozapłon
Combustion without an external source of heat.

spontaneous generation spontaneous generations n
abiogeneza archigonia samorództwo

spontaneously /spɑnˈteɪ.ni.əs.li/ /spɒnˈteɪ.ni.əs.li/ more spontaneously most spontaneously adv
spontanicznie
In a spontaneous manner; naturally; voluntarily.

spontoon spontoons n
szponton
A pointed weapon similar to a pike.

spool /spuːl/ spools n
szpula szpulka
A reel; a device around which thread, wire or cable is wound, especially a cylinder or spindle.

spoon /spun/ /spuːn/ spoons n
łyżka łyżeczka
An implement for eating or serving; a scooped utensil whose long handle is straight, in contrast to a ladle.
wahadłówka
(fishing) A type of metal lure resembling the concave head of a tablespoon.

spoon /spun/ /spuːn/ v
łyżeczkować
(intransitive, dated) To flirt; to make advances; to court, to interact romantically or amorously.

spoonerism /ˈspuːnəɹɪzəm/ spoonerisms n
spuneryzm gra półsłówek
A play on words on a phrase in which the initial (usually consonantal) sounds of two or more of the main words are transposed.

spoonload spoonloads n
gryz kęs

spoor /spɔɹ/ /spʊə/ /spʊɹ/ spoors n
trop
The track, trail, droppings or scent of an animal.

sporadic /spəˈɹæd.ɪk/ more sporadic most sporadic adj
sporadyczny sporadycznie
Rare and scattered in occurrence.

sporadically adv
sporadycznie
At an occasional, infrequent, or irregular frequency

sporadicity n
sporadyczność
The quality of being sporadic.

spore /spo(ː)ɹ/ /spoə/ /spɔɹ/ /spɔː/ spores n
zarodnik spora przetrwalnik
A thick resistant particle produced by a bacterium or protist to survive in harsh or unfavorable conditions.

spork /spoəɹk/ /spɔɹk/ /spɔːk/ sporks n
łyżkowidelec
An eating utensil shaped like a spoon, the bowl of which is divided into tines like those of a fork, and so has the function of both implements; some sporks have a serrated edge so they can also function as a knife.

sporocarp sporocarps n
sporokarp
(mycology) The structure on a fungus and some algae which houses the spore-producing organs.

sport /spo(ː)ɹt/ /spoət/ /spɔɹt/ /spɔː/ /spɔːt/ sports n
sport
(countable) Any activity that uses physical exertion or skills competitively under a set of rules that is not based on aesthetics.

sport utility vehicle sport utility vehicles n
SUV
A passenger vehicle which combines the towing capacity of a pickup truck with the passenger-carrying space of a minivan or station wagon together with on- or off-road ability.

sporting /ˈspo(ː)ɹtɪŋ/ /ˈspoətɪŋ/ /ˈspɔɹtɪŋ/ /ˈspɔːtɪŋ/ more sporting most sporting adj
sportowy
(not comparable) Pertaining to sports

sports car sports cars n
samochód sportowy
An automobile designed for high speed and power, tight handling, and flashy looks.

sports club sports clubs n
klub sportowy

sports drink sports drinks n
izotonik
(sports) A drink whose purpose is to replenish the body's water and energy levels when doing exercise.

sports field sports fields n
boisko
A flat area of land where sports events are staged.

sportsman sportsmen n
sportowiec sportsmen
(UK) A man who engages in sports; an athlete.

sportsmanlike /ʌnˈspɔɹts.mən.laɪk/ /ʌnˈspɔːts.mən.laɪk/ more sportsmanlike most sportsmanlike adj
sportowy uczciwy
Demonstrating good sportsmanship, behaving in an honorable and appropriate manner.

sportsperson /spoɹtspɝsən/ /spɔətspɜːsən/ /spɔɹtspɝsən/ /spɔːspɜːsən/ /spɔːtspɜːsən/ sportspeople sportspersons n
sportowiec sportsmenka
Someone who plays sport, regardless of gender.

sportswoman sportswomen n
sportsmenka
(UK) A woman who engages in sports; a female athlete.

sporty /ˈspo(ː)ɹti/ /ˈspoəti/ /ˈspɔɹti/ /ˈspɔːti/ sportier sportiest adj
sportowy
Fond of sports.
okazały
Suitable for use in sport.
stylish with a fun, bold, vibrant quality or appearance.

spot /spɑt/ /spɒt/ spots n
cętka
A round or irregular patch on the surface of a thing having a different color, texture etc. and generally round in shape.
plama
A stain or disfiguring mark.

spot card spot cards n
blotka
(card games, US) A playing card which is not a picture card; a card of low value.

spot on more spot on most spot on adj
trafny w punkt w sedno
(informal) Exact; correct; accurate; absolutely right.

spot-backed antshrike spot-backed antshrikes n
perlinek
a passerine bird of the antbird family, Hypoedaleus guttatus.

spot-winged antshrike spot-winged antshrikes n
chronka wielkodzioba
a passerine bird of the antbird family (Pygiptila stellaris, syn Thamnophilus stellaris).

spotlight spotlights n
jupiter reflektor
A bright, directional light or lamp, especially one used to illuminate the focus or center of attention on a stage.
centrum uwagi
(figurative) The center of attention; the highlight or most important part.

spotted /ˈspɑtɪ̈d/ /ˈspɒtɨd/ [ˈspɑɾɪ̈d] more spotted most spotted adj
cętkowany pstry
(no comparative or superlative) Characterized by spots (used especially of animals and plants).

spotted dragonet spotted dragonets n
lira kalion
A fish of the species Callionymus maculatus.

spotted flycatcher spotted flycatchers n
muchołówka szara
A small passerine bird found in Europe, Asia, and Africa, Muscicapa striata.

spotted nutcracker spotted nutcrackers n
orzechówka
Nucifraga caryocatactes, a passerine bird slightly larger than the Eurasian jay.

spotted redshank spotted redshanks n
brodziec śniady
Tringa erythropus, a species of wader.

spotted sandpiper spotted sandpipers n
brodziec plamisty
Actitis macularius, a small wading bird.

spotted whistling duck spotted whistling ducks n
drzewica plamista
A species of whistling duck, Dendrocygna guttata (family Anatidae), of the Philippines, Indonesia, New Guinea, and northern Australia.

spotter /ˈspɑ.tɚ/ /ˈspɒt.ə/ spotters n
asekurant asekurantka asekurator asekuratorka
(weightlifting, gymnastics, climbing) One who supervises a person performing an activity, in order to help them should they be unable to complete it.

spotting scope spotting scopes n
luneta
A compact high-power monocular telescope optimized for detailed observation of distant objects such as wildlife or the strike of a bullet on a target.

spousal /ˈspaʊsəl/ /ˈspaʊzəl/ more spousal most spousal adj
małżeński
of or relating to marriage
of or relating to a spouse, spouses; to the relationship between spouses

spouse /spaʊ̯s/ /spaʊ̯z/ spouses n
małżonka małżonek mąż żona
A person in a marriage or marital relationship.

spout /spaʊt/ /spʌʊt/ spouts n
dzióbek wylew
A tube or lip through which liquid or steam is poured or discharged.

spout /spaʊt/ /spʌʊt/ v
lać się
(intransitive) To gush forth in a jet or stream
rozwodzić się
(intransitive) To speak tediously or pompously.

sprachbund /ˈspɹɑkbʊnd/ /ˈspɹɑx-/ /ˈspɹɑːkbʊnd/ /ˈspɹɑːx-/ sprachbunds sprachbünde n
liga językowa
(linguistics) A group of languages sharing a number of areal features (similar grammar, vocabulary, etc.) which are primarily due to language contact rather than cognation.

sprain /spɹeɪn/ sprains n
skręcenie zwichnięcie
The act or result of spraining; lameness caused by spraining

sprain /spɹeɪn/ v
skręcić zwichnąć zwichnięcie
To weaken, as a joint, ligament, or muscle, by sudden and excessive exertion, as by wrenching; to overstrain, or stretch injuriously, but without luxation

sprat /spɹæt/ sprat sprats n
szprot szprotka
Any of various small, herring-like, marine fish in the genus Sprattus, in the family Clupeidae.

sprawl /spɹɑl/ /spɹɔl/ /spɹɔːl/ v
rozjebać się rozsiąść się rozwalić się
To sit with the limbs spread out.

spray /spɹeɪ/ sprays n
mgiełka
A fine, gentle, dispersed mist of liquid.
spraj spray sprej
(countable) A pressurized container; an atomizer.
spray
(countable) Any of numerous commercial products, including paints, cosmetics, and insecticides, that are dispensed from containers in this manner.
kiść
(metalworking, countable) A side channel or branch of the runner of a flask, made to distribute the metal to all parts of the mold.

spray /spɹeɪ/ v
rozpylać opryskać opryskiwać rozpylić
(transitive) To project a liquid in a dispersive manner toward something.

sprayer /ˈspɹeɪɚ/ sprayers n
atomizator atomizer opryskiwacz rozpylacz
An object used for spraying, such as a spray bottle.
A device, machine or vehicle used for spraying, where sprayers are commonly used for projection of water, weed killers, crop performance materials, pest maintenance chemicals, as well as manufacturing and production line ingredients.

spread /spɹɛd/ spreads n
smarowidło
(bread, etc.) Any form of food designed to be spread, such as butters or jams.
spread
(trading) The difference between bidding and asking price.

spread /spɹɛd/ v
podzielić rozłożyć
(transitive) To extend (individual rays, limbs etc.); to stretch out in varying or opposing directions. [from 13th c.]
rozprzestrzeniać rozprzestrzeniać się
(transitive) To disseminate; to cause to proliferate, to make (something) widely known or present. [from 14th c.]
rozprzestrzeniać się
(intransitive) To take up a larger area or space; to expand, be extended. [from 14th c.]
smarować rozsmarować rozsmarowywać
(transitive) To smear, to distribute in a thin layer. [from 16th c.]

spread like wildfire v
rozchodzić się lotem błyskawicy rozejść się lotem błyskawicy
(intransitive, simile) To spread or disseminate rapidly or uncontrollably.

spread oneself thin v
rozmieniać się na drobne rozmienić się na drobne
To commit oneself to too many projects, so that there is little chance of completing them all satisfactorily.

spreader /ˈspɹɛdɚ/ spreaders n
reja
(nautical) A horizontal athwartships spar attached to the mast of a sailboat in order to extend the shrouds away from the mast.

spreadsheet /ˈspɹɛd.ʃit/ /ˈspɹɛd.ʃiːt/ spreadsheets n
arkusz kalkulacyjny
(computing) A computer application for organization, analysis, and storage of data in tabular form.

sprig /spɹɪɡ/ sprigs n
gałązka
A small shoot or twig of a tree or other plant; a spray.
latorośl
(humorous, sometimes, mildly, derogatory) A youth; a lad.

spring /spɹɪŋ/ springs n
wiosna
(countable) The season of the year in temperate regions in which plants spring from the ground and into bloom and dormant animals spring to life.
źródło zdrój krynica
(astronomy) The period from the moment of vernal equinox (around March 21 in the Northern Hemisphere) to the moment of the summer solstice (around June 21); the equivalent periods reckoned in other cultures and calendars.
sprężyna
A mechanical device made of flexible or coiled material that exerts force and attempts to spring back when bent, compressed, or stretched.

spring balance spring balances n
waga sprężynowa
A device for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring.

spring cleaning spring cleanings n
wiosenne porządki
A systematic cleaning of a residence at the end of winter

spring into action v
wkraczać do akcji wkroczyć do akcji
To begin doing something or become active suddenly and very quickly.

spring onion spring onions n
czosnek dęty
A species of onion (Allium fistulosum) from Asia, with slender bulbs.

spring peeper spring peepers n
rzekotka

spring roll spring rolls n
sajgonka
A type of savoury food consisting of shredded vegetables wrapped in a pancake made from rice flour and then fried.

springboard springboards n
trampolina
A diving board consisting of a flexible, springy, cantilevered platform, used for diving into water.
(gymnastics) A small platform on springs and usually hinged at one end, used to launch or vault onto other equipment.

springtail springtails n
skoczogonek
Any of various wingless hexapods, of the subclass Collembola, with spring-like legs. [from 18th c.]

springwater springwaters n
woda źródlana
Water originating from a spring.
Water that is purportedly, and marketed as, originating from a spring, but is mostly or entirely filtered or tap water.

springy /ˈspɹɪŋi/ springier springiest adj
elastyczny
That returns rapidly to its original form (as a spring does) after being bent, compressed, stretched, etc.

sprinkle /ˈspɹɪŋkəl/ sprinkles n
posypka
A light covering with a sprinkled substance.
mżawka
A light rain shower.

sprinkle /ˈspɹɪŋkəl/ v
prysnąć sypnąć
(transitive) To cause (a substance) to fall in fine drops (for a liquid substance) or small pieces (for a solid substance).
posypać sprysnąć
(transitive) To cover (an object) by sprinkling a substance on to it.
mżyć
(intransitive) To rain very lightly outside.

sprinkler /ˈspɹiŋklɚ/ sprinklers n
tryskacz
Anything that sprinkles.
A heat-activated device that sprays water in the event of a fire, usually mounted on a ceiling.
zraszacz
An irrigation device that sprays water into the air whilst moving back and forth.

sprinkles /ˈspɹɪŋkl̩z/ n
posypka cukrowa
Small candy or sugar pieces that are sprinkled over other confections.

sprint /spɹɪnt/ sprints n
sprint
A short race at top speed.
A burst of speed or activity.

sprint /spɹɪnt/ v
biec sprintem
(ambitransitive) To run, cycle, etc. at top speed for a short period.

sprinter /ˈspɹɪn.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈspɹɪn.tɚ/ sprinters n
sprinter sprinterka
One who sprints.

sprit /spɹɪt/ sprits n
rozprza
(nautical) A spar between mast and upper outer corner of a spritsail on sailing boats.

spritzer spritzers n
szprycer
A chilled long drink, made from white wine and soda water, or fruit juice and soda water.

sprocket /spɹɒkɪt/ sprockets n
zębatka
(mechanical engineering) A toothed wheel that enmeshes with a chain or other perforated band.
(usually, in the plural) The tooth of such a wheel.

sprout /spɹaʊt/ /spɹʌʊt/ sprouts n
berbeć
A child.

spruce /spɹuːs/ sprucer sprucest adj
elegancki
(comparable) Smart, trim, and elegant in appearance; fastidious (said of a person).

spruce /spɹuːs/ spruce spruces n
świerk
Any of various large coniferous evergreen trees or shrubs from the genus Picea, found in northern temperate and boreal regions; originally and more fully spruce fir.

spruce grouse spruce grouses n
borowiak kanadyjski jarząbek kanadyjski
A medium-sized grouse closely associated with the coniferous boreal forests or taiga of North America (Dendrapagus canadensis, syn. Falcipennis canadensis).

spruceless adj
bezświerkowy

spud /spʌd/ spuds n
kartofel pyra
(informal) A potato. [from 1845]
rydel rydelek
A tool, similar to a spade, used for digging out weeds etc. [from 1660s]

spur /spɜː/ /spɝ/ spurs n
ostroga
A rigid implement, often roughly y-shaped, that is fixed to one's heel for the purpose of prodding a horse. Often worn by, and emblematic of, the cowboy or the knight.
sprone
(geology) A mountain that shoots from another mountain or range and extends some distance in a lateral direction, or at right angles.

spur cell spur cells n
akantocyt
(hematology) A pathological, irregularly spiked red blood cell without central pallor.

spurge /spɜːd͡ʒ/ /spɝd͡ʒ/ spurges n
wilczomlecz
Any plant of the genus Euphorbia, a diverse genus of over 2,000 species.

spurious /ˈspjɔ.ɹi.əs/ /ˈspjʊ.ɹi.əs/ /ˈspjʊə.ɹi.əs/ /ˈspʊ.ɹi.əs/ more spurious most spurious adj
fałszywy nieautentyczny nieprawdziwy podrobiony
False, not authentic, not genuine.

spurt /spɜːt/ /spɝt/ v
bluzgać bluznąć bryzgać
(transitive) To cause to gush out suddenly or violently in a stream or jet.

sputnik /ˈspʊtnɪk/ /ˈspʌtnɪk/ sputniks n
sputnik satelita sztuczny satelita
(historical) Any of a series of Soviet robotic space satellites, especially the first one in 1957.

sputum sputa sputums n
plwocina
(physiology) Matter coughed up and expectorated from the mouth, composed of saliva and discharges from the respiratory passages such as mucus, phlegm or pus.

spy /spaɪ/ spies n
szpieg szpion
A person who secretly watches and examines the actions of other individuals or organizations and gathers information on them (usually to gain an advantage).

spy /spaɪ/ v
szpiegować
(intransitive) To act as a spy.
dostrzec
(transitive) To explore; to see; to view; inspect and examine secretly, as a country.

spy ring spy rings n
agentura
A network of spies.

spyglass spyglasses n
luneta
A small portable telescope.

spymaster spymasters n
szef szpiegów

spyware n
oprogramowanie szpiegowskie oprogramowanie szpiegujące
(Internet) Programs that surreptitiously monitor and report the actions of a computer user. [from 1990s]

squab /ˈskwɑb/ /ˈskwɒb/ squabs n
gołąbek gołębię
(sometimes, attributive) A baby pigeon, dove, or chicken.
gawronię
A baby rook.

squacco /ˈskwækoʊ/ /ˈskwækəʊ/ squaccos n
czapla modronosa
A species of pond heron, Ardeola ralloides, which is small, and brown and white in colour; it is found in Asia, Northern Africa, and Southern Europe. [from mid 18th c.]

squad /ˈskwɑd/ /ˈskwɒd/ squads n
drużyna ekipa
(cricket, soccer, rugby) A group of potential players from whom a starting team and substitutes are chosen.
oddział szwadron
A unit of tactical military personnel, or of police officers, usually of about ten members.

squadron /ˈskwɒd.ɹən/ squadrons n
szwadron eskadron
(military, historical, army) A body of cavalry comprising two companies or troops, averaging from one hundred and twenty to two hundred soldiers.
eskadra
(military, navy) A detachment of vessels employed on any particular service or station, under the command of the senior officer
(military, air force) A tactical air force unit; consists of at least two flights; multiple squadrons make up a group or wing (depending on particular air force).

squall /ˈskwɔːl/ squalls n
szkwał
(often, nautical) A sudden storm, as found in a squall line.

squalor /ˈskwɑlɚ/ /ˈskwɒlə(ɹ)/ squalors n
brud plugastwo
Filthiness and degradation, as from neglect or poverty

squamous /ˈskweɪ.məs/ /ˈskwɑː.məs/ more squamous most squamous adj
łuskowaty
Covered with, made of, or resembling scales; scaly.

squander /ˈskwɑn.dɚ/ /ˈskwɒnd.ə/ [ˈskwɒnd.ə] [ˈskʷɑn.dɚ] v
marnować marnotrawić trwonić roztrwonić zmarnotrawić zmarnować
To waste, lavish, splurge; to spend lavishly or profusely; to dissipate.

square /skweə(ɹ)/ /skweː(ɹ)/ /skwɛə(ɹ)/ /skwɛəɹ/ /skwɛː(ɹ)/ /skwɪə(ɹ)/ squarer squarest adj
kwadratowy kwadrat
Shaped like a square (the polygon).

square /skweə(ɹ)/ /skweː(ɹ)/ /skwɛə(ɹ)/ /skwɛəɹ/ /skwɛː(ɹ)/ /skwɪə(ɹ)/ squares n
kwadrat plac skwer majdan
(printing) A certain number of lines, forming a portion of a column, nearly square; used chiefly in reckoning the prices of advertisements in newspapers.
kątownik węgielnica
An L- or T-shaped tool used to place objects or draw lines at right angles.
plac skwer majdan
An open space or park, often in the center of a town, not necessarily square in shape, often containing trees, seating and other features pleasing to the eye.
kwadrat kwadratowy
(mathematics) The product of a number or quantity multiplied by itself; the second power of a number, value, term or expression.
normik
(1950s, _, slang) A socially conventional or conservative person; a person who has little or no interest in the latest fads or trends: still sometimes used in modern terminology.

square /skweə(ɹ)/ /skweː(ɹ)/ /skwɛə(ɹ)/ /skwɛəɹ/ /skwɛː(ɹ)/ /skwɪə(ɹ)/ v
podnosić do kwadratu podnosić do drugiej potęgi
(transitive, mathematics) Of a value, term, or expression, to multiply by itself; to raise to the second power.

square bracket square brackets n
nawias kwadratowy
Either of a pair of symbols, [ ], used for various purposes, e.g. to enclose text inserted or replaced by an editor, and to indicate various mathematical operations.

square kilometre square kilometres n
kilometr kwadratowy
Standard unit of area, symbol km2, equal to the area of a square whose sides are one kilometre long; 106 square metres.

square matrix square matrices square matrixes n
macierz kwadratowa
(linear algebra) A matrix having the same number of rows as columns.

square metre square metres n
metr kwadratowy
(British spelling) A standard unit of area equal to the area of a square whose sides are one metre long (that is, an area one meter square) Symbol: m2

square root square roots n
pierwiastek kwadratowy
(mathematics) The number which, when squared, yields another number.

squared adj
do kwadratu kwadrat
(mathematics) Raised to the second power.

squash /skwɑʃ/ /skwɒʃ/ /skwɔɹʃ/ /skwɔʃ/ squash squashes n
squash
(uncountable) A sport played in a walled court with a soft rubber ball and bats like tennis racquets.
(slang, professional wrestling) An extremely one-sided, usually short, match.
dynia
(botany, countable) A plant and its fruit of any of a few species of the genus Cucurbita, or gourd kind.

squat /skwɑt/ /skwɒt/ /skwɔt/ squats n
ubikacja kucana ubikacja narciarska
kucki przykuc przysiad
A position assumed by bending deeply at the knees while resting on one's feet.
skłot squat
A building occupied without permission, as practiced by a squatter.

squat /skwɑt/ /skwɒt/ /skwɔt/ v
kucać kucnąć przycupnąć przysiadać
To sit close to the ground; to stoop, or lie close to the ground, for example to escape observation.

squatter /ˈskwɑtɚ/ /ˈskwɒtə/ squatters n
dziki lokator squatter
One who occupies a building or land without title or permission. [From 1788.]

squaw /skwɔː/ squaws n
squaw
(now, offensive, ethnic slur) A woman, wife; especially a Native American woman.

squawk /skwoːk/ /skwɑk/ /skwɔk/ /skwɔːk/ squawks n
skrzek
A shrill noise, especially made by a voice or bird; a yell, scream, or call.

squawk /skwoːk/ /skwɑk/ /skwɔk/ /skwɔːk/ v
skrzeczeć
To make a squawking noise; to yell, scream, or call out shrilly.

squeak /skwiːk/ squeaks n
pisk
(countable) A short, high-pitched sound, as of two objects rubbing together, or the sounds made by mice and other small animals.

squeak /skwiːk/ v
piszczeć
(intransitive) To emit a short, high-pitched sound.

squeaky /ˈskwiːki/ squeakier squeakiest adj
piskliwy
Tending to produce a high-pitched sound or squeak.

squeaky clean adj
na glanc
Very clean, like a hard surface that squeaks when rubbed.

squeal /skwil/ /skwiːl/ v
donosić kapować
(intransitive, slang) To give sensitive information about someone to a third party; to rat on someone.

squeamish /ˈskwiːmɪʃ/ more squeamish most squeamish adj
wrażliwy
Easily shocked, sickened or frightened; tending to be nauseated or nervous; oversensitive.

squeegee /skwiːˈd͡ʒiː/ /ˈskwiˌd͡ʒi/ /ˈskwiːd͡ʒiː/ squeegees n
odciągacz ściągaczka
(nautical) A long-handled tool used on ships for swabbing the decks and spreading protective coatings. [1844]
rakla rakiel
(printing) A tool used to force the ink through the stencil in silk-screen printing.

squeeze /skwiːz/ v
ściskać ścisnąć
(transitive) To apply pressure to from two or more sides at once.

squid /skwɪd/ squid squids n
kalmar kałamarnica
Any of several carnivorous marine cephalopod mollusks, of the order Teuthida, having a mantle, eight arms, and a pair of tentacles
A fishhook with a piece of bright lead, bone, or other substance fastened on its shank to imitate a squid.
(US, military, slang, mildly, pejorative) A sailor in the Navy.
(UK, slang, humorous, rare) A quid; one pound sterling.

squill /skwɪl/ squills n
cebulica
A European bulbous liliaceous plant, of the genus Scilla, used in medicine for its acrid, expectorant, diuretic, and emetic properties

squint /skwɪnt/ squints n
mrużenie zmrużenie
An expression in which the eyes are partly closed.
zez
The look of eyes which are turned in different directions, as in strabismus.

squint /skwɪnt/ v
mrużyć oczy
(intransitive) To look with the eyes partly closed, as in bright sunlight, or as a threatening expression.
zezować
(intransitive) To look with, or have eyes that are turned in different directions; to suffer from strabismus.

squircle squircles n
kwadratokrąg
(algebraic geometry) A closed quartic curve having properties intermediate between those of a square and a circle.

squire /ˈskwaɪə/ /ˈskwaɪɚ/ squires n
giermek
A shield-bearer or armor-bearer who attended a knight.

squirm /skwɜːm/ /skwɝm/ v
wić się
To twist one's body with snakelike motions.
wprawić w zakłopotanie
To twist in discomfort, especially from shame or embarrassment.
wywinąć się
To evade a question, an interviewer etc.

squirrel /ˈskwɝl/ /ˈskwɝl̩/ /ˈskwɝəl/ /ˈskwɪɹl̩/ /ˈskwɪɹəl/ /ˈskwʌɹəl/ squirrels n
wiewiórka
Any of the rodents of the family Sciuridae distinguished by their large bushy tail.

squirrel around v
buszować
To move or search erratically, especially as if hurried or confused.

squirrel away v
chomikować
(informal, transitive) To stash or hide; to hoard, collect, save, or accumulate; to create a reserve, stash, or hoard of some supply.

squirrel monkey squirrel monkeys n
sajmiri
(zoology, primatology) Any of several small New World monkeys, of the genus Saimiri, that live in Central and South America.

squirt /skwɜːt/ /skwɝt/ squirts n
smarkacz
(UK, US, Australia, slang) A small child.

squirt gun squirt guns n
psikawka sikawka
A toy gun used to shoot water.

squirting cucumber squirting cucumbers n
tryskawiec sprężysty ośli ogórek sprężak tryskacz tryskawiec tryskawiec lekarski
The plant Ecballium elaterium, a member of the cucumber family (Cucurbitaceae)

sriracha /səˈrɑ.t͡ʃɑ/ /səˈrɑ.t͡ʃə/ /sɪˈræ.t͡ʃə/ /sɪˈrɑ.t͡ʃɑ/ /sɪˈrɑ.t͡ʃə/ /ˈsɪˌrɑ.t͡ʃɑ/ srirachas n
sriracha
A Thai-style hot sauce, typically made from sun-ripened chili peppers, vinegar, garlic, sugar and salt.

sss interjection
sss
(onomatopoeia) The hiss of a snake or other reptile.

st sts n
ul. św.
(Usually as “st.” Also as “st”. Sometimes capitalized.)
(Always capitalized.)
(Not capitalized or usually spaced.)
(knitting)

stab /stæb/ stabs n
dźgnięcie
An act of stabbing or thrusting with an object.
A wound made by stabbing.

stab /stæb/ v
kłuć
(transitive) To pierce or to wound (somebody) with a (usually pointed) tool or weapon, especially a knife or dagger.

stab in the back stabs in the back n
cios w plecy
An act of betrayal or treachery.

stab in the back v
wbijać nóż w plecy wbić nóż w plecy
(idiomatic) To betray (somebody).

stability /stəˈbɪlɪti/ [stəˈbɪlɪɾi] stabilities n
stabilność
The condition of being stable or in equilibrium, and thus resistant to change.

stabilize /ˈsteɪ.bəl.ˌaɪz/ v
stabilizować
(transitive) To make stable.

stabilizer stabilizers n
stabilizator
Any substance added to something in order to stabilize it, as for example a fuel additive that prolongs the shelf life of petrol.
A gyroscopically controlled fin or similar device that prevents the excess rolling of a ship in rough seas.

stable /ˈsteɪb(ə)l/ /ˈsteɪbl̩/ more stable most stable stabler stablest adj
stabilny
Relatively unchanging, steady, permanent; firmly fixed or established; consistent; not easily moved, altered, or destroyed.

stable /ˈsteɪb(ə)l/ /ˈsteɪbl̩/ stables n
stajnia
A building, wing or dependency set apart and adapted for lodging and feeding (and training) ungulates, especially horses.

stable boy stable boys n
stajenny
A boy or young man who attends in a stable.

stableman stablemen n
koniuch
A person employed to take care of horses in a stable.

staccato /stəˈkɑːtoʊ/ staccati staccatos n
staccato
(music) An articulation marking directing that a note or passage of notes are to be played in an abruptly disconnected manner, with each note sounding for a very short duration, and a short break lasting until the sounding of the next note; as opposed to legato. Staccato is indicated by a dot directly above or below the notehead.

stack /stæk/ stacks n
stos sterta
A pile of similar objects, each directly on top of the last.
stos
(computing, often with "the") A stack data structure stored in main memory that is manipulated during machine language procedure call related instructions.

stack /stæk/ v
stertować układać na kupę
(transitive) To arrange in a stack, or to add to an existing stack.

stacker crane /ˈstækə kɹeɪn/ stacker cranes n
układnica
An overhead rail-guided crane system that employs a load handling mechanism distinct from a hoist

stadium /ˈsteɪ.di.əm/ stadia stadiums n
stadion arena
A venue where sporting events are held.

staff /stæf/ /stɑːf/ [staf] [steəf] [stäːf] [stæf] [stɐːf] [stɑːf] [stɛəf] staff staffs staves n
kij laska
(plural staffs or staves) A long, straight, thick wooden rod or stick, especially one used to assist in walking.
pięciolinia
(music, plural staffs or staves) A series of horizontal lines on which musical notes are written; a stave.
personel pracownicy
(engineering) An arbor, as of a wheel or a pinion of a watch.

stag /stæɡ/ stags n
jeleń rogacz
(countable) An adult male deer, especially a red deer.
młoda klacz źrebak
(countable, chiefly, Scotland) A young horse (colt or filly).
kastrat
(countable) An improperly or late castrated bull or ram – also called a bull seg (see note under ox).
strzyżyk
(countable) The Eurasian wren, Troglodytes troglodytes.

stag beetle stag beetles n
jelonek rogacz
Any of numerous large beetles of the family Lucanidae, the males having elaborate mandibles resembling the antlers of a stag
especially, the largest beetle in the UK, of species Lucanus cervus.

stag's-horn clubmoss n
babimór
Lycopodium clavatum, a club moss in the family Lycopodiaceae.

stage /steɪd͡ʒ/ stages n
etap faza okres
A phase.
scena podium estrada
(by extension) One of the portions of a device (such as a rocket or thermonuclear weapon) which are used or activated in a particular order, one after another.
(video games) A level; one of the sequential areas making up the game.
(geology) The succession of rock strata laid down in a single age on the geologic time scale.

stage /steɪd͡ʒ/ v
inscenizować zainscenizować
(transitive) To produce on a stage, to perform a play.
wywołać wywoływać
To demonstrate in a deceptive manner.

stage direction stage directions n
didaskalia
An instruction given to an actor that tells the actor what should be done and in what manner to do it.

stage fright n
trema
(uncountable) A state of nervousness about performing some action in front of a group of people, on or off of a stage; nerves; a lack of self-assurance before an audience.

stage magic n
magiczne sztuczki na scenie
Magic tricks performed on stage to entertain an audience.

stage whisper /ˈsteɪdʒ ˈwɪs.pə/ /ˈsteɪdʒ ˈwɪs.pɚ/ stage whispers n
szept sceniczny
(theater) A line that is performed on stage as if it were whispered, but is spoken loud enough that the audience can hear.

stage-coach /ˈsteɪdʒ.koʊtʃ/ /ˈsteɪdʒ.kəʊtʃ/ stage-coaches n
dyliżans
(historical) A horse-drawn coach that runs routinely between two destinations to transport passengers and mail.

stagflation /stæɡˈfleɪʃən/ stagflations n
stagflacja
(economics) Inflation accompanied by stagnant growth, unemployment or recession.

stagger /ˈstæɡə/ /ˈstæɡɚ/ v
wahać się
(transitive) To cause to doubt and waver; to make to hesitate; to make less steady or confident; to shock.

staging stagings n
inscenizacja
(theater) A performance of a play
The classification of a case of a disease, usually a cancer, into its anatomic or prognostic stage, which is a category of severity.

stagnancy stagnancies n
bezruch

stagnant /ˈstæɡnənt/ more stagnant most stagnant adj
bezczynny w zastoju
(figurative) Without progress or change; stale; inactive.

stagnation /stæɡˈneɪʃən/ stagnations n
bezrybie stagnacja zastój
Inactivity.
stagnacja
The state of being stagnant, without circulation.

stain /steɪn/ stains n
plama
A discolored spot or area caused by spillage or other contact with certain fluids or substances.
plama skaza
A blemish on one's character or reputation.
bejca
A substance used to soak into a surface and colour it.
barwnik kontrast
A reagent or dye used to stain microscope specimens so as to make some structures visible.

stain /steɪn/ v
plamić kalać upaprać upaćkać
(transitive) To discolor, as by spilling or other contact with a fluid or substance.
(intransitive) To become stained; to take a stain.
To cause to seem inferior or soiled by comparison.
bejcować zabejcować
To coat a surface with a stain

stain remover stain removers n
odplamiacz
A liquid, usually a solvent or detergent, that is used to remove stains from fabric.

stained glass stained glasses n
witraż witrażownictwo
Glass that has been coloured, either by painting or by fusing pigments into its structure.
witrażownictwo
(architecture) The use of such glass to construct decorative windows, especially in churches.

stainless adj
nierdzewny
Describing an alloy that is resistant to corrosion and discoloration.
nieskazitelny
Unmarked, spotless.

stainless steel stainless steels n
stal nierdzewna inox
An alloy of iron and chromium that resists corrosion.

stair /stɛə/ /stɛɚ/ stairs n
stopień
A single step in a staircase.

staircase /ˈstɛɹˌkeɪs/ staircases n
schody klatka schodowa
A flight of stairs; a stairway.

stairs /ˈstɛəz/ /ˈstɛɹz/ n
schody
A contiguous set of steps connecting two floors.

stairwell stairwells n
klatka schodowa
A shaft in a multi-story building enclosing a stairway or staircase.

stake /steɪk/ stakes n
pal kół
A piece of wood or other material, usually long and slender, pointed at one end so as to be easily driven into the ground as a marker or a support or stay.
stawka
A stick or similar object (e.g., steel channel or angle stock) inserted upright in a lop, eye, or mortise, at the side or end of a cart, flat car, flatbed trailer, or the like, to prevent goods from falling off; often connected in a grid forming a stakebody.
That which is laid down as a wager; that which is staked or hazarded; a pledge.

stakeholder /ˈsteɪkˌhoʊl.dɚ/ /ˈsteɪkˌhəʊl.də/ /ˈstæɪkˌhəʉl.də/ stakeholders n
interesant interesariusz
(business) A person or organisation with a legitimate interest in a given situation, action or enterprise.

stalactite /stəˈlækˌtaɪt/ /ˈstæl.əkˌtaɪt/ stalactites n
stalaktyt sopleniec
(geology) A secondary mineral deposit of calcium carbonate or another mineral, in shapes similar to icicles, that hangs from the roof of a cave.

stalagmite /stəˈlæɡˌmaɪt/ /ˈstæl.əɡˌmaɪt/ stalagmites n
stalagmit
(geology) A secondary mineral deposit of calcium carbonate or other mineral, in shapes similar to icicles, that lies on the ground of a cave.

stale /steɪl/ staler stalest adj
czerstwy
No longer fresh, new, or interesting, in reference to ideas and immaterial things; clichéd, hackneyed, dated.

stalemate /ˈsteɪlmeɪt/ stalemates n
pat
(chess) The state in which the player to move is not in check but has no legal moves, resulting in a draw.
pat sytuacja patowa
(by extension) Any situation that has no obvious possible movement, but involves no personal loss.

stalinization n
stalinizacja
(politics) The process of stalinizing.

stalk /stɑk/ /stɔk/ /stɔːk/ stalks n
łodyga badyl
The stem or main axis of a plant, which supports the seed-carrying parts.

stalk /stɑk/ /stɔk/ /stɔːk/ v
zakradać się
(transitive) To approach slowly and quietly in order not to be discovered when getting closer.
nękać stalkować
(transitive) To (try to) follow or contact someone constantly, often resulting in harassment.Wp

stalker stalkers n
obserwator obserwatorka
A person who engages in stalking, i.e., quietly approaching animals to be hunted; a tracker or guide in hunting game.
prześladowca prześladowczyni stalker stalkerka
A person who secretly follows someone, sometimes with unlawful intentions.

stalking /ˈstɔːkɪŋ/ stalkings n
odszypułkowywanie
The removal of stalks from bunches of grapes prior to winemaking.
nękanie stalking
The crime of following or harassing another person, causing him or her to fear death or injury.

stalkless adj
bezogonkowy

stall /stɑl/ /stɔl/ /stɔːl/ stalls n
stragan stoisko
(countable) A small open-fronted shop, for example in a market, food court, etc.

stallion /ˈstæli.ən/ /ˈstæljən/ stallions n
ogier
A male horse kept primarily as a stud.
An adult male horse.

stamen /ˈsteɪ.mən/ stamens stamina n
pręcik
(botany) In flowering plants, the structure in a flower that produces pollen, typically consisting of an anther and a filament.

stamina /ˈstæmənə/ /ˈstæmɪnə/ staminas n
wytrzymałość
The energy and strength for continuing to do something over a long period of time; power of sustained exertion, or resistance to hardship, illness etc.

stammer /ˈstæmə/ /ˈstæmɚ/ stammers n
jąkanie

stammer /ˈstæmə/ /ˈstæmɚ/ v
jąkać
(transitive) To utter with a stammer, or with timid hesitancy.

stamp /stæmp/ stamps n
tupanie
An act of stamping the foot, paw or hoof.
pieczęć stempel pieczątka
An indentation, imprint, or mark made by stamping.
stempel pieczęć pieczątka
A device for stamping designs.

stamp /stæmp/ v
tupać tupnąć
(intransitive) To step quickly and heavily, once or repeatedly.
(transitive) To move (the foot or feet) quickly and heavily, once or repeatedly.
ostemplować pieczętować stemplować
(transitive) To mark by pressing quickly and heavily.
banderolować oznakować oznakowywać znakować
(transitive) To give an official marking to, generally by impressing or imprinting a design or symbol.

stampede /stæmˈpid/ /stæmˈpiːd/ stampedes n
paniczna ucieczka
A wild, headlong running away or scamper of a number of animals, usually caused by fright.

stance /staːns/ /stæns/ /stɑːns/ [stɐːns] [stɛəns] [stɛːns] stances n
stanowisko
One's opinion or point of view.

stanch /stæn(t)ʃ/ /stɑːn(t)ʃ/ v
zatamować
To stop the flow of (blood); also, to stop (a wound) from bleeding.
zastopować zatrzymać
(transitive) To check or stop, or deter (an action).

stanchion /ˈstænʃən/ /ˈstɑːnʃən/ stanchions n
słup słupek
A vertical pole, post, or support.

stand /stænd/ [steənd] stands n
stojak trójnóg
A device to hold something upright or aloft.
stoisko
A small building, booth, or stage, as in a bandstand or hamburger stand.

stand /stænd/ [steənd] v
stać
(intransitive, copulative) To support oneself on the feet in an erect position.
(intransitive, copulative) To maintain one's ground; to be acquitted; not to fail or yield; to be safe.
(intransitive, followed by to + infinitive) To be positioned to gain or lose.
wstawać wstać
(intransitive) To rise to one’s feet; to stand up.
cierpieć
(intransitive, copulative, obsolete) To be in some particular state; to have essence or being; to be; to consist.

stand at attention v
stawać na baczność stać na baczność

stand corrected v
poprawię się
(idiomatic) To acknowledge, after someone else's correction of a statement one made, that this statement was indeed incorrect and that this correction is justified.

stand guard v
stanąć na straży stać na straży trzymać straż
To guard; to maintain a stance of vigilance in order to protect.

stand in the way v
stanąć na drodze stanąć na przeszkodzie stanąć na zawadzie stawać na drodze stać na drodze stać na przeszkodzie
(typically with of) To impede the progress or achievement (of).

stand on ceremony v
ceregielić się certolić się certować się
(idiomatic) To act in a formal, ceremonious, or overly polite manner.

stand on one's own two feet v
stanąć na własnych nogach stawać na własnych nogach
(idiomatic) To be independent and self-sufficient; to survive without any help.

stand one's ground v
trwać przy swoim
(idiomatic) To maintain or stick by an opinion or position; to remain resolute in the face of opposition.

stand out v
wyróżniać się
(intransitive) To be obvious or conspicuous, in contrast to the surroundings.

stand the test of time v
przetrwać próbę czasu
(idiomatic) To remain useful or valued over a long period of time; to last a long time.

stand to reason /ˌstænd tə ˈɹiz(ə)n/ /ˌstænd tə ˈɹiːzn̩/ v
być logicznym
(idiomatic) To seem logical, rational, or reasonable; to make sense.

stand trial /ˌstænd ˈtɹaɪ(ə)l/ /ˌstænd ˈtɹaɪəl/ v
stanąć przed sądem stawać przed sądem
(law) To be put on trial in a court of law; go on trial.

stand up v
wstawać wstać
(intransitive) To rise from a lying or sitting position.

stand up for v
stanął w obronie stawać w obronie
(transitive) To speak or act in support or defense of (a person, a cause, a belief, or the like).

stand up to v
stawiać czoła stawić czoła
(transitive) To object to or interfere with the actions of (someone seen as bullying, pushy, or controlling).

stand-alone /ˈstænd.əˌləʊn/ adj
autonomiczny niezależny samodzielny
Operating, functioning, or existing without additions or assistance; independent; able to be separate or separated.

stand-up stand-ups n
stand-up
(uncountable) A performance of stand-up comedy; jokes delivered standing on a stage

stand-up comedy n
stand-up
comedy performed on stage by a single comedian.

standard /ˈstændəd/ /ˈstændəɹd/ [ˈsteəndɚd] more standard most standard adj
standardowy
Falling within an accepted range of size, amount, power, quality, etc.
nliteracki normatywny standardowy
(linguistics) Conforming to the standard variety.

standard /ˈstændəd/ /ˈstændəɹd/ [ˈsteəndɚd] standards n
norma literacka standard standard literacki
(sociolinguistics) standard idiom, a prestigious or standardized language variety; standard language
standard
A level of quality or attainment.
Something used as a measure for comparative evaluations; a model.
sztandar
The flag or ensign carried by a military unit.

standard candle standard candles n
świeca standardowa

standard deviation standard deviations n
odchylenie standardowe
(statistics) A measure of how spread out data values are around the mean, defined as the square root of the variance. Represented with the Greek letter σ.

standard dialect standard dialects n
dialekt literacki dialekt standardowy narzecze ogólne
(sociolinguistics) Synonym of standard language

standard language standard languages n
język literacki język ogólny język standardowy dialekt kulturalny narzecze ogólne
(sociolinguistics) A language that has a standard form as one of its varieties; a language that has undergone standardization.

standard of living standards of living n
stopa życiowa
A relative measure of the quality of life a person or group has, often with per capita income (GNI or GDP) serving as a proxy measurement but with some notion of human development as the real (underlying) entity being measured.

standard variety standard varieties n
narzecze ogólne odmiana literacka języka odmiana ogólna języka odmiana standardowa języka
(sociolinguistics) Synonym of standard language

standard-bearer standard-bearers n
chorąży poczet sztandarowy
A person who carries a flag or banner (a standard).

standardise [ˈstændə(ɹ)daɪz] v
ustandaryzować
To make to conform to a standard.

standardization standardizations n
normotwórstwo standaryzacja
The process of establishing a standard.

standing /ˈstændɪŋ/ adj
pozostający stojący
Erect, not cut down.
stojący
Performed from an erect position.
Remaining in force or status.
Stagnant; not moving or flowing.
Not transitory; not liable to fade or vanish; lasting.
Not movable; fixed.

standing order standing orders n
zlecenie stałe
(banking) Transfer of a fixed amount from one bank account to another at fixed intervals (e.g. monthly bill payment)

standpoint /ˈstændpɔɪnt/ standpoints n
punkt widzenia
Point of view; perspective

standstill standstills n
zastój
Complete immobility; halt.

stanza /ˈstænzə/ stanzas n
strofa zwrotka
A unit of a poem, written or printed as a paragraph; equivalent to a verse.

stapes /ˈsteɪ.piːz/ stapedes stapes n
strzemiączko

staphylococcal adj
gronkowcowy
Relating to staphylococcus.

staphylococcus /ˌstæfələˈkɔkəs/ /ˌstæfɪləˈkɒkəs/ staphylococci n
gronkowiec
A spherical gram-positive parasitic bacterium of the genus Staphylococcus, causing blisters, septicemia, and other infections.

staple /ˈsteɪ.pəl/ staples n
zszywka klamra
A wire fastener used to secure stacks of paper by penetrating all the sheets and curling around.
klamra
A wire fastener used to secure something else by penetrating and curling.
A U-shaped metal fastener, used to attach fence wire or other material to posts or structures.
One of a set of U-shaped metal rods hammered into a structure, such as a piling or wharf, which serve as a ladder.
podstawowe pożywienie podstawowy artykuł
A basic or essential supply.
stapel
Short fiber, as of cotton, sheep’s wool, or the like, which can be spun into yarn or thread.

staple /ˈsteɪ.pəl/ v
zszyć
(transitive) To secure with a staple.

stapler /ˈsteɪplə/ /ˈsteɪplɚ/ staplers n
zszywacz
A device which binds together sheets of paper by driving a thin metal staple through the sheets and simultaneously folding over the ends of the staple against the back surface of the paper.

star /staː(ɹ)/ /stɑɹ/ /stɑː(ɹ)/ stars n
gwiazda
(geometry) A concave polygon with regular, pointy protrusions and indentations, usually with four, five, or six points.
(acting) An actor in a leading role.
A simple dance, or part of a dance, where a group of four dancers each put their right or left hand in the middle and turn around in a circle. You call them right-hand stars or left-hand stars, depending on the hand which is in the middle.
A composition of combustible matter used in the heading of rockets, in mines, etc., which, exploding in the air, presents a starlike appearance.
gwiazda sława
An exceptionally talented or famous person, often in a specific field; a celebrity.
gwiazdka gwiazda
(printing) An asterisk (*) or symbol (★).
A symbol used to rate hotels, films, etc. with a higher number of stars denoting better quality.

star anise star anises n
badian właściwy
A plant, Illicium verum, used primarily for its star-shaped seed which resembles anise in scent and flavor, and which is used as a spice. Valued for its decorative shape as well as its flavor. Also used commercially as a source of shikimic acid for the production of Tamiflu.
anyż gwiazdkowy anyż gwiaździsty badian badianek
The star-shaped seed used as a spice.

star cluster star clusters n
gromada gwiazd
(astronomy) A group of gravitationally bound stars and other material (such as nebulae and planets), conventionally with one generation of similarly aged stars from the same pre-stellar nebula.

star fruit star fruits n
oskomian pospolity
The fruit of the carambola tree, Averrhoa carambola.

star system star systems n
system gwiezdny układ gwiazd
(star) A group of stars (and possibly smaller bodies such as planets or asteroids) that orbit one another.

starboard /ˈstaː.bəd/ /ˈstɑɹ.bɚd/ /ˈstɑː.bəd/ starboards n
sterburta
The righthand side of a ship, boat or aircraft when facing the front, or fore or bow. Used to unambiguously refer to directions according to the sides of the vessel, rather than those of a crew member or object.

starch /stɑɹt͡ʃ/ /stɑːt͡ʃ/ starches n
skrobia
(nutrition, countable) Carbohydrates, as with grain and potato based foods.
sztywność
(uncountable) A stiff, formal manner; formality.
skrobia krochmal
(countable) Any of various starch-like substances used as a laundry stiffener.

starch /stɑɹt͡ʃ/ /stɑːt͡ʃ/ v
krochmalić
To apply or treat with laundry starch, to create a hard, smooth surface.

stardust /ˈstɑɹˌdʌst/ /ˈstɑːdʌst/ stardusts n
gwiezdny pył
(informal, dated) A distant cluster of stars resembling a cloud of dust, especially if the individual stars of which cannot be resolved with a telescope.

stare /stɛə(ɹ)/ /stɛɚ/ v
gapić się wpatrywać się
(intransitive, followed by "at") To look fixedly (at something).
(intransitive, obsolete) To stand out; to project; to bristle.

starfish /ˈstɑː(ɹ)fɪʃ/ starfish starfishes n
rozgwiazda
Any of various asteroids or other echinoderms (not in fact fish) with usually five arms, many of which eat bivalves or corals by everting their stomach.

stargate stargates n
Gwiezdne wrota

stark /stɑɹk/ /stɑːk/ starker starkest adj
sztywny twardy
(obsolete) Hard, firm; obdurate.
gwałtowny
Severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather).

starkers /ˈstɑɹkɚz/ /ˈstɑːkəz/ adj
golusieńki goły jak święty turecki w czym Pan Bóg stworzył w stroju Adama
(chiefly, British, slang) Completely nude.

starless adj
bezgwiezdny
without visible stars.

starlight /ˈstɑː(ɹ)laɪt/ starlights n
światło gwiazd
Light emitted from stars other than the Sun.

starling /ˈstɑɹlɪŋ/ /ˈstɑːlɪŋ/ starlings n
szpak
A family, Sturnidae, of passerine birds.
izbica lodołam
One of the piles used in forming such a breakwater.

starlit more starlit most starlit adj
rozgwieżdżony

starry /ˈstɑɹ.i/ /ˈstɑː.ɹi/ starrier starriest adj
gwiaździsty gwiezdny gwieździsty rozgwieżdżony
Having stars visible.
gwiaździsty gwieździsty
Resembling or shaped like a star.

starry-eyed more starry-eyed most starry-eyed adj
prostoduszny

start /stɑɹt/ /stɑːt/ starts n
początek zaczątek
The beginning of an activity.
start
The beginning point of a race, a board game, etc.

start /stɑɹt/ /stɑːt/ v
zacząć rozpocząć poderwać się ruszyć uruchomić zapalić
(transitive) To disturb and cause to move suddenly; to startle; to alarm; to rouse; to cause to flee or fly.

starter /ˈstɑɹ.tɚ/ /ˈstɑː.tə(ɹ)/ [ˈstɑɹ.ɾɚ] starters n
rozrusznik
An electric motor that starts an internal combustion engine.

starting point starting points n
punkt wyjścia
(sometimes, figurative) The place where a journey starts.
The first steps when commencing an activity.

starting price starting prices n
cena wywoławcza
The opening price for an item at an auction.

startup /ˈstɑɹtˌʌp/ [ˈstɑɹɾˌʌp] startups n
uruchamianie
The act or process of starting a process or machine.
start up start-up startup
A new company or organization or business venture designed for rapid growth.

starvation /stɑɹˈveɪʃən/ /stɑːˈveɪʃən/ starvations n
wygłodzenie
A condition of severe suffering due to a lack of nutrition.

starve /stɑɹv/ /stɑːv/ v
głodować
(intransitive) To die because of lack of food or of not eating.

stasis /ˈsteɪsɪs/ /ˈstæ-/ stases n
zastój
(pathology) A slackening or arrest of the blood current, due not to a lessening of the heart’s beat, but to some abnormal resistance of the capillary walls.

stat /stæt/ adv
już natychmiast
(medicine) Immediately; now.

state /steɪt/ states n
stan
(computing) The stable condition of a processor during a particular clock cycle.
(computing) The set of all parameters relevant to a computation.
(computing) The values of all parameters at some point in a computation.
państwo stan
Any sovereign polity; a national or city-state government.
stan kondycja
(anthropology) A society larger than a tribe. A society large enough to form a state in the sense of a government.
stan państwo
A political division of a federation retaining a notable degree of autonomy, as in the United States, Mexico, Nigeria, or India.

state /steɪt/ v
twierdzić stwierdzać stwierdzić
(transitive) To declare to be a fact.
oznajmiać oznajmić
(transitive) To make known.

state capitalism state capitalisms n
kapitalizm państwowy
The form of capitalism where for-profit commercial activities are undertaken by the state; either via corporatized government agencies, or via ownership or control of nominally private organizations.

state of affairs states of affairs n
stan rzeczy
(idiomatic) A specific situation; a set of circumstances.

state of being states of being n
samopoczucie
The overall physical condition of a person, as opposed to mental condition (state of mind).

state of emergency states of emergency n
stan nadzwyczajny
A governmental decree declaring such situation.

state of matter states of matter n
stan skupienia
(sciences) Any of the different phases of matter whose properties are dependent on the motions and forces of the molecules of which they are composed.

state of mind states of mind n
stan umysłu
The psychological state of someone's cognitive processes at a certain time; the condition or character of a person's thoughts or feelings.

state of siege states of siege n
stan oblężenia stan wyjątkowy
(law) An exceptional legal condition in which constitutional limits on the powers of the government are suspended, usually owing to military necessity and implying martial law.

state of the art more state of the art most state of the art adj
najnowocześniejszy najnowszy
At the highest level of development at a particular time; cutting-edge.

state religion state religions n
religia państwowa
A religious body or creed officially endorsed by the state.

state secret state secrets n
tajemnica państwowa
Information which pertains to the affairs of a country and access to which is restricted by the government.

state the obvious v
stwierdzać oczywiste stwierdzić oczywiste

state visit state visits n
wizyta państwowa
A formal visit by a head of state or a cabinet minister to another nation.

state-owned enterprise state-owned enterprises n
przedsiębiorstwo państwowe
A commercial business wholly or partly owned and operated by a government.

statehood /ˈsteɪthʊd/ statehoods n
państwowość
The property of being a state.

stateless adj
apatryda bezpaństwowy bezpaństwowiec
(legal) Without a state or nationality; not subject to any state.

statelessness n
bezpaństwowość
The property of being stateless.

statement /ˈsteɪtm(ə)nt/ /ˈsteɪtmənt/ statements n
stwierdzenie twierdzenie
A declaration or remark.
oświadczenie
A presentation of opinion or position.
wyciąg wypis
(finance) A document that summarizes financial activity.
instrukcja
(computing) An instruction in a computer program, especially one that returns no value, as opposed to a function call.

statesman /ˈsteɪtsmən/ statesmen n
mąż stanu
A man who is a leader in national or international affairs.
A male political leader who promotes the public good or who is recognized for probity, leadership, or the qualities necessary to govern a state.

statesmanship statesmanships n
cechy męża stanu
The skill of being a good statesman, the ability to perform well in political office.

statewide /steɪtˈwaɪd/ adj
ogólnostanowy
Happening in or affecting an entire state (political subdivision of a federal union).
ogólnopaństwowy
Happening in or affecting an entire sovereign state; nationwide.

statics n
statyka
(physics) The branch of mechanics concerned with forces in static equilibrium

station /ˈsteɪʃən/ stations n
baza
A military base.
stacja dworzec przystanek
A place where one performs a task or where one is on call to perform a task.

station wagon station wagons n
kombi
(US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, automotive) A body style for cars in which the roof is extended rearward to produce an enclosed area in the position and serving the function of the boot (trunk) of a sedan / saloon.

stationer's stationers' n
sklep papierniczy
A shop that sells stationery

stationery /ˈsteɪʃ(ə)n(ə)ɹi/ /ˈsteɪʃənɛɹi/ stationeries n
artykuły papiernicze
Writing materials, envelopes, office materials.

stationwide adj
[[ogólny|ogólno-]]stacyjny

stationwide adv
przez całą stację

statistical /stəˈtɪs.tɪ.kəl/ [stəˈtɪs.tɪ.kl̩] more statistical most statistical adj
statystyczny
Of or pertaining to statistics.

statistical significance statistical significances n
istotność
(statistics) A measure of how unlikely it is that a result has occurred by chance.

statistically /stəˈtɪs.tɪ.kli/ /stəˈtɪs.tɪ.kə.li/ [stəˈtɪs.tɪ.kl̩.i] adv
statystycznie
In a statistical way.

statistician /ˌstætɪsˈtɪʃn̩/ statisticians n
statystyk
A person who compiles, interprets, or studies statistics.

statistics /stəˈtɪstɪks/ n
statystyka
A discipline, principally within applied mathematics, concerned with the systematic study of the collection, presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data.
A systematic collection of data on measurements or observations, often related to demographic information such as population counts, incomes, population counts at different ages, etc.

stative verb stative verbs n
czasownik stanowy

statolith statoliths n
statolit
A specialized form of amyloplast involved in graviperception by plant roots and most invertebrates.

stator stators n
stojan
The stationary part of a motor or other machine.

statue /ˈstæt.juː/ /ˈstæt͡ʃ.uː/ /ˈstæt͡ʃu/ statues n
posąg statua
A three-dimensional work of art, usually representing a person or animal, usually created by sculpting, carving, molding, or casting.

statuelike more statuelike most statuelike adj
posągowy
Like or resembling a statue.

statuesque /statjʊˈɛsk/ /statʃʊˈɛsk/ more statuesque most statuesque adj
posągowy
(of a woman) Elegantly tall, graceful, and attractive. [from 19th c.]

statuette /ˌstætjuˈɛt/ /ˌstætʃuˈɛt/ statuettes n
statuetka posążek
A small statue, usually a figure much less than life size, especially when of marble or bronze, or of plaster or clay as a preparation for the marble or bronze, as distinguished from a figure in terra cotta etc.

stature /ˈstæt͡ʃ.ə/ /ˈstæt͡ʃ.ɚ/ statures n
wzrost
A person or animal's natural height when standing upright.
wysoka pozycja
Respect (social standing#Noun) coming from achievement or development.

status /ˈsteɪ.təs/ /ˈsteː.təs/ /ˈstæt.əs/ /ˈstɛː.təs/ [ˈstæɾ.əs] status statuses n
status
A person’s condition, position or standing relative to that of others.
stan
A situation or state of affairs.

status quo /ˌsteɪtəs ˈkwoʊ/ /ˌsteɪtəs ˈkwəʊ/ /ˌstætəs ˈkwoʊ/ [ˌstæɾəs ˈkwoʊ] stati quo status quos statuses quo n
status quo
The state of things; the way things are, as opposed to the way they could be; the existing state of affairs.

statute /ˈstæt͡ʃuːt/ statutes n
statut ustawa
Written law as laid down by a legislature.

statute of limitations statutes of limitations n
przedawnienie
Any law that sets a time limit, after which a person may not be tried for a crime, or after which some other legal action may not take place.

statutory /ˈstætjʊt(ə)ɹɪ/ /ˈstæt͡ʃəˌtɔɹi/ adj
ustawowy
Of, relating to, enacted or regulated by a statute.

staunch /stɑn(t)ʃ/ /stɑːn(t)ʃ/ /stɔn(t)ʃ/ /stɔːn(t)ʃ/ stauncher staunchest adj
wierny
Dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy.

staurolite staurolites n
staurolit
(mineral) a dark brown nesosilicate mineral that has crystals that cross and intergrow

stave church stave churches n
kościół słupowy
A wooden church with a medieval post and lintel construction.

stave off v
zapobiegać
(idiomatic) to prevent something from happening; to obviate or avert

stay /steɪ/ stays n
sztag
A guy, rope, or wire supporting or stabilizing a platform, such as a bridge, a pole, such as a tentpole, the mast of a derrick, or other structural element.
pobyt
Restraint of passion; prudence; moderation; caution; steadiness; sobriety.

stay /steɪ/ v
zostawać zostać pozostawać pozostać
(intransitive) To remain in a particular place, especially for a definite or short period of time; sojourn; abide.
(transitive, obsolete) To remain for the purpose of; to stay to take part in or be present at (a meal, ceremony etc.).
zostawać
(intransitive, copulative) To continue to have a particular quality.

stay the course v
trzymać kurs utrzymać kurs

stay the night v
nocować przenocować zanocować zostawać na noc zostać na noc
To spend a night at someone else's home.

stay up v
czuwać
(intransitive) To remain awake, to not go to bed.

stay up late v
markować

stay-at-home adj
niezatrudniony
(chiefly, attributive) Of a parent, not employed, and rather devoting more time to one's children.

staysail staysails n
sztagżagiel sztaksel
(nautical) A fore-and-aft rigged sail whose luff can be affixed to a stay running forward from a mast to the deck, the bowsprit or to another mast.

steadfast /ˈstɛdfæst/ /ˈstɛdfɑːst/ /ˈstɛdfəst/ more steadfast most steadfast steadfaster steadfastest adj
niezachwiany niezłomny
Fixed or unchanging; steady.
oddany
Firmly loyal or constant; unswerving.

steadfastness steadfastnesses n
nieugiętość niezłomność
Loyalty in the face of trouble and difficulty.

steak /steɪk/ steaks n
befsztyk stek
beefsteak, a slice of beef, broiled or cut for broiling.

steak knife steak knives n
nóż do steków
A table knife with a sharp, narrow, and often serrated blade designed for cutting tougher foods such as cooked meats.

steak tartare steak tartares steaks tartare n
befsztyk tatarski tatar
A dish made of raw minced beef steak, often served with onions, capers and other ingredients

steakhouse steakhouses n
restauracja serwująca steki
A restaurant that specializes in good cuts of meat, particularly steak.

steal /stiːl/ steals n
kradzież
The act of stealing.

steal /stiːl/ v
kraść ukraść buchnąć zwinąć zwędzić capnąć
(transitive) To take illegally, or without the owner's permission, something owned by someone else without intending to return it.
(transitive, baseball) To advance safely to (another base) during the delivery of a pitch, without the aid of a hit, walk, passed ball, wild pitch, or defensive indifference.
skradać
(transitive) To get or effect surreptitiously or artfully.

steal the show v
teatr jednego aktora
(idiomatic, intransitive, entertainment) To be the best performer during a performance.

stealth /stɛlθ/ stealths n
chytrość podstęp
(uncountable) The attribute or characteristic of acting in secrecy, or in such a way that the actions are unnoticed or difficult to detect by others.

steam /stim/ /stiːm/ steams n
para wodna
The suspended condensate (cloud) formed by water vapour when it encounters colder air
para
Pressurized water vapour used for heating, cooking, or to provide mechanical energy.

steam /stim/ /stiːm/ v
parować
(transitive) To expose to the action of steam; to apply steam to for softening, dressing, or preparing.

steam bath steam baths n
łaźnia parowa
A room or building filled with steam, in which people sit and sweat.

steam engine steam engines n
maszyna parowy
A piston engine driven by steam (as contrasted, for example, with a steam turbine).

steam locomotive /stiːm ˌloʊkəˈmoʊtiv/ /stiːm ˌləʊkəʊˈməʊtiv/ steam locomotives n
parowóz
(rail) A locomotive, usually for use on a railway, that is powered by steam.

steam room steam rooms n
sauna parowa łaźnia parowa
A sauna; a hot room that is filled with steam in which people sit for health reasons.

steam shovel /ˈstim ˌʃʌv(ə)l/ /ˈstiːm ˌʃʌvl̩/ steam shovels n
koparka parowa
(historical) An excavating machine designed to effect a shovelling action through steam power.

steam turbine steam turbines n
turbina parowa
A system of angled and shaped blades arranged on a rotor through which steam is passed to generate rotational energy. Today, normally used in power stations.

steamboat /ˈstimˌboʊt/ /ˈstiːmˌbəʊt/ steamboats n
parowiec parostatek
A boat or vessel propelled by steam power.

steamer /ˈstimɚ/ /ˈstiːmə(ɹ)/ steamers n
parowiec
parowar
(cookware) A cooking appliance that cooks by steaming.
A vessel in which articles are subjected to the action of steam, as in washing and in various processes of manufacture.

steaming /ˈstiː.mɪŋ/ steamings n
gotowanie na parze
The method of cooking by immersion in steam.

steampunk /ˈstiːm.pʌŋk/ steampunks n
steampunk
(uncountable) A subgenre of science fiction that depicts advanced technology combined with Victorian style and aesthetics, such as steam-powered machines and vehicles, visible gears and screws and people dressed in 19th-century attires.

steamship steamships n
parowiec
A ship or vessel propelled by steam power.

steamy /ˈstiː.mi/ more steamy most steamy steamier steamiest adj
zmysłowy
(colloquial, figurative) Erotic.

stearin /ˈstɪəɹɪn/ stearins n
stearyna
(organic compound) A glyceride (especially the triglyceride) of stearic acid

steatopygia steatopygias n
steatopygia
An excessive accumulation of fat on the buttocks.

steatopygous /ˌstɪ.ə.to(ʊ)ˈpaɪ.ɡəs/ /ˌstɪ.ə.tə(ʊ)ˈpaɪ.ɡəs/ /ˌstɪ.əˈtɑ.pɪ.ɡəs/ /ˌstɪ.əˈtɒ.pɪ.ɡəs/ more steatopygous most steatopygous adj
steatopygia
(physiology) Pertaining to steatopygia; having fat or prominent buttocks.

steed /stiːd/ steeds n
rumak Pegaz
(archaic, poetic) A stallion, especially in the sense of mount.

steel /stiːl/ [stiːɫ] adj
stalowy
Made of steel.

steel /stiːl/ [stiːɫ] steels n
stal
(countable, uncountable) An artificial metal produced from iron, harder and more elastic than elemental iron; used figuratively as a symbol of hardness.

steel square steel squares n
węgielnica
A tool used to measure out right angles.

steelworks steelworks n
huta stalownia
A place where steel is manufactured and/or shaped.

steely /ˈstiːli/ steelier steeliest adj
stalowy

steelyard /ˈstiːljɑːd/ /ˈstiːljɑːɹd/ /ˈstiːljəd/ /ˈstiːljɚd/ /ˈstɪljəɹd/ steelyards n
bezmian przezmian
A transportable balance with unequal arm lengths.

steep /stiːp/ steeper steepest adj
stromy
Of a near-vertical gradient; of a slope, surface, curve, etc. that proceeds upward at an angle near vertical.

steep /stiːp/ v
zaparzać zaparzyć
To make tea (or other beverage) by placing leaves in hot water.

steeple /ˈstiːpəl/ steeples n
dzwonnica
A tall tower, often on a church, normally topped with a spire.

steer /stɪə(ɹ)/ /stɪɚ/ /stɪɹ/ steers n
młody wół
The castrated male of cattle, especially one raised for beef production.

steer /stɪə(ɹ)/ /stɪɚ/ /stɪɹ/ v
kierować sterować
(intransitive) To guide the course of a vessel, vehicle, aircraft etc. (by means of a device such as a rudder, paddle, or steering wheel).
(transitive) To guide the course of a vessel, vehicle, aircraft etc. (by means of a device such as a rudder, paddle, or steering wheel).
(intransitive) To be directed and governed; to take a direction, or course; to obey the helm.

steerageway /ˈstiɹɪd͡ʒˌweɪ/ /ˈstɪə.ɹɪd͡ʒˌweɪ/ steerageways n
prędkość sterowna
(nautical) The minimum speed of a ship, below which it does not answer the helm and cannot be steered.

steering group steering groups n
grupa koordynująca
A committee whose function is to arrange the schedules of business for a legislative assembly or other organization

steering wheel steering wheels n
kierownica
A wheel-shaped control that is rotated by the driver to steer, existing in most modern land vehicles.

steganography /ˌstɛ.ɡəˈnɔ.ɡɹə.fi/ /ˌstɛɡ.ənˈɒɡ.ɹə.fi/ n
steganografia
The practice of hiding messages, so that the presence of the message itself is hidden, often by writing them in places where they may not be found until someone finds the secret message in whatever is being used to hide it.
Specifically: the use of small computer files to communicate secret information.

stegosaur /ˈstɛɡəsoɹ/ stegosaurs n
stegozaur
Any of several extinct herbivorous dinosaurs, of the suborder Stegosauria, having two rows of bony plates along the back. [from c. 1900]

stegosaurus stegosauri stegosauruses n
stegozaur
A stegosaur, a member of the suborder Stegosauria, of the order Ornithischia of the middle Jurassic to early Cretaceous period.
A member of the genus Stegosaurus within this suborder.

stein /staɪn/ steins n
kufel
A beer mug, usually made of ceramic or glass.

stele /stiːl/ /ˈstiːli/ stelai steles n
stela
(botany) The central core of a plant's root and stem system, especially including the vascular tissue and developed from the plerome.
(architecture, archaeology, obsolete) An acroterion, the decoration on the ridge of an ancient Greek building such as a temple.

stellar /ˈstɛlə/ /ˈstɛlɚ/ more stellar most stellar adj
gwiazdowy gwiezdny stelarny
(astronomy, notcomp) Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of stars.

stellar wind stellar winds n
wiatr gwiazdowy
(astronomy) The equivalent of solar wind associated with a star not restricted to being the Sun.

stem /stɛm/ stems n
rdzeń temat badyl ogonek
A slender supporting member of an individual part of a plant such as a flower or a leaf; also, by analogy, the shaft of a feather.
cybuch
A narrow part on certain man-made objects, such as a wine glass, a tobacco pipe, a spoon.
stewa
(nautical) The vertical or nearly vertical forward extension of the keel, to which the forward ends of the planks or strakes are attached.

stem /stɛm/ v
tamować
(transitive) To stop, hinder (for instance, a river or blood).
wywodzić się
To be caused or derived; to originate.

stem cell stem cells n
komórka macierzysta komórka pnia
(medicine, cytology) A primal undifferentiated cell from which a variety of other cells can develop through the process of cellular differentiation.

stemless adj
bezogonkowy

stench /stɛnt͡ʃ/ stenches n
smród fetor
a strong foul smell; a stink.

stencil /ˈstɛnsəl/ /ˈstɛnsɪl/ stencils n
szablon
A thin sheet, either perforated or using some other technique, with which a pattern may be produced upon a surface; a utensil that contains a perforated sheet.

steno- prefix
steno-

stenobiont stenobionts n
stenobiont

stenobiontic adj
stenobiontyczny

stenographer /stəˈnɑɡɹəfɚ/ /stəˈnɒɡɹəfə/ stenographers n
stenograf stenografka
Someone skilled in the transcription of speech (for example, a secretary who takes dictation).

stenography /stəˈnɑɡɹəfi/ /stɪˈnɒɡɹəfi/ stenographies n
stenografia
The practice of transcribing speech (primarily for later dictation or testimony), usually using shorthand

stentorian /stɛnˈtɔː.ɹi.ən/ more stentorian most stentorian adj
stentorowy tubalny
(of a voice) Loud, powerful, booming, suitable for giving speeches to large crowds.

step /stɛp/ steps n
stopień
A rest, or one of a set of rests, for the foot in ascending or descending, as a stair, or a rung of a ladder.
A running board where passengers step to get on and off the bus.
krok
The space passed over by one movement of the foot in walking or running.
Proceeding; measure; action; act.
krok kroczek
A small space or distance.
ślad
A print of the foot; a footstep; a footprint; track.
krok chód drabina drabinka drabka
(machines) One of a series of offsets, or parts, resembling the steps of stairs, as one of the series of parts of a cone pulley on which the belt runs.

step /stɛp/ v
kroczyć
(intransitive) To walk slowly, gravely, or resolutely.

step ladder step ladders n
składana drabinka taboret składany
A ladder with steps or treads instead of rungs that is hinged in the middle to form an inverted V, with stays to keep the two halves at a fixed angle.

step on it v
dawać gazu dać gazu
To drive fast; to step on the accelerator.

step out of line v
wyłamać się wyłamywać się

step up v
przyspieszyć wzmagać
(transitive, idiomatic) To increase, augment, or advance, especially by one or more steps.

step up one's game v
podnieść poprzeczkę podnosić poprzeczkę

stepbrother stepbrethren stepbrothers n
przybrany brat
The son of one's stepparent who is not the son of either of one's biological parents.

stepdaughter stepdaughters n
pasierbica
The daughter of one's spouse and not of oneself.

stepfamily stepfamilies n
przybrana rodzina
Any family having one or more stepchildren or stepparents.

stepfather stepfathers n
ojczym
(in the narrow sense) A husband of one's biological mother after her initial marriage to or relationship with one's biological father.

stepmother /ˈstɛpmʌðə/ stepmothers n
macocha
The wife of one's biological father, other than one's biological mother.

steppe /stɛp/ steppes n
step
The grasslands of Eastern Europe and Asia. Similar to (North American) prairie and (African) savanna. [from 1671]

steppe eagle steppe eagles n
orzeł stepowy
Aquila nipalensis, a bird of prey of the family Accipitridae. Previously considered to be closely related to the non-migratory tawny eagle (Aquila rapax) and the two forms have previously been treated as conspecific.

steppic more steppic most steppic adj
stepowy
(geography) Pertaining to a steppe.

stepsibling stepsiblings n
przybrane rodzeństwo
The child of one's stepparent from another relationship

stepsister stepsisters n
przybrana siostra
The daughter of one's stepparent who is not the daughter of either of one's parents.

stepson /ˈstɛpsʌn/ stepsons n
pasierb
The son of one's spouse, but not one's own child.

steradian steradians n
steradian
(geometry) In the International System of Units, the derived unit of solid angle; the solid angle subtended at the centre of a sphere of radius r by a portion of the surface of the sphere that has area r2. Symbol: sr

stereo /ˈstɛ.ɹi.əʊ/ /ˈstɛəɹ.i.oʊ/ adj
dźwięk stereo stereo
Of sound, music, etc, recorded in stereo.
stereograf stereogram
Of a pair of images: one depicting the view as would be seen from one eye and the other from the other eye, so that when viewed appropriately, they combine to give an impression of three dimensions.

stereo /ˈstɛ.ɹi.əʊ/ /ˈstɛəɹ.i.oʊ/ stereos n
stereo sprzęt stereo
(by extension) Any object or device equipped with audio components that reproduces sound in stereo, such as a stereo console in the home.
stereo
(printing, colloquial) A stereotype.

stereognosis n
stereognozja

stereometry /stɛɹiːˈɒmətɹi/ n
stereometria
(now, _, rare) The science of measuring the volume of solids or solid bodies.

stereomicroscope stereomicroscopes n
binokular

stereophonic more stereophonic most stereophonic adj
stereofoniczny
of or pertaining to sound reproduction using two channels to give a more natural two-dimensional sound distribution

stereotype /ˈstɛ.ɹi.əˌtaɪp/ /ˈstɪə.ɹi.əˌtaɪp/ stereotypes n
stereotyp
A conventional, formulaic, and often oversimplified or exaggerated conception, opinion, or image of (a person or a group of people).
(software engineering) An extensibility mechanism of the Unified Modeling Language, allowing a new element to be derived from an existing one with added specializations.

sterile /ˈstɛɹaɪl/ /ˈstɛɹəl/ more sterile most sterile adj
bezpłodny
(uncomparable) Unable to reproduce (or procreate).
(figurative) Fruitless, uninspiring, or unproductive.
sterylny
Germless; free from all living or viable microorganisms.

sterility sterilities n
bezpłodność
The state or quality of being sterile.

sterilizable adj
dający się sterylizować
Able to be sterilized; able to go through sterilization.

sterilization sterilizations n
sterylizacja odkażanie wyjaławianie
(uncountable) The process of treating something to kill or inactivate microorganisms.
ubezpłodnienie sterylizacja
(uncountable) A procedure to permanently prevent an organism from reproducing.
sterylizacja
(uncountable) A monetary policy operation used to offset a foreign exchange intervention.

sterilize /ˈstɛrɪlʌɪz/ v
sterylizować
(transitive) To make unable to produce; to make unprofitable.
(transitive, biology) To kill, deactivate (denature), or destroy (break apart) all living, viable microorganisms and spores on a surface, in a fluid, or contained in a compound, such as culture media or a medical product.

sterling /ˈstɜː.lɪŋ/ /ˈstɝ.lɪŋ/ sterlings n
funt funt sterling funt szterling sterling szterling
The currency of the United Kingdom; especially the pound.

stern /stɜːn/ /stɝn/ sterner sternest adj
surowy
Having a hardness and severity of nature or manner.

stern /stɜːn/ /stɝn/ sterns n
rufa
(nautical) The rear part or after end of a ship or vessel.

steroid /ˈstɛɹɔɪd/ /ˈstɪəɹɔɪd/ steroids n
steroid
(biochemistry, organic compound) A class of organic compounds having a structure of 17 carbon atoms arranged in four rings; they are lipids, and occur naturally as sterols, bile acids, adrenal and sex hormones, and some vitamins; many drugs are synthetic steroids.

stethoscope /ˈstɛθəskəʊp/ /ˈstɛθəsˌkoʊp/ stethoscopes n
słuchawka stetoskop
(medicine) A medical instrument used for listening to sounds produced within the body.

stevia /ˈstiːvɪə/ /ˈstɛvɪə/ stevias n
skupnia stewia
Any of the sweet herbs of genus Stevia, native to tropical and subtropical regions of South America and western North America. [from 19th c.]
stewia stewiozyd
A sweetener, many times sweeter than an equal amount of sugar, extracted from Stevia rebaudiana, that can be substituted for sugar for some purposes.

stew /stjuː/ /stu/ /stʃuː/ /stʃʉː/ stews n
gulasz potrawka
(uncountable, countable) A dish cooked by stewing. [from 18th c.]

stew /stjuː/ /stu/ /stʃuː/ /stʃʉː/ v
dusić
(transitive, or, intransitive, or, ergative) To cook (food) by slowly boiling or simmering.

stewardess /stjuː.əˈdɛs/ /ˈstjuː.ə.dɛs/ /ˈstjuː.ə.dɪs/ /ˈstjʊə.dɪs/ /ˈstu.ɚ.dɪs/ /ˈstʊɹ.dɪs/ stewardesses stewardii n
stewardesa stewardessa
A female flight attendant (a member of the crew of an airplane who is responsible for the comfort and safety of its passengers).

sticharion sticharia sticharions n
sticharion
The outer clerical garb worn by clergy in the Greek Orthodox Church, corresponding to the alb in Latin-Rite Catholic Churches.

stichomythia /stɪkəˈmɪθɪə/ stichomythias n
stychomytia
(poetry) A technique in drama or poetry, in which alternating lines, or half-lines, are given to alternating characters, voices, or entities.

stick /stɪk/ sticks n
kij laska drążek kostur
A cane or walking stick (usually wooden, metal or plastic) to aid in walking.
kij pałka
A relatively long, thin piece of wood, of any size.
patyk gałązka
A small, thin branch from a tree or bush; a twig; a branch.
sterownica wolant
(aviation) The control column of an aircraft; a joystick. (By convention, a wheel-like control mechanism with a handgrip on opposite sides, similar to the steering wheel of an automobile, can also be called the "stick", although "yoke" or "control wheel" is more commonly seen.)
kij
(hockey) The potential accuracy of a hockey stick, implicating also the player using it.

stick /stɪk/ v
kleić przykleić przyklejać przylepiać przylepić
(dated, transitive) To bring to a halt; to stymie; to puzzle.
przykleić przyklejać przylepiać przylepić
(transitive, slang, dated) To impose upon; to compel to pay; sometimes, to cheat.

stick 'em up phraseologicalUnit
ręce do góry
A command stereotypically given by robbers, particularly when pointing a gun: Put your hands in the air! Surrender!

stick in the mud /ˈstɪk.ɪn.ðəˌmʌd/ stick in the muds sticks in the mud n
beton
(idiomatic, pejorative) More generally, one who is slow, old-fashioned, or unprogressive; an old fogey.

stick insect stick insects n
patyczak
Any of various insects of the order Phasmida that mimic sticks or twigs.

stick one's neck out v
nadstawiać karku nadstawić karku
(idiomatic) To take a risk, putting oneself in a vulnerable position.

stick one's nose in v
wsadzać nos wsadzić nos
(informal) To be nosy; to meddle or interfere in the affairs of another.

stick one's nose into v
wsadzać nos wsadzić nos
(idiomatic) To interfere or try to intervene in (an issue that does not concern one).

stick one's tongue out /stɪk wʌnz tʌŋ aʊt/ v
pokazać język
To push one's tongue so that it protrudes from the mouth, especially as a gesture of rudeness.

stick to one's guns v
obstawać przy swoim obstać przy swoim
(idiomatic, by extension) To maintain one’s position or viewpoint when faced with opposition.

stick to one's knitting v
nie wsadzać nos w nie swoje sprawy
(idiomatic) To concentrate on one's own tasks, affairs, area of expertise, etc., especially in order to avoid distraction, embarrassment, or other needless problems.

stick up one's ass n
mieć kija w dupie
(North America, vulgar, figuratively) A stiff, stern, uptight, or humorless manner.

sticker /ˈstɪkə/ /ˈstɪkɚ/ stickers n
kleiwo klej
Something or someone that sticks (pierces, or adheres).
nalepka naklejka
An adhesive label or decal.

stickiness stickinesses n
czepliwość kleistość lepkość przylepność
The property of sticking or adhering; adhesion.

stickler /ˈstɪk.lə/ sticklers n
pedant pedantka
Someone who insistently advocates for something, especially for strict observance of a formal rule. [from 17th c.]

sticky /ˈstɪki/ stickier stickiest adj
lepki
Tending to stick; able to adhere via the drying of a viscous substance.

sticky fingers n
lepkie ręce
(idiomatic) An inclination to steal.

stiff /stɪf/ stiffer stiffest adj
sztywny
(of an, object) Rigid; hard to bend; inflexible.

stiff neck stiff necks n
twardy kark
Discomfort or pain when trying to turn or move the neck.

stigma /ˈstɪɡmə/ stigmas stigmata n
piętno stygmat
A mark of infamy or disgrace.
stigma
(typography) A ligature of the Greek letters sigma and tau, (Ϛ/ϛ).
piętno znamię
A scar or birthmark.
stygmat
(Christianity, chiefly, _, in the plural, _, stigmata) A mark on the body corresponding to one of the wounds of the Crucifixion on Jesus' body, and sometimes reported to bleed periodically.

stiletto /stɪˈlɛtoʊ/ /stɪˈlɛtəʊ/ [stɪˈlɛɾoʊ] stiletti stilettoes stilettos n
sztylet
A small, slender knife or dagger-like weapon intended for stabbing.
szpilka
A woman's shoe with a tall, slender heel (called a stiletto heel).

stiletto heel stiletto heels n
szpilka
A heel of a shoe that is very high and narrow, at least 10 centimeters (4 inches).

still /stɪl/ [stɪɫ] more still most still stiller stillest adj
nieruchomy
Not moving; calm.
niegazowany
Not effervescing; not sparkling.

still /stɪl/ [stɪɫ] adv
jeszcze nadal wciąż ciągle dalej stale
(aspect) Up to a time, as in the preceding time.
jeszcze
(degree) To an even greater degree. Used to modify comparative adjectives or adverbs.

still /stɪl/ [stɪɫ] stills n
fotos
(photography) A photograph, as opposed to movie footage.

still life still lifes still lives n
martwa natura
(painting) A work of art depicting an arrangement of inanimate objects.

still waters run deep proverb
cicha woda brzegi rwie
A person with a calm appearance has, or may have, considerable inner emotion, character, or intellect.

stilt /stɪlt/ stilts n
szczudło
Either of two poles with footrests that allow someone to stand or walk above the ground; used mostly by entertainers.
A tall pillar or post used to support some structure; often above water.
szczudłak
Any of various wading birds of the genera Himantopus and Cladorhynchus, related to the avocet, that have extremely long legs and long thin bills.

stilt sandpiper stilt sandpipers n
biegus brodzcowaty
A type of sandpiper, (Calidris himantopus)

stilted /ˈstɪltɪd/ more stilted most stilted adj
nadęty nienaturalny paradny pompatyczny sztuczny wymuszony
(figuratively) Elevated or raised in a contrived or unnatural way; stiff and artificially formal or pompous; also, depending on redundant, unnecessary elements.

stiltwalker stiltwalkers n
szczudlarka szczudlarz
A person who walks on stilts.

stilyaga stilyagas stilyagi n
bikiniara bikiniarz

stimulant /ˈstɪmjʊlənt/ stimulants n
używka
(pharmaceutical drug) A substance that acts to increase physiological or nervous activity in the body.

stimulate /ˈstɪm.jəˌleɪt/ /ˈstɪm.jʊ.leɪt/ v
stymulować
To encourage into action.
To arouse an organism to functional activity.

stimulating more stimulating most stimulating adj
bodźcowy
Having a manner that stimulates.

stimulatingly more stimulatingly most stimulatingly adv
bodźcowo

stimulus /ˈstɪm.jə.ləs/ stimuli stimuluses n
bodziec
An external phenomenon that has an influence on a system, by triggering or modifying an internal phenomenon; for example, a spur or incentive that drives a person to take action or change behaviour.
(physiology, psychology, medicine) Something external that elicits or influences a physiological or psychological activity or response, or that affects any of the sensory apparatuses.

sting /stɪŋ/ stings n
ukąszenie
A bump left on the skin after having been stung.
A puncture made by an insect or arachnid in an attack, usually including the injection of venom.

sting /stɪŋ/ v
kąsać żądlić ukąsić użądlić
(transitive, of an insect or arachnid) To puncture with the stinger.

stinger /ˈstɪŋ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈstɪŋ.ɚ/ stingers n
żądło
A pointed portion of an insect or arachnid used for attack.

stinginess stinginesses n
skąpość
A lack of generosity; an excessive reluctance to spend money.

stingy /ˈstɪnd͡ʒi/ stingier stingiest adj
skąpy oszczędny
Unwilling to spend, give, or share; ungenerous; mean

stink /stɪŋk/ stinks n
smród odór
A strong bad smell.

stink /stɪŋk/ v
śmierdzieć cuchnąć capić jebać jechać trącić
(intransitive) To have a strong bad smell.
śmierdzieć
(intransitive) To give an impression of dishonesty, untruth, or sin.

stinkbomb stinkbombs n
bomba z cuchnącym gazem
A device that produces a burst of unpleasant odors.

stinker /ˈstɪŋ.kə(ɹ)/ /ˈstɪŋ.kɚ/ stinkers n
śmierdziel
One who stinks.

stinky /ˈstɪŋki/ more stinky most stinky stinkier stinkiest adj
śmierdzący
Having a strong, unpleasant smell; stinking.

stint /stɪnt/ v
skąpić
(intransitive) To be sparing or mean.

stipulation /ˌstɪp.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/ stipulations n
warunek zastrzeżenie
Something that is stated or stipulated as a condition of an agreement.

stipule /ˈstɪpjuːl/ stipules n
przylistek
(botany) A basal appendage of a typical leaf of a flowering plant, usually appearing paired beside the petiole although sometimes absent or highly modified.

stir /stɜː/ /stɝ/ stirs n
afera bigos
Public disturbance or commotion; tumultuous disorder; seditious uproar.

stir /stɜː/ /stɝ/ v
mieszać bełtać wymieszać zbełtać
(transitive) To disturb the relative position of the particles of (a liquid or similar) by passing an object through it.

stir the pot v
wsadzać kij w mrowisko wsadzić kij w mrowisko zamieszać
(figurative) To cause unrest or dissent.

stir up v
wzniecać wywoływać
(transitive) To arouse or excite (passion or action, etc.).

stirrup /ˈstɝ.əp/ /ˈstɪɹ.əp/ stirrups n
strzemię
(equestrianism) A ring or hoop suspended by a rope or strap from the saddle, for a horseman's foot while mounting or riding.
(by extension) Any piece shaped like the stirrup of a saddle, used as a support, clamp, etc.

stirrup cup stirrup cups n
strzemienny
(historical) A parting drink taken after mounting one's horse.

stitch /stɪt͡ʃ/ stitches n
oczko ścieg
A single pass of a needle in sewing; the loop or turn of the thread thus made.
ścieg splot
An arrangement of stitches in sewing, or method of stitching in some particular way or style.
An arrangement of stitches in knitting, or method of knitting in some particular way or style.
kolka
(countable, and, uncountable) An intense stabbing pain under the lower edge of the ribcage, brought on by exercise or laughing.

stitchwort stitchworts n
wiazdnica wielkokwiatowa
A kind of chickweed, Rabelera holostea.

stochastic /stəˈkæstɪk/ /ˈstoʊkæstɪk/ /ˈstoʊt͡ʃæstɪk/ /ˈstəʉkæstɪk/ more stochastic most stochastic adj
stochastyczny
Random, randomly determined.

stochastic matrix stochastic matrices n
macierz stochastyczna
(linear algebra, probability theory, statistics) A matrix having the property that the entries in each column are non-negative, real and sum to 1.

stochastic process stochastic processes n
proces stochastyczny
(mathematics, probability theory) A function that maps elements of an index set to elements of a collection of random variables; historically, a collection of random variables indexed by a set of numbers usually regarded as points in time.

stochastics n
stochastyka
(mathematics) The branch of statistics that deals with stochastic systems

stock /stɑk/ /stɒk/ stocken stocks n
asortyment sortyment
(operations) A store of goods ready for sale; inventory.
bulion
(cooking, uncountable, countable) Broth made from meat (originally bones) or vegetables, used as a basis for stew or soup.
A piece of black cloth worn under a clerical collar.
kolba
(firearm) The part of a rifle or shotgun that rests against the shooter's shoulder.
halsztuk
A necktie or cravat, particularly a wide necktie popular in the eighteenth century, often seen today as a part of formal wear for horse riding competitions.

stock character stock characters n
stereotypowa postać fikcyjna
(writing, theatre, cinema) Any fictional character drawn from some stereotype who is instantly recognizable.

stock dove stock doves n
gołąb siniak siniak
A pigeon of species Columba oenas, found in much of Europe, in the family Columbidae of pigeons and doves).

stock exchange stock exchanges n
giełda
A building that trades stocks in of companies for money and vice versa.
An organisation that trades stocks in of companies for money and vice versa.

stock market stock markets n
giełda
A market for the trading of company stock.

stockbroker stockbrokers n
broker
(finance) A person who buys and sells shares (stock) on a stock exchange on behalf of clients. May also provide investment advice and/or company information, depending on the level of service offered (or chosen by the client).

stockfish /ˈstɒkfɪʃ/ stockfish stockfishes n
sztokfisz stokfisz
A cod (or similar fish) having been cut open and cured in the open air without salt.

stocking /ˈstɑkɪŋ/ /ˈstɒkɪŋ/ stockings n
pończocha
A broad ring of a different fur colour on the lower part of the leg of a quadruped.

stockpile /ˈstɑkˌpaɪl/ /ˈstɒkpaɪl/ stockpiles n
zapas zapasy
A supply (especially a large one) of something kept for future use, specifically in case the cost of the item increases or if there a shortage.

stockpile /ˈstɑkˌpaɪl/ /ˈstɒkpaɪl/ v
gromadzić zapasy
To accumulate or build up a supply of (something).

stocks /stɑks/ /stɒks/ n
dyby
(plurale tantum) A device, similar to a pillory, formerly used for public humiliation and punishment.

stocktaking stocktakings n
inwentaryzacja
the act of taking an inventory of merchandise etc.

stocky stockier stockiest adj
krępy
(of a person or an animal) Sturdy; solidly built; heavy and compact.

stodgy /ˈstɒ.d͡ʒi/ more stodgy most stodgy stodgier stodgiest adj
ciężki ciężkostrawny
(of food) Having a thick, semi-solid consistency; glutinous; heavy on the stomach.

stoic /ˈstoʊɪk/ /ˈstəʊɪk/ more stoic most stoic adj
stoicki
Not affected by pain or distress.

stoichiometric adj
stechiometryczny
Of, or relating to stoichiometry.

stoichiometry /ˌstɔɪ.kiˈɒm.ə.tɹi/ stoichiometries n
stechiometria
(uncountable, chemistry) The study and calculation of quantitative (measurable) relationships of the reactants and products in chemical reactions (chemical equations).

stoker /ˈstoʊkɚ/ /ˈstəʊkə/ stokers n
palacz palacz kotłowy
A person who stokes, especially one on a steamship or steam train, who stokes coal in the boilers.

stola stolae stolas n
stola
(historical) The traditional garment of women in Ancient Rome, corresponding to the toga worn by men.

stole /ˈstoʊl/ /ˈstəʊl/ stoles n
stuła
A garment consisting of a decorated band worn on the back of the neck, each end hanging over the chest, worn in ecclesiastical settings or sometimes as a part of graduation dress.
etola
A scarf-like garment, often made of fur.

stolen /ˈstəʊlən/ adj
ukradziony
That has been stolen.

stomach /ˈstɐmək/ /ˈstɐmɪk/ /ˈstʌmək/ stomachs n
żołądek
An organ in animals that stores food in the process of digestion.
brzuch żywot
(informal) The belly.

stomach cancer stomach cancers n
rak żołądka
(oncology) cancer of the stomach(s).

stomachache /ˈstʌməkˌeɪk/ stomachaches n
ból brzucha
A pain in the abdomen, often caused by indigestion. (The pain is usually lower than the stomach and related to the intestines.)

stomatologist stomatologists n
stomatolog stomatolożka
(medicine) A practitioner of stomatology.

stomatology n
stomatologia
(medicine) The study of the mouth and its disorders and diseases; increasingly called oral medicine in current usage.

stomp /stɑmp/ /stɒmp/ v
deptać
(transitive) To crush grapes with one's feet to make wine

stone /stoʊn/ /stɐʉn/ /stəʊn/ adj
kamienny kamień
Constructed of stone.

stone /stoʊn/ /stɐʉn/ /stəʊn/ stone stones n
kamień
(uncountable) A hard earthen substance that can form large rocks.
(British) A unit of mass equal to 14 pounds (≈6.3503 kilograms), formerly used for various commodities (wool, cheese, etc.), but now principally used for personal weight. Abbreviated as st.
(medicine) A hard, stone-like deposit.
kamyk kamień
A small piece of stone, a pebble.
pestka
(botany) The central part of some fruits, particularly drupes; consisting of the seed and a hard endocarp layer.

stone /stoʊn/ /stɐʉn/ /stəʊn/ v
kamienować ukamienować
(transitive) To pelt with stones, especially to kill by pelting with stones.
drylować
(transitive) To remove a stone from (fruit etc.).

stone bramble stone brambles n
kamionka
A plant species of the genus Rubus, Rubus saxatilis.

stone curlew /stəʊnˈkɜːlju/ stone curlews n
kulon
Any of several species of large terrestrial birds in the family Burhinidae.

stone deaf adj
głuchy jak pień
(idiomatic) Utterly deaf.

stone loach stone loaches n
śliz pospolity
Barbatula barbatula, a species of ray-finned fish in the family Nemacheilidae or subfamily Nemacheilinae in family Balitoridae (hillstream loaches).

stone's throw stone's throws n
rzut beretem rzut kamieniem
(idiomatic) A short distance, roughly equivalent to how far a person can throw a stone.

stonechat stonechats n
kląskawka
Any of various small Old World passerine birds of the genus Saxicola that feed on insects.

stonecrop stonecrops n
rozchodnik
Any of various succulent plants of the Crassulaceae family, native to temperate zones, especially in genus Sedum

stonefish stonefish stonefishes n
synanceja szkaradnica
A venomous tropical marine fish resembling a piece of rock, of the genus Synanceia, found in the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean

stonen more stonen most stonen adj
kamienny
(archaic) Consisting or made of stone.

stoneseed stoneseeds n
nawrot
Any plant of the genus Lithospermum, herbs having a fruit composed of four stony nutlets.

stoneware stonewares n
kamionka
A type of pottery that is fired at a high temperature and is dense, opaque and nonporous.

stony /ˈstoʊni/ /ˈstəʊni/ stonier stoniest adj
kamienny
As hard as stone.
kamienisty
Containing or made up of stones.

stooge /stuːd͡ʒ/ stooges n
marionetka pionek

stool /stuːl/ stools n
stolec kał
stołek taboret
(now, chiefly, dialectal, Scotland) A seat with a back; a chair.
(dated) A close-stool; a seat used for urination and defecation: a chamber pot, commode, outhouse seat, or toilet.

stool pigeon stool pigeons n
kabel kapuś
(slang, obsolete) A decoy used in a crooked gambling game.

stoop /stuːp/ v
nachylać się nachylić się pochylać się pochylić się schylać się schylić się
To bend the upper part of the body forward and downward to a half-squatting position; crouch.
zniżać się zniżyć się
To lower oneself; to demean or do something below one's status, standards, or morals.

stop /stɑp/ /stɒp/ stops n
przystanek
A (usually marked) place where buses, trams or trains halt to let passengers get on and off, usually smaller than a station.

stop /stɑp/ /stɒp/ v
przestać
(intransitive) Not to continue.
zatrzymać zatrzymać się
(transitive) To cause (something) to cease moving or progressing.
zatrzymać się
(intransitive) To stay; to spend a short time; to reside or tarry temporarily.

stop by v
wstąpić wstępować
To pay a visit briefly and informally.

stop sign stop signs n
stop
A sign by the side of a road or street, often at an intersection, instructing vehicle drivers to stop.

stop someone in their tracks v
zatrzymać zatrzymywać

stop the car phraseologicalUnit
zatrzymaj samochódǃ
When giving directions to a person (for example, a taxi driver), indicates that he or she should stop the vehicle.

stop thief interjection
zatrzymaj się złodzieju

stopgap /ˈstɑpˌɡæp/ /ˈstɒpɡæp/ stopgaps n
prowizorka zapchajdziura
A short-term fix or temporary measure used until something better can be obtained; that which serves as an expedient in an emergency; a band-aid solution.

stopover stopovers n
postój przerwa (w podróży)
A short interruption in a journey or the place visited during such an interruption.

stopper /ˈstɑ.pɚ/ /ˈstɒp.ə/ /ˈstɔp.ə/ stoppers n
bloker
A type of knot at the end of a rope, to prevent it from unravelling.

stopwatch stopwatches n
sekundomierz stoper
A timepiece designed to measure the amount of time elapsed between a particular time when activated and when the piece is deactivated.

storage /ˈstɔ.ɹɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈstɔː.ɹɪd͡ʒ/ storages n
przechowalnia schowek skład składnica składzik zbiornica
(usually, countable) An object or place in which something is stored.

storage device storage devices n
urządzenie pamięci masowej
(computer hardware) A piece of hardware whose main function is to store data.

storage medium storage media n
nośnik danych

storage organ storage organs n
organ spichrzowy
(botany) A part of a plant, such as a bulb, specifically modified for storage of energy (generally in the form of carbohydrates) or of water.

storax storaxes n
styrak styrakowiec
Any member of the genus Styrax of trees and shrubs.

store /sto(ː)ɹ/ /stoə/ /stɔɹ/ /stɔː/ stores n
magazyn skład
A place where items may be accumulated or routinely kept.
zapas
A supply held in storage.

store /sto(ː)ɹ/ /stoə/ /stɔɹ/ /stɔː/ v
przechowywać przechować
(transitive) To keep (something) while not in use, generally in a place meant for that purpose.

store manager store managers n
kierownik sklepu
The manager who is directly responsible for a store.

stored-value card stored-value cards n
karta przedpłacona

storeroom storerooms n
magazynek składzik
A room used for storage.

storey /ˈstɔːɹi/ /ˈstɔːɹɪ/ storeys stories n
piętro kondygnacja poziom
A floor or level of a building or ship.

stork /stɔɹk/ /stɔːk/ storks n
bocian bociek bocianica
A large wading bird with long legs and a long beak of the family Ciconiidae.
bocian
(children's folklore) The mythical bringer of babies to families, or good news.

storklike more storklike most storklike adj
bocianowaty

storkling /ˈstoːɹklɪŋ/ /ˈstoːɻklɪŋ/ /ˈstɒːɹklɪŋ/ /ˈstɔɹklɪŋ/ /ˈstɔːklɪŋ/ storklings n
bocianię
The young of a stork.

storksbill storksbills n
iglica
Any plant of genus Erodium.

storm /stɔɹm/ /stɔːm/ storms n
sztorm burza
Any disturbed state of the atmosphere causing destructive or unpleasant weather, especially one affecting the earth's surface involving strong winds (leading to high waves at sea) and usually lightning, thunder, and precipitation; a tempest.
szturm
(military) A violent assault on a fortified position or stronghold.

storm /stɔɹm/ /stɔːm/ v
szturmować
(chiefly, military) To violently assault (a fortified position or stronghold, a building, etc.) with the aim of gaining control of it.

storm drain storm drains n
burzowiec
(US) An access point or conduit for rainwater that drains directly downstream in a (drainage) basin without going through sewers or water treatment in order to prevent or belay floods

stormtrooper /ˈstɔːmtɹuːpə/ stormtroopers n
szturmowiec
A soldier trained in special infiltration tactics.

stormy /ˈstɔɹmi/ stormier stormiest adj
burzowy
Characterized by, or proceeding from, a storm; subject to storms; agitated with strong winds and heavy rain.
burzliwy
Violent; passionate; rough.

story /ˈstɔ.ɹi/ /ˈstɔː.ɹi/ stories n
historia opowieść
An account of real or fictional events.

story arc /ˈstɔː.ɹi ɑɹk/ /ˈstɔː.ɹi ɑːk/ story arcs n
akcja
An extended or continuing storyline in episodic storytelling media such as television or comic books.

storyless adj
afabularny

storylessly adv
afabularnie

storylessness n
afabularność

storyteller storytellers n
baj bajacz bajaczka bajarka bajarz bajduła
A person who relates stories through one medium or another to an audience
bajarka bajarz
A liar; a fibber.

storytelling storytellings n
bajarstwo gawędziarstwo

stout /staʊt/ /stʌʊt/ stouter stoutest adj
tęgi
Large; bulky.

stoutness stoutnesses n
tusza
(usually, uncountable) The state or quality of being stout.

stove /stoʊv/ /stəʊv/ stoves n
kuchenka
A device for heating food, (UK) a cooker.
piecyk kuchenka
(dated) A house or room artificially warmed or heated.

stowage stowages n
arymaż
The act or practice of stowing.

stowaway /ˈstəʊəˌweɪ/ stowaways n
pasażer na gapę ślepy pasażer
A person who hides on board a ship, train, etc. so as to get a free passage.

strabismus /stɹəˈbɪzməs/ strabismuses n
zez
A defect of vision in which one eye cannot focus with the other on an object because of imbalance of the eye muscles; a squint.

stracciatella /ˌstɹæt͡ʃəˈtɛlə/ /ˌstɹɑt͡ʃi.əˈtɛlə/ stracciatellas n
stracciatella straciatella
an Italian soup made by dribbling a mixture of Parmesan cheese and beaten egg into hot broth
a type of Italian milk-based ice cream with chocolate shavings

straddle /ˈstɹæd.l̩/ straddles n
rozkrok
A posture in which one straddles something.

straggler /ˈstɹæɡlə/ /ˈstɹæɡlɚ/ /ˈstɹæɡl̩ɚ/ stragglers n
maruder maruderka
One who falls behind the rest, for example in a race.

straight /stɹeɪt/ straighter straightest adj
prosty
Not crooked, curly, or bent; having a constant direction throughout its length. [from 14th c.]
(of a path, trajectory, etc.) Direct, undeviating. [from 15th c.]
(engineering, of an internal-combustion engine) Having all cylinders in a single straight line; in-line.
hetero
(slang, sex work) Related to conventional sexual intercourse.

straight /stɹeɪt/ more straight most straight adv
prosto
Of a direction relative to the subject, precisely; as if following a direct line.

straight /stɹeɪt/ straights n
strit
(poker) Five cards in sequence.

straight A adj
piątkowy
(education) Pertaining to one who makes straight As.

straight ahead adv
prosto
directly ahead, without deviation

straight and narrow n
iść prostą drogą prosta droga pójść prostą drogą

straight angle straight angles n
kąt półpełny
(maths, geometry) An angle that is equal to 180° (pi radians or two right angles).

straight flush straight flushes n
poker
(poker) A hand that is both straight (the cards are all in sequence) and flush (the cards are all of the same suit).

straighten up and fly right v
poważnieć spoważnieć
(colloquial) To start behaving properly; get one's act together.

straightener /ˈstɹeɪt(ə)nɚ/ straighteners n
prostownica
A pair of metal tongs with heated ceramic plates used for straightening hair.

straightforward more straightforward most straightforward adj
bezpośredni prostolinijny
(figurative) direct; forthright; frank; sincere

straightforwardly more straightforwardly most straightforwardly adv
prostolinijnie
In a straightforward manner.

straightly more straightly most straightly adv
prosto
In a straight manner; without curve or bend.

strain /stɹeɪn/ strains n
szczep
(archaic) Race; lineage, pedigree.
szczep odmiana rasa
(biology) A particular variety of a microbe, virus, or other organism, usually a taxonomically infraspecific one.

strainer /ˈstɹeɪnɚ/ strainers n
cedzak sito
A device through which a liquid is passed for purification, filtering or separation from solid matter; anything (including a screen or a cloth) used to strain a liquid.
A perforated screen or openwork (usually at the end of a suction pipe of a pump), used to prevent solid bodies from mixing in a liquid stream or flowline.
One who strains.

strait /stɹeɪt/ straits n
cieśnina
(geography) A narrow channel of water connecting two larger bodies of water.

straitjacket /ˈstɹeɪtˌd͡ʒækɪt/ straitjackets n
kaftan bezpieczeństwa
A jacket-like garment with very long sleeves which can be secured in place, thus preventing the wearer from moving his or her arms. Often used in psychiatric hospitals to prevent patients from injuring themselves or others.

strand /stɹænd/ [stɹɛənd] strands n
plaża
The shore or beach of the sea or ocean.

strange /stɹeɪnd͡ʒ/ stranger strangest adj
dziwny osobliwy cudaczny nienormalny niezwyczajny
Not normal; odd, unusual, surprising, out of the ordinary.
obcy
Unfamiliar, not yet part of one's experience.
(obsolete) Belonging to another country; foreign.
dziwny
(particle physics) Having the quantum mechanical property of strangeness.

strange bird strange birds n
dziwoląg
An unusual person, especially an individual with an idiosyncratic personality or peculiar behavioral characteristics.

strangely /ˈstɹeɪnd͡ʒli/ more strangely most strangely adv
dziwnie dziwacznie
In a strange or coincidental manner.

stranger /ˈstɹeɪnd͡ʒə/ /ˈstɹeɪnd͡ʒɚ/ strangers n
obcy nieznajomy nieznajoma
A person whom one does not know; a person who is neither a friend nor an acquaintance.
cudzoziemiec cudzoziemka
An outsider or foreigner.
przybysz przybyszka
A newcomer.

stranglehold strangleholds n
kontrola nad sytuacją
A grip or control so strong as to stifle or cut off.

strangler /ˈstɹæŋɡ(ə)lə/ stranglers n
dusiciel
Someone who strangles, especially who murders by strangling.

strangles /ˈstɹæŋɡ(ə)lz/ /ˈstɹæŋɡəlz/ n
zołzy
A disease of horses caused by an infection by the bacterium Streptococcus equi.

strangulation strangulations n
uduszenie
The act of strangling or the state of being strangled.

strap /stɹæp/ straps n
ramiączko rzemień
A piece of leather, or strip of wood covered with a suitable material, used to hone the sharpened edge of a razor; a strop.

stratagem /ˈstɹæt.ə.d͡ʒəm/ stratagems n
chwyt fortel zagrywka
Specifically, such a tactic or artifice in military operation.

strategic /stɹəˈtiː.d͡ʒɪk/ more strategic most strategic adj
strategiczny
Of or pertaining to strategy.
Of or relating to military operations that are more large-scale or long-range than local or tactical ones.

strategically more strategically most strategically adv
strategicznie
In a strategic manner.

strategist /ˈstɹætəd͡ʒɪst/ strategists n
strateg
A person who devises strategies.

strategy /ˈstɹæt.ə.d͡ʒi/ strategies n
strategia
(uncountable) The science and art of military command as applied to the overall planning and conduct of warfare.
(countable) A plan of action intended to accomplish a specific goal.
(uncountable) The act of strategizing; the development of effective strategies.

stratigraphy /stɹəˈtɪɡ.ɹəfi/ /ˈstɹæt.əˌɡɹæf.i/ stratigraphies n
stratygrafia
(geology) The study of rock layers and the layering process (stratification).

stratosphere stratospheres n
stratosfera
(meteorology) The region of the uppermost atmosphere where temperature increases along with the altitude due to the absorption of solar ultraviolet radiation by ozone. The stratosphere extends from the tropopause (10–15 kilometers) to approximately 50 kilometers, where it is succeeded by the mesosphere.

stratovolcano stratovolcanoes stratovolcanos n
stratowulkan
(vulcanology) A tall conical volcano, composed of layers (or strata) of hardened lava, tephra and ash.

stratum /ˈstɹaː.təm/ /ˈstɹeɪ.təm/ /ˈstɹæt.əm/ /ˈstɹɑː.təm/ [ˈstɹeɪ.ɾəm] [ˈstɹæɾ.əm] strata stratums n
piętro warstwa
(ecology) A layer of vegetation, usually of similar height.

straw /stɹɑ/ /stɹɔ/ /stɹɔː/ adj
słomiany
Made of straw.

straw /stɹɑ/ /stɹɔ/ /stɹɔː/ straws n
słomka słoma
(countable) A dried stalk of a cereal plant.
słoma
(uncountable) Such dried stalks considered collectively; this bulk matter may be a chief salable product, a by-product, fodder, bedding, or green manure, depending on region and on current market conditions.

straw mushroom straw mushrooms n
grzyb słomkowy
A small, edible mushroom used primarily in the cuisines of East and Southeast Asia, Volvariella volvacea.

strawberry /ˈstɹɑˌbɛɹi/ /ˈstɹɔˌbɛɹi/ /ˈstɹɔːb(ə)ɹi/ strawberrier strawberriest adj
truskawkowy
Of a colour similar to the colour of strawberry-flavoured products.

strawberry /ˈstɹɑˌbɛɹi/ /ˈstɹɔˌbɛɹi/ /ˈstɹɔːb(ə)ɹi/ strawberries n
truskawka poziomka
The sweet, usually red, edible fruit of certain plants of the genus Fragaria.
Any plant of the genus Fragaria (that bears such fruit).
truskawka poziomka truskawkowy
A dark pinkish red colour, like that of the fruit; strawberry red.

strawberry saxifrage n
skalnica rozłogowa
Saxifraga stolonifera, a perennial flowering plant.

strawberry tree strawberry trees n
chruścina jagodna poziomkowiec
A cane apple, an evergreen shrub or small tree (Arbutus unedo), in family Ericaceae, native to the Mediterranean region and western Europe north to western France and Ireland, which bears fruits which resemble strawberries.
Any of the other species of Arbutus, native to Europe and temperate North America, especially

strawen /ˈstɹɔːən/ adj
słomiany
(archaic) Made of straw.

stray /stɹeɪ/ adj
bezdomny bezpański zbłąkany
Having gone astray; strayed; wandering

stray /stɹeɪ/ v
błądzić zabłądzić zbłądzić
(intransitive) To wander, as from a direct course; to deviate, or go out of the way.
(intransitive) To wander from the path of duty or rectitude; to err.

stray bullet stray bullets n
zbłąkana kula
A bullet that, after being fired from a gun, hits an unintended target.

stray dog stray dogs n
bezpański pies zabłąkany pies

streak /stɹiːk/ streaks n
passa
A continuous series of like events.

streak-backed antshrike streak-backed antshrikes n
chronka wenezuelska
a passerine bird of the antbird family, Thamnophilus insignis.

stream /stɹiːm/ streams n
potok rzeczka strumień ciek
A small river; a large creek; a body of moving water confined by banks.
strumień
(computing) A source or repository of data that can be read or written only sequentially.

stream of consciousness streams of consciousness n
strumień świadomości
A literary device that seeks to describe this process by means of a long, unstructured soliloquy.

streamer /ˈstɹiːmɚ/ streamers n
proporczyk proporzec wimpel
A long, narrow flag, or piece of material used or seen as a decoration.

street /stɹit/ /stɹiːt/ [skɹitˀ] [ʃkɹitˀ] [ʃtɹ̠̊iʔ] [ˈʃt͡ʃɹitˀ] streets n
ulica
A paved part of road, usually in a village or a town.

street corner street corners n
róg ulicy
The corner of a street, usually where two streets meet at an intersection.

street racing n
wyścigów ulicznych
Motorsport or auto racing held on public roads.

street sign street signs n
tablica ulicowa
a sign showing the name of a street, usually placed at a street corner.

street smarts n
wiedza praktyczna
(informal) Practical knowledge, especially concerning human behavior.

street sweeper street sweepers n
zamiatacz
A person who is employed to sweep streets, pavements, and gutters, keeping them clear of litter.
zamiatarka
A machine used to sweep streets.

street urchin street urchins n
ulicznik
(British, obsolescent) A child who lives, or spends most of his or her time, in the streets; sometimes a petty thief or pickpocket.

street-smart more street-smart most street-smart adj
praktycznie mądry
Having practical rather than theoretical knowledge, like that learned on the streets rather than in the classroom.

streetfight streetfights n
walka uliczna

streetlight streetlights n
latarnia uliczna
(countable) Any large outdoor light used to illuminate a public area, usually urban.

strength /stɹɛŋkθ/ /stɹɛŋθ/ [st̠͡ɹ̠eɪŋkθ] [st̠͡ɹ̠ɛn̪θ] [st̠͡ɹ̠ɛŋkθ] [st̠͡ɹ̠ɛɪŋkθ] [st̠͡ɹ̠ɪŋkθ] strengths n
siła moc
The quality or degree of being strong.
mocna strona zaleta
A positive attribute.

strengthen /ˈstɹɛnθən/ /ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/ /ˈʃt͡ʃɹeɪŋ(k)θən/ v
wzmocnić pokrzepiać stawać się coraz silniejszym stawać się mocniejszym wzmacniać
(transitive) To make strong or stronger; to add strength to; to increase the strength of; to fortify.

strengthening strengthenings n
wzmacniająca
The process by which something is strengthened.

strenuous /ˈstɹɛnjuəs/ more strenuous most strenuous adj
żmudny
(of a task) Requiring great exertion; very laborious.

streptococcus streptococci n
paciorkowiec
A spherical, gram-positive bacterium of the genus Streptococcus. Although commonly found benignly in the human mouth and gut, and though many species are non-pathogenic, other species can cause diseases including strep throat and more serious conditions.

stress /stɹɛs/ stresses n
naprężenie
(countable, physics) The internal distribution of force across a small boundary per unit area of that boundary (pressure) within a body. It causes strain or deformation and is typically symbolised by σ or τ.
stres
(uncountable) Emotional pressure suffered by a human being or other animal.
emfaza nacisk
(uncountable) Emphasis placed on a particular point in an argument or discussion (whether spoken or written).

stress /stɹɛs/ v
akcentować podkreślać podkreślić zaakcentować
(transitive) To emphasise (a syllable of a word).
(transitive) To emphasise (words in speaking).
(transitive) To emphasise (a point) in an argument or discussion.

stressed /stɹɛst/ more stressed most stressed adj
akcentowany
(phonetics) Having a stress or accent.

stressful /ˈstɹɛsfəl/ more stressful most stressful adj
stresujący
Irritating; causing stress.

stretch /stɹɛt͡ʃ/ stretches n
rozciąganie
An act of stretching.
elastyczność rozciągalność rozciągliwość
The ability to lengthen when pulled.
odcinek
A segment of a journey or route.

stretch mark stretch marks n
rozstęp
(dermatology) Any of a series of red, irregular stripes on the surface of the skin caused by rapid growth of the tissues lying just underneath. They usually appear as a result of pregnancy, puberty or obesity, but can also be caused by rapid muscle growth.

stretcher /ˈstɹɛt͡ʃə/ /ˈstɹɛt͡ʃɚ/ stretchers n
nosze
A simple litter designed to carry a sick, injured, or dead person.
blejtram krosna malarskie
A frame on which a canvas is stretched for painting.

stretcher-bearer stretcher-bearers n
noszowy
A person who carries, or helps to carry, injured or dead people on a stretcher.

strew /stɹu/ /stɹuː/ v
rozrzucić
(dated, except strewn) To distribute objects or pieces of something over an area, especially in a random manner.

striated muscle striated muscles n
mięsień prążkowany
Muscle tissue that appears striped under the microscope as a result of the myofibrils being organized into regular units (sarcomeres).

strict /stɹɪkt/ stricter strictest adj
srogi surowy
Severe in discipline.

strictly /ˈstɹɪktli/ more strictly most strictly strictlier strictliest adv
surowo
In a strict manner.
tylko wyłącznie
In a limited manner; only
dokładnie sensu stricto stricte ściśle
In a narrow or limited sense.
surowo tylko wyłącznie
(maths) In a manner that applies to every member of a set or every interval of a function

strictly speaking more strictly speaking most strictly speaking adv
ściśle mówiąc
Being totally accurate.

stricto sensu phraseologicalUnit
stricto sensu ściśle mówiąc
In the narrow sense; narrowly.

stride /stɹaɪd/ strides n
krok
(countable) A long step in walking.

stride /stɹaɪd/ v
kroczyć
(intransitive) To walk with long steps.

strider striders n
wędrowiec
One who strides.

strife /stɹaɪf/ strifes n
konflikt kłótnia niesnaska
Bitter conflict, sometimes violent.

strike /stiː.ɹaɪk/ /stɹaɪk/ [stiː.ɹ̠ʌɪ̯k(ʰ)] strikes n
strajk
A work stoppage (or otherwise concerted stoppage of an activity) as a form of protest.
uderzenie
A blow or application of physical force against something.

strike /stiː.ɹaɪk/ /stɹaɪk/ [stiː.ɹ̠ʌɪ̯k(ʰ)] v
strajkować trafiać
(transitive) To give, as a blow; to impel, as with a blow; to give a force to; to dash; to cast.

strike a chord v
grać na strunie zagrać na strunie
(idiomatic) To elicit a significant reaction, especially one which is favorable or sympathetic.

strike gold v
trafiać na żyłę złota trafić na żyłę złota
(literally) To find gold.
(informal) To be lucky, to win or be successful.

strike while the iron is hot v
kuć żelazo, póki gorące kuj żelazo póki gorące
(idiomatic) To act on an opportunity promptly while favorable conditions exist; to avoid waiting.

strikebreaker strikebreakers n
łamistrajk
A non-unionized worker hired to replace a striking union worker.

strikebreaking strikebreakings n
łamistrajkostwo
Activity intended to disrupt or end a strike without an agreement by workers.

striker /ˈstɹaɪkə/ /ˈstɹaɪkɚ/ strikers n
bijnik
(firearms, military) A mechanism of a firearm acting upon the firing pin.

striking /ˈstɹaɪkɪŋ/ more striking most striking adj
uderzający
Making a strong impression.

strikingly more strikingly most strikingly adv
uderzająco
(manner) In a striking way.

string /stɹɪŋ/ strings n
sznurek
(countable) A long, thin and flexible structure made from threads twisted together.
struna
(musical instrument) A segment of wire (typically made of plastic or metal) or other material used as vibrating element on a musical instrument.
(countable) Any similar long, thin and flexible object.
(countable, physics) A tiny one-dimensional string-like entity, the main object of study in string theory, a branch of theoretical physics.

string bean string beans n
fasola szparagowa fasolka szparagowa
Any long, slender green bean.
dryblas
(figuratively) A tall and thin person.

string quartet string quartets n
kwartet smyczkowy
(music) A group of four musicians playing string instruments, usually two violins, a viola and a cello.

string quintet string quintets n
kwintet smyczkowy
(music) a group of five musicians playing string instruments, usually adding a second viola or cello to the string quartet's formation.
(music) a musical composition for such a group

string theory string theories n
teoria strun
(physics) A candidate unified theory of all physical forces and particles; a theory which suggests that subatomic particles are one-dimensional strings rather than zero-dimensional points. It also suggests that space-time can have up to nine dimensions, plus the dimension of time.

string to one's bow strings to one's bow n
zdolność
(idiomatic) A skill, ability or resource.

string trimmer /ˌstɹɪŋ ˈtɹɪmə/ /ˌstɹɪŋ ˈtɹɪmɚ/ string trimmers n
podkaszarka
(horticulture) A powered, hand-held garden implement that uses a rotating monofilament line to cut grass, etc., without damaging other objects.

stringed instrument stringed instruments n
instrument strunowy

strip /stɹɪp/ v
rozbierać rozebrać
(transitive) To take away something from (someone or something); to plunder; to divest.

strip club strip clubs n
klub ze striptizem
An establishment offering striptease or other erotic dancing.

stripe /stɹaɪp/ /stɹʌɪp/ stripes n
pasek
A long region of a single colour in a repeating pattern of similar regions.

stripe-breasted tit stripe-breasted tits n
sikora smużkowa
Melaniparus fasciiventer, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

striped /stɹaɪpt/ adj
pasiasty paskowany
Having stripes, decorated or marked with bands differing in color.

striped hyena /ˌstɹaɪpt haɪˈiːnə/ striped hyenas n
hiena pręgowana
The smallest of the true hyenas, Hyaena hyaena.

striped skunk striped skunks n
skunks zwyczajny
A carnivore of the species Mephitis mephitis, known for the persistent pungent aroma of the scent it sprays when threatened.

stripling /ˈstɹɪplɪŋ/ striplings n
wyrostek
(archaic, also, attributive, sometimes, humorous) A young man in the state of adolescence, or just passing from boyhood to manhood; a lad. [from 14th c.].

stripper /stɹɪpə/ /stɹɪpɚ/ /ʃkɹɪpə/ strippers n
striptizer striptizerka
Someone who removes their clothing in a sexually provocative manner, especially as a form of paid entertainment.

striptease stripteases n
striptiz
The act of slowly taking off one's clothes to sexually arouse the viewer, often accompanied by music and in exchange for money.

strive /ˈstɹaɪv/ v
dążyć pragnąć przykładać się starać się usiłować
To try to achieve a result; to make strenuous effort; to try earnestly and persistently.

stroboscope stroboscopes n
stroboskop
Instrument for studying or observing periodic movement by rendering a moving body visible only at regular intervals.

stroke /stɹoʊk/ /stɹəʊk/ strokes n
cios
An act of hitting; a blow, a hit.
cios pociągnięcie
(golf) A single act of striking at the ball with a club; also, at matchplay, a shot deducted from a player's score at a hole as a result of a handicapping system.
pociągnięcie
A single movement with a tool; also, an impact of a tool on an object.
(music) A bow or pluck of a string or strings of a stringed instrument; also, the manner in which a musical instrument is played; hence, a melody, a tune.
głaskanie
An act of moving one's hand or an object along a surface in one direction, touching it lightly; a caress.
skok suw
(technology) A single movement or thrust of a part (such as a piston) of a machine that moves back and forth; also, the length of this movement.
styl
(swimming) A specific combination of movements of the arms and legs which, when repeated, causes the swimmer to advance through the water; also, the manner in which such movements are made; a swimming style.
kreska
A movement of a brush in painting, of a chisel in carving, of a pen, pencil, or such implement in drawing or writing, etc., in one direction; hence, a line or mark made on a surface by such an implement.
apopleksja udar mózgu wylew
(medicine) The loss of brain function arising when the blood supply to the brain is suddenly interrupted.

stroke /stɹoʊk/ /stɹəʊk/ v
gładzić głaskać pogłaskać wygładzić
To move one's hand or an object (such as a broom or brush) along (a surface) in one direction, touching it lightly; to caress.

stroke of luck strokes of luck n
łut szczęścia

stroll /stɹoʊl/ /stɹəʊl/ strolls n
spacer przechadzka
A wandering on foot; an idle and leisurely walk; a ramble.

stroll /stɹoʊl/ /stɹəʊl/ v
spacerować przechadzać
To wander on foot; to ramble idly or leisurely; to rove.

stroller strollers n
wózek
(US, Canada, Australia) A seat or chair on wheels, pushed by somebody walking behind it, typically used for transporting babies and young children.
spacerowicz spacerowiczka
One who strolls.

strong /stɹɑŋ/ /stɹɒŋ/ /stɹɔŋ/ [st̠͡ɹ̠ɑŋ] [st̠͡ɹ̠ɒŋ] [st̠͡ɹ̠ɔŋ] [ʃt̠͡ɹ̠ɑŋ] [ʃt̠͡ɹ̠ɒŋ] [ʃt̠͡ɹ̠ɔŋ] [ʃt͡ʃɹɔŋ] stronger strongest adj
silny mocny krzepki
Capable of producing great physical force.
solidny wytrzymały
Capable of withstanding great physical force.
mocny
Having an offensive or intense odor or flavor.
Having a high concentration of an essential or active ingredient.
(specifically) Having a high alcoholic content.
mocny silny
(of an argument) Convincing.

strong as an ox adj
mocny jak byk silny jak byk
(simile) Very strong and powerful.

strong nuclear interaction strong nuclear interactions n
oddziaływanie silne
(nuclear physics) the fundamental interaction responsible for the strong nuclear force

stronghold /ˈstɹɒŋhəʊld/ /ˈstɹɔŋˌhoʊld/ strongholds n
forteca twierdza bastion
A place built to withstand attack; a fortress.
bastion
(figuratively) A place of domination by, or refuge or survival of, a particular group or idea.

strongly /stɹɑŋli/ /stɹɒŋli/ /stɹɔŋli/ more strongly most strongly stronglier strongliest adv
mocno silnie
In a strong or powerful manner.

strongman strongmen n
siłacz siłaczka
Someone who performs feats of strength, sometimes in competitions or in a circus.
mocarz
A forceful or brutal person, usually a ruler or tyrant.

strontium /ˈstɹɒn.ti.əm/ strontiums n
stront
The metallic chemical element (symbol Sr) with an atomic number of 38. It is a soft, reactive, silvery alkaline earth metal.

structural more structural most structural adj
strukturalny budowlany
Of, relating to, or having structure.

structure /ˈstɹʌk(t)ʃə(ɹ)/ /ˈstɹʌkt͡ʃɚ/ [ˈstɹɐk(t)ʃə(ɹ)] [ˈstʃɹɐktʃə] structures n
struktura
A cohesive whole built up of distinct parts.
The overall form or organization of something.

strudel /ˈstɹuːdəl/ strudels n
strudel
A pastry made from multiple thin layers of dough rolled up and filled with fruit, etc.

struggle /ˈstrʌɡəl/ [ˈstɹʌɡl̩] struggles n
walka bitwa bój
(figurative) Strife, contention, great effort.

struggle /ˈstrʌɡəl/ [ˈstɹʌɡl̩] v
walczyć bić
To strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight (for or against), to contend.

strum /strʌm/ v
brzdąkać brzdąknąć brzdękać brzdęknąć
(ambitransitive) To play (a guitar or other stringed instrument) using various strings simultaneously.

strumpet /ˈstɹʌm.pɪt/ strumpets n
cichodajka ladacznica
A female prostitute
(derogatory) A trollop; a whore.

strychnine /ˈstɹɪk.niːn/ strychnines n
strychnina
(organic compound) A very toxic, colourless crystalline alkaloid, derived from nux vomica, used as a pesticide

stub /stʌb/ stubs n
zalążek artykułu
(chiefly, WMF) A Wikipedia article providing only minimal information and intended for later development.

stubble /ˈstʌb.əl/ stubbles n
rżysko ścierń
(countable, and, uncountable) The short stalks left in a field after crops have been harvested.

stubborn /ˈstʊbən/ /ˈstʌbən/ /ˈstʌbɚn/ stubborner stubbornest adj
uparty
Refusing to move or to change one's opinion; obstinate; firmly resisting; persistent in doing something.

stubborn as a mule adj
uparty jak kozioł uparty jak muł uparty jak osioł
(simile) Extremely stubborn

stubbornness /ˈstʌbən(n)əs/ /ˈstʌbɚn(n)əs/ stubbornnesses n
upór upartość
The state of being stubborn.

stubby /ˈstʌbi/ stubbier stubbiest adj
krępy
Like a stub; short, especially cut short, thick and stiff; stunted; stubbed.

stucco stucchi stuccoes stuccos n
stiuk
A plaster that is used to coat interior or exterior walls, or used for mouldings.
Work made of stucco; stuccowork.

stuck /ˈstʌk/ more stuck most stuck adj
zaklinowany
Unable to move.
utknąć
Unable to progress with a task.

stud /stʌd/ studs n
ciacho przystojniak
(colloquial) A sexually attractive male.

stud farm stud farms n
stadnina

student /ˈstjuː.dənt/ /ˈstu.dənt/ /ˈst͡ʃuː.dənt/ students n
student studentka uczeń uczennica
A person who studies or learns about a particular subject.
A person who is formally enrolled at a school, a college or university, or another educational institution.
student studentka
(in particular) A person who is enrolled at a college or university (as contrasted with a pupil or schoolchild attending a primary or secondary school).

student loan student loans n
kredyt studencki
(education, finance) A loan granted to a student in higher education to help pay for the tuition.

studies /ˈstʌdiz/ n
studia
(plural only) An academic field of study concerning the given subject.

studio /ˈstjuːdiəʊ/ /ˈstudioʊ/ /ˈst͡ʃuːdiəʊ/ studios n
atelier studio
An artist’s or photographer’s workshop or the room in which an artist works.
studio
A place where radio or television programs, records or films are made.
A studio apartment.

studio monitor studio monitors n
monitor studyjny

study /ˈstʌdi/ studies n
nauka uczenie się
Mental effort to acquire knowledge or learning.
badanie
Any particular branch of learning that is studied; any object of attentive consideration.
gabinet
A room in a house intended for reading and writing; traditionally the private room of the male head of household.

study /ˈstʌdi/ v
studiować
(academic, transitive) To take a course or courses on a subject.
badać wpatrywać się wpatrzyć się zbadać
(transitive) To look at minutely.
uczyć się studiować
(transitive) To fix the mind closely upon a subject; to dwell upon anything in thought; to muse; to ponder.

stuff /stʌf/ stuffs n
bambetle rzeczy
(informal) Miscellaneous items or objects; (with possessive) personal effects.

stuff /stʌf/ v
nadziać nadziewać napchać wypchać
(transitive) To fill by packing or crowding something into; to cram with something; to load to excess.
faszerować wypychać
To preserve a dead bird or other animal by filling its skin.

stuffed /stʌft/ more stuffed most stuffed adj
faszerowany
(cooking) Filled with seasoning.

stuffed animal stuffed animals n
pluszak przytulanka zabawka pluszowa
(US) A soft toy in the form of an animal.

stuffed shirt stuffed shirts n
formalista nadęty facet sztywniak
(idiomatic, informal) One who is pompous or self-important, especially one who is officious in a position of authority.

stuffily more stuffily most stuffily adv
duszno
In a poorly-ventilated and close manner.

stuffing /ˈstʌfɪŋ/ stuffings n
farsz nadzienie
Any of many food items used to stuff another.

stumble /ˈstʌmbəl/ stumbles n
potknięcie się
A fall, trip or substantial misstep.
potknięcie
An error or blunder.

stumble /ˈstʌmbəl/ v
potknąć się potykać się
(transitive, figurative) To mislead; to confound; to cause to err or to fall.

stump /stʌmp/ stumps n
kikut
The remains of something that has been cut off; especially the remains of a tree, the remains of a limb.

stunner stunners n
bajer rewelacja
(colloquial) Anything that is stunning.

stunning more stunning most stunning adj
zachwycający
(informal) Exceptionally beautiful or attractive.

stunt /stʌnt/ stunts n
akrobacja wyczyn kaskaderski
A daring or dangerous feat, often involving the display of gymnastic skills.

stunt double stunt doubles n
kaskader kaskaderka
(film, television) A type of body double: a skilled stand-in used for dangerous film or video sequences such as jumping out of a building, leaping from vehicle to vehicle, and fight sequences.

stuntman /ˈstʌnt.mæn/ stuntmen n
kaskader
In films, someone who performs stunts that are deemed too dangerous or physically difficult for the main actors to attempt.

stupa /ˈstuːpə/ stupas n
stupa
(Buddhism) A dome-shaped Buddhist monument, used to house relics of the Lord Buddha.

stupefy /ˈst(j)upəˌfaɪ/ /ˈst͡ʃupəˌfaɪ/ v
ogłuszać ogłuszyć
(transitive) To dull the senses or capacity to think thereby reducing responsiveness; to dazzle or stun.

stupid /st͡ʃjuː.pɪd/ /ˈst(j)u.pɪd/ /ˈstjuː.pɪd/ /ˈʃtjuː.pɪd/ /ˈʃt͡ʃjʉː.pəd/ more stupid most stupid stupider stupidest adj
głupi durnowaty durny tępogłowy tępy zakuty
(of animates) Lacking in intelligence.
Exhibiting the quality of having been done by someone lacking in intelligence.

stupid /st͡ʃjuː.pɪd/ /ˈst(j)u.pɪd/ /ˈstjuː.pɪd/ /ˈʃtjuː.pɪd/ /ˈʃt͡ʃjʉː.pəd/ stupids n
baran bezmózg cep ciemniak dureń gamoń
A stupid person; a fool.
(colloquial, uncountable) The condition or state of being stupid; stupidity, stupidness.

stupidity /stjuːˈpɪdɪti/ /stuˈpɪdɪti/ stupidities n
głupota
(uncountable) The property of being stupid.

sturdy /ˈstɜrdi/ /ˈstɜːdi/ sturdier sturdiest adj
mocny silny solidny
Of firm build; stiff; stout; strong.
mocny niezachwiany silny solidny
Solid in structure or person.

sturgeon /ˈstɜːd͡ʒən/ /ˈstɝd͡ʒən/ sturgeon sturgeons n
jesiotr
Any marine or freshwater fish of the family Acipenseridae that are prized for their roe and are endemic to temperate seas and rivers of the northern hemisphere, especially central Eurasia.

stutter /ˈstʌtə/ /ˈstʌtɚ/ stutters n
jąkanie

stutterer stutterers n
jąkała
One who stutters; one who speaks with a stutter.

sty /staɪ/ sties styes n
chlew
A pen or enclosure for swine.
(figurative) A messy, dirty or debauched place.

stye /ˈstaɪ/ styes n
jęczmień jęczmyk
(disease) A bacterial infection in the eyelash or eyelid.

style /staɪl/ styles n
szyjka (słupka) styl
(botany) The stalk that connects the stigma(s) to the ovary in a pistil of a flower.
styl
(by extension from sense 1.1) A particular manner of expression in writing or speech, especially one regarded as good.
A legal or traditional term or formula of words used to address or refer to a person, especially a monarch or a person holding a post or having a title.
A particular manner of creating, doing, or presenting something, especially a work of architecture or art.
(computing) A visual or other modification to text or other elements of a document, such as boldface or italics.

styleless adj
bezstylowy

stylelessly adv
bezstylowo

stylelessness n
bezstylowość

stylish /ˈstaɪlɪʃ/ more stylish most stylish adj
stylowy
Having elegance or taste or refinement in manners or dress.

stylistic /staɪˈlɪstɪk/ /stɪˈlɪstɪk/ more stylistic most stylistic adj
stylistyczny
Of or pertaining to style, especially to linguistic or literary style.

stylistics n
stylistyka
(linguistics) The study of literary style, and how it changes within different contexts.

stylite /ˈstaɪlaɪt/ /ˈstʌɪlʌɪt/ stylites n
słupnik stylita
(Christianity, historical) A Christian ascetic in ancient times who lived alone on top of a tall pillar.

stylization stylizations n
stylizacja
The process or result of designing or presenting in accordance with a style. Adoption of a style.
Simplified representation; reduction to a pattern or conventional form; abstraction; decorative generalization.

stylophone /ˈstaɪləfəʊn/ stylophones n
stylofon
(music) A small synthesizer operated using a stylus.

stylus /ˈstaɪ.ləs/ styli styluses n
rysik stylus
(writing) An ancient writing implement consisting of a small rod with a pointed end for scratching letters on clay, wax-covered tablets or other surfaces, and a blunt end for obliterating them.

styrofoam styrofoams n
styropian
Expanded polystyrene foam, such as is used in cups and packaging.

stød /stɜːd/ /stʌd/ n
stød
(phonology) a phenomenon of most Danish accents, in which stressed long vowels or consonants are laryngealised in certain contexts; sometimes a simple glottal stop that follows said vowel/consonant

sub-Saharan adj
subsaharyjski
Of or pertaining to that part of Africa which lies south of the Sahara Desert.

sub-Saharan Africa pn
Afryka Subsaharyjska
Africa south of the Sahara, particularly used to distinguish the areas chiefly populated by dark-skinned peoples.

sub-zero adj
poniżej zera
(of a temperature) below 0°C; freezing cold

subaddress subaddresses n
podadres

subarctic /sʌbˈɑːktɪk/ /sʌbˈɑːtɪk/ adj
podbiegunowy subantarktyczny subarktyczny
Of, relating to, or characteristic of the subarctic.

subatomic adj
subatomowy
(physics) Relating to particles that are constituents of the atom, or are smaller than an atom; such as proton, neutron, electron, etc.

subbranch subbranches n
pododdział
A branch that is itself an offshoot of a branch of something.

subcamp subcamps n
podobóz
A camp (such as a labour camp or concentration camp) that makes up part of a larger camp or complex.

subclass subclasses n
podklasa
(taxonomy) A rank directly below class.
(object-oriented programming) An object class derived from another class (its superclass) from which it inherits a base set of properties and methods.

subclavian artery subclavian arteries n
tętnica podobojczykowa

subconsciously more subconsciously most subconsciously adv
podświadomie
Below the level of conscious awareness.

subconsciousness n
podświadomość
The state of being subconscious.

subcontinent subcontinents n
subkontynent
A large landmass which is either smaller than a continent (such as Greenland), or part of an even larger continent (such as the Indian subcontinent).

subcontractor subcontractors n
podwykonawca
A contractor hired by a general contractor employed by the contractor rather than directly hired by the customer.

subculture /ˈsʌbˌkʌltʃɚ/ subcultures n
subkultura
A portion of a culture distinguished by its customs or other features, often in contrast to the larger mainstream culture.

subcutaneous /sʌbkjuːˈteɪnɪəs/ more subcutaneous most subcutaneous adj
podskórny
Pertaining to the fatty layer under the skin.

subdeacon subdeacons n
subdiakon
(Catholicism, chiefly, historical) A Catholic clerical rank in the major orders below that of a deacon.
(Catholicism, chiefly, historical) A Catholic cleric who assists the deacon at High Mass and normally reads the Epistle at the Eucharist.

subdialect subdialects n
gwara poddialekt subdialekt

subdomain subdomains n
subdomena
(computing, Internet) A domain name that has been prefaced with additional parts separated with periods.

subdominant subdominants n
subdominanta
(music) The fourth tone of a scale.

subfamily subfamilies n
podrodzina
(taxonomy) A taxonomic category ranking between a family and a genus; formerly called a tribe

subfebrile adj
podgorączkowy
(pathology, of a body temperature) slightly raised above normal, but not febrile

subfolder subfolders n
podfolder
(computing) A folder within another folder.

subformula subformulae subformulas n
podformuła
(logic) A formula that is part of another formula.

subgenre subgenres n
podgatunek
One of several categories within a particular genre.

subgenus subgenera subgenuses n
podrodzaj
(taxonomy) A subdivision of a genus.

subgiant subgiants n
podolbrzym
(astronomy) A star that has left the main sequence but has not yet become a true giant star.

subglacial /sʌbˈɡleɪ.ʃl̩/ /sʌbˈɡleɪ.ʃɪ.əl/ /ˌsʌbˈɡleɪ.ʃ(ə)l/ adj
podlodowcowe subglacjalne
Formed or occurring beneath a glacier or other body of ice.

subgroup /ˈsʌbˌɡɹuːp/ subgroups n
podgrupa
A group within a larger group; a group whose members are some, but not all, of the members of a larger group.

subhuman [sʌbˈhjuːmən] subhumans n
podczłowiek
Anything which is less than human.

subject /ˈsʌb.d͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈsʌb.d͡ʒɪkt/ subjects n
podmiot
(grammar) The noun, pronoun or noun phrase about whom the statement is made. In active clauses with verbs denoting an action, the subject is the actor. In clauses in the passive voice the subject is the target of the action.
przedmiot temat
The main topic of a paper, work of art, discussion, field of study, etc.
przedmiot
A particular area of study.
poddany poddana
A citizen in a monarchy.
poddany
A person ruled over by another, especially a monarch or state authority.
subiekt podmiot
(philosophy) A being that has subjective experiences, subjective consciousness, or a relationship with another entity.

subjective /səbˈd͡ʒɛktɪv/ /sʌbˈd͡ʒɛktɪv/ more subjective most subjective adj
subiektywny
Formed, as in opinions, based upon a person's feelings or intuition, not upon observation or reasoning; coming more from within the observer than from observations of the external environment.
(philosophy, psychology) Experienced by a person mentally and not directly verifiable by others.

subjectivity subjectivities n
subiektywność
(singulare tantum) The state of being subjective.

subjectless adj
bezpodmiotowy
(grammar) Lacking a grammatical subject.

subjectlessly more subjectlessly most subjectlessly adv
bezpodmiotowo

subjugate /ˈsʌbd͡ʒuɡeɪt/ /ˈsʌbd͡ʒuɡət/ /ˈsʌbd͡ʒəɡeɪt/ /ˈsʌbd͡ʒəɡət/ v
podporządkować podporządkowywać zniewalać zniewolić
(transitive) To forcibly impose obedience or servitude upon.

subjunctive mood subjunctive moods n
tryb łączący
(grammar) Mood expressing an action or state which is hypothetical or anticipated rather than actual, including wishes and commands.

sublease subleases n
podnajem
(property law) A lease sublet by a tenant or lessee to a subtenant.

sublet /ˌsʌbˈlɛt/ v
podnajmować podnająć
(transitive, property law) To grant a sublease out of property held under a lease.

sublimation sublimations n
sublimacja
(chemistry) The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor state such that it does not pass through the intermediate liquid phase. [from late 14th c.]
(psychology) The transformation of an impulse into something socially constructive. [from 20th c.]

sublime /səˈblaɪm/ sublimer sublimest adj
wzniosły
(chiefly, poetic, archaic) Of a person: dignified, majestic, noble.

subliminal /səˈblɪm.ɪ.nəl/ /ˌsabˈlɪm.ɪ.nəl/ [səˈblɪm.ɪ.nl̩] [ˌsabˈlɪm.ɪ.nl̩] [ˌsʌbˈlɪm.ɪ.nl̩] more subliminal most subliminal adj
podprogowa subliminalna
(physiology) Of a stimulus: below the limen or threshold of conscious perception, especially if still able to produce a response; also (generally) , below the threshold where a response can be produced. [from late 19th c.]

subliminal message subliminal messages n
percepcja podprogowa
A signal or message embedded in another object, designed to pass below the normal limits of perception.

subliminally /səˈblɪm.ɪ.nə.li/ /sʌbˈlɪm.ɪ.nə.li/ /ˌsabˈlɪm.ɪ.nə.li/ more subliminally most subliminally adv
podświadomie
In a subliminal manner.

sublingual /sʌbˈlɪŋ.ɡwəl/ /ˌsʌbˈlɪŋ.ɡju.əl/ /ˌsʌbˈlɪŋ.ɡwəl/ adj
podjęzykowy
(medicine) Administered through placement under the tongue. [from 17th c.]
(anatomy) Situated beneath the tongue. [from 17th c.]

sublunar adj
podksiężycowy
Situated beneath the Moon.

submachine gun submachine guns n
automat peem pistolet maszynowy rozpylacz
A type of short range machine gun that is carried as a personal weapon and uses pistol ammunition.

submarine /sʌb.məˈɹin/ /sʌb.məˈɹiːn/ /ˈsʌb.mə.ɹin/ adj
podmorski podwodny
Hidden or undisclosed.

submarine /sʌb.məˈɹin/ /sʌb.məˈɹiːn/ /ˈsʌb.mə.ɹin/ submarines n
łódź podwodna okręt podwodny
A boat that can go underwater.

submenu submenus n
podmenu
(computing, graphical user interface) A secondary menu available through another menu, especially one that branches off the first.

submission /səbˈmɪʃən/ submissions n
poddanie się
A submission hold in wrestling, mixed martial arts, or other combat sports.

submissive /səbˈmɪsɪv/ more submissive most submissive adj
pokorny uległy
Meekly obedient or passive.

submit /səbˈmɪt/ v
ulegać ulec
(intransitive) To yield or give way to another.
wygrać wygrywać
(transitive, mixed martial arts, professional wrestling) To win a fight against (an opponent) by submission.

suborder suborders n
podrząd
(taxonomy) A taxonomic category below order and above infraorder.

subordinate /səˈboːdɪnæɪt/ /səˈboːdɪnət/ /səˈbɔɹdɪneɪt/ /səˈbɔɹdɪnət/ /səˈbɔːdɪneɪt/ /səˈbɔːdɪnət/ more subordinate most subordinate adj
podrzędny
Placed in a lower class, rank, or position.

subordinate /səˈboːdɪnæɪt/ /səˈboːdɪnət/ /səˈbɔɹdɪneɪt/ /səˈbɔɹdɪnət/ /səˈbɔːdɪneɪt/ /səˈbɔːdɪnət/ subordinates n
podwładny
(countable) One who is subordinate.

subordinate clause subordinate clauses n
zdanie podrzędne
(grammar) A clause that cannot stand alone as a sentence, but functions as either a noun, adjective or adverb in a sentence.

subordinating conjunction subordinating conjunctions n
spójnik podrzędny
(grammar) A word that appears at the beginning of a subordinate clause and establishes its nature.

subordination /səˌbɔɹɾn̩ˈeɪʃn̩/ /səˌbɔːdɪˈneɪʃn̩/ subordinations n
podporządkowanie podporządkowywanie
The process of making or classing (something or somebody) as subordinate.
subordynacja
The quality of being properly obedient to a superior (as a superior officer); this quality as a systemic principle of discipline within a hierarchical organization.

suboxide suboxides n
podtlenek
(chemistry) any oxide containing a small proportion of oxygen

subpar /səbˈpɑɹ/ /səbˈpɑː/ [səbˈpʰɑɹ] [səbˈpʰɑ˞] adj
niedostateczny
Of less than a traditional or accepted standard

subphylum subphyla subphylums n
podtyp
(taxonomy) A taxonomic category below phylum and above class

subplot subplots n
wątek
A plot within a story, subsidiary to the main plot.

subpoena /səˈpiːnə/ subpoenae subpoenas subpoenæ n
wezwanie do sądu
(legal) A writ requiring someone to appear in court to give testimony.

subprocess subprocesses n
podproces

subscribe /səbˈskɹaɪb/ v
abonować zaabonować subskrybować
(ergative) To sign up to have copies of a publication, such as a newspaper or a magazine, delivered for a period of time.
abonować zaabonować
To pay for the provision of a service, such as Internet access or a cell phone plan.
subskrybować
(business, and, finance) To agree to buy shares in a company.

subscriber /səbˈskɹaɪbɚ/ subscribers n
abonent abonentka subskrybent
A person who subscribes to a publication or a service.

subscription /səbˈskɹɪpʃən/ subscriptions n
abonament prenumerata subskrypcja
Access to a resource for a period of time, generally for payment.
prenumerata subskrypcja
The formal acceptance of something, especially when verified with a signature.
podpis
The signing of one's name.

subscriptionless adj
bezabonamentowy

subsequent /ˈsʌbsəkwənt/ /ˈsʌbsɪkwənt/ adj
kolejny dalszy późniejszy
Following in time; coming or being after something else at any time, indefinitely.

subsequently /ˈsʌb.sɪ.kwənt.li/ adv
później
Accordingly, therefore (implying a logical connection or deduction), consequently.

subset /ˈsʌbˌsɛt/ subsets n
podzbiór
(set theory, of a set S) A set A such that every element of A is also an element of S.
podgrupa
A group of things or people, all of which are in a specified larger group.

subside /səbˈsaɪd/ /sʌbˈsaɪd/ v
osiadać osiąść
(intransitive) To sink or fall to the bottom; to settle, as lees.

subsidiarity /səbˌsɪdiˈæɹɪti/ subsidiarities n
subsydiarność
The principle that initiative (whether in government, business or religion) ought to reside at the lowest feasible level (i.e. at the local or regional level, instead of the national or supranational level, unless the latter presents clear advantages)

subsidiary /sʌbˈsɪ.di.əɹ.i/ /sʌbˈsɪ.dəɹ.i/ /sʌbˈsɪ.d͡ʒəɹ.i/ subsidiaries n
spółka zależna
A company owned by a parent company or a holding company, also called daughter company or sister company.

subsidy /ˈsʌbsɪdi/ subsidies n
subwencja
Financial support or assistance, such as a grant.

subsistence economy subsistence economies n
gospodarka naturalna

subsoil subsoils n
podglebie
The layer of earth that is below the topsoil.

subspecies /-siːz/ /-ʃɪz/ /ˈsʌbspiːʃiːz/ subspecies n
podgatunek
(taxonomy) A rank in the classification of organisms, below species.

substance /ˈsʌbstəns/ [ˈsʌbstənts] substances n
substancja
Physical matter; material.
istota
The essential part of anything; the most vital part.
majątek
Material possessions; estate; property; resources.
narkotyk
Drugs (illegal narcotics)

substandard /ˌsʌbˈstændəd/ /ˌsʌbˈstændɚd/ more substandard most substandard adj
podrzędny pośledni substandardowy
Of inferior quality; not meeting the minimum quality requirements.

substation substations n
podstacja
A site where electricity supplied by long-distance (high-voltage) transmission lines is transformed and/or regulated for local (low-voltage) distribution.

substitute /ˈsʌbstɪtjut/ /ˈsʌbstɪtjuːt/ /ˈsʌbstɪtut/ /ˈsʌbstɪtʃuːt/ substitutes n
substytut odpowiednik zamiennik zastępnik
A replacement or stand-in for something that achieves a similar result or purpose.

substitute /ˈsʌbstɪtjut/ /ˈsʌbstɪtjuːt/ /ˈsʌbstɪtut/ /ˈsʌbstɪtʃuːt/ v
zastąpić podstawiać zamienić
(transitive) To use in place of something else, with the same function.
(transitive, formerly, _, proscribed, in the phrase "substitute X with/by Y") To use Y in place of X; to replace X with Y.

substratum substrata n
podłoże
A layer that lies underneath another.

subsurface adj
podpowierzchniowy
Below the surface.

subtenant subtenants n
podnajemca podnajemczyni
(property law) A tenant of a sublease.

subterranean /ˌsʌbtəˈɹeɪniən/ adj
podziemny
Below ground, under the earth, underground.

subtext subtexts n
podtekst
(authorship) The implicit meaning of a text, often a literary one, or a speech or dialogue.

subthalamus subthalami n
niskowzgórze
(anatomy) Part of the diencephalon beneath the thalamus.

subtitle /ˈsʌbtaɪtəl/ subtitles n
podtytuł
(authorship) A heading below or after a title.
napisy
(cinematography, television) Textual versions of the dialogue in films (and similar media such as television or video games), usually displayed at the bottom of the screen.

subtle /ˈsʌt(ə)l/ [ˈsʌɾɫ̩] more subtle most subtle subtler subtlest adj
subtelny
Hard to grasp; not obvious or easily understood.
(of a thing) Cleverly contrived.
(of a person or animal) Cunning, skillful.

subtleness subtlenesses n
delikatność subtelność
The property of being subtle, of avoiding brute force and instead being clever or skillful.

subtlety /ˈsʌt(ə)lti/ subtleties n
delikatność subtelność
The quality of being done in a clever way that is not obvious or not direct; the quality of being carefully thought out. (of things)
subtelność
(countable) An instance of being subtle, a subtle thing, especially a subtle argument or distinction.

subtly /ˈsʌ.tl̩.li/ /ˈsʌt.li/ /ˈsʌt.l̩.li/ more subtly most subtly adv
delikatnie subtelnie
With subtleness, in a subtle manner; with cleverness rather than brute force.

subtract /səbˈtɹækt/ v
odejmować odjąć
(transitive, arithmetic) To remove or reduce; especially to reduce a quantity or number

subtraction /səbˈtɹækʃən/ subtractions n
odejmowanie
(arithmetic, uncountable) The process of subtracting a number from another.
(arithmetic, countable) A calculation involving subtracting.

subtrahend /ˈsʌbtɹəhɛnd/ subtrahends n
odjemnik
(arithmetic) A number or quantity to be subtracted from another.

subtropical adj
podzwrotnikowy subtropikalny
Pertaining to the regions of the Earth further from the equator than the tropical regions.

subtropics n
podtropikalny podzwrotnikowy subtropikalny
The region between the tropics and the temperate latitudes of the world.

subtype subtypes n
podtyp
A group of specific things within a larger, more general group.

suburb /ˈsʌbɜːb/ /ˈsʌbɝb/ suburbs n
przedmieście
A residential area located on the outskirts of a city or large town that usually includes businesses that cater to its residents; such as schools, grocery stores, shopping centers, restaurants, convenience stores, etc.
dzielnica okręg
(AU, Ireland, NZ, UK) Any subdivision of a conurbation, not necessarily on the periphery.

suburban /səˈbɜː(ɹ)bən/ more suburban most suburban adj
podmiejski
Relating to or characteristic of or situated on the outskirts of a city.

subway /ˈsʌbˌweɪ/ [ˈsʌbˌweɪ̯] subways n
metro
(North America, Scotland, South Africa) A train that runs on such an underground railway.
metro przejście podziemne
(British) An underground walkway, tunnel for pedestrians (called pedestrian underpass in US).

succade /səˈkeɪd/ succades n
cykata
Candied citrus peel (or, less commonly, other preserves).

succeed /səkˈsiːd/ v
udać się dać radę następować poradzić sobie
(intransitive) To come in the place of another person, thing, or event; to come next in the usual, natural, or prescribed course of things; to follow; hence, to come next in the possession of anything; (often with to).
odziedziczyć
(transitive, obsolete, rare) To fall heir to; to inherit.

success /səkˈsɛs/ successes n
sukces powodzenie
The achievement of one's aim or goal. [from 16th c.]
sukces
(business) Financial profitability.

success has many fathers, failure is an orphan proverb
sukces ma wielu ojców sukces ma wielu ojców, a klęska jest sierotą sukces ma wielu ojców, a porażka jest sierotą
Many people will seek credit for success, but few will accept responsibility for failure.

successful /səkˈsɛs.fl̩/ more successful most successful adj
udany
Resulting in success; assuring, or promoting, success; accomplishing what was proposed; having the desired effect

succession /səkˈsɛʃ.ən/ successions n
sukcesja
A passing of royal powers.

successively adv
kolejno sukcesywnie
In a serial or successive manner; one following another.

successor /səkˈsɛsə/ /səkˈsɛsɚ/ successors n
następca następczyni sukcesorka sukcesor
A person or thing that immediately follows another in holding an office or title.
następca dziedzic następczyni spadkobierca sukcesorka dziedziczka
The next heir in order or succession.
następca
A person who inherits a title or office.
następnik
(arithmetic, set theory) The integer, ordinal number or cardinal number immediately following another.

succinct /sə(k)ˈsɪŋkt/ /səkˈsɪŋ(k)t/ more succinct most succinct adj
zwięzły treściwy
Brief and to the point.

succour /ˈsʌkə/ /ˈsʌkɚ/ succours n
sukurs
(uncountable) Aid, assistance, or relief given to one in distress; ministration.

succubus /ˈsʌk.jə.bəs/ /ˈsʌk.jʊ.bəs/ succubi succubuses n
sukub sukkub
(medieval folklore) A female demon which comes to men, especially monks, in their dreams to seduce them and have sexual intercourse, drawing energy from the men to sustain themselves, often until the point of exhaustion or death.

succulence succulences n
soczystość
The property of being succulent.

succulent /ˈsʌkjələnt/ more succulent most succulent adj
soczysty
Juicy or lush.
mięsisty soczysty
(botany) Having fleshy leaves or other tissues that store water.

succumb /səˈkʌm/ v
przytłoczyć
(intransitive) To yield to an overpowering force or overwhelming desire.
ulec
(intransitive) To give up, or give in.
umrzeć
(intransitive) To die.

such /sɛt͡ʃ/ /sɪt͡ʃ/ /sʌt͡ʃ/ determiner
taki
(demonstrative) Like this, that, these, those; used to make a comparison with something implied by context.

such /sɛt͡ʃ/ /sɪt͡ʃ/ /sʌt͡ʃ/ pronoun
taki
A person, a thing, people, or things like the one or ones already mentioned.

such is life phraseologicalUnit
samo życie
Used to express the acceptance of misfortune in one's life.

such that conjunction
tak aby tak żeby
Which satisfies (the condition that).

suck /sʊk/ /sʌk/ v
ssać
(transitive) To use the mouth and lips to pull in (a liquid, especially milk from the breast). [from 9th c.]
(transitive) To put the mouth or lips to (a breast, a mother etc.) to draw in milk. [from 11th c.]
być do bani
(chiefly, North American, , intransitive, stative, colloquial, sometimes) To be inferior or objectionable: a general term of disparagement, sometimes used with at to indicate a particular area of deficiency. [from 20th c.]

suck off v
obciągać robić loda ssać chuja ssać fiuta ssać pałę
(slang, vulgar, transitive) To perform oral sex (fellatio or cunnilingus) on.

suck up v
podlizywać się
(slang, often followed by to) To adulate or flatter (someone) excessively, generally to obtain some personal benefit or favour.

sucker /ˈsʌk.ə/ /ˈsʌk.ɚ/ suckers n
przyssawka
An animal such as the octopus and remora, which adhere to other bodies with such organs.
frajer
(American, slang) A person who is easily deceived, tricked or persuaded to do something; a naive or gullible person. [from 1830s]

sucker trap sucker traps n
oszustwo

suckle /ˈsʌ.kəl/ v
karmić mlekiem wykarmić
(transitive) To give suck to; to nurse at the breast, udder, or dugs.

suckling sucklings n
osesek
An infant that is still being breastfed (being suckled) by its mother.

sucralose sucraloses n
sukraloza
A selectively chlorinated sucrose, used as an artificial sweetener.

sucrose /ˈsjuːkɹəʊz/ /ˈsukɹoʊs/ /ˈsuːkɹəʊz/ sucroses n
sacharoza
(carbohydrate) A disaccharide with formula C12H22O11, consisting of two simple sugars, glucose and fructose; normal culinary sugar.

suction cup /ˈsʌkʃən kʌp/ suction cups n
przyssawka
A cup made of flexible material, such as rubber, that uses suction as an adhesive.

sudden /ˈsʌdən/ [ˈsʌdn̩] suddener suddenest adj
nagły
Happening quickly and with little or no warning.

sudden infant death syndrome n
nagła śmierć łóżeczkowa zespół nagłego zgonu niemowląt
(pathology) The sudden and unexplained death of an infant aged one month to one year, normally while sleeping.

suddenly /ˈsʌdn̩li/ more suddenly most suddenly adv
nagle znienacka raptem z nagła
Happening quickly and with little or no warning; in a sudden manner.

sudoku /su-/ /suː-/ /sə-/ /sʊˈdoʊku/ /sʊˈdukoʊ/ /sʊˈduku/ /sʊˈduːku/ /sʊˈdɑku/ /sʊˈdɒku/ /sʊˈdəʊku/ /ˈsu-/ /ˈsuː-/ /ˈsʊdoʊku/ /ˈsʊdukoʊ/ /ˈsʊduku/ /ˈsʊduːku/ /ˈsʊdɑku/ /ˈsʊdɒku/ /ˈsʊdəʊku/ sudokus n
sudoku
(games, puzzles) A type of pencil puzzle played on a square grid, requiring each of the columns, each of the rows, and each of the subregions (called "boxes" or "regions") to contain the lowest whole numbers up to the dimension of the puzzle, usually 1 to 9, once each. The subregions are rectangular or square except in variants.

sue /s(j)uː/ /sɪu̯/ v
pozywać pozwać
(transitive) To file a legal action against someone, generally a non-criminal action.

suede /swed/ /sweɪd/ adj
zamszowy
Made of suede.

suede /swed/ /sweɪd/ suedes n
zamsz
A type of soft leather, made from calfskin, with a brushed texture to resemble fabric, often used to make boots, clothing and fashion accessories.

suet /ˈs(j)uːɪt/ suets n
łój sadło
The fatty tissue that surrounds and protects the kidneys; that of sheep and cattle is used in cooking and in making tallow.

suffer /ˈsʌfə/ /ˈsʌfɚ/ v
cierpieć pokutować
(intransitive) To undergo hardship.
cierpieć
(intransitive) To feel pain.

suffering /ˈsʌfəɹɪŋ/ /ˈsʌfɹɪŋ/ sufferings n
cierpienie męka
The condition of someone who suffers; a state of pain or distress.

suffice /səˈfaɪs/ /səˈfaɪz/ v
wystarczać wystarczyć
(intransitive) To be enough or sufficient; to meet the need (of anything); to be adequate; to be good enough.
wystarczać wystarczyć zadowolić
(transitive) To satisfy; to content; to be equal to the wants or demands of.

suffice it to say phraseologicalUnit
dosyć dość dość powiedzieć

sufficient /səˈfɪʃənt/ more sufficient most sufficient adj
wystarczający dostateczny

sufficient condition sufficient conditions n
warunek dostateczny warunek wystarczający
(logic) A statement P in relation to statement Q such that P implies Q.

sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof /-ˈiːvəl-/ /-ˌʌntə-/ /səˈfɪʃ(ə)nt ˌʌntʊ ðə ˈdeɪ ɪz ðiː ˈiːvɪl ðɛəˌɹɒv/ /səˈfɪʃənt ˌʌntə ðə ˈdeɪ ɪz ði ˈivəl ðɛˌɹʌv/ proverb
dosyć ma dzień swojej biedy
There is no need to worry about the future; the present provides enough to worry about.

sufficiently /səˈfɪʃəntli/ more sufficiently most sufficiently adv
wystarczająco
(manner) In a sufficient manner; enough.

suffix /səˈfɪks/ /ˈsʌfɪks/ suffixes n
przyrostek
(grammar, linguistic morphology) A morpheme added at the end of a word to modify the word's meaning.

suffixless adj
bezkońcówkowy bezprzyrostkowy bezsufiksalny

suffixoid suffixoids n
sufiksoid

suffocate /ˈsʌfəkeɪt/ /ˈsʌfəkət/ v
dusić udusić
(ergative) To suffer, or cause someone to suffer, from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body.
dusić
(ergative) To die due to, or kill someone by means of, insufficient oxygen supply to the body.

suffrage /ˈsʌfɹɪd͡ʒ/ suffrages n
czynne prawo wyborcze prawo do głosowania prawo wybierania
(US) The right of women to vote.

suffragette /ˌsʌf.ɹəˈd͡ʒɛt/ suffragettes n
sufrażystka
(historical) A female supporter, often militant, of women's right to vote in the early 20th century, especially in Great Britain.

suffragist suffragists n
sufrażysta sufrażystka
A person who promotes suffrage.

sufganiyah sufganiyot n
sufganija
a deep-fried ball-shaped doughnut, usually filled with jelly or custard and topped with powdered sugar

sugar /ˈʃʊɡə(ɹ)/ /ˈʃʊɡɚ/ sugars n
cukier
(uncountable) Sucrose in the form of small crystals, obtained from sugar cane or sugar beet and used to sweeten food and drink.
(countable, chemistry) Any of various small carbohydrates that are used by organisms to store energy.
kochanie słonko
(countable) A term of endearment.

sugar /ˈʃʊɡə(ɹ)/ /ˈʃʊɡɚ/ v
posłodzić słodzić
(transitive) To add sugar to; to sweeten with sugar.
osładzać osłodzić
(transitive) To make (something unpleasant) seem less so.

sugar beet sugar beets n
burak cukrowy
A type of beet whose root contains a high concentration of sucrose.

sugar bowl sugar bowls n
cukiernica
A small receptacle for serving sugar on a table or on a tray.

sugar cane sugar canes n
trzcina cukrowa
A tropical grass of the genus Saccharum (especially the species Saccharum officinarum, including hybrids) having stout, fibrous, jointed stalks, the sap of which is a source of sugar.

sugar daddy sugar daddies n
sponsor
(slang) A man who spends money for the benefit of a relationship with an often younger romantic or sexual partner.

sugar glider sugar gliders n
lotopałanka karłowata lotopałanka krótkogłowa
Petaurus breviceps, an omnivorous gliding arboreal marsupial, endemic to mainland Australia and New Guinea, and introduced to Tasmania in 1835.

sugar mama sugar mamas n
sponsorka
(informal) An older woman who spends money on a younger person, usually for romantic or sexual reasons.

sugar substitute sugar substitutes n
słodzik
A food additive that replicates the sweetness of sugar but is not sugar.

sugar-free adj
bezcukrowy
Of food, drink, medication, chewing gum, etc: not containing sugar (and usually sweetened with a sugar substitute instead).

sugar-loaf sugar-loaves n
głowa cukru
(historical) A block of refined sugar, usually in the form of a truncated cone, in which form it was traditionally exported from the Caribbean and Brazil from the 17th century to the 19th century.

sugary /ˈʃʊɡəɹi/ sugarier sugariest adj
cukrowy
Of food, drink, etc, containing or covered with a large amount of sugar.

suggest /sə(ɡ)ˈd͡ʒɛst/ /səˈd͡ʒɛst/ v
sugerować
(transitive) To imply but stop short of explicitly stating (something).
proponować sugerować
(transitive) To cause one to suppose (something); to bring to one's mind the idea (of something).
sugerować proponować
(obsolete, transitive) To seduce; to prompt to evil; to tempt.

suggestion /səɡˈd͡ʒɛst͡ʃən/ /səˈd͡ʒɛstʃən/ /səˈd͡ʒɛst͡ʃən/ [səˈd͡ʒɛʃtʃən] suggestions n
propozycja sugestia
(countable) Something suggested (with subsequent adposition being for)
sugestia
(uncountable) The act of suggesting.

suicidal /ˌs(j)uː.ɪˈsaɪ.dəl/ /ˌsu.əˈsaɪ.dəl/ /ˌsu.ɪ-/ more suicidal most suicidal adj
samobójczy
(of a person) Likely to commit, or to attempt to commit, suicide.
(of a voluntarily-chosen course of action) Highly likely to certain to result in the deaths of the participants; dangerous or reckless to such a degree as to be tantamount to suicide for those taking part.

suicidal ideation suicidal ideations n
myśli o samobójstwie
Feelings, thoughts, contemplation of, a preoccupation with or a general desire for one's own suicide, or the idea of ceasing to exist.

suicide /ˈs(j)uːɪˌsaɪd/ /ˈsuɪˌsaɪd/ suicides n
samobójstwo
(countable) A particular instance of a person intentionally killing themselves, or of multiple people doing so.
(figuratively) An action that could cause the literal or figurative death of a person or organization, although death is not the aim of the action.
samobójca samobójczyni denat denatka
(countable) A person who has intentionally killed themselves.

suicide note suicide notes n
list pożegnalny
A message, usually a written note, left by someone who later attempts or commits suicide, usually explaining the reason for the suicide.

suicidology n
suicydologia
The study of the causes and related effects of people intentionally killing themselves.

suit /s(j)uːt/ /sɪu̯t/ suits n
kombinezon kostium
(by extension) A garment or set of garments suitable and/or required for a given task or activity: space suit, boiler suit, protective suit, swimsuit.
kolor garnitur
(card games) Each of the sets of a pack of cards distinguished by color and/or specific emblems, such as the spades, hearts, diamonds, or clubs of traditional Anglo, Hispanic, and French playing cards.

suit /s(j)uːt/ /sɪu̯t/ v
pasować
(said of clothes, hairstyle or other fashion item, transitive) To be suitable or apt for one's image.
pasować odpowiadać
(intransitive) To agree; to be fitted; to correspond (usually followed by to, archaically also followed by with)

suit oneself v
jak sobie chcesz
To do whatever one wants to do.

suitcase /ˈs(j)uːtkeɪs/ /ˈsutkeɪs/ suitcases n
walizka
A large (usually rectangular) piece of luggage used for carrying clothes, and sometimes suits, when travelling.

suite /swiːt/ suites n
suita
(music) An excerpt of instrumental music from a larger work that contains other elements besides the music; for example, the Nutcracker Suite is the music (but not the dancing) from the ballet The Nutcracker, and the Carmen Suite is the instrumental music (but not the singing and dancing) from the opera Carmen.

sujuk sujuks n
sucuk
A dry, spicy sausage eaten from the Balkans to the Middle East and Central Asia. Consists of ground meat (usually beef), with various spices including cumin, sumac, garlic, salt, and red pepper, fed into a sausage casing and allowed to dry for several weeks.

sulfate /ˈsʌlfeɪt/ sulfates n
siarczan
(organic chemistry) Any ester of sulfuric acid.
(inorganic chemistry) Any salt of sulfuric acid.

sulfide sulfides n
siarczek
(American spelling, chemistry) Any compound of sulfur and a metal or other electropositive element or group.

sulfite /ˈsʌlfaɪt/ sulfites n
siarczyn
(American spelling, inorganic chemistry) Any salt of sulfurous acid.

sulfonamide sulfonamides n
sulfonamid
(chemistry) Any amide of a sulfonic acid RS(=O)2NR'2
(pharmaceutical drug) Any of a group of antibiotics; a sulfa drug

sulfur /ˈsʌl.fə/ /ˈsʌl.fɚ/ sulfurs n
siarka
(uncountable) A chemical element (symbol S) with an atomic number of 16.

sulfuric acid n
kwas siarkowy
(American spelling, inorganic compound) A transparent, oily liquid, formula H2SO4, that is a strong acid with very many industrial applications.

sulfurless adj
bezsiarkowy

sulfurous acid n
kwas siarkawy
(inorganic compound) The weak acid, H2SO3, present in a solution of sulfur dioxide in water; it is a reducing agent and mild bleach.

sulk /sʌlk/ sulks n
dąsy fochy
A state of sulking.

sulk /sʌlk/ v
dąsać się boczyć się obrażać się
(intransitive) To express ill humor or offence by remaining sullenly silent or withdrawn.

sully /ˈsʌli/ v
skalać
(transitive) To soil or stain; to dirty.
(transitive) To corrupt or damage.

sulphur-crested cockatoo sulphur-crested cockatoos n
kakadu żółtoczuba
A large Australian cockatoo, Cacatua galerita, with a yellow erectile crest. [from 19th c.]

sultan /ˈsʌltən/ salateen sultans n
sułtan
A hereditary ruler in various Muslim states (sultanate), varying from petty principalities (as in Yemen), often vassal of a greater ruler, to independent realms, such as Oman, Brunei, Morocco (until 1956) or an empire such as the Turkish Ottoman Empire.

sultanate /ˈsʌltənət/ sultanates n
sułtanat
A sovereign or vassal princely state—usually Muslim—where the ruler is styled sultan.

sultanic more sultanic most sultanic adj
sułtański
Of or relating to a sultan or a sultanate.

sultry /ˈsəl-/ /ˈsʌltɹi/ sultrier sultriest adj
duszny gorący parny
(weather) Hot and humid. [from late 16th c.]

sum /sʌm/ sums n
suma
A quantity obtained by addition or aggregation.
(often plural) An arithmetic computation, especially one posed to a student as an exercise (not necessarily limited to addition).
A quantity of money.

sum /sʌm/ v
sumować zsumować zsumowywać
(transitive) To add together.

sumac /ˈs(j)uːmæk/ /ˈsu-/ /ˈsuːˌmæk/ /ˈʃuː-/ sumacs n
sumak
Any of various shrubs or small trees of the genus Rhus and other genera in Anacardiaceae, particularly the elm-leaved sumac, Sicilian sumac, or tanner's sumac (Rhus coriaria).

summa cum laude adv
summa cum laude
With highest (of three degrees of) praise; as noted, as an honor, on diplomas and degrees for work that is considered to be of the highest quality.

summand summands n
składnik
Something which is added or summed.

summarize /ˈsʌməˌɹaɪz/ v
streszczać reasumować
(ambitransitive) To prepare a summary of (something).
sumować zsumować zsumowywać
(ambitransitive) To give a recapitulation of the salient facts; to recapitulate or review.

summary /ˈsʌməɹi/ more summary most summary adj
doraźny
Performed speedily and without formal ceremony.

summary /ˈsʌməɹi/ summaries n
streszczenie podsumowanie skrót
An abstract or a condensed presentation of the substance of a body of material.

summer /ˈsʌmə(ɹ)/ /ˈsʌmɚ/ summers n
lato
One of four seasons, traditionally the second, marked by the longest and typically hottest days of the year due to the inclination of the Earth and thermal lag. Typically regarded as being from June 21 to September 22 or 23 in parts of the USA, the months of June, July and August in the United Kingdom and the months of December, January and February in the Southern Hemisphere.

summer camp summer camps n
kolonia letnia obóz harcerski
An institution devoted to housing and entertaining children for the summer.

summer job summer jobs n
praca wakacyjna

summer savory n
cząber ogrodowy
Satureja hortensis

summer solstice summer solstices n
przesilenie letnie
(astronomy) The moment when the Earth is in that point of its orbit where the northern or southern hemisphere is most inclined toward the sun.

summer tire summer tires n
opona letnia
(slang) all-season tires (due to the fact that they are typically factory fitted to cars for summer use, and by law, they cannot be used in some jurisdictions in winter)

summerhouse summerhouses n
dom letniskowy
A house owned not as a primary residence and used as vacation home during warm weather months of the year.

summerily more summerily most summerily adv
letnio
In a manner reminiscent of summer.

summery /ˈsʌməɹi/ summerier summeriest adj
letni
Relating to the summer.

summit /ˈsʌmɪt/ summits n
szczyt wierzchołek wierch
The highest point of a hill, mountain, or similar geographical feature.
szczyt
(by extension) An assembly or gathering of the leaders of countries to discuss issues of international significance; also (loosely) , an important or high-level gathering or meeting.

summon /ˈsʌmən/ v
wzywać
(transitive) To call people together; to convene.

summoner summoners n
przywoływacz przyzywacz
One who summons or evokes, particularly in legal contexts.

summons /ˈsʌ.mənz/ summonses n
wezwanie
A call to do something, especially to come.
(legal) A notice summoning someone to appear in court, as a defendant, juror or witness.

sumo /ˈsuːməʊ/ sumo sumos n
sumo
(uncountable) A stylised Japanese form of wrestling in which a wrestler loses if he is forced from the ring, or if any part of his body except the soles of his feet touches the ground.
sumita
(countable, colloquial) A rikishi (sumo wrestler)

sump /sʌmp/ sumps n
rząp
The lowest part of a mineshaft into which water drains.
syfon
A completely flooded cave passage, sometimes passable by diving.

sun /sʌn/ suns n
słońce
(astronomy) A star, especially when seen as the centre of any single solar system.
(figurative) Something like the sun in brightness or splendor.
słońce promienie słoneczne światło słoneczne
The light and warmth which is received from the sun; sunshine or sunlight.

sun /sʌn/ pn
słońce
The star that the Earth revolves around and from which it receives light and warmth.

sun bear sun bears n
niedźwiedź malajski biruang biruang malajski
A species of relatively small bears, Helarctos malayanus, found in Southeast Asia.

sun dog sun dogs n
parhelion słońce poboczne
Either of two bright spots, caused by the refraction of sunlight through ice crystals, sometimes seen on the parhelic circle.

sun spurge sun spurges n
wilczomlecz obrotny
The flowering plant Euphorbia helioscopia.

sunbathe /ˈsʌnbeɪð/ v
opalać się
(intransitive) To expose one's body to the sun in order to relax or to obtain a suntan.

sunbed sunbeds n
leżak
A lounger, or reclining beach chair.

sunburn /ˈsʌnbɜːn/ /ˈsʌnbɝn/ sunburns n
oparzenie słoneczne
A burn on the skin caused by excess exposure to the sun's rays.

sundew sundews n
rosiczka
Any of a group of insectivorous plants in the genus Drosera that catch insects by sticky droplets ("dew") at the end of hairs on the leaves and grow in boggy ground all over the world.

sundial /ˈsʌnˌdaɪ.əl/ sundials n
zegar słoneczny
A device measuring the time of day by the position of a shadow cast by a pole or plate (gnomon) upon an engraved series of marks.

sundisk sundisks n
słońce

sunfish /ˈsʌnˌfɪʃ/ sunfish sunfishes n
bassek okończyk
Any of various small freshwater fishes of the family Centrarchidae, often with iridescent colours and having a laterally compressed body.
samogłów bassek okończyk
Any of various large marine fishes of the family Molidae that have an oval compressed body.

sunflower /ˈsʌn.flaʊ.ə/ /ˈsʌn.flaʊ.ɚ/ sunflowers n
słonecznik
A bright yellow, like that of the flower petals.

sunflower oil sunflower oils n
olej słonecznikowy
A vegetable oil, pressed from sunflower seeds, and used in cooking.

sunflower seed sunflower seeds n
nasiono słonecznika
Seed of a sunflower, especially roasted and eaten as a snack; also used as bird food and in the manufacture of sunflower oil.

sunglasses n
okulary przeciwsłoneczne okulary słoneczne
Tinted glasses worn to protect the eyes from the sun.

sunless more sunless most sunless adj
bezsłoneczny
Without the sun or sunshine; shaded; shadowed.

sunlight /ˈsʌnˌlaɪt/ sunlights n
światło słoneczne
All the electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun, especially that in the visible spectrum that bathes the Earth.
światło
(figuratively) Brightness, hope; a positive outlook.

sunlounger sunloungers n
leżak
A form of extended deckchair used for sunbathing or relaxing (typically by the sea or a pool)

sunny /ˈsʌni/ sunnier sunniest adj
słoneczny
(of weather or a day) Featuring a lot of sunshine.

sunny side up adj
jajko sadzone
(US) Of an egg: fried sunny side up.

sunrise /ˈsʌnɹaɪz/ sunrises n
wschód słońca
The time of day when the sun appears above the eastern horizon.

sunroof /ˈsʌnˌɹuːf/ sunroofs n
szyberdach
(automotive) A fixed or operable opening in a vehicle roof (car or truck) which allows fresh air and/or light to enter the passenger compartment. A sunroof may include a transparent or opaque panel and may be manually operated or power driven.

sunroom sunrooms n
solarium
A room used for its abundant sunlight, especially one in a residence with numerous large glass windows.

sunscreen sunscreens n
krem do opalania
A cream, to be spread on the skin, containing organic compounds that absorb, and/or titanium dioxide that reflects the sun’s ultraviolet radiation.

sunset /ˈsʌnˌsɛt/ sunsets n
zachód słońca
The changes in color of the sky before and after sunset.
zachód słońca zmierzch
(figuratively) The final period of the life of a person or thing.

sunshade sunshades n
parasol od słońca
Something to keep the sun off, or create shade from the sun; a parasol or awning.

sunshine /ˈsʌnʃaɪn/ sunshines n
światło słoneczne
The direct rays, light or warmth of the sun.
słońce
A location on which the sun's rays fall.

sunspot /ˈsʌnspɑt/ /ˈsʌnspɒt/ sunspots n
plama słoneczna
(astronomy) A region on the sun's surface with a lower temperature than its surroundings and intense magnetic activity.

sunstroke sunstrokes n
porażenie słoneczne udar słoneczny
(pathology) Heat stroke caused by an excessive exposure to the sun's rays.

suntan suntans n
opalenizna
In humans, a brown or darkened coloration of the skin caused by exposure to ultraviolet light.

suntan v
opalać się opalić się
To obtain a suntan by exposure to ultraviolet light.
To attempt to obtain a suntan.

super /ˈs(j)uːpə(ɹ)/ /ˈsupɚ/ /ˈsʉː.pə(ɹ)/ [ˈsïɯ.pə(ɹ)] adj
super
better than average, better than usual; wonderful.

super cup super cups n
superpuchar superpuchary

super- prefix
super-
superior in title or status

superacid superacids n
superkwas
(chemistry) any medium having a very high acidity; typically a solution of a strong Lewis acid in a Brønsted acid.

superalloy superalloys n
nadstop
(metallurgy) Any of several high-performance alloys that are resistant to high temperatures

superb /sjuːˈpɜːb/ /suˈpɝb/ /suːˈpɜːb/ /səˈpɝb/ superber superbest adj
znakomity
First-rate; of the highest quality; exceptionally good.

superbly more superbly most superbly adv
znakomicie
excellently, done to the best possibly degree, admirably.

supercelestial /ˌsupə(ɹ)səˈlɛsti.əl/ /ˌsupə(ɹ)səˈlɛst͡ʃəl/ more supercelestial most supercelestial adj
nadgwiezdny
Situated above the heavens.

supercentenarian supercentenarians n
superstulatek
A person more than 110 years old.

supercharger superchargers n
sprężarka mechaniczna
(automotive, internal combustion engines) An inlet air compressor for an internal combustion engine (either Otto or Diesel cycle).

supercilious /ˌs(j)u.pɚˈsɪ.li.əs/ /ˌsjuː.pə(ɹ)ˈsɪ.li.əs/ more supercilious most supercilious adj
wyniosły
Arrogantly superior; showing contemptuous indifference; haughty.

supercluster superclusters n
supergromada
(astronomy) An extended group of clusters of galaxies

supercomputer supercomputers n
superkomputer
(computing) Any computer that has a far greater processing power than others of its generation.

superconductivity superconductivities n
nadprzewodnictwo
(physics) The property of a material whereby it has no resistance to the flow of an electric current.

superconductor superconductors n
nadprzewodnik
A substance that has no resistance to conducting an electric current

superego /supɛɹiɡoʊ/ superegos n
superego
(psychoanalysis) The part of the mind that acts as a self-critical conscience, reflecting social standards that have been learnt.

superexcellent /ˌsuːpəˈɹɛksələnt/ /ˌsuːpəˈɹɛksɪlnt/ more superexcellent most superexcellent adj
najdoskonalszy najświetniejszy
Uncommonly excellent; of supreme excellence.

superexchange superexchanges n
nadwymiana

superficial /ˌsu.pɚˈfɪʃ.əl/ /ˌsuː.pəˈfɪʃ.əl/ more superficial most superficial adj
powierzchowny
​Lacking depth of character or understanding; lacking substance or significance.

superficially more superficially most superficially adv
powierzchownie
In a superficial manner; shallowly

superfluous /sjʊˈpɜːflu.əs/ /suˈpɝflu.əs/ /suːˈpɜːflu.əs/ more superfluous most superfluous adj
nadmierny niepotrzebny zbyteczny
In excess of what is required or sufficient.

supergiant supergiants n
nadolbrzym
(astronomy) A very large star having a mass between 10 and 70 solar masses.

superheater superheaters n
przegrzewacz
A component of a boiler system that heats the steam above its saturation temperature to prevent it condensing, and in the case of a steam engine to improve its efficiency.

superhero /s(j)upɚhɪɹoʊ/ superheroes n
superbohater
Any fictional crime-fighting character, often with supernatural powers or equipment, in popular children's and fantasy literature; a fictional hero who does great things.

superheroine superheroines n
superbohaterka
A heroine with supernatural powers; a female superhero

superhuman more superhuman most superhuman adj
nadludzki
Beyond what is possible for a human being.

superinfection superinfections n
nadkażenie superinfekcja
An infection which follows or occurs during another infection or disease process

superior /suːˈpɪə.ɹi.ə/ /sə-/ /sʉːˈpɪə.ɹiː.ə/ /sʊˈpɪɹ.i.ɚ/ superiors n
przełożony zwierzchnik
A person of higher rank or quality, especially a colleague in a higher position.

superiority /sʊuˌpɪə(ɹ).iˈɒ.ɹɪ.ti/ superiorities n
wyższość przewaga
The state of being superior.

superlative /sjuːˈpɜː.lə.tɪv/ /suˈpɝː.lə.tɪv/ /suːˈpɜː.lə.tɪv/ adj
doskonały znakomity
Exceptionally good; of the highest quality; superb.

superlative /sjuːˈpɜː.lə.tɪv/ /suˈpɝː.lə.tɪv/ /suːˈpɜː.lə.tɪv/ superlatives n
superlatyw
The extreme (e.g. highest, lowest, deepest, farthest, etc) extent or degree of something.
stopień najwyższy superlatyw
(grammar) The form of an adjective that expresses which of several items has the highest degree of the quality expressed by the adjective; in English, formed by appending "-est" to the end of the adjective (for some short adjectives only) or putting "most" before it.

superlative degree n
stopień najwyższy
(grammar) adverbial or adjectival forms modified by most or ending in -est, used when comparing three or more things

supermajority /ˌs(j)upɜɹməˈd͡ʒɔɹɪti/ supermajorities n
większość absolutna większość bezwzględna
(chiefly, North American) A majority of the items being counted that reaches some preset threshold significantly greater than 50 percent, such as two thirds.

superman /ˈs(j)uːpəmæn/ /ˈsupɚmæn/ supermen n
nadczłowiek
(chiefly, philosophy) An imagined superior type of human being representing a new stage of human development; an übermensch, an overman. [from 1903.]

supermarket /ˌsupɚˈmɑɹkət/ /ˌsuːpəˈmɑːkɪt/ supermarkets n
supermarket
A chain of such stores.

supermassive black hole supermassive black holes n
supermasywna czarna dziura
(astronomy) Any black hole with a mass from 105 to 1010 times that of the Sun.

supermodel supermodels n
supermodelka
A highly paid, famous fashion model.

supermoderator supermoderators n
super moderator
(Internet) A moderator who has permission to moderate every forum on a web site.

supermoon supermoons n
superksiężyc
(astrology, astronomy) A full moon or new moon, when the Earth–Moon distance is in the lowest tenth of its range.

supernal /sjuːˈpɜː.nəl/ /suˈpɝ.nəl/ /suːˈpɜː.nəl/ /səˈpɝ.nəl/ /sʊˈpɜː.nəl/ /sʊˈpɝ.nəl/ more supernal most supernal adj
niebiański
Pertaining to heaven or to the sky; celestial.
cudowny
Exalted, exquisite, superlative.

supernatural /ˌs(j)upɚˈnæt͡ʃɚəl/ /ˌs(j)upɚˈnæt͡ʃɹəl/ /ˌs(j)uːpəˈnat͡ʃ(ə)ɹəl/ /ˌs(j)ʉːpɘˈnɛt͡ʃɹɯ(l)/ more supernatural most supernatural adj
nadnaturalny nadprzyrodzony
Above nature; beyond or added to nature, often so considered because it is given by a deity or some force beyond that which humans are born with.

supernova /ˌsuː.pə(ɹ)ˈnəʊ.və/ supernovae supernovas supernovæ n
supernowa
(star) A powerful and bright explosion of a massive star, which afterwards becomes a neutron star or a black hole, or is destroyed.

supernumerary /ˌsupɚˈn(j)uməˌɹɛɹi/ /ˌsuːpəˈnjuːm(ə)ɹ(ə)ɹi/ adj
nadliczbowy nadmiarowy
Beyond the prescribed or standard amount or number; excess, extra.
Beyond what is necessary; redundant.

supernumerary /ˌsupɚˈn(j)uməˌɹɛɹi/ /ˌsuːpəˈnjuːm(ə)ɹ(ə)ɹi/ supernumeraries n
nadliczbowy
Something which is beyond the prescribed or standard amount or number.

superorder superorders n
nadrząd
(taxonomy) A taxonomic category below subclass and above order.

superordinate more superordinate most superordinate adj
nadrzędny
Greater in degree, rank or position.

superposition /ˌs(j)uː.pə(ɹ).pəˈzɪʃ.ən/ /ˌsu.pɚ.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/ /ˌsʉː.pə.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/ [ˌsïɯ.pə.pəˈzɪʃ.ən] superpositions n
superpozycja
(quantum mechanics) The situation in quantum mechanics where two or more quantum states are added together (superposed) to yield another valid quantum state.

superpower superpowers n
supermocarstwo mocarstwo
(countable) A sovereign state with dominant status on the globe and a very advanced military, especially the United States or formerly the Soviet Union.
supermoc
(countable, fiction) An extraordinary physical or mental ability, especially possessed by a superhero or supervillain.

supersede /ˌsupɚˈsiːd/ /ˌsuːpəˈsiːd/ v
odłożyć unieważnić zastąpić
(transitive) To take the place of.
odłożyć unieważnić zamienić zastąpić
(transitive) To displace in favour of itself.

superset supersets n
nadzbiór
(set theory) (symbol: ⊇) With respect to another set, a set such that each of the elements of the other set is also an element of the set.

supersonic adj
naddźwiękowy
(of a speed) Greater than the speed of sound (in the same medium, and at the same temperature and pressure).

superstar /ˈsuːpə(ɹ)ˌstɑː(ɹ)/ superstars n
supergwiazda wielka gwiazda
Someone who has accumulated a vast amount of fame; a high-level celebrity.

superstition /ˌs(j)u.pə(ɹ)ˈstɪ.ʃn̩/ /ˌs(j)u.pɚˈstɪ.ʃn̩/ /ˌs(j)u.pɚˈstɪ.ʃən/ /ˌs(j)uː.pə(ɹ)ˈstɪ.ʃən/ superstitions n
przesąd zabobon
A belief or beliefs, not based on human reason or scientific knowledge, that events may be influenced by one's behaviour in some magical or mystical way.

superstitious /ˌs(j)u.pɚˈstɪ.ʃəs/ /ˌs(j)uː.pəˈstɪ.ʃəs/ more superstitious most superstitious adj
przesądny zabobonny
Susceptible to superstitions.

superstitiously more superstitiously most superstitiously adv
przesądnie
In a superstitious manner.

superstructure superstructures n
nadbudowa nadbudówka
(nautical) Any structure built above the top full deck (FM 55-501).
nadbudowa
(Marxism) The social sphere of ideology which includes religion, art, politics, law and all traditional values.

supervillain supervillains n
superzłoczyńca
A fantasy-fiction criminal or evil-doer, often with supernatural powers or equipment, in popular children's and fantasy literature who can present a credible challenge for a superhero.

supervisor /ˈsuːpɚˌvaɪzɚ/ supervisors n
naczelnik nadzorca
(management) A person with the official task of overseeing the work of a person or group, or of other operations and activities.

supervisory board supervisory boards n
rada nadzorcza
A group of people chosen by the shareholders of a company to promote their interests through the governance of the company and to hire and supervise the executive directors and CEO.

supine /ˈs(j)uːpaɪn/ /ˈsuˌpaɪn/ /ˌsuˈpaɪn/ more supine most supine adj
bezwolny
(figuratively) Reluctant to take action due to indifference or moral weakness; apathetic or passive towards something.

supper /ˈsʌpə/ /ˈsʌpɚ/ suppers n
kolacja wieczerza
Food consumed before going to bed.
kolacja obiad
Any meal eaten in the evening; dinner eaten in the evening, rather than at noon.

supper /ˈsʌpə/ /ˈsʌpɚ/ v
wieczerzać
To eat dinner.

supplement /ˈsap.lə.mənt/ /ˈsʌp.lə.mənt/ /ˈsʌp.lɪ.mənt/ supplements n
dodatek uzupełnienie
Something added, especially to make up for a deficiency.
suplement
An extension to a document or publication that adds information, corrects errors or brings up to date.
odżywka suplement
(nutrition, bodybuilding) A vitamin, herbal extract or chemical compound ingested to meet dietary deficiencies or enhance muscular development.

supplementary angles n
kąty przyległe
(geometry) A pair of angles that sum to 180 degrees.

suppleness supplenesses n
elastyczność gibkość
The quality of being supple; litheness.

suppletion /səˈpliːʃən/ suppletions n
supletywizm
(linguistics, grammar) The use of an unrelated word or phrase to supply inflected forms otherwise lacking, e.g. using “to be able” as the infinitive of “can”, or “better” as the comparative of “good”, or “went” as the simple past of “go”.

suppliant /ˈsʌpliənt/ more suppliant most suppliant adj
błagający błagalny proszalny
Entreating with humility.

suppliant /ˈsʌpliənt/ suppliants n
suplikant
One who pleads or requests earnestly.

supplication /sʌplɪˈkeɪʃən/ supplications n
suplikacja
A prayer or entreaty to a god.

supplicatory more supplicatory most supplicatory adj
błagalny
begging, humbly beseeching, imploring

supplier /səˈplaɪə/ suppliers n
dostawca dostawczyni
One who supplies; a provider.

supply /səˈplaɪ/ supplies n
artykuł pierwszej potrzeby
(in the plural) Provisions.

supply /səˈplaɪ/ v
zaopatrywać zaopatrzyć
(transitive) To provide (something), to make (something) available for use.

supply and demand n
podaż i popyt
(economics) A capitalistic model of price determination in a market, according to which, holding all else equal in a competitive market, the unit price for a particular good will eventually settle at a point where the quantity demanded will equal the quantity supplied (at the current price).

supply chain supply chains n
łańcuch dostaw
A system of organizations, people, technology, activities, information and resources involved in moving a product or service from supplier to customer.

support /səˈpo(ː)ɹt/ /səˈpoət/ /səˈpɔɹt/ /səˈpɔːt/ [səˈpʰoɹt] [səˈpʰɔɹt] [səˈpʰɔːt] supports n
podpora wspornik
(sometimes, attributive) Something which supports.
wsparcie poparcie
Financial or other help.
wsparcie pomoc
Answers to questions and resolution of problems regarding something sold.
nośnik
(mathematics) in relation to a function, the set of points where the function is not zero; the closure of that set.

support /səˈpo(ː)ɹt/ /səˈpoət/ /səˈpɔɹt/ /səˈpɔːt/ [səˈpʰoɹt] [səˈpʰɔɹt] [səˈpʰɔːt] v
wspierać
(transitive) To help keep from falling.
(transitive) To help, particularly financially; to subsidize.
popierać kibicować
(transitive) To back or favor a cause, party, etc., mentally or with concrete aid.
wspomagać obsługiwać
(transitive, said of electronic devices, programming languages, etc.) To be designed to provide capacity for; to work or be compatible with (a part, accessory, file type, program, algorithm, etc.).

support group support groups n
grupa wsparcia
A group of people who informally support each other over a problem which all members share.

supporter /-ɾɚ/ /səˈpɔɹ.tɚ/ /səˈpɔː.tə/ supporters n
kibic
zwolennik adherent adherentka stronniczka stronnik zwolenniczka
A person who supports, promotes, advocates or champions a cause, movement, or political party; an adherent.
trzymacze
(heraldry) An animal or figure that supports a shield in a coat of arms.

supportive /səˈpo(ː)ɹtɪv/ /səˈpoətɪv/ /səˈpɔɹtɪv/ /səˈpɔːtɪv/ more supportive most supportive adj
wspierający
Providing support.

suppose /səˈpoʊz/ /səˈpəʊz/ /ˈspoʊz/ /ˈspəʊz/ [səˈpʰoʊz] [səˈpʰəʊz] [ˈspoʊz] [ˈspəʊz] v
przypuszczać przypuścić
(transitive) To take for granted; to conclude, with less than absolute supporting data; to believe.

supposed /spoʊst/ /spəʊst/ /səˈpoʊst/ /səˈpoʊzd/ /səˈpoʊzɪd/ /səˈpəʊst/ /səˈpəʊzd/ /səˈpəʊzɪd/ adj
domniemany rzekomy przypuszczalny
Alleged; assumed.
(with infinitive) Generally considered or expected.
(with infinitive) Having an obligation.
(with infinitive) Intended.

supposedly adv
podobno ponoć rzekomo
As a matter of supposition; in the beliefs or according to the claims of some people.

supposition /ˌsʌpəˈzɪʃən/ suppositions n
założenie
Something that is supposed; an assumption made to account for known facts, conjecture.

suppository /səˈpɑzɪˌtɔɹi/ /səˈpɒzɪtəɹi/ suppositories n
czopek
(medicine) A medicine in the form of a small plug that is inserted into a bodily cavity, especially the rectum, vagina or urethra, where it melts at body temperature.

suppression /səˈpɹɛʃən/ suppressions n
represja wyparcie
(psychology) A process in which a person consciously excludes anxiety-producing thoughts, feelings, or memories.
represja tłumienie
(military) The entirety of acts aimed at stopping or preventing the enemy to execute such unwanted activities like firing, regrouping, observation or others.

supraglacial more supraglacial most supraglacial adj
supraglacjalny
of, relating to, or situated or occurring at the surface of a glacier

supraliminal more supraliminal most supraliminal adj
nadprogowy
(psychology) Being above the threshold of consciousness or of sensation.

supranational adj
ponadpaństwowy
Beyond the borders or scope of any one nation.

suprarenal adj
nadnerczowy
located on, or above the kidney

supremacy /suˈpɹɛməsi/ supremacies n
przewaga supremacja
The quality of being supreme.
supremacja zwierzchnictwo
Power over all others.

supreme /səˈpɹim/ /ˌs(j)uːˈpɹiːm/ /ˌs(j)əˈpɹiːm/ /ˌs(j)ʊˈpɹiːm/ /ˌsuˈpɹim/ more supreme most supreme supremer supremest adj
najwyższy
Dominant, having power over all others.

supreme court supreme courts n
sąd najwyższy
A court of law which represents the highest legal authority within a jurisdiction.

supremum suprema supremums n
kres górny supremum
(set theory) (real analysis) : Given a subset X of R, the smallest real number that is ≥ every element of X; (order theory) : given a subset X of a partially ordered set P (with partial order ≤), the least element y of P such that every element of X is ≤ y.

sura suras suwar n
sura
Any of the 114 chapters of the Quran.

surcharge /ˈsɜː(ɹ)t͡ʃɑː(ɹ)d͡ʒ/ surcharges n
dopłata
An addition of extra charge on the agreed or stated price.

sure /sjuːɹ/ /sjʊəɹ/ /sɪʊ̯ɹ/ /ʃoʊ/ /ʃoː/ /ʃuɚ/ /ʃɔɹ/ /ʃɔː/ /ʃɜː/ /ʃɝ/ /ʃʊə/ /ʃʊɹ/ surer surest adj
pewny pewien
Physically secure and certain, non-failing, reliable.
pewny
Certain in one's knowledge or belief.

sure /sjuːɹ/ /sjʊəɹ/ /sɪʊ̯ɹ/ /ʃoʊ/ /ʃoː/ /ʃuɚ/ /ʃɔɹ/ /ʃɔː/ /ʃɜː/ /ʃɝ/ /ʃʊə/ /ʃʊɹ/ interjection
jasne pewnie spoko
Yes, expressing noncommittal agreement or consent.
oczywiście naturalnie pewnie!
Yes; of course.

sure as shooting adj
jak w banku

sure enough adv
faktycznie rzeczywiście
(idiomatic, evaluative) Just as one would expect.

surely /ˈʃɔɹli/ /ˈʃɔːli/ /ˈʃɝli/ /ˈʃʊəli/ /ˈʃʊɹli/ more surely most surely surelier sureliest adv
pewnie
Without fail.
With confidence.
niewątpliwie z pewnością na pewno
Certainly, undoubtedly.

surety /ˈʃɔːɹɪti/ /ˈʃʊəɹəti/ /ˈʃʊəɹɪti/ /ˈʃʊɹəti/ sureties n
poręczyciel
(legal) One who undertakes to pay money or perform other acts in the event that his principal fails therein.

suretyship /ˈʃɔːɹətiːʃɪp/ /ˈʃʊəɹɪtiːʃɪp/ suretyships n
poręczenie majątkowe
(legal) An accessory agreement through which one binds oneself for another already bound, either in whole or in part, as for one's debt, default or miscarriage; the assumption of liability for the obligations of another.

surf /sɜːf/ /sɝf/ surfs n
przybój
Waves that break on an ocean shoreline.

surf /sɜːf/ /sɝf/ v
surfować
(ambitransitive) To browse the Internet, television, etc.

surface /ˈsɜːfɪs/ /ˈsɝːfəs/ surfaces n
powierzchnia
The overside or up-side of a flat object such as a table, or of a liquid.
(mathematics, geometry) The locus of an equation (especially one with exactly two degrees of freedom) in a more-than-two-dimensional space.

surface tension surface tensions n
napięcie powierzchniowe
(physics) the effect on the surface of a liquid that makes it behave as a stretched elastic membrane; it is caused by unbalanced intermolecular forces

surfbird surfbirds n
brzegowiec
A small sandpiper, Aphriza virgata, endemic to the northwestern parts of North America.

surfboard /ˈsɜːfˌbɔːd/ /ˈsɝfˌbɔɹd/ surfboards n
deska surfingowa
A shaped waterproof plank, usually made of wood or foam and reinforced plastic, used to surf on waves.

surfeit /ˈsɜː.fɪt/ /ˈsɝː.fɪt/ surfeits n
przejedzenie
(uncountable) Overindulgence in either food or drink; overeating.
przesyt
(countable) A sickness or condition caused by overindulgence.
Disgust caused by excess; satiety.

surfer /ˈsɜː(ɹ)fə(ɹ)/ surfers n
surfer surferka
A person who rides a surfboard.
internauta surfer
A person who surfs the Internet.

surfing /ˈsɝfɪŋ/ surfings n
surfing
The pastime or sport of riding surf on a surfboard.

surge /sɜːd͡ʒ/ /sɝd͡ʒ/ surges n
skok napięcia
napływ przypływ
A sudden transient rush, flood or increase.

surgeon /ˈsɜːd͡ʒən/ /ˈsɝd͡ʒən/ surgeoness surgeons n
chirurg chirurżka
One who performs surgery; a doctor who performs operations on people or animals.

surgery /ˈsɜːd͡ʒəɹi/ /ˈsɝd͡ʒəɹi/ surgeries n
operacja chirurgia
(medicine, usually, _, uncountable) A procedure involving major incisions to remove, repair, or replace a part of a body.
chirurgia
(medicine) The medical specialty related to the performance of surgical procedures.
gabinet lekarski
A room or department where surgery is performed.
(British) A doctor's office.

surgical /ˈsɜːd͡ʒɪkəl/ /ˈsɝd͡ʒɪkəl/ more surgical most surgical adj
chirurgiczny
Of, relating to, used in, or resulting from surgery.
aptekarski chirurgiczny
(figuratively) Precise or very accurate.

surgical mask surgical masks n
maseczka chirurgiczna półmaska
(medicine, infectious disease) A mask worn to catch bacteria shed in liquid droplets and aerosols from the wearer's mouth and nose.
maseczka chirurgiczna
A medical-grade mask worn during surgery.

surgically adv
chirurgicznie
Relating to surgery; by means of surgery.

surimi /sʊəˈɹiːmi/ /ˈsʊəɹɪmi/ n
surimi
A white paste, made from ground fish, that is used to make formed and textured food products.

surjection /sɜː(ɹ)ˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/ surjections n
suriekcja
(set theory) A function for which every element of the codomain is mapped to by some element of the domain; (formally) Any function f: X\rightarrow Y for which for every y \in Y, there is at least one x \in X such that f(x) = y.

surjective /səˈd͡ʒɛktɪv/ /sɚˈd͡ʒɛktɪv/ adj
na suriektywny
(mathematics) of, relating to, or being a surjection

surjectivity n
cecha tego, co jest odpowiednie na [[funkcja "na"|funkcję "na"]]
The property of being surjective.

surmise /sɚˈmaɪz/ /sɜːˈmaɪz/ surmises n
domysł
Thought, imagination, or conjecture, which may be based upon feeble or scanty evidence; suspicion; guess.

surmise /sɚˈmaɪz/ /sɜːˈmaɪz/ v
domyślać się domyślić się
To imagine or suspect; to conjecture; to posit with contestable premises.

surname /ˈsɜːˌneɪm/ /ˈsɝˌneɪm/ surnames n
nazwisko
The name a person shares with other members of that person's family, distinguished from that person's given name(s); a family name.

surpass /səˈpɑːs/ /sɚˈpæs/ v
przewyższać przewyższyć
(transitive) To go beyond or exceed (something) in an adjudicative or literal sense.

surplice /ˈsɜːplɪs/ /ˈsɝplɪs/ surplices n
komeżka komża
A liturgical vestment of the Christian Church in the form of a tunic of white linen or cotton material, with wide or moderately wide sleeves, reaching to the hips or knees, usually featuring lace decoration and embroidered bordures.

surplus /ˈsɜːpləs/ /ˈsɝpləs/ /ˈsɝˌplʌs/ surpluses surplusses n
nadmiar nadwyżka
That which remains when use or need is satisfied, or when a limit is reached; excess; overplus.

surprise /səˈpɹaɪz/ /sɚˈpɹaɪz/ surprises n
niespodzianka zaskoczenie
Something unexpected.
niespodzianka zaskoczenie zdziwienie
The feeling that something unexpected has happened.

surprise /səˈpɹaɪz/ /sɚˈpɹaɪz/ v
dziwić zadziwić zdziwić
(transitive) To cause (someone) to feel unusually alarmed or delighted by something unexpected.
zaskoczyć zaskakiwać
(transitive) To do something to (a person) that they are not expecting, as a surprise.

surprised /səˈpɹaɪzd/ /sɚˈpɹaɪzd/ more surprised most surprised adj
zaskoczony zdziwiony
Caused to feel surprise, amazement or wonder, or showing an emotion due to an unexpected event.

surprising /səˈpɹaɪzɪŋ/ /sɚˈpɹaɪzɪŋ/ more surprising most surprising adj
cudowny
Causing surprise.

surprisingly /səˈpɹaɪzɪŋli/ more surprisingly most surprisingly adv
zadziwiająco zaskakująco
In a way that causes surprise because it is unexpected, or unusual.

surreal /səˈɹiː(.ə)l/ more surreal most surreal adj
surrealistyczny
Resembling a dream: fantastic and incongruous

surrealism /səˈɹiː(.ə)l.ɪz.əm/ surrealisms n
surrealizm
An artistic movement and an aesthetic philosophy that aims for the liberation of the mind by emphasizing the critical and imaginative powers of the subconscious.

surrealist more surrealist most surrealist adj
surrealistyczny
of, or relating to surrealism

surrealist surrealists n
surrealista surrealistka
a surrealist artist

surrealistically more surrealistically most surrealistically adv
surrealistycznie
In a surreal manner.

surrender /səˈɹɛndə(ɹ)/ /səˈɹɛndɚ/ surrenders n
kapitulacja
An act of surrendering, submission into the possession of another; abandonment, resignation.

surrender /səˈɹɛndə(ɹ)/ /səˈɹɛndɚ/ v
kapitulować poddawać poddać skapitulować
(intransitive, or, reflexive) To give oneself up into the power of another, especially as a prisoner; to submit or give in.

surrogacy /ˈsɝəɡəsi/ /ˈsʌɹəɡəsi/ surrogacies n
surogacja
The practice of being a surrogate mother.

surrogate /ˈsɝəɡeɪt/ /ˈsɝəɡɪt/ /ˈsʌɹəɡeɪt/ /ˈsʌɹəɡɪt/ more surrogate most surrogate adj
surogatowy zastępczy
Of, concerning, relating to or acting as a substitute.

surrogate /ˈsɝəɡeɪt/ /ˈsɝəɡɪt/ /ˈsʌɹəɡeɪt/ /ˈsʌɹəɡɪt/ surrogates n
erzac surogat
A substitute (usually of a person, position or role).

surrogate /ˈsɝəɡeɪt/ /ˈsɝəɡɪt/ /ˈsʌɹəɡeɪt/ /ˈsʌɹəɡɪt/ v
zastąpić zastępować
(transitive) To replace or substitute something with something else; to appoint a successor.

surrogate mother surrogate mothers n
matka zastępcza surogatka
A woman who gives birth to a child not her own, with the intent to give that child up to at least one of the biological parents once it is born.

surrogation surrogations n
surogacja

surround /səˈɹaʊnd/ v
otaczać
(transitive) To encircle something or simultaneously extend in all directions.
(transitive) To enclose or confine something on all sides so as to prevent escape.

surroundings /səˈɹaʊndɪŋz/ n
okolica
The area surrounding someone or something, together with the objects and circumstances in the vicinity; the environment or ambiance.

surveillance /səɾˈveː.ljəns/ /səˈveɪ.ləns/ /sɚˈveɪ.ləns/ surveillances n
inwigilacja
Close observation of an individual or group; person or persons under suspicion.

survey /səˈveɪ/ /sɚˈveɪ/ /sɜːˈveɪ/ /ˈsɜːveɪ/ /ˈsɝˌveɪ/ surveys n
ankieta nadzór
The act of surveying; a general view.
ankieta
A particular view; an examination, especially an official examination, of a particular group of items, in order to ascertain the condition, quantity, or quality.
ankieta przegląd
An examination of the opinions of a group of people.

survey /səˈveɪ/ /sɚˈveɪ/ /sɜːˈveɪ/ /ˈsɜːveɪ/ /ˈsɝˌveɪ/ v
ankietować ankietyzować zankietować
To investigate the opinions, experiences, etc., of people by asking them questions; to conduct a survey; to administer a questionnaire.

surveyee /ˌsɜː(ɹ)veɪˈiː/ surveyees n
ankietowana ankietowany respondent respondentka

surveying /səˈveɪ.ɪŋ/ /sɚˈveɪ.ɪŋ/ surveyings n
ankietyzacja
The applied science of accurately determining the position of points and the distances between them.

surveyor surveyors n
geodeta
A person occupied with surveying -- the process of determining positions on the earth's surface.

survival /səˈvaɪ.vəl/ /səˈvʌɪ.vəl/ /sɚˈvaɪ.vəl/ survivals n
przetrwanie przeżycie
The fact or act of surviving; continued existence or life.

survival instinct survival instincts n
instynkt przetrwania instynkt samozachowawczy

survival of the fittest n
przetrwanie najsilniejszych
(evolutionary theory) Natural selection.

survivalist survivalists n
preppers surwiwalista
A person who believes in being prepared to survive and is actively preparing for possible future emergencies and disruptions in local, regional, national, or international social or political order.

survive /səˈvaɪv/ /səˈvʌɪv/ /sɚˈvaɪv/ v
przeżyć przeżywać przetrwać
(intransitive) Of a person, to continue to live; to remain alive.
przeżyć przeżywać
(intransitive) Of an object or concept, to continue to exist.
przeżyć
(transitive) To live longer than; to outlive.
(transitive) To live past a life-threatening event.

survivor /sɚˈvaɪvɚ/ survivors n
ocalała ocalały
One who survives, especially one who survives a traumatic experience.

survivor guilt n
syndrom KZ

survivorship bias survivorship biases n
błąd przeżywalności
A form of selection bias in which only the people or things that "survived" some process are considered, while those that did not are inadvertently overlooked because of their lack of visibility.

susceptibility /səˌsɛptəˈbɪlɪti/ susceptibilities n
podatność
the condition of being susceptible; vulnerability
czułość
emotional sensitivity.

susceptible /səˈsɛptɪbl̩/ more susceptible most susceptible adj
podatny
Likely to be affected by something.
wrażliwy
(medicine) Especially sensitive, particularly to a stimulus.

sushi /ˈsuʃi/ /ˈsuːʃi/ sushis n
sushi
(proscribed) Raw fish, especially as a Japanese dish.

suslik /ˈsʊslɪk/ /ˈsʌslɪk/ susliks n
suseł
Any of several large Eurasian squirrels, of the genera Citellus or Spermophilus.

suspect /səˈspɛkt/ /ˈsʌs.pɛkt/ more suspect most suspect adj
podejrzany
Viewed with suspicion; suspected.

suspect /səˈspɛkt/ /ˈsʌs.pɛkt/ suspects n
podejrzany podejrzana
A person who is suspected of something, in particular of committing a crime.

suspect /səˈspɛkt/ /ˈsʌs.pɛkt/ v
podejrzewać
(transitive) To believe (someone) to be guilty.

suspend /səsˈpɛnd/ v
zawiesić zawieszać
To halt something temporarily.
To discontinue or interrupt a function, task, position, or event.
To hang freely; underhang.

suspend one's disbelief v
świadome zawieszenie sceptycyzmu
(idiomatic) To willingly accept the premise of a story or work of art, usually for the sake of enjoying it.

suspended sentence suspended sentences n
kara w zawieszeniu warunkowe zawieszenie kary zawiasy
(legal) A sentence which the offender serves in probation unless he/she commits another crime during the period the sentence is in force.

suspender /səˈspɛndə/ /səˈspɛndɚ/ suspenders n
szelka
(US) An item of apparel consisting of a strap worn over the shoulder and used to hold up trousers.

suspense /səˈspɛns/ suspenses n
suspens suspensja
(legal) A temporary cessation of one's right; suspension, as when the rent or other profits of land cease by unity of possession of land and rent.

suspension /səˈspɛnʃən/ suspensions n
zawieszenie
The act of suspending, or the state of being suspended.
The temporary barring of a person from a workplace, society, etc. pending investigation into alleged misconduct.
(education) The process of barring a student from school grounds as a form of punishment (particularly out-of-school suspension).
(vehicle) The system of springs and shock absorbers connected to the wheels in an automobile, which allows the vehicle to move smoothly with reduced shock to its occupants.
suspensja zawiesina
(chemistry, physics) The state of a solid or substance produced when its particles are mixed with, but not dissolved in, a fluid, and are capable of separation by straining.
napięcie
The act of keeping a person who is listening in doubt and expectation of what is to follow.

suspension bridge suspension bridges n
most wiszący
A bridge whose deck or roadway is suspended from cables.

suspension of disbelief suspensions of disbelief n
zawieszenie niewiary
People's acceptance, for the sake of appreciation of art (including literature and the like), of what they know to be a nonfactual premise of the work of art.

suspicion /səˈspɪʃ.ən/ suspicions n
podejrzenie
The act of suspecting something or someone, especially of something wrong.
The condition of being suspected.
The imagining of something without evidence.
podejrzliwość
Uncertainty, doubt.
cień poszlaka trop ślad
A trace, or slight indication.

suspicious /səˈspɪʃ.əs/ more suspicious most suspicious adj
podejrzany
Arousing suspicion.
podejrzliwy nieufny
Distrustful or tending to suspect.
Expressing suspicion

suspiciousness n
podejrzliwość
The state or quality of being suspicious in the sense of being distrustful or tending to suspect.

sustain /səˈsteɪn/ /səˈstæɪn/ v
utrzymywać podtrzymać
(transitive) To provide for or nourish.
podtrzymać
To keep from falling; to bear; to uphold; to support.

sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbəl/ more sustainable most sustainable adj
możliwy do utrzymania podtrzymywalny
Able to be sustained.
Able to be produced or sustained for an indefinite period without damaging the environment, or without depleting a resource; renewable.

sustainable development sustainable developments n
zrównoważony rozwój
(agriculture, ecology) Development which seeks to produce sustainable economic growth while ensuring future generations' ability to do the same by not exceeding the regenerative capacity of nature.

sutler /ˈsʌtlə/ /ˈsʌtləɹ/ sutlers n
markietan markietanka
A person who follows an army, selling provisions.

sutra /ˈsuːtɹə/ sutras n
sutra
A rule or thesis in Sanskrit grammar or Hindu law or philosophy.
(Buddhism, Hinduism) A scriptural narrative, especially a discourse of the Buddha.

suture /ˈs(j)uː.tjʊə/ /ˈs(j)uː.tʃə/ /ˈsu.t͡ʃɚ/ sutures n
szew
(botany) The seam at the union of two margins in a plant.

suzerain /ˈs(j)uz(ə)ɹən/ /ˈs(j)uzəˌɹeɪ̯n/ suzerains n
suzeren
(historical) A feudal landowner to whom vassals were forced to pledge allegiance.

svelte /ˈsfɛlt/ /ˈsvɛlt/ svelter sveltest adj
smukły
Attractively thin; gracefully slender. [from 1810s]

svirel svirels n
żalejka
(musical instruments) An old folk Russian wind instrument of the end-blown flute type.

swab /swɒb/ swabs n
wacik
(medicine) A small piece of soft, absorbent material, such as gauze, used to clean wounds, apply medicine, or take samples of body fluids. Often attached to a stick or wire to aid access.

swaddling clothes n
powijaki
A garment, made of strips of cloth, used to bind an infant and restrict movement of its limbs.
(idiomatic) An early period in development, infancy, the beginnings of something; inception.

swag /swæɡ/ v
maniera styl zdobycz łup
(Australia, ambitransitive) To travel on foot carrying a swag (possessions tied in a blanket). [From 1850s.]

swain /sweɪn/ swains n
giermek
(obsolete) A young man or boy in service; a servant.

swallow /ˈswɑ.loʊ/ /ˈswɒ.ləʊ/ [ˈswɑ.wɜʊ̯] [ˈswɑ.ɫoʊ̯] swallows n
jaskółka dymówka
A small, migratory bird of the Hirundinidae family with long, pointed, moon-shaped wings and a forked tail which feeds on the wing by catching insects.
łyk
The amount swallowed in one gulp; the act of swallowing.

swallow /ˈswɑ.loʊ/ /ˈswɒ.ləʊ/ [ˈswɑ.wɜʊ̯] [ˈswɑ.ɫoʊ̯] v
połykać połknąć
(transitive) To cause (food, drink etc.) to pass from the mouth into the stomach; to take into the stomach through the throat. [from 11th c.]
(transitive) To take (something) in so that it disappears; to consume, absorb. [from 13th c.]
(intransitive) To take food down into the stomach; to make the muscular contractions of the oesophagus to achieve this, often taken as a sign of nervousness or strong emotion. [from 18th c.]

swallow one's pride v
chować ambicję do kieszeni schować ambicję do kieszeni
(idiomatic) To set aside one's feelings of pride and adopt a more humble or appropriate stance.

swallow-tailed kite swallow-tailed kites n
jaskólak
Any of the species of kite native from southeastern North America through most of South America,Elanoides forficatus.

swallowtail /ˈswɒl.əʊˌteɪl/ swallowtails n
frak
A type of tailcoat with two long tapering tails.
paź królowej
Any of various butterflies of the family Papilionidae, many of which have a long extension to each hindwing.

swamp /swɑmp/ /swɒmp/ swamps n
bagno błota bagnisko moczar trzęsawisko
A piece of wet, spongy land; low ground saturated with water; soft, wet ground which may have a growth of certain kinds of trees, but is unfit for agricultural or pastoral purposes.

swampiness n
bagienność bagnistość

swampy swampier swampiest adj
bagienny bagnisty błotnisty błotny
Soggy and marshy; wet like a swamp.

swan /swɑn/ /swɒn/ swan swans n
łabędź
Any of various species of large, long-necked waterfowl, of genus Cygnus (bird family: Anatidae), most of which have white plumage.

swan song swan songs n
łabędzi śpiew
(idiomatic) A final performance or accomplishment, especially one before retirement.

swap /swɒp/ swaps n
zamiana swap
An exchange of two comparable things.
swap
(finance) A financial derivative in which two parties agree to exchange one stream of cashflow against another stream.

swap /swɒp/ v
zamieniać zamienić
(transitive) To exchange or give (something) in an exchange (for something else).

swaption swaptions n
swapcja
(finance) An instrument granting the owner an option to enter an interest rate swap.

sward /swɔɹd/ /swɔːd/ swards n
darń
(uncountable) Earth which grass has grown into the upper layer of; greensward, sod, turf; (countable) a portion of such earth.

swarf /swɔɹf/ /swɔːf/ swarfs n
wiór

swarm /swɔɹm/ /swɔːm/ swarms n
rój
A large number of insects, especially when in motion or (for bees) migrating to a new colony.
mrowie
A mass of people, animals or things in motion or turmoil.

swashbuckler swashbucklers n
szermierz
A swordsman or fencer who engages in showy or extravagant swordplay.
płaszcza i szpady
A kind of period adventure story with flashy action and a lighthearted tone.

swashbuckling more swashbuckling most swashbuckling adj
zawadiacki
Adventurous, exciting.

swastika /ˈswɑstəkə/ /ˈswɑstɪkə/ /ˈswɒstəkə/ /ˈswɒstɪkə/ /ˈswɔstɘkɘ/ swastikas n
swastyka
(countable) A cross with arms of equal length all bent halfway along at a 90° angle to the right or to the left, used as a religious symbol by various ancient and modern civilizations, but now mainly seen and used in the West (with arms angled to the right) as a symbol of Nazism and fascism.

swath /sweɪð/ /swɑð/ /swɑθ/ /swɒθ/ /swɔð/ /swɔθ/ swaths n
pokos
The track cut out by a scythe in mowing.
pas
(often, figuratively) A broad sweep or expanse, such as of land or of people.

sway /sweɪ/ sways n
władza
Rule; dominion; control; power.

sway /sweɪ/ v
rządzić
To influence or direct by power, authority, persuasion, or by moral force; to rule; to govern; to guide. Compare persuade.
trząść
To cause to incline or swing to one side, or backward and forward; to bias; to turn; to bend; warp.

swear /swɛə/ /swɛɚ/ v
przysięgać przysiąc kląć się przyrzec przyrzekać zaklinać się
(transitive) To take an oath that an assertion is true.
kląć przeklinać bluzgać bluznąć przekląć skląć
(ambitransitive) To use offensive, profane, or obscene language.

swear like a trooper v
kląć jak szewc

swear on a stack of Bibles v
przysięgać na wszystkie świętości

swear word swear words n
przekleństwo
A word considered taboo and vulgar or offensive.

sweat /swɛt/ sweats n
pot
Fluid that exits the body through pores in the skin usually due to physical stress and/or high temperature for the purpose of regulating body temperature and removing certain compounds from the circulation.

sweat /swɛt/ v
pocić się spocić
(intransitive) To emit sweat.
pocić się
(intransitive, informal) To work hard.

sweat like a pig v
pocić się jak mysz spocić się jak mysz
(simile) To sweat profusely; to produce a lot of perspiration.

sweat of one's brow /ˈswɛt əv wɒnz ˈbɹaʊ/ /ˈswɛt əv wʌnz ˈbɹaʊ/ n
w pocie czoła
(idiomatic) The effort extended in (often manual) labour, and the value created thereby.

sweater /-ɾɚ/ /ˈswetə/ /ˈswɛtə/ /ˈswɛtɚ/ sweaters n
sweter
A knitted jacket or jersey, usually of thick wool, worn by athletes before or after exercise.
sweter pulower
(US) A similar garment worn for warmth.

sweatshirt sweatshirts n
bluza
A loose shirt, usually made of a knit fleece, for athletic wear and now often used as casual apparel.

sweatsuit sweatsuits n
dres dresy
A two-piece garment worn during exercise.

sweaty /ˈswɛti/ [ˈswɛɾi] sweatier sweatiest adj
spocony
Covered in sweat.
pocić
Having a tendency to sweat.

sweep /swiːp/ v
zamiatać zamieść
(transitive) To clean (a surface) by means of a stroking motion of a broom or brush.

sweep something under the rug v
zamiatać pod dywan zamieść pod dywan
(idiomatic) To conceal a problem, (usually embarrassing or illegal) expediently, rather than remedy it thoroughly.

sweeping /ˈswiːpɪŋ/ more sweeping most sweeping adj
doszczętny
Wide, broad, affecting or touching upon many things.

sweet /swit/ /swiːt/ sweeter sweetest adj
słodki
Tasting of sugars.
Not of a salty taste.
Of a pleasant smell.
słodki słodzony
(wine) Retaining a portion of sugar.
słodki melodyjny
Of a pleasant sound.
słodki miły uroczy
Of a pleasing disposition.
miły uroczy
Of a helpful disposition.

sweet /swit/ /swiːt/ more sweet most sweet adv
słodko
In a sweet manner.

sweet /swit/ /swiːt/ sweets n
cukierek słodycze
(countable, especially, _, UK) A confection made from sugar, or high in sugar content; a candy.

sweet chestnut sweet chestnuts n
kasztan jadalny
A type of deciduous tree native to Europe, Castanea sativa.
The edible nuts of this tree.

sweet dreams /ˌswiːt ˈdɹiːmz/ phraseologicalUnit
słodkich snów
(idiomatic) Said to someone before they fall asleep, wishing them a good sleep.

sweet flag sweet flags n
ajer lepiech tatarak tatarak zwyczajny tatarskie ziele lepiecha
A perennial wetland plant, Acorus calamus, with an aromatic medicinal root, formerly used to strew floors.

sweet gum sweet gums n
ambra ambrowiec
Liquidambar styraciflua, the sweet gum tree.

sweet potato /ˈswiːt pəˈteɪtəʊ/ sweet potatoes n
batat wilec ziemniaczany
A tropical perennial American vine, Ipomoea batatas, having a fleshy tuber.
The tuber of this plant cooked as a vegetable.

sweet woodruff n
przytulia wonna marzanka wonna
An aromatic perennial plant, formerly used as a strewing herb, Galium odoratum (formerly Asperula odorata), with small white flowers.

sweetbread /ˈswitˌbɹɛd/ /ˈswiːtbɹɛd/ sweetbreads n
grasica trzustka
The pancreas or thymus gland of an animal, especially a lamb or calf, as food.

sweeten /ˈswiːtən/ [ˈswiːtn̩] [ˈswiːʔn̩] v
słodzić
(transitive) To make sweet to the taste.
(transitive) To soften to the eye; to make delicate.

sweetener sweeteners n
słodzik
Something added to food to sweeten its taste, especially an artificial substitute for sugar.

sweetheart /ˈswitˌhɑɹt/ /ˈswiːtˌhɑːt/ [ˈswiˌɾ(ʱ)ɑɹt̠̚] sweethearts n
baranek
A person who is always very kind.
kochanie sympatia ukochana ukochany
A person very much liked or loved by someone, especially when both partners are young.

sweetly /ˈswiːtli/ more sweetly most sweetly sweetlier sweetliest adv
słodko
In a sweet or pleasant manner.

sweetness /ˈswitnəs/ /ˈswiːtnəs/ sweetnesses n
słodycz
The condition of being sweet (all senses).
A pleasant disposition; kindness.

sweetness and light /ˌswitnəs n̩ ˈlaɪt/ /ˌswiːtnəs n̩ ˈlaɪt/ n
do rany przyłóż
(idiomatic, often, in the negative, or, ironic) That which is good, pleasant, pure, etc.

sweets n
słodycze
Confectionery, candy.

sweetshop sweetshops n
cukiernia
A shop selling confectionery, especially one that sells predominantly confectionery.

swell /swɛl/ swells n
falowanie
A long series of ocean waves, generally produced by wind, and lasting after the wind has ceased.

swell /swɛl/ v
puchnąć pęcznieć powiększać
(intransitive) To become bigger, especially due to being engorged.

swelling /ˈswɛl.ɪŋ/ swellings n
obrzęk opuchlizna
The state of being swollen.

swerve /swɜːv/ /swɝv/ v
błądzić
(archaic) To stray; to wander; to rove.
zbaczać zboczyć
To go out of a straight line; to deflect.

swift /swɪft/ swifter swiftest adj
szybki
Fast; quick; rapid.

swift /swɪft/ swifts n
jerzyk
A small plain-colored bird of the family Apodidae that resembles a swallow and is noted for its rapid flight.

swift fox swift foxes n
lis płowy
Vulpes velox, a species of fox found in the central United States.

swig /swɪɡ/ v
żłopać
To drink (usually by gulping or in a greedy or unrefined manner); to quaff.

swim /swɪm/ v
pływać płynąć
(intransitive) To move through the water, without touching the bottom; to propel oneself in water by natural means.

swim bladder swim bladders n
pęcherz pławny
(anatomy, usually of fish) A gas-filled sac within the bodies of most fish that variously acts as a float, lung, sound-producing organ or an aid to hearing.

swim cap swim caps n
czepek czepek pływacki
a silicone, latex or lycra cap worn on the head by recreational and competitive swimmers.

swim diaper swim diapers n
kąpieluszka
(Canada, US) A swimsuit incorporating a thick moisture-absorbent layer and a tight seal to protect the water from leaking out, eliminating the need for a diaper within the swimsuit.

swimmer /ˈswɪm.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈswɪm.ɚ/ swimmers n
pływak pływaczka
One who swims.

swimming /ˈswɪmɪŋ/ swimmings n
pływanie pływactwo
The act or art of sustaining and propelling the body in water.

swimming goggles n
okulary do pływania okulary pływackie
Goggles to protect the eyes from material in the water, while swimming.

swimming pool /ˈswɪmɪŋ ˌpuːl/ swimming pools n
basen
A pool of water used for swimming, usually one which has been artificially constructed.

swimming trunks n
kąpielówki spodenki kąpielowe
A pair of shorts or briefs worn for swimming or bathing.

swimmingly /-ɡli/ /ˈswɪmɪŋli/ more swimmingly most swimmingly adv
jak z płatka
(figuratively, informal) In a very favourable manner; without difficulty; agreeably, successfully.

swimsuit /swɪm.s(j)ut/ swimsuits n
kostium kąpielowy kąpielówki strój kąpielowy
A garment worn for swimming.

swindle /ˈswɪnd(ə)l/ v
szwindlować
(transitive) To defraud.

swindler /ˈswɪnd.lə(ɹ)/ swindlers n
oszust szuler
A person who swindles, cheats or defrauds.

swine /swaɪn/ swine swines n
świnia
(pejorative) A contemptible person (plural swines).

swineherd /ˈswaɪnˌhɜːd/ swineherds n
świniarka świniarz świniopas
A person who herds and tends swine, a keeper of swine (pigs).

swing /ˈswɪŋ/ swings n
huśtawka bujaczka bujawka
A line, cord, or other thing suspended and hanging loose, upon which anything may swing.
A hanging seat that can swing back and forth, in a children's playground, for acrobats in a circus, or on a porch for relaxing.

swing /ˈswɪŋ/ v
huśtać się
(intransitive) To ride on a swing.
bachnąć
(transitive) To move (an object) backward and forward; to wave.

swing by v
zahaczać zahaczyć

swipe /swaɪp/ v
zakosić
(transitive, informal) To steal or snatch.

swipple swipples n
bijak
The part of a flail that is free to swing, and which strikes the grain in threshing.

swish /swɪʃ/ v
szeleścić
To make a rustling sound while moving.

switch /swɪt͡ʃ/ switches n
wyłącznik przełącznik łącznik
A device to turn electric current on and off or direct its flow.
zwrotnica
(rail transport, US) A movable section of railroad track which allows the train to be directed down one of two destination tracks; (set of) points.
switch
(telecommunication) A system of specialized relays, computer hardware, or other equipment which allows the interconnection of a calling party's telephone line with any called party's line.

switch off v
wyłączyć wyłączać
(transitive) To turn a switch to the "off" position in order to stop or disable a device.

switch on v
włączyć włączać
(transitive) To turn a switch to the "on" position in order to start or enable a device.

switchblade switchblades n
nóż sprężynowy sprężynowiec
A folding knife with a blade which opens automatically (under spring pressure) when a button is pressed.

swivel chair swivel chairs n
krzesło obrotowe
A chair with a rotating seat, typically used in an office or at a computer.

swollen /ˈswoʊ.lən/ /ˈswəʊ.lən/ more swollen most swollen adj
spuchnięty
protuberant or abnormally distended (as by injury or disease).

sword /so(ː)ɹd/ /soəd/ /swɔːrd/ [soːd] [soːɹd] [sɔɹd] [sɔːd] swords n
miecz
(weaponry) A long bladed weapon with a grip and typically a pommel and crossguard (together forming a hilt), which is designed to cut, stab, slash and/or hack.
(card games) A suit in certain playing card decks, particularly those used in Spain and Italy, or those used for divination.

sword of Damocles /ˈsɔɹd əv ˈdæməkliz/ swords of Damocles n
miecz Damoklesa
A thing or situation which causes a prolonged state of impending doom or misfortune.

swordfish /ˈsɔː(ɹ)dfɪʃ/ swordfish swordfishes n
miecznik włócznik ryba miecz
A large marine fish with a long, pointed bill, Xiphias gladius.

swordsman swordsmen n
szermierz
A person skilled at using swords in sport or combat; a fencer.
A person who fights with a sword.

swordsmith swordsmiths n
kowal
A maker of swords.

sworn /swo(ː)ɹn/ /swoən/ /swɔɹn/ /swɔːn/ adj
przysięgły
Given or declared under oath.

swot /swɑt/ /swɒt/ /swɔt/ swots n
kujon
(slang, British) One who swots; a boffin, nerd, or smart aleck.

swot /swɑt/ /swɒt/ /swɔt/ v
kuć wkuwać wkuć
(intransitive, slang, British) To study with effort or determination (object of study indicated by "up on").

sycamore /ˈsɪkəmɔɹ/ /ˈsɪkəmɔː/ sycamores n
platan
(US) Any of several North American plane trees, of the genus Platanus, especially Platanus occidentalis (American sycamore), distinguished by its mottled bark which flakes off in large irregular masses.

sycamore maple sycamore maples n
jawor
(chiefly, US) The British and European sycamore tree, Acer pseudoplatanus.

sycophant /ˈsaɪkəfænt/ /ˈsaɪkəfənt/ /ˈsɪkəfænt/ /ˈsɪkəfənt/ sycophants n
cmokier lizus pochlebca
One who uses obsequious compliments to gain self-serving favour or advantage from another; a servile flatterer.

sycophantic /sɪkəˈfæntɪk/ more sycophantic most sycophantic adj
służalczy
Obsequious, flattering, toadying. In other words, excessively eager to please.

syllabary /sɪˈlæbəɹi/ /ˈsɪləˌbɛɹi/ syllabaries n
sylabariusz
(orthography) A table or list of syllabic letters or syllables.
(orthography) A writing system where each character represents a complete syllable.

syllabic /sɪˈlæb.ɪk/ more syllabic most syllabic adj
sylabiczny sylabowy zgłoskotwórczy zgłoskowy
Of, relating to, or consisting of a syllable or syllables.
sylabiczny
(linguistics) Designating a sound that is or can be the most sonorant segment of a syllable, as a vowel or a resonant. In the word riddle ([ɹɪdl̩]), the two syllabic sounds are [ɪ] and [l̩].
Of, or being a form of verse, based on the number of syllables in a line rather than on the arrangement of accents or quantities.

syllabification /sɪˌlæbɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ syllabifications n
sylabifikacja
The division of a word into syllables.

syllable /ˈsɪl.ə.bəl/ [ˈsɪl.ə.bɫ̩] syllables n
sylaba zgłoska
(linguistics) A unit of human speech that is interpreted by the listener as a single sound, although syllables usually consist of one or more vowel sounds, either alone or combined with the sound of one or more consonants; a word consists of one or more syllables.

syllabus /ˈsɪləbəs/ syllabi syllabuses n
program nauczania sylabus syllabus
(education) A summary of topics which will be covered during an academic course, or a text or lecture.
(law) The headnote of a reported case; the brief statement of the points of law determined prefixed to a reported case.

syllepsis /sɪˈlɛp.sɪs/ syllepses n
syllepsis syllepsa
(rhetoric) A figure of speech in which one word simultaneously modifies two or more other words such that the modification must be understood differently with respect to each modified word; often causing humorous incongruity.

syllogism /ˈsɪlədʒɪz(ə)m/ syllogisms n
sylogizm
(logic) An argument whose conclusion is supported by two premises, of which one contains the term that is the predicate of the conclusion, and the other contains the term that is the subject of the conclusion; common to both premises is a term that is excluded from the conclusion.

sylph /sɪlf/ sylphs n
sylf sylfida
The elemental being of air, usually female.
sylfida
(by extension) A slender woman or girl, usually graceful and sometimes with the implication of sublime station over everyday people.

symbiont symbionts n
symbiont
(ecology) An organism that lives in a symbiotic relationship.

symbiosis /sɪmbaɪˈoʊsɪs/ /sɪmbiˈoʊsɪs/ symbioses n
symbioza
A relationship of mutual benefit, especially among different species.

symbol /ˈsɪmbəl/ symbols n
symbol
A character or glyph representing an idea, concept or object.
(linguistics) A type of noun whereby the form refers to the same entity independently of the context; a symbol arbitrarily denotes a referent. See also icon and index.
A summary of a dogmatic statement of faith.
(programming) An internal identifier used by a debugger to relate parts of the compiled program to the corresponding names in the source code.

symbolic more symbolic most symbolic adj
symboliczny
Pertaining to a symbol.

symbolically /ˌsɪmˈbɑːlɪklɪ/ /ˌsɪmˈbɒlɪklɪ/ more symbolically most symbolically adv
symbolicznie
In a symbolic manner.

symbolism /ˈsɪmbəˌlɪzəm/ symbolisms n
symbolika symbolizm
Representation of a concept through symbols or underlying meanings of objects or qualities. [from between 1645 and 1655.]

symbolize /ˈsɪmbəlaɪz/ v
symbolizować
(transitive) To be symbolic of; to represent.

symmetric matrix symmetric matrices symmetric matrixes n
macierz symetryczna
(mathematics) A square matrix that is its own transpose, and is thereby symmetric about the main diagonal

symmetrical /sɪˈmɛtɹɪkəl/ more symmetrical most symmetrical adj
symetryczny
Exhibiting symmetry; having harmonious or proportionate arrangement of parts; having corresponding parts or relations.

symmetry /ˈsɪmɪtɹi/ symmetries n
symetria
Exact correspondence on either side of a dividing line, plane, center or axis.
The satisfying arrangement of a balanced distribution of the elements of a whole.

sympathectomy sympathectomies n
sympatektomia
(neurosurgery) The surgical cutting of a nerve in the sympathetic nervous system.

sympathetic /ˌsɪm.pəˈθɛt.ɪk/ more sympathetic most sympathetic adj
współczujący
Of, related to, feeling, showing, or characterized by sympathy.

sympathetic nervous system sympathetic nervous systems n
układ sympatyczny
(neuroanatomy) The part of the autonomic nervous system that raises blood pressure and heart rate, constricts blood vessels, and dilates the pupils when under stress.

sympathizer sympathizers n
sympatyczka sympatyk
(often, derogatory) A person who sympathizes (with a political cause, a side in a conflict, etc.); a supporter.

sympathy /ˈsɪm.pəθ.i/ sympathies n
współczucie
A feeling of pity or sorrow for the suffering or distress of another.
sympatia
An affinity, association or mutual relationship between people or things such that they are correspondingly affected by any condition.

symphonic /sɪmˈfɒnɪk/ more symphonic most symphonic adj
symfoniczny
(music) Characteristic of a symphony

symphonist symphonists n
symfonista symfonistka
A composer of symphonies

symphony /ˈsɪm.fə.ni/ [ˈsɪɱ.fə.ni] symphonies n
symfonia
An extended piece of music of sophisticated structure, usually for orchestra.

symphony orchestra symphony orchestras n
orkiestra symfoniczna
(music) A large orchestra that traditionally plays Western classical orchestral music.

symploce /ˈsɪmploʊsi/ symploces n
symploka

symposium /sɪm.ˈpoʊ.zi.əm/ symposia symposiums n
sympozjum
A conference or other meeting for discussion of a topic, especially one in which the participants make presentations.

symptom /ˈsɪm(p)təm/ symptoms n
objaw symptom
(medicine) A perceived change in some function, sensation or appearance of a person that indicates a disease or disorder, such as fever, headache or rash; strictly, a symptom is felt or experienced by the patient, while a sign can be detected by an observer.
symptom objaw
(figuratively) A signal; anything that indicates, or is characteristic of, the presence of something else, especially of something undesirable.

symptomatic /ˌsɪmp.təˈmæt.ɪk/ more symptomatic most symptomatic adj
symptomatyczny
(medicine) Of a treatment, that only affects the symptoms of a disease without targeting the underlying cause.
(medicine) Relating to symptomatics.

symptomatology symptomatologies n
symptomatologia
(uncountable) The science that studies the symptoms of diseases.

symptomless adj
bezobjawowy
Lacking symptoms.

symptomlessly adv
bezobjawowo
In a symptomless way.

symptomlessness n
bezobjawowość
Absence of symptoms.

syn- prefix
syn-

synaesthesia /ˌsɪn.əsˈθi.ʒə/ /ˌsɪn.ɪsˈθiː.zɪ.ə/ /ˌsɪn.ɪsˈθiː.ʒə/ synaesthesiae synaesthesias n
synestezja
(neurology, psychology) A neurological or psychological phenomenon whereby a particular sensory stimulus triggers a second kind of sensation. [from late 19th c.]
(arts, literature) A literary or artistic device whereby one kind of sensation is described in the terms of another.

synagogal more synagogal most synagogal adj
synagogalny
Of or pertaining to a synagogue.

synagogue /ˈsɪ.nəˌɡɑɡ/ /ˈsɪ.nəˌɡɒɡ/ synagogues n
synagoga bożnica
A place of worship for Jews or Samaritans.

synarchy /ˈsɪnəki/ /ˈsɪnɚki/ synarchies n
synarchia
Joint rule or sovereignty.

synchrocyclotron /sɪŋkɹəʊˈsaɪklətɹɒn/ synchrocyclotrons n
synchrocyklotron
A particle accelerator like a cyclotron, but which operates at variable frequency to account for the particles gaining energy, allowing for greater energies to be achieved.

synchronicity synchronicities n
synchronia synchroniczność synchronizm
(uncountable) The state of being synchronous or simultaneous.

synchronised skating n
łyżwiarstwo synchroniczne
A discipline of figure skating where 8–20 skaters skate in a team, doing simultaneous movements and precise formations with precise timing.

synchronised swimming n
pływanie synchroniczne
A swimming event where competitors swim in a ballet-like manner in a swimming pool

synchronization synchronizations n
synchronizacja
The state or property of being synchronized.

synchronize /ˈsɪŋ.kɹə.naɪz/ /ˈsɪŋ.kɹə.naɪːz/ v
synchronizować
(transitive) To cause two or more events or actions to happen at exactly the same time or same rate, or in a time-coordinated way.

synchronous rotation synchronous rotations n
obrót synchroniczny
(astronomy) The situation in which an astronomical body takes just as long to rotate around its own axis as it does to revolve around its partner.

synclinal more synclinal most synclinal adj
synklinalny
(geology) Formed by strata dipping toward a common line or plane.

synclinal synclinals n
synklina łęk
(geology) A synclinal fold.

syncope /ˈsɪŋ.kə.pi/ syncopes n
synkopa
(linguistics, phonology, prosody) The elision or loss of a sound from the interior of a word, especially of a vowel sound with loss of a syllable.
(music) A missed beat or off-beat stress in music resulting in syncopation.

syncretism /ˈsɪŋkɹəˌtɪzm/ syncretisms n
synkretyzm
(chiefly, religion) The (attempted) reconciliation or fusion of different systems or beliefs.
(linguistics) The fusion of different inflexional forms.

syndesmosis /ˌsɪn.dɛsˈmoʊ.sɪs/ /ˌsɪn.dɛzˈmoʊ.sɪs/ /ˌsɪn.dɛzˈməʊ.sɪs/ syndesmoses n
więzozrost

syndicalism syndicalisms n
syndykalizm
(socialism) Control of government and industry by labor unions, usually achieved through revolutionary direct action.

syndicalist syndicalists n
syndykalista
A believer in the principles of syndicalism.

syndicate /ˈsɪndɪkeɪt/ /ˈsɪndɪkət/ syndicates n
syndykat
(crime) A group of gangsters engaged in organized crime.
A group of individuals or companies formed to transact some specific business, or to promote a common interest; a self-coordinating group.

syndrome / ˈsin-ˌdrōm/ /-dɹəm/ /ˈsɪndɹoʊm/ /ˈsɪndɹəʊm/ syndromes n
syndrom zespół
(pathology) A recognizable pattern of signs, symptoms and/or behaviours, especially of a disease or medical or psychological condition.
syndrom
Any set of characteristics regarded as identifying a certain type, condition, etc., usually adverse.

synecdoche /sɪˈnɛk.doʊ.ki/ /sɪˈnɛk.də.ki/ synecdoches n
synekdocha
(figure of speech) A figure of speech that uses the name of a part of something to represent the whole, or the whole to represent a part.

synod /ˈsɪn.əd/ synods n
synod
(Christianity) An ecclesiastic council or meeting to consult on church matters.

synonym /ˈsɪn.əˌnɪm/ synonyms n
synonim bliskoznacznik
(semantics, loosely) A word or phrase with a meaning that is the same as, or very similar to, another word or phrase.

synonymous /sɪˈnɑnɪməs/ /sɪˈnɒnɪməs/ adj
bliskoznaczny równoznaczny synonimiczny
(construed with with, narrower sense) Having an identical meaning.
bliskoznaczny synonimiczny
(construed with with, broader sense) Having a similar meaning.

synonymy /sɪˈnɒnəmi/ synonymies n
synonimia bliskoznaczność synonimiczność
(semantics) The quality of being synonymous; sameness of meaning.

synopsis /sɪˈnɑpsɪs/ /sɪˈnɒpsɪs/ synopses n
streszczenie
(authorship) A brief summary of the major points of a written work, either as prose or as a table; an abridgment or condensation of a work.

synovial membrane synovial membranes n
błona maziowa

synovitis synovitides n
zapalenie błony maziowej
(pathology) Inflammation of the synovium.

syntactic /sɪnˈtæktɪk/ more syntactic most syntactic adj
syntaktyczny składniowy
Of, related to or connected with syntax.

syntactic sugar n
lukier składniowy cukier składniowy cukier syntaktyczny lukier syntaktyczny

syntactically more syntactically most syntactically adv
składniowo
According to the rules of syntax.

syntagma /sɪnˈtæɡmə/ syntagmas syntagmata n
syntagma
(linguistics) A constituent segment within a text, such as a word or a phrase that forms a syntactic unit.
(semiotics) An arrangement of units that together bears a meaning.

syntagmatic more syntagmatic most syntagmatic adj
syntagmatyczny
Of or pertaining to a syntagma.

syntax /ˈsɪn.tæks/ syntaxes n
składnia syntaksa syntaktyka
A set of rules that govern how words are combined to form phrases and sentences.
(computing, countable) The formal rules of formulating the statements of a computer language.
(linguistics) The study of the structure of phrases, sentences, and language.

synthesis /ˈsɪnθəsɪs/ syntheses n
synteza
The formation of something complex or coherent by combining simpler things.

synthesizer /ˈsɪn.θəˌsaɪ.zə(ɹ)/ /ˈsɪn.θəˌsaɪ.zɚ/ synthesizers n
syntezator syntetyzator syntetyzer
(music) An electronic musical instrument that creates its sounds with electronics and generally is played via a keyboard.

synthetic /sɪnˈθɛtɪk/ more synthetic most synthetic adj
syntetyczny
Of, or relating to synthesis.
(chemistry) Produced by synthesis instead of being isolated from a natural source (but may be identical to a product so obtained).
(medicine) Produced by synthesis, thought to have the same effect as its natural counterpart, but chemically different from it.
syntetyczny sztuczny
Artificial, not genuine.

synthetic geometry n
geometria syntetyczna

syphilis /ˈsɪfɪlɪs/ n
kiła syfilis franca lues przymiot
(disease) A disease spread via sexual activity, caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum.

syringe /səˈɹɪnd͡ʒ/ /sɪˈɹɪnd͡ʒ/ syringes n
strzykawka
A device consisting of a hypodermic needle, a chamber for containing liquids, and a piston for applying pressure (to inject) or reducing pressure (to draw); a hypodermic syringe.

syringomyelia syringomyelias n
jamistość rdzenia syringomyelia
(medicine) A disorder in which a cyst or cavity forms within the spinal cord, possibly leading to stiffness or paralysis.

syrup /ˈsɝ.əp/ /ˈsɪɹ.əp/ syrups n
syrop
Any thick liquid that has a high sugar content and which is added to or poured over food as a flavouring.

sysop /ˈsaɪsˌɒp/ /ˈsɪsˌɒp/ sysops n
sysop

system /ˈsɪstəm/ systems n
system układ
A collection of organized things; a whole composed of relationships among its members. [from early 17th c.]
układ system
(physiology) A set of body organs having a particular function.

system of equations systems of equations n
układ równań
(mathematics) a set of equations required to be satisfied simultaneously or considered as a whole

system on a chip systems on a chip n
system na chipie

systematic /ˌsɪs.təˈmæt.ɪk/ [ˌsɪs.təˈmæɾ.ɪk] more systematic most systematic adj
systematyczny planowy
Carried out according to a planned, ordered procedure.
systematyczny
(taxonomy) Of or relating to taxonomic classification.
systemowy
(archaic, or, academic) Of, relating to, or being a system.

systematically /ˌsɪs.təˈmæt.ɪk.li/ more systematically most systematically adv
systematycznie
In an organized manner; utilising a system.

systematization systematizations n
systematyzacja
The act of systematizing

systematize /ˈsɪstəməˌtaɪz/ v
systematyzować usystematyzować porządkować uporządkować
To arrange into a systematic order; to make systematic; to organise as a system

systemic adj
systemowy
Embedded within and spread throughout and affecting a whole system, group, body, economy, market, or society.
ogólnoustrojowy
(physiology) Pertaining to an entire organism.

systemically more systemically most systemically adv
układowo
In a systemic manner.

systemicity systemicities n
układowość

systems analyst systems analysts n
analityczka analityk
(computing) A person whose job is to perform systems analysis by being responsible for researching, planning and recommending software and system choices to meet an organization's business requirements.

syuzhet syuzhets n
sjużet
(narratology) The way in which the story is told throughout a book or film; an employment of narrative.

syzygy /ˈsɪz.ɪ.d͡ʒi/ syzygies n
syzygium
(astronomy, astrology) An alignment of three celestial bodies (for example, the Sun, Earth, and Moon) such that one body is directly between the other two, such as occurs at an eclipse.
(Jungian, _, psychology) An archetypal pairing of contrasexual opposites, symbolizing the communication of the conscious and unconscious minds.

szlachcic szlachcics n
szlachcianka szlachcic
(historical) A Polish or Lithuanian nobleman.

séance /ˈseɪˌɑns/ séances n
seans
A ceremony where people try to communicate with the spirits of dead people, usually led by a medium.

ta-da /tə-ˈdɑː/ interjection
tadam
Used to present something intended to be impressive, surprising, or pleasing.

tab /tæb/ [tʰæb̥] v
karta zakładka
(transitive) To affix with tabs; to label.

tabasco tabascos n
tabasco
(hot sauce).

tabernacle /ˈtæbənækl̩/ /ˈtæbɚnækl̩/ tabernacles n
tabernakulum
(Bible) The portable tent used before the construction of the temple, where the shekinah (presence of God) was believed to dwell.
(Roman Catholicism) A small ornamented cupboard or box used for the reserved sacrament of the Eucharist, normally located in an especially prominent place in a church.

table /ˈteɪbl̩/ tables n
stół
An item of furniture with a flat top surface raised above the ground, usually on one or more legs.
tabela
A matrix or grid of data arranged in rows and columns.
tabela stół
A collection of arithmetic calculations arranged in a table, such as multiplications in a multiplication table.

table knife table knives n
nóż stołowy
A type of knife used to cut cooked and prepared food, with a single moderately sharp edge.

table of contents tables of contents n
spis treści
A list of titles of the parts of a book or document, organized in the order in which the parts appear.

table salt table salts n
sól kuchenna
Sodium chloride, the salt most commonly used to season food at the table.

table tennis n
tenis stołowy ping-pong
A game or sport (similar to tennis) that involves the hitting of a light plastic ball across a table (fashioned like a mini tennis court) by rackets (paddles, bats (Britain)).

tablecloth tablecloths n
obrus
A cloth used to cover and protect a table, especially for a dining table.

tablespoon /ˈteɪbəlˌspun/ /ˈteɪbəlˌspuːn/ [-bɫ̩-] tablespoons n
łyżka łyżka stołowa
(Canada, US) A large spoon, used for eating food from a bowl.
(cooking) A unit of volume, the value of which varies regionally; in the US: three teaspoons or one half fluid ounce or roughly 15 ml; in Britain and Canada: exactly 15 ml; in Russia 18 ml; in Australia: four teaspoons or 20 ml.

tablet computer tablet computers n
tablet
(computing) A hand-held portable computer characterized by a tablet form factor and a touchscreen interface.

tabletop tabletops n
blat
(furniture) The flat, horizontal upper surface of a table.

tabletopper tabletoppers n
planszówkowicz planszówkowiczka

tableware tablewares n
zastawa
The cutlery, crockery and glassware used in setting a table for a meal.

tabloid /ˈtæ.blɔɪd/ tabloids n
tabloid
(publishing) A newspaper, especially one in this format, that favours stories of a sensational or even fictitious nature over serious news.

taboo /tæˈbuː/ /təˈbuː/ taboos n
tabu
An inhibition or ban that results from social custom or emotional aversion.

taboret /ˈtæbəɹɛt/ taborets n
taboret
A low stool in the form of a drum.

tabula rasa /ˈtæbjʊlə ˈɹeɪzə/ /ˈtæbjʊlə ˈɹɑːzə/ tabulae rasae tabulæ rasæ n
tabula rasa
A mind, as of a newborn, free of any impressions, notions, ideas, etc.; a "blank slate".

tachometer /təˈkɒmətə(ɹ)/ tachometers n
obrotomierz tachometr
A device for measuring the revolutions per minute (RPMs) of a revolving shaft, as with the driveshaft of an automobile.
A device for measuring or indicating velocity or speed, as of blood, a river, a machine, etc.

tachycardia /tæ.kɪˈkɑː(ɹ).di.ə/ /tæ.kɪˈkɑːɹ.di.ə/ tachycardias n
tachykardia
(medicine, cardiology) A rapid resting heart rate, especially one above 100 beats per minute. [from 19th c.]

tachyon /ˈtæki.ɒn/ tachyons n
tachion
(particle) A hypothetical particle that travels faster than the speed of light.

tacit /ˈtæsɪt/ more tacit most tacit adj
milczący cichy
Implied, but not made explicit, especially through silence.

taciturn /ˈtæsɪtɜːn/ /ˈtæsɪtɝn/ more taciturn most taciturn adj
małomówny milczący milkliwy
Silent; temperamentally untalkative; disinclined to speak.

tack /tæk/ [tak] tacks n
zwrot na wiatr zwrot przez sztag
(nautical) The distance a sailing vessel runs between these maneuvers when working to windward; a board.

tackle /ˈtækəl/ [ˈtʰækɫ̩] v
radzić sobie stawiać czoła zmagać się
To face or deal with, attempting to overcome or fight down.

tacky /ˈtæki/ tackier tackiest adj
lepki
Of a substance, slightly sticky.
tandetny
(colloquial) Of low quality.

taco /ˈteɪkoʊ/ /ˈteɪkəʊ/ /ˈtækəʊ/ /ˈtæɪkəʊ/ /ˈtɐːkəʊ/ /ˈtɑkoʊ/ [ˈtʰako(ː)] [ˈtʰeɪkoʊ] [ˈtʰä(ː)ko(ː)] [ˈtʰɑkoʊ] tacos n
tacos
(culinary) A Mexican snack food made of a small tortilla (soft or hard shelled) filled with ingredients such as meat, rice, beans, cheese, diced vegetables and salsa.

tact /tækt/ n
takt
Sensitive mental touch; special skill or faculty; keen perception or discernment; ready power of appreciating and doing what is required by circumstances; the ability to say the right thing. [from early 19th c.]

tactful /ˈtæktfəl/ more tactful most tactful adj
taktowny
Possessing tact; able to deal with people in a sensitive manner.

tactic /ˈtæktɪk/ tactics n
taktyka
A maneuver, or action calculated to achieve some end.
(military) A maneuver used against an enemy.

tactical adj
taktyczny
of or relating to tactics

tactics /ˈtæktɪks/ n
taktyka
(military) The military science that deals with achieving the objectives set by strategy.
(military) The employment and ordered arrangement of forces in relation to each other.

tactile /ˈtæktaɪl/ /ˈtæktəl/ more tactile most tactile adj
dotykowy
Of or relating to the sense of touch.

tadalafil /təˈdæl.ə.fɪl/ n
tadalafil
(pharmaceutical drug) A drug, C22H19N3O4, that is used to treat erectile dysfunction and benign prostatic hyperplasia and functions similarly to sildenafil. It is marketed under the trademark Cialis.

tadpole /ˈtædpoʊl/ tadpoles n
kijanka
A young toad or frog in its larval stage of development that lives in water, has a tail and no legs, and, like a fish, breathes through gills.

taekwondo /-ˈkwɑn-/ /-ˈkwɒn-/ /ˌtaɪkwɑnˈdoʊ/ /ˌtaɪkwɒnˈdəʊ/ /ˌteɪ-/ n
taekwondo
A martial arts form from Korea, known for its elaborate kicking techniques. The sparring aspect is a recognised Olympic sport.

taffeta /ˈtæ.fə.tə/ /ˈtæ.fɪ.tə/ taffetas n
tafta
A crisp, smooth woven fabric made from silk or synthetic fibers.

taffy /ˈtæ.fi/ taffies n
ciągutka mordoklejka
(US) A soft, chewy candy made from boiled sugar, molasses, or corn syrup and butter.

tag /teɪɡ/ /tæɡ/ tags n
metka etykieta
A small label.
berek
(playground game, uncountable) A children's chasing game in which one player (known as "it") attempts to touch another, who then becomes "it".
tag znacznik
(computing) A piece of markup representing an element in a markup language.

tag /teɪɡ/ /tæɡ/ v
oznaczyć
(transitive) To label (something).
To fasten; to attach.

tagliatelle /ˌtaljəˈtɛli/ /ˌtæljəˈtɛli/ /ˌtɑljəˈtɛli/ tagliatelles n
tagliatelle
Long, flat ribbons of egg pasta, originally from Emilia-Romagna, sliced from a rolled-out sheet.

tahini /tɑːˈhiː.ni/ tahinis n
tahini
(culinary) A paste made from ground sesame seeds, and used to make hummus, baba ghanoush etc.

taiga /taɪˈɡɑː/ /ˈtaɪɡə/ taigas n
tajga
A subarctic zone of evergreen coniferous forests situated south of the tundras and north of the steppes in the Northern Hemisphere.

taiga flycatcher taiga flycatchers n
muchołówka rdzawogardła
Ficedula albicilla, an Old World flycatcher breeding in Asia

taikonaut /ˈtaɪkəˌnɔːt/ taikonauts n
tajkonauta
A person who travels in space for the Chinese space program; a Chinese astronaut. [from 1998.]

tail /teɪl/ tails n
ogon chwost
The tail-end of an object, e.g. the rear of an aircraft's fuselage, containing the tailfin.

tail between one's legs phraseologicalUnit
z podwiniętym ogonem z uszami spuszczonymi po sobie
Defeated; in a cowardly or miserable manner.

tailcoat /ˈteɪlkoʊt/ tailcoats n
frak
A formal evening jacket with an extended back panel; a dress coat.

tailed /teɪld/ adj
ogoniasty
(often, in combination) Having a tail.

tailgate /ˈteɪlˌɡeɪt/ v
siedzieć na ogonie siedzieć na zderzaku
(automotive, intransitive, transitive) To drive dangerously close behind another vehicle.

tailless adj
bezogonowy
Without a tail; not having a tail.

taillight taillights n
tylne światło
One of a pair of red lights mounted on the rear of a vehicle, so it can be seen from the rear at night.

tailor /ˈteɪlə/ /ˈteɪlɚ/ tailors n
krawiec krawcowa krawczyni szwoczka krawczka
A person who makes, repairs, or alters clothes professionally, especially suits and men's clothing.

tailor's tailors' n
krawiec zakład krawiecki
A tailor's shop.

tailor's chalk tailor's chalks tailors' chalks n
kreda krawiecka
A chalk-like material used for marking alterations on fabric in tailoring and dressmaking. The marks are brushed or washed off the material when no longer needed.

tailor-made adj
na miarę
Perfectly appropriate to some specific occasion or purpose; made to one's specific requirements.

tailored adj
na miarę
Adjusted by a tailor, fitted.

tailoress tailoresses n
krawcowa krawczyni szwoczka
(dated) a female tailor

tailoring tailorings n
krawiectwo
Work done by a tailor.

tailpiece tailpieces n
płużka strunnik strunociąg
(music, lutherie) An element, often triangular, to which the strings of a violin, guitar, etc. are attached at the lower end of an instrument.

tails /teɪlz/ n
reszka
The side of a coin that doesn't bear the picture of the head of state or similar.

tailspin tailspins n
korkociąg
(aviation) The rapid, uncontrollable descent of an aircraft in a steep spiral.

tajine /tæˈd͡ʒiːn/ /tɑˈd͡ʒin/ /təˈʒin/ /təˈʒiːn/ tajines n
tażin
(cookware) An earthenware cooking pot of North African origin, consisting of a shallow, round dish without handles and a tall, conical or dome-shaped lid.
(by extension) A stew, originally from Morocco, the ingredients of which are traditionally cooked slowly in such a pot; the dish is normally served with couscous.

taka /ˈtɑːkə/ takas n
taka
The official currency of Bangladesh, equal to 100 paisas. Symbol: ৳

takbir takbirs n
takbir
(Islam) A proclamation of the greatness of God, "Allahu akbar".

take /teɪk/ /teːk/ /tæɪk/ [teːk] [tɛːk] [tʰeɪ̯k] takes n
branie wzięcie
The or an act of taking.
ujęcie
(film) A scene recorded (filmed) at one time, without an interruption or break; a recording of such a scene.

take /teɪk/ /teːk/ /tæɪk/ [teːk] [tɛːk] [tʰeɪ̯k] v
brać wziąć jąć
(transitive) To get into one's hands, possession, or control, with or without force.
brać wziąć
(transitive) To have sex with.
(transitive, especially of a vehicle) To transport or carry; to convey to another place.
(intransitive) To get or accept (something) into one's possession.
wybrać brać
(transitive) To select or choose; to pick.
(transitive) To assume or suppose; to reckon; to regard or consider.
zawładnąć brać wziąć
(transitive, of a path, road, etc.) To lead (to a place); to serve as a means of reaching.
(transitive) To derive (as a title); to obtain from a source.
(transitive, of a material) To absorb or be impregnated by (dye, ink, etc.); to be susceptible to being treated by (polish, etc.).
brać wziąć przyjmować zażywać
(transitive, baseball) To decline to swing at (a pitched ball); to refrain from hitting at, and allow to pass.

take French leave v
wyjść po angielsku
(intransitive) Synonym of slip out, to leave suddenly without notice or permission.

take a breather v
odsapnąć odsapywać
(idiomatic) To take a break; to pause or relax briefly.

take a leaf out of someone's book v
brać przykład wziąć przykład
(idiomatic) To adopt an idea or practice of another person.

take a leak v
odlać się

take a look v
rzucać okiem rzucić okiem
(idiomatic, intransitive) To examine or observe.

take a powder v
ulotnić się ulatniać się zmywać się zmyć się
(idiomatic, US, colloquial) To leave without saying goodbye; leave quietly, run away; scram; depart without taking leave or notifying anyone, often with a connotation of avoiding something unpleasant or shirking responsibility.

take a shine to v
polubić

take a step back v
robić krok w tył zrobić krok w tył

take a wife v
ożenić się pojmować za żonę pojąć za żonę żenić się
(idiomatic, dated, of a man) To marry a woman.

take aback /ˌteɪk əˈbæk/ /ˌtæɪk əˈbæk/ [ˌtʰeɪ̯.k‿əˈbæk] [ˌtʰæɪ̯.k‿əˈbæk] v
zbić z tropu
(idiomatic, transitive) To surprise or shock; to discomfit.

take at face value v
brać za dobrą monetę przyjmować za dobrą monetę przyjąć za dobrą monetę wziąć za dobrą monetę

take care interjection
trzymaj się
(when leaving) good-bye (literally, take care of yourself)

take care v
uważać
(intransitive) To be cautious, careful or prudent.
zadbać
(intransitive) To mind, or be in charge of something.

take care of v
dbać
(transitive) To look after, to provide care for.
załatwiać załatwić
(transitive) To deal with, handle.
(transitive, slang, euphemistic) To kill.

take care of the pennies and the pounds will take care of themselves proverb
grosz do grosza, a będzie kokosza
If one takes care of little things one at a time, they can add up to big things.

take delivery v
odbierać przesyłkę odebrać przesyłkę

take down v
rzucać na matę rzucić na matę zdejmować zdjąć
(combat sports) To force one’s opponent off their feet in order to transition from striking to grappling in jujitsu, mixed martial arts, etc.

take flight v
uciec uciekać wznieść się wznosić się
(idiomatic) To begin flying; to become airborne or aloft; to take off and fly

take for a ride v
brać na bajer wziąć na bajer
(transitive) To deceive someone.

take for a spin v
wykołować wykołowywać

take for granted v
brać za pewnik wziąć za pewnik
(transitive, of a thing) To assume something to be true without verification or proof.
(transitive, idiomatic, especially of a person) To give little attention to or to underestimate the value of; to fail to appreciate, especially something one has grown heavily accustomed to; not to value or care for appropriately, out of the assumption that the person or thing not valued cannot be lost.

take heart /ˌteɪk ˈhɑɹt/ /ˌteɪk ˈhɑːt/ interjection
głowa do góry

take hostage v
brać zakładnika pojmać zakładnika
(transitive) To take custody or possession of a person as security for performance against a treaty, a pledge, or a demand, especially now an extra-legal demand; to take as hostage.

take in /ˈteɪkɪn/ v
przygarniać przygarnąć
(transitive) To allow a person or an animal to live in one's home.

take into account v
brać pod uwagę wziąć pod uwagę

take it easy interjection
trzymaj się
(informal) A farewell.

take it easy v
bimbać przebimbać wyluzuj się
(idiom) To relax or rest.

take it or leave it phraseologicalUnit
wóz albo przewóz
(idiomatic) Denoting that a situation has to be accepted without change, or rejected outright.

take it out on v
wyżywać się
(idiomatic) To unleash one's anger on (a person or thing other than the one that caused it). Synonym: look for a dog to kick

take it up the ass v
brać do dupy brać w dupę
(US, vulgar, idiomatic) To be the recipient of anal sex.
zostać wydymanym w dupę zostać wyjebanym w dupe zostać wyruchanym w dupę
(US, vulgar, idiomatic) To be cheated or treated unfairly.

take liberties v
pozwalać
(idiomatic) To act on one's own authority, without asking for permission.
(idiomatic) To behave disrespectfully, especially to make unwanted sexual advances.

take lightly v
lekceważyć zlekceważyć
(idiomatic, transitive, chiefly in the negative) To treat casually, without seriousness or worry.

take lying down v
po cichu znosić
(transitive) To endure without complaint or protest.

take matters into one's own hands v
brać sprawy w swoje ręce wziąć sprawy w swoje ręce

take offense v
obrazić się obrażać się
To feel (and usually to show) resentment at another's actions or words.

take on v
brać na barki wziąć na barki
(idiomatic) To assume or take responsibility for.

take one day at a time v
żyć z dnia na dzień

take one's business elsewhere v
robić interes z kimś innym

take one's leave v
pożegnać żegnać
say goodbye

take one's pick v
do wyboru, do koloru wybierać wybrać
(idiomatic) To choose; to select.

take one's time v
nie śpieszyć się
(intransitive, idiomatic) To go about something slowly and carefully or at one's own pace.
marudzić
(intransitive, idiomatic) To take more time to do something than is considered acceptable.

take out v
zabierać zabrać
To escort someone on a date.
usunąć usuwać wyjmować wyjąć wyrzucać wyrzucić
(idiom) To immobilize with force; to subdue; to incapacitate.
likwidować niszczyć załatwiać załatwić zlikwidować zniszczyć
(slang, idiom) To kill or destroy.

take out the trash v
wyrzucać śmieci wyrzucić śmieci
Often used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see take out,‎ trash.

take part v
brać udział uczestniczyć wziąć udział
(idiomatic, intransitive, with "in") To participate or join.
brać udział uczestniczyć
(idiomatic) To share or partake.

take personally v
brać do siebie wziąć do siebie

take place v
mieć miejsce odbywać odbyć
(intransitive) To happen or to occur.

take pleasure v
cieszyć się czerpać przyjemność
(transitive with in) To have enjoyment.

take responsibility v
brać odpowiedzialność wziąć odpowiedzialność
To blame oneself for something; to acknowledge a fault.

take root v
zakorzeniać się zakorzenić się
(intransitive, literally) To grow roots into soil.
(intransitive, figuratively) To become established, to take hold.

take seriously v
brać na poważnie brać poważnie wziąć na poważnie wziąć poważnie
(transitive) To consider (something /what somebody is saying) important and meaningful.

take some doing v
wymagać wysiłku

take someone at their word v
potraktować poważnie traktować poważnie
(transitive) To take someone literally even though they may not have been serious; to take someone seriously even though they were joking; to take up a challenge that was initially meant as a joke.
uwierzyć na słowo wierzyć na słowo
(transitive) To take someone's word for it, to believe someone without having the means to check that what they said is true.

take someone's breath away v
zapierać dech zapierać dech w piersiach

take someone's life v
odbierać życie odebrać życie pozbawiać życia pozbawić życia

take someone's word for it v
uwierzyć na słowo wierzyć na słowo
(idiomatic) To believe what someone claims, especially without checking or verifying for oneself.

take something in stride v
przejść nad czymś do porządku dziennego przyjąć coś bez mrugnięcia okiem
(idiomatic, US) To cope with something unfortunate without much effort; to accept or manage difficulties well.

take the bait v
połknąć przynętę połykać przynętę
(of a fish) To nibble at bait on a hook.

take the bull by the horns v
złapać byka za rogi
(idiomatic) To deal with a matter in a direct manner, especially to confront a difficulty rather than avoid it.

take the cake v
odstawać odstać
(idiomatic, colloquial, chiefly, US) Used as an affirmation or accolade when one is deemed the top position in a comparison or contest; to win or be the best (at).

take the floor v
zabierać głos zabrać głos

take the liberty v
pozwalać
(idiomatic) To act on one's own authority, without asking for permission.

take the long view v
myśleć długoterminowo

take the plunge v
zobowiązać zobowiązywać
(idiomatic) To begin any major commitment.

take the rough with the smooth v
akceptować sytuację taką, jaka jest zaakceptować sytuację taką, jaka jest

take the wind out of someone's sails v
przygasić przygaszać
(idiomatic) To discourage someone greatly; to cause someone to lose hope or the will to continue; to thwart or minimize someone's ambitions.

take the words out of someone's mouth v
wyjmować z ust wyjąć z ust

take to heart v
brać sobie do serca wziąć sobie do serca
(idiomatic) To take something seriously; to internalize or live according to something (e.g. advice.)

take to one's heels v
brać nogi za pas wziąć nogi za pas
(idiomatic) To leave, especially to flee or run away.

take to the cleaners v
puszczać z torbami puścić z torbami
(originally, US) To take a significant quantity of a person's money or valuables, through overcharging, litigation, unfavorable investing, gambling, fraud, etc.

take to the grave v
zabrać ze sobą do grobu
(idiomatic, transitive) To never reveal (a secret).

take turns v
robić na zmianę
(intransitive) Of two or more people, to do the same thing one after another, taking one another's place alternately.

takedown takedowns n
rzut na matę
(martial arts) A taking down: an act of bringing one's opponent to the ground by grabbing one or both legs and applying a rearward bending moment.

taken /ˈteɪkən/ adj
zajęta zajęty
(informal) In a serious romantic relationship.

taken aback more taken aback most taken aback adj
zbity z tropu
(figuratively) Surprised, shocked.

takeoff takeoffs n
start wzlot
The rising or ascent of an aircraft or rocket into flight.

takeout adj
na wynos
(North America) (Of food) intended to be eaten off the premises from which it was bought.

takeover takeovers n
akwizycja przejęcie
(economics) The purchase of one company by another; a merger without the formation of a new company, especially where some stakeholders in the purchased company oppose the purchase.
przejęcie
(economics, UK) The acquisition of a public company whose shares are listed on a stock exchange, in contrast to the acquisition of a private company.

taker /ˈteɪkɚ/ takers n
biorca
One who takes something.

talc /tælk/ talcs n
talk
(obsolete) Originally a large range of transparent or glistening foliated minerals. Examples include mica, selenite and the hydrated magnesium silicate that the term talc generally has referred to in modern times (see below). Also an item made of such a mineral and depending for its function on the special nature of the mineral (see next). Mediaeval writers adopted the term from the Arabic.
A soft mineral, composed of hydrated magnesium silicate, that has a soapy feel and a greenish, whitish, or grayish color, and usually occurs in foliated masses.

talc /tælk/ v
talkować
(transitive) To apply talc to.

talcum powder talcum powders n
talk
Perfumed talc (sometimes with the addition of boric acid) for adsorbing moisture on the skin.

tale /ˈteɪl/ tales n
opowieść
A rehearsal of what has occurred; narrative; discourse; statement; history; story.

talent /ˈtalənt/ /ˈtælənt/ talents n
talent dar zdolność
A marked natural ability or skill. [from 15th c.]

talented /ˈtæləntɪd/ more talented most talented adj
utalentowany
Endowed with one or more talents.

talentlessness n
beztalencie
The state of being without talent.

talisman /ˈtæl.ɪsˌmæn/ /ˈtæl.ɪz.mən/ talismans n
talizman
A magical object providing protection against ill will, or the supernatural, or conferring the wearer with a boon such as good luck, good health, or power(s).

talk /toːk/ /tɑk/ /tɔk/ /tɔʊ̯k/ /tɔːk/ [tʰak] [tʰäk] [tʰɑk] talks n
rozmowa konwersacja
A conversation or discussion; usually serious, but informal.
temat
(preceded by the; often qualified by a following of) A major topic of social discussion.
negocjacja
(usually, in the plural) Meeting to discuss a particular matter.

talk /toːk/ /tɑk/ /tɔk/ /tɔʊ̯k/ /tɔːk/ [tʰak] [tʰäk] [tʰɑk] v
mówić rozmawiać porozmawiać
(intransitive) To communicate, usually by means of speech.

talk a blue streak v
gadać jak najęta gadać jak najęty
(originally, US) To talk for a long duration of time, at a rapid pace without giving others a chance to speak, or to the point of tedium.

talk back v
odpyskiwać odpyskować odpyskowywać
(idiomatic, intransitive, often, with to + d.o.) To reply impertinently or rudely; to answer in a cheeky or rude manner.

talk dirty v
świntuszyć
(intransitive, idiomatic) To use profane language, especially sexual vulgarities for the purpose of arousal.

talk down v
targować się
(transitive, idiomatic) To negotiate a lower price.
patrzeć z góry
(transitive, aviation) Of ground control: to verbally assist someone to land an aircraft.

talk like a book /tɑk-/ /ˌtɔk laɪk‿ə ˈbʊk/ /ˌtɔːk laɪk‿ə ˈbʊk/ v
mówić literacko
(simile, informal) To talk pedantically, or using excessively difficult or literary words.

talk shop v
rozmawiać o pracy
(intransitive, informal) To discuss one's work, business or profession.

talk show talk shows n
talk-show
(broadcasting) A television or radio programme in which a host converses on various topics with guests who may be experts, celebrities, or members of the listening or viewing audience.

talk through one's hat v
mówić jak ślepy o kolorach
(idiomatic) To speak lacking expertise, authority, or knowledge; to invent or fabricate facts.

talk to a brick wall v
mówić jak do ściany

talkative /ˈtɑːkədɪv/ /ˈtɔːkətɪv/ more talkative most talkative adj
gadatliwy rozmowny
Tending to talk a lot.

talkativeness n
gadatliwość
The state of being talkative.

talking head /ˈtɔkɪŋ hɛd/ /ˈtɔːkɪŋ hɛd/ talking heads n
gadające głowy

tall /tɑl/ /tɔl/ /tɔːl/ [tʰoːɫ] taller tallest adj
wysoki
(of a person) Having a vertical extent greater than the average. For example, somebody with a height of over 6 feet would generally be considered to be tall.
(of a building, etc.) Having its top a long way up; having a great vertical (and often greater than horizontal) extent; high.

tall order /ˈtɔl ˈɔɹdɚ/ /ˈtɔːl ˈɔːdə/ [ˈtɔl ˈɔɹɾɚ] tall orders n
grubsza sprawa grubszy interes nie byle co nie lada wyczyn
(originally, US, idiomatic) A big job; a difficult challenge.

tallow /ˈtæləʊ/ tallows n
łój
A hard animal fat obtained from suet, etc.; used in cooking as well as to make candles, soap and lubricants.

talon /ˈtælən/ talons n
szpon pazur
A sharp, hooked claw of a bird of prey or other predatory animal.

tam-tam tam-tams n
tam-tam
(musical instruments) A flat gong (without knob) that is struck with a felt-covered hammer.

tamada /ˈtɑmədɑ/ /ˈtɑmədə/ /ˈtɑːmədɑː/ /ˈtɑːmədə/ tamadas n
tamada
(chiefly, Georgia) A toastmaster at a feast in the Caucasus, especially in Georgia.

tamandua /təˈmænduə/ /təˌmænduˈɑ/ tamanduas n
tamandua
An anteater of the genus Tamandua.

tamarillo tamarillos n
tamarillo
A small tree or shrub (Solanum betaceum syn. Cyphomandra betacea) which bears edible fruits.
A fruit of that tree.

tamarisk /ˈtæmərɪsk/ tamarisks n
tamaryszek
Any of several shrubs, of the genus Tamarix, native to arid regions in Eurasia and Africa, often invasive in other arid regions.

tambourine /ˌtæm.bəˈɹiːn/ tambourines n
tamburyn tamburyno
A percussion instrument consisting of a small, usually wooden, hoop closed on one side with a drum frame and featuring jingling metal disks on the tread; it is most often held in the hand and shaken rhythmically; by extension, any frame drum.

tambourinist tambourinists n
tamburynista
Someone who plays the tambourine

tame /teɪm/ tamer tamest adj
oswojony
Not or no longer wild; domesticated.

tame /teɪm/ v
oswajać oswoić
(transitive) To make (an animal) tame; to domesticate.

tamer /ˈteɪmɚ/ tamers n
pogromca pogromczyni poskramiacz poskramiaczka poskromiciel poskromicielka
One who tames or subdues.

tamp /tæmp/ v
ubijać ubić
To drive in or pack down by frequent gentle strokes

tampon [ˈtʰæmpɑn] [ˈtʰæmpɒn] tampons n
tampon
A plug of cotton or other absorbent material inserted into a body cavity or wound to absorb fluid, especially one inserted in the vagina during menstruation.

tan /tæn/ tanner tannest adj
opalony
Having dark skin as a result of exposure to the sun or an artificial process intended to mimic this effect.

tan /tæn/ tans n
opalenizna
A darkening of the skin resulting from exposure to sunlight or similar light sources.

tan /tæn/ v
opalać się opalić się
(transitive, intransitive) To change to a tan colour due to exposure to the sun.
garbować
(transitive, stative) To change an animal hide into leather by soaking it in tannic acid. To work as a tanner.

tandem /ˈtæn.dəm/ [ˈtɛən.dəm] tandems n
tandem
(transferred sense) A bicycle or tricycle in which two people sit one behind the other, both able to pedal but only the person in front able to steer. [from late 19th c.]

tangent /ˈtæn.d͡ʒənt/ tangents n
punkt wspólny
A topic nearly unrelated to the main topic, but having a point in common with it.
styczna tangens
(music) A small metal blade in a clavichord that strikes the strings to produce sound.

tangent plane tangent planes n
płaszczyzna styczna
(differential geometry) The plane passing through a given point which contains the tangent lines of all the curves on a surface passing through that same point.

tangerine /ˈtæn.d͡ʒəˌɹiːn/ tangerines n
mandarynka
A deep yellowish-orange colour, like that of a tangerine fruit.
A tree that produces tangerines.

tangible /ˈtænd͡ʒəbəl/ /ˈtænd͡ʒɪb(ə)l/ more tangible most tangible adj
dotykalny namacalny
Touchable; able to be touched or felt; perceptible by the sense of touch.
konkretny
Able to be treated as fact; real or concrete.
zrozumiały
Comprehensible by the mind; understandable.

tangle /ˈtæŋ.ɡl̩/ tangles n
plątanina
A tangled twisted mass.
zamęt
A complicated or confused state or condition.
konflikt spór
An argument, conflict, dispute, or fight.

tangle /ˈtæŋ.ɡl̩/ v
plątać się poplątać się splątać się
(intransitive) To become mixed together or intertwined.

tango /ˈtæŋɡoʊ/ /ˈtæŋɡəʊ/ tangoes tangos n
tango
A standard ballroom dance in 4/4 time; or a social dance, the Argentine tango.

tangy /ˈtæŋiː/ tangier tangiest adj
cierpki
having a sharp, pungent flavor

tank /tæŋk/ [ˈtɛəŋk] tanks n
zbiornik czołg
A closed container for liquids or gases.
basen
A pond, pool, or small lake (either natural or artificial).
bak zbiornik
The fuel reservoir of a vehicle.
czołg
An armoured fighting vehicle, armed with a gun designed for direct fire, and moving on caterpillar tracks.

tank destroyer tank destroyers n
niszczyciel czołgów

tank engine tank engines n
tendrzak
A steam locomotive that carries its fuel and water containers on the locomotive frames rather than in a separate tender.

tankard /ˈtæŋkəd/ /ˈtæŋkɚd/ tankards n
kufel
A large drinking vessel, sometimes of pewter, sometimes with a glass base, with one handle and often a hinged cover.Tankard

tanker /ˈtæŋkə(ɹ)/ tankers n
tankowiec zbiornikowiec
beczkowóz cysterna
(automotive, UK) A fuel tanker, petrol tanker, road tanker.
czołgista czołgistka
(military) Member of a tank crew, or of an armoured unit.

tankette tankettes n
tankietka
(military, historical) An early, very small, lightly armoured tank, with a crew of one or two, equipped with machine guns.

tankful tankfuls tanksful n
bak
The amount (usually of a fluid) that will fill a tank.

tankini tankinis n
tankini
A bathing suit composed of a tank top and the lower half of a bikini.

tanned more tanned most tanned adj
opalony
Having a suntan.

tanner /ˈtænɚ/ tanners n
garbarz
A person whose occupation is to tan hides, or convert them into leather by the use of tan.

tannic adj
taninowy
Pertaining to, containing, or obtained from tannin.

tannic acid tannic acids n
kwas taninowy
(chemistry) Any of various complex phenols extracted from the bark or galls of trees; used in tanning.

tannin /ˈtænɪn/ tannins n
tanina
(chemistry) Tannic acid or any of its derivatives.

tanning salon tanning salons n
solarium
A business renting use of tanning beds to darken skin, especially in colder climates.

tansy /ˈtanzi/ /ˈtæn.zi/ tansies n
wrotycz
A herbaceous plant with yellow flowers, of the genus Tanacetum, especially Tanacetum vulgare.

tantalize /ˈtæntəlaɪz/ v
mamić nęcić
(transitive) to tease (someone) by offering something desirable but keeping it out of reach

tantalum /ˈtæntələm/ tantalums n
tantal
A chemical element (symbol Ta) with atomic number 73: a rare, hard, blue-gray, lustrous transition metal that is highly corrosion-resistant.

tantamount /ˈtæntəˌmaʊnt/ more tantamount most tantamount adj
równoważny
Equivalent in meaning or effect; amounting to the same thing in practical terms, even if being technically distinct.

tantra /ˈtæntɹə/ /ˈtɑːntɹə/ /ˈtʌntɹə/ tantras n
tantra
A Hindu or Buddhist religious or esoteric text.

tantric sex n
seks tantryczny
A slow, sustained form of sexual intercourse founded on Indian mysticism.

tantrism n
tantryzm
tantric beliefs and practices generally

tantrum /ˈtæn.tɹəm/ tantrums n
histeria
An often childish display or fit of bad temper.

tanzanite /ˈtænzənaɪt/ /ˈtænzəˌnaɪt/ tanzanites n
tanzanit
A trichroic violet-blue variety of the mineral zoisite mined in Tanzania, used as a gemstone. [from 1968]

tap /tæp/ /tɐːp/ [tʰæp] taps n
gwintownik
(mechanics) A cylindrical tool used to cut an internal screw thread in a hole, with cutting edges around the lower end and an upper end to which a handle is fitted to turn the tool.
kran kurek zawór bateria
A hollow device used to control the flow of a fluid, such as an alcoholic beverage from a cask, or a gas or liquid in a pipe.
zawór główny
(Britain, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering) A connection made to an electrical or fluid conductor without breaking it; a tapping.

tap /tæp/ /tɐːp/ [tʰæp] v
gwintować
To cut an internal screw thread in (a hole); also, to cut (an internal screw thread) in a hole, or to create an internally threaded hole in (something).
napoczynać spuszczać płyn
To draw off (a liquid) from a container or other source; also, to draw off a liquid from (a container or other source).
podsłuchiwać założyć podsłuch
(communication, chiefly, law enforcement) To connect a listening and/or recording device to (a communication cable or device) in order to listen in secretly on telephone calls or other communications; also, to secretly listen in on and/or record (a telephone call or other communication). [from 19th c.]
wykorzystywać
To break into or open up (a thing) so as to obtain something; to exploit, to penetrate.
klepnąć stuknąć
(combat, _, sports) To force (an opponent) to submit, chiefly by indicating their intention to do so by striking a hand on the ground several times; to tap out.
tapnąć
(graphical user interface) To invoke a function on an electronic device such as a mobile phone by touching (a button, icon, or specific location on its touch screen).
klepnąć stuknąć tapnąć
(combat, _, sports) To submit to an opponent, chiefly by indicating an intention to do so by striking a hand on the ground several times; to tap out.

tap water n
kranówka woda kranowa
Water that has come from a tap.

tap-dance v
stepować

tapas /-pəs/ /ˈtæpæs/ /ˈtæpəs/ /ˈtɑː-/ n
tapas
A variety of Spanish small savoury food items or snacks such as croquettes, cured meat, potato salad, and seafood, originally served with sherry and now often with other alcoholic beverages as well.

tape /teɪ̯p/ [tʰeɪ̯p] tapes n
taśma
Magnetic or optical recording media in a roll; videotape or audio tape.

tape drive tape drives n
napęd taśmowy
(computing, historical) A cassette drive.
(computing, historical) A reel-to-reel tape machine for computers.
(computing) A cartridge-based interface for computers that reads from and/or writes to a tape.

tape measure tape measures n
metrówka miarka taśma miernicza
A graduated flexible ribbon used for measuring lengths.

tape recorder tape recorders n
magnetofon
(sound engineering) An electromechanical device use to record and play back sound, etc.

taper off /ˈteɪpə ɒf/ /ˈteɪpɚ ɔf/ v
słabnąć zamierać
(idiomatic) To diminish or lessen gradually; to become smaller, slower, quieter, etc.

tapeworm /ˈteɪpˌwɝm/ tapeworms n
tasiemiec
(countable) Any parasitical worm of the class or infraclass Cestoda, which infest the intestines of animals, including humans, often infecting different host species during their life cycle.

tapir /ˈteɪpiːə(ɹ)/ /ˈteɪpə(ɹ)/ /ˈteɪpɪə(ɹ)/ tapirs n
tapir
Any one of the species of large odd-toed ungulates of the taxonomic family Tapiridae with a long prehensile upper lip, of which all four surviving species are in genus Tapirus.

tappet tappets n
popychacz
A lever or projection which is moved by some other piece, as a cam, or intended to tap or touch something else, in order to produce change or regulate motion.

taproot /ˈtæpˌɹuːt/ taproots n
korzeń palowy
(botany) A long, tapering root possessed by many plants (such as carrots and dandelions). [from early 17th c.]

tar /tɑɹ/ /tɑː/ [tʰɑɹ] [tʰɑɻ] tars n
smoła dziegieć
(usually, uncountable) A black, oily, sticky, viscous substance, consisting mainly of hydrocarbons derived from organic materials such as wood, peat, or coal.
smoła
Coal tar.
(uncountable) A solid residual byproduct of tobacco smoke.

tar with the same brush /ˈtaɹ wɪ‿ðə seɪm ˈbɹʌʃ/ /ˈtaː wɪ‿ðə seɪm ˈbɹʌʃ/ v
generalizować
(transitive, figuratively) To characterize (someone or something) using the same undesirable attribute, especially unjustly.

taramosalata /ˌtæɹəməsəˈlɑːtə/ /ˌtɑɹəməsəˈlɑːtə/ n
taramosalata
a Turkish and Greek dish of fish roe (carp or cod), lemon juice, breadcrumbs, onion, garlic, and olive oil; often served as a meze or with pitta bread

tarantass /taɹənˈtas/ tarantasses n
tarantas
A low horse-drawn carriage without springs used in Russia, capable of having its wheels replaced with runners during the winter.

tarantula /tə.ˈɹæn.t͡ʃə.lə/ /tə.ˈɹæn.t͡ʃʊ.lə/ tarantulae tarantulas n
tarantula ptasznik
Any of the large, hairy New World spiders comprising the family Theraphosidae.
(by extension) A member of certain other groups of spiders, generally characterized by large size, hairiness, or membership of infraorder Mygalomorphae to which Theraphosidae family also belongs.
tarantula
(dated) A species of wolf spider, Lycosa tarantula, native to southern Europe, the mildly poisonous bite of which was once thought to cause an extreme urge to dance (tarantism). [from mid 16th c.]

tardigrade /ˈtɑɹdɪˌɡɹeɪd/ more tardigrade most tardigrade adj
niemrawy powolny
Sluggish; moving slowly.

tare /teə/ /teː/ /tɛ(ə)ɹ/ /tɛə/ tares n
tara
The empty weight of a container; unladen weight.

target /ˈtaːɡɪt/ /ˈtɑɹɡɪt/ /ˈtɑːɡɪt/ [ˈtʰɑɹɡɪt̚] targets n
cel tarcza
A butt or mark to shoot at, as for practice, or to test the accuracy of a firearm, or the force of a projectile.
cel meta
A goal or objective.

target /ˈtaːɡɪt/ /ˈtɑɹɡɪt/ /ˈtɑːɡɪt/ [ˈtʰɑɹɡɪt̚] v
celować wycelować
(transitive) To aim something, especially a weapon, at (a target).

target group target groups n
grupa docelowa
(marketing) The primary group of people that something, usually an advertising campaign, is designed to appeal to.

target language target languages n
język docelowy
(translation studies) The language into which a translation is done.

target market target markets n
rynek docelowy

targum /ˈtɑːɡəm/ targumim targums n
targum
(Judaism) An Aramaic translation of the Tanakh written or compiled between the Second Temple period and the early Middle Ages.

tariff /ˈtæɹəf/ /ˈtæɹɪf/ /ˈtɛɹɪf/ tariffs n
taryfa
A system of government-imposed duties levied on imported or exported goods; a list of such duties, or the duties themselves.

tarmac /ˈtɑː(ɹ)mæk/ tarmacs n
betonka
(informal, aviation) The area of an airport, other than the runway, where planes park or maneuver.

tarn /tɑɹn/ /tɑːn/ [tɝn] tarns n
jezioro cyrkowe jezioro karowe
(US, chiefly, Montana) One of many small mountain lakes or ponds.

tarnish /ˈtɑɹnɪʃ/ /ˈtɑːnɪʃ/ tarnishes n
zaśniedzenie
Oxidation or discoloration, especially of a decorative metal exposed to air.

tarnish /ˈtɑɹnɪʃ/ /ˈtɑːnɪʃ/ v
zaśniedzieć śniedzieć
(intransitive) To oxidize or discolor due to oxidation.
zbrukać brukać
(transitive) To compromise, damage, soil, or sully.

taro /ˈtæɹəʊ/ /ˈtɑɹoʊ/ /ˈtɛɹoʊ/ taros n
taro
Colocasia esculenta, raised as a food primarily for its corm, which distantly resembles potato.

tarot /ˈtæɹəʊ/ /ˈtɛɹoʊ/ tarots n
tarot tarok
(singular or plural) A card game played in various different variations.

tarpan /ˈtɑɹpən/ /ˈtɑːpən/ tarpans n
tarpan
An extinct Northern European wild horse, Equus ferus ferus.

tarpaper tarpapers n
papa
A heavy paper, coated with tar, used to waterproof walls and roofs.

tarpaulin /tɑɹˈpɔ.lɪn/ /tɑˈpɔː.lɪn/ /ˈtɑːɹpəlɪn/ tarpaulins n
brezent
(countable) A tarp, a heavy, waterproof sheet of material, often cloth, used as a cover or blanket.

tarragon /ˈtæɹəɡɑn/ /ˈtæɹəɡən/ /ˈtɛɹəɡɑn/ /ˈtɛɹəɡən/ tarragons n
estragon
A perennial herb, the wormwood species Artemisia dracunculus, from Europe and parts of Asia.

tarsier /ˈtaɹʃi.əɹ/ /ˈtɑ(ɹ)si.ə(ɹ)/ tarsiers n
tarsjusz wyrak
An insectivorous primate of the family Tarsiidae, having very large eyes and long feet, native mainly to several islands of Southeast Asia.

tarsus /ˈtɑɹ.səs/ /ˈtɑː.səs/ tarsi n
stęp
(skeleton) A group of small bones in this part of the foot. The seven bones of the human tarsus form the ankle and upper part of the foot.

tart /tɑɹt/ /tɑːt/ tarter tartest adj
cierpki
Sharp to the taste; acid; sour.

tart /tɑɹt/ /tɑːt/ tarts n
tarta
A type of small open pie, or piece of pastry, now typically containing jelly (US) / jam (UK) or conserve, or sometimes other fillings (chocolate, custard, egg, butter, historically even meat or other savory fillings).

tartan /ˈtɑɹtn̩/ /ˈtɑːtn̩/ more tartan most tartan adj
tartanowy
Having a pattern like a tartan.

tartan /ˈtɑɹtn̩/ /ˈtɑːtn̩/ tartans n
tartan
A kind of woven woollen cloth with a distinctive pattern of coloured stripes intersecting at right angles, associated with Scottish Highlanders, different clans and some Scottish families and institutions having their own distinctive patterns.
The pattern associated with such material.
tartana
A type of one-masted lateen-sailed vessel used in the Mediterranean.

tartar /ˈtɑɹ.tɚ/ /ˈtɑː.tə/ tartars n
kamień winny
A red compound deposited during wine making; mostly potassium hydrogen tartrate — a source of cream of tartar.

tartare sauce tartare sauces n
sos tatarski
A sauce made from mayonnaise and a chopped mixture of pickled gherkins, capers, olives and shallots; traditionally served with fish or other seafood.

tarte Tatin /ˌtɑɹt tæˈtæ̃/ /ˌtɑːt taˈtã/ tartes Tatin n
tarta Tatin
A type of upside-down cake in which the fruit, usually apples, is caramelized in butter and sugar.

task /tæsk/ /tɑːsk/ tasks n
zadanie
A piece of work done as part of one’s duties.
(computing) A process or execution of a program.

task force task forces n
jednostka
(business, government, military) A group of people working towards a particular task, project, or activity, especially assigned in a particular capacity.

tassel /ˈtæsəl/ tassels n
frędzel kutas
A ball-shaped bunch of plaited or otherwise entangled threads from which at one end protrudes a cord on which the ball is hung, and which may have loose, dangling threads at the other end (often used as decoration along the bottom of garments, curtains or other hangings).

taste /teɪst/ tastes n
smak gust
One of the sensations produced by the tongue in response to certain chemicals; the quality of giving this sensation.
(countable, and, uncountable) A person's implicit set of preferences, especially esthetic, though also culinary, sartorial, etc.
smak
The sense that consists in the perception and interpretation of this sensation.
(figuratively) A small amount of experience with something that gives a sense of its quality as a whole.

taste /teɪst/ v
próbować kosztować smakować
(transitive) To sample the flavor of something orally.
smakować
(intransitive, copulative) To have a taste; to excite a particular sensation by which flavor is distinguished.

tastebud tastebuds n
kubek smakowy
(anatomy) Any of the small organs on the tongue used for tasting.

tasteless /ˈteɪstləs/ more tasteless most tasteless adj
bez smaku
Having no flavour; bland; insipid.

tastelessness tastelessnesses n
bezguście
The quality, state, or characteristic of being tasteless.

taster /teɪstɚ/ tasters n
degustator degustatorka
Someone who tastes something, especially food, wine etc., for quality.

tasting /ˈteɪstɪŋ/ tastings n
degustacja
The taking of a small amount of food or drink into the mouth in order to taste it.

tatterdemalion /tætədəˈmeɪliɒn/ tatterdemalions n
obdartus oberwaniec obszarpaniec łachmaniarz łachmyta łapserdak
A person with tattered clothing.

tattler /ˈtætlə/ /ˈtætlɚ/ /ˈtætl̩ə/ /ˈtætl̩ɚ/ tattlers n
kapuś papla
One who tattles (notifies authorities of illicit behavior) or is inclined to do so; a tattletale.

tattletale tattletales n
skarżypyta
One who tattles (reports others' wrongdoings), often a child seeking attention.

tattoo /tæˈtuː/ /təˈtuː/ tattoos n
tatuaż dziara
An image made in the skin with ink and a needle.

tattoo /tæˈtuː/ /təˈtuː/ v
tatuować robić tatuaż
To apply a tattoo to (someone or something).

tattoo artist tattoo artists n
tatuażysta tatuażystka tatuatorka tatuator
A person who draws tattoos on others.

tattooed more tattooed most tattooed adj
tatuowany
Having one or more tattoos.

tau /taʊ/ /tɔ/ /tɔː/ taus n
tau
The letter Τ//τ in the Greek alphabet; being the nineteenth letter of the Classical and Modern Greek, and the twenty-first letter of the Old and Ancient Greek alphabets.

taunt /tɑnt/ /tɔnt/ /tɔːnt/ taunts n
drwina
A scornful or mocking remark; a jeer or mockery

tauon tauons n
taon
An unstable elementary particle which is a type of lepton, having a mass almost twice that of a proton, a negative charge, and a spin of ½; it decays into hadrons (usually pions) or other leptons, and neutrinos.

taupe /toʊp/ /təʊp/ more taupe most taupe adj
szarobrązowy
Of a dark brownish-grey colour.

taupe /toʊp/ /təʊp/ taupes n
szarobrązowy
A dark brownish-grey colour, the colour of moleskin.

taut /tɑt/ /tɔt/ /tɔːt/ tauter tautest adj
napięty naprężony
(also, figuratively) Under tension, like a stretched bowstring, rope, or sail; tight.

tautogram tautograms n
tautogram

tautological more tautological most tautological adj
tautologiczny
Of, relating to, or using tautology.

tautology /tɔˈtɑl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /tɔˈtɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ tautologies n
tautologia masło maślane pleonazm
(uncountable) Redundant use of words, a pleonasm, an unnecessary and tedious repetition.
tautologia
(countable) An expression that features tautology.
(countable, logic, propositional logic) A statement that is true for all truth values of its propositional variables.
(countable, logic, first-order logic) A statement that is true for all truth values of its Boolean atoms.

tavern /ˈtævən/ /ˈtævəɹn/ taverns n
tawerna austeria karczma
A restaurant or bar.

tawny /ˈtɑ-/ /ˈtɔni/ /ˈtɔːni/ tawnier tawniest adj
płowy rusy śniady
Of a light brown to brownish orange colour.

tawny owl /ˈtɔːni aʊl/ tawny owls n
puszczyk puszczyk zwyczajny
Any of species Strix aluco of strigid owls, of Europe, western Asia, and the Middle East.

tawny pipit tawny pipits n
świergotek polny
Anthus campestris, a medium-to-large passerine bird that breeds in much of temperate Europe and Asia, and northwest Africa.

tax /tæks/ taxes n
podatek
Money paid to the government other than for transaction-specific goods and services.

tax /tæks/ v
opodatkować opodatkowywać
(transitive) To impose and collect a tax from (a person or company).

tax authority tax authorities n
organ podatkowy
A government organization responsible for collecting taxes.

tax base tax bases n
podstawa opodatkowania

tax bracket tax brackets n
próg podatkowy
A range over which a piecewise linear, generally progressive, tax is linear.

tax haven tax havens n
raj podatkowy
(law, business, taxation) A jurisdiction that levies low tax rates on certain economic activities, especially to attract wealthy individuals and foreign businesses.

tax rate tax rates n
stawka podatkowa
A rate, usually a percentage rate, at which something is taxed.

tax return tax returns n
deklaracja podatkowa zeznanie podatkowe
(finance) A declaration of income etc. for tax purposes: a report of income, deductions, contributions, and related financial information filed by a taxpayer with a national or local tax authority, used by the authority to determine the amount of taxation, usually consisting of forms completed by the taxpayer.

taxation /tækˈseɪ.ʃən/ taxations n
opodatkowanie
The act of imposing taxes and the fact of being taxed.

taxi /ˈtæk.si/ taxies taxis n
taksówka taxi
A vehicle that may be hired for single journeys by members of the public, driven by a taxi driver.

taxi /ˈtæk.si/ v
kołować
To move an aircraft on the ground under its own power.

taxi driver taxi drivers n
taksówkarz taksówkarka taksiarz
A person who drives a taxicab.

taxi stand taxi stands n
postój taksówek
A designated place in a street, railway station, airport etc where taxicabs line up to wait for passengers.

taxidermist taxidermists n
wypychacz
One who practices taxidermy, the stuffing of animals.

taxidermy /ˈtæksɪdɚmi/ taxidermies n
taksydermia
The art of stuffing and mounting the skins of dead animals for exhibition in a lifelike state.

taxing taxings n
opodatkowanie
The act of imposing a tax.

taxiway taxiways n
droga kołowania
(aviation) A road or path within an airport designated for the taxiing of aircraft connecting the runways with ramps, hangars, terminals and other facilities.

taxon /ˈtæk.sɑn/ /ˈtæk.sɒn/ taxa taxons n
takson
(taxonomy) A group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit.

taxonomist taxonomists n
taksonomista
(taxonomy) Someone whose profession is taxonomy, or who performs taxonomy at a professional level.

taxonomy /tækˈsɑn.ə.mi/ /tækˈsɒn.ə.mi/ taxonomies n
taksonomia
A classification; especially, a classification in a hierarchical system.
(taxonomy, uncountable) The science of finding, describing, classifying and naming organisms.

taxpayer taxpayers n
podatnik podatniczka płatnik podatku
A person who is subject to, liable for, or pays tax as opposed to a nontaxpayer who is neither the subject nor the object of revenue laws.

tea /ti/ /tiː/ [tʰi] [tʰiː] teas n
herbata
(uncountable) The dried leaves or buds of the tea plant; (countable) a variety of such leaves.
(uncountable) Any similar drink made by infusing parts of various other plants.
herbata filiżanka herbaty
(countable, Commonwealth, northern, _, US) A cup or (East Asia, Southern, _, US) glass of any of these drinks, often with milk, sugar, lemon, and/or tapioca pearls.
podwieczorek
(uncountable, UK) A light midafternoon meal, typically but not necessarily including tea.

tea ceremony tea ceremonies n
ceremonia herbaciana ceremonia herbaty
A detailed ritual in Japan for preparing, serving and drinking green tea, seen as an expression of Zen Buddhism; also any similar ritual performed in other Asian cultures.

tea leaf tea leaves n
liść herbaty
(usually, used in the plural) A dried fragment of a leaf of the tea plant used in making the drink tea.

tea plant tea plants n
herbata
The bush Camellia sinensis, the leaves of which are picked, dried and used to make the beverage tea.

teabag /ˈtiːbæɡ/ teabags n
torebka herbaty
A cloth or paper sachet containing tea leaves or herbal tea, designed to act as an infuser when submerged in hot water.

teaberry teaberries n
golteria rozesłana
A berry which is the fruit of a small shrub native to northeastern North America, Gaultheria procumbens (eastern teaberry, American wintergreen, boxberry, checkerberry).
A pinkish-white edible berry which grows in the Falkland Islands, where the fruits are harvested annually by Islanders to make cakes, confectionary and pavlovas. On the South American mainland the leaves are brewed for tea (Myrteola nummularia).

teacake teacakes n
keks
(British) A flat, round bread bun, usually containing currants, sultanas or peel and often served toasted and buttered with tea.

teach /tiːt͡ʃ/ v
uczyć nauczyć
(ditransitive) To pass on knowledge to.
(intransitive, stative) To pass on knowledge generally, especially as one's profession; to act as a teacher.

teach grandma how to suck eggs v
uczyć ojca dzieci robić
(idiomatic, chiefly in the negative) To tell an expert how to do things.

teacher /ˈtit͡ʃɚ/ /ˈtiːt͡ʃə/ teachers n
nauczyciel nauczycielka belfer
A person who teaches, especially one employed in a school.

teacher's pet teacher's pets teachers' pets n
pupil
(idiomatic) A student who is perceived to be favored by the teacher.

teaching /ˈtiːt͡ʃɪŋ/ teachings n
belferka belferstwo nauczycielstwo
The profession of educating people; the activity that a teacher does when he/she teaches.

teaching hospital teaching hospitals n
klinika

teacup /tiː.kʌp/ teacups n
filiżanka
A small cup, usually with a handle, commonly used for drinking tea; normally sits in a saucer as part of a tea set.

teahouse teahouses n
herbaciarnia
A cafe or restaurant that serves tea, usually with light food.

teak /tiːk/ teaks n
teczyna wyniosła
(countable) A tree of the species in the genus Tectona

teakettle teakettles n
czajnik imbryk sagan
(dated, _, outside, _, US) A vessel used to boil water for tea or other hot beverages.

teal /tiːl/ [tiːɫ] more teal most teal adj
morski
Having a bluish-green colour

teal /tiːl/ [tiːɫ] teals n
cyraneczka
(countable) Any of various small freshwater ducks of the genus Anas that are brightly coloured and have short necks.
morski
(countable, uncountable, color) A dark, somewhat bluish-green colour; a dark cyan.

tealight tealights n
świeczka do podgrzewacza
A small, typically circular candle encased in a thin metal cup, so that it liquefies completely when lit and burns as a wick immersed in molten wax.

team /tiːm/ teams n
zaprzęg
A set of draught animals, such as two horses in front of a carriage.
drużyna zespół ekipa
A group of people who favor one side of a binary debate that is divided and lacks a well-established clear consensus.

team spirit n
duch zespołowy duch zespołu
Camaraderie; willingness to co-operate with others.

team sport team sports n
sport drużynowy sport zespołowy
(countable) A sport played by two competing teams.

teamwork n
praca zespołowa
The cooperative effort of a team of people to achieve a common goal.

teapot teapots n
czajnik imbryk
A vessel for brewing and serving tea.

tear /teə/ /tɪə/ /tɪɚ/ tears n
łza
A drop of clear, salty liquid produced from the eyes by crying or irritation.

tear /teə/ /tɛə/ /tɛɚ/ v
drzeć rwać
(transitive) To rend (a solid material) by holding or restraining in two places and pulling apart, whether intentionally or not; to destroy or separate.
oderwać odrywać zerwać zrywać
(transitive, often, with off, or, out) To remove by tearing, or with sudden great force.
burzyć zburzyć
(transitive, of structures, with down) To demolish.
drzeć się podrzeć się porwać się rwać się
(intransitive) To become torn, especially accidentally.
pruć pędzić
(intransitive) To move or act with great speed, energy, or violence.

tear away v
oderwać odrywać
(transitive, often, reflexive) To remove (oneself or another person), overcoming that person's reluctance to be so removed.

tear gas /ˈtɪəɡæs/ tear gases n
gaz łzawiący
Any lachrymatory, non-lethal chemical compound that causes the eyes to sting and water and/or irritates the respiratory system, mostly used for controlling crowds during riots or as self-defense.

tear off /teɪɹ ɑf/ /teɪɹ ɒf/ v
odrywać oderwać
(intransitive) To become detached by tearing or ripping.

teardrop /ˈtɪədɹɒp/ teardrops n
łza
a single tear (clear, salty liquid secreted by the eye).

tearful /ˈtɪə(ɹ)fəl/ /ˈtɪə(ɹ)fʊl/ /ˈtɪɹfəl/ /ˈtɪɹfʊl/ more tearful most tearful adj
łzawy płaczliwy rozpłakany zapłakany
Accompanied by tears; crying, or about to cry.
rzewny stroskany żałosny
Sorrowful.

tearjerker tearjerkers n
wyciskacz łez
(informal) An emotionally charged film, novel, song, opera, television episode, etc., usually with one or more sad passages or ending, so termed because it suggests one is likely to cry during its performance.

tease /tiːz/ v
drażnić dokuczać
(transitive) To poke fun at, either cruelly or affectionately.

teasel teasels n
szczeć
Any of several plants of the genus Dipsacus.

teaser /ˈtizɚ/ teasers n
teaser zajawka zwiastun
(marketing) A preview or part of a product released in preparation of its main advertising, typically a short film, song, or quote.

teaspoon /ˈtiˌspun/ /ˈtiːˌspuːn/ teaspoons n
łyżeczka łyżeczka do herbaty
A small spoon used to stir the contents of a cup or glass.
łyżeczka
A unit of measure, equivalent to one-third of a tablespoon or roughly five milliliters.

teat /tiːt/ teats n
brodawka sutkowa sutek sutka
(anatomy) The projection of a mammary gland from which, on female mammals, milk is secreted.
smoczek
An artificial nipple used for bottle-feeding infants.

teatime teatimes n
podwieczorek
(chiefly, British) The traditional time, in the late afternoon, for serving tea (the meal).

technetate technetates n
technecjan

technetium /-ʃəm/ /tɛkˈni.ʃi.əm/ n
technet
A metallic chemical element (symbol Tc) with an atomic number of 43.

technical /ˈtɛk.nɪk.əl/ /ˈtɛt.nɪk.əl/ more technical most technical adj
techniczny
(securities and other markets) Relating to the internal mechanics of a market rather than more basic factors.

technical /ˈtɛk.nɪk.əl/ /ˈtɛt.nɪk.əl/ technicals n
pickup wojskowy
A pickup truck with a gun mounted on it.

technical drawing technical drawings n
rysunek techniczny
A depiction that relays the concept or idea for a physical object or group of physical objects.
The art of producing such pictures.
kreślenie
The act of producing such a picture.

technical school technical schools n
technikum
A school that provides training in practical skills such as welding, hairdressing, plumbing and so on.

technical support n
obsługa techniczna pomoc techniczna wsparcie techniczne
A range of services providing assistance with technology such as televisions, computers, and software, typically aiming to help the user with a specific problem.

technical term technical terms n
pojęcie techniczne technicyzm termin techniczny
A word that has a specific meaning within a specific field of expertise.

technically /ˈtɛk.nəˌkli/ /ˈtɛk.nɪˌkli/ /ˈtɛk.nɪˌkəl.i/ more technically most technically adv
właściwie
Based on precise facts, which, however, may be contrary to common misbelief or to a traditional name.
de iure wedle prawa
Based on formal (de jure) arguments, which, however, may be misleading.
technicznie
Having or using the skills or talent required for a certain job or profession.

technician /tɛkˈnɪʃən/ technicians n
technik techniczka
A person who studies or practises technology; an expert in a particular technology.

technique /tɛkˈniːk/ techniques n
technika
(uncountable) The practical aspects of a given art, occupation etc.; formal requirements. [from 19th c.]

techno /ˈtɛknoʊ/ n
techno
(music genre) A repetitive style of music originally produced for use in a continuous DJ set. The central rhythmic component is most often in common time (4/4), where time is marked with a bass drum on each quarter note pulse, a backbeat played by snare or clap on the second and fourth pulses of the bar, and an open hi-hat sounding every second eighth note.

techno- /tɛknoʊ/ prefix
techno-
Relating to technology.

technocracy /tɛkˈnɒkɹəsi/ technocracies n
technokracja
A system of governance where people who are skilled or proficient govern in their respective areas of expertise.

technocrat /ˈtɛknə(ʊ)kɹat/ technocrats n
technokrata
An advocate of technocracy.

technocratic /tɛk.nəˈkɹæt.ɪk/ more technocratic most technocratic adj
technokratyczny
Of, or relating to a technocrat or technocracy.

technological /ˌtɛk.nəˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/ /ˌtɛk.nəˈlɒd͡ʒ.ɪ.kəl/ [ˌtɛk.nəˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩] [ˌtɛk.nəˈlɒd͡ʒ.ɪ.kl̩] more technological most technological adj
technologiczny
Of, relating to, or involving technology, especially modern scientific technology.

technologically more technologically most technologically adv
technologicznie
In a technological manner.

technologist /tɛkˈnɑləd͡ʒɪst/ /tɛkˈnɒləd͡ʒɪst/ technologists n
technolog technolożka
A scientist or an engineer who specializes in a particular technology, or who uses technology in a particular field.

technology /tɛkˈnɑləd͡ʒi/ /tɛkˈnɒləd͡ʒi/ technologies n
technologia
The combined application of science and art in practical ways in industry, as for example in designing new machines.
(archaic) A discourse or treatise on the arts.
technologia technika
(uncountable, academic) The study of or a collection of techniques.

tectonic adj
tektoniczny
(geology) Of, relating to, or caused by large-scale movements of the Earth's (or a similar planet's) lithosphere.

tectonic plate tectonic plates n
płyta tektoniczna płyta litosfery
(geology) Any of several large pieces of the Earth's lithosphere which participate in plate tectonics.

tectonics n
tektonika
(geology) The study of crustal plates and other large-scale structural features of the Earth.

tedder tedders n
przetrząsacz
(agriculture) A machine for stirring and spreading hay, to speed up its drying.

teddy bear teddy bears n
pluszowy miś
A plush toy in the shape of a bear.

tedious /ˈti.di.əs/ /ˈti.d͡ʒəs/ /ˈtiː.dɪəs/ more tedious most tedious adj
nudny nużący żmudny
Boring, monotonous, time-consuming, wearisome.

tedium /ˈtiː.di.əm/ tedia tediums n
nuda
Boredom or tediousness; ennui.

teem /tiːm/ v
obfitować obradzać obrodzić roić się
To be stocked to overflowing.
obfitować obradzać obrodzić owocować roić się zaowocować
(obsolete) To bring forth young, as an animal; to produce fruit, as a plant; to bear; to be pregnant; to conceive; to multiply.

teenage /ˈtiːneɪd͡ʒ/ adj
nastoletni
Of or relating to an age between thirteen and nineteen years old.

teenager /ˈtiːnˌeɪ.d͡ʒə(ɹ)/ teenagers n
nastolatek nastolatka
A person between 13 and 19 years old.

teenybopper /ˈtiniˌbɑpɚ/ /ˈtiːniˌbɒpə/ teenyboppers n
błaźnica podfruwajka
A child, especially a girl in her preteens and early teens, who follows popular clothing fashions, music trends, etc.

teepee /ˈtiːpi/ teepees n
tipi
A cone-shaped tent traditionally used by many native peoples of the Great Plains of North America.

teeter /ˈtitəɹ/ /ˈtiːtə/ [ˈtʰiɾɚ] v
chwiać się kolebać się
(intransitive) To tilt back and forth on an edge.
nie móc się zdecydować wahać się
(figuratively) To be indecisive.
(figuratively) To be close to becoming a typically negative situation.

teether teethers n
gryzak
A device given to infants to help soothe inflamed gums during teething, often filled with a fluid or gel that can be frozen or refrigerated.

teething /ˈtiðɪŋ/ /ˈtiːðɪŋ/ teethings n
ząbkowanie
(physiology) The eruption, through the gums, of the milk teeth; dentition.

teething troubles /ˈtiðɪŋ ˈtɹʌb(ə)lz/ /ˈtiːðɪŋ ˈtɹʌb(ə)lz/ /ˈtɹə-/ n
początkowe problemy
(idiomatic) Problems that are to be expected with any new and untried product, system, or venture.

teetotaler /ˈtitoʊtəlɚ/ /ˈtiːtəʊtələ/ teetotalers n
abstynentka abstynent niepijąca niepijący
(American spelling) A person who completely abstains from alcoholic beverages.

teff /tɛf/ teffs n
miłka abisyńska
The fine grain of this plant.

telamon /ˈtɛləmən/ /ˈtɛləməʊn/ telamones telamons n
atlant atlas telamon
A figure of a man (often Atlas) used as a pillar for support. [from early 17th c.]

telangiectasia /tɛˌlæn.d͡ʒi.ɛkˈteɪ.zi.ə/ /ˌtɛlˌæn.d͡ʒi.ɛkˈteɪ.ʒə/ telangiectasiae telangiectasias telangiectasiæ n
teleangiektazja
(medicine, pathology) A condition characterized by dilatation of the capillaries, causing them to appear as small red or purple clusters, often spidery in appearance, on the skin or the surface of an organ.

tele- /ˈtɛl.ə/ /ˈtɛl.ɪ/ prefix
tele-
over a distance
television

telecommunication telecommunications n
telekomunikacja
(uncountable) The science and technology of the communication of messages over a distance using electric, electronic or electromagnetic impulses. [1932]

telecommunicational adj
telekomunikacyjny
Of or pertaining to telecommunication.

telega /tɪˈleɪɡə/ telegas telegi n
telega
A simple four-wheeled Russian cart without springs.

telegram /ˈtɛləˌɡɹæm/ telegrams n
telegram depesza
A message transmitted by telegraph.

telegraph /ˈtɛl.ə.ɡɹæf/ /ˈtɛl.ɪ.ɡɹæf/ telegraphs n
telegraf
(chiefly, _, historical) The electrical device gradually developed in the early 19th century to transmit messages (telegrams) using Morse code; the entire system used to transmit its messages including overhead lines and transoceanic cables.

telegraph /ˈtɛl.ə.ɡɹæf/ /ˈtɛl.ɪ.ɡɹæf/ v
telegrafować zatelegrafować
To use a telegraph.

telegraphic more telegraphic most telegraphic adj
telegraficzny
Of, or relating to the telegraph.
Brief or concise, especially resembling a telegram with clipped syntax.

telegraphy /təˈlɛɡɹɑːfi/ /təˈlɛɡɹəfi/ telegraphies n
telegrafia
Any process for transmitting arbitrarily long messages over a long distance using a code, especially by means of electrified wires or radio waves using Morse code.

telekinesis /ˌtɛləkɪˈniːsɪs/ telekineses n
telekineza
(uncountable) The ability to move objects with the power of one's mind.

telemarketing n
telemarketing
The business of selling products or services by making unsolicited telephone calls to potential customers.

telemetacarpal deer telemetacarpal deer n
sarna
Any deer of the subfamily Capreolinae.

telemetry /təˈlɛ.məˌtri/ telemetries n
telemetria
(applied sciences) The science, and associated technology, of the automatic recording and transmission of data from a remote source to a receiving station for analysis.

telencephalon /ˌtɛlənˈsɛfəlɒn/ /ˌtɛlənˈsɛfələn/ telencephala telencephalons n
kresomózgowie
(neuroanatomy) The anterior part of the forebrain; the endbrain.

telenovela telenovelas n
telenowela
A television soap opera presented as a miniseries.

teleological /tɛliːəˈlɒdʒɪk(ə)l/ more teleological most teleological adj
teleologiczny
Of or pertaining to teleology; showing evidence of design or purpose.

teleology /ˌtiː.liˈɒ.lə.dʒi/ teleologies n
teleologia
(philosophy) The study of the purpose or design of natural occurrences.

telepathic /ˌtɛlɪˈpæθɪk/ more telepathic most telepathic adj
telepatyczny
(parapsychology) Of, relating to, or using telepathy.

telepathy /təˈlɛpəθi/ /tɛˈlɛpəθi/ /ˈtɛləpæθi/ telepathies n
telepatia
(parapsychology) The capability to communicate directly by psychic means; the sympathetic affection of one mind by the thoughts, feelings, or emotions of another at a distance, without communication through the ordinary channels of sensation.

telephone /ˈ tɛl.əˌfoʊn/ /ˈ tɛl.əˌfəʊn/ /ˈ tɛl.ɪˌfəʊn/ telephones n
telefon
(countable) A telecommunication device (originally mechanical, and now electronic) used for two-way talking with another person (now often shortened to phone).

telephone /ˈ tɛl.əˌfoʊn/ /ˈ tɛl.əˌfəʊn/ /ˈ tɛl.ɪˌfəʊn/ v
telefonować dzwonić zadzwonić zatelefonować
(ambitransitive) To (attempt to) contact someone using a telephone.

telephone booth telephone booths n
budka telefoniczna
A small enclosure housing a public telephone.

telephone call telephone calls n
połączenie telefoniczne rozmowa telefoniczna
The conversation held by the two parties on this connection.

telephone exchange telephone exchanges n
centrala
any equipment that establishes connections between telephones
the rooms housing such equipment

telephone number telephone numbers n
numer telefonu
The sequence of digits used to identify a particular destination telephone in a network.

telephone operator telephone operators n
telefonista telefonistka
A person who operates a telephone switchboard.

telephonic adj
telefoniczny
Of, pertaining to, or transmitted by telephony.

telephoto lens telephoto lenses n
teleobiektyw
(photography) A lens which produces a magnified view of distant objects and which is sufficiently compact to have a physical length shorter than its focal length (as distinct from a long-focus lens).

teleportation teleportations n
teleportacja
Any of many (mostly hypothetical or fictional) processes of moving matter from one spatial point to another without physically crossing the space in between and which are often depicted or described as happening instantaneously, and through dematerialization or gateways.

teleprompter /ˈtɛləˌpɹɑmptəɹ/ teleprompters n
prompter
A device placed near or on a television camera that displays scrolling text, allowing a person to read a script while appearing to speak spontaneously to the camera.

telescope /ˈtɛl.əˌskoʊp/ /ˈtɛl.ɪ.skəʊp/ telescopes n
teleskop
A monocular optical instrument that magnifies distant objects, especially in astronomy.

telescopic /tɛlɪˈskɒpɪk/ more telescopic most telescopic adj
teleskopowy
Pertaining to, or carried out by means of, a telescope. [from 17th c.]

teleshopping n
telezakupy
(chiefly, UK, India) Shopping from home in response to offers on television advertising or shopping channels.

teletype /ˈtɛlɪˌtaɪp/ teletypes n
dalekopis
(historical) A telegraph that automatically prints transmitted messages in letters rather than Morse code or other symbols, typically resembling a typewriter in appearance.

televangelist /tɛlɪˈvænd͡ʒəlɪst/ televangelists n
teleewangelista
A religious minister (often a Christian priest or minister) who devotes a large portion of his or her ministry to television broadcasts to a regular viewing audience.

television /ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən/ /ˈtɛlɪˌvɪʒən/ /ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən/ /ˌtɛlɪˈvɪʒən/ televisions n
telewizor telewizja
(countable) An electronic home entertainment device equipped with a screen and a speaker for receiving television signals and displaying them in audio-visual form.
telewizja telewizor
(uncountable) Collectively, the programs broadcast via the medium of television.

television channel television channels n
kanał telewizyjny
A specific radio frequency or band of frequencies used for transmitting television.

television program television programs n
program telewizyjny
The content of an individual television broadcast.

television show television shows n
program telewizyjny
A live or recorded broadcast or program, or series of broadcasts or programs, meant to be viewed on television.

television station television stations n
stacja telewizyjna
A studio or building from where a television channel is broadcast.

televisual more televisual most televisual adj
telewizyjny
of or relating to television

tell /tɛl/ [tʰɛl] [tʰɛɫ] v
mówić powiedzieć rzec
(transitive) To order; to direct, to say to someone.

tell apart v
rozróżniać rozróżnić
(idiomatic) To perceive things as different, or to perceive their difference itself; to differentiate, distinguish, discriminate.

tell me about it phraseologicalUnit
nawet mi nie mów

tell on v
poskarżyć skarżyć
(usually childish) To inform on, to rat out; to tell a person in authority that someone else has done something wrong.

tell you what phraseologicalUnit
powiem tak

teller /ˈtɛlə/ /ˈtɛləɹ/ tellers n
opowiadacz opowiadaczka
A person who tells stories.
kasjer kasjerka
(banking, chiefly, US) A bank clerk who receives and pays out money.

tellingly more tellingly most tellingly adv
przekonująco

telltale /ˈtɛlteɪl/ telltales n
kapuś skarżypyta
One who divulges private information with intent to hurt others.
plotkara plotkarka plotkarz
A bird, the tattler.

tellurion /-ˈljɔː-/ /tə-/ /tɛˈl(j)ʊ.ɹi.ən/ /tɛˈljʊə.ɹɪ.ən/ /tɪ-/ tellurions n
tellurium
(astronomy, historical) An instrument used to show how the rotation of the Earth on its axis and its orbit around the Sun cause day and night and the seasons.

tellurium /tɪˈljʊəɹiəm/ telluriums n
tellur
(uncountable) The chemical element with atomic number 52. Symbol: Te. A rare, brittle, mildly toxic, silver-white metalloid.

telmatology n
bagnoznawstwo paludologia

telomere /ˈtiːləmɪəɹ/ /ˈtɛləmɪəɹ/ telomeres n
telomer
(genetics) Either of the sequences of DNA at each end of a eukaryotic chromosome.

telophase telophases n
telofaza
(biology) The final stage of mitosis or meiosis during which the daughter chromosomes move towards opposite ends of the nuclear spindle

tempera /ˈtɛmpəɹə/ temperas n
tempera
A medium used to bind pigments in painting, as well as the associated artistic techniques.

temperance /ˈtɛmpəɹəns/ temperances n
umiarkowanie powściągliwość
(obsolete) State with regard to heat or cold; temperature.

temperature /ˈtɛm.pə.t͡ʃə/ /ˈtɛm.pə.ɹə.t͡ʃə/ /ˈtɛm.pəɹ.əˌt͡ʃɚ/ /ˈtɛm.pəɹˌt͡ʃɚ/ /ˈtɛm.pɹə.t͡ʃə/ /ˈtɛm.pɹəˌt͡ʃɚ/ [ˈtʰɛm.pʰəɹˌt͡ʃɚ] [ˈtʰɛm.pʰɹəˌt͡ʃɚ] temperatures n
temperatura
A measure of cold or heat, often measurable with a thermometer.
(thermodynamics) A property of macroscopic amounts of matter that serves to gauge the average intensity of the random actual motions of the individually mobile particulate constituents.
gorączka
An elevated body temperature, as present in fever and many illnesses.

tempest /ˈtɛmpəst/ tempests n
burza
A storm, especially one with severe winds.

tempest in a teapot tempests in teapots n
burza w szklance wody
(idiomatic) A major fuss over a trivial matter.

template /ˈtɛm.pleɪt/ /ˈtɛm.plət/ /ˈtɛm.plɪt/ templates n
szablon
A physical object whose shape is used as a guide to make other objects.
szablon schemat
A generic model or pattern from which other objects are based or derived.

temple /ˈtɛmp(ə)l/ temples n
świątynia
A house of worship, especially:
A meeting house of the Oddfellows fraternity; its members.
(figurative) Any place regarded as holding a religious presence.
(figurative) Any place seen as an important centre for some activity.
(figurative) Anything regarded as important or minutely cared for.
skroń
(anatomy) The slightly flatter region, on either side of the human head, behind the eye and forehead, above the zygomatic arch, and forward of the ear.

tempo /ˈtɛm.pəʊ/ tempi tempos n
tempo
A frequency or rate.
(music) The number of beats per minute in a piece of music; also, an indicative term denoting approximate rate of speed in written music (examples: allegro, andante)

temporal /ˈtɛm.pə.ɹəl/ more temporal most temporal adj
świecki
(relational) Of or relating to the material world, as opposed to sacred or clerical.
czasowy tymczasowy
Of or relating to the sequence of time or to a particular time.

temporal lobe temporal lobes n
płat skroniowy
(neuroanatomy, anatomy) One of the four major divisions of the cerebrum of the brain, located behind the temples.

temporarily /ˈtɛmp(ə)r(ər)ɪli/ /ˌtɛmp(ə)ˈrɛrɪli/ /ˌtɛmpəˈɹɛɹəli/ adv
tymczasowo
For a limited period of time; not permanently.

temporary /ˈtɛmpəɹi/ /ˈtɛmpəɹəɹi/ /ˈtɛmpəˌɹɛɹi/ more temporary most temporary adj
tymczasowy krótkoczasowy krótkotrwały
Existing only for a short time or short times; transient, ephemeral.

tempt /tɛmpt/ /tɛmt/ v
kusić judzić podjudzić
(transitive) To provoke someone to do wrong, especially by promising a reward; to entice.
nęcić
(transitive) To attract; to allure.

tempt fate v
kusić los skusić los
(idiomatic) To take an extreme risk.

temptation /tɛmpˈteɪʃən/ temptations n
kuszenie pokuszenie
The act of tempting.
pokuszenie kuszenie
The condition of being tempted.
pokusa
Something attractive, tempting or seductive; an inducement or enticement.

tempter tempters n
kusiciel
Someone or something that tempts.
uwodziciel
A seducer, especially a man who seduces.

tempting /ˈtɛmp.tɪŋ/ more tempting most tempting adj
kusicielski
Attractive, appealing, enticing.
Seductive, alluring, inviting.

temptress /ˈtɛmp.tɹɛs/ temptresses n
uwodzicielka
An alluring woman who seduces or exploits men.

tempura /tɛmˈpu.ɹə/ /tɛmˈpɚ.ə/ /ˈtɛmpʊɹə/ tempuras n
tempura
A Japanese dish made by deep-frying vegetables, seafood, or other foods in a light batter.

ten /tɛn/ /tɪn/ [tʰɛn] tens n
dycha dziesięć
dziesiątka
A set or group with ten elements.

ten /tɛn/ /tɪn/ [tʰɛn] numeral
dziesięć dziesięcioro
The number occurring after nine and before eleven, represented in Arabic numerals (base ten) as 10 and in Roman numerals as X.

ten o'clock n
dziesiąta
(In both the 12-hour clock and the 24-hour clock) The start of the eleventh hour of the day; 10:00 a.m. (10:00).

ten thousand numeral
dziesięć tysięcy
The cardinal number 10,000.

ten-thousandth adj
dziesięciotysięczny
The ordinal form of the number ten thousand.

tenacious /təˈneɪʃəs/ more tenacious most tenacious adj
lepki
Clinging to an object or surface; adhesive.
uparty wytrwały zawzięty
Unwilling to yield or give up; dogged.
spoisty spójny zwarty
Holding together; cohesive.
trwały
Having a good memory; retentive.

tenancy /ˈtɛnənsi/ tenancies n
dzierżawa najem
Synonym of lease (an interest in land, its related contract or the document containing that contract); more commonly used when a lease is short-term or has a periodic rent that is not merely nominal.

tenancy in common tenancies in common n
współwładanie nieruchomością

tenant /ˈtɛ.nənt/ tenants n
najemca dzierżawca lokator
(computing) Any of a number of customers serviced through the same instance of an application.

tench /tɛnt͡ʃ/ tench tenches n
lin
A species of freshwater game fish, Tinca tinca.

tendency /ˈtɛn.dən.si/ tendencies n
tendencja skłonność
A likelihood of behaving in a particular way or going in a particular direction; a tending toward.

tendentious /tɛnˈdɛnʃəs/ more tendentious most tendentious adj
tendencyjny
Having a tendency; written or spoken with a partisan, biased or prejudiced purpose, especially a controversial one.

tender /ˈtɛn.də(ɹ)/ /ˈtɛn.də/ /ˈtɛn.dɚ/ tenderer tenderest adj
delikatny
(of food) Soft and easily chewed.
czuły pieszczotliwy
Fond, loving, gentle, or sweet.

tender /ˈtɛn.də(ɹ)/ /ˈtɛn.də/ /ˈtɛn.dɚ/ tenders n
tender
(rail transport) A railroad car towed behind a steam engine to carry fuel and water.
(nautical) A naval ship that functions as a mobile base for other ships.
środek płatniczy
A means of payment such as a check or cheque, cash or credit card.
oferta przetargowy
(legal) A formal offer to buy or sell something.

tenderhearted more tenderhearted most tenderhearted adj
kochliwy
Compassionate for another's distress.

tenderizer /ˌtɛndəˈɹaɪzə(ɹ)/ tenderizers n
tłuczek do mięsa
A form of mallet used to beat meat before cooking.

tenderloin tenderloins n
polędwica
The tenderest part of a loin of meat, especially of pork or beef.

tenderloin steak tenderloin steaks n
polędwica
Any of several steaks cut from the tenderest part of the loin of beef.

tenderly /ˈtɛn.də.li/ /ˈtɛn.dɚ.li/ more tenderly most tenderly adv
czule
In a tender manner; gently; sweetly.

tenderness /ˈtɛn.də.nɪs/ /ˈtɛn.dɚ.nɪs/ tendernesses n
czułość
a tendency to express warm, compassionate feelings

tendinitis /ˈtɛndn̩ˌaɪ.tɪs/ tendinites tendinitides tendinitises n
zapalenie ścięgien
Inflammation of a tendon.

tendon /ˈtɛn.dən/ tendons n
ścięgno
(anatomy) A tough band of flexible but inelastic fibrous collagen tissue that connects a muscle with its bony attachment and transmits the force which the muscle exerts.

tendril /ˈtɛn.dɹəl/ tendrils n
wąs
(botany) A thin, spirally coiling stem that attaches a plant to its support.
kosmyk
(zoology) A hair-like tentacle.

tenement /ˈtɛnɪmənt/ tenements n
czynszówka kamienica czynszowa
A building that is rented to multiple tenants, especially a low-rent, run-down one.

tenet /ˈtɛnət/ /ˈtɛnɪt/ tenets n
zasada dogmat
An opinion, belief, or principle that is held as absolute truth by someone or especially an organization.

tenfold adj
dziesięciokrotny
Ten times as much or as many.
dziesięcioczęściowy
Containing ten parts.

tenfold adv
dziesięciokrotnie dziesięciokroć
By ten times as much.

tenfold v
zdziesięciokrotniać zdziesięciokrotnić
To increase to ten times as much; to multiply by ten.

tenner /tɛnə(ɹ)/ tenners n
dycha
(informal) A monetary note (bill) whose face value is ten basic units of currency. Originally, a ten-shilling (half pound) note.

tennessine /ˈtɛn.əˌsiːn/ n
tenes
The chemical element (halogen) with atomic number 117

tennis /ˈtɛnɪs/ tennises n
tenis tenis ziemny biały sport
(sports) A sport played by two players (or four in doubles), who alternately strike the ball over a net using racquets.

tennis player tennis players n
tenisista tenisistka
A person who plays tennis, especially professionally. (This entry is a translation hub.)

tennis shoe /ˈtɛ.nɪ.ʃu(ː)/ tennis shoes n
tenisówka
(regional) A sneaker (trainer).

tenor clef tenor clefs n
klucz tenorowy

tense /tɛns/ tenses n
czas
(grammar, countable) Any of the forms of a verb which distinguish when an action or state of being occurs or exists.

tense /tɛns/ v
naprężać naprężyć
(transitive) To make tense.
(intransitive) To become tense.

tensor /ˈtɛn.sɔɹ/ /ˈtɛn.sɔː/ /ˈtɛn.sə/ /ˈtɛn.sɚ/ tensores tensors n
tensor
(muscle) A muscle that tightens or stretches a part, or renders it tense. [from 17th c.]
(mathematics, linear algebra, physics) A mathematical object that describes linear relations on scalars, vectors, matrices and other algebraic objects, and is represented as a multidimensional array. [from 18th c.]
(mathematics, obsolete) A norm operation on the quaternion algebra.

tensorial more tensorial most tensorial adj
tensorowy

tent /tɛnt/ /tɪnt/ tents n
namiot
A pavilion or portable lodge consisting of skins, canvas, or some strong cloth, stretched and sustained by poles, used for sheltering people from the weather.

tent peg tent pegs n
śledź
A peg, driven into the ground, to hold a rope that supports a tent.

tentacle /ˈtɛntəkəl/ /ˈtɛntɪkəl/ tentacles n
macka
(zoology) An elongated, boneless, flexible organ or limb of some animals, such as the octopus and squid.
(figurative) An insidious reach or influence.

tentacular /tɛnˈtækjuːlə(ɹ)/ adj
mackowaty
Resembling a tentacle or tentacles.

tentative /ˈtɛntətɪv/ more tentative most tentative adj
prowizoryczny
Of or pertaining to a trial or trials; essaying; experimental.
niepewny prowizoryczny
Uncertain; subject to future change.

tenth /tɛnθ/ /tɪnθ/ [tʰɛn̪θ] adj
dziesiąty
Being one of ten equal parts of a whole.

tenth /tɛnθ/ /tɪnθ/ [tʰɛn̪θ] tenths n
dziesiąty dziesiąta
The person or thing coming next after the ninth in a series; that which is in the tenth position.
dziesiąta
One of ten equal parts of a whole.

tenure /ˈtɛn.jə/ /ˈtɛn.jɚ/ /ˈtɛn.jʊə/ tenures n
kadencja
A period of time during which something is possessed.

tepid /ˈtɛpɪd/ tepider tepidest adj
letni
Lukewarm; neither warm nor cool.

tequila /ˌtəˈkiː.lə/ tequilas n
tequila
An alcoholic liquor distilled from the fermented juice of the Central American century plant Agave tequilana.

terabyte /ˈtɛɹəˌbaɪt/ [ˈtʰɛɹəˌbaɪ̯t] terabytes n
terabajt
One trillion (1012, or 1,000,000,000,000) bytes or 1,000 gigabytes.

teragon teragons n
wielokąt z fraktalnymi bokami

terasecond teraseconds n
terasekunda
(metrology) An SI unit of time equal to 1012 seconds. Symbol: Ts

teratoid /ˈtɛɹ.ə.tɔɪd/ more teratoid most teratoid adj
monstrualny teratoidalny
(genetics, medicine) Monster-like, exhibiting abnormal development.

teratoid /ˈtɛɹ.ə.tɔɪd/ teratoids n
teratoid
(medicine) An abnormal tumor similar to a teratoma.

teratoma /tɛɹəˈtəʊmə/ teratomas teratomata n
potworniak teratoma
(pathology) A benign or malignant tumour, especially of the gonads, that arises from germ cells and consists of different types of tissue such as skin, hair, or muscle.

terbium /ˈtɝ.bi.əm/ n
terb
A metallic chemical element (symbol Tb) with an atomic number of 65: a soft, silvery-white, rare earth metal that is malleable and ductile.

tercel gentle tercel gentles tercels gentle n
maisz maiz maiż
A male falcon.

tercet /ˈtɜː(ɹ)sɪt/ tercets n
tercyna
a three-line stanza in a poem

teriyaki /ˌte.ɹiˈjɐː.ki/ /ˌtɛ.ɹiˈjæ.ki/ /ˌtɛ.ɹiˈjɑ.ki/ /ˌtɛ.ɹɪˈjɑː.ki/ teriyakis n
sos teriyaki
A sweet soy sauce marinade.

term /tɜːm/ /tɝm/ terms n
warunek
A chronological limitation or restriction, a limited timespan.
termin określenie
A word or phrase (e.g., noun phrase, verb phrase, open compound), especially one from a specialised area of knowledge; a name for a concept.

term of endearment terms of endearment n
afektonim
A word, phrase, or nickname used as a term of address expressing affection.

terminal /ˈtɚmɪnəl/ more terminal most terminal adj
śmiertelny
Fatal; resulting in death.
graniczny końcowy
Appearing at the end; top or apex of a physical object.

terminal /ˈtɚmɪnəl/ terminals n
terminal
A building in an airport where passengers transfer from ground transportation to the facilities that allow them to board airplanes.
(computing) A device for entering data into a computer or a communications system and/or displaying data received, especially a device equipped with a keyboard and some sort of textual display.
(computing) A computer program that emulates a physical terminal.
dworzec czołowy
A rail station where service begins and ends; the end of the line. For example: Grand Central Terminal in New York City.

termination /tɚmɪˈneɪʃən/ terminations n
końcówka
(grammar) The last part of a word.

terminator /ˈtəː.mɪ.neɪ.tə/ /ˈtɝ.mɪ.neɪ.tɚ/ terminators n
terminator
(astronomy) The line between the day side and the night side of a moon, planet or other celestial body. [from 17th c.]
(electronics) An electrical device that absorbs reflection at the end of a transmission line.

terminological /ˌtɜɹmənəlˈɒd͡ʒɪkəl/ adj
terminologiczny
Of, or relating to terminology.

terminology /ˌtɜː.məˈnɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌtɜː.məˈnɔl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌtɝ.məˈnɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ terminologies n
terminologia
The set of terms actually used in any business, art, science, or the like; nomenclature; technical terms.

termite /ˈtɜː(ɹ).maɪt/ termites n
termit
A white-bodied, wood-consuming insect of the infraorder Isoptera, in the order Blattodea.

termless /ˈtɝmlɪs/ more termless most termless adj
bezterminowy
Not terminating; having no end, limit, or boundary

termlessly more termlessly most termlessly adv
bezterminowo

termlessness n
bezterminowość

tern /tɜːn/ /tɝn/ terns n
rybitwa
Any of various seabirds of the subfamily Sternidae (of the family Laridae) that are similar to gulls but are smaller and have a forked tail.

terra firma /ˌtɛɹ.ə ˈfɜː.mə/ /ˌtɛɹ.ə ˈfɝ.mə/ n
stały ląd
(colloquial) Land, as opposed to water or air.

terra incognita n
biała plama
Land that has never been explored or mapped; uncharted territory.
By extension, ideas or concepts that have not yet been tried or explored.

terrace /ˈtɛɹəs/ terraces n
taras
A platform that extends outwards from a building.
taras terasa
(agriculture) A raised, flat-topped bank of earth with sloping sides, especially one of a series for farming or leisure; a similar natural area of ground, often next to a river.
tasas
(chiefly, Indian English) The roof of a building, especially if accessible to the residents. Often used for drying laundry, sun-drying foodstuffs, exercise, or sleeping outdoors in hot weather.

terracotta /ˌtɛɹ.əˈkɑt.ə/ /ˌtɛɹ.əˈkɒt.ə/ terracottas n
terakota
A hard red-brown unglazed earthenware, used for pottery and building construction.
A reddish brown colour, like that of terra cotta.

terraforming /ˈtɛɹəfɔːmɪŋ/ n
terraformowanie
The hypothetical process of deliberately modifying the atmosphere, temperature, surface topography or ecology of a planet, moon, etc. to make it similar to those of Earth and thus suitable for human life.

terrain /tə.ˈɹeɪn/ terrains n
teren
An area of land or the particular features of it.

terrapin /-ən/ /ˈtæɹəˌpɪn/ /ˈtɑɹpɪn/ /ˈtɛɚpɪn/ /ˈtɛɹəpɪn/ /ˈtɛɹəˌpɪn/ terrapins n
terapena
(countable, obsolete) Any of several small turtles native to North America that live in brackish or fresh water, especially the diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin).

terrarium /tɘ.ˈɹiəɹ.i.ɘm/ /tə.ˈɹeːɹ.i.əm/ /tə.ˈɹɛəɹ.ɪ.əm/ /tə.ˈɹɛɹ.i.əm/ terraria terrariums n
terrarium
An enclosure wherein small animals are displayed, usually with some plants, in a naturalistic setting.

terrestrial /təˈɹɛstɹi.əl/ adj
ziemski
Of, relating to, or inhabiting the land of the Earth or its inhabitants, earthly.
nadziemny
Living or growing in or on land (as opposed to other habitat); not aquatic, etc.
naziemny
(broadcasting) Broadcast using radio waves as opposed to satellite or cable.

terrible /ˈtɛɚbəl/ /ˈtɛɹəbəl/ /ˈtɛɹɪbəl/ /ˈtɝbəl/ more terrible most terrible terribler terriblest adj
straszny okropny przerażający straszliwy
Dreadful; causing terror, alarm and fear; awesome
groźny
Formidable, powerful.
straszny
Intense; extreme in degree or extent.
okropny
Unpleasant; disagreeable.
okropny kiepski
Very bad; lousy.

terribly /ˈtɛɹ.ɪ.bli/ more terribly most terribly adv
okropnie
(literary, _, or, _, dated) So as to cause terror or awe.
Very; extremely.

terrier /ˈtɛɹiə(ɹ)/ terriers n
terier terrier
A dog from a group of small, lively breeds, originally bred for the hunting of burrowing prey such as rats, rabbits, foxes, and even otters; this original function is reflected in some of their names (e.g. rat terrier).

terrific /təˈɹɪfɪk/ more terrific most terrific adj
wspaniały świetny
Extremely good; excellent, amazing. [from 19th c.]

territorial /ˌtɛɹ.əˈtɔɹ.i.əl/ /ˌtɛɹ.ɪˈtɔː.ɹi.əl/ more territorial most territorial adj
terytorialny
Of, relating to, or restricted to a specific geographic area, or territory.

territorial integrity n
integralność terytorialna
(international law) The principle that a state's borders are sacrosanct; the idea that nation-states should not promote secessionist movements or border changes in other nation-states.

territorial waters n
morze terytorialne wody przybrzeżne wody terytorialne
(politics, geography) A country's inland lakes and waterways as well as the portion of its coastal oceans, seas, or other adjoining bodies of water considered to fall within the political boundaries and legal jurisdiction of that country.

territory /ˈtɛɹɪt(ə)ɹi/ /ˈtɛɹɪˌtɔɹi/ territories n
terytorium
A large extent or tract of land; for example a region, country or district.
(Australia) One of three of Australia's federal entities, located in the country's north and southeast, with fewer powers than a state and created by an act of Parliament rather than by the Constitution: Northern Territory, Australian Capital Territory and Jervis Bay Territory.
rewir
(ecology) An area that an animal of a particular species consistently defends against its conspecifics.

terror /tɛɚ/ /ˈtɛɹ.ə/ /ˈtɛɹ.ɚ/ terrors n
groza
(countable, uncountable) Intense dread, fright, or fear.
(countable) Something or someone that causes such fear.
terror
(uncountable) The action or quality of causing dread; terribleness, especially such qualities in narrative fiction.

terrorbombing terrorbombings n
bombowanie terrorystyczne

terrorism /ˈtɛɹəɹɪzəm/ terrorisms n
terroryzm
(historical) The system of fear and intimidation put into place during the Reign of Terror in Revolutionary France around 1793-94.

terrorist /ˈtɛɹəɹɪst/ adj
terrorystyczny
Of or relating to terrorism.

terrorist /ˈtɛɹəɹɪst/ terrorists n
terrorysta terrorystka
A person, group, or organization that uses violent action, or the threat of violent action, to further political goals.

terrorize /ˈtɛɹəɹaɪz/ v
sterroryzować terroryzować
To fill (someone) with terror; to terrify.

terry cloth terry cloths n
frotté
An absorbent cotton fabric typically used for towels and bathrobes; toweling.

terse /tɜːs/ /tɝːs/ terser tersest adj
jędrny lakoniczny lapidarny zwięzły
(by extension) Of speech or style: brief, concise, to the point.
krótki
(by extension) Of manner or speech: abruptly or brusquely short; curt.

tertiary /ˈtɜː.ʃi.ə.ɹiː/ /ˈtɝ.ʃi.æ.ɹi/ /ˈtɝ.ʃə.ɹi/ tertiaries n
tercjarka tercjarz
(Roman Catholicism) A member of a Roman Catholic third order; a layperson who participates in activities similar to those engaged in by men and women who take religious vows (respectively the first and second orders), and who may wear some elements of an order's habit such as a scapular.

terza rima /ˌtɛːtsə ˈɹiːmə/ /ˌtɝtsə ˈɹimə/ terze rime n
tercyna
(poetry) An arrangement of triplets, generally in iambic pentameter in English, with rhyme scheme aba bcb cdc.

teschenite /ˈtɛʃəˌnaɪt/ teschenites n
cieszynit
(petrology) Any of a group of rocks containing essential pyroxene, olivine, and analcime.

tesla /ˈtɛslə/ tesla teslas n
tesla
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of magnetic flux density or magnetic inductivity. Symbol: T

tessellation /tɛsəˈleɪʃən/ tessellations n
parkietaż
(countable) A tiling pattern with no gaps; the result of tessellating an area or plane.

tesseract tesseracts n
teserakt
(mathematics, geometry) The four-dimensional analogue of a cube; a 4D polytope bounded by eight cubes (analogously to the way a cube is bounded by six squares).

test /tɛst/ [tʰest] [tʰɛst] tests n
próba
A challenge, trial.
sprawdzian
(academia) An examination, given often during the academic term.
test sprawdzian
A session in which a product, piece of equipment, or system is examined under everyday or extreme conditions to evaluate its durability, etc.
(obsolete) Judgment; distinction; discrimination.

test /tɛst/ [tʰest] [tʰɛst] v
testować
(academics) To administer or assign an examination, often given during the academic term, to (somebody).
To place a product or piece of equipment under everyday and/or extreme conditions and examine it for its durability, etc.

test card test cards n
obraz kontrolny
(UK, television) A test signal, typically broadcast at times when the transmitter is active but no programme is being broadcast (often at startup and closedown).

test of time tests of time n
próba czasu ząb czasu

test the waters v
badać grunt wybadać grunt
(idiomatic) To explore or probe, as before making a commitment.

test tube test tubes n
probówka próbówka
(chemistry) a glass tube, rounded at one end and open at the other; used for small-scale laboratory tests

testament /ˈtes.tə.mənt/ /ˈtɛs.tə.mənt/ testaments n
testament
(law) A solemn, authentic instrument in writing, by which a person declares his or her will as to disposal of his or her inheritance (estate and effects) after his or her death, benefiting specified heir(s).
One of the two parts to the scriptures of the Christian religion: the New Testament, considered by Christians to be a continuation of the Hebrew scriptures, and the Hebrew scriptures themselves, which they refer to as the Old Testament.

testator /tɛsˈteɪ.tɚ/ /ˈtɛˌsteɪ.tɚ/ testators n
spadkodawca spadkodawczyni testator
(legal) One who makes or has made a legally valid will.

testicle /ˈtɛstɪkəl/ testicles n
jądro jajo
A testis: the male sex and endocrine gland, found in some types of animals, that produces sperm and male sex hormones, including the steroid testosterone.

testicular /tɛsˈtɪkjələ/ /tɛsˈtɪkjəlɚ/ adj
jądrowy
(physiology) Pertaining to one or more testicles; of the testicle(s).

testify /ˈtɛstɪfaɪ/ v
zeznawać
To make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath.

testimony /ˈtɛstɪmoʊni/ /ˈtɛstɪməni/ testimonies n
zeznanie
(legal) Statements made by a witness in court.
zeznanie świadectwo
An account of first-hand experience.

testing /ˈtɛs.tɪŋ/ testings n
testowanie
The act of conducting a test; trialing, proving.

testosterone /tɛˈstɑ.stəˌɹoʊn/ /tɛˈstɒ.stə.ɹəʊn/ testosterones n
testosteron
(steroid hormone) A steroid hormone that stimulates development of male secondary sexual characteristics, produced mainly in the testes, but also in the ovaries and adrenal cortex.

tetanus /ˈtɛt.nəs/ /ˈtɛt.ən.əs/ tetani tetanuses n
tężec
(pathology, countable) A serious and often fatal disease caused by the infection of an open wound with the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium tetani, found in soil and the intestines and faeces of animals.

tether /ˈtɛðə(ɹ)/ tethers n
postronek pęta pęto uwięź
A rope, cable etc. that holds something in place whilst allowing some movement.

tetra tetras n
tetra
Any of numerous species of small freshwater fish of the South American family Characidae and West African family Alestidae, popular in home aquariums.

tetra- /ˈtɛtɹə/ prefix
tetra-
Four.

tetracontadigon tetracontadigons n
42-okąt
(geometry) A polygon with forty two sides and forty two angles.

tetracontagon /ˈtɛ.tɹəˈkɑntæ.ɡɑn/ tetracontagons n
40[[kąt|-okąt]]
(geometry) A 40-sided polygon.

tetracontane tetracontanes n
tetrakontan

tetracosane tetracosanes n
tetrakozan

tetradecagon tetradecagons n
czternastokąt
A polygon having fourteen sides and fourteen angles.

tetradecagonal adj
mający czternaście kątów

tetradecahedron tetradecahedra tetradecahedrons n
14[[ściana|-ościan]]
(geometry) A polyhedron with fourteen faces.

tetradecane tetradecanes n
tetradekan
(organic compound) Any of very many isomers of the aliphatic hydrocarbon having fourteen carbon atoms (C14H30)

tetrahedral adj
czworościenny
Of, relating to, or having the shape of a tetrahedron.

tetrahedron /tɛtɹəˈhiːdɹən/ tetrahedra tetrahedrons n
czworościan
(geometry) A polyhedron with four faces; the regular tetrahedron, the faces of which are equal equilateral triangles, is one of the Platonic solids.

tetrahydrocannabinol /ˌtɛ.tɹəˌhaɪ.dɹək.əˈnæb.əˌnɔl/ /ˌtɛ.tɹəˌhʌɪ.dɹə(ʊ).kəˈnæb.ɪn.ɒl/ /ˌtɛ.tɹəˌhʌɪ.dɹə(ʊ)ˈkæn.əb.ɪn.ɒl/ tetrahydrocannabinols n
tetrahydrokannabinol
(organic compound) The psychoactive substance present in cannabis, a hydrogenated derivative of cannabinol.

tetralogy /tɛˈtɹæləd͡ʒi/ tetralogies n
tetralogia czteroksiąg
A set of four works of art that are connected, and that can be seen either as a single work or as four individual works. They are commonly found in literature, film, or video games.

tetraplegia tetraplegias n
tetraplegia
Paralysis of all four limbs.

tetrapod /ˈtɛ.tɹəˌpɑd/ /ˈtɛ.tɹəˌpɒd/ adj
czworonożny
Having four limbs or feet

tetrapod /ˈtɛ.tɹəˌpɑd/ /ˈtɛ.tɹəˌpɒd/ tetrapods n
czworonóg
Any vertebrate (such as birds or snakes) that has evolved from early tetrapods; especially any member of the superclass Tetrapoda

tetrarchy /ˈtɛtɹɑɹki/ /ˈtɛtɹɑːki/ tetrarchies n
tetrarchia
(politics) A government where power is shared by four people, especially (historical) the Herodian tetrarchy established in Judea after the death of Herod and the Tetrarchy of Diocletian which ruled the Roman Empire in the years 293-313.

tetration /tɛtˈɹeɪʃən/ tetrations n
tetracja

tetravalent adj
czterowartościowy
(chemistry) Having an atomic valence of 4.

tetromino /tɛˈtɹɑːmɪnoʊ/ /tɛˈtɹɒmɪnəʊ/ tetrominoes n
tetromino
(geometry) A polyomino made up of four squares connected edge to edge.

tex texes n
teks
A milligram per meter, a unit of linear mass density for thread or fiber.

text /tɛkst/ texts n
tekst esemes sms wiadomość
(colloquial) A brief written message transmitted between mobile phones.

text /tɛkst/ v
pisać
(transitive) To send a text message to; i.e. to transmit text using the Short Message Service (SMS), or a similar service, between communications devices, particularly mobile phones.
esemesować
(intransitive) To send and receive text messages.

text box text boxes n
pole tekstowe
(computing, graphical user interface) A rectangular widget that accepts textual input on an interactive electronic display.

text editor text editors n
edytor edytor tekstu
(computing) A program which allows a user to edit the contents of a text file, usually in an interactive way with immediate visual feedback.

text message text messages n
esemes
A brief electronic message sent between mobile phones.

text message v
esemesować
(transitive, or, intransitive) To transmit a text message.

textbook /ˈtɛkst.bʊk/ more textbook most textbook adj
podręcznikowy
Of or pertaining to textbooks or their style, especially in being dry and pedagogical; textbooky, textbooklike.
Having the typical characteristics of some class of phenomenon, so that it might be included as an example in a textbook.

textbook /ˈtɛkst.bʊk/ textbooks n
podręcznik
A coursebook, a formal manual of instruction in a specific subject, especially one for use in schools or colleges.

textbook case textbook cases n
podręcznikowy przykład
A real-life case that matches the theory perfectly, a perfect example.

textile /ˈtɛks.taɪl/ textiles n
materiały włokiennicze tekstylia włókienniczy
(usually, in the plural) Any material made of interlacing fibres, including carpeting and geotextiles.
(naturism) A non-nudist.

textiles n
włókiennictwo
The industry involved in the manufacture of cloth.

textual /ˈtɛks.tju.əl/ /ˈtɛks.tʃu.əl/ /ˈtɛks.tʃəl/ more textual most textual adj
tekstowy
Of or pertaining to text as opposed to other document elements.

textual criticism textual criticisms n
krytyka tekstu tekstologia
A field of scholarly enquiry dedicated to reconstructing the oldest form(s) of a text that is or are possible to retrieve and to explaining any attested variants.

textural adj
teksturalny teksturowy
Of or pertaining to texture.

texture /ˈtɛkst͡ʃə(ɹ)/ /ˈtɛkʃt͡ʃə(ɹ)/ v
teksturować

textured /ˈtɛk.st͡ʃɚd/ /ˈtɛk.ʃt͡ʃɚd/ more textured most textured adj
teksturowany

thalamus /ˈθæləməs/ thalami thalamuses n
wzgórze
(neuroanatomy) Either of two large, ovoid structures of grey matter within the forebrain that relay sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex.

thaler /ˈtɑːləɹ/ thalers n
talar
(historical, numismatics) A monetary unit used in a number of central and northern European countries, known locally as daalder (Netherlands), daler (Scandinavia), Taler, Thaler (Germany), etc.

thaliacean thaliaceans n
sprzągla
Any pelagic marine tunicate of the class Thaliacea.

thallium /ˈθæliəm/ thalliums n
tal
A metallic chemical element (symbol Tl) with atomic number 81: a gray post-transition metal that discolors when exposed to air.

thallus /ˈθæl.əs/ thalli thalluses n
plecha
(botany) An undifferentiated plant body, such as in algae.
(botany) Any plant body lacking vascular tissue.

than /ðæn/ /ðən/ /ðɛn/ [ðn̩] preposition
niż aniżeli
introduces a comparison, and is associated with comparatives, and with words such as more, less, and fewer. Typically, it seeks to measure the force of an adjective or similar description between two predicates.

thanatology /ˌθæ.nəˈtɑl.əd͡ʒ.i/ /θan.əˈtɒl.əd͡ʒ.i/ thanatologies n
tanatologia
The scientific study of death and the practices associated with it, including the study of the needs of the terminally ill and their families.

thank /ðæŋk/ /θæŋk/ [t̪eɪ̯ŋk] [ðeɪ̯ŋk] [θeɪ̯ŋk] v
dziękować podziękować
(transitive) To express gratitude or appreciation toward.

thank God interjection
dzięki Bogu chwała Bogu
Used to express gratitude or relief.

thank goodness interjection
dzięki Bogu chwała Bogu
Used to express gratitude or relief

thank one's lucky stars v
dziękować losowi podziękować losowi
(idiomatic) To be grateful, feel oneself fortunate (especially in avoiding some calamity).

thank you /ˈðæŋk ˌju/ /ˈθæŋk ˌju/ [ˈt̪eɪ̯ŋk ˌju] [ˈðeɪ̯ŋk ˌju] [ˈθeɪ̯ŋk ˌju] interjection
dziękuję
An expression of gratitude or politeness in response to something done or given. [from c. 1400]

thank you very much interjection
dziękuję bardzo
Said to express greater gratitude than would be conveyed by thank you.

thankful /ðæŋkfəl/ /ˈθæŋkfəl/ more thankful most thankful adj
wdzięczny
(obsolete) Obtaining or deserving thanks; thankworthy.

thankfully more thankfully most thankfully adv
na szczęście
(sometimes proscribed) fortunately, gratefully.

thankless adj
niewdzięczny
(of a person) ungrateful or unappreciative

thanks /t̪ʰaŋks/ /ðæŋks/ /θæŋks/ interjection
dziękuję dzięki
Used to express appreciation or gratitude.

thanks /t̪ʰaŋks/ /ðæŋks/ /θæŋks/ n
podziękowanie podzięka
(obsolete)

thanks a lot interjection
wielkie dzięki
An emphatic thanks.

thanks a million interjection
stokrotne dzięki
(informal) thank you, intensified.

thanks for nothing interjection
bez łaski łaski bez
(idiomatic, ironic) Expression of displeasure towards a person who has not provided what was wanted.

thanks for your help phraseologicalUnit
dzięki za twoją pomoc dziękuję za pomoc
Expresses appreciation of assistance provided or services rendered by the interlocutor.

thanks in advance interjection
z góry dziękuję
(This entry is a translation hub.)

thanks to preposition
dzięki
Because of; normally used with a positive connotation, though it can be used sarcastically.

thanksgiving /ˈθæŋksˌɡɪv.ɪŋ/ /ˌθæŋksˈɡɪv.ɪŋ/ thanksgivings n
dziękczynienie
An expression of gratitude.

that /ðət/ /ˈd̪æt/ /ˈd̪æʈ/ /ˈd̪ɛt/ /ˈd̪ʱæʈ/ /ˈðæt/ /ˈðɛt/ adv
aż na tyle
(degree) To a given extent or degree.
(degree) To a great extent or degree; very, particularly (in negative constructions).

that /ðət/ /ˈd̪æt/ /ˈd̪æʈ/ /ˈd̪ɛt/ /ˈd̪ʱæʈ/ /ˈðæt/ /ˈðɛt/ conjunction
żeby
Introducing a clause that is the subject or object of a verb (such as one involving reported speech), or which is a complement to a previous statement.
że iż co żeby
Introducing a subordinate clause expressing a reason or cause: because, in that.

that /ðət/ /ˈd̪æt/ /ˈd̪æʈ/ /ˈd̪ɛt/ /ˈd̪ʱæʈ/ /ˈðæt/ /ˈðɛt/ those determiner
tamten tamta tamto
The (thing, person, idea, etc) indicated or understood from context, especially if more remote physically, temporally or mentally than one designated as "this", or if expressing distinction.

that /ðət/ /ˈd̪æt/ /ˈd̪æʈ/ /ˈd̪ɛt/ /ˈd̪ʱæʈ/ /ˈðæt/ /ˈðɛt/ pronoun
to ta te ten
The known (thing); used to refer to something just said.

that does it interjection
basta
(idiomatic) Used to express annoyance or frustration or announce that one has reached the limit of one's patience or temper.

that is adv
czyli to jest to znaczy
(conjunctive) In other words; that is to say. Used to introduce a clarification or explanation

that is it phraseologicalUnit
to wszystko
Finished. There is nothing more to the issue.

that one pronoun
tamten ony
A specified object, thing or person (especially one further away/over there or known or mentioned later). (This entry is a translation hub.)

that'll do phraseologicalUnit
wystarczy
Used to acknowledge something as being sufficient.

that's a relief phraseologicalUnit
co za ulga
that's a relief (said upon hearing good news that makes someone cease to be worried about something)

that's for me to know and you to find out phraseologicalUnit
masz się domyślać
A phrase used to reply to a question whose answer the speaker doesn't want to reveal.

that's it phraseologicalUnit
to wszystko
that's all (there is nothing more to the issue)
dokładnie właśnie
yes!, exactly!, bingo!

that's that phraseologicalUnit
bez dyskusji bez gadania
(idiomatic) There is nothing more to say or to do concerning the matter and is not up for discussion or debate.

that's why adv
dlatego
a statement to emphasise the reason or explanation just given

thatch /θæt͡ʃ/ thatches n
strzecha
Straw, rushes, or similar, used for making or covering the roofs of buildings, or of stacks of hay or grain.

thaw /θoː/ /θɑ/ /θɔ/ /θɔː/ thaws n
odwilż ocieplenie roztop tajanie
The melting of ice, snow, or other frozen or congealed matter; the transformation of ice or the like into the state of a fluid; liquefaction by heat of anything congealed by frost

thaw /θoː/ /θɑ/ /θɔ/ /θɔː/ v
tajać odtajać roztapiać się roztopić się stopnieć topnieć
(intransitive) To gradually melt, dissolve, or become fluid; to soften from frozen
rozmrażać rozmrozić roztapiać roztopić topić
(transitive) To gradually cause frozen things (such as earth, snow, ice) to melt, soften, or dissolve.

the /jiː/ /ð/ /ðeː/ /ði/ /ðiː/ /ðə/ /ðɪ/ /ˈðiː/ /ˈðʌ/ /θeː/ adv
im + comp., tym + comp.
With a comparative or with more and a verb phrase, establishes a correlation with one or more other such comparatives.

the /jiː/ /ð/ /ðeː/ /ði/ /ðiː/ /ðə/ /ðɪ/ /ˈðiː/ /ˈðʌ/ /θeː/ article
ten
Used before an adjective, indicating all things (especially persons) described by that adjective. [from 9th c.]

the apple does not fall far from the tree proverb
niedaleko pada jabłko od jabłoni
(idiom) A child grows up to be similar to its parents, both in behavior and in physical characteristics.

the ball is in someone's court phraseologicalUnit
piłka jest po czyjejś stronie

the bill, please phraseologicalUnit
poproszę rachunek
Indicates the speaker wishes to pay the bill (e.g. in a restaurant).

the biter bit n
drań

the chickens come home to roost proverb
cierp ciało, skoroś chciało
(idiomatic) A person's past wrongdoings will return to negatively affect them.

the coast is clear phraseologicalUnit
czysto
(idiomatic) There is no danger; one can freely pass through a region without risk of discovery.

the customer is always right proverb
klient ma zawsze rację
Service staff should give high priority to customer satisfaction.

the day before adv
poprzedniego dnia
On the preceding day. (This entry is a translation hub.)

the die is cast /ðə ˌdaɪ ɪz ˈkæst/ /ðə ˌdaɪ ɪz ˈkɑːst/ phraseologicalUnit
kości zostały rzucone
(idiomatic) Conclusive action has been taken, so events will proceed in an irreversible manner; the point of no return has been passed; the future is determined; there are no more options.

the dogs bark, but the caravan goes on proverb
psy szczekają, karawana idzie dalej psy szczekają, karawana jedzie dalej
History (or progress) moves ahead, no matter the criticism it may attract.

the drinks are on me phraseologicalUnit
ja stawiam drinki
Indicates that speaker is going to pay for the drinks consumed (at a bar, restaurant, etc.)

the early bird gets the worm proverb
kto rano wstaje, temu Pan Bóg daje
Whoever arrives first has the best chance of success; some opportunities are available only to the first competitors.

the end /ði ɛnd/ /ðiː ɛnd/ phraseologicalUnit
koniec
Used traditionally at the end of a story or film.

the end justifies the means proverb
cel uświęca środki
Morally wrong actions are sometimes necessary to achieve morally right outcomes; actions can be considered morally right or wrong only by virtue of the morality of the outcome.

the end of one's rope n
u kresu cierpliwości
(idiomatic) The point at which one has run out of options or the ability to delay.

the enemy of my enemy is my friend proverb
wróg mojego wroga jest moim przyjacielem
It is sometimes necessary to cooperate with a person one does not like or agree with, in order to combat a common threat.

the first step is always the hardest proverb
pierwsze koty za płoty

the fish rots from the head proverb
ryba psuje się od głowy
Bad leaders harm an organization.

the fuck phraseologicalUnit
do chuja do kurwy
(vulgar, slang) Used with an interrogative pronoun as an intensifier to express anger, frustration, incredulity, or other strong emotion.
do chuja kurwa w pizdu
(vulgar, slang) Used after verbs forming a part of a phrasal verb as an intensifier to imply aggressive emphasis.

the grass is always greener on the other side proverb
wszędzie dobrze, gdzie nas nie ma
The circumstances of others seem more desirable than one's own but in reality often are not.

the great and the good n
ważni wielcy i wspaniali

the hell adv
do jasnej
(mildly, vulgar) Expletive used for emphasis after an interrogative term or relative pronoun.

the jug goes to the well until it breaks proverb
póty dzban wodę nosi, póki się ucho nie urwie
Even though you can use something, it may contain flaws that will lead it to ultimately fail.

the king is dead, long live the king! phraseologicalUnit
umarł król, niech żyje król

the last I heard phraseologicalUnit
ostatnio jak słyszałam ostatnio jak słyszałem

the left hand doesn't know what the right hand is doing phraseologicalUnit
niech lewa ręka nie wie, co czyni prawa
Two parts of an organization are unaware of each other's activities.

the moon on a stick /ˈmun ɑn ə ˈstɪk/ /ˈmuːn ɒn ə ˈstɪk/ n
gwiazdka z nieba
(chiefly, US, hyperbolic, idiomatic) All that one could desire, especially as an unreasonable demand; everything.

the more the merrier proverb
w kupie raźniej
Something is more fun with more people.

the more things change, the more they stay the same proverb
im bardziej się wszystko zmienia, tym bardziej jest tak samo
A change of heart must accompany experience before lasting change occurs.

the next day adv
następnego dnia nazajutrz

the night is young phraseologicalUnit
Jeszcze jest wcześnie (o porze dnia)
It's not very late (at night) and there's plenty of time.

the one the ones n
ten jedyny
(colloquial) A particularly special or compatible person or thing.

the other day adv
kilka dni temu niedawno ostatnio
(idiomatic) recently; lately; a few days ago.

the other way around adv
na odwrót
The same but with the things or people mentioned in reverse order.

the penny drops phraseologicalUnit
dotarło
(UK, informal) Understanding is reached; one comprehends.

the pitcher goes so often to the well that it is broken at last proverb
póty dzban wodę nosi, póki się ucho nie urwie
When an object is used too much, it ultimately breaks down at some point.

the proof of the pudding is in the eating proverb
nie przekonasz się, dopóki nie spróbujesz
One can only claim that something is a success after it has been tried out or used.

the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog phraseologicalUnit
stróż pchnął kość w quiz gędźb vel fax myjń
A phrase containing every letter of the English alphabet (a pangram), used to demonstrate typographical fonts etc.

the rest is history phraseologicalUnit
reszta jest historią
(idiomatic) An indication that one does not need to continue narrating a story as the subsequent events are assumed to be well-known.

the road to hell is paved with good intentions proverb
dobrymi chęciami jest piekło wybrukowane
Well-intended acts can potentially lead to disasters.

the shit n
zajebisty
(vulgar, colloquial, slang) Something considered to be excellent or the best of its kind.

the shoe is on the other foot phraseologicalUnit
role się odwróciły
(idiomatic) The roles of people in a situation have been reversed, such that the advantage has shifted to a party which was previously disadvantaged.

the shoemaker's children go barefoot proverb
szewc bez butów chodzi
One often neglects those closest to oneself.

the show must go on phraseologicalUnit
przedstawienie musi trwać
(idiomatic) One must finish what one has started; things must continue no matter what.

the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak proverb
dusza chętna, ale ciało słabe
As much as one wishes to achieve something, the frailties of the human body often make it impossible. Sometimes extended to jocular or organizational referents.

the straw that broke the camel's back n
kropla, która przepełnia czarę
(idiomatic) A small and seemingly insignificant addition to a burden that renders it too much to bear; the small thing which causes failure, or causes inability or unwillingness to endure any more of something.

the thing is phraseologicalUnit
chodzi o to, że... rzecz w tym, że... sęk w tym, że...
(idiomatic, colloquial) Used to introduce the main point or issue.

the toilet is clogged phraseologicalUnit
toaleta jest zatkana
Indicates that the toilet is clogged.

the way things are going phraseologicalUnit
jeśli nic się nie zmieni

the way to a man's heart is through his stomach proverb
przez żołądek do serca
Cooking food for a man is a good way to win his affections.

the wolf may lose his teeth but never his nature proverb
natura ciągnie wilka do lasu
One cannot change one's nature, no matter how much time passes.

the world is someone's oyster /ðə ˈwɜɹld‿ɪz ˌsʌmwʌnz ˈɔɪstəɹ/ /ðə ˈwɜːld‿ɪz ˌsʌmwʌnz ˈɔɪstə/ proverb
świat stoi przed kimś otworem
All opportunities are open to someone; the world is theirs.

theater /ˈθi(ə)tɚ/ /ˈθi.eɪ.tɚ/ /ˈθiətə/ /ˈθiː.ə.tə/ /ˈθɪə.tə/ /ˈθɪə.tɚ/ /θiˈeɪ.tə/ /θiˈɛt.ə/ [ˈθiə̯tɜ] [ˈθiə̯ɾɜ] theaters n
teatr
A place or building, consisting of a stage and seating, in which an audience gathers to watch plays, musical performances, public ceremonies, and so on.
Drama or performance as a profession or art form.

theater of war theaters of war n
teatr działań wojennych teatr wojny
The area in which armed conflict takes place.

theatrical /θiˈæt.ɹɪ.kəl/ more theatrical most theatrical adj
teatralny
Of or relating to the theatre.
teatralny aktorski
Fake and exaggerated.

theatricality theatricalities n
teatralnie
theatrical behaviour and mannerisms

theatrically more theatrically most theatrically adv
aktorsko teatralnie
in a theatrical or dramatic manner.

thee /ðiː/ pronoun
cię
(now, chiefly, archaic, literary) Objective and reflexive case of thou. [from 8th c.]

theft /θɛft/ thefts n
kradzież
The act of stealing property.

their /ðɚ/ /ðɛə(ɹ)/ /ðɛɚ/ /ðɛː(ɹ)/ determiner
ich
Belonging to, from, of, or relating to, them (plural).

theirs /ðɛəz/ /ðɛɚz/ /ðɛɹz/ /ðɛːz/ pronoun
ich
That which belongs to them; the possessive case of they, used without a following noun.

theism /ˈθiː.ɪz.əm/ theisms n
teizm
Belief in the existence of at least one deity.
(narrowly) Belief in the existence of a personal creator god, goddess, gods and/or goddesses present and active in the governance and organization of the world and the universe. The God may be known by or through revelation.

theist /ˈθiːɪst/ theists n
teista teistka
One who believes in the existence of a god or gods.

them /ðəm/ /ðɛm/ /ðʌm/ [d̪ɛm] [d̪ʌm] pronoun
ich je
Used as the direct object of a verb.
Used as the indirect object of a verb.
Used as the object of a preposition.
Used as the direct object of a verb.
Used as the indirect object of a verb.
Used as the object of a preposition.

thematic /θɛˈmætɪk/ /θɪˈmætɪk/ more thematic most thematic adj
tematyczny
Relating to, or having a or a topic.
(history) Of or relating to a .

thematic vowel thematic vowels n
samogłoska tematyczna

thematically more thematically most thematically adv
tematycznie
In a thematic manner

theme /θiːm/ themes n
temat
A subject, now especially of a talk or an artistic piece; a topic.
kompozycja motyw
Any of various colors, or color palettes, in which a design is offered; (GUI) any of various skins for an app, affecting the visuals and perhaps other elements such as sound effects.

theme park theme parks n
lunapark park rozrywki
An amusement park that has one or more specific central themes, often as part of its name.

theme song theme songs n
motyw muzyczny
(music, broadcasting) A song which accompanies a television or radio program, usually as an intro or outro.

themeless adj
beztematyczny

themselves /ðəmˈsɛlvz/ /ðɛmˈsɛlvz/ pronoun
same sami
(reflexive pronoun) The reflexive case of they, the third-person singular personal pronoun. The single person previously mentioned, as the object of a verb or following a preposition (also used for emphasis).

then /ðen/ /ðɛn/ adj
bieżący
Being so at that time.

then /ðen/ /ðɛn/ adv
wtedy wówczas
(temporal location) At that time.
potem następnie
(temporal location) Soon afterward.
następnie potem
(sequence) Next in order of place.
wówczas to
(conjunctive) In that case.
również także
(sequence) At the same time; on the other hand.

thence /ðɛns/ adv
stamtąd
(formal) From there, from that place or from that time.

thenceforth /ˌðɛnsˈfɔːɹθ/ /ˌðɛnsˈfɔːθ/ adv
od tego czasu
From that time on.

theo- prefix
teo-
(religion) god; deity

theocentric /θiːəʊˈsɛntɹɪk/ more theocentric most theocentric adj
teocentryczny
Having God as main focus: with God, a god, or gods as the focal point.

theocracy /θiːˈɒkɹəsi/ theocracies n
teokracja
Government under the control of a state religion.

theocratic more theocratic most theocratic adj
teokratyczny
Pertaining to theocracy.

theodicy /θiˈɑd.ɪ.si/ /θiːˈɒd.ɪ.si/ theodicies n
teodycea
(theology, philosophy) A justification of a deity or of particular attributes of a deity; specifically, a justification of the existence of evil and suffering in the world; a work or discourse justifying the ways of God.

theodolite /θiːˈɒdəlaɪt/ theodolites n
teodolit
A surveying instrument, consisting of a small mounted telescope, used to measure horizontal and vertical angles.

theogony /θɪˈɑːɡənɪ/ /θɪˈɒɡənɪ/ theogonies n
teogonia
(chiefly, in ancient, _, religion) The origination of gods or a narrative describing the origin of gods.

theologian /θi.əˈloʊd͡ʒən/ theologians n
teolog teolożka
One who studies theology.

theological /θi.əˈlɑd͡ʒɪkl/ /θɪəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkl/ adj
teologiczny
Of or relating to theology.

theology /θi.ˈɒ.lə.d͡ʒi/ theologies n
teologia
(uncountable) The study of God, a god, or gods; and of the truthfulness of religion in general. [from mid-14th c.]

theopanism n
teopanizm
The belief that the universe emanates from, or is a projection of, God.

theophany /θiːˈɒfəni/ theophanies n
teofania
A manifestation of a deity to a person.

theophoric adj
teoforyczny
(of a name) Containing the name of a deity.

theophylline /θi.əˈfɪl.iːn/ /θi.əˈfɪl.ɪn/ /θiˈɑf.əl.ɪn/ n
teofilina
(organic chemistry, pharmaceutical drug) A bitter crystalline compound present in small quantities in tea leaves, isomeric with theobromine; used as a drug in therapy for respiratory diseases.

theorbo /θi.ˈɔɹ.boʊ/ /θi.ˈɔː.bəʊ/ theorboes theorbos n
teorba
(musical instruments) A baroque, double-necked lute having an extra set of open bass strings.

theorem /ˈθiː.ə.ɹəm/ /ˈθɪəɹ.əm/ theorems n
twierdzenie
(mathematics) A mathematical statement of some importance that has been proven to be true. Minor theorems are often called propositions. Theorems which are not very interesting in themselves but are an essential part of a bigger theorem's proof are called lemmas.
(mathematics, colloquial, nonstandard) A mathematical statement that is expected to be true

theoretic /ˌθiːəˈɹɛtɪk/ /ˌθɪə̯ˈɹɛtɪk/ more theoretic most theoretic adj
teoretyczny
Existing only in theory, not proven in reality.

theoretical /ˌθi.əˈɹɛtɪkəl/ /ˌθɪə̯ˈɹɛtɪkəl/ more theoretical most theoretical adj
teoretyczny
Of or relating to theory; abstract; not empirical.

theoretically adv
teoretycznie
in theory; on paper

theorist /ˈθiːəɹəst/ /ˈθɪəɹəst/ /ˈθɪəɹɪst/ /ˈθɪɹəst/ theorists n
teoretyk teoretyczka
Someone who constructs theories, especially in the arts or sciences.

theory /ˈθi.ə.ɹi/ /ˈθiː.ə.ɹi/ /ˈθɪə.ɹi/ /ˈθɪɚ.i/ /ˈθɪɹ.i/ theories n
teoria
A description of an event or system that is considered to be accurate.
(sciences) A coherent statement or set of ideas that explains observed facts or phenomena and correctly predicts new facts or phenomena not previously observed, or which sets out the laws and principles of something known or observed; a hypothesis confirmed by observation, experiment etc. [from 17th c.]
(mathematics) A field of study attempting to exhaustively describe a particular class of constructs. [from 18th c.]
(countable, logic) A set of axioms together with all statements derivable from them; or, a set of statements which are deductively closed. Equivalently, a formal language plus a set of axioms (from which can then be derived theorems). The statements may be required to all be bound (i.e., to have no free variables).

theory of relativity theories of relativity n
teoria względności
(physics) The theories of special relativity and general relativity, two theories in physics developed mainly by Albert Einstein at the beginning of the 20th century from which several important results such as the equivalence of matter and energy and the Einstein field equations are derived.

theory of value theories of value n
teoria wartości
(economics) an economic theory that attempts to explain the exchange value or price of goods and services

theosophy [θi.ˈɑs.ə.fi] [θɪˈɒsəfɪ] theosophies n
teozofia
(philosophy, religion) Any doctrine of religious philosophy and mysticism claiming that knowledge of God can be attained through mystical insight and spiritual ecstasy, and that direct communication with the transcendent world is possible.

therapeutic /θɛɹəˈpjuːtɪk/ more therapeutic most therapeutic adj
terapeutyczny
Of, or relating to therapy.

therapist /ˈθɛɹəpɪst/ therapists n
terapeuta terapeutka
Someone who provides therapy, usually professionally.

therapize /ˈθɛɹəpaɪz/ v
terapeutyzować
(transitive) To subject (someone) to therapy, especially to psychotherapy.

therapy /ˈθɛɹ.ə.pi/ therapies n
terapia leczenie
Attempted remediation of a health problem following a diagnosis, usually synonymous with treatment.

there /ðeː(ɹ)/ /ðə(ɹ)/ /ðɚ/ /ðɛə(ɹ)/ /ðɛɚ/ /ðɛɹ/ /ðɛː(ɹ)/ adv
tam
(location) In a place or location (stated, implied or otherwise indicated) at some distance from the speaker (compare here).
(figuratively) In that matter, relation, etc.; at that point, stage, etc., regarded as a distinct place.

there and back phraseologicalUnit
tam i z powrotem
(idiomatic) On or for a round trip journey, literal or figurative.

there are phraseologicalUnit
są
. see also there is.

there are plenty of fish in the sea proverb
tego kwiatu jest pół światu
There are many more potential opportunities available.

there be v
być
The specified thing exists, physically or abstractly.

there is v
jest nie ma są
. Used to indicate the existence of something physical or abstract. See also there are.

there is nothing new under the sun proverb
nic nowego pod słońcem
There is nothing truly novel in existence; every new idea has some sort of precedent or echo from the past.

there you go phraseologicalUnit
dobrze robisz
You have done it, or are doing it, correctly.

there you have it phraseologicalUnit
taka jest sprawa
(idiomatic) That is it; that is the situation or state of things.

there's a grain of truth in every joke phraseologicalUnit
w każdym żarcie jest ziarno prawdy
Whenever a person is joking, they are actually disguising thoughts and emotions, either subconsciously or deliberately.

there's been an accident phraseologicalUnit
był wypadek
Indicates that an accident has occurred.

there's many a good tune played on an old fiddle proverb
nawet w starości ludzie potrafią wiele
Just because something or someone is old does not mean that it or they are no longer useful or worthwhile.

there's more than one way to skin a cat proverb
wszystkie drogi prowadzą do Rzymu
(originally, US) A problem generally has more than one solution; there is more than one way to achieve a goal.

there's more where that came from phraseologicalUnit
jest tego więcej
A greater number of similar things can be provided in the future.

there's no accounting for taste proverb
o gustach się nie dyskutuje
In subjective matters of taste, people have wildly different opinions; disagreements about matters of taste cannot be objectively resolved.

there's no fool like an old fool proverb
stary, a głupi
If a person does not develop wisdom with age, then their foolishness is all the more obvious and shameful.

there's no place like home proverb
wszędzie dobrze, ale w domu najlepiej
One feels most comfortable at home.

there's no such thing as a free lunch phraseologicalUnit
nie ma darmowych obiadów
Nothing is free; even things that appear free often have to be paid in the end.

thereby /ðɛəˈbaɪ/ /ðɛɹˈbaɪ/ adv
tym samym
(formal) By it; by that; by that means, or as a consequence of that.

therefore /ˈðɛəfɔː/ /ˈðɛɚ.fɔɹ/ /ˈðɜːɹˌfɔːɹ/ adv
dlatego więc zatem przeto tak że toteż
(conjunctive) Consequently, by or in consequence of that or this cause; referring to something previously stated.

therein lies the rub phraseologicalUnit
tu jest pies pogrzebany tu leży pies pogrzebany

theremin /ˈθɛ.ɹɪ.mɪn/ /ˈθɛə.ɹəˌmɪn/ theremins n
theremin
An electronic musical instrument that generates sound of varying pitch and volume depending on the proximity of the musician’s hands to two antennae mounted on the instrument.

thereminist thereminists n
thereminista thereministka
Someone who plays the theremin.

thermal camera thermal cameras n
termowizor
A camera that is sensitive to infrared radiation (heat) instead of visible light as ordinary camera.

thermic /ˈθɜː(ɹ)mɪk/ adj
termiczny cieplny
Of, related to, or associated with heat; thermal.

thermistor thermistors n
termistor
(electronics) A resistor whose resistance varies rapidly and predictably with temperature and as a result can be used to measure temperature.

thermite /ˈθɜː(ɹ).maɪt/ thermites n
termit
(chemistry) A mixture of a metal and a metal oxide capable of producing a thermite reaction, such as aluminium metal and ferric oxide; used in incendiary devices.

thermochromic adj
termochromowy

thermoconvection thermoconvections n
konwekcja ciepła

thermodynamic /ˌθɝmoʊdaɪˈnæmɪk/ adj
termodynamiczny
Of, or relating to the conversion of heat into other forms of energy.
(physics) Of, or relating to thermodynamics.

thermodynamic equilibrium thermodynamic equilibria n
równowaga termodynamiczna
(physics) The state of a system in which its energy distribution is such that all parts of the system have the same temperature and no heat flows.

thermodynamics /-dɪ-/ /-mə-/ /-məʊ-/ /ˌθɜː(ɹ)moʊdaɪˈnæmɪks/ n
termodynamika
(physics) The science of the conversions between heat and other forms of energy.

thermogenesis n
termogeneza

thermoinducibility n
zdolność do indukcji ciepła

thermoinducible adj
zdolny do indukcji ciepła

thermometer /θəˈmɒmɪtə/ /θɚˈmɑmɪtɚ/ thermometers n
termometr
An apparatus used to measure temperature.

thermometric adj
termometryczny
Of or pertaining to the measurement of temperature

thermometry n
termometria

thermonuclear adj
termojądrowy termonuklearny
Of, or relating to the fusion of atomic nuclei at high temperatures.

thermophilic more thermophilic most thermophilic adj
ciepłolubny
(biology) of, or relating to a thermophile; living and thriving at relatively high temperatures

thermoregulation n
termoregulacja
(biology) The maintenance of a constant internal temperature of an organism independent of the temperature of the environment

thermos /ˈθɜː.mɒs/ /ˈθɝ.məs/ thermoses n
termos
A bottle, flask or similar vessel having a vacuum between its inner and outer silvered walls; designed to maintain the temperature of its contents

thermosphere thermospheres n
termosfera
The layer of the Earth's atmosphere directly above the mesosphere and directly below the exosphere.

thermostat /ˈθɝmoʊstæt/ /ˈθɝməstæt/ thermostats n
termostat
A device that automatically responds to changes in temperature by activating a heating or cooling system to maintain the temperature at a desired setting.

therophyte /ˈthɪəɹəʊfaɪt/ therophytes n
terofit
(biology) Any plant which survives unfavourable seasons in the form of seeds only

thesaurus /θɪˈsɔːɹəs/ thesauri thesauruses n
tezaurus słownik synonimów słownik wyrazów bliskoznacznych
A publication, traditionally in the form of a book and now often online, that provides synonyms (and sometimes antonyms and other semantic relations) for the words of a given language.

these /ðiz/ /ðiːz/ determiner
ci te
plural of this

thesis /ˈθisiz/ /ˈθisɪs/ /ˈθiːsiːz/ /ˈθiːsɪs/ /ˈθɛsɪs/ theses n
dysertacja praca dyplomowa
(by extension) A lengthy essay written to establish the validity of a thesis (sense 1.1), especially one submitted in order to complete the requirements for a non-doctoral degree in the US and a doctoral degree in the UK; a dissertation.
teza
(rhetoric) A proposition or statement supported by arguments.

thespian /ˈθɛspi.ən/ more thespian most thespian adj
aktorski
Of, or relating to drama and acting; dramatic, theatrical.

theta /ˈθeɪ.ta/ /ˈθeɪtə/ /ˈθiːtə/ [fei̯˥ tʰaː˩] thetas n
theta
The eighth letter of the Modern Greek alphabet, ninth in Old Greek: Θ, θ.

theurgy /ˈθiːˌɜː.d͡ʒi/ /ˈθiːˌɝ.d͡ʒi/ theurgies n
teurgia
A form of magic designed to allow for worship or conjuration of, or communication with spirits or deities.

they /ðeɪ/ pronoun
one oni
(the third-person plural nominative) A group of entities previously mentioned. [since the 1200s]

thiamine thiamines n
aneuryna tiamina
(vitamin) One of the constituents of vitamin B complex, found in meat, yeast and bran, that is necessary for the metabolism of carbohydrates.

thick /θɘk/ /θɪk/ thicker thickest adj
gruby gęsty
Relatively great in extent from one surface to the opposite in its smallest solid dimension.
Heavy in build; thickset.
gęsty gruby
Having a viscous consistency.

thick and thin n
na dobre i na złe
(idiomatic) Both good and bad times.

thick as a brick adj
głupi jak but

thick as thieves adj
znać się jak łyse konie
(idiomatic, simile, of friends or members of a group) Intimate, close-knit, tight.

thick skin /θɪk ˈskɪn/ n
gruba skóra
(idiom) Ability to take criticism or harsh behavior without being easily offended.

thick-billed murre thick-billed murres n
nurzyk polarny
A large auk, Uria lomvia.

thick-skinned thicker-skinned thickest-skinned adj
gruboskórny
Not easily offended.
(obsolete) Obtuse, thick, intellectually dull or insensitive.

thicken /ˈθɪkən/ v
pogrubiać pogrubić
(transitive) To make thicker (in the sense of wider).
zagęszczać zagęścić
(transitive) To make thicker (in the sense of more viscous).
grubieć zgrubieć
(intransitive) To become thicker (in the sense of wider).
gęstnieć zgęstnieć
(intransitive) To become thicker (in the sense of more viscous).

thickener thickeners n
zagęstnik zagęszczacz
Any substance added to something in order to thicken it; a thickening agent; a binder.

thickening agent thickening agents n
zagęstnik zagęszczacz
any substance used to increase viscosity, especially of a food product

thicket /ˈθɪkɪt/ thickets n
chaszcze zarośla gęstwina
A dense, but generally small, growth of shrubs, bushes or small trees; a copse.

thickness /ˈθɪknəs/ thicknesses n
grubość
(uncountable) The property of being thick (in dimension).

thief /θif/ /θiːf/ thieves n
złodziej złodziejka amator cudzej własności kradziej
One who carries out a theft.

thief in law thieves in law n
wor w zakonie
A criminal who is respected, has authority and a high ranking status within the criminal underworld in the old Soviet Union, Russia and the republics that formed the former Soviet Union.

thievish more thievish most thievish adj
złodziejski
Having a tendency to steal.

thigh /θaɪ/ thighs n
udo
The upper leg of a human, between the hip and the knee. [from 8th c.]

thighbone thighbones n
kość udowa
(skeleton) The bone that extends from the pelvis to the knee in humans; the femur.

thill /θɪl/ thills n
hołobla
One of the two long pieces of wood, extending before a vehicle, between which a horse is hitched; a shaft.

thimble /ˈθɪmb(ə)l/ thimbles n
naparstek
(sewing) A pitted, now usually metal, cup-shaped cap worn on the tip of a finger, which is used in sewing to push the needle through material.
As much as fills a thimble (sense 1); a thimbleful.
chomątko kausza sercówka
(nautical) A metal ring which a cable or rope intended for attaching to other things is looped around as a protection against chafing.

thin /ˈθɪn/ thinner thinnest adj
cienki
Having little thickness or extent from one surface to its opposite.
cienki wąski
Very narrow in all diameters; having a cross section that is small in all directions.
chudy cienki
Having little body fat or flesh; slim; slender; lean; gaunt.
rzadki
Of low viscosity or low specific gravity.
Scarce; not close, crowded, or numerous; not filling the space.

thin /ˈθɪn/ v
rozcieńczyć rozrzedzić
To dilute.
przerzedzić
To remove some plants or parts of plants in order to improve the growth of what remains.

thin client thin clients n
cienki klient
(computing) A minimal client that relies on the server to do most of its processing.

thin out v
przerzedzać przerzedzić
(transitive) To make sparse; to remove some of a group of newly-planted plants in order to allow the remaining ones to grow unimpeded.

thin-skinned more thin-skinned most thin-skinned adj
wrażliwy
(idiomatic) Overly sensitive to criticism; quick to take offence; irritable; touchy.

thine /ðaɪn/ determiner
twój
(archaic) Singular second person prevocalic possessive determiner (preconsonantal form: thy).

thine /ðaɪn/ pronoun
twój
(archaic) Singular second person possessive pronoun; yours

thing /θi(ː)ŋ/ /θɪŋ/ things n
rzecz coś
That which is considered to exist as a separate entity, object, quality or concept.
coś
A word, symbol, sign, or other referent that can be used to refer to any entity.
bajka
Used after a noun to refer dismissively to the situation surrounding the noun's referent.

thing of the past things of the past n
przeszłość
(idiomatic) Something that has gone extinct or become obsolete.

thing-in-itself things-in-themselves n
noumen noumenon rzecz sama w sobie
(from Kantian, _, philosophy, _, on) A thing as it is independent of any conceptualization or perception by the human mind, postulated by practical reason but existing in a condition which is in principle unknowable and unexperienceable.

thingamajig /ˈθɪŋəməˌd͡ʒɪɡ/ thingamajigs n
wihajster
(informal) Something that one does not know the name of.

thingy /ˈθɪŋi/ /ˈθɪŋiː/ thingies n
wihajster
(informal) A thing (used to refer to something vaguely or when one cannot recall or does not wish to mention its name).

think /θɪŋk/ [θæŋk] v
myśleć pomyśleć zastanawiać się
(intransitive) To communicate to oneself in one's mind, to try to find a solution to a problem.
myśleć uważać
(transitive) To be of opinion (that); to consider, judge, regard, or look upon (something) as.
myśleć sądzić
(transitive) To guess; to reckon.

think big v
mierzyć wysoko

think one's shit doesn't stink v
być aroganckim
(vulgar) To be arrogant or overconfident.

think tank think tanks n
think tank
(idiomatic) A group of people who collectively perform research and develop reports and recommendations on topics relating to strategic planning or public policy, and which is usually funded by corporate, government, or special interests.

think the world revolves around one v
uważać się za pępek świata

think through v
przemyśleć przemyśliwać
To fully consider, so as to understand all the consequences of.

think up v
wymyślać wymyślić
(idiomatic) To create in one’s mind; to invent.

think with one's little head v
pozamieniać się z chujem na łby

thinker /ˈθɪŋ.kə(ɹ)/ /ˈθɪŋ.kɚ/ thinkers n
myśliciel myślicielka
One who spends time thinking, contemplating or meditating.
myśliciel intelektualista myślicielka intelektualistka
An intellectual, such as a philosopher or theologian.

thioether thioethers n
tioeter
(chemistry) Any analogue of an ether, or general formula RSR', in which the oxygen has been replaced by sulfur; an organic sulfide.

thiosulfate thiosulfates n
tiosiarczan
(chemistry) any salt or ester of thiosulfuric acid

thiosulfuric acid n
kwas tiosiarkowy
(inorganic compound) An unstable acid, H2S2O3, formally derived from sulfuric acid by the substitution of a sulfur atom in the place of an oxygen one; it is known only in solution or as its salts and esters, the thiosulfates.

third /tʰʊːɹd/ /t̪ɔɪd/ /θɜːd/ /θɝd/ adj
trzeci
The ordinal form of the cardinal number three; Coming after the second.

third /tʰʊːɹd/ /t̪ɔɪd/ /θɜːd/ /θɝd/ thirds n
trzeci trzecia
The person or thing in the third position.
trzeci
One of three equal parts of a whole.
tercja
(music) An interval consisting of the first and third notes in a scale.

third /tʰʊːɹd/ /t̪ɔɪd/ /θɜːd/ /θɝd/ v
popierać coś jako trzecia osoba poprzeć coś jako trzecia osoba
(informal) To agree with a proposition or statement after it has already been seconded.
roztroić
To divide into three equal parts.

third party third parties n
osoba trzecia
(business, commerce) Someone not directly involved in a transaction; an entity beyond the seller (first party) and customer (second party).

third person third persons n
trzecia osoba
(grammar) the form of a verb used when the subject of a sentence is not the audience or the one making the statement. In English, pronouns used with the third person include he, she, it, one, they, and who.

third time's a charm proverb
do trzech razy sztuka

third way third ways n
trzecia droga
An approach or solution which strives for an alternative to or middle ground between two opposing viewpoints. [from 17th c.]

third wheel third wheels n
piąte koło u wozu
(idiomatic) A person or thing that serves no useful purpose.
piąte koło u wozu przyzwoitka
(idiomatic) An unwanted third party accompanying two people on a date.

thirdly /ˈθɚdli/ /ˈθɜːdli/ /ˈθɜːdlɪ/ adv
po trzecie
In the third place; third in a row.

thirst /θɜːst/ /θɝst/ thirsts n
pragnienie
A sensation of dryness in the throat associated with a craving for liquids, produced by deprivation of drink, or by some other cause (such as fear, excitement, etc.) which stops the secretion of the pharyngeal mucous membrane.
(figuratively) Sexual lust.

thirst /θɜːst/ /θɝst/ v
spragniony
(intransitive) To be thirsty.
pragnąć spragnionym
(intransitive, usually followed by "for") To desire vehemently.

thirsty /ˈθɜːs.ti/ /ˈθɝs.ti/ thirstier thirstiest adj
spragniony
Needing to drink.
Causing thirst; giving one a need to drink (informal).

thirteen /ˈθɜː.tiːn/ /ˈθɝ.tin/ /ˈθɝt.tin/ /ˌθɜːˈtiːn/ /ˌθɝtin/ /ˌθɝtˈtin/ numeral
trzynaście trzynaścioro
The cardinal number occurring after twelve and before fourteen, represented in Roman numerals as XIII and in Arabic numerals as 13.

thirteenth /ˌθɜːˈtiːnθ/ /ˌθɝˈtiːnθ/ adj
trzynasty trzynasta
The ordinal form of the number thirteen.

thirteenth /ˌθɜːˈtiːnθ/ /ˌθɝˈtiːnθ/ thirteenths n
trzynasty trzynasta trzynaste
The person or thing in the thirteenth position.

thirties n
lata 30. lata trzydzieste
A decade starting with the year xx30, most usually the decade from 1930 to 1939.

thirtieth /ˈθɜːti.əθ/ /ˈθɝti.əθ/ adj
trzydziesty trzydziesta
The ordinal form of the number thirty.

thirty /ˈθɜːti/ /ˈθɝti/ [ˈθɝɾi] numeral
trzydzieści
The cardinal number occurring after twenty-nine and before thirty-one, represented in Arabic numerals as 30.

thirty-eight numeral
trzydzieści osiem
The cardinal number immediately following thirty-seven and preceding thirty-nine.

thirty-five numeral
trzydzieści pięć
The cardinal number immediately following thirty-four and preceding thirty-six.

thirty-four numeral
trzydzieści cztery
The cardinal number immediately following thirty-three and preceding thirty-five.

thirty-nine numeral
trzydzieści dziewięć
The cardinal number immediately following thirty-eight and preceding forty.

thirty-one numeral
trzydzieści jeden
The cardinal number immediately following thirty and before thirty-two; thirty plus one.

thirty-seven numeral
trzydzieści siedem
The cardinal number occurring after thirty-six and before thirty-eight.

thirty-six /ˌθɜːtiˈsɪks/ /ˌθɝtiˈsɪks/ numeral
trzydzieści sześć
The cardinal number immediately following thirty-five and preceding thirty-seven.

thirty-three numeral
trzydzieści trzy
The cardinal number after thirty-two and before thirty-four.

thirty-two /ˌθɜːtiˈtuː/ /ˌθɝtiˈtu/ numeral
trzydzieści dwa
The cardinal number after thirty-one and before thirty-three.
(Nigeria, colloquial) Teeth.

this /ðəs/ /ðɪs/ these determiner
ten ta
The (thing) here (used in indicating something or someone nearby).
The known (thing) (used in indicating something or someone just mentioned).
taki ten
The known (thing) (used in indicating something or someone about to be mentioned).
ten
(informal) A known (thing) (used in first mentioning a person or thing that the speaker does not think is known to the audience). Compare with "a certain ...".

this /ðəs/ /ðɪs/ pronoun
ten to ta
The thing, item, etc. being indicated.

this afternoon adv
dziś po południu tego popołudnia
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see this,‎ afternoon.

this and that pronoun
to i owo
Various unspecified things.

this evening adv
wieczorem
During the evening of today.

this is the life phraseologicalUnit
to jest dopiero życie to jest życie
(informal) An expression of bliss, an expression of happiness with one's current situation.

this one pronoun
ten ów
A specified object, thing or person (especially one nearby or known). (This entry is a translation hub.)

this time n
tym razem
On this occasion (as opposed to last time or next time).

this way n
tędy
(This entry is a translation hub.) In the indicated direction or manner.

this year adv
w tym roku latoś tego roku
The current year. (This entry is a translation hub.)

this year's adj
tegoroczny
Produced or occurring during the current year. (This entry is a translation hub.)

thistle /θɪsl̩/ thistles n
oset bodiak
This plant seen as the national emblem of Scotland.

thither /ˈðɪðə/ /ˈðɪðɚ/ /ˈθɪðə/ /ˈθɪðɚ/ adv
dotamtąd tam
(chiefly, literary, or, law, archaic) To that place.

tholobate tholobates n
bęben tambur

thong /θɑŋ/ /θɒŋ/ /θɔŋ/ thongs n
rzemień
A strip of leather.
japonka klapek
(usually, in the plural, Australia) An item of footwear, usually of rubber, secured by two straps which join to pass between the big toe and its neighbour.
stringi
(UK, US) An item of clothing, usually an undergarment or swimwear consisting of very narrow strips designed to cover just the genitals and nothing more.

thoracic /θəˈɹæsɪk/ adj
piersiowy
(anatomy) Of the thorax.

thorax /ˈθɔɹæks/ thoraces thoraxes n
klatka piersiowa
(anatomy) The region of the mammalian body between the neck and abdomen as well as the cavity containing the heart and lungs.
tułów
(entomology, and, arachnology) The middle of three distinct divisions in an insect, crustacean or arachnid body to which the legs are attached.

thorium /ˈθɔːɹiəm/ thoriums n
tor
A chemical element (symbol Th) with atomic number 90: a weakly radioactive, malleable, moderately hard silvery metal that tarnishes black when exposed to air.

thorn /θoɹn/ /θɔːn/ /θɔːɹn/ [θo̞ɹn] thorns n
cierń kolec
(botany) A sharp protective spine of a plant.

thorn apple thorn apples n
bieluń
Any of several species of plants bearing thorns and apple-like fruit:

thorn in someone's side thorns in someone's side n
być solą w oku
(idiomatic) A persistent annoyance.

thorny /ˈθɔɹni/ /ˈθɔːni/ thornier thorniest adj
ciernisty kolczasty
Having thorns or spines
najeżony
(figuratively) Troublesome or vexatious

thorough /ˈθɜɹoʊ/ /ˈθʌɹoʊ/ /ˈθʌɹə/ thorougher thoroughest adj
gruntowny
Painstaking and careful not to miss or omit any detail.

thoroughbred more thoroughbred most thoroughbred adj
czystej krwi pełnokrwisty rasowy
Bred from pure stock.

thoroughfare /ˈθʌɹəfɛː/ thoroughfares n
przejście
(now, _, rare, _, except in certain set phrases) A passage; a way through.
droga przelotowa
A road open at both ends or connecting one area with another; a highway or main street.
droga wodna
An unobstructed waterway allowing passage for ships.

thoroughly /ˈθɜɹ.ə.li/ /ˈθʌɹ.ə.li/ more thoroughly most thoroughly adv
doszczętnie gruntownie
In a thorough or complete manner.

those were the days phraseologicalUnit
to były czasy

thou /ðaʊ/ /ðuː/ ye pronoun
ty
(archaic, dialectal, literary, religion, or humorous) . [chiefly up to early 17th c.]

thou /ðaʊ/ v
tykać mówić na ty
(transitive) To address (a person) using the pronoun thou, especially as an expression of contempt or familiarity.

though /ðoʊ/ /ðəʊ/ adv
bez względu na to jednak mimo to
(conjunctive) Despite that; however.

though /ðoʊ/ /ðəʊ/ conjunction
chociaż choć aczkolwiek
Despite the fact that; although.

thought /θoːt/ /θɑt/ /θɒt/ /θɔt/ /θɔːt/ thoughts n
myśl pomysł
(countable) Representation created in the mind without the use of one's faculties of vision, sound, smell, touch, or taste; an instance of thinking.
(uncountable) The operation by which mental activity arise or are manipulated; the process of thinking; the agency by which thinking is accomplished.

thought blocking /θɔːt ˈblɑkɪŋ/ /θɔːt ˈblɒkɪŋ/ thought blockings n
otamowanie
(psychiatry) The phenomenon, in schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders, where a person's speech is suddenly interrupted by silences.

thought experiment thought experiments n
eksperyment myślowy
(physics, philosophy) An attempt to solve a problem using the power of human imagination.

thought police thought police n
policja myśli
A group that aims to control what other people think.

thoughtcrime /ˈθɔːtˌkɹaɪm/ thoughtcrimes n
myślozbrodnia
A crime committed by having unorthodox, unofficial, controversial or socially unacceptable thoughts.

thoughtful /ˈθɑtfəl/ /ˈθɔtfəl/ /ˈθɔːtfəl/ /ˈθɔːtfʊl/ more thoughtful most thoughtful adj
rozważny
Demonstrating thought or careful consideration.
troskliwy
Demonstrating kindness or consideration for others.

thoughtfulness /-fʊl-/ /ˈθɑt-/ /ˈθɔtf(ə)lnəs/ /ˈθɔːtf(ə)lnəs/ n
troska troskliwość
Thoughtful and considerate attention.

thoughtless /ˈθɑtləs/ /ˈθɑtlɪs/ /ˈθɔtləs/ /ˈθɔtlɪs/ /ˈθɔːtləs/ /ˈθɔːtlɪs/ more thoughtless most thoughtless adj
lekkomyślny
Marked by or showing lack of due thought or care; careless.
bezmyślny
Inconsiderate, inattentive.

thoughtlessly /ˈθɔt.lɪs.li/ more thoughtlessly most thoughtlessly adv
bezmyślnie
Done without thinking.

thoughtlessness /ˈθɑtləsnəs/ /ˈθɑtləsnɪs/ /ˈθɑtlɪsnɪs/ /ˈθɔtləsnəs/ /ˈθɔtləsnɪs/ /ˈθɔtlɪsnɪs/ /ˈθɔːtləsnəs/ /ˈθɔːtləsnɪs/ /ˈθɔːtlɪsnɪs/ n
bezmyślność
heedless disregard for the consequences of one's actions

thousand /ˈθaʊz(ə)n(d)/ /ˈθaʊz(ə)nd/ [ˈθaʊ̯zn̩d] thousands numeral
tysiąc
A numerical value equal to 1,000 = 10 × 100 = 103 (1 E+3 exactly—in scientific E notation.)

thousandth /ˈθaʊzəndtθ/ /ˈθaʊzəndð/ /ˈθaʊzəntθ/ /ˈθaʊzənð/ /ˈθaʊzənθ/ adj
tysięczny
last in order of a series of a thousand; next after the nine hundred and ninety-ninth.

thrashing /ˈθɹæʃɪŋ/ thrashings n
baty bicie cięgi
A beating, especially a severe one.

thread /θɹɛd/ [θɾ̪̊ɛd] threads n
nić nitka
A long, thin and flexible form of material, generally with a round cross-section, used in sewing, weaving or in the construction of string.
wątek
(computing) A unit of execution, lighter in weight than a process, usually sharing memory and other resources with other threads executing concurrently.
temat wątek
(Internet) A series of messages, generally grouped by subject, in which all messages except the first are replies to previous messages in the thread.

threat /ˈtɹɛt/ /ˈθɹet/ /θɹɛt/ threats n
groźba pogróżka
An expression of intent to injure or punish another.
zagrożenie groźba
An indication of potential or imminent danger.
A person or object that is regarded as a danger; a menace.

threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/ v
grozić pogrozić
To make a threat against someone; to use threats.
To portend, or give a warning of.
grozić zagrozić zagrażać
To menace, or be dangerous.

threatening /ˈθɹɛt.n̩.ɪŋ/ more threatening most threatening adj
arcygroźny
Presenting a threat, posing a likely risk of harm.

threateningly more threateningly most threateningly adv
arcygroźnie
In a threatening manner.

three /fɹiː/ /θɹiː/ [t̪ɾ̪̊iː] [θɹi] [θɹ̥i] [θɹ̥ɪi] [θɾ̪̊i] [θɾ̪̊iː] [θɾ̪̊ɪi] threes n
trójka trzy
The digit/figure 3.
trójka
Anything measuring three units, as length.
The playing card featuring three pips.
trzylatek trzylatka
A person who is three years old.

three /fɹiː/ /θɹiː/ [t̪ɾ̪̊iː] [θɹi] [θɹ̥i] [θɹ̥ɪi] [θɾ̪̊i] [θɾ̪̊iː] [θɾ̪̊ɪi] numeral
trzy trójka troje
A numerical value after two and before four. Represented in Arabic digits as 3; this many dots (•••).
trójka
Describing a set or group with three elements.

three days ago adv
przedprzedwczoraj
(This entry is a translation hub.)

three hundred /ˈθɹiː ˈhʌn.dɹəd/ /ˈθɹiː ˈhʌn.dɹɪd/ numeral
trzysta
The cardinal number occurring after two hundred ninety-nine and before three hundred one, represented in Arabic numerals as 300.

three o'clock n
trzecia
(In both the 12-hour clock and the 24-hour clock) The start of the fourth hour of the day; 3:00 a.m. (03:00).

three poisons pn
trzy trucizny
(Buddhism) The three root kleshas of Moha (delusion and confusion), Raga (greed and sensual attachment) and Dvesha (aversion and hate), which are considered to be innate in a being.

three thousand numeral
trzy tysiące
3,000

three-cornered adj
trójrożny

three-dimensional more three-dimensional most three-dimensional adj
trójwymiarowy
(not comparable) Existing in three dimensions.
(comparable) Having depth, or the illusion of depth, as well as height and width.

three-fourths n
trzy czwarte
Three of four equal parts (3/4, ¾, 0.75).

three-headed /ˈθɹiːˌhɛdəd/ adj
trzygłowy trójgłowy
Having three heads.

three-legged /ˈθɹiːlɛɡd/ /θɹiːˈlɛɡɪd/ adj
trójnogi
having three legs

three-ply adj
trzywarstwowy trójwarstwowy
Having three strands or layers

three-quarters /θɹiˈk(w)ɔɹtɚz/ /θɹiːˈkwɔːtəz/ n
trzy czwarte
Three of four equal parts (3/4, ¾, 0.75).

three-tiered adj
trzypoziomowy
Having three tiers

threefold adj
potrójny troisty trojaki
trzykrotny
Three times as great.

threefold adv
trzykrotnie
By a factor of three.

threesome /ˈθɹiːsəm/ threesomes n
trio troje trójka
A group of three people or things.
trójkąt
An instance of sexual activity involving three people.

threne /θɹiːn/ threnes n
tren
a dirge or lamentation

threnody /ˈθɹɛn.ə.di/ threnodies n
tren
A song or poem of lamentation or mourning for a dead person; a dirge; an elegy.

threonine threonines n
treonina
(amino acid) An essential amino acid C4H9NO3 found in most animal proteins.

thresh /θɹɛʃ/ v
młócić
(transitive, agriculture) To separate the grain from the straw or husks (chaff) by mechanical beating, with a flail or machinery, or by driving animals over them.

thresher /ˈθɹɛʃə(ɹ)/ threshers n
młocarnia młockarnia
(agriculture) A modern farm machine for threshing grain, now a part of combine harvesters rather than a separate implement.

thresher shark thresher sharks n
kosogon
Any of the species of sharks in the genus Alopias, three of which are extant.

threshing floor threshing floors n
gumno klepisko
The floor of a threshing house or similar area where grain is threshed.

threshing sledge threshing sledges n
młockarnia
A rectangular wooden plank designed to separate grain from chaff.

threshold /ˈθɹɛʃ(h)oʊld/ /ˈθɹɛʃ(h)əʊld/ [ˈθɹɛʃ(h)ɒʊɫd] thresholds n
próg
The lowermost part of a doorway that one crosses to enter; a sill.
(engineering) The quantitative point at which an action is triggered, especially a lower limit.
The wage or salary at which income tax becomes due.
próg przedsionek
(by extension) An entrance; the door or gate of a house.

thrice /θɹaɪs/ [θɾ̪̊äɪs] [θɾ̪̊ɑɪs] adv
trzykrotnie trzy razy trzykroć
(dated) Three times.

thrift /θɹɪft/ thrifts n
oszczędność
(uncountable) The characteristic of using a minimum of something (especially money).
zawciąg
(countable) Any of various plants of the genus Armeria, particularly Armeria maritima.

thrift shop thrift shops n
lumpeks
(US) A shop which sells mainly used goods (especially clothes) at low prices.

thrifty /ˈθɹɪfti/ thriftier thriftiest adj
oszczędny
(dated) Thriving, prosperous, successful; (of an animal or plant) growing rapidly or vigorously.

thrill /θɹɪl/ [t̪ɾ̪̊ɪl] [θɹ̥ɪɫ] [θɾ̪̊ɪl] [θɾ̪̊ɪɫ] thrills n
dreszcz dreszczyk
A trembling or quivering, especially one caused by emotion.

thrill /θɹɪl/ [t̪ɾ̪̊ɪl] [θɹ̥ɪɫ] [θɾ̪̊ɪl] [θɾ̪̊ɪɫ] v
poruszać wzruszać zachwycać
(ergative) To suddenly excite someone, or to give someone great pleasure; to (figuratively) electrify; to experience such a sensation.

thriller /ˈθɹɪlə/ /ˈθɹɪlɚ/ thrillers n
dreszczowiec thriller film sensacyjny
(film, literature) A suspenseful, sensational genre of story, book, play or film.

thrips thrips thripses n
przylżeniec wciornastek
Any of the many small insects of the order Thysanoptera, especially those that attack useful plants.

throat /ˈθɹoʊt/ /ˈθɹəʊt/ throats n
gardło
The gullet or windpipe.
The part of a chimney between the gathering, or portion of the funnel which contracts in ascending, and the flue.

throatless shear throatless shears n
gilotyna ręczna gilotyna ręczna do blachy ręczna gilotyna do cięcia blachy

throb /θɹɒb/ v
tętnić
(intransitive) To pound or beat rapidly or violently.

thrombectomy thrombectomies n
trombektomia
(surgery) The surgical removal of a blood clot or thrombus from a blood vessel.

thrombocytopenia thrombocytopenias n
małopłytkowość
(hematology) An abnormally low number of platelets in the blood.

thrombosis /θɹɑmˈboʊsɪs/ /θɹɒmˈbəʊsɪs/ thromboses n
zakrzepica
(pathology) The formation of thrombi in the blood vessels of a living organism, causing obstruction of the circulation.

thrombus thrombi n
zakrzep
(hematology, pathology) A blood clot formed from platelets and other elements that forms in a blood vessel in a living organism, and causes thrombosis or obstruction of the vessel at its point of formation or travel to other areas of the body.

throne [tɹoʊn] [θɹoʊn] [θɹəʊn] thrones n
tron
(figuratively) Leadership, particularly the position of a monarch.
(Christianity) A member of an order of angels ranked above dominions and below cherubim.
tron sedes
(euphemism) A seat used for urination or defecation, such as a chamber pot, toilet, or the seat of an outhouse.

throng /θɹɑŋ/ /θɹɒŋ/ /θɹɔŋ/ throngs n
ciżba tłok tłum
A group of people crowded or gathered closely together.

throttle /ˈθɹɑ.tl̩/ /ˈθɹɑ.təl/ /ˈθɹɒt.l̩/ /ˈθɹɔ.təl/ v
dusić
(intransitive) To have the throat obstructed so as to be in danger of suffocation; to choke; to suffocate.

through /θɹu/ /θɹuː/ [θɾ̪̊ɵʉ] [θɾ̪̊ʊu] preposition
przez
From one side of an opening to the other.
Entering, then later leaving.
Surrounded by (while moving).
przez poprzez
By means of.

through and through adv
na wskroś na wylot
Completely; entirely; fundamentally.

through-draught through-draughts n
przewiew

throughput /ˈθɹu.pʊt/ /ˈθɹuː.pʊt/ throughputs n
przepustowość
(operations) The rate of production; the rate at which something can be processed.

throuple /ˈθɹʌpl̩/ throuples n
tryplet trójkąt
(informal) Three partners in a romantic or sexual relationship; a ménage à trois.

throw /θɹoʊ/ /θɹəʊ/ [θɾ̪̊oʊ] [θɾ̪̊əʊ] throws n
narzuta
A piece of fabric used to cover a bed, sofa or other soft furnishing.

throw /θɹoʊ/ /θɹəʊ/ [θɾ̪̊oʊ] [θɾ̪̊əʊ] v
rzucać rzucić
To twist two or more filaments of (silk, etc.) so as to form one thread; to twist together, as singles, in a direction contrary to the twist of the singles themselves; sometimes applied to the whole class of operations by which silk is prepared for the weaver.

throw away v
wyrzucać wyrzucić
(transitive) To discard (trash, garbage, or the like), to toss out, to put in the trash.

throw down the gauntlet v
rzucać rękawicę rzucić rękawicę
(idiomatic) To issue a challenge.

throw good money after bad v
wyrzucać pieniądze w błoto wyrzucić pieniądze w błoto
(idiomatic) To waste money in a fruitless attempt to recoup losses previously incurred.

throw in the towel v
rozkładać ręce rozłożyć ręce
(idiomatic) To quit; to give up.

throw money away v
wyrzucać pieniądze w błoto wyrzucić pieniądze w błoto

throw the baby out with the bathwater /θɹoʊ ðə ˈbeɪbi aʊt wɪθ ðə ˈbæθwɔtɚ/ /θɹəʊ ðə ˈbeɪbi aʊt wɪð ðə ˈbɑːθwɔːtə(ɹ)/ v
wylewać dziecko z kąpielą wylać dziecko z kąpielą
(idiomatic) To discard, especially inadvertently, something valuable while in the process of removing or rejecting something unwanted.

throw to the lions v
rzucić lwom na pożarcie

throwing knife throwing knives n
nóż do rzucania

thrush /θɹʌʃ/ thrushes n
pleśniawka drożdżyca
drozd
Any of numerous species of songbirds of the cosmopolitan family Turdidae, such as the song thrush, mistle thrush, bluebird, and American robin.

thrush nightingale thrush nightingales n
słowik szary bekwarek
Luscinia luscinia, a small passerine bird related to the common nightingale.

thrust /θɹʌst/ v
forsować sforsować
(intransitive) To make advance with force.

thud /ˈθʌd/ thuds n
tąpnięcie łomot łubudu łup
The sound of a dull impact.

thud /ˈθʌd/ v
stąpać walić łomotać
To make the sound of a dull impact.

thug /ʈʰəɡ/ /θʌɡ/ thugs n
bandyta bandytka rzezimieszek zbir zbój
Someone with an intimidating and unseemly appearance and mannerisms, who treats others violently and roughly, often for hire.

thuggery thuggeries n
bandyctwo bandytyzm

thuggish /ˈθʌɡɪʃ/ more thuggish most thuggish adj
bandycki chuligański

thuja /ˈθu.d͡ʒə/ thujas n
tuja żywotnik
A tree of the genus Thuja.

thulite n
thulit
A pink, translucent variety of zoisite first discovered in Norway, often spotted with white calcite.

thulium /ˈθjuːliəm/ /ˈθuːliəm/ n
tul
A metallic chemical element (symbol Tm) with atomic number 69: a fairly soft, easily workable metal with a bright silvery-gray lustre.

thumb /θʌm/ thumbs n
kciuk
The short thick digit of the hand that for humans has the most mobility and can be made to oppose (moved to touch) all of the other fingers.

thumb one's nose v
zagrać na nosie
To place a thumb upon the tip of the nose, typically with the fingers spread and while simultaneously wiggling one's fingers, in a gesture of disrespect.

thumbnail /ˈθʌm.neɪl/ thumbnails n
paznokieć kciuka
The fingernail on the thumb.
miniatura
(chiefly, computing) A small picture, used as a compact representation of a larger image.

thumbtack /ˈθʌm.tæk/ thumbtacks n
pinezka
(North America) A small nail-like tack with a slightly rounded head that can be pressed into place with light pressure from the thumb; used for hanging light articles on a wall or noticeboard.

thump /θʌmp/ v
bachnąć
(transitive, mainly, _, UK) To hit (someone or something) as if to make a thump.
dudnić tętnić
(intransitive) To throb with a muffled rhythmic sound.

thunder /ˈθʌndə/ /ˈθʌndɚ/ thunders n
grzmot grom
The loud rumbling, cracking, or crashing sound caused by expansion of rapidly heated air around a lightning bolt.
grzmot
A deep, rumbling noise resembling thunder.

thunder /ˈθʌndə/ /ˈθʌndɚ/ v
grzmieć zagrzmieć
(intransitive) To make a noise like thunder.
gromić
(intransitive, transitive) To say (something) with a loud, threatening voice.

thunderbolt /ˈθʌndə(ɹ)ˌboʊlt/ thunderbolts n
piorun
A flash of lightning accompanied by a crash of thunder.
grom z jasnego nieba
(figuratively) An event that is terrible, horrific or unexpected.

thunderstorm /ˈθʌn.dəˌstɔːm/ /ˈθʌn.dɚˌstɔɹm/ thunderstorms n
burza
A storm consisting of thunder and lightning produced by a cumulonimbus, usually accompanied with heavy rain, wind, and sometimes hail; and in rarer cases sleet, freezing rain, or snow.

thus /ˈðʌs/ adv
tak w ten sposób
(manner) In this way or manner.
dlatego tak
(conjunctive) As a result.

thwack /θwæk/ v
praskać prasknąć prasnąć
To hit (someone or something) hard, especially with a flat implement or a stick; to thrash, to whack.

thwart /θwɔɹt/ /θwɔːt/ thwarts n
ławka
(nautical) A seat across a boat on which a rower may sit.

thwart /θwɔɹt/ /θwɔːt/ v
udaremniać pokrzyżować
(transitive) To cause to fail; to frustrate, to prevent.
przecinać
(ambitransitive, obsolete) To move (something) across or counter to; to cross.

thy /ðaɪ/ determiner
twój
(archaic, dialectal, literary) : that which belongs to thee; which belongs to you (singular).

thylacine /ˈθailəsiːn/ thylacines n
wilk workowaty
A carnivorous marsupial (†Thylacinus cynocephalus) which was native to Tasmania, now extinct.

thylakoid thylakoids n
tylakoid
(biology) a folded membrane within plant chloroplasts from which grana are made, used in photosynthesis

thyme /taɪm/ thymes n
tymianek macierzanka
Any plant of the labiate genus Thymus, such as the garden thyme, Thymus vulgaris, a warm, pungent aromatic, that is much used to give a relish to seasoning and soups.

thymine /ˈθaɪmɪn/ thymines n
tymina
(organic compound, genetics) A heterocyclic base, 5-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione; it pairs with adenine in DNA.

thymol /ˈθaɪmɒl/ thymols n
tymol
(chemistry) a monoterpene phenol, C10H13OH, found in the oil extracted from thyme; used as in perfume, as an antiseptic and fungicide, and in embalming

thymoma thymomas thymomata n
grasiczak

thymus /ˈθaɪməs/ thymi thymuses n
grasica
(anatomy, immunology) A ductless gland, consisting mainly of lymphatic tissue, located behind the top of the breastbone. It is most active during puberty, after which it shrinks in size. It plays an important role in the development of the immune system and produces lymphocytes.

thyroid gland thyroid glands n
tarczyca
(anatomy) A large butterfly-shaped endocrine gland situated on the front of the neck that produces various hormones.

thyroidectomy thyroidectomies n
tyreoidektomia tyroidektomia
(surgery) The surgical removal of part or all of the thyroid gland.

thyroiditis thyroidites thyroiditides thyroiditises n
zapalenie tarczycy
(pathology) Inflammation of the thyroid gland.

thyrsus /ˈθɚsəs/ /ˈθɜːsəs/ thyrsi n
tyrs
A staff topped with a conical ornament, carried by Bacchus or his followers.

thysanuran thysanurans n
szczeciogonka
Any of various insects, including the silverfish and firebrats, of the order Thysanura (now Zygentoma), which have three long caudal filaments.

tiara /tiˈæɹə/ /tiˈɑɹə/ /tiˈɑːɹə/ tiaras n
tiara
The three-tiered papal crown.

tic /tɪk/ tics n
tik
(neurology) A sudden, nonrhythmic motor movement or vocalization.
(by extension) Something that is done or produced habitually or characteristically.

tic-tac-toe n
kółko i krzyżyk
(games) A game in which two players take turns placing circles and crosses on a 3x3 grid and attempt to obtain three of the same symbols in a straight line.

tick /tɪk/ ticks n
kleszcz
A tiny woodland arachnid of the suborder Ixodida.
fajka haczyk ptaszek
A mark on any scale of measurement; a unit of measurement.
(Australian, NZ, British, Irish) A mark (✓) made to indicate agreement, correctness or acknowledgement.

tick /tɪk/ v
tykać
To make a clicking noise similar to the movement of the hands in an analog clock.

tick all the boxes /ˈtɪk ɔːl ðə ˈbɒksɪz/ v
spełniać wszystkie warunki

tick off v
odhaczać odhaczyć
(sometimes, metaphorical) To sign with a tick.

tick-tock interjection
tik-tak tik-tok
The sound of a ticking analog clock.

ticket /ˈtɪkət/ /ˈtɪkɪt/ tickets n
bilet
A pass entitling the holder to admission to a show, concert, etc.
A pass entitling the holder to board a train, a bus, a plane, or other means of transportation
bilet mandat
A citation for a traffic violation.
licencja
A permit to operate a machine on a construction site.
lista wyborcza punkt programu wyborczego
(politics, informal) A list of candidates for an election, or a particular theme to a candidate's manifesto.

ticket /ˈtɪkət/ /ˈtɪkɪt/ v
biletować zabiletować
To mark with a ticket.

ticket inspector ticket inspectors n
kanar konduktor kontroler
A person who checks that passengers on a train etc have a valid ticket, and marks it so that it cannot be used again.

ticket machine ticket machines n
automat biletowy bileciarka biletomat
(travel) A machine that prints tickets automatically after the customer determines the destination and pays for it.

ticket office ticket offices n
kasa biletowa
An office or booth where tickets may be purchased to allow admittance or for travel.

ticket stamping machine ticket stamping machines n
kasownik
(travel) An automatic machine that makes the ticket valid by stamping it with the location information and the timestamp.

ticketless adj
bezbiletowy
(of a person) Who does not have a ticket.
(of a system) That does not use tickets.

tickle /ˈtɪkl̩/ tickles n
gilanie
The act of tickling.

tickle /ˈtɪkl̩/ v
łaskotać gilgać łechtać smyrać
(transitive) To touch repeatedly or stroke delicately in a manner which causes laughter, pleasure and twitching.
(transitive) To unexpectedly touch or stroke delicately in a manner which causes displeasure or withdrawal.

ticklish /ˈtɪk(ə)lɪʃ/ more ticklish most ticklish adj
łaskotliwy
Sensitive or susceptible to being tickled.

tidal range tidal ranges n
zakres pływów

tiddlywinks /ˈtɪdliˌwɪŋks/ /ˈtɪdlɪ-/ /ˈtɪdəlɪwɪŋks/ n
pchełki
(also, attributively) A competitive game in which the objective is to flick as many small discs (each called a tiddlywink or wink) as possible into a container (the pot) by pressing on their edges with a larger disc (a shooter or squidger), causing them to jump up from the surface on which they are placed.

tide /taɪd/ [tʰaːd] [tʰɑe̯d] tides n
odpływ przypływ pływ
The periodic change of the sea level, particularly when caused by the gravitational influence of the sun and the moon.

tiding /ˈtaɪdɪŋ/ tidings n
wieści
(archaic, or, literary, usually, in the plural) news; new information

tidy /ˈtaɪdi/ tidier tidiest adj
schludny
Arranged neatly and in order.

tidy /ˈtaɪdi/ v
sprzątać
To make tidy; to neaten.

tidy up v
sprzątać posprzątać
To make clean, to make satisfactorily neat.

tie /taɪ/ ties n
remis
A necktie (item of clothing consisting of a strip of cloth tied around the neck). See also bow tie, black tie.
więź
A connection between people or groups of people, especially a strong connection.
łuk
(music) A curved line connecting two notes of the same pitch denoting that they should be played as a single note with the combined length of both notes.

tie /taɪ/ v
wiązać
(transitive) To attach or fasten (one thing to another) by string or the like.

tie the knot v
stanąć na ślubnym kobiercu stawać na ślubnym kobiercu
(idiomatic, intransitive) To marry, wed, get married.

tie up v
związać przywiązać przywiązywać zawiązywać związywać
To secure with rope, string, etc.
unieruchomić
(finance) To immobilize a capital: make a capital investment that makes that capital unavailable.

tier /ˈtɪə/ /ˈtɪɚ/ tiers n
kondygnacja poziom warstwa
A row or range, especially one at a higher or lower level than another.

tiercel /ˈtɜː(ɹ)səl/ tiercels n
maisz maiz maiż
(falconry) A male hawk or falcon.

tiger /ˈtaɪɡə/ /ˈtaɪɡɚ/ [ˈtʌɪɡɚ] n
tygrys
Panthera tigris, a large predatory mammal of the cat family, indigenous to Asia.

tiger cub tiger cubs n
tygrysiątko
A young tiger.

tiger shark tiger sharks n
żarłacz tygrysi
A large shark, Galeocerdo cuvier, of wide warm-water distribution, that hunts alone and has dark stripes across its back.

tiger's eye tiger's eyes n
tygrysie oko
A chatoyant gemstone that is usually yellow- to red-brown, with a silky lustre.

tigerish more tigerish most tigerish adj
tygrysi tygrysowy
Having the characteristics of a tiger

tight /taɪt/ tighter tightest adj
ciasny
Firmly held together; compact; not loose or open.
(slang, vulgar, of either a woman's anus or her vagina) still intact due to her still being a virgin.

tight ship tight ships n
żelazna ręka
(idiomatic) A well-organized and highly disciplined organization.

tight spot tight spots n
w trudnej sytuacji
(idiomatic) A difficult position.

tight-fitting more tight-fitting most tight-fitting adj
ciasnawy obcisły
(of clothing) Snug, skintight.

tighten /ˈtaɪ.tən/ [ˈtʰaɪ̯tn̩] [ˈtʰaɪ̯ʔn̩] v
zacieśniać
(transitive) To make tighter.
zacieśniać się
(intransitive) To become tighter.

tighten one's belt v
zacisnąć pasa zaciskać pasa
(figuratively) To be more frugal; to make difficult economic savings due to a lowering of expected income.

tightly /ˈtaɪtli/ more tightly most tightly tightlier tightliest adv
ciasno
In a tight manner.

tightrope tightropes n
lina
A tightly stretched rope or cable on which acrobats perform high above the ground.

tightrope walker tightrope walkers n
linoskoczek
An acrobat who practices tightrope walking.

tightrope walking n
spacer po linie
The acrobatic feat of walking on a tightrope.

tights /taɪts/ n
rajstopy
A close-fitting, sheer or non-sheer skin-tight garment worn principally by women and girls that covers the body completely from the waist down, usually including the feet.

tigress /ˈtaɪ.ɡɹəs/ /ˈtaɪ.ɡɹɪs/ tiger tigresses n
tygrysica tygrzyca
A female tiger; a she-tiger.

tiki-taka n
tiki-taka
(football) A style of play characterised by short passing and movement, working the ball through various channels, and maintaining possession.

tilak /ˈtɪlək/ tilaks n
tilaka
A mark or symbol worn on the forehead by Hindus, ornamentally or as an indication of status.

tilapia /təˈlɑːpiə/ /tɪˈlæpiə/ /tɪˈlɑːpiə/ tilapia tilapias n
tilapia
Any of various edible fish, formerly species of the genus Tilapia, but now placed in other cichlid genera (such as Oreochromis), native to Africa and the Middle East but cultivated worldwide.

tilde /ˈtɪldi/ /ˈtɪldə/ tildes n
tylda
A diacritical mark (˜) placed above a letter to modify its pronunciation, such as by palatalization in Spanish words or nasalization in Portuguese words.
The grapheme of character ~.

tile /taɪl/ /ˈtaɪ.əl/ tiles n
kafel fliza kafelek płytka
A regularly-shaped slab of clay or other material, affixed to cover or decorate a surface, as in a roof-tile, glazed tile, stove tile, carpet tile, etc.

tile /taɪl/ /ˈtaɪ.əl/ v
kafelkować kłaść plytki
(transitive) To cover with tiles.

tiler tilers n
glazurnik kafelkarz płytkarz terakociarz
A person who sets tiles.

till /tɪl/ conjunction
aż dopóki nie
Until, until the time that.

till /tɪl/ preposition
do
Until; to, up to; as late as (a given time).

till /tɪl/ v
uprawiać
(transitive) To work or cultivate or plough (soil); to prepare for growing vegetation and crops.

till death do us part adv
dopóki śmierć nas nie rozłączy póki śmierć nas nie rozłączy
(duration, idiomatic) Until death separates us; a common phrase said between the bride and the groom at a Christian wedding, indicating commitment to their union.

tiller /ˈtɪlə/ tillers n
rumpel
(nautical) The handle of the rudder which the helmsman holds to steer the boat, a piece of wood or metal extending forward from the rudder over or through the transom. Generally attached at the top of the rudder.

tilt at windmills v
walczyć z wiatrakami
(intransitive) To attack imaginary enemies.

timber /ˈtɪmbə/ /ˈtɪmbɚ/ [ˈtɪˑmˌbəː] [ˈtɪˑmˌbɚː] timbers n
drzewo
(uncountable) Trees in a forest regarded as a source of wood.
drewno
(outside, North America, uncountable) Wood that has been pre-cut and is ready for use in construction.

timber camp timber camps n
obóz drwali

timber rafting n
flis flisactwo
A log transportation method in which logs are tied together into rafts and drifted or pulled across a water body or down a flatter river.

timbre /tɛ̃bɹ(ə)/ /ˈtæm.bə/ /ˈtæm.bɚ/ /ˈtɪm.bə/ /ˈtɪm.bɚ/ timbres n
tembr barwa
The quality of a sound independent of its pitch and volume.

time /taɪm/ /tɑɪm/ /tɜːm/ [tʰaɪ̯m] [tʰɑe̯m] times n
czas
(uncountable) The inevitable progression into the future with the passing of present and past events.
(uncountable, with possessive) A person's youth or young adulthood, as opposed to the present day.
(countable) The measurement under some system of region of day or moment.
czas raz godzina epoka czasy razy
(countable) A measurement of a quantity of time; a numerical or general indication of a length of progression.
czas godzina
(uncountable) The duration of time of a given day that has passed; the moment, as indicated by a clock or similar device.
pora czas
(countable) A particular moment or hour; the appropriate moment or hour for something (especially with prepositional phrase or imperfect subjunctive).
raz
(countable) An instance or occurrence.

time /taɪm/ /tɑɪm/ /tɜːm/ [tʰaɪ̯m] [tʰɑe̯m] v
chronometrować
To regulate as to time; to accompany, or agree with, in time of movement.

time after time adv
raz za razem raz po raz
Again and again; repeatedly; every time; always.

time and tide wait for no man proverb
liczy się czas
Opportunities will not wait; action should be undertaken without delay.

time bank time banks n
bank czasu
A system for reciprocal volunteering that uses time as the unit of currency.

time bomb time bombs n
bomba zegarowa
A bomb that has a mechanism such that detonation can be preset to a particular time.
(metaphorically) A situation that threatens to have disastrous consequences at some future time.

time capsule time capsules n
kapsuła czasu
A sealed container, buried at a specific location, that contains records of contemporary life, to be rediscovered in the distant future.

time complexity time complexities n
złożoność czasowa
(computer science) The amount of time an algorithm requires to run, as a function of the amount of input, measured in such a way as to ignore constant terms and multiplication by constant terms.

time difference time differences n
różnica czasu
The difference between one measurement of time and another; the length of a time interval.

time dilation time dilations n
dylatacja czasu
(physics) The slowing of the passage of time experienced by objects in motion relative to an observer; measurable only at relativistic speeds.

time flies phraseologicalUnit
czas leci
(idiomatic) Time passes quickly.

time frame /ˈtaɪmˌfɹeɪm/ /ˈtɑemˌfɹeɪm/ /ˈtɜːmˌfɹeɪm/ time frames n
termin
The period of time during which something is expected to occur, or does occur.

time heals all wounds proverb
czas leczy rany
Negative feelings eventually fade away.

time immemorial times immemorial n
od dawien dawna
(countable, uncountable) Time that extends beyond memory or record.

time is money proverb
czas to pieniądz
Money is wasted (in lost wages, missed opportunities, etc.) when a person's time is not used productively; time is valuable and should not be wasted.

time limit time limits n
termin
A time by which something must be finished.

time machine time machines n
wehikuł czasu
(chiefly, science fiction) A hypothetical device used to travel into the past or the future.

time of day times of day n
pora dnia
A loosely specified period of time, minutes or hours in duration, especially daytime, or point in time.

time of departure times of departure n
czas odjazdu godzina odjazdu
The time when an airplane or other public conveyance is scheduled to depart.

time off n
urlop
(idiomatic, business, human resources) A period of time where one is not required to work.

time travel n
podróżowanie w czasie
(chiefly, science fiction) Travel to the past or the future, typically by means of a time machine or a wormhole.

time will tell phraseologicalUnit
czas pokaże
(idiomatic) Events and outcomes cannot be known beforehand.

time zone time zones n
strefa czasowa
A range of longitudes where a common standard time is used.

time-consuming more time-consuming most time-consuming adj
czasochłonny
Using significant amounts of time, especially in an unwanted and sometimes unwarranted manner.

time-honored more time-honored most time-honored adj
uświęcony tradycją
(American spelling) Honored because of great age, or long usage.

time-lapse /ˈtaɪmˌlæps/ adj
poklatkowa
(photography) Of or relating to a technique in which exposures are taken at fewer intervals than usual so that, on playback, a naturally slow process may be viewed at an accelerated pace.

time-out /ˈtaɪm.aʊt/ time-outs n
przerwa
(sports) A short break in the action of a sport, for substitution, consultation, etc.

timeless more timeless most timeless adj
ponadczasowy bezczasowy
Not decreasing over time in quality and appeal.

timelessly more timelessly most timelessly adv
bezczasowo
In a timeless manner.

timelessness /ˈtaɪmləsnəs/ /ˈtaɪmlɪsnɪs/ /ˈtʰaɪ̯mlɪ̈snɪ̈s/ timelessnesses n
bezczasowość ponadczasowość pozaczasowość
The property of being timeless.

timeline /ˈtaɪmˌlaɪn/ timelines n
oś czasu
A graphical representation of a chronological sequence of events (past or future); a chronology.

timepiece /ˈtaɪmpiːs/ timepieces n
czasomierz

timer /ˈtaɪmɚ/ timers n
minutnik
A device used to measure amounts of time.

times /taɪmz/ /tɑemz/ /tɜːmz/ preposition
razy
(mathematics) multiplied by

timeserver /ˈtʌɪmˌsəːvə/ timeservers n
oportunista oportunistka
A person who conforms to current opinions, especially for reasons of personal advantage; an opportunist. [from 16th c.]
serwer czasu
(computing) A device, node or program that transmits the correct time to clients in a network.

timesheet timesheets n
grafik
A document that allows for the recording of hours worked on various tasks that is used as input for payroll, project accounting or client billing processes.

timetable /ˈtaɪmˌteɪbəl/ timetables n
rozkład harmonogram
A tabular schedule of events with the times at which they occur, especially times of arrivals and departures.

timid /ˈtɪmɪd/ timider timidest adj
nieśmiały bojaźliwy płochliwy
Lacking in courage or confidence.

timing belt timing belts n
pasek rozrządu
A part of an internal combustion engine that controls the timing of the engine's valves.

timothy /ˈtɪməθi/ timothies n
tymotka
Other species of genus Phleum.

timpani /ˈtɪmpəni/ timpanis n
kotły
(musical instruments) The set of precision kettledrums in an orchestra.

tin /tɪn/ [tʰɪn] adj
cynowy
Made of tin.

tin /tɪn/ [tʰɪn] tins n
cyna
(uncountable) A malleable, ductile, metallic element, resistant to corrosion, with atomic number 50 and symbol Sn.
konserwa puszka
(NZ, AU, South African, Irish, British, countable) An airtight container, made of tin or another metal, used to preserve food, or hold a liquid or some other product.
blacha
(countable) A metal pan used for baking, roasting, etc.

tin /tɪn/ [tʰɪn] v
bielić cynować
(transitive) To cover with tin.

tin ear tin ears n
słoń nadepnął komuś na ucho
(idiomatic) Insensitivity to and inability to appreciate the elements of performed music or the rhythm, elegance, or nuances of language.

tin pest n
dżuma cynowa
An autocatalytic transformation of tin into a different allotrope that causes tin objects to become brittle and flaky. The phase transition conversion of β-tin (white tin) into α-tin (gray tin/grey tin).

tin soldier tin soldiers n
żołnierzyk
A toy soldier made out of tin.

tin-pot /ˈtɪn.pɑːt/ /ˈtɪn.pɒt/ adj
lichy nędzny
(informal) Inferior; shoddy.

tinamou /ˈtɪ.nəˌmuː/ tinamous n
kusacz
Any of the birds belonging to the South American family Tinamidae, the only family in the order Tinamiformes. They are related to the ratites, together with which they form the superorder Paleognathae.

tincture /ˈtɪŋ(k)tʃə/ /ˈtɪŋ(k)t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈtɪŋktjʊə/ tinctures n
tynktura
(heraldry) A hue or pattern used in the depiction of a coat of arms; namely, a colour, fur, or metal.
tynktura nalewka
(pharmacy) A medicine consisting of one or more substances dissolved in ethanol or some other solvent.

tinder /ˈtɪn.də/ /ˈtɪn.dɚ/ tinders n
hubka
Small dry sticks and finely-divided fibrous matter etc., used to help light a fire.

tinfoil tinfoils n
cynfolia staniol
(informal) aluminium foil

tinfoil hat tinfoil hats n
czapka foliowa
A piece of headgear made from one or more sheets of tin foil, aluminium foil, or other similar material, especially when worn in the belief that it shields the brain from electromagnetic fields, or against mind control and/or mind reading.

tinfoil hatter tinfoil hatters n
foliara foliarz
(slang, pejorative) One who believes in and/or propagates conspiracy theories; a conspiracy theorist.

tingle /ˈtɪŋɡəl/ tingles n
dzwonienie mrowienie swędzenie
A prickling or mildly stinging sensation; frisson.

tingle /ˈtɪŋɡəl/ v
mrowić
(transitive) To cause to feel a prickling or mildly stinging sensation.

tinker /ˈtɪŋkə(ɹ)/ /ˈtɪŋkɚ/ v
majstrować
(ambitransitive) To fiddle with something in an attempt to fix, mend or improve it, especially in an experimental or unskilled manner.

tinnitus /tɪˈnaɪ.təs/ /ˈtɪn.ə.təs/ /ˈtɪn.ɪ.təs/ tinnituses n
szumy uszne
(pathology) The perception of noise, such as a ringing or beating sound, which has no external source.

tinsel /ˈtɪns(ə)l/ /ˈtɪnsəl/ tinsels n
girlanda łańcuch choinkowy
A thin, shiny foil for ornamental purposes which is of a material made of metal or resembling metal; especially, narrow glittering strips of such a material, often strung on to thread, and traditionally at Christmastime draped on Christmas trees, hung from balustrades or ceilings, or wrapped around objects as a decoration.

tinsmith tinsmiths n
blacharz
A person who makes or repairs things with tin or similar alloys.

tinsmithing n
blacharka blacharstwo

tinwork tinworks n
blacharka

tiny /ˈtaɪni/ tinier tiniest adj
drobny malutki tyci
Very small.

tip /tɪp/ tips n
czubek
The extreme end of something, especially when pointed; e.g. the sharp end of a pencil. [from 15th c.]
napiwek
A gratuity; a small amount of money left for a bartender, waiter, taxi driver or other servant as a token of appreciation. [from mid-18th c.]
wskazówka
A piece of private or secret information, especially imparted by someone with expert knowledge about sporting odds, business performance etc. [from mid-19th c.]

tip /tɪp/ v
dawać napiwek dać napiwek
To give a small gratuity to, especially to an employee of someone who provides a service. [from early 18th c.]

tip of the iceberg /ˈtɪp əv ði ˈaɪsbɝɡ/ /ˈtɪp əv ðiː ˈaɪsbɜːɡ/ tips of icebergs tips of the icebergs n
wierzchołek góry lodowej
(idiomatic) A small indication of a larger possibility; the first part encountered of a problem that is much bigger than it seems.

tip one's hand v
wyjawiać wyjawić
(figurative) To inadvertently reveal any secret, particularly a secret that puts one at an advantage or disadvantage.

tip the scales v
być języczkiem u wagi przechylać szalę przechylić szalę
(idiomatic) To turn to one side of a balanced situation.

tipcat tipcats n
klipa
(uncountable) An old game in which a small piece of wood pointed at both ends is tipped, or struck with a stick or bat, to make it travel through the air as far as possible.
(countable) The wooden piece used in this game.

tipsy /ˈtɪp.si/ tipsier tipsiest adj
podchmielony
(informal, slang) Slightly drunk, fuddled, staggering, foolish as a result of drinking alcoholic beverages.

tiptoe /ˈtɪpˌtoʊ/ /ˈtɪpˌtəʊ/ [ˈtʰɪpˌtʰoʊ̯] [ˈtʰɪpˌtʰəʊ̯] v
iść na palcach pójść na palcach
(intransitive) To walk quietly with only the tips of the toes touching the ground. [from late 14th C.]

tiramisu /ˌtɪɹəmiˈsu/ /ˌtɪɹəmɪˈsuː/ /ˌtɪɹəˈmisu/ tiramisus n
tiramisu
An Italian semifreddo dessert, originally from Veneto, made from ladyfinger biscuits, cocoa, mascarpone cheese, Marsala wine, eggs (or sometimes cream), sugar and espresso coffee.

tire /ˈtaɪ̯ə(ɹ)/ /ˈtaɪ̯ɚ/ /ˈtɑːɚ/ /ˈtʌɪ̯ɚ/ [ˈtʰaɪ̯ɚ] v
zmęczyć męczyć
(intransitive) To become sleepy or weary.

tire out v
wymęczyć
To make someone tired; to exhaust.

tired [ˈtajəd] [ˈtaɪ̯əd] [ˈtaɪ̯ɚd] [ˈtæ̞ːəd] [ˈtɑjəd] more tired most tired tireder tiredest adj
zmęczony
In need of some rest or sleep.

tiredness tirednesses n
zmęczenie
The state of being tired.

tireless adj
niestrudzony niezmordowany
Indefatigable, untiring and not yielding to fatigue

tirelessly more tirelessly most tirelessly adv
bez ustanku niestrudzenie nieustannie niezmordowanie
In a tireless manner; without tiring, flagging, or ceasing.

tiresome /ˈtaɪəsəm/ /ˈtaɪɹsəm/ more tiresome most tiresome adj
nudny
Causing fatigue or boredom; wearisome.

tiring /ˈtaɪəɹɪŋ/ more tiring most tiring adj
męczący
That tires or tire.

tissue /ˈtɪs.juː/ /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/ /ˈtɪʃ.u/ tissues n
tkanka
Thin, woven, gauze-like fabric.
(biology) A group of cells (along with their extracellular matrix if any) that are similar in origin and function together to do a specific job.
chusteczka chusteczka higieniczna
A sheet of absorbent paper, especially one that is made to be used as tissue paper, toilet paper or a handkerchief.

tissue paper tissue papers n
bibuła
Thin, translucent paper used for wrapping or for protecting delicate articles.

tit /tɪt/ tits n
cycek cyc
(slang, vulgar, chiefly, in the plural) A person's breast or nipple.
cycek cyc pierś
(UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, slang, derogatory) A police officer; a "tithead".
kucyk
(archaic) A small horse; a nag.
dupa dupka sikorka
(archaic) A young girl, later especially a minx, hussy.

tit for tat /ˈtɪt fə(ɹ) ˈtæt/ /ˈtɪt fɚ ˈtæt/ /ˈtɪt fɝ ˈtæt/ tit for tats n
wet za wet
(idiomatic) Equivalent retribution; an act of returning exactly what one gets; an eye for an eye.

tit fuck tit fucks n
Hiszpan
(sexuality, vulgar) The stimulation of the penis by someone's breasts, usually until the point of ejaculation.

titan arum titan arums n
dziwidło olbrzymie
Amorphophallus titanum, an aroid native to Sumatra

titan beetle titan beetles n
tytan
A species of longhorn beetle (Titanus giganteus).

titanium /taɪˈteɪni.əm/ /tɪˈteɪni.əm/ titaniums n
tytan
A chemical element, atomic number 22; it is a strong, corrosion-resistant transition metal, used to make light alloys for aircraft etc.

tithe /taɪð/ tithes n
dziesięcina
(historical) The tenth part of the increase arising from the profits of land and stock, allotted to the clergy for their support, as in England, or devoted to religious or charitable uses.

tithi /ˈtiːti/ /ˈtiːθi/ /ˈt̪ɪt̪ʰi/ /ˈt̪ɪt̪ʰɪ/ tithis n
tithi
The lunar date based on the Hindu calendar. There are 30 tithis in each lunar month. Tithis begin at varying times of a solar day and vary in duration from approximately 19 to 26 hours.

titian /ˈtɪʃən/ more titian most titian adj
tycjanowski rudopomarańczowy złotorudy
Of a bright auburn colour, tinted with gold, especially in reference to hair.

titian /ˈtɪʃən/ titians n
tycjanowski złotorudy
A bright auburn colour, tinted with gold.

titin /ˈtaɪtɪn/ n
tityna
(protein) A protein important in the contraction of striated muscle tissues.

title /ˈtaɪ.təl/ titles n
tytuł
An appellation given to a person or family to signify either veneration, official position, social rank, the possession of assets or properties, or a professional or academic qualification. See also Category:Titles
(property law) Legal right to ownership of a property; a deed or other certificate proving this.
tytuł nagłówek nazwa
A section or division of a subject, as of a law or a book.

title /ˈtaɪ.təl/ v
tytułować
(transitive) To assign a title to; to entitle.

title bar title bars n
pasek tytułu
(GUI) The bar at the top of a window or a dialogue box displaying the name of the application or open document.

titleless more titleless most titleless adj
beztytułowy
Having no title; nameless.

titmouse /ˈtɪtmaʊs/ titmice titmouses n
sikora
Any small passerine bird of the family Paridae, which are found in the woods of the Northern Hemisphere and of Africa.

titrate /ˈtaɪtɹeɪt/ /ˈtɪtɹeɪt/ v
miareczkować
(analytical chemistry) To ascertain the amount of a constituent in a solution (or other mixture) by measuring the volume of a known concentration (the "standard solution") needed to complete a reaction.

titration /taɪˈtɹeɪʃən/ /tɪˈtɹeɪʃən/ titrations n
alkacymetria miareczkowanie
(analytical chemistry) The determination of the concentration of some substance in a solution by slowly adding measured amounts of some other substance (normally using a burette) until a reaction is shown to be complete, for instance by the colour change of an indicator.

titter /ˈtɪtə(ɹ)/ /ˈtɪtɚ/ [ˈtɪɾɚ] titters n
chichot
A nervous or somewhat repressed giggle.

titter /ˈtɪtə(ɹ)/ /ˈtɪtɚ/ [ˈtɪɾɚ] v
chichotać
To laugh or giggle in a somewhat subdued or restrained way, as from nervousness or poorly-suppressed amusement.

titular /ˈtɪtjʊlə/ /ˈtɪt͡ʃəlɚ/ adj
tytularny
Existing in name only; nominal.

titushky n
tituszka
(neologism) Hired thugs used for violence and intimidation against protestors by the Ukrainian government during the Euromaidan revolution; (by extension) pro-government vigilantes attacking picketers, protesters in the ex-USSR

tjurunga tjurungas n
czuringa

tkemali n
tkemali
A tart Georgian sauce made from sour plums.

tl;dr /tiː ˌɛl diː ˈɑː(ɹ)/ phraseologicalUnit
zd;nc
(chiefly, Internet slang) Initialism of too long; didn't read. Used to indicate that one did not read a (long) text.

tmesis /t(ə)ˈmiːsɪs/ /ˈmiːsɪs/ tmeses n
tmeza
(prosody) The insertion of one or more words between the components of a compound word.

to /tu/ /tuː/ /tə/ /tʉː/ /tʊ/ [tʰu̟] [tʰu̟ː] [tʰʉː] [ɾə] [ɾʊ] adv
zamknięte

to /tu/ /tuː/ /tə/ /tʉː/ /tʊ/ [tʰu̟] [tʰu̟ː] [tʰʉː] [ɾə] [ɾʊ] particle
-ać -c -eć -ić -ąć -ć
A particle used for marking the following verb as an infinitive.
aby by żeby
(expressing purpose) In order to.

to /tu/ /tuː/ /tə/ /tʉː/ /tʊ/ [tʰu̟] [tʰu̟ː] [tʰʉː] [ɾə] [ɾʊ] preposition
do
Indicating destination: In the direction of, so as to arrive at.
do do potęgi
(arithmetic) Used to indicate that the preceding term is to be raised to the power of the following value; indicates exponentiation.
za
(time) Preceding the next hour.

to a T
co do joty
(idiomatic) Precisely; exactly; perfectly; with great attention to detail.

to a large extent
w dużej mierze

to a lesser extent
w mniejszym stopniu

to and fro adv
tam i z powrotem w tę i nazad
Back and forth; with a reciprocating motion.

to arms
do broni
Used to order an attack, a summons to war or battle.

to be continued phraseologicalUnit
cdn. ciąg dalszy nastąpi
(writing, television) Used at the end of an episode of a serial publication or program to indicate that the story continues in the next episode.

to be honest phraseologicalUnit
będąc szczerym prawdę mówiąc szczerze mówiąc
(idiomatic) Frankly, honestly.

to boot adv
na dobitkę
(idiomatic, informal) in addition, besides, also.

to date
do dziś dotychczas
(idiomatic) Until now; until the present time.

to death
na umór na zabój na życie i śmierć
(degree, hyperbole) To a great degree; to the greatest degree possible, to excess.

to do with preposition
do czynienia z
(idiomatic) Related to or relevant to.

to each his own proverb
każdemu swoje kto co lubi
Every person is entitled to his or her personal preferences and tastes.

to err is human proverb
błądzić jest rzeczą ludzką mylić się jest rzeczą ludzką
Everyone makes mistakes.

to go adj
na wynos
(idiomatic) Served in a package or takeout container so as to be taken away from a restaurant rather than eaten on the premises.

to heel interjection
do nogi
An order to an animal, by its master, not to stray far from him.

to no avail
bez skutku

to one's heart's content adv
ile dusza zapragnie
(idiomatic) Until satisfied; as much as is wished.

to one's knowledge
o ile mi wiadomo
To the extent of one's limited knowledge of the facts.

to say nothing of /tə seɪ ˈnʌθɪŋ əv/ /tʊ seɪ ˈnʌθɪŋ əv/ conjunction
nie mówiąc już o
(idiomatic) An apophasis used to mention another important, usually related, point: not taking into account, not to mention, without considering.

to say the least adv
co najmniej
(idiom) Used to suggest an understatement.

to some extent
w pewnym stopniu
Partly; in part.

to speak of phraseologicalUnit
za bardzo

to taste
do smaku
(cooking) Depending on personal taste.

to tell the truth adv
prawdę mówiąc
(idiomatic) An attestation to the truthfulness and frankness of an associated statement.

to that end
w tym celu
(formal, conjunctive, idiomatic) For that reason, with that goal, intending to produce that result.

to the core
do cna do szpiku kości na wskroś na wylot
Completely, down to one's very essence.

to the day
dokładnie
Of temporal measurements or comparisons: exactly; measured on the level of days, rather than more loosely by weeks, months etc.

to the death
na śmierć i życie
(set phrase, of a contest) That will continue until one of the contestants dies.
(idiomatic) To the utmost degree.

to the fore
na pierwszy plan
In, into, or towards a prominent position.

to the full
na całego na całość na maksa
Fully; completely.

to the letter adv
co do joty dosłownie
(idiomatic) Literally, exactly, following the rules as written.

to the max
na maksa
(informal, slang, postpositive, idiomatic) To the maximum possible degree or extent.

to the power of preposition
do potęgi
(mathematics) Indicating an exponent.

to the victor go the spoils proverb
łupy należą do zwycięzcy
The winner of a conflict gains additional benefits, beyond the subject of the conflict.

to think that conjunction
i pomyśleć, że

to what do I owe the pleasure phraseologicalUnit
czemu zawdzięczam ten zaszczyt
(formal, or, jocular) A question asked to know the reason for being visited by the interlocutor.

to what end adv
po co
For what purpose, what for, why.

to whom it may concern phraseologicalUnit
do wszystkich zainteresowanych zaświadczenie
Used as a formal salutation in a letter when the writer does not know who will read the letter.

to wit adv
mianowicie a konkretnie a mianowicie czyli
(formal) that is to say; namely; specifically.

to your health phraseologicalUnit
na zdrowie

to-do list to-do lists n
lista spraw lista zadań
A list of errands and other tasks – often written on a piece of paper as a memory aid – that one needs or intends to accomplish.

toad /toʊd/ /təʊd/ toads n
ropucha ropuch
An amphibian, a kind of frog (order Anura) with shorter hindlegs and a drier, wartier skin, many in family Bufonidae.

toadflax toadflaxes n
lnica
Any of several European plants, of the genus Linaria, having two-lipped yellow flowers.

toadstool /ˈtoʊdˌstu(ə)l/ /ˈtəʊdˌstuːl/ toadstools n
muchomor
Any inedible or poisonous mushroom, especially an amanita.

toady /ˈtoʊ.di/ /ˈtəʊ.di/ toadies n
lizus
A sycophant who flatters others to gain personal advantage, or an obsequious, servile lackey or minion.

toast /toʊst/ /təʉst/ /təʊst/ toasts n
tost grzanka
(countable, uncountable) Toasted bread.
toast
(countable) A proposed salutation (e.g. to say "cheers") while drinking alcohol.

toast /toʊst/ /təʉst/ /təʊst/ v
opiec opiekać
To lightly cook by browning via direct exposure to a fire or other heat source.
To grill, lightly cook by browning specifically under a grill or in a toaster
wznieść toast wznosić toast
To engage in a salutation and/or accompanying raising of glasses while drinking alcohol in honor of someone or something.

toast rack toast racks n
stojak na tosty
A rack designed to hold toasted bread, with a partition for each slice.
stojak na rowery
A type of bicycle stand consisting of several inverted "U"-shaped metal bars connected at ground level by two parallel rails.

toaster /ˈtoʊstɚ/ /ˈtəʊstə/ toasters n
toster
An electrical device for toasting bread, English muffins, crumpets, etc.

tobacco /təˈbæk.oʊ/ /təˈbæk.əʊ/ tobaccoes tobaccos n
tytoń
(uncountable) Any plant of the genus Nicotiana.
tytoń tabaka
(uncountable) Leaves of Nicotiana tabacum and some other species cultivated and harvested to make cigarettes, cigars, snuff, for smoking in pipes or for chewing.
(countable) A variety of tobacco.

tobacco pipe tobacco pipes n
fajka lulka
A small, hand-held device in its simplest form consisting of a bowl and stem; used for inhaling the smoke of burning tobacco.

tobacconist tobacconists n
właściciel sklepu tytoniowego
A person who sells tobacco, cigarettes, cigars, snuff and sundry items.

tobacconist's tobacconists' n
trafika
A shop that sells tobacco products.

toboggan /təˈbɑːɡ.ən/ /təˈbɒɡ.ən/ toboggans n
sanki tobogan
A long sled without runners, with the front end curled upwards, which may be pulled across snow by a cord or used to coast down hills.

toccata /təˈkɑːtə/ toccatas toccate n
toccata
(music) A piece of music (usually for a keyboard instrument) designed to emphasise the dexterity of the performer.

toco toucan toco toucans n
tukan toko
Ramphastos toco, a kind of toucan.

today /təˈdeɪ/ /tʊˈdeɪ/ [tʰəˈdeɪ] [tʰʉɾeɪː] [tʰʊˈdeɪ] adv
dzisiaj dziś
On the current day or date.
dzisiaj dziś w dzisiejszych czasach
In the current era; nowadays; these days.

today /təˈdeɪ/ /tʊˈdeɪ/ [tʰəˈdeɪ] [tʰʉɾeɪː] [tʰʊˈdeɪ] todays n
dzisiaj dziś
A current day or date.

today's adj
dzisiejszy
(literally) Relating to, or produced today.
Relating to, or produced in, the current historical period.

toddler /ˈtɑdlɚ/ /ˈtɒdlə/ toddlers n
maluch maluszek
A young child who has started walking but not fully mastered it, typically between one and three years old.

toe /toʊ/ /təʊ/ toes n
palec
An equivalent part in an animal.
palec palec u nogi czubek nosek palce palec u stopy
(automotive) An alignment of the wheels of a road vehicle, either positive (toe in), meaning the wheels are closer together at the front than at the back, or negative (toe out), the other way round.

toe bean toe beans n
opuszka

toenail /ˈtəʊˌneɪl/ toenails n
paznokieć u nogi
The thin, horny, transparent plate covering the upper surface of the end of a toe.

toffee /ˈtɒfi/ /ˈtɔfi/ toffees n
toffi
(uncountable) A type of confectionery made by boiling sugar (or treacle, etc) with butter or milk, then cooling the mixture so that it becomes hard.

tofu /ˈtoʊfu/ /ˈtəʊfuː/ tofus n
tofu
A protein-rich food made from curdled soy milk.

tofu scramble tofu scrambles n
tofucznica
A tofu dish resembling scrambled egg but suitable for vegans.

tofu skin tofu skins n
yuba
A food product made from soybeans in the form of a thin, yellow sheet used in Chinese and Japanese cooking.

toga /ˈtoʊ.ɡə/ /ˈtəʊ.ɡə/ togae togas togæ n
toga
A loose outer garment worn by the citizens of Ancient Rome.
A loose wrap gown.

together /təˈɡɛð.ə(ɹ)/ /təˈɡɛðɚ/ /tʊˈɡɛð.ə(ɹ)/ /tʊˈɡɛðɚ/ adv
razem wespół wspólnie
At the same time, in the same place; in close association or proximity.
razem
Into one place; into a single thing; combined.

together with /tʊˈɡɛð.ə(ɹ) wɪð/ /tʊˈɡɛðɚ wɪθ/ preposition
razem z
With or in proximity to another person or thing.

toggle /ˈtɑ.ɡəl/ /ˈtɒɡ.əl/ v
przełączać
To alternate between two positions using a single switch or lever.
To switch between alternate states.

toggle switch toggle switches n
przełącznik
A switch actuated by moving a small lever; usually an on/off switch with two positions.

toil /tɔɪl/ /ˈtɔɪəl/ toils n
trud
Labour, work, especially of a grueling nature.

toilet /ˈtɔɪ.lət/ /ˈtɔɪ.lɪt/ toilets n
ubikacja ustęp toaleta kibel klop sracz
(UK, AU, HK) A room or enclosed area containing a fixture used for urination and defecation (i.e. a toilet (sense 2)): a bathroom or water closet. [from 19th c.]
ubikacja klozet sedes
A fixture used for urination and defecation, particularly one with a large bowl and ring-shaped seat which uses water to flush the waste material into a septic tank or sewer system. [from 19th c.]
(NZ) A small secondary lavatory having a fixture used for urination and defecation (i.e. a toilet (sense 2)) and sink but no bathtub or shower.
toaleta
(now, historical, or, archaic) Personal grooming; the process of washing, dressing and arranging the hair. [from 17th c.]

toilet bowl toilet bowls n
klozet muszla muszla klozetowa sedes
Receptacle designed to receive the dejections of humans.

toilet paper toilet papers n
papier toaletowy srajtaśma
Paper, usually on a roll, to clean oneself after defecation, or to pat oneself dry after urination.

toilet roll toilet rolls n
rolka papieru toaletowego
(UK) A roll of toilet paper.

toilet seat toilet seats n
deska sedesowa klozet sedes
The hinged, contoured seat with a hole in the middle, often with a hinged cover, of a toilet

toiletry /ˈtɔɪlɪtɹi/ toiletries n
artykuły kosmetyczne
Any item used for personal hygiene or grooming.

tokamak /ˈtoʊkəmæk/ /ˈtəʊkəmæk/ tokamaks n
tokamak
(nuclear physics) A torus-shaped chamber used in nuclear fusion research in which a plasma is magnetically confined. [from 20th c.]

tokay /toʊˈkeɪ/ /təʊˈkeɪ/ tokays n
tokaj
Any of a variety of white wines made from this grape.

token /ˈtoʊkən/ /ˈtəʊkən/ more token most token adj
symboliczny
Perfunctory or merely symbolic; done or existing for appearance's sake, or to minimally comply with a requirement.

token /ˈtoʊkən/ /ˈtəʊkən/ tokens n
symbol dowód oznaka
Something serving as an expression of something else.
żeton
A piece of stamped metal or plastic, etc., used as a substitute for money; a voucher that can be exchanged for goods or services.

tolerable /ˈtɑləɹəbl̩/ /ˈtɒləɹəbl̩/ more tolerable most tolerable adj
znośny
Capable of being borne, tolerated or endured; bearable or endurable.

tolerance /ˈtɑ.lə.ɹəns/ /ˈtɒl.ə.ɹəns/ /ˈtɔl.ə.ɹəns/ tolerances n
tolerancja
(uncountable) The ability or practice of tolerating; an acceptance of or patience with the beliefs, opinions or practices of others; a lack of bigotry. [from 18th c.]

tolerant /ˈtɑːləɹənt/ /ˈtɒləɹənt/ more tolerant most tolerant adj
tolerancyjny
Tending to permit, allow, understand, or accept something.

tolerate /ˈtɑ.lə.ɹeɪt/ /ˈtɒl.ə.ɹeɪt/ v
tolerować
(transitive) To allow or permit without explicit approval, usually if it is perceived as negative.

toll /toɫ/ /toʊl/ /tɑl/ /tɒl/ /tɔl/ /təʊl/ [tʰɔwɫ] tolls n
myto opłata drogowa
A fee paid for some liberty or privilege, particularly for the privilege of passing over a bridge or on a highway, or for that of vending goods in a fair, market, etc.

toll booth toll booths n
bramka punkt poboru opłat
A booth on a toll road or toll bridge where the toll is collected.

tollable adj
podatny na opłatę
Subject to the payment of a toll.

tollbar tollbars n
szlaban

toluene /ˈtɑl.ju.in/ /ˈtɒl.juː.iːn/ toluenes n
toluen
(organic compound) A colourless, inflammable liquid hydrocarbon, methylbenzene, CH3.C6H5, used as a solvent, in high-octane fuels and in the production of many chemical compounds.

toluidine toluidines n
aminotoluen toluidyna

tom /tɑm/ /tɒm/ toms n
kocur kot
The intact male of the domesticated cat.

tomahawk /ˈtɑ.mə.hɑk/ /ˈtɑ.mə.hɔk/ /ˈtɒm.ə.hɔːk/ tomahawks n
tomahawk
(geometry) A geometric construction consisting of a semicircle and two line segments that serves as a tool for trisecting an angle; so called from its resemblance to the American Indian axe.

tomato /təˈmeɪ.toʊ/ /təˈmɑː.təʊ/ /ʈoˈmæʈo/ [-ma-] [tʰəˈme(ː)to(ː)] [tʰəˈmeɪɾo] [tʰɵ-] tomatoes n
pomidor
A widely cultivated plant, Solanum lycopersicum, having edible fruit.

tomato paste tomato pastes n
koncentrat pomidorowy
A concentrate of tomato purée; used in making pizzas etc.

tomayto, tomahto /təˈmeɪtoʊ təˈmɑːtəʊ/ phraseologicalUnit
ziemniaki, kartofle, pyry
(idiomatic) Used to dismiss a correction to one's adherence to an alternative standard
jak zwał, tak zwał
(idiomatic) Used to dismissively suggest that something is a distinction without a difference

tomb /tum/ /tuːm/ tombs n
grobowiec
A small building (or "vault") for the remains of the dead, with walls, a roof, and (if it is to be used for more than one corpse) a door. It may be partly or wholly in the ground (except for its entrance) in a cemetery, or it may be inside a church proper or in its crypt. Single tombs may be permanently sealed; those for families (or other groups) have doors for access whenever needed.

tomboy /ˈtɑm.bɔɪ/ /ˈtɒm.bɔɪ/ tomboys n
chłopczyca baba-chłop babochłop chłopobaba herod-baba kobieton
A girl who behaves in a typically boyish manner.

tombstone /tuːmstoʊn/ /tuːmstəʊn/ tombstones n
nagrobek
A headstone marking a person's grave.

tome /toʊm/ /təʊm/ tomes n
tom wolumin
One in a series of volumes.
księga
A large or scholarly book.

tomfoolery /ˈtɑmˌful.ɚ.i/ /ˌtɒmˈfuːlə.ɹi/ [ˈtʰɑmˌɸuɫ.ɚ.i] [ˈtʰɑɱˌfuɫ.ɚ.i] tomfooleries n
bufonada figiel psikus wygłup
Foolish behaviour or speech.

tomography tomographies n
tomografia
Imaging by sections or sectioning.

tomorrow /təˈmɑɹoʊ/ /təˈmɑɹə/ /təˈmɒɹoʊ/ /təˈmɒɹə/ /təˈmɒɹəʊ/ /təˈmɔɹoʊ/ /təˈmʌɹəʊ/ /tʊ-/ /tʊˈmɑɹoʊ/ adv
jutro
(computing, Internet) Midnight (00:00) UTC, start of day, on the day after the present day.

tomorrow /təˈmɑɹoʊ/ /təˈmɑɹə/ /təˈmɒɹoʊ/ /təˈmɒɹə/ /təˈmɒɹəʊ/ /təˈmɔɹoʊ/ /təˈmʌɹəʊ/ /tʊ-/ /tʊˈmɑɹoʊ/ tomorrows n
jutro
(uncountable) The day after the present day.

tomorrow is another day /təˈmɑɹoʊ ɪz əˈnʌðɚ deɪ/ /təˈmɒɹoʊ ɪz əˈnʌðə(ɹ) deɪ/ proverb
jutro też jest dzień
Tomorrow will bring new opportunities and a fresh start for one's endeavors.

tomorrow's adj
jutrzejszy

ton /tʌn/ tons n
tona
Any of various units of mass, (historical) originally notionally equal to the contents of a tun, particularly

tonality tonalities n
tonalność
(music) The system of seven tones built on a tonic key; the 24 major and minor scales.

tone /toʊn/ /təʊn/ tones n
ton odcień brzmienie barwa zabarwienie
(dated) A whining style of speaking; a kind of mournful or artificial strain of voice; an affected speaking with a measured rhythm and a regular rise and fall of the voice.

toner /ˈtoʊnɚ/ toners n
toner
Powder used in laser printers and photocopiers to form the text and images on the printed paper.

tongs /tɑŋz/ /tɒŋz/ /tɔŋz/ n
szczypce
An instrument or tool used for picking things up without touching them with the hands or fingers, consisting of two slats or grips hinged at the end or in the middle, and sometimes including a spring to open the grips.

tongue /tɒŋɡ/ /tʊŋ/ /tʊŋɡ/ /tʌŋ/ tongues n
język ozór
(countable, uncountable) This organ, as taken from animals used for food (especially cows).
język
In a shoe, the flap of material that goes between the laces and the foot (so called because it resembles a tongue in the mouth).

tongue depressor tongue depressors n
kopystka językowa szpatułka
A long narrow smooth piece of wood designed to depress the tongue, to allow for examination of the rear of the oral cavity.
(less commonly) Any device used to depress the tongue.

tongue-in-cheek more tongue-in-cheek most tongue-in-cheek adj
z przymrużeniem oka
(idiomatic) Not intended seriously; jocular or humorous.

tongue-twister tongue-twisters n
łamaniec językowy łamaniec
A phrase that is deliberately designed to be difficult to say correctly, usually because of varying combinations of similar phonemes.

tonight /təˈnaɪt/ adv
dziś w nocy dziś wieczorem tego wieczoru tej nocy
During the night following the current day; during the evening of today.

tonsil /ˈtɑn.səl/ /ˈtɒn.səl/ /ˈtɒn.sɪl/ tonsils n
migdałek migdał
(anatomy, immunology) Ellipsis of palatine tonsil.

tonsillectomy tonsillectomies n
tonsillektomia
(surgery) The surgical removal of the tonsils, especially the palatine tonsils. Frequently accompanied by an adenoidectomy.

tonsillitis /tɒnsəˈlaɪtɪs/ tonsillites tonsillitides n
angina
(pathology) Inflammation of the tonsils.

tonsure /ˈtɒn.ʃə(ɹ)/ tonsures n
tonsura
The hairstyle and characteristic bald patch resulting from being tonsured.

too /tu/ /tuː/ [tʰu̟] [tʰu̟ː] adv
też
(focus) Likewise.
zbyt za
(degree) To an excessive degree; over; more than enough.

too bad phraseologicalUnit
jaka szkoda
(idiomatic) That's a pity.
szkoda że
(idiomatic) It is sad that.

too good to be true phraseologicalUnit
bajka z tysiąca i jednej nocy
(idiomatic) Appearing to be exceptionally good, and therefore arousing suspicion of illegitimacy.

too little, too late n
za mało i za późno

too many cooks spoil the broth proverb
gdzie kucharek sześć, tam nie ma co jeść
If too many people participate in a task, especially in a leading role, the task will not be done very well.

too much /tu ˈmʌtʃ/ adv
za dużo
To a greater extent than is wanted or required; excessively.

too much of a good thing phraseologicalUnit
co za dużo, to niezdrowo za dużo dobrego

tool /tul/ /tuːl/ /tʉːl/ tools n
narzędzie przybór
Any mechanical device meant to ease or do a task.
narzędzie
Any piece of equipment used in a profession, e.g. a craftman's tools.
(computing) A piece of software used to develop software or hardware, or to perform low-level operations.
kutas
(vulgar, informal) A penis, notably with a sexual or erotic connotation.

tool /tul/ /tuːl/ /tʉːl/ v
obrabiać
(transitive) To work on or shape with tools, e.g., hand-tooled leather.
wyposażać
(transitive) To equip with tools.
harować
(intransitive) To work very hard.

toolbar toolbars n
pasek narzędzi
(graphical user interface) A row of buttons, usually marked with icons, used to activate the functions of an application or operating system.

toolbox /ˈtuːlˌbɑks/ /ˈtuːlˌbɒks/ /ˈtʉːlˌbɔks/ toolboxes n
skrzynka na narzędzia
A storage case for tools.

toolkit toolkits n
niezbędnik
A set of tools kept together, especially comprising all the tools suitable for some particular type of work.

toolmaker toolmakers n
narzędziowiec
A skilled machinist who makes and repairs tools.

toolset toolsets n
zestaw [narzędzi
A collection of tools; a toolkit.

toot one's own horn v
pochlebiać sobie pochlebić sobie
(idiomatic) To promote oneself; to boast or brag; to tout oneself.

tooth /tuːθ/ /tuθ/ /tʊθ/ teeth n
ząb
A sharp projection on the blade of a saw or similar implement.
A projection on the edge of a gear that meshes with similar projections on adjacent gears, or on the circumference of a cog that engages with a chain.
ząb zęby
(zoology) A projection or point in other parts of the body resembling the tooth of a vertebrate animal.
(figurative) Liking, fondness (compare toothsome).

tooth fairy /-ˌfɛɹi/ /ˈtuːθ ˌfɛə̯ɹi/ /ˈtuθ ˌfɛə̯ɹi/ tooth fairies n
zębowa wróżka
A figure of modern myth said to give children a small amount of money (or sometimes a present) in exchange for a milk tooth when it falls out of a child's mouth.

tooth socket tooth sockets n
zębodół
(anatomy) A socket in the jaw in which the roots of teeth are held in the alveolar process with the periodontal ligament.

tooth-billed pigeon tooth-billed pigeons n
zębacz
A large pigeon, Didunculus strigirostris, found on Samoa.

toothache /ˈtuθˌeɪk/ toothaches n
ból zęba
(medicine) A pain or ache in a tooth.

toothbrush /ˈtuːθbɹʌʃ/ toothbrushes n
szczoteczka do zębów
A brush, used with toothpaste, for cleaning the teeth.

toothed jelly fungus toothed jelly fungi toothed jelly funguses n
galaretek kolczasty
(mycology) A mushroom, Pseudohydnum gelatinosum, the only member of the genus Pseudohydnum in the order Auriculariales.

toothed whale toothed whales n
zębowiec
(marine biology) A whale of the Odontoceti suborder of the cetaceans, including sperm whales, beaked whales, dolphins, and others.

toothless /ˈtuθləs/ /ˈtuθlɪs/ more toothless most toothless adj
bezzębny bezzęby
Having no teeth.

toothlessness n
bezzębie bezzębność
The state or condition of being toothless; lack of teeth.

toothpaste /ˈtuːθpeɪst/ /ˈtuθpeɪst/ toothpastes n
pasta do zębów
A paste, normally used with a toothbrush, for cleaning the teeth.

toothpick /tuːθ.pɪk/ toothpicks n
wykałaczka
A small, usually wooden, stick, often pointed at both ends, for removing food residue from between the teeth.

toothpickweed toothpickweeds n
aminek egipski
Ammi visnaga (syn. Visnaga daucoides)

toothwort toothworts n
łuskiewnik
Any of several species of flowering plants of the genus Lathraea.

toothy /ˈtuː.θi/ toothier toothiest adj
zębaty
Having prominent teeth.

top /tɑp/ /tɒp/ [tʰɑˀp] [tʰɒˀp] tops n
top
A garment worn to cover the torso.
wierzch wierzchołek góra
The highest or uppermost part of something.
aktyw
(LGBT, _, slang) A man, trans woman, or other person with a penis, who penetrates or has a preference for penetrating during intercourse with other people with penises.

top hat top hats n
cylinder
A man's formal hat, with a tall cylindrical crown (often of silk).

top notch more top notch most top notch adj
bajerancki
(idiomatic) Very good; of the highest level or quality. [from 1848]

top note top notes n
nuta głowy
The most volatile parts of a perfume which are immediately perceived upon its application.

top secret adj
ściśle tajny
(military, government) Information classified at one of the highest levels of sensitivity by a government, based on an assessment that it would cause exceptionally grave damage to national security if disclosed.

top surgery top surgeries n
jedynka operacja góry topka
(LGBT, surgery) Sex reassignment surgery performed on the chest.
(bilateral) Mastectomy.
Breast augmentation.

top ten top tens n
czołowa dziesiątka dziesięć najpopularniejszych pierwsza dziesiątka top dziesięć

top-down adj
odgórny
Of or relating to a hierarchical system that progresses from a single, large basic unit to multiple, smaller subunits.

top-up adj
dodatkowy ekstra
That serves as an addition

top-up top-ups n
doładowanie
Additional credit purchased for a mobile phone.

toparch /ˈtɒpɑːk/ toparchs n
toparcha
The prince or ruler of a small district, city, or petty state; a petty "king".

topaz /ˈtoʊˌpæz/ /ˈtəʊˌpæz/ adj
topazowy
Of a yellowish-brown color, like that of the gemstone.

topaz /ˈtoʊˌpæz/ /ˈtəʊˌpæz/ topazes n
topaz
An often clear, yellowish-brown gemstone cut from this.
A yellowish-brown color, like that of the gemstone.

topic /ˈtɑpɪk/ /ˈtɒpɪk/ topics n
temat
Subject; theme; a category or general area of interest.

topical /ˈtɑ.pɪ.kəl/ /ˈtɒp.ɪ.kəl/ more topical most topical adj
aktualny
Relating to a topic or subject of current interest.

topicality topicalities n
aktualność
The condition of being topical.

topicless adj
beztematyczny

topless adj
toples topless
(chiefly, of a woman) Not wearing a garment covering the top half of the body; naked from the waist up.

topless adv
toples topless
Not wearing any clothes on the upper body.

topmast /ˈtɑpmæst/ /ˈtɑpməst/ /ˈtɒpmɑːst/ /ˈtɒpməst/ topmasts n
stenga
The mast below the topgallant mast in a square-rigged ship.

topmost /tɑp.ˈmoʊst/ /tɒp.ˈməʊst/ more topmost most topmost adj
najwyższy
At or nearest to the top; uppermost; being the very highest.

topographic adj
topograficzny
Of or relating to topography.

topography /təˈpɑɡɹəfi/ /təˈpɒɡɹəfi/ topographies n
topografia
The features themselves; terrain.

topological adj
topologiczny
(mathematics) Of or relating to topology.

topological group topological groups n
grupa topologiczna
(topology) A group which is also a topological space and whose group operations are continuous functions.

topology /təˈpɑləd͡ʒi/ /təˈpɒləd͡ʒi/ topologies n
topologia
(mathematics, uncountable) The branch of mathematics dealing with those properties of a geometrical object (of arbitrary dimensionality) that are unchanged by continuous deformations (such as stretching, bending, etc., without tearing or gluing).

toponym /ˈtɒpənɪm/ toponyms n
toponim

toponymic adj
toponimiczny

topple /ˈtɑpl̩/ /ˈtɒpl̩/ v
przewracać przewrócić
(transitive) To push or throw over.

tops /tɑps/ /tɒps/ adv
góra
(informal) At the very most; as a maximum.

toque /toʊk/ /təʊk/ toques n
toczek tok
A type of hat with no brim.

torch /tɔɹt͡ʃ/ /tɔːtʃ/ torches n
pochodnia łuczywo żagiew
A stick with a flame on one end, used chiefly as a light source; a similarly shaped implement with a replaceable supply of flammable material.

toreador toreadores toreadors n
toreador torreador
(bullfighting) A bullfighter, especially one on horseback.

toric /tɔːɹɪk/ more toric most toric adj
armilarny

torii /ˈtoɹi/ /ˈtɔːɹi/ torii n
torii
(Shinto) A traditional Japanese gate at Shinto shrines, symbolically marking the transition from the profane to the sacred.

torment /tɔː(ɹ)ˈmɛnt/ /ˈtɔː(ɹ)mənt/ /ˈtɔː(ɹ)mɛnt/ torments n
męka udręka cierpienie
Any extreme pain, anguish or misery, either physical or mental.

torment /tɔː(ɹ)ˈmɛnt/ /ˈtɔː(ɹ)mənt/ /ˈtɔː(ɹ)mɛnt/ v
męczyć nękać trapić
(transitive) To cause severe suffering to (stronger than to vex but weaker than to torture.)

tormentor tormentors n
dręczyciel dręczycielka
One who torments; a person, animal, or object that causes suffering.

torn /to(ː)ɹn/ /toən/ /tɔɹn/ /tɔːn/ more torn most torn adj
rozdarty
Unable to decide between multiple options.

tornado /tɔɹˈneɪ.doʊ/ /tɔɹˈneɪˌdoʊ/ /tɔː(ɹ)ˈneɪ.dəʊ/ tornadoes tornados n
tornado trąba powietrzna
(meteorology) A violent wind in the form of a mobile, rapidly rotating, funnel cloud that has contacted the ground.

toroid toroids n
toroid
(mathematics) A surface generated by a closed curve (especially a circle) rotating about, but not intersecting or containing, an axis in its own plane.

torpedo /ˌtoɹˈpi.doʊ/ /ˌtɔː(ɹ)ˈpiː.dəʊ/ torpedoes torpedos n
torpeda
(fish) An electric ray of the genus Torpedo.
(military) A cylindrical explosive projectile that can travel underwater and is used as a weapon. [from 1805]

torpedo /ˌtoɹˈpi.doʊ/ /ˌtɔː(ɹ)ˈpiː.dəʊ/ v
torpedować
To strike (a ship) with one or more torpedoes.
To sink (a ship) with one or more torpedoes.

torpedo boat torpedo boats n
torpedowiec
A small, high-speed warship designed to fire torpedoes, especially in coastal waters.

torque /tɔɹk/ /tɔːk/ torques n
moment obrotowy
(physics, mechanics) A rotational or twisting effect of a force; a moment of force, defined for measurement purposes as an equivalent straight line force multiplied by the distance from the axis of rotation (SI unit newton metre or Nm; imperial unit pound-foot or lb·ft, not to be confused with the foot pound-force, commonly "foot-pound", a unit of work or energy)

torque wrench torque wrenches n
klucz dynamometryczny
A workshop tool used to precisely apply a specific torque to a fastener such as a nut or bolt; basically a wrench equipped with a torque indicator.

torr torr torrs n
tor
(metrology) A unit of pressure that is equal to approximately 0.001316 atmospheres or 133.3 pascals.

torrent /ˈtɑɹ.ənt/ /ˈtɒɹ.ənt/ /ˈtɔɹ.ənt/ torrents n
potok
A violent flow, as of water, lava, etc.; a stream suddenly raised and running rapidly, as down a precipice.

torso /ˈtɔɹ.soʊ/ /ˈtɔː.səʊ/ torsi torsos n
tułów kadłub korpus
The main part of the (human) body that extends from the neck to the groin, excluding the head and limbs.

tort /tɔɹt/ /tɔːt/ torts n
delikt cywilny
(law) A wrongful act, whether intentional or negligent, regarded as non-criminal and unrelated to a contract, which causes an injury and can be remedied in civil court, usually through the awarding of damages. [from late 16th c.]

torte /tɔɹt/ /tɔːt/ torten tortes n
tort
A rich, dense cake, typically made with many eggs and relatively little flour (as opposed to a sponge cake or gâteau).

tortellini /ˌtɔɹtəˈlini/ n
tortellini
(cooking, food) small, ring-shaped pasta, stuffed with meat, cheese etc; eaten with a sauce or in a soup

torticollis /tɔɹ.təˈkɑ.ləs/ n
kręcz
A medical condition in which the neck muscles contract, causing the neck to twist or jerk.

tortilla /tɔɹˈti.ə/ /tɔɹˈtijə/ /tɔːˈti.ə/ /tɔːˈtijə/ [tɔɹˈtʰijə] tortillas n
tortilla
(Mexican cuisine) A flat round bread made out of cornmeal or flour.

tortoise /ˈtɔɹ.təs/ /ˈtɔː.təs/ /ˈtɔːˌtɔɪs/ tortoises n
żółw żółw lądowy
Any of various land-dwelling reptiles, of the family Testudinidae (chiefly, North America) or the order Testudines (chiefly, UK, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, South Africa, India) , whose body is enclosed in a shell (carapace plus plastron). The animal can withdraw its head and four legs partially into the shell, providing some protection from predators.

tortoiseshell /ˈtɔː(ɹ)tə.ˌʃɛl/ /ˈtɔː(ɹ)təs.ˌʃɛl/ adj
szylkretowy
Made of the covering of carapace of hawksbill turtle.

tortoiseshell /ˈtɔː(ɹ)tə.ˌʃɛl/ /ˈtɔː(ɹ)təs.ˌʃɛl/ tortoiseshells n
szylkret
The horny, translucent, mottled covering of the carapace of the hawksbill turtle, used as a veneer etc.

tortuous /ˈtɔɹt͡ʃuəs/ /ˈtɔːt͡ʃuːəs/ more tortuous most tortuous adj
pokrętny wykrętny zawiły
(often, figurative) Twisted; having many turns; convoluted.

torture /ˈtɔɹt͡ʃɚ/ /ˈtɔːt͡ʃə(ɹ)/ tortures n
tortura tortury
The intentional causing of somebody's experiencing of agony, usually as an interrogation technique or punishment.

torture /ˈtɔɹt͡ʃɚ/ /ˈtɔːt͡ʃə(ɹ)/ v
torturować męczyć katować
(transitive) To intentionally inflict severe pain or suffering on (someone), usually with the aim of forcing confessions or punishing them.

torture chamber torture chambers n
katownia
A room equipped for carrying out torture.

torturer torturers n
oprawca kat
Someone who tortures.

torus /ˈtoː.ɹəs/ /ˈtɔɹ.əs/ /ˈtɔː.ɹəs/ tori toruses n
torus
(topology) A topological space which is a product of two circles.
(topology, in combination, n-torus, 4-torus, etc.) The product of the specified number of circles.
torus armila
(geometry) The standard representation of such a space in 3-dimensional Euclidean space: a surface or solid formed by rotating a closed curve, especially a circle, about a line which lies in the same plane but does not intersect it (e.g. like a ring doughnut).

toss /tɑs/ /tɒs/ /tɔs/ tosses n
rzucenie rzut
A throw, a lob, of a ball etc., with an initial upward direction, particularly with a lack of care.
rzut
(cricket, football) The coin toss before a cricket match in order to decide who bats first, or before a football match in order to decide the direction of play.

toss /tɑs/ /tɒs/ /tɔs/ v
rzucać rzucić
To throw with an initial upward direction.

toss a coin v
rzucać monetą rzucić monetą
To flick a coin into the air, making it spin, in order to use the resultant upturned side (“heads or tails”) for making a decision.

toss-up toss-ups n
na dwoje babka wróżyła
Either of two outcomes that are equally likely.

tot /tɑt/ /tɒt/ tots n
berbeć brzdąc
A small child.

total /ˈtoʊ.təl/ /ˈtəʊ.təl/ [tʰoʊ̯ɾɫ] [tʰɔɾɫ] more total most total adj
całkowity
Entire; relating to the whole of something.
bezwzględny całkowity totalny zupełny
(used as an intensifier) Complete; absolute.

total /ˈtoʊ.təl/ /ˈtəʊ.təl/ [tʰoʊ̯ɾɫ] [tʰɔɾɫ] totals n
suma
An amount obtained by the addition of smaller amounts.
(informal, mathematics) Sum.

total /ˈtoʊ.təl/ /ˈtəʊ.təl/ [tʰoʊ̯ɾɫ] [tʰɔɾɫ] v
równać się wynieść wynosić
To equal a total of; to amount to.
kasować podsumować podsumowywać równać się skasować wynieść
(intransitive) To amount to; to add up to.

total depravity n
całkowita niezdolność całkowite zepsucie
(Christianity) The Calvinist doctrine that all human action is tainted by original sin.

total eclipse total eclipses n
całkowite zaćmienie
(astronomy) An eclipse in which the eclipsed body is completely obscured to the viewer.

total internal reflection total internal reflections n
całkowite wewnętrzne odbicie

total war total wars n
wojna totalna
Warfare where all of a country's available resources, military as well as civilian, are employed.

totalitarian /ˌtoʊtəlɪˈtɛɹiən/ /ˌtəʊtalɪˈtɛəɹiən/ more totalitarian most totalitarian adj
totalitarny totalny
Of or relating to a system of government where the people have virtually no authority and the state wields absolute control of every aspect of the country, socially, financially, and politically.

totalitarianism totalitarianisms n
totalitaryzm totalizm
A system of government in which the people have virtually no authority and the state wields absolute control, for example, a dictatorship.

totally /ˈtoʊt.əl.i/ adv
całkowicie zupełnie bezwzględnie totalnie
(degree, colloquial) Very; extremely.
(modal, colloquial) Definitely; for sure.

tote /toʊt/ /təʊt/ totes n
torba na ramię
A tote bag.
brzemię
A heavy burden.

tote /toʊt/ /təʊt/ v
dźwigać tachać taszczyć
(Southern US) To carry or bear.

tote bag tote bags n
torba na ramię
A large handbag or holdall.

totem /ˈtoʊtəm/ /ˈtəʊtəm/ totems n
totem
Any natural object or living creature that serves as an emblem of a tribe, clan or family; the representation of such an object or creature.

totemism /ˈtoʊtəmɪzəm/ totemisms n
totemizm
(religion) The belief that a person or group has a special mystical relationship to a totem

toucan /ˈtuːkən/ /ˈtuːˌkæn/ toucans n
tukan
Any of various neotropical frugivorous birds from the family Ramphastidae, with a large colorful beak.

touch /tɑt͡ʃ/ /tɛt͡ʃ/ /tʌt͡ʃ/ touches n
dotyk
The faculty or sense of perception by physical contact.
podejście styl
The style or technique with which one plays a musical instrument.
dotyk dotknięcie
(music) The particular or characteristic mode of action, or the resistance of the keys of an instrument to the fingers.
szczegół
A distinguishing feature or characteristic.
odrobina
A little bit; a small amount.
aut
The part of a sports field beyond the touchlines or goal-lines.
(Australian rules football) A disposal of the ball during a game, i.e. a kick or a handball.
kontakt
A relationship of close communication or understanding.

touch /tɑt͡ʃ/ /tɛt͡ʃ/ /tʌt͡ʃ/ v
dotykać dotknąć
(transitive) To make physical contact with; to bring the hand, finger or other part of the body into contact with. [from 14th c.]
dotykać poruszać dotknąć atandrysować poruszyć rozczulać
(obsolete) To infect; to affect slightly.

touch base v
skontaktować
(by extension, colloquial, North America, usually, with "with") To meet or make contact with someone, usually to consult, review, visit, or communicate.

touch screen /ˈtʌtʃ ˌskɹiːn/ touch screens n
ekran dotykowy
(computer hardware) An input/output device that allows the user to interact with the computer by touching the display screen.

touch-me-not touch-me-nots n
niecierpek
The jewelweed, Impatiens noli-tangere, Impatiens capensis, Impatiens parviflora.

touch-type v
napisać bezwzrokowo pisać bezwzrokowo

touch-typing n
pisanie bezwzrokowe

touched /tʌt͡ʃt/ more touched most touched adj
poruszony wzruszony
Emotionally moved (by), made to feel emotion (by).

touching /ˈtʌt͡ʃɪŋ/ more touching most touching adj
wzruszający
Provoking sadness and pity; that can cause sadness or heartbreak among witnesses to a sad event or situation.

touchless adj
bezdotykowy

touchlessly adv
bezdotykowo

touchpad touchpads n
touchpad
(computing) A flat surface which is sensitive to touch, used mostly in laptop computers to control an on-screen cursor.

touchstone /ˈtʌt͡ʃstəʊn/ touchstones n
kamień probierczy
A stone used to verify the quality of gold alloys by rubbing them in order to leave a visible trace.
probierz
(figurative, by extension) A standard of comparison or evaluation.

touché /tuːˈʃeɪ/ /ˈtuː.ʃeɪ/ interjection
trafienie
(fencing) An acknowledgement of a hit.

tough /tʌf/ tougher toughest adj
twardy
(of food) Difficult to cut or chew.
odporny wytrzymały
(of a person or animal) Rugged or physically hardy.

tough cookie tough cookies n
twarda sztuka
(informal) A person who can endure physical or mental hardship; a hardened, strong-willed person.

tough guy tough guys n
twardziel

tough love n
trudna miłość twarda miłość

toupee /tuːˈpeɪ/ toupees n
tupecik tupet peruczka
(obsolete) A small wig, or a toppiece of a wig, worn by both sexes.

tour guide tour guides n
przewodniczka przewodnik
A person who provides assistance and information to people on organised tours.

touring bicycle touring bicycles n
rower trekingowy
(bicycle) A bicycle designed or modified for touring with luggage.

tourism /ˈtɔː(ɹ).ɪz.əm/ /ˈtʊə̯(ɹ).ɪz.əm/ tourisms n
turystyka
The act of travelling or sightseeing, particularly away from one's home.
(figurative) The act of visiting another region or jurisdiction for a particular purpose.

tourist /ˈtɔɹ.ɪst/ /ˈtɔːɹɪst/ /ˈtɝ.ɪst/ /ˈtʊəɹɪst/ /ˈtʊɹ.ɪst/ tourists n
turysta turystka
Someone who travels for pleasure rather than for business. [from 1770s]

tourist attraction tourist attractions n
atrakcja turystyczna
A place of interest where tourists visit, typically for its cultural value, beauty, or historical significance, offering leisure and amusement.

tourist office tourist offices n
biuro informacji turystycznej informacja turystyczna
An office which provides information, brochures, maps, etc. for tourists to an area or locality.

tourist trap tourist traps n
sklep z kiczem dla turystów
(derogatory) An establishment, such as a shop or display, where tourists are encouraged to spend money on goods or services not necessarily of good value.

touristic /tɔː-/ /tɝ-/ /tʊəˈɹɪstɪk/ /tʊɹˈɪstɪk/ more touristic most touristic adj
turystyczny
Catering to tourists; touristy.

touristically more touristically most touristically adv
turystycznie

touristy /ˈtɔːɹɪsti/ /ˈtʊəɹɪsti/ more touristy most touristy adj
turystyczny
Catering to tourists; touristic.

tournament /ˈtɔɹnəmənt/ /ˈtɔːnəmənt/ /ˈtɝnəmənt/ /ˈtʊənəmənt/ /ˈtʊɹnəmənt/ tournaments n
turniej
(historical) During the Middle Ages, a series of battles and other contests designed to prepare knights for war.
A series of games; either the same game played many times, or a succession of games related by a single theme; played competitively to determine a single winning team or individual.

tourniquet /ˈtɔː.nɪ.keɪ/ /ˈtɝ.nɪ.keɪ/ /ˈtɝ.nɪ.kɪt/ /ˈtʊə.nɪ.keɪ/ /ˈtʊɚ.nɪ.kɪt/ tourniquets n
opaska uciskowa staza
(medicine) A tightly-compressed bandage used to stop bleeding by stopping the flow of blood through a large artery in a limb.

tout /taʊt/ /tʌʊt/ touts n
naganiacz
Someone advertising for customers in an aggressive way.

tovarish /tɒˈvɑːɹɪʃ/ tovarishes n
towarzysz towarzyszka
Comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR.

tow /taʊ/ /toʊ/ /təʊ/ tows n
pakuły
An untwisted bundle of fibres such as cellulose acetate, flax, hemp or jute.

tow /toʊ/ /təʊ/ tows n
holowanie
The act of towing and the condition of being towed.
hol
A rope or cable used in towing.

tow /toʊ/ /təʊ/ v
holować
(transitive) To pull something behind one using a line or chain; to haul.

tow truck /ˈtoʊ.tɹʌk/ tow trucks n
laweta
A motor vehicle typically equipped with winches, chains, and related equipment, and used to tow disabled vehicles.

toward /to(ː)ɹd/ /toəd/ /tɔɹd/ /tɘˈwoːd/ /təˈwɔɹd/ /təˈwɔːd/ /ˈtwo(ː)ɹd/ /ˈtwoəd/ /ˈtwɔɹd/ preposition
ku do w kierunku w stronę
In the direction of.
o odnośnie
In relation to (someone or something).
na
For the purpose of attaining (an aim).
koło
Located close to; near (a time or place).

towel /ˈtaʊ(ə)l/ [tʰæɒ̯ɫ] [tʰæɫ] [tʰɛjɔ̯ɫ] towels n
ręcznik
A cloth used for wiping, especially one used for drying anything wet, such as a person after a bath.

tower /ˈtaʊ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈtaʊɚ/ towers n
wieża baszta stołp
Any very tall building or structure; skyscraper.
(cartomancy) The nineteenth Lenormand card, representing structure, bureaucracy, stability and loneliness.
wieża
(figuratively) An item of various kinds, such as a computer case, that is higher than it is wide.
wieża wieża boga
The sixteenth trump or Major Arcana card in many Tarot decks, usually deemed an ill omen.

tower block tower blocks n
blok drapacz chmur wieżowiec
A tall residential or office building.

tower crane tower cranes n
żuraw wieżowy
A crane, consisting of a balanced beam erected on top of a tall metal (normally self-erecting) tower, used in the construction of tall buildings

tower of Babel towers of Babel n
wieża Babel
(figuratively) A situation where the use of many different languages is a source of confusion.

tower of silence /ˌtaʊɚ‿əv ˈsaɪl(ə)ns/ /ˌtaʊɚ‿əv ˈsaɪləns/ towers of silence n
dakhma wieża milczenia
(Zoroastrianism) A low, cylindrical, open-topped tower where Zoroastrians place the bodies of deceased people to disintegrate from exposure and consumption by carrion birds such as vultures, the remaining bones being kept in an ossuary.

tower of strength towers of strength n
opoka ostoja

town /taʊn/ [tʰaʊ̯n] towns n
miasto miasteczko
(UK, historical) A rural settlement in which a market was held at least once a week.

town council town councils n
rada miejska
The governing body of people elected to oversee management of a town and represent the interests of residents.

town councillor town councillors n
radna radny

town crier town criers n
herold miejski
(British, historical) A person who is employed by a town council to make public announcements in the streets

town gas n
gaz miejski
Any of several flammable gases sold and distributed by a municipal gasworks for lighting and heating in a town, including coal gas or water gas.

town hall town halls n
ratusz
A building that houses the local government offices of a town.

town square town squares n
plac
An open area commonly found in the heart of a traditional town, used for community gatherings.

town twinning town twinnings n
miasta partnerskie
The pairing of towns or cities from geographically distinct areas, in order to foster human contact and cultural links.

townlet townlets n
miasteczko
A small town

townsman townsmen n
mieszczanin miastowy
A man who is a resident of a town, especially of one's own town.

townsperson townspeople townspersons n
mieszczanin mieszczanka
An inhabitant of a town.

townswoman townswomen n
miastowa mieszczanka
A woman who is a resident of a town, especially of one's own town.

towpath towpaths n
ścieżka holownicza
A path alongside a canal or river, originally for horses towing barges, now more often used as a footpath.

toxic /ˈtɑk.sɪk/ /ˈtɒk.sɪk/ more toxic most toxic adj
toksyczny
(toxicology, pharmaceutical drug) Having a chemical nature that is harmful to health or lethal if consumed or otherwise entering into the body in sufficient quantities.
(figurative) Severely negative or harmful.
(figurative, of a person) Hateful or strongly antipathetic.

toxic shock syndrome toxic shock syndromes n
zespół wstrząsu toksycznego
(pathology) An acute infection by Staphylococcus bacteria, characterised by sudden high fever, muscle aches, joint pain, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, and fainting, abbreviated TSS.

toxicological adj
toksykologiczny
of or pertaining to toxicology

toxicologist toxicologists n
toksykolog
A scientist or physician who specializes in toxicology.

toxicology /ˌtɒksɪˈkɒləd͡ʒi/ toxicologies n
toksykologia
(sciences, pharmacology) The branch of pharmacology that deals with the nature, effect, detection and treatment of poisons and poisoning.

toxicomania /ˌtɑksɪkoʊˈmeɪniə/ /ˌtɒksɪkəʊˈmeɪnɪə/ toxicomanias n
toksykomania
an insane desire for poisonous or intoxicating substances

toxicosis /ˌtɒksɪˈkəʊsɪs/ toxicoses n
intoksykacja zatrucie
(toxicology) illness due to poisoning

toxin /ˈtɑksɪn/ /ˈtɒksɪn/ toxins n
toksyna
(strictly) A toxic substance, specifically a poison produced by the biological processes of organisms.
(loosely, usually, _, proscribed) Synonym of toxicant: a toxic substance in a body requiring removal.

toxoplasmosis /ˌtɒksəʊplæzˈməʊsɪs/ toxoplasmoses n
toksoplazmoza
A disease, caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, that primarily affects felids, but also other mammals including humans.

toy /tɔɪ/ toys n
zabawka bawidło
Something to play with, especially as intended for use by a child. [from 16th c.]

toy soldier toy soldiers n
żołnierzyk
A figurine created to resemble a miniature of a person outfitted for military combat.

toyshop toyshops n
sklep z zabawkami
A shop that sells toys.

trace /tɹeɪs/ [tʃɹeɪs] traces n
ślad
A mark left as a sign of passage of a person or animal.

trace /tɹeɪs/ [tʃɹeɪs] v
namierzać namierzyć
(transitive) To follow the trail of.
(computer, transitive) To follow the execution of the program by making it to stop after every instruction, or by making it print a message after every step.

trachea /tɹəˈkiː.ə/ /ˈtɹeɪ.ki.ə/ tracheae tracheas tracheæ n
tchawica
(anatomy) A thin-walled, cartilaginous tube connecting the larynx to the bronchi.

trachoma trachomas trachomata n
jaglica trachoma
(medicine) An infectious disease of the eyelid caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis.

track /tɹæk/ tracks n
ślad tor
A mark left by something that has passed along.

track and field n
lekkoatletyka
(chiefly, US) A group of athletic sports, consisting mainly of various kinds of running, jumping and throwing, that take place on a track and the enclosed field.

track down v
wytropić
(idiomatic) To hunt for or locate; to search for; to find.

track record track records n
historia
(idiomatic) The past performance of a person, organization, or product, viewed in its entirety and usually for the purpose of making a judgment.

trackbed /ˈtɹækbɛd/ trackbeds n
podtorze
The layer of gravel or other foundation on which a railway track is laid.

tracker /ˈtɹækə(ɹ)/ trackers n
tropiciel
(finance) A tracker mortgage.

tracksuit tracksuits n
dres dresy
A garment, usually consisting of a top and trousers (commonly known as tracksuit bottoms) worn as an outer layer by participants in sporting events such as athletics. The tracksuit is usually designed to be easily removed or replaced, before or after competing. Tracksuits have also been adopted in some cultures as leisurewear.

tract /tɹækt/ tracts n
rozprawka
A brief treatise or discourse on a subject.

traction /ˈtɹæk.ʃən/ tractions n
przyczepność
The adhesive friction of a wheel etc on a surface.
wyciąg
(medicine) A mechanically applied sustained pull, especially to a limb.

traction engine traction engines n
lokomobila
A wheeled steam engine used to move heavy loads, plough ground or provide power at a chosen location.

tractor /ˈtɹæktə/ /ˈtɹæktɚ/ tractors n
traktor ciągnik
(agriculture) A vehicle used in farms e.g. for pulling farm equipment and preparing the fields.
ciągnik
Any piece of machinery that pulls something.

tractor driver tractor drivers n
traktorzysta traktorzystka
One who drives a tractor. (This entry is a translation hub.)

tractor unit tractor units n
ciągnik
a large road vehicle, usually consisting of a two or three-axled chassis, and fitted with a cab, engine and drivetrain, used for hauling semitrailers.

tractrix tractrices n
traktrysa
(geometry) A curve that satisfies the following property: that segment of the tangent line that lies between the point of tangency and a fixed line has length independent of the point of tangency chosen.

trade /tɹeɪd/ trades n
handel
(uncountable) Buying and selling of goods and services on a market.
transakcja
(countable) A particular instance of buying or selling.
fach zawód profesja
(countable) The skilled practice of a practical occupation.

trade fair trade fairs n
targi
An exhibition at which members of a specific industry exhibit or demonstrate their products to prospective customers and to each other.

trade paper trade papers n
czasopismo branżowe gazeta branżowa

trade secret trade secrets n
tajemnica przedsiębiorstwa
(business) A formula, practice, process, design, instrument, pattern, or compilation of information used by a business to obtain an advantage over competitors within the same industry or profession, which kept secret from those competitors or the public.

trade union trade unions trades unions n
związek zawodowy
An organization whose members belong to the same trade and that acts collectively to address common issues.

trade war trade wars n
wojna handlowa
The practice of nations creating mutual tariffs or similar barriers to trade.

trade wind /ˈtɹeɪd ˈwɪnd/ trade winds n
pasat
A steady wind that blows from east to west above and below the equator.

trade-off trade-offs n
kompromis
Any situation in which the quality or quantity of one thing must be decreased for another to be increased.

trader /ˈtɹeɪdə(ɹ)/ /ˈtɹeɪdɚ/ /ˈtɹeɪɾɚ/ traders n
handlarz kupiec
One who earns a living by trading goods or securities.

trading card /ˈtɹeɪd.ɪŋ ˌkɑɹd/ trading cards n
karta kolekcjonerska
A collectible card, sometimes sticker, usually made out of paperboard or thick paper, which usually contains an image of a certain person, place or thing (fictional or real) and a short description of the picture, along with other text (attacks, statistics, or trivia). There is a wide variation of different types of cards, like sports, cars, natural history, film characters or other information of interest to purchasers. Sometimes is included with tobacco, food or confectionery products.

trading floor trading floors n
parkiet giełdowy

trading post trading posts n
faktoria
A place where trading of goods takes place.

tradition /tɹəˈdɪʃən/ traditions n
tradycja
A part of culture that is passed from person to person or generation to generation, possibly differing in detail from family to family, such as the way to celebrate holidays.

traditional /tɹəˈdɪʃnəl/ /tɹəˈdɪʃənəl/ more traditional most traditional adj
tradycyjny zwyczajowy
Of, relating to, or derived from tradition.

traditionalism traditionalisms n
tradycjonalizm
The adherence to traditional views or practices, especially with regard to cultural or religious matters.
A philosophical system which makes tradition the supreme criterion and rule of certitude; the doctrine that human reason is of itself radically unable to know with certainty any truth or, at least, the fundamental truths of the metaphysical, moral, and religious order.

traditionalist traditionalists n
tradycjonalista tradycjonalistka
A person who adheres to tradition, especially in cultural or religious practices.

traditionally /tɹəˈdɪʃənli/ /tɹəˈdɪʃəˌnəli/ /tɹəˈdɪʃˌnəli/ [tɹəˈdɪˌʃn̩li] [tɹɪˈdɪˌʃn̩li] more traditionally most traditionally adv
tradycyjnie
In a traditional manner.

traffic /ˈtɹæfɪk/ traffics n
ruch komunikacja ruch drogowy
Moving pedestrians or vehicles, or the flux or passage thereof.
komunikacja ruch
Exchange or flux of information, messages or data, as in a computer or telephone network.

traffic cone traffic cones n
pachołek drogowy
A cone-shaped marker, generally made out of plastic or rubber, that is placed on roads or footpaths to temporarily redirect traffic in a safe manner.

traffic island traffic islands n
wysepka
A raised area in a roadway or traffic circle, bordered by curbs, used to control traffic.

traffic jam traffic jams n
korek
A situation in which road traffic accumulates until it is stationary or very slow.

traffic light traffic lights n
sygnalizator świetlny światło sygnalizacyjne sygnalizacja światła drogowe
A signalling device positioned at a road intersection or pedestrian crossing to indicate when it may be safe to drive, ride or walk, using a universal colour code.

traffic sign traffic signs n
znak drogowy
A sign for the control of traffic or the information of drivers.

trafficker traffickers n
handlarz przemytnik
(chiefly, pejorative) Someone who traffics; a trader or merchant of illegal products, or of legal products in an illegal setting.

tragacanth tragacanths n
tragakanta tragant
A polysaccharide gum, extracted from several species of leguminous plants of the genus Astragalus, formerly used medicinally and now as a food additive. Also more fully gum tragacanth. [from 16th c.]

tragedy /ˈtɹæd͡ʒɛdi/ /ˈtɹæd͡ʒɪdi/ tragedies n
tragedia
A drama or similar work, in which the main character is brought to ruin or otherwise suffers the extreme consequences of some tragic flaw or weakness of character.
The genre of such works, and the art of producing them.
tragedia bieda gorze nieszczęście
A disastrous event, especially one involving great loss of life or injury.

tragic /ˈtɹæd͡ʒɪk/ more tragic most tragic adj
tragiczny
Causing great sadness or suffering.
Relating to tragedy in a literary work.

tragicomedy /ˌtɹædʒɪˈkɒmədi/ tragicomedies n
tragikomedia
(uncountable) The genre of drama that combines elements of tragedy and comedy.

tragicomic more tragicomic most tragicomic adj
tragikomiczny
Of, pertaining to, or resembling tragicomedy; having both tragic and comic aspects.

trail /tɹeɪl/ trails n
ślad trop
The track or indication marking the route followed by something that has passed, such as the footprints of animal on land or the contrail of an airplane in the sky.
ścieżka
A route for travel over land, especially a narrow, unpaved pathway for use by hikers, horseback riders, etc.

trail /tɹeɪl/ v
śledzić tropić
(transitive) To follow behind (someone or something); to tail (someone or something).

trail mix trail mixes n
mieszanka studencka
A blend of foods for snacking on the go, as during hikes, usually consisting of some combination of dried fruit, nuts, seeds, granola, and sometimes small candies, cereal, etc.

trailer /ˈtɹeɪlə(ɹ)/ /ˈtɹeɪlɚ/ trailers n
przyczepa campingowa przyczepa kempingowa
przyczepa naczepa trailer
An unpowered wheeled vehicle (not a caravan or camper) that is towed behind another, and used to carry equipment, etc, that cannot be carried in the leading vehicle.
zwiastun trailer zapowiedź
A short blank segment of film at the end of a reel, for convenient insertion of the film in a projector.

train /tɹeɪn/ [t̠ɹ̠̊˔e̞ɪn] [t͡ʃɹeɪn] trains n
tren
The elongated back portion of a dress or skirt (or an ornamental piece of material added to similar effect), which drags along the ground. [from 14th c.]
tren ogon
(obsolete, hunting) Something dragged or laid along the ground to form a trail of scent or food along which to lure an animal.
ciąg seria
A series of electrical pulses. [from 19th c.]
ciąg łańcuch
A sequence of events or ideas which are interconnected; a course or procedure of something. [from 15th c.]
orszak sznur świta
A group of animals, vehicles, or people that follow one another in a line, such as a wagon train; a caravan or procession. [from 15th c.]
pociąg
A mechanical (traditionally steam-powered, now typically diesel or electrical) vehicle carrying a large number of passengers and freight along a designated track or path; a line of connected wagons considered overall as a mode of transport; (as uncountable noun) rail or road travel. [from 19th c.]
układ zespół
A set of interconnected mechanical parts which operate each other in sequence. [from 18th c.]

train /tɹeɪn/ [t̠ɹ̠̊˔e̞ɪn] [t͡ʃɹeɪn] v
trenować ćwiczyć
(intransitive) To practice an ability.
(intransitive) To improve one's fitness.
(transitive, video games) To create a trainer (cheat patch) for; to apply cheats to (a game).
przesuwać się
(intransitive) To proceed in sequence.
wycelować
(transitive) To move (a gun) laterally so that it points in a different direction.

train of thought trains of thought n
tok myślenia
The flow of thinking.

trainee /tɹeɪˈni/ [tʃɹeɪˈni] trainees n
praktykant praktykantka stażysta stażystka
Someone who is still in the process of being formally trained in a workplace.

trainer /ˈtɹeɪnə/ /ˈtɹeɪnɚ/ trainers n
trenerka trener
A person who trains another; a coach.
adidas
(British) A running shoe or sneaker.

training /ˈtɹeɪnɪŋ/ trainings n
trening ćwiczenie szkolenie zaprawa zaprawianie
The activity of imparting and acquiring skills.

training wheel /ˈtreɪnɪŋ ˌ(h)wil/ /ˈtɹeɪnɪŋ wiːl/ training wheels n
boczne kółko
(chiefly, Canada, US, and, in the plural, cycling) One of a pair of small wheels, each attached to one side of a bicycle's rear wheel to provide support for new riders.

training wheels /ˈtreɪnɪŋ ˌ(h)wilz/ /ˈtɹeɪnɪŋ wiːlz/ n
pomoc
(figuratively) Anything designed to make something easier for a novice.

trait /tɹeɪ/ /tɹeɪt/ traits n
cecha rys
(biology, psychology) An identifying characteristic, habit or trend.

traitor /ˈtɹeɪtə(ɹ)/ /ˈtɹeɪtɚ/ [ˈtʰɹeɪɾɚ] traitors n
zdrajca konfident sprzedawczyk zaprzaniec zdrajczyni
(by extension) One who betrays any confidence or trust.

trajectory /tɹəˈd͡ʒɛktəɹɪ/ trajectories n
trajektoria bieg
(astronomy, space) The path of a body as it travels through space.
(figuratively) A course of development, such as that of a war or career.

tram /tɹæm/ [tɹeəm] [tɹɛəm] [tɹɛːm] trams n
tramwaj bimba
(Australia, Britain, rail transport) A passenger vehicle for public use that runs on tracks in the road (called a streetcar or trolley in North America).
A similar vehicle for carrying materials.

tram driver tram drivers n
motorniczy tramwajarz
A person who drives a tram to transport passengers on an urban tramway system.

tram stop tram stops n
przystanek tramwajowy
a designated point on a tram route where passengers may board or leave the tram

tram-train tram-trains n
tramwaj dwusystemowy
(rail, UK) A design of tram which can operate over standard railway track as well as tram track.

tramp /tɹæmp/ tramps n
tramp
(sometimes, pejorative) A homeless person; a vagabond. [from 1664]

trample /ˈtɹæmpəl/ v
rozdeptywać
(transitive) To crush something by walking on it.

trampoline /tɹæmpəˈliːn/ /ˈtɹæmpəliːn/ trampolines n
batut trampolina
A gymnastic and recreational device consisting of a piece of taut, strong fabric or rubber stretched over a (usually steel) frame using many coiled springs as anchors.
trampolina
(programming) Any of a variety of looping or jumping instructions in specific programming languages.

trance /tɹæns/ /tɹɑːns/ trances n
trans
(countable) A dazed or unconscious condition.
(countable) A state of awareness, concentration, or focus that filters experience and information (for example, a state of meditation or possession by some being).
(countable, psychology) A state of low response to stimulus and diminished, narrow attention; particularly one induced by hypnosis.
trance
(uncountable, music genre) Short for trance music (“genre of electronic dance music”).

tranche /tɹænt͡ʃ/ /tɹæːnt͡ʃ/ /tɹɑːnʃ/ /tɹɑ̃nt͡ʃ/ /tɹɑ̃nʃ/ /tɹɑ̃ʃ/ v
transza
(finance, transitive) To divide into tranches.

tranquil /ˈtɹæŋ.kwɪl/ tranquiler tranquilest adj
spokojny
Free from emotional or mental disturbance.
cichy
Calm; without motion or sound.

tranquilizer dart tranquilizer darts n
strzałka ze środkiem usypiającym
A projectile used to inject a drug into a target, usually an animal, from a distance in order to immobilize it.

trans-Neptunian object trans-Neptunian objects n
obiekt transneptunowy

transacetylase transacetylases n
acetylotransferaza
(enzyme) Any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group from one molecule to another. It is produced by the ‘a’ structural gene of the lac operon.

transaction /tɹænˈzækʃən/ transactions n
transakcja
A deal or business agreement.
An exchange or trade, as of ideas, money, goods, etc.
(finance) The transfer of funds into, out of, or from an account.
(computing) An atomic operation; a message, data modification, or other procedure that is guaranteed to perform completely or not at all (e.g. a database transaction).

transaminase /tɹænzˈæmɪneɪz/ transaminases n
aminotransferaza
(enzyme) Any of a group of enzymes that catalyze transamination.

transatlantic adj
transatlantycki
(geography) On, spanning or crossing, or from the other side of the Atlantic Ocean.

transcendental /ˌtɹænsɛnˈdɛntəl/ /ˌtɹænzɛnˈdɛntəl/ more transcendental most transcendental adj
przestępny
(algebra, field theory, of an extension field) That contains elements that are not algebraic.

transcendental number transcendental numbers n
liczba przestępna
(mathematics) any irrational number that is not an algebraic number

transcendentalism transcendentalisms n
transcendentalizm
A philosophy which holds that reasoning is key to understanding reality (associated with Kant); philosophy which stresses intuition and spirituality (associated with Ralph Waldo Emerson); transcendental character or quality.
A movement of writers and philosophers in New England in the 19th century who were loosely bound together by adherence to an idealistic system of thought based on a belief in the essential supremacy of insight over logic and experience for the revelation of the deepest truths.

transclusion transclusions n
transkluzja
(computing) The inclusion of part of one hypertext document in another one by means of reference rather than copying.

transcribe /trænˈskɹaɪb/ v
przepisywać transkrybować
To convert a representation of language, typically speech but also sign language, etc., to a written representation of it. The term now usually implies the conversion of speech to text by a human transcriptionist with the assistance of a computer for word processing and sometimes also for speech recognition, the process of a computer interpreting speech and converting it to text.
(linguistics) To represent speech by phonetic symbols.

transcript /ˈtɹæn.skɹɪpt/ [ˈtʃɹʷanskɹʷɪp̚t] [ˈtʃɹʷænskɹʷɪp̚t] transcripts n
transkrypcja
Something which has been transcribed; a writing or composition consisting of the same words as the original; a written copy.
A written version of what was said orally
odpis
A copy of any kind; an imitation.
transkrypt
(genetics) A molecule of RNA produced by transcription
indeks
(education) An inventory of the courses taken and grades earned of a student alleged throughout a course.

transcription /tɹænˈskɹɪpʃən/ transcriptions n
transkrypcja
(linguistics) A representation of speech sounds as phonetic symbols.

transcriptome transcriptomes n
transkryptom
(biochemistry, genetics) The complete set of RNA molecules (transcripts) produced in a cell or a population of cells.

transducer /trænzˈdjuːsə(ɹ)/ /trænzˈdjuːsɚ/ transducers n
przetwornik
A device that converts energy from one form into another.

transept /ˈtɹænsɛpt/ /ˈtɹɑːnsɛpt/ transepts n
transept
(architecture) The transversal part of a church, which crosses at right angles to the greatest length, and between the nave and choir. In the basilicas, this had often no projection at its two ends. In Gothic churches these project greatly, and should be called the arms of the transept. It is common, however, to speak of the arms themselves as the transepts.

transfeminism transfeminisms n
transfeminizm

transfer /tɹænsˈfɚ/ /tɹænsˈfɜː/ /tɹɑːnsˈfɜː/ /ˈtɹæns.fɚ/ /ˈtɹæns.fɜː/ /ˈtɹɑːns.fɜː/ transfers n
przenoszenie
(uncountable) The act of conveying or removing something from one place, person or thing to another.
przeniesienie
(countable) Of a person with limited mobility: an instance of independent or assisted movement from one stable surface to another.

transfer /tɹænsˈfɚ/ /tɹænsˈfɜː/ /tɹɑːnsˈfɜː/ /ˈtɹæns.fɚ/ /ˈtɹæns.fɜː/ /ˈtɹɑːns.fɜː/ v
przenosić przenieść
(transitive) To move or pass from one place, person or thing to another.
(intransitive) To be or become transferred.
przenieść przenosić
(transitive) To convey the impression of (something) from one surface to another.
przenosić przenieść przepisać przepisywać
(transitive, legal) To arrange for something to belong to or be officially controlled by somebody else.

transferase transferases n
transferaza
(enzyme) Any of various enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a functional group, such as amine or phosphate from one molecule to another.

transferee transferees n
przenoszony
A person who is transferred.

transfiguration transfigurations n
przekształcenie przemienienie przeobrażenie transfiguracja
A major change in appearance or form; a metamorphosis.

transfinite /tɹænsˈfaɪnaɪt/ adj
pozaskończony
(mathematics) Relating to transfinite numbers.

transform /tɹænsˈfɔɹm/ /tɹænsˈfɔːm/ /tɹɑːnsˈfɔːm/ /ˈtɹænsfɔɹm/ /ˈtɹænsfɔːm/ /ˈtɹɑːnsfɔːm/ v
przekształcać przemieniać przeobrażać przeistaczać transformować
(transitive) To change greatly the appearance or form of.

transformation /ˌtɹæns.fɔɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌtɹæns.fə(ɹ)ˈmeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌtɹæns.fɚˈmeɪ.ʃən/ transformations n
transformacja przekształcenie przemiana
The act of transforming or the state of being transformed.
przemiana przeobrażenie
A marked change in appearance or character, especially one for the better.
transformacja przekształcenie
(mathematics) The replacement of the variables in an algebraic expression by their values in terms of another set of variables; a mapping of one space onto another or onto itself; a function that changes the position or direction of the axes of a coordinate system.
(genetics) The alteration of a bacterial cell caused by the transfer of DNA from another, especially if pathogenic.
transformacja
(linguistics) A rule that systematically converts one syntactic form into another; a sentence derived by such a rule.

transformative /trɑːnsˈfɔːmətɪv/ /tɹæns-/ /tɹænsˈfɔɹmətɪv/ [-ɾɪv] more transformative most transformative adj
transformacyjny
That causes a transformation; causing a notable and lasting change

transformer /tɹænsˈfɔɹmɚ/ /tɹænsˈfɔːmə/ /tɹɑːnsˈfɔːmə/ transformers n
transformator
Something that transforms, changing its own or another thing's shape.
(electrical engineering) A static device that transfers electric energy from one circuit to another by magnetic coupling. Their main use is to transfer energy between different voltage levels, which allows choosing most appropriate voltage for power generation, transmission and distribution separately.

transgender /tɹanzˈd͡ʒɛn.də/ /tɹænzˈd͡ʒɛn.dɚ/ adj
transpłciowy
(narrowly; see usage notes) Having a gender (identity) which is opposite from the sex one was assigned at birth: being assigned male but having a female gender, or vice versa (i.e., not including non-binary).
(loosely) Transgressing or not identifying with culturally conventional gender roles and categories of male or female.

transgender /tɹanzˈd͡ʒɛn.də/ /tɹænzˈd͡ʒɛn.dɚ/ transgenders n
osoba transpłciowa
(countable, now, often, offensive) A transgender person.

transgenderism transgenderisms n
transgenderism
The state of being transgender. (See usage notes)

transgenic /tɹanzˈdʒɛnɪk/ /tɹɑːnzˈdʒɛnɪk/ adj
transgeniczny
Of, or pertaining to an organism whose genome has been changed by the addition of a gene from another species; (of an organism) whose genome has been changed by such addition, genetically modified.

transgression /tɹænsˈɡɹɛʃən/ transgressions n
transgresja wykroczenie
An act that goes beyond generally accepted boundaries.
transgresja
(geology) A relative rise in sea level resulting in deposition of marine strata over terrestrial strata.

transhumanism transhumanisms n
transhumanizm
A philosophy favouring the use of science and technology, especially neurotechnology, biotechnology, and nanotechnology, to overcome human limitations and improve the human condition.

transience transiences n
przelotność
An impermanence that suggests the inevitability of ending or dying.

transistor /tɹænˈzɪs.tɚ/ transistors n
tranzystor
(semiconductors) A solid-state semiconductor device, with three terminals, which can be used for amplification, switching, voltage stabilization, signal modulation, and many other functions.
(dated, informal) A transistor radio.

transistor radio transistor radios n
tranzystor
(dated) A small portable radio receiver having transistors rather than thermionic valves; popular from the late 1950s.

transit /ˈtɹæn.sət/ /ˈtɹæn.sɪt/ /ˈtɹæn.zət/ /ˈtɹæn.zɪt/ /ˈtɹɑːn.zɪt/ transits n
tranzyt
The conveyance of people or goods from one place to another, especially on a public transportation system; the vehicles used for such conveyance.
(astronomy) The passage of a celestial body or other object across the observer's meridian, or across the disk of a larger celestial body.

transition /tɹænˈsɪʃ(ə)n/ /tɹænˈsɪʒən/ /tɹænˈzɪʃ(ə)n/ /tɹɑːnˈsɪʃ(ə)n/ /tɹɑːnˈsɪʒən/ /tɹɑːnˈzɪʃ(ə)n/ transitions n
przejście przekształcenie
The process of change from one form, state, style or place to another.

transition state transition states n
stan przejściowy

transitive /ˈtɹænzɪtɪv/ adj
przechodni
(grammar, of a verb) Taking a direct object or objects.
(set theory, of a relation on a set) Having the property that if an element a is related to b and b is related to c, then a is necessarily related to c.
tranzytywny przechodni
(algebra, of a group action) Such that, for any two elements of the acted-upon set, some group element maps the first to the second.

transitive verb transitive verbs n
czasownik przechodni
(grammar) A verb that is accompanied (either clearly or implicitly) by a direct object in the active voice. It links the action taken by the subject with the object upon which that action is taken. Consequently, transitive verbs can also be used in the passive voice when the direct object of the equivalent active-voice sentence becomes the subject.

transitivity /ˌtɹænzɪˈtɪvɪti/ transitivities n
przechodniość
(grammar) The degree in which any one verb can take/govern objects.

transl. adj
tłum.
abbreviation of the equivalent of translated

transl. transll. transls. n
tłum.
abbreviation of the equivalent of translation
abbreviation of the equivalent of translator

transl. v
tłum.
abbreviation of the equivalent of translate

translatability translatabilities n
przekładalność przetłumaczalność
The quality or property of being translatable; ability to be translated.

translatable more translatable most translatable adj
przekładalny przetłumaczalny
Capable of being translated into another language.
przekładalny
Capable of being transferred from one context or environment to another.

translate /tɹæns-/ /tɹænz-/ /tɹænzˈleɪt/ /tɹɑːns-/ /tɹɑːnzˈleɪt/ /ˈtɹæns-/ /ˈtɹænzˌleɪt/ /ˈtɹɛnz.læɪt/ [ˈtʃɹʷɛ̃nzɫæe̯ʔ(t)] v
tłumaczyć przekładać przetłumaczyć przełożyć
(transitive) To express spoken words or written text in a different (often clearer or simpler) way in the same language; to paraphrase, to rephrase, to restate.
przesuwać po prostej
(intransitive, physics) Of a body: to be subjected to linear motion with no rotation.
(transitive, physics) To subject (a body) to linear motion with no rotation.

translation /tɹæn(t)sˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ /tɹæns-/ /tɹænzˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ /tɹɑːns-/ /tɹɑːnz-/ translations n
przekład
The conversion of something from one form or medium to another.
translacja przesunięcie
(physics, mathematics) A motion or compulsion to motion in a straight line without rotation or other deformation.
tłumaczenie przekład
(translation studies) The discipline or study of translating written language (as opposed to interpretation, which concerns itself with spoken language).

translation dictionary translation dictionaries n
słownik z przetłumaczeniami
A dictionary that provides translations between two or more languages.

translation studies n
przekładoznawstwo traduktologia translatologia translatoryka
The study of the theory and practice of translating and interpreting, especially in an academic context, combining elements of social science and the humanities.

translational /tɹænzˈleɪʃənəl/ adj
przekładowy
(translation studies) Relating the act of translating text etc. from one language into another.

translator /ˈtɹanzleɪtə/ /ˈtɹænsleɪtɚ/ /ˈtɹænzleɪtɚ/ /ˈtɹɑːnzleɪtə/ /ˌtɹænsˈleɪtɚ/ /ˌtɹænzˈleɪtɚ/ [ˌtʰɹænzˈleɪtʰɚ] [ˌtʰɹænzˈleɪɾɚ] translators n
tłumacz tłumaczka translator translatorka
A computer program that translates something from one language to another using machine translation.

transliterate /tɹænzˈlɪtəɹeɪt/ v
transliterować
(transitive) To represent letters or words in the characters of another writing system.

transliteration /ˌtɹænzlɪtəˈɹeɪʃən/ transliterations n
transliteracja
(linguistics, translation studies) The act or product of transliterating, of representing letters or words in the characters of another alphabet or script.

translucent /tɹænz.ˈlu.sənt/ /tɹænz.ˈluː.sənt/ more translucent most translucent adj
przeświecający półprzezroczysty
Allowing light to pass through, but diffusing it.
jasny przejrzysty
Clear, lucid, or transparent.

transmissible more transmissible most transmissible adj
zaraźliwy
(medicine, of a disease) Capable of being transmitted from one person to another.
(radio communications or broadcasting, of a message or program) Capable of being transmitted from a transmitter to a receiver.
Able to be transmitted.

transmissible spongiform encephalopathy transmissible spongiform encephalopathies n
zakaźna encefalopatia gąbczasta
(disease, neurology) Any fatal, incurable degenerative disease of the brain transmitted by prions.

transmitter transmitters n
przekaźnik
One who or that which transmits something (in all senses).
nadajnik
An electronic device that generates and amplifies a carrier wave, modulates it with a meaningful signal derived from speech, music, TV or other sources, and broadcasts the resulting signal from an antenna.

transnational more transnational most transnational adj
transnarodowy
Between or beyond national boundaries.

transoceanic /ˌtɹæn.zəʊ.ʃiˈæn.ɪk/ more transoceanic most transoceanic adj
transoceaniczny zaoceaniczny
beyond or on the other side of an ocean
transoceaniczny
crossing an ocean

transom /ˈtɹæn.səm/ transoms n
pawęż
(nautical) Any of several transverse structural members in a ship, especially at the stern; a thwart.

transparency /-ˈpæɹənsi/ /tɹænsˈpæɹənsi/ /tɹænsˈpɛɹənsi/ /tɹænz-/ /tɹænzˈpæɹənsi/ transparencies n
przezroczystość przejrzystość
(uncountable) The quality of being transparent; transparence.

transparent /tɹæn(t)sˈpæɹənt/ /tɹæn(t)sˈpɛɹənt/ /tɹænz-/ /tɹænzˈpæɹənt/ more transparent most transparent adj
przezroczysty przejrzysty ażurowy bezbarwny
(of a material or object) See-through, clear; having the property that light passes through it almost undisturbed, such that one can see through it clearly.
otwarty transparentny
(of a system or organization) Open, public; having the property that theories and practices are publicly visible, thereby reducing the chance of corruption.
oczywisty jasny
Obvious; readily apparent; easy to see or understand.

transparently more transparently most transparently adv
ażurowo przezroczyście
in a transparent manner; with nothing hidden.

transpersonal more transpersonal most transpersonal adj
transpersonalny
(psychology) That transcends the personal or individual

transphobia transphobias n
transfobia
Hatred or fear of transgender and transsexual people.
(chemistry) The preference of pairs of high-trans effect soft ligands to avoid being mutually trans by becoming cis and having other low-trans effect hard ligands trans to themselves.

transplant /tɹænzˈplænt/ /tɹænzˈplɑːnt/ /tɹɑːnzˈplɑːnt/ /ˈtɹænzplænt/ /ˈtɹænzplɑːnt/ /ˈtɹɑːnzplɑːnt/ transplants n
przesadzenie
An act of uprooting and moving (something), especially and archetypically a plant.
przeszczep transplantacja
(medicine) An operation (procedure) in which tissue or an organ is transplanted: an instance of transplantation.
przeszczep
(medicine) A transplanted organ or tissue: a graft.

transplant /tɹænzˈplænt/ /tɹænzˈplɑːnt/ /tɹɑːnzˈplɑːnt/ /ˈtɹænzplænt/ /ˈtɹænzplɑːnt/ /ˈtɹɑːnzplɑːnt/ v
przesadzać przesadzić
(transitive) To uproot (a growing plant), and plant it in another place.
przesiedlać przesiedlić
(transitive) To remove (something) and establish its residence in another place; to resettle or relocate.
przeszczepiać przeszczepić
(transitive, medicine) To transfer (tissue or an organ) from one body to another, or from one part of a body to another.

transplantation transplantations n
przeszczep transplantacja
A surgical operation in which an organ is moved from a donor to a recipient; an organ transplant.

transport /tɹænsˈpo(ː)ɹt/ /tɹænsˈpoət/ /tɹænsˈpɔɹt/ /tɹænsˈpɔːt/ /tɹɑːnˈspɔːt/ /ˈtɹæns.po(ː)ɹt/ /ˈtɹæns.poət/ /ˈtɹæns.pɔɹt/ /ˈtɹæns.pɔːt/ /ˈtɹɑːnspɔːt/ transports n
transport przewóz
An act of transporting; conveyance.
transport transporter
A vehicle used to transport (passengers, mail, freight, troops etc.)

transport /tɹænsˈpo(ː)ɹt/ /tɹænsˈpoət/ /tɹænsˈpɔɹt/ /tɹænsˈpɔːt/ /tɹɑːnˈspɔːt/ /ˈtɹæns.po(ː)ɹt/ /ˈtɹæns.poət/ /ˈtɹæns.pɔɹt/ /ˈtɹæns.pɔːt/ /ˈtɹɑːnspɔːt/ v
przewozić
To carry or bear from one place to another; to remove; to convey.
zsyłać
(historical) To deport to a penal colony.

transportation /tɹænspɔːˈteɪʃən/ /tɹænspɚˈteɪʃən/ transportations n
transport przewiezienie środek transportu
The act of transporting, or the state of being transported; conveyance, often of people, goods etc.
zesłanie
(historical) Deportation to a penal colony.

transposing adj
transponujący
(music) Written in a different pitch to how it sounds.

transposition transpositions n
przemiana transpozycja
(especially, _, mathematics) The act or process of transposing or interchanging.
transpozycja
(music) A shift of a piece of music to a different musical key by adjusting all the notes of the work equally either up or down in pitch.

transposon transposons n
transpozon
(genetics) A segment of DNA that can move to a different position within a genome, or to the genome of another species.

transsexual /tɹæn(z)ˈsɛksjuəl/ /tɹæn(z)ˈsɛkʃuəl/ more transsexual most transsexual adj
transseksualny
(of a person) Having changed, or being in the process of changing, physical sex (because it does not match desired sex) by undergoing medical treatment such as hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and optionally sex reassignment surgery (SRS), or rarely only SRS.

transsexual /tɹæn(z)ˈsɛksjuəl/ /tɹæn(z)ˈsɛkʃuəl/ transsexuals n
transseksualista transseksualistka
A transsexual person.

transsexuality transsexualities n
transseksualizm
The state, condition, or properties of being transsexual.

transsexually adv
transseksualnie
(rare) In a transsexual manner.

transtheism n
transteizm
Beyond theism or atheism, belief in one or more deities which transcend the universe and yet are also immanent; belief in a panentheistic God.

transubstantiation transubstantiations n
transsubstancjacja przeistoczenie
(Roman Catholic) The doctrine holding that the bread and wine of the Eucharist are essentially transformed into the body and blood of Jesus.

transverse /tɹansˈvɜːs/ /tɹanzˈvɜːs/ /tɹænsˈvɝs/ /tɹænzˈvɝs/ /tɹɑːnsˈvɜːs/ /tɹɑːnzˈvɜːs/ /ˈtɹans.vɜːs/ /ˈtɹanz.vɜːs/ /ˈtɹænsˌvɝs/ /ˈtɹænzˌvɝs/ /ˈtɹɑːns.vɜːs/ /ˈtɹɑːnz.vɜːs/ adj
poprzeczny
Situated or lying across; side to side, relative to some defined "forward" direction; perpendicular or slanted relative to the "forward" direction; identified with movement across areas.

transverse colon transverse colons n
poprzecznica
(anatomy) A part of colon joining ascending colon and descending colon.

transvestic adj
transwestytyczny
Relating to transvestism.

transvestism transvestisms n
transwestytyzm
The condition of being a transvestite.

transvestite /tɹænzˈvɛstaɪt/ transvestites n
transwestyta transwestytka
A person who sometimes wears clothes traditionally worn by and associated with the opposite sex; typically a male who cross-dresses occasionally by habit or personal choice.
(clinical psychology, psychiatry, pathology) A person, typically a heterosexual male, who compulsively seeks and derives paraphilic sexual arousal from cross-dressing, especially if the urges and behavior cause the patient distress or social impairment.

trap /tɹæp/ [t̠ɹ̠̊˔ap] [t̠ɹ̠̊˔äp] [t̠ɹ̠̊˔æp] [t̠ɹ̠̊˔ɛp] traps n
pułapka matnia potrzask zapadnia
A machine or other device designed to catch (and sometimes kill) animals, either by holding them in a container, or by catching hold of part of the body.
pułapka zasadzka
A trick or arrangement designed to catch someone in a more general sense; a snare.
klapa właz
A covering over a hole or opening; a trapdoor.
trap
(now, rare) A kind of movable stepladder or set of stairs.
syfon
A bend, sag, or other device in a waste-pipe arranged so that the liquid contents form a seal which prevents the escape of noxious gases, but permits the flow of liquids.
A place in a water pipe, pump, etc., where air accumulates for lack of an outlet.
dwukółka
(historical) A light two-wheeled carriage with springs.
gęba
(slang) A person's mouth.

trap /tɹæp/ [t̠ɹ̠̊˔ap] [t̠ɹ̠̊˔äp] [t̠ɹ̠̊˔æp] [t̠ɹ̠̊˔ɛp] v
łapać
(transitive) To physically capture, to catch in a trap or traps, or something like a trap.

trapdoor /ˈtræpdɔɹ/ /ˈtræpdɔː/ trapdoors n
klapa
A hinged or sliding door set into a floor or ceiling.
zapadnia
(mining) A door in a level for regulating the ventilating current; a weather door.

trapeze /tɹəˈpiːz/ trapezes n
trapez
A swinging horizontal bar suspended at each end by a rope, used by gymnasts.

trapezium /tɹæˈpi.zi.əm/ /tɹəˈpiː.zi.əm/ trapezia trapeziums n
trapez
(restrictively) A quadrilateral with two sides parallel and two sides non-parallel.
trapezoid
(geometry, US, dated) A four-sided polygon with no parallel sides and no sides equal; a simple convex irregular quadrilateral.

trapezohedron trapezohedra trapezohedrons n
wielościan z trapezoidów
(geometry, crystallography) Any of a class of polyhedra that have kite-shaped faces and are dual polyhedra of antiprisms.

trapped more trapped most trapped adj
schwytany złowiony
caught in a trap

trapper /ˈtɹæpɚ/ trappers n
traper traperka
One who traps animals; one who makes a business of trapping animals, for their pelts, meat, etc.

trappings n
rząd uprząż
Ornamental coverings or harnesses for a horse; caparisons.

trash /tɹæʃ/ trashes n
śmieci
(chiefly, North American) Useless physical things to be discarded; rubbish; refuse.

trash heap of history n
śmietnik historii
(figuratively) A notional place where things which have been forgotten or have become irrelevant from a historical perspective go.

trashfire trashfires n
ogień śmieciowy
Fire resulting from trash burning.

trashpaper trashpapers n
odrzucony papier

trauma /ˈtɹaʊ.mə/ /ˈtɹɑ.mə/ /ˈtɹɒ.mə/ /ˈtɹɔ.mə/ /ˈtɹɔː.mə/ traumas traumata n
uraz trauma
Any serious injury to the body, often resulting from violence or an accident.
trauma uraz psychiczny
An emotional wound leading to psychological injury.

traumatic /tɹɔːˈmætɪk/ more traumatic most traumatic adj
traumatyczny
Of, caused by, or causing trauma.

travel /ˈtɹævəl/ travels n
podróż
The act of traveling; passage from place to place.
The working motion of a piece of machinery; the length of a mechanical stroke.
podróże
(in the plural) A series of journeys.

travel /ˈtɹævəl/ v
podróżować jeździć
(intransitive) To be on a journey, often for pleasure or business and with luggage; to go from one place to another.
przemieszczać się podróżować
(intransitive) To pass from one place to another; to move or transmit.
przemierzać
(transitive) To travel throughout (a place).

travel agency travel agencies n
biuro podróży
A company that arranges travel and accommodation for travellers.

travel insurance travel insurances n
ubezpieczenie podróżne ubezpieczenie podróży ubezpieczenie turystyczne

traveler's diarrhea n
klątwa faraona zemsta faraona

traveling /ˈtɹæv.lɪŋ/ /ˈtɹæv.ə.lɪŋ/ travelings n
podróżowanie
The action of the verb travel.

traveller /ˈtɹævlə/ /ˈtɹævl̩ɚ/ /ˈtɹævələ/ /ˈtɹævəlɚ/ travellers n
podróżniczka podróżnik
One who travels, especially to distant lands.

travelling /ˈtɹæv.lɪŋ/ /ˈtɹæv.ə.lɪŋ/ travellings n
podróżowanie
The act of one who travels; a journey.

travelling salesman travelling salesmen n
komiwojażer
A man who travels, often within a certain territory, soliciting orders or selling goods.

travelling salesman problem n
problem komiwojażera
(mathematics, UK, Canada) The problem in combinatorial optimization in which, given a number of cities and the costs of travelling from one to the other, it is required to determine the cheapest route that visits each city once and then returns to the initial city.

traverse /tɹəˈvɜːs/ /tɹəˈvɝs/ /ˈtɹævəs/ /ˈtɹævɚs/ v
trawersować
(transitive) To travel across, to go through, to pass through, particularly under difficult conditions.

travertine /ˈtɹavətɪn/ travertines n
trawertyn
(mineral) A light, porous form of concretionary limestone (or calcite) deposited from solution, and sometimes quarried for building.

travesty /ˈtɹæv.əs.ti/ /ˈtɹæv.ɪs.ti/ travesties n
trawestacja
A parody or stylistic imitation.

trawler trawlers n
trawler
A fishing boat that uses a trawl net or dragnet to catch fish.

tray /tɹeɪ/ trays n
taca tacka
A small, typically rectangular or round, flat, and rigid object upon which things are carried.
tacka zasobnik
(computing, graphical user interface, informal) A notification area used for icons and alerts.

treacherous /ˈtɹɛt͡ʃəɹəs/ /ˈtɹɛt͡ʃɹəs/ more treacherous most treacherous adj
zdradziecki
Exhibiting treachery.

treacle /ˈtɹiː.ku/ /ˈtɹiː.kəl/ /ˈtɹiː.kɯ/ treacles n
melasa
(chiefly, British) A syrupy byproduct of sugar refining; molasses or golden syrup.

tread /tɹɛd/ treads n
krok
A step taken with the foot.
bieżnik
(obsolete) A way; a track or path.
(construction) A walking surface in a stairway on which the foot is placed.
The grooves carved into the face of a tire, used to give the tire traction. [from 1900s]

tread /tɹɛd/ v
nadepnąć nastąpić stąpać
(intransitive) To step or walk (on or across something); to trample.
deptać podeptać zdeptać
(transitive) To crush grapes with one's feet to make wine

tread the boards /ˌtɹɛd ðə ˈboɹdz/ /ˌtɹɛd ðə ˈbɔːdz/ v
aktorować wystąpić na deskach występować na deskach
To work as a theatre actor.

tread water v
stać w miejscu
(figuratively) To make no progress, expending effort just enough to maintain a stable position.

treadle /ˈtɹɛdl̩/ treadles n
człapień pedał
A foot-operated pedal or lever that generates motion.

treadmill /ˈtɹɛd.mɪl/ treadmills n
bieżnia
A piece of indoor sporting equipment used to allow for the motions of running or walking while staying in one place.

treason /ˈtɹiː.zən/ treasons n
zdrada kolaboracja
The crime of betraying one’s own country.

treasure /ˈtɹɛʒə/ /ˈtɹɛʒɚ/ /ˈt͡ʃɹɛʒɚ/ treasures n
skarb
(uncountable) A collection of valuable things; accumulated wealth; a stock of money, jewels, etc.
(countable) Anything greatly valued.
(countable) A term of endearment.

treasure hunt treasure hunts n
poszukiwanie skarbu
A search for sunken or buried treasure.

treasure trove treasure troves treasures trove n
znalezisko
A hidden treasure, subsequently discovered.

treasurer /ˈtɹɛʒəɹə(ɹ)/ treasurers n
skarbnik
The government official in charge of the Treasury.
skarbniczka skarbnik
The official entrusted with the funds and revenues of an organization such as a club.

treasury /ˈtɹɛʒ.ə.ɹi/ /ˈtɹɛʒ.ɚ.i/ treasuries n
skarbiec skarbnica
A place where treasure is stored safely.
skarbiec
A place where state or royal money and valuables are stored.

treat /tɹiːt/ [tɹiːt] [t͡ʃɹiːt] treats n
niespodzianka
An unexpected gift, event etc., which provides great pleasure.
smaczek
A snack food item designed to be given to pets.

treat /tɹiːt/ [tɹiːt] [t͡ʃɹiːt] v
traktować potraktować
(transitive) To handle, deal with or behave towards in a specific way. [from 14th c.]
częstować gościć poczęstować ugaszczać ugościć
(transitive) To entertain with food or drink, especially at one's own expense; to show hospitality to; to pay for as celebration or reward. [from 16th c.]
leczyć uzdrawiać uzdrowić wyleczyć
(transitive) To care for medicinally or surgically; to apply medical care to. [from 18th c.]
potraktować traktować
(transitive) To subject to a chemical or other action; to act upon with a specific scientific result in mind. [from 19th c.]

treat like dirt v
potraktować jak śmieci traktować jak śmieci

treatise /ˈtɹiːtɪs/ /ˈtɹiːtɪz/ treatises n
traktat
A formal, usually lengthy, systematic discourse on some subject.

treatment /ˈtɹiːtmənt/ treatments n
traktowanie
The process or manner of treating someone or something.
leczenie
Medical care for an illness or injury.

treaty /-ɾi/ /ˈtɹiti/ /ˈtɹiːti/ /ˈtɹiːəti/ treaties n
umowa traktat
(countable, international law) A formal binding agreement concluded by subjects of international law, namely, states and international organizations; a convention, a pact.

treble clef treble clefs n
klucz skrzypcowy klucz wiolinowy
(music) a symbol showing that the second line from the bottom of the stave represents the G above middle C

trebuchet /ˈtɹɛb.ju.ʃeɪ/ /ˈtɹɛb.juˌʃɛt/ /ˈtɹɛb.jə.ʃeɪ/ /ˈtɹɛb.jəˌʃeɪ/ /ˈtɹɛbəʃɛt/ trebuchets n
trebusz
A torture device for dunking suspected witches by means of a chair attached to the end of a long pole.

tree /tɹiː/ [tɹiː] [t̠͡ɹ̠̊˔ʷɪi̯] [t͡ʃɹiː] treen trees n
drzewo
A perennial woody plant taller and larger than a bush with a wooden trunk and, at some distance from the ground, leaves and branches.
An object made from a tree trunk and having multiple hooks or storage platforms.
(graph theory) A connected graph with no cycles or, if the graph is finite, equivalently a connected graph with n vertices and n−1 edges.
(computing theory) A recursive data structure in which each node has zero or more nodes as children.
(graphical user interface) A display or listing of entries or elements such that there are primary and secondary entries shown, usually linked by drawn lines or by indenting to the right.
prawidło
A device used to hold or stretch a shoe open.

tree frog tree frogs n
rzekotka drzewna
A frog of the family Hylidae, of small size and more elegant in form than the true frogs (family Ranidae), often with a bright coloration.

tree hollow tree hollows n
dziupla
a semi-enclosed cavity which has naturally formed in the trunk or branch of a tree.

tree kangaroo tree kangaroos n
drzewiak

tree pipit tree pipits n
świergotek drzewny
A small passerine bird, Anthus trivialis.

tree sparrow tree sparrows n
mazurek
A bird of the species Passer montanus

tree trunk tree trunks n
pień
(botany) The main structural member of a tree.

treebank /ˈtɹiː.bæŋk/ treebanks n
bank drzew
(linguistics, computational linguistics) A database of sentences which are annotated with syntactic information, often in the form of a tree.

treecreeper treecreepers n
pełzacz

treehouse /ˈtɹiːˌhaʊs/ treehouses n
domek na drzewie
A house, or similar structure within a tree, or several trees, built with light materials; wood, bamboo or aluminum are preferred construction materials.

treeless adj
bezdrzewny
having no trees

treelessly adv
bezdrzewnie

treelessness n
bezdrzewność
The state of being treeless (without trees).

treelet treelets n
drzewko
a small tree

treestand treestands n
ambona
An open or enclosed platform secured to trees to provide a vantage point for hunters.

trefoil /ˈtɹiː.fɔɪl/ /ˈtɹɛ.fɔɪl/ trefoils n
koniczyna
Any of several plants of the pea family, having compound, trifoliate leaves; especially one of the genus Trifolium.
trójliść
A symbol having the shape of such leaves, especially when used as an architectural ornament.

trekking trekkings n
trekking
Walking in the countryside for pleasure or sport, usually for a longer period of time than for hiking.

trellis /ˈtɹɛlɪs/ trellises n
trejaż treliaż
An outdoor garden frame that can be used to grow vines or other climbing plants.

trematode /ˈtrɛm.ə.təʊd/ /ˈtrɛm.əˌtoʊd/ trematodes n
przywra

tremble /ˈtɹɛmbl̩/ v
drżeć
(intransitive) To shake, quiver, or vibrate.
(intransitive, figurative) To fear; to be afraid.

tremor /ˈtɹiːmə(ɹ)/ /ˈtɹɛmə/ /ˈtɹɛmɚ/ /ˈtɹɪmɚ/ tremors n
drżenie
A shake, quiver, or vibration.
drżenie tremor
(medicine) A rhythmic, uncontrollable shaking of all or part of the body due to partial muscle contractions.
wstrząs
An earthquake.

tremor /ˈtɹiːmə(ɹ)/ /ˈtɹɛmə/ /ˈtɹɛmɚ/ /ˈtɹɪmɚ/ v
drżeć
To shake or quiver excessively and rapidly or involuntarily; to tremble.

trench /t(ʃ)ɹɛnt͡ʃ/ /t(ʃ)ɹɛnʃ/ trenches n
okop rów
A long, narrow ditch or hole dug in the ground.
okop rów transzeja
(military) A narrow excavation as used in warfare, as a cover for besieging or emplaced forces.

trench foot n
stopa immersyjna stopa okopowa
A medical condition which can affect the feet when they are constantly cold and wet, similar to frostbite.

trench warfare n
wojna pozycyjna
(uncountable) Warfare in which opposing sides occupy trenches and repeatedly fire at one another; usually involving high casualty rates over a long period of time.

trend /tɹɛnd/ trends n
tendencja trend
An inclination in a particular direction.
trend
A fad or fashion style.
(mathematics) A line drawn on a graph that approximates the trend of a number of disparate points.

trendsetter trendsetters n
trendsetter trendsetterka
someone who starts a trend, or makes one more popular

trendy /ˈtɹɛndi/ trendier trendiest adj
trendy
(slang) Of, or in accordance with the latest trend, fashion or hype.

trepanation /tɹɛpəˈneɪʃən/ trepanations n
trepanacja
The practice of drilling a hole in the skull as a physical, mental, or spiritual treatment.

trepidation /ˌtɹɛp.ɪˈdeɪ.ʃən/ trepidations n
obawa trwoga
An involuntary trembling, sometimes an effect of paralysis, but usually caused by terror or fear.
(astronomy, obsolete) A libration of the starry sphere in the Ptolemaic system; a motion ascribed to the firmament, to account for certain small changes in the position of the ecliptic and of the stars.

treshchotka n
kołatka
an old Russian percussion instrument

trey /tɹeɪ/ treys n
dryja
(cards, dice, dominoes) A score of three in cards, dice, or dominoes.

treyf /tɹeɪf/ adj
trefny
(Judaism, of food) Not kosher.

tri- /tɹaɪ/ prefix
trój-
three

triacontadigon triacontadigons n
32[[kąt|-okąt]] wielokąt z trzydziestoma dwoma kątami
(geometry) A polygon with thirty-two sides and thirty-two angles.

triacontagon triacontagons n
30[[kąt|-okąt]]
(geometry) A polygon with thirty sides.

triacontahedron triacontahedra triacontahedrons n
30[[ściana|-ościan]]
A polyhedron with 30 faces.

triacontane triacontanes n
triakontan

triacontatetragon triacontatetragons n
34-okąt
(geometry) A polygon with thirty four sides and thirty four angles.

trial /ˈtɹaɪəl/ [tɹaɪəl] adj
próbny
Pertaining to a trial or test.
Attempted on a provisional or experimental basis.

trial /ˈtɹaɪəl/ [tɹaɪəl] trials n
próba rozprawa proces test
A meeting or series of meetings in a court of law at which evidence is presented to a judge (and sometimes a jury) to allow them to decide on a legal matter (especially whether an accused person is guilty of a crime).
próba test
(archaic) The action of trying (to do) something, especially more than once. (This sense is still current in the expression trial and error.)

trial and error trials and errors n
metoda prób i błędów
The process of finding a solution to a problem by trying many possible solutions and learning from mistakes until success is attained.

trial balloon /ˌtɹaɪəl bəˈlun/ /ˌtɹaɪəl bəˈluːn/ trial balloons n
balon próbny
(idiomatic, figuratively) An idea, suggestion, or prospective action, product, etc., offered to an audience or group in order to test whether it generates acceptance or interest.

trial by fire trials by fire n
próba ognia
(idiomatic, by extension) Any ordeal which tests one's strength, endurance or resolve.

trialogue trialogues n
rozmowa trójstronna
A conversation or talk between three people.
(European Union) An informal tripartite meeting attended by representatives of the European Parliament, the Council of the European Union, and the European Commission.

triangle /ˈtɹaɪəŋɡəl/ /ˈtɹaɪˌæŋɡəl/ triangles n
trójkąt
(geometry) A polygon with three sides and three angles.
(music) A percussion instrument made by forming a metal rod into a triangular shape which is open at one angle. It is suspended from a string and hit with a metal bar to make a resonant sound.

triangle inequality pn
nierówność trójkąta
(analysis) The inequality that states that the magnitude of the sum of two vectors is less than or equal to the sum of the magnitudes of the vectors, or any equivalent inequality in other spaces.

triangular /tɹaɪˈaɪŋ.ɡjʊ.lɚ/ /tɹaɪˈæŋ.ɡjə.lə/ /tɹaɪˈæŋ.ɡjə.lɚ/ /tɹaɪˈæŋ.ɡjʊ.lə/ more triangular most triangular adj
trójkątowy
Of, or pertaining to, triangles.
trójkątny
Having a triangle as a base; as, a triangular prism, a triangular pyramid.

triangular number triangular numbers n
liczba trójkątna
(mathematics) Any integer that is the sum of n natural numbers from 1 to n.

triangularly adv
trójkątnie

triangulation /tɹʌɪaŋɡjʊˈleɪʃn̩/ /ˌtɹaɪˌæŋɡjəˈleɪʃən/ triangulations n
triangulacja
(uncountable, surveying) A technique in which distances and directions are estimated from an accurately measured baseline and the principles of trigonometry; (countable) an instance of the use of this technique.

triathlon /tɹaɪˈæθlɒn/ /tɹaɪˈæθəˌlɑn/ /tɹaɪˈæθˌlɑn/ triathlons n
triathlon triatlon
An athletics event in which contestants compete in swimming, cycling and running in turn.

tribe /tɹaɪb/ tribes n
plemię ród
A socially cohesive group of people within a society.

tribemate tribemates n
plemiennik

tribesman tribesmen n
plemiennik
A (usually male) member of a tribe.

triboluminescence n
tryboluminescencja
The production of light by friction.

tribulation /ˌtɹɪbjəˈleɪ̯ʃən/ /ˌtɹɪbjʊˈleɪ̯ʃən/ tribulations n
czas próby nieszczęście ucisk
Any adversity; a trying period or event.

tribunal /tɹaɪˈbjunəl/ /tɹaɪˈbjuːnəl/ /tɹəˈbjunəl/ /tɹɪˈbjuːnəl/ tribunals n
trybunał sąd
(legal) An assembly including one or more judges to conduct judicial business; a court of law.

tribune /tɹɪˈbjuːn/ /ˈtɹɪbjuːn/ tribunes n
trybun
(historical) An elected official in Ancient Rome, a tribune of the plebs.
trybun rzecznik
(figurative) A protector of the people.
trybuna
(uncommon) Synonym of pulpit, a platform, a place or opportunity to express one's opinion

tribune of the plebs tribunes of the plebs n
trybun ludowy

tributary /ˈtɹɪbjʊtəɹi/ tributaries n
dopływ
(hydrology) A natural water stream that flows into a larger river or other body of water.

tribute /ˈtɹɪbjuːt/ tributes n
hołd wyrazy uznania
An acknowledgment of gratitude, respect or admiration; an accompanying gift.
danina trybut
A payment made by one nation to another in submission.
A payment made by a feudal vassal to his lord.

tricameralism n
trikameralizm
(government) The practice of having three legislative or parliamentary chambers.

tricenarian tricenarians n
trzydziestolatek trzydziestolatka
A person in their thirties, a person aged between 30 and 39 years (inclusive).

triceratops /tɹaɪˈsɛɹətɒps/ triceratopses n
triceratops
Common name of the extinct genus Triceratops; herbivorous ceratopsids from the late Cretaceous.

trichinosis /tɹɪkəˈnoʊsɪs/ trichinoses n
włośnica
(pathology) A disease characterized by headache, chills, fever, and soreness of muscles, caused by the presence of nematodes of genus Trichinella in the intestines and muscular tissues.

trichology /tɹʌɪˈkɒləd͡ʒi/ n
trychologia
The science or study of hair.

trichomoniasis trichomoniases n
rzęsistkowica
(disease) A common sexually transmitted disease caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis and infecting the urinary tract or vagina.

trichotillomania n
trichotillomania
A medical disorder where someone compulsively pulls their own hair out.

trick /tɹɪk/ [tʃɹ̠̊ɪk] [t̠ʰɹ̠̊ɪk] tricks n
chwyt fortel sposób sztuczka trik
An effective, clever or quick way of doing something.
lewa wziątka
(card games) A sequence in which each player plays a card and a winning play is determined.

trick of the trade tricks of the trade n
tajemnica handlowa
(idiomatic, mostly, in the plural) A shortcut or other quick, or very effective way of doing things, that professional workers learn from experience.

trick or treat interjection
cukierek albo psikus
Give us a treat. A form of light-hearted extortion by which children get candy on Halloween.

trick question trick questions n
podchwytliwe pytanie
A question that tries to make someone answer in a certain way, usually incorrectly (i.e. that seems to have an obvious answer that is however incorrect), or that doesn't have a correct answer or that hides the real question or some difficulty. Usually a loaded question.
(rare) A complex question, whose wording hinders the ability to answer it correctly.

tricky /ˈtɹɪk.i/ trickier trickiest adj
podchwytliwy
Hard to deal with, complicated.

tricolour /ˈtraɪˌkʌlə/ /ˈtraɪˌkʌlɚ/ /ˈtrɪkələ, -lɔː/ adj
trójkolorowy trójbarwny
Having three colours.

tricolour /ˈtraɪˌkʌlə/ /ˈtraɪˌkʌlɚ/ /ˈtrɪkələ, -lɔː/ tricolours n
trójkolorowy flaga trójkolorowa
A flag consisting of three stripes that are either vertical or horizontal; all of equal size, and of a different colour each.

tricot /ˈtɹikoʊ/ tricots n
trykot
A soft knit fabric.

tricycle /ˈtɹaɪsɪkəl/ /ˈtɹaɪˌsɪkəl/ tricycles n
trycykl
A cycle with three wheels, powered by pedals and usually intended for young children.

tridactyl adj
trójpalczasty

tridecagon tridecagons n
trzynastokąt
A polygon having thirteen sides and thirteen angles.

tridecagonal adj
mający trzynaście kątów
(geometry) Having thirteen sides and angles, similar to a tridecagon.

tridecahedron tridecahedra tridecahedrons n
trzynastościan

tridecane tridecanes n
tridekan
(organic compound) Any of very many isomeric saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having thirteen carbon atoms, but especially n-tridecane, CH3(CH2)11CH3

trident /ˈtɹaɪ̯dənt/ tridents n
trójząb
A three-pronged spear somewhat resembling a pitchfork.

triduum /ˈtraɪ.dju.əm/ /ˈtɹɪ.dju.əm/ tridua triduums n
triduum
A period of three days (especially in Roman Catholic liturgy).

tridymite tridymites n
trydymit
(mineral) A rare mineral of volcanic rocks that solidified at a high temperature, with the chemical composition silicon dioxide, SiO2. Tridymite is chemically identical to quartz, but has a different crystal structure. Sometimes contains sodium aluminum silicate, which seems to be expelled when quartz solidifies at lower temperatures.

triennial /tɹaɪˈɛniəl/ adj
cotrzyletni
Happening every three years.
trzyletni
Lasting for three years.

triennium /traɪˈɛniəm/ /trʌɪˈɛnɪəm/ triennia trienniums n
trzylecie
A period of three years.

triexponential adj
[[trzy-]]wykładniczy

trifle /ˈtɹaɪfəl/ trifles n
bagatela drobiazg betka bzdet błahostka fraszka
(figurative) Anything that is of little importance or worth.

trifoliate /tɹaɪˈfəʊlɪət/ adj
trójlistkowy trójlistny
(chiefly, botany) Having or comprising three leaves, or (loosely) trifoliolate (with three leaflets) or having leaves with three parts, as the clover plant.

trifunctional adj
trzyfunkcyjny
(organic chemistry) Having three functional groups

trigeminal nerve trigeminal nerves n
nerw trójdzielny
(neuroanatomy) Each of the fifth and largest pair of cranial nerves responsible for sensation and motor function in the face and mouth.

trigger /ˈtɹɪɡə/ /ˈtɹɪɡɚ/ triggers n
cyngiel spust
(firearms) A finger-operated lever used to fire a gun.
spust wyzwalacz
A similar device used to activate any mechanism.
wyzwalacz
(databases) An SQL procedure that may be initiated when a record is inserted, updated or deleted; typically used to maintain referential integrity.

trigger /ˈtɹɪɡə/ /ˈtɹɪɡɚ/ v
pociągać za spust
(transitive) To fire a weapon.
powodować wywoływać
(transitive) To initiate something.
powodować wyzwalać
(transitive, figurative) To spark a response, especially a negative emotional response, in (someone).

triggerfish triggerfish triggerfishes n
rogatnica
Any of several brightly coloured fish, of the family Balistidae, that inhabit tropical reefs and have an erectile spine on the dorsal fin.

trigonometric /ˌtɹɪɡ ə nəˈmɛ tɹɪk/ adj
trygonometryczny
(mathematics) of, relating to, or constructed using trigonometry

trigonometric function trigonometric functions n
funkcja trygonometryczna
(trigonometry) Any function of an angle expressible as the ratio of two of the sides of a right triangle that has that angle (e.g., sine), or that subtracts 1 from such a ratio or subtracts such a ratio from 1 (e.g., coversed sine).

trigonometric identity trigonometric identities n
tożsamość trygonometryczna

trigonometry /ˌtɹɪɡəˈnɒmətɹi/ trigonometries n
trygonometria
(geometry, analysis) The branch of mathematics that deals with the relationships between the sides and angles of (in particular) right-angled triangles, as represented by the trigonometric functions, and with calculations based on said relationships.

trigraph trigraphs n
trójznak
(linguistics) A specific sequence of three letters, especially one used collectively to represent a single phoneme.

trihedron trihedra trihedrons n
trójścian
(mathematics) A geometric figure composed of three planes meeting at a single vertex.

trilingual more trilingual most trilingual adj
trzyjęzyczny trójjęzyczny
Able to read or speak three languages.
Expressed or written in three languages.

trilingualism n
trzyjęzyczność trójjęzyczność
The condition of being trilingual; the ability to speak three languages.

trill /tɹɪl/ [t̠ʰɹ̠̊ɪl] trills n
tryl trel
(music) A rapid alternation between an indicated note and the one above it as an ornament; in musical notation usually indicated with the letters tr written above the staff.
tryl spółgłoska drżąca trel
(phonetics) A type of consonantal sound that is produced by vibrations of the tongue against the place of articulation: for example, Spanish ⟨rr⟩, /r/.

trillion /ˈtɹɪljən/ trillions numeral
bilion trylion
(dated, _, British, Australian, long scale) A million million million: 1 followed by eighteen zeros, 1018.

trillionaire /ˌtɹɪl.i.əˈnɛə(ɹ)/ /ˌtɹɪl.jəˈnɛɚ/ trillionaires n
bilioner
Somebody whose wealth is greater than one trillion (1012) dollars, or other currency.

trillionth /ˈtɹɪl.i.ənθ/ adj
bilionowy

trilobite /ˈtɹaɪ.ləˌbaɪt/ trilobites n
trylobit
An extinct arthropod of the class Trilobita, whose body had three large lobes.

trilogy /ˈtɹɪləd͡ʒi/ trilogies n
trylogia trójksiąg
A set of three works of art that are connected, and that can be seen either as a single work or as three individual works. They are commonly found in literature, film, or video games.

trim /tɹɪm/ [t̠ʰɹ̠̊ɪm] v
trymować
(transitive, nautical, of a vessel) To modify the angle relative to the water by shifting cargo or ballast; to adjust for sailing; to assume, or cause to assume a certain position, or trim, in the water.
(transitive) To make trim; to put in due order for any purpose; to make right, neat, or pleasing; to adjust.

trimaran trimarans n
trimaran trzykadłubowiec
A type of boat with three parallel hulls.

trimester /tɹ(a)ɪˈmɛs.tə(ɹ)/ /tɹaɪˈmɛs.təɹ/ /ˈtɹ(a)ɪ.mɛs.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈtɹaɪ.mɛs.təɹ/ trimesters n
trymestr
A period of three months or about three months; (financial): quarter.
One of the terms of an academic year in those learning institutions that divide their teaching in three roughly equal terms, each about three months long. Compare semester.

trinitarianism trinitarianisms n
trynitarianizm trynitaryzm
(theology) The monotheistic Christian doctrine that defines God as three divine persons or hypostases: the Father, the Son (Jesus Christ), and the Holy Spirit.

trinitrotoluene trinitrotoluenes n
trotyl
A highly explosive yellow crystalline substance, (CH3C6H2(NO2)3), obtained by reacting nitric acid with toluene

trinity /ˈtɹɪnɪti/ trinities n
trójca trójjedność
A group or set of three people or things; three things combined into one.

trinket /ˈtɹɪŋkət/ /ˈtɹɪŋkɪt/ trinkets n
błyskotka
A small showy ornament or piece of jewelry

trinomial trinomials n
trójmian
(algebra) An expression consisting of three terms.

trio /ˈtɹi.əʊ/ /ˈtɹioʊ/ trios n
tercet trio
A group of three people or things.
trio tercet
A group of three musicians.
(music) A piece of music written for three musicians.

triolet /ˈtriːə(ʊ)lɛt/ /ˈtrʌɪəlɛt/ triolets n
triolet
(poetry) An eight-line poem whose rhyme scheme is ABaAabAB and whose lines are in iambic tetrameter.

trip /tɹɪp/ [tʰɹɪpʰ] trips n
podróż wycieczka
A journey; an excursion or jaunt.
potknięcie
A stumble or misstep.
haj kop odjazd odlot odurzenie trip
(colloquial) A period of time in which one experiences drug-induced reverie or hallucinations.

trip /tɹɪp/ [tʰɹɪpʰ] v
być na haju latać mieć odlot
(intransitive) To experience a state of reverie or to hallucinate, due to consuming psychoactive drugs.

tripartite /tɹaɪˈpɑɹtaɪt/ /tɹaɪˈpɑːtaɪt/ adj
trójdzielny
In three parts.
trzyczęściowy trójstronny
Done by three parties (as an agreement).

tripartition tripartitions n
roztrojenie
A division by threes, or into three parts; the taking of a third part of any number or quantity.

tripe /tɹaɪp/ tripes n
flaki
The lining of the large stomach of ruminating animals, when prepared for food.
flak wnętrzności
(chiefly, in plural) The entrails; hence, humorously or in contempt, the belly.
chałtura szmira wypociny
(figurative, derogatory) Something foolish or valueless, especially written works and popular entertainment (movies, television).

triphosphate triphosphates n
trójfosforan
(chemistry) Any salt or ester containing three phosphate groups.

triphthong /ˈtɹɪfˌθɑŋ/ /ˈtɹɪfˌθɒŋ(ɡ)/ /ˈtɹɪfˌθɔŋ/ /ˈtɹɪpˌθɑŋ/ /ˈtɹɪpˌθɒŋ(ɡ)/ /ˈtɹɪpˌθɔŋ/ triphthongs n
tryftong trójgłoska
A monosyllabic vowel combination usually involving a quick but smooth movement from one vowel to another that passes over a third one.

triplane triplanes n
trójpłat trójpłatowiec
(aviation) An airplane that has three pairs of wings, one above the others

triple /ˈtɹɪp.l̩/ /ˈtɹɪpəl/ adj
potrójny
Made up of three related elements, often matching
Of three times the quantity.
Folded in three; composed of three layers.
Having three aspects.
trzyosobowy
Designed for three users.

triple /ˈtɹɪp.l̩/ /ˈtɹɪpəl/ triples n
potrojenie
Three times or thrice the number, amount, size, etc..

triple /ˈtɹɪp.l̩/ /ˈtɹɪpəl/ v
potrajać potroić troić
To multiply by three.

triple jump n
trójskok
An athletics field event where one has to travel as far as possible after taking one hop, a step, then a jump.

triple jumper triple jumpers n
trójskoczek trójskoczkini
(athletics) An athlete who competes in the triple jump.

triple point triple points n
punkt potrójny
(physics) The unique temperature and pressure at which the solid, liquid and gas phases of a substance are all in equilibrium.

triplet /ˈtɹɪ.pə.lɛt/ /ˈtɹɪplət/ triplets n
trojaczek
One of a group of three siblings born at the same time to the same mother.

triplicate /ˈtɹɪp.lɪ.keɪt/ /ˈtɹɪp.lɪ.kət/ triplicates n
tryplikat trzecia kopia
(countable) Each of a set of three identical objects or copies.

triplicate /ˈtɹɪp.lɪ.keɪt/ /ˈtɹɪp.lɪ.kət/ v
wykonać w trzech egzemplarzach
(transitive) To make three identical copies of something.
potroić
(transitive) To triple.

tripod /ˈtɹaɪpɑd/ /ˈtɹaɪpɒd/ tripods n
statyw trójnóg tripod
A three-legged stand or mount.

triptych /ˈtɹɪptɪk/ triptychs n
tryptyk
(arts) A picture or series of pictures painted on three tablets connected by hinges.

trireme /ˈtɹaɪ.ɹiːm/ triremes n
trirema tryrema
(history, nautical, archaic) A galley with three banks of oars, one above the other, used mainly as a warship.

trisect v
roztrajać roztroić
(transitive) to cut into three pieces

trisomic adj
trójchromosomowy
(genetics) Having three copies of a given chromosome in each somatic cell instead of the usual number of two

trisomy 21 n
trisomia 21
The presence of three copies of the 21st chromosome in the karyotype.

tritheism tritheisms n
tryteizm
A belief in three gods, especially the nontrinitarian doctrine that God the Son, God the Father, and the Holy Spirit are separate gods which is condemned as heresy by most Christian denominations.

triticale /ˌtɹɪtɪˈkeɪli/ triticales n
pszenżyto
(uncountable) A grain crop, a hybrid of wheat and rye, that gives a high yield.
(countable) Any particular variety of triticale.

tritium /ˈtrɪʃi.əm/ /ˈtɹɪti.əm/ tritiums n
tryt
(isotope) A radioactive isotope of the element hydrogen (symbol T or 31H) having one proton and two neutrons.

triton tritons n
tryton
(particle) the nucleus of a tritium atom, consisting of a proton and two neutrons

tritone /ˈtɹaɪˌtoʊn/ /ˈtɹaɪˌtəʊ̯n/ [ˈt̠ɹ̠̊˔ʷaɪˌtʰoʊ̯n] [ˈt̠͡ʃɹ̠̊˔ʷäɪˌtʰoʊ̯n] tritones n
tryton
(music) An interval of three whole tones.

triumph /ˈtɹaɪ.əmf/ /ˈtɹaɪ.ʌmf/ triumphs n
triumf tryumf
A conclusive success following an effort, conflict, or confrontation of obstacles; victory; conquest.

triumphal arch triumphal arches n
łuk triumfalny
A monumental arch that commemorates a victory.

triumphalism triumphalisms n
triumfalizm
The attitude or belief that a particular doctrine, culture, or social system, particularly a religious or political one, is superior and that it will or should triumph over all others.

triumvirate /tɹaɪ.ˈʌm.vəɹ.ɪt/ triumvirates n
triumwirat
An official group of three people, especially a ruling council of three men and particularly (historical) two such councils in Roman history.

triune adj
trójjedyny
Both three and one at the same time.

trivalent /traɪˈveɪlənt/ adj
trójwartościowy
(inorganic chemistry) Having a valence of three.

trivia /ˈtɹɪvi.ə/ trivia trivias n
ciekawostka
Insignificant trifles of little importance, especially items of unimportant information.

trivial /ˈtɹɪv.i.əl/ more trivial most trivial adj
trywialny bagatelny błahy
Ignorable; of little significance or value.
trywialny
Commonplace, ordinary.

triviality /ˌtɹɪviˈæləti/ trivialities n
bagatelność błahość trywialność
The quality of being trivial or unimportant.
bagatela
Something which is trivial or unimportant.

trivially adv
bagatelnie błaho
In a trivial manner.

trocar /ˈtɹəʊkɑː(ɹ)/ trocars n
trokar
A pointed hollow cylindrical device used to make small incisions and surgically insert cannulas, etc., into body cavities, or to aspirate fluids.

trochanter trochanters n
krętarz
(anatomy) In vertebrates with legs, the end of the femur near the hip joint, not including the head or neck.
In some arthropods, the second segment of the leg, between the coxa and the femur.

trochee /ˈtɹəʊki/ trochees n
trochej
A metrical foot in verse consisting of a stressed or heavy syllable followed by an unstressed or light syllable.

troglodyte /ˈtɹɒɡlədaɪt/ /ˈtɹɒɡləʊdaɪt/ /ˈt͡ʃɹɑɡloʊdaɪt/ /ˈt͡ʃɹɑɡlədaɪt/ troglodytes n
troglodyta
A reclusive, reactionary or out-of-date person, especially if brutish.

troika /ˈtɹɔɪ.kə/ troikas troiki n
trojka trójka
A Russian carriage drawn by a team of three horses abreast.

troll /tɹoʊl/ /tɹɑl/ /tɹɒl/ /tɹəʊl/ trolls n
troll
Originally (Scandinavia, mythology) , a giant supernatural being; now (European folklore, fantasy) , a grotesque humanoid creature living in caves or hills or under bridges. [from early 17th c.]
(figurative, originally, Internet slang) A person who makes or posts inflammatory or insincere statements in an attempt to lure others into combative argument for purposes of personal entertainment or to manipulate their perception, especially in an online community or discussion; also, such a statement. [from late 20th c.]
(by extension, politics) A person who sows discord, or spreads misinformation or propaganda, in order to promote an agenda as part of an organized political campaign.

troll /tɹoʊl/ /tɹɑl/ /tɹɒl/ /tɹəʊl/ v
strollować trollować
(figurative, originally, Internet slang) To make or post inflammatory or insincere statements in an attempt to lure (someone) into combative argument for purposes of personal entertainment or to manipulate their perception, especially in an online community or discussion; also, to post such statements on (an online location, such as a social media website). [from late 20th c.]

trolley trolleys trollies n
wózek suwnicowy
A trolley pole; a single-pole device for collecting electrical current from an overhead electrical line, normally for a tram/streetcar or a trolleybus.

trolley bus trolley buses trolley busses n
trolejbus
A bus, powered via overhead electric cables, that does not run on tracks.

trolling /tɹoʊlɪŋ/ /tɹɒlɪŋ/ /tɹəʊlɪŋ/ trollings n
trolling
A fishing technique in which one or more baited fishing lines are dragged by a moving boat. Not to be confused with trawling, which drags a net#Noun.

trombone /tɹəmˈboʊn/ /tɹəmˈbəʊn/ /ˌtɹɑmˈboʊn/ /ˌtɹɒmˈbəʊn/ trombones tromboni n
puzon
A musical instrument in the brass family, having a cylindrical bore, and usually a sliding tube (but sometimes piston valves, and rarely both). Most often refers to the tenor trombone, which is the most common type of trombone and has a fundamental tone of B♭ˌ (contra B♭).

trombonist /tɹɑmˈboʊ.nɪst/ /tɹɒmˈbəʊ.nɪst/ trombonists n
puzonista puzonistka
A person who plays the trombone.

trompe l'oeil /-ˈleɪ/ /ˈtɹɔmp ˈlɔɪ/ /ˈtɹɔ̃p ˈlœj/ trompe l’oeil trompe l’oeils n
trompe l’oeil
(uncountable) A genre of painting that exploits human vision to create the illusion that the subject of the painting is real.
(countable) A painting of this kind.

troop /tɹup/ /tɹuːp/ troops n
oddział
(mostly, in the plural) A group of soldiers; military forces.
(nonstandard) An individual soldier or member of a military force.

trophy /ˈtɹoʊfi/ /ˈtɹəʊfi/ trophies n
trofeum
An object, usually in the form of a statuette, cup, or shield, awarded for success in a competition or to mark a special achievement.

tropic /ˈtɹɒpɪk/ tropics n
zwrotnik
Either of the two parallels of latitude 23°27′ north and south of the equator; the farthest points at which the sun can be directly overhead; the boundaries of the torrid zone or tropics.

tropical /ˈtɹoʊ.pɪ.kəl/ /ˈtɹɑ.pɪ.kəl/ /ˈtɹɒp.ɪ.kəl/ /ˈtɹəʊ.pɪ.kəl/ /ˈt͡ʃɹɒp.ɪ.kəl/ more tropical most tropical adj
tropikalny
From, or similar to, a hot, humid climate.
tropikalny zwrotnikowy
(dated) Pertaining to, involving, or of the nature of a trope or tropes; figurative, metaphorical.

tropical cyclone tropical cyclones n
cyklon tropikalny
(in the broad sense) a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, strong winds, and a circular/spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain, ranging in increasing strength from tropical depressions and tropical storm to hurricanes.
(in the narrow sense) typhoon, hurricane

tropical storm tropical storms n
burza tropikalna
A cyclone within the tropics, typically having its thunderclouds organized in a spiral shape with wind speeds on the surface between about 30 and 75 miles (60–120 km) per hour.

tropicamide /tɹəʊˈpɪk.ə.mʌɪd/ /tɹəˈpɪk.əˌmaɪd/ n
tropikamid
(pharmaceutical drug) A short-acting anticholinergic drug, used to produce dilatation of the pupil and cycloplegia during examination of the eye.

tropicbird /ˈtɹɒ.pɪkˌbɜɹd/ tropicbirds n
faeton

tropics n
tropiki
(geography) The region of the Earth centred on the equator and lying between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn and characterized by a hot climate.

tropism /ˈtɹoʊˌpɪzəm/ /ˈtɹəʊpɪz(ə)m/ tropisms n
tropizm
(uncountable, biology) The turning of an organism (chiefly a plant) or part of an organism either towards or away from a stimulus; (countable) an instance of this.

troposphere tropospheres n
troposfera
The lower levels of the atmosphere extending from the surface of the Earth or another celestial body up to the tropopause. It is characterized by convective air movements and a large vertical temperature change.

trot /tɹɑt/ /tɹɒt/ trots n
kłus
(chiefly, of horses) A gait of a four-legged animal between walk and canter, a diagonal gait (in which diagonally opposite pairs of legs move together).

trot /tɹɑt/ /tɹɒt/ v
kłusować pokłusować
(intransitive) To move along briskly; specifically, to move at a pace between a walk and a run.
(intransitive, of a horse) To move at a gait between a walk and a canter.

troubadour troubadours n
trubadur
An itinerant composer and performer of songs in medieval Europe; a jongleur or travelling minstrel.

trouble /ˈtɹə-/ /ˈtɹʌb(ə)l/ troubles n
kłopoty bieda nieprzyjemność przykrość
A distressing or dangerous situation.
problem kłopot trudność
A difficulty, problem, condition, or action contributing to such a situation.
trud
Efforts taken or expended, typically beyond the normal required.

trouble /ˈtɹə-/ /ˈtɹʌb(ə)l/ v
przeszkadzać dokuczać niepokoić
(transitive) To mentally distress; to cause (someone) to be anxious or perplexed.

trouble in paradise troubles in paradise n
kłopoty w raju
(idiomatic) An unexpected problem in a supposedly positive situation, especially in a marital or romantic relationship.

trouble-free adj
bezproblemowy
Without trouble.

troublemaker troublemakers n
awanturnica awanturnik mąciwoda
One who causes trouble, especially one who does so deliberately.

troublesome /ˈtɹʌbl̩səm/ /ˈtɹʌbəlsəm/ more troublesome most troublesome adj
kłopotliwy
Causing trouble or anxiety

trough /tɹɑf/ /tɹɑθ/ /tɹɒf/ /tɹɔf/ /tɹɔθ/ troughs n
koryto żłób
A long, narrow container, open on top, for feeding or watering animals.
rów
A short, narrow canal designed to hold water until it drains or evaporates.
rynna
(Canada) A gutter under the eaves of a building; an eaves trough.
dolina
A long, narrow depression between waves or ridges; the low portion of a wave cycle.
niż zatoka
(meteorology) A linear atmospheric depression associated with a weather front.

trouser leg trouser legs n
nogawka

trousseau /ˈtɹuˌsoʊ/ /ˈtɹuːsəʊ/ trousseaus trousseaux n
wyprawa
The clothes and linen, etc., that a bride collects or that is given to her for her wedding and married life, especially a traditional or formal set of these.

trout /tɹaʊt/ /tɹʌʊt/ trout trouts n
pstrąg
Any of several species of fish in Salmonidae, closely related to salmon, and distinguished by spawning more than once.

trowel /ˈtɹaʊ.əl/ trowels n
kielnia
A mason’s tool, used in spreading and dressing mortar, and breaking bricks to shape them.
łopatka
A gardener’s tool, shaped like a scoop, used in taking up plants, stirring soil etc.

truancy truancies n
wagary wagarowanie
The act of shirking from responsibilities and duties, especially from attending school.

truant /ˈtɹuənt/ /ˈtɹuːənt/ truants n
wagarowicz
(specifically) A student who is absent from school without permission; hence (figurative) , a person who shirks or wanders from business or duty.

truce /tɹus/ /tɹuːs/ truces n
rozejm zawieszenie broni
A period of time in which no fighting takes place due to an agreement between the opposed parties.
rozejm
An agreement between opposed parties in which they pledge to cease fighting for a limited time.

truck /tɹʌk/ [tɹʌk] [t͡ʃɹʌk] trucks n
ciężarówka samochód ciężarowy
(countable, uncountable, US, Australia) A heavier motor vehicle designed to carry goods or to pull a semi-trailer designed to carry goods.

truck driver truck drivers n
kierowca ciężarówki
(US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand) A person employed to drive a truck, especially a tractor-trailer or other large industrial truck.

true /tɹjuː/ /tɹuː/ /tɹɪʊ̯/ [t̠ɹ̠̊˔ʷu̠ː] more true most true truer truest adj
prawdziwy istny
(of a statement) Conforming to the actual state of reality or fact; factually correct.
prawdziwy
(logic) Of the state in Boolean logic that indicates an affirmative or positive result.
Genuine; legitimate, valid.

true bug true bugs n
pluskwiak
Any of various insects of the order Hemiptera and in particular of the suborder Heteroptera, that are wingless or have two pairs of wings, and have mouthparts adapted for piercing and sucking.

true or false adj
mający pytania rodzaju prawda czy fałsz
Of a question or series of questions having as answers only "true" or "false"

true to life adj
realistyczny
(of a model) Having the same dimensions as the original.
z życia wzięty
Realistic; natural.

truffle /ˈtɹʌf.l̩/ truffles n
trufla
Any of various edible fungi, of the genus Tuber, that grow in the soil in southern Europe; the earthnut.

truffle hog truffle hogs n
świnia na trufle
A domestic pig used for extraction of truffles.

truism truisms n
truizm
A self-evident or obvious truth.

truly /ˈtɹuːli/ more truly most truly trulier truliest adv
naprawdę autentycznie prawdziwie serio szczerze
(manner) In accordance with the facts; truthfully, accurately.
(modal) Honestly, genuinely, in fact, really.
naprawdę
(degree) Very.

trump /tɹʌmp/ [t͡ʃɹʌmp] trumps n
atut atu kozera
(cards) The suit, in a game of cards, that outranks all others.
atut as atutowy
(figuratively) Something that gives one an advantage, especially one held in reserve.

trump /tɹʌmp/ [t͡ʃɹʌmp] v
atutować
(transitive, cards) To play on (a card of another suit) with a trump.
(intransitive, cards) To play a trump, or to take a trick with a trump.
bić na głowę
(transitive) To get the better of, or finesse, a competitor.
wypierać wyprzeć
(transitive) To supersede.

trumpet /ˈtɹʌmpɪt/ trumpets n
trąbka trąba
A musical instrument of the brass family, generally tuned to the key of B-flat; by extension, any type of lip-vibrated aerophone, most often valveless and not chromatic.
trębacz
Someone who plays the trumpet; a trumpeter.
trąbienie
The cry of an elephant, or any similar loud cry.
(figurative) One who praises, or propagates praise, or is the instrument of propagating it.

trumpet /ˈtɹʌmpɪt/ v
grać na trąbce
(intransitive) To play the trumpet.
trąbić
(ambitransitive) Of an elephant, to make its cry.
(transitive) To proclaim loudly; to promote enthusiastically

trumpeter /ˈtɹʌmpɪtə/ /ˈtɹʌmpɪtɚ/ trumpeters n
trębacz trębaczka
Someone who plays a trumpet.
Any of three species of bird in the family Psophiidae from South America named for the trumpeting threat call of the males.

trumpeter finch trumpeter finches n
gilak pustynny
A species of finch, Bucanetes githagineus, known for its buzzing nasal trill

truncheon /ˈtɹʌnt͡ʃən/ /ˈtɹʌnʃən/ truncheons n
gumowa pałka policyjna pałka (policyjna)
A baton, or military staff of command, now especially the stick carried by a police officer.

trundle bed trundle beds n
wysuwanym łóżkiem
A low bed, designed to be rolled/stored away, usually on casters, under a higher bed, e.g. for temporary use by guests.

trunk /tɹʌŋk/ [tɹʌŋk] [t͡ʃɹʌŋk] trunks n
trąba
The conspicuously extended, mobile, nose-like organ of an animal such as a sengi, a tapir or especially an elephant. The trunks of various kinds of animals might be adapted to probing and sniffing, as in the sengis, or be partly prehensile, as in the tapir, or be a versatile prehensile organ for manipulation, feeding, drinking and fighting as in the elephant.
kufer bagażnik
(North America, automotive) The luggage storage compartment of a sedan/saloon-style car.
kufer skrzynia
A box or chest usually covered with leather, metal, or cloth, or sometimes made of leather, hide, or metal, for holding or transporting clothes or other goods.
magistrala
(US, telecommunications) A circuit between telephone switchboards or other switching equipment.
The main line or body of anything.
pień
(software engineering) In software projects under source control: the most current source tree, from which the latest unstable builds (so-called "trunk builds") are compiled.

trust /tɹʊst/ /tɹʌst/ [tɹɐst] [tɹʌst] [t͡ʃɹ-] trusts n
zaufanie
Confidence in or reliance on some person or quality.
trust
A group of businessmen or traders organised for mutual benefit to produce and distribute specific commodities or services, and managed by a central body of trustees.

trust /tɹʊst/ /tɹʌst/ [tɹɐst] [tɹʌst] [t͡ʃɹ-] v
ufać
(transitive) To place confidence in, to rely on, to confide in.
powierzać powierzyć
(intransitive) To have trust; to be credulous; to be won to confidence; to confide.

trust, but verify phraseologicalUnit
ufaj, ale sprawdzaj

trustworthy /ˈtɹʌst.wɜɹ.ði/ more trustworthy most trustworthy trustworthier trustworthiest adj
spolegliwy
Deserving of trust, reliable.

truth /tɹuːθ/ truths n
prawda
True facts, genuine depiction or statements of reality.
Conformity to fact or reality; correctness, accuracy.
That which is real, in a deeper sense; spiritual or ‘genuine’ reality.
(countable) Something acknowledged to be true; a true statement or axiom.
prawda wierność racja
The state or quality of being true to someone or something.

truth be told interjection
prawdę mówiąc
(idiomatic) Used when admitting something one might otherwise lie about, e.g. to keep up appearances or be polite.

truth table truth tables n
tablica prawdy
(logic) A table showing all possible truth values for an expression, derived from the truth values of its components.

truth value truth values n
wartość logiczna
(logic) A value indicating to what extent a statement is true; in classical logic, these are the values "true" and "false".

truthful /ˈtɹuːθ.f(ə)l/ more truthful most truthful adj
prawdomówny
Honest, and always telling the truth.

truthfulness /ˈtɹuθfəlnəs/ truthfulnesses n
prawdomówność
The quality of being truthful

try /tɹaɪ/ [tɹ̝̊aɪ̯] [t̠͡ɹ̠̊˔aɪ̯] [t̠͡ɹ̠̊˔ʷaɪ̯] [t͡ʃɹaɪ̯] tries n
próba
An attempt.

try /tɹaɪ/ [tɹ̝̊aɪ̯] [t̠͡ɹ̠̊˔aɪ̯] [t̠͡ɹ̠̊˔ʷaɪ̯] [t͡ʃɹaɪ̯] v
próbować testować
To prove by experiment; to apply a test to, for the purpose of determining the quality; to examine; to prove; to test.
próbować starać się
To settle; to decide; to determine; specifically, to decide by an appeal to arms.

try on v
przymierzać przymierzyć
(transitive) To test the look or fit of (a garment) by wearing it.

try one's hand v
próbować swoich sił spróbować swoich sił

try one's luck v
próbować szczęścia spróbować szczęścia

trypanosome trypanosomes n
trypanosom świdrowiec
Any of a group of protozoan parasites which are transmitted by biting insects and infect the blood of humans and other vertebrates; order Trypanosomatida in class Kinetoplastea

tryptophan /ˈtɹɪptə(ʊ)fæn/ tryptophans n
tryptofan
(amino acid) An essential amino acid having an indole side chain; it is present in many foods, especially chocolate, oats, bananas and milk; it is essential for normal growth and development and is the precursor of serotonin and niacin; any specific form of this compound, or any derivative of it.

tryst /tɹaɪst/ /tɹɪst/ trysts n
randka schadzka
A prearranged meeting or assignation, now especially between lovers to meet at a specific place and time.

tsar /(t)sɑɹ/ /(t)sɑː/ /tsɐː/ /zɐː/ /zɑɹ/ /zɑː/ tsars n
car
(historical) An emperor of Russia (1547 to 1917) and of some South Slavic states.

tsardom /ˈ(t)sɑː(ɹ)dəm/ /ˈzɑː(ɹ)dəm/ tsardoms n
carstwo
(countable) The territory ruled by a tsar.

tsarevich /(t)sɑːˈɹɛvɪtʃ/ /ˈ(t)sɑːɹəvɪtʃ/ /ˈzɑːɹəvɪtʃ/ tsareviches tsarevichi tsarevichs n
carewicz
A son of a tsar, a prince in Russia or Bulgaria.

tsarina /tsaˈɹiːnə/ /zaˈɹiːnə/ tsar tsarinas n
caryca
(historical) An empress of several Eastern European countries, especially Russia, or the wife of a tsar.

tsarism tsarisms n
carat caryzm
A system of government ruled by a tsar.

tsarist /ˈ(t)sɑːɹɪst/ /ˈzɑːɹɪst/ adj
carski
from the time of the tsar in Russia

tsetse /sitsi/ /sɛtsi/ /titsi/ /tsitsi/ /tsɛtsi/ /tɛtsi/ tsetse tsetses n
mucha tse-tse tse-tse
Any fly of the genus Glossina, native to Africa, that feeds on human and animal blood; known primarily as a carrier of parasitic trypanosomes.

tsunami /(t)suˈnæmi/ /(t)suˈnɑmi/ /(t)suːˈnɑːmi/ tsunami tsunamis n
tsunami
A very large and destructive wave, generally caused by a tremendous disturbance in the ocean, such as an undersea earthquake or volcanic eruption. Tsunami are usually a series of waves, or wave train.

tuatara /tuːəˈtɑːɹə/ tuatara tuataras n
hatteria tuatara łupkoząb
A reptile, Sphenodon punctatus, native to New Zealand, that resembles lizards and is the only surviving rhynchocephalian.

tuba /ˈtjuː.bə/ /ˈtu.bə/ tubae tubas n
tuba
(anatomy) A tube or tubular organ.

tubaist tubaists n
tubista
someone who plays the tuba

tubal ligation tubal ligations n
podwiązanie jajników podwiązanie jajowodów
(medicine) A surgical procedure for sterilization in which a woman's Fallopian tubes are blocked or severed.

tubby /ˈtʌbi/ tubbier tubbiest adj
baryłkowaty
stout, rotund

tube /tjuːb/ /tuːb/ /tʃuːb/ tubes n
tubka tuba
An approximately cylindrical container, usually with a crimped end and a screw top, used to contain and dispense semiliquid substances.
puszka
(Australia, slang) A tin can containing beer.
rura
(surfing) A wave which pitches forward when breaking, creating a hollow space inside.

tuber /tjuːbə(ɹ)/ /tubɚ/ tubers n
bulwa
A fleshy, thickened underground stem of a plant, usually containing stored starch, for example a potato or arrowroot.

tubercular more tubercular most tubercular adj
gruźliczy
Of, pertaining to, or having tuberculosis.

tuberculosis /tjuːˌbɜː(ɹ)kjʊˈləʊsɪs/ /tuˌbɚkjʊˈloʊsɪs/ tuberculoses n
gruźlica tuberkuloza suchoty
(pathology) An infectious disease of humans and animals caused by a species of mycobacterium, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis, mainly infecting the lungs where it causes tubercles characterized by the expectoration of mucus and sputum, fever, weight loss, and chest pain, and transmitted through inhalation or ingestion of bacteria. [from 1839]

tuberose /ˈtjuːbəɹəʊz/ /ˈtubəɹoʊz/ tuberoses n
tuberoza bulwiasta
especially Agave amica (syn. Poliantes tuberosa), that has white flowers and grass-like leaves, used in perfumery.

tubist tubists n
tubista tubiści
Someone who plays the tuba.

tucuxi tucuxis n
sotalia amazońska
A freshwater dolphin, estuarine dolphin Sotalia fluviatilis, found in the rivers of the Amazon Basin

tuft /tʌft/ tufts n
kępka
A bunch of feathers, grass or hair, etc., held together at the base.

tufted antshrike tufted antshrikes n
sadzak posepny
A passerine bird of the antbird family, Mackenziaena severa.

tufted duck tufted ducks n
czernica
A species of duck, Aythya fuligula.

tufted titmouse tufted titmice tufted titmouses n
sikora dwubarwna
Baeolophus bicolor, a small bird of the tit family Paridae, native to the eastern US.

tug /tʌɡ/ tugs n
szarpak
A dog toy consisting of a rope, often with a knot in it.

tug of war /ˈtʌɡ əv ˌwɔː(r)/ tug of wars tugs of war n
przeciąganie liny
A game or competition in which two teams pull or tug on opposite ends of a rope trying to force the other team over the line which initially marked the middle between the two teams.

tugboat /ˈtʌɡboʊt/ /ˈtʌɡbəʊt/ tugboats n
holownik
A small, powerful boat used to push or pull barges or to help maneuver larger vessels.

tughra tughras n
tugra
A calligraphic signature of an Ottoman sultan (and some other rulers to the present day) that was affixed to official documents, carved on his seal, and stamped on coins and inscribed on some stamps issued during his reign.

tugrik tugriks n
tugrik
The Mongolian unit of currency; abbreviated MNT, ₮; formerly subdivided into 100 möngö.

tui /ˈtuːi/ /ˈtʉːiː/ tui tuis n
kędziornik
A species of honeyeater, Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae, a bird which is endemic to New Zealand. [from early 19th c.]

tuition /tjuːˈɪʃən/ /tuˈɪʃən/ /ˈtjuːʃən/ tuitions n
czesne
(North American) A sum of money paid for instruction (such as in a high school, boarding school, university, or college).
korepetycje
The training or instruction provided by a teacher or tutor.

tulip /ˈtjuːlɪp/ /ˈtulɪp/ /ˈtʃuːlɪp/ tulips n
tulipan
A type of flowering plant, genus Tulipa.
The flower of this plant.

tulip tree tulip trees n
tulipanowiec
(botany) A North American tree, Liriodendron tulipifera, that has squarish leaves, cone-shaped fruit and an aromatic odour, of family Magnoliaceae.
(botany) A tropical tree (Thespesia populnea, Indian tulip tree), of family Malvaceae.

tulle /tjuːl/ /tuːl/ /tʊl/ tulles n
tiul
A kind of silk lace or light netting, used for clothing, veils, etc.

tumble dryer tumble dryers n
suszarka suszarka do ubrań
An electrical device that dries clothes in a rotating drum which tumbles the clothes in a flow of hot air.

tumbler /ˈtʌmblɚ/ tumblers n
szklanka kulawka
A drinking glass that has no stem, foot, or handle — so called because such glasses originally had a pointed or convex base and could not be set down without spilling. This compelled the drinker to finish their measure.

tumbleweed /ˈtʌmbəlwiːd/ /ˈtʌmbəlˌwid/ tumbleweeds n
biegacz
Any plant which habitually breaks away from its roots once dry, forming a light, rolling mass which is driven by the wind from place to place; as Russian thistle, wild indigo, witch grass, Amaranthus albus, etc.

tummy /ˈtʌ.mi/ tummies n
brzuszek
(colloquial, often childish) Stomach or belly.

tumor /tjuː.mə/ /tuː.məɹ/ tumors n
guz nowotwór opuchlizna
(oncology, pathology) An abnormal growth; differential diagnosis includes abscess, metaplasia, and neoplasia.

tumult /ˈtjuː.mʌlt/ /ˈtuː.mʌlt/ /ˈtʃuː.mʌlt/ [ˈtʌmʌlt̰̚] tumults n
tumult
Confused, agitated noise as made by a crowd.
zamieszki
Violent commotion or agitation, often with confusion of sounds.

tumultuous /tjʊˈmʌl.tjʊ.əs/ /tuˈmʌl.t͡ʃu.əs/ /tə-/ more tumultuous most tumultuous adj
zgiełkliwy
Characterized by loud, confused noise. [from mid 16th c.]

tumulus /ˈtjuːmjələs/ /ˈtuːmjələs/ tumuli n
kopiec kurhan
(archaeology) A mound of earth, especially one placed over a prehistoric tomb; a barrow.

tun /tʊn/ /tʌn/ tuns n
baryła baryłka
A large cask; an oblong vessel bulging in the middle, like a pipe or puncheon, and girt with hoops; a wine cask. (See a diagram comparing cask sizes.)

tuna /ˈtjuː.nə/ /ˈtu.nə/ /ˈtʃuː.nə/ tuna tunas n
tuńczyk
Any of several species of fish of the genus Thunnus in the family Scombridae.
The edible flesh of the tuna.

tuna salad tuna salads n
sałatka z tuńczyka

tundra /ˈtʌndɹə/ tundras n
tundra
A flat and treeless Arctic biome.

tundra bean goose tundra bean geese n
gęś tundrowa
Any goose of species Anser serrirostris, that breeds in northern Siberia.

tune /t(j)un/ /tjuːn/ /tɪu̯n/ /tʃuːn/ tunes n
melodia
A melody.

tune /t(j)un/ /tjuːn/ /tɪu̯n/ /tʃuːn/ v
stroić
To adjust (a musical instrument) so that it produces the correct pitches.

tuner /ˈtjuː.nə/ /ˈtuː.nɚ/ /ˈtʃuː.nə/ tuners n
stroiciel
A person who tunes a piano or organ.

tungsten /ˈtʌŋstən/ tungstens n
wolfram
A rare metallic chemical element (symbol W, from Latin wolframium) with an atomic number of 74.

tunic /tjuːnɪk/ /tuːnɪk/ tunics n
tunika
A garment worn over the torso, with or without sleeves, and of various lengths reaching from the hips to the ankles.

tunicate tunicates n
osłonica
Any of very many chordate marine animals, of the subphyla Tunicata or Urochordata, including the sea squirts.

tuning fork /tjʉːnɪŋ foːk/ tuning forks n
kamerton diapazon
(musical instruments) A fork-shaped object which emits a tone of a specific frequency when struck, producing a reference note for tuning instruments.

tuning key tuning keys n
stroik
A peg or screw used to tighten or loosen strings on a musical instrument in order to produce concordant sounds.

tuning wrench tuning wrenches n
klucz do strojenia

tunnel /ˈtʌn(ə)l/ tunnels n
tunel
An underground or underwater passage.

tunnel vision n
widzenie lunetowe
A restricted field of vision, especially as the result of looking through some type of object or a medical condition.

tuple /ˈtjuːpəl/ /ˈtuːpəl/ /ˈtʊpəl/ /ˈtʌpəl/ /ˈt͡ʃuːpəl/ tuples n
krotka
(set theory) A finite sequence of terms.
(databases) A single row in a relational database.
(computing) A set of comma-separated values passed to a program or operating system as a parameter to a function call.

turaco turacoes turacos n
bananojad turak
Any of the birds in the Musophagidae family with vivid colouring and prominent crest.

turban /ˈtɜːbən/ /ˈtɝbən/ turbans n
turban zawój
A man's headdress made by winding a length of cloth round the head.
zawój turban
A woman's close-fitting hat with little or no brim.

turbellarian turbellarians n
wirek
(zoology) Any flatworm of the class Turbellaria.

turbid /ˈtɜː(ɹ)bɪd/ more turbid most turbid adj
mętny mętna mętne
Having the lees or sediment disturbed; not clear. (of a liquid)

turbine /ˈtəːˌbaɪn/ /ˈtəːˌbɪn/ /ˈtɚ.bɪn/ /ˈtɚˌbaɪn/ turbines n
turbina
Any of various rotary machines that use the kinetic energy of a continuous stream of fluid (a liquid or a gas) to turn a shaft.

turbocharger turbochargers n
turbosprężarka
inlet air compressor for an internal combustion engine (either Otto or Diesel cycle), powered from the exhaust air.

turboprop turboprops n
silnik turbośmigłowy
(aeronautics) A type of gas turbine aircraft engine that drives and obtains essentially all thrust from an external (typically unducted) propeller.

turbot /ˈtɜːbət/ /ˈtɝbət/ turbot turbots n
skarp turbot
Any of species Scophthalmus maximus (syn. Psetta maxima) of flatfish native to Europe.
turbot skarp
Any of various other flatfishes of family Scophthalmidae that are found in marine or brackish waters.

turd /tɜːd/ /tɝd/ turds n
gówno bobek
(informal, mildly, vulgar) A piece of solid animal or human feces.

tureen /t(j)uˈɹin/ /təˈɹin/ /təˈɹiːn/ /t͡ʃəˈɹiːn/ /t͡ʃʊˈɹiːn/ tureens n
waza
A broad, deep serving dish used for serving soup or stew.

turkey /ˈtɜːki/ /ˈtɝki/ turkeys turkies n
indyk indyczka gula indor
(countable) A bird in the genus Meleagris with a fan-shaped tail and wattled neck, especially the wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo, now domesticated).
indyk
(uncountable) The flesh or meat of this bird eaten as food.

turkey vulture turkey vultures n
sępnik różowogłowy
A common New World vulture, Cathartes aura.

turkeycock turkeycocks n
bufon bufonka nadęciak samochwała ważniaczka ważniak
A male turkey.

turmeric /təɹ.ˈmɛ.ɾɪk/ /ˈtjuː.m(ə).ɹɪk/ /ˈtuː.mə.ɹɪk/ /ˈtɜɹ.məɹ.ɪk/ /ˈtɜː.m(ə).ɹɪk/ /ˈtʃuː.m(ə).ɹɪk/ [ˈtʰu.mɚ.ɪk] [ˈtʰɝ.mɚ.ɪk] turmerics n
kurkuma kurkuma długa
(botany) An Indian plant, Curcuma longa, with aromatic rhizomes, part of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae).
(cooking) The pulverized rhizome of the turmeric plant, used for flavoring and to add a bright yellow color to food.
A yellow to reddish-brown dye extracted from the turmeric plant.

turn /tɜːn/ /tɝn/ turns n
obrót skręt
A change of direction or orientation.
kolej
A chance to use (something) shared in sequence with others.
kolej tura
One's chance to make a move in a game having two or more players.
obrót
A figure in music, often denoted ~, consisting of the note above the one indicated, the note itself, the note below the one indicated, and the note itself again.

turn /tɜːn/ /tɝn/ v
obracać się obrócić się
(intransitive) Of a body, person, etc, to move around an axis through itself.
obracać obrócić
(transitive) To change the direction or orientation of, especially by rotation.
skręcać skręcić
(intransitive) To change one's direction of travel.
kończyć skończyć
To reach a certain age.
zmieniać zmieniać się zmienić zmienić się
To change fundamentally; to metamorphose.

turn a blind eye v
patrzeć przez palce przymknąć oko przymykać oko
(idiomatic) To ignore or deliberately overlook, especially with respect to something unpleasant or improper, to look the other way. To knowingly refuse to acknowledge something which you know to be real.

turn a deaf ear v
puszczać mimo uszu puścić mimo uszu
(figuratively, transitive with to) To refuse to listen to something.

turn around v
obrócić się obracać się
(ergative) To physically rotate (usually around a vertical axis) for a half turn (180 degrees), a whole turn (360 degrees), or an indefinite amount.
odwracać się odwrócić się
(transitive, figurative) To change drastically in a fundamental way, often for the better; to change to the opposite (opinion or position).

turn away v
odwracać się
(intransitive, literally) To rotate oneself so as not to face someone or something.

turn down v
odrzucać odrzucić
(idiomatic) To refuse, decline, or deny.
ściszać ściszyć
(idiomatic) To reduce the power, etc. of something by means of a control, such as the volume, heat, or light.

turn in one's grave v
przewracać się w grobie
(idiomatic) To be appalled, offended or disgusted by something, despite being deceased.

turn of events turns of events n
obrót sprawy
(idiomatic) A deviation from the expected course of events.

turn of phrase turns of phrase n
zwrot
(countable) An expression which is worded in a distinctive way, especially one which is particularly memorable or artful.

turn of the century turns of centuries turns of the centuries n
przełom wieku
The beginning or end of a certain century.

turn off v
wyłączyć gasić zgasić wyłączać
(transitive) To power down, to switch off, to put out of operation, to deactivate (an appliance, light, mechanism, functionality etc.).
zakręcać zakręcić
(transitive) To rotate a tap or valve so as to interrupt the outflow of liquid or gas.

turn on v
odkręcać odkręcić
(transitive) To set a flow of fluid or gas running by rotating a tap or valve. [from 19th c.]
włączać włączyć włączać się włączyć się
(transitive) To power up, to put into operation, to start, to activate (an appliance, light, mechanism, functionality etc.).
podniecać
(transitive) To introduce (someone to something), and especially to fill them with enthusiasm (about it); to intoxicate, give pleasure to ( + to an object of interest or excitement). [from 20th c.]

turn one's back v
odwracać się odwrócić się
(figuratively, transitive with on) To forsake, to abandon; to ignore.

turn one's life around v
zmieniać życie na lepsze zmienić życie na lepsze

turn out v
okazać okazywać
(intransitive, idiomatic, copulative) To end up; to result.

turn over a new leaf v
rozpoczynać nowy rozdział rozpocząć nowy rozdział
(idiomatic) To engage in self-improvement; to begin a good habit or shed a bad habit.

turn the other cheek v
nadstawiać drugi policzek nadstawić drugi policzek
(idiomatic) To accept punishment or injury without retaliating.

turn the tables v
odwracać sytuację odwrócić sytuację

turn to v
zwracać się zwrócić się
To consult for advice or help.

turn up v
podgłaśniać podgłośnić
(transitive) To increase the amount of something by means of a control, such as the volume, heat, or light.

turn up for the book turn ups for the book n
niespodzianka
(idiomatic) A very unexpected, usually pleasant, surprise.

turn up one's nose v
kręcić nosem
(idiomatic, with "at") To refuse, especially with disgust, contempt or scorn; to refuse with apparent disregard about offending the offerer.

turn-off turn-offs n
coś zniechęchającego
(idiomatic) Something that repulses, disgusts, or discourages, especially sexually.

turn-on turn-ons n
podnieta

turnbuckle turnbuckles n
śruba rzymska
(nautical) A link threaded on both ends of a short bar which is used to pull objects together. (FM 55-501)

turncoat /ˈtəːn.kəʊt/ /ˈtɝn.koʊt/ turncoats n
zdrajca
A traitor; one who turns against a previous affiliation or allegiance.

turner /ˈtɜː.nə(ɹ)/ /ˈtɝ.nɚ/ turners n
tokarz
A person who turns and shapes wood etc. on a lathe.
szpatułka kuchenna łopatka kuchenna
A kitchen utensil used for turning food.

turning point turning points n
punkt zwrotny
A decisive point at which a significant change or historical event occurs, or at which a decision must be made.

turnip /ˈtɜː.nɪp/ /ˈtɝ.nɪp/ turnips n
rzepa
The white root of a yellow-flowered plant, Brassica rapa, grown as a vegetable and as fodder for cattle.
cebula
(dated) A large, heavy pocket watch, so called because its profile resembled the vegetable.

turnkey /ˈtɜː(ɹ)nˌkiː/ more turnkey most turnkey adj
pod klucz
Ready to use without further assembly or test; supplied in a state that is ready to turn on and operate (typically refers to an assembly that is outsourced for manufacture)

turnkey /ˈtɜː(ɹ)nˌkiː/ turnkeys n
klawisz
(now, _, archaic) A warder or jailer/gaoler; keeper of the keys in a prison.

turnout /ˈtɜː(ɹ)naʊt/ turnouts n
frekwencja
The number or proportion of people who attend or participate in an event (especially an election) or are present at a venue.

turnover turnovers n
obrót przychód
The amount of money taken as sales transacted in a given period.
rotacja wymiana
The frequency with which stock is replaced after being used or sold, workers leave and are replaced, a property changes hands, etc.
rożek francuski
A semicircular pastry made by turning one half of a circular crust over the other, enclosing the filling (usually fruit).

turnstile /ˈtɜːnstaɪl/ /ˈtɝnstaɪl/ turnstiles n
kołowrót bramka bramka obrotowa turnikiet
A rotating mechanical device that controls and counts passage between public areas, especially one that only allows passage after a charge has been paid.

turntable /ˈtɜːnteɪb(ə)l/ /ˈtɝnˌteɪbəl/ turntables n
gramofon talerz
(music) The circular rotating platform of a record player or a disk jockey's console on which the record rests during play; (by extension) , a record player.
obrotnica
(rail transport, road transport) A rotating platform placed in a circular pit, used for turning locomotives, cars, or trucks.

turpentine /ˈtɜː.pənˌtaɪn/ /ˈtɝ.pənˌtaɪn/ turpentines n
terpentyna
A volatile essential oil now obtained from such oleoresin of from the wood of pine trees by steam distillation; a complex mixture of monoterpenes; now used as a solvent and paint thinner.

turquoise /ˈtɜː(ɹ).k(w)ɔɪs/ /ˈtɜː(ɹ).k(w)ɔɪz/ /ˈtɝ.k(w)ɔɪs/ /ˈtɝ.k(w)ɔɪz/ more turquoise most turquoise adj
turkusowy
Made of turquoise (the gemstone).
turkusowy turkus
Having a pale greenish-blue colour.

turquoise /ˈtɜː(ɹ).k(w)ɔɪs/ /ˈtɜː(ɹ).k(w)ɔɪz/ /ˈtɝ.k(w)ɔɪs/ /ˈtɝ.k(w)ɔɪz/ turquoises n
turkus turkusowy
(countable) A sky-blue, greenish-blue, or greenish-gray semi-precious gemstone.
turkusowy turkus
(countable, and, uncountable) A pale greenish-blue colour, like that of the gemstone.

turret /ˈtɝ.ɪt/ /ˈtʊɹ.ɪt/ /ˈtʌɹ.ɪt/ turrets n
wieżyczka
(architecture) A little tower, frequently a merely ornamental structure at one of the corners of a building or castle.
(historical, military) A siege tower; a movable building, of a square form, consisting of ten or even twenty stories and sometimes one hundred and twenty cubits high, usually moved on wheels, and employed in approaching a fortified place, for carrying soldiers, engines, ladders, casting bridges, and other necessaries.

turtle /ˈtɜːtl̩/ /ˈtɝtl̩/ [ˈtʰɝɾɫ̩] turtles n
żółw
(zoology, US, Canada) Any land or marine reptile of the order Testudines, characterised by a protective shell enclosing its body. See also tortoise.
(computing) A type of robot having a domed case (and so resembling the reptile), used in education, especially for making line drawings by means of a computer program.
żółw wodny
(computing) An on-screen cursor that serves the same function as a turtle for drawing.

turtle dove /ˈtɜːtəldʌv/ /ˈtɝtəldʌv/ turtle doves n
turkawka
Any of several (species of) birds, called by this traditional name, mainly in the genus Streptopelia, of the family Columbidae (doves and pigeons, which also included the extinct passenger pigeon, dodo, and solitaire).

turtleneck turtlenecks n
golf
(North America) A high, close-fitting collar, turned back on itself and covering all or most of the neck, on a sweater or similar garment.
(North America) Ellipsis of turtleneck sweater.

tusk /ˈtʌsk/ tusks n
cios kieł
A sharp point.

tussock /ˈtʌs.ək/ tussocks n
kępa
A tuft or clump of green grass or similar verdure, forming a small hillock.

tutor /ˈtjuːtə/ /ˈtutɚ/ tutoress tutors n
tutor
One who teaches another (usually called a student, learner, or tutee) in a one-on-one or small-group interaction.

tutorial /tjuːˈtɔːɹɪəl/ /tuˈtɔɹijəɫ/ /tʃʉˈtoːɹiəɫ/ /tʊˈtɔɹijəɫ/ tutorials n
poradnik samouczek
A self-paced learning exercise; a lesson prepared so that a student can learn at their own speed, at their convenience.
tutorial
(computing) A video or text guide or instruction about a specific topic (generally a how-to)

tutovka n
morwówka
A distilled alcoholic liquor made from fermented mulberries, traditional in the South Caucasus, especially among the Armenians of Karabakh.

tuxedo /tʌkˈsidoʊ/ /tʌkˈsiːdəʊ/ tuxedoes tuxedos n
smoking
A typically black formal jacket worn by men.
The entire suit complementing and including this jacket.

tvorog /tvəˈɹəʊɡ/ /ˈtvɔːɹəɡ/ n
twaróg
A soft Russian curd cheese.

twaddle /ˈtwɑdəl/ /ˈtwɒdəl/ twaddles n
gadanina paplanina ambaje bajdy brednie bzdurzenie
(uncountable) Empty or silly idle talk or writing; nonsense, rubbish. [from 1782.]

twaddle /ˈtwɑdəl/ /ˈtwɒdəl/ v
gadać paplać
To talk or write nonsense; to prattle.

twaite shad twaite shads n
parposz
A fish in the herring family Clupeidae, Alosa fallax, found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.

twat /twæt/ /twɑt/ /twɔt/ [tʰw̥æt] [tʰw̥ɑt] [tʰw̥ɔt] twats n
cipa piczka
(vulgar, slang) The vagina or vulva.

tweet /twiːt/ interjection
ćwir

tweet /twiːt/ tweets n
trel ćwierkanie
The sound of a bird; any short high-pitched sound or whistle.
tweet
(social media) An entry posted on the microblogging service Twitter. [since 2007]

tweet /twiːt/ v
ćwierkać
(intransitive) To make a short high-pitched sound, like that of certain birds.
tweetować
(ambitransitive, social media) To post an update to Twitter. [since 2007]

tweeter /ˈtwitɚ/ /ˈtwiːtə/ tweeters n
twitterianin twitterianka
(social media) One who posts messages ("tweets") on the social networking site Twitter.

tweezers /ˈtwizɚz/ /ˈtwiːzəz/ n
pęseta pinceta
A small pincerlike instrument, usually made of metal, used for handling or picking up small objects (such as postage stamps), plucking out (plucking) hairs, pulling out slivers, etc.

twelfth /twɛlf/ /twɛlftθ/ /twɛlfθ/ /twɛlθ/ [tʰw̥ɛlfθ] [tʰw̥ɛlʷf] [tʰw̥ɛl̪θ] adj
dwunasty dwunasta
The ordinal form of the number twelve, describing a person or thing in position number 12 of a sequence.

twelve /twelv/ /twəlv/ /twɛlv/ /twɛv/ [tw̥eɫv] [tw̥əɫv] [tw̥ɛv] [tw̥ɛɫv] numeral
dwanaście dwanaścioro
The cardinal number occurring after eleven and before thirteen, represented in Arabic numerals as 12 and in Roman numerals as XII.

twelve o'clock twelve o'clocks n
dwunasta
(In both the 12-hour clock and the 24-hour clock) The start of the thirteenth hour of the day; noon (noontime); 12:00 p.m. (12:00).

twelve-tone technique pn
dodekafonia
system of musical composition

twenties n
lata 20. lata dwudzieste
The decade of the 1820s, 1920s, 2020s, etc.

twentieth /-ɪθ/ /ˈtwɛn.i.əθ/ /ˈtwɛn.ti.əθ/ [ˈtw̥ɛ.ɾ̃i.əθ] [ˈtw̥ɛ̃n.ti.əθ] [ˈtw̥ɛ̃ɾ̃.i.əθ] adj
dwudziesty
The ordinal form of the number twenty.

twenty /ˈtweɪnti/ /ˈtwɛni/ /ˈtwɛnti/ /ˈtwʊn(t)i/ /ˈtwʌn(t)i/ [ˈtw̥ɛɾ̃i] [ˈtw̥ɛ̃nti] [ˈtw̥ɛ̃ɾ̃i] numeral
dwadzieścia dwadzieścioro
The cardinal number 20, occurring after nineteen and before twenty-one.

twenty-eight /ˌtwɛntiˈeɪt/ numeral
dwadzieścia osiem
The cardinal number immediately following twenty-seven and preceding twenty-nine.

twenty-fifth adj
dwudziesty piąty
The ordinal form of the number twenty-five.

twenty-five /ˌtwɛntiˈfaɪv/ numeral
dwadzieścia pięć
The cardinal number immediately following twenty-four and preceding twenty-six.

twenty-four /ˌtwɛntiˈfo(ː)ɹ/ /ˌtwɛntiˈfoə/ /ˌtwɛntiˈfɔɹ/ /ˌtwɛntiˈfɔː/ numeral
dwadzieścia cztery
The cardinal number immediately following twenty-three and preceding twenty-five.

twenty-four seven adv
dwadzieścia cztery godziny na dobę dwadzieścia cztery na dobę siedem dni w tygodniu
(colloquial) Constantly, without interruption.

twenty-fourth adj
dwudziesty czwarty
The ordinal form of the number twenty-four.

twenty-nine numeral
dwadzieścia dziewięć
The cardinal number immediately following twenty-eight and preceding thirty.

twenty-one /ˌtwɛntiˈwɒn/ /ˌtwɛntiˈwʌn/ /ˌtwʌntiˈwʌn/ numeral
dwadzieścia jeden
The cardinal number occurring after twenty and before twenty-two, represented in Roman numerals as XXI and in Arabic numerals as 21.

twenty-second adj
dwudziesty drugi
The ordinal form of the number twenty-two.

twenty-seven numeral
dwadzieścia siedem
The cardinal number immediately following twenty-six and preceding twenty-eight.

twenty-seventh /ˌtwɛn(t)iˈsɛvənθ/ /ˌtwʌn(t)iˈsɛvənθ/ adj
dwudziesty siódmy
The ordinal form of the number twenty-seven.

twenty-six /ˌtwɛntiˈsɪks/ numeral
dwadzieścia sześć
The cardinal number immediately following twenty-five and preceding twenty-seven.

twenty-sixth adj
dwudziesty szósty
Occurring in position twenty-six; the ordinal form of the number twenty-six.

twenty-third adj
dwudziesty trzeci
The ordinal form of the number twenty-three.

twenty-three /ˈtwɛntiˈθɹiː/ numeral
dwadzieścia trzy
The cardinal number after twenty-two and before twenty-four.

twenty-two /ˌtwɛntiˈtuː/ /ˌtwʌntiˈtu/ numeral
dwadzieścia dwa
The number after twenty-one and before twenty-three. Represented in Arabic digits as 22.

twerk /twɛɹk/ /twɜːk/ [tw̥ɜːk] [tʰw̥ɝk] v
twerkować
(informal) To move the body in a sexually suggestive twisting or gyrating fashion, especially as a dance.

twice /twaɪs/ [tw̥aɪs] adv
dwukrotnie
Two times.

twiddle one's thumbs v
siedzieć z założonymi rękami wlec się
(idiomatic) To wait or dawdle; to accomplish nothing useful or lack a useful occupation.

twig /twɪɡ/ [tʰw̥ɪɡ] twigs n
gałązka witka
A small thin branch of a tree or bush.

twilight /ˈtwaɪˌlaɪt/ twilights n
zmierzch zmrok
The soft light in the sky seen before the rising and (especially) after the setting of the sun, occasioned by the illumination of the earth’s atmosphere by the direct rays of the sun and their reflection on the earth.
półmrok półzmrok
Any faint light through which something is seen.

twin /twɪn/ [tw̥ɪn] adj
bliźniaczy
Double; dual; occurring as a matching pair.
Forming a pair of twins.

twin /twɪn/ [tw̥ɪn] twins n
bliźniak bliźniaczka
Either of two people (or, less commonly, animals) who shared the same uterus at the same time; one who was born at the same birth as a sibling.

twin room twin rooms n
pokój dwuosobowy
A room, especially in a hotel, that has two single beds.

twin-engine adj
dwusilnikowy

twine /twaɪn/ twines n
dratwa
A strong thread composed of two or three smaller threads or strands twisted together, and used for various purposes, as for binding small parcels, making nets, and the like; a small cord or string.

twinhood twinhoods n
bliźniactwo

twinkle /ˈtwɪŋ.kəl/ v
migotać
(of a source of light) To shine with a flickering light; to glimmer.

twinset twinsets n
bliźniak
A combination of a cardigan and a jumper, usually knitted in wool or cashmere.

twist /twɪst/ [tw̥ɪst] twists n
siła skręcająca
A twisting force.
skręt
Anything twisted, or the act of twisting.
The form given in twisting.
The degree of stress or strain when twisted.
A rotation of the body when diving.
Short for hair twist.
twist skręt
A type of thread made from two filaments twisted together.
zakręt
A sudden bend (or short series of bends) in a road, path, etc.
przekręcenie
A distortion to the meaning of a passage or word.
zwrot akcji
An unexpected turn in a story, tale, etc.
skręcenie
A sprain, especially to the ankle.
twist
The spiral course of the rifling of a gun barrel or a cannon.
(obsolete, slang) A beverage made of brandy and gin.
tendencja
A strong individual tendency or bent; inclination.

twist /twɪst/ [tw̥ɪst] v
kręcić
To turn the ends of something, usually thread, rope etc., in opposite directions, often using force.

twist of fate twists of fate n
ironia losu

twist the knife v
pogarszać pogarszyć

twitch /twɪt͡ʃ/ [tʰw̥ɪt͡ʃ] twitches n
drgawka skurcz
A brief, small (sometimes involuntary) movement out of place and then back again; a spasm.
dutka
(farriery) A stick with a hole in one end through which passes a loop, which can be drawn tightly over the upper lip or an ear of a horse and twisted to keep the animal quiet during minor surgery.

twite /twaɪt/ twites n
rzepołuch
A small passerine bird, Linaria flavirostris (syn. Carduelis flavirostris), that breeds in northern Europe and across central Asia.

twitter /ˈtwɪt.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈtwɪt.ɚ/ /ˈtwɪt̬.ɚ/ [ˈtʰwɪɾ.ɚ] twitters n
świergot
The sound of a succession of chirps as uttered by birds.

twitter /ˈtwɪt.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈtwɪt.ɚ/ /ˈtwɪt̬.ɚ/ [ˈtʰwɪɾ.ɚ] v
ćwierkać świergotać
To make the sound of a half-suppressed laugh; to titter; to giggle.

two /tu/ /tuː/ /twuː/ [tʰu̟] [tʰu̟ː] twos n
dwójka dwa
The digit/figure 2.
dwulatek dwulatka
A child aged two.

two /tu/ /tuː/ /twuː/ [tʰu̟] [tʰu̟ː] numeral
dwa dwie
A numerical value equal to 2; this many dots (••).

two beers, please phraseologicalUnit
dwa piwa, proszę
Indicates the speaker wishes to buy two beers.

two cents n
trzy grosze
(idiomatic, colloquial) One's opinion or thoughts.

two days after tomorrow adv
popojutrze

two heads are better than one proverb
co dwie głowy, to nie jedna
Some tasks may be accomplished more easily by two (or more) people working together than by one working alone.

two hundred /ˈtuː ˈhʌn.dɹəd/ /ˈtuː ˈhʌn.dɹɪd/ numeral
dwieście
The cardinal number occurring after one hundred ninety-nine and before two hundred one, represented in Arabic numerals as 200.

two left hands /tuː lɛft hæn(d)z/ n
dwie lewe ręce
(idiomatic) Lacking dexterity in either hand; being ambilevous

two o'clock n
druga
(In both the 12-hour clock and the 24-hour clock) The start of the third hour of the day; 2:00 a.m. (02:00).

two pennies' worth n
trzy grosze
(idiomatic, UK, colloquial) One's opinion or thoughts.

two sides of the same coin n
dwie strony medalu

two thousand numeral
dwa tysiące
The cardinal number occurring after one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine and before two thousand and one.

two wrongs don't make a right proverb
dwa zła nie czynią dobra
(ethics) A wrongful action is not a morally appropriate way to correct or cancel a previous wrongful action.

two-barred crossbill two-barred crossbills n
krzyżodziób modrzewiowy
Loxia leucoptera, a small passerine bird in the finch family Fringillidae.

two-barred warbler two-barred warblers n
świstunka amurska
Phylloscopus plumbeitarsus, a species of leaf warbler (family Phylloscopidae).

two-dimensional adj
dwuwymiarowy
Existing in two dimensions.

two-faced /ˈtuːˈfeɪst/ adj
dwulicowy

two-hand sword two-hand swords n
miecz dwuręczny
A sword with a handle or grip that is intended to be grasped with both hands.

two-headed adj
dwugłowy
Having two heads or faces on one body.
Directed by two heads or chiefs; existing under two coordinate authorities.

two-hundredth /ˈtuː ˈhʌn.dɹədθ/ /ˈtuː ˈhʌn.dɹɪdθ/ adj
dwusetny dwóchsetny
The ordinal form of the number two hundred.

two-legged /tuːˈlɛɡɪd/ /ˈtuːlɛɡd/ adj
dwunożny
Having or furnished with two legs, or leg-like appendages.

two-legged tie two-legged ties n
dwumecz

two-sided adj
dwustronny
Having two sides, bilateral.

two-stroke engine two-stroke engines n
silnik dwusuwowy dwusuw dwutakt
An engine that works on the two-stroke principle.

two-thirds n
dwie trzecie
Two of three equal parts (2/3, ⅔, 0.666...).

two-tier adj
dwupoziomowy
Having or consisting of two tiers.

two-tiered adj
dwupoziomowy
Having two tiers.

two-time adj
dwukrotny
On two occasions; twice.

two-way adj
dwukierunkowy
(of a radio, etc.) Permitting communication in two directions, i.e. both transmitting and receiving.

twofold /ˈtuːfoʊld/ adj
podwójny podwojony zdwojony
Double; duplicate; multiplied by two.
dwojaki
Having two parts, especially two different parts.

twofold /ˈtuːfoʊld/ adv
dwukrotnie podwójnie
In a double degree; doubly.

twosome /ˈtuːsəm/ twosomes n
duet dwoje dwójka para
A group of two; a pair; a couple; a group of two distinct individuals or components.

txapela txapelas n
baskijka
A Basque-style beret

tycoon /taɪˈkuːn/ tycoons n
magnat
A wealthy and powerful business person.

tympanites /ˌtɪmpəˈnaɪtiːz/ n
wzdęcie
(medicine) A distended abdomen as a result of an accumulation of gas.

tympanum /ˈtɪm.pən.əm/ tympana tympanums n
tympanon
(architecture) A vertical recessed triangular space between the sides of a pediment, typically decorated

type /taɪp/ types n
typ rodzaj autorament
A grouping based on shared characteristics; a class.
czcionka
(printing, countable) A letter or character used for printing, historically a cast or engraved block.
typ
Preferred sort of person; sort of person that one is attracted to.
(mathematics) A part of the partition of the object domain of a logical theory (which due to the existence of such partition, would be called a typed theory). (Note: this corresponds to the notion of "data type" in computing theory.)

type /taɪp/ v
wpisywać
To enter text or commands into a computer using a keyboard.

type species type species n
gatunek typowy

typecast /ˈtaɪp.kæst/ /ˈtaɪp.kɑːst/ v
rzutować szufladkować zaszufladkować
To identify one as being of a specific type because of one's appearance, colour, religion etc.

typeface typefaces n
krój pisma
(typography) The particular design of some type, font, or a font family.

typescript /ˈtʌɪpskɹɪpt/ typescripts n
maszynopis
typewritten material, especially such a copy of a manuscript

typesetter typesetters n
zecer składacz składaczka zecerka
(historical) A person who sets type; an employee in a printshop who manually selected pieces of movable type and assembled them for printing.

typewriter [ˈtaɪpˌɹaɪtə(ɹ)] typewriters n
maszyna do pisania
A device, at least partially mechanical, used to print text by pressing keys that cause type to be impressed through an inked ribbon onto paper.
maszynistka
(archaic) One who uses a typewriter; a typist.

typhoid fever typhoid fevers n
dur brzuszny
(pathology) An illness caused by the bacterium serovar Salmonella Typhi. Not to be confused with typhus.

typhoon /taɪˈfun/ /taɪˈfuːn/ typhoons n
tajfun
A weather phenomenon in the northwestern Pacific that is precisely equivalent to a hurricane, which results in wind speeds of 64 knots (118 km/h) or above. Equivalent to a cyclone in the Indian Ocean and Indonesia/Australia.

typhus /ˈtaɪfəs/ typhuses n
tyfus
(pathology) Any of several similar diseases, characterised by high recurrent fever, caused by Rickettsia bacteria. Not to be confused with typhoid fever.

typical /ˈtɪp.ɪk.əl/ more typical most typical adj
typowy
Capturing the overall sense of a thing.

typically /ˈtɪp.ɪ.kli/ /ˈtɪp.ɪ.kəl.i/ more typically most typically adv
typowo
In a typical or common manner.
In an expected or customary manner.

typist /ˈtaɪpɪst/ typists n
maszynistka
A person who types, a clerical worker who writes letters, etc., using a typewriter.

typo /ˈtaɪpəʊ/ typoes typos n
literówka błąd drukarski
A typographical error. [from late 19th c.]

typographer typographers n
drukarz
A person skilled in typography, a typesetter.
kornik drukarz
A kind of bark beetle, Ips typographus.

typography /taɪˈpɑɡɹəfi/ /taɪˈpɒɡɹəfi/ typographies n
typografia
The art or practice of setting and arranging type; typesetting.

tyrannical /taɪ-/ /tɪˈɹænɪkəl/ more tyrannical most tyrannical adj
tyraniczny tyrański
(not comparable) Of, or relating to tyranny or a tyrant.
(comparable) Despotic, oppressive, or authoritarian.

tyrannosaur tyrannosaurs n
tyranozaur
Any large bipedal carnivorous dinosaur, of the family Tyrannosauridae, that lived in North America during the Cretaceous period.

tyrannosaurus /tɪˌɹænəˈsɔːɹəs/ tyrannosauri tyrannosauruses n
tyranozaur
A large carnivorous dinosaur, of the genus Tyrannosaurus, found in North America during the late Cretaceous period.

tyranny /ˈtɪɹəni/ tyrannies n
tyrania
A government in which a single ruler (a tyrant) has absolute power; this system of government.
The office or jurisdiction of an absolute ruler.
Absolute power, or its use.
Extreme severity or rigour.

tyrant /ˈtaɪɹənt/ tyrants n
tyran
A despot; a ruler who governs unjustly, cruelly, or harshly.
tyran autokrata autokratka
(by extension) Any person who abuses the power of position or office to treat others unjustly, cruelly, or harshly.

tyre /taɪə(ɹ)/ tyres n
opona guma
The ring-shaped protective covering around a wheel which is usually made of rubber or plastic composite and is either pneumatic or solid.
The metal#Adjective rim, or metal covering on a rim, of a (wooden or metal) wheel, usually of steel or formerly wrought iron, as found on (horse-drawn or railway) carriages and wagons and on locomotives.

tyrosine tyrosines n
tyrozyna
(amino acid) A nonessential amino acid 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid found in most animal proteins, especially casein

tzaddik /ˈsɑː.dək/ /ˈtsɑː.diːk/ /ˈtsɑː.dək/ tzaddikim tzaddiks n
cadyk
(Judaism) A very righteous person, especially a Hassidic spiritual leader.

tzatziki /sæˈtsɪ.kɪ/ /tsæˈtsɪ.kɪ/ /tsɑˈtsi.ki/ /zæˈtsɪ.kɪ/ tzatzikis n
caciki dzadziki tzatziki
An appetizer made from yoghurt, cucumber, garlic, olive oil and dill or mint; usually served with pitta bread and as a meze

tzimmes tzimmes n
cymes

tzitzit tzitziot tzitzis tzitzith n
cicit cyces
The knotted fringes of the tallit.

tête-à-tête /ˌteɪt.əˈteɪt/ /ˌtɛt.əˈtɛt/ tête-à-têtes n
tête-à-tête
A face-to-face meeting, or private conversation between two people, usually in an intimate setting; a head-to-head.

u /a/ /u/ /uː/ /ɜ/ /ʉː/ /ʊ/ /ʌ/ /ˈjuː/ ues n
u u otwarte
The name of the Latin-script letter U.

uberisation n
uberyzacja
(business, commerce) The transformation of an existing industry or economy with the help of computing platforms, especially mobile applications, and temporary employment schemes.

ubiquitous /juˈbɪkwɪtəs/ /juːˈbɪkwətəs/ adj
wszechobecny wszędobylski
Being everywhere at once: omnipresent.
wszechobecny
Appearing to be everywhere at once; being or seeming to be in more than one location at the same time.

ubiquity /juˈbɪkwɪti/ ubiquities n
wszechobecność
(uncountable) The state or quality of being, or appearing to be, everywhere at once; actual or perceived omnipresence.

ubuntu /ʊˈbʊntuː/ n
ubuntu
(South Africa) A Nguni Bantu ideology focusing on people's allegiances and relations with each other.

udarnik udarniki udarniks n
przodownik pracy
(historical) A shock worker; a super-productive worker in the Soviet Union and the other countries from the Soviet Bloc.

udder /ˈʌdə/ /ˈʌdɚ/ udders n
wymię
An organ formed of the mammary glands of female quadruped mammals, particularly ruminants such as cattle, goats, sheep and deer.

udon /ˈuːdɒn/ udon udons n
udon
A Japanese wheat noodle.

ugh [ə] [əx] [əχ] [ɯx] [ɯɣ] [ɯʀ̊] [ɯχ] interjection
fu
Used to express repugnance, disgust, or annoyance.

ugliness uglinesses n
brzydota
The condition of being ugly.
An unsightly or frightful object.

ugly /ˈʌɡli/ uglier ugliest adj
brzydki
Displeasing to the eye; aesthetically unpleasing.

ugly as sin adj
brzydki jak noc brzydki jak noc listopadowa
(simile) Extremely ugly.

ugly duckling ugly ducklings n
brzydkie kaczątko
(idiom) A young person who is ugly, but who is expected to become beautiful as they mature.

uh-huh [ʌ˨ˈɦʌ˩˧] particle
aha mhm yhy
yes; yeah

uhlan /ˈ(j)uːlən/ uhlans n
ułan
(historical) A lancer, a soldier armed with a lance in a former light cavalry unit of the Polish, Prussian/German, Austrian, and Russian armies.

ukha n
ucha
A clear Russian fish soup.

ukulele /juː.kə.ˈleɪ.li/ /ˈʔukuˈlɛlɛ/ ukuleles n
ukulele
A small four-stringed guitar.

ulcer /ʌlsə/ /ʌlsɚ/ ulcers n
wrzód
(figurative) Anything that festers and corrupts like an open sore; a vice in character.

ulcerate v
owrzodzieć wrzodzieć
(medicine, intransitive) To become ulcerous.

ulnar adj
łokciowy
Of or pertaining to the ulna, or the elbow

ultimate /ˈʌltəmɪt/ /ˈʌltɪmɪt/ adj
ostatni
Final; last in a series.
największy najwyższy
Being the greatest possible; maximum; most extreme.

ultimately /ˈʌl.tə.mət.li/ /ˈʌl.tɪ.mət.li/ /ˈʌl.tɪ.mɪt.li/ /ˈʌl.tɪ.mɪt.lɪ/ [ˈʌl.tɪ.mɪɾ.li] adv
ostatecznie
Indicating the last item.

ultimatum /ˌʌl.tɪˈmeɪ.təm/ ultimata ultimatums n
ultimatum
(diplomacy) A final statement of terms or conditions made by one party to another, especially one that expresses a threat of reprisal or war if the terms are not met before some specified date and time.

ultracrepidarianism n
tromtadracja

ultrafilter ultrafilters n
ultrafiltr

ultramarine /ˌəltɹəməˈɹin/ /ˌʌltɹəməˈɹiːn/ ultramarines n
ultramaryna farbka
In full ultramarine blue: a brilliant blue pigment traditionally made from ground-up lapis lazuli, and now usually either extracted from mineral deposits or made synthetically.
A brilliant dark blue or slightly purplish colour like that of the pigment.

ultramontanism ultramontanisms n
ultramontanizm
A Roman Catholic philosophy that emphasises the prerogatives and powers of the Pope.

ultrasonic /ʌltɹəˈsɒnɪk/ more ultrasonic most ultrasonic adj
ultradźwiękowy
(acoustics) Beyond (higher in frequency than) the range of sound perceptible to the human ear; with a frequency of 20 kilohertz or higher.

ultrasonography ultrasonographies n
ultrasonografia

ultrasound ultrasounds n
ultradźwięk
(physics) Sound with a frequency greater than the upper limit of human hearing, which is approximately 20 kilohertz.

ultraviolet more ultraviolet most ultraviolet adj
ultrafioletowy
Of electromagnetic radiation beyond (higher in frequency than) light visible to the human eye; radiation with wavelengths from 380 to 10 nanometres.

ultraviolet ultraviolets n
ultrafiolet
Ultraviolet colour.

umbel /ʌmbəl/ umbels n
baldach
(botany) A flat-topped or rounded flower-cluster (= inflorescence) in which the individual flower stalks arise from the same point, the youngest flowers being at the centre.

umbelled adj
baldaszkowaty

umbellet umbellets n
baldaszek

umbellifer umbellifers n
selerowate
Any plant of the family Apiaceae, also called Umbelliferae, whose inflorescence is an umbel, such as a carrot or celery.

umbilical /ʌmbɪlˈaɪ.kəl/ /ʌmˈbɪl.ɪkəl/ more umbilical most umbilical adj
pępkowy
Of, or relating to, the navel (umbilicus) or the umbilical cord.

umbilical cord umbilical cords n
pępowina
(anatomy) The flexible structure connecting a foetus with the placenta; it transports nourishment to the foetus and removes waste.

umbilical cord cutting umbilical cord cuttings n
cięcie pępowiny

umbrella /ʌmˈbɹɛlə/ /ˈʌmbɹɛlə/ umbrellas n
parasol parasolka
A cloth-covered frame used for protection against rain or sun.

umbrella stand umbrella stands n
stojak na parasole

umlaut /ˈum.laʊt/ /ˈʊm.laʊt/ /ˈʌm.laʊt/ umlaute umlauts n
umlaut
(linguistics) An assimilatory process whereby a vowel is pronounced more like a following vocoid that is separated by one or more consonants.
(linguistics) A vowel so assimilated.
(orthography) The diacritical mark ( ¨ ) placed over a vowel when it indicates a (rounded) front vowel

ummah /ˈʊmə/ ummahs n
umma
(Islam) The worldwide Muslim community.

un- /an/ /ʌn/ prefix
nie-
(added to adjectives or past participles) not
(added to nouns) contrary to traditional norms; unconventional
nie- bez-
(added to nouns) lack of

unabated /ʌn.əˈbeɪ.tɪd/ more unabated most unabated adj
niesłabnący
Continuing at full strength or intensity.

unacceptability unacceptabilities n
nieakceptowalność
The property of being unacceptable.

unacceptable /ˌʌn.æk.ˈsɛp.tə.bl̩/ /ˌʌn.ək.ˈsɛp.tə.bl̩/ [ˌɐn.æk.ˈsɛp.tə.bɫ̩] [ˌɐn.ək.ˈsɛp.tə.bɫ̩] [ˌɐn.ɪ̞k.ˈsɛp.tə.bɫ̩] more unacceptable most unacceptable adj
nieakceptowalny niedopuszczalny
unsatisfactory; not acceptable

unaccountability unaccountabilities n
nieodpowiedzialność

unaccountable /ˌʌnəˈkaʊntəbl̩/ more unaccountable most unaccountable adj
nieodpowiedzialny
not responsible; free from accountability or control.

unaffordable more unaffordable most unaffordable adj
niedostępny zbyt drogi
Too expensive to be afforded.

unambiguous more unambiguous most unambiguous adj
jednoznaczny
Clear, and having no uncertainty or ambiguity.

unambitious more unambitious most unambitious adj
nieambitny
having little ambition for success or achievement

unanimity /juːnəˈnɪmɪti/ unanimities n
jednomyślność
The condition of agreement by all parties, the state of being unanimous.

unanimous /juˈnænəməs/ /juːˈnanɪməs/ adj
jednogłośny jednomyślny
Based on unanimity, assent or agreement.
jednomyślny
Sharing the same views or opinions, and being in harmony or accord.

unanimously more unanimously most unanimously adv
jednomyślnie jednogłośnie
In a unanimous manner; without objection.

unannounced adj
nieogłoszony niezapowiedziany
Not announced beforehand.

unanswerable /ʌnˈɑːnsəɹəb(ə)l/ more unanswerable most unanswerable adj
bezsporny
Impossible to dispute or rebut; irrefutable; conclusive.

unanswerableness n
bezsporność bezsprzeczność niewątpliwość

unappreciative more unappreciative most unappreciative adj
niewdzięczny

unarguableness n
bezdyskusyjność

unarmed /ˌʌnˈɑɹmd/ adj
bezorężny nieuzbrojony
Defenceless and lacking weapons.
Lacking both weapons and protective armour.
nieuzbrojony
(biology) Not having thorns, claws, or other dangerous appendages.

unary /ˈjuːnəɹi/ adj
jednoargumentowy
(mathematics, programming, computer engineering) Of an operation, function, procedure, or logic gate, taking exactly one operand, argument, parameter, or input; having domain of dimension 1.

unassailable /ˌʌnəˈseɪləbl̩/ more unassailable most unassailable adj
bezsporny
(by extension) Undeniable, incontestable or incontrovertible.

unassailableness n
bezsporność bezsprzeczność niewątpliwość

unassailably /ˌʌnəˈseɪləbli/ more unassailably most unassailably adv
bezspornie bezsprzecznie
In an unassailable manner.

unassuming /ʌnəˈsjuːmɪŋ/ more unassuming most unassuming adj
bezpretensjonalny skromny
Modest and having no pretensions or ostentation.

unassumingly more unassumingly most unassumingly adv
bezpretensjonalnie

unassumingness n
bezpretensjonalność

unattainable more unattainable most unattainable adj
niedosięgły niedosiężny nieosiągalny
Impossible to attain or reach; unable to accomplish

unattested more unattested most unattested adj
niezaświadczony
Not supported by attestation; lacking supporting evidence in the form of assurance from an authority.

unattractive more unattractive most unattractive adj
nieatrakcyjny
Not handsome or beautiful or appealing.
Lacking the power to attract interest.

unattractively more unattractively most unattractively adv
nieatrakcyjnie

unattractiveness n
nieatrakcyjność
Synonym of ugliness

unavailable /ˌʌnəˈveɪləbəl/ more unavailable most unavailable adj
niedostępny
Not available. [from 19th c.]

unavoidable /ˌʌnəˈvɔɪdəbəl/ more unavoidable most unavoidable adj
nieunikniony
Impossible to avoid; bound to happen.

unavoidably more unavoidably most unavoidably adv
nieuchronnie
In an unavoidable manner.

unawares /ˌʌnəˈwɛə(ɹ)z/ adv
niespodziewanie znienacka
Unexpectedly or by surprise.

unbearable more unbearable most unbearable adj
nieznośny
So unpleasant or painful as to be unendurable.

unbearably more unbearably most unbearably adv
nieznośnie
In an unbearable manner, not bearably, in a way unable to be borne

unbeatable adj
bezkonkurencyjny
That cannot be beaten, defeated or overcome

unbeatably more unbeatably most unbeatably adv
bezkonkurencyjnie

unbeknownst /ˌʌnbɪˈnoʊnst/ adv
bez wiedzy
(followed by to) without the knowledge of

unbelievable /ˌʌnbəˈliːvəbl̩/ more unbelievable most unbelievable adj
niewiarygodny niebywały
(figuratively) Amazing, incredible; so surprising that one is almost unable to believe.
niewiarygodny
Implausible or improbable.

unbending more unbending most unbending adj
nieugięty
inflexible and not yielding

unbiased more unbiased most unbiased adj
bezstronny
Impartial or without bias or prejudice.

unbibium /ˌuːnbaɪˈbaɪəm/ n
unbibium
The systematic element name for the (as yet undiscovered) chemical element with atomic number 122 (symbol Ubb).

unbinilium n
unbinilium
The systematic element name for the (as yet undiscovered) chemical element with atomic number 120 (symbol Ubn).

unbiunium n
unbiunium
The systematic element name for the (as yet undiscovered) chemical element with atomic number 121 (symbol Ubu).

unburden v
odciążać odciążyć

uncanny /ʌnˈkæni/ uncannier uncanniest adj
niesamowity niezwykły przedziwny
Strange, and mysteriously unsettling (as if supernatural); weird.

uncanny valley n
dolina niesamowitości
(psychology) A range of appearances, mannerisms, and/or behaviors of a humanoid figure that are subtly different from human and thereby cause feelings of discomfort, such as fear or revulsion.

uncap /ʌnˈkæp/ v
odkapslować odkapslowywać
(transitive) To remove a physical cap or cover from.

unceremonious more unceremonious most unceremonious adj
bezceremonialny
Not ceremonious.

unceremoniously more unceremoniously most unceremoniously adv
bezceremonialnie

unceremoniousness n
bezceremonialność

uncertain /ʌnˈsɜːtn̩/ /ʌnˈsɝtn̩/ more uncertain most uncertain adj
nieokreślony niepewny
Not known for certain; questionable.
niepewny niezdecydowany
Not yet determined; undecided.

uncertainly /-lɪ/ /ʌnˈsɜːtn̩li/ /ʌnˈsɝtn̩li/ more uncertainly most uncertainly adv
niepewnie niezdecydowanie
In an uncertain manner.

uncertainty /ʌnˈsɜːtənti/ /ʌnˈsɝtənti/ uncertainties n
niepewność
(uncountable) Doubt; the condition of being uncertain or without conviction.

uncle /ˈʌŋ.kl̩/ uncles n
wuj wujek stryj stryjek
The brother or brother-in-law of one’s parent.

unclear /ʌnˈklɪə(ɹ)/ /ʌnˈklɪɚ/ more unclear most unclear unclearer unclearest adj
niejasny
Ambiguous; liable to more than one interpretation.
Not clearly or explicitly defined.

unclefucker unclefuckers n
wujkojebca

unco more unco most unco adj
nieogar
(slang, New Zealand, Australia) Uncoordinated.

uncomfortable /ʌnˈkʌm.fə.tə.bəl/ /ʌnˈkʌm.fɚ.tə.bəl/ /ʌnˈkʌmf.tə.bəl/ /ʌnˈkʌmf.tɚ.bəl/ more uncomfortable most uncomfortable adj
niekomfortowy niewygodny
Not comfortable; causing discomfort.

uncompromising more uncompromising most uncompromising adj
bezkompromisowy
Inflexible and unwilling to negotiate or make concessions.

uncompromisingly more uncompromisingly most uncompromisingly adv
bezkompromisowo

uncompromisingness n
bezkompromisowość

unconcern unconcerns n
beztroska
Freedom from worry or apprehensiveness; insouciance or nonchalance.

unconcernedly more unconcernedly most unconcernedly adv
obojętnie
In an unconcerned manner.

unconditional /ˌʌnkənˈdɪʃənəl/ more unconditional most unconditional adj
bezwarunkowy bezwzględny
Absolute; without conditions, limitations, reservations or qualifications.

unconditionality unconditionalities n
bezwarunkowość
The state of being unconditional.

unconditionally more unconditionally most unconditionally adv
bezwarunkowo
Without condition, absolutely.

unconditionalness n
bezwarunkowość

unconditioned adj
bezwarunkowy
Without conditions; absolute.

unconditionedly adv
bezwarunkowo

unconditionedness n
bezwarunkowość

unconscious /ˌʌnˈkɑnʃəs/ /ˌʌnˈkɒnʃəs/ more unconscious most unconscious adj
nieprzytomny
Not awake; having no awareness.
podświadomy
(psychology) Without directed thought or awareness.

unconscious /ˌʌnˈkɑnʃəs/ /ˌʌnˈkɒnʃəs/ unconsciouses n
nieświadomość podświadomość
(psychology) That part of mind that is not consciously perceived.

unconsciousness unconsciousnesses n
nieprzytomność
The state of lacking consciousness, of being unconscious

unconstitutional more unconstitutional most unconstitutional adj
antykonstytucyjny niekonstytucyjny
Contrary to or violative of the constitution of a state or other sovereign institution. [18th C.]

unconstitutionality unconstitutionalities n
niekonstytucyjność
(legal) The status of being unconstitutional, or of not being in accord with the provisions of a constitution.

unconstructive /ˌʌnkənˈstɹʌktɪv/ more unconstructive most unconstructive adj
niekonstruktywny
Not constructive; unhelpful.

unconvincing more unconvincing most unconvincing adj
nieprzekonujący
not convincing, plausible or believable

uncountable /ʌnˈkaʊntəbəl/ adj
niepoliczalny
So many as to be incapable of being counted.
(grammar, of a noun) That cannot be used freely with numbers or the indefinite article, and therefore usually takes no plural form. Example: information.
nieprzeliczalny
(mathematics) Incapable of being put into one-to-one correspondence with the natural numbers or any subset thereof.

uncritical more uncritical most uncritical adj
bezkrytyczny
Lacking critique or critical examination; undiscriminating.

uncritically more uncritically most uncritically adv
bezkrytycznie
In an uncritical manner.

uncriticalness n
bezkrytycyzm bezkrytyczność

unction /ʌŋkʃən/ unctions n
namaszczenie
An ointment or salve.
A religious or ceremonial anointing.

unctuous /-tjʊəs/ /ˈʌŋ(k)(t)ʃəs/ /ˈʌŋ(k)(t)ʃəwəs/ /ˈʌŋ(k)t͡ʃʊəs/ more unctuous most unctuous adj
oleisty tłusty
Of a liquid, semisolid, or other substance: having the nature or properties of an unguent or ointment; greasy, oily.
obłudny
Profusely polite, especially in an insincere and unpleasant manner.

uncultivated more uncultivated most uncultivated adj
nieobyty niewyrobiony
Not cultivated by agricultural methods; not prepared for cultivation.
Inadequately educated; lacking art or knowledge
Not attended to or fostered.

uncultured more uncultured most uncultured adj
niekulturalny
Not cultured or civilized; lacking in delicacy or refinement.

undamaged adj
nienaruszony
not damaged, harmed or injured

undead /ʌnˈdɛd/ adj
nieumarły
(horror fiction) Being animate, though non-living.

undead /ʌnˈdɛd/ n
nieumarli
(horror fiction) Those creatures which are undead; that is, dead yet still animate.

undeceivable adj
nie do okłamywania

undeceivableness n
cecha tego, co jest nie do okłamywania

undecidable adj
nierozstrzygalny
(mathematics, computing theory) Incapable of being algorithmically decided in finite time. For example, a set of strings is undecidable if it is impossible to program a computer (even one with infinite memory) to determine whether or not specified strings are included.

undecided more undecided most undecided adj
niepewny
Open and not yet settled or determined.
niezdecydowany
Uncommitted, not having reached a decision.

undecipherable /ʌndə-/ /ʌndɪˈsaɪfəɹəbəl/ /ʌndɪˈsaɪfɹəbəl/ more undecipherable most undecipherable adj
nie do odszyfrowania
Not easily deciphered; difficult to read.

undecked adj
bezpokładowy
Having no deck.

undeclared work n
praca nierejestrowana
work for which payment is made but no taxation is paid

undefeated adj
niepokonany
Never defeated; always victorious.

undefined adj
nieokreślony niezdefiniowany
Lacking a definition or value.

undemarcated adj
niewyznaczony

undeniable /ˌʌn.dɪˈnaɪ.(j)ə.bəɫ/ /ˌʌn.dɪˈnaɪ.ə.bl̩/ adj
niezaprzeczalny bezdyskusyjny
Irrefutable, or impossible to deny.

undeniableness n
bezdyskusyjność

undeniably more undeniably most undeniably adv
bezdyskusyjnie
In an undeniable manner, or to an undeniable extent.

under /ˈʊndə/ /ˈʌndə/ /ˈʌndəɹ/ [ˈɐn.də(ɹ)] [ˈʌn(ɾ)ɚ] [ˈʌɾ̃ɚ] preposition
pod
At the bottom of or in the area covered or surmounted by.
From one side of to the other, passing beneath.
Subordinate to; subject to the control of; in accordance with; in compliance with.
Using or adopting (a name, identity, etc.).
pod poniżej mniej niż
Less than.

under a lucky star
pod szczęśliwą gwiazdą

under arrest
aresztowany
Arrested by the police.

under control
pod kontrolą
(idiom) Being taken care of or being addressed.

under no circumstances
w żadnym wypadku
(idiomatic) never ever, not for any reason

under oath
pod przysięgą
Having sworn or affirmed in a legally binding way to tell the truth.

under one's belt
na koncie
Already done; within one's experience; practiced.

under one's breath
pod nosem pod wąsem
(of something said) Softly, so as not to be heard.

under one's thumb
pod batem pod pantoflem
(idiomatic) Completely controlled by someone; at someone's command.

under one's wing
pod swoje skrzydła

under the influence adv
na podwójnym gazie pod wpływem
(idiomatic) Intoxicated, inebriated, or otherwise stupefied by an ingested mind-altering substance, typically alcohol; drunk.

under the microscope adv
pod lupę
(idiomatic, figurative) Under close scrutiny or examination.

under the stars
pod gołym niebem

under way
w toku
(idiomatic) In operation, in progress, commenced.

under wraps
po kryjomu
In secrecy or in hiding.

underage /ˌʌndəɹˈeɪd͡ʒ/ adj
niepełnoletni
Below the legal age for some activity, such as drinking or having sex.

underappreciated adj
niedoceniany

underdeveloped more underdeveloped most underdeveloped adj
niedorozwinięty
immature and not fully developed
having a low level of economic productivity and technological sophistication

underestimate /ʌndɚˈɛs.tɪ.meɪt/ /ʌndɚˈɛs.tɪ.mət/ /ʌndɚˈɛs.tɪ.mɪt/ underestimates n
niedocenienie niedoszacowanie zbyt niskie oszacowanie
An estimate that is too low.

underestimate /ʌndɚˈɛs.tɪ.meɪt/ /ʌndɚˈɛs.tɪ.mət/ /ʌndɚˈɛs.tɪ.mɪt/ v
nie doceniać zaniżać zaniżyć
(transitive) To estimate too low; to perceive (someone or something) as having a lower value, quantity, worth, etc., than what he/she/it actually has.

underexperienced more underexperienced most underexperienced adj
niedoświadczony

underfeed v
głodzić zagładzać zagłodzić
To feed inadequately or insufficiently.

underfloor heating n
podłogówka
Any of various central heating (and sometimes cooling) systems that achieve indoor climate control for thermal comfort using conduction, radiation, and convection.

underfoot /ʌndəˈfʊt/ /ʌndɚˈfʊt/ adv
pod nogami pod nogi
Under one's foot or feet.

undergarment /ˌʌn.də(ɹ).ˈɡɑɹ.mənt/ /ˌʌn.dɚ.ˈɡɑɹ.mənt/ undergarments n
bielizna
Any garment worn underneath others, especially one worn next to the skin; an item of underwear.

undergo /ˌʌndəˈɡəʊ/ /ˌʌndɚˈɡoʊ/ v
doświadczyć przechodzić doświadczać przejść
(transitive) To experience; to pass through a phase.

underground /ˈʌndəɡɹaʊnd/ /ˈʌndɚɡɹaʊnd/ /ˌʌndəˈɡɹaʊnd/ /ˌʌndɚˈɡɹaʊnd/ more underground most underground adj
podziemny undergroundowy
(not comparable) Below the ground; below the surface of the Earth.
undergroundowy
(of, _, music, art, _, etc.) Outside the mainstream, especially unofficial and hidden from the authorities.

underground /ˈʌndəɡɹaʊnd/ /ˈʌndɚɡɹaʊnd/ /ˌʌndəˈɡɹaʊnd/ /ˌʌndɚˈɡɹaʊnd/ undergrounds n
podziemie ruch oporu
(with, _, definite article) A movement or organisation of people who resist political convention.
(with, _, definite article) A movement or organisation of people who resist artistic convention.

underline /ˈʌndəˌlaɪn/ /ˈʌndɚˌlaɪn/ /ˌʌndəˈlaɪn/ /ˌʌndɚˈlaɪn/ underlines n
podkreślenie
A line placed underneath a piece of text in order to provide emphasis or to indicate that it should be viewed in italics or (in electronic documents) that it acts as a hyperlink.
(dated) A caption beneath a photograph (which may have more than one line of text).
podkreślnik podkreślenie
(dated) An announcement of a theatrical performance to follow, placed in an advertisement for the current one.

underline /ˈʌndəˌlaɪn/ /ˈʌndɚˌlaɪn/ /ˌʌndəˈlaɪn/ /ˌʌndɚˈlaɪn/ v
podkreślać podkreślić
To draw a line underneath something, especially to add emphasis; to underscore
(figuratively) To emphasise or stress something

underneath /ʌndəˈniθ/ /ʌndɚˈnið/ /ʌndɚˈniθ/ adv
pod spodem
Below; in a place beneath.
On the underside or lower face.

underneath /ʌndəˈniθ/ /ʌndɚˈnið/ /ʌndɚˈniθ/ underneaths n
dół spód
A background radio sound track played during a specific announcement or program.

underneath /ʌndəˈniθ/ /ʌndɚˈnið/ /ʌndɚˈniθ/ preposition
pod
Under, below, beneath.

undernutrition n
niedożywienie
Inadequate nutrition, either due to a lack of food, or to the inability of the body to absorb its nutrients

underpants /ˈʌndə(ɹ)ˌpænts/ n
majtki gacie gatki slipy
underwear covering the genitalia and often buttocks, usually going no higher than the navel.

underpass underpasses n
przejście podziemne
A passage that crosses a road, railroad or similar obstacle in a tunnel underneath it.

underpay v
niedopłacać niedopłacić
(transitive) To pay (someone) less than the value of their work; to pay (someone) insufficiently.

underperform v
dokonać dokonywać
To underachieve; to fail to reach standards or expectations, especially with respect to a financial investment.

underpin /ˈʌn.dɚˌpɪn/ /ˌʌn.dəˈpɪn/ /ˌʌn.dɚˈpɪn/ v
podtrzymywać
(transitive) To support from below with props or masonry.
(transitive, figuratively) To give support to; to form a basis of; to corroborate.

underpromotion underpromotions n
słaba promocja
(chess) Promotion of a pawn to a piece other than a queen.

underqualified more underqualified most underqualified adj
za mało wykwalifikowany

underrated more underrated most underrated adj
niedoceniany niedoceniony
Not given enough recognition for its quality

underrepresentation underrepresentations n
niedoreprezentacja

underscore /ˈʌn.dəˌskɔː(ɹ)/ /ˈʌn.dɚˌskɔɹ/ underscores n
podkreślnik podkreślenie podłoga
A line drawn or printed beneath text; the character _.

understand /(ˌ)ʌndəˈstænd/ /ˌɞndəɹˈstand/ /ˌʌndɚˈstænd/ [ˌʌɾ̃ɚˈsteə̯nd] [ˌʌɾ̃ɚˈstæ̃nd] v
rozumieć pojmować zrozumieć być świadomym znaczenia pojąć
(transitive) (of communication or means of communication: words, statements, signs, etc.) To know the meaning of; to parse or have parsed correctly; to comprehend.
(transitive) (of people) To know the intent, motives or character of; (of events) to know the causes of or reasons for.
rozumieć pojmować
(transitive, usually with clause as object) To comprehend a fact or principle; to regard or come to regard a belief as such.
(transitive) To believe, to think one grasps sufficiently despite potentially incomplete knowledge.

understandable more understandable most understandable adj
zrozumiały
Capable of being understood; comprehensible.
Capable of being accepted or excused under the circumstances.

understandably more understandably most understandably adv
zrozumiale
For reasons that are easy to understand or sympathise with.
In an understandable manner.

understanding /ʌndəˈstandɪŋ/ /ˌʌndɚˈstændɪŋ/ more understanding most understanding adj
wyrozumiały
Showing compassion, tolerance, and forbearance.

understanding /ʌndəˈstandɪŋ/ /ˌʌndɚˈstændɪŋ/ understandings n
zrozumienie pojmowanie
(gerund, uncountable) The act of one that understands or comprehends; comprehension; knowledge; discernment.
wyrozumiałość zrozumienie
(uncountable) Sympathy.

understate v
niedomówić niedookreślić
(transitive) To state (something) with less completeness than needed; to minimise or downplay.

understated more understated most understated adj
bezpretensjonalny skromny
Restrained and unpretentious.

understatement understatements n
niedomówienie niedookreślenie
An incomplete disclosure that intentionally withholds relevant information.

understimulated more understimulated most understimulated adj
niedobodźcowany

understory /ˈʌndəstɔːɹi/ /ˈʌndɚˌstoɹi/ understories understorys n
podszyt
(ecology, also, attributively) The (layer of) plants that grow in the shade of the canopy of a forest above the forest floor.

undertake /ʌndəˈteɪk/ v
przedsięwziąć
(intransitive) To commit oneself (to an obligation, activity etc.).

undertaking /ˈʌndə(ɹ)ˌteɪkɪŋ/ undertakings n
antrepryza przedsięwzięcie
That which is undertaken; any business, work, or project which a person engages in, or attempts to perform; an enterprise.
The act of one who undertakes (in either sense).

undertreat v
za mało uzdatniać za mało uzdatnić

underwater /ʌndə(ɹ)ˈwɔːtə/ /ʌndɚˈwɔtəɹ/ more underwater most underwater adj
pod wodą podwodny
(not comparable) Beneath the surface of the water; of or pertaining to the region beneath the water surface.

underway /ʌndə(ɹ)ˈweɪ/ more underway most underway adv
w toku
In motion, in progress; being done or carried out; on a journey.

underwear /ˈʌndəwɛə/ /ˈʌndɚwɚ/ /ˈʌndɚˌwɛɹ/ n
bielizna
Clothes worn next to the skin, underneath outer clothing.

underweight more underweight most underweight adj
mający niedowagę niedoważony
Of an inappropriately or unusually low weight.

underweight underweights n
niedowaga
(uncountable) The state or quality of being underweight.

underwhelm v
rozczarować
To fail to impress; to perform disappointingly.

underworld underworlds n
zaświaty
(religion, or, mythology) The world of the dead, located underneath the world of the living; the afterlife.
półświatek
That part of society that is engaged in crime or vice, and particularly those involved in organized crime.

underwrite /ʌndəˈɹaɪt/ /ˈʌndəɹaɪt/ v
odpisać ubezpieczyć
(transitive) Specifically, to assume financial responsibility for something, and guarantee it against failure.

underwriter underwriters n
asekurant asekurator ubezpieczyciel
(insurance) A person working for an insurance company who arranges and authorizes an insurance policy with a broker or insured.

undesirable more undesirable most undesirable adj
niepożądany
Objectionable or not likely to please.

undetectable more undetectable most undetectable adj
nieodczuwalny niewykrywalny
Unable to be detected; not detectable.

undethronable adj
nie dający się detronizować

undeveloped more undeveloped most undeveloped adj
nierozwinięty
not developed or used
lagging behind others, especially in economic or social matters

undignified more undignified most undignified adj
niegodny poniżający pozbawiony godności
lacking in or damaging to dignity

undine /ˈʌndiːn/ undines n
ondyna
A female water-sprite or nymph.

undisputed more undisputed most undisputed adj
bezsprzeczny bezdyskusyjny niekwestionowany
Universally agreed upon; not disputed
bezdyskusyjny bezsprzeczny niekwestionowany
Unchallenged and accepted without question

undisputedly adv
bezdyskusyjnie

undisputedness n
bezdyskusyjność

undocumented adj
nieudokumentowany
(of a person) Not having official documentation required to legally enter, reside in, or work in a country.
Not having official documents that provide identification, authorization, etc.

undocumented immigrant undocumented immigrants n
nieudokumentowana imigrantka nieudokumentowany imigrant

undoing /ʌnˈduːɪŋ/ undoings n
klęska ruina zagłada zguba
Ruin; defeat, (also) that which causes defeat or ruin.

undoubled adj
niepodwojony
Not doubled.

undress /ʌnˈdɹɛs/ undresses n
dezabil negliż
(now, archaic, or, historical) Informal clothing for men, as opposed to formal or ceremonial wear.
Now more specifically, a state of having few or no clothes on.

undress /ʌnˈdɹɛs/ v
rozbierać się
(intransitive) To remove one’s clothing. [from 17th c.]
rozbierać
(transitive) To remove the clothing of (someone). [from 17th c.]

undrinkable more undrinkable most undrinkable adj
nie zdatny do picia
Not drinkable.

undulate /ˈʌndjəleɪt/ /ˈʌndjələt/ /ˈʌndjəlɪt/ /ˈʌndjʊleɪt/ /ˈʌndjʊlɪt/ /ˈʌndəleɪt/ /ˈʌndələt/ /ˈʌndəlɪt/ /ˈʌnd͡ʒəleɪt/ /ˈʌnd͡ʒələt/ /ˈʌnd͡ʒəlɪt/ /ˈʌnd͡ʒʊleɪt/ /ˈʌnd͡ʒʊlɪt/ more undulate most undulate adj
falisty pofałdowany
Wavy in appearance or form.
falujący
Changing the pitch and volume of one's voice.

undulate /ˈʌndjəleɪt/ /ˈʌndjələt/ /ˈʌndjəlɪt/ /ˈʌndjʊleɪt/ /ˈʌndjʊlɪt/ /ˈʌndəleɪt/ /ˈʌndələt/ /ˈʌndəlɪt/ /ˈʌnd͡ʒəleɪt/ /ˈʌnd͡ʒələt/ /ˈʌnd͡ʒəlɪt/ /ˈʌnd͡ʒʊleɪt/ /ˈʌnd͡ʒʊlɪt/ v
zafalować
(transitive) To cause to move in a wavelike motion.
falować
(intransitive) To move in wavelike motions.

undulated antshrike undulated antshrikes n
mrówkodzierzb falisty
a passerine bird of the antbird family, Frederickena unduligera.

undulation undulations n
zafalowanie
An instance or act of undulating.
falistość
A wavy appearance or outline; waviness.
falowanie
A wavelike motion of the air; electromagnetic radiation.

unduly /ʌnˈdjuːli/ /ʌnˈduːli/ more unduly most unduly adv
bezpodstawnie nadmiernie nienależnie niesłusznie
Undeservedly; in a way that is not warranted.

undying more undying most undying adj
dozgonny
permanent; never-ending; infinite

uneconomic more uneconomic most uneconomic adj
nieekonomiczny

uneducated /ʌnˈɛdjʊkeɪtɪd/ /ʌnˈɛd͡ʒəkeɪtɪd/ /ʌnˈɛd͡ʒʊkeɪtɪd/ more uneducated most uneducated adj
niewykształcony
not educated

unemployed /ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪd/ adj
bezrobotny niezatrudniony
Having no job despite being able and willing to work.
bezrobotni
Having no use, not doing work

unemployment /ʌn.ɪmˈplɔɪ.mənt/ unemployments n
bezrobocie
The state of having no job; joblessness.

unemployment benefit unemployment benefits n
zasiłek dla bezrobotnych
(often, in plural) Money paid by the government, special-purpose fund or similar to those who are unemployed and looking for work.

unemployment rate unemployment rates n
stopa bezrobocia

unenviable more unenviable most unenviable adj
nie do pozazdroszczenia
Difficult, undesirable, or unpleasant; not to be envied.

unequivocal /ʌnɪˈkwɪvəkəl/ /ˌʌnɪˈkwɪvəkəl/ more unequivocal most unequivocal adj
jednoznaczny, niedwuznaczny, bezsprzeczny
Unambiguous; without equivocation or ambiguity; singularly clear, unmistakable, or unquestionable

unerring /ʌnˈɜːɹ.ɪŋ/ more unerring most unerring adj
nieomylny niechybny
(often, figurative) consistently accurate; not missing a target.

unethical more unethical most unethical adj
nieetyczny

uneven bars n
poręcze asymetryczne
A set of exercise apparatus consisting of two horizontal bars at a small distance apart and set at different heights.

unexampled adj
bezprzykładny
Lacking prior examples; unprecedented.

unexpected /ʌnɪkˈspɛktɪd/ more unexpected most unexpected adj
nieoczekiwany
Not expected, anticipated or foreseen.

unexpectedly /ʌnɪkˈspɛktɪdli/ more unexpectedly most unexpectedly adv
nieoczekiwanie niespodziewanie niespodzianie
In an unexpected manner.

unexplained adj
niewyjaśniony
Not explained; of unknown cause or origin.

unexploded adj
niewybuchły
Not exploded.

unfailingly more unfailingly most unfailingly adv
bezawaryjnie

unfailingness n
bezawaryjność

unfair /ʌnˈfɛə(ɹ)/ /ʌnˈfɛɚ/ /ʌnˈfɛː(ɹ)/ [ɐnˈfɛə(ɹ)] [ɐnˈfɛː(ɹ)] unfairer unfairest adj
niesprawiedliwy nieuczciwy
not fair, unjust

unfair competition n
nieuczciwa konkurencja

unfairness unfairnesses n
niesprawiedliwość
(uncountable) The state of being unfair; lack of justice.

unfaithful more unfaithful most unfaithful adj
niewierny
Not having religious faith.
Not keeping good faith; disloyal; not faithful.
Adulterous.
(translation studies) Not faithfully rendering the meaning of the source language; incorrect.

unfamiliar /ˌʌnfəˈmɪli.ə(ɹ)/ more unfamiliar most unfamiliar adj
nieznany
Strange, not familiar.

unfathomable /ʌnˈfæðməbəl/ /ʌnˈfæðəməbəl/ more unfathomable most unfathomable adj
niezgłębiony
Impossible to fathom or understand.

unfazed /ʌnˈfeɪzd/ more unfazed most unfazed adj
niewzruszony
Not frightened or hesitant; undaunted; not put off; unimpressed.

unfeathered adj
bezpióry nieopierzony
Lacking feathers

unfetter /ʌnˈfɛtɚ/ [ʌnˈfɛɾɚ] v
wyswabadzać wyswobadzać wyswobodzić
To release from fetters; to unchain; to let loose; to free.

unfinished /ʌnˈfɪnɪʃt/ adj
niedokończony
Not finished, not completed.

unflappable /ʌnˈflæpəbəl/ more unflappable most unflappable adj
niewzruszony
Remaining composed and level-headed at all times; impossible to fluster; not becoming frustrated or irritated easily. [from 1954]

unfollow v
przestać obserwować
(transitive, intransitive, social media) To cease to subscribe to (a feed of another user's activity).

unforeseeable more unforeseeable most unforeseeable adj
nieprzewidywalny
Incapable of being foreseen or anticipated.

unforeseen adj
nieprzewidziany
Not foreseen.
nieprzewidziany niespodziewany
Not expected.

unforgettable /ˌʌnfə(ɹ)ˈɡɛtəbəl/ more unforgettable most unforgettable adj
niezapomniany
Very difficult or impossible to forget.

unforgivable more unforgivable most unforgivable adj
niewybaczalny
Not forgivable; inexcusable.

unforgiving more unforgiving most unforgiving adj
bezpardonowy pamiętliwy
(figurative) Having no allowance for weakness.

unforgivingly more unforgivingly most unforgivingly adv
bezpardonowo

unforgivingness n
bezpardonowość

unfortified more unfortified most unfortified adj
nieufortyfikowany
Not fortified.

unfortunate /ʌnˈfɔɹt͡ʃənɪt/ /ʌnˈfɔːtjʊnət/ /ʌnˈfɔːt͡ʃənət/ more unfortunate most unfortunate adj
fatalny pechowy
Not favored by fortune.

unfortunately /ʌnˈfɔɹt͡ʃənɪtli/ /ʌnˈfɔːtjʊnətli/ /ʌnˈfɔːt͡ʃənətli/ more unfortunately most unfortunately adv
niestety
Happening through bad luck, or because of some unfortunate event.

unfounded adj
bezpodstawny bezzasadny nieuzasadniony
Having no strong foundation; not based on solid reasons or facts.

unfoundedly more unfoundedly most unfoundedly adv
bezpodstawnie bezzasadnie niesłusznie

unfoundedness n
bezpodstawność bezzasadność

unfruitful more unfruitful most unfruitful adj
bezowocny
(mostly, figurative) Not bearing fruit.

unfulfillable adj
niespełnialny

unfunnily more unfunnily most unfunnily adv
nieśmiesznie

unfunny more unfunny most unfunny unfunnier unfunniest adj
nieśmieszny

unfurl /ʌnˈfəːl/ /ʌnˈfɝl/ v
rozwijać rozwinąć
To unroll or release something that had been rolled up, typically a sail or a flag.

ungodly /ʌnˈɡɑdli/ /ʌnˈɡɒdli/ more ungodly most ungodly ungodlier ungodliest adj
bezbożny
(informal) Extreme; unreasonable.

ungrammatical more ungrammatical most ungrammatical adj
agramatyzcny niegramatyczny
(linguistics) In violation of one or more of the rules and conventions of a language as defined by the grammar, resulting in unacceptable or incorrect usage.

ungrammatically more ungrammatically most ungrammatically adv
niegramatycznie

ungrammaticalness n
niegramatyczność

ungrateful /ʌnˈɡɹeɪtfəl/ more ungrateful most ungrateful adj
niewdzięczny
Not grateful; not expressing gratitude.

ungual adj
paznokciowy
(biology) Pertaining to or resembling a creature's nail, claw or hoof; unguinal.

ungulate /ˈʌŋɡjəleɪt/ /ˈʌŋɡjələt/ more ungulate most ungulate adj
kopytny
Having hooves.

ungulate /ˈʌŋɡjəleɪt/ /ˈʌŋɡjələt/ ungulates n
kopytne
An ungulate animal; a hooved mammal.

unhappiness unhappinesses n
nieszczęście
The feeling of not being happy

unhealthy /ʌnˈhɛl.θi/ more unhealthy most unhealthy unhealthier unhealthiest adj
niezdrowy
characterized by, or conducive to poor health

unheard-of more unheard-of most unheard-of adj
niesłychany
Previously unknown; unprecedented.

unhelpful /ʌnˈhɛlpfəl/ more unhelpful most unhelpful adj
nieprzydatny
Not providing help or assistance; not helpful.

unheralded adj
nieoczekiwany
Without prior warning; unexpected or unannounced.

unhesitatingly adv
bez wahania

unhook v
odhaczać odhaczyć
(transitive) To remove from a hook.

unhoped-for more unhoped-for most unhoped-for adj
nieoczekiwany niespodziewany
Not expected or imagined.

unhygienic more unhygienic most unhygienic adj
niehigieniczny antysanitarny
Lacking hygiene; unclean.

uni /ˈjuː.ni/ unis n
uniwerek
(colloquial, chiefly, Britain, Nigeria, Australia, NZ, Canada) University.

uniaxial adj
jednoosiowy
Having a single axis; monoaxial

unicameral /junɪˈkæməɹəl/ /juːniːˈkaməɹəl/ adj
jednoizbowy unikameralny
(government) Of, or having, a single legislative chamber.

unicellular /ˌjuːnɪˈsɛljʊlə(ɹ)/ adj
jednokomórkowy
(biology) Describing any microorganism that has a single cell

unicellular /ˌjuːnɪˈsɛljʊlə(ɹ)/ unicellulars n
jednokomórkowiec
A single-celled organism; a unicell.

unicorn /ˈjunɪkɔɹn/ /ˈjuːnɪkɔːn/ unicorns n
jednorożec
A mythical beast resembling a horse or deer with a single, straight, spiraled horn projecting from its forehead.

unicycle /ˈjun.əˌsaɪ.kəl/ /ˈjun.ɪˌsaɪ.kəl/ unicycles n
rower jednokołowy monocykl
A type of cycle that has only one wheel and is powered by pedals; it is most often used by acrobats.

unidentifiable more unidentifiable most unidentifiable adj
nieidentyfikowalny
Difficult, if not impossible, to identify or name

unidentified flying object unidentified flying objects n
niezidentyfikowany obiekt latający
Anything not readily explainable appearing to move through or be suspended in the air, primarily used to refer to objects that seem to be at least of small familiar aircraft size.

unidiomatic more unidiomatic most unidiomatic adj
nieidiomatyczny
Not idiomatic.

unidirectional /ˌjuː.nɪ.dɪˈɹɛk.ʃə.nəl, -daɪ-, -ˈɹɛkʃ.nəl/ /ˌjuː.nɪ.dɪˈɹɛk.ʃə.nəl, -daɪ-/ [ˌjuː.nɨ.dɨˈɹɛk.ʃə.nl̩, -daɪ-, -ˈɹɛkʃ.nl̩] [ˌjuː.nɪ̈.dɪ̈ˈɹɛk.ʃə.nl̩, -daɪ-] adj
jednokierunkowy
Pertaining to only one direction, e.g.: where all component parts are aligned in the same direction in space.

unification unifications n
unifikacja
The act of unifying.

uniform /ˈjunɪfɚm/ /ˈjunɪˌfɔɹm/ /ˈjuːnɪfɔːm/ more uniform most uniform adj
jednorodny jednolity
Unvarying; all the same.
jednorodny spójny
Consistent; conforming to one standard.

uniform /ˈjunɪfɚm/ /ˈjunɪˌfɔɹm/ /ˈjuːnɪfɔːm/ uniforms n
mundur uniform mundurek
A distinctive outfit that serves to identify members of a group.

uniform antshrike uniform antshrikes n
chronka jednobarwna
A passerine bird of the antbird family, Thamnophilus unicolor,

uniform continuity n
jednostajna ciągłość
(analysis, of a function) The property of being uniformly continuous.

uniform convergence uniform convergences n
zbieżność jednostajna

uniformitarianism /juːnɪfɔːmɪˈtɛːɹɪənɪzm/ n
aktualizm
(chiefly, _, geology) The scientific principle that natural processes operated in the past in the same way and at the same rates that they operate today. [from 19th c.]

uniformizable adj
zdolny do czynienia równomiernym

uniformization uniformizations n
czynienie równomiernym

uniformize /ˈjunɪfɔɹˌmaɪz/ /ˈjuːnɪfɔːˌmaɪz/ v
czynić równomiernym
(mathematics) To carry out a process of uniformization, by which a multiple-valued function on a Riemann surface is converted to a single-valued function.

uniformly continuous adj
jednostajnie ciągły
(analysis, of a function from a metric space X to a metric space Y) That for every real ε > 0 there exists a real δ > 0 such that for all pairs of points x and y in X for which D_X (x, y) < \delta , it must be the case that D_Y (f(x), f(y)) < \epsilon (where DX and DY are the metrics of X and Y, respectively).

unify /ˈjuːnɪfaɪ/ v
jednoczyć zjednoczyć
(transitive) Cause to become one; make into a unit; consolidate; merge; combine.
jednoczyć się zjednoczyć się
(intransitive) Become one.

unilateral /ˌjuːnɪˈlætərəl/ [ˌjʉː.nəˈɫæɾ.ɚ.ɻɫ̩] [ˌjʉː.nɪˈlæt.ə.ɹɫ̩] [ˌjʉː.nɪˈlæt͡ʃ.ɹɫ̩] more unilateral most unilateral adj
jednostronny
Done by one side only.

unilaterally more unilaterally most unilaterally adv
jednostronnie
In a unilateral or one-sided way.

unimaginable /ˌʌnɪˈmædʒɪnəbəl/ more unimaginable most unimaginable adj
niewyobrażalny niepojęty
unable to be imagined; inconceivable or mind-boggling; beyond belief

unimaginably more unimaginably most unimaginably adv
niewyobrażalnie

unimodal adj
jednomodalny
(mathematics) Having a single mode (local maximum).

unimodality n
jednomodalność
(mathematics) The condition of being unimodal.

unimportant /ˌʌnɪmˈpo(ː)ɹtənt/ /ˌʌnɪmˈpoə.tənt/ /ˌʌnɪmˈpɔɹtənt/ /ˌʌnɪmˈpɔːtənt/ more unimportant most unimportant adj
nieważny bez znaczenia
petty; not important or noteworthy

uninducible more uninducible most uninducible adj
nie dający się indukcji

uninflectable adj
nieodmienialny nieodmienny
(linguistics) Not inflectable; that cannot be inflected.

uninflected adj
nieodmienny
(of a word) That which has not been inflected.

uninformative more uninformative most uninformative adj
niepouczający

uninhabitable more uninhabitable most uninhabitable adj
niezamieszkiwalny
Not fit for people (or other living things) to live in; not able to be inhabited.

uninhabited /ˌʌn.ɪnˈhæb.ɪ.tɪd/ adj
bezludny niezamieszkany
Not inhabited; having no inhabitants.

uninhabitedness n
bezludność

uninstall v
odinstalowywać dezinstalować odinstalować
(computing) To completely remove hardware or software from a computer system.

uninstallation uninstallations n
dezinstalacja
(software) The process of removing a program from a computer.

uninstaller uninstallers n
dezinstalator
(computing) A program that uninstalls software.

unintelligibility unintelligibilities n
niezrozumiałość
(uncountable) The quality or condition of being unintelligible.

unintelligible /ˌʌnɪnˈtɛlɪd͡ʒɪbəl/ more unintelligible most unintelligible adj
niezrozumiały
Not intelligible; unable to be understood.

unintentionally more unintentionally most unintentionally adv
nieumyślnie
In an unintentional manner; not intentionally.

uninterested more uninterested most uninterested adj
niezainteresowany
Not interested; indifferent, not concerned.

uninteresting more uninteresting most uninteresting adj
nieciekawy
Arousing little or no interest; boring or uneventful.

uninterruptible power supply uninterruptible power supplies n
zasilacz awaryjny zasilacz bezprzerwowy

uninvited adj
niechciany nieproszony
Not invited.

union /ˈjuː.ni.ən/ /ˈjuː.njən/ unions n
związek sojusz unia
(countable) The state of being united or joined; a state of unity or harmony.
związek unia
(countable) That which is united, or made one; something formed by a combination or coalition of parts or members; a confederation; a consolidated body; a league.
suma (zbiorów) suma mnogościowa
(countable, set theory) The set containing all of the elements of two or more sets.
małżeństwo
(countable) The act or state of marriage.
unia
(countable, programming) A data structure that can store any of various types of item, but only one at a time.

unionist unionists n
związkowiec
A trade unionist.

uniparental adj
jednorodzicielski
From or with only one parent.

unique /juːˈniːk/ /jəˈniːk/ more unique most unique uniquer uniquest adj
unikalny wyjątkowy niepowtarzalny unikatowy
(uncomparable) Being the only one of its kind; unequaled, unparalleled or unmatched.
Of a feature, such that only one holder has it.

unisexual adj
jednopłciowy
Of an organism, having characteristics of a single sex (as opposed to hermaphrodites).
Of a species, having only a single (potentially hermaphroditic) sex (as opposed to bisexual).

unison /ˈjunɪsən/ /ˈjunɪzən/ unisons n
unisono
(music, acoustics) Identical pitch between two notes or sounds; the simultaneous playing of notes of identical pitch (or separated by one or more octaves). [from 15th c.]
The state of being in harmony or agreement; harmonious agreement or togetherness, synchronisation. [from 17th c.]

unit /ˈ(j)ɪu̯.nɪt/ /ˈjuː.nɪt/ adj
jednostkowy
(mathematics) Having a size or magnitude of one.

unit /ˈ(j)ɪu̯.nɪt/ /ˈjuː.nɪt/ units n
jednostka
(sciences) A standard measure of a quantity.
An organized group comprising people and/or equipment.
(military, informal) A member of a military organization.
(US, military) An organization title of a subdivision of a group in a task force.
(US, military) A standard or basic quantity into which an item of supply is divided, issued, or detailed. In this meaning, also called unit of issue.
(US, military) With regard to Reserve Components of the Armed Forces, denotes a Selected Reserve unit organized, equipped, and trained for mobilization to serve on active duty as a unit or to augment or be augmented by another unit. Headquarters and support functions without wartime missions are not considered units.
jedynka jedność
The number one.
sztuka jednostka
(commerce) An item which may be sold singly.
jedynka jednostka
(US, Australia, New Zealand) a measure of housing equivalent to the living quarters of one household; an apartment where a group of apartments is contained in one or more multi-storied buildings or a group of dwellings is in one or more single storey buildings, usually arranged around a driveway.

unit circle unit circles n
okrąg jednostkowy
(trigonometry, the unit circle) The circle of radius 1 with centre at the origin, used in defining trigonometric functions.

unit of measure units of measure n
jednostka miary
Any standardized, reproducible unit that can be used to measure any physical property.

unit price unit prices n
cena jednostkowa
(business, marketing) The price of a standard amount of a good, as of weight or volume.

unitarian unitarians n
unitarianin unitarianka
(Christianity) A Christian who denies the doctrine of the Trinity, usually stressing some distinctions between God the Father and God the Son without denying the divinity of Jesus.

unitarianism unitarianisms n
unitarianizm
The belief in a single God, not divided into any aspects, particularly when presented as a contrast to Christian trinitarianism.

unitary state unitary states n
państwo unitarne
A state or country that is governed constitutionally as one single unit, with one constitutionally created legislature.

unite /juˈnaɪt/ /jʊˈnaɪt/ [ju̟ˈnaɪ̯(ʔ)t̚] [ju̟ˈnaɪ̯ʔ] [jəˈnaɪ̯ʔ] [jʊˈnaɪ̯(ʔ)t̚] [jʊˈnaɪ̯ʔ] v
jednoczyć
(transitive) To bring together as one.

united /juˈnaɪtɪd/ /juːˈnaɪtɪd/ /jʊˈnaɪtɪd/ [juˈnaɪ̯ɾɪ̈d] [ju̟ˈnaɪ̯ɾɪ̈d] [jəˈnaɪ̯ɾɪ̈d] [jʊˈnaɪ̯ɾɪ̈d] adj
zjednoczony
Joined into a single entity.

united we stand, divided we fall proverb
zgoda buduje, niezgoda rujnuje
People are more successful as a group than as individuals.

unity /ˈjunəti/ /ˈjunɪti/ /ˈjuːnəti/ /ˈjuːnɪti/ unities n
jedność łączność
(uncountable) Oneness; the state or fact of being one undivided entity.

unity is strength proverb
w jedności siła
Being united makes us become stronger.

unity of action n
jedność akcji

unity of place n
jedność miejsca

unity of time n
jedność czasu

univalent /juːˈnɪvələnt/ /ˌjuːnɪˈveɪlənt/ adj
jednowartościowy
(chemistry) Having an atomic valence of 1, or having only one valence.

univerbation univerbations n
uniwerbizacja
(linguistics) The diachronic process of forming a new single word from a fixed expression of several words.

universal /ˌjunɪˈvɝsl̩/ /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsl̩/ more universal most universal adj
kosmiczny uniwersalny
Of or pertaining to the universe.
uniwersalny powszechny ogólny
Common to all members of a group or class.
uniwersalny
Common to all society; worldwide.
Useful for many purposes; all-purpose.

universal bank universal banks n
bank uniwersalny
(banking, finance) A bank that is both a commercial bank and investment bank, which may also be a retail bank, insurance broker and/or provider of other financial services.

universal banking n
bankowość uniwersalna
(banking, finance) The activities of a universal bank.

universal joint universal joints n
kardan przegub Cardana przegub krzyżakowy
A coupling that allows different parts of a machine not in line with each other some freedom of movement at the same time as transmitting rotary motion.

universal quantifier universal quantifiers n
kwantyfikator ogólny
(logic) The operator, represented by the symbol ∀, used in predicate calculus to indicate that a predicate is true for all members of a specified set. Verbal equivalents include "for each" and "for every".

universality /ˌju.nɪ.vɝˈsæl.ə.ti/ /ˌjuː.nɪ.vɜːˈsæl.ə.ti/ /ˌjʉː.nɪ.vɜːˈsæl.ə.ti/ [ˌju.nɪ.vɝˈsæl.ə.ɾi] [ˌjʉː.nɪ.vɜːˈsæl.ə.ɾi] universalities n
uniwersalność
the property of being universal, common to all members of a class

universe /ˈjuːniːˌvɜ(ɹ)s/ /ˈjuːnəˌvɝs/ /ˈjuːnɪˌvɜːs/ universes n
wszechświat
An entity similar to our universe; one component of a larger entity known as the multiverse.
(archaic) The Earth, the sphere of the world.
uniwersum
An imaginary collection of worlds.

university /junɪˈvɚsəti/ /junɪˈvɚsɪti/ /juːnɪˈvɜːsəti/ universities n
uniwersytet uczelnia wszechnica
Institution of higher education (typically accepting students from the age of about 17 or 18, depending on country, but in some exceptional cases able to take younger students) where subjects are studied and researched in depth and degrees are offered.

university student n
student studentka

unjust /ʌnˈd͡ʒʌst/ more unjust most unjust adj
niesprawiedliwy
Not fair, just or right.

unjustified more unjustified most unjustified adj
bezpodstawny bezzasadny nieuzasadniony
Not justified, having no justification, unwarranted.

unjustifiedly more unjustifiedly most unjustifiedly adv
bezpodstawnie bezzasadnie niesłusznie
Without justification; in an unjustified manner.

unjustifiedness n
bezpodstawność bezzasadność

unknowing more unknowing most unknowing adj
bezwiedny
Without knowing; ignorant.

unknowingly /ʌnˈnəʊ.ɪŋ.li/ adv
bezwiednie
Without awareness, without intent.

unknown /ʌnˈnoʊn/ /ʌnˈnəʊn/ more unknown most unknown adj
nieznany nieznajomy niewiadomy
(sometimes, _, postpositive) Not known; unidentified; not well known.

unknown /ʌnˈnoʊn/ /ʌnˈnəʊn/ unknowns n
niewiadoma
(algebra) A variable (usually x, y or z) whose value is to be found.

unlawful more unlawful most unlawful adj
bezprawny niedozwolony nielegalny
(legal) Prohibited; not permitted by law (either civil or criminal law; see illegal).

unlawfully more unlawfully most unlawfully adv
bezprawnie

unlawfulness unlawfulnesses n
bezprawność nielegalność nieprawność
(uncountable) The state of being unlawful.
bezprawie
(countable) An unlawful act.

unleaded /ˌʌnˈlɛd.əd/ adj
bezołowiowy
Without lead.

unleash /ʌnˈliʃ/ v
spuścić
(transitive) To free from a leash, or as from a leash.

unleavened adj
przaśny
without any yeast or other raising agent

unless /ənˈlɛs/ /ʌnˈlɛs/ conjunction
chyba że
Except on a specified condition; if not.

unlike /ʌnˈlaɪk/ preposition
w przeciwieństwie do
In contrast with; as opposed to.

unlistenable more unlistenable most unlistenable adj
nie do słuchania
(music, acoustics) Of a sound quality or characteristic that a person cannot long listen to.

unliterary adj
aliteracki

unlock /anˈlɔk/ /ʌnˈlɑk/ /ʌnˈlɒk/ v
otworzyć (kluczem)
(transitive) To undo or open a lock or something locked by, for example, turning a key, or selecting a combination.

unlosability n
niezdolność do przegrywania niezdolność do stracenia niezdolność do zgubienia

unlosable adj
zdolny do przegrywania zdolny do stracenia zdolny do zgubienia

unlovable more unlovable most unlovable adj
nie do kochania

unlovableness n
cecha tego, co jest nie do kochania

unlove n
niechęć niekochanie niemiłość
The lack, absence, or omission of love; lovelessness; enmity; neglect; hate.

unmanned /ʌnˈmænd/ adj
bezzałogowy
Not operated by a person or a crew.

unmarked adj
nieoznakowany
Not bearing identification.

unmarried /ʌnˈmæɹ.id/ /ʌnˈmɛɹ.id/ adj
niezamężna nieżonaty niewydana niewydany
Having no husband or wife.

unmask /ʌnˈmæsk/ /ʌnˈmɑːsk/ v
zrzucić maskę
(transitive) To remove a mask from someone.
(transitive) To expose, or reveal the true character of someone.
(intransitive) To remove one's mask.

unmatched more unmatched most unmatched adj
bezkonkurencyjny
peerless; unrivalled; beyond comparison

unmentionable more unmentionable most unmentionable adj
niecenzuralny nieparlamentarny
Too embarrassing or shocking to be discussed.

unmistakable more unmistakable most unmistakable adj
charakterystyczny nieomylny niepowtarzalny niewątpliwy wyraźny
Unique, such that it cannot be mistaken for something else.

unmistakably adv
niewątpliwie wyraźnie
In an unmistakable manner; unquestionably.

unnamed /ˌʌnˈneɪmd/ adj
bezimienny nienazwany
Not having a name.

unneatness n
bezporządek

unnecessarily more unnecessarily most unnecessarily adv
niekoniecznie
In an unnecessary way; not by necessity.

unnecessary /ʌnˈnɛ.sə.s(ə)ɹɪ/ /ʌnˈnɛ.səˌsɛ.ɹi/ /ʌnˈnɛ.səˌsɛ.ɹɪ/ /ʌnˈnɛs.ə.ɹɪ/ more unnecessary most unnecessary adj
niepotrzebny niekonieczny zbędny
Not needed or necessary.

unneeded more unneeded most unneeded adj
niepotrzebny
Not needed.

unnoticed /ʌnˈnoʊtɪst/ /ʌnˈnəʊtɪst/ more unnoticed most unnoticed adj
niezauważony
Not noticed.

unnutritious more unnutritious most unnutritious adj
beztreściwy

unobjective more unobjective most unobjective adj
nieobiektywny
Not objective

unobtrusively /ˌʌn.əbˈtɹuː.sɪv.li/ more unobtrusively most unobtrusively adv
dyskretnie
In an unobtrusive manner; in a manner that is not noticeable or blatant.

unofficial /ʌn.əˈfɪʃ.əl/ more unofficial most unofficial adj
nieoficjalny
Not officially established.
Not acting with official authority.

unopportunistic more unopportunistic most unopportunistic adj
nieoportunistyczny
Not opportunistic.

unoptional adj
nieopcjonalny

unorganizedness n
niezorganizowanie

unorthodox /ʌnˈɔɹθədɑks/ /ʌnˈɔːθədɒks/ more unorthodox most unorthodox adj
nieszablonowy
Unusual, unconventional, or idiosyncratic.

unpack /ʌnˈpæk/ v
rozpakować rozpakowywać
(transitive) To remove from a package or container, particularly with respect to items that had previously been arranged closely and securely in a pack.

unpaid /ʌnˈpeɪd/ adj
niepłatny
Not paid for.
Of work: done without agreed payment, usually voluntarily.

unpalatable more unpalatable most unpalatable adj
niesmaczny
Unpleasant to the taste.

unparallel adj
nie równoległy

unparalleled more unparalleled most unparalleled adj
bezprzykładny
Having no parallel; without equal; lacking anything similar or worthy of comparison.

unparalleledly more unparalleledly most unparalleledly adv
bezprzykładnie

unparallelness n
nierównoległość

unpeeled adj
nieobrany

unplain more unplain most unplain adj
nieoczywisty niezwyczajny

unplayable more unplayable most unplayable adj
niegrywalny
(of a musical work) That cannot be played, that is too hard too play.
That cannot be played; that is impossible or unreasonable (too difficult, etc.) to play.

unpleasant /ʌnˈplɛzənt/ more unpleasant most unpleasant unpleasanter unpleasantest adj
nieprzyjemny
Not pleasant.

unpleasantly more unpleasantly most unpleasantly adv
nieprzyjemnie szpetnie
In an unpleasant manner.

unpleasantness /ʌnˈplɛz.ənt.nəs/ unpleasantnesses n
nieprzyjemność
(uncountable) The property of being unpleasant or disagreeable.

unplug /ʌnˈplʌɡ/ v
odłączyć
(transitive) To disconnect from a supply, especially an electrical socket.

unplugged /ʌnˈplʌɡd/ adj
akustycznie
(music) Using acoustic instruments, especially instead of electric ones.

unpolished more unpolished most unpolished adj
niedopracowany
Not polished; not brought to a polish.

unpopular more unpopular most unpopular adj
niepopularny
Lacking popularity.

unpowerful more unpowerful most unpowerful adj
niepotężny niesilny

unpowerfulness n
niesiła

unprecedented /-pɹiː-/ /-pɹɛs-/ /-tɘd/ /ʌnˈpɹesədentəd/ /ʌnˈpɹiːsədɛntəd/ /ʌnˈpɹɛsɪdɛntɪd/ adj
bezprecedensowy
Never before seen, done, or experienced; without precedent.

unprecedentedly more unprecedentedly most unprecedentedly adv
bezprecedensowo
In an unprecedented manner.

unprecedentedness n
bezprecedensowość
Quality of being unprecedented.

unpredictability unpredictabilities n
nieprzewidywalność
(uncountable) The quality of being unpredictable.

unpredictable more unpredictable most unpredictable adj
nieprzewidywalny
Unable to be predicted.

unprefixed adj
bezprefiksalny bezprzedrostkowy

unpretentious /ˌʌnpɹəˈtɛnʃəs/ more unpretentious most unpretentious adj
arcyskromny bezpretensjonalny
Simple, humble, not pretentious, plain.

unpretentiously more unpretentiously most unpretentiously adv
arcyskromnie bezpretensjonalnie

unpretentiousness n
bezpretensjonalność

unprideful more unprideful most unprideful adj
niepyszny

unpridefully more unpridefully most unpridefully adv
niepysznie

unprincipled /ʌnˈpɹɪnsɪpəld/ more unprincipled most unprincipled adj
bezpodstawny niegodziwy
lacking moral values

unprintable adj
niedrukowalny
Not printable; obscene, or unable to be displayed textually.

unproblematic more unproblematic most unproblematic adj
bezproblemowy
Not problematic (presenting problems) or not controversial.

unproblematically more unproblematically most unproblematically adv
bezproblemowo

unproblematicalness n
bezproblemowość

unproductive more unproductive most unproductive adj
bezproduktywny nieproduktywny
Not productive; useless; fruitless.

unproductively more unproductively most unproductively adv
bezproduktywnie

unprofessional more unprofessional most unprofessional adj
nieprofesjonalny
unbecoming of a professional; hence inappropriate in the workplace

unprofitable /ʌnˈpɹɑf.ɪ.təbl̩/ /ʌnˈpɹɒf.ɪ.təbl̩/ more unprofitable most unprofitable adj
niedochodowy nieintratny nieopłacalny nierentowny niezyskowny
not making a profit

unpronounceable more unpronounceable most unpronounceable adj
niewymawialny
Impossible or difficult to pronounce or articulate.

unprovoked /ˌʌnpɹəˈvoʊkt/ more unprovoked most unprovoked adj
bezpodstawny
Happening without provocation or motivation.

unprudish more unprudish most unprudish adj
bezpruderyjny

unprudishly more unprudishly most unprudishly adv
bezpruderyjnie

unprudishness n
bezpruderyjność

unpunished adj
bezkarny
Not punished

unpunishedly adv
bezkarnie

unqualified more unqualified most unqualified adj
niewykwalifikowany
Not qualified, ineligible, unfit for a position or task.

unqualifiedly more unqualifiedly most unqualifiedly adv
bezwarunkowo

unqualifiedness n
bezwarunkowość

unquenchable more unquenchable most unquenchable adj
nieugaszony
That cannot be quenched.

unquestionable /ʌnˈkwɛs.t͡ʃən.ə.bl̩/ more unquestionable most unquestionable adj
bezdyskusyjny
Undeniable, obvious.

unquestionableness n
bezdyskusyjność

unquestionably /ʌnˈkwes.t͡ʃən.ə.blɪ/ /ʌnˈkwɛs.t͡ʃən.ə.bli/ more unquestionably most unquestionably adv
bezapelacyjnie bezdyskusyjnie
without question; beyond doubt; indubitably.

unquestioningly more unquestioningly most unquestioningly adv
bezkrytycznie
Without asking questions or having doubts. With complete obedience and without making any opposition.

unravel /ʌnˈɹævəl/ v
odplatać się odpleść się
(intransitive, of threads etc.) To become separated; (of something woven, knitted, etc.) to come apart.
odplatać odpleść
(transitive, figurative) To separate the connected or united parts of; to throw into disorder; to confuse.

unread /ˈʌn.ɹiːd/ /ˈʌn.ɹɛd/ adj
nieprzeczytany
Not having been read.

unreadable more unreadable most unreadable adj
nieczytelny
That cannot be read or is not easy to read.

unreal /ʌnˈɹi.əl/ more unreal most unreal adj
nierealny nierzeczywisty umowny
Not real or substantial; having no actual presence in reality; lacking the characteristics of reality.

unrealistic more unrealistic most unrealistic adj
nierealistyczny
Not realistic.

unrealistically more unrealistically most unrealistically adv
nierealistycznie
In an unrealistic manner.

unrealizable adj
nierealny niewykonalny
Not realizable; unable to be achieved or realized.

unreason unreasons n
bezrozum bezrozumność
Lack of reason or rationality; unreasonableness; irrationality.

unreasonable /ʌnˈɹiːz(ə)nəbl̩/ more unreasonable most unreasonable adj
nierozsądny
Not reasonable; going beyond what could be expected or asked for.

unreasoning more unreasoning most unreasoning adj
bezrozumny

unreasoningly more unreasoningly most unreasoningly adv
bezrozumnie

unreasoningness n
bezrozum bezrozumność

unreciprocated adj
nieodwzajemniony

unrecognizable /ʌnɹɪˈkɒɡnɪzəbəl/ /ʌnˈɹɛkə(ɡ)naɪzəbəl/ /ʌnˈɹɛkənaɪzəbəl/ /ʌnˈɹɛkəɡnaɪzəbəl/ more unrecognizable most unrecognizable adj
nierozpoznawalny
that cannot be recognized, especially because of substantial changes

unrecognizableness n
nierozpoznawalność

unrefined more unrefined most unrefined adj
nieokrzesany
(of a person) lacking refinement; uncouth

unreflective adj
bezrefleksyjny

unreflectively adj
bezrefleksyjnie

unrelated more unrelated most unrelated adj
z innej beczki
not connected or associated

unrelatedly more unrelatedly most unrelatedly adv
z innej beczki
(speech-act) Used to indicate that the accompanying statement is unrelated (unconnected) to a preceding statement or occurrence.

unreliability unreliabilities n
awaryjność
The quality of being unreliable.

unreliable /(ˌ)ʌn.ɹɪˈlaɪ.ə.bl̩/ /ˌʌn.ɹəˈlaɪ.ə.b(ə)l/ more unreliable most unreliable adj
awaryjny nierzetelny
Not reliable.

unreliable narrator /(ˌ)ʌnɹɪˌlaɪəbl nəˈɹeɪtə/ /-nəˈɹeɪtɚ/ /-ɹətɚ/ /ˌʌnɹəˌlaɪəb(ə)l ˈnɛˌɹeɪtɚ/ [-ɾɚ] unreliable narrators n
nieufny narrator
(literary theory) A narrating character or storyteller in a literary or other artistic work (such as a film, novel, play, or song) who provides conflicting, inaccurate, misleading, or otherwise questionable information to the audience or reader. [from 1961]

unreliably more unreliably most unreliably adv
awaryjnie
In an unreliable manner.

unremarkable [ˌʌn.ɹɪˈmɑɹ.kə.bl̩] [ˌʌn.ɹɪˈmɑː.kə.bl̩] more unremarkable most unremarkable adj
nijaki
Not remarkable.

unremovableness n
nieusuwalność

unrepeatable more unrepeatable most unrepeatable adj
niepowtarzalny
Unable to be repeated

unrequited /ˌʌnɹəˈkwaɪtɪd/ more unrequited most unrequited adj
nieodwzajemniony
Unanswered; not returned; not reciprocated; not repaid.

unresponsive more unresponsive most unresponsive adj
niereagujący obojętny
Not responsive; unreactive.

unrest /ʌnˈɹɛst/ unrests n
zamieszki
A state of trouble, confusion and turbulence, especially in a political context; a time of riots, demonstrations and protests.

unripe unriper unripest adj
niedojrzały
Not ripe.
zielony
Developing too early; premature.

unripeness unripenesses n
niedojrzałość
the state or property of being unripe

unrivaled adj
bezkonkurencyjny
(American spelling) beyond compare, far surpassing any other, unparalleled, without rival.

unsafe /ʌnˈseɪf/ more unsafe most unsafe unsafer unsafest adj
niebezpieczny
Not safe (various senses); dangerous.

unsaleable more unsaleable most unsaleable adj
niesprzedawalny
Not sellable.

unsalted adj
nieposolony niesolony
To which salt has not been added.

unsanitary more unsanitary most unsanitary adj
antysanitarny niehigieniczny

unsated adj
nienasycony
Not sated.

unsatedness n
niedosyt

unsatisfactory /ˌʌnsætɪsˈfækt(ə)ɹi/ more unsatisfactory most unsatisfactory adj
niezadowalający
Inadequate, substandard or not satisfactory.

unsatisfying more unsatisfying most unsatisfying adj
niezadowalający
Not providing satisfaction.

unsavory /ʌnˈseɪv.əɹ.i/ more unsavory most unsavory adj
podejrzany
Disreputable, not respectable, of questionable moral character.

unscathed adj
bez szwanku nietknięty
Not harmed or damaged in any way; untouched.

unschooled more unschooled most unschooled adj
nieobyty niewyrobiony
Not schooled; not having been to school.

unscientific more unscientific most unscientific adj
nienaukowy
Not scientific

unscrew v
odkręcać
(transitive) To loosen a screw or thing by turning it.

unscrupulous /ˌʌnˈskɹuːpjʊləs/ more unscrupulous most unscrupulous adj
bez skrupułów
Without scruples; immoral.

unsee v
odzobaczyć
To undo the act of seeing something; to erase the memory of having seen something, or otherwise reverse the effect of having seen something.

unseemly unseemlier unseemliest adj
niestosowny
Inconsistent with established standards of good form or taste.

unselfish more unselfish most unselfish adj
bezinteresowny
Not selfish

unselfishness unselfishnesses n
bezinteresowność
The state of being unselfish.

unserious more unserious most unserious adj
niepoważny
Not serious; characterized by a lack of seriousness (of attitude, approach, style etc.).

unshaven /ʌnˈʃeɪvən/ adj
nieogolony
Not having shaved; not shaven; untrimmed.

unsheathe v
obnażać obnażyć
To deprive of a sheath; to draw from the sheath or scabbard, as a sword.

unsigned adj
bez znaku
(computing) Not accepting negative numbers; having only a positive absolute value.
niepodpisany
Lacking a signature, unendorsed.

unsinkable more unsinkable most unsinkable adj
niezatapialny
(chiefly, of, ships) That cannot be sunk.

unskillful more unskillful most unskillful adj
nieumiejętny niewprawny niezręczny
Not skillful.

unspeakable more unspeakable most unspeakable adj
niewypowiedziany niewysłowiony
Incapable of being spoken or uttered

unspiritual more unspiritual most unspiritual adj
nieduchowy

unspiritualness n
nieduchowość

unspoken rule unspoken rules n
prawo niepisane
A rule that is understood to apply but does not exist in written form.

unsportsmanlike more unsportsmanlike most unsportsmanlike adj
niesportowy
violating the accepted standards of sportsmanship

unstable /ʌnˈsteɪbəɫ/ more unstable most unstable adj
niestabilny niestały
Not stable.

unstated adj
niemówiony niewyrażony

unsterilizable adj
nie do sterylizowania
Unable to be sterilized.

unstick v
odkleić odklejać odlepiać odlepić
(transitive, sometimes, figurative) To free from the condition of being stuck.
odkleić się odklejać się odlepiać się odlepić się
(intransitive) To become freed from a stuck condition.

unstoppable /ʌnˈstɔ.pə.bəl/ more unstoppable most unstoppable adj
niepowstrzymany
Unable to be stopped.

unstressed /ʌnˈstɹɛst/ more unstressed most unstressed adj
bezprzyciskowy nieakcentowany
(of a vowel) not stressed or accentuated

unstressful more unstressful most unstressful adj
bezstresowy

unstressfully more unstressfully most unstressfully adv
bezstresowo

unstumpable more unstumpable most unstumpable adj
nie do skonfundowania

unsubscribe v
rezygnować z subskrypcji zrezygnować z subskrypcji
(intransitive) To cancel a subscription, especially to an online service.

unsuccessful /ˌʌnsəkˈsɛsfl̩/ more unsuccessful most unsuccessful adj
nieudany
Failed, not successful.

unsupervised more unsupervised most unsupervised adj
nienadzorowany
Not supervised; not being constantly observed.

unsurpassable more unsurpassable most unsurpassable adj
nie do przewyższania
Not surpassable; unable to be surpassed.

unsurpassed adj
niedościgniony niedościgły nieprześcigniony niezrównany
Not exceeded by others.

unsurprising adj
niezaskakujący
Not surprising; expected.

unsurprisingly more unsurprisingly most unsurprisingly adv
niezaskakująco
Not surprisingly, as could be expected.

unsuspecting more unsuspecting most unsuspecting adj
niepodejrzewający

unsustainable more unsustainable most unsustainable adj
niezrównoważony
Not sustainable.

unsymmetrical more unsymmetrical most unsymmetrical adj
asymetryczny niesymetryczny
Not symmetrical.

unsymmetrically more unsymmetrically most unsymmetrically adv
asymetrycznie niesymetrycznie

unthinkable /ʌnˈθɪŋkəbəl/ more unthinkable most unthinkable adj
niewiarygodne
Incapable of being believed; incredible.

unthinking more unthinking most unthinking adj
bezmyślny bezrefleksyjny bezrozumny
Without proper thought; thoughtless.

unthinkingly more unthinkingly most unthinkingly adv
bezrozumnie
In an unthinking manner.

unthinkingness n
bezrozum bezrozumność

untidiness untidinesses n
nieporządek nieład
The quality of being untidy

untie /ʌnˈtaɪ/ v
rozwiązać rozwiązywać
(transitive) To loosen, as something interlaced or knotted; to disengage the parts of.
odwiązać odwiązywać
(transitive) To free from fastening or from restraint; to let loose; to unbind.

until /ənˈtɪl/ /ʊnˈtɪl/ /ʌnˈtɪl/ /ˈʌntəl/ conjunction
aż
Up to the time that (a condition becomes true).
dopóki nie
Before (a condition becoming true).

until /ənˈtɪl/ /ʊnˈtɪl/ /ʌnˈtɪl/ /ˈʌntəl/ preposition
do
Up to the time of (something happening).

until all hours
do białego rana do późna

until further notice
do odwołania

until one is blue in the face adv
do utraty tchu
(duration, idiomatic) For a hopelessly long time; used especially in respect to discussing, explaining, insisting, etc.

until one's dying day
do usranej śmierci

until proven otherwise
dopóki wina nie zostanie udowodniona inaczej

until the cows come home phraseologicalUnit
długo ile wlezie
(idiomatic) For a very long period of time.

untimely /ʌnˈtaɪmli/ more untimely most untimely untimelier untimeliest adj
nie w porę
At an inopportune time.
przedwczesny
Early; premature.

untitled adj
bez tytułu beztytułowy
Having no title.

unto /-tuː/ /-tə/ /-tʊ/ /ˈʌntə/ /ˈʌntʊ/ preposition
do ku
(archaic, or, poetic) Up to; indicates a motion towards a thing and then stopping at it.

untouchable more untouchable most untouchable adj
niedotykalny
Not able to be touched.

untouchable untouchables n
parias
(India) A member of the lowest and most despised caste in traditional Indian society.

untouched /ʌnˈtʌt͡ʃt/ more untouched most untouched adj
nieporuszony niewzruszony
Not influenced, affected or swayed.

untranslatable /ˈʌnˌtɹænz.leɪt.ə.bəl/ more untranslatable most untranslatable adj
nieprzetłumaczalny
Not able to be translated.

untransmissible adj
niezaraźliwy

untreated adj
nieleczony nieoczyszczony nieutwardzony
Not treated.

untroubled more untroubled most untroubled adj
bezkłopotliwy beztroski niefrasobliwy
Without worries; free from care.

untune v
rozstroić
(transitive) To cause (something) to be out of tune; to make incapable of harmony, or of harmonious action.

ununbium n
ununbium
The former systematic element name for the chemical element with atomic number 112 (symbol Uub), which has been officially changed to copernicium.

ununennium /uːnuːnˈɛniːəm/ n
ununennium
The systematic element name for the (as yet undiscovered) chemical element with an atomic number of 119 (symbol Uue).

ununhexium n
ununhexium
(dated) The previous systematic element name for livermorium, the chemical element with atomic number 116 (symbol Uuh).

ununoctium n
ununoctium
(dated) The systematic element name for the chemical element with atomic number 118 (symbol Uuo). The element is now named oganesson.

ununpentium n
ununpentium
(dated) The systematic element name for the chemical element with atomic number 115 (symbol Uup). The element is now named moscovium.

ununquadium n
ununquadium
(dated) The systematic element name for flerovium, the chemical element with atomic number 114 (symbol Uuq).

ununseptium /uːnuːnˈsɛpti.əm/ n
ununseptium
(dated) The systematic element name for the chemical element with atomic number 117 (symbol Uus). The element is now named tennessine.

ununtrium n
ununtrium
(dated) The systematic element name for the chemical element with atomic number 113 (symbol Uut). The element is now named nihonium.

unusable more unusable most unusable adj
nieużywalny
Not usable.

unused /ʌnˈjust/ /ʌnˈjuzd/ /ʌnˈjuːst/ /ʌnˈjuːzd/ more unused most unused adj
nieużyty nieużywany
(not comparable) Not used.

unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒuəl/ /ʌnˈjuːʒəl/ more unusual most unusual adj
niecodzienny niezwykły
Not usual, out of the ordinary.

unusualness unusualnesses n
niezwykłość
(uncountable) The condition or state of being unusual.

unvarying more unvarying most unvarying adj
jednostajny
persistent, constant, changeless
jednolity
lacking variety; having a uniform character

unwanted /ʌnˈwɒntɪd/ more unwanted most unwanted adj
niechciany
Not wanted; unwelcome.

unwariness unwarinesses n
nieostrożność
The property of being unwary.

unwashable adj
niezmywalny
Not washable; that cannot be washed.

unwavering /(ˌ)ʌnˈweɪvəɹɪŋ/ /(ˌ)ʌnˈweɪvɹɪŋ/ /ˌənˈweɪvəɹɪŋ/ /ˌənˈweɪvɹɪŋ/ more unwavering most unwavering adj
nieugięty niezachwiany niezłomny spiżowy
Always on course and steady.

unwelcome more unwelcome most unwelcome adj
nieproszony

unwell /ʌnˈwɛl/ more unwell most unwell adj
niezdrowy
Not in good health; not feeling well; somewhat ill

unwieldy /ˌʌnˈwɪəl.di/ unwieldier unwieldiest adj
nieporęczny
Difficult to carry, handle, manage or operate because of its size, weight, shape or complexity.

unwilling /ʌnˈwɪlɪŋ/ more unwilling most unwilling adj
niechętny nieskłonny niełatwy
Not willing; reluctant

unwise /ʌnˈwaɪz/ unwiser unwisest adj
nierozsądny
Not wise; lacking wisdom

unwitting more unwitting most unwitting adj
bezwiedny
unaware or uninformed; oblivious
unintentional

unwittingly /-ɾɪŋ-/ /ʌnˈwɪtɪŋli/ /ˌən-/ /ˌʌnˈwɪtɪŋli/ more unwittingly most unwittingly adv
bezwiednie nieświadomie
In an unwitting manner; inadvertently, obliviously, unintentionally, unknowingly.

unworthy /ʌnˈwɝði/ unworthier unworthiest adj
niegodny niegodzien niewart
Not worthy; lacking value or merit; worthless.

up /ap/ /ʌp/ [äp] [ɐʔp] [ʌp̚] adv
do góry na górze w górę
Away from the surface of the Earth or other planet; in opposite direction to the downward pull of gravity.
z-
(intensifier) Used as an aspect marker to indicate a completed action or state; thoroughly, completely.

up /ap/ /ʌp/ [äp] [ɐʔp] [ʌp̚] preposition
do góry w górę
Toward the top of.

up against the wall adj
pod ścianą

up close more up close most up close adv
z bliska
At very close range.

up close and personal
z bliska
With intimate detail and from a perspective of closeness, sometimes with the implication of intrusiveness or invasion of privacy.

up front adj
szczery
(idiomatic) Open, honest; tending to disclose information; truthful.

up in the air more up in the air most up in the air adj
na dwoje babka wróżyła stać pod znakiem zapytania
(idiomatic) Not yet resolved, finished, answered, decided or certain.

up one's sleeve
w rękawie w zanadrzu
(idiomatic) Hidden and ready to be produced as needed; in reserve.

up to /ˈʌp tuː/ /ˈʌp tə/ preposition
z dokładnością do
(mathematics) Considering all members of an equivalence class the same.

up to speed
na bieżąco
(idiomatic) Fully informed; current.

up with the lark adj
wstawać z kurami
(idiomatic) Awake and out of bed early in the morning.

up-and-comer up-and-comers n
wchodzący
(idiomatic) Someone who is up-and-coming, who has begun to be successful in some field and is likely to be even more successful in the future.

up-to-date /ˌʌp tə ˈdeɪt/ more up-to-date most up-to-date adj
aktualny
(before the noun, idiom) Current; recent; the latest.
na bieżąco
(idiomatic) Informed about the latest news or developments; abreast.

up-to-dateness up-to-datenesses n
aktualność
The quality or degree of being up to date.

upbraid /ˌʌpˈbɹeɪd/ n
skarcenie
(obsolete) The act of reproaching; scorn; disdain.

upbringing /ˈʌpˌbrɪŋɪŋ/ upbringings n
wychowanie
The traits acquired during one's childhood training
wychowanie wychowywanie
The raising or training of a child.

update /ʌpˈdeɪt/ /ˈʌp.deɪt/ updates n
komunikat
An advisement providing more up-to-date information than currently known.
aktualizacja uaktualnienie informowanie
An additional piece of information. An addition to existing information.
A modification of something to a more recent, up-to-date version; (in software) a minor upgrade.

update /ʌpˈdeɪt/ /ˈʌp.deɪt/ v
aktualizować informować poinformować uaktualnić zaktualizować
(transitive) To bring (a person) up to date: to inform (a person) about recent developments.

upgrade /əpˈɡɹeɪd/ /ˈʌp.ɡɹeɪd/ upgrades n
modernizacja rozbudowa ulepszenie
An improved component or replacement item, usually applied to technology

upgrade /əpˈɡɹeɪd/ /ˈʌp.ɡɹeɪd/ v
rozbudować
(transitive) To improve, usually applied to technology, generally by complete replacement of one or more components
aktualizować
(intransitive, computing) To replace a program with a later version of itself, a version having a higher version number or marketed under a more recent product name.

upheaval /ʌpˈhi.vəl/ upheavals n
wstrząs afera
A sudden violent upset, disruption or convulsion.

uphill /ʌpˈhɪl/ /ˈʌphɪl/ more uphill most uphill adv
pod górę
Up a slope, towards higher ground.

upholsterer /ʌpˈhəʊlstəɹə/ upholsterers n
tapicer
Someone who upholsters furniture, especially a trained craftsman who does so as an occupation.

upholstery /ʌpˈhəʊlstəɹi/ upholsteries n
tapicerka tapicerstwo
The craft or business of upholstering furniture.
obicie tapicerka
The materials used in upholstering furniture.

upland /ˈəp-/ /ˈʌplənd/ uplands n
wysoczyzna
The area in the interior of a country with a generally higher elevation.

upland sandpiper upland sandpipers n
preriowiec
A small wader, Bartramia longicauda, breeding in North America and wintering in South America.

uplift /ʌpˈlɪft/ /ˈʌp.lɪft/ v
podnosić
To raise something or someone to a higher physical, social, moral, intellectual, spiritual or emotional level.

uplifting more uplifting most uplifting adj
pocieszający
Improving the mood; causing cheerfulness.

upload /əpˈloʊd/ /əpˈləʊd/ /ˈʌpˌloʊd/ /ˈʌpˌləʊd/ v
przesyłać wgrywać wrzucać wysyłać ładować
(transitive, intransitive, computing) To transfer data to a computer on a network, especially to a server on the Internet.

upon /əˈpɑn/ /əˈpɒn/ /əˈpɔn/ preposition
na ponad
Physically above and in contact with.
na
Being followed by another so as to form a series.

upper /ˈʌpə(ɹ)/ /ˈʌpɚ/ uppermore uppermost adj
górny wierzchni
At a higher level, rank or position.

upper /ˈʌpə(ɹ)/ /ˈʌpɚ/ uppers n
cholewka
(shoemaking) The piece of leather, etc., that forms the top part of a shoe above the sole.

upper arm upper arms n
ramię
(anatomy) The section of an arm from the elbow to the shoulder.

upper case n
majuskuły wersaliki wielkie litery

upper class /ˌʌpəˈklɑːs/ /ˌʌpɚˈklæs/ upper classes n
klasa wyższa
Those people at the top of a social hierarchy.
arystokracja szlachta
The aristocracy.

upper hand upper hands n
przewaga
(idiomatic) Advantage or control.

upper house upper houses n
izba wyższa
(government) The upper legislative house in a bicameral legislature; usually smaller and having more restricted power than the lower house.

uppercut uppercuts n
hak
(boxing) A swinging blow aimed upwards at the opponent's chin.

upright piano upright pianos n
pianino
(musical instruments) A piano whose strings are vertical.

uprising uprisings n
powstanie
A popular revolt that attempts to overthrow a government or its policies; an insurgency or insurrection.

uproot /ˌʌpˈɹut/ /ˌʌpˈɹuːt/ v
wykorzeniać wykorzenić
To tear up (a plant, etc.) by the roots, or as if by the roots; to extirpate, to root up.

ups and downs n
wzloty i upadki
(idiomatic) Periods of positive and negative events, moods, or interactions; highs and lows.

upset /ʌpˈsɛt/ /ˈʌpsɛt/ more upset most upset adj
przygnębiony zaniepokojony zmartwiony
(of a person) Angry, distressed, or unhappy.
rozstrojony
(of a stomach or gastrointestinal tract, referred to as stomach) Feeling unwell, nauseated, or ready to vomit.

upset /ʌpˈsɛt/ /ˈʌpsɛt/ upsets n
zmartwienie
(uncountable) Disturbance or disruption.

upset /ʌpˈsɛt/ /ˈʌpsɛt/ v
niepokoić
(transitive) To make (a person) angry, distressed, or unhappy.
psuć
(transitive) To disturb, disrupt or adversely alter (something).

upside down /ˌʌpsaɪd ˈdaʊn/ /ˌʌpsaɪˈdaʊn/ adv
do góry nogami
Inverted, so that the top is now at the bottom.
In great disorder.

upstairs /ˈʌpˌstɛəz/ /ˈʌpˌstɛɹz/ /ˌʌpˈstɛəz/ /ˌʌpˈstɛɹz/ further upstairs furthest upstairs adj
na górze
Located on a higher floor or level of a building.

upstairs /ˈʌpˌstɛəz/ /ˈʌpˌstɛɹz/ /ˌʌpˈstɛəz/ /ˌʌpˈstɛɹz/ further upstairs furthest upstairs adv
na górze na górę
Up the stairs; on a higher floor or level.

uptight /ʌpˈtaɪt/ uptighter uptightest adj
spięty
(colloquial) Excessively concerned with rules and order, always serious.

upwards /ˈʌpwədz/ /ˈʌpwɚdz/ more upwards most upwards adv
w górę wzwyż
Towards a (higher) position closer to the sky than the ground.

upwards of preposition
ponad
More than; in excess of.

urachus urachi urachuses n
moczownik
(anatomy) A band of fibrous tissue extending from the bladder to the umbilicus.

uraeus /juˈɹeɪ.əs/ /juˈɹi.əs/ /jʊˈɹiː.əs/ uraei uraeuses n
ureus ureusz
A representation of the sacred asp, symbolising supreme power in ancient Egypt.

uranium /jʊˈɹeɪniəm/ uraniums n
uran
The element with atomic number 92 and symbol U: a radioactive silvery-grey metal in the actinide series.

uranography uranographies n
uranografia
(astronomy, cartography) Celestial cartography; the mapping of celestial bodies.

urate /ˈjʊəɹeɪt/ urates n
moczan
(chemistry) Any salt of uric acid.

urban /ˈɜɹbən/ /ˈɜːb(ə)n/ more urban most urban adj
miejski
Of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place, especially when contrasted with the countryside.

urban legend urban legends n
legenda miejska
A widely circulated story that is untrue or dubious, often having elements of humour or horror.

urban planning urban plannings n
urbanistyka
The conscious design of towns and cities.

urban-rural gmina urban-rural gminas n
gmina miejsko-wiejska

urban-type settlement urban-type settlements n
osiedle typu miejskiego
an official designation for a semi-urban settlement (or a former town) in the Soviet Union, Poland (formerly), Bulgaria (formerly) and in 10 post-Soviet republics—Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan

urbanism /ˈɜː(ɹ)bənɪzəm/ urbanisms n
urbanistyka
The study of cities, their geographic, economic, political, social, and cultural environment.
urbanizm
The culture or way of life of people who live in cities.

urbanite urbanites n
mieszczanin mieszczanka
Someone who lives in a city or similar urban area.

urbanity /əːˈbæn.ɪ.ti/ /ɝˈbæn.ə.ti/ urbanities n
miejskość uprzejmość
Behaviour that is polished, refined, courteous.

urbanization urbanizations n
urbanizacja
The process of the formation and growth of cities.

urbanize v
urbanizować
To make something more urban in character.

urea /jʊˈɹiːə/ /ˈjʊəɹɪə/ ureas n
mocznik
(organic compound, uncountable) A water-soluble organic compound, CO(NH2)2, formed by the metabolism of proteins and excreted in the urine.

ureter /jʊəˈɹiːtə(ɹ)/ ureters n
moczowód
(anatomy) Either of the two long, narrow ducts that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

urethra /jʊˈɹiːθɹə/ urethrae urethras n
cewka moczowa
(anatomy) The tube through which urine exits the body and, in penises, through which semen is ejaculated.

urgent /ˈɜː.d͡ʒənt/ /ˈɝ.d͡ʒənt/ more urgent most urgent adj
pilny
Requiring immediate attention.

urgently more urgently most urgently adv
pilnie
With great haste, with a sense of urgency, because it is very important.

urheimat /-mæt/ /-mət/ /ˈɜː-/ /ˈʊə.haɪ.mɑːt/ urheimats n
praojczyzna
(history, especially historical, _, linguistics) The original homeland of an ethnic group, particularly the speakers of a proto-language; the cradleland.

uric acid n
kwas moczowy
(biochemistry) a bicyclic heterocyclic phenolic compound, formed in the body by the metabolism of protein and excreted in the urine (or in faeces, as in birds and insects)

urinal /juːˈɹaɪnəl/ /ˈjɝɪnəl/ /ˈjʉːəɹɪnəl/ /ˈjʊɹɪnəl/ urinals n
pisuar
A plumbing fixture intended for standing urination, typically by men and boys.

urinary bladder urinary bladders n
pęcherz moczowy pęcherz
(anatomy) An elastic, muscular sac situated in the pelvic cavity, into which urine from the kidneys is temporarily stored prior to disposal by urination. Urine enters the bladder via the ureters and exits via the urethra.

urinate /ˈjʊəɹɪneɪt/ /ˈjʊɹɪneɪt/ v
oddawać mocz oddać mocz

urination /jʊəɹɪˈneɪʃən/ urinations n
oddawanie moczu

urine /ˈjɝɪn/ /ˈjʉːəɹɪn/ /ˈjʊəɹaɪn/ /ˈjʊəɹɪn/ /ˈjʊɹɪn/ urines n
mocz uryna

urinous more urinous most urinous adj
moczowy
Pertaining to urine.

urn /ɜːn/ /ɝn/ urns n
urna
A vessel for the ashes or cremains of a deceased person.

urologist urologists n
urolog
(medicine) A doctor of urology.

urology /jʊəˈɹɒlədʒi/ urologies n
urologia
(medicine) The surgical specialty of medicine that treats disorders of the urinary tract and the urogenital system.

ursine /ˈɜː.saɪn/ /ˈɝsaɪn/ /ˈɝsɪn/ more ursine most ursine adj
niedźwiedzi
Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of bears.
Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of the bear subfamily Ursinae.

urstromtal /ˈʊə(ɹ)stɹəʊmˌtɑːl/ urstromtals urstromtäler n
pradolina
A broad glacial valley formed during an ice age by meltwater flowing roughly parallel to the ice margin.

urticaria /ˌɜː.tɪˈkɛə.ɹi.ə/ /ˌɝ.tɪˈkɛɹ.i.ə/ urticarias n
pokrzywka
(diseases) Itchy, swollen, red areas of the skin which can appear quickly in response to an allergen or other conditions.

us /əs/ /əz/ /ʌs/ /ʌz/ pronoun
nam nas nami
(personal) Me and at least one other person; the objective case of we.

usage /ˈjuːsɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈjuːzɪd͡ʒ/ usages n
zwyczaj praktyka uzus
A custom or established practice. [from 14th c.]
Habit, practice.
praktyka językowa uzus językowy
The established custom of using language; the ways and contexts in which spoken and written words are used, especially by a certain group of people or in a certain region. [from 14th c.]
użycie
The act of using something; use, employment. [from 14th c.]

use /jus/ /juz/ /juːs/ /juːz/ /jɪu̯s/ /jɪu̯z/ /jʉːs/ /jʉːz/ uses n
użycie stosowanie użytek
The act of using.
użyteczność użytek
(uncountable, followed by "of") Usefulness, benefit.
zastosowanie funkcja
A function; a purpose for which something may be employed.

use /jus/ /juz/ /juːs/ /juːz/ /jɪu̯s/ /jɪu̯z/ /jʉːs/ /jʉːz/ v
używać stosować użyć posługiwać zastosować
(transitive) To employ; to apply; to utilize.

use a sledgehammer to crack a nut /ˌjuz‿ə ˈslɛd͡ʒhæmɚ tə ˌkɹæk‿ə ˈnʌt/ /ˌjuːz‿ə ˈslɛd͡ʒhæmə tə ˌkɹæk‿ə ˈnʌt/ v
strzelać z armaty do muchy
(intransitive, Australia, Britain, New Zealand, idiomatic, informal) To use disproportionate or significantly excessive force to carry out an action; to do something overzealously.

used /just/ /juzd/ /juːst/ /juːzd/ more used most used adj
używany
That has or have previously been owned by someone else.

used bookstore used bookstores n
antykwariat
A bookstore that principally sells secondhand or used books.

used to /juːs(t).tu/ /juːs(t).tə/ /juːzd/ adj
przyzwyczajony
(idiomatic, with noun phrase) Accustomed to, tolerant or accepting of.

used to /juːs(t).tu/ /juːs(t).tə/ /juːzd/ v
kiedyś
(temporal location) Formerly and habitually or repeatedly, but possibly no longer, did.

useful /ˈjusfəl/ /ˈjuːsfəl/ /ˈjʉːːsfəl/ [ˈjusfl̩] [ˈjuːsfl̩] [ˈjʉːːsfl̩] more useful most useful usefuller usefullest adj
użyteczny pożyteczny przydatny
Having a practical or beneficial use.

useful idiot useful idiots n
pożyteczny idiota pożyteczna idiotka
(historical, pejorative, political jargon) Communist sympathizer in Western countries, from the perspective of the political right.

usefulness /ˈjuːsfəlnəs/ usefulnesses n
użyteczność
The quality or degree of being useful.

useless /ˈjuːs.ləs/ more useless most useless uselesser uselessest adj
bezużyteczny niepotrzebny
Without use or possibility to be used.

uselessly more uselessly most uselessly adv
bezużytecznie
In a useless manner.
To no useful purpose.

uselessness uselessnesses n
bezużyteczność
the quality of being useless

user /ˈjuzɚ/ /ˈjuːzə/ users n
użytkownik użytkowniczka
(computing) A person who uses a computer or a computing network, especially a person who has received a user account.

user interface user interfaces n
interfejs użytkownika
(computing) The visual part of a software application that a user sees and interacts with.

user-friendly more user-friendly most user-friendly user-friendlier user-friendliest adj
prosty w obsłudze
(mostly, computing) Designed to be easy for an untrained user to use, with intuitive ordering of steps, consistent and logical placement of controls, etc.

ushabti /uːˈʃabti/ ushabtis ushabtiu n
uszebti
In ancient Egypt, a figurine of a dead person, placed in their tomb to do their work for them in the afterlife.

ushanka /uˈʃɑŋkə/ /uːˈʃɑːŋkə/ ushankas n
uszanka abłaucha uszatka
A traditional Russian fur cap with earflaps.

usual /ˈjuːʒuəl/ /ˈjuːʒəl/ /ˈjuːʒʊəl/ more usual most usual adj
zwykły
Most commonly occurring; typical.

usually /ˈjuːʒ(ʊə)li/ /ˈjuːʒju(ə)li/ /ˈjuːʒu(ə)li/ /ˈjuːʒəli/ more usually most usually adv
zwykle zazwyczaj
Most of the time; less than always, but more than occasionally.

usufruct /-sə-/ /ˈjuzəˌfɹʌkt/ /ˈjuːz(j)ʊfɹʌkt/ usufructs n
użytkowanie
(law) The legal right to use and derive profit or benefit from property that belongs to another person, as long as the property is not damaged.

usufructuary /-tjʊ-/ /ˌjuːz(j)ʊˈfɹʌkt͡ʃʊˌəɹi/ usufructuaries n
prawowity właściciel
(law) A person who holds property, or the use of assets, by usufruct; a fructuary.

usurer /ˈjuːzjəɹə/ /ˈjuːʒəɹə/ /ˈjuːʒəɹəɹ/ /ˈjuːʒɹəɹ/ usurers n
lichwiarz lichwiarka
A person who loans money to others and charges interest, particularly at an illegal, exorbitant, or unfair rate.

usurp /juˈsɝp/ /juːˈzɜːp/ v
uzurpować
To seize power from another, usually by illegitimate means.

usurpation /ˌjuːsə(ɹ)ˈpeɪʃən/ /ˌjuːzə(ɹ)ˈpeɪʃən/ usurpations n
uzurpacja
The wrongful seizure of something by force, especially of sovereignty or other authority.

usurper /juˈsɜɹpə(ɹ)/ usurpers n
uzurpator
One who usurps.

usury /ˈjuːʒəɹi/ usuries n
lichwa lichwiarstwo
(countable) An exorbitant rate of interest, in excess of any legal rates or at least immorally.
lichwiarstwo lichwa
(uncountable) The practice of lending money at such rates.
(uncountable, archaic, or, historical) The practice of lending money at interest.

utensil /juˈtɛn.səl/ utensils n
sprzęt kuchenny
An instrument or device for domestic use, especially in the kitchen.

utilitarian /juˌtɪləˈtɛɹi.ən/ /juːˌtɪlɪˈtɛːɹi.ən/ more utilitarian most utilitarian adj
użytkowy
Of or relating to utility.
utylitarystyczny
(ethics) Pertaining to utilitarianism.
funkcjonalny
Practical and functional, present for use, not just for show.

utilitarian /juˌtɪləˈtɛɹi.ən/ /juːˌtɪlɪˈtɛːɹi.ən/ utilitarians n
utylitarysta utylitarystka
Someone who practices or advocates utilitarianism.

utilitarianism utilitarianisms n
utylitaryzm
(philosophy) The theory that action should be directed toward achieving the "greatest happiness for the greatest number of people" (hedonistic universalism), or one of various related theories.

utility /juˈtɪl.ə.ti/ /juːˈtɪl.ɪ.ti/ /jəˈtɪl.ɪ.ti/ [juˈtɪl.ə.ɾi] utilities n
użyteczność
The state or condition of being useful; usefulness.
Something that is useful.
usługa
(business) A commodity or service provided on a continuous basis by a physical infrastructure network, such as electricity, water supply or sewerage.
program użytkowy
(computing) A software program designed to perform a single task or a small range of tasks, often to help manage and tune computer hardware, an operating system or application software.

utility knife utility knives n
nóż introligatorski
A cutting tool that has an interchangeable blade that retracts into the handle.

utility pole utility poles n
słup telefoniczny
A tall cylinder, often made from the trunk of a tree, usually topped by a cross beam, used by a public utility to carry wire, cable or conduit through the air, for the transportation of electricity, cable television, telephone or similar services.

utopia /juˈtoʊ.pi.ə/ /juːˈtəʊ.pi.ə/ utopia utopiae utopias n
utopia
A world in which everything and everyone works in perfect harmony.

utter /ˈʌtə/ /ˈʌtɚ/ [ˈɐtə] [ˈʌɾɚ] v
mamrotać

utterable adj
wypowiadalny

utterance /ˈʌtəɹəns/ utterances n
wypowiedź
Something spoken.

uvea uveas n
błona naczyniowa
(anatomy) The middle of the three concentric layers that make up the eye; it is pigmented and vascular, and comprises the choroid, the ciliary body, and the iris.

uvula /ˈju.vjəl.ə/ /ˈjuː.vjʊl.ə/ uvulae uvulas uvulæ n
języczek
(anatomy) Ellipsis of palatine uvula.: the fleshy appendage that hangs from the back of the soft palate, that closes the nasopharynx during swallowing

uvular /ˈjuːvjʊlə/ /ˈjuːvjʊləɹ/ adj
języczkowy
(anatomy) Of or relating to the uvula.
(phonetics) Of a sound, articulated with the uvula.

uxoricide /ʌkˈsɔː.ɹɪˌsaɪd/ uxoricides n
żonobójca
One who murders his or her wife.
żonobójstwo
The murdering of one's own wife.

uyezd uyezds n
powiat ujazd ujezd
(historical) An administrative subdivision of Muscovy, the Russian Empire, and the early Russian SFSR, in use from the 13th century.

uzi /ˈuːzi/ uzis n
uzi
A type of compact submachine gun, having a caliber of 9 millimeters with ammunition housed in the grip of the weapon.

vacancy /ˈveɪkənsi/ vacancies n
wakat
An unoccupied position or job.

vacant /ˈveɪkənt/ more vacant most vacant adj
wolny
Not occupied; empty.

vacation /veɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ /veɪˈkeɪʃən/ /vəˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ vacations n
wakacje
(North America) A holiday; a stretch of leisure time away from work or duty and devoted to rest or pleasure. [from 19th c.]

vaccinate /ˈvæksɪneɪt/ v
szczepić
(transitive) To treat (a person or an animal) with a vaccine to produce immunity against a disease.

vaccination /ˌvæk.sɪˈneɪ.ʃn̩/ /ˌvæk.sɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ vaccinations n
szczepienie
Inoculation with a vaccine, in order to protect from a particular disease or strain of disease.

vaccine /-saɪn/ /-sɪn/ /vækˈsin/ /ˈvæksiːn/ /ˈvækˌsin/ vaccines n
szczepionka wakcyna
A substance given to stimulate a body's production of antibodies and provide immunity against a disease without causing the disease itself in the treatment, prepared from the agent that causes the disease (or a derivative of it; or a related, also effective, but safer disease), or a synthetic substitute; also, a dose of such a substance.

vacuole /ˈvækjʊˌəʊl/ vacuoles n
wakuola wodniczka
(cytology) A large membrane-bound vesicle in a cell's cytoplasm.

vacuous /ˈvækju.əs/ more vacuous most vacuous adj
próżny pusty
Empty; void; lacking meaningful content.
bezmyślny tępy
Showing a lack of thought or intelligence; vacant.

vacuously more vacuously most vacuously adv
w próżni
(logic) Because of being a vacuous truth.

vacuum /ˈvæ.kjuː.əm/ /ˈvæ.kjuːm/ vacua vacuums n
próżnia
A region of space that contains no matter.

vacuum /ˈvæ.kjuː.əm/ /ˈvæ.kjuːm/ v
odkurzać odkurzyć
(transitive) To clean (something) with a vacuum cleaner.
(intransitive) To use a vacuum cleaner.

vacuum cleaner vacuum cleaners n
odkurzacz
A domestic or industrial mobile machine for cleaning floors and similar surfaces that draws dust and other particles into a container (a cyclonic type bin, or a filter bag) by the suction created by an electric motor driving a fan.

vacuum tube vacuum tubes n
lampa próżniowa
(electronics) A type of electron tube that controls electron current through vacuum between electrodes within a sealed container, usually of glass or metal and often designed to be easily installed in and removed from the equipment in which it is used.

vacuum-packed adj
pakowany próżniowo

vade mecum /ˌveɪdi ˈmiːkəm/ /ˌvɑːdi ˈmeɪkəm/ vade mecums n
vademecum wademekum
A referential book such as a handbook or manual.

vagabond /ˈvæ.ɡə.bɑnd/ /ˈvæ.ɡə.bɒnd/ vagabonds n
wagabunda włóczęga włóczykij
A person on a trip of indeterminate destination and/or length of time.

vagina /vəˈd͡ʒaɪ.nə/ vaginae vaginas vaginæ n
pochwa wagina
(anatomy) A passage leading from the opening of the vulva to the cervix of the uterus for copulation and childbirth in female mammals.
(zootomy) A similar part in some invertebrates.

vaginal /vəˈd͡ʒʌɪ.nəl/ /ˈvæd͡ʒ.ən.əl/ adj
dopochwowy pochwowy waginalny
(relational) Of, relating to, or affecting the vagina.

vaginally adv
dopochwowo dowcipnie
Via the vagina, as (usually, more specifically) by the vaginal route of administration.

vaginismus /vad͡ʒɪˈnɪzməs/ vaginismuses n
pochwica
(pathology) A painful muscular contraction of the vagina when attempting to insert something, such as a tampon or a penis, into it.

vaginoplasty vaginoplasties n
waginoplastyka
(surgery) A surgical procedure used to construct or reconstruct a vaginal canal and mucous membrane.

vagrancy /ˈveɪɡɹənsɪ/ vagrancies n
włóczęgostwo żebractwo
the state of being a vagrant

vagrant /ˈveɪɡɹənt/ vagrants n
włóczęga drapichrust wardęga włóczykij łazior
(specifically) A person without settled employment or habitation who usually supports himself or herself by begging or some dishonest means; a tramp, a vagabond.

vague /veɪɡ/ /væɡ/ vaguer vaguest adj
niejasny
Not clearly expressed; stated in indefinite terms.

vagus nerve vagus nerves n
nerw błędny
(neuroanatomy) Either of the tenth pair of cranial nerves which extend from the medulla oblongata down into the abdomen. Branches of these important nerves supply the tongue, larynx, lungs, gut, and heart.

vain /veɪn/ more vain most vain vainer vainest adj
próżny
Overly proud of oneself, especially concerning appearance; having a high opinion of one's own accomplishments with slight reason.

vale of tears /ˈveɪl əv ˈtɪəz/ /ˈveɪl əv ˈtɪɚz/ vales of tears n
dolina płaczu padół łez dolina łez padół płaczu ziemski padół
(in the singular) The world, a place where difficulties and the sorrows of life are felt, especially (Christianity) as a place to be left behind when one dies and goes to heaven.

valedictorian /væl.ə.dɪkˈtoɹ.i.ən/ /væl.ə.dɪkˈtoɹ.i.ɪn/ /væl.əd.ɪkˈtɔɹ.ɪən/ valedictorians n
prymus prymuska
(US, Canada, properly) The individual in a graduating class who delivers the farewell or valedictory address, often the person who graduates with the highest grades.
(US, Canada, colloquial) The individual in a graduating class who graduates with the highest grades.

valedictory /ˌvæləˈdɪktəɹi/ /ˌvæləˈdɪktɹi/ /ˌvælɪˈdɪktəɹi/ /ˌvælɪˈdɪktɹi/ adj
pożegnalny
Of or pertaining to a valediction; designed for or suitable to an occasion of bidding farewell or parting company.

valence /ˈveɪl(ə)ns/ /ˈveɪləns/ valences n
wartościowość
The combining capacity of an atom, functional group, or radical determined by the number of atoms of hydrogen with which it will unite, or the number of electrons that it will gain, lose, or share when it combines with other atoms, etc. [from 1884]
The number of binding sites of a molecule, such as an antibody or antigen.
walencja
(countable, linguistics) The number of arguments that a verb can have, including its subject, ranging from zero to three or, less commonly, four.
(uncountable, sociology) The value which a person places on something.

valence band valence bands n
pasmo walencyjne
(physics) The highest range of electron energies in an insulator or semiconductor that can be populated; it corresponds to the valence electrons of the constituent atoms

valenki n
walonki
Traditional Russian felt boots.

valentine /ˈvaləntaɪn/ valentines n
walentynka
An expression of affection, especially romantic affection, usually in the form of greeting card, gift, or message given the object of one's affection, especially on February 14th.
A person to whom a valentine is given or from whom it is received, especially on February 14th.

valerian /vəˈlɪəɹɪən/ valerians n
kozłek baldrian odolan
(uncountable) The root of Valeriana officinalis, used in herbal medicine.

valet /væˈleɪ/ /ˈvæleɪ/ /ˈvælɪt/ valets n
parkingowy
(US) A person employed to clean or park cars.

valiance valiances n
bitność waleczność
The quality of being valiant; heroism, bravery or valour.

valiant /ˈva.lɪ.ənt/ /ˈvæ.ljənt/ more valiant most valiant adj
mężny
Possessing or showing courage or determination; brave, heroic.

valiantly more valiantly most valiantly adv
bitnie walecznie
In a valiant manner; showing bravery.

valid /ˈvælɪd/ more valid most valid adj
ważny aktualny poprawny prawidłowy
Acceptable, proper or correct; in accordance with the rules.

validate /ˈvæl.ə.deɪt/ /ˈvæl.ɪ.deɪt/ v
przeprowadzać walidację walidować
(transitive) To check or prove the validity of; verify.

validation /ˌvæl.əˈdeɪ.ʃən/ validations n
potwierdzenie uprawomocnienie uzasadnienie walidacja
The act of validating something.

validator validators n
walidator
Something that validates.

validity /vəˈlɪd.ə.ti/ /vəˈlɪd.ɪ.ti/ [vəˈlɪd.ə.ɾi] [vəˈlɪɾ.ə.ti] [vəˈlɪɾ.ɪ.ti] [vəˈlɪɾ.ɪ.ɾi] validities n
aktualność
State of having legal force.

valine valines n
walina
(amino acid, organic compound) An essential amino acid 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid found in most animal proteins.

valkyrie /ˈvælˌkɚ.i/ /ˈvælˌkɪ.ɹi/ /ˈvɑl-/ valkyries n
walkiria
(Norse mythology) Any of the female attendants of Odin, figures said to guide fallen warriors from the battlefield to Valhalla.

valley /ˈvæli/ valleys vallies n
dolina
An elongated depression cast between hills or mountains, often garnished with a river flowing through it.

valour /ˈvælə/ /ˈvælɚ/ valours n
męstwo odwaga dzielność waleczność
Strength of mind in regard to danger; the quality which enables a person to encounter danger with firmness

valuable /ˈvælju(ə)bl̩/ /ˈvæljəbl̩/ more valuable most valuable adj
wartościowy drogocenny
Having a great value.

valuable /ˈvælju(ə)bl̩/ /ˈvæljəbl̩/ valuables n
drogocenności kosztowności precjoza
(usually, in plural) A personal possession such as jewellery, of relatively great monetary value.

valuables n
drogocenności kosztowności precjoza
valuable items collectively.

value /ˈvæl.juː/ values n
wartość
The quality (positive or negative) that renders something desirable or valuable.
(music) The relative duration of a musical note.
(mathematics, physics) Any definite numerical quantity or other mathematical object, determined by being measured, computed, or otherwise defined.
wartość znaczenie
(uncountable) The degree of importance given to something.
wartość cena koszt
The amount (of money or goods or services) that is considered to be a fair equivalent for something else.
odcień
(arts) The relative darkness or lightness of a color in (a specific area of) a painting etc.

value /ˈvæl.juː/ v
wyceniać wycenić
To estimate the value of; judge the worth of something.
To fix or determine the value of; assign a value to, as of jewelry or art work.
cenić
To regard highly; think much of; place importance upon.
To hold dear.

value added values added n
wartość dodana
(economics, business) the amount by which the value of an article is increased at each stage of its production, exclusive of initial costs

value added tax value added taxes n
podatek od towarów i usług podatek od wartości dodanej
(taxation) A tax levied on the added value that results from the exchange of goods and services

value for money n
stosunek jakości do ceny
A reasonable amount and quality of goods or services for the amount of money one spends.

value judgment value judgments n
ocena wartościująca
(philosophy) A judgment of the rightness or wrongness of something, based on a particular set of values or on a particular value system.

value proposition value propositions n
propozycja wartości
(business, management) The benefit (such as profit or convenience) offered by an organisation's product or service.

valve /ˈvælv/ valves n
wentyl zawór
A device that controls the flow of a gas or fluid through a pipe.
zawór wentyl
A device that admits fuel and air into the cylinder of an internal combustion engine, or one that allows combustion gases to exit.
zastawka
(anatomy) One or more membranous partitions, flaps, or folds, which permit the passage of the contents of a vessel or cavity in one direction, but stop or control the flow in the opposite direction

valveless adj
bezwentylowy
Having no valves.

vamp /væmp/ vamps n
przyszwa
The top part of a boot or shoe, above the sole and welt and in front of the ankle seam, that covers the instep and toes; the front part of an upper; the analogous part of a stocking. [from c. 1225]
wamp
A flirtatious, seductive woman, especially one who exploits men by using their sexual desire for her. [from c. 1915]

vampire /ˈvæm.paɪ.ə(ɹ)/ vampires n
wampir upiór wampirzyca wąpierz
A mythological undead creature said to feed on the blood of the living. [from 1732]

vampire bat vampire bats n
wampir
Any of the three small bats of the subfamily Desmodontinae, native to Central and South America, which use their teeth to cut the skin of larger animals while they are asleep and surreptitiously drink blood, their sole source of food.

vampire squid n
wampirzyca
A small deep-sea cephalopod, Vampyroteuthis infernalis, sole species of its order, found in temperate and tropical oceans.

vampiress vampiresses n
wampirzyca
A female vampire.

vampiric more vampiric most vampiric adj
wampirski
Having the traits of a vampire.

van /væn/ vans n
van blaszak blaszanka
A covered motor vehicle used to carry goods or (normally less than ten) persons, usually roughly cuboid in shape, longer and higher than a car but relatively smaller than a truck/lorry or a bus.
dostawczak furgonetka samochód dostawczy
(British) An enclosed railway vehicle for transport of goods, such as a boxcar/box van.

vanadinite vanadinites n
wanadynit
(mineral) A reddish mineral, a mixed chloride and vanadate of lead with the chemical formula Pb5(VO4)3Cl, that is commercial source of vanadium.

vanadium /vəˈneɪdi.əm/ vanadiums n
wanad
A chemical element (symbol V) with atomic number 23; it is a transition metal, used in the production of special steels.

vandal /ˈvændəl/ vandals n
wandal
A person who needlessly destroys, defaces, or damages things, especially other people's property.

vandalise /ˈvændəlaɪz/ v
wandalizować zwandalizować
To needlessly destroy or deface other people’s property or public property; to commit vandalism.

vandalism /ˈvændəlɪzm̩/ vandalisms n
wandalizm
Willful damage to or destruction of any property, such as graffiti or defacement.

vanguard /ˈvanˌɡɑːd/ /ˈvænˌɡɑɹd/ /ˈvɛnˌɡɐːd/ vanguards n
awangarda straż przednia
(military) The leading units at the front of an army or fleet.

vanilla /vəˈnɛlə/ /vəˈnɪlə/ vanillas n
wanilia
(countable) Any tropical, climbing orchid of the genus Vanilla (especially Vanilla planifolia), bearing podlike fruit yielding an extract used in flavoring food or in perfumes.
(countable) The fruit or bean of the vanilla plant.
(uncountable) The extract of the fruit of the vanilla plant.
(uncountable) The distinctive fragrant flavour/flavor characteristic of vanilla extract.
(uncountable) Any artificially produced homologue of vanilla extract, principally vanillin produced from lignin from the paper industry or from petrochemicals.

vanish /ˈvænɪʃ/ v
zniknąć znikać
To become invisible or to move out of view unnoticed.

vanishing point vanishing points n
punkt zbiegu
The point in a perspective drawing at which parallel lines receding from an observer seem to converge.

vanity /ˈvænəti/ /ˈvænɪti/ [-ɾi] vanities n
próżność marność
That which is vain, futile, or worthless; that which is of no value, use or profit.
próżność
Excessive pride in or admiration of one's own abilities, appearance, achievements, or possessions.
Emptiness.

vantage /ˈvæntɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈvɑːntɪd͡ʒ/ vantages n
przewaga
(archaic) An advantage.
punkt obserwacyjny
A place or position affording a good view; a vantage point.

vantage point /ˈvæn.tɪd͡ʒ ˌpɔɪnt/ /ˈvɑːn.tɪd͡ʒ ˌpɔɪnt/ vantage points n
punkt obserwacyjny
A place or position affording a good view.

vaper vapers n
vaper, waper
A user of electronic cigarettes

vapid /ˈveɪp.ɪd/ /ˈvæp.ɪd/ more vapid most vapid adj
bezbarwny
Lifeless, dull, or banal.
beztreściowy beztreściwy
Tasteless, bland, or insipid.

vapor /ˈveɪpə/ /ˈveɪpɚ/ vapors n
para
The gaseous state of a substance that is normally a solid or liquid.

vapor pressure vapor pressures n
ciśnienie pary
(physics) The pressure that a vapor exerts, or the partial pressure if it is mixed with other gases.

vaporize v
parować wyparować
(ambitransitive) To turn into vapor.

vardapet /ˈvɑɹdəpɛt/ /ˈvɑːdəpɛt/ vardapets n
wartabed
(Christianity) A highly educated archimandrite in the Armenian Apostolic Church tradition who holds a Doctorate in Theology.

varenyky /vəˈɹɛniːkiː/ n
wareniki pierogi
Boiled dumplings stuffed with potato, cheese, or other filling; a serving of these; .

variable /ˈvæɹ.i.ə.bl̩/ /ˈvɛə.ɹi.ə.bl̩/ /ˈvɛɹ.i.ə.bl̩/ more variable most variable adj
zmienny
Able to vary or be varied.
Likely to vary.
Marked by diversity or difference.
(biology) Tending to deviate from a normal or recognized type.
zmienna
(mathematics) Having no fixed quantitative value.

variable /ˈvæɹ.i.ə.bl̩/ /ˈvɛə.ɹi.ə.bl̩/ /ˈvɛɹ.i.ə.bl̩/ variables n
zmienny zmienna
Something that is variable.
zmienna
Something whose value may be dictated or discovered.
(mathematics) A quantity that may assume any one of a set of values.
(mathematics) A symbol representing a variable.
(programming) A named memory location in which a program can store intermediate results and from which it can read them.

variable antshrike variable antshrikes n
chronka zmienna
A passerine bird of the antbird family, in species Thamnophilus caerulescens.

variable cost variable costs n
koszt zmienny
(accounting) A cost that changes with the change in volume of activity of an organization.

variance /ˈveː.ɹi.əns/ /ˈvæɹ.i.əns/ /ˈvɛɹ.i.əns/ /ˈvɛː.ɹi.əns/ variances n
wariancja
(statistics) The second central moment in probability.

variant /ˈvæɹi.ənt/ /ˈvɛəɹi.ənt/ more variant most variant adj
variante
Showing variety, diverse.
odbiegający variante
Showing deviation or disagreement.

variant /ˈvæɹi.ənt/ /ˈvɛəɹi.ənt/ variants n
wariant odmiana rodzaj
Something that is slightly different from a type or norm.
wariant
(computing) A variable that can hold any of various unrelated data types.

variation /ˌvæɹiˈeɪʃn̩/ /ˌvɛəɹiˈeɪʃn̩/ /ˌvɛəɹɪˈeɪʃn̩/ /ˌvɛɹiˈeɪʃn̩/ variations n
zmienność
The act of varying; a partial change in the form, position, state, or qualities of a thing.
wariacja
(music) A technique where material is repeated with alterations to the melody, harmony, rhythm, timbre, texture, counterpoint or orchestration; but with some invariant characteristic, e.g. a ground bass.

varicella varicellae varicellas n
ospa
(loosely) Any of various other eruptive diseases, such as swinepox, hives, and varioloid.

varicose vein varicose veins n
żylak
(pathology) An abnormally swollen or dilated vein.

variegated /ˈveəɹɪəˌɡeɪtɪd/ /ˈvæɹi.əˌɡeɪtɪd/ more variegated most variegated adj
pstry srokaty
Streaked, spotted, or otherwise marked with a variety of color.

variegated horsetail variegated horsetails n
skrzyp pstry
A plant in the taxonomic genus Equisetum of horsetails (Equisetum variegatum).

variety /-ɾi/ /vəˈɹaɪ.ə.ti/ /vəˈɹaɪ.ɪ.ti/ varieties n
forma języka forma mowy odmiana języka odmiana językowa
(linguistics) A specific form of a language, neutral to whether that form is an accent, dialect, register, etc., and to its prestige level; an isolect or lect.
odmiana
(botany, taxonomy) A rank in a taxonomic classification below species and (if present) subspecies, and above form; hence, an organism of that rank.
odmiana rodzaj
(algebraic geometry) Ellipsis of algebraic variety (“the set of solutions of a given system of polynomial equations over the real or complex numbers; any of certain generalisations of such a set that preserves the geometric intuition implicit in the original definition”).

variety is the spice of life proverb
różnorodność jest przyprawą życia różnorodność nadaje życiu smak
Variety is what makes life interesting.

various /ˈvæɹ.i.əs/ /ˈvɛə.ɹi.əs/ /ˈvɛɚ.i.əs/ /ˈvɛɹ.i.əs/ adj
różny rozmaity
Having a broad range (of different elements).

varistor /vɛəˈɹɪstə(ɹ)/ varistors n
warystor
(electronics) An electronic component having a variable resistance; used to protect circuits against power surges.

varmint /ˈvɑɹmɪnt/ /ˈvɑːmɪnt/ varmints n
robactwo
A pestering animal such as one that kills or harasses a farmer's livestock or crops.
łapserdak
(by extension) An obnoxious person or troublemaker.

varnish /ˈvɑː(ɹ)nɪʃ/ varnishes n
lakier
A type of paint with a solvent that evaporates to leave a hard, transparent, glossy film.

varnish /ˈvɑː(ɹ)nɪʃ/ v
lakierować
(intransitive) To apply varnish.
(transitive) To cover up with varnish.

vary /ˈvæɹi/ /ˈvɛəɹi/ /ˈvɛɹi/ v
zmieniać zmieniać się zmienić zmienić się
(intransitive) Not to remain constant: to change with time or a similar parameter.
różnić się
(transitive) To make of different kinds; to make different from one another; to diversity; to variegate.

vas deferens vasa deferentia n
nasieniowód
(anatomy) The duct in the testicle that carries semen from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct.

vascular adj
naczyniowy
(anatomy) Relating to the flow of fluids, such as blood, lymph, or sap, through the body of an animal or plant, or to the vessels that carry such fluids

vascular plant vascular plants n
roślina naczyniowa
(botany) Any plant possessing vascular tissue (xylem and phloem), including ferns, conifers, and flowering plants.

vasculature /ˈvæskjʊlət͡ʃə(ɹ)/ vasculatures n
unaczynienie
(anatomy) The arrangement of blood vessels in the body, or within an organ.

vase /veɪs/ /veɪz/ /væes/ /vɐːz/ /vɑz/ /vɑːz/ /vɔz/ /vɔːz/ vases n
wazon
An upright open container used mainly for displaying fresh, dried, or artificial flowers.

vaseline /ˈvæsəliːn/ vaselines n
wazelina
Petroleum jelly.

vasodilation vasodilations n
wazodylatacja
Dilation or widening of the blood vessels.

vassal /ˈvæsəl/ vassals n
wasal
(historical, law) The grantee of a fief, a subordinate granted use of a superior's land and its income in exchange for vows of fidelity and homage and (typically) military service.

vast /væst/ /vɑːst/ more vast most vast vaster vastest adj
rozległy obszerny zdecydowany
Very large or wide (literally or figuratively).

vastness /ˈvæstnəs/ vastnesses n
bezkresność
(uncountable) The quality of being vast.
bezkres
(countable) Something vast.

vat /væt/ vats n
kadź stągiew
A large tub, such as is used for making wine or for tanning.

vatnik /ˈvætnɪk/ /ˈvɑtnɪk/ vatniki vatniks n
watnik
A Russian style of quilted jacket.
(derogatory, internet slang, neologism, by extension) A supporter of Vladimir Putin, Russian nationalism, or the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine; a Putinist.

vatrushka vatrushkas n
watruszka
A sort of small, round pastry filled with cottage cheese, popular in Eastern Europe.

vaudeville /ˈvoʊd.vɪl/ /ˈvɔ.də.vɪl/ /ˈvɔd.vɪl/ /ˈvɔː.də.vɪl/ vaudevilles n
wodewil
(historical, uncountable) A style of multi-act theatrical entertainment which originated from France and flourished in Europe and North America from the 1880s through the 1920s.

vault /vɑlt/ /vɒlt/ /vɔlt/ /vɔːlt/ vaults n
sklepienie skarbiec
An arched masonry structure supporting and forming a ceiling, whether freestanding or forming part of a larger building.
skok wolta
An act of vaulting, formerly (chiefly) by deer; a leap or jump.
sklepienie
(figuratively) Anything resembling such a downward-facing concave structure, particularly the sky and caves.
piwnica
Any cellar or underground storeroom.
skarbiec
The secure room or rooms in or below a bank used to store currency and other valuables; similar rooms in other settings.

vault /vɑlt/ /vɒlt/ /vɔlt/ /vɔːlt/ v
skoczyć
(ambitransitive) To jump or leap over with a hand and/or foot on the item for support.

vaulting vaultings n
woltyżerka
The sport of gymnastics and dance routines performed on horseback, and on the longe line.

veal /viːl/ veals n
cielęcina
The flesh of a calf (i.e. a young bovine) used for food.

veche veches n
wiec wiece
(historical, political) a popular assembly in medieval Slavic countries.

vector /ˈvɛktə/ /ˈvɛktɚ/ vectors n
wektor
(mathematics) A directed quantity, one with both magnitude and direction; the signed difference between two points.
(computing, operating systems) A memory address containing the address of a code entry point, usually one which is part of a table and often one that is dereferenced and jumped to during the execution of an interrupt.
wektor przenosiciel
(epidemiology) A carrier of a disease-causing agent.

vector graphics n
grafika wektorowa
(computing) Geometrical primitives based upon mathematical equations to represent images in computer graphics, contrasted with raster graphics.

vector product vector products n
iloczyn wektorowy
(linear algebra) a vector with the size given by the product of two vectors computed as the product of the magnitudes of the vectors and the sine of the angle between their directions, and directed perpendicular to the given two vectors, with positive orientation.

vector space vector spaces n
przestrzeń liniowa przestrzeń wektorowa
(algebra, geometry, topology) A set of elements called vectors, together with some field and operations called addition (mapping two vectors to a vector) and scalar multiplication (mapping a vector and an element in the field to a vector), satisfying a list of constraints.

veduta vedutas vedute n
weduta
A highly detailed, usually large-scale painting of a cityscape or some other vista.

vedutista vedutistas vedutisti n
wedutysta wedutystka
(art) A landscape painter.

veery /ˈvɪəɹi/ veeries n
drozdek brunatny
An American thrush (Catharus fuscescens) common in the Northern United States and Canada.

vegan /ˈveɪɡən/ /ˈviːɡən/ /ˈvɛd͡ʒən/ adj
wegański
Relating to vegans or veganism. [from 1944]

vegan /ˈveɪɡən/ /ˈviːɡən/ /ˈvɛd͡ʒən/ vegans n
weganin weganka
A person committed to avoiding products and practices that inherently involve animal use, including all foods containing animal products, and to abstaining from direct and intentional harm to animals as far as possible; an adherent to veganism.

veganism veganisms n
weganizm

vegetable /ˈvɛd͡ʒ.tə.bəl/ /ˈvɛd͡ʒ.ə.tə.bəl/ /ˈvɛt͡ʃ.tə.bəl/ [ˈvɛd͡ʒ.tə.bl̩] adj
roślinny
Of or relating to plants.
jarzynowy warzywny
Of or relating to vegetables.

vegetable /ˈvɛd͡ʒ.tə.bəl/ /ˈvɛd͡ʒ.ə.tə.bəl/ /ˈvɛt͡ʃ.tə.bəl/ [ˈvɛd͡ʒ.tə.bl̩] vegetables n
warzywo jarzyna
A plant raised for some edible part of it, such as the leaves, roots, fruit or flowers, but excluding any plant considered to be a fruit, grain, herb, or spice in the culinary sense.
The edible part of such a plant.
warzywo
(figuratively, derogatory) A person whose brain (or, infrequently, whose body) has been damaged to the point that they cannot interact with the surrounding environment; a person in a persistent vegetative state.

vegetable garden vegetable gardens n
ogród
A garden where vegetables and herbs are grown for personal or household use, sometimes inclusive of cold frames, greenhouses, and market gardens. (This entry is a translation hub.)

vegetable oil vegetable oils n
olej roślinny
Any oil produced from plants, such as olive oil and corn oil, mostly used for cooking.

vegetable soup vegetable soups n
zupa jarzynowa
(culinary) A soup made from a variety of vegetables

vegetal /ˈvɛd͡ʒɨtl̩/ /ˈvɛd͡ʒɪ̈tl̩/ more vegetal most vegetal adj
roślinny
Pertaining to vegetables or plants. [from 16th c.]

vegetarian /vɛ.d͡ʒɪˈtɛ.ɹi.ən/ /vɛ.d͡ʒɪˈtɛə.ɹi.ən/ /ˌvɛ.d͡ʒɪˈtɛə.ɹɪ.ən/ more vegetarian most vegetarian adj
wegetariański
Of or relating to the type of diet eaten by vegetarians (in all senses). [from 1849]
Of a product normally made with meat, having non-meat substitutes in place of meat.

vegetarian /vɛ.d͡ʒɪˈtɛ.ɹi.ən/ /vɛ.d͡ʒɪˈtɛə.ɹi.ən/ /ˌvɛ.d͡ʒɪˈtɛə.ɹɪ.ən/ vegetarians n
jarosz wegetarianin wegetarianka
A person who does not eat animal flesh, or, in some cases, use any animal products. [from 1839]
roślinożerca
An animal that eats only plants; a herbivore.

vegetarianism /vɛd͡ʒɪˈtɛəɹi.ənɪzəm/ /vɛd͡ʒɪˈtɛɹi.ənɪzəm/ vegetarianisms n
wegetarianizm
The practice of following a vegetarian diet.

vehicle /ˈvi.ə.kəl/ /ˈviˌ(h)ɪ.kəl/ /ˈviː.ɪ.kəl/ /ˈvɛ.hɪ.kəl/ /ˈvɪə.kəl/ /ˈvɪː(ə).kəl/ vehicles n
pojazd wóz środek transportu
A conveyance; a spacious device for carrying or transporting substances, objects, people or animals.

veil /veɪl/ veils n
przesłona zasłona
Something hung up or spread out to hide or protect the face, or hide an object from view; usually of gauze, crepe, or similar diaphanous material.
welon woalka
A covering for a person or thing; as, a caul (especially over the head)

veiled adj
zawoalowany
(figurative) Partly hidden or concealed.

vein /veɪn/ veins n
żyła
(anatomy) A blood vessel that transports blood from the capillaries back to the heart.
żyłka
(botany) In leaves, a thickened portion of the leaf containing the vascular bundle.
(zoology) The nervure of an insect’s wing.
(figurative) A topic of discussion; a train of association, thoughts, emotions, etc.

veinlet veinlets n
żyłka
A small or secondary vein, especially on the wing of an insect or the leaf of a plant.

velar /ˈveɪlə/ /ˈveɪlɚ/ /ˈviːlə/ /ˈviːlɚ/ adj
miękkopodniebienny tylnojęzykowy welarny
(phonetics) Articulated at the velum or soft palate.

velarization /vi.lə.ɹaɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ /vi.lɚ.əˈzeɪ.ʃən/ velarizations n
welaryzacja
(phonology) The act or process of velarizing.

vellum /ˈvɛləm/ vellums n
welin
A type of parchment paper made from the skin of a lamb, baby goat, or calf.

velocipede /vɪˈlɒs.ɪ.piːd/ velocipedes n
welocyped
(historical) An early two-wheeled conveyance upon which one rode astride a wooden frame propelled by means of pushing the feet against the ground.

velociraptor velociraptors n
welociraptor
A small agile dinosaur, of the genus Velociraptor, having sickle-shaped claws. It is also thought to have had a feathered coat. Fossils have been found in Late Cretaceous deposits Mongolia and China (around 75-71 mya).
(film) Also Deinonychus

velocity /vəˈlɑsəti/ /vəˈlɒsəti/ velocities n
prędkość
(physics) A vector quantity that denotes the rate of change of position with respect to time, combining speed with a directional component.
Rapidity of motion.

velodrome /ˈvɛl.ə.dɹəʊm/ velodromes n
welodrom cyklodrom
An indoor arena, having an oval banked track for bicycle racing.

velour velours n
welur
A knit fabric similar to velvet, but usually somewhat coarser.

velvet /ˈvɛlvɪt/ more velvet most velvet adj
aksamitny
Made of velvet.
Soft and delicate, like velvet; velvety.
(politics) Peaceful; carried out without violence; especially as pertaining to the peaceful breakup of Czechoslovakia.

velvet /ˈvɛlvɪt/ velvets n
aksamit
A closely woven fabric (originally of silk, now also of cotton or man-made fibres) with a thick short pile on one side.

velvet scoter velvet scoters n
uhla zwyczajna uhla
An arctic sea duck, Melanitta fusca.

velveteen /ˈvɛlvətiːn/ velveteens n
welwet
A cotton fabric with a short pile, resembling velvet.

velvetiness n
aksamitność

velvety /ˈvɛlvəti/ more velvety most velvety adj
aksamitny
(also, figuratively) Like velvet; soft, smooth, soothing.

venal /ˈviːnəl/ more venal most venal adj
przekupny sprzedajny
Capable of being bought (of a person); willing to take bribes.
prostytutka
(of behaviour etc.) Corrupt, mercenary.

vendace /ˈvɛndɪs/ vendace vendaces n
sielawa
Either of two types of whitefish, Coregonus albula and Coregonus vandesius.

vendetta /vænˈdɛtə/ /vɛnˈdɛtə/ [vənˈdɛɾə] [vɛnˈdɛɾə] vendettas vendette n
wendeta zemsta wróżda
A bitter, destructive feud, normally between two families, clans, or factions, in which each injury or slaying is revenged: a blood feud.

vending machine vending machines n
automat automat sprzedający
An automatic machine that dispenses merchandise (often food or beverages) in return for payment (originally coins; now also often paper money, credit cards, and wirelessly via digital payment apps).

veneer /vəˈnɪə(ɹ)/ /vəˈnɪɹ/ veneers n
fornir
A thin decorative covering of fine material (usually wood) applied to coarser wood or other material.

venereal /vəˈnɪ.ɹi.əl/ /vəˈnɪə.ɹɪ.əl/ /vɪ-/ adj
weneryczne
Of a disease: sexually transmitted; of or relating to, or adapted to the cure of, a venereal disease.

venereal disease venereal diseases n
choroba weneryczna
(disease) Any of several contagious diseases, such as syphilis and gonorrhea, contracted through sexual intercourse.

venereology n
wenerologia
(medicine) A branch of medicine dealing with the study and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases.

venery /ˈvɛnəɹi/ veneries n
łowiectwo
The hunting of wild animals.

vengeance /ˈvɛnˌd͡ʒəns/ vengeances n
zemsta odwet pomsta
Revenge taken for an insult, injury, or other wrong.

vengeful /ˈvɛnʒ.fəl/ more vengeful most vengeful adj
mściwy
Vindictive or wanting vengeance.

venial /ˈviːni.əl/ more venial most venial adj
lekki
Able to be forgiven; worthy of forgiveness.

venison /ˈvɛ.nɪ.sən/ /ˈvɛ.nɪ.zən/ /ˈvɛn.zən/ venisons n
sarnina
The meat of a deer.

venom /ˈvɛnəm/ venoms n
jad
An animal toxin intended for defensive or offensive use; a biological poison delivered by bite, sting, etc., to protect an animal or to kill its prey.
złośliwość
(figuratively) Feeling or speech marked by spite or malice; vitriol.

venomous /ˈvɛnəməs/ more venomous most venomous adj
trujący jadowity
Of an animal (specifically a snake) or parts of its body: producing venom which is usually injected into an enemy or prey by biting or stinging; hence, of a bite or sting: injecting venom.
(archaic) Consisting of, or containing or full of, venom or some other poison; hence, harmful to health due to this.

venous /ˈviː.nəs/ more venous most venous adj
żylny
(relational) Of or pertaining to veins.

vent one's spleen v
wyżalać się wyżalić się
To openly express pent-up anger, often on an unrelated matter or person.

ventilation /ˌvɛntɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ ventilations n
wentylacja nawiew
The mechanical system used to circulate and replace air.

ventilator /ˈvɛntɪleɪtə/ ventilators n
wentylator
A device that circulates fresh air and expels stale or noxious air.
respirator
(medicine) A machine that moves breathable air into and out of the lungs of a patient who is unable to breathe sufficiently.

ventricle /ˈvɛn.tɹɪk.əl/ ventricles n
komora
One of two lower chambers of the heart.

ventriloquism ventriloquisms n
brzuchomówstwo
The art of projecting one's voice without moving the lips so that it appears to come from another source, such as a dummy.

ventriloquist /vɛnˈtɹɪl.ə.kwɪst/ ventriloquists n
brzuchomówca brzuchomówczyni
A person, especially an entertainer, who practices ventriloquism.

venture /ˈvɛn.t͡ʃə/ /ˈvɛn.t͡ʃɚ/ v
zapuszczać się zapuścić się
(transitive) To undertake a risky or daring journey.

venture capital n
kapitał podwyższonego ryzyka
(business) Money invested in an innovative enterprise in which both the potential for profit and the risk of loss are considerable.

veranda /vəˈɹæn.də/ verandas n
weranda
A gallery, platform, or balcony, usually roofed and often partly enclosed, extending along the outside of a building. [from 18th c.]

verb /vɜːb/ /vɝb/ verbs n
czasownik
(grammar) A word that indicates an action, event, or state of being.

verb of motion verbs of motion n
czasownik ruchu

verb-framing n
oznaczenie na czasowniku

verbal /ˈvɜː.bəl/ /ˈvɝ.bəl/ [ˈvɜː.bɫ̩] [ˈvɜ˞.bɫ̩] adj
werbalny słowny
Of or relating to words.
Concerned with the words, rather than the substance of a text.
ustny werbalny
Expressly spoken rather than written; oral.
odczasownikowy
(grammar) Derived from, or having the nature of a verb.
czasownikowy werbalny
(grammar) Used to form a verb.

verbal diarrhea n
słowotok
(slang) logorrhea

verbal noun verbal nouns n
rzeczownik odczasownikowy
(grammar) A noun that is morphologically related to a verb and similar to it in meaning; in English, it contrasts with the gerund and the deverbal noun.

verbalize /ˈvəːbəlʌɪz/ v
werbalizować
(transitive) To speak or to use words to express.

verbalizer verbalizers n
osoba, która werbalizuje
A thing that or person who verbalizes; frequently contrasted with visualizer.
werbalizator
(grammar) A morpheme, particle, etc. that converts a word into a verb.

verbatim /vɜːˈbeɪ.tɪm/ /vɝˈbeɪ.tɪm/ adv
dosłownie słowo w słowo
Word for word; in exactly the same words as were used originally.

verbena /vɜːˈbiːnə/ /vɝˈbinə/ verbenas n
werbena
Verbena, a genus of herbaceous plants of which several species are extensively cultivated for the great beauty of their flowers; vervain.

verbiage /ˈvɜː(ɹ).bi.ɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈvɝ.bi.ɪd͡ʒ/ verbiages n
gadanina
Overabundance of words.

verbose /vəˈbəʊs/ /vɚˈboʊs/ more verbose most verbose adj
przegadany
Containing or using more words than necessary; long-winded, wordy. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

verdant /ˈvɝ.dənt/ more verdant most verdant adj
zielenisty zielony
Green in colour.

verdict /ˈvɜɹ.dɪt/ /ˈvɜː.dɪkt/ /ˈvɝ.dɪkt/ verdicts n
wyrok werdykt orzeczenie
(legal) A decision on an issue of fact in a civil or criminal case or an inquest.

verdigris /ˈvɝ.də.ɡɹis/ /ˈvɝ.də.ɡɹɪs/ verdigrises n
grynszpan patyna
A blue-green patina or rust that forms on copper-containing metals.
(chemistry, dated) Copper acetate.
(color) The colour of this patina or material.

verge /vɜːd͡ʒ/ /vɝd͡ʒ/ verges n
gazon
(UK, Australia, New Zealand) The grassy area between the footpath and the street; a tree lawn; a grassed strip running alongside either side of an outback road.

verification verifications n
weryfikacja
(mathematics) The operation of testing the equation of a problem, to see whether it truly expresses the conditions of the problem.

verily /ˈvɛɹ.əl.i/ /ˈvɛɹ.ɪ.li/ adv
doprawdy zaiste zaprawdę
Truly; doubtlessly; honestly; in truth.

vermicelli vermicellis n
wermiszel
Long, slender pasta, similar to spaghetti, only thinner.

vermicide vermicides n
środek przeciw robakom środek przeciw tasiemcom
Any substance used to kill worms, especially parasitic intestinal worms

vermicular more vermicular most vermicular adj
robaczkowaty robakowaty
Relating to, or having the form of, a worm.

vermiform appendix vermiform appendices vermiform appendixes n
wyrostek wyrostek robaczkowy
(anatomy) An organ consisting of a blind tube projecting from the caecum. Of disputed function (if any), it is known for sometimes causing inflammation (appendicitis) in humans.

vermilion /vəˈmɪl.jən/ /vɚˈmɪl.jən/ vermilions n
cynober
A vivid red synthetic pigment made of mercury sulfide, cinnabar.

vermin /ˈvɜːmɪn/ /ˈvɝmɪn/ vermin vermins n
robactwo
Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance. [from c. 1300]
szkodnik
An obnoxious or mean and offensive person. [from 1560s]

vermouth /vəˈmuːθ/ /vɚˈmuθ/ /ˈvɜːməθ/ vermouths n
wermut
A dry, or sweet apéritif wine flavored with aromatic herbs, and often used in mixed drinks.

vernacular /vəˈnækjələ/ /vəˈnækjʊlə/ /vɚˈnækjəlɚ/ more vernacular most vernacular adj
ludowy nieliteracki obiegowy potoczny wernakularny
Of or pertaining to everyday language, as opposed to standard, literary, liturgical, or scientific idiom.
ludowy wernakularny
(architecture) Of or related to local building materials and styles; not imported.

vernacular /vəˈnækjələ/ /vəˈnækjʊlə/ /vɚˈnækjəlɚ/ vernaculars n
język narodowy język rodzimy język wernakularny
The language of a people or a national language.
język obiegowy język wernakularny język nieliteracki język potoczny mowa ludowa
Everyday speech or dialect, including colloquialisms, as opposed to standard, literary, liturgical, or scientific idiom.
gwara dialekt narzecze
Language unique to a particular group of people.

vernal /ˈvɜːn(ə)l/ /ˈvɝnəl/ more vernal most vernal adj
wiosenny
Pertaining to or occurring in spring. [from mid 16th c.]

vernal equinox vernal equinoxes n
równonoc wiosenna
(astronomy) The moment when the sun appears to cross the celestial equator while tilting towards the observer, taking place in March in the northern hemisphere and September in the southern hemisphere.

vernally adv
wiosennie
In a vernal manner or context; in spring.

vernissage /vɛːnɪˈsɑːʒ/ /ˌvɛɹnəˈsɑʒ/ vernissages n
wernisaż
A private viewing of an art exhibition before it opens to the public.

versatile /ˈvɜː.səˌtaɪl/ /ˈvɝ.sə.təl/ /ˈvɝ.səˌtaɪl/ [ˈvɜː.səˌtaɪɫ] more versatile most versatile adj
wszechstronny uniwersalny wersatylny
Capable of doing many things competently.
uniwersalny wielofunkcyjny
Having varied uses or many functions.

verse /ˈvɜːs/ /ˈvɝs/ verses n
wiersz
A poetic form with regular meter and a fixed rhyme scheme.
werset
A small section of a holy book (Bible, Quran etc.)

versification versifications n
wersyfikacja
(poetry) The act, art, or practice of composing poetic verse; the construction or measure of verse or poetry; metrical composition.

version /ˈvɜːʃən/ /ˈvɜːʒən/ /ˈvɝʒən/ versions n
wersja
A specific form or variation of something.
An account or description from a particular point of view, especially as contrasted with another account.
(computing) A particular revision (of software, firmware, CPU, etc.).

verst /vɜːst/ /vɝst/ versts n
wiorsta
A Russian unit of length, equivalent to about 1.07 kilometres or about 2⁄3 of a mile.

versus /ˈvɜːsəs/ /ˈvɜːsɪz/ /ˈvɝs/ /ˈvɝsəs/ /ˈvɝsəz/ preposition
kontra versus
Against; in opposition to.
a
Compared with, as opposed to.

vert /vɜːt/ /vɝt/ more vert most vert adj
zielony
(tincture) In blazon, of the colour green.

vertebra /ˈvɜː.tɪb.ɹə/ /ˈvɝ.təb.ɹə/ /ˈvɝ.təˌbɹeɪ/ vertebrae vertebras vertebræ n
kręg
(skeleton) Any of the bony or cartilaginous segments which make up the backbone, consisting in some lower vertebrates of several distinct elements which never become united, and in higher vertebrates having a short more or less cylindrical body whose ends articulate by pads of elastic or cartilaginous tissue with those of adjacent vertebrae and a bony arch that encloses the spinal cord.

vertebral /vɚˈti.bɹəl/ /ˈvɜː.tɪ.bɹəl/ /ˈvɜ˞.tə.bɹəl/ adj
kręgowy
(anatomy) Of or relating to a vertebra or the spine.

vertebral column vertebral columns n
kręgosłup
(skeleton) The series of vertebrae that protect the spinal cord; the spinal column.

vertebrate /ˈvɛɹ.tɪ.bɹeɪt/ adj
kręgowy
Having a backbone.

vertebrate /ˈvɛɹ.tɪ.bɹeɪt/ vertebrates n
kręgowiec
An animal having a backbone.

vertex /ˈvɜː.tɛks/ /ˈvɝˌtɛks/ vertexes vertices n
ciemię
(anatomy) The highest surface on the skull; the crown of the head.
wierzchołek
The highest point, top or apex of something.
(geometry) An angular point of a polygon, polyhedron or higher order polytope.
(graph theory) One of the elements of a graph joined or not by edges to other vertices.
(computer graphics) A point in 3D space, usually given in terms of its Cartesian coordinates.

vertical /ˈvɜː.tɪ.kəl/ /ˈvɝ.ɾə.kəl/ /ˈvɝ.ɾɪ.kəl/ more vertical most vertical adj
pionowy wertykalny
Standing, pointing, or moving straight up or down; parallel to the local direction of gravity; along the direction of a plumb line; perpendicular to something horizontal.

vertical angle vertical angles n
kąt wierzchołkowy
(geometry) Any of the opposite angles formed by intersecting lines.

vertically /ˈvɜː.tɪ.k(ə)li/ /ˈvɝ.tɪ.k(ə)li/ more vertically most vertically adv
pionowo
In a vertical direction or position.

vertigo /ˈvɜːtɪɡəʊ/ /ˈvɝtɪɡoʊ/ vertigoes vertigos n
zawroty głowy
A sensation of whirling and loss of balance, caused by looking down from a great height or by disease affecting the inner ear.

verve /vɜːv/ /vɝv/ n
wigor bigiel werwa
Enthusiasm, rapture, spirit, or vigour, especially of imagination such as that which animates an artist, musician, or writer, in composing or performing.

very /ˈvɛɹi/ verier veriest adj
identyczny
The same; identical.

very /ˈvɛɹi/ adv
bardzo wielce
To a great extent or degree.
naprawdę prawdziwie
Conforming to fact, reality or rule; true.

very high frequency n
UKF VHF fale metrowe fale ultrakrótkie
(broadcasting, radio, TV) The frequency area from 30 MHz through 300 MHz, commonly used for radio and TV broadcasting.

very well interjection
dobrze
(idiomatic, formal) Indicating acceptance, often with resignation or acquiescence, of a statement or situation.

vesicle /ˈviːsɪkəl/ /ˈvɛsɪkəl/ vesicles n
pęcherzyk
(cytology) A membrane-bound compartment found in a cell.

vesper sparrow vesper sparrows n
nieszporek
Pooecetes gramineus, a medium-sized American sparrow.

vessel /ˈvɛs.l̩/ /ˈvɛs.əl/ vessels n
statek
A craft designed for transportation through air or space. [From 1915]
naczynie
A person as a container of qualities or feelings. [From 1382]
(biology) A tube or canal that carries fluid in an animal or plant. [From 1398]

vest /vɛst/ vests n
podkoszulek podkoszulka
kamizelka bezrękawnik
(North America) A sleeveless garment that buttons down the front, worn over a shirt, and often as part of a suit; a waistcoat.

vestal virgin vestal virgins n
westalka
(literally) A virgin dedicated to the service of the goddess Vesta.

vestibule /ˈvɛ.stəˌbjul/ /ˈvɛ.stɪ.bjuːl/ vestibules n
westybul przedpokój przedsionek sień hol wiatrołap
(architecture) A small entrance hall, antechamber, passage, or room between the outer door and the main hall, lobby, or interior of a building. [from the 17th c.]
przedsionek
(anatomy) Any of a number of body cavities or channels, serving as or resembling an entrance to another bodily space. [from the 18th c.]

vestige /ˈvɛs.tɪd͡ʒ/ vestiges n
ślad
A mark left on the earth by a foot.

vestment /ˈvɛstmənt/ vestments n
ornat
Any of the special articles of clothing worn by members of the clergy etc., especially a garment worn at the celebration of the Eucharist.

vestry /ˈvɛstɹi/ vestries n
zakrystia
A room in a church where the clergy put on their vestments and where these are stored; also used for meetings and classes; a sacristy.

vet /vɛt/ vets n
weteran
(colloquial, US) A veteran (a former soldier or other member of armed forces).

vet /vɛt/ v
prześwietlać prześwietlić
To thoroughly check or investigate particularly with regard to providing formal approval.

vetch /vɛt͡ʃ/ vetches n
wyka
Any of several leguminous plants, of the genus Vicia, often grown as green manure and for their edible seeds.

veteran /ˈvɛ.tə.ɹən/ /ˈvɛ.tɹən/ [ˈvɛ.t̬ə.ɹən] [ˈvɛ.ɾə.ɹən] veterans n
weteran weteranka
A person with long experience of a particular activity.
A person who has served in the armed forces, especially an old soldier who has seen long service; also called a war veteran to distinguish from veterans who weren't in armed conflict.

veterinarian /ˌvɛt(ə)ɹə.ˈnɛɹ.i.ən/ /ˌvɛtʃ.ɹɪn.ˈɛɹ.i.ən/ /ˌvɛʔ.n̩.ˈɛɹ.i.ən/ veterinarians n
weterynarz weterynarka
(now, US) A medical doctor who treats animals.

veterinary medicine n
medycyna weterynaryjna weterynaria
The branch of medicine that deals with the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases and injuries of animals, especially domestic and farm animals.

vetero-testamentary /ˌvɛtəɹoʊˌtɛstəˈmɛntəɹi/ /ˌvɛtəɹəʊˌtɛstəˈmɛntəɹi/ /ˌvɛtɹəʊˌtɛstəˈmɛntɹi/ [ˌvɛɾəɹoʊˌtɛstəˈmɛnɾəɹi] adj
starotestamentowy starozakonny
Of or pertaining to the Old Testament of the Bible. [from mid 20th c.]

veto /ˈviːtoʊ/ /ˈviːtəʊ/ [ˈviːtʰoʊ] [ˈviːɾoʊ] vetoes vetos n
weto
A political right to disapprove of (and thereby stop) the process of a decision, a law etc.
An invocation of that right.

veto /ˈviːtoʊ/ /ˈviːtəʊ/ [ˈviːtʰoʊ] [ˈviːɾoʊ] v
wetować zawetować
(transitive) To use a veto against.

vexillology /ˌvɛk.səˈlɑl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌvɛk.sɪˈlɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ n
weksylologia
The study of flags.

via /ˈvaɪə/ /ˈviː.ə/ preposition
drogą przez via
By way of; passing through.
By (means of); using.

viaduct /ˈvaɪəˌdʌkt/ viaducts n
wiadukt
(transport) A bridge with several spans that carries road or rail traffic over a valley or other obstacles.

vial /ˈvaɪl/ /ˈvaɪəl/ vials n
fiolka
A glass vessel or bottle, especially a small tube-shaped bottle used to store medicine, perfume or other chemicals.

viaticum /vʌɪˈatɪkəm/ viatica viaticums n
wiatyk
(especially, Catholicism) The Eucharist, when given to a person who is dying or one in danger of death.
dieta
(often, figurative) Provisions, money, or other supplies given to someone setting off on a long journey.

vibraphone /ˈvɑɪ.bɹə.ˌfəʊn/ vibraphones n
wibrafon
A percussion instrument with a double row of tuned metal bars, each above a tubular resonator containing a motor-driven rotating vane, giving a vibrato effect.

vibrate /vaɪˈbɹeɪt/ /ˈvaɪ.bɹeɪt/ v
wibrować
(intransitive) To shake with small, rapid movements to and fro.
rezonować
(transitive) To brandish; to swing to and fro.

vibrate mode vibrate modes n
tryb wibracji

vibrationless more vibrationless most vibrationless adj
bezwibracyjny

vibrato /vɪˈbɹɑːtoʊ/ vibratos n
vibrato wibracja wibrato
(music) The musical effect or technique where the pitch or frequency of a note or sound is quickly and repeatedly raised and lowered over a small distance for the duration of that note or sound.

vibrator /vaɪˈbɹeɪtə/ /ˈvaɪbɹeɪtɚ/ [ˈvaɪ̯bɹeɪ̯ɾɚ] vibrators n
wibrator
A vibrating device used for massage or sexual stimulation.
A device that vibrates or causes vibration.

viburnum viburna n
kalina
Any of many shrubs and trees, of the genus Viburnum, native to the Northern Hemisphere that have showy clusters of flowers.

vicar /ˈvɪkɚ/ vicars n
wikariusz
In the Roman Catholic and some other churches, a cleric acting as local representative of a higher ranking member of the clergy.
A person acting on behalf of, or representing, another person.

vicarious embarrassment vicarious embarrassments n
zażenowanie
The uncomfortable sympathetic feeling experienced while watching someone else embarrass themselves.

vice /vaɪs/ vices n
nałóg narów wada występek
Bad or immoral behaviour.
występek
(legal) Any of various crimes related (depending on jurisdiction) to weapons, prostitution, pornography, gambling, alcohol, tobacco, or drugs.

vice chairman vice chairmen n
wiceprezes
A person who takes on the responsibilities of a chairman in his absence

vice president vice presidents n
wiceprezydent wiceprezydentka
A deputy to a president, often empowered to assume the position of president on their death or absence.

vice squad vice squads n
obyczajówka policja obyczajowa
(police, criminology) A police section specialized in vice crimes.

vice versa /vaɪs-/ /ˈvaɪsi ˈvɝsə/ /ˈvaɪsə-/ /ˈvaɪsɪ ˈvɜːsə/ adv
odwrotnie na odwrót vice versa
(generally after or) The same but with the two items mentioned reversed.

vice- prefix
wice-
Taking the place or rank of (another person); deputy.

vice-chancellor vice-chancellors n
wicekanclerz
(education) An official holding a rank immediately below that of chancellor.

vicenarian /vɪsəˈnɛɹi.ən/ vicenarians n
dwudziestolatek dwudziestolatka
A person whose age is between twenty and twenty-nine years, inclusive; someone in their twenties.

vicereine /vʌɪsɹeɪn/ /ˈvʌɪsɹɛn/ vicereines n
żona wicekróla
The wife of a viceroy. [from 19th c.]
wicekrólowa
A woman who is a viceroy.

viceroy /ˈvaɪsˌɹɔɪ/ viceroys n
wicekról
One who governs a country, province, or colony as the representative of a monarch.
An orange and black North American butterfly (Limenitis archippus), so named because it is similar to, but smaller than, the monarch butterfly.

vicinal /ˈvɪsɪnəl/ adj
sąsiedzki
Of or pertaining to a neighborhood; neighboring.

vicinity /vəˈsɪnəti/ vicinities n
sąsiedztwo bliskość pobliże
proximity; the state of being near.
okolica sąsiedztwo
neighbourhood; nearby region; surrounding area.

vicious /ˈvɪʃəs/ more vicious most vicious viciouser viciousest adj
bezwzględny zacietrzewiony
Violent, destructive and cruel.
narowisty
Savage and aggressive.

vicious circle vicious circles n
błędne koło
A situation in which the response to one problem creates a chain of problems, each making it more difficult to solve the original one.
(logic) A fallacy in which the premise is used to prove a conclusion which is then used to prove the premise.

victim /ˈvɪktəm/ /ˈvɪktɪm/ victims n
ofiara poszkodowana poszkodowany
One who is harmed or killed as a result of a natural or man-made disaster or impersonal condition.
One who is harmed or killed by a crime or scam.
One who is harmed or killed by an accident or illness.
poszkodowana poszkodowany
One who is harmed or killed as a result of other people's biases, emotions or incompetence, or their own.
ofiara
A living being which is slain and offered as a sacrifice, usually in a religious rite.

victim of one's own success n
ofiara własnego sukcesu

victimology /ˌvɪktɪˈmɒləd͡ʒi/ victimologies n
wiktymologia
The study of the victims of crime, and especially of the reasons why some people are more prone to be victims.

victorious /vɪkˈtɔːriəs/ more victorious most victorious adj
zwycięski
Being the winner in a contest, struggle, war, etc.
Of or expressing a sense of victory or triumph.

victoriously more victoriously most victoriously adv
triumfalnie zwycięsko
in a victorious manner; as part of a victory

victory /ˈvɪktəɹi/ /ˈvɪktɹi/ victories n
zwycięstwo wygrana
(uncountable) The condition or state of having won a battle or competition, or having succeeded in an effort; (countable) an instance of this.

victual /ˈvɪtəl/ [-ɾ(ə)ɫ] [ˈvɪtɫ̩] victuals n
prowiant
(archaic, chiefly, in the plural) Food supplies; provisions.

vicuna /vɪˈkuːnjə/ vicunas n
wigoń wikunia
A South American mammal, Vicugna vicugna, closely related to the alpaca, llama, and guanaco.

video /ˈvɪd.i.oʊ/ /ˈvɪd.i.əʊ/ videmus videos n
wideo
Television, television show, movie.
Motion picture stored on VHS or some other format.

video call video calls n
rozmowa wideo wideorozmowa
A kind of telephone call accompanied by video imagery.

video camera video cameras n
kamera wideo
A device for recording video footage, often a portable one used by amateurs; also as a fixed installation for surveillance purposes.

video card video cards n
karta graficzna
(computing) A piece of hardware installed into a personal computer to allow it to send video signals to an external output device such as a monitor or projector.

video clip video clips n
wideoklip

video conference /- ˌkɒnfɹəns/ /ˈvɪdiəʊ ˌkɒnfəɹəns/ video conferences n
wideokonferencja
(telecommunications) A conference held by video link; an arranged video phone call between more than two parties.

video game /ˈvɪdioʊ̯ˌɡeɪm/ /ˈvɪdiːəʊ̯ˌɡeɪm/ video games n
gra wideo gra komputerowa
A type of game, existing as and controlled by software, usually run by a video game console or a computer, played on a monitor or television screen, and controlled by a joypad, joystick, keyboard, mouse, or paddle. [from 1973]

video game console video game consoles n
konsola do gier konsola konsola gier wideo
(video games) A dedicated electronic device that is designed to play video games, especially in accompaniment with a television.

videocassette videocassettes n
wideokaseta kaseta magnetowidowa kaseta wideo
A cassette containing a blank or prerecorded videotape on which visual images and sounds are recorded for use with a VCR.

videocassette recorder videocassette recorders n
magnetowid wideomagnetofon
An electronic device for recording and playing back television programs and movies (featuring visual images and sound) on a videocassette that can be attached to a television set.

videophone videophones n
wideofon
(dated) A cellphone with such capability. Used to distinguish from stills-only camera cellphones and camera-less cellphones.
A telephone capable of transmitting both audio and video signals in both directions.

videotape videotapes n
kaseta wideo taśma
A relatively wide magnetic tape used for recording visual images and sounds (as of a television production) for subsequent playback or broadcasting.

videotape v
nagrywać na kasecie wideo
to make a recording of something on videotape

vie /vaɪ/ v
współzawodniczyć
(intransitive) To fight for superiority; to contend; to compete eagerly so as to gain something.

vieux riche /vjø ʁiʃ/ vieux riches n
stara szlachta zamożni dziedzice
(pejorative) Old money; wealthy persons whose fortunes are inherited, and who are therefore perceived to have refinement and good breeding.

view /vjuː/ /vɪu̯/ views n
widok
Something to look at, such as scenery.
widok pogląd
The act of seeing or looking at something.
punkt widzenia
A point of view.
perspektywa
(computing, databases) A virtual or logical table composed of the result set of a query in relational databases.
(computing, programming) The part of a computer program which is visible to the user and can be interacted with

view /vjuː/ /vɪu̯/ v
widzieć
(transitive) To look at.

viewer viewers n
widz
Someone who views a spectacle; an onlooker or spectator.
telewidz
Someone who watches television.

viewership viewerships n
oglądalność
collectively, the viewers of a television program or other video broadcast

viewfinder viewfinders n
celownik wizjer
A device on a camera that shows what will appear in the field of view of the lens; it helps the user target a subject, zoom and focus the image.

vigesimal /-sə-/ /vaɪ-/ /vɪˈd͡ʒɛsɪm(ə)l/ adj
dwudziestkowy
(arithmetic) To the base twenty. [from mid-17th c.]

vigil /ˈvɪd͡ʒəl/ vigils n
czuwanie
An instance of keeping awake during normal sleeping hours, especially to keep watch or pray.

vigilance /ˈvɪd͡ʒɪləns/ /ˈvɪd͡ʒɪlɪns/ vigilances n
czujność baczenie uwaga
Alert watchfulness.
czujność
Close and continuous attention.

vigilant /ˈvɪd͡ʒɪlənt/ more vigilant most vigilant adj
baczny czujny
Watchful, especially for danger or disorder; alert; wary

vigilante /ˌvɪd͡ʒ.əˈlæn.ti/ /ˌvɪd͡ʒ.ɪˈlæn.ti/ /ˌvɪd͡ʒ.ɪˈlɑːn.teɪ/ vigilantes n
samozwańczy obrońca
A person who acts outside of legal authority, often violently, to punish or avenge a crime, right a perceived wrong, etc.

vignette /vɪnˈjɛt/ vignettes n
winieta
(printing) A decorative design, originally representing vine branches or tendrils, at the head of a chapter, of a manuscript or printed book, or in a similar position.
(photography) The characteristic of a camera lens, either by deficiency in design or by mismatch of the lens with the film format, that produces an image smaller than the film's frame with a crudely focused border. Photographers may deliberately choose this characteristic for a special effect.

vigorous /ˈvaɪɡɹəs/ /ˈvɪɡəɹəs/ more vigorous most vigorous adj
energiczny
Physically strong and active.

vigour /ˈvɪɡə/ /ˈvɪɡɚ/ vigours n
animusz bigiel
Active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; energy.

vildagliptin /ˌvɪl.dəˈɡlɪp.tɪn/ n
wildagliptyna
(pharmaceutical drug) A particular antidiabetic drug.

vile /vaɪ(ə)l/ more vile most vile viler vilest adj
podły niecny nikczemny
Morally low; base; despicable.

vilify /ˈvɪl.ɪ.faɪ/ v
oczerniać
(transitive) To say defamatory things about someone or something; to speak ill of.
potępiać
(transitive) To belittle through speech; to put down.

villa /ˈvɪlə/ villae villas n
willa dacza
(plural "villas") A house, often larger and more expensive than average, in the countryside or on the coast, often used as a retreat.

village /ˈvɪlɪd͡ʒ/ villages n
wieś wioska siodło sioło
A rural habitation of size between a hamlet and a town.

village green village greens n
nawsie

village idiot village idiots n
wiejski głupek
A person widely known in their community for their stupidity and ignorant behaviour.

villager /ˈvɪlɪd͡ʒə/ /ˈvɪlɪd͡ʒɚ/ villagers n
wieśniak wieśniaczka
A person who lives in, or comes from, a village.

villagization villagizations n
przymusowa emigracja na wieś

villain /ˈvɪl.jən/ /ˈvɪl.ən/ villainess villains n
złoczyńca łotr łajdak
A deliberate scoundrel.
złoczyńca czarny charakter złol
In fiction, a character who has the role of being bad, especially antagonizing the hero; an antagonist who is also evil or malevolent.

villus /ˈvɪləs/ villi n
kosmek
(biology) A small projection from a membrane, particularly those found in the mucous membranes of the intestines.

vinaigrette /vɪnəˈɡɹɛt/ vinaigrettes n
winegret
A sauce, made of an acidic liquid such as vinegar or lemon juice; oil; and other ingredients, used as a salad dressing, or as a marinade for cold meats.

vindictive /vɪnˈdɪk.tɪv/ more vindictive most vindictive adj
mściwy złośliwy
Having a tendency to seek revenge when wronged, vengeful.

vine /vaɪn/ vines n
pnącze
(by extension) Any similar climbing or trailing plant.

vinegar /ˈvɪnəɡə/ /ˈvɪnəɡɚ/ vinegars n
ocet
(uncountable) A sour liquid formed by the fermentation of alcohol used as a condiment or preservative; a dilute solution of acetic acid.

vineyard /ˈvɪn.jəd/ /ˈvɪn.jɚd/ /ˈvɪnˌjɑːd/ vineyards n
winnica
A grape plantation, especially one used in the production of wine.

vintage /ˈvɪn.tɪd͡ʒ/ more vintage most vintage adj
klasyczny vintage
(attributively) Having an enduring appeal; high-quality.
zabytkowy
(Of a motor car) built between the years 1919 and (usually) 1930 (or sometimes 1919 to 1925 in the USA).
(Of a watch) produced between the years 1870 and 1980.

vintage /ˈvɪn.tɪd͡ʒ/ vintages n
zbiór
The yield of grapes or wine from a vineyard or district during one season.
rocznik vintage
Wine, especially high-quality, identified as to year and vineyard or district of origin.
winobranie
The harvesting of a grape crop and the initial pressing of juice for winemaking.
rocznik
The year or place in which something is produced.

vintage /ˈvɪn.tɪd͡ʒ/ v
zbierać
(transitive) To harvest (grapes).
tłoczyć
(transitive) To make (wine) from grapes.

vinyl /ˈvaɪ.nl̩/ /ˈvaɪ.nəl/ /ˈvaɪ.nɪl/ vinyls n
winyl
(countable) Any of various compounds and substances containing the vinyl radical, especially various tough, flexible, shiny plastics.
(music, countable) A phonograph record.

vinyl record vinyl records n
płyta gramofonowa płyta winylowa
A form of gramophone record that was stamped from a lump of polyvinyl chloride.

viola /vaɪˈoʊlə/ /vɪˈoʊlə/ /ˈvaɪ.ələ/ /ˈvaɪələ/ /ˈviː.ələ/ violas n
fiołek
(botany) Any of several flowering plants, of the genus Viola, including the violets and pansies.

viola /viˈoʊ.lə/ /viˈəʊ.lə/ violas viole n
altówka wiola
A stringed instrument of the violin family, somewhat larger than a violin, played under the chin, and having a deeper tone.

viola d'amore viola d'amores viole d'amore n
altówka miłosna amorka

violate /ˈvaɪəˌleɪt/ v
naruszać pogwałcać
(transitive) To break or disregard (a rule or convention).

violation /ˌvaɪ.əˈleɪ.ʃən/ violations n
pogwałcenie naruszenie
The act or an instance of violating or the condition of being violated.

violence /ˈvaɪ(ə)ləns/ /ˈvaɪ(ə)ˌlɛns/ violences n
gwałtowność przemoc
Extreme force.
przemoc gwałt
Physical action which causes destruction, harm, pain, or suffering.
gwałt
(figuratively) Injustice, wrong.

violent /ˈvaɪ.lənt/ /ˈvaɪ.ə.lənt/ more violent most violent violenter violentest adj
gwałtowny
Involving extreme force or motion.
brutalny
Involving physical conflict.
agresywny
Likely to use physical force.
jaskrawy
Intensely vivid.

violet /ˈvaɪlət/ /ˈvaɪələt/ violeter violetest adj
fioletowy
Of a violet colour.

violet /ˈvaɪlət/ /ˈvaɪələt/ violets n
fiołek
A plant or flower of the genus Viola, especially the fragrant Viola odorata; (inexact) similar-looking plants and flowers.
fiolet
The colour of most violets; the colour evoked by the shortest visible wavelengths between 380 and 435 nm, an additive tertiary colour.

violet carpenter bee violet carpenter bees n
zadrzechnia fioletowa
A species (Xylocopa violacea) of the carpenter bee that is most common in Europe.

violin /ˌvaɪ.oʊˈlin/ /ˌvaɪəˈlɪn/ [ˌwaʊˈlin] violins n
skrzypce
A small unfretted stringed instrument with four strings tuned (lowest to highest) G-D-A-E, usually held against the chin and played with a bow.

violin maker violin makers n
lutnik
(lutherie) A person who makes violins, and usually other bowed stringed instruments such as violas, cellos and double basses.

violinist violinists n
skrzypaczka skrzypek
A person who plays the violin.

violist /viˈoʊ.lɪst/ /viˈəʊ.lɪst/ violists n
alcista alcistka altowiolinista altowiolinistka altowiolista altowiolistka
A person who plays the viola.

viper /ˈvaɪpɚ/ vipers n
żmija
A venomous snake in the family Viperidae.

viral /ˈvaɪɹəl/ adj
wirusowy
(virology) Of or relating to a biological virus.
(virology) Caused by a virus.

virgin /ˈvɜːd͡ʒɪn/ /ˈvɝd͡ʒɪn/ more virgin most virgin adj
dziewiczy dziewicza
(usually, not comparable) In a state of virginity; chaste, not having had sexual intercourse.
dziewiczy
Of a physical object, untouched.

virgin /ˈvɜːd͡ʒɪn/ /ˈvɝd͡ʒɪn/ virgins n
dziewica prawiczek
person who has not had sexual intercourse, animal that has never mated

virgin forest virgin forests n
las dziewiczy
A forest being more or less free from human ecological disturbance.

virginity /və(ɹ)ˈd͡ʒɪnɪti/ virginities n
dziewictwo panieństwo
The state or characteristic of being a virgin.

virial theorem n
twierdzenie o wiriale
(physics) A theorem in mechanics showing the relationship between the kinetic energy of a system to the virial of Clausius.

virile /ˈvɪɹ.əl/ /ˈvɪɹˌaɪl/ more virile most virile adj
męski
Manly; having characteristics associated with being male, such as strength; exhibiting masculine traits to an exaggerated degree such as strength, forcefulness or vigor.
męskoosobowy
(grammar) Pertaining to a grammatical gender used in plurals of some Slavic languages, corresponding to the personal masculine animate nouns.

virility /vəˈɹɪlɪti/ virilities n
męskość
The state of being virile.

virion /ˈvaɪɹiɑn/ /ˈvaɪɹiən/ /ˈvɪɹiɑn/ /ˈvɪɹiɒn/ virions n
wirion
(virology) A single individual particle of a virus (the viral equivalent of a cell).

virology /vaɪˈɹɒləd͡ʒi/ virologies n
wirusologia
The branch of microbiology that deals with the study of viruses and viral diseases.

virtual /ˈvɜɹt͡ʃuəl/ /ˈvɜːt͡ʃ(ʊ)l/ /ˈvɜːt͡ʃʊəl/ /ˈvɵːt͡ʃuəl/ /ˈvɵːt͡ʃəl/ [ˈvɵːt͡ʃɯ(l)] adj
wirtualny dosłowny rzeczywisty
In effect or essence, rather than in fact or reality; also, imitated, simulated.
wirtualny
Simulated in a computer and/or online.
(object-oriented programming) Of a class member: capable of being overridden with a different implementation in a subclass.

virtual machine virtual machines n
komputer wirtualny maszyna wirtualna

virtual particle virtual particles n
cząstka wirtualna
(physics) a particle that exists for a limited time and space, introducing uncertainty in their energy and momentum

virtual private network virtual private networks n
wirtualna sieć prywatna
(computing) A network set up for use by a limited number of individuals, such as employees of a company, operating over a large area. The network typically uses encryption to keep information secure.

virtual reality virtual realities n
rzeczywistość wirtualna
A computer technology that simulates a real or imagined environment so that the user can interact with it as if physically present.

virtually /ˈvɝt͡ʃuəli/ [ˈvɝt͡ʃuəɫi] more virtually most virtually adv
praktycznie
Almost but not quite.

virtue /-tjuː/ /ˈvɜː.t͡ʃuː/ /ˈvɝ.t͡ʃu/ virtues n
cnota godność
A particular manifestation of moral excellence in a person; an admirable quality. [from 13th c.]

virtue signalling /ˈvɜɹtʃu sɪɡnəlɪŋ/ [ˈvɜ˞tʃ-] n
pokazywanie pozornych wartości sygnalizacja cnoty
(derogatory, chiefly, in the context of political and social justice issues) The practice of expressing a particular opinion or performing a particular action in an attempt to make oneself look virtuous: commonly defensively in response to, or anticipation of, criticism; or aggressively, in assuming a moral posture in attacking an opponent.

virtuosity /ˌvɜː(ɹ)tjuˈɒsɪti/ virtuosities n
wirtuozeria wirtuozerstwo wirtuozja wirtuozostwo
The technical skills and fluent style of a virtuoso.

virtuoso /ˌvɜ.tʃuˈəʊ.səʊ/ /ˌvɝ.t͡ʃuˈoʊ.soʊ/ virtuosi virtuosos n
wirtuoz wirtuozka
Specifically, a musician (or other performer) with masterly ability, technique, or personal style. [from 18th c.]

virtuous /ˈvɜːt͡ʃʊəs/ /ˈvɝt͡ʃuəs/ more virtuous most virtuous adj
cnotliwy
Full of virtue; having excellent moral character.

virtuous circle /ˈvɜː.t͡ʃʊ.əs ˈsɜː.kəl/ /ˈvɝ.t͡ʃu.əs ˈsɝ.kəl/ virtuous circles n
koło sukcesu
A situation in which the solution to one problem makes each future problem easier to solve than the original one.

virulence /ˈvɪɹjələns/ /ˈvɪɹələns/ virulences n
wirulencja
The state of being virulent.

virus /ˈvaɪɹəs/ vira viri virii viruses virusses n
wirus
A submicroscopic, non-cellular structure consisting of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, that requires a living host cell to replicate, and often causes disease in the host organism; such agents are often classed as nonliving infectious particles and less often as microorganisms.
(uncountable) A quantity of such infectious agents
(informal, metonymically) A disease caused by such an infectious agent; a viral illness.
wirus wirus komputerowy
(computing) A type of malware which can covertly transmit itself between computers via networks (especially the Internet) or removable storage such as disks, often causing damage to systems and data; also computer virus.

vis-à-vis /viz.ɑˈvi/ /viz.əˈvi/ /viːz.æˈviː/ /viːz.ɑːˈviː/ preposition
vis-à-vis naprzeciw naprzeciwko
Opposite; across from; set so as to be facing.

visa /ˈviː.sə/ /ˈviː.zə/ visas n
wiza
A permit to enter and leave a country, normally issued by the authorities of the country to be visited.

visa-free adj
bezwizowy
not requiring a visa when entering a country

visage /vɪˈsɑd͡ʒ/ /ˈvɪzɪd͡ʒ/ visages n
oblicze
Countenance; appearance; one's face.

visaless adj
bezwizowy
Without requiring a visa; visa-free.

viscacha /vɪˈskatʃə/ /vɪˈskɑt͡ʃə/ viscachas n
wiskacza
Any of the several South American rodents, native to the Andes, of the genera Lagidium and Lagostomus, within family Chinchillidae.

viscera n
trzewia
Collectively, the internal organs of the body, especially those contained within the abdominal and thoracic cavities, such as the liver, heart, or stomach.

visceral /ˈvɪsəɹ(ə)l/ /ˈvɪsəɹəl/ /ˈvɪsɹ(ə)l/ /ˈvɪsɹəl/ more visceral most visceral adj
trzewny trzewiowy
(anatomy) Of or relating to, made up of, or positioned among or within, the viscera.
Of or relating to the viscera or bowels regarded as the origin of a person's emotions; hence (figuratively) , relating to or having deep internal feelings or sensibility. [16th–17th c.; revived from 20th c.]

viscometer viscometers n
lepkościomierz
(physics) An instrument used to measure the viscosity of a liquid.

viscosity /vɪsˈkɑsɪti/ /vɪsˈkɒsɪti/ viscosities n
lepkość
(countable, physics) A quantity expressing the magnitude of internal friction in a fluid, as measured by the force per unit area resisting uniform flow.

viscount /ˈvaɪkaʊnt/ viscountess viscounts n
wicehrabia
A member of the peerage, above a baron but below a count or earl.

viscountess viscountesses n
wicehrabina
A woman holding the rank of viscount in her own right.

viscous /ˈvɪs.kəs/ more viscous most viscous adj
lepki kleisty
Having a thick, sticky consistency between solid and liquid.

vise /vaɪs/ vises n
imadło
(US) An instrument consisting of two jaws, closing by a screw, lever, cam, or the like, for holding work, as in filing.

visibility /ˌvɪz.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/ /ˌvɪz.əˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/ /ˌvɪz.ɪˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/ visibilities n
widoczność
(countable) The degree to which things may be seen.

visible /ˈvɪzəb(ə)l/ more visible most visible adj
widoczny widzialny
Able to be seen.

visible light n
światło widzialne
(physics) The part of the electromagnetic spectrum, between infrared and ultraviolet, that is visible to the human eye.

vision /ˈvɪʒ.ən/ [ˈvɪʒ.n̩] visions n
wzrok widzenie
(uncountable) The sense or ability of sight.
wizja
(countable) A religious or mystical experience of a supernatural appearance.

visit /ˈvɪzɪt/ visits n
wizyta odwiedziny
A single act of visiting.

visit /ˈvɪzɪt/ v
odwiedzać nawiedzić odwiedzić złożyć wizytę
(transitive) To habitually go to (someone in distress, sickness etc.) to comfort them. (Now generally merged into later senses, below.) [from 13th c.]

visitation /ˌvɪzɪˈteɪʃən/ visitations n
wizytacja wizytowanie zwizytowanie
The act of visiting, or an instance of being visited.
wizytacja
An official visit to inspect or examine something.
nawiedzenie
A punishment or blessing ordained by God.

visitor /ˈvɪzɪtə/ /ˈvɪzɪtɚ/ visitors n
odwiedzający gość
Someone who visits someone else; someone staying as a guest.

visor /ˈvaɪzɚ/ visors n
przyłbica
A part of a helmet, arranged so as to lift or open, and so show the face. The openings for seeing and breathing are generally in it.

vista /ˈviːstə/ /ˈvɪstə/ vistas n
widok
A distant view or prospect, especially one seen through some opening, avenue or passage.

visual /ˈvɪzjuːəl/ /ˈvɪʒuəl/ /ˈvɪʒuːəl/ /ˈvɪʒwəl/ /ˈvɪʒəl/ more visual most visual adj
wizualny
Related to or affecting the vision.

visual arts n
sztuki plastyczne sztuki wizualne
Art forms that are primarily visual in nature, such as painting, photography, printmaking, and filmmaking.

visualise /ˈvɪzjʊəlaɪz/ /ˈvɪʒuəlaɪz/ /ˈvɪʒwəlaɪz/ /ˈvɪʒəlaɪz/ /ˈvɪʒʊəlaɪz/ v
wizualizować
(transitive) To envisage; to form a mental picture of.
uwidocznić
(transitive) To make (something) visible.

visualization /ˌvɪzjʊəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ /ˌvɪʒuələˈzeɪʃən/ /ˌvɪʒwələˈzeɪʃən/ /ˌvɪʒəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ /ˌvɪʒʊəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ visualizations n
wizualizacja
The act of visualizing, or something visualized.

visualizer visualizers n
wzrokowiec
Someone who visualizes; especially someone whose mental imagery is visual.

visually /ˈvɪzju.əli/ /ˈvɪʒu.əli/ /ˈvɪʒəli/ more visually most visually adv
wizualnie
By means of sight.

vital /ˈvaɪtəl/ more vital most vital adj
życiowy witalny
Relating to, or characteristic of life.
życiowy niezbędny do życia witalny
Necessary to the continuation of life; being the seat of life; being that on which life depends.

vitalism vitalisms n
witalizm
The doctrine that life involves some immaterial "vital force", and cannot be explained scientifically.

vitamer vitamers n
prowitamina
Any of a combination of substances that, together, function as a vitamin.

vitamin /ˈvaɪ.tə.mɪn/ /ˈvɑet.ə.mən/ /ˈvɪt.ə.mɪn/ [ˈvʌɪ.ɾə.mɪn] vitamins n
witamina
Any of a specific group of organic compounds essential in small quantities for healthy human growth, metabolism, development, and body function; found in minute amounts in plant and animal foods or sometimes produced synthetically; deficiencies of specific vitamins produce specific disorders.

vitamin A n
witamina A akseroftol
(vitamin) Any of several closely related fat-soluble vitamins that are essential for normal vision; retinol.

vitamin C n
witamina C
The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid, a water-soluble nutrient essential for life, synthesized by most animals and plants but not humans, although used in our bodies for many purposes. It is plentiful in citrus fruits and many vegetables, and a deficiency causes scurvy.

vitaminic more vitaminic most vitaminic adj
witaminowy
Of or pertaining to vitamins.
Containing vitamins.

vitaminless adj
bezwitaminowy

vitiligo /ˌvɪtɪˈlaɪɡəʊ/ vitiligos n
bielactwo
(dermatology) The patchy loss of skin pigmentation.

vitreous humour vitreous humours n
ciało szkliste
(ophthalmology, British, Canada) The clear gel that fills the eyeball between the lens and the retina.

vitrify /ˈvɪt.ɹɪˌfaɪ/ v
zeszklić
(intransitive) To be converted into glass, especially through heat.

vitrine /vəˈtɹiːn/ /vɪˈtɹiːn/ vitrines n
witryna
A glass-paneled cabinet or case, especially for displaying articles such as china, objets d'art, or fine merchandise.

vituperative /vaɪˈtjuːpɹətɪv/ /vaɪˈtuːpɚətɪv/ /vɪˈtjuːpɹətɪv/ /vɪˈtuːpɚətɪv/ more vituperative most vituperative adj
potępiający
Marked by harsh abuse; abusive, often with ranting or railing.

vivianite vivianites n
wiwianit
(mineral) A blue, green or colourless mineral of monoclinic crystals, Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O.

vividness vividnesses n
plastyka
The quality or state of being vivid.

viviparous /vɪˈvɪpəɹəs/ adj
żyworodny
(of an animal or animal species) Being born alive, as are most mammals, some reptiles, and a few fish (as opposed to being laid as an egg and subsequently hatching, as do most birds and many other species).

viviparous blenny viviparous blennies n
węgorzyca
(British) A fish in the family Zoarcidae, Zoarces viviparus.

vivisection /ˌvɪvɪˈsɛkʃən/ vivisections n
wiwisekcja
The action of cutting, surgery or other invasive treatment of a living organism for the purposes of physiological or pathological scientific investigation.

vixen /ˈvɪk.sən/ vixens n
lisica liszka
A female fox.
jędza kurwa suka
A malicious, quarrelsome or temperamental woman.

viz. /vɪz/ adv
tj.
Videlicet: namely, to wit, that is to say, specifically, as an illustration.

vizier /vɪˈzɪə/ /vɪˈzɪɹ/ /ˈvɪzɪə/ viziers n
wezyr
(history) A high-ranking official or minister in an Islamic government, especially in the Ottoman Empire.

vlog /ˈviːˌlɑɡ/ /ˈviːˌlɒɡ/ /ˈvlɑɡ/ /ˈvlɒɡ/ vlogs n
vlog
(Internet) A weblog using video as its primary presentation format. [from 21st c.]

vlogger vloggers n
vloger vlogerka
A contributor to a vlog.

vocabulary /voʊˈkæbjəlɛɹi/ /vəʊˈkabjʊləɹɪ/ /vəˈkabjʊləɹɪ/ /vəˈkæbjəlɛɹi/ vocabularies n
słownictwo słownik leksyka zasób słowny
A usually alphabetized and explained collection of words e.g. of a particular field, or prepared for a specific purpose, often for learning.
słownictwo słownik zasób słowny
The collection of words a person knows and uses.
słownictwo nomenklatura
The stock of words used in a particular field.
słownictwo leksyka
The words of a language collectively; lexis.
słownictwo
(by extension) A range of artistic or stylistic forms or techniques.

vocal /ˈvoʊ.kəl/ /ˈvəʊ.kəl/ more vocal most vocal adj
wokalny głosowy
(phonetics) Consisting of, or characterized by, voice, or tone produced in the larynx, which may be modified, either by resonance, as in the case of the vowels, or by obstructive action, as in certain consonants, such as v, l, etc., or by both, as in the nasals m, n, ng.

vocal cord vocal cords n
struna głosowa więzadło głosowe
(anatomy, usually plural) Either of two pairs of folds of mucous membrane stretched horizontally across the human larynx whose vibrations help to produce the voice.

vocal cords n
struny głosowe
(chiefly, in the plural) Two folds of tissue located in the larynx that vibrate when air passes over them, producing the sound waves associated with talking and singing.

vocalic /voʊˈkælɪk/ /vəʊˈkælɪk/ adj
samogłoskowy
Pertaining to a vowel.

vocalism vocalisms n
wokalizm
(linguistics) The vowel sounds used in a language.

vocalist /ˈvoʊkəlɪst/ vocalists n
wokalista wokalistka
A singer; a person who likes to sing.

vocation /voʊˈkeɪʃən/ /vəʊˈkeɪʃən/ vocations n
powołanie posłannictwo
An occupation for which a person is suited, trained or qualified.

vocational school vocational schools n
szkoła zawodowa zawodówka
A school that provides training in specific skills required for different industries.

vocative /ˈvoʊkətɪv/ /ˈvɑkətɪv/ /ˈvɒkətɪv/ more vocative most vocative adj
wołacz
(grammar) Used in address; appellative (said of that case or form of the noun, pronoun, or adjective, in which a person or thing is addressed). For example "Domine, O Lord"

vocative case vocative cases n
wołacz
(grammar) case of address, case used for a noun identifying the person or thing being addressed. It corresponds to the archaic English particle "O" as used in solemn or poetic address e.g.: Hear me, O Albion! Languages that regularly employ the vocative include Arabic, Bengali, Bulgarian, Czech, Georgian, Greek, Hawaiian, Hindi-Urdu, Irish, Latin, Latvian, Lithuanian, Ojibwe, Polish, Romanian, Ruthenian/Rusyn, Sanskrit, Scottish Gaelic, Serbo-Croatian, Slovak, Tamil and Ukrainian.

vociferation /voʊˌsɪf.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ /vəʊˌsɪf.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ vociferations n
krzyk
The act of exclaiming; violent outcry; vehement utterance of the voice.

vodka /ˈvɑdkə/ /ˈvɒdkə/ vodkas n
wódka
A clear distilled alcoholic liquor made from grain mash.
A serving of the above beverage.

vodyanoy vodyanoys n
wodnik
(Slavic mythology) A type of water sprite from Slavic mythology

voice /vɔɪs/ voices n
głos odgłos
Sound uttered by the mouth, especially by human beings in speech or song; sound thus uttered considered as possessing some special quality or character
głos
An expressed opinion, choice, will, desire, or wish; the right or ability to make such expression or to have it considered
(archaic) Command; precept.
(music) In harmony, an independent vocal or instrumental part in a piece of composition.
głos strona
(grammar) A particular way of inflecting or conjugating verbs, or a particular form of a verb, by means of which is indicated the relation of the subject of the verb to the action which the verb expresses.

voice actor voice actors voice actress n
aktor głosowy
An actor who provides voices or voice-overs for radio drama, animations, commercials, dubbed films, games, etc.

voice message voice messages n
głosówka wiadamość głosowa
A message left on a voice mail system.

voice of reason voices of reason n
głos rozsądku

voice-over /ˈvɔɪsoʊvɚ/ /ˈvɔɪsəʊvə/ voice-overs n
szeptanka tłumaczenie lektorskie
A production technique, in which pictures are accompanied by the voice of an unseen actor or reporter.
lektor tłumaczenie lektorskie wersja lektorska wydanie lektorskie
A voice-overed release, especially of foreign content.
lektor ścieżka lektorska
The voice audio track of such a broadcast.

voiced /vɔɪst/ adj
dźwięczny
(phonetics) Sounded with vibration of the vocal cords. For example, the phone [z] is voiced, while [s] is unvoiced.

voiceless /ˈvɔɪsləs/ adj
bezdźwięczny bezgłośny niemy
Lacking a voice, without vocal sound.
bezdźwięczny
(phonetics, of a consonant or vowel) Spoken without vibration of the vocal cords; unvoiced, surd, breathed. Examples: [t], [s], [f], [m̥], [u̥].

voicelessly more voicelessly most voicelessly adv
bezdźwięcznie

voicelessness n
bezdźwięczność

voicemail voicemails n
poczta głosowa
(countable, by extension) An individual message on such a system.

voicing /ˈvɔɪsɪŋ/ voicings n
udźwięcznienie
(phonology) A phonological process that turns a voiceless sound into a voiced one.

void /vɔɪd/ adj
nieważny
Having no incumbent; unoccupied; said of offices etc.
Of no legal force or effect, incapable of confirmation or ratification.
(programming, of a function or method) That does not return a value; being a procedure rather than a function.
(bridge) Having no cards in a particular suit.

void /vɔɪd/ voids n
próżnia pustka
An empty space; a vacuum.

voilà /(v)wɑˈlɑ/ /vwæˈlɑː/ /vwɑːˈlɑː/ /vwʌˈlɑː/ interjection
ot oto voilà
Lo, there it is; see here; ta-da; presto; behold!

voivode /ˈvɔɪˌvoʊd/ /ˈvɔɪˌvəʊd/ voivodes n
wojewoda
A local ruler or official in various parts of central and eastern Europe, especially early semi-independent rulers of Transylvania.
An administrative chief in modern Poland.

voivodeship /ˈvɔɪˌvoʊdˌʃɪp/ /ˈvɔɪˌvəʊdˌʃɪp/ voivodeships n
województwo
(countable, uncountable) The jurisdiction of a voivode, comparable to a countship or a county.
(countable) The highest-level administrative subdivision of Poland, comparable to a province or state.

vol. vols. n
t.
abbreviation of (the equivalent of) volume

volatile /ˈvɑ.ləˌtaɪ.əl/ /ˈvɒl.əˌtaɪ.(ə)l/ [ˈvɑ.lə.tl̩] [ˈvɑ.lə.ɾɫ̩] more volatile most volatile adj
lotny
(physics) Evaporating or vaporizing readily under normal conditions.
niestabilny zmienny
(of a price etc) Variable or erratic.
nieuchwytny ulotny
Temporary or ephemeral.
napięty
(of a situation) Potentially violent.
ulotny
(computing, of memory) Whose content is lost when the computer is powered down.

volcanic /vɒlˈkanɪk/ adj
wulkaniczny
Of or pertaining to a volcano or volcanoes
Produced by a volcano, or, more generally, by igneous agencies
Changed or affected by the heat of a volcano.

volcanic bomb volcanic bombs n
bomba wulkaniczna

volcanism volcanisms n
wulkanizm
(volcanology) Any of the natural phenomena and processes associated with the action of volcanos, geysers and fumaroles

volcano /vɑl.ˈkeɪ.noʊ/ /vɒl.ˈkeɪ.nəʊ/ /vɒl.ˈkɑː.nəʊ/ /vɔl.ˈkeɪ.noʊ/ volcanoes volcanos n
wulkan
A vent or fissure on the surface of a planet (usually in a mountainous form) with a magma chamber attached to the mantle of a planet or moon, periodically erupting forth lava and volcanic gases onto the surface.

volcanological adj
wulkanologiczny
Of or pertaining to volcanology.

volcanology /ˌvɒl.kə.ˈnɒ.lə.dʒi/ n
wulkanologia
The study of volcanoes.

vole /ˈvəʊl/ voles n
nornica nornik polnik
Any of a large number of species of small rodents of the subfamily Arvicolinae of the family Cricetidae which are not lemmings or muskrats.

volkhv /ˈvoʊlxəv/ volkhvs n
wołchw
(historical, paganism) a pre-Christian priest from Slavic cultures
(religion, paganism) a priest from Slavic neopaganism

volley /ˈvɑli/ /ˈvɒli/ volleys n
salwa
The simultaneous firing of a number of missiles or bullets; the projectiles so fired.
volley wolej
(sports) The flight of a ball just before it bounces.
(sports) A shot in which the ball is played before it hits the ground.

volleyball /ˈvɒlibɔ(ː)l/ volleyballs n
piłka siatkowa piłka do siatkówki
(uncountable) A game played on a rectangular court between two teams of two to six players which involves striking a ball back and forth over a net.
siatkówka piłka siatkowa piłka do siatkówki siata siatka
(countable) The inflated ball used in such a game.

volleyball player volleyball players n
siatkarz siatkarka
A person who plays volleyball, especially professionally.

volost volosts n
wołost włość
(historical) A traditional administrative subdivision in Eastern Europe.

volt /voʊlt/ /vɒlt/ /vəʊlt/ volts n
wolt
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of electrical potential and electromotive force (voltage); the potential difference across a conductor when a current of one ampere uses one watt of power. Symbol: V

voltage /voʊltɪd͡ʒ/ /vəʊltɪd͡ʒ/ voltages n
napięcie woltaż
(electricity) The difference in electrostatic potential between two points in space, especially between live and neutral conductors or the earth.

voltammeter voltammeters n
amperowoltomierz

voltmeter /ˈvoʊltˌmitɚ/ voltmeters n
woltomierz
An instrument for measuring electric potential in volts.

volume /ˈvɑl.jum/ /ˈvɑl.jəm/ /ˈvɒl(j)ɪu̯m/ /ˈvɒl.juːm/ /ˈvɒl.jʊm/ volumes n
objętość
A three-dimensional measure of space that comprises a length, a width and a height. It is measured in units of cubic centimeters in metric, cubic inches or cubic feet in English measurement.
Quantity.
głośność objętość
Strength of sound; loudness.
rocznik objętość
The issues of a periodical over a period of one year.
tom wolumin
A single book of a publication issued in multi-book format, such as an encyclopedia.
wolumin
(computing) An accessible storage area with a single file system, typically resident on a single partition of a hard disk.

voluntarily /ˈvɒləntɹɪli/ /ˌvɑlənˈtɛɹɪli/ more voluntarily most voluntarily adv
dobrowolnie
In a voluntary manner.

voluntary /vo.ˈlɔn.t̠ɹ̠̊ɹ̩.ri/ /ˈvɑ.lənˌtɛɹ.i/ /ˈvɒl.ən.tɹi/ /ˌvo.lɔn.ˈtɛ.ri/ more voluntary most voluntary adj
dobrowolny
Done, given, or acting of one's own free will.

volunteer /-ˈtɪɚ/ /ˌvɑlənˈtɪɹ/ /ˌvɒl(ə)nˈtɪə/ volunteers n
ochotnik wolontariusz wolontariuszka
One who enters into, or offers themselves for, any service of their own free will, especially when done without pay.
(military) One who enters into military service voluntarily (but who, when in service, is subject to discipline and regulations like other soldiers), as opposed to a conscript.
samosiejka
(botany, agriculture) A plant that grows spontaneously, without being cultivated on purpose; see volunteer plant in Wikipedia.

volunteer /-ˈtɪɚ/ /ˌvɑlənˈtɪɹ/ /ˌvɒl(ə)nˈtɪə/ v
zaciągać się zaciągnąć się
(intransitive) To enlist oneself as a volunteer.
oferować się zaoferować się zgłaszać się na ochotnika zgłosić się na ochotnika
(ambitransitive) To do or offer to do something voluntarily.
zgłaszać na ochotnika zgłosić na ochotnika
(transitive, informal) To offer the services of (someone else) to do something.

volunteering n
wolontariat
The act of voluntarily giving time and labor for charity or community service.

voluntell /ˌvɑlənˈtɛl/ /ˌvɒl(ə)nˈtɛl/ v
zgłaszać na ochotnika zgłosić na ochotnika
(transitive, originally, US, _, military slang, informal, often) To tell or force (someone) to volunteer to do something. [from c. 1992]

voluptuous /vəˈlʌp.t͡ʃu.əs/ more voluptuous most voluptuous adj
ponętny
(of a woman) Curvaceous and sexually attractive.

volute /vəˈluːt/ volutes n
woluta
(architectural element) The characteristic spiral curve on an Ionic capital, widely copied in other styles and in neoclassical architecture.

volvulus /ˈvɑl.vjəl.əs/ /ˈvɒl.vjʊl.əs/ volvuli volvuluses n
skręt jelit skręt kiszek
(medicine) Obstruction of the bowel in which a loop of bowel has abnormally twisted on itself.

vomer bone vomer bones n
lemiesz
(anatomy) The small thin bone that forms part of the septum between the nostrils.

vomit /ˈvɑmɪt/ /ˈvɒmɪt/ vomits n
wymiociny
The regurgitated former contents of a stomach; vomitus.

vomit /ˈvɑmɪt/ /ˈvɒmɪt/ v
wymiotować rzygać zwracać
(intransitive) To regurgitate or eject the contents of the stomach through the mouth; puke.

vomitrocious more vomitrocious most vomitrocious adj
mdlący
(slang) Causing a desire to vomit; disgusting or gross.

voodoo /ˈvuːduː/ voodoos n
voodoo wudu
Any of a group of related religious practices found chiefly in and around the Caribbean, particularly in Haiti and Louisiana.

voracious /vɔːˈɹeɪ.ʃəs/ /vəˈɹeɪ.ʃəs/ more voracious most voracious adj
zachłanny żarłoczny
Wanting or devouring great quantities of food.
zachłanny
Having a great appetite for anything; eager.

vorarephilia n
worarefilia
A paraphilia or fetish in role-playing, involving the devouring of or being devoured by another person or creature—whether alive and whole ("soft vore"), or with gore or killing ("hard vore").

vorpal /ˈvɔɹpl̩/ /ˈvɔːpl̩/ more vorpal most vorpal adj
migbłystalny
(role-playing games, of a blade) Having a special power making decapitation likely.

vortal vortals n
wortal

vortex /ˈvɔɹtɛks/ vortexes vortices n
wir
A whirlwind, whirlpool, or similarly moving matter in the form of a spiral or column.
(figuratively) Anything that involves constant violent or chaotic activity around some centre.
(figuratively) Anything that inevitably draws surrounding things into its current.

vortex mixer vortex mixers n
wytrząsarka

vortical /ˈvɔːtɪk(ə)l/ more vortical most vortical adj
wirowy
Of or pertaining to a vortex; containing vortices; moving in a vortex. [from 17th c.]

vote /voʊt/ /vəʊt/ votes n
głos wotum
a formalized choice on legally relevant measures such as employment or appointment to office or a proceeding about a legal dispute.
głosowanie
an act or instance of participating in such a choice, e.g., by submitting a ballot

vote /voʊt/ /vəʊt/ v
głosować zagłosować
(intransitive) To cast a vote; to assert a formalized choice in an election.

vote of confidence votes of confidence n
wotum zaufania
A motion proposed in a parliament or other assembly to give members the chance to express their confidence in a government; sometimes proposed by a government to counter a vote of no confidence proposed by the opposition; defeat would lead to the resignation of the government.

vote of no confidence votes of no confidence n
wotum nieufności
(politics, legal) A parliamentary motion representing the lack of confidence of a parliament in the standing government. A passed motion of no confidence usually results in the government's fall.

vote with one's feet v
głosować nogami zagłosować nogami
(idiomatic) To express one's preferences through one's actions, by voluntarily participating in or withdrawing from an activity, group, or process; especially, by physical migration to leave a situation one does not like, or to move to a situation one regards as more beneficial.

vote with one's wallet v
głosować portfelem zagłosować portfelem
(idiomatic) To elect to either support or boycott a company, store, or other product in order to demonstrate one's views, values, or principles.

voter /ˈvoʊtɚ/ /ˈvəʊtə(ɹ)/ voters n
wyborca elektor wyborczyni
Someone who votes.

voting /ˈvoʊtɪŋ/ votings n
głosowanie
action of the verb to vote

voting booth voting booths n
kabina wyborcza
(US) A small enclosed compartment where a voter may register a vote in private; it may house some voting machine, or just have a pencil for marking a voting slip.

votive /ˈvoʊ.tɪv/ /ˈvəʊ.tɪv/ more votive most votive adj
wotywny
Dedicated or given in fulfillment of a vow or pledge.

vouch /ˈvaʊt͡ʃ/ v
odpowiadać ręczyć
To affirm or warrant the correctness or truth of (something); also, to affirm or warrant (the truth of an assertion or statement).
To express confidence in or take responsibility for (the correctness or truth of) something.

voucher /ˈvaʊt͡ʃə(ɹ)/ vouchers n
talon
A piece of paper that entitles the holder to a discount, or that can be exchanged for goods and services.

vouchsafe /ˌvaʊt͡ʃˈseɪf/ [ˌvʌʊtʃˈseɪf] v
zaszczycać zaszczycić
To graciously give, to condescendingly grant a right, benefit, outcome, etc.; to deign to acknowledge.

voussoir /vuˈswɑːr/ voussoirs n
kliniec
(architecture) One of a series of wedge-shaped bricks or stones forming an arch or vault. [from 1728]

vow /vaʊ/ vows n
przysięga ślub
A solemn promise to perform some act, or behave in a specified manner, especially a promise to live and act in accordance with the rules of a religious order.

vowel /vaʊl/ /ˈvaʊ.əl/ vowels n
samogłoska
(phonetics) A sound produced by the vocal cords with relatively little restriction of the oral cavity, forming the prominent sound of a syllable.
(orthography) A letter representing the sound of a vowel; in English, the vowels are a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes y.

vowel harmony vowel harmonies n
harmonia samogłosek
(phonology) A phonological process in some languages that sets constraints on which vowels may be found near each other or within a word, such as back vowels or front vowels; sometimes resulting in variant affixes, clitics or similar variations.

vox populi /ˈvɒks ˈpɒpjuːlaɪ/ n
vox populi
voice of the people.

voyage /ˈvɔɪ.ɪd͡ʒ/ voyages n
rejs
A long journey, especially by ship.

voyeur /vwɑ.ˈjɜɹ/ /vwɑː.ˈjɜː/ /vɔɪ.ˈjɜr/ /vɔɪ.ˈjɜː/ voyeurs n
podglądacz
A person who derives sexual pleasure from secretly observing other people, especially when such people are engaged in some sexual activity.

voyeurism /vwɑːˈjɜːɹɪz(ə)m/ voyeurisms n
oglądactwo wojeryzm
The derivation of sexual satisfaction by watching unsuspecting people secretly, especially when those being watched are undressed or undressing, flashing, toileting, or engaging in sexual activity.

voyeuristic more voyeuristic most voyeuristic adj
voyeurystyczny
Of, relating to, or derived from voyeurism or a voyeur.

vroom /vɹum/ /vɹuːm/ /vɹʊm/ interjection
brum
The sound of an engine revving up.

vroom /vɹum/ /vɹuːm/ /vɹʊm/ vrooms n
warkot
The sound of an engine revving up.

vroom /vɹum/ /vɹuːm/ /vɹʊm/ v
zasuwać
(informal) To move with great speed; to zoom.

vulcanization vulcanizations n
wulkanizacja
A process by which rubber is hardened using heat and sulphur.

vulgar /ˈvʌl.ɡə/ /ˈvʌl.ɡɚ/ more vulgar most vulgar vulgarer vulgarest adj
wulgarny obsceniczny
Debased, uncouth, distasteful, obscene.

vulgarian /vʌlˈɡɛəɹi.ən/ vulgarians n
parweniusz
A vulgar individual, especially one who emphasizes or is oblivious to his or her vulgar qualities.

vulgarism vulgarisms n
wulgaryzm
(grammar) A word or term that is considered offensive or vulgar.

vulnerability /ˌvʌln(ə)ɹəˈbɪlɪti/ /ˌvʌn(ə)ɹəˈbɪlɪti/ vulnerabilities n
wrażliwość
(uncountable) The state of being vulnerable; susceptibility to attack or injury, either physical or emotional; the state or condition of being weak or poorly defended.

vulnerable /ˈvʌln(ə)ɹəbl̩/ /ˈvʌn(ə)ɹəbl̩/ more vulnerable most vulnerable adj
wrażliwy bezbronny
More or most likely to be exposed to the chance of being attacked or harmed, either physically or emotionally.

vulnerably more vulnerably most vulnerably adv
bezbronnie
In a vulnerable manner.

vulpine /ˈvʌlpaɪn/ more vulpine most vulpine adj
lisi
Pertaining to a fox.

vulture /ˈvʌltʃə/ /ˈvʌlt͡ʃɚ/ vultures n
sęp
Any of several carrion-eating birds of the families Accipitridae and Cathartidae.
(figurative, colloquial) A person who profits from the suffering of others.

vulva /ˈvʌlvə/ vulvae vulvas vulvæ n
srom
(anatomy) The external female sexual organs, collectively.

vulvectomy vulvectomies n
wulwektomia
(surgery) The surgical removal of some or all of the vulva.

vulvodynia n
wulwodynia

vuvuzela /vuːvuːˈzeɪlə/ /vuːvuːˈzɛlə/ vuvuzelas n
wuwuzela
A trumpet-shaped horn, now usually plastic, that produces a loud buzzing sound.

vyshyvanka vyshyvankas vyshyvanky n
wyszywanka
Traditional Ukrainian and Belarusian clothing, featuring elements of Ukrainian and Belarusian ethnic embroidery.

wad /wɑd/ /wɒd/ wads n
plik
A substantial pile (normally of money).
flejtuch przybitka
A soft plug or seal, particularly as used between the powder and pellets in a shotgun cartridge, or earlier on the charge of a muzzleloader or cannon.

wad hook wad hooks n
grajcar kulociąg
two spiral blades arranged something like a corkscrew and fastened to a ramrod for extracting spherical objects from the bottom of a bore-hole, particularly a bullet from the barrel of a firearm

wade /wed/ /weɪd/ v
brnąć
(intransitive) to walk through water or something that impedes progress.

wadi /ˈwɑdi/ wadies wadis n
wadi ued wadis
A valley, gully, or stream bed in northern Africa and southwest Asia that remains dry except during the rainy season.

wading pool wading pools n
brodzik
a shallow pool usually used by children to play in

wafer /ˈweɪfə/ wafers n
wafelek andrucik andrut wafel
A light, thin, flat biscuit/cookie.
podłoże wafel
(electronics) A thin disk of silicon or other semiconductor on which an electronic circuit is produced.

waffle /ˈwɑf.l̩/ /ˈwɒf.l̩/ [ˈwɑf.ɫ̩] n
gofr wafel
(countable, ) A flat pastry pressed with a grid pattern, often eaten hot with butter and/or honey or syrup.
wodolejstwo
(colloquial) (Often lengthy) speech or writing that is evasive or vague, or pretentious.

waffle iron waffle irons n
gofrownica
A cooking appliance, with hinged, indented metal plates, used to make waffles.

waffly wafflier waffliest adj
przegadany
Characterized by the presence of waffle (vague speech).

wag /wæɡ/ v
machać merdać machnąć merdnąć zamerdać
To swing from side to side, as an animal's tail, or someone's head, to express disagreement or disbelief.
wagarować
(intransitive, mostly, obsolete) To go; to proceed; to move; to progress.

wage /weɪd͡ʒ/ wages n
płaca pensja
(often in plural) An amount of money paid to a worker for a specified quantity of work, usually calculated on an hourly basis and expressed in an amount of money per hour.

wage /weɪd͡ʒ/ v
prowadzić toczyć
(transitive) To conduct or carry out (a war or other contest).

wager /ˈweɪd͡ʒɚ/ wagers n
zakład
(legal) A contract by which two parties or more agree that a certain sum of money, or other thing, shall be paid or delivered to one of them, on the happening or not happening of an uncertain event.
(legal) An offer to make oath.

wagon /ˈwæɡ(ə)n/ /ˈwæɡən/ /ˈwæːɡən/ wagons n
wóz
Short for dinner wagon (“set of light shelves mounted on castors so that it can be pushed around a dining room and used for serving”).
(slang) Short for paddy wagon (“police van for transporting prisoners”).

wagoner wagoners n
furman woźnica
Someone who drives a wagon.

wagtail wagtails n
pliszka
Any of various small passerine birds, principally of genus Motacilla, of the Old World, notable for their long tails.

waif /weɪf/ waifs n
podrzutek
A person (especially a child) who is homeless and without means of support; also, a person excluded from society; an outcast.

wail /weɪl/ [weɪɫ] wails n
bek
A prolonged cry, usually high-pitched, especially as of grief or anguish. [from 15th c.]

wail /weɪl/ [weɪɫ] v
kwilić zawodzić
(intransitive) To cry out, as in sorrow or anguish.
(transitive) To lament; to bewail; to grieve over.

waist /weɪst/ waists n
talia pas
(anatomy) The part of the body between the pelvis and the stomach.
pas
A part of a piece of clothing that covers the waist.

waistcoat /ˈweɪs(t)kəʊt/ /ˈwɛskət/ waistcoats n
kamizelka bezrękawnik
(chiefly, British) A sleeveless, collarless garment worn over a shirt and under a suit jacket.

wait /weɪt/ [weɪ̯ʔt] v
czekać oczekiwać
(intransitive) To delay movement or action until some event or time; to remain neglected or in readiness.
kelnerować obsługiwać obsłużyć
(intransitive, stative, US) To wait tables; to serve customers in a restaurant or other eating establishment.

wait and see v
doczekać doczekiwać przekonać się
(intransitive) To await the course of events before taking action.

wait on v
kelnerować obsługiwać obsłużyć
To provide a service to (someone); to act as a servant to (someone); to serve (someone) as a waiter or waitress in a restaurant.

wait out v
przeczekać przeczekiwać
(idiomatic, transitive) To wait through (something): wait (through) till the end; patiently endure.

waiter /ˈweɪtə/ /ˈweɪtɚ/ waiters waitress n
kelner garson kelnerka
A male or female attendant who serves customers at their tables in a restaurant, café or similar.
stacz staczka
Someone who waits for somebody or something; a person who is waiting.

waiting /ˈweɪtɪŋ/ [ˈweɪ̯ɾɪŋ] waitings n
czekanie
The act of staying or remaining in expectation.

waiting list waiting lists n
lista oczekujących
An ordered list of people waiting to obtain a good or service.

waiting room waiting rooms n
poczekalnia
A room in some public place for people to wait.

waiting staff waiting staffs n
kelnerstwo
(UK) Collectively, staff employed to wait at tables in a restaurant.

waitress /ˈweɪtɹəs/ waiter waitresses n
kelnerka
A female attendant who serves customers in a restaurant, café, or similar.

waive /weɪv/ v
zrezygnować
(transitive, legal) To relinquish (a right etc.); to give up claim to; to forgo.

waiver /ˈweɪ.və(ɹ)/ /ˈweɪ.vɚ/ waivers n
zrzeczenie się
The act of waiving, or not insisting on, some right, claim, or privilege.
odstąpienie
(legal) A legal document removing some requirement, such as waiving a right (giving it up) or a waiver of liability (agreeing to hold someone blameless).

wake /weɪk/ /weːk/ [weːk] [wɛːk] wakes n
kilwater
(nautical) The path left behind a ship on the surface of the water.
czuwanie przy zwłokach
A period after a person's death before or after the body is buried, cremated, etc.; in some cultures accompanied by a party and/or collectively sorting through the deceased's personal effects.
smuga kondensacyjna
(aviation) The turbulent air left behind a flying aircraft.

wake /weɪk/ /weːk/ [weːk] [wɛːk] v
obudzić budzić budzić się obudzić się przebudzić się zbudzić
(transitive) (often followed by up) To make somebody stop sleeping; to rouse from sleep.

wake up /ˌweɪk ˈʌp/ [ˌweɪˈkʌp] v
budzić obudzić obudzić się
(intransitive) To stop sleeping; to awake.
budzić obudzić
(transitive) To awaken somebody.
obudzić się
(intransitive) To become more aware of a real-life situation; to concentrate on the matter in hand.

wake-up call wake-up calls n
pobudka
A telephone call to awaken someone at a certain time, especially one requested by the person while staying at a hotel.
(figuratively) An alert, reminder, or call to action caused by a dramatic event.

wakeboard wakeboards n
deska wakeboardowa wakeboard
The board one stands on for wakeboarding.

wakeful more wakeful most wakeful adj
bezsenny
Sleepless.

wakefulness wakefulnesses n
jawa
The state of being wakeful.

wale /ˈweɪl/ [ˈweɪɫ] wales n
pręga
A raised rib in knitted goods or fabric, especially corduroy.

walk /wɑk/ /wɔk/ /wɔːk/ walks n
spacer
A trip made by walking.

walk /wɑk/ /wɔk/ /wɔːk/ v
chodzić iść
(intransitive) To move on the feet by alternately setting each foot (or pair or group of feet, in the case of animals with four or more feet) forward, with at least one foot on the ground at all times. Compare run.
(transitive) To travel (a distance) by walking.
wyprowadzać wyprowadzić
(transitive) To take for a walk or accompany on a walk.

walk a tightrope v
balansować na krawędzi stąpać po kruchym lodzie
(figuratively) To undertake a precarious course of action.

walk in the park walks in the park n
bułka z masłem pikuś łatwizna
(idiomatic) Something easy or pleasant.

walk of fame walks of fame n
aleja gwiazd

walk of life walks of life n
ścieżka życia
(idiomatic) An occupation, role, social class, or lifestyle.

walk on eggshells /-ɔn-/ /ˌwɑk-/ /ˌwɔk ɑn ˈɛɡʃɛlz/ /ˌwɔːk ɒn ˈɛɡʃɛlz/ v
obchodzić się jak z jajkiem
(idiomatic) To be overly careful in dealing with a person or situation because they get angry or offended very easily; to try very hard not to upset someone or something.
(idiomatic) To be careful and sensitive, in handling very sensitive matters.

walk out on v
porzucić
(informal, transitive) To abandon or desert someone, especially a spouse.

walk the talk v
przechodzić od słów do czynów przejść od słów do czynów
(idiomatic, US) To perform actions consistent with one's claims.

walk-on walk-ons n
statysta
An actor of a small (or "bit") part in a theatrical production or film, often without speaking lines.

walker /ˈwɑkɚ/ /ˈwɔkɚ/ /ˈwɔːkə/ walkers n
chodziarz piechur
The agent noun of to walk: a person who walks or a thing which walks, especially a pedestrian or a participant in a walking race.

walkie-talkie walkie-talkies n
krótkofalówka
A portable, bidirectional radio transceiver, usually one of a pair.

walking /ˈwɑkɪŋ/ /ˈwɔkɪŋ/ /ˈwɔːkɪŋ/ walkings n
chód chodzenie
.

walking dictionary walking dictionaries n
chodząca encyklopedia
(informal) A person familiar with a wide range of specialized terms.

walking frame walking frames n
balkonik
A framework device used to support either an infant learning to walk or a person with walking difficulties.

walking stick walking sticks n
kij kostur laska
A tool, such as a cane, used to ease pressure on the legs, and to aid stability, when walking.

walkman walkmans walkmen n
walkman
A portable personal audio cassette player with headphones.

walkover walkovers n
walkower
(sports) A bye or victory awarded to a competitor when a scheduled opponent fails to play a game.

walkthrough /wɔːk.θɹuː/ walkthroughs n
solucja
(video games) A thorough demonstration that explains the steps involved in winning the game.

wall /wɑl/ /wɔl/ /wɔːl/ walls n
mur wał
A rampart of earth, stones etc. built up for defensive purposes.
A structure built for defense surrounding a city, castle etc.
ściana mur
Each of the substantial structures acting either as the exterior of or divisions within a structure.
osadnik megera
The butterfly Lasiommata megera.
ściana przegroda mur
(anatomy, zoology, botany) A dividing or containing structure in an organ or cavity.
słup
A fictional bidder used to increase the price at an auction.
mur ściana
(soccer) A line of defenders set up between an opposing free-kick taker and the goal.
tablica
(Internet) A personal notice board listing messages of interest to a particular user.

wall chaser wall chasers n
bruzdownica
A specialised hand-held power tool used for cutting narrow grooves in walls, for instance when laying electrical cable.

wall newspaper wall newspapers n
gazetka
A newspaper or similar document designed to be displayed on a vertical surface for reading by the public.

wall rocket wall rockets n
dwurząd
Diplotaxis (can refer both to the genus and specific species), native to the western Mediterranean and adjoining regions, used as a leaf vegetable.

wall socket wall sockets n
gniazdko
A mains electricity power point mounted in or on a wall inside a dwelling or other building.

wall tower wall towers n
baszta

wall unit wall units n
meblościanka
An integrated set of furniture pieces (bookshelves, cabinet etc.) standing against the wall of a room.

wall wart wall warts n
zasilacz
(informal, humorous) A power adapter containing a plug for the wall outlet.

wallaby /ˈwɑləbi/ /ˈwɒləbi/ wallabies n
walabia
Any of several species of marsupial; usually smaller and stockier than kangaroos

walled garden walled gardens n
ogrodzony ogród
A garden enclosed by walls for purposes of shelter or decoration.

wallet /ˈwɑlət/ /ˈwɒlɪt/ /ˈwɔlət/ wallets n
portfel portmonetka
A small case, often flat and often made of leather, for keeping money (especially paper money), credit cards, etc.

wallflower /ˈwɑl.ˌflaʊ.ɚ/ /ˈwɔl.ˌflaʊ.ɚ/ /ˈwɔːl.ˌflaʊ.ə/ wallflowers n
lak pszonak
Any of several short-lived herbs or shrubs of the Erysimum genus with bright yellow to red flowers.
ktoś podpierający ściany
(informal) Any person who is socially awkward, shy, or reserved.

wallow /ˈwɒ.ləʊ/ wallows n
babranina
An instance of wallowing.

wallow /ˈwɒ.ləʊ/ v
tarzać się
To roll oneself about in something dirty, for example in mud.
To move lazily or heavily in any medium.

wallpaper wallpapers n
tapeta
(uncountable) Decorative paper-like material used to cover the inner walls of buildings.
(computing, countable, uncountable) An image or tiled pattern used as the background of a computer desktop.

wallpaper v
tapetować
(transitive) To cover (a wall, a room, etc) with wallpaper.

walls have ears proverb
ściany mają uszy
There is a risk of being overheard, so be careful about what you say.

walnut /ˈwɑlnət/ /ˈwɑlˌnʌt/ /ˈwɔlnət/ /ˈwɔlˌnʌt/ /ˈwɔːlnʌt/ adj
orzechowy
Having a dark brown colour, the colour of walnut wood.

walnut /ˈwɑlnət/ /ˈwɑlˌnʌt/ /ˈwɔlnət/ /ˈwɔlˌnʌt/ /ˈwɔːlnʌt/ walnuts n
orzech
A hardwood tree of the genus Juglans.
Wood of the walnut tree.
Dark brown colour, the colour of walnut wood.
orzech orzech włoski
A nut of the walnut tree.

walrus /ˈwɑl.ɹəs/ /ˈwɒl.ɹəs/ /ˈwɔl.ɹəs/ /ˈwɔːl.ɹəs/ walri walrii walrus walruses walrusses n
mors
A large Arctic marine mammal related to seals and having long tusks, tough, wrinkled skin, and four flippers, Odobenus rosmarus.

waltz /wɑlts/ /wɒlts/ /wɔːlts/ waltzes n
walc
A ballroom dance in 3/4 time.
A piece of music for this dance (or in triple time).

wampum /ˈwɑmpəm/ /ˈwɒmpəm/ wampum wampums n
wampum
(uncountable) Small cylindrical beads made from polished shells (especially white ones) which have been strung together, formerly used by Native American peoples of eastern North America for various purposes including as jewellery and money, and for record-keeping; (countable, archaic) one such bead.

wander /ˈwɑndɚ/ /ˈwɒndə/ /ˈwʊndə/ /ˈwʌndə/ wanders n
tułaczka wędrówka
(countable) An act or instance of wandering.

wander /ˈwɑndɚ/ /ˈwɒndə/ /ˈwʊndə/ /ˈwʌndə/ v
błąkać tułać włóczyć

wanderer /ˈwɑndəɹɚ/ /ˈwɒndəɹə/ wanderers n
nomada wędrowiec tułacz wałęga włóczykij włóczęga
One who wanders, who travels aimlessly.

wandering /ˈwɑndəɹɪŋ/ /ˈwɒndəɹɪŋ/ wanderings n
wędrowny
Travelling without preset route; roaming.

wandering whistling duck wandering whistling ducks n
drzewica wędrowna
Dendrocygna arcuata, a species of whistling duck.

wanderlust /ˈwɑndɚˌlʌst/ /ˈwɒndəlʌst/ wanderlusts n
wanderlust
A strong impulse or longing to travel.

wane /weɪn/ v
blednąć zblednąć
(intransitive) To progressively lose its splendor, value, ardor, power, intensity etc.; to decline.

waning /ˈweɪ.nɪŋ/ adj
malejący słabnący
Becoming weaker or smaller.
blednący
Of the lunar phase: as it shrinks when viewed from the Earth.

wank /wæŋk/ wanks n
masturbacja walenie konia
(countable, slang, vulgar) An act of masturbation.
ciulstwo
(uncountable, slang, vulgar) Nonsense, rubbish.

wank /wæŋk/ v
walić konia masturbować masturbować się
(transitive, slang, vulgar) To masturbate; to give a hand job to.

wanker /ˈwæŋkə(ɹ)/ wankers n
koniobijca
(derogatory) A person who masturbates.
idiota
An idiot, a stupid person.

want /wɐnt/ /wɑnt/ /wɒnt/ /wɔnt/ /wʌnt/ v
chcieć życzyć
(intransitive) To desire (to experience desire); to wish.

wanted /ˈwɑntɪd/ /ˈwɒntɪd/ more wanted most wanted adj
chciany pożądany
wished for; desired; sought
poszukiwany
(legal) subject to immediate detainment by law enforcement authorities on sight.

wanted poster wanted posters n
list gońćzy
A printed public announcement that the authorities want to apprehend a person for a crime; normally, a reward is offered.

wanton /ˈwɑntən/ /ˈwɒntɒn/ /ˈwɒntən/ wantoner wantonest adj
złośliwy
niepohamowany nieposkromiony nieposłuszny
(archaic) Undisciplined, unruly; not able to be controlled.

wapiti wapiti wapitis n
wapiti
(US, Canada) The American elk (Cervus canadensis). It was formerly considered to be in the same species as the European red deer, which it somewhat exceeds in size.

war /wɑɹ/ /wɔɹ/ /wɔː/ wars n
wojna
(uncountable) Organized, large-scale, armed conflict between countries or between national, ethnic, or other sizeable groups, usually but not always involving active engagement of military forces.
(crime) A prolonged conflict between two groups of organized criminals, usually over organizational or territorial control.
(uncountable, card games) Any of a family of card games where all cards are dealt at the beginning of play and players attempt to capture them all, typically involving no skill and only serving to kill time.
wojna bój walka
(chiefly, _, US) Campaigns against various social problems.

war /wɑɹ/ /wɔɹ/ /wɔː/ v
prowadzić wojnę walczyć wojować
(intransitive) To engage in conflict (may be followed by "with" to specify the foe).

war chest war chests n
fundusze na wojnę fundusze wojenne
A fund to finance a war

war child war children n
dziecko wojny
A child who has grown up in wartime.

war correspondent war correspondents n
korespondent wojenny

war crime /ˈwɔɹ ˌkɹaɪm/ /ˈwɔː kɹaɪm/ war crimes n
zbrodnia wojenna
(criminal law, international law) A punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war by any person or persons, military or civilian.

war criminal war criminals n
zbrodniarz wojenny
A person guilty of one or more war crimes.

war dance war dances n
taniec wojenny
(anthropology) A ceremonial dance performed before a major battle or after a victory, usually by a tribe.

war economy war economies n
gospodarka wojenna

war footing war footings n
stan gotowości
A state of preparedness for waging war.

war hero war heroes n
bohater wojenny

war machine /ˈwoɹ məˌʃin/ /ˈwɔː məˌʃiːn/ /ˈwɔːɹ məˌʃiːn/ war machines n
zasoby wojenne
The military resources of a belligerent country considered as a whole.

war memorial war memorials n
pomnik wojenny
A monument to commemorate the people who were killed in a particular war

war of aggression wars of aggression n
agresja
(international law) A military conflict waged without the justification of self-defense, usually for territorial gain and subjugation.

war of attrition wars of attrition n
wojna na wyczerpanie
A prolonged war in which the warring sides try to defeat their opponents by wearing them out.

war of conquest wars of conquest n
podbój wojenny
A military conflict where one state, nation, or people conquers or attempts to conquer another; a conquering war.

war of independence wars of independence n
wojna o niepodległość
A civil war by which a rebellious party achieves its independence from a state or ruler.

war of nerves wars of nerves n
wojna nerwów
(idiomatic, by extension) A situation in which opposed parties refrain from direct conflict but maintain a tense, contentious relationship in which each uses annoyances or intimidating psychological tactics to attempt to dishearten and unnerve the other.

war orphan war orphans n
sierota wojenna

war reparations n
reparacje wojenne
monetary compensation intended to cover damage or injury during a war

war veteran war veterans n
weteran (wojenny)
A person who has served in the armed forces during a war.

war widow war widows n
wdowa wojenna
(by extension) A woman whose spouse has been killed in any conflict.

war zone war zones n
strefa wojenna strefa wojny
A region where war is ongoing.

warband warbands n
banda wojenna

ward /wɔɹd/ /wɔːd/ wards n
dzielnica okręg
An administrative division of a borough, city or council.
oddział
A part of a hospital, with beds, where patients reside.
okręg
(Mormonism) A subdivision of the LDS Church, smaller than and part of a stake, but larger than a branch.
podopieczny wychowanek
A person under guardianship.

wardrobe /ˈwɔɹdɹoʊb/ /ˈwɔːdɹəʊb/ wardrobes n
garderoba
(figuratively) The department of a theater, movie studio, etc which purchases, keeps, and cares for costumes; its staff; its room(s) or building(s).
The contents of a wardrobe: an individual's entire collection of clothing.
szafa
A movable cupboard or cabinet designed for storing clothes, particularly as a large piece of bedroom furniture.

ware /wɛə(ɹ)/ /wɛɚ/ wares n
towar
(uncountable, usually, in combination) Goods or a type of goods offered for sale or use.
(in the plural) See wares.
(uncountable) Pottery or metal goods.
(countable, archaeology) A style or genre of artifact.
(Ireland) Crockery.

warehouse /ˈwɛə(ɹ)haʊs/ warehouses n
magazyn skład
A place for storing large amounts of products. In logistics, a place where products go to from the manufacturer before going to the retailer.

warehouse /ˈwɛə(ɹ)haʊs/ v
magazynować
(transitive) To store in a warehouse or similar.

warehouseman warehousemen n
magazynier magazynierka
A person who manages, or works in, a warehouse.

warehousewoman warehousewomen n
magazynierka
A woman who manages, or works in, a warehouse.

warez /wɑːɹɛz/ /wɛə(ɹ)z/ warez n
warez
(Internet slang, leet, dated) Software that is illegally obtained or distributed.

warfare /ˈwɔɹfɛɹ/ /ˈwɔːfɛə/ warfares n
prowadzenie wojny wojna
The waging of war or armed conflict against an enemy.

warfarin /ˈwɔɹ.fəɹ.ɪn/ /ˈwɔː.fə.ɹɪn/ warfarins n
warfaryna
(pharmaceutical drug) A coumarin salt, warfarin sodium, found in certain clovers, that retards blood coagulation:
Manufactured as a pharmaceutical drug and used in low dosage, with regular monitoring, for the prevention of thrombosis and embolism.

warhead warheads n
głowica
The part of a missile, projectile, torpedo, rocket, or other munition which contains either the nuclear or thermonuclear system, high explosive system, chemical or biological agents, or inert materials intended to inflict damage.

wariness warinesses n
baczność
vigilance or the condition of being alert

warlock /ˈwɔɹ.lɑk/ /ˈwɔː.lɒk/ warlocks n
czarownik czarnoksiężnik
A male magic-user; a male witch.

warlord /ˈwɔɹlɔɹd/ /ˈwɔːlɔːd/ warlords n
watażka
A local ruler or bandit leader usually where the government is weak.

warm /wɔɹm/ /wɔːm/ warmer warmest adj
ciepły
Of a somewhat high temperature.
Having a color in the part of the visible electromagnetic spectrum between red and yellow-green.
żarliwy
(archaic) Ardent, zealous.

warm /wɔɹm/ /wɔːm/ v
ogrzewać
(transitive) To make engaged or earnest; to interest; to engage; to excite ardor or zeal in; to enliven.

warm front warm fronts n
front ciepły
(meteorology) The trailing edge of a retreating mass of cold air.

warm the cockles of someone's heart v
lać miód na serce
(idiomatic) To provide happiness, to bring a deeply-felt contentment.

warm up v
rozgrzać się rozgrzewać się
(intransitive) To do gentle exercise, stretching etc., in order to prepare the body for more vigorous exercise.

warm-up warm-ups n
rozgrzewka
The act of exercising or stretching in preparation for strenuous activity

warming warmings n
ocieplenie
A small rise in temperature.

warmish adj
ciepławy
somewhat warm

warmonger /ˈwɔː.mʌŋ.ɡə(ɹ)/ warmongers n
podżegacz wojenny
(pejorative) Someone who advocates war; a militarist.

warmth /wɔɹmθ/ /wɔːmθ/ warmths n
ciepło
A moderate degree of heat; the sensation of being warm.

warn /wɔɹn/ /wɔːn/ v
ostrzegać ostrzec uprzedzać uprzedzić
(transitive) To make (someone) aware of (something impending); especially:
(transitive) To make (someone) aware of impending danger, evil, etc. [from 11th c.]

warning /ˈwɔɹnɪŋ/ /ˈwɔːnɪŋ/ interjection
uwaga
Used to warn of danger in signs and notices.

warning /ˈwɔɹnɪŋ/ /ˈwɔːnɪŋ/ warnings n
ostrzeżenie
The action of the verb warn; an instance of warning someone.
Something spoken or written that is intended to warn.

warning bell warning bells n
dzwonek alarmowy
A bell rung to warn people of a danger.
(figurative) A problematic or alarming aspect.

warning shot warning shots n
strzał ostrzegawczy
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see A shot fired as a warning.
ostrzeżenie
(by extension, figuratively) An action intended to act as a warning.

warp /woːp/ /wɔɹp/ /wɔːp/ warps n
deformacja wykrzywienie
(uncountable) The state, quality, or condition of being physically bent or twisted out of shape.
spaczenie wypaczenie
(countable) A mental or moral distortion, deviation, or aberration.
osnowa
(weaving) The threads that run lengthwise in a woven fabric; crossed by the woof or weft.

warp /woːp/ /wɔɹp/ /wɔːp/ v
paczyć wykrzywiać wypaczać wypaczyć
(transitive) To twist or turn (something) out of shape; to deform.
warpić warpować
(transitive, nautical) To move a vessel by hauling on a line or cable that is fastened to an anchor or pier; (especially) to move a sailing ship through a restricted place such as a harbour.

warrant /ˈwɑɹənt/ /ˈwɒɹənt/ /ˈwɔɹənt/ warrants n
nakaz
(law, countable) A judicial writ authorizing an officer to make a search, seizure, or arrest, or to execute a judgment.

warrant /ˈwɑɹənt/ /ˈwɒɹənt/ /ˈwɔɹənt/ v
gwarantować
(transitive) To authorize; to give (someone) sanction or warrant (to do something).

warrant of payment warrants of payment n
nakaz zapłaty

warrant officer warrant officers n
chorąża chorąży
(military) An officer holding rank by virtue of a warrant rather than a commission.
aspirant aspirantka
(law enforcement) An officer assigned to execute warrants and other writs.

warranty /ˈwɒ.ɹən.ti/ /ˈwɔɹ.ən.ti/ warranties n
gwarancja
(countable) A guarantee that a certain outcome or obligation will be fulfilled; security.
(countable, law) A legal agreement, either written or oral (an expressed warranty) or implied through the actions of the buyer and seller (an implied warranty), which states that the goods or property in question will be in exactly the same state as promised, such as in a sale of an item or piece of real estate.

warrior /ˈwoɹ.i.ɚ/ /ˈwoɹjɚ/ /ˈwɑɹ.i.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈwɑɹjə(ɹ)/ /ˈwɒɹ.i.ə(ɹ)/ warriors n
wojownik woj żołnierz wojowniczka wiciądz wój
A person who is actively engaged in battle, conflict or warfare; a soldier or combatant.
bojowniczka bojownik
(figuratively) A person who is aggressively, courageously, or energetically involved in an activity, such as athletics.

warship /ˈwɔɹˌʃɪp/ /ˈwɔːˌʃɪp/ warships n
okręt wojenny
Any ship built or armed for naval combat.

wart /wɔɹt/ /wɔːt/ warts n
brodawka kurzajka
(pathology) A type of deformed growth occurring on the skin caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV).

warthog /-hɑɡ/ /ˈwɔɹtˌhɔɡ/ /ˈwɔːtˌhɒɡ/ warthogs n
guziec fakoszer
(zoology) A wild pig of the genus Phacochoerus, native to Africa.

wartime wartimes n
czas wojny
(often, attributive) A period during which a war is in progress in a particular place.

warts and all adj
ze wszystkimi przywarami
(idiomatic, informal, often, hyphenated) Of or pertaining to a description or other depiction which reveals the full range of characteristics of a person or thing, including the shortcomings and imperfections.

warts and all adv
bezdyskusyjnie
(idiomatic, informal) In a manner which does not conceal shortcomings or imperfections.

wary /ˈwɛə.ɹi/ /ˈwɛɚ.i/ warier wariest adj
ostrożny czujny przezorny
Cautious of danger; carefully watching and guarding against deception, trickery, and dangers; suspiciously prudent

wasabi /wəˈsɑːbi/ wasabis n
wasabi
A pungent green Japanese condiment made from the plant Eutrema japonicum (syn. Wasabia japonica).

wash /wæʃ/ /wɑʃ/ /wɒʃ/ /wɔɹʃ/ /wɔʃ/ washes n
lawowanie
(arts) A smooth and translucent painting created using a paintbrush holding a large amount of solvent and a small amount of paint.

wash /wæʃ/ /wɑʃ/ /wɒʃ/ /wɔɹʃ/ /wɔʃ/ v
myć prać
To clean with water.
(transitive) To cover with water or any liquid; to wet; to fall on and moisten.
myć się umyć się
(intransitive) To clean oneself with water.

wash away v
domywać domyć
To eliminate or destroy by fast-moving water, such as a flood or a high sea.

wash down v
dopierać doprać
(transitive) To wash (something) completely from top to bottom.

wash off v
odeprać odpierać
(ambitransitive) To remove (or be removed) by washing.

wash one's hands of /ˌwɒʃ wʌnz ˈhæn(d)z‿əv/ /ˌwɔʃ wʌnz ˈhæn(d)z‿əv/ v
umywać ręce
(transitive, idiomatic) To absolve oneself of responsibility or future blame for (something); to refuse to have any further involvement with (something).

washable more washable most washable adj
zmywalny
Capable of being washed without being damaged; especially by a specified method, for example machine-washable.

washbag washbags n
kosmetyczka
(UK) A small bag used to hold toiletries and personal washing items

washbasin washbasins n
umywalka
A basin used for washing, (now) particularly a permanently installed sink, fitted with a water supply and a drain, for washing the hands and face.

washboard washboards n
tara tarka
(musical instruments) Such a board used as a simple percussion instrument.
(nautical) A board fastened along a ship's gunwale to prevent splashing; a splashboard.

washer /ˈwɑʃɚ/ /ˈwɒʃə(ɹ)/ /ˈwɔʃɚ/ washers n
podkładka
A flat annulus, placed beneath a nut or at some joint, to distribute pressure, alleviate friction, provide directionally differentiated friction (e.g. making the nut turn counter-clockwise only with difficulty), or prevent leakage.
praczka
A person who washes (especially clothes) for a living; a washerman or washerwoman.

washerwoman washerwomen n
praczka
A woman who washes people's laundry.

washing /ˈwɑ.ʃɪŋ/ /ˈwɒʃ.ɪŋ/ /ˈwɔʃ.ɪŋ/ washings n
mycie pranie
(countable) The action of the verb to wash

washing machine washing machines n
pralka
A machine, usually automatic, that washes clothes, etc.

washing powder washing powders n
proszek do prania
A powder used in washing clothes, etc.; a detergent.

washing soda n
soda

washing-up liquid washing-up liquids n
płyn do mycia naczyń
(British) A form of liquid soap used to wash dishes by hand.

washtub washtubs n
balia
A tub used for washing clothes.

wasp /waps/ /wæsp/ /wɑsp/ /wɒsp/ wasps n
osa
Any of many types of stinging flying insect resembling a hornet.

wasp waist wasp waists n
talia osy
a very slim waist resembling that of a wasp, especially one attained by tightlacing (corseting)

waste /weɪst/ wastes n
śmieci
Excess of material, useless by-products, or damaged, unsaleable products; garbage; rubbish.

waste /weɪst/ v
marnować
(transitive) To wear away by degrees; to impair gradually; to deteriorate; to diminish by constant loss; to use up; to consume; to spend; to wear out.

waste breath v
szkoda słów
(idiomatic) To speak in a manner which is needless or futile; in discussion or argument to make points which are not appreciated or heeded.

waste not, want not proverb
nie marnuj, a nie będziesz w potrzebie

waste of time wastes of time n
strata czasu szkoda czasu
A pointless or unproductive task.

waste sorting waste sortings n
segregacja odpadów
Process by which waste is separated into different elements

waste time v
bałwanić się
To allow time to elapse in an unproductive manner.

wasteful /ˈweɪstfəl/ more wasteful most wasteful adj
rozrzutny
Inclined to waste or squander money or resources.

wasteland /ˈweɪs(t)ˌland/ /ˈweɪs(t)ˌlænd/ /ˈweɪs(t)ˌlənd/ /ˈwæes(t)ˌlɘnd/ /ˈwæes(t)ˌlɛnd/ wastelands n
pustkowie
A place with no remaining resources; a desert.

wasteless adj
bezodpadowy

wastepaper wastepapers n
makulatura
unwanted paper that has been discarded

waster /ˈweɪstə/ wasters n
marnotrawca marnotrawczyni
Someone or something that wastes; someone who squanders or spends extravagantly.

wastewater wastewaters n
ścieki
Any water that has been used in some human domestic or industrial activity and, because of that, now contains waste products.

watch /ˈwɑt͡ʃ/ /ˈwɒt͡ʃ/ /ˈwɔt͡ʃ/ watches n
zegarek
A portable or wearable timepiece.
straż
The act of guarding and observing someone or something.
A person or group of people who guard.
The act of seeing, or viewing, for a period of time.
wachta
A particular time period when guarding is kept.
(nautical) A group of sailors and officers aboard a ship or shore station with a common period of duty: starboard watch, port watch.
(nautical) A period of time on duty, usually four hours in length; the officers and crew who tend the working of a vessel during the same watch. (FM 55–501).

watch /ˈwɑt͡ʃ/ /ˈwɒt͡ʃ/ /ˈwɔt͡ʃ/ v
patrzeć oglądać obserwować
(ambitransitive) To look at, see, or view for a period of time.
obserwować oglądać pilnować zaobserwować
(transitive) To attend to dangers to or regarding.

watch glass watch glasses n
szkiełko zegarkowe
(chemistry) An item of glass laboratory equipment consisting of a simple, slightly concave circle of glass. It is a general utility item, used to hold small samples, to evaporate liquids, to cover a beaker, and so on.

watch out interjection
uwaga!
Used to warn someone of an imminent danger.

watch over v
czuwać
(idiomatic) To guard and protect.

watch paint dry v
nudzić się

watch pocket watch pockets n
kieszonka
A small pocket in the waistband of men's trousers or in other garments for carrying a pocket watch.

watcher /ˈwɑ.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈwɒt͡ʃ.ə/ /ˈwɔt͡ʃ.ə/ watchers n
widz obserwator obserwatorka
Someone who watches or observes.

watchmaker /ˈwɔtʃˌmeɪkə/ watchmakers n
zegarmistrz zegarmistrzyni
A person who makes and/or maintains watches.

watchman watchmen n
stróż
One set to watch; a person who keeps guard, especially one who guards a building, or the streets of a city, by night.

watchtower watchtowers n
strażnica
An observation tower in which a lookout keeps watch over prisoners, or looks out for fires, etc.

watchword /ˈwɒt͡ʃwɜː(ɹ)d/ watchwords n
hasło zawołanie
A word used as a motto, as expressive of a principle, belief, or rule of action; a rallying cry.
odzew
(military, security) A prearranged reply to the challenge of a sentry or a guard; a password or signal by which friends can be known from enemies.

water /ˈwoːtə/ /ˈwætəɹ/ /ˈwɑtəɹ/ /ˈwɒtə/ /ˈwɒtəɹ/ /ˈwɔtər/ /ˈwɔtəɹ/ /ˈwɔɹtəɹ/ /ˈwɔːtə/ /ˈwɔːtəɹ/ /ˈwʊtəɹ/ [wɔːʔəɹ] [ˈwatə] [ˈwaɾɚ] [ˈwaːʈər(ɯ)] [ˈwoʊʔə] [ˈwoːtə] [ˈwoːɾə] [ˈwoːʔɐ] [ˈwoːʔə] [ˈwɑɾɚ] [ˈwɒːθ̠ɚ] [ˈwɔoɾɐ] [ˈwɔtər] [ˈwɔəɾə] [ˈwɔəɾɚ] [ˈwɔɹɾɚ] [ˈwɔɾɚ] [ˈwɔʈə(r)] [ˈwʊɾɚ] [ˈʋaːʈər(ɯ)] [ˈʋɔʈə(r)] waters n
woda
(uncountable, in particular) The liquid form of this substance: liquid H2O.
(countable) A serving of liquid water.
(alchemy, philosophy) The aforementioned liquid, considered one of the Classical elements or basic elements of alchemy.
Urine. [from 15th c.]
woda wody
(poetic, archaic, or, dialectal) A body of water, almost always a river, sometimes a lake or reservoir, especially in the names given to such bodies.
wody
(countable, often, in the plural) Spa water.
kości
(colloquial, figuratively) A person's intuition.

water /ˈwoːtə/ /ˈwætəɹ/ /ˈwɑtəɹ/ /ˈwɒtə/ /ˈwɒtəɹ/ /ˈwɔtər/ /ˈwɔtəɹ/ /ˈwɔɹtəɹ/ /ˈwɔːtə/ /ˈwɔːtəɹ/ /ˈwʊtəɹ/ [wɔːʔəɹ] [ˈwatə] [ˈwaɾɚ] [ˈwaːʈər(ɯ)] [ˈwoʊʔə] [ˈwoːtə] [ˈwoːɾə] [ˈwoːʔɐ] [ˈwoːʔə] [ˈwɑɾɚ] [ˈwɒːθ̠ɚ] [ˈwɔoɾɐ] [ˈwɔtər] [ˈwɔəɾə] [ˈwɔəɾɚ] [ˈwɔɹɾɚ] [ˈwɔɾɚ] [ˈwɔʈə(r)] [ˈwʊɾɚ] [ˈʋaːʈər(ɯ)] [ˈʋɔʈə(r)] v
podlewać podlać
(transitive) To pour water into the soil surrounding (plants).
poić napoić łzawić
(transitive) To wet or supply with water; to moisten; to overflow with water; to irrigate.

water bear water bears n
niesporczak
(zoology) A member of the animal phylum Tardigrada.

water bottle water bottles n
bidon
A bottle used for carrying water or other drinks.

water buffalo /ˈwɑtɚˌbʌfəloʊ/ [ˈwɑɾɚˌbʌfəloʊ] water buffalo water buffaloes water buffalos n
bawół domowy
A large ungulate, widely used as a domestic animal in Asia, South America. North Africa and Europe: Bubalus bubalis.

water cannon water cannon water cannons n
armatka wodna
A device that shoots a large amount of water at high pressure through a hose-like tube.

water clock water clocks n
zegar wodny
(chiefly, _, historical) A device for measuring time using water, typically by measuring water flowing in or out of a basin of known size at a known rate.

water dog water dogs n
pies dowodny pies wodny
A retriever type of gun dog bred to flush and retrieve game from water.

water down v
rozwadniać rozwodnić
To dilute; to add water to.

water flea water fleas n
wioślarka
Any of various aquatic crustacea of the order Diplostraca, characterised by their jumping or jerky mode of swimming.

water gauge water gauges n
wodowskaz
A glass column that displays water levels.

water heater water heaters n
bojler ogrzewacz wody podgrzewacz wody terma
An appliance for heating water above its ambient temperature, generally for domestic use.

water level water levels n
poziomica wężowa szlaufwaga
An instrument to show the level by means of the surface of water in a trough, or in upright tubes connected by a pipe.

water lily water lilies n
grzybień lilia wodna nenufar
Any of various members of the Nymphaeaceae family that are tuberous plants, rooted in soil with leaves (lily pads) and flowers floating on the water surface.

water meter water meters n
wodomierz
A device used to measure the volume of water usage.

water parsnip water parsnips n
marek
Any plant of the genus Sium, as the skirret.

water pipit water pipits n
siwerniak siwarnik
A small passerine bird, Anthus spinoletta.

water plantain water plantains n
żabieniec
Any of several plants, of the genus Alisma, that inhabit marshy places

water pollution n
zanieczyszczenie wód
Contamination of water, especially surface water, by sewage effluent, fertilizer runoff, industrial chemical discharge, etc.

water polo n
piłka wodna waterpolo
A water sport consisting of two teams of swimmers who have to throw the ball into the opponent's goal.

water polo player n
piłkarz wodny piłkarka wodna waterpolista waterpolistka
(translation hub) A player of water polo

water power water powers n
energia wodna
(uncountable) Mechanical or electrical energy derived from running or falling water; originally obtained from a waterwheel immersed in a stream; modern hydroelectric power is obtained from turbines fed from reservoirs.

water rail water rails n
wodnik
a small wetland bird (Rallus aquaticus) of the family Rallidae that breeds in marshes and reedbeds across Europe and Asia.

water scorpion water scorpions n
płoszczyca
Any long-legged aquatic insect of the family Nepidae, commonly the species Nepa cinerea.

water shortage water shortages n
bezwodzie

water skiing n
narciarstwo wodne
The sport of riding on water skis, whilst being towed by a motorboat.

water slide water slides n
zjeżdżalnia
A recreational slide with water flowing down it to reduce friction, sometimes involving the participant sitting on a mat or raft and sometimes leading into a pool at the bottom.

water soldier water soldiers n
osoka
Any of the species Stratiotes aloides, sole species of the genus Stratiotes of aquatic plants.

water strider water striders n
nartnik
Any of a number of predatory insects in the family Gerridae, which rely on surface tension to walk on top of water.

water table water tables n
zwierciadło wód podziemnych
(geology) The level, underground, below which the ground is saturated with water.

water tender water tenders n
autopompa
A specialized firefighting apparatus designed for transporting water from a water source, such as a lake or hydrant, to a fire scene.

water tower water towers n
wieża ciśnień
A large tank of water, in an elevated position, acting as a local reservoir; water is pumped into the tank and fed by gravity to the consumers.

water turbine water turbines n
turbina wodna
A device that converts the energy of moving water, usually at a dam into rotary motion, usually used to make electricity.

water under the bridge n
po ptokach
(idiomatic) Something in the past that cannot be controlled or undone, but must be accepted, forgiven, or forgotten.

water vapor water vapors n
para wodna
Water in a gaseous state, especially when diffused in the atmosphere.
para
Steam.

water wheel water wheels n
koło wodne
A wheel, propelled by running or falling water, used to power machinery.

water wing water wings n
rękawek
(archaic, architecture) One of two walls built on either side of the junction of a bridge with the bank of a river, to protect the abutment of the bridge and the bank from the action of the current.

water-soluble adj
rozpuszczalny w wodzie
Dissolving easily in water.

waterbomber waterbombers n
samolot pożarniczy

watercock /ˈwɔːtə.kɒk/ watercocks n
kokosznik
Gallicrex cinerea, a species of bird in the monotypic genus Gallicrex of the family Rallidae. It is a large rail found in wetland habitats in Asia.

watercolour /ˈwɔ.tɜˌkʌ.lɜ/ watercolours n
akwarela farba wodna
(countable) A water-soluble pigment.
akwarela
(countable) A painting made by using such pigment.
(uncountable) This kind of painting as a genre.

watercolourist watercolourists n
akwarelista akwarelistka
An artist who paints watercolours.

watercourse watercourses n
bieg koryto
Any channel, either natural or artificial, through which water flows.

watercress /ˈwɔtəɹkɹɛs/ /ˈwɔːtəkɹɛs/ watercresses n
rukiew rukiew wodna
A perennial European herb, Nasturtium officinale, that grows in freshwater streams; used in salads and as a garnish.
rukiew drobnolistna
A similar plant, Nasturtium microphyllum.

watered-down more watered-down most watered-down adj
rozwodniony
Diluted; containing extra water.

waterfall /ˈwɑtɚfɑl/ /ˈwɔtɚfɔl/ /ˈwɔːtəfɔːl/ waterfalls n
wodospad
(figuratively) A waterfall-like outpouring of liquid, smoke, etc.

waterfree adj
bezwodny
Free of water.

waterfront waterfronts n
wybrzeże
The land alongside a body of water.
nabrzeże
The dockland district of a town.

waterhole waterholes n
wodopój
A depression in which water collects, especially one where wild animals come to drink.

watering waterings n
podlewanie rozwadnianie
An act of watering, i.e. pouring water on something, or diluting a liquid.

watering can watering cans n
konewka
A utensil for watering plants, consisting of a container with a handle and long spout, the spout sometimes being fitted with a perforated nozzle.

waterless adj
bezwodny
Dry, arid, lacking water.

waterlessness n
bezwodzie

waterline waterlines n
linia wodna wodnica
(nautical) A line formed by the surface of the water on the hull of a ship when she is afloat; any of a series of short lines marked on the hull to show where the waterline would be under different loadings.

watermark /ˈwɔːtəmɑːk/ watermarks n
znak wodny
A translucent design impressed on the surface of paper and visible when the paper is held to the light.

watermelon /ˈwɑtɚˌmɛlən/ /ˈwɔtɚˌmɛlən/ /ˈwɔːtəˌmɛlən/ watermelons n
arbuz kawon
A plant of the species Citrullus lanatus, bearing a melon-like fruit.

watermilfoil watermilfoils n
wywłócznik
Any of the freshwater plants of the genus Myriophyllum.

watermill watermills n
młyn wodny
A mill powered by water.

waterproof more waterproof most waterproof adj
wodoodporny
Resistant to the effects of water.
nieprzemakalny wodoodporny
Made of or covered with material that doesn't allow water in.

waterspout waterspouts n
wodotrysk
A channel through which water is discharged, especially from the gutters of a roof.

watertight /ˈwɑː.tɚ.taɪt/ /ˈwɔː.tə.taɪt/ /ˈwɔː.tɚ.taɪt/ more watertight most watertight adj
nieprzemakalny wodoszczelny
So tightly made that water cannot enter or escape.

waterway waterways n
droga wodna
A body of water, such as a river, channel or canal, that is navigable.

watery /ˈwɑtəɹi/ /ˈwɔtəɹi/ /ˈwɔːtəɹi/ /ˈwɔːtɹi/ waterier wateriest adj
wodnisty
Wet, soggy or soaked with water.
Diluted or having too much water.

watt /wɑt/ /wɒt/ watts n
wat
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of power; the power of a system in which one joule of energy is transferred per second. Symbol: W

wattle /ˈwɑtl̩/ /ˈwɒtl̩/ [ˈwɑ.ɾl̩] wattles n
plecionka
A construction of branches and twigs woven together to form a wall, barrier, fence, or roof.

wattle and daub n
szachulec
A structure of interwoven branches and twigs plastered with mud, clay or dung, used in the construction of dwellings, especially as infill in a half-timbered wall

wattled crane wattled cranes n
żuraw koralowy
Grus carunculata, a bird of the crane (Gruidae) family

wattled jacana wattled jacanas n
długoszpon krasnoczelny
Jacana jacana, a wader in the family Jacanidae.

wave /weɪv/ waves n
fala bałwan
A moving disturbance in the level of a body of liquid; an undulation.
fala
(physics) A moving disturbance in the energy level of a field.
A shape that alternatingly curves in opposite directions.
Any of a number of species of moths in the geometrid subfamily Sterrhinae, which have wavy markings on the wings.

wave /weɪv/ v
falować powiewać łopotać
(intransitive) To move back and forth repeatedly and somewhat loosely.
(transitive) To cause to move back and forth repeatedly.
machać bachnąć machnąć pomachać zamachać
(transitive, metonymic) To call attention to, or give a direction or command to, by a waving motion, as of the hand; to signify by waving; to beckon; to signal; to indicate.

wave pool wave pools n
basen z falami
A swimming pool in which there are artificially generated, reasonably large waves, similar to the ocean's.

wave-particle duality n
dualizm korpuskularno-falowy
(physics) The concept applying to all matter and radiation, but most evident in light and particles such as the electron, that properties of waves and of particles are exhibited simultaneously

wavefunction /ˈweɪv.fʌŋ(k).ʃən/ wavefunctions n
funkcja falowa
(physics) A mathematical function that describes the propagation of the quantum mechanical wave associated with a particle (or system of particles), related to the probability of finding the particle in a particular region of space.

waveguide waveguides n
falowód
A structure which guides waves, such as electromagnetic waves, light, or sound waves.

wavelength /ˈweɪvlɛŋ(k)θ/ /ˈweɪvˌlɛŋ(k)θ/ wavelengths n
długość fali
(physics) The length of a single cycle of a wave, as measured by the distance between one peak or trough of a wave and the next; it is often designated in physics as λ, and corresponds to the velocity of the wave divided by its frequency.

wavelet wavelets n
falka
(mathematics) A fast-decaying oscillation.

wax /wæks/ /wɛks/ adj
woskowy wosk
Made of wax.

wax /wæks/ /wɛks/ waxes n
wosk
Any oily, water-resistant, solid or semisolid substance; normally long-chain hydrocarbons, alcohols or esters.
Any preparation containing wax, used as a polish.

wax /wæks/ /wɛks/ v
woskować
(transitive) To apply wax to (something, such as a shoe, a floor, a car, or an apple), usually to make it shiny.

wax tablet wax tablets n
tabliczka woskowa
A tablet made of wood and covered with a layer of wax, used as a reusable and portable writing surface in Antiquity and throughout the Middle Ages.

waxwing waxwings n
jemiołuszka
Any of several songbirds of the genus Bombycilla, having crested heads, and red tips to the wings.

waxy /ˈwæksi/ more waxy most waxy waxier waxiest adj
woskowy
Resembling wax in texture or appearance.

way /weɪ/ ways n
droga
A road, a direction, a (physical or conceptual) path from one place to another.
sposób metoda rozwiązanie
A method or manner of doing something; a mannerism.

way of life ways of life n
tryb życia
A style of living that reflects the attitudes of a person or group; a lifestyle.

way of the world ways of the world n
kolej rzeczy

way to go interjection
tak trzymać
An expression of congratulations, encouragement, or approval.

way too adv
aż nadto
All too, much too; to a degree that is very excessive.

waybill waybills n
ceduła konosament
A document that lists the final destination (and other details) of each part of a cargo.

wayfarer /ˈweɪˌfɛəɹ.ə(ɹ)/ wayfarers n
wędrowiec
A traveller, especially one on foot.

wayfaring-tree wayfaring-trees n
kalina hordowina
(botany) A much-branched European shrub of large size (Viburnum lantana), with dense cymes of small white flowers, the foliage and young shoots thickly covered with soft mealy down.

wayside adj
przydrożny
Situated near the side of a road or path.

wayward /ˈweɪwə(ɹ)d/ more wayward most wayward adj
nieobliczalny
Obstinate, contrary and unpredictable.

we /wi/ /wiː/ pronoun
my
(personal) The speakers/writers, or the speaker/writer and at least one other person (not the person being addressed). (This is the exclusive we.)
(personal, royal) The sovereign alone in their capacity as monarch. (This is the royal we. The reflexive case of this sense of we is ourself.)

weak /wiːk/ weaker weakest adj
słaby
Lacking in force (usually strength) or ability.
Dilute, lacking in taste or potency.
(Germanic languages, of verbs) Regular in inflection, lacking vowel changes and having a past tense with -d- or -t-.
(grammar) Displaying a particular kind of inflection, including:

weak nuclear interaction weak nuclear interactions n
oddziaływanie słabe
(physics) The fundamental interaction responsible for the weak nuclear force.

weak spot weak spots n
słaby punkt
A location where the defenses are weak or the vulnerability is great.

weaken /ˈwikən/ v
osłabiać osłabić
(transitive) To make weaker or less strong.
osłabnąć słabnąć bezsilnieć
(intransitive) To become weaker or less strong.

weaker sex n
słaba płeć płeć piękna
(now, _, offensive) Women; the female gender.

weakest link weakest links n
najsłabsze ogniwo
The part of a system that is most likely to fail or cause problems.

weakling /ˈwiːklɪŋɡ/ /ˈwiːkˈlɪŋɡ/ weaklings n
słabeusz
A person of weak or even sickly physical constitution
mięczak słabeusz
(figuratively) A person of weak character, lacking in courage and/or moral strength.

weakly /ˈwiːkli/ more weakly most weakly adv
słabo
With little strength or force.

weakness /ˈwiːk.nəs/ weaknesses n
słabość
(uncountable) The condition of being weak.
(countable) A special fondness or desire.

weal /wil/ /wiːl/ weals n
pręga szrama
A raised, longitudinal wound, usually purple, on the surface of flesh caused by a stroke of a rod or whip; a welt.

wealth /wɛlθ/ [wɛl̪θ] wealths n
bogactwo bogatość zamożność
(uncountable, economics) Riches; a great amount of valuable assets or material possessions.
bogactwo mnóstwo
(countable) A great amount; an abundance or plenty.

wealth tax wealth taxes n
podatek majątkowy

wealthy /ˈwɛl.θi/ more wealthy most wealthy wealthier wealthiest adj
zamożny bogaty
Possessing financial wealth; rich.

wean /wiːn/ v
odstawiać odstawić odstawiać od piersi odstawić od piersi
(transitive) To cease giving breast milk to an offspring; to accustom and reconcile (a child or young animal) to a want or deprivation of mother's milk; to take from the breast or udder.
odstawiać odstawić
(transitive, by extension, normally "wean off") To cause to quit something to which one is addicted, dependent, or habituated.

weapon /ˈwiːp.ən/ /ˈwɛp.ən/ weapons n
broń oręż
An instrument of attack or defense in combat or hunting, e.g. most guns, missiles, or swords; arm.

weapon of mass destruction weapons of mass destruction n
broń masowego rażenia broń masowej zagłady
Any human-made weapon causing indiscriminate large-scale death or destruction, especially a biological weapon, chemical weapon, nuclear weapon or radiological weapon.

weaponless adj
bezorężny nieuzbrojony
Lacking a weapon.

weaponry weaponries n
uzbrojenie broń
Weapons, collectively

wear /wɛ(ə)ɹ/ /wɛə(ɹ)/ [wɛɚ] [wɛɹ] n
ubranie
(in combination) Clothing.

wear /wɛ(ə)ɹ/ /wɛə(ɹ)/ [wɛɚ] [wɛɹ] v
nosić mieć na sobie
(nautical) To bring (a sailing vessel) onto the other tack by bringing the wind around the stern (as opposed to tacking when the wind is brought around the bow); to come round on another tack by turning away from the wind. Also written "ware". Past: weared, or wore/worn.

wear off v
przechodzić przejść zanikać zaniknąć
(intransitive) to diminish in effect
schodzić zejść zetrzeć się ścierać się
(intransitive) to disappear because of being abraded, over-polished, or abused

wear one's heart on one's sleeve v
mieć serce na dłoni
(idiomatic) To be very transparent, open, or forthright about one's emotions.

wear out v
dezelować niszczyć zdezelować zniszczyć
To cause (something) to become damaged, useless, or ineffective through continued use, especially hard, heavy, or careless use.

wear out one's welcome v
nadużyć gościnności
(idiomatic) To behave in an offensive, burdensome, or tiresome manner, with the result that one's continued presence is unwanted within a residence, commercial establishment, or social group.

wear rose-colored glasses v
patrzeć przez różowe okulary
(idiomatic) To see the positive in things while being oblivious to the negative.

wear sackcloth and ashes v
posypać sobie głowę popiołem
(idiomatic) to publicly express regret for something done wrong.

wear thin v
tracić na znaczeniu
(idiomatic) To lessen or weaken over time, as from overuse.

weariness /ˈwɪəɹinɪs/ /ˈwɪɹinɪs/ wearinesses n
znużenie
Exhaustion, fatigue or tiredness.

weary /ˈwiːɹi/ /ˈwɪəɹi/ wearier weariest adj
zmęczony
Having the strength exhausted by toil or exertion; tired; fatigued.
znużony
Having one's patience, relish, or contentment exhausted; tired; sick.
męczący
Causing weariness; tiresome.

weary /ˈwiːɹi/ /ˈwɪəɹi/ v
nużyć znużyć
To make or to become weary.

weasel /ˈwizl̩/ /ˈwizəl/ /ˈwiːz(ə)l/ weasels n
łasica
The least weasel, Mustela nivalis.

weasel /ˈwizl̩/ /ˈwizəl/ /ˈwiːz(ə)l/ v
wykręcić się
(transitive, or, reflexive) To gain something for oneself by clever or devious means.

weasel out v
wić się jak piskorz wykręcać się wykręcić się
(idiomatic, intransitive, often followed by of) To shirk, avoid, or fail to fulfill (a task, responsibility, etc.)

weather /ˈwɛð.ə/ /ˈwɛð.ɚ/ weathers n
pogoda aura
The short term state of the atmosphere at a specific time and place, including the temperature, relative humidity, cloud cover, precipitation, wind, etc.
niepogoda pogoda
Unpleasant or destructive atmospheric conditions, and their effects.

weather /ˈwɛð.ə/ /ˈwɛð.ɚ/ v
wietrzeć zwietrzeć
To break down, of rocks and other materials, under the effects of exposure to rain, sunlight, temperature, and air.

weather balloon weather balloons n
balon meteorologiczny
(meteorology) a balloon that carries meteorological instruments aloft in order to measure, record and return data concerning atmospheric pressure, temperature and humidity

weather forecast weather forecasts n
prognoza pogody prognoza
(meteorology) A prediction of future weather, often for a specific locality, in a newspaper or on the radio or television.

weather station weather stations n
stacja meteorologiczna
A piece of equipment that collects and transmits meteorological information, and can make weather forecasts

weather the storm v
przetrwać burzę
(idiomatic) To reach the end of a very difficult situation without too much harm or damage.

weather vane weather vanes n
wiatrowskaz
A mechanical device rotating around one axis and attached to an elevated object such as a roof for showing the direction of the wind.

weathercock weathercocks n
kurek
A weather vane, sometimes in the form of a cockerel.

weathered more weathered most weathered adj
zwietrzały
Worn by weather, as of rocks, stone, etc.

weathering weatherings n
wietrzenie
(geology) Mechanical or chemical breaking down of rocks in situ by weather or other causes.

weatherman weathermen n
meteorolog
A person, especially a male one, who reports the weather conditions or forecasts.

weatherwoman weatherwomen n
pogodynka
A female weather broadcaster.

weave /wiːv/ v
tkać pleść
To form something by passing lengths or strands of material over and under one another.

weaver /ˈwi.vɚ/ /ˈwiː.və(ɹ)/ weavers n
tkacz tkaczka
A person who weaves; especially, one who weaves cloth for a living.
wikłacz
Any of certain spider species, such as the sheet weaver or the funnel weaver, so named because they spin interesting and characteristic webs.
Any of certain fish of the family Pinguipedidae.

weaving /ˈwiːvɪŋ/ weavings n
tkactwo
(uncountable) The process of making woven material on a loom.

web /wɛb/ webs n
sieć
(by extension) Any interconnected set of persons, places, or things, which, when diagrammed, resembles a spider's web.
błona pławna
A fold of tissue connecting the toes of certain birds, or of other animals.

web /wɛb/ pn
sieć
the World Wide Web.

web browser /wɛb.bɹaʊ.zə(ɹ)/ web browsers n
przeglądarka przeglądarka internetowa
(Internet) A computer program used to navigate the World Wide Web, chiefly by viewing web pages and following hyperlinks.

web designer web designers n
projektant stron internetowych projektantka stron internetowych
(computing) A person who designs (and sometimes creates) web sites

web page web pages n
strona internetowa strona WWW
A single hypertext document (transmitted as HTML) on the World Wide Web, often hyperlinked to others, and intended to be viewed with a web browser.

webcam /ˈwɛbˌkæm/ webcams n
kamer(k)a internetowa
(computing, photography) A video camera whose output may be viewed in real time over a computer network, originally the World Wide Web.

weber /ˈveɪbə/ /ˈveɪbɚ/ /ˈwɛbə/ /ˈwɛbɚ/ webers n
weber
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of magnetic flux; the flux linking a circuit of one turn that produces an electromotive force of one volt when reduced uniformly to zero in one second. Symbol: Wb.

webinar webinars n
webinar webinarium
An interactive seminar conducted via Internet. Usually a live presentation, lecture or workshop that happens in real time, as users participate through text-based chat, voice, video, or file-sharing.

website /ˈwɛbˌsaɪt/ websites n
strona internetowa strona WWW witryna
(Internet) A collection of interlinked web pages on the World Wide Web that are typically accessible from the same base URL and reside on the same server.

wedding /ˈwɛdɪŋ/ weddings n
ślub wesele swadźba
Marriage ceremony; ritual officially celebrating the beginning of a marriage.

wedding cake wedding cakes n
tort weselny
A decorated cake, often in several tiers and with a model bride and groom, that is cut by the couple as part of a wedding ceremony and distributed to the guests.

wedding dress wedding dresses n
suknia ślubna
The dress worn by a bride during a wedding ceremony, in Western culture traditionally white with a long train.

wedding party wedding parties n
młoda para z druhnami i drużbami
The bride and groom as well as the bridesmaids and groomsmen at a wedding.

wedding ring wedding rings n
obrączka obrączka ślubna
(jewelry) One of a pair or rings exchanged by spouses in a wedding ceremony, and afterwards worn by them, symbolizing continuous fidelity.

wedge /wɛd͡ʒ/ wedges n
klin
One of the simple machines; a piece of material, such as metal or wood, thick at one edge and tapered to a thin edge at the other for insertion in a narrow crevice, used for splitting, tightening, securing, or levering.
kawałek
A piece (of food, metal, wood etc.) having this shape.
klucz
(archaic) A flank of cavalry acting to split some portion of an opposing army, charging in an inverted V formation.
A group of geese, swans, or other birds when they are in flight in a V formation.

wee /wiː/ weer weest adj
drobny mały
(Scotland, Ireland, North England, NZ, Ottawa Valley) Small, little.

wee hours n
do białego rana
The very early morning; the early morning hours; the nighttime hours following midnight, when most people are asleep.

wee small hours n
o pogańskiej godzinie
(informal) The very early morning, just after midnight, when most people are asleep.

wee-wee wee-wees n
siusiu siusiak kuciapka

weed /wiːd/ weeds n
chwast zielsko badyl trawka
(countable) Any plant unwanted at the place where and at the time when it is growing.
zielsko
(uncountable, archaic, or, obsolete) Underbrush; low shrubs.
trawka
A drug or the like made from the leaves of a plant.
cherlak mięczak
(countable, British, informal) A puny person; one who has little physical strength.
chwast
(countable, figuratively) Something unprofitable or troublesome; anything useless.

weed /wiːd/ v
odchwaszczać plewić
To remove unwanted vegetation from a cultivated area (especially grass).

weed out v
wypleniać wyplenić
(idiomatic) To remove (unwanted elements) from a group.

week /wik/ /wiːk/ weeks n
tydzień
A period of seven days beginning with Sunday or Monday.
A subdivision of the month into longer periods of work days punctuated by shorter weekend periods of days for markets, rest, or religious observation such as a sabbath.

weekday /ˈwiːkdeɪ/ weekdays n
dzień roboczy
Any individual day of the week, except those which form the weekend or the single weekly day off; that is:

weekend /wiːˈkɛnd/ /ˈwiˌkɛnd/ /ˈwiːˌkend/ /ˈwiːˌkɛnd/ adj
weekendowy
Of, relating to or for the weekend.
Occurring at the weekend.

weekend /wiːˈkɛnd/ /ˈwiˌkɛnd/ /ˈwiːˌkend/ /ˈwiːˌkɛnd/ weekends n
weekend koniec tygodnia
The break in the working week, usually two days including the traditional holy or sabbath day. Thus in western countries, Saturday and Sunday.

weekender bag weekender bags n
torba podróżna

weekly /wiːk.li/ adj
tygodniowy
Of or relating to a week.
cotygodniowy
Happening once a week, or every week.

weekly /wiːk.li/ adv
co tydzień cotygodniowo
Once every week.
Every week.

weekly /wiːk.li/ weeklies n
tygodnik
A publication that is published once a week.

weep /wiːp/ v
płakać
To cry; to shed tears, especially when accompanied with sobbing or other difficulty speaking, as an expression of emotion such as sadness or joy.

weeping and wailing and gnashing of teeth n
płacz i zgrzytanie zębów
consternation, worry

weeping willow weeping willows n
wierzba płacząca
Any of the numerous decorative cultivars and hybrids of Salix babylonica with white willow (Salix alba) or crack willow (Salix fragilis).

weepy /ˈwiːpi/ weepier weepiest adj
bekliwy płaczliwy
Inclined to weep; tearful or lachrymose.

weever /ˈwi.vɚ/ /ˈwiː.və/ weevers n
ostrosz
Any of the usually brown fish in family Trachinidae, which catch prey by burying themselves in the sand and snatching them as they go past.

weevil /ˈwiːv(ə)l/ /ˈwiːvɪl/ weevils n
ryjkowiec
Any of many tens of thousands of species of herbivorous beetles, ranging in size from tiny to large, in the superfamily Curculionoidea, the most characteristic species having the head projecting in a distinctive snout with the mouthparts at the tip.

weft /wɛft/ wefts n
wątek
(weaving) The horizontal threads that are interlaced through the warp in a woven fabric.
nić wątku wątek
(weaving) The yarn used for the weft; the fill.

weigh /weɪ/ v
ważyć
(transitive) To determine the weight of an object.
(transitive, figuratively) To determine the intrinsic value or merit of an object, to evaluate.
(transitive, stative) To have a certain weight.
ważyć odważyć
(intransitive) To have weight; to be heavy; to press down.

weigh down v
obciążać
To act as a ballast for.
przytłaczać
(idiomatic) To be too much for someone to cope with.

weighing bottle weighing bottles n
naczynko wagowe
(chemistry) A thin-walled glass container, with a ground-glass stopper, used for weighing samples of chemical substances

weighing machine weighing machines n
waga
a mechanical device, often coin-operated, for determining the weight of an object or person

weight /weɪt/ weights n
ciężar waga
The force an object exerts on the object it is on due to gravitation.
ciężarek ciężar
An object used to make something heavier.
ciężarek odważnik
(measurement) Mass (net weight, troy weight, carat weight, etc.).

weight class weight classes n
kategoria wagowa

weight gain weight gains n
tycie utycie
An increase in weight, usually of a person or animal.

weight loss n
odchudzanie
(medicine, nutrition) The reduction of total body mass due to loss of fluid, fat, tissue, etc.

weight of the world n
dźwigać na barkach

weight room weight rooms n
fitness club pakernia pakownia siłka siłownia
A room containing exercise equipment for weight training.

weight training n
trening siłowy ćwiczenia siłowe
(weightlifting) A form of physical exercise using weights to increase the strength and size of muscles by using exercises specific for each muscle group.

weighted /ˈweɪ.tɪd/ /ˈwæɪ.tɪd/ [ˈweɪ.ɾɪd] more weighted most weighted adj
obciążony
Having weights on it.
ważony
(statistics) With the components of an average multiplied by particular factors so as to take account of their relative importance.

weighted graph weighted graphs n
graf ważony
(graph theory) A graph that associates a weight (usually a real number) with every edge in the graph.

weighted mean weighted means n
średnia ważona
An average calculated after biasing values according to agreed weightings.

weightless more weightless most weightless adj
nieważki
Without weight.
Not affected by gravity.

weightlessness weightlessnesses n
nieważkość
(countable) An experience or instance of being weightless.

weightlifter weightlifters n
sztangista ciężarowiec sztangistka
(weightlifting) A person who competes for maximum weight lifted in a series of specific lifts.

weightlifting /ˈweɪtˌlɪftɪŋ/ n
podnoszenie ciężarów
(sports) A sport in which competitors lift heavy weights in two events: the snatch and the clean and jerk.

weir /wɪə/ /wɪɹ/ weirs n
jaz
An adjustable dam placed across a river to regulate the flow of water downstream.
A fence placed across a river to catch fish.

weird /ˈwiɚd/ /ˈwiːə(ɹ)d/ /ˈwɪə(ɹ)d/ /ˈwɪɚd/ weirder weirdest adj
dziwny
Having an unusually strange character or behaviour.
dziwaczny
Deviating from the normal; bizarre.

weirdo /ˈwɪədəʊ/ /ˈwɪəɹdoʊ/ weirdoes weirdos n
dziwak cudak
(informal) A strange, odd, eccentric person.

welcome /ˈwɛlkəm/ more welcome most welcome adj
mile widziany widziany
Whose arrival is a cause of joy; received with gladness; admitted willingly to the house, entertainment, or company.

welcome /ˈwɛlkəm/ interjection
witamy witaj! witajcie!
Greeting given upon someone's arrival.

welcome /ˈwɛlkəm/ welcomes n
powitanie
The act of greeting someone’s arrival, especially by saying "Welcome!"; reception.
The utterance of such a greeting.

welcome /ˈwɛlkəm/ v
witać
To affirm or greet the arrival of someone, especially by saying "Welcome!".

welcome back phraseologicalUnit
witaj z powrotem witajcie z powrotem witam z powrotem witamy z powrotem
Said to someone coming back to somewhere they have been before.

welcome swallow welcome swallows n
jaskółka australijska

weld /wɛld/ n
rezeda żółtawa
A herb (Reseda luteola) related to mignonette, growing in Europe, and to some extent in America, used to make a yellow dye.

weld /wɛld/ v
spawać zespawać
(transitive) To join two materials (especially two metals) together by applying heat, pressure and filler, either separately or in any combination.
spajać spoić zespajać zespoić
(transitive) To bind together inseparably; to unite closely or intimately.

welder /ˈwɛldə(ɹ)/ welders n
spawacz
One who welds, or wields.

welding /ˈwɛldɪŋ/ weldings n
spawanie
joining two materials (especially two metals) together by applying heat, pressure and filler, either separately or in any combination, or

welding machine welding machines n
spawarka

welfare /ˈwɛlˌfɛə/ /ˈwɛlˌfɛɚ/ welfares n
dobrobyt
(uncountable) Health, safety, happiness and prosperity; well-being in any respect.
socjal zasiłek
(uncountable, chiefly, _, US) Various forms of financial aid provided by the government to those who are in need of it (often called welfare assistance in UK English).

welfare state welfare states n
państwo opiekuńcze
A social system in which the state takes overall responsibility for the welfare of its citizens, providing health care, education, unemployment compensation and social security.
A country in which such a system operates.

well /wel/ /wəl/ /wɛl/ best better weller wellest adj
zdrowy zdrowa
In good health.

well /wel/ /wəl/ /wɛl/ best better adv
dobrze
(manner) Accurately, competently, satisfactorily.
(degree) To a significant degree.
nieźle
(degree, British, slang) Very (as a general-purpose intensifier).

well /wel/ /wəl/ /wɛl/ interjection
cóż dobrze
Used to acknowledge a statement or situation.
coś takiego no
An exclamation of sarcastic surprise (often doubled or tripled and spoken in a lowering intonation).
no cóż hm
Used in speech to fill gaps, particularly at the beginning of a response to a question; filled pause.

well /wel/ /wəl/ /wɛl/ wells n
studnia
A hole sunk into the ground as a source of water, oil, natural gas or other fluids.

well and truly /ˌwɛl n̩ ˈtɹuli/ /ˌwɛl n̩ ˈtɹuːli/ adv
całkowicie
(idiomatic) Completely; utterly; without doubt.

well begun is half done proverb
dobry początek to połowa roboty
Much depends on the beginning of an endeavor.

well done more well done most well done adj
dobrze wysmażony
(cooking) Well-cooked.

well done interjection
dobra robota

well logging n
geofizyka otworowa
The analysis and recording of the strata penetrated by the drill of an oil well as an aid to exploration.

well off best off better off more well off most well off adj
zamożny
Of a person: in fortunate circumstances, especially having financial security; comfortably off.

well spotted interjection
dobra uwaga

well, I never interjection
masz babo placek
(idiomatic) An exclamation of great surprise.

well, well, well interjection
proszę
Indicating pondering or consideration, often with sarcasm or mock surprise.

well-balanced best-balanced better-balanced more well-balanced most well-balanced adj
zrównoważony
properly balanced; in equilibrium

well-being /wɛlˈbiː.ɪŋ/ n
dobrobyt
A state of health, happiness or prosperity.

well-brought-up best-brought-up better-brought-up more well-brought-up most well-brought-up adj
dobrze wychowany
Having been taught during childhood to exhibit good manners and pleasant behaviour.

well-groomed best-groomed better-groomed more well-groomed most well-groomed adj
zadbany
(of a person) neat and well-dressed
neat and tidy

well-mannered best-mannered better-mannered more well-mannered most well-mannered adj
dobrze wychowany
Having good manners; polite, courteous, and socially correct; conforming to standards of good behaviour.

well-meaning more well-meaning most well-meaning adj
o dobrych intencjach
With good intentions, often used to reflect positively on a negative outcome or situation.

well-nigh /ˌwɛlˈnaɪ/ adv
prawie
Almost, nearly.

well-order well-orders n
porządek uporządkowany
(set theory, order theory) A total order of some set such that every nonempty subset contains a least element.

well-order v
uporządkować uporządkowywać

well-ordered more well-ordered most well-ordered adj
uporządkowany
(mathematics, not comparable) Having a well-order.

well-read best-read better-read more well-read most well-read adj
oczytany
Well informed and knowledgeable through having read extensively.

well-rested more well-rested most well-rested adj
wypoczęty wyspany
Having had sufficient (or even more than enough) sleep or rest to function optimally during waking hours.

well-wisher /ˈwɛlˌwɪʃə/ /ˈwɛlˌwɪʃɚ/ well-wishers n
sympatyk
Someone who extends good wishes, or expresses sympathy, to someone else.

well-worn more well-worn most well-worn adj
zdarty znoszony
showing signs of wear because of extensive use
wyświechtany
(by extension) trite or hackneyed; repeated too often

welldigger welldiggers n
kopacz studni

wels catfish n
sum
Silurus glanis, a scaleless fresh-water catfish recognizable by its broad, flat head and wide mouth.

welt /wɛlt/ welts n
obrzeże ślad
(shoemaking) A strip of leather set into the seam between the outsole of a shoe and the upper, through which these parts are joined by stitching or stapling.

welter /ˈwɛltə/ /ˈwɛltɚ/ welters n
bezład
A general confusion or muddle, especially of a large number of items.

wench /wɛnt͡ʃ/ wenches n
dziewka
(archaic, now, dialectal, or, humorous, possibly, offensive) A girl or young woman, especially a buxom or lively one.
dziwka
(archaic) A promiscuous woman; a mistress.

werecat /ˈwɛəkæt/ /ˈwɛɹkæt/ /ˈwɪəkæt/ /ˈwɪɹkæt/ werecats n
kotołak
(fantasy, mythology) A shapeshifter who can change between cat and human form.

werehyena /ˈwɛəhaɪˌiːnə/ /ˈwɛɹhaɪˌiːnə/ /ˈwɪəhaɪˌiːnə/ /ˈwɪɹhaɪˌiːnə/ werehyenas n
hienołak
A mythological or folkloric shapeshifter capable of assuming the shape of a hyena.

werewolf /ˈwɛəɹwʊlf/ /ˈwɛːwʊlf/ /ˈwɜɹwʊlf/ /ˈwɪəwʊlf/ /ˈwɪəɹwʊlf/ werewolves n
wilkołak likantrop
(mythology) A person who is transformed or can transform into a wolf or a wolflike human, often said to transform during a full moon.

wergeld /ˈwɛə(ɹ)ɡɛld/ /ˈwɜː(ɹ)ɡɛld/ wergelds n
główszczyzna
(historical, especially in Germanic, _, legal) Blood money, the monetary value assigned to a person, set according to their rank, used to determine the compensation paid by the perpetrator of a crime to the victim in the case of injury or to the victim's kindred in the case of homicide, distinct from bloodwite.
(historical, especially in Germanic, _, legal) Compensation thus determined and paid; a reparative payment.

west /wɛst/ adj
na zachód
Situated or lying in or toward the west; westward.
zachodni
Of or pertaining to the west; western.
From the West; occidental.

west /wɛst/ adv
na zachód
Towards the west; westwards.

west /wɛst/ wests n
zachód
The direction opposite to that of the earth's rotation, specifically 270°.
The western region or area; the inhabitants thereof. [circa 1300]
(ecclesiastical) In a church: the direction of the gallery, opposite to the altar, and opposite to the direction faced by the priest when celebrating ad orientem.

western /ˈwɛstən/ /ˈwɛstɚn/ adj
zachodni
Of, facing, situated in, or related to the west.
(of a wind) Blowing from the west; westerly.

western /ˈwɛstən/ /ˈwɛstɚn/ westerns n
western
A film, or some other dramatic work, set in, the historic (c. 1850–1910) American West (west of the Mississippi river) focusing on conflict between whites and Indians, lawmen and outlaws, ranchers and farmers, or industry (railroads, mining) and agriculture.

western Orphean warbler western Orphean warblers n
lutniczka zachodnia
Sylvia hortensis, an Old World warbler. Now sometimes Curruca hortensis.

western barn owl western barn owls n
płomykówka zwyczajna
A barn owl of the subspecies Tyto alba alba, endemic to western Eurasia and most of Africa.

western black-eared wheatear western black-eared wheatears n
białorzytka rdzawa
Oenanthe hispanica, an Old World flycatcher native to the Mediterranean and Caucasus

western capercaillie western capercaillies n
głuszec głuszec zwyczajny
A bird of species Tetrao urogallus.

western cattle egret western cattle egrets n
czapla złotawa
Bubulcus ibis is a species of heron (family Ardeidae) found in the tropics, subtropics and warm temperate zones.

western gorilla western gorillas n
goryl zachodni

western marsh harrier western marsh harriers n
błotniak stawowy
Circus aeruginosus, a large harrier, a bird of prey from temperate and subtropical western Eurasia and adjacent Africa.

western olivaceous warbler western olivaceous warblers n
zaganiacz blady
Iduna opaca, an Old World warbler.

western sandpiper western sandpipers n
biegus alaskanski
A type of sandpiper, (Calidris mauri)

western slaty antshrike western slaty antshrikes n
chronka nizinna
A passerine bird of the antbird family, Thamnophilus atrinucha.

western subalpine warbler western subalpine warblers n
pokrzewka wąsata
Sylvia cantillans, an Old World warbler.

western yellow wagtail western yellow wagtails n
pliszka wolarka pliszka żółta
Motacilla flava, a small passerine bird in the family Motacillidae

westernization westernizations n
okcydentalizacja westernizacja
The process of assimilation, by a society, of the customs and practices of western culture.

westward /ˈwɛst.wəd/ /ˈwɛst.wɚd/ more westward most westward adv
na zachód
Toward the west.

wet /wɛt/ wetter wettest adj
mokry wilgotny
Of an object, etc.: covered or impregnated with liquid, usually (but not always) water.

wet /wɛt/ v
zmoczyć
(transitive, intransitive) To make or become wet.

wet bar wet bars n
barek
An area for the preparation of alcoholic drinks, equipped with a countertop having a sink and running water and usually located in a home, hotel room, or similar quarters.

wet blanket wet blankets n
drewniak malkontent malkontentka maruda smutas smutaska
(idiomatic) A person who takes the fun out of a situation or activity, as by pessimism, demands, dullness, etc.

wet cough wet coughs n
mokry kaszel
Coughing with expectoration of sputum.

wet dock wet docks n
basen basen portowy
(nautical) A dock that has a constant level of water in which a vessel floats despite the tide; usually achieved by separating the dock from the sea by a lock.

wet dream wet dreams n
mokry sen
An erotic dream bringing the sleeper to orgasm.

wet nurse wet nurses n
mamka
A woman hired to suckle another woman's child.

wet one's whistle v
napić się
(idiomatic) To have a drink; to quench one's thirst.

wet t-shirt contest wet t-shirt contests n
miss mokrego podkoszulka
A contest in which women wear t-shirts that are wet to make them slightly translucent so their breasts are visible, and others judge the women on appearance.

wet the bed /wɛt ðə ˈbɛd/ v
moczyć łóżko
(idiomatic) To urinate in one's bed (during sleep).

wet wipe wet wipes n
chusteczka nawilżająca mokra chusteczka
A small moistened piece of paper or cloth for cleaning or personal hygiene, often folded and individually wrapped for convenience.

wether /ˈwɛðə/ /ˈwɛðɚ/ wethers n
skop
A castrated ram.

wetland wetlands n
mokradło
(usually, in the plural) Land that is covered mostly with water, with occasional marshy and soggy areas.

wetsuit /ˈwɛtˌs(j)ut/ wetsuits n
pianka
A close fitting, insulating garment usually made from neoprene or similar material designed to keep one warm during activities on or under water.

wh-question /də-/ /dʌbl̩juː ˈeɪtʃ kwɛst͡ʃən/ /dʌbl̩juː ˈeɪtʃ ˌkwɛst͡ʃən/ /ˈdʌbl̩juː eɪtʃ ˈkwɛst͡ʃən/ wh-questions n
pytanie szczegółowe
(chiefly, linguistics) A question that is introduced by a wh-word (what, where, why, etc.) and cannot be answered by yes or no.

whale /weɪl/ /ʍeɪl/ whales n
wieloryb waleń
Any one of numerous large marine mammals comprising an informal group within infraorder Cetacea that usually excludes dolphins and porpoises.

whale shark whale sharks n
rekin wielorybi
A very large spotted shark, Rhincodon typus, of warm marine waters, similar to a whale, that feeds by filtering plankton from the water.

whalebone whalebones n
fiszbin
The horny material from the fringed plates of the upper jaw of baleen whales that are used to filter plankton; once used as stays in corsets

whaling /ˈweɪlɪŋ/ whalings n
wielorybnictwo
The practice of hunting whales.

wham /hwæm/ /wæm/ interjection
bach
The sound of a forceful blow.

wharf /wɔɹf/ /wɔːf/ /ʍ-/ wharfs wharves n
keja przystań
A man-made landing place for ships on a shore or river bank.

what /wɑt/ /wɒt/ /wɔt/ /wɜt/ /wʌt/ /ʍɒt/ /ʍʌt/ [wɑˑt̚˨˩] [wɒʔ(t)] [wʌɾ] [wʌˀ] determiner
jaka jakie która które który
co za jaki
(exclamative) Used to form exclamations indicating that something is remarkably good or bad.

what /wɑt/ /wɒt/ /wɔt/ /wɜt/ /wʌt/ /ʍɒt/ /ʍʌt/ [wɑˑt̚˨˩] [wɒʔ(t)] [wʌɾ] [wʌˀ] interjection
co!
An expression of surprise or disbelief.
[[czego|czego?!]]
What do you want? An abrupt, usually unfriendly enquiry as to what a person desires.

what /wɑt/ /wɒt/ /wɔt/ /wɜt/ /wʌt/ /ʍɒt/ /ʍʌt/ [wɑˑt̚˨˩] [wɒʔ(t)] [wʌɾ] [wʌˀ] pronoun
co to, co
(fused relative) That which; those that; the thing(s) that.
co
(fused relative) Anything that; all that; whatever.
(relative, nonstandard) That; which; who.

what a lovely day phraseologicalUnit
ale piękny dzień jaki piękny dzień
The day is lovely.

what a pity phraseologicalUnit
szkoda
Used to express regret or disappointment about an unfortunate event or piece of information.

what about adv
co powiesz na
Used to make a suggestion.
a
Used to ask someone to consider something or someone that they have apparently not considered.
To repeat a question but referring to a different subject or object.

what are you doing phraseologicalUnit
co Pan robi? co Pani robi? co robisz?
Used to ask what the interlocutor is currently doing.

what can I say phraseologicalUnit
co tu dużo mówić
(idiom) Indicating that nothing that could be said would add to or improve the situation.

what date is it today phraseologicalUnit
jaka jest data dzisiaj?
What is the date? (used to request the current date)

what day is it today phraseologicalUnit
jaki jest dzień dzisiaj?
Used to ask for the current day of the week or of the month.

what do you know phraseologicalUnit
no proszę!
(colloquial, set phrase, rhetorical question, often, sarcastic) What a surprise; guess what?

what do you mean phraseologicalUnit
co masz na myśli o co chodzi
A request for clarification of an anterior statement or question.

what do you say phraseologicalUnit
co ty na to?
(idiomatic) Used to ask someone if they are willing to do something.
co powiesz? co się mówi?
(idiomatic) Used to remind a child to say a polite expression.

what does that have to do with the price of tea in China phraseologicalUnit
co ma piernik do wiatraka gdzie Rzym, gdzie Krym
(rhetorical question, colloquial) Used to indicate that a previous comment is irrelevant or non sequitur.

what does … mean phraseologicalUnit
co oznacza …?
Used to ask the meaning of a word (replace “…” with a word).

what doesn't kill you makes you stronger proverb
co cię nie zabije, to cię wzmocni
Hardship builds moral character.

what for adv
dlaczego po co
(colloquial) For what reason; why.

what for what fors n
nauczka
(idiomatic, colloquial, usually, with "give someone") An unspecified punishment or rebuke

what goes around comes around proverb
co z siebie dajesz, to do ciebie wraca fortuna kołem się toczy jak Kuba Bogu, tak Bóg Kubie jak sobie pościelesz, tak się wyśpisz
A person's actions, whether good or bad, will often have consequences for that person.

what goes up must come down proverb
fortuna kołem się toczy raz na wozie, raz pod wozem

what is her name phraseologicalUnit
jak ona ma na imię?
Used to ask the name of a woman.
Used to ask the name of a female animal.

what is his name phraseologicalUnit
jak on ma na imię?
Used to ask the name of a man.

what is more adv
co więcej nadto ponadto w dodatku
(idiomatic) furthermore, or in addition, moreover.

what is that phraseologicalUnit
co to jest
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see what,‎ was,‎ that.: Asks the interlocutor to identify an indicated object.

what is the Wi-Fi password phraseologicalUnit
jakie jest hasło do Wi-Fi?
Asks someone for the Wi-Fi password.

what is worse adv
co gorsze

what is your name phraseologicalUnit
jak ma Pan na imię? jak ma Pani na imię? jak masz na imię? jak się Pan nazywa? jak się Pani nazywa? jak się nazywasz?
Used to ask the name of a person.

what kind of music do you like phraseologicalUnit
jaka ci się podoba muzyka? jaką muzykę lubisz?
what kind of music do you like?

what languages do you speak phraseologicalUnit
jakie znasz języki?
What are the languages which you can understand and which you can speak or write in?

what should I do phraseologicalUnit
co powinienem zrobić? co powinnam zrobić?
what should I do?

what someone is made of n
pokazać na co kogoś stać pokazywać na co kogoś stać

what the fuck interjection
co do chuja? co jest kurwa? ki chuj?
(vulgar) Used to express astonishment, shock, incredulity, or disbelief (as a shortened form of expressions such as "What the fuck is going on?", "...are you doing?", "…is this?" "…is it?" “…was that?” ”…was it?” or "...is that?").

what the fuck phraseologicalUnit
co do chuja? co jest kurwa? ki chuj?
(interrogative, vulgar, slang) An intensive form of what.

what time is it phraseologicalUnit
która godzina która jest godzina
What is the time of day? (used to request for the current hour and approximate number of minutes after the hour)

what you don't know can't hurt you phraseologicalUnit
czego oczy nie widzą, tego sercu nie żal

what's done is done proverb
co było, to było co się stało, to się nie odstanie

what's in it for me phraseologicalUnit
co z tego będę miał
(idiomatic) What are the advantages of (something) to me, personally?

what's new phraseologicalUnit
co nowego
(informal) An informal greeting asking the other person what has recently happened in their life. A typical response might be "Not much; you?". The greeting is not always literal and may just be used to say hello.

what's on your mind phraseologicalUnit
co ci chodzi po głowie
What are you thinking about?

what's that phraseologicalUnit
co to jest?
(colloquial) What is that?
co mówiłeś? co to było?
(colloquial) What was that? Synonym of say again

what's the good of phraseologicalUnit
na co komu to
(idiomatic) What is the purpose or advantage of

what's the matter phraseologicalUnit
co się stało? w czym problem?
(idiomatic) What is wrong? What's the problem?

what's up phraseologicalUnit
co słychać co tam jak leci jak się masz jak tam
(idiomatic, colloquial, chiefly, _, US, with up in the sense of "happening") What's happening? What are you doing?

what's up with phraseologicalUnit
co jest z
(colloquial, in rhetorical questions or salutations) What's wrong with; what's the problem or matter with. Said to express that the behaviour of someone, or operation of something, is out of the ordinary or problematic.
o co chodzi z
(colloquial, in rhetorical questions) Used to express disbelief or curiosity.

what's your job phraseologicalUnit
gdzie pracujesz? kim jesteś z zawodu?
Inquires about the subject's current occupation.

what's your phone number phraseologicalUnit
jaki jest twój numer telefonu?
Asks the interlocutor to give their phone number for subsequent communication.

whatchamacallit /ˈwɒtʃəməkɔːlɪt/ /ˈwɔtʃəməkɔːɫət/ /ˈwʌt-/ /ˈwʌt͡ʃməkɑlɪt/ /ˈʍʌt͡ʃəməkɔlɪt/ whatchamacallits n
wihajster dynks dzyndzel gżdynks pierdzielnik pipsztyk
(slang) A metasyntactic term used for any object whose actual name the speaker does not know or cannot remember; a doodad, gizmo, thingamajig, thingy.

whatever /t/ /wɒtˈɛvə/ /wəɾˈɛvɚ/ /wʌtˈɛvɚ/ /ʍɒtˈɛvə/ determiner
cokolwiek
Regardless of the ... that; for any ... that.

whatever /t/ /wɒtˈɛvə/ /wəɾˈɛvɚ/ /wʌtˈɛvɚ/ /ʍɒtˈɛvə/ interjection
jeden pies oj tam
(colloquial) A holophrastic expression used to dismiss something that the speaker doesn't care about, doesn't think important, or doesn't want to consider or discuss any further.

whatever it takes n
po trupach do celu za wszelką cenę
(idiomatic, sometimes, _, euphemistic, _, for improper behavior) Anything, including measures which may be extreme or wrongful, that is required to achieve an objective.

whatnot /ˈwɒt.nɒt/ /ˈwʌt.nɑt/ /ˈʍʌt.nɑt/ whatnots n
etażerka
A freestanding set of shelves on which ornaments are displayed; an etagere.

whatsoever /ˌ(h)wʌtsoʊˈɛvɚ/ /ˌwɒtsəʊˈɛvə(ɹ)/ adv
w ogóle wcale
In any way; at all; whatever.

wheat /wiːt/ /ʍiːt/ wheats n
pszenica
(countable) Any of several cereal grains, of the genus Triticum, that yields flour as used in bakery.

wheat flour /ˈwiːt ˌflaʊə(ɹ)/ /ˈʍiːt ˌflaʊə(ɹ)/ wheat flours n
mąka pszenna
Flour made from wheat.

wheatear /ˈwiːtɪəɹ/ /ˈʍiːtɪəɹ/ wheatears n
białorzytka
Any of various passerine birds of the genus Oenanthe that feed on insects,

wheaten more wheaten most wheaten adj
pszeniczny pszenny
Of, pertaining to, or made from wheat.

wheedler wheedlers n
bałamut bałamutka bałamutnik

wheel /wil/ /ʍil/ /ʍiːl/ wheels n
koło
A circular device capable of rotating on its axis, facilitating movement or transportation or performing labour in machines.
koło sterowe
A manoeuvre in marching in which the marchers turn in a curving fashion to right or left so that the order of marchers does not change.

wheel and axle wheels and axles n
kołowrót
A simple machine consisting of a wheel (or similar lever) that turns an axle around which a cord is wound; its mechanical advantage is the ratio of the diameters of the wheel and axle.

wheel clamp wheel clamps n
blokada
A device locked to the wheel of a motor car to prevent it from being driven; normally used to enforce payment of a traffic violation fine

wheel of Fortune pn
koło fortuny
A particular card in a tarot deck.

wheelbarrow /ˈwil.bæɹ.oʊ/ wheelbarrows n
taczka
A small, one-wheeled (or rarely, two-wheeled) cart with handles at one end for transporting small loads.

wheelchair /ˈ(h)wilt͡ʃɛɹ/ /ˈwiːlt͡ʃɛə(ɹ)/ wheelchairs n
wózek inwalidzki
A chair mounted on large wheels for the transportation or use of a sick or disabled person.
(attributive) Designed for use by wheelchairbound people.

wheelhouse /ˈwil-/ /ˈʍilˌhaʊs/ /ˈʍiːlˌhaʊs/ wheelhouses n
sterówka
An enclosed compartment on the deck of a vessel such as a fishing boat, originally housing its helm or steering wheel, from which it may be navigated; on a larger vessel it is the bridge.

wheelie /ˈ(h)wili/ /ˈ(h)wiːli/ wheelies n
stunt motocyklowy
(informal) An action or stunt where a bicycle, motorcycle, or other vehicle is ridden for a short period while it is standing only on its rear wheel or wheels.

wheelwright wheelwrights n
kołodziej
A person who builds and repairs wheels, especially wooden spoked ones.

wheeze /wiːz/ /ʍiːz/ wheezes n
charczenie sapanie
A piping or whistling sound caused by difficult respiration.

wheeze /wiːz/ /ʍiːz/ v
charczeć chrypieć rzęzić sapać
To breathe hard, and with an audible piping or whistling sound, as persons affected with asthma.

whelm /wɛlm/ /ʍɛlm/ v
otoczyć
(transitive, archaic) To bury, to cover; to engulf, to submerge.
ogarnąć
(intransitive, archaic) To overcome with emotion; to overwhelm.

when /wɛn/ /wɪn/ /ʍɛn/ /ʍɪn/ adv
kiedy gdy
(interrogative) At what time? At which time? Upon which occasion or circumstance? Used to introduce direct or indirect questions about time.

when /wɛn/ /wɪn/ /ʍɛn/ /ʍɪn/ conjunction
gdy kiedy
At (or as soon as) that time that; at the (or any and every) time that; if.
During the time that; at the time of the action of the following clause or participle phrase.
kiedy gdy
At what time; at which time.

when /wɛn/ /wɪn/ /ʍɛn/ /ʍɪn/ whens n
kiedy
The time at which something happens.

when /wɛn/ /wɪn/ /ʍɛn/ /ʍɪn/ pronoun
kiedy
(interrogative) What time; which time.

when Hell freezes over adv
prędzej piekło zamarznie
(idiom, slang, informal, hyperbolic) Never; not in this lifetime or a time in the unforeseeably distant future; not a chance.

when all is said and done phraseologicalUnit
koniec końców w ostatecznym rozrachunku
(idiomatic) In the end; ultimately.

when in Rome, do as the Romans do proverb
jeśli wejdziesz między wrony, musisz krakać jak i one co kraj, to obyczaj w czyim chlebie smakujemy, tego i pochlebujemy
(strictly) When in a foreign place, suit behavior or appearance to the local culture.
(loosely, idiom) Adapt to the circumstances; follow common custom.

when in doubt, do nowt proverb
nie ryzykuj niepotrzebnie
When faced with a difficult decision, it is better not to take unnecessary risks.

when is closing time phraseologicalUnit
kiedy jest czas zamknięcia?
when is closing time?

when it comes to preposition
jeśli chodzi o jeżeli chodzi o

when life gives you lemons, make lemonade proverb
gdy życie daje ci cytryny, zrób z nich lemoniadę
You should always make the best out of difficult situations.

when one door closes, another opens proverb
kiedy jedne drzwi się zamykają, drugie się otwierają

when pigs fly adv
na świętego nigdy
(idiomatic) Never.

when push comes to shove phraseologicalUnit
kiedy przychodzi co do czego
(figuratively, idiomatic) When the pressure is on; when the situation is critical or urgent; when the time has come for action, even if it is difficult.

when the cat's away proverb
jak kota nie ma w domu, myszy harcują
Ellipsis of when the cat's away, the mice will play.

when the cat's away the mice will play proverb
gdy kota nie ma, myszy harcują hulaj dusza – piekła nie ma
In the absence of a controlling entity, subordinates will take advantage of circumstances.

whence /wɛns/ /ʍɛns/ adv
skąd
(archaic, formal, or, literary) From where; from which place or source.

whenever /hwəˈnɛvɚ/ /wəˈnɛvə/ /wəˈnɛvɚ/ /wɛnˈɛvə/ /wɛnˈɛvɚ/ conjunction
kiedykolwiek
At any time that.
ilekroć
Every time that.

where /wɛə/ /wɛɚ/ /ʍɛə/ /ʍɛɚ/ adv
gdzie dokąd skąd
Interrogative adverb, used in either a direct or indirect question: in, at or to what place.
gdzie
In what situation.
(fused relative) The place in, at or to which.

where /wɛə/ /wɛɚ/ /ʍɛə/ /ʍɛɚ/ conjunction
gdzie dokąd skąd
In, at or to which place or situation.
podczas gdy
While on the contrary; although; whereas.

where /wɛə/ /wɛɚ/ /ʍɛə/ /ʍɛɚ/ wheres n
gdzie
The place in which something happens.

where are we phraseologicalUnit
gdzie jesteśmy?
What is our current location?

where are we going phraseologicalUnit
gdzie idziemy?
where are we going?

where are you phraseologicalUnit
gdzie jesteś?
where are you? (used over the phone or while texting, for example)

where are you from phraseologicalUnit
skąd jesteś? skąd pan jest? skąd pani jest? skąd pochodzisz?
In which country or region were you born or raised?

where are your parents phraseologicalUnit
gdzie są pana rodzice? gdzie są pani rodzice? gdzie są twoi rodzice?
where are your parents?

where can I find a hotel phraseologicalUnit
gdzie jest hotel?
Please direct me to a hotel.

where do you live phraseologicalUnit
gdzie Pan mieszka? gdzie Pani mieszka? gdzie mieszkacie? gdzie mieszkasz?
Used to ask where the person lives.

where does it hurt phraseologicalUnit
co boli?
Asked to find out where a wounded or ill person is feeling pain.

where does this bus go phraseologicalUnit
dokąd jedzie ten autobus?
Used to ask where the bus is going.

where does this train go phraseologicalUnit
dokąd jedzie ten pociąg?
Used to ask where the train is going.

where have you been phraseologicalUnit
gdzie byliście? gdzie byłaś? gdzie byłeś? gdzie byłyście? gdzie pan był? gdzie pani była?
where have you been?

where is the toilet phraseologicalUnit
gdzie jest toaleta? gdzie jest ubikacja?

where the shoe pinches phraseologicalUnit
sęk w tym

where there is a will there is a way /wɛə-/ /wɛɚ-/ /ʍɛə ˌðɛəɹ ɪz ə ˈwɪl ðɛəɹ ɪz ə ˈweɪ/ /ʍɛɚ ˌðɛɚ ɪz ə ˈwɪl ðɛɚ ɪz ə ˈweɪ/ proverb
chcieć to móc dla chcącego nic trudnego dla chcącego nie ma nic trudnego chcącemu nic nie trudno, niechcącemu wszytko
If someone wants or wills something strongly enough, a way can be found to make it happen.

where's the fire phraseologicalUnit
co się śpieszysz?

whereabouts /ˈ(h)wɛəɹəˌbaʊts/ /ˌ(h)wɛəɹəˈbaʊts/ whereabouts n
miejsce pobytu
(with a possessive) Location; where something is situated.

whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/ /weəɹˈæz/ /wɛː(ɹ)ˈaz/ conjunction
natomiast zaś a
In contrast; whilst on the contrary; although.

whereat /wɛəɹˈæt/ conjunction
po czym
At which, or toward which.

wherefore /ˈwɛə(ɹ)ˌfɔː(ɹ)/ /ˈʍɛə(ɹ)ˌfɔː(ɹ)/ /ˈʍɜːɹˌfɔːɹ/ conjunction
dlaczego
(archaic) Because of which.

whereupon /ˌ(h)wɛrəˈpɑn/ /ˌ(h)wɛrəˈpɔn/ /ˌwɛərəˈpɒn/ conjunction
po czym
After which, in consequence.

wherever /(h)wɛɹˈɛvɚ/ /wɛəˈɹɛvə/ adv
dokądże gdzież
(interrogative) Where ever; an emphatic form of where.

wherever /(h)wɛɹˈɛvɚ/ /wɛəˈɹɛvə/ conjunction
gdziekolwiek dokąd nie dokąd tylko dokądkolwiek gdzie nie gdzie tylko
In, at or to any place (that); anywhere.
wszędzie
In, at or to all places or situations (that); everywhere.

whet /ˈwɛt/ /ˈʍɛt/ [ˈwɛ(ʔ)t̚] [ˈʍɛ(ʔ)t̚] v
ostrzyć naostrzyć
(transitive) To hone or rub on with some substance, as a piece of stone, for the purpose of sharpening – see whetstone.

whether /ˈwɛðə(ɹ)/ /ˈʍɛðə(ɹ)/ conjunction
czy
Without a correlative, introduces a simple indirect question.
czy ... czy
Introduces a disjunctive adverbial clause qualifying the main clause (with correlative or).

whetstone /wɛtstəʊn/ /ˈwɛtˌstoʊn/ /ˈʍɛtˌstoʊn/ [ˈwɛʔˌstoʊn] [ˈʍɛʔˌstoʊn] whetstones n
osełka
A sharpening stone; a hard stone or piece of synthetically bonded hard minerals that has been formed with at least one flat surface, used to sharpen or hone an edged tool.

whew /fjuː/ /hwjuː/ [ɸĭ̥ŭ̥] [ʍĭ̥ŭ̥] interjection
uf uff
An expressive sound made indicating the release of one's inner tension; the release of breath; an expression of relief.

whey /hweɪ/ /weɪ/ wheys n
serwatka
The liquid remaining after milk has been curdled and strained in the process of making cheese.

which /wɪt͡ʃ/ /ʍɪt͡ʃ/ determiner
który
(interrogative) What, of those mentioned or implied.
(relative, formal, _, outside certain phrases) Designates the one(s) previously mentioned.

which /wɪt͡ʃ/ /ʍɪt͡ʃ/ pronoun
który
(interrogative) What one or ones (of those mentioned or implied).
(relative, mostly, archaic) Used of people (now generally who, whom, that; which remains possible with words also referred to by it like baby, child).

whicker /ˈ(h)wɪkɚ/ /ˈwɪkə/ v
rżeć
Of a horse, to neigh softly, to make a breathy whinny.

whiff /(h)wɪf/ whiffs n
podmuch
A brief, gentle breeze; a light gust of air; a waft.

while /waɪl/ /ʍaɪl/ conjunction
dopóki gdy podczas
During the same time that.
chociaż mimo
Although.

while /waɪl/ /ʍaɪl/ whiles n
chwila jakiś czas
An uncertain duration of time, a period of time.

while one is at it conjunction
przy okazji

whim /(h)wɪm/ whims n
kaprys widzimisię
A fanciful impulse, or sudden change of idea.

whimper /ˈwɪmpə(ɹ)/ /ˈʍɪmpə(ɹ)/ v
kwilić skomleć
To cry or sob softly and intermittently.

whimsical /ˈwɪmzɪkəl/ more whimsical most whimsical adj
kapryśny dziwaczny
Given to whimsy.

whimsy /ˈwɪmzi/ /ˈʍɪmzi/ whimsies n
kaprys urojenie widzimisię
A quaint and fanciful idea; a whim; playfully odd behaviour.

whinchat whinchats n
pokląskwa
A small Old World songbird, Saxicola rubetra, that feeds on insects.

whine /waɪn/ /ʍaɪn/ [ʍäːn] [ʍɑe̯n] [ʍʌɪ̯n] v
marudzić
(intransitive) To complain or protest with a whine or as if with a whine.

whip /wɪp/ /ʍɪp/ whips n
bicz bat
A lash; a pliant, flexible instrument, such as a rod (commonly of cane or rattan) or a plaited or braided rope or thong (commonly of leather) used to create a sharp "crack" sound for directing or herding animals.

whip /wɪp/ /ʍɪp/ v
biczować chłostać chłosnąć ubiczować wychłostać
(transitive) To hit with a whip.

whiplash /ˈwɪp.ˌlæʃ/ /ˈʍɪp.ˌlæʃ/ whiplashes n
raz uraz biczowaty uraz biczowy
(countable) The lash of a whip.
raz
An injury to the upper spine connected to a violent jerk of the head in either a backward or forward or side to side direction, resembling the motion of a whip.

whipped cream whipped creams n
bita śmietana
Thick cream that has had air incorporated into it by rapid beating.

whippersnapper /ˈwɪpəˌsnæpə/ /ˈʍɪpəɹˌsnæpəɹ/ whippersnappers n
chłystek
(colloquial, dated) A young and cheeky or presumptuous person; often with a connotation of ignorance via inexperience. [from 1670s]

whippet whippets n
chart angielski whippet
A dog of a certain breed, similar to a small greyhound, originating in Britain and bred for racing.

whipping /ˈwɪpɪŋ/ /ˈʍɪpɪŋ/ whippings n
baty
(countable) The punishment of being whipped.
baty cięgi
(countable) A heavy defeat; a thrashing.

whipping boy whipping boys n
chłopiec do bicia
(transferred sense) Someone punished for the errors of others.

whipstock whipstocks n
biczysko

whirl /(h)wɝl/ /wɜːl/ /ʍɜːl/ /ˈʍɪɾ(ə̯)l/ v
wirować
(intransitive) To rotate, revolve, spin or turn rapidly.

whirlpool /ˈhwɝlpul/ /ˈwɜːlpuːl/ /ˈwɝlpul/ whirlpools n
wir wodny
A swirling body of water.

whirlwind /ˈ(h)wɝlwɪnd/ /ˈwɜːlwɪnd/ whirlwinds n
trąba powietrzna
A violent windstorm of limited extent, as the tornado, characterized by an inward spiral motion of the air with an upward current in the center; a vortex of air. It usually has a rapid progressive motion.

whisk /(h)wɪsk/ whisks n
trzepaczka ubijaczka
A kitchen utensil, now usually made from stiff wire loops fixed to a handle (and formerly of twigs), used for whipping (or a mechanical device with the same function).

whisker /wɪskə(ɹ)/ /ʍɪskə(ɹ)/ whiskers n
bokobrody
That part of the beard which grows upon the sides of the face, usually of the male, or upon the chin, or upon both.
wibrys wibrysy
One of the long, projecting hairs growing at the sides of the mouth of a cat, or other animal.

whiskered tern whiskered terns n
rybitwa białowąsa
Chlidonias hybrida, a species of tern in the family Laridae.

whiskey /ˈwɪski/ /ˈʍɪski/ whiskeys whiskies n
whisky
(Ireland, US, England) A drink of whiskey.

whisper /ˈ(h)wɪspə/ /ˈ(h)wɪspɚ/ whispers n
szept
The act of speaking in a quiet voice, especially, without vibration of the vocal cords.

whisper /ˈ(h)wɪspə/ /ˈ(h)wɪspɚ/ v
szeptać szepnąć
(transitive, obsolete) To address in a whisper, or low voice.

whist /wɪst/ /ʍɪst/ whists n
wist
Any of several four-player card games, similar to bridge.
A session of playing this card game.

whistle /wɪsl̩/ /ʍɪsl̩/ whistles n
gwizdek piszczałka
A device designed to be placed in the mouth and blown, or driven by steam or some other mechanism, to make a whistling sound.
gwizd świst
An act of whistling.
gwizd gwizdek
Any high-pitched sound similar to the sound made by whistling.

whistle /wɪsl̩/ /ʍɪsl̩/ v
gwizdać świstać
(ambitransitive) To make a shrill, high-pitched sound by forcing air through the mouth. To produce a whistling sound, restrictions to the flow of air are created using the teeth, tongue and lips.

whistle Dixie v
fantazjować
(idiomatic, Southern US) To engage in idle conversational fantasies.

whistle past the graveyard v
robić dobrą minę do złej gry
(idiomatic, US) To attempt to stay cheerful in a dire situation; to proceed with a task, ignoring an upcoming hazard, hoping for a good outcome.

whistle-blower whistle-blowers n
sygnalista
(slang, chiefly, US) One who reports a problem or violation to the authorities; especially, an employee or former employee who reports a violation by an employer.

white /waɪt/ /ʍaɪt/ more white most white whiter whitest adj
biały
Bright and colourless; reflecting equal quantities of all frequencies of visible light.
Relatively light or pale in colour.
(of coffee or tea) Containing cream, milk, or creamer.
(board games, chess) The standard denomination of the playing pieces of a board game deemed to belong to the white set, no matter what the actual colour.
(politics) Pertaining to constitutional or anti-revolutionary political parties or movements.
biały białoskóry
(sometimes capitalized) Of or relating to Europeans or those of European descent, regardless if their skin has cool or warm undertones.
(chiefly, historical) Designated for use by Caucasians.
biały blady
Pale or pallid, as from fear, illness, etc.
biały siwy
Grey, as from old age; having silvery hair; hoary.

white /waɪt/ /ʍaɪt/ whites n
biel białość biały
The color/colour of snow or milk; the colour of light containing equal amounts of all visible wavelengths.
bielinek
Any butterfly of the subfamily Pierinae in the family Pieridae.
biała śmierć biały proszek
(slang, US, UK) Cocaine.
A feather, from the wing of the cock ostrich, that is of the palest possible shade.
białko
The albumen of bird eggs (egg white).
biel
A white pigment.
białko biała śmierć biały proszek
(archery) The central part of the butt, which was formerly painted white; the centre of a mark at which a missile is shot.

white as a sheet adj
biały jak papier
(simile, said of a human's complexion) Very white or pale, as if suffering from shock.

white as snow adj
śnieżnobiały
(simile) Very white.

white blood cell white blood cells n
leukocyt białe ciałko krwi krwinka biała
(hematology, cytology, immunology) A type of blood cell that is involved with an immune response, or part of the immune system.

white bread white breads n
białe pieczywo
Bread made from white flour.

white bream white bream white breams n
krąp
A European species of fish in the Cyprinidae family (Blicca bjoerkna, syn. Abramis bjoerkna, Cyprinus bjoerkna).

white cabbage white cabbages n
kapusta biała
(countable, uncountable) Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. alba, a cabbage plant with white leaves grown in northern and central Europe.

white chocolate white chocolates n
biała czekolada
(uncountable) A food made from cocoa butter, milk, and sugar, having no cocoa solids.

white clover white clovers n
koniczyna biała
A species of clover, Trifolium repens, native to much of Europe, North Africa and parts of Asia and introduced elsewhere as a pasture crop.

white coat white coats n
chałat kitel
A white, knee-length coat worn by laboratory workers etc as protection.

white coffee white coffees n
biała kawa
(uncountable) Coffee (the drink) with milk added.

white currant /waɪtˈkʌɹənt/ /ˈwaɪtkʌɹənt/ white currants n
biała porzeczka
A deciduous shrub, a less sour and colourless cultivar of Ribes rubrum (red currant), though sometimes named Ribes sativum or Ribes silvestre, and sold as a different fruit.
The white translucent edible berry of this bush.

white dwarf white dwarfs n
biały karzeł
(star) A dying star of low or medium mass, more solid and dense but dimmer than the Sun.

white elephant white elephants n
biały słoń
An albino elephant.
(idiomatic) A possession that is unwanted or is a financial burden; an unprofitable investment.

white flag white flags n
biała flaga
A flag with a white color, used as a symbol of truce or surrender.

white gold white golds n
białe złoto
(countable) Any precious metal alloy consisting of gold and a platinum group metal such as platinum or palladium or other white metal such as nickel.

white goods n
biały montaż
The large household appliances such as refrigerators, stoves, washing machines and driers as a group.

white goosefoot n
komosa biała bańdocha faćka jarmucha jarmuż jarmużka
Chenopodium album, probably native to Europe, now widely cultivated.

white lady white ladies n
biała dama
(folklore) A female ghost dressed in white, who is associated with local legends of tragedy.
(uncountable, slang) Cocaine.

white lead n
blejwas
A basic lead carbonate formerly widely used for a white pigment in paint.

white lie white lies n
bajer
(idiomatic) A deliberately untrue statement which is intended to produce a favorable result; especially, one which is judged to be better than an overhonest alternative, as for example to remain polite in a superficial social exchange, or to choose one's battles.

white magic n
biała magia
(idiomatic) Magic derived from good or benign forces, as distinct from evil or malevolent forces; or magic performed with the intention of doing good or giving aid.

white marriage white marriages n
białe małżeństwo
(idiomatic) An unconsummated marriage.

white matter n
istota biała substancja biała
(neuroanatomy) A region of the central nervous system containing myelinated nerve fibres and no dendrites

white meat white meats n
białe mięso
Meats whose color, either before or after cooking, is considered white as opposed to red, including poultry, seafood, and in some uses, even pork.

white mulberry white mulberries n
morwa biała
A short-lived mulberry tree of species Morus alba, native to northern China, used in traditional Chinese medicine, that yields berries that are paler than other mulberries, even when ripe.

white mustard n
gorczyca biała
Sinapis alba, an annual mustard of the family Brassicaceae.

white night white nights n
biała noc
A sleepless night.
(astronomy) A night with only civil twilight, where the sun does not go further than 6° below the horizon.

white paper white papers n
biała księga
(British, Ireland, European Union, government, politics) A parliamentary document announcing government policy.

white poplar white poplars n
białodrzew topola biała
any tree of species Populus alba, a poplar found in Central Europe, Morocco and central Asia.

white rhinoceros white rhinoceros white rhinoceroses n
nosorożec biały
An African species of rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum).

white rust n
bielik
(plant disease) A disease of some plants caused by the pathogen Albugo candida

white smoker white smokers n
biały komin

white space /ˈwaɪtˌspeɪs/ white spaces n
biały znak
White area between written characters and graphic regions on a produced page or computer display; blanks and the vertical blank lines in between paragraphs, or other organized rows of text lines (poetry).
(computer science, uncountable) A contiguous collection of one or more characters that each represents horizontal or vertical space in typography.

white squall white squalls n
biały szkwał

white stork /waɪt stɔɹk/ /waɪt stɔːk/ white storks n
bocian biały
A large wading bird, Ciconia ciconia, that winters in Africa and breeds in Europe; in European folklore, it delivers babies.

white supremacy n
biała supremacja
The ideology which holds that the white race is superior to all others.

white tea white teas n
biała herbata
The leaves of a tea plant which have been processed in a manner to let them wilt slightly and lose their "grassy" taste of green tea while undergoing minimal oxidation.
A drink brewed from these tea leaves.
Boiled water; hot water served as a hot beverage.

white vinegar white vinegars n
esencja octowa
Vinegar that has been distilled to remove coloured impurities.

white wine white wines n
białe wino
Light-coloured wine (usually yellow with a hint of green but not pink).

white-backed black tit white-backed black tits n
sikora jasnogrzbieta
Melaniparus leuconotus, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

white-bearded antshrike white-bearded antshrikes n
sliniacznik
A passerine bird (Biatas nigropectus) of the antbird family.

white-bellied tit white-bellied tits n
sikora białobrzucha
Melaniparus albiventris, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

white-billed diver white-billed divers n
nur białodzioby
Gavia adamsii, the largest member of the loon or diver family, having a black head, white underparts and checkered black-and-white mantle.

white-blue-white flag white-blue-white flags n
biało-niebiesko-biała flaga
(neologism) A symbol of opposition to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine that has been used by Russian anti-war protester, as well as a symbol of opposition to the current government of Russia, by several personal internet accounts.

white-browed tit white-browed tits n
sikora białobrewa
Poecile superciliosus, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

white-collar worker white-collar workers n
białe kołnierzyki
A salaried professional or clerical worker.

white-eyed gull white-eyed gulls n
mewa bialooka
Ichthyaetus leucophthalmus, a small gull that is endemic to the Red Sea.

white-fronted tit white-fronted tits n
sikora białoczelna
Sittiparus semilarvatus', a small bird of the tit family Paridae

white-haired adj
białowłosy
Having white hair, especially from old age.

white-handed adj
białoręki
Having hands that are white.

white-headed duck white-headed ducks n
sterniczka
Oxyura leucocephala, an arctic sea bird in the family Anatidae

white-hot adj
rozpalać do białości rozpalić do białości
(figurative) Extremely fervid or zealous.

white-naped crane white-naped cranes n
żuraw białoszyi
Antigone vipio, a bird of the crane (Gruidae) family

white-naped tit white-naped tits n
sikora białokarkowa
Machlolophus nuchalis, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

white-nosed coati white-nosed coatis n
ostronos białonosy
A common species of coati (Nasua narica), native to many wooded areas of the Americas.

white-rumped sandpiper white-rumped sandpipers n
biegus białorzytny
A type of sandpiper (Calidris fuscicollis).

white-shouldered antshrike white-shouldered antshrikes n
chronka kropkowana
A passerine bird of the antbird family (Thamnophilus aethiops).

white-tailed eagle white-tailed eagles n
bielik birkut berkut
A sea-eagle with a distinctive white tail; (Haliaeetus albicilla).

white-tailed lapwing white-tailed lapwings n
czajka stepowa
Vanellus leucurus, a marshland bird species of central Asia.

white-tailed ptarmigan white-tailed ptarmigans n
pardwa białosterna
The smallest bird in the grouse family, Lagopus leucura.

white-throated dipper white-throated dippers n
pluszcz pluszcz zwyczajny
Cinclus cinclus, an aquatic passerine bird found in Europe, Middle East, Central Asia and the Indian Subcontinent.

white-throated robin white-throated robins n
iranka
Irania gutturalis, a flycatcher breeding in western Asia and overwinters in East Africa

white-throated sparrow white-throated sparrows n
pasówka białogardła
Zonotrichia albicollis, a passerine bird in the passerine family Passerellidae.

white-winged tern white-winged terns n
rybitwa białoskrzydła
Chlidonias leucopterus, a species of tern in the family Laridae.

whitebeam /ˈwaɪtˌbim/ /ˈwaɪtˌbiːm/ whitebeams n
jarząb mączny
Any of various deciduous trees of the genus Sorbus subg. Aria (now Aria edulis), native to Eurasia, especially common whitebeam.

whitebeard whitebeards n
białobrody

whiteboard /ˈwaɪtbɔɹd/ /ˈwaɪtbɔːd/ whiteboards n
biała tablica
(by extension, computing) A collaborative tool allowing several users to write and draw on the same shared display.

whitefish whitefish whitefishes n
sieja
Any of several North American freshwater fish, of the genus Coregonus, used as food.

whitefly whiteflies n
mączlik
Any of various small insects of the family Aleyrodidae that have long wings, and a white body; often a garden pest

whitelist whitelists n
biała lista
(legal, computing) A list or collection of people or entities that are known, trusted, or explicitly permitted.

whitelist v
umieszczać na białej liście umieścić na białej liście

whitelisted adj
na białej liście

whitely /ˈwʌɪtli/ more whitely most whitely adv
biało

whiten /ˈ(h)waɪ̯.tən/ [ˈ(h)waɪ̯tn̩] [ˈ(h)waɪ̯ʔn̩] v
bielić bieleć bielić się zbieleć
(ergative) (To cause) to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch.

whiteness /ˈwaɪtnəs/ /ˈʍaɪtnəs/ whitenesses n
biel białość
The state or quality of being white (all senses).

whites /(h)waɪts/ n
bielizna
Linen, especially laundry, that is white.

whitethroat whitethroats n
cierniówka
Sylvia communis, a species of typical warbler.

whitewash /ˈwaɪtwɒʃ/ whitewashes n
pogrom
mleko wapienne
A lime and water mixture for painting walls and fences bright white.

whitewash /ˈwaɪtwɒʃ/ v
bielić wybielać wybielić
To paint over with a lime and water mixture so as to brighten up a wall or fence.
zatuszować zatuszowywać
(figurative) To cover over errors or bad actions.

whitewater rafting n
rafting spływ rzeczny
Traveling by raft through a section of a river which is churning with rapids, as for sport or adventurism.

whither /ˈwɪðə/ /ˈwɪðɚ/ /ˈʍɪðə/ /ˈʍɪðɚ/ adv
dokąd
(archaic, formal, poetic, or, literary) To what place.

whiting /ˈwaɪtɪŋ/ /ˈʍaɪtɪŋ/ whitings n
bielidło
A fine white chalk used in paints, putty, whitewash etc.

whitish /ˈwaɪtɪʃ/ /ˈʍaɪtɪʃ/ more whitish most whitish adj
białawy
Somewhat white, pale or almost white.

whitishly more whitishly most whitishly adv
białawo

whitlow /ˈwɪt.loʊ/ /ˈʍɪt.loʊ/ whitlows n
zastrzał
An infection near or under the cuticle of a fingernail or toenail.

whittle /ˈwɪtəl/ /ˈʍɪtəl/ whittles n
scyzoryk
A knife; especially, a clasp knife, pocket knife, or sheath knife.

whittle /ˈwɪtəl/ /ˈʍɪtəl/ v
wyrzeźbić wystrugać
(transitive, or, intransitive) To cut or shape wood with a knife.

who /hu/ /huː/ pronoun
kto który
(fused relative, archaic, or, marginal) Whoever, he who, they who.

who goes there phraseologicalUnit
kto idzie?

who knows phraseologicalUnit
kto wie?
A rhetorical question asked to show that the person asking it neither knows the answer nor knows who might.
A rhetorical question asked to express the idea that anything is possible or that anything could happen.

who pays the piper calls the tune proverb
kto płaci, ten wymaga
The person paying for something is the one who gets to say how it should be done

who watches the watchers phraseologicalUnit
kto pilnować będzie samych strażników
Indicating concern as to whether those responsible for monitoring the behavior of others are themselves held accountable.

who would have thunk it /ˈhuː wʊd həv ˈθʌŋk ɪt/ phraseologicalUnit
kto by pomyślał
(colloquial, sometimes, sarcastic) A rhetorical question used to express incredulity: who would have guessed it?; who would have thought that would happen?

whoa /woʊ/ /wəʊ/ /ʍoʊ/ /ʍəʊ/ interjection
prr pru
Stop (especially when commanding a horse or imitative thereof); calm down; slow down.

whodunit /ˌhuːˈdʌn.ɪt/ whodunits n
kryminał powieść detektywistyczna powieść kryminalna
A novel or drama concerning a crime (usually a murder) in which a detective follows clues to determine the perpetrator.

whoever /huˈɛvə/ /huˈɛvɚ/ pronoun
ktokolwiek
(fused relative) Any person or persons that.

whole /hoʊl/ /həʊl/ [hoʊɫ] [hɒʊɫ] [həʊɫ] more whole most whole wholer wholest adj
cały
Entire, undivided.
pełny
(of food) From which none of its constituents has been removed.

whole /hoʊl/ /həʊl/ [hoʊɫ] [hɒʊɫ] [həʊɫ] more whole most whole adv
całkowicie
(colloquial) In entirety; entirely; wholly.

whole /hoʊl/ /həʊl/ [hoʊɫ] [hɒʊɫ] [həʊɫ] wholes n
całość
Something complete, without any parts missing.

whole tone whole tones n
cały ton
(music) The musical interval equal (exactly or approximately) to a frequency ratio of 8/7, 9/8, or 10/9, depending on the tuning system used. In meantone tunings (including twelve-tone equal temperament), there is only one whole tone, though some tuning systems have a "major tone" of 9/8 and a "minor tone" of 10/9.

wholeheartedly /ˌhəʊlˈhɑː(ɹ)t.ɪd.li/ more wholeheartedly most wholeheartedly adv
serio z całego serca
In a wholehearted manner; enthusiastically; without reserve.

wholemeal bread wholemeal breads n
chleb razowy
(cuisine) Bread made from wholemeal flour, having had none of the bran or germ removed.

wholeness wholenesses n
całość
The quality of being whole.

wholesale /ˈhoʊlseɪl/ more wholesale most wholesale adj
hurtowy
Of or relating to sale in large quantities, for resale.

wholesale /ˈhoʊlseɪl/ more wholesale most wholesale adv
hurtowo
In bulk or large quantity.

wholesale /ˈhoʊlseɪl/ wholesales n
hurt
(business) The sale of products, often in large quantities, to retailers or other merchants.

wholesaler wholesalers n
hurtownik
A person or company that buys merchandise from manufacturers, importers, or distributors and resells the merchandise to retail businesses and to business and institutional end users.

wholesome /ˈhol.səm/ more wholesome most wholesome wholesomer wholesomest adj
zdrowy
Promoting good physical health and well-being.

whom /huːm/ pronoun
kogo
As the object of a verb.
komu
(interrogative) What person or people; which person or people.

whomp /wɑmp/ /wɒmp/ /ʍɑmp/ /ʍɒmp/ v
bachnąć

whooping cough /ˈhuːpɪŋ ˌkɒf/ /ˈhuːpɪŋ ˌkɔf/ /ˈhuːpɪŋ ˌkɔːf/ /ˈwʊpɪŋ ˌkɔf/ whooping coughs n
koklusz krztusiec
(disease) A contagious disease of the respiratory system that usually affects children caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis, the advanced stage of which is characterised by spasms of coughing followed by a whooping sound during the intake of breath.

whopper /ˈwɑ.pɚ/ /ˈwɒp.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈʍɑ.pɚ/ /ˈʍɒp.ə(ɹ)/ whoppers n
kobyła kolos
(informal) Something remarkably large.

whore /ho(ː)ɹ/ /hoə/ /hoʊ/ /hɔɹ/ /hɔː/ /hʊə/ /hʊɹ/ whores n
kurwa prostytutka dziwka szmata

whore /ho(ː)ɹ/ /hoə/ /hoʊ/ /hɔɹ/ /hɔː/ /hʊə/ /hʊɹ/ v
prostytuować się
(intransitive, vulgar) To prostitute oneself.

whore around v
być gościnnym w kroku kurwić się puszczać się
(intransitive, offensive) To regularly copulate with people that one is not in a relationship with.

whoremonger /ˈhɔɹˌmɑŋ.ɡɚ/ /ˈhɔɹˌmʌŋ.ɡɚ/ /ˈhɔːˌmʌŋ.ɡə/ whoremongers n
dziwkarz kurwiarz
(British, vulgar) A frequent customer of whores.
alfons stręczyciel sutener
(British, vulgar) A procurer of whores; a pimp.

whose /huːz/ determiner
czyj
(interrogative) Of whom, belonging to whom; which person's or people's.
który
(relative) Of whom, belonging to whom.
(relative) Of which, belonging to which.

why /waɪ/ /ʍaɪ/ adv
dlaczego czemu po co na co
(interrogative) For what cause, reason, or purpose.

why /waɪ/ /ʍaɪ/ interjection
ależ przecież toć
(dated, or, literary) An exclamation used to express pleasant or unpleasant mild surprise, indignation, or impatience.

why /waɪ/ /ʍaɪ/ why's whys n
dlaczego powód
Reason.

why not adv
czemu nie dlaczego nie może by
(rhetorical) Used to introduce a proposal.

wick /wɪk/ wicks n
knot świecidło
A bundle, twist, braid, or woven strip of cord, fabric, fibre, or other porous material in a candle, oil lamp, kerosene heater, or the like, that draws up liquid fuel, such as melted tallow, wax, or the oil, delivering it to the base of the flame for conversion to gases and burning; any other length of material burned for illumination in small successive portions.

wicked /ˈwɪkɪd/ more wicked most wicked wickeder wickedest adj
nikczemny podły wredny
Evil or mischievous by nature.

wicker /ˈwɪkə(ɹ)/ /ˈwɪkɚ/ wickers n
wiklina
A flexible branch or twig of a plant such as willow, used in weaving baskets and furniture.

wickerworker wickerworkers n
wikliniarz
Someone who makes things with wicker.

wicket gate wicket gates n
bramka furtka
A small gate or door, especially one built into a large one.

wide /waɪd/ /wɑed/ wider widest adj
szeroki
Having a large physical extent from side to side.

wide /waɪd/ /wɑed/ wider widest adv
szeroko
extensively

wide awake more wide awake most wide awake adj
czujny uważny
(idiomatic) awake and very alert; vigilant, watchful

wide berth wide berths n
omijać szerokim łukiem
(idiomatic, by extension) A considerable or comfortable distance from a person or object, especially for safety or deliberate avoidance.

wide open more wide open most wide open wider open widest open adj
na oścież
completely open

wide-angle wider-angle widest-angle adj
szerokokątny
(cinematography, photography) Of or pertaining to a short focal length lens that has an angle of view greater than about 70°; of or pertaining to an image produced with such a lens.

wide-angle converter wide-angle converters n
konwerter szerokokątny

wide-angle lens wide-angle lenses n
obiektyw szerokokątny
(photography) A short focal length lens having a wide field of view.

wide-eyed more wide-eyed most wide-eyed adj
zrobić wielkie oczy (literally make big eyes̠)
(by extension) Astonished or surprised.

widely /ˈwaɪdli/ more widely most widely widelier wideliest adv
daleko
In a wide manner; across a wide area.
szeroko
(figurative) Commonly; generally; to a great degree.

widen /ˈwaɪdən/ v
poszerzać się poszerzyć się
(intransitive) To become wide or wider.
poszerzać poszerzyć
(transitive) To make wide or wider.
(transitive) To let out clothes to a larger size.
(transitive) To broaden or extend in scope or range.

widespread /ˈwaɪdˌspɹɛd/ /ˌwaɪdˈspɹɛd/ more widespread most widespread widerspread widestspread adj
rozpowszechniony
Affecting a large area (e.g. the entire land or body); broad in extent; widely diffused.

widget /ˈwɪd͡ʒ.ɪt/ widgets n
widżet
(GUI) Any one of the components of a computer application's graphical user interface, such as a Cancel button or text input box that a user interacts with.

widow /ˈwɪd.oʊ/ /ˈwɪd.əʊ/ widows n
wdowa
A woman whose spouse has died (and who has not remarried); a woman in relation to her late spouse; feminine of widower.
wdowa bękart
(typography) A single line of type that ends a paragraph, carried over to the next page or column.

widow's mite /ˈwɪdoʊz ˈmaɪt/ /ˈwɪdəʊz ˈmaɪt/ widow's mites n
wdowi grosz
(idiomatic) A very small gift or donation which, however, represents a great sacrifice on the part of the giver.

widower /ˈwɪdoʊɚ/ widowers n
wdowiec
A man whose spouse has died (and who has not remarried); a man in relation to his late spouse; masculine of widow. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

widowerhood widowerhoods n
wdowieństwo
The state or period of being a widower.

widowhood widowhoods n
wdowieństwo
The state or period of being a widow or widower.

width /ˈwɪdθ/ /ˈwɪtθ/ /ˈwɪθ/ [wɪd̪θ] widths n
szerokość
The measurement of the extent of something from side to side.

wieldy /ˈwildi/ /ˈwiːldi/ [ˈwɪəldɪ] wieldier wieldiest adj
wydolny
Capable of being easily wielded or managed; handy.

wiener /ˈwiːnə(ɹ)/ wieners n
frankfurterka
siusiak
(North America, colloquial) The penis.

wife /waɪf/ wives n
żona małżonka
A married woman, especially in relation to her spouse.

wife-beating question wife-beating questions n
podchwytliwe pytanie
(rhetoric) A question that presupposes some controversial premise, such that it cannot be directly answered without incriminating oneself or, at least, unintentionally conceding a point; a loaded question.

wifeless adj
bezżenny
Having no wife; unmarried or celibate.

wifelessness n
bezżenność bezżeństwo

wig /wɪɡ/ wigs n
peruka
A head of real or synthetic hair worn on the head to disguise baldness, for cultural or religious reasons, for fashion, or by actors to help them better resemble the character they are portraying.

wigeon wigeons n
świstun
Any of three freshwater dabbling ducks.

wiggle room n
furtka
(informal) The opportunity to make alternative decisions or to pursue other courses of action, especially any involving only minor changes to one's present situation or course.

wight /waɪt/ wights n
istota
(archaic) A living creature, especially a human being.

wigmaker wigmakers n
perukarz
A person who makes wigs.

wigwam /ˈwɪɡwɑːm/ wigwams n
wigwam
A dwelling having an arched framework overlaid with bark, hides, or mats, used by Native Americans in the northeastern United States.

wiki /ˈwiːki/ /ˈwɪki/ wikis n
wiki
A collaborative website which can be directly edited merely by using a web browser, often by anyone with access to it.

wild /waɪld/ [waɪ̯ɫd] [ˈwaɪ̯.ɫ̩d] wilder wildest adj
dziki
Untamed; not domesticated; specifically, in an unbroken line of undomesticated animals (as opposed to feral, referring to undomesticated animals whose ancestors were domesticated).
Raucous, unruly, or licentious.

wild ass /waɪld ˈæs/ wild asses n
dziki osioł
Any of several wild equine mammals closely related to donkey, endemic to Asia and northeast Africa.

wild boar /ˈwaɪld ˈboɹ/ /ˈwaɪld ˈbɔː/ wild boar wild boars n
dzik
A wild swine native to Eurasia and North Africa, Sus scrofa, now widely distributed elsewhere and ancestor of most domestic pig breeds.

wild cherry wild cherries n
czereśnia
An uncultivated cherry tree of species Prunus avium, native to Europe and western Asia.

wild goat wild goats n
koza bezoarowa
Capra aegagrus, a species or goat believed ancestral to and including the domestic goat.

wild goose wild geese n
gęś gęgawa
any of many species of wildlife goose, such as the greylag goose or the Canada goose, whose wedge fly in a wedge or V form, or cuneiform, as opposed to the domesticated goose that would not fly.

wild hair n
widzimisię
(informal) A fervent, usually sudden, desire to do something surprising or unexpected.

wild rice wild rices n
dziki ryż
Any one of the four species of grasses which form the genus Zizania, which have edible grains and edible stems.

wild service tree wild service trees n
brzęk jarząb brekinia
A tree with edible fruit, Sorbus torminalis, native to central and southern Europe and neighboring parts of Asia and Africa.

wild strawberry wild strawberries n
poziomka poziomka pospolita
A berry of such a plant.

wild thyme wild thymes n
macierzanka piaskowa
A species of flowering plant in the mint family, Thymus serpyllum.

wild turkey wild turkeys n
indyk
A large gamebird, Meleagris gallopavo, native to North America.

wild-goose chase wild-goose chases n
szukanie wiatru w polu
(figuratively) A futile search, a fruitless errand; a useless and often lengthy task whose execution is inordinately complex relative to the value of the outcome.

wildcard wildcards n
wieloznacznik
(computing) A character that takes the place of any other character or string that is not known or specified.

wildcat /ˈwaɪ.əldˌkæt/ /ˈwaɪldˌkæt/ [ˈwaɪ.əlʔˌkæt] wildcats n
żbik
(UK) Felis silvestris, a common small Old World wild cat somewhat larger than a house cat.

wildcat strike /ˈwaɪ.əldˌkæt ˈstɹaɪk/ /ˈwaɪldˌkæt ˈstɹaɪk/ wildcat strikes n
strajk dziki
(organized labour) A labour strike that has not been authorized by the leaders of a trade union.

wilderness /-nɪs/ /ˈwɪldənəs/ /ˈwɪldɚnəs/ wildernesses n
dzicz manowce pustkowie pustynia
(uncountable) Uncultivated and unsettled land in its natural state inhabited by wild animals and with vegetation growing wild; (countable) a tract of such land; a waste or wild.

wildly /ˈwaɪldli/ more wildly most wildly adv
wściekle
In a wild, uncontrolled manner.

will /wɪl/ [wɪɫ] wills n
wola
One's independent faculty of choice; the ability to be able to exercise one's choice or intention. [from 9th c.]
The act of choosing to do something; a person’s conscious intent or volition. [from 10th c.]
One's intention or decision; someone's orders or commands. [from 9th c.]

will do interjection
da się zrobić
(by ellipsis) Affirmative yes in response to an especially personal or direct request for the performance of some action.

will o' the wisp /ˌwɪləðəˈwɪsp/ will o' the wisps n
błędny ognik ognik
(British, _, folklore) A flickering light or lantern, especially over bogs, swamps or marshes, held by a supernatural creature who uses it to lure travelers at night to their demise.

will you marry me phraseologicalUnit
wyjdziesz za mnie?
Used to propose marriage to someone

will-less adj
bezwolny
Of a person, lacking volition, not exercising one's will.

will-lessly adv
bezwolnie

willful ignorance n
celowe niedostrzeganie
(idiomatic, legal) A decision in bad faith to avoid becoming informed about something so as to avoid having to make undesirable decisions that such information might prompt.

willing /ˈwɪlɪŋ/ more willing most willing adj
chętny gotowy ochoczy
Ready to do something that is not (can't be expected as) a matter of course.

willingness /ˈwɪlɪŋnəs/ willingnesses n
chęć ochota
The state of being willing

willlessness n
bezwola bezwolność
The state or condition of being willless.

willow /ˈwɪl.əʊ/ /ˈwɪloʊ/ willows n
wierzba
The wood of these trees.

willow warbler willow warblers n
piecuszek
Phylloscopus trochilus, common species of Eurasiafrican leaf warbler

willowherb willowherbs n
wierzbownica
Any of several flowering plants in the genus Epilobium of the family Onagraceae.

willpower /ˈwɪlˌpaʊɚ/ willpowers n
siła woli
The unwavering strength of will to carry out one's wishes.

willy /ˈwɪli/ willies n
siusiak
(hypocoristic, slang, UK, Ireland, Australia, NZ, South Africa) the penis.

willy-nilly /ˌ(ˈ)wɪliˈnɪli/ more willy-nilly most willy-nilly adv
chcąc nie chcąc
Whether desired or not; without regard for the consequences or the wishes of those affected; whether willingly or unwillingly.
na chybił trafił
(idiomatic) Seemingly at random; haphazardly.

wilt /wɪlt/ v
więdnąć
(intransitive) To fatigue; to lose strength; to flag.
(transitive) To cause to fatigue; to exhaust.

wimp /wɪmp/ wimps n
mięczak ciapa pierdoła sierota wymoczek
(pejorative, slang) Someone who lacks confidence or courage, is weak, ineffectual, irresolute and wishy-washy.

win /wɪn/ wins n
zwycięstwo wygrana
An individual victory.

win /wɪn/ v
wygrywać zwyciężać
(transitive, intransitive) To reach some destination or object, despite difficulty or toil (now usually intransitive, with preposition or locative adverb).
wygrywać wygrać zwyciężyć zwyciężać
(transitive) To triumph or achieve victory in (a game, a war, etc.).
wygrywać wygrać
(transitive) To gain (a prize) by succeeding in competition or contest.
zdobywać zdobyć
(transitive) To obtain (someone) by wooing; to make an ally or friend of (frequently with over).

win-win /ˌwɪnˈwɪn/ adj
wilk syty i owca cała
(of a situation or outcome) That benefits both or all parties, or that has two distinct benefits. [from 1960s]

win-win /ˌwɪnˈwɪn/ n
wilk syty i owca cała
A situation that benefits both or all parties, or that has two distinct benefits.

winch /wɪnt͡ʃ/ winches n
kołowrót
(nautical) A hoisting machine used for loading or discharging cargo, or for hauling in lines. (FM 55-501).
A wince (machine used in dyeing or steeping cloth).

wind /ˈwaɪnd/ /ˈwɪnd/ winds n
wiatr
(countable, uncountable) Real or perceived movement of atmospheric air usually caused by convection or differences in air pressure.
(philosophy, alchemy) One of the four elements of the ancient Greeks and Romans; air.
wiatry wiatr
(uncountable, colloquial) Flatus.

wind /waɪnd/ v
nawijać
(transitive) To turn coils of (a cord or something similar) around something.
nakręcić
(transitive) To tighten the spring of a clockwork mechanism such as that of a clock.

wind /ˈwaɪnd/ /ˈwɪnd/ v
wiatr
(transitive) To blow air through a wind instrument or horn to make a sound.
wiatry wiatr
(transitive) To expose to the wind; to winnow; to ventilate.

wind chimes /ˈwɪnd.t͡ʃaɪms/ n
dzwoneczki wietrzne
(musical instruments) A chime constructed from tubes, rods, bells, etc. made of wood, glass, metal or ceramic, suspended outside a building in such a way that they tinkle pleasantly when moved by the wind.

wind farm /ˈwɪndfɑːm/ /ˈwɪndˌfɑɹm/ wind farms n
elektrownia wiatrowa farma wiatrowa wiatrówka
A collection of wind turbines, especially a large-scale array, used to generate electricity.

wind generator wind generators n
turbina wiatrowa
a wind-driven generator, working on the same principle as a wind turbine but usually on a smaller scale, used for example for charging batteries on sailing boats.

wind instrument wind instruments n
instrument dęty
(musical instrument) Any musical instrument that produces sound when air flows through it.

wind power n
aeroenergetyka energia wiatru
(physics) Power of the wind.

wind tunnel wind tunnels n
tunel aerodynamiczny
A test facility through which air is forced in a controlled manner so as to study the effects of flow around airfoils, aircraft, motor cars etc.

wind turbine wind turbines n
turbina wiatrowa
A device for converting wind power into electricity.

wind up /waɪnd ˈʌp/ v
robić w konia
(British, transitive) To play a prank (on); to take the mickey (out of) or mock.

windbreaker /ˈwɪndbɹeɪkə(ɹ)/ windbreakers n
wiatrówka
A thin outer coat designed to resist wind chill and light rain.

windfall /ˈwɪnd.fo(ː)l/ /ˈwɪnd.fɑl/ /ˈwɪnd.fɔl/ /ˈwɪnd.fɔːl/ windfalls n
wiatrołom
Something that has been blown down by the wind.
spad
A fruit that has fallen from a tree naturally, as from wind.
gratka
(figuratively) A sudden large benefit; especially, a sudden or unexpected large amount of money, as from lottery or sweepstakes winnings or an unexpected inheritance or gift.

winding number winding numbers n
indeks
(geometry, topology, analysis) The total number of times a given curve travels counterclockwise around a specified point.

winding sheet winding sheets n
całun
A burial shroud.

windlass /ˈwɪnd.ləs/ windlasses n
kołowrót
An apparatus resembling a winch or windlass, for bending the bow of an arblast, or crossbow.

windless /ˈwɪndləs/ more windless most windless adj
windless
Devoid of wind; calm.

windlessly adv
bezwietrznie

windmill /ˈwɪnd.mɪl/ windmills n
wiatrak
The structure containing such machinery.

window /ˈwɪndoʊ/ /ˈwɪndə/ /ˈwɪndəʊ/ windows n
okno
An opening, usually covered by one or more panes of clear glass, to allow light and air from outside to enter a building or vehicle.
okienko okno
A period of time when something is available or possible; a limited opportunity.
okno okienko
(graphical user interface) A rectangular area on a computer terminal or screen containing some kind of user interface, displaying the output of and allowing input for one of a number of simultaneously running computer processes.

window frame window frames n
framuga
The wooden, aluminium or PVC etc. framework around a window

window of opportunity /-ˈt͡ʃuː-/ /ˌwɪndoʊ‿əv ˌɑpɚˈt(j)unəti/ /ˌwɪndəʊ‿əv ˌɒpəˈtjuːnɪtɪ/ [-ɾi] windows of opportunity n
okno możliwości

window seat window seats n
miejsce przy oknie
A typically soft seat placed in a recess, for a window, in a wall, and filling the recess.
A seat beside a window in public transport, as in a bus, train or passenger aircraft.

windowless adj
bezokienny
Having no windows, especially no external windows.

windowpane /ˈwɪndoʊˌpeɪn/ /ˈwɪndəʊˌpeɪn/ windowpanes n
szyba szyba okienna
A piece of glass filling a window or a section of a window

windowsill /ˈwɪndoʊˌsɪl/ /ˈwɪndəʊˌsɪl/ /ˈwɪndəˌsɪl/ windowsills n
parapet podokiennik
(architectural element) The horizontal member protruding from the base of a window frame.

windpipe /ˈwɪndpaɪp/ windpipes n
tchawica
The trachea.

windshield windshields n
przednia szyba
(North America) A transparent screen made of glass, located at the front and back of a vehicle in front of its occupants to protect them from the wind force generated by the vehicle's speed and inclement weather.

windshield wiper windshield wipers n
wycieraczka
(automobiles, US, Canada) a device used to clear rain and dirt from a windshield; normally a pivoting arm with a rubber blade

windsock windsocks n
rękaw
(aviation) A large, conical, open-ended tube designed to indicate wind direction and relative wind speed, used especially at smaller airfields.

windsurfer windsurfers n
windsurfer windsurferka
A person who windsurfs.

windsurfing n
windsurfing
A marine sport in which one stands on a floating board (typically 2 - 3 meters in length) to which a sail is attached. The board is steered by tilting the sail or banking the board. Some windsurfers use large waves to perform jumps and other stunts.

windthrow windthrows n
wywrót
(forestry) The uprooting and/or overthrowing of a tree caused by the wind

windward /ˈwɪndwə(ɹ)d/ /ˈwɪnə(ɹ)d/ more windward most windward adj
nawietrzny
Towards the wind, or the direction from which the wind is blowing.

windward /ˈwɪndwə(ɹ)d/ /ˈwɪnə(ɹ)d/ n
nawietrzna
The direction from which the wind blows.
The side receiving the wind's force.

windy /ˈwɪndi/ windier windiest adj
wietrzny
Accompanied by wind.

wine /waɪn/ wines n
wino
An alcoholic beverage made by fermenting grape juice, with an ABV ranging from 5.5–16%.
An alcoholic beverage made by fermenting other substances, producing a similar ABV.
(countable) A serving of wine.

wine /waɪn/ v
pić wino
(intransitive) To drink wine.

wine bar wine bars n
winiarnia
A drinking establishment where only wine is served.

wine cellar wine cellars n
piwnica win
An underground place for storing wine at a constant temperature.

wine glass wine glasses n
kieliszek do wina
A glass vessel, normally with a stem, from which wine is drunk.

wine list wine lists n
lista win
A list of wines, usually with a short description, available at e.g. a restaurant or bar.

wine vinegar wine vinegars n
ocet winny
Vinegar made from wine.

winecup winecups n
czara kielich
A vessel from which wine is drunk.

winegrower winegrowers n
winiarz winogrodnik
A person or company that owns a vineyard and produces wine.

winemaking winemakings n
winiarstwo
The process of making wine.

winery /ˈwaɪnəɹi/ wineries n
winiarnia
A place where wine is made, or a company that makes wine.

wineskin wineskins n
bukłak
A bag, traditionally made from the skin of a goat (a goatskin), used for holding and dispensing wine.

winetasting winetastings n
degustacja wina
(uncountable) The sensory examination and evaluation of wine.

wing /wi(ː)ŋ/ /wɪŋ/ wings n
skrzydło
An appendage of an animal's (bird, bat, insect) body that enables it to fly
(aviation) Part of an aircraft that produces the lift for rising into the air.
A part of something that is lesser in size than the main body, such as an extension from the main building.
Anything that agitates the air as a wing does, or is put in winglike motion by the action of the air, such as a fan or vane for winnowing grain, the vane or sail of a windmill, the sail of a ship, etc.
A faction of a political movement. Usually implies a position apart from the mainstream center position.
(sports) A position in several field games on either side of the field.
A portable shelter consisting of a fabric roof on a frame, like a tent without sides.
błotnik skrzydło
(nautical) That part of the hold or orlop of a vessel which is nearest the sides. In a fleet, one of the extremities when the ships are drawn up in line, or when forming the two sides of a triangle.

wing chair wing chairs n
berżera
A chair with a high back from which project small side pieces, originally to protect from draught

wing mirror wing mirrors n
lusterko boczne
Either of a pair of mirrors on the sides of a car or other vehicle that enable the driver to see to the side and behind.

winged /wɪŋ(ɪ)d/ adj
skrzydlaty uskrzydlony
Having wings.

winger /ˈwɪŋ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈwɪŋ.ɚ/ wingers n
skrzydłowy
(sports) An offensive player who plays on either side of the center.

wingless adj
bezskrzydły
Having no, or only rudimentary, wings.

winglet /ˈwɪŋlɪt/ winglets n
szkrzydełko
(aeronautics) A winglike structure at a wingtip set at an angle to the plane of the wing designed to reduce drag by its effect on wingtip vortices.

wingman /ˈwɪŋmæn/ wingmen n
skrzydłowy
A pilot partner of another, a pilot who flies in the same wing or squadron.
(by extension) A friend who accompanies one to offer (or receive) support, especially in flirting with love interests.

wingnut /ˈwɪŋˌnʌt/ wingnuts n
skrzydłorzech
A deciduous tree of the genus Pterocarya native to Asia.

wingspan wingspans n
rozpiętość skrzydeł
(usually in singular) The distance from the left wingtip to the right wingtip (of a bird, airplane etc.).

wingtip wingtips n
kapka
A part of a shoe, often with brogueing that extends backwards on both sides from the toe

wink /ˈwɪŋk/ winks n
oczko
A subtle allusion.

wink /ˈwɪŋk/ v
mrugnąć puścić oko
(transitive, intransitive) To blink with only one eye as a message, signal, or suggestion, usually with an implication of conspiracy. (When transitive, the object may be the eye being winked, or the message being conveyed.)

winner /ˈwɪnə/ /ˈwɪnɚ/ winners n
zwycięzca zwyciężczyni
One who has won or often wins.

winner-take-all adj
taki, w jakim zwycięzca bierze wszystko
Of or pertaining to a contest, election, or other competition in which only the winner is rewarded and none of the losers get anything.

winning mentality winning mentalities n
mentalność zwycięzcy

winnow /ˈwɪnoʊ/ /ˈwɪnəʊ/ winnows n
wiejadło
That which winnows or which is used in winnowing; a contrivance for fanning or winnowing grain.

winnow /ˈwɪnoʊ/ /ˈwɪnəʊ/ v
wiać
(transitive, agriculture) To subject (granular material, especially food grain) to a current of air separating heavier and lighter components, as grain from chaff.
odsiać odsiewać
(transitive, figuratively) To separate, sift, analyse, or test by separating items having different values.

winnowing winnowings n
wianie
The act of separating chaff from grain.

winnowing basket winnowing baskets n
wiejadło
A basket used to winnow rice or grain from the chaff.

winnowing fan winnowing fans n
wiejadło
A specially shaped winnowing basket, in which grain is shaken in the process of winnowing, with the shape of the basket allowing the chaff to spill out more readily.

winsome /ˈwɪn.s(ə)m/ /ˈwɪn.səm/ winsomer winsomest adj
ujmujący
Charming, engaging, winning; inspiring approval and trust, especially if in an innocent manner.

winter /ˈwɪntə/ /ˈwɪntɚ/ [ˈwɪntʰɚ] [ˈwɪnɚ] [ˈwɪɾ̃ɚ] winters n
zima
Traditionally the fourth of the four seasons, typically regarded as being from December to February in continental regions of the Northern Hemisphere or the months of June, July, and August in the Southern Hemisphere. It is the time when the sun is lowest in the sky, resulting in short days, and the time of year with the lowest atmospheric temperatures for the region.

winter quarters n
kwatera zimowa leże zimowe zimowisko

winter solstice winter solstices n
przesilenie zimowe
(astronomy) The moment when the Earth is in that point of its orbit where the northern or southern hemisphere is most inclined away from the sun.

winter sport winter sports n
sport zimowy białe szaleństwo
Any sport, originally only played during the winter, that is played on ice or snow.

winter swimmer winter swimmers n
mors
one who participates in winter swimming

wintergreen wintergreens n
gruszyczka
Plants in any of several other genera in the herbaceous family Ericaceae, including:
Some species of the herbaceous genus Trientalis, in family Primulaceae (chickweed wintergreen)

wintrily more wintrily most wintrily adv
zimowo
In a wintry manner.

wintry /ˈwɪnt(ə)ɹi/ /ˈwɪnt(ə)ɹɪ/ [ˈwɪɾ̃(ə)ɹi] wintrier wintriest adj
zimowy
Suggestive or characteristic of winter; cold, stormy.

wipe /waɪp/ v
wycierać wytrzeć
(transitive) To move an object over, maintaining contact, with the intention of removing some substance from the surface. (Compare rub.)
wymazać
(transitive, plumbing) To make (a joint, as between pieces of lead pipe), by surrounding the junction with a mass of solder, applied in a plastic condition by means of a rag with which the solder is shaped by rubbing.

wipe off v
zetrzeć
(transitive, literally) To remove (something such as dirt) by wiping.
(transitive, literally) To clean (something), removing any dirt from it, by wiping it.

wipe out v
wymazać zniszczyć tępić
(transitive) To destroy (especially, a large number of people or things); to obliterate.
wymazać
(transitive) To do away with; to cause to disappear.
(transitive, informal) To bankrupt (a person or company); to empty (a bank account); to erase (a bank balance).

wipe the slate clean /ˌwaɪp ðə sleɪt ˈkliːn/ v
zapominać o dawnych urazach zapomnieć o dawnych urazach
(idiomatic) To make a fresh start, for example by forgetting about previous differences and disagreements.

wire /waɪ(ə)ɹ/ /waɪə(ɹ)/ /wʌɪ(ə)ɹ/ /ˈwaɪɚ/ [wäɪɚ] [wəɪɚ] wires n
drut
A piece of such material; a thread or slender rod of metal, a cable.
kabel przewód
A metal conductor that carries electricity.
kabel pluskwa
(slang) A hidden listening device on the person of an undercover operative for the purposes of obtaining incriminating spoken evidence.

wire copy wire copies n
depesza
(journalism) A news item published by a wire service.

wire transfer wire transfers n
przelew
(banking) A transfer of funds between banks by electronic means.

wireless /ˈwaɪ(jə)ɹ.ləs/ /ˈwaɪə.ləs/ adj
bezprzewodowy bezsznurowy
Not having any wires.
radiowy
Of or relating to communication without a wired connection, such as by radio waves.

wireless /ˈwaɪ(jə)ɹ.ləs/ /ˈwaɪə.ləs/ wirelesses n
radio
(uncountable) The medium of radio communication.
(dated, mainly, Britain) A radio set.

wirelessly adv
bezprzewodowo

wirelessness n
bezprzewodowość

wiretap wiretaps n
pluskwa
A connection installed on a telephone line or other communications system in order to allow a third party to conduct covert surveillance of conversations.

wiretap v
zakładać pluskwę
To install or to use such a connection.

wiring harness wiring harnesses n
pęk wiązka
(automotive, electronics) A bundle of insulated wires, often held together with straps or other connectors, that transmit signals or electrical current within a vehicle, electronic device, etc., or between them.

wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ wisdoms n
mądrość
(uncountable) An element of personal character that enables one to distinguish the wise from the unwise.
(countable) A piece of wise advice.
The discretionary use of knowledge for the greatest good.
The ability to apply relevant knowledge in an insightful way, especially to different situations from that in which the knowledge was gained.
The ability to make a decision based on the combination of knowledge, experience, and intuitive understanding.
(theology) The ability to know and apply spiritual truths.

wisdom tooth wisdom teeth n
ząb mądrości ósemka
(dentistry) One of the four (one upper and one lower on each side) rearmost molars in humans, which typically develop between ages 18-24.

wise /waɪz/ more wise most wise wiser wisest adj
mądry
Showing good judgement or the benefit of experience.

wise man /ˈwʌɪzman/ wise men n
mędrzec
A man who is wise.

wiseacreish more wiseacreish most wiseacreish adj
przemądrzały
Resembling or characteristic of a wiseacre.

wiseacreishness n
przemądrzałość

wisent /ˈviːzənt/ /ˈwɪzənt/ wisents n
żubr
The European bison, Bison bonasus.

wish /wɪʃ/ wishes n
życzenie
The thing desired or longed for.

wish /wɪʃ/ v
życzyć pożyczyć
(intransitive, followed by for) To hope (for a particular outcome), even if that outcome is unlikely to occur or cannot occur.

wish list wish lists n
lista życzeń
A list of desired things.

wishbone wishbones n
widełki
A forked bone between the neck and breast of a bird consisting chiefly of the two clavicles fused at their median or lower end, regarded as a lucky charm in some countries.
(American football) A particular kind of offensive formation. See wishbone formation.
(automotive) A suspension component similar in shape to a chicken wishbone.

wishful /ˈwɪʃfəl/ more wishful most wishful adj
życzeniowy
Aspiring, or seeking advancement.

wishful thinking wishful thinkings n
myślenie życzeniowe chciejstwo pobożne życzenie
(idiomatic, psychology) The illusion that what one would like to be true is actually true.

wisteria /wɪsˈtiriə/ /wɪsˈtɛriə/ wisterias n
glicynia słodlin wisteria
Any of several woody climbing vines, of the genus Wisteria, native to the East Asian countries of China, Korea, and Japan and the eastern United States.

wistful /ˈwɪstfəl/ more wistful most wistful adj
tęskny
Full of longing or yearning.

witch /wɪt͡ʃ/ witches n
czarownica wiedźma heksa jędza
A person who practices witchcraft.
One who exercises more-than-common power of attraction; a charming or bewitching person.
wiedźma
(figurative, derogatory) An ugly or unpleasant woman.

witch doctor /ˈwɪtʃ ˌdɑktɚ/ /ˈwɪtʃ ˌdɒktə/ witch doctors n
ciota szaman uzdrowiciel zamawiacz zamawiaczka znachor
A person (often male) who is believed to ward off witchcraft and heal through magical powers; a shaman.

witch hazel witch hazels n
oczar
(countable) Any of several small deciduous trees, of the genus Hamamelis, having yellow flowers

witch's broom n
czarcia miotła

witch's hat witches' hats n
wilgotnica czerniejąca
Hygrocybe conica, a small mushroom of the waxcap genus found in North America and Northern Europe.
(Australia) A traffic cone.
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see witch,‎ hat.

witch-hunt /ˈwɪtʃhʌnt/ witch-hunts n
polowanie na czarownice
(now, chiefly, historical) A search for people believed to be using sorcery or harmful magic, typically in order to persecute or punish them.

witchcraft /ˈwɪt͡ʃkɹæft/ /ˈwɪt͡ʃkɹɑːft/ witchcrafts n
czary
The practice of witches; magic, sorcery, or the use of supernatural powers to influence or predict events.

witching hour /ˈwɪt͡ʃɪŋ ˌaʊ(ə)ɹ/ /ˈwɪt͡ʃɪŋ ˌaʊə/ witching hours n
godzina duchów
(chiefly, literary, or, poetic) Often preceded by the: midnight, when witches and other supernatural beings were thought to be active, and to which bad luck was ascribed; also (generally) , the middle of the night, when unfortunate things are thought more likely to occur; the dead of night.

with /wəð/ /wəθ/ /wɪi/ /wɪt/ /wɪv/ /wɪð/ /wɪθ/ preposition
z
Against.
In the company of; alongside, close to; near to.
In addition to; as an accessory to.
In support of.
(obsolete) Using as nourishment; more recently replaced by on.
Keeping up with; understanding; following along.
z za pomocą
Using as an instrument; by means of.

with a bump
nagle

with a grain of salt adv
z przymrużeniem oka
(idiomatic) With a little common sense and skepticism.

with all due respect
z całym szacunkiem z należytym szacunkiem
(formal, idiom) A phrase used before disagreeing with someone or saying something they may find offensive, usually considered polite.

with all one's heart
całym sercem z całego serca
With much sincerity.

with all one's might
z całej siły

with any luck phraseologicalUnit
przy odrobinie szczęścia

with bated breath /wɪð ˈbeɪtɪd ˈbɹɛθ/
z zapartym tchem
(idiomatic) Eagerly; with great anticipation.

with difficulty /wɪð ˈdɪfɪkʊlti/ /wɪð ˈdɪfɪkʌlti/
z biedą z trudem
In a way that requires significant effort.

with flying colors
śpiewająco
(American spelling, idiomatic) Extremely well; in an exceptional, noteworthy, or extraordinary manner.

with good reason
nie bez powodu
Based on sound judgment and reasonable inference; with one's proper justifications; on good grounds.

with one voice
jednym głosem
(of vocalizing) In unison, together

with one's bare hands
własnymi rękami
(idiomatic) barehandedly

with one's eyes closed adv
z łatwością

with one's head held high adv
z podniesionym czołem
(idiomatic) Proudly, with pride.

with one's last breath
ostatnim tchem

with one's own eyes
na własne oczy naocznie

with open arms
z otwartym sercem z otwartymi ramionami z otwartymi rękami z otwartymi rękoma
(idiomatic) With enthusiasm, as if embracing

with pleasure /wəð ˈpleʒ.ə/ /wɪð ˈplɛʒ.ə/ /wɪθ ˈplɛʒ.ɚ/
z przyjemnością z lubością
(idiomatic) Willingly; without argument

with regard to preposition
w sprawie
Concerning; about.

withdraw /wɪðˈdɹɑ/ /wɪðˈdɹɔ/ /wɪðˈdɹɔː/ /wɪθˈdɹɑ/ /wɪθˈdɹɔ/ /wɪθˈdɹɔː/ v
cofać się wycofać się
To draw or pull (something) away or back from its original position or situation.
cofać odstąpić odstępować wycofać wycofywać
To remove (someone or (reflexive, archaic) oneself) from a position or situation; specifically (military) , to remove (soldiers) from a battle or position where they are stationed.
wycofać
To take away or take back (something previously given or permitted); to remove, to retract.
wypłacać wypłacić
(banking, finance) To extract (money) from a bank account or other financial deposit.

withdrawal /wɪðˈdɹɔː(ə)l/ /wɪðˈdɹɔːɹəl/ /wɪθˈdɹɔː(ə)l/ /wɪθˈdɹɔːɹəl/ /ˈwɪθˌdɹɔːl/ withdrawals n
absta głód narkotyczny
A type of metabolic shock the body undergoes when a substance (such as a drug) on which a patient is dependent is withheld.
wyjęcie
An act of withdrawing or a state of being withdrawn.

withe /waɪð/ /wɪð/ /wɪθ/ withes n
witka wić
A flexible, slender shoot or twig, especially when used as a band or for binding; a withy.

wither /ˈwɪðə/ /ˈwɪðɚ/ v
więdnąć
(intransitive) To shrivel, droop or dry up, especially from lack of water.

witherite witherites n
witeryt
(mineral) A yellow-grey mineral form of barium carbonate, BaCO3

withers /ˈwɪð.əz/ /ˈwɪð.ɚz/ n
kłąb
The part of the back of a four-legged animal that is between the shoulder blades; in many species the highest point of the body and the standard place to measure the animal's height. [from 1580]

within /wɪðˈɪn/ /wɪˈθɪn/ preposition
wewnątrz
In the inner part, spatially; physically inside.
w ciągu w przeciągu
Before the specified duration ends.

within reach
na wyciągnięcie ręki
At a distance close enough to touch by reaching.
(idiomatic) Near (to); close (to); at a close distance (to).

without /wɪðˈaʊt/ /wɪθˈaʊt/ [wɪðˈɐʊt] [wɪθˈɐʊt] preposition
bez beze
Not doing or not having done something.

without a hitch
bez zarzutu
(of an event or process) Without any problems.

without a trace
jak kamień w wodę
Without showing or leaving behind any sign of something; tracelessly.

without exception
bezwyjątkowo
exceptionlessly; in their entirety.

withstand /wɪðˈstænd/ /wɪθˈstænd/ v
wytrzymać wytrzymywać
(transitive) To resist or endure (something) successfully.

witness /ˈwɪtnəs/ /ˈwɪtnɪs/ witnesses n
świadectwo
(uncountable) Attestation of a fact or event; testimony.
(countable) One who is called upon to witness an event or action, such as a wedding or the signing of a document.
świadek
(countable) One who sees or has personal knowledge of something.
(countable, law) Someone called to give evidence in a court.

witty /ˈwɪti/ [ˈwɪɾi] wittier wittiest adj
dowcipny
Clever; amusingly ingenious.

wizard /wɪz.ɚd/ /ˈwɪz.əd/ wizards n
czarownik czarodziej wiedźmak wiedźmarz
Someone, usually male, who uses (or has skill with) magic, mystic items, and magical and mystical practices.
kreator
(computing) A computer program or script used to simplify complex operations, often for an inexperienced user.

wizardry wizardries n
czarnoksięstwo
The art of a wizard; sorcery.

woad /woʊd/ /wəʊd/ woads n
urzet farbownik siniło
(countable) The plant Isatis tinctoria.

wobble /ˈwɑbl̩/ /ˈwɒbl̩/ v
chwiać się zachwiać się
(intransitive) To move with an uneven or rocking motion, or unsteadily to and fro.
wahać się
(intransitive) To vacillate in one's opinions.

wobbulator wobbulators n
wobulatora
An electronic device primarily used for the alignment of receiver or transmitter intermediate frequency strips, often in conjunction with an oscilloscope; a swept-output RF oscillator; a variable capacitor driven by a voice coil; a main component of a FM circuit.

woe /woʊ/ /wəʊ/ interjection
biada
(archaic) An exclamation of grief.

woe /woʊ/ /wəʊ/ woes n
niedola cierpienie nieszczęście żałość
Calamity, trouble.

woe betide /ˌwoʊ bəˈtaɪd/ /ˌwəʊ bɪˈtaɪd/ v
biada
(transitive, idiomatic, humorous, or, literary) Used to warn someone that trouble will occur if that person does something: bad things will happen to.

woe is me /ˌwoʊ ɪz ˈmi/ /ˌwəʊ ɪz ˈmiː/ interjection
biada mi
(sometimes, humorous) Used to show that the speaker feels distress or misery.

wog /wɒɡ/ wogs n
brudas ciapaty
(British, slang, pejorative, ethnic slur) Any person who looks in-between "white" and "black": originally specifically an Indian, but later also broadened to anybody of Middle Eastern or Mediterranean descent.
(Scientology, often, attributive) A person who is not a Scientologist.

wok /wɑk/ /wɒk/ woks n
wok
A large, round-bottomed cooking pan used in East Asian cooking.

wolf /wʊf/ /wʊlf/ /wʌlf/ [wɫ̩f] [wʊwf] [wʊ̠ɫf] wolves n
wilk basior wadera
Any of several related canines that resemble Canis lupus in appearance, especially those of the genus Canis.

wolf /wʊf/ /wʊlf/ /wʌlf/ [wɫ̩f] [wʊwf] [wʊ̠ɫf] v
pochłonąć pożreć
(transitive) To devour; to gobble; to eat (something) voraciously.

wolf cub /ˈwʊlfkʌb/ wolf cubs n
wilczę
A young wolf.

wolf in sheep's clothing /ˈwʊlf ən ˈʃips ˈkloʊðɪŋ/ /ˈwʊlf ɪn ˈʃiːps ˈkləʊðɪŋ/ wolves in sheep's clothing n
wilk w owczej skórze wilk w jagnięcej skórze
(idiomatic) Someone who or something which is harmful or threatening but disguised as something peaceful or pleasant.

wolf's ticket wolf's tickets n
wilczy bilet

wolfberry wolfberries n
kolcowój kolcowój pospolity kolcowój szkarłatny
Lycium barbarum or Lycium chinense

wolffish /ˈwʊlfˌfɪʃ/ wolffish wolffishes n
zębacz
Any fish of the family Anarhichadidae.

wolfish /ˈwʊlfiʃ/ /ˈwʊlviʃ/ more wolfish most wolfish adj
wilczy
Having the characteristics or habits of a wolf.

wolfpack /ˈwʊlfpæk/ wolfpacks n
wataha
A family or other group of wild wolves.

wollastonite wollastonites n
wollastonit
(mineral) A grey inosilicate mineral, mostly calcium silicate, CaSiO3, found deposited in limestone.

wolverine /ˈwɒlvəˌɹiːn/ /ˈwʊlvəˌɹiːn/ /ˌwʊlvəˈɹiːn/ wolverines n
rosomak
A solitary, fierce mammal of the Mustelidae family, Gulo gulows.

woman /ˈwoʊ.mən/ /ˈwʊm.ɘn/ /ˈwʊm.ən/ [ˈwo.mɪn] women n
kobieta baba babka kobiecina żona
A female person, usually an adult; a (generally adult) female sentient being, whether human, supernatural, elf, alien, etc.

woman of easy virtue women of easy virtue n
kobieta lekkich obyczajów

womanizer /ˈwʊm.əˌnaɪ.zəɹ/ womanizers n
kobieciarz babiarz bawidamek podrywacz tulipan
A man who habitually flirts with and seduces, or attempts to seduce, women.

womanly /ˈwʊmənli/ womanlier womanliest adj
żeński babi kobiecy
Considered typical of, stereotypical of, or appropriate to women; feminine.

womb /wuːm/ wombs n
macica
(anatomy) In female mammals, the organ in which the young are conceived and grow until birth; the uterus. [from 8th c.]
łono
(figuratively) A place where something is made or formed. [from 15th c.]

wombat /ˈwɑmˌbæt/ /ˈwɒm.bæt/ wombats n
wombat
Any of several herbivorous, burrowing marsupials, of the family Vombatidae, mainly found in southern and eastern Australia.

women and children first phraseologicalUnit
kobiety i dzieci przodem najpierw kobiety i dzieci
An exhortation to follow the principle of removing women and children from danger before men.

women's rights n
prawa kobiet

won /wɑn/ /wɒn/ won n
won
The currency of Korea, worth 100 jun in North Korea and 100 jeon in South Korea.

wonder /ˈwʌndə/ /ˈwʌndɚ/ wonders n
cud dziw
Something that causes amazement or awe; a marvel.
dziw dziwo
Something astonishing and seemingly inexplicable.
zdumienie
The sense or emotion which can be inspired by something curious or unknown; surprise; astonishment, often with awe or reverence.

wonder /ˈwʌndə/ /ˈwʌndɚ/ v
nadziwić się zdumiewać się zdumieć się
(intransitive) To be affected with surprise or admiration; to be struck with astonishment; to be amazed; to marvel; often followed by at.
zastanawiać się
(transitive, intransitive) To ponder; to feel doubt and curiosity; to query in the mind.

wonderful /ˈwʌn.də.fl̩/ /ˈwʌn.dɚ.fl̩/ more wonderful most wonderful wonderfuler wonderfulest wonderfuller wonderfullest adj
cudowny zdumiewający zadziwiający
Surprisingly excellent; very good or admirable, extremely impressive.

wonton /ˈwɑntɑn/ /ˈwɒntɒn/ wontons n
wonton
A Chinese dumpling, often stuffed with varieties of meat or seafood and vegetables.

woo /wuː/ v
umizgiwać się zalecać się
(transitive) To endeavor to gain someone's support.

wood /wʊd/ woods n
drewno
(uncountable) The substance making up the central part of the trunk and branches of a tree. Used as a material for construction, to manufacture various items, etc. or as fuel.
drewno drzewo
(countable) The wood of a particular species of tree.
drewno na opał drewno opałowe
Firewood.
las bór knieja
(music) A woodwind instrument.

wood anemone wood anemones n
zawilec gajowy
Either of two plant species of the family Ranunculaceae, Anemone nemorosa and Anemone quinquefolia.

wood apple wood apples n
feronia słoniowa
Limonia acidissima, a tree of Southeast Asia.

wood cudweed n
szarota leśna
A weedy plant of species Gnaphalium sylvaticum, found in the north temperate zone.

wood mouse wood mice n
mysz zaroślowa
A European rodent, Apodemus sylvaticus, that tends to live in hedgerows.

wood pigeon wood pigeons n
grzywacz
The common wood pigeon, an Old World species of pigeon, Columba palumbus.

wood sandpiper wood sandpipers n
łęczak brodziec leśny
A Eurasian species of small wader birds, Tringa glareola, that is the smallest of the shanks.

wood sorrel /ˈwʊdˌsɒɹəl/ wood sorrels n
szczawik zajęczy
A white-flowered, edible woodland plant, Oxalis acetosella.
szczawik
Any of several other species of the genus Oxalis.

wood warbler wood warblers n
świstunka leśna
Phylloscopus sibilatrix, a common and widespread leaf warbler which breeds throughout northern and temperate Europe, and just into the extreme west of Asia in the southern Ural Mountains.

woodcarver woodcarvers n
snycerz
a person who is skilled at woodcarving

woodchat shrike woodchat shrikes n
dzierzba rudogłowa rudogłówka
Lanius senator, a species in the shrike family (Laniidae).

woodchip woodchips n
zrębek
A small fibre of wood; especially such material as used to make ingrain wallpaper, aka woodchip wallpaper. See Wikipedia article on ingrain wallpaper.

woodchipper woodchippers n
rębak
A machine for reducing wood to woodchips

woodchuck /ˈwʊd.t͡ʃʌk/ woodchucks n
świstak amerykański świszcz
A rodent of the family Sciuridae, belonging to the group of large ground squirrels known as marmots, Marmota monax.

woodcock /ˈwʊd.kɒk/ woodcock woodcocks n
słonka
Any of several wading birds in the genus Scolopax, of the family Scolopacidae, characterised by a long slender bill and cryptic brown and blackish plumage.

woodcut woodcuts n
drzeworytnictwo
(uncountable) A method of printmaking from such a block.
drzeworyt
(countable) A print produced with this method.

woodcutter woodcutters n
drwal
A person who cuts wood.
drzeworytnik
A person who makes woodcuts.

wooden /ˈwʊdən/ more wooden most wooden adj
drewniany
Made of wood.
(figuratively) As if made of wood; moving awkwardly, or speaking with dull lack of emotion.

wooden anniversary wooden anniversaries n
drewniane gody
The 5th anniversary of some event, particularly a wedding.

wooden spoon /ˈwʊdən spuːn/ wooden spoons n
drewniana łyżka kopyść
A spoon made from wood, commonly used in food preparation.

wooden spooner wooden spooners n
ariergarda

woodlark woodlarks n
lerka
A lark, Lullula arborea, the only member of the genus Lullula, found in western Eurasia and northern Africa.

woodlouse /ˈwʊd.ˌlaʊs/ woodlice n
stonoga
Any of the terrestrial isopod crustaceans of suborder Oniscidea, which have a rigid, segmented exoskeleton, often being capable of rolling into a ball, and feed only on dead plant matter, usually living in damp, dark places, such as under stones or bark.

woodpecker /ˈwʊdpɛkə/ /ˈwʊdˌpɛkɚ/ woodpeckers n
dzięcioł
Any bird of species-rich family Picidae, with a strong pointed beak suitable for pecking holes in wood.

woodshed woodsheds n
drewutnia drwalka drwalnia
An enclosed, roofed structure, often an outbuilding, used primarily to store firewood.

woodwind instrument woodwind instruments n
instrument dęty drewniany

woody /ˈwʊdi/ woodier woodiest adj
lesisty
Covered in woods; wooded.
drzewiasty
(botany) Non-herbaceous.

wooer /ˈwu.ɚ/ /ˈwuː.ə/ wooers n
absztyfikant zalotnik
Someone who woos or courts.

woof /wuf/ /wuːf/ /wʊf/ woofs n
wątek
The set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp; the weft.
hau
The sound a dog makes when barking; a bark.
(by extension) A sound resembling a dog's bark; specifically (sound engineering) , a low-frequency sound of bad quality produced by a loudspeaker.

wool /wʊl/ [wəl] [wɫ̩] [wʊ̠ɫ] wools n
wełna
The hair of the sheep, llama and some other ruminants.
wełna przędza
A cloth or yarn made from the wool of sheep.

woolly /ˈwʊli/ woollier woolliest adj
wełniany
Made of wool.

woolly aphid woolly aphids n
bawełnica korówka korówka wełnista

woolly mammoth woolly mammoths n
mamut włochaty
A very hairy mammoth, Mammuthus primigenius, widespread in colder regions of the Northern Hemisphere during the Pleistocene period.

woolly rhinoceros n
nosorożec włochaty

woozy /ˈwuːzi/ woozier wooziest adj
przymulony trąchnięty wstawiony
Intoxicated by drink or drugs.

wop /wɒp/ wops n
makaroniarz
(UK, US, Australia, slang, offensive, derogatory, ethnic slur) A person of Italian descent.

word /wɜːd/ /wɝd/ words n
słowo wyraz
The smallest unit of language that has a particular meaning and can be expressed by itself; the smallest discrete, meaningful unit of language. (contrast morpheme.)
(computing) A fixed-size group of bits handled as a unit by a machine and which can be stored in or retrieved from a typical register (so that it has the same size as such a register). [from 20th c.]
słowo
(telegraphy) A unit of text equivalent to five characters and one space. [from 19th c.]
A promise; an oath or guarantee. [from 10th c.]
Słowo Boże słowo
(theology, sometimes Word) Communication from God; the message of the Christian gospel; the Bible, Scripture. [from 10th c.]

word formation word formations n
słowotwórstwo
(linguistics) The formation of new words by the processes of derivation and composition.

word of honor words of honor n
słowo honoru
A promise; a pledge of one's good faith, veracity, and reliability.

word of mouth n
poczta pantoflowa wici
(idiomatic) Verbal means of passing on information.

word order word orders n
kolejność słów szyk wyrazów w zdaniu szyk zdania
The ordering of the syntactic constituents of a language.

word processor /wɜːd ˈpɹəʊˌsɛsə(ɹ)/ /wɝd ˈpɹɑˌsɛsɚ/ word processors n
edytor tekstu edytor tekstowy
Software that provides word processing functions on a computer, typically including typeface selection, line justification and other formatting, pagination, and numerous other features.

word search word searches n
wykreślanka
(games) A word game consisting of a grid of letters, the aim of which is to find an array of given words hidden within the grid.

word to the wise adv
słowo mądrości
(idiomatic) Used to emphasis following as a piece of significant advice.

word-for-word adj
dosłowny
Using exactly the same words (as were originally used).

word-formational adj
słowotwórczy
(linguistics) of or pertaining to word formation; morphological

wording wordings n
brzmienie sformułowanie
A choice of words and the style in which they are used in a given context.

wordless more wordless most wordless adj
bezsłowny bezwyrazowy
Conveyed without the use of words; unspoken or unsaid.

wordlessly adv
bezsłownie

wordplay wordplays n
gra słów

words fail someone /ˈwɜːdz feɪl ˈsʌmwʌn/ /ˈwɝdz feɪl ˈsʌmˌwʌn/ v
ręce opadają ręce opadły
(transitive, idiomatic) Of a person: to be incapable of describing something with words, especially due to fear, shock, or surprise.

wordsmith /ˈwɜːdsmɪθ/ /ˈwɝdˌsmɪθ/ wordsmiths n
krasomówca krasomówczyni retor
One who uses words skilfully. [from late 19th c.]

wordy /ˈwɝdi/ wordier wordiest adj
przegadany
Using an excessive number of words.

work /wøːk/ /wɜɪ̯k/ /wɜː(ɹ)k/ /wɜːk/ /wɝk/ /wɵːk/ [wœːk] [wɔːk] [wɚk] [wɛːk] [wɜːk] [wʊːɹk] works n
praca
The place where one is employed.
(physics) A measure of energy expended in moving an object; most commonly, force times distance. No work is done if the object does not move.
effort expended on a particular task.
praca robota
labour, occupation, job.
dzieło praca utwór
(countable) A literary, artistic, or intellectual production.

work /wøːk/ /wɜɪ̯k/ /wɜː(ɹ)k/ /wɜːk/ /wɝk/ /wɵːk/ [wœːk] [wɔːk] [wɚk] [wɛːk] [wɜːk] [wʊːɹk] v
pracować
(intransitive) To do a specific task by employing physical or mental powers.
(transitive) To cause to ferment.
przedzierać się
(intransitive) To effect by gradual degrees;
(transitive) To effect by gradual degrees.
wyszywać
(transitive) To embroider with thread.
obrabiać
(transitive) To shape, form, or improve a material.
pracować zużuwać
(transitive, law) To cause to happen or to occur as a consequence.
działać wprowadzić
(intransitive) To function correctly; to act as intended; to achieve the goal designed for.

work experience n
doświadczenie zawodowe
Professional experience.

work of art works of art n
dzieło sztuki
A product of the fine arts; a painting, sculpture, etc.

work one's fingers to the bone v
harować jak wół

work out /ˌwəːk ˈaʊt/ /ˌwɚk ˈaʊt/ v
obliczać obliczyć
(transitive) To calculate.
ćwiczyć
(transitive) To develop or devise in detail; to elaborate.

work-to-rule work-to-rules n
strajk włoski
A labor protest in which employees do only the minimum work required by the rules of a workplace, following safety or other regulations to the letter in order to cause a slowdown.

workable more workable most workable adj
efektywny sprawny
Capable of functioning.

workaholic workaholics n
pracoholik pracoholiczka
A person who feels compelled to work excessively, including while at home.

workaholism n
pracoholizm
The urge of a person to work excessively.

workaround /ˈwɜːk.əɹaʊnd/ workarounds n
obejście
A means of overcoming some obstacle, especially an obstacle consisting of constraints, or laws or regulations.
(computing) A procedure or a temporary fix that bypasses a problem and allows a user to continue working until a better solution can be provided.
(project management) An impromptu and temporary response to an unforeseen problem or risk.

workbench /ˈwɝk.bɛnt͡ʃ/ workbenches n
warsztat stół stół warsztatowy
A sturdy bench or table at which manual work is done by a carpenter, machinist, etc.

workbook workbooks n
zeszyt ćwiczeń ćwiczeniówka
A book, used by a student, in which answers and workings may be entered besides questions and exercises.
A book, used by a business, containing a record of work to be done, or work completed.

worker /ˈwɜː.kə/ /ˈwɝ.kɚ/ workers n
robotnik robotnica
A person who performs labor for a living, especially manual labor.
robotnica
A nonreproductive social insect, such as ant, bee, termite, or wasp.

worker bee worker bees n
robotnica
A sterile bee whose specialty is to support the hive, especially by collecting pollen.

workers of the world, unite phraseologicalUnit
proletariusze wszystkich krajów, łączcie się
Laborers are encouraged to unionize or otherwise engage in collective action on a global scale in order to use the strength of their numbers to obtain better conditions.

workers' party workers' parties n
partia robotnicza
(politics) A political party; its name has been used by both organisations on the left and right of the political spectrum. It is currently used by followers of Marxism, Marxism-Leninism, Maoism, social democracy, democratic socialism, socialism and Trotskyism.

workforce /ˈwɜːk.foəs/ /ˈwɜːk.fɔːs/ /ˈwɝk.fo(ː)ɹs/ /ˈwɝk.foɹs/ [ˈwɚk.fo̞ɹs] workforces n
siła robocza
All the workers employed by a specific organization or state, or on a specific project.

working /ˈwɜːkɪŋ/ /ˈwɝkɪŋ/ adj
roboczy
That suffices but requires additional work.
Of or relating to employment.

working capital n
kapitał obrotowy kapitał pracujący
(business, accounting) A financial metric that is a measure of current assets of a business that exceeds its liabilities and can be applied to its operation

working class working classes n
klasa robotnicza klasa pracująca
The social class of those who perform physical work for a living, as opposed to the professional or middle class, the upper class, or others.

working conditions n
warunki pracy
The environment in which one works, as influenced by factors such as cleanliness, lighting, equipment, paid overtime, uniforms, access to amenities, etc.

working day working days n
dzień roboczy
Any of those days of a week on which work is done, officially Monday to Friday in many countries (even though many people work on weekends).
The part of a day in which work is done; the number of hours one must work per day for a specified wage.

working family working families n
rodzina w klasie pracującej
A family in the working class.

working hypothesis working hypotheses n
hipoteza robocza
A hypothesis that is unverified yet tentatively chosen as a best guess to build upon or put effort into its verification.

working language working languages n
język roboczy
Language that is given a unique legal status in an international organisation or other supranational body as its primary means of communication.

working life working lives n
życie zawodowe
The period of one's life spent in employment, between leaving school and retirement.

working memory working memories n
pamięć robocza
(psychology) A cognitive system with a limited capacity that can hold information temporarily.

worklist worklists n
lista zadań

workload workloads n
nakład pracy
The amount of work assigned to a particular worker, normally in a specified time period

workloom worklooms n
narzędzie
A tool or implement.

workmanship /ˈwɜːk.mən.ʃɪp/ workmanships n
fachowość
The skill of an artisan or craftsman.
fachowa robota
The quality of something made by an artisan or craftsman.

workout /ˈwɜːk.aʊ̯t/ /ˈwɝk.aʊ̯t/ workouts n
trening
An exercise session; a period of physical exercise.
A schedule or program of specific exercises, especially one intended to achieve a particular goal.

workplace workplaces n
miejsce pracy
The place where someone works.

works council works councils n
rada zakładowa
An organization representing workers within a commercial corporation, known in several European jurisdictions.

workshop /ˈwɜːk.ʃɒp/ /ˈwɜːk.ʃɔp/ /ˈwɝk.ʃɑp/ workshops n
warsztat
A room, especially one which is not particularly large, used for manufacturing or other light industrial work.
warsztaty
A brief, intensive course of education for a small group, emphasizing interaction and practical problem solving.
warsztaty akademickie
An academic conference.

workshy more workshy most workshy adj
nierobotny
(British) Disinclined to work; lazy.

workstation workstations n
stacja robocza
a desktop computer, normally more powerful than a normal PC and often dedicated to a specific task, such as graphics

worktop worktops n
blat
(UK) A surface, usually resting on cupboards or drawers that can be used to work on. Usually in a kitchen.

workweek workweeks n
tydzień pracowniczy
(US) The range of days of the week that are normally worked

world /wərld/ /wɜɹld/ /wɜːld/ /wɵːld/ [wɚːɫd] [wɵːɯ̯d̥] worlds n
świat
(with "the" or a plural possessive pronoun) The subjective human experience, regarded collectively; human collective existence; existence in general.
(countable) A planet, especially one which is inhabited or inhabitable.
An individual or group perspective or social setting.
świat uniwersum wszechświat
(computing) The part of an operating system distributed with the kernel, consisting of the shell and other programs.

world capital world capitals n
światowa stolica

world of difference worlds of difference n
ogromna różnica

world order world orders n
porządek światowy
A particular structure that manages the world's stability, informed by a number of legal, political and socio-economic factors.

world power world powers n
potęga światowa
A nation or state so powerful that it can influence world affairs.

world war world wars n
wojna światowa
A war involving the major nations of the world.

world's oldest profession n
najstarszy zawód świata
(euphemistic) Prostitution.

world-weariness n
Weltschmerz weltszmerc
The state or characteristic of being world-weary.

worldly /ˈwɜː(ɹ)ldli/ more worldly most worldly worldlier worldliest adj
laicki świecki
Concerned with secular rather than sacred matters.
światowy
Sophisticated, especially because of surfeit; versed in the ways of the world.

worldly-wise more worldly-wise most worldly-wise adj
wyrobiony
Experienced in the ways of the world; sophisticated and cosmopolitan.

worldview worldviews n
światopogląd
One's personal view of the world and how one interprets it.
The totality of one's beliefs about reality.

worldwide /ˈwɜːldwaɪd/ /ˈwɝldˌwaɪd/ /ˌwɜːldˈwaɪd/ /ˌwɝldˈwaɪd/ more worldwide most worldwide adj
światowy
Spanning the world; global.

worldwide /ˈwɜːldwaɪd/ /ˈwɝldˌwaɪd/ /ˌwɜːldˈwaɪd/ /ˌwɝldˈwaɪd/ adv
na całym świecie
Throughout the world.

worm /wɜːm/ /wɝm/ worms n
smok
(archaic) A type of wingless "dragon", especially a gigantic sea serpent or any kind of dragon.
robak
(computing) A self-replicating program that propagates through a network.
robak czerw
(obsolete) Any creeping or crawling animal, such as a snake, snail, or caterpillar.

worm gear worm gears n
ślimacznica

wormhole wormholes n
tunel czasoprzestrzenny
(relativity) A hypothetical shortcut between two points in spacetime, permitting faster-than-light travel and sometimes time travel.
(programming, slang) A location in a monitor program containing the address of a routine, allowing the user to substitute different functionality.

wormwood /ˈwə(ɹ)m.wʊd/ /ˈwɚm.wʊd/ wormwoods n
piołun
An intensely bitter herb (Artemisia absinthium and similar plants in genus Artemisia) used in medicine, in the production of absinthe and vermouth, and as a tonic.

worn out more worn out most worn out adj
zniszczony zużyty
Damaged and useless due to hard or continued use.
padnię wymęczony zmęczony
Exhausted or fatigued from exertion.

worry /ˈwɒɹi/ /ˈwəʊɹi/ /ˈwɝi/ /ˈwʌɹi/ worries n
zmartwienie
A strong feeling of anxiety.

worry /ˈwɒɹi/ /ˈwəʊɹi/ /ˈwɝi/ /ˈwʌɹi/ v
martwić się
(intransitive) To be troubled; to give way to mental anxiety or doubt.
niepokoić
(transitive) Disturb the peace of mind of; afflict with mental agitation or distress.

worrying /ˈwɝijˌɪŋ/ /ˈwʌɹijˌɪŋ/ more worrying most worrying adj
niepokojący
Inducing worry.

worrywart /ˈwɚ.iˌwoɹt/ /ˈwʌɹ.iˌwoɹt/ /ˈwʌɹ.iˌwɔːt/ /ˈwʌɹ.ɪˌwɔːt/ worrywarts n
kłębek nerwów
(originally, US) A person who worries excessively, especially about unimportant matters.

worse /wɜːs/ /wɝs/ [wəɪs] adj
gorszy
comparative form of bad

worse /wɜːs/ /wɝs/ [wəɪs] adv
gorzej
.
Less skillfully.
More severely or seriously.
(sentence adverb) Used to start a sentence describing something that is worse.

worse for wear adj
zmęczony życiem
(idiomatic) Drunk.

worse things happen at sea proverb
mogłoby być gorzej

worsen /ˈwɜːsn̩/ /ˈwɝsn̩/ v
pogarszać pogorszyć
(transitive) To make worse; to impair.

worsening worsenings n
pogorszenie
A worse situation; an aggravation or deterioration

worship /ˈwɔɹʃɪp/ /ˈwɜːʃɪp/ /ˈwɝʃɪp/ worships n
kult
The devotion accorded to a deity or to a sacred object.
adoracja uwielbienie
The religious ceremonies that express this devotion.

worship /ˈwɔɹʃɪp/ /ˈwɜːʃɪp/ /ˈwɝʃɪp/ v
czcić
(transitive) To honour with extravagant love and extreme submission, as a lover; to adore; to idolize.

worshipper worshippers n
czciciel wyznawca
A person who worships, especially at a place of assembly for religious services.

worst /wɜːst/ /wɝst/ adj
najgorszy
Most inferior; doing the least good.

worst /wɜːst/ /wɝst/ adv
najgorzej
in the worst way

worst /wɜːst/ /wɝst/ worsts n
najgorsze
Something or someone that is the worst.

worst comes to worst adv
w najgorszym razie w najgorszym wypadku
(idiomatic) If a possible worst-case scenario actually occurs.

worst-case scenario adv
w najgorszym przypadku

worst-case scenario worst-case scenarios n
najgorszy przypadek
Any situation or conclusion which could not be any worse; the worst possible outcome.

worsted /ˈwɝ.stɪd/ /ˈwʊs.tɪd/ worsteds n
kamgarn
(textiles) Yarn made from long strands of wool.
The fine, smooth fabric made from such wool yarn.

wort /woɹt/ /wɜːt/ /wɝt/ worts n
brzeczka
(brewing, distilling) Also worts: a liquid extracted from mash (ground malt or some other grain soaked in hot water), which is then fermented to make beer or fermented and distilled to make a malt liquor such as whisky.

worth /wɜːθ/ /wɝθ/ adj
wart
Having a value of; proper to be exchanged for.
(obsolete, except in Scots) Valuable, worthwhile.
warty zasługujący
Making a fair equivalent of, repaying or compensating.

worth /wɜːθ/ /wɝθ/ worths n
wartość
(countable) Value.

worth one's salt /-sɑlt/ /ˈwɜːθ wʌnz ˈsɒlt/ /ˈwɝθ wʌnz ˈsɔlt/ adj
wart swojej ceny
(idiomatic) Adept or competent, especially at one's occupation.

worth one's weight in gold adj
na wagę złota
(idiomatic) Very valuable.

worth seeing adj
warto zobaczyć
(This entry is a translation hub.)

worthless /ˈwɜːθləs/ /ˈwɝθləs/ more worthless most worthless worthlesser worthlessest adj
bezwartościowy
Having no worth or use; without value.

worthlessness worthlessnesses n
bezwartościowość
The quality of lacking worth, of being valueless, useless or devoid of benefit.

worthy /ˈwɜːði/ /ˈwɝði/ worthier worthiest adj
godny
Having worth, merit, or value.
zacny
Admirable or honourable.

would /wuːld/ /wəd/ /wʊd/ /wʊld/ /əd/ v
by
Used as the auxiliary of the simple conditional modality, indicating a state or action that is conditional on another. [from 9th c.]

would like v
chcieć
(intransitive, with a full infinitive) Used to form polite requests

would you like to go out with me phraseologicalUnit
umówisz się ze mną?
Used to suggest dating someone.

would you mind putting on your seat belt phraseologicalUnit
proszę zapiąć pas
Politely asks someone in a vehicle to put on their seat belt.

would-be /ˈwʊd biː/ adj
aspirujący
Attempting or desiring something.
niedoszły
Unfulfilled; frustrated in realizing a goal, ambition, etc.

wound /waʊnd/ /wund/ /wuːnd/ /wyːnd/ wounds n
rana
An injury, such as a cut, stab, or tear, to a (usually external) part of the body.
(criminal, _, legal) An injury to a person by which the skin is divided or its continuity broken.

wound /waʊnd/ /wund/ /wuːnd/ /wyːnd/ v
ranić urazić zranić
(transitive) To hurt or injure (someone) by cutting, piercing, or tearing the skin.

wounded /ˈwuːndɪd/ adj
ranny
Suffering from a wound, especially one acquired in battle from a weapon, such as a gun or a knife.

woundwort woundworts n
czyściec
Any of several plants of the genus Stachys

wow /waʊ/ [waʊ̯] interjection
o rany wow!
An indication of excitement, surprise, astonishment, or pleasure.
wow
An expression of amazement, awe, or admiration.

wraith /ɹeɪθ/ wraiths n
widmo zjawa
A ghost or specter, especially a person's likeness seen just after their death.

wrangle /ˈɹæŋɡ(ə)l/ /ˈɹæŋɡl̩/ v
kłócić się spierać
(also, figuratively) To quarrel angrily and noisily; to bicker.

wrap /ɹæp/ /ɹɒp/ wraps n
opakowanie
Paper or sheeting that is wrapped around something to protect, contain, or conceal it.
szal
(chiefly, in plural, now, rare) An outer garment worn as protection while riding, travelling etc.
wrap
A type of food consisting of various ingredients wrapped in a tortilla or pancake.

wrap /ɹæp/ /ɹɒp/ v
zawijać zawinąć
(transitive) To enclose (an object) completely in any flexible, thin material such as fabric or paper.

wrap around one's little finger v
owinąć sobie kogoś wokół palca
(transitive, idiom) To successfully control or exert influence over, especially for a sustained period of time.

wrap up v
dokańczać dokończyć
(transitive, and, intransitive, idiomatic) To conclude or finish completely.
(transitive, idiomatic, figurative) To tie up; to make too busy to respond.

wrapper /ˈɹæpɚ/ wrappers n
opakowanie
Something that is wrapped around something else as a cover or protection: a wrapping.

wrapping paper wrapping papers n
papier pakowy
Paper used for wrapping parcels (in this case, often brown) or presents (in this case, often colourful/colorful and decorative).

wrath /ɹæθ/ /ɹɒθ/ /ɹɔːθ/ /ɹɔθ/ wraths n
gniew złość
(uncountable, formal) Great anger; (countable) an instance of this.

wrathful /ˈɹæθfəl/ /ˈɹɒθfəl/ more wrathful most wrathful adj
gniewny
Possessed of great wrath; very angry.

wreak /ɹik/ /ɹiːk/ v
pomścić siać wyładować wyładowywać
(transitive) To cause harm; to afflict; to inflict; to harm or injure; to let out harm.

wreak havoc /ɹiːk ˈhæv.ək/ v
siać spustoszenie
To cause damage, disruption, or destruction.

wreath /ɹiːθ/ wreaths n
kłąb
Something twisted, intertwined, or curled.
wianek wieniec
An ornamental circular band made, for example, of plaited flowers and leaves, and used as decoration; a garland or chaplet, especially one given to a victor.
zawój
(heraldry) An appendage to the shield, placed above it, and supporting the crest; an orle, a torse. It generally represents a twist of two cords of silk, one tinctured like the principal metal, the other like the principal color in the coat of arms.

wreath /ɹiːθ/ v
wieńczyć
(transitive) To wrap around something in a circle.

wreck /ˈɹæk/ /ˈɹɛk/ wrecks n
wrak
The remains of something that has been severely damaged or worn down.

wreck yard wreck yards n
cmentarzysko
The location of a dismantling business where wrecked or decommissioned vehicles are brought. Their usable parts are sold for use in operating vehicles, while the unusable metal parts, known as scrap metal, are sold to recycling companies.

wrecking ball wrecking balls n
kula stalowa
A heavy steel ball, usually hung from a crane, that is used for demolishing large buildings.

wren /ɹɛn/ wrens n
strzyżyk
Troglodytes troglodytes (Eurasian wren, type species and sole Old World species of the family Troglodytidae).

wrest /ɹɛst/ v
wyrwać wyrywać
(transitive) To obtain by pulling or violent force.

wrestler wrestlers n
zapaśnik zapaśniczka
(wrestling) A person who wrestles.

wrestling /ˈɹɛs.lɪŋ/ /ˈɹɛs.l̩.ɪŋ/ wrestlings n
zapasy wrestling
Ellipsis of professional wrestling (“act that emulates the sport of wrestling”).

wretch /ɹɛt͡ʃ/ wretches n
biedak
An unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person.

wretched /ˈɹɛt͡ʃəd/ /ˈɹɛt͡ʃɪd/ more wretched most wretched adj
nędzny
Characterized by or feeling deep affliction or distress; very miserable.

wring /ɹɪŋ/ v
wyżymać wyżąć
Often followed by out: to squeeze or twist (something moist) tightly so that liquid is forced out.

wrinkle /ˈɹɪŋkl̩/ wrinkles n
zmarszczka
A small furrow, ridge or crease in an otherwise smooth surface.
A line or crease in the skin, especially when caused by age or fatigue.

wrinkle /ˈɹɪŋkl̩/ v
marszczyć pomarszczyć zmarszczyć
(transitive) To make wrinkles in; to cause to have wrinkles.
marszczyć się zmarszczyć się
(intransitive, of skin) To develop irreversibly wrinkles; to age.

wrist /ɹɪst/ wrists n
nadgarstek
(anatomy) The complex joint between forearm bones, carpus, and metacarpals where the hand is attached to the arm; the carpus in a narrow sense.

wrist-slap wrist-slaps n
dostawać po łapach dostać po łapach
(countable) A mild reprimand, especially one that many observers might consider too lenient.

wristband /ˈɹɪs(t)ˌbænd/ wristbands n
mankiet
The cuff of a sleeve that wraps around the wrist.

wristwatch /ˈɹɪstˌwɑt͡ʃ/ /ˈɹɪstˌwɒt͡ʃ/ /ˈɹɪstˌwɔt͡ʃ/ wristwatches n
zegarek na rękę
A watch that is worn on a strap or band fastened around the wrist

writ /ɹɪt/ writs n
pismo
(archaic) That which is written; writing.
nakaz sądowy
A written order, issued by the British House of Commons, ordering a parliamentary by-election, or an order, issued by the Lord Chancellor, ordering a general election, or one issued by the House of Lords summoning Peers to the Chamber.

write /ɹaɪt/ v
pisać napisać pisywać
(transitive) To show (information, etc) in written form.

write down v
zapisać zapisywać
(transitive) To produce or set (something) down in writing; to record something.

writer /ˈɹaɪ.tə/ /ˈɹaɪ.təɹ/ [ˈɹ̠aɪtə] [ˈɹ̠ăɪɾɚ] [ˈɹ̠ʌɪɾɚ] writers n
pisarz pisarka autorka autor
A person who writes, or produces literary work; an author can refer to themselves as "the writer".

writer's block writer's blocks n
blokada pisarska
The (usually temporary) inability to begin or continue work on a piece of writing, especially creative writing.

writhe /ɹaɪð/ v
wić się
(intransitive) To twist bodily; to contort one's self; to be distorted.

writing /ˈɹaɪtɪŋ/ writings n
napis
(countable) Something written, such as a document, article or book.
pismo
(uncountable) The process of representing a language with symbols or letters.

writing board /ˈɹaɪtɪŋ bɔː(ɹ)d/ writing boards n
tablica do pisania
A smooth vertical surface to be written upon using an erasable material, large enough for several persons to read simultaneously.

writing desk writing desks n
biurko
A desk at which someone may write.

written /ˈɹɪ.tən/ [ɹɪɾn̩] [ɹɪʔn̩] [ɹɪʔt̚n̩] adj
napisany pisany
Of, relating, or characteristic of writing (i.e., of that which has been written).

written all over someone's face phraseologicalUnit
wypisany na czole
(idiomatic, of an emotion) Very obvious, from someone's facial expression.

wrong /ˈɹɑŋ/ /ˈɹɒŋ/ /ˈɹɔŋ/ more wrong most wrong wronger wrongest adj
błędny mylny nieprawidłowy zły
Incorrect or untrue.
nieodpowiedni niewłaściwy
Improper; unfit; unsuitable.

wrong crowd wrong crowds n
złe towarzystwo
(idiomatic) A group of people thought to have a negative influence on a person's behaviour; a bad crowd.

wrong number wrong numbers n
pomyłka
A telephone call received from an unfamiliar caller, due to a mistake in the number dialled.

wrongdoer wrongdoers n
złoczyńca
Someone who does wrong, whether morally, ethically, or in contravention of a law.

wrongly /ˈɹɑŋ.li/ /ˈɹɒŋ.li/ /ˈɹɔŋ.li/ more wrongly most wrongly adv
błędnie
Incorrectly, mistakenly; by error.

wroth /ɹɑθ/ /ɹɒθ/ /ɹɔθ/ /ɹəʊθ/ more wroth most wroth adj
gniewny
(formal, archaic) Full of anger; wrathful.

wrought iron wrought irons n
kute żelazo
A tough, malleable, ductile form of iron that is forged rather than cast, suitable for welding.

wudu /ˈwuːduː/ /ˈwʊduː/ n
abdest
(Islam) form of ritual washing of the forearms, head, and feet, required after minor impurity, frequently performed immediately before prayer

wunderkind /ˈvʊn.də.kɪnd/ /ˈvʊn.dɚ.kɪnd/ /ˈvʊn.dɚ.kɪnt/ /ˈwʊn.də.kɪnd/ /ˈwʊn.dɚ.kɪnd/ /ˈwʌn.dɚ.kɪnd/ wunderkinder wunderkinds n
dziecko szczęścia
A highly talented or gifted individual, especially one who is successful at a young age.

wuss /wʊs/ wusses n
cienias mięczak
(slang) A weak, ineffectual, cowardly, or timid person.

wye /ˈwaɪ/ wyes n
igrek
The name of the Latin-script letter Y.

wyvern /ˈwaɪvə(ɹ)n/ /ˈwiːvə(ɹ)n/ /ˈwɪvə(ɹ)n/ wyverns n
wiwerna wywerna wiwern
(heraldiccharge, mythology, fantasy) A draconian creature possessing wings, only two legs and usually a barbed tail.

x-axis x-axes n
oś odciętych oś x
(analytic geometry) The axis on a graph that is usually drawn left to right and usually shows the range of values of an independent variable.

xanthous /ˈzæn.θəs/ adj
żółtobrązowy
Yellow-brown; yolk-colored.

xebec /zɪˈbɛk/ /ˈzibɛk/ /ˈziːbɛk/ xebecs n
szebeka
A small two-masted, and later three-masted, Mediterranean transport ship with an overhanging bow and stern. [from mid 18th c.]

xenarthran /zəˈnɑɹθɹən/ xenarthrans n
szczerbak
(zoology) Any mammal of the superorder Xenarthra, of the Americas; an anteater, armadillo or sloth.

xenial /ˈziːnjəl/ /ˈziːnɪəl/ more xenial most xenial adj
gościnny
Hospitable, especially to visiting strangers or foreigners.

xenobotany n
astrobotanika

xenocide /ˈziːnəsaɪd/ /ˈzɛnəsaɪd/ xenocides n
ksenocyd
(science fiction) The genocide of an entire alien species.

xenoheart xenohearts n
serce od dawcy narządu

xenokidney xenokidneys n
nerka od dawcy narządu

xenoliver xenolivers n
wątroba od dawcy narządu

xenon /zenɔn/ /zinən/ /zɪinɔn/ /ˈzinɑn/ /ˈziːnɒn/ xenons n
ksenon
The chemical element (symbol Xe) with an atomic number of 54. It is a colorless, odorless, unreactive noble gas, used notably in camera flash technology.

xenophobe /ˈzi.nə.foʊb/ /ˈzɛ.nə.foʊb/ /ˈzɛ.nə.fəʊb/ xenophobes n
ksenofob ksenofobka
One who hates or fears strangers or foreigners.

xenophobia /ˌziː.nəˈfoʊ.bi.ə/ /ˌzɛn.əˈfoʊ.bi.ə/ /ˌzɛn.əˈfəʊ.bɪ.ə/ xenophobias n
ksenofobia
A hatred of strangers or foreigners.
A fear of strangers or foreigners.
A strong antipathy or aversion to strangers or foreigners.

xenophobic more xenophobic most xenophobic adj
ksenofobiczny
Exhibiting or characterised by xenophobia, a fear or hatred of strangers or foreigners.

xero- prefix
ksero-
dry; dryness

xeromorphic /zɪəɹəˈmɔɹfɪk/ more xeromorphic most xeromorphic adj
kseromorficzny
(biology) Of, relating to, or characteristic of the xerophytes, especially having the ability to store water in leaves and stems.

xerox /ˈseɾoks/ /ˈziː(ə)ɹ.ɑks/ /ˈzɛ.ɹɒks/ v
kserować skserować
(Philippines, dated, _, in, _, North America, colloquial) To make a paper copy or copies by means of a photocopier.

xerox copy xerox copies n
ksero kserokopia fotokopia
(slang, US, Philippines) A xerox; a photocopy.

xi /ksaɪ/ /ksiː/ /saɪ/ /zaɪ/ /ʃiː/ xis n
ksi
The 14th letter of Classical and Modern Greek. The 15th in Ancient and Old Greek.

xiphoid process /ˈzɪˌfɔɪd ˈpɹɑˌsɛs/ xiphoid processes n
wyrostek mieczykowaty
(anatomy, medicine) The small cartilaginous extension to the lower part of the sternum, usually ossified in the adult human.

xoanon /ˈzoʊ.ə.nɑn/ /ˈzəʊ.ə.nɒn/ xoana n
ksoanon
(historical) A wooden statue used as a cult image in Ancient Greece.

xor /ɛksˈo(ɹ)/ /ˈkso(ɹ)/ /ˈkszo(ɹ)/ /ˈzo(ɹ)/ xors n
albo
The logic function exclusive OR (as opposed to inclusive OR), whose output is true only when exactly one of its inputs is true.

xylem /ˈzaɪ.ləm/ xylems n
drewno ksylem
(botany) A vascular tissue in land plants primarily responsible for the distribution of water and minerals taken up by the roots; also the primary component of wood.

xylitol xylitols n
ksylitol
(chemistry) A pentahydric alcohol, C5H12O5, penta-hydroxy pentane; derived from xylose; used as a sweetener.

xylographer xylographers n
drzeworytnik drzeworytniczka
a person who makes xylographs

xylophone /ˈzaɪ.lə.ˌfəʊn/ /ˈzaɪləˌfoʊn/ xylophones n
ksylofon
(musical instrument) Any musical instrument (percussion idiophone) made of wooden slats graduated so as to make the sounds of the scale when struck with a small drumstick-like mallet; the standard Western concert xylophone or one of its derivatives.

xylophonist xylophonists n
ksylofonista ksylofonistka
Someone who plays a xylophone.

xylose xyloses n
ksyloza
(carbohydrate) One of the pentoses, C5H10O5, a white crystalline sugar, derived from wood.

y-axis y-axes n
oś rzędnych oś y
(algebraic geometry) The axis on a graph that is usually drawn from bottom to top and usually shows the range of values of variable dependent on one other variable, or the second of two independent variables.

yacht /jɑt/ /jɑːt/ /jɒt/ yachts n
jacht
A slick and light ship for making pleasure trips or racing on water, having sails but often motor-powered. At times used as a residence offshore on a dock.
Any vessel used for private, noncommercial purposes.

yacht club yacht clubs n
jachtklub klub żeglarski [[yacht-club]]
A sports club for yachting.

yachtswoman yachtswomen n
żeglarka
A woman who sails a yacht.

yak /jæk/ yak yaks n
jak
An ox-like mammal native to the Himalayas, Mongolia, Burma, and Tibet with dark, long, and silky hair, a horse-like tail, and a full, bushy mane.

yak /jæk/ v
bajczyć
(slang, intransitive) To talk, particularly informally but persistently; to chatter or prattle.

yakuza /jəˈkuːzə/ /ˈjakuza/ yakuza yakuzas n
jakuza yakuza
A Japanese organized crime gang. (plural: yakuza)
A member of a Japanese organized crime gang. (plural: yakuzas)

yam /jæm/ yams n
pochrzyn
Any climbing vine of the genus Dioscorea in the Eastern and Western hemispheres, usually cultivated.

yapok /ˈjæpɒk/ yapoks n
japok
The water opossum (Chironectes minimus).

yaranga yarangas n
jaranga
A rounded or conical tent of reindeer hide, the traditional mobile home of some nomadic indigenous peoples of Russia.

yard /jɑɹd/ /jɑːd/ yard yards n
podwórze podwórko
A small, usually uncultivated area adjoining or (now especially) within the precincts of a house or other building.
reja
(nautical) A long tapered timber hung on a mast to which is bent a sail, and may be further qualified as a square, lateen, or lug yard. The first is hung at right angles to the mast, the latter two hang obliquely.
jard
(obsolete) The rod, a surveying unit of (once) 15 or (now) 16+1⁄2 feet.

yardstick /ˈjɑɹdˌstɪk/ /ˈjɑːdˌstɪk/ yardsticks n
calówka
A measuring rod thirty-six inches (one yard) long.

yarligh /jɑɹˈliɡ/ yarlighs n
jarłyk
(historical) A khan's decree in the Mongol Empire.

yarmulke /ˈjɑ(ɹ)mə(l)kə/ /ˈjɑːməlkə/ yarmulkes n
jarmułka
A skullcap worn by religious Jewish males (especially during prayer). [from 1903]

yarn /jɑɹn/ /jɑːn/ yarns n
przędza włóczka
(uncountable) A twisted strand of fiber used for knitting or weaving.
skrętka
(nautical) Bundles of fibers twisted together, and which in turn are twisted in bundles to form strands, which in their turn are twisted or plaited to form rope.
opowieść
(countable) A story, a tale, especially one that is incredible.

yarrow /ˈjæɹəʊ/ /ˈjɛɹoʊ/ yarrows n
krwawnik
Any of several pungent Eurasian and North American herbs, of the genus Achillea, used in traditional herbal medicine.

yashmak yashmaks n
czarczaf jaszmak kwef nikab
A veil worn by Muslim women to cover parts of the face when they are in public.

yat yats n
jać
A vowel letter of the Cyrillic and Glagolitic alphabet (Cyrillic capital Ѣ, Cyrillic small ѣ, Glagolitic ⱑ), no longer in current use

yataghan /ˈjætəɡæn/ yataghans n
jatagan
A type of sword used in Muslim countries from the mid-16th to late 19th centuries.

yaw /jɔː/ yaws n
obrót odchylenie
The rotation of an aircraft, ship, or missile about its vertical axis so as to cause the longitudinal axis of the aircraft, ship, or missile to deviate from the flight line or heading in its horizontal plane.

yawn /joːn/ /jɑn/ /jɔn/ /jɔːn/ yawns n
ziewanie
The action of yawning; opening the mouth widely and taking a long, rather deep breath, often because one is tired or bored.

yawn /joːn/ /jɑn/ /jɔn/ /jɔːn/ v
ziewać ziewnąć
(intransitive) To open the mouth widely and take a long, rather deep breath, often because one is tired or bored, and sometimes accompanied by pandiculation.

yaws /ˈjɔːz/ n
frambezja jagodzica malinica
(disease) A contagious tropical disease, caused by the spirochete Treponema pertenue, characterized by yellowish or reddish tumors, which often resemble berries.

yeah /ˈjæ.(ə)/ /ˈjɛ(ə)/ particle
tak no aha ta
(colloquial) yes.

yeah, right /jæ ɹaɪt/ /jɛə̯ ɹaɪt/ [jæə̯˥˧ (.) ɹaɪt˥˧] [jæə̯˥˨ ɹaɪt˥˩] [jɛə̯˥˧ (.) ɹaɪt˥˧] [jɛə̯˥˨ ɹaɪt˥˩] interjection
akurat akuratnie no na bank ta jasne tak jasne
(idiomatic, emphatic, colloquial) A sarcastic expression of disbelief.

yeanling yeanlings n
jagnię owieczka
The newly born offspring of a goat or sheep.

year /jøː/ /jɜː/ /jɪə/ /jɪɹ/ years n
rok lata
The time taken for the Earth to orbit the Sun with respect to the fixed stars; a sidereal year.
The length of a year as marked by a calendar, 365 or 366 days in the Gregorian calendar; a calendar year.
The mean length of a calendar year in the Julian calendar, that is, 365.25 solar days; a Julian year.
(by extension) The time it takes for any astronomical object (such as a planet, dwarf planet, small Solar System body, or comet) in direct orbit around a star (such as the Sun) to make one revolution around the star.
A period between set dates that mark a year, such as from January 1 to December 31 by the Gregorian calendar, from Tishri 1 to Elul 29 by the Jewish calendar, and from Muharram 1 to Dhu al-Hijjah 29 or 30 by the Islamic calendar.
A scheduled part of a calendar year spent in a specific activity.
A level or grade in school or college.

year of our Lord years of our Lord n
rok pański
(Christianity) A year of the Common Era/Christian Era; anno Domini; numbered from the once estimated first year for the birth of Jesus Christ.

year-end adj
końcoworoczny
On or happening at the end of the year (e.g., late December).

year-over-year adj
rok do roku
Compared to the same time period in the previous year.

yearbook yearbooks n
rocznik
(countable) A reference book, published annually.

yearling yearlings n
roczniak
An animal that is between one and two years old; one that is in its second year (but not yet two full years old).

yearly /ˈjɪəli/ /ˈjɪəɹli/ /ˈjɪɹli/ adj
roczny coroczny doroczny
Happening once every year.

yearly /ˈjɪəli/ /ˈjɪəɹli/ /ˈjɪɹli/ adv
corocznie rocznie
Once a year.

yearly /ˈjɪəli/ /ˈjɪəɹli/ /ˈjɪɹli/ yearlies n
rocznik
Something that is published once a year.

yearning /ˈjɜːnɪŋ/ /ˈjɝnɪŋ/ yearnings n
tęsknota
A wistful or melancholy longing.

yeasayer /ˈjeɪ.ˌseɪ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈjeɪ.ˌseɪ.ɚ/ yeasayers n
klakier leming przytakiwacz
(pejorative) One who habitually agrees uncritically.

yeast /iːst/ /jist/ /jiːst/ yeasts n
drożdże
An often humid, yellowish froth produced by fermenting malt worts, and used to brew beer, leaven bread, and also used in certain medicines.
A single-celled fungus of a wide variety of taxonomic families.
A compressed cake or dried granules of this substance used for mixing with flour to make bread dough rise.

yeastless adj
bezdrożdżowy
Without yeast.

yegg /jɛɡ/ yeggs n
kasiarz
(cant, slang) A person who breaks open safes; a burglar.

yellow /ˈjælə/ /ˈjɑlə/ /ˈjɛl.oʊ/ /ˈjɛl.əʊ/ /ˈjɛl.ɚ/ /ˈjɛlə/ /ˈjɪlə/ /ˈjʌlə/ more yellow most yellow yellower yellowest adj
żółty
Of a yellow hue.
(dated, US) Synonym of high yellow
żółty tchórzliwy
(informal) Lacking courage.

yellow /ˈjælə/ /ˈjɑlə/ /ˈjɛl.oʊ/ /ˈjɛl.əʊ/ /ˈjɛl.ɚ/ /ˈjɛlə/ /ˈjɪlə/ /ˈjʌlə/ yellows n
żółty żółć
The colour of sunflower petals and lemons; the colour obtained by mixing green and red light, or by subtracting blue from white light.

yellow /ˈjælə/ /ˈjɑlə/ /ˈjɛl.oʊ/ /ˈjɛl.əʊ/ /ˈjɛl.ɚ/ /ˈjɛlə/ /ˈjɪlə/ /ˈjʌlə/ v
żółknąć żółcić
(intransitive) To become yellow or more yellow.

yellow baboon /ˈjɛl.əʊ bəˈbuːn/ yellow baboons n
babuin
A species of baboon (Papio cynocephalus) with yellowish-brown fur.

yellow badge yellow badges n
żółta gwiazda
(historical) A cloth patch that Jews were ordered to sew on their outer garments to mark them as Jews in public, especially in Nazi-controlled states during the 1930s and 1940s.

yellow bile n
żółta żółć

yellow card /ˈjɛl.oʊ ˌkɑrd/ /ˈjɛl.əʊ ˌkɑːd/ yellow cards n
żółta kartka
(sports) a yellow-coloured card, shown to a player (especially in association football) as a caution that he or she has committed a flagrant foul; a further such foul would result in a red card.

yellow fever n
żółta febra
An acute febrile illness of tropical regions, caused by a flavivirus (Yellow fever virus) and spread by certain mosquitoes, characterised by jaundice, black vomit and the absence of urination.

yellow jersey /ˌjɛloʊ ˈdʒɝzi/ /ˌjɛləʊ ˈdʒɜːzi/ yellow jerseys n
żółta koszulka
Especially in the Tour de France: the yellow shirt worn by the leader of a stage of a cycling race, which is then awarded to the cyclist who wins the race with the fastest overall time.

yellow pages yellow pages n
żółte strony
A telephone directory that lists commercial organizations, organized by type of organization.

yellow press yellow presses n
prasa brukowa
(idiomatic, usually, collective) Newspapers which publish sensationalist articles rather than well researched and sober journalism.

yellow tea yellow teas n
żółta herbata
A Chinese tea produced in a similar manner to green tea but with the added steps of encasing and steaming the tea leaves, resulting in slower oxidisation and a mellower taste

yellow tit yellow tits n
sikora zóltogardla
Machlolophus holsti, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

yellow union yellow unions n
żółty związek zawodowy
A trade union that is dominated or influenced by an employer and thus not properly independent.

yellow-bellied more yellow-bellied most yellow-bellied adj
żółtobrzuchy
Of an animal or reptile having a yellow underside or belly.

yellow-bellied tit yellow-bellied tits n
sikora żółtobrzucha
Pardaliparus venustulus, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

yellow-billed loon yellow-billed loons n
nur białodzioby
A duck, Gavia adamsii, found in the arctic and subarctic.

yellow-breasted bunting yellow-breasted buntings n
trznadel złocisty trznadel złotawy
Emberiza aureola, a passerine bird in the bunting family Emberizidae.

yellow-browed bunting yellow-browed buntings n
trznadel złotobrewy
Emberiza chrysophrys, a passerine bird in the bunting family Emberizidae.

yellow-browed warbler yellow-browed warblers n
świstunka żółtawa
Phylloscopus inornatus, a leaf warbler (family Phylloscopidae) which breeds in temperate Asia.

yellow-green more yellow-green most yellow-green adj
żółtozielony
A yellowish-green colour.

yellow-headed blackbird yellow-headed blackbirds n
żółtogłowiec
Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus, a medium-sized blackbird, and the only member of the genus Xanthocephalus.

yellow-legged gull yellow-legged gulls n
mewa romańska
Larus michahellis, a large gull of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa.

yellowhammer yellowhammers n
trznadel
A passerine bird, Emberiza citrinella, of western Eurasia, which is mainly yellow in colour.

yellowish /ˈjɛlɔʊɪʃ/ /ˈjɛləʊɪʃ/ adj
żółtawy
Somewhat yellow (in colour).

yelp /jɛlp/ yelps n
pisk zaskomlenie zawycie
An abrupt, high-pitched noise or utterance.

yelp /jɛlp/ v
piszczeć skomleć wyć zapiszczeć zaskomleć zawyć
To utter an abrupt, high-pitched noise.

yen /jɛn/ yen n
jen
The unit of Japanese currency (symbol: ¥) since 1871, divided into 100 sen.
A coin or note worth one yen.

yeoman's service n
harówka krwawica mozół znój
(idiomatic, of behavior by a person) Arduous work, performed in a vigorous, committed manner.

yep /jɛp/ [jɛp̚] [jɛʔ] yeps n
no ta
(informal) Yes.

yerba mate yerba mates n
yerba mate

yes /jɛs/ interjection
tak
An exclamation of pleasure or approval, usually transcribed with an exclamation point.

yes /jɛs/ particle
tak owszem no ależ tak ano ja
Used to indicate disagreement or dissent in reply to a negative statement.

yes and no phraseologicalUnit
i tak, i nie tak i nie
An answer in reply to a yes-no question, indicating there is no simple "yes" or "no" answer

yes man yes men n
potakiwacz
(idiomatic) A person who always agrees with their employer or superior.

yes-no question yes-no questions n
pytanie rozstrzygające
A question that can only be answered by yes or no and does not allow for elaboration or detail.

yeshiva /jəˈʃiː.və/ yeshivas yeshivot n
jesziba jesziwa jeszybot
(Judaism) An academy for the advanced study of Jewish texts.

yesterday /ˈjɛstədeɪ/ /ˈjɛstədɪ/ /ˈjɛstɚdeɪ/ /ˈjɛstɚdi/ /ˈjɪstɚdeɪ/ /ˈjɪstɚdi/ adv
wczoraj
On the day before today.
na wczoraj
(informal) As soon as possible.

yesterday /ˈjɛstədeɪ/ /ˈjɛstədɪ/ /ˈjɛstɚdeɪ/ /ˈjɛstɚdi/ /ˈjɪstɚdeɪ/ /ˈjɪstɚdi/ yesterdays n
wczoraj
The day immediately before today; one day ago.

yesterday's adj
wczorajszy

yet /jɛt/ adv
jeszcze
Thus far; up to the present; up to some unspecified time.
(after 'have' and certain copulative verbs, followed by an infinitive) Not as of the time referenced.
In addition.

yet /jɛt/ conjunction
jednak jak jakże jakżem lecz
Nevertheless; however; but; despite that.

yeti /ˈjɛ.ti/ [ˈjɛ.ɾi] yeti yetis n
yeti
(cryptozoology) An unidentified humanoid animal said to live in the Himalayas.

yew /juː/ /jɪʊ̯/ adj
cisowy
Made from the wood of the yew tree.

yew /juː/ /jɪʊ̯/ yews n
cis
(countable) A species of coniferous tree, Taxus baccata, with dark-green flat needle-like leaves and seeds bearing red arils, native to western, central and southern Europe, northwest Africa, northern Iran and southwest Asia.
(countable, by extension) Any tree or shrub of the genus Taxus.
(uncountable) The wood of the such trees.

yield /jiːld/ yields n
plon produkcja wydajność
A product; the quantity of something produced.

yield /jiːld/ v
ustępować ustąpić
(intransitive) To give way; to succumb to a force.
dawać
(linguistics) To produce a particular sound as the result of a sound law.

yielding /ˈjiːldɪŋ/ more yielding most yielding adj
ustępliwy
Docile, or inclined to give way to pressure.

ylide /ˈɪlaɪd/ /ˈɪlɪd/ ylides n
ylid
(organic chemistry) Any organic compound in which two adjacent atoms are connected by both a covalent and an ionic bond; normally written X+–Y−

yo-yo /ˈjoʊ.joʊ/ /ˈjəʊ.jəʊ/ yo-yos n
jo-jo jojo
A toy consisting of a spheroidal or cylindrical spindle having a circular groove in which string is wound; it is used by holding the string in the fingers and reeling the spindle up and down by movements of the wrist.

yodel /ˈjoʊ.dəl/ /ˈjəʊ.dəl/ yodels n
jodłowanie
A song incorporating yodelling.

yodel /ˈjoʊ.dəl/ /ˈjəʊ.dəl/ v
jodłować
(transitive, and, intransitive) To sing (a song) in such a way that the voice fluctuates rapidly between the normal chest voice and falsetto.

yodh /jɒd/ /jəʊd/ yodhs n
jod
The tenth letter of many Semitic alphabets/abjads (Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew, Syriac, Arabic and others).

yoga /ˈjoʊ.ɡə/ yogas n
joga
Any of several Hindu or Buddhist disciplines aimed at training the consciousness for a state of perfect spiritual insight and tranquillity; especially a system of exercises practiced to promote control of the body and mind.

yoga bag yoga bags n
worek na matę do jo

yoga mat yoga mats n
mata do jogi

yogi /ˈjoʊɡi/ /ˈjəʊɡi/ yogis n
jogin joginka
(yoga) A devotee or adherent of yoga. [from 17th c.]

yogism n
jogizm
The practice of yoga.

yogurt /ˈjoʊ.ɡɚt/ /ˈjɒ.ɡət/ /ˈjəʉ.ɡət/ yogurts n
jogurt
A milk-based product stiffened by a bacterium-aided curdling process, and sometimes mixed with fruit or other flavoring.

yoke /joʊk/ /jəʊk/ yokes n
jarzmo
A bar or frame by which two oxen or other draught animals are joined at their necks enabling them to pull a cart, plough, etc.; (by extension) a device attached to a single draught animal for the same purpose.
Something which oppresses or restrains a person; a burden.

yokel /ˈjoʊ.kəl/ /ˈjəʊ.kəl/ yokels n
gbur kindybał ordynus prostaczka prostak
(pejorative) A person from or living in the countryside, viewed as being unsophisticated and/or naive.

yolk /joʊ(l)k/ /jɔlk/ /jəʊk/ yolks n
żółtko
The yellow, spherical part of an egg that is surrounded by the white albumen, and serves as nutriment for the growing young.

yoni /ˈjəʊni/ yonis n
joni

yottabyte /ˈjɒtəbaɪt/ yottabytes n
jottabajt
(computing) One septillion (1024, or 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000) bytes or 1,000 zettabytes.

you /d/ /dʒ/ /j/ /ju/ /jʉː/ /s/ /t/ /tʃ/ /z/ /ʃ/ /ʒ/ determiner
wy ty pan
The individual or group spoken or written to.
wy ty
Used before epithets, describing the person being addressed, for emphasis.

you /d/ /dʒ/ /j/ /ju/ /jʉː/ /s/ /t/ /tʃ/ /z/ /ʃ/ /ʒ/ pronoun
wy ty was ciebie cię państwo
(object pronoun) The person spoken to or written to, as an object. (Replacing thee; originally as a mark of respect.) [from 13th c.]

you are what you eat proverb
jesteś tym, co jesz
Personal health and wellbeing is determined by one's eating habits, in both positive and negative ways.

you can lead a horse to water, but you can't make it drink proverb
możesz konia doprowadzić do wodopoju, lecz pić za niego się nie da
You can show someone how to do something, but you can't make them do it.

you can say that again phraseologicalUnit
bez kitu
(idiomatic, in response to another person) That is very true.

you can't judge a book by its cover proverb
nie oceniaj książki po okładce
(idiomatic, metaphorical) It is not possible to make reliable judgments about things or people by considering external appearances alone.

you can't make a silk purse of a sow's ear proverb
i w Paryżu nie zrobią z owsa ryżu
It is not possible to produce something refined, admirable, or valuable from something which is unrefined, unpleasant, or of little or no value.

you can't teach an old dog new tricks proverb
przyzwyczajenie jest drugą naturą człowieka
It is impossible to change people's habits, traits, or mindset.

you can't win them all proverb
raz na wozie, raz pod wozem
(informal) It is impossible to always succeed; failure or disappointment is inevitable from time to time.

you don't get something for nothing proverb
coś za coś
One cannot expect to receive some benefit if one does not pay for it in some way or does not face a counterbalancing hazard or harm.

you don't say interjection
co ty nie powiesz nie gadaj
Really?; no kidding!; is that so? (sometimes used sarcastically in response to the obvious)

you have beautiful eyes phraseologicalUnit
masz piękne oczy
Used by the speaker to compliment the interlocutor's eyes.

you know /ju noʊ/ /juː nəʊ/ interjection
cóż nie no rozumie pan rozumiesz widzi pan
(informal) Expression signifying a pause or hesitation.

you know what phraseologicalUnit
wiecie co wiesz co
(idiomatic) Used, often as a question, to get someone's attention before announcing something.

you learn something new every day phraseologicalUnit
człowiek uczy się całe życie
Uttered after acquiring new knowledge.

you never know phraseologicalUnit
nigdy nie wiadomo
Used to speculate about a slight possibility.

you never miss the water till the well runs dry proverb
brać za pewnik wziąć za pewnik
People tend to take things for granted that are easily available.

you only go around once proverb
żyje się tylko raz
A person has only one lifetime, and should therefore take every opportunity to enjoy a wide variety of experiences and to maximize his or her accomplishments and satisfaction.

you scratch my back and I'll scratch yours proverb
przysługa za przysługę ręka rękę myje
If you do me a favor then I will do you a favor; quid pro quo.

you wish phraseologicalUnit
chciałabyś! chciałbyś! chciałybyście! chcielibyście
(idiomatic, colloquial) Used to express the speaker's skepticism about a preceding statement concerning some desired or assumed state of affairs.

you're never too old to learn proverb
człowiek uczy się całe życie
It is possible to learn new things, at any age; follow your desires and dreams.

you're on phraseologicalUnit
wchodzę
(informal) Used to indicate acceptance by the speaker of a proposal or challenge, especially a competitive one.

you're right phraseologicalUnit
ma pan macie rację masz rację pani rację
Indicates that what the interlocutor said/says is correct.

you're welcome phraseologicalUnit
nie ma za co proszę proszę bardzo spoczko spoko sponio
Used to acknowledge thanks; ritual reply to “thank you”.

you've got to crack a few eggs to make an omelette proverb
gdzie drwa rąbią, tam wióry lecą nie można mieć ciastka i zjeść ciastko
phrase

you-know-who pronoun
wiesz kto wiesz o kim mówię
Person or entity whose name one does not want to mention but which is known to the person to whom one is speaking.

young /jʌŋ/ younger youngest adj
młody
In the early part of growth or life; born not long ago.
Youthful; having the look or qualities of a young person.
(obsolete) Having little experience; inexperienced; unpracticed; ignorant; weak.
młodzieńczy młody
Of or belonging to the early part of life.

young /jʌŋ/ young n
młode
(often as if a plural noun) Offspring, especially the immature offspring of animals.

young adult young adults n
młody dorosły
A person who has achieved the age of majority but whose character and personality are still developing as they gain experience.

young at heart more young at heart most young at heart adj
młody duchem
(idiomatic) Having the joy and vitality associated with younger people, despite one's own advanced age.

young man young men n
młody człowieku
A term of endearment or admonishment by adults for a young boy.

younger /ˈjʌŋɡə/ /ˈjʌŋɡɚ/ adj
młodszy
in an earlier period of life

youngest /ˈjʌŋ.ɡəst/ /ˈjʌŋ.ɡɪst/ adj
najmłodszy
Most recently begun or formed.

youngest /ˈjʌŋ.ɡəst/ /ˈjʌŋ.ɡɪst/ youngests n
beniaminek
The youngest child in a family, or individual in a group.

youngster /ˈjʌŋstə/ /ˈjʌŋstɚ/ youngsters n
młodzieniec młodzik
A young person.

your /jo(ː)ɹ/ /joə/ /joʊ/ /jɔɹ/ /jɔː/ /jə/ /jɚ/ /jɝ/ /jʊə/ /jʊɚ/ determiner
twój pana pani pański
Belonging to you; of you; related to you (singular; one owner).
wasz państwa
Belonging to you; of you; related to you (plural; more owners).

your guess is as good as mine phraseologicalUnit
na dwoje babka wróżyła

your mileage may vary /jə ˈmaɪlədʒ meɪ ˈvɛəɹi/ /jɚ ˈmaɪlədʒ meɪ ˈvɛəɹi/ phraseologicalUnit
to tylko moje zdanie
(North America, idiomatic) Used to express a possible difference in taste: this is just my opinion, your opinion may be different.

your mom interjection
twoja stara
(pejorative, slang, mostly, US) A general-purpose insult, often used to comedic effect due to becoming stale.

your mother interjection
twoja stara
insult

your wish is my command phraseologicalUnit
twoje życzenie jest dla mnie rozkazem
(often, humorous) Whatever you say you wish for I will treat as a command and do straight away.

yours /jɔɹz/ /jɔː(ɹ)z/ /jəz/ /jɚz/ /jɝz/ /jʊəz/ /jʊɚz/ pronoun
twój twoja twoje twoji
That which belongs to you (singular); the possessive second-person singular pronoun used without a following noun.
wasz wasi wasza wasze
That which belongs to you (plural); the possessive second-person plural pronoun used without a following noun.

yours faithfully adj
z poważaniem
(UK) A polite, formulaic end to a letter, used especially when the sender does not know the recipient's name, for example in a business letter.

yours sincerely adj
z poważaniem
(idiomatic, chiefly, British) A polite, formulaic phrase used at the end of a letter, especially when the sender knows the recipient's name.

yours truly phraseologicalUnit
z poważaniem
(idiomatic) Used to close a note or letter.

yourself /jɔɹˈsɛlf/ /jɔːˈsɛlf/ /jəˈsɛlf/ /jɚˈsɛlf/ /jʊəˈsɛlf/ /jʊɹˈsɛlf/ pronoun
się siebie
(reflexive pronoun) Your own self (singular).
sam sama
You (singular); used emphatically, especially to indicate exclusiveness of the referent's participation in the predicate, i.e., that no one else is involved.

youth /juːθ/ /juθ/ youths n
młodość młodzież
(uncountable) The quality or state of being young.
(uncountable) The part of life following childhood; the period of existence preceding maturity or age; the whole early part of life, from childhood, or, sometimes, from infancy, to adulthood.
młody człowiek młodzieniec
(countable) A young person.
młodzieniec chłopak
(countable) A young man; a male adolescent or young adult.
młodzież
(uncountable, used with a plural or singular verb) Young persons, collectively.

youth hostel youth hostels n
schronisko młodzieżowe
An inexpensive supervised lodging place, primarily for young people.

ytterbium /jəˈtɚ.bi.əm/ /jɪˈtɚ.bi.əm/ /ɪˈtɚ.bi.əm/ /ɪˈtɜː.bi.əm/ /ˈjə.tɚ.bi.əm/ /ˈjɪ.tɚ.bi.əm/ ytterbiums n
iterb
A metallic chemical element (symbol Yb) with an atomic number of 70.

yttrium /ˈjə.tɹi.əm/ /ˈjɪ.tɹi.əm/ /ˈɪ.tɹi.əm/ yttriums n
itr
A silvery metallic chemical element (symbol Y) with an atomic number of 39, mainly found in combination with lanthanide elements in rare-earth minerals.

yuan /juˈɑn/ /ˈjuən/ /ˈwæn/ /ˈwɑn/ /ˌjuːˈæn/ yuan yuans n
juan
The basic unit of money in China.

yucca /ˈjuːkə/ /ˈjʌkə/ yuccas n
juka jukka
Any of several evergreen plants of the genus Yucca, having long, pointed, and rigid leaves at the top of a woody stem, and bearing a large panicle of showy white blossoms.

yuck /jʌk/ interjection
fuj
Uttered to indicate disgust usually toward an objectionable taste or odour. [from 1966]

yucky /ˈjʌki/ /ˈjʌkɪ/ yuckier yuckiest adj
be
(colloquial, often, childish) Of something highly offensive; causing aversion or disgust.

yum /jʌm/ adj
mniam mniam-mniam

yum /jʌm/ interjection
mniam
Indicating delight at the flavor of food.

yummy /ˈjʌm.i/ yummier yummiest adj
pyszny
(colloquial, lighthearted, often, childish) Delicious.

yup /jʌp/ [jʌp̚] interjection
no
(informal) Yes.

yuppie /ˈjʌpi/ /ˈjʌpɪ/ yuppies n
japiszon yuppi yuppie
(informal, sometimes derogatory) A young upwardly mobile urban professional person with an affluent lifestyle.

yurt /jɜːt/ /jɝːt/ /jʊɹt/ yurts n
jurta
A large, round, semi-permanent tent with vertical walls and a conical roof, usually associated with Central Asia and Mongolia (where it is known as a ger).

yus yuses n
jus
Either of two letters, little yus (Ѧ) and big yus (Ѫ), representing nasal vowel sounds in the Cyrillic alphabet. The only major Slavic language retaining these sounds is Polish, which is written in the Latin alphabet.

zaatar /ˈzɑtɑɹ/ /ˈzɑːtɑː/ n
zatar
A Middle Eastern seasoning, having the herb as the main ingredient, with sumac (or other tart-flavored equivalent) and sesame seeds.

zabaglione /ˌzæbəˈljəʊnɪ/ /ˌzɑbəlˈjoʊni/ zabagliones n
zabaglione zabaione zabajone
A custard-like dessert made with egg yolks, sugar and Marsala wine.

zakat /zɑ-/ /zəˈkɑt/ /zəˈkɑːt/ zakats n
zakat
(Islam) Almsgiving, one of the five pillars of Islam, in the form of an annual tax on certain types of property which is then used for charitable purposes.

zander /ˈzæn.də(ɹ)/ zander zanders n
sandacz
A European freshwater fish in the family Percidae, closely related to the perch, Sander lucioperca.
Any fish of the genus Sander that live in freshwater.

zany /ˈzeɪni/ zanier zaniest adj
śmieszny
Ludicrously or incongruously comical.

zapadnichestvo n
okcydentaliz zapadnictwo zapadniczestwo
(historical, rare) An 19th-century intellectual ideology which saw Russia's development as dependent upon the adoption of Western European technology and liberal government.

zawiya /ˈzɑːwɪə/ zawiyas n
zawija
In North and West Africa, a Muslim religious school or community, or its mosque.

zeal /zil/ /ziːl/ zeals n
zapał gorliwość
The fervour or tireless devotion for a person, cause, or ideal and determination in its furtherance; diligent enthusiasm; powerful interest.

zealot /ˈzɛl.ət/ zealots n
fanatyk fanatyczka zelant zelota
One who is zealous, one who is full of zeal for his own specific beliefs or objectives, usually in the negative sense of being too passionate; a fanatic.
zelota
(historical) A member of a radical, warlike, ardently patriotic group of Jews in Judea, particularly prominent in the first century, who advocated the violent overthrow of Roman rule and vigorously resisted the efforts of the Romans and their supporters to convert the Jews.

zealous /ˈzɛl.əs/ more zealous most zealous adj
zagorzały żarliwy zapamiętały
Full of zeal; ardent, fervent; exhibiting enthusiasm or strong passion.

zealously /ˈzɛləsli/ more zealously most zealously adv
entuzjastycznie gorliwie
Like a zealot; with zealotry.

zebra /ˈziːbɹə/ /ˈzɛbɹə/ zebra zebras n
zebra
(vulgar, pejorative, slang, ethnic slur) A biracial person, specifically one born to a Sub-Saharan African person and a white person.

zebra crossing zebra crossings n
zebra
(Australian, UK, NZ, Singapore) A pedestrian crossing featuring broad white stripes painted parallel to the street.

zebra finch zebra finches n
amadyna zebrowata zeberka zeberka timorska
A small Australasian weaverbird (Taeniopygia guttata) that has markings similar to a zebra.

zedoary /ˈzɛdəʊəɹi/ /ˈzɛdəʊˌɛɹi/ zedoaries n
cytwar
Curcuma zedoaria, a perennial herb native to India and Indonesia.

zee /ziː/ /ˈzeɪː/ zees n
zet
The name of the Latin-script letter Z.

zeitgeist /ˈtsaɪtˌɡaɪst/ /ˈzaɪtˌɡaɪst/ zeitgeisten zeitgeister zeitgeists n
Zeitgeist
The spirit of the age; the taste, outlook, and spirit characteristic of a period.

zemlyanka /zɛmliˈɑŋkə/ zemlyankas zemlyanki n
ziemianka
dugout, earth-house (shelter or dwelling, especially in some Slavic countries)

zemstvo /ˈzɛmstvəʊ/ zemstva zemstvos n
ziemstwo
(now, historical) A Russian district or provincial council, or elective local-governmental administrative division, founded in 1864 by Tsar Alexander the Liberator.

zenith /ˈzi.nɪθ/ /ˈzɛn.ɪθ/ zeniths n
zenit apogeum
(astronomy) The point in the sky vertically above a given position or observer; the point in the celestial sphere opposite the nadir.
zenit
(astronomy) The highest point in the sky reached by a celestial body.
(by extension) Highest point or state; peak.

zephyr /zɛfə(ɹ)/ /zɛfɚ/ zephyrs n
zefir
Any light refreshing wind; a gentle breeze.

zero /ˈzi(ˌ)ɹoʊ/ /ˈzɪə.ɹaʉ/ /ˈzɪə.ɹəʉ/ /ˈzɪə.ɹəʊ/ /ˈzɪɹ(ˌ)oʊ/ adj
zerowy
(linguistics) Present at an abstract level, but not realized in the surface form.

zero /ˈzi(ˌ)ɹoʊ/ /ˈzɪə.ɹaʉ/ /ˈzɪə.ɹəʉ/ /ˈzɪə.ɹəʊ/ /ˈzɪɹ(ˌ)oʊ/ zeroes zeros n
zero
The numeric symbol that represents the cardinal number zero.
The digit 0 in the decimal, binary, and all other base numbering systems.
(informal, uncountable) Nothing, or none.
The value of a magnitude corresponding to the cardinal number zero.
The point on a scale at which numbering or measurement originates.
(mathematics, algebra) The additive identity element of a monoid or greater algebraic structure, particularly a group or ring.
(slang) A person of little or no importance.
A setting of calibrated instruments such as a firearm, corresponding to a zero value.
(finance) A security which has a zero coupon (paying no periodic interest).
miejsce zerowe zero
(mathematics) A value of the independent variables of a function, for which the function is equal to zero.

zero /ˈzi(ˌ)ɹoʊ/ /ˈzɪə.ɹaʉ/ /ˈzɪə.ɹəʉ/ /ˈzɪə.ɹəʊ/ /ˈzɪɹ(ˌ)oʊ/ numeral
zero
The cardinal number occurring before one and that denotes no quantity or amount at all, represented in Arabic numerals as 0.

zero /ˈzi(ˌ)ɹoʊ/ /ˈzɪə.ɹaʉ/ /ˈzɪə.ɹəʉ/ /ˈzɪə.ɹəʊ/ /ˈzɪɹ(ˌ)oʊ/ v
zerować wyzerować
(transitive) To set some amount to be zero.

zero hour zero hours n
godzina zero

zero tolerance n
zerowa tolerancja
The strict policy of enforcing all the laws of a state, or the rules of an institution, and allowing no toleration or compromise even for first-time offenders or petty violations.

zero-hour contract zero-hour contracts n
umowa śmieciowa śmieciówka
(UK) A contract of employment that creates an on-call arrangement in which the employee agrees to be available for work as and when required, without any particular number of hours or times of work being specified or guaranteed.

zeroth /ˈziɹoʊθ/ /ˈzɪəɹəʊθ/ /ˈzɪɹoʊθ/ adj
zerowy
(mathematics) In the initial position in a sequence whose elements are numbered starting at zero; the ordinal number corresponding to zero.

zest /zɛst/ zests n
bigiel entuzjazm
(by extension) Enthusiasm; keen enjoyment; relish; gusto.

zeta /ˈzeɪtə/ /ˈziː.tə/ zetas n
dzeta
The sixth letter of the modern Greek alphabet (Ζ, ζ) preceded by epsilon (Ε, ε) and followed by eta, (Η, η); or the seventh letter in the ancient Greek alphabet, in which it is preceded by digamma (Ϝ, ϝ)

zettabyte /ˈzɛtəbaɪt/ zettabytes n
zettabajt
(computing) One sextillion (1021, or 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000) bytes or 1,000 exabytes.

zeugma /ˈzjuːɡ.mə/ /ˈzuːɡ.mə/ zeugmas zeugmata n
zeugma
(rhetoric) The act of using a word, particularly an adjective or verb, to apply to more than one noun when its sense is appropriate to only one.

zidovudine /zaɪˈdoʊ.vjəˌdin/ /zɪˈdoʊ.vjəˌdin/ /zɪˈdɒv.jʊ.diːn/ /zɪˈdəʊ.vjʊ.diːn/ zidovudines n
zydowudyna

ziggurat /ˈzɪɡəˌɹæt/ /ˈzɪɡʊˌɹæt/ ziggurats n
ziggurat
A temple tower of the ancient Mesopotamian valley, having the form of a terraced pyramid of successively receding stories

zigzag /ˈzɪɡ.zæɡ/ zigzags n
zygzak
A line or path that proceeds by sharp turns in alternating directions.

zinc /zɪŋk/ zincs n
cynk
(countable) A single atom of this element.

zinc /zɪŋk/ v
cynkować

zinc oxide n
tlenek cynku
(chemistry) An amorphous solid, ZnO, white when pure but often pale yellow, used in pigments and cosmetics

zincite zincites n
cynkit
(mineral) A yellow, orange or dark-red mineral form of zinc oxide, often also containing small amounts of manganese, with a chemical formula (Zn,Mn2+)O, an important ore of zinc.

zip fastener zip fasteners n
suwak zamek błyskawiczny zamek
A fastener used in clothing, bags, etc, comprised of two rows of teeth that are made to fit into each other by moving a slider along their length and opened again by moving the slider in the other direction.

zipline /ˈzɪpˌlaɪn/ ziplines n
tyrolka
A pulley suspended on a cable mounted on an incline, designed to enable a user to travel from one point to another by means of gravity.

zirconia /zɜːˈkəʊ.ni.ə/ /zɝˈkoʊ.ni.ə/ zirconias n
cyrkonia
(chemistry) The oxide of zirconium, obtained as a white powder, and possessing both acid and basic properties. On account of its infusibility, and brilliant luminosity when incandescent, it is used as an ingredient of sticks for the Drummond light.

zirconium /zɜːɹˈkoʊniəm/ zirconiums n
cyrkon
A chemical element (symbol Zr) with an atomic number of 40, a strong, lustrous, grey-white transition metal mainly used as a refractory and opacifier.

zither /ˈzɪ.ðə/ /ˈzɪ.ðɚ/ zithers n
cytra
(music) A musical instrument consisting of a flat sounding box with numerous strings placed on a horizontal surface, played with a plectrum or fingertips.

zitherist zitherists n
cytrzysta cytrzystka
Someone who plays the zither

zitting cisticola zitting cisticolas n
chwastówka chwastówka zwyczajna
A species of passerine bird, Cisticola juncidis, family Cisticolidae, distributed across Africa, Eurasia, and Australasia.

zloty /zlɑti/ /zlɒti/ zlote zloties zloty zlotych zlotys n
złoty zł złotówka
The currency unit of Poland, divided into 100 groszy.

zodiac /ˈzoʊ.diˌæk/ /ˈzəʊ.dɪˌæk/ zodiacs n
zodiak zwierzyniec niebieski
(astrology) The twelve equal divisions of the zodiacal region into signs or houses, each named for a prominent constellation in the region.
(astronomy) The ecliptic: the belt-like region of the celestial sphere corresponding to the apparent path of the sun over the course of a year.

zodiac sign zodiac signs n
znak zodiaku
(astrology) Any of the twelve star signs corresponding to the constellations which make up the zodiac.

zodiacal /zoʊˈdaɪ.ə.kəl/ more zodiacal most zodiacal adj
zodiakalny
(astronomy, astrology) Of or pertaining to the zodiac.

zokor /ˈzoʊkɔɹ/ /ˈzəʊkɔː/ zokors n
cokor zokor
Any of several Asiatic burrowing rodents native to Central Asia, in the spalacid subfamily Myospalacinae, related to the mole rats.

zombie /ˈzɑmbi/ /ˈzɒmbi/ zombies n
zombi zombiak zombie
(computing) A computer affected by malware which causes it to do whatever the attacker wants it to do without the user's knowledge.

zone /zoʊn/ /zəʊn/ zones n
strefa
A given area distinguished on the basis of a particular characteristic, use, restriction, etc.

zone out v
błądzić myślami
(informal, intransitive) To stop paying attention and think about something else, or to think about nothing

zonkey zonkeys n
zebrosioł
The offspring of a zebra and a donkey.

zoo /zuː/ zoos n
zoo ogród zoologiczny zoolog zwierzyniec
A park where live animals are exhibited.

zoo- /ˈzoʊ.oʊ/ /ˈzoʊ.ə/ /ˈzəʊ.ə/ /ˈzəʊ.əʊ/ prefix
zoo-
animal

zoogeographic adj
zoogeograficzny
Of or relating to zoogeography; concerning the geographic distribution of animals. [from 19th c.]

zoogeography zoogeographies n
zoogeografia
The scientific study of the geographical distribution of animal species.

zookeeper /ˈzuːkipɚ/ zookeepers n
opiekun zwierząt w zoo opiekunka zwierząt w zoo
A person employed at a zoo to attend to the animals.

zoolatry /zoʊˈɑlətɹi/ /zuˈɑlətɹi/ /zuːˈɒlətɹi/ /zəʊˈɒlətɹi/ n
animalizm zoolatria
The worship of animals.

zoological /zoʊəˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/ /zuəˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/ /zəʊəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/ more zoological most zoological adj
zoologiczny
Of, or relating to, animals.
Of, or relating to, zoology.

zoological garden /ˌzoʊəˈlɑdʒɪkəl ˈɡɑɹdən/ /ˌzuə-/ /ˌzəʊəˈlɒdʒɪkəl ˈɡɑːdən/ zoological gardens n
ogród zoologiczny zoo zoolog zwierzyniec
(formal) A zoo, a park where live animals are exhibited.

zoologist /zoʊˈɑləd͡ʒɪst/ /zuˈɑlədʒɪst/ /zuːˈɒlədʒɪst/ /zəʊˈɒləd͡ʒɪst/ zoologists n
zoolog
One who studies zoology.

zoology /zoʊˈɑləd͡ʒi/ /zuˈɑləd͡ʒi/ /zuːˈɒləd͡ʒi/ /zəʊˈɒlədʒi/ zoologies n
zoologia
The part of biology relating to the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct.

zoom /zuːm/ zooms n
obiektyw zmiennoogniskowy zoom
An augmentation of a view, by varying the focal length of a lens, or digitally.

zoomorphism zoomorphisms n
zoomorfizm
The representation of gods as animals or the attributing of animal characteristics to gods.
(arts, literature) The use of animal figures in art and design or of animal symbols in literature.
The viewing of human behavior in terms of the behavior of animals.

zoonosis /zoʊ.ˈɒn.ə.sɪs/ /zəʊ.ˈɒn.ə.sɪs/ /ˌzoʊ.əˈnoʊ.sɪs/ zoonoses n
zoonoza
(biology, microbiology) An animal disease, such as rabies or anthrax, that can be transmitted to humans.

zoonym zoonyms n
zoonim
(linguistics) The common name for a (species of) animal

zoopaleontology n
zoopaleontologia

zoopathology /ˌzəʊəpəˈθɒlədʒi/ n
zoopatologia
Animal pathology; veterinary pathology.

zoophilia /ˈzoʊ.oʊfiliə/ /ˈzoʊ.əfiliə/ /ˈzəʊ.əfɪliə/ /ˈzəʊ.əʊfɪliə/ zoophilias n
zoofilia sodomia
Human sexual attraction toward or sexual interaction with non-human animals.

zoophyte /ˈzuːfaɪt/ /ˈzəʊəfaɪt/ zoophytes n
zwierzokrzew
(biology, historical) An animal thought to have the characteristics of a plant, later specifically an invertebrate of the (former) group Zoophyta, comprising sponges, corals and sea anemones. [from 17th c.]
(biology, historical) A plant believed to have the characteristics of an animal, especially a sensitive plant or vegetable lamb. [from 17th c.]

zooplankton /ˌzoʊ.əˈplæŋk.tən/ /ˌzəʊ.əˈplæŋk.tən/ zooplankton zooplanktons n
zooplankton
(zoology) Free-floating small protozoa, crustaceans (such as krill), etc. and the eggs and larvae from larger animals.

zoopragmatics n
zoopragmatyka

zoosemantics n
zoosemantyka

zoosporangium zoosporangia n
zoosporangium
(botany) A sporangium, or conceptacle containing or producing zoospores.

zoospore zoospores n
pływka zoospora
A motile asexual spore of some algae and fungi

zoosyntax n
[[zoo-]]syntaksa

zope zopes n
rozpiór siniec
A fish of species Ballerus ballerus (syn. Abramis ballerus) native to Eurasia.

zorse /zɔɹs/ /zɔːs/ zorses n
zebrokoń
The offspring of a male zebra and a female horse.

zubron /ˈʒuːbɹɔːn/ zubronie zubrons n
żubroń
(uncommon) A hybrid between domestic cattle and wisent.

zubrowka /ˈzubɹəvkə/ zubrowkas n
żubrówka
A dry straw-colored liqueur of vodka flavored with herbs, originally from Poland.

zucchetto /(t)sʊˈkɛtoʊ/ /tsʊˈkɛtəʊ/ zucchettos n
piuska
A small skullcap worn by Roman Catholic clergy (the Pope's is white, a cardinal's red, a bishop's purple, and a priest's black), Anglican clergy, and Syriac or Malankara Orthodox clergy

zurna zurnas n
surma
(musical instruments) A double-reed outdoor wind instrument, usually accompanied by a davul (bass drum) in Anatolian folk music.

zwieback zwiebacks n
suchar

zwitterion /ˈtsvɪtəɹ.aɪən/ /ˈtswɪtəɹ.aɪən/ /ˈzwɪtəɹ.aɪən/ zwitterions n
jon obojnaczy zwitterjon
(chemistry) A molecule, such as an amino acid, that carries both a positive and a negative charge.

zygote /ˈzaɪɡoʊt/ /ˈzaɪɡəʊt/ zygotes n
zygota
A fertilized egg cell.

zythology /zaɪˈθɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /zaɪˈθɒ.lə.d͡ʒi/ n
browarnictwo piwowarstwo
The study of beer and beer-brewing. [from 21st c.]

Åland /ˈɑlənd/ /ˈɔːlənd/ pn
Wyspy Alandzkie
TemplateParserError:LuaError
TemplateParserError:LuaError, consisting of the Aland archipelago.

Åland Islands pn
Wyspy Alandzkie
TemplateParserError:LuaError. Swedish speaking group of islands between Finland and Sweden.

Ålesund /ˈɔːləsʊn/ /ˈɔːləsʊnd/ pn
Ålesund
A town (with bystatus) and municipality in Møre og Romsdal, Norway.

Île-de-France pn
Île-de-France
A domestic sheep breed originally from the region.

Ústí nad Labem pn
Uście nad Łabą
TemplateParserError:LuaError

Ürümqi /uːˈɹuːmt͡ʃi/ /ʊˈrʊmt͡ʃi/ pn
Urumczi
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

éclair /eɪ-/ /ɪˈklɛə/ /ɪˈklɛɹ/ éclairs n
ekler eklerek eklerka
A small chocolate-covered creme-filled pastry puff in a general oblong shape, typically larger than the miniature French version.

éminence grise /ˌeɪ-/ /ˌɛmɪnɑns ˈɡɹiz/ /ˌɛmɪnɒns ˈɡɹiːz/ éminence grises éminences grises n
szara eminencja
(idiomatic) A secret or unofficial decision-maker.

České Budějovice pn
Czeskie Budziejowice
A statutory city in the south of the Czech Republic located in the center of a valley of the Vltava River, at the confluence with the Malše.

Świdnica pn
Świdnica
TemplateParserError:LuaError.
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Świętochłowice /ʃviˌɛntəʊxwəˈvɪtseɪ/ pn
Świętochłowice
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship pn
województwo świętokrzyskie
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Šilutė pn
Szyłokarczma

Štip pn
Sztip
TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Šventoji pn
Święta
Resort town on the coast of the Baltic Sea in Lithuania.

Żory pn
Żory

Żywiec pn
Żywiec
a brand of beer named after the town

Žilina pn
Żylina
TemplateParserError:LuaError

な-adjective /nɑː ˈæd͡ʒɪktɪv/ な-adjectives n
przymiotnik na przymiotnik な-
(Japanese grammar) An adjective that necessitates the copula な (-na) if followed by a noun.